text:
Urban Geography
Redlining and Blockbusting
Agricultural Geography
Agricultural Hearths
Agricultural Production Regions
Agricultural Revolutions
Agriculture and Climate
Agriculture and Pollution
Extensive Farming
Feeding the World
Food Desert
Food Movements
Impact of Technology on Agriculture
Intensive Farming
Market Gardening
Mechanized Farming
Mediterranean Agriculture
Monocropping
Origins of Agriculture
Pastoral Nomadism
Second Agricultural Revolution
Shifting Cultivation
Slash and Burn Agriculture
Small Family Farm
Soil Salinization
Terrace Farming
Tropical Climates
Types of Agriculture
Von Thunen Model
Cultural Geography
Aging Populations
Contagious Diffusion
Contemporary Cultural Diffusion
Creolization
Cultural Hearths
Cultural Patterns
Cultural Traits
Definition of Culture
Diffusion of Religion
Ethnic Neighborhoods
Hierarchical Diffusion
Relocation Diffusion
Time-Space Convergence
Universalizing Religions
Commodity Dependence
Debt Crisis
Gender Inequality Index
Global Financial Crises
Human Development Index
International Lending Agencies
Just in Time Delivery
Literacy Rate
Natural Resource Depletion
Rostow Model
Sustainable Development Goal 12
Sustainable Development Goal 2
Tertiary Sector
World Systems Theory
Introduction to Human Geography
Distance Decay
Environmental Determinism
Formal Regions
Functional Regions
Geospatial Technologies
Human-Environmental Interaction
Map Projections
Nature and Society
Perceptual Region
Possibilism
Regional Boundaries
Time-Space Compression
Travel Narratives
Berlin Conference
Boundary Disputes
Devolution in Belgium
Devolution in Canada
Devolution in Nigeria
Devolution in Spain
Devolution in Sudan
Disintegration of States
Ethnic Nationalist Movement
Ethnic Separatism
Function of Political Boundaries
Indian Reservations in the US
Irredentism
Nation vs Nation State
Neocolonialism
Political Boundaries
Shatterbelt
Stateless Nation
Supranationalism
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
Unitary State
Voting Districts
Population Geography
Agricultural Population Density
Arithmetic Population Density
Causes of Migration
Consequences of Aging Population
Cultural Effects of Migration
Dependency Ratio
Effects of Migration
Epidemiological Transition
Fertility, Mortality and Migration
Forced Migration
Guest Workers
Internal Migration
Malthusian Theory
Natural Increase
Physiological Population Density
Population Composition
Population Policies
Pull Factors of Migration
Push Factors of Migration
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
Rural to Urban Migration
Transnational Migration
Voluntary Migration
African City Model
Bid Rent Theory
Brownfield Redevelopment
Central Place Theory
Challenges of Urban Changes
Challenges to Urban Sustainability
Concentric Zone Model
Disamenity Zones
Environmental Injustice
Galactic City Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Internal Structure of Cities
Mixed Land Use
Multiple Nuclei Model
New Urbanism
Primate City
Rank Size Rule
Squatter Settlements
Transit Oriented Development
Urban Sustainability
After the US Civil War, Black residents believed they would have the opportunity to own property and homes, and to build communities where they previously could not. But these hopes were soon dashed. In search for jobs and homes, Black families experienced hurdles too systematic and widespread. Even when these trends reached across city and state borders, the voices of those suffering were silenced in the courts and at the voting polls. Redlining and blockbusting weren't isolated incidents but were prevalent practices across the US. If you think this was wrong and unfair, you will want to read on. Also, we will be discussing the effects of blockbusting and redlining as well as the difference between them, so let's start!
Redlining Definition
Redlining was the practice of withholding financial loans and services to residents in urban neighborhoods considered high-risk or undesirable. These neighborhoods had predominantly minority and low-income residents, which prevented them from purchasing property, homes, or investing in communities.
The effects of redlining include:
exacerbated racial segregation
financial discrimination.
While some forms of these practices began after the Civil War, they became systematic and codified in the 20th century, and weren't outlawed until 1968.
History of Redlining
In the 1930s, the US government initiated a series of public works projects and programs under the New Deal to help alleviate the strains from the Great Depression, reconstruct the country, and promote home ownership. The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) (1933) and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) (1934) were both created to assist with these goals.
The HOLC was a temporary program meant to refinance existing loans that borrowers were struggling with due to the Great Depression. They issued loans throughout the country, assisting in both white and Black neighborhoods.1 The FHA, which still exists, dealt with creating a loan insurance system to finance new housing construction.
Fig. 1 - HOLC Redlining Grades in San Francisco, California (1930s)
The HOLC produced color-coded maps in the late 1930s to better understand local mortgage markets in American cities. "Best" and "Still Desirable" referred to areas that had good infrastructure, investment, and businesses, but were also predominantly white.
Areas deemed "Hazardous," which included all Black neighborhoods in US cities, were shaded in red. Ethnically mixed and lower-income neighborhoods were graded between "Definitely Declining" and "Hazardous."
Although these maps did not guide HOLC's lending (the majority of loans had already been dispersed), they were influenced by the discriminatory practices of both the FHA and private lenders. These maps demonstrate a "snapshot" of perceptions from both the federal government and financial institutions.1
The FHA took things further by not insuring homes in Black neighborhoods and demanding racial covenants in new housing construction.
Racial covenants were private agreements among homeowners prohibiting them from selling their homes to minority groups. This was based on the argument that both the FHA and other lending companies believed the presence of other races in communities would lower property values.
Tight housing markets arose from the racial housing discrimination that was carried out at the local, state, and federal levels. As new minority residents moved in, only a limited amount of housing was available to them due to redlining and racial covenants. As a result, real estate agents targeted areas close to or around minority-dominant neighborhoods for blockbusting. These communities were usually already mixed and had lower HOLC grades.
Blockbusting Definition
Blockbusting is a series of practices by real estate agents to induce panic selling and peddling of white-owned housing to minorities. High property turnover provided profits for real estate companies, because commission fees were made on the mass buying and selling of homes. Racial steering was also used to distort information about available homes in different neighborhoods depending on the buyers' race.
Blockbusting practices exploited long-standing racial tensions to encourage urban white homeowners to quickly sell their properties, usually at below-market values.3 Real estate agents then exploited minority residents by reselling and financing homes at higher market rates with poor lending terms. Blockbusting spurred white flight during a time of urban changes in US cities (1900-1970).
White flight describes white abandonment of city neighborhoods that are diversifying; whites typically move to suburban areas.
Fig. 2 - Redlining Grades and Blockbusting sites in Chicago, Illinois
The National Association of Real Estate Boards (NAREB) endorsed views that conflated racial mixing and inferiority while endorsing the superiority of all-white communities.5 In combination with the discriminatory practices of the FHA, blockbusting destabilized the urban housing market and the structure of inner cities. The active prevention of investment and access to loans led to the deterioration of property values, proving evidence Black communities were deemed "unstable."
Infamous blockbusting sites in the US include Lawndale in Western Chicago and Englewood in Southern Chicago. These neighborhoods were around "hazardous" graded neighborhoods (i.e., minority communities).
Redlining Effects
The effects of redlining include racial segregation, income inequality, and financial discrimination.
Racial Segregation
Even though redlining was banned in 1968, the US is still experiencing its effects. For instance, while racial segregation is unlawful, most US cities remain de facto segregated by race.
The US Government Accountability Office (GAO) recently reported that over a third of students attended a school that had a predominant race/ethnicity, while 14% attend schools that are almost entirely a single race/ethnicity.6 This is because the majority of students go to school in their neighborhoods, which in many cases have histories of racial segregation.
Income inequality is another major effect of redlining. Due to nearly a century of redlining, generations of wealth were created primarily for white families.
Access to credit, loans, and a booming housing market in the 1950s and 60s allowed wealth to concentrate in suburbs and within specific racial groups. In 2017, the homeownership rate among all races was highest for white families at over 72%, while lagging at only 42% for Black families.7 This is because, regardless of income, Black families experienced greater financial discrimination.
Fig. 3 - US Homeownership by Race (1994-2009)
Financial Discrimination
Financial discrimination remains a prevalent issue. Predatory lending and financial discrimination were in full swing during the 1920s, affecting minority and lower-income families most.
The 2008 Economic Crisis is linked to the expansion of subprime lending, which uses a range of predatory lending practices (i.e., excessive fees and prepayment penalties). Subprime loans were disproportionally offered in minority and low-income neighborhoods in the 1990s.9
Based on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's findings, these disproportionalities occurred in Atlanta, Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, and Baltimore. The practice was carried out in other major metropolitan regions as well, it is believe. On average, one in ten families in white communities received subprime loans while one in two families in Black communities received them (irrespective of income).7
Blockbusting Effects
The effects of blockbusting are similar to the effects of redlining -- racial segregation, income inequality, and financial discrimination. However, blockbusting also fueled white flight and the growth of suburbs. It likely exacerbated racial tensions that were already prevalent at the neighborhood, city, and national levels.
While both racial turnover in cities and suburbanization occurred before WWII, the acceleration of these processes occurred postwar. Millions of Black who left the rural US South altered spatial landscapes across the country quickly. This was known as the Great Migration.
In Kansas City, Missouri over 60,000 Black residents moved in between 1950 and 1970, while over 90,000 White residents left. Within two decades, the population had a net loss of 30,000 residents.5 Despite major population shifts, segregation remained high.
Later programs did not remedy the problems that had accumulated. For example, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)'s urban renewal programs aimed to build affordable housing, bring in businesses, and save areas from further deterioration. However, urban renewal programs targeted many of the same neighborhoods deemed "Hazardous," evicting residents and destroying their homes.
Mismanagement of projects and unequal access to financial services allowed affluent business leaders greater access to urban renewal funds. Many projects sought to attract affluent suburban commuters by building highways and luxury businesses. Over a million US residents, predominantly low-income and minority groups, were displaced in less than three decades (1949-1974).
Difference Between Redlining and Blockbusting
Redlining and blockbusting are distinct practices with the same result -- racial segregation.
While redlining was primarily carried out by financial institutions, real estate markets profited from racial housing discrimination by using blockbusting methods in tighter housing markets.
Both redlining and blockbusting were outlawed under the Fair Housing Act of 1968. The Fair Housing Act made it unlawful to discriminate based on race or national origin in the selling of homes. It took nearly another decade for the Community Reinvestment Act to pass in 1977, which meant to undo the housing discrimination created by redlining, by expanding lending to middle and low-income residents.
Blockbusting and Redlining in Urban Geography
Redlining and blockbusting are examples of how urban geographers, politicians, and private interests can discriminate, deny, and restrict access to areas of the urban space.
The urban landscapes we live in today were created from the policies of the past. Most areas experiencing gentrification now were considered "Hazardous" on redlined maps, while areas considered "Best" and "Still Desirable" have the lowest rates of mixed-income and lack of affordable housing.
Many cities are still primarily zoned for single-family housing. This means only single-family houses can be built, excluding apartments, multi-family housing, or even townhomes that are more affordable for low-income families. This policy is based on the idea that these types of housing would lower property values.10 It's a familiar argument made to exclude minority and low-income families from communities for decades. However, this exclusive zoning is hurting families across the country regardless of race, because housing affordability continues to be an issue.
While blockbusting and redlining aren't lawful policies anymore, the scars left from decades of implementation can still be seen and felt to this day. Academic disciplines such as geography and urban planning, politicians, and private interests implicated in these practices now have the responsibility to introduce new measures to combat the effects. Greater accountability, community outreach, and regulations in the housing and financial markets have helped solve some issues, however, change is ongoing.
Redlining and Blockbusting - Key takeaways
Redlining is the practice of withholding financial loans and services to residents in urban neighborhoods considered high-risk or undesirable. These areas had more minorities and low-income residents, discriminating against them and preventing them from purchasing property, homes, or investing in their communities.
The HOLC produced color-coded maps in the late 1930s in order to better understand local mortgage markets in American cities. Although they didn't enforce discriminatory redlining, the FHA and other financial institutions did.
Blockbusting is a series of practices by real estate agents to induce panic selling and peddling of white-owned housing to minorities. High property turnover provided profits for real estate companies, because commission fees were made on the mass buying and selling of homes.
The effects of redlining and blockbusting are segregation, income inequality, and financial discrimination.
Redlining, blockbusting, the rapid migration of Black residents into cities, and the rapid migration of white residents into suburbs changed the urban landscape of the US within a few decades.
Fishback., P., Rose, J., Snowden K., Storrs, T. New Evidence on Redlining by Federal Housing Programs in the 1930s. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. 2022. DOI: 10.21033/wp-2022-01.
Fig. 1, HOLC Redlining Map Grade in San Francisco, California (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Home_Owners%27_Loan_Corp._(HOLC)_Neighborhood_Redlining_Grade_in_San_Francisco,_California.png), by Joelean Hall (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joelean_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1), licensed by CC-BY-SA-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en)
Ouazad, A. Blockbusting: Brokers and the Dynamics of Segregation. Journal of Economic Theory. 2015. 157, 811-841. DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2015.02.006.
Fig. 2, Redlining Grades in Blockbusting sites in Chicago, Illinois (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Home_Owners%27_Loan_Corp._(HOLC)_Neighborhood_Redlining_Grade_in_Chicago,_Illinois.png), by Joelean Hall (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joelean_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1), licensed by CC-BY-SA-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en)
Gotham, K. F. Beyond Invasion and Succession: School Segregation, Real Estate Blockbusting, and the Political Economy of Neighborhood Racial Transition. City & Community. 2002. 1(1). DOI: 10.1111/1540-6040.00009.
Carrillo, S. and Salhotra, P. "The U.S. student population is more diverse, but schools are still highly segregated." National Public Radio. July 14, 2022.
National Association of Realtors. "You Can't Live Here: The Enduring Impacts of Restrictive Covenants." Fair Housing Makes U.S. Stronger. 2018.
Fig. 3, US Homeownership Rates by Race (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Homeownership_by_Race_2009.png), by Srobinson71 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Srobinson71&action=edit&redlink=1), licensed by CC-BY-SA-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en)
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Unequal Burden: Income & Racial Disparities in Subprime Lending in America. 2000.
Badger, E. and Bui, Q. "Cities Start to Question an American Ideal: A House With a Yard on Every Lot." The New York Times. June 18, 2019.
Frequently Asked Questions about Redlining and Blockbusting
What is blockbusting and redlining?
Redlining is withholding financial loans and services to residents in high-risk or undesirable areas, usually targeting low-income and minorities. Blockbusting is a series of practices by real estate agents to induce panic selling and peddling of white-owned housing to minorities.
What is racial steering?
Racial steering is one of the techniques used in blockbusting, where real estate brokers limited access and options to homes depending on race.
What is the difference between redlining and blockbusting?
The difference between redlining and blockbusting is that they are different forms of racial discrimination techniques with the same goal of segregation. Redlining was used by financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies while blockbusting was done within real estate companies.
What is an example of redlining?
An example of redlining is the HOLC maps the federal government created, which placed all Black neighborhoods within a "Hazardous" category for insurance and lending.
What is an example of blockbusting?
An example of blockbusting is telling white residents that they need to sell their houses quickly and at below-market values because new black residents are moving in.
Final Redlining and Blockbusting Quiz
What is redlining?
The practice of withholding financial loans and services to residents in areas considered high-risk or undesirable.
Who was the target for redlining?
Minorities and low-income.
Who created the infamous redlining maps in the 1930s?
The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC).
What did the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) do?
Refused to insure homes in Black neighborhoods and demand racial covenants.
What is blockbusting?
A series of practices by real estate agents to induce panic selling and peddling of white-owned housing to minorities.
Why did real estate agents use blockbusting?
High property turnover provided profits for real estate companies, as commission fees were made on the mass buying and selling of homes.
What was the goal of redlining and blockbusting?
Racial segregation.
What outlawed redlining and blockbusting?
The Fair Housing Act of 1968.
What were the effects of redlining?
Racial segregation, income inequality, financial discrimination.
What were the effects of blockbusting?
High racial turnover in cities that destabilized the urban housing market.
More about Redlining and Blockbusting
of the users don't pass the Redlining and Blockbusting quiz! Will you pass the quiz?
More explanations about Urban Geography
Hoyt Sector Model Learn
Rank Size Rule Learn
Water Quality Learn
Air Quality Learn
Environmental Injustice Learn
Infill Learn
Urban Renewal Learn
Brownfield Redevelopment Learn
Bid Rent Theory Learn
Sustainable Design Learn
Disamenity Zones Learn
Suburban Sprawl Learn
World Cities Learn
Multiple Nuclei Model Learn
Galactic City Model Learn
Concentric Zone Model Learn
Gentrification Learn
Urban Sustainability Learn
Challenges of Urban Changes Learn
Central Place Theory Learn
Challenges to Urban Sustainability Learn
Mixed Land Use Learn
Internal Structure of Cities Learn
Squatter Settlements Learn
Primate City Learn
Transit Oriented Development Learn
African City Model Learn
Green Belt Learn
New Urbanism Learn


text:
Online giants are feeding children 'social heroin', warns former Google Design Ethicist
Tristan Harris is calling for social media apps to be redesigned to make them "more humane" Credit: Image Source
Mike Wright
25 September 2018 • 11:30am
Duty of Care Campaign
Social media is like "heroin" for children but Silicon Valley engineers don't realise as they're largely in their 20s and childless, Google's former Design Ethicist has claimed.
Tristan Harris, who left the company in 2016, said that social media companies should have to demonstrate their apps are safe for children, in an interview with The Telegraph.
The 34-year-old, who was recently in the UK advising the government, said the country could also be 'a model' for the world if it gets social media regulations right.
Last week it emerged the government has started drafting proposals to regulate social media and tech companies.
The Telegraph is campaigning for a statutory duty of care on social media firms to better safeguard children from online harms.
Mr Harris said: "You might imagine the people at Instagram or Facebook have just hired a bunch of really thoughtful compassionate child developmental psychologists. That's not at all how this works.
Tristan Harris became Google's first design ethicist after raising concerns about the effects big tech was having in 2013 Credit: Tristan Harris
"You have the complete opposite situation of 20 to 30-year-old engineers who often don't have children designing things that are primarily used by children.
"Because they don't have that extra view it's not really safe for them until they demonstrate that it is.
He added: "What people get wrong is it's not just limiting the dose size and how bad it is for you.
"You can screen time-limit so you do 10 mins a day instead of 30 minutes - you are still giving children social heroin and we have to change the fundamental designs."
Mr Harris has been something of a Cassandra in Silicon Valley, sounding the alarm about the impact big tech firms are having as early as 2013.
He is also someone intimately acquainted with the subtle methods tech giants use to allegedly hook users into their apps.
As a student at Stanford University he studied computer science under B.J. Fogg, considered one of the pioneers of persuasive design techniques.
While in his 20s Mr Harris co-founded a search engine company, Apture, which was acquired by Google in 2011, where he then became a product manager.
Despite his gilded ascent, Mr Harris was dogged by a growing sense that 'something about this isn't right' when it came the power tech giants were amassing.
He said: "I knew one part of the problem was that as Google we were creating a channel between a human brain and all these people who make apps, who are basically given free range to pull on the puppet strings of the human mind."
Never before in history have the decisions of a handful of designers working at three companies (Google, Apple, Facebook) had so much impact on how millions of people around the world spend their attention. 'A Call to Minimize Distraction & Respect Users' Attention' - Tristan Harris
In 2013 he laid out his reservations in a presentation called 'A Call to Minimize Distraction & Respect Users' Attention'.
The missive struck a chord and was widely shared within the company, prompting Google to make Mr Harris its first Design Ethicist.
But over time he became frustrated with what he saw as his lack of real influence at Google and in 2016 Mr Harris left, later founding the Center for Humane Technology.
When considering how much the social media landscape has changed in the five years since he first released his presentation, Mr Harris says "fundamentally, not a lot".
He still sees tech companies locked in a "race for attention" and using persuasive design techniques to keep people absorbed in their apps as long as possible.
Whether it's Snapchat's 'streaks', which reward users for messaging every day, or Facebook sending notifications about people they predict users who have been away from the app for a while will most likely engage with.
Mr Harris giving a 2014 TED talk titled 'How Better Tech Could Protect Us from Distraction' Credit: TED
Mr Harris notes that some tech and social media companies have started adding features aimed at limiting use, such as Apple's iOS 12 Screen Time, but described the current developments as "tiny steps".
He said: "It sounds like a paranoid conspiracy not something real, but here's a fact: All these apps are caught in a race for attention and it's not going away.
"And that's where persuasive design comes in, as persuasion is the way that I win over a competitor. If am more persuasive and manipulating human instincts better than my competitor then I will win in the attention economy".
One of the key features that many companies use, according to Mr Harris, is the unpredictable rewards apps can deliver every time we open them or refresh a feed.
"Our phone is like a slot machine and the way a slot machine works is on an unpredictable schedule, on a random hit or miss reward, that's how you make it the most addictive," he adds.
Duty of care puff
These days Mr Harris devotes his energies to lobbying and advising governments and organisations on the need to guard against the pernicious effects tech can have on users and the fabric of society.
Yet for him, the issue is not simply about people limiting the time they spend on social media, he wants to see the apps fundamentally redesigned to make them "more humane".
He said: "The entire premise of what we call humane technology is to start with a much more vulnerable view of human nature.
"That the human animal has these deep instincts that can be manipulated and seduced, and we either protect against those being manipulated or we don't."
Rail firms considering 'frequent flyer' scheme to win back passengers after coronavirus
Road closures during school hours could be costing lives, warns head of private ambulance service
Gallery: Telegraph cartoons - January 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Acer binzayedii, commonly known as algodoncillo, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Acer. It is endemic to Jalisco State in western Mexico. It has a limited range, and is considered Critically Endangered.

Description
Acer binzayedii is a large tree, growing to between 20 and 30 meters in height. It flowers between December and January and sets fruit from March.

Taxonomy
The formal description of the species reads as follows: "The specific epithet honours a philanthropist committed to the protection of the environment and the preservation of species, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces. Through his philanthropic endowment, the first author was able to conduct phylogeographic and taxonomic studies of Acer in tropical America; this research led to the discovery and recognition of this new species."

Until 2017 it was considered a western population of Acer skutchii.

Range and habitat
Acer binzayedii is native to ravine montane cloud forests in the Sierra de Manantlán of western Jalisco State. It known from two remnant populations, each less than two hectares in area, between 1,790 and 1,880 meters elevation. Mean average temperature is 18.5° C. The two cloud forest remnants are separated by pine–oak forest.

It grows on intermediate rocks and cambisol soil. It is typically found in association with Carpinus tropicalis, Cornus disciflora, Dendropanax arboreus, Ostrya virginiana, and Quercus salicifolia. A. binzayedii is susceptible to fire.

Conservation
Human disturbance is causing species' habitat to decline in area, extent and quality. The species also suffers from low genetic diversity.

The population was formerly larger, but only 90 mature trees have been observed, along with a larger number of young trees.

References

binzayedii
Plants described in 2017
Flora of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Trees of Jalisco
Flora of the Sierra Madre del Sur
Endemic flora of Mexico

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Alloys of strength and beauty. He had to invent them. We have created the Apple Watch with special alloys: one stainless steel, one aluminum – each in two finishes – and finally an exclusive reformulation of gold and 18 carat rose gold. Thanks to these materials, our watches not only dazzle by your design, but they also resist perfectly your rhythm of life.
Apple we already announced that Gold and pink gold Apple Watch Edition would not be normal at all, but until now we didn't know really what were talking about. In a recent interview with The Financial Times, Jonathan Ive reveals that they have managed to compress the gold molecules so that they are more fences each other, resulting in a new type heavy duty double than the normal.
The secret may be found in a patent registered by the company in the middle of last year under the name "Method and equipment for forming metal matrix of gold compounds". You see, when we say that something is made of 18 k gold, means that it is not pure gold, but an alloy consisting of 18 parts gold 24, i.e., 3/4 parts of gold, or 75% purity.
The remaining 25% is usually a combination of other metals such as silver or copper, but according to Apple patent, its alloy used ceramic particles of low density with an additional benefit for the company: not only Apple 18-karat gold is more resistant to scratches, bumps, but it also you need 1/3 less gold than the conventional. How? Carats are based on fractions of mass, and since these ceramics particles occupy one greater volume, in practice Apple Watch box will need less gold to have the same volume.
That being said all advantages: better for the user, getting a harder luxury watch; and better for Apple, which needs less pure gold to make it. And is no nonsense… estimates initial pointed to that if Apple Watch Edition is a success, the guys at Cupertino would need 1/3 of World Gold production to manufacture them. Too much gold, even for Apple, do not you think?
The estimates suggest that the price of the Apple Watch of gold and rose gold could move between the 5,000 and 20,000 dollars, But if you think that much, wait to listen to this. According to sources of the Wall Street Journal, Apple is also studying the possibility of using Platinum as an even more luxurious option for your watch; an option that in the case of traditional clocks, often triple its price with respect to the gold. Do the account.
Serve as consolation for the rest of us mortals, Apple Watch Sport will have a more affordable price, $349, While Apple Watch steel 316L stainless, cold-forged to make it 40% more resistant against scratches and corrosion, should be around the 500 or $600.
Less than an hour to confirm it.


text:
nkMega Menu
Relationship Matters
INEC News Politics Yobe State
Tribunal: INEC ad-hoc Staff Admits Alteration on Election Documents
Dr Adamu Abubakar, the Returning Officer for the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in the Yobe South Senatorial election held on February 23, said that there were alterations carried out during the collation of results of the election.
NYSC members serving as INEC ad-hoc staff
Abubakar, who monitored the election in Nagere Local Government Area of Yobe, admitted this while being cross-examined by Mr Paul Erokoro (SAN), counsel to Sen. Mohammed Hassan, the petitioner before the National Assembly Election Petition Tribunal for Yobe, sitting in Abuja.
According to him, there were cancellation and alterations in some of the result sheets used for the election, where some were torn and corrections effected.
The witness also admitted before the tribunal that a total number of 12 alterations were made and that the changes were not counter signed.
"During our training, we were told to make amendment on issues that seem so confusing to us, I discarded some forms after receiving them.
" lNEC sent me on assignment and some of my reports were made orally to it, there was no violence on the election that was held in Yobe South Senatorial Restrict, no crisis, everything was peaceful.
" I had a training as a local government collation officer, I was familiarised with forms used for the election like EC8B, EC8C, I know a voter register as a voter, but as a collation officer, that was not part of my training," the witness said.
Meanwhile, another witness brought by INEC, Mr Ishaq Yebua who monitored the election in Fika Local Government Area, listed the result of some wards in the local government and said that the alteration in the documents he had were counter signed by parties in the election.
According to Yebua, " I have been working with INEC for the past 31 years, I have been in Fika for a year, I was at the local government collation centre and I monitored the election".
He said that the election was peaceful and that the collation at the centre took place between Feb. 24 down to Feb. 25
"I am familiar with election materials and the materials are to be used depending on the type of election to be conducted, we have form EC8A, EC8A1, EC8A2, EC8B1, EC8B2 and many more.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that in this petition, Sen. Mohammed Hassan of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) had dragged Sen. Ibrahim Bomoi of the All Progressives Congress (APC) before the tribunal.
Hassan had alleged in his petition that there were series of irregularities observed during the election and that on that ground Bomoi did not score the highest lawful votes cast.
He also alleged that card reader machines were not used in some of the polling units during the election and that some electorate were disenfranchised.
Hassan is praying the tribunal to declare him the winner by virtue of the alleged irregularities perceived during the election.
NAN reports that INEC, which is first respondent on Thursday closed its defence while Bomoi, who is the second respondent is to open his defence on Friday, July 5.
Share this post with your friends and also share your thoughts by adding your comments below.
So... You Want To Be An Entrepreneur
How To Choose Ideal Wedding Shoes
Why Men Like Big Butts
Giving 45,000 Nigerian Children Quality Education via OPM Free Schools
NAPTIP, NACTAL Partner to Fight Trafficking, Abuse
South America Searches For Answers After Massive Blackout
UNILORIN Produces Prototype of Speed Limiting Device
Why FIFA Plans to Take Over Football Management in Africa
Halep Shatters Serena Williams Bid For 24th Grand Slam Title
PDP Orders Fresh State Congress in Kogi
Nollywood: The Big Boobs Boom
Archive 7/14/19 - 7/21/19 (1) 7/7/19 - 7/14/19 (2) 6/30/19 - 7/7/19 (10) 6/23/19 - 6/30/19 (28) 6/16/19 - 6/23/19 (16) 6/9/19 - 6/16/19 (3) 5/5/19 - 5/12/19 (8) 3/24/19 - 3/31/19 (31) 3/17/19 - 3/24/19 (2) 3/10/19 - 3/17/19 (11) 3/3/19 - 3/10/19 (17) 2/24/19 - 3/3/19 (51) 2/17/19 - 2/24/19 (39) 2/10/19 - 2/17/19 (22) 2/3/19 - 2/10/19 (45) 1/13/19 - 1/20/19 (15) 12/16/18 - 12/23/18 (10) 12/9/18 - 12/16/18 (9) 12/2/18 - 12/9/18 (26) 11/25/18 - 12/2/18 (45) 11/18/18 - 11/25/18 (34) 11/11/18 - 11/18/18 (28) 11/4/18 - 11/11/18 (20) 10/28/18 - 11/4/18 (24) 10/21/18 - 10/28/18 (12) 10/14/18 - 10/21/18 (9) 8/19/18 - 8/26/18 (8) 7/29/18 - 8/5/18 (21) 7/22/18 - 7/29/18 (10) 3/4/18 - 3/11/18 (1) 1/28/18 - 2/4/18 (9) 11/19/17 - 11/26/17 (1) 11/12/17 - 11/19/17 (9) 9/17/17 - 9/24/17 (24) 9/10/17 - 9/17/17 (17) 9/3/17 - 9/10/17 (2) 8/27/17 - 9/3/17 (7) 8/20/17 - 8/27/17 (9) 8/13/17 - 8/20/17 (2) 8/6/17 - 8/13/17 (2) 6/25/17 - 7/2/17 (1) 5/28/17 - 6/4/17 (1) 5/21/17 - 5/28/17 (3) 5/14/17 - 5/21/17 (14) 5/7/17 - 5/14/17 (9) 4/30/17 - 5/7/17 (15) 4/23/17 - 4/30/17 (16) 4/16/17 - 4/23/17 (37) 4/9/17 - 4/16/17 (12) 4/2/17 - 4/9/17 (12) 3/26/17 - 4/2/17 (31) 3/19/17 - 3/26/17 (32) 3/12/17 - 3/19/17 (58) 3/5/17 - 3/12/17 (45) 2/26/17 - 3/5/17 (46) 2/19/17 - 2/26/17 (53) 2/12/17 - 2/19/17 (16) 2/5/17 - 2/12/17 (25) 1/29/17 - 2/5/17 (38) 1/22/17 - 1/29/17 (25) 1/15/17 - 1/22/17 (12) 1/8/17 - 1/15/17 (14) 1/1/17 - 1/8/17 (19) 12/25/16 - 1/1/17 (48) 12/18/16 - 12/25/16 (54) 12/11/16 - 12/18/16 (38) 12/4/16 - 12/11/16 (17) 11/27/16 - 12/4/16 (14) 11/20/16 - 11/27/16 (18) 11/13/16 - 11/20/16 (5) 11/6/16 - 11/13/16 (10) 10/30/16 - 11/6/16 (23) 10/23/16 - 10/30/16 (10) 10/16/16 - 10/23/16 (29) 10/9/16 - 10/16/16 (52) 10/2/16 - 10/9/16 (14) 9/25/16 - 10/2/16 (30) 9/18/16 - 9/25/16 (4) 9/11/16 - 9/18/16 (25) 9/4/16 - 9/11/16 (30) 8/28/16 - 9/4/16 (35) 8/21/16 - 8/28/16 (18) 8/14/16 - 8/21/16 (19) 8/7/16 - 8/14/16 (3) 7/31/16 - 8/7/16 (3) 7/24/16 - 7/31/16 (3) 7/17/16 - 7/24/16 (5) 7/10/16 - 7/17/16 (20) 7/3/16 - 7/10/16 (10) 6/26/16 - 7/3/16 (17) 6/19/16 - 6/26/16 (14) 6/12/16 - 6/19/16 (9) 5/8/16 - 5/15/16 (1) 5/1/16 - 5/8/16 (2) 4/24/16 - 5/1/16 (6) 4/17/16 - 4/24/16 (2) 4/10/16 - 4/17/16 (1) 3/27/16 - 4/3/16 (3) 3/20/16 - 3/27/16 (10) 1/24/16 - 1/31/16 (5) 1/3/16 - 1/10/16 (1) 12/27/15 - 1/3/16 (17) 12/20/15 - 12/27/15 (9) 12/13/15 - 12/20/15 (2) 12/6/15 - 12/13/15 (6) 11/29/15 - 12/6/15 (13) 11/22/15 - 11/29/15 (19) 11/15/15 - 11/22/15 (46) 11/8/15 - 11/15/15 (13) 11/1/15 - 11/8/15 (27) 10/25/15 - 11/1/15 (6) 10/18/15 - 10/25/15 (7) 10/4/15 - 10/11/15 (12) 9/27/15 - 10/4/15 (12) 9/20/15 - 9/27/15 (14) 9/13/15 - 9/20/15 (7) 9/6/15 - 9/13/15 (1) 8/30/15 - 9/6/15 (3) 8/23/15 - 8/30/15 (5) 8/16/15 - 8/23/15 (11) 7/26/15 - 8/2/15 (9) 7/19/15 - 7/26/15 (3) 7/12/15 - 7/19/15 (12) 7/5/15 - 7/12/15 (19) 6/28/15 - 7/5/15 (7) 6/21/15 - 6/28/15 (1) 6/14/15 - 6/21/15 (10) 6/7/15 - 6/14/15 (11) 5/31/15 - 6/7/15 (1) 1/11/15 - 1/18/15 (1) 12/28/14 - 1/4/15 (7) 12/21/14 - 12/28/14 (4) 11/2/14 - 11/9/14 (6) 10/19/14 - 10/26/14 (7) 10/12/14 - 10/19/14 (7) 10/5/14 - 10/12/14 (8) 9/28/14 - 10/5/14 (6) 9/14/14 - 9/21/14 (15) 9/7/14 - 9/14/14 (18) 8/31/14 - 9/7/14 (14) 8/24/14 - 8/31/14 (7) 8/17/14 - 8/24/14 (25) 8/10/14 - 8/17/14 (11) 8/3/14 - 8/10/14 (11) 7/27/14 - 8/3/14 (23) 7/20/14 - 7/27/14 (10) 7/13/14 - 7/20/14 (16) 7/6/14 - 7/13/14 (8) 6/29/14 - 7/6/14 (15) 6/22/14 - 6/29/14 (11) 6/15/14 - 6/22/14 (27) 6/8/14 - 6/15/14 (34) 6/1/14 - 6/8/14 (50) 5/25/14 - 6/1/14 (19) 5/18/14 - 5/25/14 (30) 5/11/14 - 5/18/14 (29) 5/4/14 - 5/11/14 (37) 4/27/14 - 5/4/14 (45) 4/20/14 - 4/27/14 (19) 4/13/14 - 4/20/14 (31) 4/6/14 - 4/13/14 (14) 3/30/14 - 4/6/14 (32) 3/23/14 - 3/30/14 (32) 3/16/14 - 3/23/14 (31) 3/9/14 - 3/16/14 (29) 3/2/14 - 3/9/14 (19) 2/23/14 - 3/2/14 (27) 2/16/14 - 2/23/14 (37) 2/9/14 - 2/16/14 (41) 2/2/14 - 2/9/14 (54) 1/26/14 - 2/2/14 (65) 1/19/14 - 1/26/14 (58) 1/12/14 - 1/19/14 (41) 1/5/14 - 1/12/14 (61) 12/29/13 - 1/5/14 (49) 12/22/13 - 12/29/13 (25) 12/15/13 - 12/22/13 (63) 12/8/13 - 12/15/13 (67) 12/1/13 - 12/8/13 (78) 11/24/13 - 12/1/13 (92) 11/17/13 - 11/24/13 (92) 11/10/13 - 11/17/13 (49) 11/3/13 - 11/10/13 (4) 10/27/13 - 11/3/13 (15) 10/20/13 - 10/27/13 (12) 10/13/13 - 10/20/13 (19) 10/6/13 - 10/13/13 (19) 9/29/13 - 10/6/13 (31) 9/22/13 - 9/29/13 (18) 9/15/13 - 9/22/13 (28) 9/8/13 - 9/15/13 (1) 9/1/13 - 9/8/13 (28) 8/25/13 - 9/1/13 (55) 8/18/13 - 8/25/13 (34) 8/11/13 - 8/18/13 (27) 8/4/13 - 8/11/13 (53) 7/28/13 - 8/4/13 (38) 7/21/13 - 7/28/13 (22) 7/14/13 - 7/21/13 (5) 7/7/13 - 7/14/13 (17) 6/30/13 - 7/7/13 (9) 6/23/13 - 6/30/13 (35) 6/16/13 - 6/23/13 (48) 6/9/13 - 6/16/13 (33) 6/2/13 - 6/9/13 (77) 5/26/13 - 6/2/13 (66) 5/19/13 - 5/26/13 (53) 5/12/13 - 5/19/13 (64) 5/5/13 - 5/12/13 (26) 4/28/13 - 5/5/13 (88) 4/21/13 - 4/28/13 (1) 4/14/13 - 4/21/13 (50) 4/7/13 - 4/14/13 (67) 3/24/13 - 3/31/13 (1) 3/17/13 - 3/24/13 (43) 3/10/13 - 3/17/13 (119) 3/3/13 - 3/10/13 (154) 2/24/13 - 3/3/13 (142) 2/17/13 - 2/24/13 (17) 2/10/13 - 2/17/13 (1) 1/13/13 - 1/20/13 (7) 1/6/13 - 1/13/13 (77) 12/30/12 - 1/6/13 (59) 12/23/12 - 12/30/12 (22) 12/16/12 - 12/23/12 (37) 12/9/12 - 12/16/12 (71) 12/2/12 - 12/9/12 (138) 11/25/12 - 12/2/12 (157) 11/18/12 - 11/25/12 (75) 11/11/12 - 11/18/12 (84) 11/4/12 - 11/11/12 (67) 10/28/12 - 11/4/12 (11) 10/21/12 - 10/28/12 (53) 9/30/12 - 10/7/12 (5) 9/23/12 - 9/30/12 (30) 9/16/12 - 9/23/12 (43) 9/2/12 - 9/9/12 (19) 8/26/12 - 9/2/12 (93) 8/19/12 - 8/26/12 (46) 8/12/12 - 8/19/12 (12) 8/5/12 - 8/12/12 (11) 7/29/12 - 8/5/12 (3) 7/22/12 - 7/29/12 (58) 7/15/12 - 7/22/12 (200) 7/8/12 - 7/15/12 (82) 7/1/12 - 7/8/12 (29) 6/24/12 - 7/1/12 (14) 6/17/12 - 6/24/12 (9) 6/3/12 - 6/10/12 (16) 5/27/12 - 6/3/12 (107) 5/20/12 - 5/27/12 (12) 5/13/12 - 5/20/12 (19) 5/6/12 - 5/13/12 (13) 4/29/12 - 5/6/12 (54) 4/22/12 - 4/29/12 (22) 4/15/12 - 4/22/12 (50) 4/8/12 - 4/15/12 (2) 4/1/12 - 4/8/12 (42) 3/25/12 - 4/1/12 (54) 3/18/12 - 3/25/12 (46) 3/11/12 - 3/18/12 (11) 3/4/12 - 3/11/12 (4) 2/26/12 - 3/4/12 (144) 2/19/12 - 2/26/12 (191) 1/22/12 - 1/29/12 (6)
Tweets by @NigeriaNewsZone
Home Advertise Contact Us Privacy Policy


Ten of the album's 13 stellar compositions were collaborations with Michael Georgiades, who contributed to Hay's previous sets Gathering Mercury (2011) and American Sunshine (2009). The pair co-wrote two of the album's clear stand-outs, the pop vocal ballad "A Thousand Million Reasons" and the Americana leaning "Come Tumblin' Down." "Michael Georgiades is my secret weapon but I guess now with this album it's not a secret anymore," Hay jokes.
Though many music fans will be glad to see the end of 2016, it was something of a breakout year for this career artist that included a three-week run at the Edinburgh Fringe; performances on The Tonight Show With Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and ABC's Greatest Hits; sharing the stage with Of Monsters and Men, Milk Carton Kids, Choir Choir Choir!, Kings of Leon; being publicly cited as an influence by artists as distinct as James Hetfield of Metallica, Jeremiah Fraites of The Lumineers, Troy Sanders of Mastodon, and The Infamous Stringdusters; as well as the completion of a documentary film about his career entitled Waiting for My Real Life, named for one of his best known solo recordings. Now finding himself in the unprecedented place of having both '80s fame and indie credibility, it's possible that Hay has delivered the defining album of his solo career.


Is iTV the Best Solution?
Apple's forthcoming iTV promises to place all your digital media on your TV. But what if you don't want to wait months before enjoying your iTunes music and video or iPhoto pictures in your living room? And is iTV really worth the price? Ryan Faas looks at the options that exist right now and tells you why you might actually be able to spend less money and get a more rounded solution today.
The idea of the Mac as the heart of a home media center originated years ago when Steve Jobs first announced the idea of the Mac as a "digital hub" connecting you to your photos, music, and video content—and the devices that create and play all your digital media. However, the true potential of this concept is only now fully realized with the inclusion of Front Row on almost every Mac that has shipped in the past year. And also the preview of iTV, a set-top box due sometime in the first quarter of next year that promises to stream music, video, photos, and more directly to your TV. The three articles of this series examine how to expand on Apple's digital hub concept to create the best Mac media experience in every room of your house.
Apple's preview of the iTV in September illustrated some of its potential and its interface, but left many details to speculation. So let's examine the basic facts that Apple presented and that have slipped out from reliable sources. First, we know that iTV (or whatever Apple ends up officially naming the product) won't ship till sometime next year. Although many people expect it will be announced as a shipping product at MacWorld in January, there is no concrete evidence that this is the case. Apple has avoided making non-Mac specific announcements at MacWorld in recent years, so it's quite possible that we might not see the iTV release until a later press event. Saying quarter one 2007 could mean that we might not see it before the end of March, which gives Apple ample padding for any snags in the product's final development.
We also know that iTV will be managed almost exclusively by an Apple IR Remote and that it will feature an interface very similar to Front Row. In fact, one could easily speculate that its interface is actually Front Row 2, which is expected to ship with Mac OS X Leopard (also slated for release in the first quarter of 2007). Other facts that have come out indicate that iTV will be a single Mac solution, meaning that the setup of the unit is most likely done from a single Mac and that the Mac will be the only source of digital content that iTV can access. This prevents easy access to content on a broad range of computers.
Beyond the interface, we know the form factor (a half-height Mac mini enclosure) and the ports that it will include: HDMI, S-Video, Composite Video, digital optical and stereo component audio, Ethernet, and USB. The first three are for connecting to various video inputs of a television (be it analog or digital), the second for connecting to a home theatre stereo receiver or a television's audio input, and Ethernet for connecting to a wired home network (along with wireless connectivity of an unspecified variety).
No one is quite certain what the USB port is for, though there is speculation that it is for connecting external storage directly to the iTV unit, for future network peripherals, for a radio frequency or blue tooth remote receiver (which wouldn't require a line of site as Apple's IR remote does), or event for an alternate wired connection to a Mac or iPod. The last seems the most likely because it would provide a way to view content from an iPod not synced with the iTV host Mac.
We also know that the iTV will sport a small internal hard drive. This drive likely won't be used to actually store any digital content over the long term as an iPod does. Rather, it will probably be used as a buffer solution, storing content as it is streamed from the computer until either all the content is stored for playback (similar to how QuickTime and other video files embedded in a web page are downloaded to the browser cache and played from there after a significant portion has been received) or it will store just a segment of upcoming data to smooth out any potential jerkiness or stalling due to slow network performance.
Although this hasn't explicitly stated, it has been implied that iTV will enable streaming of content only in your iTunes and iPhoto libraries. This means that if you have video stored outside of iTunes or stored in formats that iTunes doesn't allow you to import (such as Windows Media and DivX), you won't be able to view it through iTV. Although in many cases, you will be able to convert content using the appropriate software (such as VisualHub), doing the conversion can be time-consuming and might not always be successful.
Finally, we know that the ultimate price of an iTV will be $299.


text:
Program 22: World War II/Total War
Donald L. Miller
Brinkley: World War II is thought of as the "good war."
Miller: World War II is such an enormous theater. I mean, you've got all the big figures.
Brinkley: One of the geniuses of Franklin Roosevelt is that ability to articulate what we're fighting for. He gave the four freedoms speech. We're fighting for freedom from fear, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom from want. All. Everywhere in the world.
Narrator: "World War II" on A Biography of America.
Miller: On the morning of December 7th, l941, a Japanese air armada attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, knocking out half the U.S. Navy in a few hours. The next day, President Franklin Roosevelt went before a joint session of Congress and got a declaration of war against Japan, a country in the grip of maniacal war lords.
Roosevelt: A date which will live in infamy.
Miller: Three days later, Hitler's Germany and Mussolini's Italy declared war on the United States. That week, the European war that had begun with the Nazi invasion of Poland became a world war. It was already a total war, a war waged against innocent women and children, as well as men in arms.
It would be America's first experience with this kind of warfare. In the Civil War, Union Generals Grant and Sherman had carried the fight to the homes and farms of the South, but civilians were rarely fired upon, except, as at Vicksburg, when trapped with armies in a siege situation. In World War II, civilians were deliberately attacked.
Japanese and Germans marked the way in l937: the Japanese with the Rape of Nanking, and the Germans, in the Spanish Civil War, with the bombing of Guernica, an atrocity captured on canvas with terrifying power by Pablo Picasso. In the ancient city of Nanking, Japanese soldiers shot, stabbed, beheaded, hung, castrated, and raped tens of thousands of non-resisting men, women and children, in what has been called a "Hidden Holocaust."
The world war that followed, two years later, was fought with vindictive fury by both sides. As Roosevelt assured the American people: "The militarists of Berlin and Tokyo started this war but the massed, angered forces of common humanity will finish it." And they did, annihilating from the air over fifty German and Japanese cities before dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August l945. In ending the war in this way, the United States began a new era in history, as well as in warfare.
Humankind's powers of reason and capacity for irrationality remained unchanged on the eve of World War II. What changed was the technology of destruction: ships and tanks and planes of prodigious power, a cascade of destructive force culminating in the atomic bomb.
World War II would be the most terrible war, maybe the most terrible catastrophe, in the history of humanity. Over 50 million people died, most of them civilians. Six million of them killed in a Holocaust that had no direct connection to the fighting. And over 400,000 American servicemen lost their lives as well.
World War II is so enormous in its scope and savagery, it's almost impossible to imagine, let alone encompass in a short lecture. What follows is less a lecture than a memory book, a series of story-telling snapshots which try to capture the war and what it meant to ordinary Americans who experienced it. This is about what happened to an aroused democracy, the most powerful on earth, when it was forced to wage a war it didn't desire, but chose to fight, without let-up, to the finish.
It's also a story that touched me personally. I was born too late to experience the war. But I grew up in a working class neighborhood of a Pennsylvania town in which nearly every young man served in the war, and dozens of women worked in war industries. My mother worked at Jacobs Aircraft, which produced parts for the planes for the air arm my father served in. And my grandfather worked in a steel mill that forged armaments for General George Patton's Army. That army swept across Europe and into Germany, where my Uncle John, serving as a GI in Patton's blitzkrieg, was captured as a prisoner of war. Before that, he had fought on Omaha Beach on D-Day.
Except for those like him who saw combat, Americans didn't directly experience the plague of war. We weren't invaded as other combatants were; nor were our great cities turned to rubble. America was the only country in the world to grow fatter, more prosperous during the war. Yet Americans at home did suffer. I'm not talking about the enforced rationing of butter, coffee, or gasoline. Minor inconveniences. I'm talking about the greatest sacrifice a family can make: the loss of a loved one. Engraved in my mind is the living room of our neighbors, the Adamses, turned for many years after the war into a shrine for the boy who never came back.
My father was President of The Catholic War Veterans Post that was named after Francis Adams. And it's there at the bar, over a number of years, that I coaxed and pulled stories of the war out of veterans who wanted to forget.
Then I starting reading the memoirs of men who had been in battle. One of these men is E.B. Sledge -- Sledgehammer to his old Marine Corps buddies. Historian Studs Terkel interviewed Sledge for his fabulous book, The Good War.
Sledge had this to say, "My parents taught me the value of history. During my third day overseas, I thought I should write all this down for my family. We were told diaries were forbidden because if we were killed or captured, any diary might give the Japanese information. So I kept little notes which I slipped into the pages of my Gideon's New Testament."
Later, Sledge transformed these slips of paper into the most searing account of war, "With the Old Breed at Peleleiu and Okinawa."
There was a lot of censorship in World War II, both of the letters of American servicemen and of the dispatches of war correspondents like the legendary Ernie Pyle. The military didn't want the folks at home to know how terrible the war was. And Pyle and his colleagues wanted to contribute to the war by bolstering home front morale, not by twisting the truth, but by not telling everything. Or as the playwright Arthur Miller says of Pyle, by telling "as much of what he saw as people could read without vomiting."
If memory and history are to be used for a better future, not simply to recreate the past, these stories, I think, are instructive. One problem historians have in re-creating the past is that readers know how it will turn out. So events often seem inevitable. But they're not. An Allied victory was not preordained. A thousand things could have gone wrong. Consider just one -- Nazi scientists, instead of ours, develop the atomic bomb.
In the spring of l942, in fact, it looked like the Allies might lose the war. Hitler was master of continental Europe and his armies were threatening Cairo and the Suez Canal. And Japan's empire dwarfed Hitler's. After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese overran the United States forces in the Philippines, forcing commander Douglas MacArthur to evacuate to the South Pacific, leaving his men in grisly prisoner of war camps. Then in a series of a lightning-like strikes, the Japanese gained control of almost one-seventh of the earth's surface, all of it in Asia and the Pacific.
Program 22 Home | Japanese American Internment | Key Events | Map | Transcript | Webography
A Biography of America Home | About | Credits | Help | Search | Site Map
Other Programs 1. New World Encounters 2. English Settlement 3. Growth and Empire 4. The Coming of Indep. 5. A New System of Govt. 6. Westward Expansion 7. The Rise of Capitalism 8. The Reform Impulse 9. Slavery 10. The Coming of the C.W. 11. The Civil War 12. Reconstruction 13. America at the Cent. 14. Industrial Supremacy 15. The New City 16. The West 17. Capital and Labor 18. TR and Wilson 19. A Vital Progressivism 20. The Twenties 21. FDR & the Depression 22. World War II 23. The Fifties 24. The Sixties 25. Contemporary History 26. The Redemptive Imag.
© 2000 WGBH Educational Foundation. All Rights Reserved.


Controlling gossip is essential to the successful management of a medical clinic.
Ignoring your medical practice's online presence is a prescription for disaster. Here are four tips on how to manage your medical practice's online reputation.
Keeping your nurses happy is one of the most important things you can do to keep your medical clinic running smoothly. Here are five ways to help your nurses and staff and improve your overall clinic.
What does a good team practice relationship look like? PA practice itself is uniquely influenced by the quality of the team that PAs work within. In this post we share a few thoughts on effective PA/Physician teams.
There's been a disaster — a flood, a fire, a hurricane. Sure, things will return to normal someday, but your economic survival depends upon how quickly you can get back in the flow. Here's how to prepare your practice for the next natural disaster.
We talked with Melissa Emkes of Carle Foundation Hospital and asked her about how she utilizes PAs and the unique benefits they bring to a facility. Read her thoughts follow along with advice on making the most of hiring a PA.
Physician recruiters are not all the same. The best ones work hard both before and after the deal is made to make sure all parties are happy.
Medical professionals often find themselves performing far more duties than just patient care. This article shows ways to alleviate the stress of administration for physicians and other healthcare professionals.
Getting set up on social media may seem like a daunting project, but it doesn't have to be.
Is your healthcare facility toxic? Here are five ways to impact your healthcare employees' attitude.
Use short, targeted job titles to highlight the specific job seeker type, specialty and discipline.
Daily headlines in newspapers and on websites across the nation and around the Internet seem to inspire and anger and it's only natural that politics is a topic on everyone's mind.


In order to obtain Melendy Reclining Loveseat By Red Barrel Studio , try to find high quality wooden joinery. If your part is fixed jointly or maybe fingernails and anchoring screws are utilized to keep the furniture piece with each other, it will not final lengthy. It is advisable to spend more to obtain a Melendy Reclining Loveseat By Red Barrel Studio with many outstanding hardwood joinery work on it. Definitely check out the legs for any Melendy Reclining Loveseat By Red Barrel Studio you are looking for getting. Those thighs need to have not only to assistance bodyweight, they'll also be in contact with your floor coverings. Should they look like they'll do problems for your surface due to supplies applied (like metal), then you might want to opt for a various style. When selecting Melendy Reclining Loveseat By Red Barrel Studio for the living area, choose simple hues. You may modify the colours and other decor of your room by altering accents, paint as well as other stuff. As a result, you can easily alter up the look of your family room without spending lots of money.
Everybody appreciates being soaked on your sofa when you relax. This recommends the comfort and also the nature of the sofas are important. Nobody likes to sit on a menacing and unpleasant sofa with frayed furniture. Actually, couches are costly. If you are searching for the most comfortable and comfy cars, in those days you have to purchase them. I have seen frequently that people purchase the incorrect couch and after emptying your bank account onto it. Why? Basically, they don't understand how to pick the fantastic Ashley furniture couch in the best way. Remember that the higher the cost, it always does not provide you with the CORRECT item. With this situation, we've found a portion of the greatest couches for any comfy mood. We advise you understand before getting to the extremely rich furniture stores. You'll avoid problems and a bit of "grieve more than fortune-misfortune".
I purchased my furniture right here and that i experienced the very best experience of any Melendy Reclining Loveseat shop. I returned and wound up buying our kitchen island along with a upper body for no more my house Melendy Reclining Loveseat. I shopped the prices and located this area could not be matched up. Joe am experienced and with no stress to purchase like other stores. I send this place to all my family and friends. I just can't say sufficient great things about The furniture Post and May well....both you and your location are terrific.
Excellent customer support, I had been assisted by Austin and that he was really pleasant and there was no stress, he was individual and clarified my questions. There's a decent amount to choose from and a lot of the couches are fully customizable and I was able to personalize my couch to suit completely within my home. And the cost is ideal for what I selected. General great experienc, I have no issues.


I just had dinner with the extended clan at Y2K. It's a family favorite – my dad is a huge fan of their low MSG and salt style of cooking. The chef comes out with dishes really fast too, probably due to the relative lack of customers.
The restaurant next door is more popular since Y2K is priced slightly higher. A meal would probably cost a bit more for the exact same dishes but I doubt the proprietors care much. They have their loyal regulars…and Y2K is entirely family run.
The cook and his wife maintains the nitty gritty stuff while the new generation – the son and his wife, pictured above, runs the front end customer service.


text:
The well-being of our clients and staff is our priority. Due to COVID-19 we are responding and cooperating in line with Qld Government Covid-19 updates.
From 1am Tuesday 29 June 2021, masks must be worn at all True Clinics, offices and training venues until further notice. Social distancing and infectious disease protocols are as per the latest restrictions. For information on any of True's services and latest COVID-19 updates - https://bit.ly/3w06e65
True is proud to be the leading provider of reproductive and sexual health education and training in Queensland. We offer a wide range of certificate and non-certificate courses through our Clinical Education Unit (CEU), delivering professional development and training to doctors, nurse practitioners, midwives and nurses on sexual and reproductive health topics. Training is delivered via mixed mode offerings enabling access by regional, rural and remote health professionals.
Being able to access support, training and advice by health professionals is crucial in providing quality reproductive and sexual health services. The Clinical Education Unit provides training in the Family Planning Alliance Australia (FPAA) Certificate in Reproductive and Sexual Health for Doctors, Implanon NXT® training, IUD insertion training, genital dermatology, sexually transmissible infections (STIs), and cervical screening training.
True's CEU specialises in:-
Education for health professionals
Education with a focus on sexual and reproductive health
Informed best practice
Evidence-based education
Improving health literacy
Knowledge and clinical skills to service the community
Queensland Health funded programs.
True's Clinical Education Unit has access to expert clinicians to deliver courses in a range of sexual and reproductive health topics. With support from RAGCP, ACRRM, FPAA, as well as Queensland Health, many of these courses contribute to CPD points and enable clinicians to upskill in this specialised area.
For information and course details, search the Clinical Education Unit's course catalogue for your area of interest.
Training for Health Professionals
True's Clinical Education team delivers a range of sexual and reproductive health training to doctors, nurses and clinicians. Read more
Updated: 23rd June, 2021
True delivers a range of courses to support CPD in reproductive and sexual health for health practitioners. Read more
Published: 6th April, 2021
True's podcast series covers reproductive, sexual and preventive health, supporting professionals in their ongoing care of the community. Read more
Published: 3rd February, 2020
Updated: 28th June, 2021


AMAZON NAVIGON Europe Cracked APK on-board navigation for Europe. NAVIGON Europe for Underground and its included In-App functionalities represent a value of more than 130 Euro. NAVIGON wishes you a lot of fun from your navigation – whether in the car, on a bike or on foot!
Transform your Android smartphone into a fully functional mobile navigation system, with no need for a permanent data connection. By downloading NAVIGON Europe you will benefit from the full functionality of the same, well-known paid App version – just completely for free, including its useful In-App Purchases!
Rooted devices and such which do not use a Google certified Android OS are not supported!
Onboard map material: only carry the road maps on your smartphone that you really need. Thus you save memory space and can navigate even when no internet connection is available.
Intelligent address entry*: thanks to the first-class, simplified address entry, which can be operated using the keypad or via voice input, you'll find your destination quicker than ever before.
Precise voice commands, including street names: just concentrate on driving the car.
The latest traffic reports*: avoid annoying traffic jams automatically.
Hazard warnings*: you can choose to receive alerts of danger spots such as mobile speed traps.
Real signage and road sign displays: you always have an overview thanks to photo-realistic views of junctions and road signs.
Dynamic lane assistant: at junctions where the exit is unclear or on motorway exits, be guided into the right lane every time.
Speed assistant: NAVIGON warns you visually or audibly if you are exceeding the posted speed limit.
Optimal route: choose the right option for you, from up to three suggested routes.
Expanded pedestrian navigation: navigate to your destination on foot as well – or use Urban Guidance* if you also want to include public transport.
Many other features, like 3D maps showing mountains and valleys, Cockpit and much more.
To be able to provide you with the latest reports at all times, some functions require an internet connection (e.g. traffic reports or speed camera alerts). However, the navigation system itself, including address search, speed display, driving lane assistant and much more, does not require the internet.
This version with all maps may require up to 2.4GB of free memory (depending on the number of countries you select). Please ensure to have sufficient mass-storage space available. The map material must be downloaded after installing the app via WiFi (WLAN). Please ensure a reliable and safe connection is available.


The mission of the Full Stack Java Developer is to help with the technical design and development of the SocialBee web app.
They will deal with all technical areas of the SocialBee product, from UI to backend to scalability to releases and deployments.
They will help improve the platform and continuously keeping it up-to-date, considering cutting edge technologies.
Is this a great match?


text:
Scientific Times
College Papers For Sale Online
Energy utilized as a conservation method [1]. Dried mint
Energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying of mint in a forced solar dryer
This manuscript is about the energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying procedure of mint by means of forced solar dryer. After the first law of thermodynamics was employed, energy analysis was conducted to predict the rates of energy usage and the amounts of energy achievement from the solar air collector. Nevertheless, by applying the second law of thermodynamics, exergy analysis was performed to find out exergy losses at the time of drying process. The drying experiments were carried out at three different drying mass flow stages altering between 0.012 kg/sn and 0.033 kg/sn. The influences of inlet air velocity and drying duration on not only energy but also exergy was investigated. As a conclusion, It was found out that both energy usage ratio and exergy loss dropped causing an increase in drying mass flow rate while the exergetic efficiency increased.
Key words : Energy analysis, Exergy analysis, Thin layer drying, Forced solar dryer, Mint.
It is frequently accepted that mint is harvested by laying a sheet on the ground. This is because of the fact that It contains high level of moisture. Due to short season and the vulnerability of the plant to storage, drying is often utilized as a conservation method 1. Dried mint is generally used in food and beverages; and spread over salads. Drying process is described as removing moisture from the products and is one of the most important processes for conserving agrarian products because it has a signigicant influence on the charactersic of the dried crops. It has been long known that in preservation of food fruit and vegatable drying is one of the most commonly used mothods. What is intended in drying agricultural crops is to reduce the moster content in them, which allows them to be stored in safe for longer period. Drying the crops via solar means is most commonly used method both in Turkey and all over the world to establish convenient preservation conditions for agricultural crops.
Nevertheles, the process mentioned above has a few problems such as contamination of the crops of dust, soil, sand particles and even insects2.
Though solar drying has a lot of disadvantages, it is still widely made use in many parts of the world. Since it possesses the properties such as being abundant, inexhaustible, renewable, cheap and non-pollutant, energy obtained from the sun a very important alternative energy. A short time ago, a number of independent studies about mathematical modelling and drying kinetics of vegatables, fruits and agrobased products were carried out by many researchers such as those concerning with pistachio3,22, carrots4, potatoes and apples5, red peppers6, figs7, crop8, mulberry 2,9,10, mint leaves11,27, hazel nut12, grapes 13,24,25,26, apricot14, silk cocoon23.
It was proved that Mathematical models were very useful in both design and analysis of the mass and heat transfer process during drying.
Thermodynamic analysis, especially exergy analysis, turned out to be an necessary tool for design, analysis and optimization of thermal system15. When it comes to equilibrium with a reference environment, Exergy is defined as the maximum amount of work producible by a stream of matter, heat or work 16. The objective in the process of drying is to use the least amount of energy for the highest level of moisture removal, which is desired in final conditions of crop. Up until now a lot of investigations have been carried out about exergy analyses of food drying. However, an extensive literature review carried out for the present study shows that there is no subtle evidence on energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying process of mint by means of forced solar dryer. For this reason, this paper, since it is different from other studies, focuses on energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying of mint by means of forced solar type dryer by employing the first and second law of thermodynamics. It is believed that a study of this kind will have great contribution to mint producers as it removes their problems about energy and exergy all the way through the drying process. The initial objective of the study is to display energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying of mint under various conditions of drying mass flow rates in a forced solar dryer. Similar to many other significiant studies on drying process via energy and exergy analysis, the study below may as well be submitted. The energy and exergy analyses of the drying process of shelled and unshelled pistachios were conducted by Midilli and Kucuk 17 by using solar drying cabinet. Furthermore, a new model for thermodynamic analysis of drying process was developed by Dincer and Sahin 15. Akpinar18 carried out energy and exergy analyses of drying of red pepper slices by means of convective type dryer.
In a tray dryer, an exergy analysis of thin layer drying of green olive was performed by Colak and Hepbasli 19. Akpinar et al. 20 applied the first and second law analyses of thermodynamic to drying process of pumpkin.
Under three different air temperatures, Corzo et al. 21 carried out energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying of coroba slices.
2. Material and methods
Because of its geographical location in the Mediterranean Region (36º and 42º North latitudes), Turkey has abundant solar energy potential. The sunshine period in Turkey is 2624 h/year. The maximum period of 365 h/month is in July and the minumum of 103 h/month is in December. The average solar radiation intensity is approximately 3.67 kWh/m2 day.
The solar cabinet dryer was mounted in the garden of Technical Education Faculty of Firat University, Elaz??, Turkey. The solar drying experiments were conducted from August to September in 2005. Starting at 09:00 am, each test continued until 17:00 pm. In this process, mint drying was performed in solar cabinet dryer.
In Fig. 1 a and b, a schematic diagram and a photograph view of the solar dryer system are presented, respectively. This system consists of basically four subsytems; they are (a) drying cabinet, (b) solar air collector, (c) air fan and AC hertz converter (d) data logger. The following data were recorded at 15 min. intervals in these experiments: weather temperature, inlet and outlet temperature of solar collector and dryer, temperature of the mint center, relative humidity just above the mint bed surface and solar radiation. While measuring the temperatures, T Type copper-constant thermocouples were connected to a ZA9000FST connector element to 5990-0 Almemo digital data logger, with reading accuracy of ± 0.1 ºC. A thermo anemometer (FVA645TH3) was employed to measure air speed, with reading 0.1-15 m/s range. By means of FDA612MR pressure module, pressure drop in the collector was calculated. Mass loss of the mint was recorded during drying process to determine the drying curves by FKA0251 strain strengetch within the measurement range of 0.02-10 kN with an accuracy of 0.01 kN. The solar radiation was computed with the help of Kipp and Zonen solarimeter during the operation period of drying system. Fresh mint was bought from a local market in Elaz??, Turkey. All data were gathered by employing Almemo 5990-0 data logger interfaced to the personal computer; afterwards, they were recoerded at 15 min. time intervals. Before the sample was placed in the dryer, in order to obtain calibration, the drying system was operated for at least 60 min.. In the solar dryer system, there was a centrifugal fan used for blowing air into the solar collector through an 82 mm diameter flexible aluminum duct. Since AC hertz converter was used, the mass air flow could be controlled. With 1.2 x 0.74 x 0.74 m dimensions, the inner chamber of the dryer unit was made of a 0.8 mm thick stainless steel sheet which was respectively enclosed in an outer chamber of 1.5 x 0.75 x 0.75 m made of stainless steel sheet as well. Polystyrene insulating materials were filled in the space between the two chambers for a quality insulating.
After the air had left the heating chamber, it passed through a (0.3 x 0.2 x 0.2 m) chimney chamber allowing it to mix and have a uniform temperature before entering into the drying chamber. In the experiments, fresh mint with an average first moisture content of about 0.3 kg of water/kg of dry solids was used; it was put in the dryer. Before the experiment, no treatment was carried out on fresh mint.
3.Analysis
In first and second law analyses of thermodynamics, it was considered that the drying process was a steady flow one. The basic point of these analyses is the cases of thermodynamics of damp air.
3.1. The first law analysis
Within the context of the first law of thermodynamics, in order to determine a lot more about energy issues and behaviour of drying air by means of forced solar dryer, an energy analysis of the thin layer drying process about mint is conducted. The air conditioning process from the beginning till the end of the mint drying comprises heating, cooling and humidification processes. In reality, this process can be defined as steady flow processes analyzed by using the steady flow conservation of mass and conservation of energy principles.
For the energy and exergy analyses of the thin layer drying process, the equations below are generally used to calculate mass conservation of the drying air and moisture, the energy conservation of the process and relative humidity and enthalpy of the drying air.
General equation of mass conservation of drying air:
General equation of mass conservation of moisture:
General equation of energy conservation:
The alterations in kinetic energy of the fan were taken into consideration, on the other hand potential and kinetic energy in other parts of the process were neglected:
Where w shows the particular humidity, P atmospheric pressure, [email protected] the saturated vapour pressure of the drying air.
The enthalpy of the drying air can be established as below:
It is presumed that there is no heat loss from the beginning until the end of the connection pipe from the fan to the solar collector to determine the outlet conditions of the solar collector, and hence, the inlet conditions of the solar collector are almost equal to the outlet conditions of the fan as stated in equations (7):
It is possible that the energy conveyed to the drying air from the solar collector be computed by using the values of both outlet and inlet temperatures of the solar collector via following equation:
It is obvious that some small heat losses occur between the solar collector outlet and dryer inlet when temperature measurements are taken. Due to the heat losses in this section of the system, it should certainly be stressed that solar collector outlet conditions are not equal to dryer inlet conditions.
Therefore, the amount of heat losses across the connection pipe between the solar collector and dryer can be predicted as in the following equation:
During the dehumidification process in drying chamber, the heat which is used can be estimated by using the equation below and psychrometric chart:
Energy utilization ratio of the drying chamber (EUR) was computed during this drying process by using the equation below:
3.2. The second law analysis
With in the context of the second law analysis, the whole exergy inflow, outflow and losses of the forced solar dryer were predicted. The fundamental procedure for exergy analysis of the drying chamber is to find out the exergy values at steady state points and reason of exergy variations for the process. Using the characteristics of the working medium from a first law energy balance, the exergy values are computed. To this end, the general form of exergy equation applicable for steady flow systems was used17.
where the subscript ? denotes the reference conditions. There are various types of this general exergy equation. Some, but not all, of the terms shown in Eq. (12) are utilized in the analyses of many systems. As exergy is energy easy to obtain from any source, the terms can be build up by using electrical current flow, magnetic fields, and diffusional flow of materials. A general simplification is to replace enthalpy for the internal energy and PV terms that are feasible to steady flow systems. Eq. (12) is frequently employed under the conditions where the gravitational and momentum terms are not taken into consideration. In addition to all these, the pressure alterations in the system are also neglected because of V=V?.
In such a case, Eq.(12) is derived as:
Putting Eq.(13) into action, the inflow and outflow of exergy can be found out based on the inlet and outlet temperatures of the drying chamber. Then, by employing Eq.(14), the exergy losses from the beginning until the end of the drying process are determined.
The equation of exergy inflow for the drying chamber can be stated as follows:
where cpda is the average spesific heat of the drying air. Nevertheless, the equation of exergy outflow can also be written as;
Eventually, the amount of exergy loss is computed by employing Eq.(14). The exergetic efficiency can be described as the ratio of the exergy which is used in drying the product exergy to exergy inflow for the drying chamber. However, this case is made clear as the ratio of the exergy outflow to the exergy inflow for the drying chamber. Taking this definition into consideration, the exergetic efficiency of drying chamber can be predicted. Therefore, the common form of the exergetic efficiency is scripted down as in the following equation17;
It was summer season, from August to September 2005, when drying experiments were carried out in Elaz??, Turkey. During the experiments of thin layer mint drying by means of forced solar dryer, the alteration of solar radiation was between 125 W/m2 and 750 W/m2. The maximum temperature was recorded at 11.00 and 15.00. The maximum solar radiation energy was found to be at midday on the other hand the minimum value was in the evening on the day when we executed the experiment. Using data from the results of the experiments and values obtained out of these computing that were demonstrated in Figs. 3-4-5-6-7-8, and argued in detail, the energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying process of mint via forced solar dryer were performed.
4.1. Moisture content
As a function of drying duration for mass flow rates 0.012 kg/s, 0,026 kg/s and 0,033 kg/s, the moisture variations content are shown in Fig. 2. As the moisture content of mint in the solar type dryer reduces, the moisture diffusion from the mint into the air lessens as well. It is possible to observe that the relative humidity in the drying air decreases parallel to the moisture content in mint.
4.2. Energy analysis
By using data which were obtained from forced solar dryer experiments, the energy analysis of thin layer drying process of mint was carried out. Figs. 3-4-5 display the results of the energy analysis of thin layer drying process of mint by means of forced solar dryer. The values of energy utilization in the drying chamber were computed by using Eq.(10). EUR, which was calculated via Eq.(11), was described as the ratio of the energy utilization to the energy that was given from solar collector. Upmost values of Qcol and Qdc were obtained as 445.6 W and 344.7 W when mass flow rates were 0.012 kg/s during 480 minute experiment producure, respectively.
At the same time, Fig. 3 demonstrates the energy utilization ratio (EUR) variations of drying process for 0.012 kg/s mass flow rate. It was seen that EUR presented differences between 10.4 % and 87.1% during experiments. Fig. 4 displays the values of Qcol, Qdc and EUR for 0.026 kg/s mass flow rate of drying air. Maximum values of Qcol and Qdc were found out as 623.4 W and 416.5 W with mass flow rate 0.026 kg/s during 390 minute for experiments, respectively.
However, Fig. 4 exhibits the variations of the EUR ranging from 12.5% to 54.75% in drying chamber during experiments.
Fig. 5 shows the results of the energy analysis of drying process for the mass rates 0.033 kg/s. It was found out that Qcol and EUR ranging from 326.22 W to 705.82 W, 7.9 % and 33.66%, respectively. Upmost value of Qdc was obtained as 382,34 W via mass flow rates of 0.033.
The average values of EUR for 0.012, 0.026 and 0.033 mass flow rates of drying air were found out as % 87.1, %54.75, %33.66, respectively. These values demonstrate that EUR of drying chamber dropped with the increase of mass flow rate of drying air.
4.3. Exergy analysis
The exergy analysis of thin layer drying process of mint by means of forced solar dryer was conducted using data that were obtained from the drying experiments. It is likely that the values of ExL and ?Ex for each mass flow ratio of drying air be seen in Figs. 6-7-8. In the drying experiments with three different mass flow rates which were carried out, exergy loss in the drying chamber rose during the first 300 min., and after that displayed a decaying behaviour. Clearly, as a result of the alterations in the solar radiation, such a time variation of the exergy loss came in existence.
The average values of ExL for 0.012, 0.026 and 0.033 kg/s mass flow rates of drying air were calculated as 16.22 W, 8.2 W, 6.88 W, respectively. Maximum value of exergy loss was found out when the mass flow rate was 0.012 kg/s. The lowest value of exergy was calculated with a mass flow rate of 0.033 kg/s. These values demonstrate that the exergy loss was lessened with increase of the mass flow rate of the drying air. Moreover, it is probable to state that the amount of radiation influenced exergy loss. Furthermore, the exergetic efficiencies of the drying chamber are displayed in Figs. 6-7-8. Employing Eq.(15) depending on the inflow, outflow and loss of exergy, the exergetic efficiency was computed for each mass flow rate of drying air. The exergetic efficiency of the drying chamber rose with the drop in temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the dryer chamber.
The exergetic efficiency values with a mass flow rate of 0.012 kg/s were obtained as 33.88 – %75.6 in the experiments. Nevertheless, for 0.026 kg/s mass flow rate of the drying air, the exergetic efficiency changed from %46.44 to %71.22. The exergetic efficiencies displayed a difference between %40.1 and % 68.23 for 0.033 kg/s drying air mass flow rate. These values demonstrate that the exergetic efficiency of the drying chamber dropped while the energy gained from the solar collector was efficiently utilized.
5.Conclusions
The impact of connective solar dryer on drying of mint at three different mass flow rates was investigated one after the other. The duration of drying lessened considerably when the mass flow rate rose.
The drying process came in existence in failing rate period. Energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying process of mint were conducted within the framework of this study by means of forced solar type dryer. When the outcomes from these analyses are taken into consideration, the following statements may be concluded.
– The mint samples were dried adequately till final moisture content of nearly 0.08 kgwater / kgdry matter was obtained at the ranges from 0.012 to 0.033 drying air mass flow rates during 300-480 min. and under 125 W/m2- 750 W/m2 solar radiation.
– It is possible to state that the energy received from the solar collector rose with the increase of the mass flow rate of drying air.
– The energy received from the solar collector was efficiently utilized for drying chamber when the energy utilization ratio (EUR) went up. As a crucial note, it is stated that the energy utilization ratio would be presumed as a significant parameter to analyze the utilization of energy in thin layer drying process.
– The exergy loss fell down with the rise of the mass flow rate of drying air. Moreover, it will be possible to be said that the value of radiation influenced the exergy loss. Great number of the exergy losses occurred for the 0.012 kg/s mass flow rate.
– So as to lower the energy utilization in drying chamber, an optimization investigation must be conducted leading for the betterment of collector productivity using various hinderences in the air flow duct to increase the heat transfer area.
– As a result, it is recommended that the layout, structure and moisture content of the products in the drying chamber be taken into consideration to lower the energy utilization and exergy losses.
– It is essential to display the alterations of exergy with drying time to determine when and where the maximum and minumum values of the exergy losses occurred at the time the drying process.
– Drying mint in natural environment lasted nearly 930 minutes for zero mass change for natural drying before the process of drying was commenced with the help of solar air collectors. When these data were examined, it is easy to see that drying process lasted about two days. The moisture content of mint is 3.55 maximum. Drier air has a major effect on the flow of moisture content alterations over time: m = 0.012 kg / h for 480 minutes for the moisture content, m = 0.026 kg / s for 390 minutes, and m = 0.033 kg/s is nearly zero to 300 per minute.
Internet services and devices which are connected via a
The covering the initial cost of the solar system,
1. / emission requirements. An added benefit to catering
DRY their vacuum cleaners to figure out which of
Environmental fee for 8 districts in Bangkok, where located
Pisang kadar air pada bahan. Pada proses pembuatan tepung,
Posted on August 17, 2019 August 2, 2019 / 0	Categories	Papers
Previous PostGraduating she decided to take a gap-year. But even
Next PostThe low probability of error, the transmission rate R
I'm Eunice!


Abbey has lengthened the bonus period for new customers who open a 50+ Saver Account.
From today (October 1st), Abbey will give a 0.5 per cent bonus on interest for the first 12 months that the account is open.
The high street bank said that the decision to extend the offer was due to a continuing high demand for this particular product and will ensure that customers benefit from the bonus period.
Until July 1st, 2008, rates connected with the account will match any increase in the Bank of England base rate.
Abbey's head of savings, Reza Attar-Zadeh, commented: "The 50+ Saver account offers the over-50s an excellent, straightforward savings account with an attractive rate, instant access and availability via phone, internet, ATM or post."
Recently, Abbey introduced a new short-term, internet-only savings bond which gives 6.6 per cent gross per annum and 6.77 per cent AER.


text:
Emrah Klimenta (; Rožaje, RS de Montenegro, Yugoslavia; 13 de febrero de 1991) es un futbolista montenegrino. Juega de defensa o centrocampista y su equipo actual es el San Diego Loyal SC de la USL Championship de Estados Unidos.

Trayectoria
Creció en los Estados Unidos, y comenzó a jugar fútbol en este país. Aunque a nivel juvenil pasó por los clubes europeos del MŠK Žilina y el FC Ingolstadt 04, antes de regresar a Norteamérica y jugar por el Bay Area Ambassadors de la NPSL.

En marzo de 2014, Klimenta se unió al Sacramento Republic FC de la USL luego de una exitosa prueba. En este club comenzó a jugar de defensa.

En enero de 2018 fichó por el LA Galaxy de la MLS. Fue liberado del club en junio de 2018 y regresó a Sacramento.

El 4 de abril de 2019 fichó por el Reno 1868 de la USL.

El 14 de diciembre de 2019 fichó por el San Diego Loyal SC, nuevo equipo de la USL para la temporada 2020.

Selección nacional
En mayo de 2016 recibió su primer llamado a la , y debutó internacionalmente el 29 de mayo contra . Con esto, Klimenta es el primer jugador del Sacramento Republic en ser llamado a su selección siendo jugador del club.

Estadísticas
 Actualizado al último partido disputado el 12 de marzo de 2020.

Vida personal
Klimenta nació en  Rožaje, Montenegro, durante la época de la Yugoslavia socialista. Junto a su familia migró a Mainz, Alemania, y en 1999 se fueron a los Estados Unidos. En América vivió en Oakland, California, y luego se mudó a Walnut Creek, California.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Emrah Klimenta en Soccerway
 Emrah Klimenta en la USL Championship
 Emrah Klimenta en Twitter

Futbolistas de Montenegro
Futbolistas de California
Futbolistas del Sacramento Republic FC
Futbolistas del Los Angeles Galaxy
Futbolistas del LA Galaxy II
Futbolistas del Reno 1868 FC
Futbolistas del San Diego Loyal SC
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Montenegro


text:
Center for Connected and Automated Transportation > Events > Past Events > Distinguished Lecture Series with Jaime Waydo
Distinguished Lecture Series with Jaime Waydo
Speaker(s): Jaime Waydo, Chief Technology Officer (CTO) — Cavnue
Presentation Title: The Future of Mobility & Connected Transportation with Smart Infrastructure
Date/Time: Wednesday, September 15th | 2:00 PM ET
Professional Development Hours (PDH): 1
Abstract: Cavnue was founded with the vision of bringing mobility to everyone. In order to do that, we must expand the autonomous driving capabilities of vehicles beyond where they are today. We believe that simplifying road designs and connecting vehicles to the infrastructure will be an important element in bringing autonomous technology to scale and making safer roads for everyone.
Billions have been invested to date, yet all we see are a few autonomous vehicle pilots running in cities across the country. How will fully driverless cars change mobility forever? What makes the technology so hard? How will connected vehicles and smart infrastructure play a part in bringing this technology to the world? This talk will create a conversation around these questions.
Speaker Bio: Jaime Waydo is the Chief Technology Officer for Cavnue, where she oversees the Product, Technology, and Engineering teams. She is responsible for developing the technology stack to accelerate deployment of fully autonomous driving and to support existing routes and drivers with increased safety and innovation. Jaime comes to Cavnue from Apple, where she served as a Senior Engineer. Previously Jaime led systems engineering at Waymo (Google's Self Driving Car program) and helped launch driverless operations in Austin, Texas and Phoenix, Arizona. Jaime's early career included work at NASA on the Mars Rover Curiosity. She earned her Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Montana State University and a Master's degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from UCLA.


Designed to fit2007-2013 GMC Sierra 15002008-2014 GMC Sierra 2500HD | 3500HDSL | SLE | SLT | WT | Denali | XFEStandard Cab | Extended Cab | Crew CabNot Compatible with 2007 Classic Body Style ModelsNot Compatible with 2014 New Body Style ModelsProduct FeatureSterling Chrome EditionCrystal Clear Lens Matched with a Metallic Chrome Housing.Generic V.S. OEM PartsQuality Generic Branded Lights that are Identical to OEM Lights. Fairly Priced without Compromising Safety.Plug & Play ReadySimple, Quick, Easy. Just plug your factory harness into our light's plug and you are ready to install.Triple Layer ProtectionTriple-layered coating that combats the debris, UV Rays, and weather your vehicle faces every day.100% Street Legal, SAE DOT ApprovedUS Department of Transportation and Society of Automotive Engineers certified products. Our products meet all regulation standards in USA & Canada.
-Lug Height: 1.9" inches tall -Thread Size: 14X1.5 This style of lug nut is used on aftermarket wheels with exposed lug nuts or with limited lug hole clearance. COMPATIBLE WITH AFTERMARKET WHEELS MADE FOR CONE SEAT LUGS. Fits Aftermarket Wheels. All of our Lugs are made of the Highest quality steel. They are secured with a 60 degree tapered cone seat for snug secure fit. The mirror like finish will stand up to the elements and stay bright and shiny with proper up keep. Please know your receiving some of the HIGHEST QUALITY product the market has to offer, BUY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Single din installation kit for select 1995-2005 Chevrolet and GMC trucks. Kit includes: radio housing & radio housing trim plate. Designed and manufactured with precision tolerances, resulting in a gapless fit between the dash and the kit.
Driver and Passenger Fog LightsFeatures - SAE StampedFitmentGMC Sierra Pickup Truck 2005 2006GMC Sierra Pickup Truck (Classic ONLY) 2007QualityUnless noted otherwise, these are new aftermarket parts. They align with Original Equipment (OE) specifications and act as a direct replacement for the factory part. They will fit and function as the original factory part did.See Seller details for available warranty, return policy and more.
You get both sides, new in box, ready to weld in. Measures about 17 1/2 high X 29 1/2 wide and covers to the back of the cab. Parts come to you in a black shipping primer, and ready to install!
Shopping Results for "Gmc Truck Aftermarket"


Hard to believe its been over 6 months since I finally decided to buy into the IoT hype train and pick up my own Raspberry PI, to try my hand at creating some useful IoT-ish experiments of my own. I'd like to say its been interesting just tinkering around and seeing what the possibilities are, but thus far I've really only been scratching the surface and playing around mostly with the software and on-board peripherals side of the PI's capabilities, which is really only half of its true potential.
One of the biggest strengths of the Raspberry PI and similar "open hardware" Microprocessor platforms (Arduino, BeagleBoard, etc) is that they enable you to connect what is essentially a "cheap but fully-funtional computer" to the broader physical world. In the Raspberry PI's architecture, this takes the form of the GPIO expansion slot, which stands for General Purpose Input Output and as the name suggests, provides a number of raw inputs/outputs to be used by ambient sensors (temperature, pressure, air, water, motion, etc) in the more complex use-cases and basic indicators like lights (LEDs), speakers, etc in the more straightforward use-cases.
If you are like me, coming from a predominantly software-based development background, and as we are in the software world often far removed from the "nuts and bolts" of the systems we build thanks to high-level programming languages, levels of abstraction and working mostly in the "application layer" of the OSGI stack; then even setting up the basic use-cases with a blinking light can seem a little daunting at first. This is compounded by the stories online of people who admit they really didn't know what they were doing (and sometimes even of those who did) and managed to make a little mistake somewhere which resultied in frying their entire PI due to incorrectly wired circuits, overloading with incorrect power supplies/balances, or in some cases even static electricity introduced by an improper work surface not properly grounded.
To help anyone in a similar situation I will attempt to share the few things I've picked up in the first few weeks of owning a hardware kit for my Raspberry PI, and some experiments/resources that can come in handy for learning to teach yourself, which is arguably the most important skill of all.


text:
Story Crafts: The Snowy Day
January 28, 2020, 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
« Block and Roll
Let's Make Greeting Cards »
Ages 3-6.
Get inspired by your favorite children's books! Join us for a story followed by a special craft inspired by the book!
Arts & Crafts, Storytimes
https://berwynlibrary.libcal.com/
Berwyn Public Library
2701 S. Harlem Ave.
Berwyn, IL 60402 United States
Museum of Contemporary Art Free Day
An event every week that begins at 10:00 am on Tuesday, repeating until March 29, 2023
February 1, 9:30 am - 10:00 am
An event every week that begins at 9:30 am on Wednesday, repeating until March 22, 2023
Lizzadro Museum of Lapidary Art Museum Free Day
An event every week that begins at 10:00 am on Wednesday, repeating until April 27, 2023
Hot Chocolate Storytime
Bubbles Family Storytime