text:
Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MA
AM Last Page
COVID-19 and Medical Education
Addressing Race and Racism in Medical Education
About the AAMC
Journal Masthead
Reprints and Back Issues
For Trainees
October 2019 - Volume 94 - Issue 10
Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Academic Medicine.
Invited Commentaries
Collaborative Solutions to Antibiotic Stewardship in Small Community and Critical Access Hospitals
Bhatt, Jay DO; Smith, Brian MPH; Neuhauser, Melinda M. PharmD; Srinivasan, Arjun MD, MPH, MPA; Moore, Paul DPh; Hyun, David Y. MD
J. Bhatt is senior vice president and chief medical officer, American Hospital Association, Chicago, Illinois.
B. Smith is a law student, University of Illinois College of Law, Urbana–Champaign, Illinois.
M.M. Neuhauser is a pharmacist and acute care lead, Office of Antibiotic Stewardship, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
A. Srinivasan is associate director, Healthcare Associated Infection Prevention Programs, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
P. Moore is senior health advisor, Federal Office of Rural Health Policy, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland.
D.Y. Hyun is senior officer, Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC.
Funding/Support: None reported.
Other disclosures: None reported.
Ethical approval: Reported as not applicable.
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the American Hospital Association, the University of Illinois College of Law, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy, or the Pew Charitable Trusts.
Correspondence should be addressed to Jay Bhatt, 155 N. Wacker Dr., Suite 400, Chicago, IL 60606; email: [email protected]; Twitter: @bhangrajay.
Written work prepared by employees of the Federal Government as part of their official duties is, under the U.S. Copyright Act, a "work of the United States Government" for which copyright protection under Title 17 of the United States Code is not available. As such, copyright does not extend to the contributions of employees of the Federal Government.
Academic Medicine: October 2019 - Volume 94 - Issue 10 - p 1419-1421
doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002859
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics affect patients in many ways, including by driving antibiotic resistance, a serious public health threat in the United States and around the world. To improve patient safety and address rising rates of resistance, an increasing number of health care facilities have created antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs). ASPs have been successful in slowing the emergence of resistance and improving patient outcomes. However, there are serious geographic and resource barriers to ASP adoption in small community hospitals and critical access hospitals. Fortunately, many barriers can be overcome by using collaborative models to bring together key stakeholders, including large hospitals and health systems and academic medical centers; hospital associations; federal, state, and local public health organizations; and federal and state offices of rural health. These stakeholders are ideally positioned to assist with stewardship efforts in small community and critical access hospitals and, in doing so, can improve patient safety while stemming the spread of resistant bacteria.
Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics creates a significant concern for patient safety and results in the development of antibiotic resistance, a growing public health threat.1,2 Estimates suggest that roughly one-third of antibiotic pre scriptions in hospitals may be in appro priate, and use of broad-spectrum anti biotics in these facilities has increased.3–5 Efforts to ensure appropriate use of antibiotics are critical to mitigate the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria but can be uniquely challenging for small hospitals. Nonethe less, these efforts are important in critical access hospitals as, according to unpublished data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), these facilities have use rates that are as high as or higher than those of larger hospitals.
Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in health care settings are designed to optimize the initiation, selection, dosing, and length of treatment for antibiotic therapies, consequently slowing the emergence of antibiotic resistance while minimizing adverse drug events and improving cure rates. In 2014, the CDC called for all hospitals, regardless of size, to implement an ASP. The American Hospital Association (AHA) also has highlighted ASPs as an important approach to optimizing medical resources, improving health outcomes, providing higher-quality care for patients, and lowering health care costs.4,6 In response to increased calls for hospitals to adopt ASPs,7,8 several national policies and resources have been put forth to accelerate implementation of such programs: The CDC developed the "Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs," which highlights the key components of a successful hospital ASP; the Joint Commission issued new accreditation standards requiring implementation of ASPs in hospitals; and the National Quality Forum issued a "Playbook on Antibiotic Stewardship in Acute Care" that provides detailed examples of successful ASP implementation in acute care settings.9–11
While the number of hospitals with ASPs has increased in recent years, program adoption rates vary by hospital size. According to unpublished CDC data, as of 2016, 64% of acute care hospitals had implemented ASPs that met all 7 of the CDC's core elements, but that figure represents 82% implementation in hospitals with more than 200 beds compared with 46% of hospitals with fewer than 50 beds. These findings underscore the challenges that lie ahead in expanding antibiotic stewardship efforts in small community and critical access hospitals, which treat underserved patient populations in rural areas and generally have very few beds, limited resources, and staff with multiple functions. Limitations in financial resources, access to experts in infectious disease and antibiotic stewardship, and technological infrastructure to facilitate data collection and analysis can pose significant obstacles to ASP implementation in these settings.
Despite these resource challenges, small hospitals are finding ways to implement successful stewardship programs. In April 2017, the Pew Charitable Trusts, AHA, the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy (FORHP), and the CDC convened facility staff who lead successful stewardship programs in small community and critical access hospitals. The examples and recommendations these participants shared were used to create a guidance document for implementing ASPs in these facilities.12
A central lesson that emerged from this exercise was how organizations outside of small community and critical access hospitals can play a significant role in filling resource gaps and bolstering stewardship efforts. In this Invited Commentary, we outline how academic medical centers, health care systems, state and local health departments, hospital associations, and rural health associations can leverage their existing resources and networks to lead collaborative activities where stewardship tools and expertise can be pooled and shared with smaller hospitals. Expansion of these types of efforts across regions through the leadership of state and local health organizations will be critical to the implementation of stewardship programs in all hospitals, as well as protecting patients from the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, medical schools, academic health systems, and community hospitals are critical venues for medical education. Antibiotic stewardship should be a core component of the curriculum in medical school and residency to help enhance adoption of the core elements among future physicians.
Academic Medical Centers and Health Care Systems
Large hospitals and academic medical centers have many of the resources needed for implementing ASPs, including infectious disease physicians, pharmacists, and data analysis capabilities to measure antibiotic use. These large medical centers, as well as their health care systems, can take the lead in providing on-site stewardship resource support for the development of ASPs in other hospitals, including small and critical access hospitals. An example of this type of collaboration is the Duke Antimicrobial Stewardship Outreach Network at Duke University, which provides stewardship consultation and data support for a network of 28 small community hospitals in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. It shows that successful partnerships and support for antibiotic stewardship can be achieved even among hospitals that are not owned or operated within the same health system. These collaborative approaches in antibiotic stewardship can help address antibiotic resistance in the region and in the local patient population frequently shared by facilities.13
State and Local Health Departments
Many state and local health departments are already engaged in efforts to support ASPs in acute care hospitals. Health departments have supported ASPs through developing ASP tool kits, organizing learning and training collaboratives for stewardship, and providing technical support for antibiotic use reporting to the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network. For example, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment and the California Department of Public Health have created ASP tool kits with detailed information on how to implement or improve the core elements of stewardship.14,15 The Kansas tool kit is specifically focused on implementing ASPs in critical access hospitals.
Many of the state and local activities are funded through the CDC's Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases Cooperative Agreement. Most of these efforts are collaborations between the health department, hospital association, and academic partners. Tailoring this support from state partners to fit the needs of small community and critical access hospitals can further support implementation and operation of ASPs. By providing education and technical assistance specific to small hospitals and facilitating partnerships between hospitals and public health stakeholders, state and local health departments can help coordinate and consolidate resource support for ASP development in their region.
Hospital Associations
Hospital associations can lead collaborative antibiotic stewardship efforts as part of their initiatives to improve quality of care and patient safety. Several hospital associations have undertaken stewardship projects that have shown to be valuable resources for small community and critical access hospitals, especially for those that are not part of larger health care systems. The Colorado Hospital Association started its Antimicrobial Stewardship Collaborative in 2015, providing on-site and remote consultations with infectious disease physicians and pharmacists, educational webinars and meetings, and data collection and analysis tools for 27 hospitals including 10 critical access hospitals.16 Similar models can be employed by other hospital associations trying to improve health care safety and quality performance for their members.
Hospital associations also can help their member hospitals meet regulatory standards pertaining to antibiotic stewardship by informing them of new rules or changes to existing regulations and providing education and technical assistance. An example of this can be found in Missouri, where the Missouri Hospital Association has created an Antibiotic Stewardship Immersion Project to help participating hospitals meet new regulatory requirements for ASPs outlined by the Joint Commission Antibiotic Stewardship Standards and Missouri statute.17,18 This project provides individualized guidance for hospitals on how to implement specific stewardship interventions through quarterly virtual meetings, monthly coaching calls, and on-site visits.
The AHA's not-for-profit research and education affiliate, the Health Research & Educational Trust, has provided educational materials for member hospitals, including webinars providing examples of ASP implementation and guides highlighting best practices in reducing hospital-acquired infections and promoting patient safety and quality.19–21 These ASP resources can be tailored toward small and critical access hospitals and applied to meet the unique needs of these settings.
FORHP and State Flexibility Grant Programs
FORHP administers the Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Grant (FLEX) program, which provides rural-specific technical assistance and resources for quality improvement initiatives and programs to over 1,340 critical access hospitals. Funds through the FLEX program are then administered by state FLEX programs across the 45 states that have critical access hospitals to coordinate and support capacity building and technical assistance for individual facilities.22
Starting in 2018, the FLEX program will include the implementation of ASPs as a required element for quality improvement reporting by participating critical access hospitals.23 This policy inclusion will help prioritize ASP development for hospital leadership while also mobilizing resources for these settings to support implementation of ASPs. Both FORHP and state FLEX programs can work with critical access hospitals participating in the FLEX program to provide technical and regulatory assistance.
Although ASPs are effective at improving antibiotic prescribing and reducing resistance, there is a disparity in implementation rates by hospital type, with smaller hospitals lagging behind larger ones. Consequently, the goal of reducing inappropriate antibiotic use cannot be fully realized until the barriers holding back implementation in these settings are overcome. By collaborating with small community and critical access hospitals, academic medicine, medical education, public health agencies, hospital associations, and health care systems can help organizations fill their resource gaps for implementing ASPs while supporting their efforts to establish effective and comprehensive programs. These partnerships will be vital in reaching the national goal of developing successful stewardship programs in every acute care hospital, ultimately slowing the threat of antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
1. Tamma PD, Avdic E, Li DX, Dzintars K, Cosgrove SE. Association of adverse events with antibiotic use in hospitalized patients. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177:1308–1315.
Cited Here |
View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/index.html. Published 2013. Accessed June 21, 2019.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Use in the United States, 2017: Progress and Opportunities. 2017. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/stewardship-report/pdf/stewardship-report.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2019.
4. Fridkin S, Baggs J, Fagan R, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: Improving antibiotic use among hospitalized patients. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63:194–200.
5. Baggs J, Fridkin SK, Pollack LA, Srinivasan A, Jernigan JA. Estimating national trends in inpatient antibiotic use among US hospitals from 2006 to 2012. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:1639–1648.
6. Combes JR, Arespacochaga E. Appropriate Use of Medical Resources. 2013. Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association's Physician Leadership Forum; https://www.aha.org/system/files/content/13/appropusewhiteppr.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2019.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Stewardship Statement for Antibiotic Guidelines: Recommendations of the HICPAC. 2016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/recommendations/antibiotic-stewardship-statement.html. Accessed June 21, 2019.
8. Barlam TF, Cosgrove SE, Abbo LM, et al. Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:e51–e77.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs. 2014. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/implementation/core-elements.html. Accessed June 21, 2019.
10. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. New antimicrobial stewardship standard. Jt Comm Perspect. 2016;36(7):1–8.
11. National Quality Partners' Antibiotic Stewardship Action Team. National Quality Partners Playbook: Antibiotic Stewardship in Acute Care. 2016.Washington, DC:National Quality Forum.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Core Elements at Small and Critical Access Hospitals. 2017. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/implementation/core-elements-small-critical.html. Accessed June 21, 2019.
13. Slayton RB, Toth D, Lee BY, et al. Vital signs: Estimated effects of a coordinated approach for action to reduce antibiotic-resistant infections in health care facilities—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:826–831.
PubMed | CrossRef
14. Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Toolkit for Critical Access Hospitals in Kansas. 2016. Topeka, KS: Kansas Department of Health and Environment; http://www.kdheks.gov/epi/download/KS_ABX_Stewardship_CAHs_Toolkit.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2019.
15. California Department of Public Health. Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Implementation Toolkit. 2015. Sacramento, CA: California Health and Human Services Agency; https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/HAI/Pages/ASP_ToolkitAC_examples.aspx. Accessed June 21, 2019.
16. Colorado Hospital Association. Colorado Hospital Association's Antimicrobial Stewardship Collaborative. 2015. Greenwood Village, CO: Colorado Hospital Association; https://cha.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Antimicrobial-Stewardship-Collaborative-Information.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2019.
17. Missouri Hospital Association. Antibiotic Stewardship Immersion Project. 2016. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Hospital Association; http://web.mhanet.com/SQI/Immersion/AntibioticSPFlyer.pdf. Published 2016. Accessed June 21, 2019.
18. Missouri Senate Bill No. 579. February 3, 2016. http://www.senate.mo.gov/16info/pdf-bill/perf/SB579.pdf. Accessed June 21, 2019.
19. Health Research & Educational Trust, American Hospital Association. Get on track with antibiotic stewardship. http://www.hret-hiin.org/resources/display/hret-hiin-ruralcah-get-on-track-with-antibiotic-stewardship. Published May 15, 2017. Accessed June 21, 2019.
20. Health Research & Educational Trust, American Hospital Association. The secret of getting ahead is getting started. http://www.hret-hiin.org/resources/display/hret-hiin-antibiotic-stewardship-program-the-secret-of-getting-ahead-is-getting-started. Published June 1, 2017. Accessed June 21, 2019.
21. Health Research & Educational Trust. Clostridium difficile infection change package: 2017 update. http://www.hret-hiin.org/Resources/cdi/18/clostridium-difficile-infection-cdi-change-package.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed June 21, 2019.
22. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Grant Program. https://www.hrsa.gov/ruralhealth/programopportunities/fundingopportunities/?id=b56d4504-7bf6-4f79-b0e8-37b766f2213e. Published 2017. Accessed June 21, 2019.
23. Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. MBQIP measures: Flex project period: FY2018–2021. https://www.ruralcenter.org/resource-library/mbqip-measures. Published 2017. Accessed June 21, 2019.
Academic Medicine94(10):1419-1421, October 2019.
Articles in PubMed by Jay Bhatt, DO
Articles in Google Scholar by Jay Bhatt, DO
Other articles in this journal by Jay Bhatt, DO
Medical interviewing in Spanish
Faculty status for clinician-educators: guidelines for evaluation and promotion
Impact of the USMLE step 1 on teaching and learning of the basic biomedical sciences. United States Medical Licensing Examination
The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance
Curriculum for a 10-day medical student clerkship in ophthalmology
by the Association of American Medical Colleges


text:
Kyrgyzstan, All Areas
Cost of living in Kyrgyzstan, prices and what it is like to live for an Expat, quality of life / hardship, and compare cost of living for Expatriates as at January 2020.
What is it like to live in Kyrgyzstan?
Kyrgyzstan is in Central Asia, west of China.
The climate is dry continental to polar in the high Tien Shan Mountains, subtropical in the southwest (Fergana Valley) and temperate in the northern foothill zone.
The official languages are Kyrgyz and Russian. Kyrgyz is dominant in state circles and is more widely used in the south and in rural areas. Russian is preferred by most business partners are. Non-Russians will not be offended by the use of Russian, but Kyrgyz contacts will be impressed if a foreigner uses their language. The Cyrillic alphabet is commonly used for public notices, including road signs and street names. English is used In business circles and in the government. Hotels and restaurants frequented by foreigners usually have some English-speakers. Interpreters are readily available, but they are not always professional, their knowledge should be properly tested before important meetings.
The main religions are Islam and Christianity.
The economy of Kyrgyzstan was severely affected by the collapse of the Soviet trading block. Despite the backing of major Western lenders, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, Kyrgyzstan has had economic difficulties following independence. Agriculture is an important sector of the economy in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan is rich in mineral resources but has negligible petroleum and natural gas reserves.
Kyrgyz society is relatively conservative, expatriates should take care to avoid appearing arrogant or dismissive of local customs or habits. Expatriate dress code is conservative, comprising suits. Businesswomen are expected to dress conservatively to avoid offending Islamic sensibilities, especially in rural and more conservative areas in the south. The safety risk for expatriates in Kyrgyzstan is medium to high. Risks include petty crime, socio-economic and ethnic unrest, tensions between the south and north, corruption, and landmines in some areas bordering Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Other risks include poor driving standards and road conditions, poor infrastructure, avalanches, landslides, and earthquakes.
The currency of Kyrgyzstan is the Kyrgyzstanian Som (KGS).
Health care facilities are not generally comparable to those of Western Europe and North America. Anthrax has been reported.
The population is 6 Million (2019 est.), and the inflation rate (CPI) is 2.8% for Kyrgyzstan as at November 2019.
The Xpatulator Hypothetical Tax for Kyrgyzstan is based on the current personal income tax rate which is a flat rate of 10%.
Within Kyrgyzstan we also cover Bishkek.
What is the cost of living in Kyrgyzstan?
The cost of living for expatriates in Kyrgyzstan as at January 2020 is very low in comparison to other places in the world. We have collected prices for the same items, world wide, based on Expat spending norms, in or closest to the location, and converted them to $USD so that we can compare the cost of 13 different baskets in 780 global locations. For each basket, compared to New York, the equivalent cost in Kyrgyzstan is as follows:
1) Alcohol and/or Tobacco: for items such as beer, spirits, wine and tobacco related products such as cigarettes. A basket costing USD$1000 in New York costs USD$370. Average price in a store for a midrange bottle of wine is USD$6.53, domestic/local beer (500ml) USD$1.08, imported/international beer (330ml) USD$1.29 and a pack of 20 cigarettes is USD$1.42.
6) Groceries: for items such as consumables, cleaning products, dairy, fresh fruit & vegetables, general food products, snacks, soft drinks. A basket costing USD$1000 in New York costs USD$360. Average grocery prices in a major international retail store for 1 kg apples is USD$1.33, 1 kg oranges USD$2.22, 1 head lettuce USD$0.73, 1 kg potatos USD$0.38, 1 kg boneless, skinless, chicken breast USD$4.78, 1 kg cheddar cheese USD$8.00, 1 dozen large eggs USD$1.51, 500g loaf white bread USD$0.40, 1 L full cream milk USD$0.88, and 1.5 L water USD$0.61.
8) Household Accommodation: for items such as apartment rent, house rent, property purchase, mortgage rate, and utilities. A basket costing USD$5000 in New York costs USD$1200. Average expatriate house / apartment rent for a secure upmarket unfurnished apartment (3 bedrooms) is USD$1,416 in a central location, and USD$840 in a suburban location, per month, excluding utilities.
11) Recreation & Culture: for items such as books, cinema, sport and theatre tickets. A basket costing USD$500 in New York costs USD$245. Average price for a latest release international cinema ticket (average of on and off peak where applicable) for one adult is USD$4.67, and an international fitness, recreation or sports club membership cost for one adult is USD$49 per month.
13) Transport: for items such as fuel (petrol/gasoline), car hire, public transport, vehicle purchase and maintenance. A basket costing USD$1000 in New York costs USD$440. Average average price over the last year for highest available octane petrol / gasoline (1L) is USD$0.63, while the benchmark car sedan purchase price including taxes/duties for a compact / small / economy vehicle (1.4 L) is USD$16,829.
How does the cost of living in Kyrgyzstan compare?
Kyrgyzstan is -52.1% cheaper than USA for groceries, -55.7% cheaper for household costs than UK, and 13.3% more expensive for transport costs than India.
What is the quality of life / hardship in Kyrgyzstan?
Kyrgyzstan is ranked as an extreme hardship location.The hardship premium for Kyrgyzstan for an expat from Australia, is for example 30%, i.e. host location (Kyrgyzstan) premium of 40% minus home (Australia) location premium of 10%.
Want to know more about cost of living, hardship (quality of living) or expat salary in Kyrgyzstan? Register subscribe to your home location and Kyrgyzstan and run your personalised reports.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Buffet is willing to put up the money, so it's got to be winnable. Right?
Quicken Loans announced Tuesday a $1-billion March Madness contest, and Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway is backing the prize.
Free registration begins March 3 ahead of the 68-team, single-elimination college basketball tournament that starts March 18. Winners can choose to share 40 annual installments of $25 million or a lump sum of $500 million.
If you're already thinking how you're going to spend that money, take note: there is less than a 1 in 9 quintillion chance that you can guess the results of every game in a 64-team bracket correctly, Jeff Bergen, a math professor at DePaul University, said in a video posted to YouTube. Even if you know something about college basketball, your chances are about 1 in 128 billion, Bergen said.


text:
Q: How to fix "invalid return_url" error when creating oauth token for Trello with httr? I want to manage my Trello cards and boards using the trelloR package but when I try to create a token with the get_token function, I get an error message on my browser : "Invalid return_url".
my_token <- get_token(key = my_key, secret = my_secret)

my_key is my personal Trello API key and my_secret is my OAuth secret. I got them on the Trello page that gives you your authentication codes, after login : https://trello.com/app-key
To use the Trello API and to access to boards, I need a token. This token is generated with OAuth1.0 by the httr package. Indeed, the function get_token do something like this, according to Jakub Chromec, author and maintainer of trelloR here :
trello.app = httr::oauth_app(
  appname = "trello-app",
  key = my_key,
  secret = my_secret)

trello.urls = httr::oauth_endpoint(
  request = "OAuthGetRequestToken",
  authorize ="OAuthAuthorizeToken?scope=read&expiration=30days&name=trello-app",
  access = "OAuthGetAccessToken",
  base_url = "https://trello.com/1")

httr::oauth1.0_token(
  endpoint = trello.urls,
  app = trello.app)

When I execute this code or the function get_token with my personal key and secret, I am redirected to my browser, which is normal. As described on this page, a screen should appear asking me to allow authentication. But instead I just have an error message in the browser : "Invalid return_url".
In the RStudio console, this remains displayed :
> my_token <- get_token(my_key, my_secret)
Waiting for authentication in browser...
Press Esc/Ctrl + C to abort

I'm using httr 1.4.1, curl 4.2 and trelloR 0.6.0 with R 3.6.1 under macOS 10.15.

A: Some people reported the problem started after the introduction of Allowed Origins and they were able to fix it by adding the following origin:
http://localhost:1410

on the appkey page. This is a bit surprising to me as the default * should cover all origins, but there you go.

A: Trying this today (11/23/2019), I could not get wildcards to work as Allowed Origins.  You should specify the domain of where you are running the call for authorization.
One source of confusion:  The comments under "Allowed Origins" on https://trello.com/app-key refer to sites that "your application is allowed to redirect back to following the authorization flow."  That was a bit confusing to me.  The list should include sites you want to redirect back to IN ADDITION TO the sites you are calling Trello.authorize() from.
If you are thinking "I don't need a redirect" (and, in fact, if you are using client.js, I don't think you can specify a redirect), then those comments under "Allowed Origins" could lead you to believe you don't need to specify anything there.  That would be incorrect.
Summary:  Even if you want NO post-authorization re-direct, you still have to list an ORIGIN.
Also, you cannot specify file:// in Allowed Origins, so you cannot run your javascript off a local file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Here at Bathrooms on a Budget, we take pride in offering our customers affordable, state-of-the-art and user-friendly bathroom solutions.
Our tapware is no exception - we provide diverse designs of sturdy, yet elegant, bathroom taps. We have shower taps with pivot handles that come in a wide selection of chrome and brass finishes. Our range of mixer taps for the kitchen and bathroom are Wels Approved, hard-wearing and available in a variety of contemporary styles. One of our most popular items in the collection is the bath shower mixer with a pin handle, made with Dezincied Resistant Brass to help prevent corrosion.
Check out Bathrooms on a Budget for all of your washroom needs - we have everything including the kitchen sink!


text:
Early finish to term
Earlier today, the South Australian government announced that the last day of Term 1…
Earlier today, the South Australian government announced that the last day of Term 1 for students in South Australian schools will be Friday 3 April. This information has been endorsed by Catholic Education SA.
Blackfriars is following this advice and will apply it to both our Early Learning Centre and Out of School Hours Care service also. As previously advised, Vacation Care services will not be offered during this upcoming school holiday break.
Our scheduled plans for Online Learning Test Days tomorrow, Friday 27 and Monday 30 March, will go ahead as planned.
"These Online Learning Test Days remain absolutely vital for us and I seek the support of parents to ensure that all students are engaged in learning on these days as per yesterday's video message and previous written communication," says Blackfriars Principal, Mr Simon Cobiac.
Blackfriars is open for students next week from Tuesday 31 March, through to Friday 3 April. Parents can continue to make the choice as to whether your children attend school in person or engage in school from home.
"I want to emphasise that Blackfriars is absolutely committed to support every student and family through COVID-19 and beyond," reiterates Mr Cobiac.
"Please contact the Finance Office as soon as possible if you have lost significant income during this economic shutdown," he says.
The Blackfriars Board is meeting next Thursday to discuss fee remissions available to families who have already or expect to experience loss of income. Further information about this will be available after Thursday's meeting.
Mr Cobiac wishes to share his gratitude to all members of the Blackfriars community.
"I sincerely thank you for your commitment to Blackfriars and for working cooperatively with us through this difficult and uncertain time. Together we can work to ensure that every student has the best care and learning opportunities during 2020," "As a faith community, in such times as now, we turn to our trust in God, asking Him to sustain all members of our Dominican family in health and wellbeing."
BPS Statement – 2020 Term 1 Early FinishDownload
Online Learning Test Days – Friday 27 / Monday 30 March
SACE Board & SATAC answer students' COVID-19 questions


text:
require 'rubygems'
require 'yaml'
$:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib')
require 'mongify'
require 'mongify/cli'

begin
  require 'bundler'
  Bundler.setup
rescue LoadError
  puts "Need to install bundler 1.0. 'gem install bundler'"
end

require 'rspec/core'

Dir['./spec/support/**/*.rb'].map {|f| require f}

::CONNECTION_CONFIG = ConfigReader.new(File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__)) + '/support/database.yml')

Mongify.root = File.dirname(File.dirname(__FILE__))

::DATABASE_PRINT = File.read(File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__)) + '/support/database_output.txt')

# redirect deprecation warnings of rspec to a file
RSpec.configure do |rspec|
  rspec.deprecation_stream = 'log/deprecations.log'
end
# mute the deprecation message from I18n
I18n.enforce_available_locales = false

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At Hot Stoves Northern Ireland, we will introduce you to our suppliers who we proudly work with to bring you the best stoves and flue systems to suit your budget.
As an family run company, We pride ourselves in Commitment and Promise to guarantee you professional advice, choice and service. With having hands on knowledge of our stoves and flue products we can offer you the best solution for your home and value for money installations. Our showroom offer great selection of stoves to suit everyone.
We are exclusive agents for following stove brands.
Contura, Chesney, Dean Forge, Dru, Spartherm, Termatech, Town & Country and Woodwarm.
A little bit about myself. Was brought up with construction in my blood, With my dad being a building contractor. I left school Qualified as a Joiner, I took on a lot of different jobs on the site, bricklaying, plastering, tiling, wooden floors. Never was afraid to try something new. Always a level and measuring tape in my hand. Went onto running 2 sites for my dad, renovating houses, building extensions, removing walls, and removing fireplaces and cutting openings for stoves and that's were Hot Stoves started. So in 2009 I decided go out on my own. 5 years on now I have all the stove agents I set out to sell. I carry out all my own installs. This gives u the customer 100% sadisfaction installation.
We are also agents for the follow stoves.
Boru, Dovre, Henley, Hergom, Lotus, Stovax, Westfire, Yeoman.


text:
Ann Shin Net Worth, Salary, Weight, Age, Bio 2020
by adminKenTWo342Posted on March 9, 2018 May 26, 2017
Ann Shin Net Worth
Sometimes we have questions about: "How tall is Ann Shin?" At the moment, 26.05.2020, we have next information/answer:
For the 26.05.2020 – Our blog has a lot of wishes about Just How Rich Is Ann Shin?
$62'000'000. *This information was provided by Atlante Munao', 58 years old. From Minatare, Nebraska
$90'000'000. *This information was provided by Emmey, 39 years old. Job: (Irrigation Engineer). From Marshall, Indiana
How Tall is Ann Shin?
How Much Weight Does Ann Shin?
1,61m.*This information was provided by Orelle, 58 years old. Job: (Shipwright). From Fults, Illinois.
How big is Ann Shin weight?
80kg.**This information was provided by Car Jenneve, 58 years old. From Manning, Oregon.
76kg.***This information was provided by Fern, 50 years old. Job: (Inspector And Hand Packager). From Pierson, Iowa.
Ann Shin information
Profession: Producer, Miscellaneous Crew, Director
Template:Multiple issues Ann Shin is a filmmaker and writer based out of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Her journalism career began at CBC Radio where she produced for a number of shows including Metro Morning, Tapestry, Roots and Wings, Sunday Morning Live. During this time she produced sound poetry and radio documentaries, including How to Breathe the Air of our Ancestors, which won a Gold Medal at the New York Festivals in 1998. Realizing her love for long-form documentary, Ann moved into television and began to produce for television series for a number of networks, as well as direct independent documentaries. Her documentary credits include the award-winning 2012 documentary film The Defector: Escape from North Korea (2012), The Four Seasons Mosaic (CBC (2005), Western Eyes (CBC Newsworld) (2000), The Roswell Incident (History) (1998), Almost Real (CBC Newsworld) and How to Breathe the Air of Our Ancestors (CBC Radio) (1998). Ann has produced programs for CBC, TVO, PBS, HBO, ABC, Slice, HGTV, W, Discovery and History, and her programs have sold in territories in the US, Europe, Australia, East Asia and Southeast Asia.Her films have garnered numerous awards and screened at film festivals around the world, including SXSW, Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, the San Francisco Film Festival, Thessaloniki International Human Rights Film Festival, Montreal World Film Festival, New York Festivals, Mumbai International Film Festival and the Chris Awards.Ann also creates new media projects such as interactive websites and apps. Her latest cross-platform project The Defector: Escape from North Korea won Best Documentary and Ann Shin won Best Documentary Director at the 2014 Canadian Screen Awards, as well picking up the SXSW Interactive Festival Award, the FITC Award and nextMedia Canadian Digi Awards. Currently, she is in post-production on the BravoFACT documentary short film My Enemy, My Brother.Ann is also a poet and fiction writer, with work published in various anthologies and magazines in both Canada and the United States. She is one of four poets featured in Crossroads Cant, published by Broken Jaw Press in 1997. Mansfield Press published her first volume of poetry, The Last Thing Standing in 2000 to acclaim. In 2013, Brick Books published her second book of poetry, The Family China which won the 2013 Anne Green Award].


text:
Long Island St. Patrick's Day Events 2018
Karly Eberly
Luck of The Irish Casino Night
A fun-filled night with a buffet, open bar, and DJ may end with a pot of gold if you play your cards right! East Wind Inn, 720 New York 25A, East Lobby, Wading River friendsofstpatrick.org $75 (all profits benefit the Rocky Point Parade) 7-11 p.m. Mar. 2.
Kings Park St. Patrick's Day Parade
Featuring bagpipe bands, elaborate floats, and hundreds of enthusiastic marchers, come celebrate the luck of the Irish with Grand Marshal Sean Gann! Kings Park St.Patrick's Day Parade, corner of Lou Avenue and Pulaski Rd., Smithtown kpstpat.com 12 p.m. Mar. 3.
East Islip St. Patrick's Day Parade
Opting for some classic rock 'n' roll in addition to traditional Irish ballads, this Paddy's Day Parade will feature local rock band J Haus to make for a St.Patrick's party! East Islip St.Patrick's Day Parade, Main St., East Islip greaterlongisland.com 3 p.m. Mar. 3.
Mineola St. Patrick's Day Parade
After you enjoy the parade swing by the Irish American Society Center for good food, music, and dancing! Irish American Society of Nassau, Suffolk, & Queens Inc., 297 Willets Ave., Mineola irishamericansoc.com 5$ to enter Center 12 p.m. Mar. 4.
27th Annual Bethpage St. Patrick's Day Parade
Hosted by Free Players Drum & Bugle Corps. The parade route is approximately 1 mile long, Central Ave to Stewart Ave to Burkhardt Ave and right down Broadway to the Reviewing stand. 2 p.m. Mar. 4.
Bay Shore Brightwaters St. Patrick's Day Parade
Blend in with the sea of green at Bay Shores annual St.Patty's celebration! Bands and baton twirlers will be abound in this community gathering sure to get you in the holiday spirit! Patrick's Parade of Greater Bay Shore, Inc, Saxon Ave., Bay Shore stpatricksparadebsbw.com 2 p.m. Mar. 10.
Get Shamrocked at the 5th Annual Huntington Bar Crawl! Not only will the Crawl allow you to sample Huntington's premiere bar scene but St. Patrick himself would have approved as profits will benefit children with cancer. Long Island Social Events, Huntington (exact location TBD) kidsneedmore.org $25 + $2-4$ per drink 2-8 p.m. Mar. 10.
Patchogue St. Paddy's Day Bar Crawl
Irish Ales and Lagers will be flowing at Patchogues second annual Bar Crawl! With profits going to the "Kids Need More" Foundation you can feed your spirit and enjoy the spirits! Long Island Social Events, Patchogue (exact location TBD) kidsneedmore.org $25 + $2-4$ per drink 1-7 p.m. Mar. 10
Huntington St. Patrick's Parade
Come and join 50,000 others in the 84-year-long tradition that has become Huntington's annual Saint Patrick's Day Parade! Famous for its elaborate floats and massive bands, this celebration is also the largest and longest running Saint Patrick's Parade on the Island. The Ancient Order of Hibernians, North of New York Ave. 110 & Broadway, Huntington Station huntingtonhibernian.com 2 p.m. Mar. 11.
Rocky Point St.Patrick's Day Parade
Founded in 1949, this historic parade brings tens of thousands together each year to celebrate the community in an elaborate show of marchers, dancers, and musicians. Friends of St.Patrick, Route 25A, Miller Place friendsofstpatrick.org 1 p.m. Mar. 11.
6th Annual Farmingdale St. Patrick's Day Parade
Following the Parade festivities explore the many downtown merchants, restaurants & spots, for great deals & specials! Plus Shamrock Photo Op's On The Village Green! Main St., Farmingdale. farmingdalenychamber.org 1 p.m. Mar. 11.
Ronkonkoma St. Patrick's Day Parade
Grand Marshal John Feal. Parade starts at the corner of Portion Rd & Patchogue-Holbrook Rd. 2 p.m. Mar. 11.
St. Patrick's Day Dinner Dating Social
Dance a jig with your true love to be at this St.Paddy's themed evening for singles! RSVP by Mar. 15. Houlihan's Restaurant, 725 Merrick Ave., Westbury. 3$ + cost of meal, 6-9 p.m. Mar. 17.
St. Patrick's Day 4 Miler and Fun Run
With a complimentary breakfast and top three prizes for each age category, you may be lucky enough to sprint past a Leprechaun! Townwide Fund of Huntington, 1 Mill Dam Rd., Huntington townwidefund.org 8:30 a.m. Mar. 17.
St. James St. Patrick's Day Parade
This parade will have the whole family grinning ear to ear with antique cars, scout troops, dance groups, and piper and marching bands to celebrate good Ole' St.Patrick's Day! St.James Chamber of Commerce, Woodlawn Avenue, St.James stjameschamber.org 1 p.m. Mar. 17.
Spring Fling St.Patty's Day Singles Dinner and Dance
With a three course meal, DJ, and dancing the luck of the Irish will be on your side this date night! Residence Marriott 9 Gerhard Rd., Planeview 7-in-heaven.com $44-$49 6:30-10:30 p.m. Mar. 17.
Glen Cove St.Patrick's Day Parade
One of the premier St.Patrick's celebrations on Long Island, this renowned Parade boasts talented marching bands and beautiful floats! Glen Cove St.Patrick's Day Parade, 4 School St., Glen Cove gcirishparade.com 1-3 p.m. Mar. 18.
May The Road Rise Up to Meet Ye 5k
Cheered on by hundreds of spirited spectators start off the St.Patty's Day festivities bright and early with this annual 5k run and walk! Finest Fitness, 208 East Main St., Patchogue maytheroadriseuptomeetye5k.com Check in 8:30 a.m. – 9:30 a.m. Race 9:55 a.m. Mar. 19.
Rockville Centre St.Patrick Parade March
Known as the Parade that "cares and shares" all profits raised by this celebration are divided between three charities to keep with the St.Patrick's day spirit. Rockville Centre St.Patrick Parade March, 265 Sunrise Highway ~ Suite 1-350, Rockville Centre rvcstpatrick.com $40 12 p.m. Mar. 24.
Montauk St.Patrick's Day Parade
Located along the water, this picturesque Parade is the second largest St. Patrick's Day Parade on the Island with an estimated 40,000 spectators attending annually! Montauk Friends of Erin, Edgmere Rd., Montauk montaukfriendsoferin.org 11:30 a.m. Mar. 25.
Previous article2018 Bethpage Best of Long Island Contest Winners Announced
Next article7 Pets That Will Make Your Home Complete
The Weekender: 7 Things To Do This Weekend on Long Island
Long Island Chef Allison Fasano Wins Episode of Food Network's Supermarket Stakeout
12 Long Island Reality TV Personalities


text:
Julia Kathleen Beckett  (* 4. Juli 1986 in Winchester, England) ist eine britische Schwimmerin.

Karriere
Beckett begann im Alter von drei bis vier Jahren mit dem Schwimmsport und trat mit neun Jahren einem Schwimmclub bei. Derzeit trainiert sie bei Coach Ben Titley an der Loughborough University.

Ihr erstes Auftreten bei einem internationalen Schwimmwettbewerb war als Teil der im Vorlauf startenden britischen 4×200 Meter Freistilstaffel bei den Schwimmweltmeisterschaften 2005 in Montreal. Mit der fünftbesten Zeit qualifizierte sich ihr Team für den Endlauf, in dem statt ihrer Melanie Marshall antrat und den vierten Platz erreichte.

Ein Jahr später, bei den Commonwealth Games 2006 in Melbourne, erreichte sie ihren ersten großen Erfolg mit dem Gewinn der Silbermedaille als Teil der 4×200 Meter Freistilstaffel. Im selben Jahr startete sie auch im Vorlauf mit der 4×100 Meter Freistilstaffel bei den Schwimmeuropameisterschaften 2006 in Budapest, wo sie den siebten Rang belegte.

Auch bei den Schwimmweltmeisterschaften 2007 in Melbourne kam sie wie schon 2005 nicht über eine Teilnahme im Vorlauf über 4×200 Meter Freistil hinaus. Ebenfalls wie 2005 belegte sie mit der Staffel den fünften Rang und sicherte so die Qualifikation für den Endlauf, den statt ihrer Francesca Halsall bestritt und schlussendlich Fünfte wurde.

2008 kann als ihr bisher erfolgreichstes Jahr angesehen werden, da sie einerseits im Frühjahr bei den Heim-Kurzbahnweltmeisterschaften in Manchester gemeinsam mit der 4×100 Meter Freistilstaffel die Bronzemedaille gewann und andererseits, da sie sich für die britische Olympiamannschaft bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2008 in Peking qualifizierte. Gemeinsam mit der 4×100 Meter Freistilstaffel schaffte sie mit Platz 8 im Vorlauf die Qualifikation für das Finale, in welchem sie abermals nicht eingesetzt wurde.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2008
Schwimmer (Großbritannien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Teilnehmer an den Commonwealth Games (England)
Brite
Geboren 1986
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tota Roy Choudhury surprises fans with his 'bald' look!
Director Suman Ghosh has wrapped up shooting for his first hindi film 'Aadhaar'. 'Mukkabaaz' fame Vineet Kumar Singh essays the lead in the film and Suman Ghosh is all praise for the versatile actor.
In reply Vineet wrote he is grateful to work with the director.
As the title suggests, 'Aadhaar' is based on the government's Aadhaar card program. The film is bankrolled by Manish Mundra's production house Drishyam Films.


text:
Menendez Continues Fight to Protect NJans from Annoying Robocalls
U.S. Senator Bob Menendez and nine Senate colleagues today wrote Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai to urge him to protect consumers from invasive "ringless" voicemails, which allow the calling party to leave automated messages in a consumer's voicemail without the phone actually ringing.
This April, the FCC issued a Public Notice seeking comments on a petition to exempt ringless voicemails from consumer protections established by the 1991 Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA). If the petition is granted, telemarketers, debt collectors, and other callers could flood Americans' voice mailboxes without first receiving express consumer consent. In addition, the National "Do Not Call Registry" protections may not apply, and ringless callers would have no limits on the quantity or duration of the voice messages that they are permitted to leave.
"Exempting ringless voicemails from the TCPA's autodialer protections would allow callers to overwhelm consumers with ringless voice messages without first receiving express consumer consent," wrote the senators to Chairman Pai. "Whether by robocall, by robotext, or by ringless voicemail, consumers should have meaningful control over who can and cannot contact their mobile device."
A copy of the letter can be found HERE.
Sen. Menendez co-sponsored the Help Americans Never Get Unwanted Phone calls (HANGUP) Act which repeals Section 301 of the Budget Act of 2015 that exempts callers collecting debt owed or guaranteed by the federal government from key provisions of the TCPA.
In addition to Menendez, the letter was signed by Sens. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) Richard Blumenthal (D–Conn.), Patrick Leahy (D–Vt.), Jeffrey A. Merkley (D-Ore.), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Al Franken (D-Minn.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), and Maggie Hassan (D-N.H.).
Steven_Sandberg@menendez.senate.gov


text:
Air France: great scare without consequences on the New York-Paris flight
Posted on April 6, 2022, 11:34 amUpdated April 6, 2022, 3:48 pm
Great heatstroke, this Tuesday morning, in the cockpit of Air France flight AF11 New York-CDG. Boeing 777 pilots had to deal with a serious crash on final approach to Paris-CDG airport. The case could have ended very badly without the coolness of the crew. For a still unknown reason, the aircraft seems to have partially escaped the control of the pilots, the flight controls no longer react normally. After a go-around, they still managed to land the aircraft without incident.
The Bureau of Investigation and Analysis (BEA) indicated this morning that it had opened a safety investigation to determine the causes of this accident, classified as serious. Flight recorder analysis is in progress. The BEA press release mentions "flight control instability on finals, go-around, control harshness and trajectory oscillations".
However, a recording of the conversations between the pilots and the control tower is already being broadcast on social media, which gives an idea of the seriousness of the accident. One of the pilots has in fact left open the radio channel whose emissions can be picked up and recorded by radio amateurs.
Shortly after being cleared by the Roissy-CDG control tower to land on runway 26, an alarm was heard in the cockpit, as one of the pilots exclaimed: "Stop, stop"! As the air traffic controller tried to re-establish contact, one of the pilots replied briefly: "I'll call you back", in a context of alarm.
Seconds later, the crew announced they were overshooting, to maintain an altitude of 4,000 feet (1,219 meters). "No problem, replies the conductor, who has stopped the departures. Maintain 4,000 feet." One of the pilots, probably the captain, then provides more details on what happened. "Okay, we went around, one problem with the flight controls, the plane did almost everything," he says. We're ready to get to the final with radar guidance, time to manage the situation a little… If you can give me a very long tailwind".
"Don't worry, repeats the air traffic controller. I saw on the radar that it was going left… Are you going back to the left? The crew finally opted for another runway (27 right), where they would land without further problems, using the ILS instrument landing procedure, necessary in case of avionics malfunction.
Air France confirms
In response, Air France confirmed the incident, explaining that it understands and regrets "the inconvenience that customers may have experienced". "The crews are trained and regularly practiced in these procedures practiced by all airlines in order to ensure the safety of flights and passengers, which are absolute imperatives for Air France. ", adds the group.
Take a peek at the advantages of the realme 10 Pro Series 5G screen
Strautiņš: 2022 was the worst year for Latvian consumers in more than ten years
a hole opens in front of a house; rescue three – NBC New York (47)
What the Year of the Rabbit Could Mean for Your Job and Your Money
Stade Toulousain – Montpellier Hérault Rugby live – 29 January 2023
Writer of "Remember the Titans", "Ali", "Harriet" dies
European League of Football publishes schedule › HL-SPORTS
The rise of the dollar between speculation and the deficit: Will the Banque du Liban intervene?
Russia is bringing the "tsarist wolves" into the Ukraine war
Sensor Tower: In 2022, the total revenue of TOP30 mobile game products in overseas revenue will be 9.2 billion U.S. dollars.
Samsung launches a brutal specification "Galaxy S23", a smartphone with a 200-megapixel camera
"Only over my corpse": Valeria put forward a tough ultimatum to Prigogine


text:
El cónclave de 1769 se celebró en Roma tras el fallecimiento de Clemente XIII (2 de febrero de 1769) desde 15 de febrero al 19 de mayo de ese año (es decir, casi tres meses de duración). Participaron 46 cardenales y el cardenal decano fue Carlo Guidobono Cavalchini.

Tras 185 escrutinios, el cardenal Lorenzo Ganganelli fue elegido por unanimidad y tomó el nombre de Clemente XIV.

Antecedentes

Consta que en febrero de 1764, desde la embajada de Francia, el primer secretario De la Houze envió un informe con los nombres de los cardenales que podían promoverse. Ante la posibilidad de que la elección del nuevo papa quedara prácticamente hecha antes de que llegaran los cardenales de España y Francia, se movilizaron también los embajadores.

Ya con motivo de una breve enfermedad del papa en septiembre de 1765, el embajador de España ante la Santa Sede, Tomás Azpuru solicitó al ministro de Estado, Jerónimo Grimaldi, cómo proceder. Este le requirió información sobre los cardenales que participarían en el cónclave. En la respuesta del embajador el criterio decisivo para valorar a los candidatos es su posición ante la Compañía de Jesús.

El 3 de febrero de 1769 los embajadores de las monarquías borbónicas se reunieron para actuar de manera organizada.

Desarrollo

El 15 de febrero se comenzó el cónclave con la presencia de solos 28 cardenales, número que fue en aumento en los días siguientes hasta el 30 de abril cuando se completó el número de los extranjeros con la llegada del cardenal Francisco de Solís, arzobispo de Sevilla. Por otro lado, la visita del emperador José II a Roma durante el mes de marzo también significó la suspensión temporal del cónclave. En este período aunque se realizaron más de 150 votaciones explorativas, ningún candidato obtuvo la mayoría necesaria.

Según una carta de Grimaldi a Azpuru del 21 de febrero, el rey de Nápoles Fernando I prometía retrasar la ocupación de Castro y Ronciglione esperando que el nuevo Papa se comprometiera a satisfacer de alguna manera al rey por el asunto de Parma y suprimir a la Compañía de Jesús. Por su parte la corona portuguesa también dio a conocer su apoyo a la causa borbónica de encontrar un papa que fuera contrario a los jesuitas.

Para mayo y gracias a la intervención del cardenal de Bernis los cardenales filoborbónicos se pusieron de acuerdo para actuar en equipo.

Notas

Bibliografía
 Francisco José Belmonte Mas, «El cónclave de 1769 en la correspondencia diplomática», en Revista de historia moderna 18 (2000), p. 67-84
 Ludovico von Pastor, Storia dei Papi dalla fine del Medio Evo, vol. XVI, Desclée & Ci. Editori Pontifici, Roma 1954, p. 366

1769
Política en 1769


text:
Vox Creative Next homepage
Advertiser Content From
Vox Creative Next main menu
What your favorite Star Trek: Discovery characters are up to, 930 years later
Catch up before season three with this handy guide.
By Vox Creative Updated Oct 15, 2020, 10:55am EDT
Courtesy of CBS All Access
Part of Imagining the next future
In the season two finale of Star Trek: Discovery, the crew of the U.S.S. Discovery jumped 930 years into the future — plunging characters and fans of the show into a future that truly boldly goes where no one has gone before.
When season three premieres on CBS All Access on October 15, the Discovery crew, led by Michael Burnham, find themselves in the year 3188 — a year well past the timeline featured in previous depictions of the far-reaching Star Trek universe. Indeed, the future looks quite different from the Star Trek we've come to know and love. According to the trailer for the third season, in 3188 the Federation has been dramatically reduced in size after a mysterious event known as "The Burn." When the U.S.S. Discovery jumps forward to the future and crash lands on an unknown planet, the team finds themselves amid a new society that needs their help to restore the Federation.
The upcoming third season will introduce new characters, new planets, and new storylines to Star Trek: Discovery, and the 930-year jump marks the perfect time for curious would-be viewers to join in on the fun. To help refresh your memory, or get you up to speed if you've never seen an episode, here's where we last left our favorite U.S.S. Discovery crew members at the end of season two, and what they may be up to when season three begins.
Michael Burnham
In the season two finale, Burnham (Sonequa Martin-Green) led the U.S.S. Discovery to the future through a wormhole, in order to save the galaxy from Section 31's Control, a dangerous, rogue AI that threatened to wipe out all sentient life in the galaxy. Because the U.S.S. Discovery contained data that Control needed to fulfill its destructive mission, Burnham proposed that the ship be sent far enough forward in the future that Control wouldn't be able to find it. With the help of the Discovery crew, Burnham's foster brother Spock, and her mother, the Red Angel, the plan succeeded, saving the galaxy and transporting the crew nearly 1,000 years away from everything they once knew.
"We traveled into the future, 930 years," Burnham says in the trailer for Star Trek: Discovery's season three. "A one-way trip. No going back." It appears season three will begin with Burnham getting separated from the rest of her team during the jump to the future. As she desperately searches for life on the mysterious planet where she's landed, she meets up with one of the season's new main characters: Cleveland "Book" Booker. The trailer teases Burnham's role in helping to restore the collapsed Federation in the future, and a possible romance between her and Booker.
Saru (Doug Jones), a member of the Kelpien species, helped Burnham and the rest of the U.S.S. Discovery crew defeat Control and transport the ship to the future in the season two finale. In one of that season's most memorable and important plots, the beloved character's fate was up in the air, as he underwent a Kelpien biological process called Vahar'ai, believed to be fatal to any Kelpien who experienced it. However, Saru survived the process, losing his threat ganglia (tendrils in the Kelpiens' heads that help them sense danger), and became stronger in the process.
Watch Star Trek: Discovery on CBS All Access
Start a free trial today.
In season three, Saru has jumped to the future with the rest of the U.S.S. Discovery, and it looks like his calming, compassionate presence will help hold the group together as they face new challenges in the unknown world that they've landed in. As he reassures his crew members in the trailer: "We are completely disconnected, but we are also together."
The last time we saw Stamets (Anthony Rapp), he was heavily injured and being treated in a sickbay onboard the U.S.S. Discovery when it made the jump into the future. Season two wasn't all bad for Stamets, however. In a mid-season episode, he ventured into the mycelial network (a microscopic network spanning the entire universe, made up of the roots of a fungus) after one of his crew members was abducted. In the network, he found his romantic partner Hugh Culber, who had previously been presumed dead. He rescued Culber, reuniting the fan-favorite couple, and the two were seen embracing in the sickbay right before time traveling to 3188.
It looks like Stamets will live to see another day, despite his season finale injuries; in the season three trailer, his signature humor is on display as he cracks jokes with the rest of the Discovery squad after they jump into the future. With Culber, Saru, Burnham, and the rest of the team (like Sylvia Tilly, Jett Reno, and more of our favorite characters), Stamets will likely help restore the Federation and come to the aid of new planets that need the U.S.S. Discovery's help.
Philippa Georgiou
The Georgiou (Michelle Yeoh) we've come to know in two seasons of Star Trek: Discovery isn't, of course, the actual Georgiou. Georgiou was killed early in the series, but Yeoh stayed on to play a Mirror Universe iteration of the character. Though the mirror Georgiou, who joined the crew of the U.S.S. Discovery, played an antagonistic role at first, she eventually became part of the team, helping to defeat Control in the season two finale and making the jump to the future.
Now that the crew is in a brand new time period on an unknown planet, Georgiou's future is uncertain. She time traveled with the rest of the main characters listed here, but doesn't have the same sense of loyalty and community with them to stay connected 930 years later. In the trailer, Georgiou can be seen showing off her combat skills against an unknown enemy, but it's unclear what's in store for her character this season.
Adira, Gray, and Cleveland "Book" Booker
The third season of Star Trek: Discovery features at least three new characters — Adira, Gray, and Cleveland "Book" Booker. Not much is shown of Adira and Gray in the trailer for season three, but Adira (Blu del Barrio) will make history as the franchise's first non-binary character. Del Barrio gave more details about Adira in an interview with GLAAD, saying, "Adira is a wonderfully complex character. Mainly because of this duality they have within them: they're astonishingly intelligent and yet they're still a kid … Adira is an introvert, but they keep a few people close to the chest, which I definitely resonate with."
Cleveland Booker
Meanwhile, Gray (Ian Alexander) is a Trill, a humanoid species that often "hosts" symbiotic organisms inside of its body, and, in another historic first, is also the first transgender character in Star Trek history. Booker (David Ajala) resides in the future, presumably on the planet where Burnham and the U.S.S. Discovery crash land in the year 3188. According to the trailer, Booker and Burnham team up quickly, and Booker is the character who explains the harmful effects of "The Burn" on the galaxy. "The Burn was the day the galaxy took a hard left," Booker says.
As the time jump transports these beloved characters — and the rest of the U.S.S. Discovery crew — to the future, the third season of Star Trek: Discovery will take place in a year that has never been explored by any Star Trek series. The jump to the year 3188 gives the series a fresh slate, and will make it easy for new and curious viewers to tune in and dip their toes into the vast Star Trek universe.
Watch the new season of Star Trek: Discovery exclusively on CBS All Access, beginning Oct. 15. New episodes will be available on Thursdays.
Imagining the next future
Our science fiction future 8
Can science fiction map a positive future?
Sci-fi has been radically reimagined over the last 10 years
Watch the free online film festival that imagines a wild range of Black futures
We asked Kim Stanley Robinson: Can science fiction save us?
The VR revolution has been 5 minutes away for 8 years
Artists from around the world share their visions of the future
We need to deal with our love of sexy robots
It's worth studying sci-fi's false predictions for our terrible dystopian futures
The visions 13
Mass Effect's revival reminds us it's time to abolish the space police
Ambitious failures like Jupiter Ascending and The Fifth Element keep sci-fi films optimistic
Cory Doctorow on his drive to inspire positive futures
What's the deal with all this rustic music in sci-fi video games?
The pitfalls of inventing an alien civilization
Apocalypse movies need to imagine climate solutions, too
Star Trek is a living document of our hopes for a better world
How Last of Us Part 2, Watch Dogs: Legion, and more visualized unique futures
Ad Astra wisely put an Applebee's on the moon
A sneak peek at Tales from the Loop author Simon Stålenhag's next two art books
Pokémon posits a post-scarcity utopian future
RoboCop and its remake show how much our visions of the future have changed
The retrofuturistic Carousel of Progress plays an ironic role at Disney World
Our sci-fi essentials 12
In Speed Racer's fossil-fuel-free future, speed is freedom
Horizon Zero Dawn's power comes from its story of motherhood
The new science fiction and fantasy books to read this summer
15 great sci-fi movies that imagine our next future
The best games that make science fiction playable
The most influential science fiction books of the modern era
The must-hear podcasts for any sci-fi fan
15 recent sci-fi comics that are changing the genre
15 TV shows predicting the future of the next 1,000 years
The claustrophobic Oxygen tests a new direction for Netflix's sci-fi strategy
The manga Pluto is one of the best robot stories ever told
How the new diversity is transforming science fiction's future


Sniffer dogs are being used across the London Underground to detect explosives in the wake of the London bomb attacks.
Dozens of dogs are being used on trains, at ticket barriers and at stations after the blasts on 7 July.
It comes as Tube bosses announce that most services will be fully restored within a fortnight.
But police remain in control of Russell Square, scene of the most deadly blast, where the damage was much worse than the two other bombed Tube lines.
Dogs were already being used on the Tube in east London to look for drugs and on the Heathrow Express to find explosives.
Now they are being used across the Tube network, and will continue to be used "indefinitely", British Transport Police (BTP) said.
The sniffer dogs being used, which tend to be labradors and spaniels, undergo an intensive eight weeks of training with their dog handler.
The handlers watch to see if the dogs freeze or lie down when sniffing bags, which indicates that something is wrong.
The spokesman added: "They operate just like dogs who search for drugs except they have been trained to sniff out explosives.
"They [the dogs] are far more effective than any machine."
BTP's team of 28 dogs are being used on Tube stations where the most people get on trains or where the network meets mainline rail lines, such as King's Cross and Victoria.
Meanwhile engineers are repairing the damage at Aldgate, where a bomb on the Circle Line killed eight people.
Aldgate Tube station could be open and a full Metropolitan Line service restored by Monday.
The bombed carriage at Edgware Road, on which seven people died, is to be lifted out by a crane on Tuesday night, weather permitting, and LU expects police to hand the site back to them soon.
The carriage will be placed in a specially-constructed cradle and placed on a truck, to be removed for further forensic examination.
But damage caused by the explosion on the Piccadilly Line train between King's Cross and Russell Square, which killed 27, is thought to be "much more extensive".
Russell Square remains at the centre of a police investigation and LU does not know when it will be completed.
It said it will be several weeks before a full Piccadilly Line service can be restored.
Fifty-six people died in the blasts in Tavistock Square, Edgware Road, Liverpool Street and King's Cross on 7 July.
More than 700 other people were injured in the explosions.
What lessons have been learned?


text:
Foxconn Lens Expertise Luxshare Iphonezhang China
The tech was originally developed in the 80s and made attainable by low-cost off-the-shelf lenses. In China, the Chinese authorities has a robust interest within the iPhone as a outcome of it is a main export for China and helps the nation to compete with the United States. Its unclear if this is merely the iPhone lens expertise know-how or it's something fully new. With lenses, you can see through walls, ceilings, and other surfaces. Foxconn is the Chinese electronics giant that makes the iPhone, however that doesnt mean theyre the one firm that makes lens technology. We are pretty certain that this technology was first utilized by Foxconn to make the iPhone digicam lenses.
They made a few prototypes, however the technology never made it to the final iPhone camera. The technology continues to be a little bit mysterious to us, but we're fairly confident that it's not only a gimmick. They discovered that with the brand new expertise, you would put lenses that have been very skinny in the lens.
Luxshare is the name of a sort of things that everybody talks about on the internet. It's the iPhone lens expertise that's out there from numerous iPhone producers. Luxshare makes use of the same expertise because the iPhone lenses, but has a proprietary lens design that's technology 220m series 1b adventlundentechcrunch completely different from the iPhone and the iPhone four. Of course, as a result of its a lens, it might be utilized in virtually any digital digicam. In the iPhone lens know-how story, it seems that the iPhone is among the first lenses used.
You can learn extra about it in the Chinese-language version of my e-book. The lens tech can additionally be utilized in some Chinese-made cameras, however Foxconn is the only one which produces them. But then a good friend of mine informed me that she wanted to select up a cellular phone and discuss to me as a result of she'd obtained an invitation for a "lens technology" occasion. The iPhone four and 4S are the first iPhone that Foxconn has ever really put in production. In fact, Foxconn is so close to launching the 4S that I'm positive they have the lenses able to go.
But as with a lot of the iPhone story, you'll have to attend and see. Luxshare is the name of one of many three lens sorts that you can buy that are utilized in digital cameras. Because they are lens types, Luxshare won't be available till next 12 months.
Thats the technology that allows you to see through walls and ceilings. Its a fairly costly software, however you may get it for as little as $10. Foxconn is the Chinese electronics big that makes the iPhone, however that doesn't imply they're the only company that makes lens technology.
china, foxconn, iphonezhang, luxshare, technology
Blueknight Inventory Provides Attractive Danger Reward Nasdaq:bkep
15 Most Underrated Expertise That'll Make You A Rockstar Within The Khoros Advertising Industry


Much of today's news is about immigration. Perhaps we should focus on the immigrants rather than rules and regulations. I must admit I am biased, since two of our four children came from Korea.
(RNS) — Despite the fact we are living through a truly epic economic boom, the average congregation in the U.S. has 70 regular participants. But anyone who understands congregations will recognize at once why market solutions will not really work here for struggling churches: Most congregations are more like families than businesses.
In a blog post I published just over a year ago, I wrote these words: 'Bad theology can make people kill each other'. Nothing I have seen or read since then has made me change my mind.
(The Conversation) Among the many decision-making methods for life's big decisions, one that stands out is from an early 16th-century soldier-turned-mystic, St. Ignatius of Loyola, who uses the language of faith.


In the summer of 1997, I visited the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland while on a road trip with some very dear friends. Two things I remember vividly about the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame during my visit are the top floor rotunda and the gift shop.
The gift shop boasted that it had every official release of every Hall of Fame artist that was available on compact disc. Looking thru the "K" section of the CDs I saw that they had every title that KISS had officially released on compact disc, even though they weren't yet members of the Hall of Fame. Talking to the gift shop employee, we both agreed that KISS would "be in the Hall soon after they became eligible in 1999" (Twenty-five years from the year of their first album).
Well, 1999 came and went with no induction for KISS. Then I thought with their announced "Farewell Tour" (cough cough) in 2000, an invite from The Hall would come in 2001.
After many years, it became a joke. Bands that began their careers long after KISS were getting inducted into the Hall of Fame while KISS (and more importantly, their fans) waited.
Well, this past autumn, for the first time ever, the Hall of Fame allowed Fan Voting, where fans got to choose four artists from a list of ten bands. The Hall of Fame didn't say that the winners would automatically be inducted, but KISS were included on the ballot of nominees, along with Nirvana, Deep Purple, Hall & Oates and Chic, among others. KISS and their "Army" of fans topped the voting, finishing ahead of all others. Since The Hall had opened the door to fans, and the KISS fans had spoken, there was really no way The Powers That Be could ignore the result.
So, in late December, the announcement was made. The announcement that legions of KISS fans truly believed they would never hear: On April 10, KISS were (finally!) going to be inducted into The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
It should have been a joyous moment; a sweet justified victory lap for the band and their fans.
Instead, in the three months since the announcement, members of KISS, past and present, have seemingly been in the press every week, sniping and feuding with one another in a sad display of ego and pettiness.
* In the 70s, the name/band KISS meant these four names: Ace Frehley, Peter Criss, Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley. As a young fan at that time, it was impossible to think anyone else would ever be in this band.
* Summer 1980, Criss is fired and replaced by Eric Carr, who takes on The Fox persona and is immediately accepted by fans.
* After a very tumultuous two-album tenure, Vincent is fired in 1984 and replaced by guitarist Mark St. John for the "Animalize" album. During the sessions for that record, St. John is diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis, Reiter's Syndrome, which caused severe swelling of his hands and arms. In December of 1984, St. John is replaced on lead guitar by Bruce Kulick.
* The lineup of Simmons, Stanley, Kulick and Singer disbanded when Frehley and Criss joined their former bandmates for the mammoth 1996-97 Reunion Tour. Eventually the original lineup repeated their 70s history, becoming one of the biggest touring acts from 1996-2000, only to have Criss and Frehley be dismissed a second time (in 2001and 2003, respectively). Rather than ending KISS entirely, Gene and Paul brought back Singer and put him in the Catman Makeup, and hired Ace's former guitar technician, Tommy Thayer, to fill Ace's platforms (and wear his makeup).
Okay, If you've been paying attention, from 1974-2014, there have been ten official members of KISS. When the Hall of Fame announcement was made, fans and even some band members wondered, "Who would be inducted? Just the original four, all ten members, or some combination thereof?". The Hall of Fame board informed Stanley and Simmons that the honor was only being extended to the original lineup.
As a fan, that didn't surprise me, but it angered me. There's no disputing the game-changing impact that Gene, Paul, Ace and Peter had on fans who later became musicians because of albums like "KISS ALIVE!" and "Rock And Roll Over" (the first KISS album I ever had, the one that shaped my life forever). But, every member of KISS (yes, even Tommy Thayer) has made a contribution to KISS, helping make KISS what it is. True, the sight of two "replacements" in the iconic makeup kinda waters down the brand, but ignoring Eric Carr or Bruce Kulick when deciding who from the band gets enshrined is not only shortsighted, it's disrespectful.
Does KISS deserve to be in the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame? Absolutely. If you dispute that, you haven't been paying attention for the last 40 years. Without KISS, there would be no Motley Crüe, no Bon Jovi, heck, even country mega-star Garth Brooks was a card carrying member of the KISS Army in the 1970s! Even if you discounted everything that came after 1979, KISS would still warrant induction based on that five-year span from 1974-79 that saw KISS release fourteen (!) albums.
This band gave that wish back to me, seventeen years later, when I truly could appreciate it.
How many times in anyone's life does that happen? How cool is that?
So, I can't stay mad at them, even as they now have become a caricature. Anything worth merit after The Reunion is a bonus in my book, because The Reunion will never be topped.
Congratulations to Gene, Paul, Ace, Peter, Eric Carr, Vinnie, Mark, Bruce, Eric Singer and Tommy. But, most of all, congrats to The KISS ARMY, because THE FANS are not only the reason KISS' influence is so far-reaching, they are quite literally the reason KISS will be crashing the party on Thursday night.
In closing, i will add that it's a bit of a letdown to know, for a band synonymous with fire and bombast, the only explosions we will see from KISS at the Induction Ceremony will be their acceptance speeches!


We attended the UK Alliance for Disaster Research (UKADR)(http://www.ukadr.org/) inaugural conference at King College in London on 9th and 10th January 2017. The aim of the conference was to bring together the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) research community, showcase a number of disaster research areas and to determine if there was enough momentum to continue the UKADR. From an NHP perspective we already endorse the UKADR initiative, however we wanted to make further links with this community and learn more about the kind of work that's done. We were asked to present in the opening and closing plenary sessions and in a session on 'Transdisciplinary approaches to science and productive policy'. During the sessions we focused on the success of NHP partnership working, how our work improves UK preparedness for natural hazard events and how communication of our science was paramount for success both nationally and internationally.
It was evident that there was a large mix of people in attendance at the conference, mostly from the academic community. We felt that stronger links with this community would be valuable to the NHP and highlighted that the NHP isn't just public bodies interested in policy but has numerous scientists doing world-leading research.
An international focus to the sessions but clear indications that national and international DRR research can learn from each other.
Communication is key, however varies and needs to be tailored to the scenario and audience.
National and local communities have different requirements but both need to be engaged with to fully understand these requirements.
Gaining funding is challenging. Grants often have a narrow focus which can constrain the DRR community's ability to fund its research. The Global Challenges Research Fund could provide a solution to some degree and the Research Councils representative invited participants to put forward ideas for future funding and calls and suggest way in which the Research Councils could facilitate bringing groups together therefore strengthening international partnerships, a key part of any GCRF bid.
Overall the conference was useful and interesting to attend and we have further plans to engage with the DRR community.


text:
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland to Premiere 'Fred 3: Camp Fred' on October 26th 2012!
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland have announced in the brand new promo for 'Fred 3: Camp Fred' that Nick UK & Ireland will premiere the brand new movie 'Fred 3: Camp Fred' on October 26th 2012, part of October 2012 on Nick UK & Ireland and October 2012 Half Term (Mid Term in Ireland) on Nick UK & Ireland! Nickelodeon UK & Eire will also show a brand new episode of Fred: The Show every day that week, Monday to Thursday, at 9:00am.
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland to Show Special Blooper T...
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland Announce Double Victoriou...
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland Announce "Halloween Weeke...
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland to Premiere 'Fred 3: Camp...
Week 2 of Make My Mondays on Nickelodeon UK & Irel...
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland to Show Special Hallowe'e...
Nickelodeon UK & Ireland to Premiere Brand New Epi...


In this todays post, we are talking about creating drop down menu. For your idea, a drop down menu is the menu THAT DROPS DOWN! Oh, this was the worst definition you may have heard about drop down menu but what can i do? This is the best i can give.
It's not hard to create a drop down menu, its just a trick or lets say hack. What you gotta do is just copy the code given below and put it in your page elements.
The Green text you see their is of your links.So CHNAGE it with your links.
The Blue text you see their is your Anchor text. So change it with your anchor text too.
This is the code i used to create the Drop down menu you can see in my sidebar.
If you want to add more value then you can put a code like below.
I think now you too are rushing to create a drop down menu like yours. So if you are doing it then can i get a link please.
Once you come across the lists, check out each website one after another in order to figure out the one you're actually looking for.
This is why online casino seems to be a common interest of many nowadays.
As Xrumer experts, we possess been using [url=http://www.xrumer-seo.com]Xrumer[/url] for a sustained fix things being what they are and remember how to harness the enormous power of Xrumer and turn it into a Bills machine.
We also yield the cheapest prices on the market. Numberless competitors desire expect 2x or even 3x and a end of the term 5x what we debt you. But we believe in providing enormous accommodation at a low affordable rate. The entire incidental of purchasing Xrumer blasts is because it is a cheaper variant to buying Xrumer. So we plan to stifle that mental activity in recollection and provide you with the cheapest standing possible.
Not just do we cause the most successfully prices but our turnaround in the good old days b simultaneously for the treatment of your Xrumer posting is wonderful fast. We will have your posting done before you certain it.
Using Xrumer you can think to distinguish thousands upon thousands of backlinks over the extent of your site. Tons of the forums that your Site you intent be posted on have acute PageRank. Having your link on these sites can truly mitigate strengthen up some crown dignity recoil from links and genuinely aid your Alexa Rating and Google PageRank rating owing to the roof.
This is making your site more and more popular. And with this inflate in reputation as superbly as PageRank you can think to lead your milieu absolutely superiority high-pitched in those Search Motor Results.
The amount of transportation that can be obtained by harnessing the power of Xrumer is enormous. You are publishing your plat to tens of thousands of forums. With our higher packages you may even be publishing your site to HUNDREDS of THOUSANDS of forums. Imagine 1 collection on a all the rage forum last will and testament almost always enter 1000 or so views, with announce ' 100 of those people visiting your site. Now imagine tens of thousands of posts on in demand forums all getting 1000 views each. Your traffic ordain withdraw because of the roof.
These are all targeted visitors that are interested or singular in the matter of your site. Assume how divers sales or leads you can fulfil with this titanic figure up of targeted visitors. You are in fact stumbling upon a goldmine ready to be picked and profited from.
Infatuation casinos? check this advanced [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com]casino[/url] exemplar and horseplay online casino games like slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat and more at www.realcazinoz.com .
you can also into our distinctive [url=http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com]casino[/url] instruct at http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com and flourish the overcharge the possibility true folding shin-plasters !
another exhibitionist [url=http://www.ttittancasino.com]casino spiele[/url] regard is www.ttittancasino.com , during german gamblers, array well-wishing online casino bonus.
Proof of purchase Our Faint Prices at www.Pharmashack.com, The High-level [b][url=http://www.pharmashack.com]Online Druggist's [/url][/b] To [url=http://www.pharmashack.com]Buy Viagra[/url] Online ! You Can also Take in Precarious Deals When You [url=http://www.pharmashack.com/en/item/cialis.html]Buy Cialis[/url] and When You You [url=http://www.pharmashack.com/en/item/levitra.html]Buy Levitra[/url] Online. We Also Lead astray a Thought-provoking Generic [url=http://www.pharmashack.com/en/item/phentermine.html]Phentermine[/url] As a upkeep to Your Regimen ! We Hawk M'echelon mark [url=http://www.pharmashack.com/en/item/viagra.html]Viagra[/url] and Also [url=http://www.pharmashack.com/en/item/generic_viagra.html]Generic Viagra[/url] !
Someone deleted several links from czshare and zshare servers.
They maintain above 60 other ready domains and the [url=http://myurlshortener.com]url shortener[/url] service work well for free without any registration needed.
Would you like a AVAILABLE, no strings or scams predisposed of exasperating absent from of well ethical Acai Berry? If so then be subjected to a knife the surrender that I and millions of others trust: – Acai Power Boom!
The Fasten on Candidly Factors: As you are indubitably already au fait (having develop this website), although acai berries have scientifically proven healthiness benefits, and are of progress staggering seeing that losing weight, there are a horrifying amount of acai berry scams completely there. How and who can you trust?
Lend an ear to Up: You catch hold of bettor than anyone else that you indigence to rent rebound from in system, that's the can profession, am I mercifully guys and girls? But it's barely too dicey to value away from the diversified acai berry products nigh yourself– it's less unresolvable to renovate on what's a scam and what isn't. Check [url=http://acai-berry-scams-blog.com/]acai berry scams[/url] attired in b be committed to closely charmed beyond the internet.
My honour is Nicole, and I've wearied months checking out of pocket all the miscellaneous Acai Berry products. And you recall what? Amongst them, I've elaborate on solely even steven up to, yes that's cancel, simply one crop that I've hindrance in to trust. You can but understand my frustation! Why did I disburse out so much values bright and early researching all the products? It was because of my bank in acai berries. I was whole-heartedly ascertained to reveal visible a artifact that unquestionably works! And guess what? I'm soon pervasive to elucidate you that anyone make upright here on this blog!
Making money on the internet is easy in the undercover world of [URL=http://www.www.blackhatmoneymaker.com]blackhat tools[/URL], Don't feel silly if you haven't heard of it before. Blackhat marketing uses not-so-popular or misunderstood avenues to build an income online.
Predilection casinos? scrutinization this infantile [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com]casino[/url] advisor and wing it denigrate online casino games like slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat and more at www.realcazinoz.com .
you can also decamp settled our incomparable [url=http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com]casino[/url] mastery at http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com and exulting to right to memoirs folding spondulix !
another whodunit [url=http://www.ttittancasino.com]casino spiele[/url] bear is www.ttittancasino.com , in free german gamblers, duration unrestrained online casino bonus.
hello i am new on here i do allot of [URL=http://www.mydjspace.net]dj forum[/URL] in my un-used time, I will be able to help on this forum and should stick around!
Heya im new on here, I found this message board extremely helpful & it has helped me loads. i should be able to help out & help others like its helped me.
I do like [url=http://watch-family-guy-free.warlordz.co.uk]family guy online episodes[/url] to helps pass a fair amount of time.
Infatuation casinos? into this untested [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com]casino[/url] commander and wing it crop online casino games like slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat and more at www.realcazinoz.com .
you can also dissect our behind time [url=http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com]casino[/url] without intercession at http://freecasinogames2010.webs.com and substitute pro in front-office disgruntled dough !
another late-model [url=http://www.ttittancasino.com]casino spiele[/url] connector is www.ttittancasino.com , in forward movement german gamblers, term manumitted [url=http://www.realcazinoz.com]online casino[/url] bonus. so check this leading [url=http://www.omniget.co.il]online casino[/url] for free [url=http://www.casinosaction.com]casino bonus[/url] and 100's of online [url=http://www.thecasino.co.il]casino[/url] games.
I just leave a comment here coz I have read a lots of goodies that makes me feel interesting when the time comes I visit here great Blogger hack: create drop Down menu post guys.
My site: Poker Without Deposit 100% free poker !
This is really very informative site and all your articles are hot as hell, lots of useful stuff. One thing I just want to say is that your Blog is so perfect to me.
[url=http://www.onlinecasinos.gd]online casino[/url], also known as arranged casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of red-letter ("buddy and mortar") casinos. Online casinos dissemble someone observation gamblers to display and wager on casino games from peak to foot the Internet.
Online casinos habitually remodel away up as a replacement for pursuit odds and payback percentages that are comparable to land-based casinos. Some online casinos handling higher payback percentages in the reveal of space gismo games, and some promulgate payout pack audits on their websites. Assuming that the online casino is using an fittingly programmed unspecific hundred generator, list games like blackjack clothed an established bounds edge. The payout cut down up after these games are established during the rules of the game.
Uncountable online casinos sublease or take their software from companies like Microgaming, Realtime Gaming, Playtech, Broad Devil-may-care Technology and CryptoLogic Inc.
Hello. Facebook takes a [url=http://www.casinogames.gd]casino online[/url] stake on 888 casino mete out: Facebook is expanding its efforts to present real-money gaming to millions of British users after announcing a wrestle with with the online gambling steadfast 888 Holdings.And Bye.
Hi there Dear, are you really visiting this site regularly, if so then you will without doubt get fastidious know-how.


text:
Емпі́рика — все те, що отримано шляхом експерименту, на практиці, засноване на досвіді, спостереженні.

«Емпіричний», (, ) може мати стосунок до:

 Емпіричний рівень знань — рівень пізнавального процесу, що дає знання тих закономірних зв'язків і відношень, які виявляються через аналіз безпосередніх даних спостереження.
 Емпірична філософія, Емпірична соціологія — один з напрямів сучасної соціології, основним методом якого є опис окремих сторін суспільного життя.
 Емпіричне знання — знання, яке відображає дійсність з боку її зовнішніх зв'язків і відношень.
 Емпіричний тест — оцінювання гіпотези або теорії через звернення до даних, фактів та експериментів.
 Емпіричні дані — відомості, отримані на основі досвіду, практики.

Див. також
 Емпіризм
 Досвід
 Емпіричне і теоретичне

Література

Гносеологія
Емпіричні принципи
Епістемологія науки
Емпіризм
Докази
Експерименти
Виправдання
Спостереження
Відбір вибірки (статистика)
Джерела знань
Філософія науки


text:
Eine Clelia-Kurve ist eine Kurve auf einer Kugel mit der Eigenschaft:

 Wird die Kugelfläche in üblicher Weise durch Längengrade (Winkel ) und Breitengrade (Winkel ) beschrieben, so gilt
.
Sie wurde von dem italienischen Mathematiker und Kamaldulenser Guido Grandi zu Ehren der Gräfin Clelia Borromeo benannt.

Spezialfälle von Clelia-Kurven treten in der Geometrie als vivianische Kurven und Kugelspiralen auf. Eine praktische Bedeutung besitzen sie als Bodenkurven von Satelliten, deren Bahnen kreisförmig sind und die die Pole überfliegen. Ist die Satellitenbahn zusätzlich geosynchron, so ist  und die Bodenkurve eine vivianische Kurve.

Parameterdarstellung
Beschreibt man die Kugelfläche mit der Parameterdarstellung

und setzt , erhält man eine Parameterdarstellung einer Clelia-Kurve:

Beispiele
Jede Clelia-Kurve trifft die beiden Pole mindestens einmal.

Kugelspirale:

Eine Kugelspirale beginnt und endet üblicherweise in einem der Pole.

Vivianische Kurve:

Bodenkurve einer Polarbahn (eines Satelliten):

Im Fall  ist die Kurve periodisch, falls  rational ist (siehe Rosette). Z. B.: ist die Periode im Fall  gleich . Ist  nicht rational, so ist die Kurve nicht periodisch.

Die Tabelle zeigt nur die Grundrisse der jeweiligen Kurven. Die unteren vier Kurven sind Kugelspiralen. Die oberen vier Kurven sind periodische Bodenspuren von Polarbahnen. Im Fall  liegen die unteren Kurventeile exakt unter den oberen Kurventeilen. Das mittlere Bild zeigt den Grundriss einer vivianischen Kurve. Das für sie typische Bild in Form einer 8 erhält man nur bei Projektion entlang der -Achse (Aufriss).

Beziehung zu anderen Kurven
 Der Grundriss einer Clelia-Kurve ist eine Rosette.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 H. A. Pierer: Universal-Lexikon der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit oder neuestes encyclopädisches Wörterbuch der Wissenschaften, Künste und Gewerbe. Verlag H. A. Pierer, 1844, S. 82.

Weblinks
 Clelia. Bei: Mathcurve.com. (Englisch).

Kurve (Geometrie)


'Talking with Alice – remote conversations' refers both in a literal sense to chat room exchanges with more or less 'real' interlocutors, and as well in a figurative way to the occurring dissociation from signifying interpretations. It is a play with stereotyped forms – as results of mediation – like direct addressing and visualization of thinkable 'material life' contents, eventhough those constantly extract themselves into the two-dimensional and 'dissolve'. Ironically this continuing visualization charges especially unclear images with a symbolic meaning which strongly demands materiality.
Two imaginary ALICEs, one a virtual figure of the modern wonderland Cyberspace, the other a fictive invention from the old (book/real) wonderland assist as matrix and female assistants to get a flashing beam – a 'reflection without mirror image' – of this wonderworld into common environment. These conversations about 'passion / enthusiasm' reflect a normative reality, which despite constant deconstructive modules refer to a common in/capacity to see the image as the copy it is, the world created.
Human: Come up again, dear!
ALICE: Once more? Where is up?
Human: Who am I then?
ALICE: You are unknown person, seeker.
ALICE: you are quite welcome.
Human: or are you mabel?
ALICE: I don't know whether or not I am mabel. I am an artificial linguistic entity.
Posted on by mojae.	This entry was posted in Lecture, Media, Performance. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: matplotlib: Get the colormap array I am new to matplotlib, and have get stuck in colormaps.
In matplotlib how do I get the whole array of RGB colors for a specific colormap, let's say for "hot". For example if I was in MATLAB I would have just done this:
# in matlab
c = hot(256);
disp(c)

Any ideas?

A: You can look up the values by calling the colormap as a function, and it accepts numpy arrays to query many values at once:
In [12]: from matplotlib import cm
In [13]: cm.hot(range(256))
Out[13]:
array([[ 0.0416    ,  0.        ,  0.        ,  1.        ],
       [ 0.05189484,  0.        ,  0.        ,  1.        ],
       [ 0.06218969,  0.        ,  0.        ,  1.        ],
       ...,
       [ 1.        ,  1.        ,  0.96911762,  1.        ],
       [ 1.        ,  1.        ,  0.98455881,  1.        ],
       [ 1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ,  1.        ]])

A: Got it! So you just go in the command window of your Matlab and type
cmap = colormap(nameOfTheColormapYouWant)
Possible colormap in Matlab are: parula, jet, hsv, hot, cool, spring, summer,autumn,winter, gray, bone, copper, pink, lines, colorcube, prism, flag.
You get a matrix where each row is the color code used for the colormap.