text:
Q: Parenthesis error when I add one more UNION I have a subquery of another query in which I have to show a lot of data, and I wanted to add a third UNION in the query. It should be noted that before adding the third UNION the query worked without problems, but when adding the third UNION it shows me an error of
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis

00907. 00000 - "missing right parenthesis"

The line it indicates is a parenthesis just before the third UNION, but if I add it, everything falls apart and gives an error that the query is not closing properly and thus a loop. Searching I have seen that it may be because of the order by that does not support them when there are multiple unions, but with two it already works, I do not understand it.
This is the entire subquery:
SELECT
    *
FROM
    (
    SELECT
        ROWNUM RNUM,
        SUBQUERY.*
    FROM
        (
        SELECT
            SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_ID SESSION_SERVICE_CATALOG_ID,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_TEXT_NAME_ES,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_TEXT_NAME_EN,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_TEXT_NAME_ES,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_TEXT_NAME_EN,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.ID MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_ID,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_ES,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_EN,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.ID MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_ID,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ALARM_DAYS CES_CATALOG_ALARM_DAYS,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ADVANCE_DAYS CES_CATALOG_ADVANCE_DAYS,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.COST_BY_STUDENT CES_CATALOG_COST_BY_STUDENT,
            MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.DESCRIPTION,
            SERVICES_TABLE.COST SESSION_SERVICE_COST,
            SERVICES_TABLE.NUM_ITEMS SESSION_SERVICE_NUM_ITEMS,
            SERVICES_TABLE.COMMENTS SESSION_SERVICE_COMMENTS,
            SERVICES_TABLE.STATUS PROGRAM_SERVICE_STATUS,
            MT_CES_STATUS.TEXT_NAME_EN PROGRAM_SERVICE_STATUS_LITERAL,
            (
            SELECT
                LISTAGG(MTP.TEXT_NAME_EN, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
            ORDER BY
                MTP.TEXT_NAME_EN ASC
            )
        FROM
            FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_PROVIDERS P
        INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_PROVIDER MTP
        ON
            (MTP.ID = P.PROVIDER_ID)
        WHERE
            P.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ID
        ) PROVIDER_LITERAL,
        (
        SELECT
            LISTAGG(PRO.NAME, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
        ORDER BY
            PRO.NAME ASC
        )
    FROM
        FRM.SESIONCURSO SES
    INNER JOIN FRM.AS_COURSE COU
    ON
        (
            SES.CURSO = COU.ID AND COU.REMOVED = '0'
        )
    INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PERIOD PE
    ON
        (
            COU.PERIOD_ID = PE.ID AND PE.REMOVED = '0'
        )
    INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM PRO
    ON
        (
            PE.PROGRAM_ID = PRO.ID AND PRO.REMOVED = '0'
        )
    WHERE
        PRO.ID != AS_PROGRAM.ID AND SES.HORAINICIO = SE.HORAINICIO AND(
            NVL(
                SE.AULA,
                (
                    NVL(
                        AS_COURSE.CLASSROOM_ID,
                        AS_PROGRAM.CLASSROOM_ID
                    )
                )
            )
        ) =(
            NVL(
                SES.AULA,
                (
                    NVL(
                        COU.CLASSROOM_ID,
                        PRO.CLASSROOM_ID
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    ) PROGRAMS_NAME,
    AS_PROGRAM.PARTICIPANTS PROGRAM_PARTICIPANTS,
    SE.HORAINICIO SESSION_DATE,
    SE.ID SESSION_ID,
    '0' IS_SPECIAL_SESSION,
    SE.NOMBRE SESSION_TITLE,
    SERVICES_TABLE.ID SERVICE_ID,
    SERVICES_TABLE.PARTICIPANTS,
    SERVICES_TABLE.CLASSROOM_ID SERVICE_CLASSROOM_ID,
    SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_START,
    SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_END,
    (
    SELECT
        AUL.TEXT_CODE
    FROM
        FRM.MT_CLASSROOM AUL
    WHERE
        AUL.ID = NVL(
            SE.AULA,
            (
                NVL(
                    AS_COURSE.CLASSROOM_ID,
                    AS_PROGRAM.CLASSROOM_ID
                )
            )
        )
) CALCULATED_CLASSROOM,
(
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(MTP.TEXT_CODE, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        MTP.TEXT_CODE ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.CES_SESSION_SERVICES_CLASSROOMS P
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CLASSROOM MTP
ON
    (MTP.ID = P.CLASSROOM_ID)
WHERE
    P.SERVICE_ID = SERVICES_TABLE.ID
) SERVICE_CLASSROOMS,
SE.HORAINICIO +(1 / 1440 * SE.MINUTOS) SESSION_END_DATE,
AS_PROGRAM.STATUS_ID PROGRAM_STATUS_ID,
AS_PROGRAM.NAME PROGRAM_NAME,
MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.EXT_LINK_NAME,
MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.EXT_LINK_URI,
CASE WHEN EXISTS(
    SELECT
        CES_MATERIALCOORD.ID
    FROM
        FRM.CES_MATERIALCOORD
    WHERE
        CES_MATERIALCOORD.SESSIONSERVICE_ID = SERVICES_TABLE.ID
) THEN '1' ELSE '0'
    END AS HASMATERIAL,
    SERVICES_TABLE.PENDING_SEND
FROM
    FRM.SESIONCURSO SE
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_COURSE ON
    (
        SE.CURSO = AS_COURSE.ID AND AS_COURSE.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PERIOD ON
    (
        AS_COURSE.PERIOD_ID = AS_PERIOD.ID AND AS_PERIOD.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM ON
    (
        AS_PERIOD.PROGRAM_ID = AS_PROGRAM.ID AND AS_PROGRAM.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.CES_SESSION_SERVICES SERVICES_TABLE
ON
    (
        SERVICES_TABLE.SESSION_ID = SE.ID
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ID = SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_ID
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.PARENT_SERVICE
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.PARENT_SERVICE
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_STATUS ON
    (
        MT_CES_STATUS.ID = SERVICES_TABLE.STATUS
    )
LEFT JOIN FRM.MT_CES_PROVIDER ON
    (
        MT_CES_PROVIDER.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.PROVIDER_ID
    )
WHERE
    AS_PROGRAM.ID = 'TEST'
UNION ALL
SELECT
    SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_ID SESSION_SERVICE_CATALOG_ID,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_TEXT_NAME_ES,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_TEXT_NAME_EN,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_TEXT_NAME_ES,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_TEXT_NAME_EN,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.ID MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_ID,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_ES,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_EN,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.ID MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_ID,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ALARM_DAYS CES_CATALOG_ALARM_DAYS,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ADVANCE_DAYS CES_CATALOG_ADVANCE_DAYS,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.COST_BY_STUDENT CES_CATALOG_COST_BY_STUDENT,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.DESCRIPTION,
    SERVICES_TABLE.COST SESSION_SERVICE_COST,
    SERVICES_TABLE.NUM_ITEMS SESSION_SERVICE_NUM_ITEMS,
    SERVICES_TABLE.COMMENTS SESSION_SERVICE_COMMENTS,
    SERVICES_TABLE.STATUS PROGRAM_SERVICE_STATUS,
    MT_CES_STATUS.TEXT_NAME_EN PROGRAM_SERVICE_STATUS_LITERAL,
    (
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(MTP.TEXT_NAME_EN, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        MTP.TEXT_NAME_EN ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_PROVIDERS P
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_PROVIDER MTP
ON
    (MTP.ID = P.PROVIDER_ID)
WHERE
    P.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ID
) PROVIDER_LITERAL,
(
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(PRO.NAME, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        PRO.NAME ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.SESIONESPECIAL SES
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM PRO
ON
    (
        SES.IDPROGRAMA = PRO.ID AND PRO.REMOVED = '0'
    )
WHERE
    PRO.ID != AS_PROGRAM.ID AND SES.HORAINICIO = SE.HORAINICIO AND(
        NVL(
            SE.AULA,
            (AS_PROGRAM.CLASSROOM_ID)
        )
    ) = NVL(SES.AULA, PRO.CLASSROOM_ID)
) PROGRAMS_NAME,
AS_PROGRAM.PARTICIPANTS PROGRAM_PARTICIPANTS,
SE.HORAINICIO SESSION_DATE,
SE.ID SESSION_ID,
'1' IS_SPECIAL_SESSION,
SE.NOMBRE SESSION_TITLE,
SERVICES_TABLE.ID SERVICE_ID,
SERVICES_TABLE.PARTICIPANTS,
SERVICES_TABLE.CLASSROOM_ID SERVICE_CLASSROOM_ID,
SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_START,
SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_END,
(
    SELECT
        AUL.TEXT_CODE
    FROM
        FRM.MT_CLASSROOM AUL
    WHERE
        AUL.ID = NVL(
            SE.AULA,
            AS_PROGRAM.CLASSROOM_ID
        )
) CALCULATED_CLASSROOM,
(
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(MTP.TEXT_CODE, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        MTP.TEXT_CODE ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.CES_SPECIAL_SESSION_SERVICES_CLASSROOMS P
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CLASSROOM MTP
ON
    (MTP.ID = P.CLASSROOM_ID)
WHERE
    P.SERVICE_ID = SERVICES_TABLE.ID
) SERVICE_CLASSROOMS,
SE.HORAINICIO +(1 / 1440 * SE.MINUTOS) SESSION_END_DATE,
AS_PROGRAM.STATUS_ID PROGRAM_STATUS_ID,
AS_PROGRAM.NAME PROGRAM_NAME,
MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.EXT_LINK_NAME,
MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.EXT_LINK_URI,
CASE WHEN EXISTS(
    SELECT
        CES_MATERIALCOORD.ID
    FROM
        FRM.CES_MATERIALCOORD
    WHERE
        CES_MATERIALCOORD.SPECIALSESSIONSERVICE_ID = SERVICES_TABLE.ID
) THEN '1' ELSE '0'
END AS HASMATERIAL,
SERVICES_TABLE.PENDING_SEND
FROM
    FRM.SESIONESPECIAL SE
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM ON
    (
        SE.IDPROGRAMA = AS_PROGRAM.ID AND AS_PROGRAM.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.CES_SPECIAL_SESSION_SERVICES SERVICES_TABLE
ON
    (
        SERVICES_TABLE.SESSION_ID = SE.ID
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ID = SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_ID
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.PARENT_SERVICE
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.PARENT_SERVICE
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_STATUS ON
    (
        MT_CES_STATUS.ID = SERVICES_TABLE.STATUS
    )
LEFT JOIN FRM.MT_CES_PROVIDER ON
    (
        MT_CES_PROVIDER.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.PROVIDER_ID
    )
WHERE
    AS_PROGRAM.ID = 'TEST'
ORDER BY
    SERVICE_START
DESC
    ,
    SESSION_DATE
DESC
    ,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_EN
DESC
UNION ALL
SELECT
    SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_ID SESSION_SERVICE_CATALOG_ID,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_TEXT_NAME_ES,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_TEXT_NAME_EN,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_TEXT_NAME_ES,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_TEXT_NAME_EN,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.ID MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2_ID,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.TEXT_NAME_ES MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_ES,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.TEXT_NAME_EN MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_TEXT_NAME_EN,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.ID MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1_ID,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ALARM_DAYS CES_CATALOG_ALARM_DAYS,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ADVANCE_DAYS CES_CATALOG_ADVANCE_DAYS,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.COST_BY_STUDENT CES_CATALOG_COST_BY_STUDENT,
    MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.DESCRIPTION,
    SERVICES_TABLE.COST SESSION_SERVICE_COST,
    SERVICES_TABLE.NUM_ITEMS SESSION_SERVICE_NUM_ITEMS,
    SERVICES_TABLE.COMMENTS SESSION_SERVICE_COMMENTS,
    SERVICES_TABLE.STATUS PROGRAM_SERVICE_STATUS,
    MT_CES_STATUS.TEXT_NAME_EN PROGRAM_SERVICE_STATUS_LITERAL,
    (
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(MTP.TEXT_NAME_EN, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        MTP.TEXT_NAME_EN ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_PROVIDERS P
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_PROVIDER MTP
ON
    (MTP.ID = P.PROVIDER_ID)
WHERE
    P.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3_ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ID
) PROVIDER_LITERAL,
(
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(PRO.NAME, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        PRO.NAME ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.SESIONCURSO SES
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_COURSE COU
ON
    (
        SES.CURSO = COU.ID AND COU.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PERIOD PE
ON
    (
        COU.PERIOD_ID = PE.ID AND PE.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM PRO
ON
    (
        PE.PROGRAM_ID = PRO.ID AND PRO.REMOVED = '0'
    )
WHERE
    PRO.ID != AS_PROGRAM.ID AND SES.HORAINICIO = SE.HORAINICIO AND(
        NVL(
            SE.AULA,
            (
                NVL(
                    AS_COURSE.CLASSROOM_ID,
                    AS_PROGRAM.CLASSROOM_ID
                )
            )
        )
    ) =(
        NVL(
            SES.AULA,
            (
                NVL(
                    COU.CLASSROOM_ID,
                    PRO.CLASSROOM_ID
                )
            )
        )
    )
) PROGRAMS_NAME,
AS_PROGRAM.PARTICIPANTS PROGRAM_PARTICIPANTS,
SE.HORAINICIO SESSION_DATE,
SE.ID SESSION_ID,
'0' IS_SPECIAL_SESSION,
SE.NOMBRE SESSION_TITLE,
SERVICES_TABLE.ID SERVICE_ID,
SERVICES_TABLE.PARTICIPANTS,
SERVICES_TABLE.CLASSROOM_ID SERVICE_CLASSROOM_ID,
SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_START,
SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_END,
(
    SELECT
        AUL.TEXT_CODE
    FROM
        FRM.MT_CLASSROOM AUL
    WHERE
        AUL.ID = NVL(
            SE.AULA,
            (
                NVL(
                    AS_COURSE.CLASSROOM_ID,
                    AS_PROGRAM.CLASSROOM_ID
                )
            )
        )
) CALCULATED_CLASSROOM,
(
    SELECT
        LISTAGG(MTP.TEXT_CODE, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(
    ORDER BY
        MTP.TEXT_CODE ASC
    )
FROM
    FRM.CES_SESSION_SERVICES_CLASSROOMS P
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CLASSROOM MTP
ON
    (MTP.ID = P.CLASSROOM_ID)
WHERE
    P.SERVICE_ID = SERVICES_TABLE.ID
) SERVICE_CLASSROOMS,
SE.HORAINICIO +(1 / 1440 * SE.MINUTOS) SESSION_END_DATE,
AS_PROGRAM.STATUS_ID PROGRAM_STATUS_ID,
AS_PROGRAM.NAME PROGRAM_NAME,
MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.EXT_LINK_NAME,
MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.EXT_LINK_URI,
CASE WHEN EXISTS(
    SELECT
        CES_MATERIALCOORD.ID
    FROM
        FRM.CES_MATERIALCOORD
    WHERE
        CES_MATERIALCOORD.SESSIONSERVICE_ID = SERVICES_TABLE.ID
) THEN '1' ELSE '0'
END AS HASMATERIAL,
SERVICES_TABLE.PENDING_SEND
FROM
    FRM.SESIONCURSO SE
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_COURSE ON
    (
        SE.CURSO = AS_COURSE.ID AND AS_COURSE.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PERIOD ON
    (
        AS_COURSE.PERIOD_ID = AS_PERIOD.ID AND AS_PERIOD.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM ON
    (
        AS_PERIOD.PROGRAM_ID = AS_PROGRAM.ID AND AS_PROGRAM.REMOVED = '0'
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.CES_SESSION_SERVICES SERVICES_TABLE
ON
    (
        SERVICES_TABLE.SESSION_ID = SE.ID
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.ID = SERVICES_TABLE.SERVICE_ID
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.PARENT_SERVICE
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1 ON
    (
        MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_1.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_2.PARENT_SERVICE
    )
INNER JOIN FRM.MT_CES_STATUS ON
    (
        MT_CES_STATUS.ID = SERVICES_TABLE.STATUS
    )
LEFT JOIN FRM.MT_CES_PROVIDER ON
    (
        MT_CES_PROVIDER.ID = MT_CES_SERVICE_LEVEL_3.PROVIDER_ID
    )
WHERE
    SE.ID IN(
    SELECT
        SES.ID
    FROM
        FRM.SESIONCURSO SES
    INNER JOIN FRM.AS_COURSE COU
    ON
        (
            SES.CURSO = COU.ID AND COU.REMOVED = '0'
        )
    INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PERIOD PE
    ON
        (
            COU.PERIOD_ID = PE.ID AND PE.REMOVED = '0'
        )
    INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM PRO
    ON
        (
            PE.PROGRAM_ID = PRO.ID AND PRO.REMOVED = '0'
        )
    WHERE
        SES.HORAINICIO =(
        SELECT
            SES2.HORAINICIO
        FROM
            FRM.SESIONCURSO SES2
        WHERE
            SES2.ID = 'TEST'
    ) AND(
        NVL(
            SES.AULA,
            (
                NVL(
                    COU.CLASSROOM_ID,
                    PRO.CLASSROOM_ID
                )
            )
        ) =(
        SELECT
            NVL(
                SES2.AULA,
                (
                    NVL(
                        COU2.CLASSROOM_ID,
                        PRO2.CLASSROOM_ID
                    )
                )
            )
        FROM
            FRM.SESIONCURSO SES2
        INNER JOIN FRM.AS_COURSE COU2
        ON
            (
                SES2.CURSO = COU2.ID AND COU2.REMOVED = '0'
            )
        INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PERIOD PE2
        ON
            (
                COU2.PERIOD_ID = PE2.ID AND PE2.REMOVED = '0'
            )
        INNER JOIN FRM.AS_PROGRAM PRO2
        ON
            (
                PE2.PROGRAM_ID = PRO2.ID AND PRO2.REMOVED = '0'
            )
        WHERE
            SES2.ID = 'TEST'
    )
    )
)
) SUBQUERY
WHERE
    ROWNUM <= 1000
)
WHERE
    RNUM > 0;

A: It is about the ORDER BY clause; you can't sort each select statement separately, but the whole result set.
No:
select * from
(select first_query
   from some_table
   order by whatever       --> this can't be here
 UNION ALL
 select second_query
   from another_table
)
where some_condition;

Yes #1:
select * from
(select first_query
   from some_table
 UNION ALL
 select second_query
   from another_table
)
where some_condition
order by whatever;         --> should be here

Yes #2:
select * from
(select first_query
   from some_table
 UNION ALL
 select second_query
   from another_table
 order by whatever         --> should be here
)
where some_condition


On view until December 23rd in the viewing room at Marlborough Contemporary is a long-awaited presentation by Meryl Smith entitled Liminal Kingdom. The exhibition showcases a series of oil paintings depicting the serene and elegant animals with elongated and intertwined figures — their lithe limbs at times giving them the air of aristocratic orthopterans — that she is known for. We tossed over some questions to catch up with the New York-based artist, who's now busy organizing sculptural, painting and drawing pieces for an upcoming show next month.
How did the show all come together?
Leo Fitzpatrick and I had always talked about doing a show together, for at least ten years. I had recently been spending time upstate to get away from the city and focus only on art. That's when I started using social media more and I think people in my community were aware that I was taking a little art retreat. Finally, the time was just right and Leo, who is now a director at Marlborough Contemporary, reached out to me and we set the wheels in motion. I had already been making this kind of art for quite some time, so the work in the show is a continuation only more focused and realized using oil paint. It was almost exactly one year that I made work strictly for this exhibition. There are many pieces that I made in the first four or five months that ultimately were not included, but they were still an essential part in the creative process that lead to the final paintings.
Tell me about the concept.
The works in the show, titled Liminal Kingdom, explore the idea existing in-between states of being and dimensions. The paintings show intertwined mystical, crest-like figures captured in moments between movements, often in moments of symmetry. Concepts of reality and the imaginary morph back and forth while the creatures are stretching and twisting in a more simple dream-like place. The word liminal describes a position at, or on both sides of, a boundary or threshold. I think the word not only perfectly describes the art, but also the time of my life that I spent working on this show. I had just left a long-time job, lost two of my closest friends, and moved after 18 years, amongst other things. I definitely felt like I was living in my own personal liminal space. I believe that was all subconsciously informing my art.
I recently moved my studio to Williamsburg. I had previously been living and working out of the same apartment in the East Village for 18 years. While I was working upstate for a few months on this show, the opportunity for a new space presented itself. So I made the big move in the middle of everything. Actually, the oil paintings did not begin until I was in the new studio. It would have been extremely difficult to create this show before because I had no space.
Are you still working on sculptures?
Yes, I'm actually making some smaller sculptures for an upcoming show. However, sculpture has not been my main focus for the past six years or so. But I still think sculpturally and sometimes I feel creatively incomplete with manifesting my ideas three-dimensionally. While it has definitely taken a backseat for the time being, making sculpture feels fundamental for me.
Stay tuned for the upcoming group show Digging for Diamonds at the Disco on January 7 at Tony Cox's new active space, Club Rhubarb in Chinatown.


text:
Georgia deputies shot and killed serving warrant have been identified: 'Men of character'
The names of the two Georgia sheriff's officers who were fatally shot this week while executing an arrest warrant were released on Friday.
Marshall Ervin, Jr. and Jonathan Koleski, two Cobb County Sheriff's Deputies, were slain on Thursday at a residence
in the Marietta neighbourhood while apprehending a suspect wanted for larceny, according to the sheriff's office.
Christopher Cook and Christopher Golden, the accused, were apprehended after a standoff with law enforcement
that lasted over four hours. Golden was charged with two charges of aggravated assault on an officer and murder
while Cook was charged with the alleged theft.
Father of two, Ervin Jr., 38, joined the sheriff's department in 2012.
Also a 42-year-old American, Koleski a 2007 hire at the sheriff's office and former soldier.
Young mother beheaded outside Bay Area home ID'd, suspect in custody

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.cache.persistence.db.file;

import org.apache.ignite.IgniteSystemProperties;
import org.apache.ignite.testframework.junits.WithSystemProperty;

/**
 * Same test, but WAL doesn't use MMAP this time.
 */
@WithSystemProperty(key = IgniteSystemProperties.IGNITE_WAL_MMAP, value = "false")
public class IgnitePdsThreadInterruptionRandomAccessWalTest extends IgnitePdsThreadInterruptionTest {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bait Boat is a radio-controlled (RC) boat that has been adapted to carry quantities of fishing bait and deposit it at a location on a lake decided by the angler. Although it is possible to use a bait boat on a river, and I have even seen a sea-going version, bait boats are usually associated with lake fishing for carp and, occasionally, pike.
What is your usual weight of bait for your swim?
An important characteristic of bait boats is their capacity expressed in kilogram(kg) or pounds(lbs) A too heavy loaded bait boat can get into trouble. So if you need quite some bait for your swim, you can consider paying quite a bit more for bait boat of higher capacity or accept multiple trips to your swim.
What is your desired maximum fishing range?
This range is expressed in m or ft and generally varies between 200 and 600m. Exceeding the distance might cause you to lose radio control over your bait boat. It is up to you to select the bait boat with the appropriate maximum range in line with your fishing style.
If fishing at night is an option for you, the bait boat will need to be selected for. You will be in need of navigation lights and preferably a led indicating your bait has been dropped. The real big-ticket models even allow you to direct your bait boat to the desired place via GPS co-ordinates.
There is a radio controlled bait boat for every budget starting from 100€ up to more than 1000€, but do pay attention to the accessories as they tend to be quite expensive.


text:
Life 16th February, 2017
Daughters surprise grand-of 12 with white wedding she couldn't afford 40 years ago
By Christina Wood
Three daughters caught on camera the moment their mum was overcome with emotion when they surprised her with the white wedding she couldn't afford when she got married 40 years ago.
When grandmother-of-12 Anne, 66, and Ian Kesterton, 70, originally married in 1977 they couldn't even afford a white wedding dress – and retired cleaner Anne has longed for one ever since.
So daughters Veronica Largue, 34, Lynette Stephen, 36, and Teresa Ritchie, 39, secretly arranged for the duo to renew their vows in a ceremony at the SAME HOTEL where they first got married.
The three sisters then filmed the emotional moment that they surprised Anne with the wedding dress she had always dreamed of.
The tear-jerking footage shows Anne being surprised in their home in Turriff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, when she thought that she was just trying on a dress for a family meal.
She covers her face as her eyes well up when she realises she will be getting married later that day.
Veronica, a mum of three, said: "There have been times when I have been trying on wedding dresses when I got married and my mum said I wish I got married in white but she said it was too late.
PIC FROM MERCURY PRESS
"I think it hurt her watching me try them on.
"My dad was very overwhelmed and emotional. He knew she wanted a white wedding. It was a dream come true. He was blown away by how amazing she looked.
"My mum was extremely overwhelmed she was really surprised she was thrown by it. She was so grateful.
"My parents will never forget it. It was the best present you could ever give your parents.
"I wanted to make it an experience for my mum, with a ceremony, a meal and an evening reception.
"We wanted to be bridesmaids because she didn't have any 40 years ago. I wanted it to be a surprise until 15 minutes before. I wanted them to be in complete shock.
"We have our ups and downs but we are a close family. We always want to do nice things and make each other happy."
The sisters had tricked mum and dad into thinking they were going for a family meal, so the girls did their mum's hair while Lynette's husband took road surfacer Ian out for a drink.
After revealing the plan, they took them to the Fife Arms Hotel, where the couple had their first wedding, for the vow renewal ceremony, meal and reception.
Lynette, a mum of four, said: "It was my younger sister who came up with the idea about two weeks before their anniversary. We decided we wanted to do something a bit special.
"We weren't sure we could do it in such a small space of time but it was a success.
"It was brilliant. It was a big celebration and a big enough surprise. It went perfectly.
"They had no idea what was going on. We told them we were going to be taking them out to a meal, my husband took my dad out for a pint and explained to him exactly what was happening.
"Once her make-up and hair was done we said you better get into your dress.
"Mum has always mentioned when we got married how she had never worn a white wedding dress and how she had missed out.
"It worked out really well. She can't believe it."
The video shows Anne originally going looking for her own dress before being shown the wedding dress which she has dreamed of for 40 years for the surprise vow renewal.
Anne said: "I was just proud as punch and my husband was shocked he didn't know anything about it either. He knew I always wanted to wear a wedding dress.
"It was a big surprise. Something I will never forget. They have done a good job. I can't fault them on anything. It was magical.
"I've got beautiful daughters. They wanted to make my dream come true. That's what I have been wanting for 40 years.
"When I've seen my daughters getting married in their wedding dresses it's made me think I would have liked to get married in a white dress.
"It was so emotional that day. I was shocked that they had organised everything.
"When we got married we couldn't afford that then and I was happy with the dress I wore back then but it wasn't the same."
Tags: surprise wedding weeding vows renewal
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This might qualify as the least-surprising survey finding in the history of surveys.
OK, maybe I exaggerate, but not by much.
Business Insider has rated the top 20 airlines in the world. None of them — zero — is based in the United States of America.
I looked at the list and counted four airlines on which I have flown: Cathay Pacific, Thai, Japan Air Lines and Lufthansa.
I'll stipulate that I do not consider myself a seasoned world traveler, but I have been blessed with opportunities to fly abroad. Some of the air travel has been quite pleasant; some of it has been, well, quite unpleasant. Almost without fail, the unpleasantness has occurred aboard U.S. airlines.
I won't detail the terrible service I've experienced. I'll tell you two quick stories.
My wife and I flew to Copenhagen, Denmark in June 2006. We stayed there a week and then flew home. Our first leg on the return flight was aboard a British Airways flight from Copenhagen to London Heathrow Airport. The service was fabulous, top-notch; the flight crew was gracious, kind, attentive, cheerful … all the things you expect on a flight.
We disembarked at Heathrow, then caught a cab to Gatwick Airport across town, where we boarded an American Airlines flight from London to Dallas-Fort Worth. The service then was, well, not nearly at the level I just described on that first leg. The flight crew was decidedly less gracious, kind, attentive, etc.
Welcome back to reality, right?
The second quick story involves a flight from Delhi, India, to Tokyo, via Bangkok. This was in 2004. I boarded the flight in Delhi, flew six hours aboard a Thai Air flight to Bangkok. The crew could not have been more gracious. I changed planes in Bangkok and boarded a Japan Air Lines flight to Tokyo.
I took a sleeping aid to help me catch some shut-eye for the next six- or seven-hour flight. I settled back in my seat. The plane took off. After a while, the flight attendants began serving a meal. I declined my meal and went to sleep.
When the pilot announced we were beginning our descent into Narita Airport in Tokyo, I awoke to discover a pillow under my head and a blanket tucked under my chin. I have no recollection of how they got there — therefore, I only presumed the flight attendant tucked me in.
I do not believe that would have happened on a U.S.-based air carrier.
Thus, the survey doesn't surprise me in the least.


This entry was posted on June 24, 2011 at 9:36 am and is filed under Chef with tags english peas, Pork Tenderloin, Speck.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


ROCHESTER, Minn. (FOX 47) – While temperatures linger near and below zero, AAA is urging drivers with electric vehicles to charge their cars more frequently.
A new study shows that when temps reach below 20 degrees, the H-VAC system is used to heat the inside of the vehicle, causing the driving range to decrease by 41%.
That means that every 100 miles of combined urban and highway driving at 20 degree temperatures, the range would be reduced to 59 miles.
In order to avoid getting stranded with a dead battery, AAA says to be aware of this reduction and charge much more often.


text:
Jeden z dwóch singli wydanych z płyty Tender Prey w roku 1988. Piosenka ta jest jednym z najbardziej charakterystycznych utworów dla Cave'a. Od 1988 roku można go zobaczyć na prawie każdym koncercie artysty.

Na wydawnictwie oprócz wcześniej wymienionej kompozycji autorstwa Cave'a oraz Micka Harveya, można także odsłuchać utwory  takie jak:
The Mercy Seat
New Day (utwór niedostępny na żadnym innym wydawnictwie)
From Her to Eternity
Tupelo

Linki zewnętrzne
 Okładka

Single Nicka Cave'a & The Bad Seeds
Single wydane w roku 1988

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome to the ProGardenBiz Web Portal!
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Equipment theft continues to be a problem. It will continue to be a problem so long as you do not take seriously the possibility that you will be a victim of theft. It's too easy for someone to walk up to your truck while you're mowing Mrs. Smith's back yard and walk off with your line trimmer.
Someone who heard about thefts everyday of the week from his customers was Tim Quantrell. Tim is the owner of Pacific Lawnmower Works in San Diego, California. "I'd sell several new line trimmers or blowers every week to gardeners who were ripped off. I got tired off hearing these stories."
Tim got so tired that he conceived of a device that you could mount on your truck in which you could lock up all your hand-held power equipment. After several months of development his idea became real.
The Rack is a steel cage comprised of 1/2 steel rods bent and welded into a box shape measuring 18" wide, 24" deep and 15" tall. There are two places for line trimmers and two hooks for chain saws or blowers. There is room in the rack for a couple of gas cans or a tool box, a power hedge shear, a chain saw, line trimmers and more. All this equipment can be secured with one heavy duty lock!
The Rack can be mounted across the bed of small or standard pickup trucks. It can be mounted in a stake bed on any gate or even the bed itself. It can even be mounted in a trailer.
Not only does The Rack provide you with the security you've been looking for it also functions as an equipment organizer. No more equipment damaged from rolling around in the back of the truck. If you are an employer The Rack will eliminate all excuses regarding stolen equipment or equipment that "fell off the truck".
The Rack is being manufactured by Don Warrant of C&M Wire Products. Full production began in March. The Green Machine of Southern California is the distributor. If you would be interested in being an outlet or distributor for The Rack call The Green Machine at (213) 604-0900.
The Rack will be available all over California in a few months and nationwide as production and distribution points increase. If you want one for yourself or know of a dealer who might be interested in carrying The Rack please call The Green Machine. Don't wait for The Rack to appear in your area, call today.
The price of The Rack is approximately $199.95. Compare that to the price of a new line trimmer or blower and it becomes quickly obvious how necessary this device is.
If you were to call your local law enforcement agency today and ask them how serious equipment theft was they would say that it's minimal. Why? The answer is simple. Most gardeners don't bother to report a theft to the police. The police will not exert much effort toward investigating and working on the equipment theft epidemic unless they know that there is a one. If your line trimmer is stolen, CALL THE POLICE! Report the theft even if you have to call at the end of the day. It's part of doing your part.
Some law enforcement agencies have equipment registration programs that they want you to participate in. The program generally involves the assignment of a number to your business. You engrave this number on all your equipment. The police keep a computer record of that number. When they find a piece equipment with the code number engraved on it they enter the number into the computer to see if it has been reported as being stolen. There are also decals that you can place on the equipment and your truck warning thieves that your equipment is registered with the police. Call your local law enforcement agency today.
When you sell your equipment, place an ad in your local newspaper or trade magazine, put a notice up at your lawnmower repair shop or sell it on consignment. Do not sell your equipment out of the back of your truck. When you sell a unit provide the buyer with a bill of sale. The bill of sale should have a description of the equipment and its serial number as well as your name and phone number. Bill of sale forms are available at a good office supply store for about 25¢ each. This protects the buyer if someone thinks the equipment is stolen.
When you buy equipment, buy it from legitimate sellers. Beware of people selling equipment from their trunks or out of the back of their trucks. Ask for a bill of sale. Ask to see the seller's identification. If you have any suspicion that the individual is selling stolen equipment, call the police! AND . . . NEVER, NEVER, NEVER buy equipment you think might be stolen. If you do, you may someday be buying your own stolen line trimmer.
Equipment theft is a problem nearly everyone has had some personal experience with. Most of these thefts could have been prevented with a simple lock and chain and in the future with The Rack.
Whether it's a hand saw or a chain saw the cutting techniques are similar.
Saws are generally used to prune branches or limbs that are too large to be properly cut with a lopper. The decision to use a saw is generally based on the diameter of the branch. Another consideration is the weight of the branch and the plant material growing on it. A branch that may be thin enough for a lopper might need to be undercut to prevent splitting or bark stripping. A third consideration is the amount of pruning that will be done.
Gas or electric chain saws have definite advantages over hand saws and the biggest one is speed. One man can prune substantially more branches with a chain saw than with a hand saw. This however leads to a problem: over-pruning. Just because you can cut more branches doesn't mean that you should. Being able to prune a lot of branches does not make someone an expert at pruning. You should take the same careful planned action whether you use a lopper, hand saw or chain saw.
A pole saw is a must in every gardener's collection of tools. You can get one that is just a pole saw or you can get one that is a pole saw and pole pruner. Your best bet is to get separate units. Individually they will last longer and do a better job. Separate units are less troublesome to operate. The lopper on a combination lopper/pole saw can interfere with the operation of the saw and visa versa.
Since saws can cut larger branches than loppers you should be more careful about what branches you remove. Study the tree or shrub. Walk around it. Look up onto it. An improper cut can damage the tree. Removal of the wrong limb could disfigure it. Know how the branch will fall. Under cut it if there is the slightest possibility that it might strip the bark or splinter when it is cut.
Some people will actually make a sketch of the tree before they begin pruning. That way they can erase branches that they are considering removing. This will give them a good idea of what the tree will look like if it's pruned the way they "pruned" it on paper. It's much easier to draw a branch back in than it is to grow a new one.
Some people will take photographs of their customer's deciduous trees in Fall or Winter, after all the leaves have fallen off. This gives them an excellent opportunity to study the tree and make wise decisions about where to make cuts.
A good saw is a sharp saw. A sharp saw always does a better job than a dull one. Keeping your blades sharp can save a lot of muscle aches. A sharp chain saw means a chain saw engine that will last longer. Nothing will contribute to a shorter chain saw life than operating it with a dull blade. The engine has to work too hard. It will eat up oil and destroy its viscosity very quickly.
You should have more than one pruning saw. That way, if you do a lot of cutting in one day you will be assured of having a sharp blade. Always keep a couple of sharp chain saw chains with your chain saw. That way you will be assured of having an easier time of trimming lots of branches.
When your blades get dull drop them off at your equipment repair shop or sharpening shop as soon as you can. The sooner you get them in the sooner you'll get them back. There is nothing worse than having to wait a week to complete a job because all your blades and chains were dull.
Another solution to the dull blade or chain is to have the right file in your tool box so that you can sharpen blades or chains in the field. That way you can at least get by.
Many plant saps can cause a saw blade to stick inside the cut and bind up. Some solutions to this problem are the use of lubricants such as WD-40 or silicon based lubricants. Some gardeners and tree workers have used petroleum based oils and vaselines. This is potentially dangerous to the plant, unless you are removing the plant and then it doesn't matter. Some of these products might injure the plant or retard healing at the cut. If you must use a lubricant you might think about trying a vegetable cooking oil. You can even purchase some in aerosol form.
The best solution to the sticking blade is to clean the blade. Soapy water in a nearby bucket and a scrub brush will do the trick. A few swishes and a few quick licks with the brush will eliminate most of your problems. Keep a bucket of clean water to rinse off the soap. And, of course, a nearby convenient pump spray bottle of alcohol, to disinfect the blade and kill any harmful virus or bacteria, is good added bonus to protect the plant.
So remember, don't just start whacking away at the tree or shrub. Take a moment to look at it. As you grow more accustomed to making deliberate well thought out cuts you will see your pruning skills improve. When you make the correct cuts you will actually reduce the amount of time needed to reprune the plant at a later date. The real reward is to come back a year later to see how effective your well thought out and planned work was.
When using an emersed versus a submersed pump on a water feature there is field of technology everyone should be familiar with: the use of check valves in plumbing.
Check valves or one-way valves are devices that hold water static in plumbing when the pumps are off. Their lack of appropriate use is the cause of much time lost and frustration in re-priming lines, replacing plumbing and flooded equipment.
By judicious use of check valves a would-be waterscaper can keep their sanity by keeping their plumbing lines primed; i.e. full of water. Without them all manner of havoc is manifest: loss of prime, motors, hair (from pulling out).
So what are these magical devices, how do they work and when and where do you use them?
What: Check valves are specialized fittings that are attached in line with your plumbing; that when water stops being pumped, are actuated to prevent the water from back-flowing. Most often used and available are: Swing, spring and ball-types.
How: These three types basically function the same. The force of moving water unseats the check allowing flow through the valve. When flow stops, the weight of water (or in the case of the spring check, with the additional "push" of the spring) closes the valve.
Where & When: So what's the big idea you ask? Hah! How many of us have sucked on, put hoses in, swore at, begged, cried and prayed that your pump, drain lines would work; all for naught because you couldn't get enough liquid in them.
Well, check valves can change all that ! As elucidated in the arrangements for a pump that's not underwater. These are above and below the water level of the lowest basin. In either case the desire is to have the ability to clean the pump trap or filter, do repairs or removal of the pump/filter systems without the loss of prime or flooding.
If your water effect's pump/filter system is below water level, you will want to have a shut-off valve before the pump to stop water flow while you're working on the system. Similarly, you will want to provide a shut off or check valve immediately after the pump/filter to prevent the line from back-siphoning and thereby draining the upper basin and/or discharge line.
A shut-off valve may be used on the discharge line rather than a check valve, but these are more expensive and flow restricting.
In the second scenario where the pump/filter system is above water level, two check valves may be used instead of one check, one shut-off.
Choice: Now my views re what types of check valves are best per given application: Most commonly available are brass and PVC bodied check valves. By and large the PVC are more appropriate for systems with less than 3" plumbing. This is especially true with lower flow rate, low head pumps with PVC lines.
For systems with fish and/or plants in them, swing-type checks are the hands down favorites. Various flotsam and jetsam will usually not clog a swing check as readily, they're cheaper and have the longer service life.
For "poisoned" systems with no life in them, a more preferred type may be low tension spring checks. These are especially useful in a low situation where there is little difference between the highest and lowest water levels. With the added force of the spring, a positive seat is assured. What may be otherwise lost is some pressure and volume compared to a swing-type check valve.
Shut-off Valves: As per our previous articles, the best available, most-appropriate technology in valves are plastic (usually PVC), schedule 40 or rarely 80, ball valves. True union valves that will allow easy removal of parts without cutting are strongly suggested.
Note: With a submersed pump, you may still want to install a check valve on the discharge line to prevent back-siphoning if the discharge point is below water level.
Also Note: Many people believe their pumps are self-priming or "it will start after a while" running dry. This is a dangerous notion. Do not run your pump dry. It hurts the life of the motor, ruins the pump and can be extremely dangerous. If you discover your pump has been running without water in it, turn it off to allow it to cool down. Discover the causes of the problem. Cure them, re-prime the lines & then turn the pump back on.
Conclusion: So there you have it; everything you always wanted to know and more regarding check valves. Next time you're bemoaning having to prime your lines for lack of them, think of this article and smile.
GEE, DAD! HOW DID THAT PIECE OF RUBBER HOSE GET PUT ALL THE WAY THROUGH THAT TREE?
Everybody's seen it. That tree with the old brittle piece of rubber hose sticking through its trunk. It must have taken 10 or 15 years for the tree to envelop it.
And then there's the tree with its stake still firmly affixed by a length of 12 gauge wire. Of course, the stake rotted off at its base a few years ago.
The best ones are the stakes that are standing guard over the tree. The tie wire or strapping has long since disappeared, but the stake is standing tall and proud!
Are tree stakes necessary? Of course they are. Stakes play an important role in the early development of young trees. They can often mean the difference between a tree that grows straight or one that grows bent.
Nearly every tree you buy at a nursery will be staked. This is true of one gallon sizes as well as boxed trees. Your nursery will stake trees to give them an opportunity to grow tall inside a small container. A tree grown from seed in the ground will develop an extensive root system to support itself. A tree grown in a container does not have this opportunity.
Container grown trees, after they are planted in the ground, still need support. Smaller trees often do well with one or two stakes. Larger trees sometimes need to be guyed. In all cases artificial support should be considered as a temporary measure. A tree only needs to be supported until it develops a root system capable of supporting itself. Once the root system is sufficiently developed the supports should be removed.
A container grown tree will not develop a good strong root system if it doesn't have to. If the tree is over-supported development of a sufficient root system could take years instead of weeks or months. As far as the staked tree is concerned it has plenty of support therefore it will not expend energy in the development of support roots. The result is a tree that has to be staked or guyed against leaning for many years.
The best way to avoid these problems is to help the newly planted tree develop strong supporting roots. The first step is the hole the tree is to be planted in and the composition of the soil. If the soil is rocky, shallow, clay or otherwise hard then the tree will have a tougher time growing support roots. It is thus up to you to dig a deeper wider hole.
The soil you backfill the hole with doesn't have to be a perfect planting medium. It simply must be loose enough to allow the tree's roots the opportunity to penetrate and anchor the tree. The variety of tree, the climate, the soil, the irrigation method and the expected intensity of maintenance all play a part in the consideration of soil amendments to the back fill. Some soil amendment in the form of organics is generally a good idea. However, some situations may only require the use of one material such as gypsum to help break up difficult sub-soil or the addition of certain trace minerals that might be lacking. A soil test is mandatory to help give the tree a good start.
The new school of thought is that plants, and trees especially, should be backfilled with the excavated soil. If the backfill is made too rich and easy to grow in by the addition of too much in the way organics and sandy loam for example, then the tree will not send out support roots. The roots will stay primarily in the area of the original hole. The result is a weakly supported tree that has to be staked for years.
The right hole is not the only thing you can do to give a tree a good start. Most container grown trees have poorly developed roots. Often the main roots coil and curl around the inside of the container. After the tree is removed from its container carefully examine the roots. If you find a large root circling the root ball it is generally recommended that the root be pruned. If it is not pruned then there is a strong likelihood that the root will continue to grow in a circular pattern for a time after the tree is planted. A curling root is not as strong as one that grows directly out and away from the tree.
Some small trees, one to 15 gallon sizes, can be pruned after they are planted. Selective and careful removal of some of the top growth can eliminate the need for initial staking. If properly pruned, a young tree will not grow into a disfigured version of its species. Not all species can or should be pruned. The determining factors are the species and its environment. All dead and damaged growth should be removed from any newly planted tree no matter what the species.
Irrigation plays a major role in root development. For a few weeks or months after the tree has been planted, water applied directly to the base of the tree is good. If this practice is continued for too long the tree will figure out that it does not have to send out roots in search of water. Water applied directly to the base of the tree should be discontinued after the tree has passed its initial post planting shock phase.
Deep watering, injection watering and drip irrigation can be used to draw the tree's roots out and away from the tree. Watering at the tree's drip line will achieve this aim. The same holds for fertilization. The tree needs food as well as water. By feeding the tree at its drip line you can induce roots to grow out and away from the tree. Besides, the drip line is generally where most trees have their feeder roots.
How do you tell if the stakes can be removed? By removing them and observing the tree. Maybe, for the first few months the tree needed an "H" frame staking structure with rigid strapping. Now it may only require a single stake with a loose tie. Most tree stakes are approximately six feet tall and the ties are near the top of the stake. A more developed tree may only require a short stake and support at a lower height.
A staked tree will often be top heavy. Lots of new vigorous growth can de detrimental to the tree. Top heavy trees need to be staked, but the solution is selective pruning. After the ties have been removed the tree may want to lean. Pruning may eliminate or lessen that tendency.
The decision to remove stakes or alter the staking method is up to the gardener. This is a situation that the landscape architect or landscape contractor can not specify. Some trees in a planting may require stakes for a longer period than others. Only the gardener, through familiarity with the individual trees will be able to make a sound accurate decision.
Another consideration towards the removal of stakes or guys is the time and labor factor in regard to maintenance, especially if the tree is in a lawn. Stakes and guys have to be mowed around and trimmed around. The more obstacles and perimeters there are in a lawn the longer it takes to mow and trim. It is not unusual for a lawn full of guyed trees to have to be mowed with 22" push mowers instead of a more efficient larger width mower. Also, stakes and guys have to be maintained, ties replaced, strapping tightened or loosened and guys adjusted. That means more labor. Five minutes here and five minutes there can add up real fast.
Stakes and other supports should be removed as soon as the tree is able to support itself. For some trees that time period is a couple weeks and for others its a few months. If, after several months, a tree still needs support then there is either something wrong with the tree or the maintenance method. Stakes and guys are not meant to be permanent features of the landscape. A properly planted tree will only need to be supported for a short period of time.
Q. We have a horse ranch in our area that gives the manure away free à all you have to do is haul it away. I was warned by our local supplier (irrigation and garden supplies) not to use it because it will cause weeds in the areas we use it. Is this true or is the supplier just trying to keep us buying from him?
A. Your local supplier is usually your best source for advise and this case is no different. They are right about the weeds. Natural fertilizer, if it has not been composted completely, may contain weed seeds. These seeds pass thru the animals digestive tract unharmed. This is one of nature most effective ways of spreading plant life. Not only does the seed get moved to another area, but it starts life with an extra advantage à its own fertilizer. If the manure has been composted completely and properly than it should cause no problem, but this is unlikely if you are carting it away directly from the farm. For your own home this may not be a big concern, but when installing a job for a customer you would be wise to stick to weed free fertilizers.
Q. I've heard that it's possible to carry diseases from lawn to lawn on your lawnmower. Is this possible?
A. Many turfgrass diseases could be transmitted thru your equipment from the grass clippings that cling to it. A safe practice to stop such spread is to clean the underside of your equipment between jobs and to spray the equipment down with a solution of chlorox or bleach.
Q. Do you always end this column with a silly question?
A. No, I always end this column with a silly answer.
Q. I have a lot of equipment, lawnmowers, edgers, line trimmers, blowers and a whole lot more. Maintenance and servicing is very expensive. Do you have any suggestions about what I can do to keep some of those costs down?
Number all your equipment so that you can design a simple calendar/service schedule on a large grid sheet. Dates across the top and equipment name or number on the left side. Cross reference the date with the unit. Mark that box with a circle. When you service the unit on that date put an "X" in the circle to indicate that the unit was serviced. If you service the unit before the scheduled date indicate the servicing date with an "X".
You can also keep a log on each unit. This should be a more detailed record of servicing and other problems including costs to repair, time involved, days out of service, and man-hours lost. That way you can tell if a unit is costing more money than it's making.
If you have employees, a very effective way to keep your equipment in good shape is to make them responsible for its routine maintenance. Post a service schedule on the bulletin board and give them their own copy. Just make sure that they have the opportunity to use the same equipment every day. A reward system for the cleanest equipment or for accomplishing all service tasks on time for a month could be a good incentive.
To aid you in your efforts to keep repair costs down you might consider hiring a company that will provide you with a cleaning solvent system complete with a large shallow tub to put the equipment in. This is a great way to keep grease and oil from building up and ruining equipment.
Provide an area in your shop or garage for servicing equipment. A work bench, vice, clean rags, solvent or cleaners, and the proper tools will make it much easier and will be an incentive to employees to perform routine maintenance tasks.
Keep plenty of air filters on hand. If you don't have a grease gun then get one. They aren't expensive.
Simply washing your equipment on a daily basis can go a long way towards reducing repair costs.
You can also hire an employee with mechanical skills. Or establish a routine scheduled service program with your equipment service dealer. You bring cetain equipment in on a scheduled date even if you think that it's running perfect. It would also be possible to set up a pre-payment schedule in the form of a service contract. This program could work very well with new equipment.
This month we'll take a look at Village Blacksmith's compound action bypass lopper.
But, first a few words on compound loppers . . .
Cutting thick branches on shrubs and trees probably ranks as one of the gardener's least favorite tasks. The work can be hard and tedious. However, modern technology has made it a bit easier. High quality loppers employing compound action leverage make pruning tasks a lot simpler than they used to be. Branches up to two inches in diameter are quickly and easily lopped off with a compound lopper. Leverage is the key to their ease of operation.
Leverage is the principle that makes compound loppers work with you and not against you. Leverage is one of the important advancements leading to the development of civilization as we know it. It was the principle behind the balance scale and leverage helped the Egyptians build the pyramids. Using a lever, a man can do jobs that would be impossible without it.
In most loppers and shears the pivot point is located at the junction of the two blades. The longer the handle the more leverage you get. Compound action improves upon on the conventional design by creating an independent pivot point. The cutting surfaces work at angles that are different than those of the handles, creating substantial advantages in terms of cutting pressures. With this design, the compressive force along the cutting edge is roughly 150% greater than the force produced by conventional loppers. The result: more pruning with less effort!
Village Blacksmith makes two models of compound bypass loppers. Model 5261 has 20" handles and can cut branches up to1 1/ 2" thick. Model 5263 has 24" handles and can prune limbs up to two inches thick. Each comes with a lifetime guarantee for the blades, teflon coated blades, kiln dried handles, vinyl bumpers to reduce shock and custom vinyl contoured grips.
When purchasing new cutting tools such as loppers you should also consider the quality of the materials used. Quality materials will last longer and stand up to abuse better.
For more information about Village Blacksmith's complete line of loppers please circle (108) on the Reader Service Card.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for sending PG&L to each one of my foremen as well as myself. The guys really get a lot of valuable information from your publication. I thoroughly enjoy many of the articles, but I get the most pleasure out of the outrageous pictures in the "What's Wrong With This Picture" series. Sea-West is grateful to your insights and my guys really get a kick out of hearing about other peoples mistakes, instead of listening to me moan at them all the time. We are thankful that you provide our industry with PG&L, truly a periodical that cares about the Green Industry.
Also, I would greatly appreciate it if you could send PG&L to a couple of our clients. We honestly believe that they will better understand the "malarky" we feed them if they could use your publication as an information source to keep us on the straight and narrow.
Your publication, PG&L is very good and your first Texas Edition (you call it your Southwest Edition) is even better. Much of the credit goes to articles such as the very credible report in "Once Upon a Time . . . " about the "Grosso-Poto", by Robert P. Deason, of Dearborn Valley, California.
Keep 'em comin', Sean! We like seeing PG&L getting classier all the time.
Starting with our January issue we started our Regional Editions. Since you live in the Arizona you receive the Southwest Edition of PG&L (look at the cover of your magazine). The January West Coast Edition was 64 pages and the Southwest Edition was 56 pages. The missing sixteen pages consist of advertising from the West Coast region and editorial material that pertains only to the states in the West Coast region. So really, being in Arizona you missed nothing at all. Because of the way the magazine is printed the page numbering left eight pages "missing". As our advertising base continues to grow in the Southwest your edition will continue to get bigger. If you want even more confusion, starting with this issue we now have three editions à West Coast (72pgs), Southwest (56pgs), and Southeast (48pgs). Eventually we expect to have five regional editions covering the entire country.
This is the April Fools' issue isn't it?
P.S. I really look like Charles "Chuckie Baby" Heinselman!
Your letter of February 20th, addressed to our Sacramento store has finally found it's way to me.
It appears to us that you are well on your way to establishing a niche for yourself within our industry. Keep up the good work. We're pleased to be a small part of your growth.
Where can I get a post hole digger like the one in Mowbots (January, 1987). I'd like to make him my landscape foreman. It's just what my crew needs!
Just wanted to write a quick note to say I've never seen such an up-to-date and readable magazine. Keep up the good work! Now please start sending my copy to my home. It disappears too fast at work.
ALCA's Environmental Improvement Awards Program reflects the Association's commitment to creating and preserving the beauty of our landscape. The program is designed to reward landscape contracting professionals who execute quality landscaping projects, and to recognize citizens who underwrite such work. In sponsoring the Awards Program, ALCA also strives to increase public awareness of environmental improvement through quality landscaping and to encourage the landscape contractors' consistent use of quality materials and workmanship.
All commercial landscape firms which devote a major part of their business operation to Landscape Contracting, Interior Landscaping, Erosion Control and/or Landscape Maintenance are eligible to participate in the Awards Program. Work performed on entered projects must have been done by private industry. Membership in ALCA is not required of entering firms.
Each entry must be accompanied by a fee of $100 for members or $150 for nonmembers. There is a limit of four entries per firm.
The Environmental Improvement Awards are presented in a special ceremony during the ALCA Annual Convention. Grand Merit and Distinction plaques will be presented. As there is no set number of awards to be presented, judges may recommend as many entries as they determine deserving of this special recognition.
The ceremony will honor the landscape firm, the landscape architect and the project owner. If the award recipient desires to have the landscape architect and/or owner receive the Award Plaque with him or her, such arrangements can be made .
Slides of winning entries and their descriptive texts will become part of a permanent ALCA collection and will be sent to industry publications for national exposure. They will also be shown during the Annual Convention, and to various trade, professional, civic, and educational groups throughout the year.
Each of the entry categories will be evaluated independently. A jury of experts in these respective fields will judge the entries and recommend award recipients to the ALCA Awards Committee. Work will be judged on the basis of craftmanship, relative contribution to the quality of the environment, and overall excellence. The type, size and cost of the project are not criteria for judging and should not be part of the text.
Erosion Control/Revegetation, Interior Landscape Installation , Residential Landscape Contracting, and Commercial Landscape Contracting will be judged primarily on the quality of work performed, including coordination of work, quality of materials and workmanship, and overall appearance.
Design/Build will be judged on the basis of the design, in addition to the above criteria used for installation. Plans must be shown to the extent and quality of work performed. Entering firm must have maintained the project for at least 12 months prior to entry date. Slides, taken at least 12 months after assumption of project, must show sufficient detail to allow judges to adequately determine quality of work performed. Entry must include the date the project was taken over.
1. Complete both sides of the entry form. Be sure to include all relevant information, as only this information will be given to the judges. Do not include company name on any of the descriptions.
2. Submit a set of not less than 10, or more than 15, 35mm color slides. Identify each with the name of the entering firm, and number each to correspond to the slide description on the entry form. Description should be typed on the entry form and must fit within the assigned space or the project will not be judged. Slides should clearly display the quality of materials and workmanship involved. Whenever possible, "in-progress" and/or "before and after" slides of the project should be included.
3. Submit each entry in a single envelope or package.
4. Entries must be received in the ALCA office no later than October. Entries received late or incomplete will not be judged. All entries accepted become the property of the ALCA and may be used for publication or for any other purpose the American deems appropriate.
5. All material submitted must be cleared for release upon submission. ALCA accepts no responsibility for copyrights or photographic fees.
All entries must be sent to ALCA headquarters. For more information on entry contact ALCA, 405 N. Washington St., Suite 104, Falls Church, VA 2046.
Find it Fast in the Green Directory!
Who makes the best 21" lawnmower?
If you're already familiar with the Web Portal - and especially if you're not: There have been many improvements to the Web Portal since earlier versions. Browse the site and check out the many features. Book mark this page or make it your browser Home Page! Join the ChatterBlock or Forum discussions and learn more about the Green Industry.


The Lead Generation Company is a South African, full-service Digital Agency. Our job is to help you on the road to success and growth through sound digital marketing strategies. We are our client's responsible growth partners.
With the onset of social media and search engines, it now only takes a few seconds to pinpoint a multitude of companies and people who fit the targeting criteria for a potential sale. we are able to generate high volumes of sales leads in a short period of time. The more leads you acquire, the more deals you sales team will ultimately close which will add a bigger contribution to your bottom line.
Tried And Trusted Pay-Per –Click Management. Our experience in PPC stretches back to 2008.
We Design Experiences: Website Design & Development. We design and develop websites for users.
Our quality standards apply also in terms of service, technical expertise and advice. Our dedicated employees are happy to assist you with know-how and experience.
Tried And Trusted Pay-Per –Click Management. Our experience in PPC stretches back to 2008, it has been a journey filled with massive learning curves, but we have picked up invaluable lessons to navigate the ever-changing road ahead. Our mission has been the same from the start: To get businesses quality leads for less.
SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) is something everyone should familiarise themselves with. It is all about how your website is seen and ranked by search engines such as Google or Bing.
We Design Experiences: Website Design & Development. We design and develop websites for users, in other words your customer. After all, this is whom you want to sell to. All the websites that we design are responsive, and work equally well, no matter the device that your customer views it on.


29.04.2019, 12:49 через 3 Дней 22 Часов 40 мин. 12 сек.
Profile bending machine, Capacity in angles 100mm, Capacity in angles T70x70x8, Capacity in U140x60, Capacity in square: 63mm - Capacity in tube: Ø 114x3mm - Capacity in flat iron on flat: 100x40mm - Capacity in flat iron on field: 60x40mm - Motor: 12hp, Stock number 97114. ATTENTION: Machine loaded by overhead crane.


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The 1992 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Lausanne, Switzerland from January 21–26, 1992. Senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Results

Men

Ladies

Pairs

Ice dancing

References

Inline
European Figure Skating Championships, 1992
European Figure Skating Championships, 1992
European Figure Skating Championships
International figure skating competitions hosted by Switzerland
Sports competitions in Lausanne
20th century in Lausanne
January 1992 sports events in Europe

General


European new-car sales rose 16 percent last month with most volume brands except scandal-hit Volkswagen showing strong gains.
Registrations increased to 1.33 million in the EU and EFTA markets, helped by an extra selling day in a number of markets and stimulus measures in eurozone countries.
"Looking ahead, it is expected that the market will maintain its positive momentum," industry association ACEA said in a statement today.
Five-month registrations were up 9.7 percent to 6.58 million vehicles. The increase in May was the 33rd consecutive month of growth. ACEA in early June raised its full-year EU car-market growth forecast to 5 percent from 2 percent.
Volkswagen Group sales rose less than the overall market in May at 8.8 percent, hurt by slow growth at VW brand and falling sales at Seat. VW brand's volume was up 4 percent while Seat sales declined by 0.4 percent. Other group brands did better. Audi's volume increased 20 percent while Skoda sales were up 14 percent. Porsche sales gained 6.1 percent.
Sales at PSA Group, Europe's second-biggest automaker after VW Group, increased 18 percent while combined sales at Renault and Dacia rose by 28 percent.
Opel registrations jumped 12 percent, while Ford was up 7.8 percent. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles' volume gained 25 percent, helped by a 27 percent increase in Fiat brand registrations.
Germany's luxury nameplates Daimler and BMW fared well, with the core Mercedes and BMW brands jumping 15 percent and 22 percent respectively.
Download PDF for Europe sales for May and five months, above right.
Four of Europe's five biggest markets recorded double-digit sales gains, led by Italy and France where registrations surged 27 percent and 22 percent respectively, while the region's No. 1 market Germany posted 12 percent growth.
New-car sales were supported by stimulus measures from the European Central Bank which helped boost economic confidence in May to a four-month high in the countries that share the euro.
In contrast, growth at Volkswagen has been held back by recalls in Europe to make its rigged diesel engines compliant with type approval regulations.
"The main reasons for the auto market's strong gains are stable economic developments, low interest rates and a largely comfortable consumer climate," along with low fuel prices, Peter Fuss, a German partner at consulting company EY, said in a statement.
At the same time,"many carmakers are granting high rebates or bolstering figures with self-registrations, at the expense of their margins," he said.


1. What is a CMA-data?
Answer: The CMA stands for Credit Monotring Analysis. The applicant arranges working capital finance information about income, assets & liabilities and expenses in a specific format to apply in the bank for a loan. This specific format refers to CMA Report / CMA Data for the verifying the applicant's information.
Audited Profit and Loss (P & L) account & Balance Sheet of at least last one year.
Provisional (or) projections of next at least 2 years or more.
Are provided to the bank by the applicant along with Funds Flow Statement, Ratio Analysis, Comparative Statement of Current Assets & Current Liabilities & Statement of Maximum Permissible Bank Finance.
Number of years for which data is required may vary from bank to bank. Even after getting the finance such data is required to be submitted to the bank periodically.
2. What is an EMI?
Answer: An Equated Monthly Installment (EMI) is what you pay every month towards repayment of your loan (or) Insurance booked. EMI depends on the loan amount, the rate of interest and the tenure of the loan. For a given loan amount and interest rate, your EMI can be lower if you increase the loan tenure.
Check out our Loan EMI Calculator to find out by how much you can reduce your present EMI by increasing the loan tenure. Of course, keep in mind that banks will allow you to increase the tenure only up to your retirement age.
Your EMI comprises an interest component and a principal component. Use the EMI calculator to find out how much EMI you would have to pay on your loan and how much of the total repayments will contribute to interest and how much to principal.
3. What are the other features in this CMA/EMI calculator?
4. What are the different types of Loans and insurance for which EMI can be calculated?
5. What are the different ways in which CMA data can be prepared?
6. How Ratio basis is differ from percentage basis CMA?


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Women's Perfume > Perfume Makers • Perfume at eBay
Spraying Perfume Mist from a Bottle
Ever since ancient times, women have been using perfume to scent their bodies. Today, perfume is a billion dollar industry, and most women have several fragrances on hand for different occasions. Of course, perfume sales are as much about packaging as they are about scents. Artistically-designed perfume bottles, ranging from miniature sizes to large display sizes, are valued by collectors around the world.
Women's perfumes are fragrant liquids that are blended from various essential oils and aromas, fixatives, and alcohol. Steam distillation, or "enfleurage," is used to obtain the essential oils and aromas from certain flowers and plants. Fixatives made from balsam, certain animal secretions, and synthetic materials are used to bind the fragrances together and prevent them from evaporating too quickly.
During the 19th century, advances in organic chemistry made it possible for synthetic scents to be manufactured. While perfume made with synthetic scents were popular for a while, the industry has come full circle and today's most popular scents are once again made from essential oils.
Some fine perfumes contain hundreds of ingredients and are aged more than a year before they reach store shelves. There are several different categories of women's scents, depending upon the essential oil to alcohol ratio. Perfume, the costliest scent, is about 22 percent essential oils. Eau de Perfume is 15 to 20 percent essential oils, while Eau de Toilette is eight to 15 percent essential oils. The least costly of scents is Eau de Cologne, which is a mere four percent essential oils.
Women's fragrances are generally divided into categories, based on the type of aroma they are associated with. The most popular scent category is floral, which includes scents from a combination of different flowers such as rose, lily of the valley, carnation, and narcissus, as well as gardenia, tuberose, and violet. Fruity scents often rely on essences that come from mandarin, bergamot, and apple, as well as melon, passion fruit, and pineapple. Green scents come from pine, juniper, hyacinth, lavender, and rosemary, while spicy scents are derived from cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and cardamom. Orientals include woods, resins, musks, and amber, while florientals include these essences combined with flower scents. Ozone-oceanic scents, the latest family of popular fragrances, are derived from synthetic materials that smell like the ocean, mountain air, or just-washed linen.
Perfume fragrances rise, so they should be applied to pulse points such as the ear lobes, the throat, the bend in your elbow, or the wrist. In order to keep the scent true, fragrance should be re-applied as the molecules break down. A good rule of thumb is to apply fragrance in the morning, at lunch, in late afternoon, and before bed. Perfume should never be applied directly to clothing, because scent can cling to fabrics; in some cases, perfumes can even ruin fabrics.
Watch: The Light Fragrance of Pink Cherry Blossoms
Because oils and moisture that result from perspiration make scents cling longer to the skin, heavier scents can be worn in cold weather, while lighter scents should be worn in warmer weather. Other factors that will affect how a fragrance smells on you include body chemistry, diet, stress, and pregnancy.
Please browse this fragrance designers page and the information resources listed below, where you can and learn more about the perfume and fragrance industries.
Perfume & Fragrance Resources
Personal Care Products Council
U.S. trade association for the personal care products industry. Products covered include cosmetics, toiletries, and fragrances.
www.PersonalCareCouncil.org
The Fragrance Foundation
Non-profit, educational arm of the international fragrance industry.
www.Fragrance.org
Copyright 2004-2022 Zeducorp.
About us. Contact us. Search.
For your convenience, certain links will open in new windows.
Womens Perfume - Guide to Women's Perfume
Perfume and Fragrances News
The Ultimate Guide To Home Fragrances For The Holidays And Beyond
Forbes. November, 2021.
Perfume Bottle on a Tree Stump


The rural judicial facilitators program in Nicaragua - an exemplary model of restorative justice?
Source: (2007) MFS-Report No. 43. UMEÅ UNIVERSITY Department of Law.
MFS-Report No. 43. UMEÅ UNIVERSITY Department of Law.


Prolook Home Inspections - Home Inspection Services - Inspect My Home!
Why you should hire Prolook Home Inspections to inspect your new home!
We all know a home is one of the biggest purchases you will make in your lifetime. The advantage of having it inspected first is to give you an understanding of the homes current condition so you can proceed with confidence, or in the worst case, back out of the deal before it's too late and you are left with a money pit.
Prolook Home Inspections will provide you more than just a report with pictures.
We will provide you the knowledge and understanding so you can make an informed decision and sleep well at nights.
View a sample report to get a picture of the detail we put into our reports. Yes, Most of the time the deficiencies listed are minor but every home is different and something MAJOR could be hiding in your new home. Do you want to risk finding out after you move in?
Contact us now to book your home inspection before it's too late!
Know what to expect about the condition of your new home by educating yourself.
Damien Stout, TREC license #20374, is a professional full time home inspector. I have the practical and technical experience to assess the condition of the property and list the deficiencies.
My goal is to report on the visible and accessible areas and systems of the property and deliver an unbiased opinion.
You are able to negotiate with the seller for repairs to be made to the property based of the report.
I will inform you of any safety issues that my affect your family.
You are welcome to attend the whole inspection and see what I see.


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Q: Defining our own colors (RGB ?) for Intra-paragraph markup color in reportlab For generating PDF files with reportlab / python, it is possible to define very easily the color of a text (and lot other things) by using the so called "Paragraph XML Markup Tags". For example a green text:
rapport.append(Paragraph('  Toto is a naugthy boy ', styles['Left']))

But, is it possible to define our own color (for example by using RGB code) ?

A: It is actually really straightforward, you can just replace green with any hex RGB color like #424242. So in your example it will look like this:
rapport.append(Paragraph('Toto is a naugthy boy', styles['Left']))

But it is also possible to use most of the HTML colors like:
rapport.append(Paragraph('Toto is a naugthy boy', styles['Left']))
rapport.append(Paragraph('Toto is a naugthy boy', styles['Left']))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


French Catholic bishop and famous preacher, Bishop of Clermont from 1717 until his death.
The sinner is oftentimes raised to honours and dignities, whilst the just man is obliged to tread the lowly paths of subjection and submission to his orders. On this great day, these evils shall be fully rectified. The sinner shall be separated from the just, as soon as the book of conscience is displayed: and the honours and the dignities of the Heavenly Jerusalem shall be conferred on the deserving the true and faithful servants of the Lord.
In this life we never behold the true state of our interior: our attention is engaged by the few serious sentiments with which we are occasionally animated; and the judgment which we form of ourselves is generally influenced by the last impressions which are made upon our minds.
Time is short, your obligations are infinite. Are your houses regulated, your children instructed, the afflicted relieved, the poor visited, the work of piety accomplished?
"And then shall they see the Son of Man coming in a cloud in great power and majesty" Luke, xxi. 27.
Thus, my beloved friends, shall the revolutions and kingdoms of this world be brought to a conclusion for ever. Thus shall end all the earthly pursuits which either amused us by their novelty, or seduced us by their charms. Thus shall the Son of Man come. Thus shall be ushered in the great day of his manifestation, the beginning of his reign, the complete redemption of his mystical body. On this day the consciences of all mankind shall be exposed to view a day of calamity and despair to the sinner, but of peace, joy, and consolation to the just. On this day the eternal lot of the whole world shall be decided.
Things will be restored to their proper order. The guilty will not triumph; will not escape the general opprobrium, nor the punishment which is due to their crimes: and an ample recompense will be given to the just man, in the clear and distinct view of an astonished and admiring universe.
Man, during his abode in this world, knows not his own heart. Self-love spreads a veil over his imperfections, and conceals the knowledge of his true state, both from himself and from others. But on this day he shall be seen in his true dress, both by himself and by all mankind. The just man is disregarded and despised in this world: he is subjected in a great measure to the will of the sinner; his life is esteemed folly, and his end without honour. He, likewise, shall be seen in his true light on this day, and shall be honoured before the whole world with that honour to which his merits are entitled.
Admit their maxims, and the universe returns to a frightful chaos; all things are thrown into disorder upon the earth; all the notions of virtue and vice are overthrown; the most inviolable laws of society are abolished: the discipline of morality is swept away; the government of states and empires ceases to be subject to any rule; the whole harmony of political institutions is dissolved; and the human race becomes an assemblage of madmen, barbarians, cheats, unnatural wretches who have no other laws but force, no other curb than their passions and the dread of authority, no other tie than irreligion and independence, no other gods than themselves.
Then shall you see the true state of your souls: then shall their secret avenues, their hidden affections, their depraved appetites, be all laid open to your view: then shall their unlawful desires, their hatreds and animosities, their vitiated and impure intentions, their criminal projects, which were overlooked because they proved abortive, and all their other vices, be displayed before you.


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Human Gene Transfer
Protocols involving the use of rDNA/sNA for gene transfer into humans, whether done directly in the subject or in vitro and subsequently put into the subject, must be submitted to both the APB and the Stanford University Institutional Review Board (IRB) for Medical Human Subjects. Federal regulations require the local IBC (at Stanford, the APB), upon receiving submission of a Human Gene Transfer protocol, to review the following aspects to determine if NIH Recombinant Advisory Committee (RAC) review is required:
The protocol uses a new vector, genetic material, or delivery methodology that represents a first-inhuman experience, thus presenting an unknown risk.
The protocol relies on preclinical safety data that were obtained using a new preclinical model system of unknown and unconfirmed value.
The proposed vector, gene construct, or method
of delivery is associated with possible toxicities that are not widely known and that may render it difficult for oversight bodies to evaluate the protocol rigorously.
Dependent upon the above findings the protocol will be either be submitted for RAC review or the APB will state that RAC review is not required.
For additional information concerning Stanford University's IRB panels, please access the panel's web site at http://researchcompliance.stanford.edu/.
Table 1. Recombinant and Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (NIH guidelines).
If your experiment is in an exempt category, APB approval is not necessary. If your experiment does not fall within the exempt categories, you must have current APB approval (also see Table 2).
Is your synthetic nucleic acid designed to: (1) neither replicate nor generate nucleic acids that can replicate in any living cell, and (2) not integrate into DNA, and (3) not produce a toxin that is lethal for vertebrates at an LD50 of less than 100 nanograms per kilogram body weight? Yes Exempt (III-F-1)
Is your recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule not in an organism, cell or virus and not been modified or manipulated to render it capable of penetrating cellular membranes? Yes Exempt (III-F-2)
Is your recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule solely from a single source that exists contemporaneously in nature? Yes Exempt (III-F-3)
Is your recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule solely from a prokaryotic host and propagated in the same host or transferred to another host by naturally occurring means? Yes Exempt (III-F-4)
Is your recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule from a eukaryotic host and propagated in the same host? Yes Exempt (III-F-5)
Is your recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule from species that naturally exchange DNA? Yes Exempt (III-F-6)
Does your genomic DNA contains a transposable element that does not contain any recombinant and/or synthetic nucleic acids? Yes Exempt (III-F-7)
Recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule which does not present a significant risk to health or the environment, as determined by the NIH* Yes Exempt (III-F-8)
*The NIH has determined that rDNA/sNA from infectious agents of BL-2 (see Appendix A) or above is not exempt and must receive Biosafety approval. Additionally, certain cloning vectors, i.e. Adeno- or Sindbis-based vectors, or amphotropic MMLV based vectors, are some examples of rDNA that are non-exempt.
Table 2. Experiments requiring APB approval.
Approval required for experiments involving:
(Specific NIH Guideline Section)
Further Information and Examples:
Deliberate transfer of a drug resistance trait to microorganisms that are not known to acquire the trait naturally if such acquisition could compromise the ability to control disease agents in humans, veterinary medicine or agriculture. (III-A-1-a)
Transferring a drug resistance trait that is used, had previously been used, may be used (including outside the U.S.), or that is related to other drugs that are used to treat or control disease agents.
Examples include transfer of: erythromycin resistance into Borrelia burgdorferi; pyrimethamine resistance into Toxoplasma gondii; chloramphenicol resistance into Rickettsia conorii; tetracycline resistance into Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Cloning of DNA, RNA or synthetic nucleic acid molecules encoding toxins lethal to vertebrates at an LD50 of <100 ng/kg body weight. (III-B-1)
Cloning toxins (or using plasmids that express toxins with low LD50s).
Examples include: botulinum, tetrodotoxin, ricin, T-2, saxitoxin, abrin, tetanus, Shigella dysenteriae neurotoxin, pertussis, Staph aureus Beta, shigatoxin, and conotoxins.
Transfer of recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules, or DNA or RNA derived from recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules into human research participants. (III-C-1)
Use of recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules, or DNA or RNA derived from recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules, that meet ANY of the following four criteria:
Contain >100nt, or
Possess biological properties that enable genome integration, or
Have the potential to replicate in a cell, or
Can be translated or transcribed.
Examples include: use of a defective adenoviral vector to deliver the CFTR
gene intranasally to patients with Cystic Fibrosis; introduction of an HSVTK
transduced cell line into patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma;
introduction of a shRNA delivered in a plasmid, bacterial or viral vector.
Risk Group 2, Risk Group 3, Risk Group 4 or Restricted Agents used as Host-Vector Systems. (III-D-1)
The introduction of recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules into Risk
Group 2, 3, 4, or Restricted Agents that meet ANY of the following criteria:
Produce a toxin lethal to vertebrates at an LD50 of <100ug/kg body weight
Examples include: Adenovirus, Herpes virus, Lentivirus, Amphotropic or VSV-g
pseudotyped Murine Retrovirus, Human Retrovirus, Vaccinia virus Vesicular
Stomatitis virus, and Adeno-Associated virus with helper virus.
DNA from Risk Group 2, Risk Group 3, Risk Group 4 or Restricted Agents cloned into nonpathogenic prokaryotic or lower eukaryotic host-vector systems. (III-D-2)
Transfer of DNA from Risk Group 2, 3, 4, or Restricted Agents into
nonpathogenic prokaryotes or lower eukaryotes.
Use of pathogens or defective pathogens as vectors.
Infectious DNA or RNA viruses or defective DNA or RNA viruses in the presence of helper virus in tissue culture systems. (III-D-3)
rDNA experiments involving Risk Group 2, 3, or 4 pathogens.
rDNA experiments involving ≤ 2/3 of the genome from eukaryotic viruses in the
presence of a helper virus.
Examples include: HIV, HTLV-I & II, West Nile Virus, and Lymphocytic
Choriomeningitis Virus
Whole animals, including transgenic animals. (III-D-4)
Experiments utilizing any of the following that may lead to transmissible
infection either directly or indirectly as a result of complementation or
recombination in the animal:
> 2/3 of eukaryotic viral genome, or
Animals containing sequences from viral vectors, or
Stable integration of recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules, or
nucleic acids derived therefrom, into the germline.
Use of viable recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecule-modified Risk
Group 2, 3, 4 or Restricted Agent microorganisms tested on whole animals.
Whole plants. (III-D-5)
Experiments involving exotic infectious agents when recombinant or synthetic
nucleic acid molecule techniques are associated with whole plants.
Experiments with plants involving cloned genomes of readily transmissible
exotic infectious agents.
Experiments with plants involving readily transmissible exotic infectious
agents (i.e. soybean rust fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, maize streak or other
viruses) in the presence of their specific arthropod vectors.
Experiments involving plants or their associated organisms and the
introduction of sequences encoding potent vertebrate toxins.
Experiments involving microbial pathogens of insects, arthropods or small
animals associated with plants if the recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid
molecule-modified organism can detrimentally impact the ecosystem.
Large-scale DNA work. (III-D-6)
≥ 10 liters of culture combined.
Examples include: Use of ≥10 L fermentor; growing up to five 2 L flasks of rDNA
culture (i.e. E. coli K-12).
Influenza virus. (III-D-7)
Experiments with Influenza virus shall be conducted at the BSL containment
corresponding to the Risk Group of the virus that was the source of the
majority of segments.
Experiments that alter antiviral susceptibility may increase containment level
Examples of BSL3 influenza work: 1957-1968 Human H2N2, Highly pathogenic
avian influenza H5N1 strains within the Goose/Guangdong/06-like H5 lineage
(HPAI H5N1), 1918 H1N1.
a Refers to the parental or wild-type virus and some of the common deletions used in viral vectors. MMLV, Moloney murine leukemia virus; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus.
b Refers to ability of vector to infect cells from a range of species. Ecotropic generally means able to infect only cells of the species originally isolated from or identified in. Please note that the ecotropic host for HIV and HSV would be human cells, but the ecotropic host for MMLV would be murine cells. Amphotropic and VSV-G-pseudotyped virus host range includes human cells.
c Shown are general categories of cellular genes and functions. Please note that there are differences in the containment level for the same class depending on whether the viral vector integrates into the recipient genome at a high rate. The general categories are as follows: S, structural proteins (actin, myosin, etc.); E, enzymatic proteins (serum proteases, transferases, oxidases, phosphatases, etc.); M, metabolic enzymes (amino acid metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, etc.); G, cell growth, housekeeping; CC, cell cycle, cell division; DR, DNA replication, chromosome segregation, mitosis and meiosis; MP, membrane proteins, ion channels, G-coupled protein receptors, transporters, etc.; T, tracking genes such as those for green fluorescent proteins and luciferases and photoreactive genes; TX, active subunit genes for toxins such as ricin, botulinum toxin and Shiga and Shiga-like toxins; R, regulatory genes for transcription and cell activators such as cytokines, lymphokines and tumor suppressors; Ov and Oc, oncogenes identified via transforming potential of viral and cellular analogs, or mutations in tumor suppressor genes resulting in a protein that inhibits/moderates the normal cellular wildtype proteins.
This does not include SV40 T antigen. SV40 T-antigen-containing cells should not be considered more hazardous than the intact virus. SV40 is considered a risk level 1 agent (the lowest level) according to the NIH Guidelines. The prevalence of SV40 infection in the U.S. population due to contaminated polio vaccine does not seem to have caused a statistically significant increase in the rate of cancers. However, the data from the various studies on SV40 association with cancer are equivocal (Strickler et al. 1998; Butel and Lednicky, 1999; Dang-Tan et al., 2004).
d This is a general assessment of containment levels for laboratory construction and use of these vectors for nonproduction quantities only based on the 4th edition of BMBL. This table cannot cover every potential use within a research or laboratory settings; as information is gained, risk assessments and containment levels may be changed. Local IBCs should use all available information and their best judgment to determine appropriate containment levels. BSL – 1* refers to the containment level based on parent virus risk group. However, most procedures involving the handling and manipulation of the viral vectors are done at BSL – 2 to protect cell cultures and viral stocks from contamination.
e Certain specific strains of poxviruses, such as MVA, NYVAC, ALVAC and TROVAC, are considered low-risk agents and can be handled at BSL – 1 in certain cases.
From Biological Safety Principles and Practices, 4th ed., pg. 524, D.O. Fleming and D.L. Hunt, Ed, ASM Press, 2006
Figure 1. Genome Editing and Gene Drives
Image credit: Kevin Esvelt
Conducting Gene Transfer experiments into human subjects requires both an IRB and an APB protocol.
Chapter Listing
Recombinant DNA & Synthetic Nucleic Acids: Regulations & Guidelines