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How should cell-based meat be labeled? What 1,179 comments to USDA say about stakeholders' priorities
As companies making meat from cells raise money, create prototypes and improve their technology, they are getting closer to having products to make available.
And that leaves a question hanging in the air: What can those products be called?
The USDA — which formally agreed in 2019 to jointly regulate products in the cell-based space with the FDA — put out a formal request for input in September. The department asked a battery of questions about how these products should be described on packaging labels, especially compared to animal derived products. Which terms work best for this type of product? Which terms would be misleading?
The comment period was open for two months. And in that time, 1,179 comments came in.
Eighty-seven of them came from companies, trade groups, policy groups and international entities. State agriculture departments, companies involved with cell-based meat, traditional meat producers and an array of groups connected to the food industry commented. A total of 157 individuals left comments anonymously. One U.S. senator made his opinion known.
And while the comments offered a wide variety of viewpoints on cell-based meat, one sentiment was nearly universally shared: These new products represent something new and different, and they deserve regulators' attention and specific labeling.
Deepti Kulkarni, a partner at law firm Sidley Austin LLP who previously worked in the FDA's general counsel office on agency oversight and regulatory pathways for new and emerging technology, said that the process of inviting public comments and using them to inform new regulations uses significant governmental resources. However, it signifies the importance of this new area. And the fact that questions about labeling drew more than 1,000 comments makes sense to her.
Future Meat Technologies' pilot plant in Israel.
Courtesy of Future Meat Technologies
"That underscores the significant interest in these products and the technology," she said. "That should not be surprising to anyone, right? What we feed ourselves and our families is a big part of our individual and cultural identity. And I think you see that in comments.
"Meat is a very big part of American culture, and so there's a lot of people really interested and passionate about these issues," Kulkarni continued. "At the same time, the world's population is growing, and we understand more and more of the potential impacts of climate change. So a good number of people are reevaluating how and what they eat."
Food Dive accessed, read and analyzed all of the comments that came in from companies, interest and industry groups, state and foreign government agencies and officials, and prominent individuals. All of these comments, complete with analysis on their preferred labeling terminology, can be explored in this tracker.
'A direct threat'
The feelings about these products as reflected by the comments ran the gamut. While some were extremely supportive of the innovation cell-based meat represents, some were defensive about the threat the sector may pose to traditional animal agriculture.
Cell-based meat proponents are building an entire industry on the promise of removing the need to raise and kill animals from the food equation, and in doing so, avoid the livestock industry's inherent environmental and ethical issues. The comments from those defending traditional agriculture are some of the most impassioned.
"Laboratory manufactured proteins from cultured cells is a direct threat to the livelihood and economic well-being of U.S. producers nation-wide," wrote Agri Beef, a small company of cattle producers. "Manufacturers of cultured cell proteins have a goal to not only replace traditionally raised meats but also demean and disparage the natural production process of traditional meats, while obscuring and withholding their process of production process to consumers."
The North Dakota Farmers Union, made up of those in that state's agricultural industry, agrees with that sentiment in its comments.
"Allowing products comprised of or containing cultured animal cells to be labeled 'meat' or 'poultry' would place family farmers and ranchers at a disadvantage because it will be difficult for them to differentiate their products from cultured animal cell products," the group's comments read. "Family farmers and ranchers want fair competition between their slaughtered meat and poultry products and products comprised of or containing cultured animal cells. Fair competition requires truthful and accurate product names and labels for products comprised of or containing cultured animal cells, which will allow consumers to make informed choices about their purchases."
Cattle near Stoneville, South Dakota.
Cheung, Lance. (2021). "20210721-NRCS-LSC-0752" [photograph]. Retrieved from Flickr.
But not every agriculture industry commenter seemed opposed to the concept of cell-based meat. The American Farm Bureau Federation — an advocacy group which has members from all areas in agriculture — passed a policy that supports limiting common meat terms to products from slaughtered animals in 2019. While the group quoted from this policy resolution in its comments, it also noted that the comments were not an attempt to keep new technologies out of the marketplace.
Several state agricultural departments weighed in on the debate. Absent federal regulations defining cell-based meat and setting guidelines for labeling, many states took matters into their own hands and passed their own laws largely premised on protecting the incumbent meat industry — even though actual products were years away from appearing on menus and in stores. According to the Good Food Institute, 13 states currently have laws on the books dealing with labeling of cell-based meat.
Kentucky Agriculture Commissioner Ryan Quarles, who championed 2019 state legislation that would prohibit cell-based products from being labeled meat in the state, reiterated in his comments why he found the issue so important.
"I believed then, as I do now, that such products should not be allowed to be marketed the same way as products from traditional animal agriculture," Quarles said. "I believe this issue to fundamentally involve the principle of transparency. Consumers deserve to know that the word 'meat' means something, and that it means meat from an animal."
U.S. Sen. Mike Rounds, a Republican from South Dakota, cited these state laws in his comments. He said that "imprecise labeling regulations" could result in consumers being placed at a disadvantage when making choices in what to eat.
A traditional butcher's counter.
Permission granted by Tim Fields
Commenters who defended traditional agriculture tended to agree with the policy passed by the American Farm Bureau Federation: Terminology customarily associated with meat from a slaughtered animal should not be used for cell-based equivalents. How far the labeling should diverge varied among the commenters.
The Arizona Department of Agriculture's Animal Services Division wrote that it understands meat to be skeletal tissue that comes from living and breathing animals — two things that cell-based meat is not. Additionally, many mentioned that terms like "breast," "loin" and "flank" all refer to parts of animals' bodies — and should not be used when the meat did not come directly from an animal's body.
The type of terms to differentiate meat that comes from cells ran the gamut. In its comments, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, which advocates on behalf of the beef industry, referenced research it had done in 2021 about potential terminology and consumer confusion. Names that referenced how the products were made — including "cell-cultured" and "lab-grown" — led to greater consumer understanding of what they were. The group found that "lab-grown meat" was the easiest to understand.
"Allowing products comprised of or containing cultured animal cells to be labeled 'meat' or 'poultry' would place family farmers and ranchers at a disadvantage because it will be difficult for them to differentiate their products from cultured animal cell products."
North Dakota Farmers Union
Agriculture group
Other commenters leaned more toward terminology that definitively painted the products as something other than real meat. The Tennessee Farm Bureau Federation endorsed the label "imitation food product derived from meat and poultry," arguing that cell-based meat is an imitation of what comes from an animal.
The California Department of Food and Agriculture's Animal Health & Food Safety Services Meat, Poultry and Egg Safety Branch — the regulatory body in the state where many of the most developed cell-based meat companies are located — took another more extreme look at how the products should be labeled.
"Terms such as 'Artificially Grown Animal Tissues,' 'Artificially Produced,' 'Manufactured Animal Tissue,' 'Man-Made,' or similar statements that are truthful and factual to the nature or source of the product should be included in the product name."
Cultivating industry growth through flexibility
For the most part, the comments from cell-based meat companies and their defenders lacked the drama of those that came from traditional agriculture.
But some, like the comments from The Better Meat Co., attempt to show the fight against cell-based meat as an exercise in futility. Better Meat is not in the cell-based meat business, but it produces protein for meat analogs from through fermentation. It likens meat to ice, which was once only obtainable naturally during cold temperatures, but now is available year-round thanks to technology.
"While the 'natural ice' industry barons of the 19th century railed against what they derided as 'artificial ice' (ice made via new human technology rather than in nature), we all know that the end product is still the same," Better Meat wrote. "Similarly, some detractors of this new meat industry will argue for prejudicial names designed to turn off consumers. But in the end we must treat this new industry fairly and without protectionism for the incumbents in the sector."
Aleph Farms' cell-based steak.
Courtesy of Aleph Farms
The Good Food Institute, an advocacy group for alternative proteins, argued that cell cultivation is a new way of creating products that have existed throughout human history, so new standards of identity are not needed to differentiate cell-based meat. After all, the group wrote, new standards of identity were not required for meat made through cloning. The companies growing meat from cells will want to voluntarily differentiate themselves through labeling, the group wrote.
At this point in time, GFI wrote, regulators should take it slow in creating labeling regimes for cell-based meat products, and instead emphasized the need for flexibility as consumers develop an understanding of cultivated meat.
"Historically, labeling requirements have not created consumer expectations; rather, they have codified existing ones to ensure consumers continue to receive the products they have come to expect," the group commented. "Consumer expectations regarding cultivated meat and poultry products have not yet solidified and cannot be accurately measured at this time, so there is nothing to codify."
Upside Foods, a California-based cell-based meat company that recently closed a $400 million funding round that will build its first commercial-scale production plant, also touted a flexible approach to labeling at this time. Creating strict standards right now, the company argued in its comments, could stifle innovation — which could have the unintended consequence of making further developments in the technology more difficult and more costly, both to companies and consumers.
Upside Foods echoed research done by GFI on the basic tenets of what to call these products. A survey conducted by the industry group last fall showed 75% of companies making cell-based meat wanted the products referred to as "cultivated meat." In its comments, the company also discussed consumer research it had done into labeling terms. Upside Foods found that among consumers, a potential label of "Chicken (cultivated from chicken cells)" represented an accurate association to what the product is. It received a high descriptiveness score, the company said, beating out "cultured meat" and "clean meat" — a term that was once favored by the cell-based meat industry. And it accurately describes that the product is meat, which is important because a person with a meat or seafood intolerance is also likely to be unable to eat these products.
Wildtype's cell-based salmon sushi.
Courtesy of Wildtype
"By using terminology that is accurate and objective and does not denigrate cultivated or conventional product categories, the approach allows the industry to grow and innovate without disparaging other products," Upside Foods wrote.
Fork & Goode, a New York-based cultivated meat company concentrating on pork, said that a good labeling parallel in this case is "organic" — a general term that is well recognized, but that is also shorthand for a long and distinct process.
"'Cultivated' brings to mind the ancient transition from hunted or gathered sources of food from nature to the adaptation of what has become known as food from 'agriculture,'" the company wrote in its comments. "Similarly, cultivated meat marks the transition from meat derived from slaughtering domesticated animals to the harnessing of animal biology to grow animal cells for food outside the animal."
In arguing for the term "cultivated" to be applied to these products, Israel-based cultivated meat company Aleph Farms wrote that they should not have the term "lab" in their names. Cultivated meat is not produced in a laboratory, but instead in food processing facilities. Aleph Farms also argued terms including "imitation," "mock" and "artificial" have no place on these product labels. They will be grown from actual cells and should have an identical composition to meat from animals, so consumers with meat allergies or sensitivities would also have be allergic or sensitive to cell-based meat products.
"By using terminology that is accurate and objective and does not denigrate cultivated or conventional product categories, the approach allows the industry to grow and innovate without disparaging other products."
Upside Foods
Cell-based meat company
"[I]t would be misleading — and potentially dangerous — to present cultivated beef as 'imitation,' 'mock,' or 'artificial' beef, as a consumer may incorrectly understand that the product does not contain beef," the company wrote.
Food companies that have invested in the cell-based meat space used their comments to defend the need for flexibility and accuracy in labeling. Tyson Foods — which has no cultured meat division of its own but has invested in Upside Foods and Future Meat Technologies — wrote it is in favor of fair and honest labeling that is transparent and informative to consumers.
"Tyson Foods is supportive of labels that use the appropriate qualifier, e.g., 'cultivated, cultured, or cell-based' along with the appropriate standard of identity or common or usual name," the company wrote. "In order to provide a path forward for consistent labeling, Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) should ensure product names are recognizable and understandable to consumers, inform consumers that some or all of the product comprises cultured animal cells, and are not ultimately misleading and confusing when compared with the names of traditional products on the market."
A variety of groups, some advocacy and some academic, attempted to advance their agendas through their comments.
One of the platform issues for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals urges consumers to adopt a vegan diet and end industrial-scale farming. At the moment, it's unclear whether vegetarians and vegans will accept cell-cultured meat as something they can eat, but PETA's comments try to further its viewpoint in terms of animal-based product labeling. The group gives its suggestions for labeling of cell-based meat, but what it really wants is specific labeling on traditionally farmed products.
"The most straightforward approach to ensure that consumers are able to make informed choices is to always disclose the presence of 'slaughtered meat' in food products," the group's comments state. "This language is clear, concise and does not rely on understanding of animal cell culture technology."
Other consumer groups used this as an opportunity to call out broader concerns around food tech.
A bioreactor for Eat Just under construction.
Courtesy of Eat Just
The Center for Food Safety, a group aligned against the negative impacts of industrial agriculture — but most specifically GMOs and industrial chemicals — entered two comments on the docket. One was a petition signed by 6,028 members that called out companies that "are attempting to grow cells from meat and poultry in huge vats" and opposed USDA allowing production or labeling of cells using fetal bovine serum as a growth medium. The petition also asks USDA to ban any product using genetically engineered cells that signatories say causes cancer, and asks that any company using genetically engineered cells signify it on the label.
In its official organization comments, which were submitted in conjunction with Food & Water Watch, Center for Food Safety reiterates and explains these concerns with growth medium derived from animals — which most companies in the space are moving away from — and genetic engineering processes. But the group also drives home how unnatural it believes the process is.
"'Synthetic cell-cultured meat and poultry product' could be the generic product name, with the product specifying which animal cells it derives from," the comments from both groups read. "For example, "' with synthetic cell-cultured protein derived from bovine cells.' 'Synthetic Cell-cultured' would not risk confusion with other cultured products."
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, a trade group for those in the nutritional field, submitted comments from its standpoint of working with consumers through food labels. The group urged USDA not to call these products simply "cultured," since that term has a different meaning to consumers and applying it to cell-based meat isn't quite analogous. Buttermilk is a type of cultured milk, which is created through bacterial cultures modifying the milk itself; it does not create a new product, the group wrote, In the case of this type of meat, the culturing process actually does create the product.
Several groups and departments affiliated with the government and industries in Canada entered comments as well. While Canada would write its own labeling regulations for this segment, many of these comments were aimed at asking the United States to write regulations that would be a closer fit with those currently on the books there.
"Though the topics covered within our consumer research vary, one consistent thread is that consumers value transparency when making food choices. In alignment with this theme, IFIC supports efforts by FSIS to increase consumer clarity on meat and poultry products made with cultured animal cells."
International Food Information Council
Science-based food research group
Groups representing other animal-derived food products also weighed in as part of the comments. The United Egg Association, the American Dairy Coalition and the National Milk Producers Federation, as well as other agricultural groups, all asked that similar federal labeling regulations be instituted for companies that are making egg and dairy proteins that do not come from animals.
Many food-industry-affiliated groups left comments urging lawmakers to be deliberative.
The International Food Information Council, which focuses on bringing food and health science to consumer research, pointed to findings from 2020 consumer research about cell-based meat. It found almost one in five consumers would buy a cell-based product after the concept was explained, while 74% would opt for the traditional animal product.
"Though the topics covered within our consumer research vary, one consistent thread is that consumers value transparency when making food choices," the comments state. "In alignment with this theme, IFIC supports efforts by FSIS to increase consumer clarity on meat and poultry products made with cultured animal cells."
Now that these comments are being evaluated, Kulkarni said that USDA and FDA will work together to decide on labeling terms. A spokesperson from USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service, which handles cultivated meat regulation, said they do not have a timeframe on when their work will be completed, but there are no plans for additional public meetings.
USDA has indicated that it will not necessarily wait for these rules to come out in order to approve products for sale, Kulkarni said. Wholesale determinations that products are safe for consumption may come first. If that is the case, FSIS will approve each product label individually with the ongoing rulemaking process in mind. The USDA FSIS spokesperson said that they would ensure all labels approved before this rule is finalized are not false or misleading. Additionally, any companies with products going out on the market will be told that labeling requirements could change as the process completes.
A cell-based hamburger made by Mosa Meat.
Courtesy of Mosa Meat
"Those product-specific determinations will inform the labeling process and so that's something that I think is worth observing in the near future," Kulkarni said. "If FSIS agrees with certain labeling terms or the presentation of certain labeling, that's an indication that that kind of labeling should meet the future rulemaking that the agency ultimately finalizes — or at least those determinations should shape and inform that rulemaking."
FDA and USDA's FSIS have also agreed to establish joint principles for labeling and claims. This means that although the agencies don't jointly regulate all of the products to use cell-based production — FDA solely regulates most seafood, for example — they will work together to establish a consistent labeling framework for all products.
"That's just good policy because these products are going to be jointly regulated by FDA and FSIS," she said. "There should be a mechanism to assure consistency in labeling determinations."
Right now, the comments are being reviewed by many people working with FDA and USDA, Kulkarni said. Departmental staff is looking at them, including technical teams of scientists and policy teams who are experts in food labeling, laws and regulations. Lawyers are also likely looking at the comments to see if there are any First Amendment issues. Kulkarni said it is important that labeling laws don't restrict commercial speech and that they work under existing case law governing federal food labeling.
In general, Kulkarni said, FDA and USDA are guided by the requirement of giving food a truthful and descriptive designation. This takes into consideration the food's basic nature and essential characteristics, which include its source and characterizing features. All of these aspects are brand new and need to be defined for cultivated meat and seafood.
One of the things Kulkarni is watching for is how specific FSIS applies some of the definitions and terminology for cell-based meat and products. The questions in the advance notice of proposed rulemaking ask some pretty specific things about cultured meat products, including whether standards of identity involving this kind of meat should be established, what the differences between slaughtered meat products and cell-based ones would be, potential label claims on cell-based meat products and whether products made with cultured meat as ingredients would need to be specifically labeled as such.
Kulkarni said that in looking through the comments, federal regulators will categorize them by the types of groups or individuals who made them. This can help signify how different groups of people — be they farmers, meat processors or scientists — feel about the space, and determine where there is consensus.
"Meat is a very big part of American culture, and so there's a lot of people really interested and passionate about these issues. At the same time, the world's population is growing, and we understand more and more of the potential impacts of climate change. So a good number of people are reevaluating how and what they eat."
Deepti Kulkarni
Partner, Sidley Austin LLP
While it feels like it's been a long time since this process started — there was an initial public meeting in July 2018, which kicked off the discussion of regulation and labeling between FDA and USDA — Kulkarni said from a regulatory standpoint, it's moving quickly. The joint regulatory agreement came in 2019, and the agencies have been working with companies in the space since then.
Considering the work that has been happening on both sides, Kulkarni said it is not outside the realm of possibility that there will be decisions issued regarding some of these companies' consultations with regulators this fall. And while Kulkarni is not privy to what kinds of decisions may come out first, she said they would be likely to do with safety, meaning that the products would be deemed suitable for human consumption.
When reviewing a few of the comments herself, Kulkarni saw a lot of differences of opinions. But she saw one thing that most commenters agreed on: Cell-based meat should be labeled in a way that differentiates it from products that come from slaughtered animals.
"That is a bit of an evolution, I think, from where this debate initially started," Kulkarni said. "Initially, the debate felt very black or white, right? One way or no way. And now we're seeing some of the nuance bear out."
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The Community Clinical Nurse Specialists work with patients who have cancer or other life threatening illnesses and their families. They are employed by Katharine House Hospice, and based at the Hospice. All patient care services are entirely free of charge.
The role of the Community Clinical Nurse specialist is to provide specialist palliative care. They concentrate on the quality of life of both patient and family. They give advice and information centred on controlling pain and other symptoms and meeting patients social, emotional and spiritual needs. The care for the family extends into bereavement.
A Clinical Nurse Specialist will be on duty 9am to 5pm to advise patients, families and healthcare professionals working in the community. Contact the Hospice switchboard on 01295 811866. This service is in addition to our established 24/7 advice line.
Patients and families may contact us directly by telephoning Katharine House Hospice on 01295 811866.
Healthcare professionals from hospital or the community are all welcome to refer but always with the consent of the patient.
These referrals will be followed up in consultation with the patient's GP and District Nurse.


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A reviewer thought that the Storksak Bobby bag is made from robust, wipe clean quilted nylon.
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Bag ID 38948. Images from Amazon Product Advertising API and shop datafeeds.


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Season 4 opens with Connor and Abby struggling with life in the Cretaceous Period, meanwhile the A.R.C. has been rebuilt and updated with two new members; Connor looking up old friends Duncan, and not expecting to find him obsessed with creature sightings.
Watch Primeval - Season 4 HD Online with English Subtitle.


Thought for Reflection: What is most important to us? God promises that if we seek him and his kingdom above all else we will find the greatest treasure of all! There are thousands of competing voices calling us today – God is a shield and will keep us as we look to him.
Prayer: Lord, help us to search for you today in all the details of the day and to find your wisdom and guidance at the heart of our lives.


I hear different things about how to enjoy high winds. Some people pull out high pound strength lines which are 100-120' long and do precision. Some do not mind tricking in the corners, some pack it in after 10 mph - some consider Vent kites a BIG PLUS - some do not - If you are one those who does fly above say 15 mph - what's your cup of tea, style and equipment? Currently I am going to try a SD-Mid Vent with 85 X 150# lines where normally it would be 75' X 90# lines - as an example to slow things down a bit.
I have several vented kites, but if the wind is over maybe 12 mph, none of them is much fun except for flying figures and practicing hard cornering.
When the wind is up, I usually pull out my Rev 1.5 with SLE. At those wind speeds, the Rev is crisp and active. Last week, however, a dive stop resulted in a broken leading edge. First time I'd ever broken a stick on a Rev. I don't particularly like the bendy frames most of the Rev flyers use, but the tradeoff is that more wind is needed to fly the SLE Rev.
Below 12 mph winds, pull out the 150 or 200 # line sets and put on one of the vented dualies.
Vented Revs, use up to 4 wrap frames and 150# lines, depending on wind strength.
Fearless Standard on 90# 100' or 120' lines. Great speed control, low pull, and no shudder even when it really kicks up. And, you can still do tricks to a reasonable degree - certainly at 15 you can.
I fly and trick it in wind that my previous vents would be unusable in (mostly due to pull). I used to fly on 75'-85' lines, but the longer lines really make all big difference.
Machine STD, 150# lines. If it goes much higher than that, Industrial Machine, 150# lines. Std. and vented Vendettas are also kites I enjoy in those winds.
I don't go hide at the edges to do my tricks. It just takes a willingness to be more aggressive, faster, and be willing to move one's feet.
Deep Space with R-Sky screens and whatever line seems prudent. I'll fly this setup in just about anything reasonable.
I also like the xt.Z, in winds in the teens, but it does have a top. 15 to 20 or so mph it's great though.
I just enjoy longer line sets. When things go wrong especially in high winds, its nice to have that extra split second. Anything under 100' feels short.
When the winds are really up, in the 15-25mph range. There are only a few tricks that I will work on: The insane, snap lazy and inverse, and axels. Maybe the more advanced fliers will comment on their high wind tricks.
A lot of fliers don't care for high winds, much of that I'd attribute to lack of experience. I didn't enjoy it at first, and it still isn't my first choice of winds to fly in, but being out with advanced fliers, let me know that it could be done. I've worked on it, just like any other trick and have grown comfortable in higher winds.
Above 15 mph, Talon vtd on 125' X 90#.
Beamer 1.8 power kite, a helmet and pads.
in the 12-18 or so range I will fly the vented saber. Much above that and tricks get to be a bit too much work to be fun so I fly the mirages. They are a blast in 15+ winds.


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text:
NYSE:CHAP - Chaparral Energy Stock Price, Forecast & News
Adding Chaparral Energy Inc
Volume1,924 shs
P/E Ratio4.19
Chaparral Energy, Inc. engages in the acquisition, exploration, development, production, and operation of onshore oil and natural gas properties primarily in Oklahoma, the United States. The company sells crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids primarily to refineries and gas processing plant. The company was founded in 1988 and is headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Industry Crude petroleum & natural gas
SectorOils/Energy
Current SymbolNYSE:CHAP
Webhttp://www.chaparralenergy.com/
Trailing P/E Ratio4.19
Annual Sales$247.36 million
Return on Equity-2.08%
Employees194
Receive CHAP News and Ratings via Email
Sign-up to receive the latest news and ratings for CHAP and its competitors with MarketBeat's FREE daily newsletter.
CHAP Rates by TradingView
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Chaparral Energy (NYSE:CHAP) Frequently Asked Questions
What is Chaparral Energy's stock symbol?
Chaparral Energy trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker symbol "CHAP."
How were Chaparral Energy's earnings last quarter?
Chaparral Energy Inc (NYSE:CHAP) announced its earnings results on Monday, November, 11th. The company reported $0.03 earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter, missing the Zacks' consensus estimate of $0.07 by $0.04. The company had revenue of $52.64 million for the quarter, compared to analyst estimates of $62.56 million. Chaparral Energy had a negative return on equity of 2.08% and a negative net margin of 86.43%. View Chaparral Energy's Earnings History.
When is Chaparral Energy's next earnings date?
Chaparral Energy is scheduled to release their next quarterly earnings announcement on Thursday, March 12th 2020. View Earnings Estimates for Chaparral Energy.
What price target have analysts set for CHAP?
1 Wall Street analysts have issued 1-year price objectives for Chaparral Energy's stock. Their forecasts range from $3.00 to $9.00. On average, they anticipate Chaparral Energy's share price to reach $6.00 in the next year. This suggests a possible upside of 361.5% from the stock's current price. View Analyst Price Targets for Chaparral Energy.
What is the consensus analysts' recommendation for Chaparral Energy?
1 Wall Street analysts have issued "buy," "hold," and "sell" ratings for Chaparral Energy in the last year. There are currently 1 buy rating for the stock, resulting in a consensus recommendation of "Buy." View Analyst Ratings for Chaparral Energy.
Has Chaparral Energy been receiving favorable news coverage?
Headlines about CHAP stock have been trending somewhat positive recently, InfoTrie Sentiment Analysis reports. The research firm ranks the sentiment of news coverage by analyzing more than six thousand blog and news sources. The firm ranks coverage of companies on a scale of negative five to positive five, with scores closest to five being the most favorable. Chaparral Energy earned a media sentiment score of 2.0 on InfoTrie's scale. They also assigned news coverage about the company a news buzz of 0.0 out of 10, indicating that recent news coverage is extremely unlikely to have an impact on the company's share price in the next few days. View News Stories for Chaparral Energy.
Are investors shorting Chaparral Energy?
Chaparral Energy saw a decrease in short interest in December. As of December 13th, there was short interest totalling 2,550,000 shares, a decrease of 7.9% from the November 28th total of 2,770,000 shares. Based on an average daily volume of 263,200 shares, the short-interest ratio is currently 9.7 days. Currently, 5.6% of the company's shares are short sold. View Chaparral Energy's Current Options Chain.
Who are some of Chaparral Energy's key competitors?
Some companies that are related to Chaparral Energy include Roan Resources (ROAN), TETRA Technologies (TTI), Montage Resources (MR), Panhandle Oil and Gas (PHX), VAALCO Energy (EGY), SandRidge Energy (SD), SilverBow Resources (SBOW), TransGlobe Energy (TGA), Painted Pony Energy (PDPYF), VOC Energy Trust (VOC), Epsilon Energy (EPSN), PermRock Royalty Trust (PRT), MV Oil Trust (MVO), Permianville Royalty Trust (PVL) and Obsidian Energy (OBE).
What other stocks do shareholders of Chaparral Energy own?
Based on aggregate information from My MarketBeat watchlists, some companies that other Chaparral Energy investors own include General Electric (GE), Alibaba Group (BABA), Ford Motor (F), AVEO Pharmaceuticals (AVEO), Corbus Pharmaceuticals (CRBP), Gulfport Energy (GPOR), Pixelworks (PXLW), Energy Transfer LP Unit (ET), Abraxas Petroleum (AXAS) and Catalyst Pharmaceuticals (CPRX).
Who are Chaparral Energy's key executives?
Chaparral Energy's management team includes the folowing people:
Mr. K. Earl Reynolds, CEO, Pres & Director (Age 59)
Mr. James M. Miller, Sr. VP of Operations (Age 57)
Mr. Joseph O. Evans, Exec. VP & CFO (Age 65)
Mr. Mark Wallace Ver Hoeve, VP of Geoscience (Age 64)
Mr. Scott Clifford Pittman, CFO & SVP (Age 43)
Who are Chaparral Energy's major shareholders?
Chaparral Energy's stock is owned by a variety of of retail and institutional investors. Top institutional shareholders include Eidelman Virant Capital (0.37%). Company insiders that own Chaparral Energy stock include Kermit Earl Reynolds and Strategic Value Partners, Llc. View Institutional Ownership Trends for Chaparral Energy.
Which institutional investors are buying Chaparral Energy stock?
CHAP stock was purchased by a variety of institutional investors in the last quarter, including Eidelman Virant Capital. Company insiders that have bought Chaparral Energy stock in the last two years include Kermit Earl Reynolds and Strategic Value Partners, Llc. View Insider Buying and Selling for Chaparral Energy.
How do I buy shares of Chaparral Energy?
Shares of CHAP can be purchased through any online brokerage account. Popular online brokerages with access to the U.S. stock market include Vanguard Brokerage Services, TD Ameritrade, E*TRADE, Robinhood, Fidelity and Charles Schwab.
What is Chaparral Energy's stock price today?
One share of CHAP stock can currently be purchased for approximately $1.30.
How big of a company is Chaparral Energy?
Chaparral Energy has a market capitalization of $60.33 million and generates $247.36 million in revenue each year. The company earns $33.44 million in net income (profit) each year or $0.31 on an earnings per share basis. Chaparral Energy employs 194 workers across the globe.View Additional Information About Chaparral Energy.
What is Chaparral Energy's official website?
The official website for Chaparral Energy is http://www.chaparralenergy.com/.
How can I contact Chaparral Energy?
Chaparral Energy's mailing address is 701 Cedar Lake Boulevard, Oklahoma City OK, 73114. The company can be reached via phone at 405-478-8770.
MarketBeat Community Rating for Chaparral Energy (NYSE CHAP)
MarketBeat's community ratings are surveys of what our community members think about Chaparral Energy and other stocks. Vote "Outperform" if you believe CHAP will outperform the S&P 500 over the long term. Vote "Underperform" if you believe CHAP will underperform the S&P 500 over the long term. You may vote once every thirty days.
Featured Article: What is Forex?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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<div ng-controller="Programacion" ng-init="filtro.Estatus = 'Abierto';IdArea=<?=$IdArea?>;Turno=1;IdProceso=<?=$IdProceso?>;IdSubProceso=<?=$IdProceso == 1 ? 6 : 12?>;loadDias();">
    Programacion Diaria: <input type="week" ng-model="semanaActual" ng-change="loadDias();" />
    Turno: <select ng-model="Turno" ng-change="loadDias();">
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        <option ng-selected="Turno == 3" value="3">Noche</option>
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                Marca:filtro.Cliente,
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            } | orderBy:orden" ng-mousedown="setSelected(programacion);" ng-class="{info:selected.IdProgramacionSemana == programacion.IdProgramacionSemana}">

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                     (programacion.Programadas*1)}" ng-show="mostrar">{{programacion.Marca}}
                     (programacion.Programadas*1)}" ng-show="mostrar" style="width: 33px;">{{programacion.Prioridad == 0 ? '' : programacion.Prioridad}}
                    = programacion.Programadas, danger: programacion.TotalProgramado == 0, warning: programacion.TotalProgramado < programacion.Programadas}">{{programacion.Programadas}}
                    = programacion.Programadas, danger: programacion.TotalProgramado == 0, warning: programacion.TotalProgramado < programacion.Programadas}">{{programacion.TotalProgramado | currency :"":0}}
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                    <?php $class = $x % 2 != 0 ?'par' : 'impar'; ?>

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                    {{programacion.Programadas<?=$x?> / programacion.MoldesHora | currency:"":1}}
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                    <th ng-show="IdProceso == 1" class="<?=$class?>">{{programacion.Programadas<?=$x?> - programacion.Llenadas<?=$x?>}}
                <?php endfor; ?>

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Norway is a country rich in folk tradition, and in these piece, elements of folk dance and instrumental music are clearly represented. These tunes are fun, singable, and would fit perfectly on a program of multicultural music, or as a stand-alone on a concert of a more diverse nature. Complete IPA guide included. "The text exists merely to give form to the music and is meaningless," says Finnish composer Mantyjarvi, whose "El Hambo" in 1999 was an instant success with American high school choirs. In "Pseudo-Yoik" he takes a humorous look at the stereotype of the Lapland folk music. Fun stuff!


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text:
Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is a fluorocarbon with the chemical formula C2F4. It is the simplest perfluorinated alkene. This gaseous species is used primarily in the industrial preparation of fluoropolymers.

Properties
Tetrafluoroethylene is a colorless, odorless gas. Like all unsaturated fluorocarbons, it is susceptible to nucleophilic attack. It is unstable towards decomposition to carbon and carbon tetrafluoride () and prone to form explosive peroxides in contact with air.

Industrial use
Polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene produces polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers such as Teflon and Fluon. PTFE is one of the two fluorocarbon resins composed wholly of fluorine and carbon. The other resin composed purely of carbon and fluorine is the copolymer of TFE with typically 6–9% hexafluoropropene (HFP), which is known as FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer). TFE is also used in the preparation of numerous copolymers that also include hydrogen and/or oxygen, including both fluoroplastics and fluoroelastomers. Typical TFE-based fluoroplastics include ETFE, the alternating 1:1 copolymer with ethylene, and PFA, which is a random copolymer similar to FEP but with a minor amount of a perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether (PAVE) rather than HFP. DuPont uses primarily perfluoro(methylvinylether), whereas Daikin uses primarily perfluoro(propylvinylether) in manufacturing PFA. There are numerous other fluoropolymers that contain tetrafluoroethylene, but usually not at greater than 50% by weight.

Manufacture
TFE is manufactured from chloroform. Chloroform is fluorinated by reaction with hydrogen fluoride to produce chlorodifluoromethane (R-22). Pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane (at 550–750 °C) yields TFE, with difluorocarbene as an intermediate.
CHCl3 + 2 HF → CHClF2 + 2 HCl
2 CHClF2 → C2F4 + 2 HCl

Alternatively, it can be prepared by pyrolysis of fluoroform:
2 CHF3 → C2F4 + 2 HF

Laboratory methods
A convenient, safe method for generated TFE is the pyrolysis of the sodium salt of pentafluoropropionic acid:
C2F5CO2Na  →   C2F4  +  CO2  +  NaF
The depolymerization reaction – vacuum pyrolysis of PTFE at  in a quartz vessel – is a traditional laboratory synthesis of TFE. The  process is however challenging because attention must be paid to pressure, as well as the avoidance of perfluoroisobutylene. PTFE polymer cracks, and at a pressure below  exclusively C2F4 is obtained. At higher pressures the product mixture contains hexafluoropropylene and octafluorocyclobutane.

Reactions
Tetrafluoroethylene is a reactive molecule that participates in myriad reactions.  Owing to the presence of four fluorine substituents, its reactions differ strongly from the behavior of conventional alkenes such as ethylene.  Tetrafluoroethylene dimerizes, giving octafluorocyclobutane. Even normal alkenes and dienes add tetrafluoroethylene in a [2+2] manner.  1,3-Butadiene gives 3-vinyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane.

Safety
The main hazard associated with TFE is that of explosion, especially if oxygen is present. TFE reacts with oxygen at low temperatures to form an explosive oxide, the detonation of which is usually sufficient to trigger explosive decomposition of TFE to C and CF4. Explosions can also be caused by adiabatic compression if the TFE is handled under high pressure, which it typically is in an industrial setting. If pressurised TFE is allowed into a vessel or pipework at a lower pressure, then the atmosphere in the vessel will be compressed by the TFE, causing it to heat up, potentially to the point where it might detonate the TFE. This has been known to cause explosions. In industry, pipework is flushed with pressurized nitrogen, before the introduction of TFE, both to exclude oxygen and prevent adiabatic compression.

TFE is an alkylating agent, albeit a weak one, and as such is expected to be a carcinogen. LD50(rat, inhalation) = 40000 ppm.

Health effects
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies TFE as probably carcinogenic to humans based on animal studies.

See also
Tetrachloroethylene
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
Fluorochemical industry

References

External links
National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository
Tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride terpolymer – aka THV, melt-processable members of the fluorocarbon family

Organofluorides
Monomers
IARC Group 2A carcinogens
Organic compounds with 2 carbon atoms
Alkene derivatives

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With less than a 100 days to go before sovereigntyis handed over, the United States and the current Iraqi Governing Council (GC) need to build more legitimacy and public consensus to rally more support for the government that would be handed power on June 30.
In a conspiracy-ridden country, confusion and fear of the future are running high amongst the populations of Iraq. They feel that the United States and a handpicked group of individuals, the GC, are shaping the future of the country behind closed doors.
Every day, Iraqis wake up to read Western newspaper reports — quoted in local media — about changes in the plan for handing over sovereignty, fueling conspiracy theories and anti-U.S. activities, sponsored mainly by Iraq's neighbors, saying that the handing over of power will only be a show, and "the great Satan" will stay and drain Iraq of its wealth and resources.
Initially, some reports said that the current GC will be handed power. Later, others said that an expanded GC will take charge. The most recent report is that the United States will appoint a strong Shia secular prime minister to run the country.
This report is already sending shockwaves through the people. The first person that comes to their mind is Ahmad Chalabi, who is now forging a new alliance with the mullahs in Iraq and in Iran. A recent opinion poll showed that Mr. Chalabi tops the list of politicians that Iraqis do not trust at all. Saddam Hussein came second.
No official or public meeting has been held so far to ask the various people of Iraq whether they want any of these options or whether they want the United States to leave at all.
The common belief on the street now is that the Islamist Shia members of the GC are very much under Iran's influence and will dominate once power is transferred to Iraqis. This is particularly worrying for the secular Shias, the Kurds and the Sunnis.
This belief arose after reservations were expressed by the Shia Islamists and their secular allies in the GC over a clause in the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL), signed earlier this month, which gives governorates the power to veto a permanent constitution.
The people of Iraq fear that if the transition is not smooth and representative of the will of all Iraqis, the country will see chaos, more terrorist attacks and increased interference of neighboring countries who do not want to see a successful Iraq.
While the GC is supposed to be drafting an annex to TAL that shapes the government that will take control on June 30, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) is arranging town hall meetings around the country to explain to the people what TAL is about.
But many Iraqis believe that rather than holding post-mortem meetings on a law that will come into effect after the transfer of sovereignty, they need to be consulted now about GC and CPA plans to shape a new government.
Save for a number of unknown members, the GC is the most representative body of the people of Iraq. But it was unfortunately born with the defect of lack of legitimacy.
Critics of the CPA and GC, who do not want to see success in Iraq, argue that neither they nor their actions are legitimate. They will almost certainly claim that the June 30 government is not legitimate, too. At present, it is difficult to argue to the contrary.
The formation of the GC was a result of a series of meetings between the CPA and Iraqis behind closed doors. Furthermore, and although representative of the will of the people, the drafting of TAL was also done in a similar manner. Nothing at present suggests that shaping the new government is being conducted differently.
In the absence of democratically elected representatives, a process of legitimacy building is needed to inform the people and consult them on what is being decided for them.
Wide-scale consultation sessions with the Iraqi public through town hall meetings will make it easy to identify what the various people of Iraq want and give them a sense of ownership in the process of selecting a government.
Only then will the majority of the people of Iraq be supportive of the outcome. Opposition voices like that of Ayatollah Sistani will not be as loud as they are now.


text:
Q: how can I add the rule to this program? Suppose you have the following program loaded in prolog:
?- listing.
fast(ann).
slow(bob).
slow(norm).
true.
?-

How can I add the following rule to this program?
faster(X,Y) :- fast(X), slow(Y).

Can some one help me write it?

A: There are two options.

*

*Put the rule in a file, say faster.pl, then load that file with [faster].

*Issue [user]. at the prompt, then type the rule and issue EOF (Ctrl+D in SWI-Prolog).

A: Prolog database is dynamic: modification to rules' base can be accomplished with assertz/1 and retract/1. Then, adding to @larsman answer, you could write
?- assertz((faster(X,Y) :- fast(X), slow(Y))).

After that, from your facts base:
?- faster(X,Y).
X = ann,
Y = bob ;
X = ann,
Y = norm.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Female monkeys 'actively reduce' social network as they age
by University of Exeter
(A) Heat map showing age ranges over which each individual was sampled. Each row represents one individual. (B and C) Histogram showing the number of individuals in each age (B) and average age (C) class. (D) Schematic showing how average age and within-individual age were computed for each subject. Credit: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2022). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209180119
Female rhesus macaques actively reduce their social networks and prioritize friends and family as they get older, new research shows.
Having fewer friends in later life has been seen as harmful, including among humans. But the new study shows female macaques become increasingly selective, focusing more on relatives and long-standing friendships.
The results show females aren't shunned in later life—the changes are driven by the females themselves.
The research—by the University of Exeter, Arizona State University, New York University and the University of Pennsylvania—was carried out on Cayo Santiago, also known as Monkey Island, off Puerto Rico.
"This pattern of narrowing social networks with age is common in humans," said Professor Lauren Brent, from Exeter's Center for Research in Animal Behavior.
"Our study offers the most conclusive evidence to date that social selectivity is not unique to humans, and therefore might have deeper evolutionary underpinnings."
The study used eight years of data on more than 200 macaques, seeing how the social lives of each individual changed.
By ruling out other explanations such as the death of partners, the researchers found clear evidence of social selectivity by females.
"There are many possible reasons why macaques become more socially selective with age," said Dr. Erin Siracusa, also from the University of Exeter.
"For example, the benefits of social interactions might change with time. Young macaques might benefit from a wide social group that can help them explore and find potential mates.
"For older macaques, it might be easier and safer—in terms of everything from conflict to disease transmission—to stick with family and existing friends.
"New relationships also require more mental effort, so while we see no decline in time spent socializing, older macaques might save mental energy by shrinking their network."
The paper, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is titled "Within-individual changes reveal increasing social selectivity with age in rhesus macaques."
More information: Erin R. Siracusa et al, Within-individual changes reveal increasing social selectivity with age in rhesus macaques, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2022). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209180119
Journal information: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Provided by University of Exeter
Citation: Female monkeys 'actively reduce' social network as they age (2022, November 30) retrieved 9 February 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2022-11-female-monkeys-social-network-age.html
Close friends help macaques survive
Having good friendships may make for a healthier gut microbiome
Some monkeys prone to isolation
After Hurricane Maria, rhesus macaques in Puerto Rico sought out new social relationships
Social ties help animals live longer
Family ties give animals reasons to 'help or harm' as they age
Heavy necking: New insights into the sex life of giraffes


text:
"Please Check the Event" follows the emotional journey that will unfold when two former lovers pretend to be together to head on a couple's trip they won at an event.
Park Do Kyum, the leader and vocalist of an indie band. While he seems haughty and feisty, he has a romantic side that comes out during the most important moments. Ha Song Yi, a woman with a confident and youthful charm. She works as a botanical garden coordinator and passionately believes her mother's words that people are capable of betrayal but not plants. She finds herself struggling after breaking up with her boyfriend.
Seo Ji Gang is an essay writer who chooses to be a travel guide for couples in order to observe them for his writing.As he gradually develops feelings for Ha Song Yi, the three characters will portray an unpredictable love triangle.
Original Network: MBC;
Also known as: 이벤트를 확인하세요 Ibenteuleul Hwaginhaseyo Ibenteureul Hwakinhaseyo Please Check the Event Check Your Event
Air Date: Aug 14, 2021
Genres: Drama, melodrama, Romance, Youth
Starring: Ahn Woo Yeon (1991), Bang Min Ah (Mina - Girl's Day) (1993), Kim Hee Chang (1976), Kim Yeong Seon (1971), Kwon Hwa Woon (1989), Lee Jin Hyeok (Wei - UP10TION) (1996), Lee Joo Myeong (1993), Nam Kyoo Hee (1999)
Check Out the Event (2021) trailer
Check Out the Event (2021) full episodes
Check Out the Event (2021) Episode 4


2018 Divano Con Libreria Samoa Design Angolo A In Legno Sugre Angolare Moderno Pouf - Marketreview.INFO.
Marketreview.INFO (https://www.marketreview.info) - 2018 Divano Con Libreria Samoa Design Angolo A In Legno Sugre Angolare Moderno Pouf image uploaded on Friday, October 19 2018 by . this picture size is 1255 x 810. to download this image, you can hover on image above then right click and save as.
Gellery Of 2018 Divano Con Libreria Samoa Design Angolo A In Legno Sugre Angolare Moderno Pouf.


Children's charity Coram has called on the government to protect the rights of children following Britain's eventual exit from the European Union.
In a new briefing paper, the campaigners say the government must guarantee children's rights from the first day of Brexit onwards, ensuring that existing legislation based on EU law is maintained or even "enhanced". The rights of children and their families who have settled in the UK from abroad must also be protected Coram insists. An eventual British Bill of Rights, as discussed by the Conservative Party, must include children's rights the charity adds, and they believe the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child must be incorporated into English law.
I'm a Bremainer and I think Brexit is the worst decision in living memory.
But it's the democratic decision and I am becoming weary of this group and that group saying that Brexit must not lead to this or that changing. Every change in our laws and institutions which derives from our membership of the EU now falls to be reconsidered. No exceptions.
All the EU legislation in the world will never protect children from an alienating parent. The quiet but constant drip of poison is almost unstoppable.


Grammy Award-nominated violinist Robert McDuffie is a soloist but can also be found sharing the stage with Gregg Allman, Chuck Leavell, Anna Deavere Smith, and Li'l Buck. Philip Glass dedicated his second violin concerto, The American Four Seasons, to Mr. McDuffie. Mr. McDuffie is the founder of the Rome Chamber Music Festival in Italy and the Robert McDuffie Center for Strings at Mercer University in his native city of Macon, Georgia.


text:
for safety. Ricardo arose quietly, and made his way on the veranda. He could not lie still. He wanted to go out for air; and he had a feeling that by the force of his eagerness even the darkness and the silence could be made to yield something to his eyes and ears.
He noted the stars, and stepped back again into the dense darkness. He resisted the growing impulse to go out and steal toward the other bungalow. It would have been madness to start prowling in the dark on unknown ground. And for what end? Unless to relieve the oppression. Immobility lay on his limbs like a leaden garment. And yet he was unwilling to give up. He persisted in his objectless vigil. The man of the island was keeping quiet.
It was at that moment that Ricardo's eyes caught the vanishing red trail of light made by the cigar—a startling revelation of the man's wakefulness. He could not suppress a low "Hallo!" and began to sidle along toward the door, with his shoulders rubbing the wall. For all he knew, the man might have been out in front by this time, observing the veranda. As a matter of fact, after flinging away the cheroot, Heyst had gone indoors with the feeling of a man who gives up an unprofitable occupation. But Ricardo fancied he could hear faint footfalls on the open ground, and dodged quickly into the room. There he drew breath, and meditated for a while. His next step was to feel for the matches on the tall desk, and to light the candle. He had to communicate to his governor views and reflections of such importance that it was absolutely necessary for him to watch their effect on the very countenance of the hearer. At first he had thought that these matters could have waited till daylight; but Heyst's wakefulness, disclosed in that startling way, made him feel suddenly certain that there could be no sleep for him that night.
He said as much to his governor. When the little dagger-like flame had done its best to dispel the darkness, Mr. Jones was to be seen reposing on a camp bedstead, in a distant part of the room. A railway rug concealed his spare form up to his very head, which rested on the other railway rug rolled up for a pillow. Ricardo plumped himself down cross-legged on the floor, very close to the low bedstead; so that Mr. Jones—who perhaps had not been so very profoundly asleep—on opening his eyes found them conveniently levelled at the face of his secretary.
"Eh? What is it you say? No sleep for you tonight? But why can't you let me sleep? Confound your fussiness!"
"Because that there fellow can't sleep—that's why. Dash me if he hasn't been doing a think just now! What business has he to think in the middle of the night?"
"How do you know?"
"He was out, sir—up in the middle of the night. My own eyes saw it."
"But how do you know that he was up to think?" inquired Mr. Jones. "It might have been anything —toothache, for instance. And you may have dreamed it for all I know. Didn't you try to sleep?"
"No, sir. I didn't even try to go to sleep."
Ricardo informed his patron of his vigil on the veranda, and of the revelation which put an end to it. He concluded that a man up with a cigar in the middle of the night must be doing a think.
Mr. Jones raised himself on his elbow. This sign of interest comforted his faithful henchman.
"Seems to me it's time we did a little think ourselves," added Ricardo, with more assurance. Long as they had been together the moods of his governor were still a source of anxiety to his simple soul.
"You are always making a fuss," remarked Mr. Jones, in a tolerant tone.
"Ay, but not for nothing, am I? You can't say that, sir. Mine may not be a gentleman's way of looking round a thing, but it isn't a fool's way, either. You've admitted that much yourself at odd times."
Ricardo was growing warmly argumentative. Mr. Jones interrupted him without heat.
"You haven't roused me to talk about yourself, I presume."
"No, sir." Ricardo remained silent for a minute, with the tip of his tongue caught between his teeth. "I don't think I could tell you anything about myself that you don't know," he continued. There was a sort of amused satisfaction in his tone which changed completely as he went on. "It's that man, over there, that's got to be talked over. I don't like himl"
He failed to observe the flicker of a ghastly smile on his governor's lips.
"Don't you?" murmured Mr. Jones, whose face, as he reclined on his elbow, was on a level with the top of his follower's head.
"No, sir," said Ricardo emphatically. The candle from the other side of the room threw his monstrous black shadow on the wall. "He—I don't know how to say it—he isn't hearty-like."
Mr. Jones agreed languidly in his own manner:
"He seems to be a very self-possessed man."
"Ay, that's it. Self—" Ricardo choked with indignation. "I would soon let out some of his selfpossession through a hole between his ribs, if this weren't a special job!"
Mr. Jones had been making his own reflections, for he asked:
"Do you think he is suspicious?"
"I don't see very well what he can be suspicious of," pondered Ricardo. "Yet there he was, doing a think. And what could be the object of it? What made him get out of his bed in the middle of the night? 'Tain't fleas, surely."
"Bad conscience, perhaps," suggested Mr. Jones jocularly.
His faithful secretary suffered from irritation, and did not see the joke. In a fretful tone he declared that there was no such thing as conscience. There was such a thing as funk; but there was nothing to make that fellow funky in any special way. He admitted, however, that the man might have been uneasy at the arrival of strangers, because of all that plunder of his put away somewhere.
Ricardo glanced here and there, as if he were afraid of being overheard by the heavy shadows cast by the dim light all over the room. His patron, very quiet, spoke in a calm whisper:
"And perhaps that hotel-keeper has been lying to you about him. He may be a very poor devil indeed."
Ricardo shook his head slightly. The Schombergian theory of Heyst had become in him a profound conviction, which he had absorbed as naturally as a sponge takes up water. His patron's doubts were a wanton denying of what was self-evident; but Ricardo's voice remained as before, a soft purring with a snarling undertone.
"I am sup-prised at you, sir! It's the very way them tame ones—the common 'yporcrits of the world —get on. When it comes to plunder drifting under one's very nose, there's not one of them that would keep his hands off. And I don't blame them. It's the way they do it that sets my back up. Just look at the story of how he got rid of that pal of his! Send a man home to croak of a cold on the chest—that's one of your tame tricks. And d'you mean to say, sir, that a man that's up to it wouldn't bag whatever he could lay his hands on in his 'yporcritical way? What was all that coal business? Tame citizen dodge; 'yporcrisy—nothing else. No, no, sir! The thing is to 'xtract it from him as neatly as possible. That's the job; and it isn't so simple as it looks. I reckon you have looked at it all round, sir, before you took up the notion of this trip."
"No." Mr. Jones was hardly audible, staring far away from his couch. "I didn't think about it much. I was bored."
"Ay, that you were—bad. I was feeling pretty desperate that afternoon when that bearded softy of


The Koudmen award and certificate are bestowed to those individuals who have shown dedicated support and committment to SLUAG. Honorees are nominated and selected by the Executive Board.
An individual who pushes forward the cultural aspects of the Association/St. Lucia, (e.g. who embraces and pushes forward the mission statement and the objectives of SLUAG).
This award can only be received once.
Attendance and participation in the Association – someone who has helped and supported the Association in a consistent manner in the past year or more.
Commitment to events/association affairs on a regular/ongoing basis.
A recipient who has been given a Koudmen certificate before can be considered again.


text:
Irving Plaza Reclaims Old Name
Published Jun 1, 2010
Modified Jun 1, 2010
It's been over three years since Live Nation made the decision to rename Irving Plaza: the Fillmore New York at Irving Plaza. And it's been over three years that no one has called it that. The NY Times now reports that the old name, and with it the old marquee, will be coming back to the legendary venue by the end of the month. But why now?
Live Nation president Kevin Morrow says they are bending to the demands of fans, and told the paper, "It's always going to be Irving Plaza in New Yorkers' minds. That's where the mistake was made: taking a name and putting it on a building that already had a history and emotional ties with the local music scene."
Copping to the bad decision was just the first step, Live Nation also had to figure out how to build a replica of the old marquee, which they allegedly tossed in an alley behind the club. A graphic designer has been working on recreating it, getting design hints from the original, now busted-up one. While former owner of the venue, Andrew Rasiej, says, "Changing the name of Irving Plaza to the Fillmore is as silly as changing the name of Carnegie Hall," we're not convinced this isn't going to happen again if a big $ponsor steps in.
fillmore east
irving plaza
Jen Carlson has been an editor with Gothamist since 2004. Her writing has also been published on Jezebel, Deadspin, and a number of composition notebooks before the internet existed. In 2015 she won a spot in the inaugural Amtrak Residency program and traveled the nation via rail. She has an Ed Hardy tattoo, but she can explain. She is currently an editor and reporter on the NYC Accountability desk in the Gothamist + WNYC newsroom.