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Category Archives: New Zealand
Category "New Zealand"
Australia, Case Studies, New Zealand, NewsBy responsiblewood January 18, 2022
As featured by PEFC International Berlin has a new residential complex for students, realized as a timber hybrid construction. PEFC-certified timber in the load-bearing elements has a beneficial effect on the speed of construction, the quality of living and the building's ecological footprint. Living space is rare in Germany's capital, making the search for housing a challenge, especially for students. Berlinovo…
Australia, New Zealand, NewsBy responsiblewood January 12, 2022
As featured by PEFC International In 2021, we held our 'Experience Forests, Experience PEFC' photo contest for the fifth time. Taking place in eleven countries, we received 5000 fantastic forest photos from around the world. Though it was not easy, we managed to choose our top 12 images, all of which can be seen here. For every month of 2022,…
As featured by PEFC International We begin 2022 with the announcement that Ben Gunneberg is departing PEFC after a long and distinguished career as Secretary General/CEO. "The PEFC global alliance is grateful for Mr Gunneberg's outstanding service and commitment to PEFC, as well as his significant accomplishments over his distinguished tenure," said Eduardo Rojas Briales, Chair of PEFC International. "Under…
Scion Innovation hub meets the challenge
Australia, Case Studies, New Zealand, NewsBy responsiblewood December 22, 2021
"The symbolism is very strong … we have a forest, we have a building, we have a purpose' SCION'S new Innovation hub in Rotorua, New Zealand, Te Whare Nui o Tuteata, is the culmination of a vision for an innovative timber structure and the teamwork of a client, engineers, designers and builders who weren't afraid of a challenge. And that…
Responsible Wood would like to take this opportunity to thank all members and scheme holders for their continued support over the past year. Our best wishes go to Responsible Wood members, scheme holders, our friends and supporters for the holiday season. Our regular office services will be closed from the close of business Friday, the 24th of December 2021 and…
Forest renewal – managing forests now and for generations to come
As Covered by Jason Ross, Marketing and Communication Officer for Responsible Wood Native Eucalyptus delegatensis forests, known for its gum top and stringy bark are native to Tasmania's east-coast. Commonly known as alpine ash, gum-topped stringybark and white-top, E. delegatensis has a long history of forest management and have proven highly adaptable to several silvicultural treatments, including selective harvesting and…
Responsible Wood joins the Love Paper campaign
As featured by The Real Media Collective The Real Media Collective announced today a partnership with standard development organisation, Responsible Wood, who manages the PEFC certification system in Australia and New Zealand. TRMC has long held the regional licence for Two Sides, promoting the environmental credentials of paper and print products across Australia and New Zealand, and announced earlier this…
Just Published: Sustainable Forest Management – requirements (AS / NZS 4708)
Australia, New Zealand, News, Press Releases, TechnicalBy responsiblewood December 15, 2021
In December 2021 Responsible Wood published the latest version of the AS / NZS 4708 Standard for Sustainable Forest Management – requirements. Click here to register your details and download the new standard Updated and reviewed by Responsible Wood every five years, the Standard has been approved for publication following revision by the AS / NZS 4708 Standards Reference Committee and Working…
Our entire future must be sustainable
As featured by PEFC International This December, let's hear from Pieter Vandenheede, a runner up in our 2020 'Experience Forests, Experience PEFC' photo contest. Pieter tells us how his photo 'Traveling in your own country' came about and why our forests are so important. How do you feel about forests, both professionally and personally? I feel very strongly about forests.…
Best Use of Certified Timber Prize – WAF and PEFC announce the winner
As featured by PEFC International The wait is finally over! On November 30 2021 the World Architecture Festival and PEFC awarded the Best Use of Certified Timber Prize. During an online session, PEFC Deputy CEO Michael Berger revealed Scion Innovation Hub, Te Whare Nui o Tuteata by RTA Studio/Irving Smith Architects as the winner. Located in New Zealand, Scion Innovation Hub was chosen as the most outstanding of…


Engine, gear box, clutch There are 34 products.
Motorcycles: Jawa 638, 639, 640. Length: 965 / 850 mm.Color: black. Price per piece. P/N Jawa: 638-46-010. Made in CZ. Material: plastic / wire rope.
Motorcycles: Jawa 638, 639, 640. Dimensions: 50 x 16 mm. Diameter: 10.2 mm inner.Both side opened. Price per piece. 2 pieces needed for one motorcycle. P/N Mototechna: 908-160450. P/N Jawa: 638-12-028. Made in CZ. Material: steel. Other: Hardened. Cemented. Grinded. Surface finishing: without.
Motorcycles: Jawa 638, 639, 640. Dimensions: 176 mm. Thread: M10. Price per piece. 8 pieces needed for one motorcycle. P/N Mototechna: 662-009120. P/N Jawa: 638-11-023. Made in CZ. Material: strenght steel. Surface finishing: zinc.
Motorcycles: Jawa 638, 639, 640. Length: 35 mm. Price per set of 3 or 5 pieces. 3 / 5 pieces needed for one motorcycle. P/N Mototechna: 662-158110.P/N Jawa: 315 114 516 300. Made in CZ. Material: spring steel. Surface finishing: without.
Motorcycles: Jawa 634, 638, 639, 640. Length: 830 mm. Color: black. Price per piece. Made in CZ.
Motorcycles: Jawa 634, 638, 639, 640. Length: 1030 mm. Color: black. Price per piece. P/N Mototechna: 661-981091. P/N Jawa: 451 9 634 40 115. Made in CZ.


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Q: Migrated Task on Server 2016 Task Scheduler rejected because of missed task start this question maybe is connected too (Windows Server 2016 scheduled task schedule must be in future) but the issue is still there at our side...
We too migrated from Server 2012 R2 to a new Server 2016 and our Monthly Reboot tasks are not running because of this error.
We have all patches installed as i am aware of and we still face this issue.
The error is

Task Scheduler did not launch task "\Folder\Reboot_All_Server" as it missed its schedule. Consider using the configuration option to start the task when available, if schedule is missed.

The task category is

Missed task start rejected

because this task in critical we cannot activate the option Run task as soon as possible after a scheduled start is missed
Since this worked on Server 2012 this has to work on Server 2016 too...
The Task is configured as
Run whether user is logged on or not

Begin the task: On a schedule
Monthly Start 03/03/2019 00:01:00 on First Sunday

Start a program C:\Folder\Reboot_All_Server.cmd

Allow task to be run on demand
Stop the task if it runs longer than: 8 hours
If the running task does not end when requested, force it to stop
Do not start a new instance

All other options are not enabled (no tick)

Do you have any idea how to solve this issue?
Any known KB Update that has to be installed seperately?

A: Issue was recognized by microsoft as a bug in the task scheduler code and a hotfix is in work.
Workaround is: Use other start-date that is not in the DST time change range, (or use the checkbox 'synchronize across timezone' to prevent DST time calculations)
Workaround works also if the start-date is in the past.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tertiary crusher Crusher that On Discovery Channel''s series Dirty Jobs, large rock crusher machines break up rock into different pieces.
Used Mobile Concrete Crusher. It can be divided into fixed concrete waste production line and mobile one. primary, secondary and tertiary crusher.


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May 2, 2012 | Uncategorized
Congress Takes Up Science, Energy Appropriations Bills
By eachampi
Last week, various appropriations committees in the House and Senate began the process of marking up funding bills for FY 2013 affecting the National Science Foundation, NASA, the Departments of Energy and Transportation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and other agencies. The full Senate committee has marked up the Commerce, Justice, Science (CJS) bill and the Transportation and HUD bill; House subcommittees have marked up their own CJS bill and their Energy and Water bill.
So far, many of the feared cuts have not yet materialized. Both chambers would provide increases of approximately 3 percent above FY 2012 levels to NSF, and approximately 10 percent increases to NIST. Both funding increases would fall somewhat short of the President's request. Both chambers also seek partial restoration of funding to NASA's planetary science account, which was cut by 20 percent in the President's budget. The House would grant NASA's overall science budget a very small increase, while the Senate would trim NASA science by about 1 percent; both chambers would be more generous than the President's budget in this regard. The Senate also proposes shifting weather satellite funding to NASA from NOAA, while the House bill does not contain this proposal. For the Department of Energy (DOE) budget, the House would be much less generous than the Administration. The DOE Office of Science budget would be cut by about 1 percent, while both ARPA-E and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy would be cut by at least 20 percent. All three energy agencies are slated for large increases under the President's request. It is not yet clear how the House will rectify these higher spending levels with the relatively more austere budget approved by the full House.
This week, the full House Appropriations Committee will take up the Energy and Water bill, while the Senate Energy and Water subcommittee will mark up its own version of the bill. The spending bills for other agencies have not yet emerged.
AAAS Policy Alert
Published in Uncategorized.
EPA Reports on U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions	Renewable Electricity Futures Study

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Five by Friday: Top Characters on Current TV Shows
Welcome to Five by Friday! All of us here at Avenging Force watch a good amount of TV, and love it when we find a show where the characters feel like fully-formed people. Some of them we want to be best friends with, while others should probably be kept at a safe distance, but every one of these characters keeps us faithfully tuning into their show week after week, anxious to see what they'll do next.
Join us in the comments or on your own blog–we've even provided a graphic for you, which you can either save to your own space or link from tinypic using the following HTML code: <*/a> Just remove the asterisks, and you're all set!
5. Frank Castle/Punisher, Daredevil (Netflix)
The only reason Frank is not higher on this list is because he's only had one season in which to establish himself, but what a season it was. Although Daredevil had an overall uneven second season, Jon Bernthal's portrayal of Frank Castle was a constant highlight. While Punisher rides the line between anti-hero and outright villain, he was portrayed so sympathetically that by the end of the season, I was rooting for him more than the hero.
4. Tyrion Lannister, Game of Thrones (HBO)
I think most of the internet is agreed that Game of Thrones had a rocky fifth season. For a long time, nothing happened, and then when it did, it was kind of awful (and I mean awful in a writing way, not awful in an "everything on Game of Thrones is awful and no one is ever happy" kind of way). However, I'll keep coming back season after season as long as the show writers keep Tyrion alive. He is not the noblest character on the show, or the nicest, or the bravest, but for my money, he's the best. All Men Must Die, but if anyone can sidestep the show's foreboding tagline, it's Tyrion Lannister.
3. Lagertha, Vikings (History)
Vikings is one of those shows that flies under the radar. It airs on the History channel, a network not known for its original dramatic content, and draws not from medieval European history, with which audiences are far more familiar, but from Norse legends and historical figures. While the show is centered around the exploits of (the likely mythical) Ragnar Lothbrok, the real shining star is not Ragnar, his sons, or his warriors, but his first wife, Lagertha. As a wife, mother, shieldmaiden, and earl, Lagertha is simultaneously warm and powerful, vulnerable and ruthless. She's one of the strongest and most complex characters on TV today, female or not.
2. Ravi Chakrabarti, iZombie (CW)
It's been a long time since I found a show as consistently excellent as iZombie, and a large part of that is due to zombie protagonist Liv's co-worker and confidant, Ravi. There aren't many shows that let platonic male-female friendships flourish, but Liv and Ravi's friendship manages to be one of the central relationships of iZombie without there being even a whiff of sexual tension. Plus, Ravi's smart (and frequently nerdy) banter and zingy one-liners help keep the overall tone of the show light, even when tackling some pretty dark subject matter.
1. Cisco Ramon, The Flash (CW)
There's this phenomenon I've noticed in the Arrowverse where every character becomes instantly more likable by interacting with Cisco Ramon. While The Flash is an overall delightful show full of charming characters, Cisco has the best lines, the best facial expressions, and the best delivery of them all. What's more, his endearing personality manages to elevate every character who shares the screen with him. Whether he's coming up with codenames for the villain of the week, explaining time travel theory, or rickrolling a metahuman prisoner, he spins every line he's given into gold, and is the consistent MVP of both The Flash, and television in general.
5. Stiles Stilinski and Lydia Martin, Teen Wolf (MTV)
Yes I am a grownass woman who actually watches Teen Wolf as it airs on MTV. And I admit that I watch this show basically for these two characters, which is why they get to share the number 5 spot on my list. They're delightful, ridiculous, intelligent, and fearless. When they're together on screen the witty banter reminds of of Donna and Josh from The West Wing in the best way possible. And I will watch them fight all of the supernatural beings until the show gets cancelled.
4. Felicity Smoak, Arrow (CW)
I know most people have long since given up on Arrow (and I certainly don't blame them), but I'm still watching. And I'll continue to watch as long as Emily Bett Rickards continues to charm and delight me with her portrayal of Felicity. Felicity is the most compassionate and caring character on the show, but don't be fooled: she'll stand up and fight fiercely to defend those she cares about. She runs her own tech company, and creates new tech that will benefit the world. In a word, she's brilliant.
3. Edwin Jarvis, Agent Carter (ABC)
Agent Carter is one of my favorite hours on TV, and as much as I adore Peggy, Jarvis is the reason I keep coming back to the show. He's an utter delight and the perfect foil to the more brash and impulsive Peggy. He's far from trained as a spy, yet he more than willingly accompanies Peggy on most of her adventures, often providing crucial assistance. His dry sense of humor and impeccable comedic timing leave me cracking up every time he's on screen. Not to mention, he someone how manages to put up with both Howard Stark and his flamingos.
Vikings is one of the best shows on TV that I always feel like not enough people are watching (Maybe because it's on the History channel and people don't know it's there because they associate the channel with Hitler and the Aliens Guy?). In a show that centers around the fictional Norse Viking Ragnar and the exploits and victories of his people, it's Lagertha who draws me in. As a shieldmaiden she fights just as fiercely as the men, as an Earl she rules sternly but justly, and as a mother she shows warmth and compassion. She's exactly who I want to be when I grow up.
Oh, Cisco. There are many, many compelling reasons why everyone should be watching The Flash (endearing characters, solid storylines, intriguing villains, giant gorillas), but Cisco is at the top of the list. He has most of the best lines on the show, delivering zingers and creating catchy codenames for the villain of the week with the same amount of charm. Besides, how can you not love someone who gleefully rickrolls a captive metahuman as a form of payback?
5. Rogelio de la Vega, Jane the Virgin (CW)
If you're not watching Jane the Virgin, you're missing out on some of the snappiest writing on television. This show goes a mile a minute, in true telenovela fashion, and the absurdity of the format is best captured in Rogelio de la Vega, telenovela megastar. He is a caricature, extreme in every regard, but he comes with an enormous heart, which keeps him firmly planted on this side of ridiculous. His desire to be close with his family and to be a part of his daughter and grandson's lives despite their disparate lifestyles makes him a beacon of delight in what is already a stellar cast of characters. Hashtag Success.
4. Davos Seaworth, Game of Thrones (HBO)
My relationship with Game of Thrones is long and storied. As a book reader, some of the things HBO's showrunners have done haven't sat well with me, and my "favorite character" has changed quite a few times over the course of these seasons, because as we all know: in the Game of Thrones, you either win or you die. And a lot of my favorites over time haven't won much of anything, except perhaps the bad luck lottery (I miss you, dead half of the Stark family). Anyway, at this point in the game, my favorite is actually Davos Seaworth. He's the only character in Stannis Baratheon's entire storyline that cared for Shireen (clarification: on the show. Book Stannis vs. Show Stannis is a topic for another time), he shows wisdom and foresight in his endeavor to learn to read, and he seems to be one of the very few characters in the entire overstuffed cast that has any common sense at all.
I'm not even caught up on this show yet (I'm still recovering from The Event of Which We Shall Not Speak in season 3) but Lagertha has quickly shot up my list of favorites. She's a no-nonsense shieldmaiden, as fierce in her personal relationships as she is on the battlefield, and she has the coolest hair in Scandinavia (I would know. It's the land of my people). She is patient, she is resilient, and she is not to be crossed. Every time someone tries, I want to pull out the popcorn gifs, because I just know that there is a swift and brutal retribution coming, and that she will come out victorious. Honestly, I want to be Lagertha.
Cisco Ramon, to my mind, is one of those rare characters that combines fantastic writing with fantastic acting to give you something that in all likelihood is a flash in the pan. I am confident that in another actor's hands, the same lines would fall flat or feel like they were trying too hard, but in the masterful hands of Carlos Valdez they are perfection. Cisco is the guy on The Flash who talks the way the fans of The Flash do. He gives villains their names, he cracks jokes and makes pop culture references all the time, and he's not afraid to give his opinion of others or tell his friends a hard truth when they need to hear it. He's that one friend that we all have, the one who's always making us laugh, but who we know will drop anything to make sure everything's all right in a crisis.
1. Peggy Carter, Agent Carter (ABC)
I love Peggy Carter. She takes no crap from anyone, she's confident, she's brilliant, and most of all she is completely dismissive of judgment or derision leveled at her by other people. She is a role model for women who aspire to be completely comfortable in their own skin. She's one of those people that owns a room simply by walking into it. She's defused a bomb using items from her bathroom cupboard, she outsmarts everyone that tries to cross her, and when necessary she will slug someone twice her size without hesitation. She's a powerhouse, and I'm glad we get someone as great as her on television at all. We are all lucky to know Peggy Carter.
Five by Friday, Television agent carter, Arrow, daredevil, Game of Thrones, izombie, jane the virgin, Teen Wolf, The Flash, vikings. permalink.
Sarah Watches TNG: Part 1
See You On the Other Side of the Drift: Who's Your Hamilton Jaeger Co-Pilot?


Visually impaired people usually rely on mobile apps such as the KNFB Reader that translates text to speech. The app reads the page out loud through a photo taken. But sometimes it is difficult to ensure that the photo captures all the text and apps can have trouble reading a complex layout such as a menu or newspaper.
A device, nicknamed HandSight, developed by a team from the University of Maryland, can now help. A tiny camera measuring one millimetre across sits on the tip of the finger, while the rest of the device clasps onto the finger and wrist. The user just has to follow a line of text with their finger and a nearby computer reads it out.
Audio cues such as pitch changes or haptic buzzes such as gentle vibrations help the reader to stay in line with the text. So far, 19 people have tested the technology out, spending a couple of hours reading passages from a magazine-style page and a school textbook. On average, 63 to 81 words per minute were read and only a few words were missed.
An over-the-counter conception kit, called The Stork, was found that is it 20% as effective as the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) method. The new data comes just two years after the device's launch, whereby hundreds of couples all over the world have cited positive results.
The device costs £100 in the UK and US$80 in the US, a stark comparison to IVF, which costs at least £5,000 in the UK and US$12,000 in the US. The data states that the kit has helped 150 British couples since its launch and other couples globally as it is sold in the US and Australia as well.
However, experts believe that the figure could be much higher as parents are unwilling to share their own experience - as infertility is an intensely private and personal issue. The data is solely based on couples who voluntarily contacted the company.
The Stork uses intra-cervical insemination to increase chances of becoming pregnant.
Hands-on experiences for medical students and graduates are vital and with the rates of body donors dropping, cadavers are limited. To address the problem, Richard Arm, a researcher from Nottingham Trent University has created a very realistic medical dummy that surgeon trainees can practice with.
The dummy's skin and organs are made from silicone gel and fibres, creating a realistic look and feeling. The dummy also has artificial blood running through its 'veins' and has air pumped into the lungs, imitating a breathing patient.
The realistic imitations can also learn how to mentally prepare for surgeries. The prototype is still under development and Arm is looking to include a brain, eyes and pancreas by December 2017.
A team of Singaporean researchers from the National Neuroscience Institute (NNI) have developed a new tool to gauge the risk of developing dementia-like symptoms, allowing early intervention.
The score sheet looks at indicators such as a person's age, level of education, stroke history and degree of brain shrinkage after stroke. 400 people have been tested so far, proving the effectiveness of the score sheet.
It is currently undergoing further validation, but the plan is to implement the sheet as a routine screening process for all stroke patients at NNI.
The focus has traditionally been on recovering from post-stroke physical impairment, said Prof Nagaendran, who is from NNI's neurology department. "Very little attention has been given to the mental status, but a lot of patients and their caregivers suffer because of this mental impairment."
The University of Rochester Medical Centre suggests that a drug that is currently used for multiple sclerosis can be used for the treatment of traumatic nerve injuries that are sustained in car accidents, sports injuries, or in combat.
The drug, 4-aminopyridine (4AP) has been studied for 30 years for use in treatment of chronic disease but shows beneficial signs for acute nerve injury and that its benefits remain even after the treatment has stopped.
The drug helps in the repair of myelin, which traumatic nerve injuries remove or damage. When 4AP is taken daily, the myelin damage is repaired and nerve function returns. The effect was only shown in mice.


Legal firm Gillespie Macandrew has expanded its Glasgow base with the opening of new premises in the city centre, less than four years since it first moved into the city.
The new office, at 163 West George Street, more than doubles its footprint in Glasgow. Headed by commercial property partner Greg Peebles and construction and dispute resolution partner Isobell Reid, the Glasgow team has seen considerable growth since it was established in 2015, and now serves a commercial real estate, housebuilder, energy, and land and rural client base in the west.
The expansion forms part of the firm's strategy to grow its Glasgow presence across its core areas of practice, which also include private client.
The firm also has offices in Edinburgh and Perth.


The main purposes of the Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital are to promote economic cooperation between countries and encourage foreign investments.
Beginning from 2008 Georgia has initiated and concluded DTA agreements with its major trade partners. Georgian draft agreement is based on 2008 OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital, according to which taxing rights are distributed between treaty partners. Particularly, resident of one Contracting State deriving income from the other Contracting state may be taxed whether in the source state of income or in the country of residence.
For the avoidance of double taxation, resident of one Contracting State deriving income from the other Contracting State will be credited against tax in the source state. DTA agreement also regulates issues regarding the prevention of fiscal evasion by means of implementing internationally recognized standards of exchange of information for tax purposes.


EXETER, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Jun. 22, 2018-- Senator Jean Fuller (R-Bakersfield), Frontier Communications, and the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Sequoias joined to announce expanded broadband Internet services to digitally-underserved communities in the San Joaquin Valley through the federal Connect America Fund (CAF). Senate Republican Leader Emeritus Fuller has been a champion for expanded access to broadband for her constituents.
With a long history of serving some of the most rural, high-cost, and hard-to-serve communities in California, Frontier is committed to connecting communities with broadband and bringing $228 million in federal funds to expand broadband availability across California by 2020. Expanded access includes newly enabled broadband to 13,000 households in the 16th Senate District. The enhancements include high-speed Internet availability to more than 3,800 households in Exeter, California and the remainder in surrounding communities including Alpaugh, Dunlap, Fowler, Lemon Cove, Lindsay, Miramonte, Reedley, Sanger, and Tivy Valley.
Frontier's CAF deployment with $38 million per year for six years is making broadband available to households in some of the most remote and sparsely populated parts of the state, from the San Joaquin Valley to the Mojave Desert to the mountains of Northern California: locations where it is economically unfeasible to deploy broadband infrastructure without public support.
Following the announcements, Senator Fuller joined leaders from Frontier and the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Sequoias for a ribbon-cutting ceremony celebrating the installation of a public Wi-Fi hotspot and dedication of a brand-new computer lab for youth educational purposes at the Boys and Girls Club in Exeter. The no-cost Wi-Fi hotspot provided by Frontier delivers high-speed Internet service to the entire Boys and Girls Club and computer workstations provide access to technology, digital literacy training and internet access for youth education.
In addition to establishing free Wi-Fi in underserved areas throughout California, Frontier also offers Frontier Fundamental low-cost access to high-speed internet. The offering includes a Chromebook laptop for qualifying households while supplies last. A display table and program information was available at the event.
Broadband availability enables businesses and consumers to take full advantage of the benefits of Internet connectivity including online education, healthcare, vital information resources and entertainment. The company is actively marketing its new and enhanced offerings that provide customers with more choices and affordable connectivity options. Interested consumers can call 1-855-901-4497 or visit https://internet.frontier.com/services to check availability and plan pricing.
About Senator Jean Fuller: State Senator Fuller represents the 16th Senate District, which is comprised of large portions of Kern, Tulare and San Bernardino Counties including the communities of Bakersfield, Barstow, California City, Exeter, Frazier Mountain, Joshua Tree, Mojave, Needles, Ridgecrest, Rosamond, Taft, Tehachapi, Twentynine Palms, Tulare, Visalia, Yucca Valley and areas in the Kern River Valley.
About The Boys & Girls Clubs of the Sequoias: The Boys & Girls Club of the Sequoias currently serves youth in the communities of Visalia, Tulare, Ivanhoe, Farmersville, Exeter, Porterville, and Strathmore. In 2017, BGCS reached over 3,500 youth throughout Tulare County providing them with meaningful mentoring with caring staff and participation in life-changing programs. To learn more about the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Sequoias, or to support its youth-focused programs, visit the web site at www.bgcsequoias.org.
About Frontier Communications: Frontier Communications Corporation (NYSE:FTR, news, filings) is a leader in providing communications services to urban, suburban, and rural communities in 29 states. Frontier offers a variety of services to residential customers over its fiber-optic and copper networks, including video, high-speed internet, advanced voice, and Frontier Secure® digital protection solutions. Frontier Business™ offers communications solutions to small, medium, and enterprise businesses. More information about Frontier is available at www.frontier.com.


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Top Things to Do in Melbourne With Kids
Melbourne has consistently been voted as one of the top cities in the world to live in, which is why it's no surprise that the city has also long been a top vacation destination for families. With an easily walkable center, mild year-round weather, and a wide array of kids' activities, Melbourne is a magnet for families looking for an unforgettable but practical vacation.
You'll find plenty of things to do in Melbourne with kids that even parents enjoy. Nature lovers can explore the many animal sanctuaries, botanic gardens, and farms just outside of the city center. If you're most interested in creative pursuits, head to Melbourne's top-notch museums, where the focus is on interactive exhibits and fun learning. Meanwhile, sports fans have a number of local teams and stadiums to choose from.
Before you book your next vacation to Australia's Garden City, see this list of things to do in Melbourne with kids, which includes everything from sky-high sightseeing to shark diving and playing with penguins.
Expand Their Minds At The Melbourne Museum
Spend The Day At St. Kilda Beach
Go Hiking At You Yangs Regional Park
Visit Koalas And Kangaroos At Healesville Sanctuary
Admire The Flowers At The Dandenong Ranges Botanic Garden
Feel Like You're On Top Of The World At Eureka Skydeck
Munch On Street Food And Snacks At The Queen Victoria Market
Learn About Sports Legends At The Melbourne Cricket Ground
Hunt For Ghosts At The Old Melbourne Gaol
Nurture Your Green Thumb At The Royal Botanic Gardens
Play With Marine Animals At The Melbourne Sea Life Aquarium
Let Their Imagination Run Wild At The Interaxcity Museum
Sail The Yarra River On An Electric Boat
The Melbourne Museum is one place you won't have to worry about kids touching and poking things on display, since the exhibitions were made for interaction. Your kids can explore the fun rooms to choose from, including a space dedicated to the world of insects filled with live tarantulas and other multi-legged creatures, an exhibit on the inner workings of the mind and body, and a children's play gallery for kids five years and under, where they can excavate fossils and dance on the camouflage disco with lights that turn them into striped and spotted animals.
The museum even has autism-friendly programs for kids, including a map detailing high and low sensory spaces inside and special stories that parents can download beforehand, which walk them through what they will encounter at the museum.
St. Kilda Beach
Just outside of Melbourne's city center (also known as the CBD) is St. Kilda Beach, a fun seaside neighborhood with tons of activities for families. Aside from typical beach activities, older kids can visit Luna Park Melbourne, a theme park with Ferris wheels, roller coasters, bumper cars, free-falling drop rides, and more.
Head to the St. Kilda Pier and try to spot penguins at dusk or sunset, then grab a meal at one of the eclectic restaurants nearby.
You Yangs Regional Park
Take a day trip out to You Yangs Regional Park, a natural playground for budding climbers and bike riders located only an hour outside of Melbourne. Climb on top of the large granite rocks found throughout the park, or explore the mountain bike trails for all levels of riders.
Hike up Flinders Peak and enjoy a family picnic while taking in the view at the top of the park. If you're lucky, you might even spot some of the animals that are known to live in the area, like koalas, kangaroos, wallabies, and echidnas.
Healesville Sanctuary
Visiting the Healesville Sanctuary, a conservation and zoo, is one of the best things to do in Melbourne with kids, where they can see all kinds of animal species native to Australia. Walk around the main track of the sanctuary and spot emu birds, parrots, and reptiles. In Dingo Country, learn all about this threatened species that are somewhat related to wolves. At Kangaroo Island, find out more about this iconic animal and take a photo inside a giant kangaroo pouch.
Dandenong Ranges Botanic Garden
Smell the flowers at the Dandenong Ranges Botanic Garden, a gorgeous space home to thousands of rhododendrons, azaleas, camellias, daffodils, and more. Set up a picnic with the little ones, and once you're done eating, create a fun scavenger hunt by having them search for flowers and plants of different shapes and colors. But remind them: no picking!
Eureka Tower
Experience the city from a bird's-eye view with a trip up the towering Eureka Skydeck, the tallest vantage point in all of Melbourne. Standing 285 meters above the ground, the Eureka Skydeck is located on the 88th floor of the building, where panoramic windows allow the entire family to take in 360-degree views of the city. More daring kids will want to try out the heart thrilling Edge Experience, where you board a glass dome that extends out from the tower and leaves you suspended 88 stories above Melbourne.
Queen Victoria Market
The open-air Queen Victoria Market is a wonderful place to enjoy a delicious snack, shop for gifts, and enjoy a fun day outdoors with family. There are over 60 street food stands and almost 100 artisanal and design stalls for parents to discover, while kids can sign up for a one-hour guided tour, where they'll meet traders, learn more about Melbourne' fresh produce and history, and be treated to one of the market's famous hot jam doughnuts at the end.
Melbourne Cricket Stadium
Attend a thrilling live sports match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, a stadium that dates back to 1853. Aside from being the home to cricket and football matches, the Melbourne Cricket Ground is also Australia's largest sports stadium and served as the main arena for the 1956 Olympic Games, the 2006 Commonwealth Games, and Papal and royal visits. Even if there isn't a match scheduled at the G, as locals like to call it, you should still try and squeeze in a tour of the stadium and learn more about its rich history.
Built in the mid-1800s, the Old Melbourne Gaol served as a prison for dangerous criminals and the mentally ill. Learn more about this dark chapter of Australia's history by going on one of the gaol's creepy night tours, where you can hear about the ghosts who roam the property, visit the original cell block, and listen to scary stories told by a hangman.
For some lighter fun, try and solve a murder mystery by signing up for the Old Melbourne Gaol Cluedo Experience, where you'll search for clues and examine evidence. Keep in mind, some of the scarier activities have minimum age requirements, so this is an experience best suited for older kids and teenagers.
Find peace and quiet at the Royal Botanic Gardens, a green oasis that spans over 38 hectares and features over 50,000 different types of plants. For kids interested in gardening, The Children's Garden is a great place for them to interact with nature. There's a Wetland Area, a Bamboo Forest, a Kitchen Garden with a wide variety of vegetables, and a Plant Tunnel that will help deepen their relationship with nature, learn more about conservation, and foster their sense of environmental responsibility.
SEA Life Melbourne Aquarium
One of the best things to do in Melbourne with kids is to visit the Melbourne Sea Life Aquarium, where there are unique activities for all ages to enjoy.
Don't just see penguins—get up close and play with these fun creatures in the icy Penguin Playground. Learn about the importance of coral reefs at the Coral Atoll, where you'll find hundreds of schools of tropical fish. Toddlers can interact with shells and sea stars at the Discovery Rockpools or play around with the Interactive Wonderwall, a digital projection that simulates water movement.
Teenagers can dive into the water and swim with sharks at the Shark Dive Xtreme, where they'll spend half an hour with nurse sharks, sawfish, and sandbar whalers. If you're looking for an activity for the entire family, board a glass-bottom boat, where you can spot sharks, feed stingrays, and see other marine animals.
Put down the screens and take your kids to Interaxcity, a children's museum and miniature city, where they can pretend to be grownups and take on any number of jobs and activities. Let their creativity run wild as they dress up and act like doctors, construction workers, and chefs. Watch them go grocery shopping at the supermarket, pilot an airplane, deliver the mail, and exchange money. These entertaining sessions are more than just fun and games, they're also excellent in fostering development and interpersonal skills in young children.
Yarra River
If you're spending summer in Australia, the Yarra River should not be missed. It's considered the heart and soul of Melbourne, where you'll find the Royal Botanic Gardens, the MCG, and the Arts Centre. Explore the river and the restaurants and stores that line its waters by taking your family on an electric boat ride. This fun boating experience is a great way to tour the city in a kid-friendly way. You can even bring along food and drinks for a waterfront picnic along the way.
Read: Best Cruise Destinations for Kids
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The best way to explore this vibrant city is with a luxury cruise to Melbourne. On a guided shore excursion, you'll be able to choose from the experiences that suit your family.
On a family-friendly cruise to Australia with Celebrity, you'll discover the best destinations in the country while experiencing world-class dining, thrilling entertainment, and luxurious accommodations on board. Browse cruise itineraries on our website and book your unforgettable vacation today.
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I was very fond of seeing movies and listening to the songs since childhood.Those days,children were not allowed to see films,unlike today. If at all a film is to be seen,the children had to go with their mother,aunt, grandmother or some such female relative and the film would invariably be something like Ram Ravan Yudh or Bakasur ki Maut.
Hyderabad state,where I spent my early years was ruled by a Muslim king-The Nizam(Ala Hazarat).There were some social customs,like Burkha,which reflected in the social lives of the citizen.
For example, in almost every theatre,there used to be a special class-"Zanana Class".It was made out of the half of the Balcony class with a wall partition between them.The frontal portion facing the screen had a thick curtain,which was removed after the film started and covered again after the film ended,thus protecting the women spectators from the prying eyes of the public.
Same procedure was for Interval period also.Only women and small children were allowed in this subsidised class.A special 'Curtain Mover' used to be the in charge of this and the Zanana Class.
Usually a She -Male or a He -Female (don't know which) was appointed for women's safety.This type of arrangement was also available in other Muslim states like,Junagarh,Bhawalpur,Lucknow,Bhopal etc.Women used to make lot of noise and at times there were big quarrels,when the films were stopped,curtain moved, peace restored and the films were restarted.
I was lucky to start seeing films independently from the end of 40s. Usually,it was from the school directly. Every Friday to Sunday,there used to be a Morning show from 11 am. In this,the tickets were almost half rates, like 4 annas, 6 annas, 12 annas etc. Thus I was able to see many films of 30s and 40s, till about 1955-56 or so.
Once I went to college, then took up the job and other priorities of life,I saw less films,but never missing an opportunity to see older films and making notes. From 1980 onwards, I stopped seeing films, and when I retired in 1998, I dug out my old collections. I have not visited a theatre after 1980 and yet to see how a Multiplex looks like. I saw few films on TV and players.
In the initial era of Talkie films, Calcutta's New Theatres and Poona's Prabhat were the most well known film makers. They used to make films on social issues. Particularly, Prabhat was famous for keeping their films centred on the Reform themes like,Dowry, Child Marriage, Second Marriage, Cast difference etc.From the mid 30s one more company came into limelight and that was Bombay Talkies- founded by Himanshu Rai and Devika Rani. They also followed the trend and films on social issues like Untouchability, illiteracy etc were made. Today's song is from a film made by Bombay Talkies- Jeewan Prabhat-37.
This was also a film dealing with Caste differences and second marriage. In this film,however, it was shown that the Caste difference stayed and the proposed second marriage got cancelled. I would say, it was quite a realistic depiction of the Indian mindset, because even after hundreds of years, the caste differences exist today, while the other social ills like child marriage, dowry, illiteracy etc are controlled to a greater extent. It would not be wrong to say that as long as the Reservation Policies exist, caste differences will continue to exist-with official support !
Film Jeewan Prabhat-37 was directed by the German Director Franz Osten. The Music Director was Saraswati Devi and lyrics and dialogues were by J.S.Casshyap. The screen play was by Niranjan Pal- Himanshu Rai's friend since their London days. Kishor Sahu and Renuka Devi made their Debut in this film. Others in the cast were Mumtaz Ali,Prithwiraj kapoor, Maya Devi and M.Nazeer etc etc. The film was released on 2-11-1937 at Minerva Talkies in Bombay. Baburao Patel of Film India, in its December 1937 issue had not much good about this film. He, in fact, criticised both the Debutantes, for their acting calling them as ' disappointments '. However, the film did good business and ran for 17 weeks in Bombay.
Unlike Prabhat or New Theatres, Bombay Talkies produced their films in quick time. This film-Jeewan prabhat- was made in just 2 months. Their most popular film Achhut kanya-36 was made in 6 months. This was possible due to self sufficient facilities, good planning, modern equipment and total involvement of the staff. Franz Osten's speed and his planning was such that in the span of just 4 years, Franz directed 16 films for Bombay Talkies !
The Debut making actress Renuka Devi was one of a kind. I am not only surprised,but awed and terribly impressed,when I went through her Autobiography " A woman of substance-Begum Khursheed Mirza ".
Begum Khursheed Mirza is none other than the famous Heroine of the 30s and 40s-Renuka Devi ( 4-3-1918 to 8-2-1989 ). She was perhaps one of the most educated, upper class, sophisticated and highly cultured Muslim lady, who ever joined the film industry then. One more striking feature of Renuka Devi was that she was one of the very few actresses,who joined the films after their marriage. The other such examples I remember offhand is that of Meenakshi Shirodkar (Bramhachari-38 fame), Shobhana Samarth and actress Neena ( real name Shahida-wife of Mohsin Abdulla, brother of Renuka Devi and later wife of W.Z.Ahmed) in those times.
Renuka Devi had studied upto Masters degree in English Literature,from Aligarh Muslim University. The only other nearest example I remember offhand is that of actress Vanmala (real name Susheela Devi Pawar), who had done B.A and B.T. and was a Teacher in the college before joining films,at the behest of writer,journalist and Director P.K.Atre.
The story of Renuka Devi is quite interesting. Khursheed Jehan was born in Aligarh on 4-3-1918, to Shaikh Abdulla and his wife Waheed Jehan Beg. She was the 6th of the 7 siblings. Her father Shaikh Abdulla (1874-1965) was originally a Hindu. He was the son of a rich Jahagirdar and Landlord from Poonch,Kashmir. They were Kashmiri Brahmins. His name was Thakur Das. He embraced Islam in 1890, while studying in Aligarh. When his family learnt about it, he was disowned by them. He took the name Shaikh Abdulla.
He became a leading Advocate of Aligarh. After he married Waheed Jehan Beg,they both- being of progressive thinking- decided to work for the Muslim women's education. They faced lot of resistance from the fundamentalists,but they established a Muslim women's college in Aligarh. To provide students for this college,a school was also started for Muslim girls. soon the girls started joining the school and college. Shaikh Abdulla ensured that all his children were educated. One daughter became a Doctor,another Advocate and two daughters did master's degrees and later on became Principals of the women's college. Khursheed also studied upto masters but due to her marriage could not complete it. ( she completed her Masters in English Litterateur in 1963,at the age of 45 years,later).
Khursheed Jehan was married to Akbar Mirza,a Police Officer in Aligarh. Soon she gave birth to 2 sons also.
Her brother Mohsin Abdulla was working in Bombay Talkies,at Bombay. He used to describe how professional these studios were. Khursheed was 21 year old and beautiful. She desired to work in films. She wrote a letter to Devika Rani expressing her desire. This she did, without informing her husband. She received a letter from Devika Rani, inviting her to Bombay for an interview. Now she confided in her husband and he wholeheartedly supported her.
Thus started her acting career. She was 21 years,married and had 2 children too. Her first film was ' Jeewan Prabhat"-37. She was given the name RENUKA DEVI. This was a Debut film for Kishore Sahu. Bombay Talkies bosses were very happy with her performance and she was offered a Heroine's role opposite Jairaj in film " Bhabhi"-1939. Jairaj was also from a rich background,cultured and highly educated. Their tuning was excellent and the film was a grand success. Renuka also sang few songs in Bhabhi-39. ( when the news of her acting in films reached Aligarh,there was a hue and cry. Her mother wrote to Renuka,'not to visit Aligarh for now'. Renuka did not go to Aligarh for next 2 years).
She was invited to Calcutta By New Theatres to act in film, Badi Didi-39. Her other films were Naya Sansar-41 (Ashok kumar), Sahara-43 (S D Narang), Ghulami-45 ( Masood Parvez) and Samrat Chandragupta-45 ( Ishwarlal ). her film career was very short. She announced her retirement from films in February 1944,while shooting for her last films. She did only 7 films and sang only 3 songs in 3 films.
After partition,her family migrated to Pakistan. In Pakistan,though in demand,she refused to do any films. Instead,she decided to devote her time for women's uplift,education,welfare and social work. She also did some work on Pakistan Radio.
When TV came to Pakistan,she became very active and for next 15-20 years she was a popular figure on Pak TV. In 1963,she completed her Master's degree,at the age of 45 years. From August 1982 to April 1983,she published 9 instalments of her autobiography in the popular magazine " Herald " as " The uprooted sapling". This was,later on,edited and published as a Book, " A woman of substance- the memoirs of Begum Khursheed Mirza ", by her daughter Lubna,in 2004. Renuka Devi died on 8-2-1989 at Lahore after a prolonged illness.
1) Back in the Thirties, acting in films was not considered an honourable profession for anybody. And for a married woman from a well-educated and respectable upper-middle class Muslim family, it was forbidden to even think about it. But Khurshid Mirza, the daughter of the founders of the Aligarh Women's College, the wife of a police officer and already a mother of two, was too free-spirited to be tied down by any social norm. I took the plunge and soon a star named Renuka Devi was born.
2) In 1939, Shanta Apte wrote that she received four or five letters each day from young girls wanting to join the movies "due perhaps to this monetary attraction". Actresses themselves acknowledged in interviews that the money was substantial and more than one actress claimed that her salary rivalled that of the Governor of Bombay! But aside from several myth-building exercises, it is now apparent that film acting was a uniquely high-paying profession for women. According to Filmindia, Shobhana Samarth's approximate total income in 1942 was Rs 36,000 while Sardar Akhtar, Naseem Banu, and Madhuri earned about Rs 30,000 each. These figures indicate that leading heroines of the day averaged an income of Rs 3,000-4,000 per month (some actresses were freelancers and did not work through the year), at a time when a French chiffon sari cost Rs 9, and a brand new imported Studebaker cost Rs 6,000. It is hardly surprising then, that I would want to make "a little dough".
3) Akbar stood by me in the face of stiff opposition from both our families. Nevertheless, he maintained a strange attitude towards my work. He enjoyed the benefits the money brought us, such as a new car, expensive game-hunts, and pleasure trips to fashionable Mussoorie in summer and excellent schooling for our children. And, yet, he treated my work as a hobby, instead of giving it its due importance.
( My thanks to the book,"A woman of substance ", some information from " Free Library",Cineplot and my own notes).
One more name Maya Devi may be new to readers. Maya Devi was from Bombay and started her career from silent films in 1928 with Anarkali by imperial. Her first Talkie film was Kunwari ya widhva-35. Her real name was Leela. She became a favourite of Bombay Talkies and she did 6 films with them in 37 and 38. In all she did 5 silent films and 31 Talkie films till 1949. She got married with a Muslim and then migrated to Pakistan, where she did 19 films and then retired in 1964. She died in Lahore on 1-2-67. She did films in Gujarati and Punjabi also.( info from pakfilms.com).
The story of film Jeewan Prabhat-37 was……..
In this film Uma (Devika Rani) is born in a high caste Brahmin family,but falls in love with a boy of Kumhar caste(Potters).Her love with Ramu (Kishore Sahu) leads them nowhere as there is a great opposition to this from all sides. They realise that their love will lead them nowhere. Finally Uma is married off to Nandlal (Prithviraj kapoor), a Brahmin boy and Ramu accepts the reality.
The marriage makes the potters very happy too. Later it is rumoured that Nandlal is about to marry Padma (Chandraprabha),because Uma is a ' baanjh' (infertile). Ramu meets Uma and their meeting is seen by Nandlal. He sends Uma back to her parents. Few days later, Uma discovers that she is pregnant,but Nandlal doubts her fidelity. At the end Padma, herself understands how much Uma loves Nandlal. She withdraws from the proposed marriage. Not only this,she also convinces Nandlal about Uma's purity.
Finally, Nandlal and Uma begin a new life a new Jeevan Prabhat.
7 Responses to "Mero Lalna Jhoole Paalna, Mero Munna Jhoole Paalna"
There have been so many artistes in Hindi film world since inception.
It is treat to read factual details. Thanks for painstaking work.
This seems to be a single song of more than 6 minutes duration. Hence it is in two parts on the gramophone records.
Most online sources and the uploader (Shalin Bhatt) have identified the singer as Saraswati Devi & Chorus. I feel that there is one more female voice in the song..
—- the life story of Renuka Devi nd the story of " Jeevan Prabhat " .
Renuka's life story is simply extraordinary.
I have uploaded the complete song, and have also updated the link above. The complete lyrics both in Hindi and English are now inserted.
There are a few words in the lyrics which I have not been able to decipher correctly. I request other readers with keener ears to please help rectify / complete the wordings in the lyrics.


Funchal: a huge collection of terracotta colored rooftops, extending from coastline to the rugged mountains of Madeira. The cable car from Funchal to Monte offers you a fantastic and unique view over Funchal!
The cable car brings you to Monte: an idyllic village which really is worth exploring. You can visit the Monte Palace Tropical Garden or continue and visit another tropical garden: the Botanical Garden.
You can enjoy a ride up to Monte every day, all year round, from 9.00am to 17.45pm. Prices: €10 for a single trip for adults. They also sell combination tickets. These include entrance to one of the gardens.
For more information, take a look at the website of Teleférico do Funchal.
I fell in love with Madeira at my first visit and started MADEIRAMAZING to share my travel tips, photos and personal stories. MADEIRAMAZING is for everyone who loves travel, nature and outdoor adventures. Have a look around and feel free to leave a reaction, I would like that!


Dr. Bradford Wainwright holds a Ph.D. degree in Speech-Language Pathology from the University of Memphis, an M.S. degree in Speech-Language Pathology from the University of the District of Columbia and a B.A. degree in vocal performance from the University of Maryland – College Park. She is a specialist in adult neurogenics. Her research interests include language and cognitive aging, psychogenic voice and language disorders, and aphasia.
Myesha Carter holds M.S. and B.A. degrees from the University of the District of Columbia in Speech – Language Pathology. She is a specialist in childhood language and early intervention. She supervises Pre-clinical and Level One clinical experiences and provides instruction in language acquisition.
Weynshet Demessie is the Clinic/Office Manager and holds the B.S. degree from the University of the District of Columbia.
Tiffany C. Gurley-Nettles holds the M.S. in Speech-Language Pathology from the University of the District of Columbia and a B.S. in Public Administration and Management from Virginia State University. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in Health Psychology from Walden University. She is a specialist in adult neurological disorders with an emphasis in medical speech pathology, cognitive disorders, dysphagia, aphasia, and counseling. Her instructional and supervisory focus is Medical Speech-Language Pathology. Her research interests include post-stroke depression, cognitive traumatic encephalopathy, family caregiver stress, and cognitive aging.
Dr. Johnson received her doctorate in communication sciences and disorders with an emphasis in literacy implications for culturally and linguistically diverse populations (CLD) from Florida State University. She has experience as a research scientist and as a school-based speech-language pathologist. Dr. Johnson's primary research interests include language, literacy, and dialect usage in African American children and other CLD populations. She provides instruction in language acquisition and language disorders.
Dr. Kalunga holds a Ph.D. in Communication Sciences and Disorders from Howard University, an M.S. degree in Speech-Language Pathology from the University of the District of Columbia, and a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, UK. He specializes in language acquisition and disorders, literacy, sociolinguistics, and fluency disorders. His research emphasis is in literacy and developmental correlates.
Dr. Ottey holds a Ph.D. in Communication Sciences and Disorders from Howard University, an M.Sc. degree in Speech-Language Pathology from the University of the District of Columbia and a B.A.A. degree in Early Childhood Education from Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada. Her research interests include neurogenic motor speech disorders and pediatric neurogenic language impairments, with an emphasis in the treatment of apraxia of speech disorders. She provides instruction in neurophysiological disorders of speech and swallowing.
Dr. Ramos-Pizarro holds a Ph.D. degree in Speech-Language Pathology and Voice Science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She specializes in Voice and its Disorders and currently teaches graduate courses in Voice and Speech Science. Dr. Ramos-Pizarro is currently involved in research with colleagues in Argentina, Colombia, and Puerto Rico and her research interests include the speech patterns of persons from multicultural backgrounds and individuals in transition (transgender), evidenced-based intervention in voice disorders and voice feminization, and the use of simulation in the training of auditory-perceptual rating skills.
Kristin Spivey holds M.S. and B.S. degrees in Communication Disorders from Marshall University. She also holds an Ed.S. Degree in Early Childhood Special Education and Educational Administration. She is a specialist in childhood language and school-based services. She supervises Level One and Level Two clinical experiences, with a focus on the communication needs of children K-12.
Dr. Telford received her Ph.D. from Howard University with a specialization in child language disorders and a concentration in sociolinguistics and psychometrics. She obtained her undergraduate degrees in Spanish and Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology from Andrews University. Dr. Telford has over seven years of experience working as a bilingual speech-language pathologist, early interventionist, and clinical supervisor. She is keenly interested in exploring and developing effective assessment and intervention methods for addressing the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse populations, particularly those from Caribbean English Creole-speaking backgrounds.


Go On Vacations With a Personal Loan!
Everyone deserves vacations but sometimes paying for them is not such an easy task. Financing your vacations with credit cards may not be such a good idea and if you have not saved enough money for that special trip, it is better to find other sources of finance. This is when personal loans come in handy as they provide funding at cheaper rates.
Getting inexpensive financing is essential, after all, vacations though very important, are not a regular expense that contributes to income. Thus, you should try to save as much money as possible and saving on interests is an excellent place to start. Thus, using a personal loan instead of credit cards is a brilliant idea.
Personal loans can be either secured or unsecured. Personal unsecured loans are widely available and can provide you with enough funds to finance your whole vacations. The interest rate charged for unsecured personal loans is high but lower than the one charged for financing with credit cards and thus, it is an excellent alternative.
Moreover, unsecured personal loans can be obtained in a short period of time. If you apply for an unsecured personal loan today, in just a couple of days you can have the money deposited into your account without much hassles. Furthermore, there are loans that can be awarded in a matter of mere hours, and you can have the money in your account by the following day.
Secured loans, on the other site will take some more time in order to be approved. Since there is a lot of documentation to be checked (especially those related to the property used as collateral), the approval process takes a bit longer than with unsecured loans. However, the loan terms of secured loans are generally speaking, more advantageous.
Secured loans carry lower interest rates than unsecured loans and come with higher loan amounts too. Besides, the repayment programs can be more flexible and longer so you can obtain lower monthly payments that are easier to afford. And when it comes to the requirements for approval, credit requirements are lessened due to the presence of collateral that reduces the risk for the lender.
There are many online personal loan lenders that can provide you with the loans you need and have fast approval processes as their business is online based. Since there are so many of them, you do not need to close on the first deal you are offered. Each loan has different loan terms and perhaps you can benefit more with a longer repayment program than with a lower interest rate.
Thus, you should request loan quotes from different lenders and compare what they have to offer. Within a short period of time you can have notes with the different loan conditions and ponder each term to see which loan best suits your needs and budget. After you have decided which loan is the best option for you, you will be able to apply online and the lender will contact you in order to finish the deal. It is as simple as that, no further hassles.


The rules, regulations and specifications for the SR2019 competition can be found in the rulebook.
The PDF may be subject to minor changes, so please ensure you're using the most up-to-date version. We will also let you know of any important changes by email.


i finally got round to going to superette and it is as good as i've heard. went there on a saturday morning after a night of one too many margaritas, so was dying for a coffee and some runny eggs. i really hate crowded restaurants and was kind of dreading that it would be packed full of the same crowd that goes to the biscuit mill market, but luckily the atmosphere was super mellow and the staff were friendly & attentive.
i opted for the poached eggs and didn't actually read the small print – so i was surprised by the mound of crispy bacon, four huge asparagus stalks, a baby marrow (with flower, yum), side salad and a generous chunk of bread… not to mention the perfectly cooked poached eggs. A+ guys.
I want to go there! It looks so awesome. Pity I'm in another city. Next visit..
… i should be ashamed!!!
and the interior … wowzers!!!!


2. What is this?What is this? This is a phone booth.
3. What is this?What is this? This is a mail box.
4. What is this?What is this? This is a petrol station.
5. What is this?What is this? This is a bus stop.
6. What is this?What is this? This is a crosswalk.
7. What is this?What is this? This is a street light.
8. What is this?What is this? This is a trash bin.
9. What is this?What is this? This is a hospital.
10. What is this?What is this? This is a shop.
11. What is this?What is this? This is a school.
12. What is this?What is this? This is a church.
13. What is this?What is this? This is a park.
14. What is this?What is this? This is a house.


text:
The term Founding Fathers of the United States of America refers broadly to those individuals of the Thirteen British Colonies in North America who led the American Revolution against the authority of the British Crown and established the United States of America. It is also used more narrowly, referring specifically to those who either signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 or who were delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention and took part in drafting the proposed Constitution of the United States.
Terminology 1
Collective biography of the Framers of the Constitution 3
Political experience 3.1
Occupations and finances 3.2
Family and finances 3.3
Demographics 3.4
Longevity and family life 3.5
Post-convention careers 3.7
Slaves and slavery 4
Lists of the Founding Fathers 6
Signers of the Continental Association (1774) 6.1
Signers of the Declaration of Independence (1776) 6.2
6.3 Signers of the Articles of Confederation (1777)
Delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention 6.4
Signers of the Constitution 6.4.1
Delegates who left the Convention without signing 6.4.2
Convention delegates who refused to sign 6.4.3
Other founders 6.5
Within the large group known as the "Founding Fathers", there are two key subsets, those who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776) and those who framed the Constitution in 1787. A further subset includes those who signed the Articles of Confederation.[1]
Some historians define the "Founding Fathers" to mean a larger group, including not only the Signers and the Framers but also all those who, whether as politicians, jurists, statesmen, soldiers, diplomats, or ordinary citizens, took part in winning American independence and creating the United States of America.[2] Historian
Use mdy dates from April 2011
Articles about multiple people
Patriots in the American Revolution
Political leaders of the American Revolution
NARA – America's founding fathers (retrieved 09-20-2010)
Founders Online: Correspondence and Other Writings of Six Major Shapers of the United States
Encyclopaedia Britannica, The Founding Fathers and Slavery (retrieved 09-20-2010)
What Happened to the Signers of the Declaration of Independence? (retrieved 09-20-2010)
"What Would the Founding Fathers Do Today?" (retrieved 09-20-2010)
, March 23, 2003.To Begin the World Anew interview with Bernard Bailyn on Booknotes
"Founding Father Quotes, Biographies, and Writings"
American National Biography Online, (2000).
Richard B. Bernstein, Are We to Be a Nation? The Making of the Constitution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987).
R. B. Bernstein, The Founding Fathers Reconsidered (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
Richard D. Brown. "The Founding Fathers of 1776 and 1787: A Collective View," William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 33, No. 3 (Jul. 1976), pp. 465–480 online at JSTOR.
Henry Steele Commager, "Leadership in Eighteenth-Century America and Today," Daedalus 90 (Fall 1961): 650–673, reprinted in Henry Steele Commager, Freedom and Order (New York: George Braziller, 1966).
Joseph J. Ellis. Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), winner of the Pulitzer Prize for History.
Joanne B. Freeman, Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001).
Jack P. Greene. "The Social Origins of the American Revolution: An Evaluation and an Interpretation," Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 88, No. 1 (Mar. 1973), pp. 1–22 online in JSTOR.
P.M.G. Harris, "The Social Origins of American Leaders: The Demographic Foundations, " Perspectives in American History 3 (1969): 159–364.
Mark E. Kann; The Gendering of American Politics: Founding Mothers, Founding Fathers, and Political Patriarchy (New York: Frederick Praeger, 1999).
Adrienne Koch; Power, Morals, and the Founding Fathers: Essays in the Interpretation of the American Enlightenment (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1961).
Frank Lambert. The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America. (Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 2003).
Martin, James Kirby. Men in Rebellion: Higher Governmental Leaders and the coming of the American Revolution, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1973; reprint, New York: Free Press, 1976).
Morris, Richard B. Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries (New York: Harper & Row, 1973).
Robert Previdi; "Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America," Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 29, 1999
Rakove, Jack. Revolutionaries: A New History of the Invention of America(Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 2010) 487 pages; scholarly study focuses on how the Founders moved from private lives to public action, beginning in the 1770s
Cokie Roberts. Founding Mothers: The Women Who Raised Our Nation (New York: William Morrow, 2005); popular
Gordon S. Wood. Revolutionary Characters: What Made the Founders Different (New York: Penguin Press, 2006)
^ Stanfield, Jack. America's Founding Fathers: Who Are They? Thumbnail Sketches of 164 Patriots (Universal-Publishers, 2001).
^ a b c d e f R. B. Bernstein, The Founding Fathers Reconsidered (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
^ a b Richard B. Morris, Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries (New York: Harper & Row, 1973).
^ americanrevolution.org Key to Trumbull's picture
^ Burnett, Continental Congress, 64–67.
^ Fowler, Baron of Beacon Hill, 189.
^ "Signers of the Declaration". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. p. Biography #54. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
^ "Confederation Congress". Ohio Historical Society. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
^ Calvin C. Jillson (2009). American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change (5th ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 31.
^ See the discussion of the Convention in Clinton L. Rossiter, 1787: The Grand Convention (New York: Macmillan, 1966; reprint ed., with new foreword by Richard B. Morris, New York: W. W. Norton, 1987).
^ See Brown (19764); Martin (19739); "Data on the Framers of the Constitution," at [1]
^ Martin (1973); Greene (1973)
^ Greene (1973)
^ a b Brown (1976)
^ Greene (1973).
^ Brown (1976); Harris (1969)
^ Staar (January 2009). "Our Founding Fathers". Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
^ Letter to Alexander von Humboldt, December 6, 1813 "History, I believe, furnishes no example of a priest-ridden people maintaining a free civil government,"
^ Letter to Horatio G. Spafford, March 17, 1814 "In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot, abetting his abuses in return for protection to his own."
^ The Religion of Thomas Jefferson Retrieved July 9, 2011
^ Quoted in The New England Currant (July 23, 1722), "Silence Dogood, No. 9; Corruptio optimi est pessima." "And it is a sad Observation, that when the People too late see their Error, yet the Clergy still persist in their Encomiums on the Hypocrite; and when he happens to die for the Good of his Country, without leaving behind him the Memory of one good Action, he shall be sure to have his Funeral Sermon stuff'd with Pious Expressions which he dropt at such a Time, and at such a Place, and on such an Occasion; than which nothing can be more prejudicial to the Interest of Religion, nor indeed to the Memory of the Person deceas'd. The Reason of this Blindness in the Clergy is, because they are honourably supported (as they ought to be) by their People, and see nor feel nothing of the Oppression which is obvious and burdensome to every one else."
^ See, e.g., Religioustolerance.org/Deism, Jim Peterson (2007) "The Revolution of Belief: Founding Fathers, Deists, Orthodox Christians, and the Spiritual Context of 18th Century America Robert L. Johnson, "The Deist Roots of the United States of America"
^ Gregg L. Frazer, The Religious Beliefs of America's Founders: Reason, Revelation, and Revolution (University Press of Kansas; 2012)
^ Treaty of Peace and Friendship http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/bar1796t.asp
^ Martin (1973)
^ a b Wright, William D. (2002). Critical Reflections on Black History.
^ a b c d Freehling, William W. (February 1972). "The Founding Fathers and Slavery". The American Historical Review 77 (1): 87.
^ a b The Cambridge History of Law in America. 2008. p. 278.
^ Freehling, William W. (February 1972). "The Founding Fathers and Slavery". The American Historical Review 77 (1): 88.
^ Joseph J. Ellis; Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams. (2001) p. 214.
^ Elizabeth Fox-Genovese; Eugene D. Genovese (2005). The Mind of the Master Class: History and Faith in the Southern Slaveholders' Worldview. Cambridge University Press. p. 278.
^ a b c d e Encyclopaedia Britannica. Founding fathers: the essential guide to the men who made America (John Wiley and Sons, 2007).
^ McWilliams, J. (1976). "The Faces of Ethan Allen: 1760-1860". The New England Quarterly 49 (2): 257–282.
^ Newman, Richard. Freedom's Prophet: Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church, and the Black Founding Fathers (NYU Press, 2009).
^ Jane Goodall (27 August 2013). Seeds of Hope: Wisdom and Wonder from the World of Plants. Grand Central Publishing. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-1-4555-1321-5.
^ Ballenas, Carl. Images of America: Jamaica (Arcadia Publishing, 2011).
^ a b Antieau, Chester James (1960). "Natural Rights and the Founding Fathers—The Virginians". Wash. & Lee L. Rev.: 43.
^ Holmes, David. The Faiths of the Founding Fathers. (Oxford University Press US, 2006).
^ Wood, Gordon S. Revolutionary Characters, What Made the Founding Fathers Different. (New York: Penguin Books, 2007) 225–242.
^ a b c d e f g h i Buchanan, John. "Founding Fighters: The Battlefield Leaders Who Made American Independence (review)". The Journal of Military History (Volume 71, Number 2, April 2007), pp. 522–524.
^ Stephen Yafa (2006). Cotton: The Biography of a Revolutionary Fiber. Penguin. p. 75.
^ a b c d e Dungan, Nicholas. Gallatin: America's Swiss Founding Father (NYU Press 2010).
^ LaGumina, Salvatore. The Italian American experience: an encyclopedia, page 361 (Taylor & Francis, 2000).
^ Unger, Harlow (2009). James Monroe: The Last Founding Father. New York: Da Capo Press.
^ Kann, Mark E. (1999). The Gendering of American Politics: Founding Mothers, Founding Fathers, and Political Patriarchy. ABC-CLIO. p. xi.
^ "Founding Father Thomas Paine: He Genuinely Abhorred Slavery". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (48): 45. 2005.
^ Hall, Max. Harvard University Press: a history, page 138 (Harvard University Press 1986).
^ Burstein, Andrew. "Politics and Personalities: Garry Wills takes a new look at a forgotten founder, slavery and the shaping of America", Chicago Tribune (November 09, 2003): "Forgotten founders such as Pickering and Morris made as many waves as those whose faces stare out from our currency."
^ a b Rafael, Ray. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Founding Fathers: And the Birth of Our Nation (Penguin, 2011).
^ Schwartz, Laurens R. Jews and the American Revolution: Haym Solomon and Others, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., 1987.
^ Kendall, Joshua. The Forgotten Founding Father: Noah Webster's Obsession and the Creation of an American Culture (Penguin 2011).
^ Wright, R. E. (1996). "Thomas Willing (1731-1821): Philadelphia Financier and Forgotten Founding Father". Pennsylvania History 63 (4): 525–560.
^ "A Patriot of Early New England", New York Times (December 20, 1931). This book review referred to Wingate as one of the "Fathers" of the United States, per the book title.
^ The New Yorker, Volume I, page 398 (September 10, 1836): "'The Last of the Romans' — This was said of Madison at the time of his decease, but there is one other person who seems to have some claims to this honorable distinction. Paine Wingate of Stratham, N.H. still survives."
List of national founders (worldwide)
History of the United States Constitution
Patriot (American Revolution)
Military leadership in the American Revolutionary War
Delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention
Signers of the Constitution
Abraham Baldwin
Richard Bassett
Gunning Bedford, Jr.
John Blair
William Blount
David Brearly
Jacob Broom
Pierce Butler
Daniel Carroll
George Clymer
William Few
Thomas Fitzsimons
Nicholas Gilman
Nathaniel Gorham
Jared Ingersoll
William Jackson, Secretary (attesting)
Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
William Samuel Johnson
Rufus King
John Langdon
William Livingston
James McHenry
Thomas Mifflin
Gouverneur Morris
William Paterson
Charles Pinckney
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
John Rutledge
Richard Dobbs Spaight
George Washington (president of the Convention)
Hugh Williamson
Delegates who left the Convention without signing
William Richardson Davie
Oliver Ellsworth
William Houston
William Houstoun
John Lansing, Jr.
Alexander Martin
James McClurg
John Francis Mercer
Caleb Strong
George Wythe
Convention delegates who refused to sign
Edmund Randolph
Other founders
The following individuals are also referred to in cited reliable sources as having been fathers or founders of the United States.
Abigail Adams, advisor, wife, and mother of presidents.[34]
Ethan Allen, military and political leader in Vermont.[35]
Richard Allen, African-American bishop.[36]
John Bartram, botanist, horticulturist and explorer.[37]
Egbert Benson, politician from New York.[38]
Richard Bland, Virginia delegate to Continental Congress.[39]
Elias Boudinot, New Jersey delegate to Continental Congress.[40]
Aaron Burr, Vice President under Jefferson.[41]
New York governor and Vice President of the U.S.[2]
Tench Coxe, economist in Continental Congress.[43]
Albert Gallatin, politician and Treasury Secretary.[44]
Horatio Gates, army general.[42]
Nathanael Greene, army general.[42]
Nathan Hale, captured U.S. soldier executed in 1776.[34]
Patrick Henry, Virginia governor.[39]
James Iredell, advocate for Constitution, judge.[2]
John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States.[3]
John Paul Jones, navy captain.[42]
Henry Knox, army general, Secretary of War.[2]
Tadeusz Kościuszko, Polish army general.[44]
Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, French army general.[44]
Henry Lee III, army officer and Virginia governor.[42]
Robert R. Livingston, diplomat and jurist.[34]
William Maclay, Pennsylvania politician and U.S. Senator.[2]
Dolley Madison, spouse of President James Madison.[34]
John Marshall, fourth Chief Justice of the United States.[34]
Philip Mazzei, Italian physician, merchant and author.[45]
James Monroe, fifth President of the United States[46]
James Otis, Jr., Massachusetts lawyer and politician.[47]
Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense.[48]
Edmund Pendleton, Virginia politician, lawyer and judge.[49]
Andrew Pickens, army general and SC congressman.[42]
Timothy Pickering, U.S. Secretary of State from Massachusetts.[50]
Israel Putnam, army general.[51]
Comte de Rochambeau, French army general.[44]
Thomas Sumter, SC military hero and congressman.[42]
Haym Solomon, financier and spy for Continental Army.[52]
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian officer.[44]
Joseph Warren, doctor, revolutionary leader.[51]
Mercy Otis Warren, political writer.[2]
Anthony Wayne, army general and politician.[42]
Noah Webster, writer, lexicographer, educator.[53]
Thomas Willing, banker.[54]
Paine Wingate, oldest survivor, Continental Congress.[55][56]
Signers of the Continental Association (1774)
President of the Continental Congress
Peyton Randolph
Nathaniel Folsom
Massachusetts Bay
Thomas Cushing
Robert Treat Paine
Rhode Island & Providence Plantation
Eliphalet Dyer
Silas Deane
Isaac Low
John Alsop
James Duane
Philip Livingston
Henry Wisner
Simon Boerum
James Kinsey
John De Hart
Joseph Galloway
Charles Humphreys
Edward Biddle
George Ross
The Lower Counties
Caesar Rodney
Thomas McKean
Matthew Tilghman
Thomas Johnson, Jr.
William Paca
Patrick Henry, Jr.
Richard Bland
Benjamin Harrison
Edmund Pendleton
William Hooper
Joseph Hewes
Richard Caswell
Henry Middleton
Thomas Lynch
Christopher Gadsden
Edward Rutledge
Signers of the Declaration of Independence (1776)
Josiah Bartlett
Carter Braxton
Charles Carroll
Abraham Clark
William Ellery
John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress
Thomas Heyward, Jr.
Francis Hopkinson
Francis Lightfoot Lee
Francis Lewis
Thomas Lynch, Jr.
Arthur Middleton
Thomas Nelson, Jr.
John Penn
Richard Stockton
Thomas Stone
George Taylor
Charles Thomson, Secretary (attesting)
Matthew Thornton
George Walton
William Whipple
Oliver Wolcott
Signers of the Articles of Confederation (1777)
Henry Laurens
John Wentworth Jr.
Francis Dana
James Lovell
Samuel Holten
Henry Marchant
Titus Hosmer
Andrew Adams
William Duer
Nathaniel Scudder
Daniel Roberdeau
Jonathan Bayard Smith
William Clingan
Joseph Reed
Nicholas Van Dyke
John Hanson
John Banister
John Harvie
Cornelius Harnett
William Henry Drayton
John Mathews
Richard Hutson
Thomas Heyward Jr.
John Walton
Edward Telfair
Edward Langworthy
Lists of the Founding Fathers
[33]", lived well into the nineteenth century.Last of the RomansThe last remaining founders, also called the "
"We can win no laurels in a war for independence," Webster acknowledged in 1825. "Earlier and worthier hands have gathered them all. Nor are there places for us ... [as] the founders of states. Our fathers have filled them. But there remains to us a great duty of defence and preservation."[32]
– "the founders" represented a heroic but anonymous abstraction whose long shadow fell across all followers and whose legendary accomplishments defied comparison. John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, the concept of the Founding Fathers of the U.S. emerged in the 1820s as the last survivors died out. Ellis says "the founders," or "the fathers," comprised an aggregate of semi-sacred figures whose particular accomplishments and singular achievements were decidedly less important than their sheer presence as a powerful but faceless symbol of past greatness. For the generation of national leaders coming of age in the 1820s and 1830s – men like Joseph J. EllisAccording to the historian
Many Founding Fathers, including Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin owned slaves (Franklin later became an abolitionist) .[27] Slaves and slavery are mentioned only indirectly in the 1787 Constitution. For example, Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 prescribes that "three fifths of all other Persons" are to be counted for the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives and direct taxes. Additionally, in Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3, slaves are referred to as "persons held in service or labor".[27][28] The Founding Fathers, however, did make important efforts to contain slavery. Many Northern states had adopted legislation to end or significantly reduce slavery after the American Revolution.[28] In 1782 Virginia passed a manumission law that allowed slave owners to free their slaves by will or deed.[29] As a result, thousands of slaves were manumitted in Virginia.[29] Thomas Jefferson, in 1784, proposed to ban slavery in all the Western Territories, which failed to pass Congress by one vote.[28] Partially following Jefferson's plan, Congress did ban slavery in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, for lands north of the Ohio River.[28] The international slave trade was banned in all states except South Carolina, by 1800. Finally in 1807, President Jefferson signed into law a Federally-enforced ban on the international slave trade throughout the U.S. and its territories.[30] However, the domestic slave trade was allowed, for expansion, or for diffusion of slavery into the Louisiana Territory.[31]
Portrait of William Lee.
Slaves and slavery
The 1787 delegates' subsequent careers reflected their abilities as well as the vagaries of fate.[26] Most were successful, although seven (Fitzsimons, Gorham, Luther Martin, Mifflin, Robert Morris, Pierce, and Wilson) suffered serious financial reverses that left them in or near bankruptcy. Two, Blount and Dayton, were involved in possibly treasonous activities. Yet, as they had done before the convention, most of the group continued to render public service, particularly to the new government they had helped to create.
Post-convention careers
The Treaty of Tripoli, states that "the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion"[25] and was passed unanimously by the Senate and signed by President John Adams.
Historian Gregg L. Frazer argues that the leading Founders (Adams, Jefferson, Franklin, Wilson, Morris, Madison, Hamilton, and Washington) were neither Christians nor Deists, but rather supporters of a hybrid "theistic rationalism".[24]
A few prominent Founding Fathers were anti-clerical Christians, such as Thomas Jefferson[18][19][20] (who created the so-called Jefferson Bible) and Benjamin Franklin.[21] Others (most notably Thomas Paine, who authored the religious book The Age of Reason[22]) were deists, or at least held beliefs very similar to those of deists.[23]
Lambert (2003) has examined the religious affiliations and beliefs of the Founders. Of the 55 delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention, 49 were Protestants, and two were Roman Catholics (D. Carroll, and Fitzsimons). Among the Protestant delegates to the Constitutional Convention, 28 were Church of England (or Episcopalian, after the American Revolutionary War was won), eight were Presbyterians, seven were Congregationalists, two were Lutherans, two were Dutch Reformed, and two were Methodists.
Most of the delegates married and raised children. Sherman fathered the largest family: 15 children by two wives. At least nine (Bassett, Brearly, Johnson, Mason, Paterson, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Sherman, Wilson, and Wythe) married more than once. Four (Baldwin, Gilman, Jenifer, and Alexander Martin) were lifelong bachelors. Many of the delegates also had children conceived illegitimately.[17]
Secretary Charles Thomson lived to the age of 94. Johnson died at 92. John Adams lived to the age of 90. A few—Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, Williamson, and Wythe—lived into their eighties. Either 15 or 16 (depending on Fitzsimons's exact age) died in their seventies, 20 or 21 in their sixties, eight in their fifties, and five only in their forties. Three (Alexander Hamilton, Richard Dobbs Spaight and Button Gwinnett) were killed in duels.
For their era, the 1787 delegates (like the 1776 signers) were average in terms of life spans.[14] Their average age at death was about 67. The first to die was Houston in 1788; the last was Madison in 1836.
Death age of the Founding Fathers.
Longevity and family life
The Founding Fathers had strong educational backgrounds at some of the colonial colleges or abroad.[16] Some, like Franklin and Washington, were largely self-taught or learned through apprenticeship. Others had obtained instruction from private tutors or at academies. About half of the men had attended or graduated from college. Some men held medical degrees or advanced training in theology. Most of the education was in the colonies, but several were lawyers who had been trained at the Inns of Court in London.
Most of the 1787 delegates were natives of the Thirteen Colonies. Only 9 were born elsewhere: four (Butler, Fitzsimons, McHenry, and Paterson) in Ireland, two (Davie and Robert Morris) in England, two (Wilson and Witherspoon) in Scotland, and one (Hamilton) in the West Indies.
Many of them had moved from one state to another. Seventeen individuals had already lived, studied or worked in more than one state or colony: Baldwin, Bassett, Bedford, Dickinson, Few, Franklin, Ingersoll, Hamilton , Livingston, Alexander Martin, Luther Martin, Mercer, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, Read, Sherman, and Williamson.
Several others had studied or traveled abroad.
Brown (1976) and Harris (1969) provide detailed demographic information on each man.
A few of the 1787 delegates were wealthy, but many of the country's top wealth-holders were Loyalists who went to Britain. Most of the others had financial resources that ranged from good to excellent, but there are other founders who were less than wealthy. On the whole they were less wealthy than the Loyalists.[15]
Family and finances
Thirty-five had legal training, though not all of them practiced law. Some had also been local judges.[14]
At the time of the convention, 13 men were merchants: Blount, Broom, Clymer, Dayton, Fitzsimons, Shields, Gilman, Gorham, Langdon, Robert Morris, Pierce, Sherman, and Wilson.
Seven were major land speculators: Blount, Dayton, Fitzsimmons, Gorham, Robert Morris, Washington, and Wilson.
Eleven speculated in securities on a large scale: Bedford, Blair, Clymer, Dayton, Fitzsimons, Franklin, King, Langdon, Robert Morris, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and Sherman.
Fourteen owned or managed slave-operated plantations or large farms: Bassett, Blair, Blount, Johnson, Butler, Carroll, Jenifer, Jefferson, Madison, Mason, Charles Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Rutledge, Spaight, and Washington.
Many wealthy Northerners owned domestic slaves: Franklin later freed his slaves and was a key founder of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society. Jay founded the New York Manumission Society in 1785, for which Hamilton became an officer. They and other members of the Society founded the African Free School in New York City, to educate the children of free blacks and slaves. When Jay was governor of New York in 1798, he signed into law a gradual abolition law; fully ending slavery as of 1827. He freed his own slaves in 1798.
Broom and Few were small farmers.
Eight of the men received a substantial part of their income from public office: Baldwin, Blair, Brearly, Gilman, Livingston, Madison, and Rutledge.
Three had retired from active economic endeavors: Franklin, McHenry, and Mifflin.
Franklin and Williamson were scientists, in addition to their other activities.
McClurg, McHenry, Rush, and Williamson were physicians, and Johnson was a college president.
The 1787 delegates practiced a wide range of high and middle-status occupations, and many pursued more than one career simultaneously. They did not differ dramatically from the Loyalists, except they were generally younger and less senior in their professions.[13]
Occupations and finances
Thomas Mifflin and Nathaniel Gorham had served as President of the Continental Congress.
The ones who lacked congressional experience were Washington and Yates.
Eight men (Wythe) had signed the Declaration of Independence.
Six (Carroll, Dickinson, Gerry, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, and Roger Sherman) had signed the Articles of Confederation.
Two, Sherman and Robert Morris, signed all three of the nation's basic documents.
Dickinson, Franklin, Langdon, and Rutledge had been governors.
The Framers of the Constitution had extensive political experience. By 1787, four-fifths (41 individuals), were or had been members of the Continental Congress. Nearly all of the 55 delegates had experience in colonial and state government, and the majority had held county and local offices.[12]
Political experience
These delegates represented a cross-section of 18th-century American leadership. Almost all of them were well-educated men of means who were leaders in their communities. Many were also prominent in national affairs. Virtually every one had taken part in the American Revolution; at least 29 had served in the Continental Army, most of them in positions of command. Several of the latter were instrumental in establishing the Society of the Cincinnati in 1783. Scholars have examined the collective biography of them as well as the signers of the Declaration and the Constitution.[11]
In the winter and spring of 1786–1787, twelve of the thirteen states chose a total of 74 delegates to attend what is now known as the Federal Convention in Philadelphia. Nineteen delegates chose not to accept election or attend the debates; for example, Patrick Henry of Virginia thought that state politics were far more interesting and important than national politics, though during the ratification controversy of 1787–1788 he claimed, "I smelled a rat." Rhode Island did not send delegates because of its politicians' suspicions of the Convention delegates' motivations. As a sanctuary for Baptists, Rhode Island's absence at the Convention in part explains the absence of Baptist affiliation among those who did attend. Of the 55 who did attend at some point, no more than 38 delegates showed up at one time.[10]
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy
Collective biography of the Framers of the Constitution
The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the United States Constitution.
The Patrick Henry, and John Adams, were elected by their respective colonial assemblies. Other notable delegates included Samuel Adams from Massachusetts, John Dickinson from Pennsylvania and New York's John Jay. This congress in addition to formulating appeals to the British crown, established the Continental Association to administer boycott actions against Britain. When the Second Continental Congress came together on May 10, 1775, it was, in effect, a reconvening of the First Congress. Many of the same 56 delegates who attended the first meeting participated in the second.[5] Notable new arrivals included Benjamin Franklin and Robert Morris of Pennsylvania, John Hancock of Massachusetts, and John Witherspoon of New Jersey. Hancock was elected Congress President two weeks into the session when Peyton Randolph was summoned back to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses. Thomas Jefferson replaced Randolph in the Virginia congressional delegation.[6] The second Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon was the only active clergyman to sign the Declaration. He also signed the Articles of Confederation and attended the New Jersey (1787) convention that ratified the Federal Constitution.[7]
Declaration of Independence, a painting by John Trumbull depicting the Committee of Five presenting their draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Congress on June 28, 1776. Trumbull's painting appears on the reverse of the United States two-dollar bill.[4]
, advocating ratification of the Constitution. The Federalist Papers Three of these (Hamilton, Madison and Jay) were authors of the [3]
Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson, Massachusetts, John Adams, Boston
List of people on United States banknotes
United States Senate, United States Army, American Civil War, President of the United States, New York
/e Washington, Continental Army, American Revolutionary War, Founding Fathers of the United States, French and Indian War


The BIO CEO & Investor Conference is one of the largest investor conferences focused on established and emerging publicly traded and select private biotech companies. Because our mission is to support industry-wide success, we present a broad and unbiased view of investment opportunities.
Now in its 21st year, the BIO CEO & Investor Conference is one of the largest investor conferences focused on established and emerging publicly traded and select private biotech companies. Because our mission is to support industry-wide success, we present a broad and unbiased view of investment opportunities.
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Present company story to an audience of target investors.
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Hear candid panel discussions and keynotes by veteran investment and company executives.
Network with peers, investors and potential partners attending the conference.
Get the pulse on the current and proposed investment trends in biotechnology.


text:
#include "lapacke.h"
#include "lapacke_utils.h"

lapack_int LAPACKE_dsptrd( int matrix_order, char uplo, lapack_int n,
                           double* ap, double* d, double* e, double* tau )
{
    if( matrix_order != LAPACK_COL_MAJOR && matrix_order != LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR ) {
        LAPACKE_xerbla( "LAPACKE_dsptrd", -1 );
        return -1;
    }
#ifndef LAPACK_DISABLE_NAN_CHECK
    /* Optionally check input matrices for NaNs */
    if( LAPACKE_dsp_nancheck( n, ap ) ) {
        return -4;
    }
#endif
    return LAPACKE_dsptrd_work( matrix_order, uplo, n, ap, d, e, tau );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
import { newE2EPage } from '@stencil/core/testing';

test('tab: placements', async () => {
  const page = await newE2EPage({
    url: '/src/components/tabs/test/placements?ionic:_testing=true'
  });

  const compare = await page.compareScreenshot();
  expect(compare).toMatchScreenshot();
});