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Rushmore National BB Gun Invitational: More Than Just A Match
by SSUSA Staff - Tuesday, September 7, 2021
Shooting sports have looked different since the onset of COVID, which included Daisy Outdoor cancelling the National BB Gun Championships—normally held in Rogers, Ark.—two years in a row. Faced with another year of kids losing the opportunity to compete on a national stage, a group of coaches from South Dakota, Georgia and Texas became the administrators of the National Competitive Youth BB gun group and organized a competition. Called the Rushmore National BB Gun Invitational, the match was held July 1-3 at Fort Pierre, S.D.
Rushmore BB Gun Invitational competitors gathered for a group photo.
After the realization that some kids had aged out the previous season and missed their final year due to the pandemic, the event staff opted to host a special match for those older kids who wanted to shoot one last time. This portion of the event was named the Out To Pasture (OTP) match and open to anyone who aged out.
The match attracted more than 200 shooters from nine states—from Pennsylvania to Texas and Georgia to Oregon. Although not an official national championship, many of the best teams and finest youth shooters in the country attended, including a record-setting team from Walton, Ga., an undefeated team from Marshall County, S.D., and perennial powerhouse Pierre Junior Shooters. By the start of the match, there was a sense of victory for everyone that we were finally able to gather—not just as competitors—but as a shooting sports family.
At the heart of the Daisy Program is the rules and safety test. The 50-question, 100-point test comprises a portion of the aggregate score and is the first stage of the match. Teams take pride in the safety component of their programs, and that fact stood out with competitors answering safety questions correctly over 95 percent of the time. The event presented a high team test award which went to Marshall County, S.D., who scored a perfect 500 on the test. Outstanding achievement awards were presented to athletes who garnered perfect test scores.
These shooters garnered perfect scores on their safety test.
Prone
Highlighting the prone match was the perfect target shot by Anna Bressler of Penns Valley, Pa. That target earned her the right to attempt a national record in the prone position. The current record is a perfect target plus an additional 19 shots in the 10-ring. Unfortunately, the attempt came up short but made for a memorable moment for coach and athlete. The remainder of the top 10 were within two points of Anna and were led by Addison Heinje of Roberts County 4-H in South Dakota. Heinje's trip to the podium marked a first for Roberts County in a national BB gun match. Prone scores were incredibly high for the match, with nearly half the athletes posting at least a 95.
Anna Bressler, Penns Valley, 100-8X
Addison Heinje, Roberts County 4-H, 99-8X
Naya Talarico, Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, 99-8X
Peyton Gewedik, Buffalo Youth Shooting Sports, 99-8X
Emily Wert, Penns Valley, 99-7X
Carly Stover, Penns Valley, 99-6X
Hazel Russell, Montana Yellowstone County 4-H, 98-8X
Lucky Myers, Montgomery County 4-H Shooting Sports, 98-8X
Clay Crawford, Marshall County 4-H Sharpshooters, 98-8X
Anna Coleman, Dead Eye Shooters, 98-7X
In the OTP event, Daisy Teague of Walton County won the position with Skyler Ruth of Pierre and Allison Merritt of the Southern 7 team taking second and third places.
The standing match went to Ireland Templeton of the Pierre Junior Shooters. Her score of 98-4X is impressive on its own, but more so was the path taken to get it. One of the most important life lessons taught in competitive shooting is how to move on from a bad shot. Templeton suffered a gun malfunction in the prone position that resulted in a shot falling to the 2-ring. She came to the event with the realistic expectation that she would have a shot at the podium, but dropping a two in prone created a big hole to dig out of. After a brief pep talk, Templeton shook it off and went to work, winning the position and keeping her team's hopes of a title alive. A great memory for this young woman's final BB gun match, as Templeton will age out of the sport after this season.
Ireland Templeton, Pierre Junior Shooters, 98-4X
Madison Baines ,Walton County 4-H, 96-4X
Mason Dunlap, Penns Valley, 95-5X
Mason Stoeser, Pierre Junior Shooters,95-4X
Sydney Harper, Walton County 4-H, 95-4X
Sterling Powers, Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, 95-4X
Brookelynn Mallett, Lake County Aces, 94-4X
Michaela Hampl, Walton County 4-H, 94-4X
Julia Winstrom, Dead Eye Shooters, 94-4X
In the OTP event, Daisy Teague of Walton County won the position, with Montana Marlow of Marshall County and Carter Halvorson of the Oregon Timberbeasts taking second and third.
The highlight of the sitting match was Jayden Bender of Marshall County, S.D., shooting a perfect score. Similar to Anna Bressler, this earned her the right to attempt a national record in the sitting position. The current record is a 100 with nine additional shots in the 10-ring. Unfortunately, Bender's effort fell short, but also provided a chance for her, along with her coach and dad, to take one last trip to the firing line. As a 15-year-old, this was Bender's final match.
Jayden Bender, Marshall County 4-H Sharpshooters, 100-8X
Emmy Serock, Montana Yellowstone County 4-H, 99-7X
Josiah Hays, Pierre Junior Shooters, 99-6X
Paytyn Marlow,Marshall County 4-H Sharpshooters, 98-8X
Leah Lecarno, Oregon Timber Beasts, 98-7X
Paige Sporrer, Pierre Junior Shooters, 98-6X
Brayden Bartley, Penns Valley, 98-6X
Evan Lubick, Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, 98-5X
Skyler Plucker, Humboldt Sharpshooters, 98-4X
As for the OTP event, Skyler Ruth of Pierre, S.D., won the position, with Daisy Teague of Walton County and Carter Halvorson of the Oregon Timberbeasts taking second and third.
Kneeling was the final position of the match. Clay Crawford of Marshall County, S.D., was on a roll and put the final punctuation mark on his career by winning the position and ultimately securing the top spot on the podium for aggregate score. In third place was Erika Symens, who suffered the same challenges in prone as Ireland Templeton. A malfunctioning gun resulted in a single point on bull 4, which greatly reduced her chances at taking the podium as an individual.
Ethan Bates, Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, 98-7X
Erika Symens, Marshall County 4-H Sharpshooters, 98-6X
Bethany Shirley, Walton County 4-H, 97-5X
Samuel Sterling, Pierre Junior Shooters, 97-3X
Cheyenne Braaten, Roberts County 4-H, 96-6X
Caden Carter, The Southern 7, 96-5X
Maura Sharer, Penns Valley, 96-4X
In the OTP event, Jasmine Hays of Pierre was the position winner, while Daisy Teague of Walton County and Quinten VanDyke of the Oregon Timberbeasts took second and third places.
The top 10 shooters in the individual aggregate.
The aggregate went to Clay Crawford of Marshall County, S.D. Having already been to the podium for the test and every position except sitting (he missed it by a single point), he capped his BB gun career by taking the 2021 Rushmore Invitational Match with a final score of 488-23X. In second place was Evan Lubick of Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, Mont., with a score of 481-16X and Jayden Bender took third with 480-23X.
Clay Crawford, Marshall County 4-H Sharpshooters, 488-23X
Evan Lubick, Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, 481-16X
Jayden Bender, Marshall County 4-H Sharpshooters, 480-23X
Brookelynn Mallett, Lake County Aces, 480-15X
Josiah Hays, Pierre Junior Shooters, 480-15X
Sterling Powers, Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters, 479-17X
Maura Sharer, Penns Valley, 478-19X
Skyler Plucker, Humboldt Sharpshooters, 478-16X
Sydney Harper, Walton County 4-H, 478-12X
Caden Carter, The Southern 7, 477-18X
In the OTP event, Daisy Teague of Walton County won the match with 489-20X. In second and third were teammates from the Pierre Junior Shooters, Skyler Ruth and Jasmine Hays.
After the match, Teague recapped her experience.
"This last BB match was an amazing bonding experience with my team. I was able to come back from the cancelled season and win it all. Coming out to South Dakota for this last match was amazing and a great experience overall."
2021 Rushmore Invitational top three teams.
Starting the match in first place with a perfect team test score of 500, Marshall County, S.D., never relinquished the lead, winning the match with a score of 2388-92X. Slipping into second place with 2388-72X were the Pierre Junior Shooters of Pierre, S.D. Rounding out the top three was Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters Gold of Bozeman, Mont., with 2377-77X.
Mashall County Team 1, Britton, S.D., 2388-92X
Pierre 1, Pierre, S.D., 2380-72X
Gallatin Valley Sharp Shooters Gold, Bozeman, Mont., 2377-77X
Walton County 4-H, Walton, Ga, 2367-64X
Penns Valley Team 1, Spring Mills, Pa., 2362-80X
Humboldt Sharpshooters, Humboldt, S.D., 2357-75X
Aces, Madison, S.D., 2350-68X
The Southern 7, Blackshear, Ga, 2342-69X
406 Marauders, Billings, Mont., 2313-69X
Montgomery County 4-H Shooting Sports, Montgomery, Tex., 2306-67X
Shooting Sports Family
Clay Misar
Shortly before the Rushmore National BB Gun Invitational, the match organizers reached out to the Lake County Aces in Madison, S.D., with an idea to raise funds for one of their competitors who was battling leukemia. Clay Misar was diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in May 2020 and has spent the past year battling through rounds of treatment, kidney dialysis, and the removal of a portion of his right lung. Earlier this spring, Clay's little brother became his bone marrow donor and Clay was able to finally come home in June to continue his journey of healing. Throughout the competition, there were donation baskets available and 50/50 Fun Shoot opportunities for attendees to participate in. By the end of the competition, over $1,000 was raised for Clay and his family.
Coach Kelly Hanson feels she can speak for the entire Lake County Aces organization and the Misar family:
"We are blown away by the love and generosity shown to the Misar family. You'll often hear us talk about how shooting sports is a big family, and this just goes to show how true that is."
After it was all over, many of those in attendance came to the realization that this was much more than a match. It was a great opportunity for these young kids to get a seat on the national stage, as well as a great way to get to know young shooters from across the country. It was also an ideal way for the parents and coaches to meet people from other teams and come together as one big BB gun family. For those who organized the match, it was different than the annual Daisy match because it was a coming together of people across the nation to pull something together for these kids.
The organic nature of how the match came to be shows how strong the love for this sport and these young shooters is. One of the organizers, Jennifer Harper, said:
"We had the opportunity to meet and work with some amazing people to put this together and we have built lifelong friendships in the process. The camaraderie at this match was unlike any other that I have been a part of and I am very thankful to have had this experience."
To those shooters who will be moving on, we wish you the best of luck on your next adventure. To the shooters that will be returning to BB gun next year, we look forward to seeing you at the 2022 Daisy BB Gun Championship in Rogers, Ar.
Read more: Popular Courses-Of-Fire For Young Rifle Shooters
bb gun south dakota nationals championship
2022 College Rifle Roundup
Doug Koenig Continues Real Avid Sponsorship


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Q: Commands to duplicate a page I'm creating exams, so I need to produce (almost) identical versions of the exam, that would differ in a few characters. For instance
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To avoid mistakes when trying to replicate edits along different pages, what I would like to do would be something like
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Any suggestions on how to do this efficiently? I know how to create a macro and then I could repeat that macro on every page. The concrete question is how to do  a command with variable arguments that iterates over the arguments and applies the macro \page to each of them.

A: Based on details from How to iterate over a comma separated list?, you can define your versions of \page and \pages in the following way:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[paper=a6paper]{geometry}% Just for this example

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\page passes its argument on to making a \definition called \@page. \pages iterates over the CSV list, passing every item to \@page for execution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
è un videogioco sviluppato da Marvelous AQL e pubblicato nel 2012 da SEGA per PlayStation Vita.

Nella versione giapponese di Super Monkey Ball: Banana Splitz è presente un livello dedicato alla modella Yukie Kawamura. Il contenuto scaricabile è stato rimosso nella localizzazione per il mercato statunitense.

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Björksta socken i Västmanland ingick i Yttertjurbo härad, uppgick 1967 i Västerås stad och området ingår sedan 1971 i Västerås kommun och motsvarar från 2016 Björksta distrikt.

Socknens areal är 59,17 kvadratkilometer, varav 58,63 land. År 2000 fanns här 904 invånare. Orterna Kärsta och Orresta, Målhammars herrgård samt kyrkbyn Björksta med sockenkyrkan Björksta kyrka ligger i socknen.

Administrativ historik
Björksta socken har medeltida ursprung.

Vid kommunreformen 1862 övergick socknens ansvar för de kyrkliga frågorna till Björksta församling och för de borgerliga frågorna till Björksta landskommun. Landskommunens inkorporerades 1952 i Kungsåra landskommun som 1967 uppgick i Västerås stad som 1971 ombildades till Västerås kommun. Församlingen uppgick 2006 i Kungsåra församling.

1 januari 2016 inrättades distriktet Björksta, med samma omfattning som församlingen hade 1999/2000.

Socknen har tillhört fögderier, tingslag och domsagor enligt vad som beskrivs i artikeln Yttertjurbo härad.  De indelta soldaterna tillhörde Västmanlands regemente, Livkompaniet och Livregementets grenadjärkår, Östra Västmanlands kompani.

Geografi
Björksta socken ligger väster om Sagåns nedre lopp och norr om Ängsösund. Socknen består av öppen slättbygd och kuperad skogsbygd.

Fornlämningar
Från bronsåldern finns spridda gravar och skärvstenshögar. Från samma tid kommer tio hällristningar och en mängd skålgropar. Från järnåldern finns många små gravfält. Strax norr om E18s bro över Sagån ligger storhögen Östens hög. Vid Fycklinge har man hittat en stor bronsvas från äldre romersk tid. Vasen har en latinsk inskription som identifierar den som Apollo Grannus-vasen.

I socknen ligger fornborgen Näsborgen i Näs.

Namnet
Namnet (1322 Birkistum) kommer från prästgården och innehåller birke, 'björkbestånd' och sta, 'ställe'.

Se även
Östens hög
Björksta församling

Referenser

Noter

Externa länkar

Björksta Hembygdsförening

Socknar i Yttertjurbo härad
Indelningar i Västerås kommun


As a Warden, you'll have the ability to Soul Flare as well as each component having a stance. The lightning element and Frost has the Frenzy Stance and got the Sentry Stance, respectively. I understand the frenzy posture is just one in which the Warden supposes health and has an increase in speed. In the stance that is sentry Wardens get an increase in defense and their speed. The Warden with is pretty unique. In my mind the way that it comes across in the view of conventional MMORPG's; Frost is much more for main tanking while Lightning might function as the tank that is off.
Warden far has been a pretty fun class . It is a welcome addition to being among my favourite courses in Buy BNS Revolution gold . If you want more details about the Warden course, be sure to check out the BnS website for all that information as well as their Youtube page for videos and preview of the Warden class where the developers go over the course in a little bit of detail.
Blade and Soul - advice on the advancement of upgrades.
Below you will find a squeeze of different information that relates to the general aims of programmers for the development of the Blade and Soul project, it comprises only the most fascinating aspects regarding the true gameplay.We begin, obviously, using the new system of awakened classes. The developers intend to release this feature for each of the courses, the first are the sword master, his awakening's teaser can already be seen on the voucher page.
Each upgrade using an abysmal class will undergo the following chain: showing the idea art of Blade and Soul Revolution gold awakening, installing on test servers, collecting various user reviews and, finally, installing official servers.Also, if I properly understood the translation of the next query, the programmers will attempt to stick to the overall idea of awakened classes they have already developed, but the names might change in the procedure.


Can the Train Conductor beat the Clowns of Chaos and get his train back on track?
Discover the people around you . . .
Ever wondered who you are sitting next to on the train? Do overheard conversations, unusual luggage and first impressions make you ponder? Have you ever invented a story about your fellow passengers? Let our Train Conductor carry you away with madcap stories of passion, grief and mystery as he responds to these brief glimpses into the everyday tragedies and comedies of the passengers lives. As night falls, climb aboard at Bath Spa with Anna and Stuart, and find out if they can get to grips with the less romantic practicalities of love on the tracks.
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Lankaputhra Bank license cancelled after merger with RDB: CB
Ability to carry out domestic banking business in SL cancelled from 1 April
The Central Bank yesterday said it had cancelled the licence issued to Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. effective from 1 April 2019 after it completed its merger with the Regional Development Bank (RDB) as proposed in Budget 2016.
The Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka has granted approval in terms of section 76F read with section 9(9) of the Banking Act No. 30 of 1988 (as amended), to cancel the licence issued to the Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. in terms of the Banking Act, No. 30 of 1988 (as amended), with effect from 1 April 2019, with the completion of the merger of Lankaputhra Development Bank Limited with Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank, as proposed in the Government Budget 2016.
"Accordingly, all assets and liabilities of Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. was acquired and merged with Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank with effect from 1 April 2019, and all banking business carried on by Lankaputhra Development Bank Limited shall be carried on by Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank," the Central Bank said in a statement.
Therefore, the licence issued to Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. in terms of section 76C of the Banking Act, No. 30 of 1988 (as amended) to carry on banking business as specified in Schedule IV of the Banking Act, in the form of domestic banking business, is cancelled with effect from 1 April 2019.
(FT)
Latest from Dhanushika Niroshani
More in this category: « Kingsbury gets a face lift under Rs 750 million revamp Govt. pledges debt relief from microfinance, SME loans »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Business & Practice
A person delivers a computer payload during the 11th International Cybersecurity Forum.
Photographer: Philippe Huguen/AFP/Getty Images
Goodwin Procter Says It Was Hit by Data Breach of Vendor (1)
By Meghan Tribe
Feb. 2, 2021, 8:36 PM; Updated: Feb. 2, 2021, 9:57 PM
File transfer vendor suffered security breach
"Small percentage" of firm clients may be impacted
Goodwin Procter fell victim to a data breach after a vendor it uses for large file transfers recently reported it was hacked, according to an internal memo obtained by Bloomberg Law.
The memorandum circulated by Goodwin managing partner Mark Bettencourt on Tuesday said Goodwin was informed of the security issue on Jan.22, and immediately stopped using the service.
The firm also retained a third-party forensic expert and launched an investigation.
Goodwin confirmed the veracity of Bettencourt's memo, but declined to comment further.
Cyber breaches have become a growing issue for Big Law firms, which possess an abundance of valuable data and privileged information belonging to attorneys and clients on their networks.
Goodwin's breach investigation revealed that a "small percentage" of the firm's clients "may have experienced unauthorized access to or acquisition of confidential material" on Jan. 20, Bettencourt said. He said that potentially impacted clients were notified, and all of the firm's clients were told about the breach.
Internally, "only a few Goodwin employees were affected," and have been notified as well, according to the memo.
"At this time, we have found no evidence that any Goodwin resources were affected other than the file transfer service, and our business operations have not been affected," said Bettencourt, whose memo said Goodwin had been running the most current version of the vendor's service, conducting maintenance, and using security patches.
The email said it was likely "multiple customers" of the file transfer service had been impacted by the breach.
Goodwin came in at No. 22 in the American Lawyer's most recent rankings of the largest U.S. law firms by gross revenue. The Boston-founded firm, which has offices around the globe, pulled in around $1.3 billion in 2019 and has done major deals of late for technology and life sciences companies.
Aside from Goodwin, a handful of Big Law firms have experienced data breaches in the last few months alone.
Seyfarth Shaw was the victim of a malware attack in October. Fragomen and Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft also reported breaches late last year.
In 2017 DLA Piper was hit by a ransomware attack that affected thousands of computers across the firm's network and put the industry on higher alert about the potential of breaches to debilitate even large global organizations.
Plenty of security breaches happen at law firms, but they often don't get reported, especially if there's no unauthorized acquisition of or access to data, said Christopher Ballod, associate managing director of cyber risk of Kroll and former vice chair of the data privacy and cybersecurity practice at Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith.
"You're seeing less than the smallest tip of the iceberg in incidents," Ballod said.
He said that the most sophisticated threat actors are always looking at Big Law firms given the amount of sensitive data they possess. Third-party service providers these law firms often use are also potential targets.
Breach concerns at law firms may be even higher than in other industries, because law is such a trust-based business, according to Ballod.
"So a breach of privacy, any incident at all that could implicate the sanctity of client data is potentially catastrophic, it destroys or damages that carefully crafted brand," he said.
(Updated to include further information about Goodwin Procter and comments from Christopher Ballod throughout. )
To contact the reporter on this story: Meghan Tribe in New York at mtribe@bloomberglaw.com
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Rebekah Mintzer at rmintzer@bloomberglaw.com; Chris Opfer at copfer@bloomberglaw.com
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Meghan Tribe
Seyfarth Shaw
Cadwalader Wickersham & Taft
Goodwin Procter


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Browse: Home / BLOG / Sampling Stories Vol. 8: Dubokaj
Sampling Stories Vol. 8: Dubokaj
By Hannes Liechti (Norient) on August 9, 2017
By Hannes Liechti (Norient) on 9 August 2017 in BLOG
Digging traces of sampling in the tracks of Swiss producer and – as he calls himself – «dub scientist» Daniel Jakob aka Dubokaj led me to two interesting potentials of the production method: sampling as a hidden means of producing tracks and sampling ambient sounds as cultural signifiers. Listening to his recent album Alpine Dub (Mouthwatering Records 2016) and emailing with the artist back and forth, a few samples caught my attention: among them a drum beat by Nigerian percussionist Babatunde Olatunji and some animal bells. To learn more about these samples I met Daniel in his studio in Bern.
Daniel Jakob aka Dubokaj in his studio (© Photo by Pascal Greuter: Dubokaj – Alpine Dub – Documentary)
Hidden Sampling in «On The Plant»
We always talk about samples that we can actually hear in the final version of a track or samples where the producer tells listeners that they are processed in the track (which is still quite often not verifiable by the listener). But we don't talk about samples that no longer appear in the final track, though they nevertheless shaped the production process. One such example is Dubokajs «On the Plant».
Alpine Dub by Dubokaj
In our email conversation Daniel told me about a sample from the Nigerian percussionist Babatunde Olatunji that he has supposedly used here. To dig into the origins of the sample we had to go a few years back. Until 2011, he used a drum loop from Olatunji in live performances. You can already hear this loop in «Loibrumm», an unreleased track from his former project Filewile. It was in that folder on Daniel's hard disk where we found the first hint to the track «Takuta» by Olatunji – Daniel sampled the intro loop from the first two seconds of the track. For the Filewile project he heavily sliced the Olatunji beat.
Almost five years later, when he was working on his new project under the moniker of Dubokaj, he was browsing through his files and came to the Olatunji sample once again. He cut and warped and took it as one of the basic loops to work with for his new track. But when clicking through the history of the project files it became obvious that the beat was only there in the beginning of the process. At a certain point, the sample disappeared from the files.
This exemplifies Daniels playful approach to musical production. His workflow is rather a messy drag-and-drop than a straight concept: «I use to work with a lot of samples. Some drop out during the production process and some survive.» Nevertheless, even Daniel was surprised that we couldn't find the Olatunji sample anymore. Due to the fact that the sample was part of the project for a certain period, and that there is a short drum loop in the final version that recalls the Olatunji sample, we have to assume that it inspired Daniel during the production process and shaped the track to an important degree. «The sample helped to compose a new groove», Daniel agrees.
This case study of musical sampling raises three main points. First, it becomes evident that in many cases sampling has to be regarded as a process that spans many years. There is quite a period between saving some sound snippets on the hard drive, using them a first time in a live show or another unfinished track, and then finally bringing them to their (temporary) destination in a certain track. Second, there is such thing as «hidden sampling»: samples that are used only for a certain period within the production process and then disappear. And, finally, producers often don't really know, or aren't aware of, the samples they have used in their tracks. They don't save the source material or – as in the case of Dubokaj – they remember wrongly what they have used exactly. But let's now have a look on another Alpine Dub track:
Sampling Cultural Signifiers in «Uniborg»
Here Dubokaj uses different kinds of samples: self recorded vocal samples, synths and basses as presets from Reaktor's Monark by Native Instruments, and, finally, some goat bells. Let's have a deeper look on the latter (appearing in the beginning, at 2:29 and at 3:33).
Daniel took the sample most probably from a YouTube video. He was browsing the video platform for this particular sound and wanted to incorporate it as flavor for his track. Once extracted from the video file, he edited the sound, again warped it, pitched it a little bit down, and layered two different clips of the same sample – one on the left and one on the right (panning). The sample also inspired him to add another high-frequency, bell-like sound on top of the goats, built with an instrument, designed in Max for Live, that he uses regularly. In this instance, he even enlarged the original goat sound.
According to Daniel these sounds have the function of ambient sounds. On the vinyl version of Alpine Dub you hear such sounds appear even between the tracks. With these sounds he told me he wanted to create a certain atmosphere on the album (he couldn't really specify what kind of atmosphere he had in mind). Disregarding any potential intention by the producer, these sounds fit perfectly into the PR concept of Alpine Dub and the fiction of a Swiss dub producer from the Alps. At this point, the sample turns into a cultural signifier even though we don't know where the goats are really coming from. Moreover, the concept of Alpine Dub was most probably included only after Daniel has done the main work on the track.
Looking through the media coverage on the album the bells are not discussed as a musical signifier for the Alpine surrounding at all. Interestingly, however, I gained another impression on the track's reception when doing a short listening test: the interview partners who have been strongly connected to the track or the project didn't speak about the bell sounds and the ones who weren't familiar with the track immediately identified it mainly as «cow bells from the Swiss Alps». It seems, finally, that «place» is an important topic on the Alpine Dub project, even though it might not have played an important role during the production process.
A Documentary on Alpine Dub by Pascal Greuter
Dubokaj: Alpine Dub Re Dub (Mouthwatering, 2017)
Alpine Dub Re Dub by Dubokaj
The interview has been conducted in Bern, Switzerland, 19.8.2016. This article has been published in the context of the PhD research on sampling in experimental electronic music by Hannes Liechti. For more info click here.
Read More on the Web
> Electronic Beats: «Alpine Dub: Lee ‹Scratch› Perry on Switzerland's Dub Kinship»
Posted in BLOG | Tagged Music Production, place, Sampling, Sampling Stories | 3 Responses
Tags: Music Production / place / Sampling / Sampling Stories
Hannes Liechti (Norient)
Hannes Liechti [*1987] lives in Bern, Switzerland, as a musicologist, curator, cultural producer, and music journalist. He is currently working on a doctoral thesis on creative strategies of sampling in experimental electronic popular music at the University of Bern and the Bern University of the Arts. He belongs to the Graduate School of the Arts (GSA) in Bern and is a member of the editorial board of Norient. In 2015 he co-published the second Norient book: Seismographic Sounds. Visions of a New World, and co-curated the corresponding exhibition on global pop. Since 2016 he's national representative for Switzerland for the German-speaking branch of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music (IASPM D-A-CH). See here for a detailed vita.
3 responses to "Sampling Stories Vol. 8: Dubokaj"
Perspectives on Sampling - Norient
June 8, 2017 at 8:51 am | Permalink
[…] Vol. 8: Dubokaj […]
Norient im Appenzeller Moor - Norient
July 26, 2017 at 10:51 pm | Permalink
[…] über Dubokaj: Sampling Stories Vol. 8: Dubokaj Artikel über Lee Scratch Perry im Tagesanzeiger: Der verrückteste […]
Sampling Stories Vol. 19: Kritzkom - Norient
August 13, 2018 at 7:58 am | Permalink
[…] of sampling sometimes happen completely hidden for the listener. The samples are not audible at all, audible but not recognizable, or they are not […]


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text:
Tamil Nadu declares 26-member Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2021 predicted
Prisha Sharma December 18, 2020
The Tamil Nadu Cricket Association (TNCA) has declared a 26-member list for India's premier domestic T20 competition- Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT). The competition will initiate on 10th January as title defenders Karnataka take on Jammu and Kashmir.
Dinesh Karthik is relied upon to lead the side again in the wake of taking Tamil Nadu to the finals last season. Undesirable India players, opener Murli Vijay and all-rounder Vijay Shankar are likewise in the squad. Senior off-spinner, Ravichandran Ashwin passes up a great opportunity alongside Washington Sundar and pace sensation, T Natarajan as the trio is in Australia for national duty.
Batsman K.B Arun Karthick will re-visitation of play for Tamil Nadu after seven years. Medium-pacer Sandeep Warrier moved from Kerala in front of the season and joins Tamil Nadu. The side will play three practice matches on December 19, 20, and 21 at the MA Chidambaram Stadium. The last squad will be singled out December 21. Tamil Nadu has Odisha, Jharkhand, Bengal, Assam, and Hyderabad in Elite group B.
Tamil Nadu probables: Dinesh Karthik, M Vijay, B Aparajith, B Indrajith, Vijay Shankar, M Shahrukh Khan, C Hari Nishaanth, Pradosh Ranjan Paul, KB Arun Karthik, Akshay V Srinivasan, N Jagadeesan, M Abhinav, Aswin Crist, M Mohammed, G Periyasamy, Sandeep Warrier, S Harish Kumar, K Vignesh, R Silambarasan, J Kousik, R Sonu Yadav, M Ashwin, R Sai Kishore, M Siddharth, L Sathiyannaarayanan and M E Yazh Arun Mozhi.
The recently constructed Sardar Patel Motera Stadium in Ahmedabad will host the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy knockouts including the final. Bangalore, Kolkata, Vadodara, Indore, and Mumbai are the venues for the five Elite groups, while Chennai will have the plate group games. All players and support staff will go through three rounds of COVID-19 tests on January 2, 4, and 6.
Motera, the biggest cricket stadium in the world with a limit of 110,000 will host the four quarterfinals on January 26 and 27, the semifinals on January 29, and the last of Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2021 is scheduled for January 31.
Prisha Sharma
Prisha Sharma is most probably known as an author. Yet she is a housewife also. Writing is her passion. She writes news articles as well. She has the ability to realize the surrounding environment, observe it, and write articles related to that. She writes articles and published them on timesofchennai.com.
Syed Mushtaq AliTrophy 2021
Gulf Learning., has announced its 4th HVAC Show to be held in Dubai, UAE from 24-25 March, 2021.
Tamil Nadu girl cooks 46 dishes in 58 minutes, enters UNICO Book of World Records


Peter Heywood is a volunteer advisor with the MaRS life sciences and healthcare practice. He will be moderating the pitch showcase at the upcoming MaRS Future of Medicine conference on November 15, 2012.
Some years ago, in a past life consulting to retail companies, I had the dubious pleasure of taking some of my clients through industry trade shows. Among all of the store merchandising and processing equipment, a substantial part of the shows would always be devoted to vendors of enterprise and process-level automation technologies.
Wading through the claims of end-to-end solutions, automated customer outreach programs, radio frequency identification–enabled inventory management and supplier customer relationship management systems, my clients were both dazed and irritated by conflicting claims, too much detail and patent overpromising. They were smart people who could separate the wheat from the chaff and who ultimately chose systems and vendors that would meet their needs. But the vendor marketing did neither the customers nor the vendors any favours.
Much the same can be said of marketing in any technology sector, not least healthcare. Maybe even particularly in healthcare. Unsubstantiated or weakly supported claims of efficacy, confusion about who the customer really is, multiple solutions to the same problem, feature proliferation, competition to be an industry standard—all addressing a highly fragmented customer base—has led to a marketing Tower of Babel.
This is not to denigrate the scope and scale of innovation in healthcare technology. The passion and creativity being unleashed to solve diagnostic, administrative, care management and communication challenges in healthcare are frankly breathtaking. And because the ranges of innovations and customer types are so vast, it's impossible to identify a monolithic approach to marketing that covers innovations ranging from, say, portable imaging technologies and robotic surgery to gene-based therapies and telehealth.
But there are some basic lines of inquiry, grounded in marketing experience in other sectors, that all health technology vendors—and especially startup vendors—should follow to maximize impact with limited marketing budgets. They may seem obvious listed like this, but in my experience, they're clearly not so obvious to people who are in the thick of launching, funding and commercializing a healthcare technology company.
What problem does our product or company solve?
It's remarkable how hard it is for some companies to tightly define what problem they're solving from the external perspective of the customer. Too often, the response becomes lists of features or processes that tell customers how a product or service functions, rather than why they should care. Your positioning and marketing have to start with need and pain points to engage customers, which means investing in the time to research and meet typical customers before the launch.
Of course, you also need to be clear who your customer actually is, a surprising challenge for many health technology vendors. Who makes the purchase decision—an end user, an intermediary or even a payer? Will an end user have influence over the technology's adoption if she is not the customer? Is it necessary to bypass a provider-patient relationship in order to build a consumer-customer base? What kind of performance metrics does your customer require? What other challenges are your customers facing?
Often a seemingly worthwhile innovation fails because its marketing tries to build demand with an end user while ignoring the needs of an intermediary (also known as the customer) who approves or makes the actual purchase. As your business evolves, you may engage other customer segments, but claiming that your product has five different target customers is no answer at all and will lead to dilution of marketing spend, misaligned messaging and confusion in the marketplace. Pick one.
I have seen many presentations of new health technology products and services where my response is: "That's just like 'x.'" Sometimes that's because the innovation is indeed virtually identical to an existing product (do we need another electronic health record?) but it's often because vendors haven't taken the time to research the marketplace and identify the two or three attributes that will truly distinguish their offers and their unique value proposition in the eyes of their target customers. These could be anything from price to accessibility to business process reinvention, but the key is being clear about the sustainable points of difference and building a simple story around them.
What does our innovation replace?
Sometimes I ask a client: "Are you providing a vitamin or a prescription?" In other words, is your innovation perceived as a nice to have or a necessity? Is it an incremental improvement over a tech investment many of your prospects have already made? Is it competing against doing nothing? Does it redefine the rules in the segment, and if so, how?
It's surprising how often vendors aren't able to define how an innovative product or service will fit into or disrupt the workflow or investments of the healthcare customer or the life of the consumer-patient. Healthcare providers are very conservative, while consumers find it hard to sustain behavioural change. You need to clearly understand their "hassle maps" and then show a positive, simpler alternative both in product development and marketing programs to help make your offer a necessity, a prescription. Ever more complex descriptions of features and functionality don't accomplish that goal.
Everyone in healthcare technology has targeted the triple aim of improved experience, better outcomes and lower costs, but after you've determined who your customer is you have to build and communicate a return on investment case that targets them directly.
For example, helping payers save money when it's the provider who has to invest is not a strong position. Neither is promising future "soft" reductions in expenditures to providers and payers who are looking for a clear and substantiated story of an immediate and beneficial impact on costs. The earlier you determine the business case for your target customer, the better you can develop the trials and other proof points that give your marketing claims their substance.
You might think these are questions for the business plan, not the marketing approach. However, it's vital to recognize that "marketing" is not something undertaken after all the hard work of developing a company, product or service is done. It's an integral part of the planning process, and asking these questions early enough will not only determine the components of the marketing plan—positioning, messages and channel strategy—but also positively impact the development of the innovation or company itself.
This marketing foundation will help innovators stand outside of the "closed loop" of their own company and better understand why someone would want to engage, and ultimately connect directly and emotionally, with their product, service or company. It's more than discovery. It's marketing "uncovery": a process to uncover and make plain what the real qualities of the innovation and intent of the company are, maybe hiding in plain sight. And that's always a simple story, even in healthcare.


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Easy Media Creator 9
Crossfade feature in Music Disc Creator?
Asked by michaeltee
michaeltee 0
I currently have EMC 8 which seems to have a bug (never resolved by Roxio) with the "crossfade" feature. Unlike previous versions (eg; EMC 7.5) it is NOT possible to execute a STRAIGHT OVERLAP crossfade (without the previous track fading out and next track fading in). Does anyone know if this feature has been fixed or improved with EMC 9?
Any comments appreciated!
ggrussell 8
Unless there is a 'fade in' and 'fade out' , then it isn't called a 'crossFADE'. As far as I can remember, you should be able to do the samething in V8.
d_deweywright 117
Digital Master
Gary, in Version 8, even set up as you show it, Music Disc Creator actually does a fade-in. It was one of those acknowledged bugs that had a thread at one point. Someone realized that the non-fading option could allow a clipping situation, and decided that they wouldn't allow it. I haven't had/made a chance to test it on Version 9 to see if it was fixed.
If V9 has fade in, it must be so short that I can't tell it with any of the music that I used for testing.
Then maybe it's fixed! I'll have to try it when I get home.
Stefanomarz 0
Me too I have big problems with mixing audio and fading. Roxio 9 does not respect my mixes prepared before recording a cd and i get always clipping and noises at the change of the track.
It's definitely not fixed. I crossfaded two tracks that have hard endings and beginnings. I had it set up as the top image below shows, with no fading, but when you listen to it, it sounds like the bottom settings. In fact changing it to the bottoms settings, with no fade-out, but a fade-in sounds exactly the same.
johnstred 0
You are correct. This is definitely NOT fixed. In fact, this has not worked correctly since version 6 which I am still forced to use at home to have this feature. Subsequent versions have deleted the sub-second timer; now the fade-in issue is still present. I have asked Roxio many times... each time it has been acknowledged to be a bug, but it has not been fixed. The whole "clipping" discussion makes no sense either since this works beautifully in version 6.
No, the clipping issue makes perfect sense, but isn't the big issue someone seemed to consider it. Not sure if you're familiar with the math being done on a crossfade with the limits of the values in .WAV (or in the digital representation of music) but it definitely can be an issue. The proper solution is to offer the option of a straight cross-mix without fading, and warn that clipping could occur.
If you want to get into a discussion of why clipping can be a problem, we can, either here, or off-line.
I am not a computer guru. While I believe and appreciate your comments, all i can tell you that the crossfade feature works like a charm in version 6 where you can fade in and out like in v9, but can also overlap songs without fades. Why hasn't it worked since?
Okay, obviously you need to understand the potential problem.
Digital music in a .WAV file is represented by numbers that can range from -32768 to +32767. When you overlap two songs without any fading, you are simply adding the two values at each point. (There are 44100 points or samples every second.) If you've ever plotted a sine wave on a graph, that's how you can think of the music, except it's not simple sine waves, they wiggle up and down all over the place. As you add these values, there's about an equal chance that the value from one song will be negative when the other is positive. In this case, you're guaranteed that the sum will be greater than -32768 and less than +32767. There's also an equal chance that the two values will be either both positive or both negative. In this case, there's a chance that the sum of the two values could be greater than 32767, or less than -32768. For example, one value is 10,000 and the other is 28,000, the sum would be 38000. In this case, the actual stored value is limited to 32767, and clipping has occured. Notice, the possibility is against clipping occurring, but it can happen, and in many cases, it may not be noticeable. Also, if one song is already fading itself out, then there's even less likelihood that clipping will occur.
Apparently, when EMC 7.5 was being put together, it dawned on someone that the simple overlap could cause this clipping, regardless of the fact that people had been quite happy with the feature "forever". The decision was made that any type of overlap would be cross-faded, and thus we have the situation we're in now. I agree that it was a poor decision. The proper way to handle it would be to either a) put up a little warning box indicating the potential for clipping, but allowing the user to continue or b ) actually do the math for the overlap and only warn if any actual clipping will occur, but allow the user to continue after listening to it.
There's the math, and the (il)logic as I see it.
Edited November 17, 2006 by d_deweywright
Drude 0
FINALLY!!! Yes, this IS a huge issue... this worked fine in version 5 and 6. You could easily crossfade any two tracks anyway you wanted without having this issue... and no - there was NEVER any clipping! I have scores of CDs I burned with version 5 that sound beautiful, with all sorts of crazy crossfades and crosscuts on them. Why won't Roxio do something about this???
-Drude
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text:
Stories Photos Everything
NEA Town Courier
Marilyn P. Lutes Shearin
Marilyn P. Lutes Shearin, age 81 of Blytheville, passed from this life on Sunday, June 16, 2019 at her home. Born to Harry Louis and Gertrude Lucille Voss Lutes in Blytheville, she was retired from the Blytheville School District where she was the Social Studies and Civics teacher for 33 years.
Marilyn was a lifelong resident and grew up in the out skirts of Blytheville where her parents owned and operated Lutes Grocery Store for many years. Marilyn attended school in Burdette and received her Bachelor's degree in education from Arkansas State University. She was an active member of the First Baptist Church where she taught Sunday school and was also a member of the choir. Marilyn was also a member of Mississippi County Extension Homemakers Club, the Retired Teachers Association, Blytheville Women's Club, WMU member, the TNT senior group and an employee of Cobb Funeral Home where she was a dedicated individual and a familiar smiling face when people would come up for visitations at the funeral home. Marilyn also loved to work crossword puzzles, Sudoku and gardening. Upon moving her residence to West Minister Village, she became a very active participant in the many activities held in the village. Marilyn was very proud of her family and especially loved to go watch grandsons play football and was also an avid Razorback fan. She always had a pleasing personality and a Christian spirit that she lived by example.
Marilyn was preceded in death by her parents; and brother, Dennis Lutes.
Marilyn is survived by her children, Karan B. Shearin, Trey Shearin and his wife Cynthia and Sally Schroeder; two brothers, Billy Lutes and Tom Lutes; two sisters, Sandra Moody and Jo Ann Lutes; six grandchildren, Brad Shearin and his wife Megan, Marel Shearin, Howie Shearin, Asa Shearin, Samantha Schroeder and David Schroeder; and a host of friends and family.
Funeral Services will be held Thursday, June 20th at 2:00 p.m. at the First Baptist Church with Dr. Ron Wilcoxson, Trey Shearin and Brad Shearin officiating. Burial will be private. The family will receive friends from 1:00 p.m. until service time at the church. The family requests memorials be made to the First Baptist Church. Condolences may be expressed to the family at www.cobbfuneralhome.com.
© 2019 NEA Town Courier · Blytheville, Arkansas


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Released on PC, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in October 2010, Danger Close and EA's Medal of Honor reboot brought the franchise to modern-day Afghanistan after a dozen previous titles set during World War II. Having been a fan of entries including Medal of Honor: Airborne and Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault, I was excited to crack open the latest version and test its performance on enthusiast hardware.
Although its graphics weren't groundbreaking, 2010's Medal of Honor looked decent while allowing low-end GPUs to provide playable performance using respectable quality settings. Looking at the old benchmarks I see that even then quad-core processors were a must, with dual-core chips giving half as much performance. Having grown accustomed to Modern Warfare-like titles, Medal of Honor's relatively tame GPU requirements weren't too shocking.
Interestingly, it seems Medal of Honor: Warfighter might buck that trend, as its recommended system specifications call for no less than a 3GHz quad-core processor paired with a GeForce GTX 560 or Radeon HD 6950. Given those upper-end requirements, we expect the title to be fairly demanding with its visuals maxed out, and we'll be putting a ton of past and present-gen cards through their paces.


These are just a few of my South Island photographs. I live in the town of Nelson on the South Island of New Zealand which is blessed by its surroundings. Sea, forest and mountains are all within easy reach and offer many landscape photography opportunities. I love the challenge of constantly finding different ways to capture the different local environments.
All these images are available to purchase as photographic or canvas prints. On-line shopping is coming very soon!
Much of my landscape photography involves discovering new viewpoints of familiar scenes. I'm often seen standing in water, balancing precariously on rocks or thrashing though the undergrowth at strange times of the day! Searching for the elements of light, location, tide and weather and finding the moment when they all come together is literally, an art. Landscape photography as much about perseverance as composition and technical ability.


text:
Q: If a string matches in field A, duplicate row and add second string to row B I have a dataframe with text (localities) in the field "residual". I want to search that field, and if a word from a set of key words is found, the row is duplicated, and a corresponding word attached to the key word is added to the field "country"
eg if the word "Alabama" is found in residual, that row is duplicated, and the word "USA" is added to country field from the "codes" associated with Alabama in the keys set.
Strsplit splits along columns, not rows, and separate_rows needs a common delimiter, so I am rapidly out of my depth...
Dummy data:
keys <- data.frame(key=c("Canada", "Alabama", "Maryland"), codes=c("CAN", "USA", "USA"))

df <- data.frame(residual=c("Canada, Alabama, Maryland line","Austria","Denver and Boulder","Alabama"),
             country=c("America","Austria","America","America"),
             otherfields=c("foo","foo","foo","foo"))

Desired output:
result <- data.frame(residual=c("Canada, Alabama, Maryland line",
                            "Canada, Alabama, Maryland line",
                            "Canada, Alabama, Maryland line",
                            "Canada, Alabama, Maryland line",
                            "Austria",
                            "Denver and Boulder",
                            "Alabama",
                            "Alabama"
                            ),
                 country=c("America",
                           "CAN",
                           "USA",
                           "USA",
                           "Austria",
                           "America",
                           "America",
                           "USA"),
                 otherfields=c("foo","foo","foo","foo","foo","foo","foo","foo"))

A: A tidyverse option could look as follows.
library(tidyverse)

df %>%
  mutate(country = str_extract_all(residual, str_c(keys$key, collapse = '|')),
         country = map(country, ~ str_replace_all(., deframe(keys)))) %>%
  unnest(country, keep_empty = TRUE)

# A tibble: 6 x 3
#   residual                       country otherfields
#   <chr>                          <chr>   <chr>
# 1 Canada, Alabama, Maryland line CAN     foo
# 2 Canada, Alabama, Maryland line USA     foo
# 3 Canada, Alabama, Maryland line USA     foo
# 4 Austria                        NA      foo
# 5 Denver and Boulder             NA      foo
# 6 Alabama                        USA     foo


ChemQuest® AP® Chemistry Lab #4 - How Much Acid Is in Fruit Juices and Soft Drinks?
ChemQuest® AP® Chemistry Lab #6 - What's in That Bottle?
ChemQuest® AP® Chemistry Lab #3 - What Makes Water Hard?
ChemQuest® AP® Chemistry Lab #10 - How Long Will That Marble Statue Last?


text:
<?php

namespace App\Tests\Controller\Badge;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Test\WebTestCase;

final class ComposerLockControllerTest extends WebTestCase
{
    public function testComposerLockAction(): void
    {
        $client = self::createClient();
        $client->request('GET', '/pugx/badge-poser/composerlock');
        self::assertTrue($client->getResponse()->isSuccessful());

        self::assertMatchesRegularExpression('/max-age=3600/', (string) $client->getResponse()->headers->get('Cache-Control'));
        self::assertMatchesRegularExpression('/s-maxage=3600/', (string) $client->getResponse()->headers->get('Cache-Control'));
    }

    public function testComposerLockSvgExplicit(): void
    {
        $client = self::createClient();
        $client->request('GET', '/pugx/badge-poser/composerlock.svg');
        self::assertTrue($client->getResponse()->isSuccessful());

        self::assertMatchesRegularExpression('/max-age=3600/', (string) $client->getResponse()->headers->get('Cache-Control'));
        self::assertMatchesRegularExpression('/s-maxage=3600/', (string) $client->getResponse()->headers->get('Cache-Control'));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Toby has been learning lots of new things this week, it's quite amazing. He's also been having a great old time with his uncles and other relatives – lots of fun to see. He's also been getting noticably better at walking every day – I think his transport of choice is now about 90% walking, 10% crawling, the latter only when a particular burst of speed is required or he can't find something to pull himself up against. He's nearly able to get to standing on his own, but I think it'll be a week or two. He's also been picking up a couple more words, the cutest saying 'bye bye' and waving, although he hasn't quite got what it means as he usually does it after he's left a room, rather than saying it to the people he's leaving behind.
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Do we staff close to a dozen offices, provincial and federal, spend nearly $200-million across the great expanse of the country, to explore the human rights implications of rude heckling in comedy clubs? Or, the human right to undress in the locker room of your choice? For this, did the great armies of the West storm the beaches of Normandy? For this, did Solzhenitsyn and Sharansky endure their endless nights of hell in the gulag?
A terrific piece by Rex Murphy. Thanks to Instapundit for the link.


Responding to the idea that US libertarians are "isolationists" because they oppose the repeated acts of aggression by the US regime against other countries, Thomas Knapp wrote that in fact libertarians believe in an interconnected world.
The claim that politicians who oppose US and western wars of choice are "isolationists" is commonly repeated in political debates and rhetoric. Knapp, as always, has an effective counterargument to such nonsense.
Knapp wrote at the Garrison Center website on 2 April, "we support, as Thomas Jefferson put it, "friendship and commerce with all nations, entangling alliances with none," where real isolationists have historically opposed not just foreign wars but foreign commerce, calling for protectionist trade and immigration policies". This is, of course Knapp's idea of libertarianism, more closely aligned with the views expressed at the Center for a Stateless Society and less the bulk of members of the Libertarian Party.
With the above effectively summing up how the US regime is stupidly isolating itself and constantly creating and refining its own enemies with its continuous aggression, Knapp concludes Hillary Clinton and other presidential candidates "with their Caligula-style approach to foreign policy — "let them hate us so long as they fear us" — are the real isolationists."
The disastrous effects of America's self-imposed isolation can even be seen in Europe, where badly conceived US-led sanctions to suppress Russia's resurgent economy are failing, cause more harm and multiplying resentment towards the US in Europe now bordering on revolt against US control of Europe.


trendsetters will face almost insurmountable odds.
when and if they do, the change will be painfully slow.
these individuals to come together into small groups.
create their own independent reference network.
In this case they need not fear punishment.
As they are sufficiently insulated from the larger population.
in European society and wanted to create groups with their own rules and religion.
They have remained independent and self sufficient for centuries.
These networks possess several prominent properties.
network members and display a high level of similarity among it's members.
lifestyle to other nearby groups, nor did they want to.
segregated from the rest of society so as to impede Diffusion.
a tightly neat network is not able to implement an sustain a new behavior.
which is often a societal prerequisite for finding a husband.
normative will not be sufficient to change marriage patterns.
at least some of these communities need to be involved for change to occur.
practically convince them that changing won't incur negative consequences.
trendsetter that wants to spread its new ideas to other networks.
But how does the collective trendsetter successfully reach these other networks?
develops within what they call the core group of trendsetters.
through local and more general networks.
There are several possible channels of diffusion that may be employed.
Discussion with family and friends.
Or inter-village meetings with delegates from surrounding communities.
change to convince others of the need to abandon a standing norm.
is not equivalent to change in social expectations, especially empirical ones.
trusting that the practice is being abandoned, and that a new one is emerging.
that they can reduce the risk associated with abandoning a norm.
the main obstacles to the elimination of foot binding, the marriagability problem.
of the adverse effects of foot binding.
The fact remained of not finding a husband for an unbound daughter.
eliminating the greatest risk associated with abandoning the practice.
are another example of an attempt to create such protected networks.
that daughters will find husbands.
normative expectation through the creation of a new marriage market.
of abandoning a shared practice.
to expand their network is that of trust.
certain practices do not often face issues trusting each other.
naturally for the purpose of their own survival.
Such groups will not need any formal or external signals of commitment.
Recall the example of the Amish.
all they know is a lifestyle, values and culture of their group.
So leaving their community entails both a tremendous risk and a loss of identity.
The risk is shared and keeps members together.
a self sustaining independent network.
Outside of the small network, the problem of trust and commitment may easily arise.
It is in this case that public commitment become a crucial element of change.
that change is indeed occurring.
That is, collectively promising to abandon the old practice and adopt a new one.
is not a feasible alternative when the communities are very large.
in large cities, scaling up certain intervention proves to be quite difficult.
I already discussed the importance of the media in norm change.
In the next video, I shall expand on the role of the media as trendsetters.