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Tracking The Feeling from stage to studio
The Feeling provide Paul Watson with an insight into their Little World
By Jo Ruddock
The Feeling's first commercial single, Sewn, reached a highly respectable number seven in the UK singles chart in February 2006 and their debut album Twelve Stops And Home, which was released later that year, made it to number two. The band went on to pick up a prestigious Ivor Novello award in 2007 for songwriters of the year and, in 2008, they topped the UK album chart with their second album, Join With Us.
Over the past 15 months they have been writing new material and working on pre-production for their third studio album, due for release later this year. On top of that, they still found time to organise their own unique and self-funded week-long music festival Little World in the popular ski resort of Meribel, in the heart of the French Alps.
Despite being bang in the middle of their pre-production schedule, drummer Paul Stewart says that Little World actually came along at just the right time because they were determined from the outset to nail the new songs as a live band before recording the album. On both previous studio offerings, all the songs were recorded before they'd been played live, which in hindsight The Feeling believe was to their detriment; with this record, they hope to generate more raw energy.
"What was cool was that we were able to use Little World as a sounding board for some of the new material that we'd been working on in the studio; at the time of the festival (March 2010) we were still learning and discovering how to play the songs," says Stewart. "The studio approach is generally much more considered and thought out; when it comes to the recording of each part, we try to capture as natural and solid a performance as we can and there's no room for experimentation."
Pre-production for the album has taken place in the band's own studio facility in Buspace Studios close to Ladbroke Grove in London. Their approach to recording has changed a lot since Twelve Stops And Home, most of which was recorded in a shed and engineered by the band. When they were asked by their label to re-record the songs in a high-spec studio, they failed to recreate the magic captured in some of their original performances and so had to make do with what they had – some of which had been recorded with sub-standard gear. This led to the mix engineer having to tweak the sounds to bring them up to scratch.
To ensure any creative magic isn't lost this time around, everything recorded at Buspace has been done as cleanly and as well as possible with high-end equipment, in case it ends up being used on the album; Stewart adds that any B-sides for future single releases are more than likely to come solely from the Buspace sessions.
The master will be recorded in just two weeks at RAK Studios in St John's Wood, London at the end of May with legendary Canadian producer Bob Ezrin, who co-produced Pink Floyd's seminal album The Wall and has worked with various other high-profile artists including Peter Gabriel, Alice Cooper, Kiss and Lou Reed. Ezrin was involved from the very beginning of the project; The Feeling worked with him at his home in Nashville and he made a trip across the pond to work with them at Buspace.
"We've learnt that preparing to record an album requires a totally different approach," says Stewart. "Little World was entirely about live performance and was fairly rough and ready, whereas in the studio we're looking at fine details a lot more. Bob's a fresh set of ears; he's taken whole sections out of our songs – things we'd previously considered to be focal points – and made them better for it; he's going to be key in RAK."
The studio, which was once home to Damon Albarn and Gorillaz, runs Logic (using Apogee converters) and includes a 48-channel Mackie analogue console with Onyx preamps (which guitarist Kevin Jeremiah likes because they are clean and provide a lot of headroom). Genelec 8050as are used for monitoring; all five band members have a pair at home to make sure they all have a consistent reference when playing tracks back. A Neumann M149 valve microphone and an Avalon VT-737-SP tube preamplifier are used for recording all the vocals.
Although his main instrument of choice on stage is a Les Paul, for recording work Jeremiah has an array of guitars; Les Pauls, Stratocasters, a range of acoustics (six- and 12-string) and a baritone guitar to name a few. Amplification consists of VOX AC30s and AC10s, plus a recent addition to his inventory – brought in especially for recording – a 5W Cornford valve combo, which he rates very highly. He uses the same footboard in the studio as he does onstage – mainly overdrive pedals.
Stewart has a very different set-up in the studio environment compared with live. He uses two drum kits for recording, both by Tama; a Starclassic and a Vintage Imperial Star, which he likes because of its unusually large kick drum (26″ x 14″). Also in his kit bag is a beaten up looking Ludwig 402 snare drum, which is similar to the one Led Zeppelin's John Bonham used back in the day. He picked it up in a junk shop in the US for $150, which he says is next to nothing for a drum of that quality. When in the studio, his choice of cymbals is constantly changing, though he opts mainly for Ks as he likes the darker sounds. Keyboard world includes a Rhodes, a Clavinova, a Nord and a range of quirky synthesisers.
As final preparation for the RAK sessions, The Feeling recently played (and multi-tracked) two secret gigs at the intimate Water Rats Theatre in Kings Cross, performing their new songs to 200 of their most dedicated fans each night. Jeremiah emphasised that the band's live performances can often support their studio work, not just in terms of practice, but for potential material as well.
"We recorded the Water Rats shows so that we can not only listen back to them to see what's going on, but with the adrenalin of a live gig there is often a lot of spontaneity within the performance that can sometimes really work, so if there's a particularly good guitar solo for example, we can lift it and put it on the album."
The album is expected later in the year and a tour will follow. It will be fascinating to compare the two after Ezrin and the band have established this complementary link between live performance and studio recording.
www.rakstudios.co.uk
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Chilling texts of 'killer' mom show she threatened to 'illegally take' daughter before she 'slit her throat in woods'
Luke Kenton
Published: 17:19 ET, Oct 18 2022
Updated: 8:09 ET, Oct 19 2022
A MOM accused of slitting her daughter's throat and strangling her to death in the woods sent a barrage of alarming texts threatening to "illegally" abduct the girl years before the horrific murder.
Melissa Towne, 37, allegedly admitted to taking her daughter Nichole Bradshaw, 5, into Spring Creek Park in Tomball, Texas, on Sunday and cutting her neck with a knife before suffocating her to death.
Melissa Towne is being held on one count of capital murder. Her bond has been set at $15millionCredit: KHOU
Towne allegedly admitted to brutally murdering her five-year-old daughter Nichole Bradshaw in a Texas woods on SundayCredit: GoFundMe
Towne's Jeep where Nichole's body was found on Sunday is pictured aboveCredit: KHOU
Towne was arrested later the same day after she drove to a nearby hospital, where an ER nurse looked into her car to see Nichole's bloodied body wrapped in plastic inside a mesh laundry bag.
The mom-of-four, who allegedly confessed to carrying out the killing in a subsequent police interview, said she decided to kill little Nichole because she believed she was "evil and didn't want anything to do with her anymore," according to court documents.
It's currently unclear why Nichole was in Towne's care to begin with as she did not have legal custody of the girl.
Nichole's father, James Bradshaw Jr., had full custody of her since she was a baby.
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In a statement, Child Protective Services (CPS) confirmed that Towne "does have a prior history" with the agency but declined to comment further, citing confidentiality laws.
But in court documents obtained by The U.S. Sun, it's revealed that Towne lost custody of Nichole due to unspecified "mental illnesses."
The information was shared in an affidavit for her arrest in April 2019, in which Towne was accused of illegally trespassing on Bradshaw Jr.'s parent's property and later smashing the windshield of his dad's car.
Bradshaw's father called the police on April 27 to report that they had found Towne sitting on their front porch the night prior where she started to argue with him "about her two-year-old daughter."
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"The complainant reported that Melissa does not have custody of the child due to mental illnesses," the affidavit reads.
"The complainant finally persuaded Melissa to leave and opted not to contact law enforcement."
But the following morning, Bradshaw Sr. entered his driveway to find his vehicle's windshield smashed. Bradshaw Jr. reported hearing a "loud bang" the night prior when Towne arrived at the home.
In a subsequent interview with police, Towne reportedly refused to meet with investigators because she was "going to jail."
When asked about the damage to Bradshaw Sr.'s car, she admitted that she struck the windshield with a wrench, the documents state.
She later pleaded guilty to one count of criminal mischief and was ordered to pay $803 in fines.
ALARMING TEXTS
A year prior, Towne had been arrested for harassing Kathy Bradshaw, Bradshaw Jr.'s mother, in a slew of text messages that varied from "vulgar to incoherent" in another argument about Nichole in May 2018.
Nichole, who would've then been around one, was commonly referred to by Towne as "Chanel" in posts on social media and to friends and colleagues. It's currently unclear why.
But in her report to the police, Kathy Bradshaw reported receiving a chain of 49 ranting messages from Towne across a four-hour time span that left her feeling concerned for her safety.
The incident began on May 11, 2018, when Kathy said she received a series of "unwanted text messages from Melissa Towne ... covering a gamut of topics, and varying from vulgar to incoherent," an affidavit reads.
"[An officer] instructed Bradshaw to tell [Towne] to stop contacting [her]."
Kathy complied by texting Towne, writing in all-caps: "DO NOT TEXT OR CALL ME ON THIS NUMBER AGAIN."
Towne responded "OK B**CH LOL" and continued bombarding her the following day, according to the affidavit, which again made her feel "worried and unsafe."
Melissa Towne sent a bombardment of unhinged texts to Nichole's paternal grandmother that landed her a harassment conviction in 2018Credit: Facebook
Nichole pleaded with her mom 'but I've been good' before she allegedly strangled and suffocated her to death after slitting her throatCredit: Facebook
One rambling and hard-to-discern message sent by Towne on the morning of May 12, according to court records, read: "Where is Chanel Kathy because y'all really need to either go give her back to the hospital or y'all need to return her back to me.
"You're not getting the documents you're not getting the trucks you're not getting the vehicles this s*** is f****** b******* there's even a f****** hospital bill my f****** mile-wide between me and she knows y'all won't be able to afford.
"Just f****** give me the baby back y'all were [sic] f****** lose in court I'm not even joking with you all f****** send you the f****** s*** and a text message give me my daughter back seriously for safety reasons hazardous reasons and some more s***."
Nichole has grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and a father that all loved her dearly and never thought such a tragic event would happen to such an innocent child.
The Bradshaw Family
In a second message during her unanswered diatribe, Towne bragged about her IQ to Kathy, writing: "Honestly my IQ doesn't even hit the charts the only thing I have a little bit of trouble with is freaking spelling."
Then, just 50 minutes later, Towne appeared to threaten to illegally seize possession of her daughter.
"I am illegally taking possession over Chanel and you need to go get your mental health warrant done and everything you can still see her the bradshaws [sic] can still see her but for now on for the safety and sake of everybody has it [sic] as wise she's coming back to me.
"Just have him initial it please off of your cell phone and I'll run it down on his piece of paper that I have the courts [sic] and I'll have him legally sign the papers in front of me please."
In total, Towne sent Kathy 49 messages - to none of which she received a reply.
She pleaded guilty to harassment in October 2018 and was sentenced to 45 days in Montgomery County Jail.
CUSTODY CONFUSION
How Nichole came to be in the care of Towne at the time of her killing remains a mystery.
It's also unclear whether Nichole and her father were still living with Kathy and James Bradshaw Sr. The pair were contacted for comment by The U.S. Sun but have not yet responded.
Neighbors who lived near Kathy and Bradshaw Sr.'s home in Magnolia told ABC13 that they all took turns taking care of Nichole when the family needed them to step in.
Nichole's body was found inside Melissa's car stuffed inside a mesh laundry bagCredit: KHOU
The murder happened at Spring Creek Park in Tomball, Texas, on SundayCredit: KHOU
"He was asking for help, and anytime we could, we would all help," one neighbor said of James Jr.
"He loved her. He was the best daddy he could be. We all knew something was wrong, and she wanted good for her baby.
"We kept her away, and we didn't want anything to happen to her, so we tried to do the best we could.
"But I can't imagine anyone doing that to a child at all, and when you find out it's someone you know, and especially a sweet little baby, it breaks your heart."
'PRAYING FOR JUSTICE'
Nichole was Bradshaw Jr.'s only child.
The Bradshaw family issued a statement on Monday, asking for privacy as they grieve the "horrible loss" of Nichole's life and "try to figure out how to go on from here."
"Nichole has grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and a father that all loved her dearly and never thought such a tragic event would happen to such an innocent child," reads the statement.
"She will always hold a special place in all of our hearts. We will always remember her as the sweetest little girl who never met a stranger.
"She was so full of love and giggles and her bright blue eyes shined so full of curiosity.
"We are hoping and praying justice will be served and the heartless monster who took our sweet girl away from us pay for the innocent life she took."
SICKENING CRIME
Melissa Towne reportedly confessed to murdering her daughter on Sunday, hours after the five-year-old's lifeless body was found in a mesh laundry bag in the back of her car.
According to police, Towne allegedly admitted to leading Nichole into Spring Creek Park and ordering the girl to get down on her knees.
She then is alleged to have pulled out a knife from her bag, as Nichole pleaded with her, screaming: "But I've been good."
Towne attempted to slit her daughter's throat but the girl survived. She then placed a trash bag over her daughter's head and suffocated and strangled her for approximately 30 to 45 minutes, court documents state.
From the park, Towne drove to an emergency room in Tomball and asked hospital staff for a wheelchair for her child, telling the nurses that her body was hurting.
Towne apparently told police that she killed Nichole because she believes she was 'evil and didn't want to deal with her anymore'
An ER nurse walked out to Towne's Jeep Cherokee and discovered Nichole wrapped in plastic and a bag, according to court documents.
Investigators said she had visible cuts to her neck and doctors pronounced her dead minutes later.
A knife was also found in Towne's pocket when she was taken into custody, police say.
Towne remains in custody on one charge of capital murder. Her bond has been set at $15million.
'UNHINGED' BEHAVIOR
A former colleague of Towne's told The U.S. Sun in an exclusive interview that the mom-of-four was "unhinged" and it was evident that one day she would eventually snap.
"She was unhinged," said the ex-coworker, who asked to remain anonymous.
"I worked with her at Denny's for a few months and nobody liked her because she was so weird.
"She'd go up to her tables and talk to customers in a Minnie Mouse voice like she was at daycare or something.
"These customers would be full-grown adults, like a 60-year-old couple with no kids, and they'd be looking at her so confused like, 'is she for real?'"
She was unhinged ... We knew she was just going to snap someday
An ex-colleague of Melissa's
Towne's strange behavior apparently earned her the nickname "crazy chick" among many of her fellow workers at the restaurant.
But the source, who worked with Towne from October 2019 until the pandemic hit in early 2020, said she went out of her way to be nice to Towne, believing there may have been something wrong with her.
"I tried to be nice to her because I thought, maybe she hasn't been socialized properly or something, but she would end up messaging me some of the weirdest s**t," she said.
"She would message me 'how you doing?' and I would be busy or something and not able to reply, but she would just continue on with the conversation by herself like she didn't know what was going on.
"Melissa was just really weird," added the source. "It's like you see some people and think, how are you holding it together?
"We knew she was just going to snap someday ... she was freakin' delusional, so I'm not shocked [at what happened], sadly."
'MY HEART IS BROKEN'
Towne's ex-colleague said she has been left heartbroken over the news of Nichole's death.
During their time working together, the source said Towne often spoke lovingly of her children, expressing pride about "beautiful all four of her children were, and she was very proud that they were all healthy."
But the source said the system and local authorities have failed Nichole and everybody else, insisting that for not one second should Towne have been allowed to be alone with any of her children.
"Whoever was supposed to be attending to Melissa failed, child services failed, the doctors failed, and the mental health system failed," she said.
"That child was not only a victim of Melissa and her range of mental health issues but the system, in general, has failed her - and the system has failed all the rest of us too.
"It hurts my heart," she added.
"I always had faith in Melissa that once she gets on the proper medication ... she's going to be a great person.
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"I don't know if they weren't giving her the right medicine, or if she wasn't taking it, but I feel bad for the rest of [Nichole's] family.
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"But they shouldn't have left that girl alone with Melissa."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are 18 assisted living facilities in Champaign, Illinois area. These facilities provide assisted living apartments and help with everyday tasks to elderly seniors. Champaign assisted living facilities also provide memory care assistance for senior citizens with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Some facilities are part of larger senior living communities in Champaign and provide continuing care options.
Bickford - Champaign Cottage provides assisted living services in Champaign, Illinois. It can house a maximum of 44 senior citizens at a time. With a location at 1002 S. Staley Rd, in the 61822 area code inside Champaign county, Bickford - Champaign Cottage assists those 55 and older adults who need assistance with activities of daily living. Some of the amenities offered by Bickford - Champaign Cottage include community outings and social gatherings, educational opportunities and arranged transportation. Bickford - Champaign Cottage is fully licensed by Illinois to provide senior living, with license number 5100232.
Inman Place specializes in providing senior living in Champaign county, Illinois. It includes a total of 60 studio and 1-bedrooom apartments for 55 and older adults. Inman Place is pet-friendly and can provide assistance with bathing, dressing and transferring to any seniors living in Champaign, IL and surrounding areas. Inman Place is located at 17 E University Ave, 61820.
When searching for senior assisted living in Champaign, Illinois, you will find Carriage Crossing Champaign as an excellent luxurious senior care option. It has a total of 60 assisted living units and includes services such as recreation and social activities. Its license number is 5105611. Carriage Crossing Champaign provides assisted living not only to Champaign residents, but also to all Champaign county residents as well.
If you need assistance with everyday tasks, Eden Supportive Living Facility can help you or your loved one to locate the assistance and care you need in Champaign, Illinois. Eden Supportive Living Facility has a total capacity of 148 seniors. It includes amenities like 24 hour security cameras, wellness center and dining.
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Willowbrook Of Savoy provides assisted living services in Savoy, Illinois. It can accommodate a maximum of 12 seniors at a time. With a location at 404 W. Curtis, in the 61874 area code inside Champaign county, Willowbrook Of Savoy assists those senior citizens who need assistance with daily living activities. Some of the services offered by Willowbrook Of Savoy include community and cultural events, on-site lectures and guest speakers and transportation to appointments. Willowbrook Of Savoy is fully licensed by Illinois to provide assisted living, with license number 5201394.
Willowbrook Of Savoy #3 specializes in providing senior assisted living in Champaign county, Illinois. It includes a total of 12 studio and 1-bedrooom apartments for 55 and older adults. Willowbrook Of Savoy #3 is pet-friendly and can provide assistance with bathing, dressing and transferring to any seniors living in Savoy, IL and surrounding areas. Willowbrook Of Savoy #3 is located at 408 W Curtis, 61874.
When looking for senior assisted living in Savoy, Illinois, you will find Villas Of Holly Brook -savoy as an excellent luxurious senior care option. It has a total of 50 assisted living units and includes services such as recreation and social activities. Its license number is 5104945. Villas Of Holly Brook -savoy provides assisted living not only to Savoy residents, but also to all Champaign county residents as well.
If you require assistance with everyday tasks, Eagle's View Retirement Center can help you or your loved one to find the assistance and care you need in Rantoul, Illinois. Eagle's View Retirement Center has a total capacity of 76 seniors. It includes amenities like fully secured premises, wellness center and multiple dining options daily. Eagle's View Retirement Center is licensed with Illinois and its license number is 5105371.
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Located at 1706 E Amber Ln, inside 61802 zip code area in Champaign county, Brookdale Urbana provides assisted senior living to Urbana, IL senior citizens and includes amenities such as scheduled transportation to appointments and a busy calendar of social activities. Brookdale Urbana can accommodate up to 100 seniors at a time. Brookdale Urbana has official license # of 5100349.
Situated at 66 East Airport Road, Savoy, Illinois, 61874, Autumn Fields Of Savoy can help any Champaign county resident with daily living activities and includes amenities like wi-fi, landscaped grounds and more. Autumn Fields Of Savoy can provide long term care and assisted living to a maximum of 46 residents at once. Its license number is 5104820.
Seniors looking for senior assisted living in Mahomet, Illinois will find Glenwood Of Mahomet, located at 1709 South Division Street inside 61853 zip code as a wonderful option for all of their care needs. Glenwood Of Mahomet is able to care for up to 44 older adults and allows seniors to stay with pets. Illinois records show that Glenwood Of Mahomet has a license number of 5104796.
When looking to see how affordable assisted living in Champaign is, it would help to know that assisted living facilities in Champaign, Illinois are #80 out of 334 cities in Illinois for affordability. The median cost of an assisted living facility in Champaign is $4,257 per month. The lower priced assisted living homes in Champaign can be priced as little as $2,527 per month, while the most luxurious Champaign senior living communities can go up to $7,176 per month. Champaign assisted living facilities are less affordable when priced against Champaign county, IL, which has an average cost of $3,933 per month and ranges from $2,297 to $6,786. On average, senior citizens can expect to pay $324 more per month for assisted living in Champaign.
18 Assisted Living Facilities in Champaign, IL. List of 18 best senior living options in Champaign for 2019.


April 5, 1929, the the U.S. Secretary of War transferred cryptologic functions from the Military Intelligence Division to the Signal Corps – creating the Signals Intelligence Service (SIS) with William F. Friedman as its head.
Wolfe Frederick Friedman was born on 24 September 1891 in Kishinev, then part of imperial Russia, now Chisinau, capital of Moldova. His father, an interpreter for the Czar's postal service, emigrated to the United States the following year to escape increasing anti-Semitic regulations; the family joined him in Pittsburgh in 1893. Three years after that, when the elder Friedman became a U.S. citizen, Wolfe's name was changed to William.
After receiving a B.S. and doing some graduate work in genetics at Cornell University, William Friedman was hired by Riverbank Laboratories, what would today be termed a "think tank," outside Chicago. There he became interested in the study of codes and ciphers, thanks to his concurrent interest in Elizebeth Smith, who was doing cryptanalytic research at Riverbank. Friedman left Riverbank to become a cryptologic officer during World War I, the beginning of a distinguished career in government service.
Friedman's contributions thereafter are well known– prolific author, teacher, and practitioner of cryptology. Perhaps his greatest achievements were introducing mathematical and scientific methods into cryptology and producing training materials used by several generations of pupils. His work affected for the better both signals intelligence and information systems security, and much of what is done today at NSA may be traced to William Friedman's pioneering efforts.
To commemorate the contributions of the Friedmans, in 2002 the OPS1 building on the NSA complex was dedicated as the William and Elizebeth Friedman Building.
Note: In the above featured image, William F. Friedman (center) with some of his cryptanalysis in the 1930s.
Thank you for this interesting article and for remembering W,F. Friedman's and his wife's role behind the Signals Intelligence Service as part of the larger history of what is now the National Security Agency. Army and Navy can and certainly do work together—MOST EFFECTIVELY! Andy McKane from our new home at Maunaloa, Molokai, Hawaii.


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Peja is a town close to the border of Montenegro. It was heavily damaged during the Kosovo conflict in 1999, but has since been rebuilt. Due to the proximity to Montenegro, it has a bustling border-town-feel with a central market selling local products and Kosovo souvenirs for the few visitors. The most famous product from Peja is without a doubt the beer, birra Peja, which can be enjoyed all over Kosovo.
Pristina's appeal is not so much in its sights (for there hardly are any) than it is its very existence. Kosovo was fighting for independence from Serbia for a long time, but it only gained it as recently as 2008. Serbia still does not recognize Kosovo, which makes border-crossing between those two a bit awkward. The city of Pristina has been serving as a base for peacekeeping forces for a long time, giving the worn down city a boost of after-war prosperity. This means the cafe and bar scene is superb and nightlife even better, while the rest is a bit behind.
Kosovo has most certainly seen better days. Seemingly endless years of war have reduced some really beautiful cities to nothing more than rubble. But the spirit to live on is strong, and many of these towns are emerging from the ashes, perhaps none more so than Prizren. Prizren is alive again as domestic tourism looks for a place to relax. A combination of a remodelled old-town, iconic stone bridge and hilltop fort (with expansive views) make this old town a natural winner. With plenty of churches, mosques and temples as well as bars, cafes and restaurants, there's plenty to do day or night. Prizren is arguably the highlight of the country.


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HomeAudio and VideoMiscellaneous LecturesThe Big Decision - On the Choice of a State in Life
Fish on Friday (Fr. Leonard Feeney) Audiobook CD Set
The Big Decision - On the Choice of a State in Life
By Brother André Marie, M.I.C.M.
What Brother André examines in this exciting and informative introductory presentation is the meaning of a vocation in general and how each of the four states of life serve the primary vocation of all the baptized faithful: a life of grace and eternal salvation. The four states of life are the priesthood, religious life, married life, and the single chaste life. What we have available for you here, in seven lectures, is a trenchant examination of conscience into the choices we make, or should make, in embracing the correct plan God has determined for us in order to attain our last end more easily. After absorbing the wisdom, both contemplative and practical, which Brother transmits in these carefully prepared lectures, you will be amazed how much you will benefit personally (in your own spiritual life), corporately (as a family), and altruistically in giving right and prudent counsel to others.
States in Life Set
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text:
An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment
Maged Abdullah Esmail, Habib Fathallah, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering
Free space optical (FSO) communication systems are affected by dust particles suspended in the atmosphere in arid and semi-arid regions. The presence of these particles in the air severely affects the optical link, reduces its availability and causes service outage. In the literature, the effect of dust on the microwave signals has been widely investigated. However, for FSO communication systems that exploit shorter wavelengths, information and research is still very limited yet almost inexistent. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the performance of FSO links under dust storms. We designed a chamber to emulate this specific environment and carry out measurements. From the experimental investigations, we derive and propose an empirical model for the signal attenuation as a function of the visibility range. The results show acceptable performance for FSO links, under moderate and light dust, with potential reach distance of hundreds of meters to few kilometers. Furthermore, a comparison analysis shows that the dust induces 7 times higher attenuation than fog.
IEEE Communications Letters
https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/10754/615922/1/07501899.pdf
Dive into the research topics of 'An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Free-space Optical Communication Mathematics 100%
Free Space Mathematics 90%
Optical links Engineering & Materials Science 89%
Experimental Study Mathematics 88%
Dust Engineering & Materials Science 72%
Attenuation Mathematics 59%
Communication Systems Mathematics 58%
Esmail, M. A., Fathallah, H., & Alouini, M-S. (2016). An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment. IEEE Communications Letters, 20(9), 1888-1891. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
Esmail, Maged Abdullah ; Fathallah, Habib ; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim. / An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment. In: IEEE Communications Letters. 2016 ; Vol. 20, No. 9. pp. 1888-1891.
@article{09eced6b95ea4919828d18f5de5230bf,
title = "An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment",
abstract = "Free space optical (FSO) communication systems are affected by dust particles suspended in the atmosphere in arid and semi-arid regions. The presence of these particles in the air severely affects the optical link, reduces its availability and causes service outage. In the literature, the effect of dust on the microwave signals has been widely investigated. However, for FSO communication systems that exploit shorter wavelengths, information and research is still very limited yet almost inexistent. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the performance of FSO links under dust storms. We designed a chamber to emulate this specific environment and carry out measurements. From the experimental investigations, we derive and propose an empirical model for the signal attenuation as a function of the visibility range. The results show acceptable performance for FSO links, under moderate and light dust, with potential reach distance of hundreds of meters to few kilometers. Furthermore, a comparison analysis shows that the dust induces 7 times higher attenuation than fog.",
author = "Esmail, {Maged Abdullah} and Habib Fathallah and Mohamed-Slim Alouini",
note = "KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01",
doi = "10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043",
journal = "IEEE Communications Letters",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",
Esmail, MA, Fathallah, H & Alouini, M-S 2016, 'An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1888-1891. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment. / Esmail, Maged Abdullah; Fathallah, Habib; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim.
In: IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 20, No. 9, 29.06.2016, p. 1888-1891.
T1 - An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment
AU - Esmail, Maged Abdullah
AU - Fathallah, Habib
AU - Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01
N2 - Free space optical (FSO) communication systems are affected by dust particles suspended in the atmosphere in arid and semi-arid regions. The presence of these particles in the air severely affects the optical link, reduces its availability and causes service outage. In the literature, the effect of dust on the microwave signals has been widely investigated. However, for FSO communication systems that exploit shorter wavelengths, information and research is still very limited yet almost inexistent. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the performance of FSO links under dust storms. We designed a chamber to emulate this specific environment and carry out measurements. From the experimental investigations, we derive and propose an empirical model for the signal attenuation as a function of the visibility range. The results show acceptable performance for FSO links, under moderate and light dust, with potential reach distance of hundreds of meters to few kilometers. Furthermore, a comparison analysis shows that the dust induces 7 times higher attenuation than fog.
AB - Free space optical (FSO) communication systems are affected by dust particles suspended in the atmosphere in arid and semi-arid regions. The presence of these particles in the air severely affects the optical link, reduces its availability and causes service outage. In the literature, the effect of dust on the microwave signals has been widely investigated. However, for FSO communication systems that exploit shorter wavelengths, information and research is still very limited yet almost inexistent. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the performance of FSO links under dust storms. We designed a chamber to emulate this specific environment and carry out measurements. From the experimental investigations, we derive and propose an empirical model for the signal attenuation as a function of the visibility range. The results show acceptable performance for FSO links, under moderate and light dust, with potential reach distance of hundreds of meters to few kilometers. Furthermore, a comparison analysis shows that the dust induces 7 times higher attenuation than fog.
UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=7501899
U2 - 10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
DO - 10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
JO - IEEE Communications Letters
JF - IEEE Communications Letters
Esmail MA, Fathallah H, Alouini M-S. An Experimental Study of FSO Link Performance in Desert Environment. IEEE Communications Letters. 2016 Jun 29;20(9):1888-1891. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043


Singapore is known for being the myopic capital in the world. Optometrists in Singapore stand at the fore front in the prevention and correction of myopia. Optometrists are also well versed in the detection. diagnosis and management of eye disorders. The Singapore Optometric Association (SOA) represents its member Optometrists in promoting and upholding the profession of Optometry.
For more information please visit our common eye problems section and vision care.
The SOA proudly presents the SOA Brochures. Click on the images below to access to the full brochures.
The 5th intake for Binocular Vision workshop is here! Click here for more info and registration!
An eyesight check is not enough.
Click here for our latest article in response to the war with diabetes.
SOA in collaboration with MINDEF has undertaken to sell spectacle frames and lenses to Pre-enlistees,Full-time National Servicemen (NSFs); Regulars and DXOs; and Civilians working in MINDEF/SAF;and DSTA personnel deployed in MINDEF on MINDEF Welfare benefits.
See the list of the participating Optical Shops for purchases. Take a look at the Spectacle Frames.
Looking for a registered optometrist in Singapore?
How do I check my CPE points?
Dear members, questions have been asked on how to log in and check the number of CPE points clocked-in, the answer is here.
Dear members, the SOA Constitution can be found here.
CPE 2019 is here! Click here for more info!
SOA Current and Past Events.


GEORGE F. SMITH, M.D.; DONALD H. ALTMAN, M.D.
The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the high incidence of intracranial infection (meningitis, cerebral abscess) when a complete occipital dermal sinus is associated with a dermoid cyst. In addition, important clinical and radiological findings are stressed that should make one suspicious when this condition is present. The congenital dermal sinus represents a midline defect whereby the dermal sinus opening in the skin is connected by a tract to a dermoid cyst in the posterior fossa. This pathway is a direct source of intracranial infection. The sinus tract extending through the occipital bone causes a bony defect which can be diagnosed radiologically. These radiological findings were mentioned by Matson and Ingraham2 in 1951 and later clarified by Logue and Till3 in 1952. During the past 10 years 17 cases have been published (Table 1), to which we are adding two additional cases.


My dear God, 'cause you're a lie, and people die,'cause of your lie.
All Agathocles - Fear Not lyrics are property and © copyright of their respective owners.
All Fear Not lyrics provided for educational purposes only.


text:
Fraud in eCommerce
Blog, Fraud in eCommerce
By Rafael Lourenco, EVP, ClearSale
In an ideal world, credit card transactions go off without a hitch. A customer makes a purchase and gets their product or service, and the merchant gets paid. And everyone is happy.
Unfortunately, e-commerce isn't an ideal world, and not every transaction is seamless.
Sometimes, a customer disputes a transaction with a merchant, resulting in the credit card issuer reversing the payment and returning the funds to the customer.
These payment reversals, known as chargebacks, are inevitable for merchants — especially those selling online. And if they happen too often, they can lead to significant direct and indirect costs for merchants. Here's what merchants need to know about the chargeback process itself and how they can protect themselves.
Step 1: Cardholder Files a Chargeback
The chargeback process begins with a customer making a chargeback request. And while customers often file these chargebacks because fraudulent activity is being conducted on their accounts, it's not the only reason. Here are the four main sources of chargebacks:
Criminal fraud occurs when someone uses another person's payment card information without authorization, and it's what typically comes to mind when merchants and customers think of chargebacks.
Buyers may make honest mistakes when they dispute charges on their statements — like when they completely forgot they made a purchase. Other times, consumer disputes are deliberate attempts to defraud a merchant and get something for nothing.
Authorization Issues
When merchants fail to get the proper authorization for a transaction, don't submit a valid authorization approval, or fail to provide a verifiable authorization, authorization problems and chargebacks can result.
When a consumer believes a merchant didn't hold up their end of the deal (like when a customer places an order but the merchant doesn't deliver it), it's considered a processing error.
Step 2: Credit Card Issuer Assigns a Reason Code
When a merchant is on the receiving end of a chargeback, one of the first signs that something has gone wrong in a transaction is usually when they receive a chargeback notification from the credit card issuer. Alongside this notification is a code that explains the reason the customer gave for filing the dispute. Not only do these codes give merchants a better understanding of why the chargeback was filed, but it also outlines what compelling evidence is required for a successful chargeback reversal.
Merchant Tip: By knowing individual card issuers' codes, merchants can identify which transactions have the most potential to affect revenue and which codes their business is most vulnerable to. That can help them become better prepared to prevent and defend against future chargebacks.
Step 3: Merchants Respond to the Chargeback
Once the merchant is made aware of the chargeback, it's time for them to act, making one of two choices:
Accept the chargeback and any associated fees and penalties.
Dispute the chargeback and prepare a response.
Before merchants make their final decision, they need to determine whether the chargeback is worth disputing.
It's true that chargebacks have significant costs that frequently exceed the cost of an unpaid product or service. But for many merchants, countering a claim may cost precious time and resources that would be better invested in other areas of their business.
But that doesn't mean merchants should never dispute a chargeback. In fact, there are situations when it's actually a smart move, like when:
The transaction was legitimate, and disputing the chargeback could help prevent the customer from filing fraudulent claims in the future.
You've already resolved the issue with the customer (e.g., you've refunded the disputed amount).
Merchant Tip: Just over 20% of global chargebacks are decided in the merchant's favor. So if you decide to fight a chargeback, it won't be easy.
If the merchant decides to proceed with disputing the chargeback, they'll need to comb through their business records for the compelling evidence that will prove the disputed charge is valid, such as:
Delivery confirmation that shows the order was delivered to the customer.
Correspondence between the customer and the merchant.
Proof the customer knew of and accepted the merchant's service, return and refund policies.
Screenshots of a customer's public social media account that show the disputed goods being used.
Merchants must be mindful that while customers have ample time to file chargebacks on a purchase (often up to 120 days), merchants have far less time to defend themselves. Visa now allows merchants just 30 days to respond, while PayPal offers just 10 days for a response.
And if merchants fail to submit their evidence in time, not only are merchants automatically assigned guilt, but they may also now face additional fines and penalties for not addressing the chargeback.
Step 4: The Credit Card Issuer Makes a Decision
If the credit card issuer decides in favor of the cardholder after reviewing the evidence, the cardholder gets to keep the funds.
And when a merchant loses, not only are they out the cost of the lost product, but they're also out:
Expensive chargeback fees and penalties.
The potential loss of their merchant accounts if their chargeback ratios are too high.
Reputational damage.
Even when merchants win chargeback disputes, they're inevitably out time, money and resources to do so. That's why it's critical for merchants to partner with a trusted fraud solution that will protect them against the expensive effects of chargebacks.
Some solutions even offer chargeback guarantees, which will protect a merchant in the event their fraud prevention provider inadvertently approves a transaction that turns out to be fraudulent and results in a chargeback. And with each chargeback potentially costing merchants $75, smart merchants are putting every possible strategy in place to protect their business.
Download the PDF version here.
Rafael Lourenco is Executive Vice President and Partner at ClearSale, a card-not-present fraud prevention operation that helps retailers increase sales and eliminate chargebacks before they happen. The company's proprietary technology and in-house staff of seasoned analysts provide an end-to-end outsourced fraud detection solution for online retailers to achieve industry-high approval rates while virtually eliminating false positives. Follow on twitter at @ClearSaleUS or visit http://clear.sale/.
How to Increase Your Instagram Engagement


The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) believes the increasing use of technology by firms will see a fall in the number of mortgage brokers operating in the sector.
Digital transformation including PSD2 and Open Banking are likely to accelerate the digital transformation of retail lending business models and the FCA noted this could be particularly so in distribution, as part of its annual review of the sector.
"As a result, new technology-driven firms entering the market are likely to compete for market share in a range of markets, but particularly mortgage intermediation and credit broking," it said.
It continued by noting that many consumers will opt for the greater convenience of online services as firms reduce costs.
"This may lead to a continued reduction in physical branches and a greater shift towards online banking. It will also lead to some disruption of both mortgage and credit brokers," it added.
The regulator also noted that it was seeing loans starting to be offered to consumers who have found it harder to get mortgages in the recent past.
It highlighted that self-employed, those on zero-hours contracts and older borrowers would become increasingly serviced.
And the FCA highlighted there was a risk of unsuitable consumer selection of fixed-rate mortgage products and that lenders are struggling to prepare their systems for cyber crime attacks.
The FCA agreed that growth in the mortgage sector was primarily driven by first-time buyers and remortgages and, that in the near term it expected any growth in this market to continue to be driven by these groups.
However, it also highlighted that it was aware lenders were starting to look at different customers with more complex income or employment situations.
"There are early signs that some firms are starting to offer loans to consumers who have found it harder to get mortgages in the recent past," it said.
"We expect more firms to respond to changes in the socio-economic environment by developing products in the short to medium term for consumers on zero-hour contracts, older borrowers, and the very-recently self-employed within the framework of our existing affordability requirements," it added.
The regulator issued warnings about the risk of consumers selecting unsuitable products including fixed-rate mortgages, and raised concerns over how lenders were struggling to prepare for cyber-crime risks.
The FCA said harm can be caused by consumers purchasing or staying with unsuitable products and this was caused by an imbalance of information, misleading point of sale material, a lack of consumer engagement, and/or consumers poorly assessing their own needs.
"This can arise from material given to consumers at the point of sale that exploits their focus on their primary purchase, where providing credit is an ancillary product," it said.
"It can also arise where consumers focus primarily on fixed rates in mortgages without also considering other options.
"This can occur in the debt management, high cost credit and mortgage markets," it added.
And it warned that the evolving threat of cyber-crime was driven by poor security and the increasing complexity of value chains, with established firms facing difficulties adapting their systems to keep pace with advances in technology.
"The potential size of this harm is a concern as many retail lending firms hold a wide range of consumer data," it said.
"This has led to the loss of consumer data, or firms being subject to fraudulent loans. Successful cyber-attacks also erode market confidence and could result in financial loss to consumers," it added.


Networking may not be the hottest topic in computing these days, but it remains the fundamental technology that ties together all of our devices and all of our services. After all, without networking there is no Internet, no cloud. Many different companies make networking equipment and software, but despite all sorts of "standards," making it all really work together—or interoperate—remains a challenge for IT professionals and for the vendors. For years, that's been the focus of the Interop conference, which will be celebrating its 30th anniversary in early May in Las Vegas.
That makes it one of the longest-lived technology conferences, so I took the opportunity to talk to Interop founder Dan Lynch about the history of the conference and current Interop General Manager Jennifer "JJ" Jessup about where the show is headed.
That the show has lasted 30 years is a "testament to the fact that customers want interoperability," Lynch said. He noted that all of the networking shows before Interop were vendor-centric, a situation that frustrated customers because no single vendor had all the solutions needed. This led to the "crazy idea" that everything should talk to one another, resulting in the creation of TCP/IP, which he said was built by customers, not vendors.
In August 1986, Lynch convened a workshop with the goal of explaining what TCP was and what it was not, focused on engineers, and convinced engineers from MIT, Stanford, ISI, and others, to come. At the time, the idea was to deal with the problem that "people were mucking up implementations" of the standard, and simply get the engineers talking to one another. He noted that HP had three different teams working on TCP, and IBM had five, and they "didn't even know about each other." About 300 people showed up at the first Interop, held at the Doubletree Inn in Monterey, CA. Lynch charged $100 "to pay for the donuts."
"I had no idea what was going to happen," Lynch says, looking back. He discovered there was a hunger for more information, and held another workshop at the hotel the following March with 700 people, and a larger one with about 900 attendees in December of 1987 at the Crystal City Marriott outside Washington DC. These were just conferences, not tradeshows, although there were a few tabletop displays.
This interest convinced him there was a market for a conference with a real tradeshow. He hired a conference organization and setup a larger show at the Santa Clara Convention Center in September 1988, which attracted 5,000 people and 50 vendors, including IBM, 3Com, Cisco, and Sun.
He remembers that on the night before the show opened, while he had hired guards to protect the booths, he instead saw engineers in each other's booths, helping to get things working right. That convinced him there was something different going on. It was also the first show where he saw corporate executives attending and being convinced by the engineers to buy products.
The next year, the show moved to the San Jose Convention Center; by 1990, the show attracted 30,000 attendees. Lynch sold the show to Ziff-Davis (publishers of PC Magazine), though he kept running it. At the time, Novell's Netware network was still dominant in local-area networks, and the company's Networld show was the big competitor. Lynch said he talked with Novell founder Ray Noorda about merging the two shows, and Noorda responded "If you get me in Japan, I'll give you my trade show." Lynch was able to get a show running in Japan and so in 1994, the show became Networld+Interop, a name it kept until 2005.
Lynch stayed involved until 1995. When Ziff-Davis Inc. was spun off into multiple companies a few years later, the conference group became first Key3 Media, then MediaLive, before being purchased by UBM (originally as part of its CMP division) in 2006. Interop GM Jessup notes that when that happened, many of the people who had been involved with the show in earlier years got involved again.
She said the basic concept—that technologies need to work together—still applies. However, the focus has shifted a bit to not only networking, but the applications that run on top of the network. She said we've seen "enormous consolidation and commoditization of network, so the original need has evolved into something very different."
The show is now targeted to IT managers and professionals, with an emphasis on networking, conversations, and larger infrastructure. She said this year would see less of an emphasis on the "plumbing" and more on working with the cloud, Internet of Things, and security.
She acknowledged that the show is smaller than it was at its peak—about 7,400 attendees and 250 exhibitors—and that this is a reflection of the market. It still has an enormous amount of good will, and Interop is one of the last standing independent trade shows aimed at IT. One important part that remains is the InteropNet, which sits in the middle of the show floor and lets companies try out their products and make sure they work together "in a relatively safe environment."
Lynch said he never thought the show would run for 30 years, with Jessup saying that it has only been possible because the show was able to "change and evolve." Still, both agreed that the need for making things work together—the original focus of Interop—is still the core.


I looked out the window to see other tall buildings as I'm located on the 19th floor of our building. People just walking around, cars passing down below unaware though it was really shaking up here.
No photos/pictures as it's probably not centered in Makati. Just wait for the latest news of the earthquake and hope it's not bad. Will look for the official news from Philvocs (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology) for this one.
Update: The Inquirer reported it's an intensity 6.2 earthquake that hit metro manila today, March 25, 2010.
I'm the only one in the this freakin' office using Windows Vista since I need to test and learn if our company needs to upgrade our mostly Windows XP to Windows Vista or maybe straight to Windows 7.
My Windows Vista Basic runs fine (but not my Lenovo Ideapad Y430 with a new LCD screen) until a couple of days ago when I noticed Windows Explorer hangs whenever I try to delete a file, rename or do some to other things. Task Manager won't show it's not responding.
Further tests prove only the current Windows Explorer window freezes and opening a new one will work but the window activity telling you the file is being sent to the Recycle Bin won't close and freeze on screen but you can minimize.
I will just use task Manager to re-start Windows Explorer but I need to find the solution to the problem. I checked if my system needs a patch but no software upgrade is available (my system's always updated as it should always be). This also affects Firefox browser (or Internet Explorer) whenever I need to save a downloaded file since it also uses Windows explorer in the background.
Asking google for solutions ended up with the question still unanswered "Windows Explorer has stopped working" problem.
SmartBro "USB Modem is Unavailable" Error Problem and Solution?
An officemate of mine bought a new SmartBro Broadban Internet plugit (a ZTE MF627) that doesn't work on her laptop, a Compaq Presario V3000. As the "resident evil" techie even with the IT Technical Support around, she asked for my help.
The SmartBro receives a 3G signal (HSDPA) but everytime I try to connect to the Internet, a pop up window with error message says: "USB Modem is unavailable"
At first I thought it's a conflict with the Sun Broadband also installed so I uninstalled the softare using the Programs in Control Panel, tried again but the error remained.
I then tried uninstalling the SmartBro also in Programs, then re-installed but again, to no avail, error remains.
Note that Device Manager reports no error, conflicts or driver problems.
For now I'm downloading the ZTE MF627 driver for Windows XP/2000 (there alre also available free ZTE MF627 driver downloads fro Linux, Macintosh (Mac), even Windows 7.
If the new driver fails, there must be something with the notebooks hardware or software installation that's incompatible with the ZTE USB modem or needed a patch/software upgrade.
with several error messages and crash reports, I switched to HTML version (though you can also switch to the older version with chat) to remedy the problem until Google fixes it.
Using HTML version is also lightweight but you need to check your emails manually to refresh and update unlike the standard version.
I'm using the latest version of firefox and i initially suspected one of my add-ons messing up.
Now this is showbiz but not your typical showbiz fodder.
Heard on Showbiz Central that DJ Grace Lee, that loveable DJ of magic 89.9, met an accident in Korea while skiing.
Skiing in itself is dangerous but I heard the details narrated by DJ Mo this morning during my daily drive to the office that Grace attempted to ski on a course for advanced/intermediate level and hurt herself in the process. Imagine Grace in bandages with broken arms (or ribs)...that must've hurt...and Grace Lee must've really cried due to the pain.
Grace Lee, take care of yourself will you? Though I i really don't like showbiz, you're one of those faces I'd love to see. You're more Filipina than most Filipinas I know when it comes to loving our country even if you're really Korean.
I just can't hide the fact that I'm such a huge fan of NBC's Heroes tv series. The very much delayed broadcast of the hit series on RPN 9 on Monday nights I also patronize just to get my Heroes fix.
For now i can't find the latest news about Heroes from NBC due to poor ratings of such an expensive series.
Yeah, I'm one of those wishing Peter gets his full powers back and a collosal battle with a supervillain but I know special effects are expensive thus limiting the budget probably why the fight between Sylar, Peter and his brother was not shown.
When can i have my dose of the latest Heroes Season 5 Episode torrent/free download since I can't watch Heroes episodes onlin here in the Philippines.
Why Don't I Receive Text Messages to My Sun Cellular?
I was informed of this lately when I sent SMS to several friends but no replies arrived. Then another day when I was aked why I didn't reply to her text message?
most of them offer free installation, costs of spacers/accessories vary from P400 to P800 for a 1-DIN HU to be installed in a 2-DIN car stereo slot on the dashboard. Some of these units have video/DVD and TV tuners but not recommended for drivers, so i prefer music-only HUs to avoid dangerous distractions.
Car-mount GPS unit with 4.3 inches display, speaks street names but is kinda slow to respond to touch commands. JPEG viewer.
comes with dash-mount kit and car charger (no Garmin mapsource CD installer), 1s track log recording (diagnostic logging mode) but I still can't find the data storage folder for the hidden tracklog.
I got it installed with OpenStreetMap (a free GPS map of the Philippines) accurate in Quezon City, Makati where I initially tested it.
Garmin Nuvi Price in Philippines is about P7000.00 but local support/service centers not that many so you should know where to take your Garmin products for repairs.
This would be the initial post about the Garmin Nuvi 1300, watch out for more!


text:
Q: ANTLR the input matches with the grammar but the program can't realize I'm writing a parser for SML messages. Input: a file with many SML messages. Ouput: a queue of messages with identified elements. This is my code:
grammar SML;
options {language = Java;}
@header {
  package SECSParser;
 import SECSParser.SMLLexer;
}

@lexer::header {
  package SECSParser;
}

@parser::members {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String file = "C:\\Messages.sml";
    SMLLexer lexer = new SMLLexer(new ANTLRFileStream(file));
    SMLParser parser = new SMLParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
    parser.program();
  }
}

@lexer::members {
  public static String place = "end";
  public static void setPlace(String text) { SMLLexer.place = text; }
  public static String getPlace() {return SMLLexer.place;}
  public static boolean placeIsType() {
    return (SMLLexer.place.equals("wb")
    | SMLLexer.place.equals("value")
    | SMLLexer.place.equals("type"));
  }
  public static boolean placeIsStreamFunction() {
    return (SMLLexer.place.equals("sf") | SMLLexer.place.equals("name"));
  }
  public static boolean placeIsWaitBit() {
    return (SMLLexer.place.equals("sf") | SMLLexer.place.equals("wb"));
  }
  public boolean ahead() {
    if ((input.LA(-2) == 'S') || (input.LA(-2) == 's')) {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }
}

program:(message)* EOF;
message:{System.out.println("MESSAGE     : \n");}
  {SMLLexer.setPlace("name");}
  name ws* ':' ws* {SMLLexer.setPlace("sf");} str_func
  (ws+ {SMLLexer.setPlace("wb");} waitbit)? (ws+ item)? '.'
   ws* {SMLLexer.setPlace("end");};

name:LETTER(LETTER| NUMBER| '_')* {System.out.println("NAME     : " + $text + "\n");};
fragment STR:~('\'' | '\"');
NUMBER:'0'..'9';
LETTER:(('A'..'Z') | ('a'..'z'));
str_func: (('S' | 's') stream ('F' | 'f') function);
stream: NUMBER+ {System.out.println("STREAM     : " + $text + "\n");};
function: NUMBER+ {System.out.println("FUNCTION     : " + $text + "\n");};
waitbit: {SMLLexer.placeIsWaitBit()}?=>('W' | 'w') {
  System.out.println("WAITBIT     : " + $text + "\n");
};
item:{System.out.println("ITEM     : \n");} ws* SITEM ws* {SMLLexer.setPlace("type");}
  TYPE ( (ws* '[' number_item ']')? ws+ {SMLLexer.setPlace("value");}value)?
  ws* EITEM ws* COMMENT? ws*;
SITEM: '<' {SMLLexer.setPlace("type");};
EITEM: '>';
TYPE:{SMLLexer.placeIsType()}?=>( 'A' | 'a' | 'L'| 'l'| 'BINARY'| 'binary'| 'BOOLEAN'| 'boolean'| 'JIS'| 'jis'| 'I8'| 'i8' | 'I1'| 'i1'| 'I2'| 'i2' | 'I4'| 'i4'| 'F4'| 'f4'| 'F8'| 'f8'| 'U8'| 'u8' | 'U1'| 'u1'| 'U2' | 'u2'| 'U4'| 'u4' ){System.out.println("TYPE     : " + $text + "\n");};
number_item: NUMBER+ {System.out.println("NUMBER ITEM     : " + $text + "\n");};
value:(item ws*)+| (string ws*)+| ((LETTER| NUMBER)ws*)+;
COMMENT:('/*' (options {greedy=false;}: .)* '*/') {$channel = HIDDEN;};
string:('\'' STR? '\'')| ('\"' STR? '\"') {System.out.println("VALUE     : " + $text + "\n");};
ANY:.;
ws:(' '| '\t'| '\r'| '\n'| '\f');

This is my file "Message.sml"
Are_You_There1l : S1F4 W.
On_Line_Data:S1F4 W
<L[2]
    <U4 13>
    <U4 7>
>.
W1Are_You_There: S1F4 W.

And the result is:
MESSAGE     :
NAME     : Are_You_There1l
STREAM     : 1
FUNCTION     : 4
WAITBIT     : W
MESSAGE     :
NAME     : On_Line_Data
STREAM     : 1
FUNCTION     : 4
WAITBIT     : W
ITEM     :
MESSAGE     :
NAME     : L
TYPE     : U4
TYPE     : U4
MESSAGE     :
NAME     : Are_You_There
STREAM     : 1
FUNCTION     : 4
WAITBIT     : W

**C:\Messages.sml line 4:1 mismatched input 'L' expecting TYPE
C:\Messages.sml line 4:2 mismatched input '[' expecting ':'**

I don't know why my program can't realize TYPE:'L'?? I tried with TYPE'U4', it works.

A: There are too many things going wrong to be able to provide an answer to your question. Even if your question gets answered, it wouldn't be of any help because the grammar contains too many errors. I recommend throwing this away and starting over. But before starting over, read a couple of ANTLR tutorials or get a hold of a copy of The Definitive ANTLR Reference.
Some of the issues:

*

*you don't seem to know the difference between parser and lexer rules. Some of your parser rules should be lexer rules and some of your lexer rules should really be parser rules;

*you use fragment rules inside parser rules: this will never work since fragment rules will never turn into tokens themselves. Fragment rule can only be used in lexer rules (or other fragment rules);

*you're setting (static) lexer-variables from the parser: you cannot do this! The parser buffers tokens at its own will causing your logic to go horribly wrong. There is a strict separation between the lexer and parser: the lexer simply produces tokens without any interference from the parser! Lexing is a separate process. If you do want that, choose something other than ANTLR (Google for "scannerless parsing", "PEG" and/or "packrat"). This problem is most probably why 'L' isn't being tokenized as a TYPE in your particular case;

*you're using literal tokens, like ('W' | 'w'), but also a LETTER as a lexer rule. However, a single 'w' or 'W' will now never be tokenized as a LETTER since. Defining literal tokens inside parser rule is more or less the same as doing:
W : 'w' | 'W';
LETTER : 'a'..'z' | 'A'..'Z'; // this will never match a 'w' or 'W' now!
This also has to do with the fact that ANTLR's lexer operates independently from the parser.
Again: you really need to master the basics before continuing IMO.
Best of luck!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Didn't make it to Chicago? This roundup covers what you may have missed.
The CoSN 2017 conference blew in and out of the Sheraton Grand Chicago much like the rain and wind did this week — fast and furious. It was a tornado of ideas, networking and deep learning.
EdTech has covered the magic of kids helping other kids by printing them highly useful 3D prosthetic hands, given readers tips for technology implementations and personalized learning success, as well as shared the journeys of several inspiring CoSN speakers and award winners.
But don't feel left out if you didn't get to experience CoSN in person. We've curated some of the top tweets and posts from #CoSN17 and #CoSN2017.


text:
Mom of Extremely Premature Triplets Dies After Her Three Newborns Went Home for Christmas
She died unexpectedly just days after finally taking her now nine-month-old triplet girls home from the hospital.
By Hannah Smothers
Go Fund Me/Park Triplets
Just days after finally taking her nine-month-old triplet girls home from the hospital for Christmas, Rachel Park, 39, died suddenly and unexpectedly on Tuesday.
According to the BBC, Park, who lived in the UK with her family, gave birth to Poppie, Mollie, and Evelyn in March, 14 weeks before their due date. Park and her husband Steven had a hard time conceiving, and spent six years and underwent four rounds of IVF before becoming pregnant with the triplets.
The triplets — who Park said were tiny, and whose combined weighed less than two bags of sugar — finally came home from the hospital a few days before Christmas. And then, tragically, their mother died just two days later in a manner police said was "unexplained but not suspicious."
There's now a Go Fund Me page for the Park triplets to help raise money for the surviving husband and father.
Follow Hannah on Twitter.
Hannah Smothers Hannah writes about health, sex, and relationships for Cosmopolitan, and you can follow her on Twitter and Instagram.
Mom Killed After Visiting Her Babies at Hospital
A Mother of 5 Died 1 Week After Giving Birth to Triplets
Twin Whose Hugging Photo Went Viral Has Died
Newborn Dies in Jail After Officers Ignore Birth
This Woman and Her Newborn Died After a Pregnancy Complication Went Undetected
Teen Dies on Christmas Eve After Dad Accidentally Shoots Her in the Face


This series is a collection of reduction linocut images exploring themes of identity, feminism and family history. Our identity reflected in what we choose to collect and value. Stuffed into drawers, stacked in antique shops and handed down as heirlooms you will find domestic art. This varied and colourful series spans several centuries of inspiration.


Mitsubishi is creating 400 new jobs, with vacancies available at its showrooms, technical and head office. Sales at the company are up 32 per cent on last year and up 197 per cent in July, according to SMMT figures, which has resulted in a new UK recruitment drive.
Mitsubishi Motors in the UK employs 200 staff at its head office in Cirencester and a further 60 at its vehicle import handling facility at the Royal Portbury docks, Bristol. The business supports the employment of around 2000 staff at UK dealerships and service centres.


Our Poznan Half Marathon now only two weeks away, Gisi and I needed to get in another solid 20K training run, so I planned a run straight down south to the border of Berlin, east along the Mauerweg, and then up as far as we needed to go to get a DriveNow or Car2Go.
Using Maps.me, an app I can highly recommend for finding running trails, I found an 80% no-road-no-traffic, park-to-park-path route from the Alt-Lankwitz Dorfkirche all the way down to the Mauerweg near the Gustav Heinemann school.
Once at the border, the Mauerweg was very nice running, wide paths, few people, and lots of trees and fresh air, but we eventually hit the S-Bahn and had to cut back into Lichtenrade to find a place to cross over the tracks, but used the opportunity to stop at a Shell station to get a large, cold Multivitamin drink, then it was off to the border of Berlin again, after which a 1K run north along the border got us back into Berlin.
I saw on Google Maps that a bus to Lichtenrade was arriving in two minutes, so we ran to the bus stop, hopped on the bus, and took that and the S-Bahn all the way to Attilastr. with a 1K walk home from there. The weather was wonderful, the first t-shirt-only training run of the year. In any case, we're now ready for our 8th half marathon together in two weeks.


PARDEC in Èkuanitshit to see the effects of climate change and to lead the dialogue on adaptation capacities.
Climate Change : PARDEC was awarded a grant from the Secrétariat aux affaires autochtones of Quebec to conduct a public consultation on capacity development of the Innu community of Ekuanitshit in the area of resilience and adaptation to climate change.
Humanitarian assistance in the DR Congo : Following the supply of beds and kit for primary care to the Mboko health center, PARDEC has answered the call of the president in DR Congo by initiating an activity aimed at mobilizing Quebec humanitarian organizations to support the new government's action in the area of agriculture, food security, education and health.
Promotion of editorial diversity : A cooperation protocol was signed between PARDEC and the Ministry of Culture and Communications of Haiti to promote editorial diversity within the context of an asymmetrical cooperation between Quebec and Haiti. This initiative is the third phase of PARDEC's ''Reconstruction through books'' project, launched in 2014.
Electrification of the BASSE Health Center in Burkina Faso : Project funds have been collected, the design and sizing of the system have been completed and the installation of the solar system is to take place in April 2019. The project's objective is to improve basic health care in the rural region of BASSE using photovoltaic energy.
Contact us online at info@pardec.org for additional information.
Emphasizes the improvement of women's and children's living conditions, which we consider the two paramount indicators of the level of development of any community.
Guided by international development professionals, whether still active or retired, most of them volunteers; our organization support and accompanies local associations from countries in the definition, development and implementation and management of their sustainable projects.
An apolitical, non-profit, international cooperation organization located in Montreal, Canada.


» BSRDCL Recruitment for CS and CAO: Apply Now!
BSRDCL Recruitment for CS and CAO: Apply Now!
An official employment notification has been released by the Bihar State Road Development Corporation Ltd (BSRDCL), Patna calling out for candidates to apply for the posts of Chief Accounts Officer on contract basis.
The maximum age limit for the candidates is 45 years.
Reservation will be allocated as per government rules.
How to apply for BSRDCL recruitment?
Interested and eligible candidates should send application form in prescribed format along with the attested copies of relevant documents and testimonials to the Corporation Office (Bihar State Road Development Corporation Ltd ,RCD Central mechanical workshop campus, Near Patna Airport, Sheikhpura, Patna-800014 on or before 4th December 2017.
The last date for receiving the application is 4 December 2017. Applications sent after that will not be considered for sure.


Ride Illinois is excited to announce that we have released an online resource teaching truck drivers how to be safer around bicycles. A new Truck Driver module has been added to the statewide organization's popular BikeSafetyQuiz.com website.
Our BikeSafetyQuiz.com online lessons continue to be successfully used by cyclists, drivers, students, police departments and others to increase knowledge on bicycling safety and on driving in the presence of bikes. More than 75,000 people, since 2013, have participated in our easy-to-use resource that includes IL Secretary of State approved content and provides both cyclists and motorists with interactive instruction on relevant state laws and avoiding common car-bike crashes.
As with the other four modules serving various audiences, the Truck Driver module covers crash avoidance and relevant state laws. The module is also appropriate for drivers of busses and other large vehicles.
In addition, new questions, on how bicyclists can ride more safely around trucks and other large vehicles, have been added to the Adult Bicyclist module of BikeSafetyQuiz.com. The situations covered come directly from the five cyclist fatalities, involving trucks, in Chicago since 2016.
Ride Illinois plans to spread the new BikeSafetyQuiz.com content to cyclists, motorists, and driver education programs, while specifically reaching out to companies with truck drivers.


text:
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../../../spec/spec_helper'

plugin_spec_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Logger.new(plugin_spec_dir + "/test.log")

databases = YAML::load(IO.read(plugin_spec_dir + "/db/database.yml"))
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(databases[ENV["DB"] || "sqllite3"])
load(File.join(plugin_spec_dir, "db", "schema.rb"))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


PVI Solid ramps are designed to make it easier for carts, dollies, and hand trucks to get over thresholds and obstacles. Solid ramp offer a high traction safety tape for better traction even when wet on an anti-slip surface, among other recent improvements. The one-piece design makes it ideal for wheelchairs and scooters with three or four wheels. Solid ramp is constructed of aluminum and has a slip-resistant surface, and the load capacity is 800 pound.
Width 30" 36" 30" 36" 30" 36"
Weight 15 lbs. 18lbs. 20 lbs. 23 lbs. 25 lbs. 30 lbs.


Stove Spares Ltd is proud to announce the launch of our newest product. We have developed our own specification rope adhesive glue designed for use on wood burning stoves.
Our glue has been developed to provide a very tacky consistency which will ensure the rope stays in place whilst the repair is taking place.
We spent a lot of time designing our custom made bottles and we are proud to announce our 30ml postage saver bottles which can be sent through the post via large letter for only £0.98 via 1st class large letter service compared to a standard round bottle which has to be sent as a small parcel costing £3.35. Thats a saving of £2.37!
We offer the fantastic 30ml postage saver bottles and we also offer a 100ml traditional bottle for larger jobs or for Chimney Sweeps and fitters who use glue throughout the day.
Looking for a new stove rope glue supplier with fantastic discounts? Check out our glue and request a free sample today by visiting our site and supplying your details. We will send you a free sample and a price list should you like our glue.


text:
January 20, 2018 | Media
Former Gazette hockey columnist Red Fisher dies — here are some obituaries to read
Red Fisher died on Friday. The legendary writer (one of the few people I don't hesitate to use that overused term for) covered the Montreal Canadiens for the Montreal Star and Gazette from 1955 until he retired in 2012, covering 17 of the team's 24 Stanley Cups and earning the admiration and respect of an entire industry.
Classic @mtlgazette photo of Red Fisher, who passed away today at age 91, the way I will always remember him at his centre-ice seat in the press box at the Bell Centre (and before that the Forum). #Habs #HabsIO pic.twitter.com/b3pCodC0YB
— Stu Cowan (@StuCowan1) January 19, 2018
He comes from another era of sports journalism, when a reporter could talk directly with the players outside of well-managed availabilities authorized by the PR department, when they could exchange information off the record, and players would even ask advice from an encyclopedia of hockey.
I don't have any personal stories about Fisher. We spoke a handful of times, and by "spoke" I mean I was occasionally the sports editor receiving his postgame story and he would call to confirm I had received it and I would say yes before we both hung up. But there is no shortage of writers in the industry who sprang into action to pay tribute to the man, sharing stories that you'd think were too good to be true. News outlets all over published news stories about his passing, and TV and radio outlets interviewed people who knew him.
I won't even try to compile all the social media reaction because there's just too much of it. (Stu Cowan has been retweeting a lot of it and NBC Sports has compiled some of them.) Instead, here are some well-written obituaries by people who knew Fisher well and are honouring him as he should be — with words:
Michael Farber, for the Montreal Gazette: "He was a distinctive writer, often bypassing the who-what-where-why journalism conventions for something as informative but more stylish, punctuated with tics and flourishes that hardened into an inimitable style." (Farber also spoke to TSN and TSN 690)
Dave Stubbs, NHL.com: "There isn't a player Red covered, an owner or general manager whose team he was around, or reader who absorbed his every typed or broadcast word who doesn't have a memory or a story to share."
Ken Campbell, The Hockey News: "Fisher was unique in that he was close to the team – in fact Beauchamp referred to him as "part of our family" – but he had the integrity to be critical and tough, but fair, when warranted."
Bill Beacon, The Canadian Press: "Fisher was often seen as curmudgeonly and foul-tempered, but he was also a no-nonsense reporter who broke scores of stories and seemed to know everything that was going on in Montreal and around the league. He was an insider before "insider" became a sports media job description."
Jack Todd, Montreal Gazette: "To be very good at anything he does, a man has to be many things. To be great, to have influence that radiates in all directions, a man has to fit with his time and place. Red meshed with his time and in many ways defined it, to an extraordinary degree."
Pat Hickey, Montreal Gazette: "The one quality that impressed me the most was his humanity. He was often described as a curmudgeon, but his body of work is filled with stories that reflect his concern for people."
Bertrand Raymond, RDS: "Il était comme ça, Red. Le plus grand journaliste sportif de son époque est parti sans qu'on sache vraiment qui il était vraiment. C'était un être mystérieux. Était-il vraiment maussade, voire morose, ou jouait-il simplement une game? Était-ce une façade tout ça? S'était-il forgé une image au fil du temps afin de bien délimiter son territoire?"
Sean Gordon, Globe and Mail: He joined the Canadiens beat in the days of train trips and fedoras, when television was in its infancy, and he retired in a world of nine-digit contract extensions, live streaming and social media. Over that time, he became synonymous with the sport in Montreal and beyond.
Arpon Basu, The Athletic: The public image he portrayed – and cultivated – is nothing like how his friends describe him. And he had so many friends. Which obviously goes in direct contrast to that public persona, the great myth of Red Fisher the grump.
If other columns get published, I'll add the best of them to this list.
(As a bonus, here's Red Fisher on a 1983 episode of Hockey Magazine on CFCF-12, chatting with Dick Irvin.)
Prior to puck drop, the @CanadiensMTL held a very touching tribute for the legendary Red Fisher. pic.twitter.com/Jildi4KsHl
— Sportsnet (@Sportsnet) January 21, 2018
UPDATE (Jan. 20): The Canadiens paid tribute to Fisher before the start of Saturday's game against the Bruins. There was also a toast in his honour by the media.
UPDATE (Jan. 24): Fisher's funeral was today. His official death notice is here. And I guess the cat's out of the bag about Red's real first name being Saul.
Tags: obituaries, Red Fisher
← Media News Digest: Debra Arbec gets CSA nomination, Spike becomes Paramount, Kim Sullivan wants to be a mom Cogeco is ready for HD Radio, but isn't eager to jump on it →


When you are locking for a specialist for replacing your locks, you find at Locksmith and Security specialist Eringa your right partner.
Choosing us, you choose for quality and craftsmanship. Daily we replace locks and we know exactly what type of locks your door should need. That is why we don't just start with replacing your locks. Our locksmith first discusses the different possibilities with you. Do you want to reduce the chance of a break-in? Do you want to have the same key on all doors? We have a suitable solution for all your wishes!


text:
Chlorella: The Ultimate Detox Superfood
Home/Health-Articles/Chlorella: The Ultimate Detox Superfood
"Superfood" is one of those words that's become so trendy and overused, it's kind of lost its meaning. And technically speaking, the word has no true meaning: There's no official definition of superfood or approved list of benefits that a food must have to qualify as one.
That said, there are certainly some foods that are nutritionally superior to others and worth incorporating into your diet. The trick to discovering them is looking beyond the marketing claims and media hype and digging into the research and history. I've done a lot of that over the years in my personal quest for the best diet to support my health and recover from chronic Lyme disease and fibromyalgia, and in the process, I've developed my own top-three list of superfood qualifications.
In my book, a superfood must be:
Immune enhancing
Nourishing, particularly to the gastrointestinal tract
So far, I've found plenty of foods that meet one or two of these criteria, but only one that knocks all three out of the park: Chlorella.
Meet Nature's Best Kept Secret
Chlorella is a freshwater, single-cell green algae that, despite its tiny size, is incredibly dense with nutrients. Surprisingly, it's packed with protein: Gram for gram, chlorella contains more protein than any other food out there. To give you a comparison, there are 63.8 grams of protein per 100 grams of chlorella, compared to just 27 grams of protein in 100 grams of sirloin steak.
Chlorella is also a top source of chlorophyll, a potent antioxidant and pigment that gives the algae its bright green hue. And it's rich in all sorts of beneficial vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes, omega-3 fatty acids, and other antioxidants.
When I started taking chlorella years ago, the thing I noticed most was the improvement in my gastrointestinal function. Everything seemed to be working better; I had less constipation—I just felt good. The benefits were compelling enough on their own, but sometimes it's the things you can't immediately see or even feel that matter even more.
Here's what my research revealed about chlorella's superfood powers.
It's a Potent Detoxifier
The credit here goes to chlorella's chlorophyll, which has a long history of helping treat wounds and deodorizing the body 1,2. It was implemented for wound healing during World War II and beyond, and people have used it for centuries to alleviate bad breath and body odor. Chlorophyll's ability to deodorize points to antimicrobial properties, because anaerobic bacteria that excrete foul-smelling sulfur compounds are usually the source of odor to begin with.
Chlorophyll molecules also bind to toxins in the GI tract and hold them there, preventing them from being absorbed into your tissue. These toxins include organic-type ones such as herbicides, pesticides, and possibly mycotoxins from molds, as well as heavy metals and plastics such as BPA and phthalates, which are being studied as possible endocrine disruptors and carcinogens.
There's also a good amount of evidence pointing to chlorella's ability to help prevent the body's accumulation of dioxins. These environmental pollutants make their way into the food chain—primarily through meat and dairy products and seafood—and they've been linked with reproductive and developmental problems, immune system damage, hormone disruption, and even cancer.
The research suggests chlorella helps prevent dioxin accumulation in a few ways. First, it appears to hinder the absorption of dioxins via food in the gastrointestinal tract 3. And second, it seems to inhibit the reabsorption of dioxins already in the intestinal tract 4. The result, in both cases, is that the dioxins are excreted rather than stored.
What I like best about chlorella is that it enhances the body's natural detoxification process, as opposed to being an abrupt and possibly damaging detoxifying agent. Your body is actually pretty good at detoxifying on its own, but heavy metals and other organic toxins can still get lodged in your fatty tissues and disrupt immune function, setting the stage for chronic illness to occur. Chlorella is a gentle chelator: it gradually pulls out heavy metals and other things that may be residing in tissues. I prefer the species Chlorella pyrenoidosa, which seems to have better detoxification properties than other species like Chlorella vulgaris.
It Supports Immune Function
Our immune system is highly complex, with different cells specializing in different things. For instance, when something goes wrong, first response white blood cells are sent in to assess the situation. They then send out cytokines, chemical messengers that bring in other cells to mop up the problem and move on.
One type of immune cell in particular—TH1 cells—produce cytokines that deal with intracellular bacteria and viruses in a process called a TH1 response. But stealth microbes such as Borrelia (commonly associated with Lyme), mycoplasma, and Bartonella can outsmart TH1 cells. They infect white blood cells and cause them to send out cytokines that suppress the TH1 response along with natural killer cells that would otherwise go after the infected cells.
This is where chlorella may help. One study in Nutrition Journal found that chlorella may support the TH1 response, enhancing the production of TH1 cytokines and natural killer cell activity 5. In other words, chlorella may help the body become more effective at scouting and targeting cells that are infected with stealth microbes. That's especially attractive news for someone dealing with Lyme.
It's a Nutritional Powerhouse
Chlorella is brimming with nutrients, all of which serve to nourish the algae—and they do an excellent job when you consider how fast chlorella grows: A single cell can produce more than a billion descendants in just two weeks.
Here is just some of what's inside each chlorella cell:
Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF): This isn't just one thing, but rather the name that's been given to chlorella's unique mix of amino acids, peptides, proteins, vitamins, and sugars. Combined, they help stimulate the growth of healthy cells and beneficial intestinal flora for a more balanced gut microbiome.
Alpha and Beta Carotene: These carotenoids or pigments support normal cholesterol levels 6, and they convert to vitamin A, a nutrient that promotes healthy skin.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Two more carotenoids, both are associated with eye health.
Omega-3 fatty acids: These healthy fats help support heart and brain health and may contribute to a balanced mood 7.
Protein: You already know there's a lot of it, but chlorella's protein is also complete, meaning it contains all nine of the essential amino acids we need from our diet to support cell repair and growth.
Enzymes: Pepsin and other digestive enzymes in chlorella help break down protein in the gut to support healthy digestion.
All of these nutrients nourish any cells they come in contact with—including those in your GI tract. This is particularly beneficial when you reconsider chlorella's binding powers: The algae may pull more than just toxins out of your body, but it's also donating a lot of minerals and vitamins, so you're at lower risk of losing good things—a serious concern with other, more aggressive detoxifying methods such as IV chelation.
If you're looking for easy ways to enhance your health in 2018, adding chlorella to your diet might just be the simplest and most effective step you could take. I've been recommending it for 10 years to virtually everybody. So many people struggle with gut dysfunction or toxin issues; I believe chlorella should be a key part of recovery.
Learn About Dr. Rawls' Holistic Gut Health Protocol »
1. Kumar SS, Devasagayam TP, Bhushan B, Verma NC. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by chlorophyllin: an ESR study. Free Radic Res. 2001;35(5):563-574.
2. Kamat JP, Boloor KK, Devasagayam TP. Chlorophyllin as an effective antioxidant against membrane damage in vitro and ex vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000;1487(2-3):113-127.
3. K Morita, M Ogata, and T Hasegawa. Chlorophyll derived from Chlorella inhibits dioxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates dioxin excretion in rats.Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar; 109(3): 289–294.
4. Takekoshi H1, Suzuki G, Chubachi H, Nakano M. Effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on fecal excretion and liver accumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin in mice.Chemosphere. 2005 Apr;59(2):297-304. Epub 2005 Jan 7.
5. Kwak JH et al. Beneficial immunostimulatory effect of short-term Chlorella supplementation: enhancement of natural killer cell activity and early inflammatory response (randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial). Nutr J. 2012 Jul 31;11:53. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-53.
6. Ryu NH, Lim Y, Park JE, Kim J, Kim JY, Kwon SW, Kwon O. Impact of daily Chlorella consumption on serum lipid and carotenoid profiles in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal. 2014 June: 13-57.
7. Sayeda MA, Ali GH, El-Baz FK. Potential Production of Omega Fatty Acids from Microalgae. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2015 Sept – Oct: 210-215.
By Carin Gorrell|2019-06-17T20:25:10+00:00January 12th, 2018|Health-Articles|0 Comments