SNP have been supplying spray nozzles for over 15 years. Our customers include the largest engineering, food processing, chemical and petrochemical companies in the world as well as vast array of SME's. Whether big or small our customers can rely upon decades of combined experience to ensure the correct nozzle is selected no matter the application.
The engineering resources provided in this website are designed to help our existing and prospective customers in their engineering projects. Theses resources will continually be added too and we are always looking for suggestions from our customers as to what they would like to have included.
Welcome to the Spray Nozzle People (SNP). As our company name would suggest we are specialist suppliers of spray nozzle solutions for a wide variety of industrial applications. We are the exclusive distributors for Bete in the UK, The Republic of Ireland, France and Spain and we also have exclusive distribution agreements for the Uni-Spray range for the metal finishing industry and the Gatewood range for the paper making industry. In addition to our large range of nozzles, we also offer a full range of tank cleaning systems from both Bete and UK manufacturer Dasic.
We manufacture in over 200 different materials with all conceivable spray angles, flow rates and droplet sizes. Our tank cleaning systems are able to clean anything from a light residue in a small process vessel to crude oil in an ocean going tanker. In short, whatever the application, whatever the fluid being sprayed or residue being cleaned we can help select the correct product for the job in a swift and hassle free way.
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Welcome! Every piece of writing was written by me (InspirationalButterfly) except the 'Going Green.." essay, which was written with the cooperation of one other person. I will continue to add to this page as I continue to write more and more. I hope my writings become an inspiration to you!
PLEASE DO NOT PLAGURIZE THESE IN ANY WAY FOR ANY REASON. YOU WILL BE LEGALLY CHARGED IF YOU ARE FOUND DOING SO.


Our workshop is a big shed filled with dust with a little office which we try to keep dust out of.
Keeping the door closed is a good start, so we made this little pulley system.
We would love to refine it and launch it as a product, let us know via email if you think you could find a use for one!


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Review of Before She Ignites by Jodi Meadows (digital arc)
Summary from Goodreads:
Mira Minkoba is the Hopebearer. Since the day she was born, she's been told she's special. Important. Perfect. She's known across the Fallen Isles not just for her beauty, but for the Mira Treaty named after her, a peace agreement which united the seven islands against their enemies on the mainland.
But Mira has never felt as perfect as everyone says. She counts compulsively. She struggles with crippling anxiety. And she's far too interested in dragons for a girl of her station.
Then Mira discovers an explosive secret that challenges everything she and the Treaty stand for. Betrayed by the very people she spent her life serving, Mira is sentenced to the Pit–the deadliest prison in the Fallen Isles. There, a cruel guard would do anything to discover the secret she would die to protect.
No longer beholden to those who betrayed her, Mira must learn to survive on her own and unearth the dark truths about the Fallen Isles–and herself–before her very world begins to collapse.
I wasn't sure what to expect going into this book. I had heard it was political and had lots of dragons. That alone made me want to read it.
The beginning was a little slow for me to get into. I think a map with all the islands, the people, and a guide for dragons would be helpful. There was a lot to pay attention to and I spent a lot of time just trying to remember everything.
But the book pace really picked up about halfway through. Mira can be tough to like at first. She's very insecure (I blame her mom) and often times thinks that she's pretty, but not smart or strong. I found her anxiety to be almost refreshing. I don't think I've seen that a lot with fantasy books. Mira is a counter which I can relate to. I often times count, even when I don't want to. It's a way to control the situation and relax at the same time. I liked Mira a lot more after she was in the pit for awhile. She seemed to find an inner strength and will to survive.
While this is a fantasy, I found that certain things related to us, especially now. The Mira Treaty ensured that everyone from all islands was created equal. But the Luminary Council wanted separation. Basically a ban on immigration. They wanted each group to stick to their own islands and Mira was supposed to be the one to deliver that news. She is the "Hopebearer" and expected to do as she is told by the council to help them.
The time spent in the Pit was the most interesting to me. I found that I really liked the group of friends Mira made there. Gerel, Aaru, Chendra, and Titra, though one isn't what they seem. Mira puts her faith in trusting them and doesn't want to leave without freeing them, too. While in the Pit, something happens to Mira that no one understands. Not even Mira herself.
Another thing that endeared me to Mira was her love for the dragons. I breed reptiles, so this was something that stood out to me. She didn't see them as something to fear, but as something to love and protect. Having a pet dragon is a dream for most reptile keepers.
Overall, I really loved this book and gave it 4 1/2 stars. It's a great start and I'm looking forward to what the trilogy brings.
I received a copy of this book from the publisher through Edelweiss+ for review. This in no way influenced my review of the book.
You can add Before She Ignites on Goodreads here.
Before She Ignites is to be published September 12th 2017 by Katherine Tegen Books.
A few links to purchase the book:
Anderson's Bookshop
Author: confessionsofayareader
My name is Kristi and I review books and mod on TBR and Beyond on Facebook. I love to travel and go to concerts. I've been married for over 20 years. I listen to a lot of pop punk. Otherwise, I'm pretty boring. We do have four grandchildren now and try to see them monthly since they don't live close. I read mostly YA and adult mystery/thrillers. I also read a lot of middle grade and some adult romance. You can also find me on facebook, twitter, and instagram (don't post often). View all posts by confessionsofayareader
Author confessionsofayareaderPosted on August 27, 2017 Categories book blog, review, upcoming releaseTags #ARCAugust, arc, Before She Ignites, Edelweiss+, young adult books
2 thoughts on "Review of Before She Ignites by Jodi Meadows (digital arc)"
TeacherofYA says:
It does sound like an awesome book! I can't wait to finally read it! I love Edelweiss for allowing us to read them early.
confessionsofayareader says:
I agree. I'm so glad I signed up for it.
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The Protestant Reformation, especially the radical version preached by Frenchman John Calvin (ne Jean Cauvin), who set himself up in Geneva, spread to France soon after it began. Calvinism was particularly appealing to the French middle class and nobles. As the nobles were often the chief source of opposition to the Crown, French kings naturally took alarm. In the 1550s the government of Henri II persecuted adherents of the new faith, who came to be called Huguenots, and burned a number of them at the stake. Despite this persecution, Calvinism continued to make inroads, especially in southwestern France.
During 1562-1598 France experienced a series of costly religious wars during which the Huguenots established a number of fortified cities, including La Rochelle on the southwestern Atlantic coast. The wars were settled when the Huguenot champion, Henri de Navarre, became king of France as Henri IV. Because the great majority of Frenchmen were still Catholic and because Henri IV wished to secure the Catholic stronghold of Paris, he converted to Catholicism ("Paris is well worth a mass," he is supposed to have said). To mollify his former coreligionists, he issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598 that granted religious toleration and full civil rights to the Huguenots. The edict also allowed them to fortify some 100 towns where the Huguenot faith was in the majority.
Unfortunately for France, Henri IV's reign was brief; he was stabbed to death in Paris by a religious fanatic in 1610. His son, Louis XIII (r. 1610-1643), was then only nine years old. Louis grew up to be weak and indecisive, but he had a capable chief minister in Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de Richelieu, who was the virtual ruler of France during 1624-1642. This born administrator made raison d'etat (reason of state) the dominant consideration in all his policies. Although he was a sincere Catholic, Richelieu never let religion get in the way of strengthening the state.
To Richelieu, the Huguenot-fortified towns formed a state within a state and were thus unacceptable. Alarmed by Richelieu's stance, the Huguenots rebelled under the leadership of the dukes de Rohan and Soubise. Richelieu responded by declaring the suppression of the rebellion his first priority in 1625. Protestant, rich, and looking toward England, La Rochelle relished its independence. The city itself lay at the end of a channel. Off it were two islands: the closest, Ile de Re, and the more distant Ile d'Oleron. La Rochelle was the strongest of the Huguenot fortresses and the center of resistance to royal rule.
In 1626 La Rochelle had been forced to accept a royal commissioner, to agree not to arm its ships, and to accord full rights to Catholics. In March 1627 France formed an alliance with Spain that solidified its position. Six months later Richelieu's forces initiated a siege of the city and exchanged artillery fire with its Huguenot defenders. Because La Rochelle was a port it could receive aid by sea, and in June 1627 King Charles I of England sent 120 ships and 6,000 soldiers there under his favorite, George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham.
The English fleet arrived at Ile de Re on July 10. If the people of La Rochelle welcomed the troops, Buckingham was to place them under command of the Duc de Soubise, who arrived with him. If not, the men would return to England. Soubise went to La Rochelle to negotiate with its leaders, but they feared the consequences of welcoming English troops. Buckingham therefore ordered his men ashore to secure Fort St. Martin on Ile de Re, which was controlled by the royalists, as a base for future operations. His men, most of whom had been pressed, were poorly trained, and many refused to go ashore. Others bolted on the first gunfire with the royal garrison on the island. Buckingham was thus unable to take the fort; instead, he resorted to a blockade.
Richelieu was certain that if Buckingham took Fort St. Martin, his siege operation would fail. Richelieu therefore sent French ships to supply the fort, called up feudal levies, and sent about 20,000 men toward La Rochelle. The brother of the king, Gaston d'Orleans, had nominal command, but field command was held by the Duc d'Angouleme. As it worked out, Richelieu actually retained direction of affairs.
In August, Angouleme closed off the city from the land side, and the city fathers voted to call on Buckingham for arms and assistance. The royal garrison on the Ile de Re continued to hold out, although on October 1 its commander, Jean de St. Bonnet de Toiras, sent word that his men were almost out of food and that without relief he would have to surrender on the evening of October 8. Therefore, on the night of October 7 Richelieu sent a relief force of 47 vessels under an adventurer named Beaulieu-Persac. That night a battle took place off Ile de Re between the French and English warships. Although he was eventually forced to surrender, Beaulieu-Persac succeeded in distracting the English long enough for his 29 supply ships to beach themselves on the island.
A few days later King Louis XIII arrived in the vicinity of La Rochelle. Richelieu then personally led 9,000 reinforcements to the Ile de Re and Ile d'Oleron from northern French mainland ports. Running short of supplies himself, in desperation Buckingham and 2,000 men launched a last attempt to storm Fort St. Martin on November 5. The English took the outer works but were then driven back and shortly thereafter came under heavy attack from the French relief force. On November 8 Buckingham sailed away with the half of his force that remained.
With Ile de Re secure, Richelieu could concentrate on La Rochelle. In November the French constructed a powerful siege line more than seven miles long with 11 forts and 18 redoubts. The French lacked the means to blockade the city completely from the sea, but after reading how Alexander the Great had built a great causeway to end the siege of Tyre, Richelieu ordered construction of a great stone dike at the end of the bay to close La Rochelle off from the sea. Jean de Thirot, architect to the king, and Clement Metezeau, the king's master builder, had charge of construction.
Work began in October and for all practical purposes was complete by January 1628, with the jetty and 56 ships chained together and armed to form a floating wall. In addition, Richelieu assembled 36 galleys and pinnaces in the roadstead to attack any expedition launched from La Rochelle to destroy the dike.
In March an English ship made it to La Rochelle with supplies and promised assistance from Charles I. The people of La Rochelle took heart and elected Jean Guiton as mayor. He infused new life in the defense. Moreover, in early May an English fleet under Lord Denbigh arrived. The English ships briefly bombarded the dike but without effect. Then, learning that a Spanish fleet was at sea, Denbigh sailed away on May 18. On September 28 a larger English fleet under Count Lindsey appeared off the dike, transporting 11 regiments and food for many months, but the troops were disaffected, and it departed without landing either men or supplies.
With this final disappointment and virtually no hope of resupply, on October 29 the La Rochelle garrison finally surrendered. During the siege, largely as the consequence of famine and disease, the population of the city went from 27,000 to only 5,000 people. Richelieu entered the city in triumph, and French troops immediately began the destruction of La Rochelle's walls and fortifications. Richelieu then amended the Edict of Nantes in the Peace of Alais, which formally ended the siege. The Huguenots lost the right to maintain fortified towns and military formations independent of the Crown. They did, however, retain full religious and civil rights until 1685, when King Louis XIV, much to the detriment of his kingdom, annulled the Edict of Nantes altogether.
One reason the siege had taken so long was that France did not have much of a navy. Richelieu may be regarded as the father of the French Navy, for he ordered construction of a force of 38 warships for the Atlantic and 10 for the Mediterranean.
Holt, Mack P. The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
O'Connell, D. P. Richelieu. New York: World Publishing, 1968.
Sutherland, N. M. The Huguenot Struggle for Recognition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1980.
Wood, James B. The Army of the King: Warfare, Soldiers, and Society during the Wars of Religion in France, 1562-1676. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.


Theresa May said Donald Tusk's comments about a "special place in hell" for those who campaigned for Brexit without a plan "were not helpful and caused widespread dismay" in the UK.
After meeting European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker in Brussels, the UK PM also told BBC Political Editor Laura Kuenssberg that she was going to deliver Brexit "on time".
Theresa May says Donald Tusk's comments "were not helpful and caused widespread dismay" in the UK.


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Home/News/Irish dance group leader at center of cheating allegations survives no-confidence vote
Irish dance group leader at center of cheating allegations survives no-confidence vote
The leader of the Irish dance group embroiled in a global cheating scandal has survived a no-confidence motion.
Ames McCutcheon, the leader of a Coimisiún le Rinci Gaelacha, has retained his role as head of the beleaguered organization, but at an Extraordinary General Assembly in Belfast on Saturday there was overwhelming support for a thorough and branded review of the rules, ethics, disciplinary procedures, and organizational structure of the largest and oldest Irish dance organization in the world
The EGM's CLRG to investigate the fallout of an alleged cheating scandal at the heart of Ireland's biggest and oldest dance competition.
According to the CLRG, 56 delegates attended the meeting. Irish dance teachers around the world had criticized the decision to hold the meeting in person and not allow CLRG members around the world who could only attend online.
Four motions were voted on in a private ballot. A motion had called for the immediate resignation of CLRG chairman James McCutcheon. The motion was defeated by 65.5 votes against and 34.5 votes in favour.
Three other motions were all accepted by the meeting. The overwhelming majority of members supported a thorough review of the CLRG, which has been heavily criticized for its handling of allegations of fraud.
Ninety-eight percent of delegates said that the CLRG should "supply all related relevant expertise needed from an independent, reputable and relevant change management consultancy to conduct a strategic review of the CLRG, its constitution, the overall organizational structure including all its constituents and stakeholders and… finance report."
Almost all delegates – 93 per cent – backed a motion to revise the judging and competition rules and regulations and disciplinary procedures at one of the most prestigious Irish dance organizations in the world. The same motion also said that the CLRG should "review practices for managing risk, grievance procedures and highlighting deficiencies or errors and make recommendations to ensure the fairness and protection of Irish dance competitions worldwide".
Another motion, supported by 73 per cent of the vote, said that more detail should be provided on the grounds for disciplinary proceedings and sanctions against Irish dance teachers and judges.
"CLRG is working hard to restore and rebuild trust in the organization following the events of the past few months. This is being undertaken with the utmost seriousness and determination, which was reinforced by today's EGM votes," said a spokesman for the CLRG.
"EGM has provided a platform for elected delegates representing registrants around the world for open and constructive discussions about the challenges our organization faces."
"The outcome of the private vote provides a clear mandate for the direction the organization will now take. CLRG is fully committed to implementing the agreed changes."
"We look forward to updating members on our progress and meeting again at our CLRG meeting in January."
Last week it emerged that over forty Irish dance teachers and judges are now facing disciplinary action as part of a global investigation into a culture of cheating in the sport and arts form.
The CLRG confirmed that its independent investigation into the alleged fraud has now recommended that 44 cases be subject to "full disciplinary hearings".
The dance organization, which is said to have over 2,000 members around the world, said it is currently recruiting "experienced" and "outside" people to sit on its disciplinary committee to review cases of cheating, both recent and historic reported to the CLRG since the global alleged fraud scandal came to light.
https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/chair-of-irish-dancing-body-at-centre-of-cheating-allegations-survives-motion-of-no-confidence-vote-42210703.html Irish dance group leader at center of cheating allegations survives no-confidence vote
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Crestron recently announced that they are expanding their partnership with Zoom Video Communications to include Crestron's TSW Touch Screen line. Zoom is a cloud-based video and web conferencing service compatible with multiple communication systems and AV hardware applications. It works with various components including desktops, laptops, projectors, microphones and digital screens. So no matter how many connected devices are being used, whether local or remote, you won't be forced to sacrifice audio coverage or video quality. Called Room Zoom in Crestron products, Zooms capabilities were previously integrated into Crestron's Mercury, another desktop collaboration solution that when attached to a Zoom Room, can operate as a combination of a speakerphone and a controller.
With this expanded partnership, Crestron and Zoom are able to integrate the entire Crestron ecosystem of control; including DM NVX, AV, fully integrated-audio, lighting, and shades with the native Zoom Rooms experience.


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Iñigo Mujika
USP Araba Sport Clinic
Home > Vol 6, No 2 >	Mujika
Tapering for triathlon competition
The taper is a phase of reduced training before major competitions. Training intensity should be maintained to retain or enhance training-induced adaptations during tapering, but reductions in other training variables should allow for sufficient recovery to optimize performance. Lowering training volume by about 41-60% induces positive physiological, psychological and performances adaptations in highly trained triathletes, but performance benefits could be attained with somewhat smaller or bigger volumes. A final increase of 20-30% of the training load during the last days before a race may be beneficial. High training frequencies (>80%) seem to be necessary to avoid detraining and "loss of feel" in highly trained triathletes. The optimal duration of the taper varies widely, and tapers lasting 4 to 28 days may be ideal for individual athletes. If a temporary increase of about 20% over the normal training load is planned during the month preceding the taper, the duration of the taper should be extended. Particular attention should be given during the taper to recovery strategies, which may help to induce parasympathetic reactivation and muscle fatigue reduction. Adequate hydration, nutrition and carbohydrate loading strategies are recommended to help triathletes perform at their best. Travel, heat and altitude are environmental factors that often need to be integrated within the taper plan, and the need for multiple peaking is another issue that needs to be addressed by coaches and triathletes.
Performance; Elite; Triathlon
Ali, A., Caine, M.P., Snow, B.G. Graduated compression stockings: physiological and perceptual responses during and after exercise. J Sports Sci. 2007; 25:413-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600718376
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Armstrong, L.E., Maresh, C.M., Castellani, J.W., Bergeron, M.F., Kenefick, R.W., Lagasse, K.E., Riebe, D. Urinary indices of hydration status. Int J Sport Nutr. 1994; 4:265-279. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.3.265
Banister, E.W., Carter, J.B., Zarkadas, P.C. Training theory and taper: validation in triathlon athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999; 79:182-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050493
Bosquet, L., Montpetit, J., Arvisais, D., Mujika, I. Effects of tapering on performance: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007; 39:1358-1365. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31806010e0
Bringard, A., Perrey, S., Belluye, N. Aerobic energy cost and sensation responses during submaximal running exercise--positive effects of wearing compression tights. Int J Sports Med. 2006; 27:373-378. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865718
Casa, D.J., Stearns, R.L., Lopez, R.M., Ganio, M.S., Mcdermott, B.P., Walker Yeargin, S., Yamamoto, L.M., Mazerolle, S.M., Roti, M.W., Armstrong, L.E., Maresh, C.M. Influence of hydration on physiological function and performance during trail running in the heat. J Athl Train. 2010; 45:147-156. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.2.147
Cheung, K., Hume, P., Maxwell, L. Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med. 2003; 33:145-164. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005
Cheuvront, S.N., Kenefick, R.W., Montain, S.J., Sawka, M.N. Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration. J Appl Physiol. 2010; 109:1989-1995. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00367.2010
Coutts, A.J., Slattery, K.M., Wallace, L.K. Practical tests for monitoring performance, fatigue and recovery in triathletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2007; 10: 372-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.007
Garet, M., Tournaire, N., Roche, F., Laurent, R., Lacour, J.R., Barthelemy, J.C., Pichot, V. Individual Interdependence between nocturnal ANS activity and performance in swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004; 36:2112-2118. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000147588.28955.48
Halson, S. Nutrition, sleep and recovery. Eur J Sport Sci. 2008; 8:199-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390801954794
Kraemer, W.J., Bush, J.A., Wickham, R.B., Denegar, C.R., Gomez, A.L., Gotshalk, L.A., Duncan, N.D., Volek, J.S., Putukian, M., Sebastianelli, W.J. Influence of compression therapy on symptoms following soft tissue injury from maximal eccentric exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2001; 31:282-290. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2001.31.6.282
Mujika, I., Busso, T., Lacoste, L., Barale, F., Geyssant, A., Chatard, J.C. Modeled responses to training and taper in competitive swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996; 28:251-258. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199602000-00015
Mujika, I., Chaouachi, A., Chamari, K. Precompetition taper and nutritional strategies: special reference to training during Ramadan intermittent fast. Br J Sports Med. 2010; 44:495-501. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.071274
Mujika, I., Padilla, S. Scientific bases for precompetition tapering strategies. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35:1182-1187. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000074448.73931.11
Pyne, D.B., Mujika, I., Reilly, T. Peaking for optimal performance: Research limitations and future directions. J Sports Sci. 2009; 27:195-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802509136
Thomas, L., Busso, T. A theoretical study of taper characteristics to optimize performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005; 37:1615-1621. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000177461.94156.4b
Thomas, L., Mujika, I., Busso, T. A model study of optimal training reduction during pre-event taper in elite swimmers. J Sports Sci. 2008; 26:643-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701716782
Thomas, L., Mujika, I., Busso, T. Computer simulations assessing the potential performance benefit of a final increase in training during pre-event taper. J Strength Cond Res. 2009; 23:1729-1736. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3dfa1
Trenell, M.I., Rooney, K.B., Sue, C.M., Thompson, C.H. Compression garments and recovery from eccentric exercise: a 31P-MRS study. J Sport Sci Med. 2006; 5:106-114.
Waterhouse, J., Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B. Jet lag: trends and coping strategies. Lancet. 2007; 369:1117-1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60529-7
Weerapong, P., Hume, P.A., Kolt, G.S. The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Med. 2005; 35:235-256. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181c33918
Wenger, H.A., Bell, G.J. The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness. Sports Med. 1986; 3:346-356. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198603050-00004
Wilson, J.M., Wilson, G.J. A practical approach to the taper. Strength Cond J. 2008; 30:10-17. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181636dd5


You know the feeling: sinking, stomach-twisting, life-consuming longing—the kind that seems to grow from the earth and take hold of your whole self, cell by cell. It sits at the very edges of total euphoria, and "Cut to the Feeling" is crucially about that pull toward the ecstatic. Carly Rae Jepsen wants to cut to the feeling; she's not there yet.
Lana Del Rey seemed less like an old soul when she emerged from the shadows of internet novelty six years ago. In fact, she seemed like something entirely new. But over the course of four albums, she has evolved into the poster child for all things vintage—an aesthetic evolution that's paired nicely with her increasingly world-weary wisdom.
The literary genre of "Why I'm Leaving New York" essays had a moment a few years back before becoming a full-blown cliché. It remains difficult not to roll your eyes at coast-swapping writers wistfully denouncing downtown filth (and not just because they're friends you hope don't become Hiking People). But somehow, Annie Clark escapes our skepticism. She positions her move west around a conundrum also faced by those who've never stepped foot in Manhattan: What do you do when everywhere you go reminds you of the one you loved and lost, when city and significant other blur into one aching mass?
Given their utter triumph over the mainstream this year, it's become easy to forget that Migos have been doubted every step of the way: by traditionalists, competitors, even followers. And more than any other song on their crossover opus, Culture, "T-Shirt" feels like a riposte to those naysayers who said the trio would never make it this far.


Did Hart of Dixie become one of your must-see TV shows after just one episode? Same thing happened to me! In the Hart of Dixie pilot there was a lot of great fashion, and we haven't covered it all yet.
Think we're done? Ha! Not yet! We haven't even seen Lemon yet! More fashion pieces under the jump.
And, I know you guys loved the hair and makeup just like I did. We'd love to hear from the Hart of Dixie makeup department head Candy L. Walken and the Hart of Dixie hair stylist Kelly Caldwell! As of right now, we cannot find the Meredith Pollack twitter, Candy L. Walken twitter or Kelly Caldwell twitter. Anyone know if they're out there?
For more hart of dixie fashion – just click that link!


The Government of Saskatchewan is pleased to announce the appointment of Erin Layton as a judge to the Provincial Court in La Ronge.
Judge Layton received a law degree from the University of Saskatchewan in 2000. She began her career as a lawyer with Eisner Mahon Burningham in Melfort. She went on to work as a lawyer with the Saskatchewan Legal Aid Commission in Prince Albert and La Ronge.
Judge Layton grew up in Missinipe and graduated from Churchill High School in La Ronge. She has served as a mentor for many lawyers in Prince Albert and La Ronge.
Judge Layton is replacing Judge McAuley who is transferring to the Provincial Court in Prince Albert. Judge McAuley will be assuming duties on the Cree Court circuit.


Description: Nice to see a different color instead of the NS's black and the IHB's orange and black.
Description: Concrete ties moving south.
Title: UP 7867, UP 9794, & HLCX 1031 lead MBNAS-12.
Description: Hi-balling into Carlinville, IL. The MBNAS-12 poses new power with a HLCX 1031.
Description: UP-4107 East rounds the big curve coming out of Glenns Ferry, Idaho along the Snake River.
Description: Going away shot of UP-4107 East with an approaching westbound stack train in the distance.
Description: After a 4 hour wait for unknown reasons, UP-4107 East finally makes it to Bliss, Idaho.
Description: UP's MEWHO-22 sits in track 11 at Port Terminal's Manchester Yard with the UP 9794 ex-C&NW 8690.
Description: SP 187 sits next to UP 9794 ex-C&NW 8690 in the Ley Rd. Team Track at UP's Settegast Yard.
Description: UP 9794 ex-C&NW 8690 sits in the Ley Rd. Team Track at UP's Settegast Yard.
Description: UP's LHH86-26 sits next to some old farm equipment with UP 9748 ex-C&NW 8644 and UP 9794 ex-C&NW 8690.
Description: UP 9794 ex-C&NW 8690 sits at UP's Settegast Yard Roundhouse.
Description: UP's QEWFO-17 (Quality Manifest Englewood Yard-Formosa, TX) sits on UP Terminal Sub. Main #2 as it prepares to change crews. The UP 9794 is an ex-Chicago & Northwestern 8690.


text:
New York|The Half King Is Dead. Long Live the Half King.
A portrait in the Half King of the photojournalist Tim Hetherington, who died while on assignment in Libya.CreditCreditPhotographs by Caitlin Ochs for The New York Times
The Half King Is Dead. Long Live the Half King.
The Half King, a bar favored by war correspondents and conflict photographers, endured all kinds of disasters in its 19 years. Then came the tourists.
By Derek M. Norman
[What you need to know to start the day: Get New York Today in your inbox.]
It was a late-April evening in 2011 when news broke that two photographers were killed by a mortar blast in the besieged city of Misurata, one of the last anti-Qaddafi rebel strongholds of the Libyan civil war.
Calls were made. Texts were exchanged. Word spread that these two seasoned conflict photographers, Tim Hetherington and Chris Hondros, were killed in action, and their closest friends and colleagues were meeting to regroup and attempt to digest the tragic news together at a familiar spot: a small bar nestled just below the High Line on the corner of 23rd Street and 10th Avenue.
"We're meeting at the Half King," a text would read. Before long, the shocked and devastated had arrived to grieve at this impromptu meeting place by the hundreds. Friends and colleagues cried together. Acquaintances embraced in grief. And strangers shook hands, bonding over tragedy.
"It seemed like there were hundreds of people there, without exaggeration," said Timothy Fadek, a New York-based photojournalist who was close with Mr. Hondros. "But when I think about who was there, I can't even remember it. It was all such a blur. We were all just so enveloped in our grief. That was really telling about the Half King — how it organically developed into a locus for war photographers and photojournalists."
A spotlighted portrait of Mr. Hetherington equipped with his camera and standing in front of armed Liberian rebels has since hung alone on a portion of the wall at the far corner of the bar.
The Half King, a bar and restaurant in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, has been for the better part of two decades a watering hole for writers, photographers and filmmakers. On a given afternoon, you might have seen journalists and their editors discussing projects over coffee at one of the pub's wooden booths. You may have passed publicists sharing baskets of jalapeño poppers with prospective authors in the adjacent dining room. You may have overheard war-hardened combat photographers swapping violent scenes of faraway places over $5 happy hour draft beers along the lengthy stretch of bar top.
But after Jan. 26, the Half King, along with its in-house reading series and photography exhibits, will permanently close. With the bar's rent having nearly tripled since it opened almost two decades ago, the market value of the neighborhood's commercial real estate had finally caught up to the owners, and the bar, according to them, had become financially unsustainable.
After 19 years, the Half King is closing.CreditCaitlin Ochs for The New York Times
"For the last few years, the only reason this place still existed is because we loved it," said Sebastian Junger, a co-owner of the Half King, longtime war journalist and author of "The Perfect Storm." "We wanted to take one last stand against the 'generification' of New York City. It finally got to the point that we were actively losing money and we just couldn't sustain that for very long. I can't imagine opening another bar, because we'd face the same headwinds that this one is being forced closed by."
While not the only bar in New York City that caters to the arts — KGB Bar still hosts regular readings and bars like the Arts and Crafts Beer Parlor in Greenwich Village organize art exhibits — it filled a unique niche.
'Just nothing too shiny'
Steps away from an entrance to the High Line was the Half King. Inside was a dimly lit bar and a few wooden booths. About twice a month or more, since the bar opened, an invited author would set up shop toward the back of the bar's spacious dining room. The doors would close, and for a couple of hours, the writer would discuss his or her most recent book with a moderator and a mixed crowd of fans, colleagues, and any unaware diners that may have found themselves present and yet to finish their meal. The event, which was held about 30 times this past year alone, became an integral part of the bar's identity: The Half King Reading Series.
"I introduced every reading by saying, 'There's 10,000 different things you could do in New York any single day, and we don't take for granted that you've chosen to be with us," said Glenn Raucher, who assumed the role of curating and moderating the series a year ago.
"I wanted to make sure that the experience was organic, holistic and that everyone in the room got something from it," said Mr. Raucher, who ordered a Widow Jane whiskey, neat, before moderating each reading. "And I sweated over time trying to make that happen. Even on the nights when we only had a few people, you could say the conversation only took on more importance."
In his early days of curating the series, Mr. Raucher remembered asking how much "carte blanche" he had in choosing the guests. "You have all the carte blanche you want," Mr. Junger replied. "Just nothing too shiny." The goal was, according to Mr. Raucher, to keep true to the ethos of the bar and present works that touched upon a wide-range of topics and issues, and more important, create a discussion that guests felt worthwhile being a part of.
Since the launching of the Reading Series, speakers have ranged from authors like Bill McKibben, the acclaimed environmentalist, to Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Cay Johnston, to the writer Vegas Tenold, who wrote the book "Everything You Love Will Burn," about his time embedded in the American far right.
But beyond the readings, the Half King was a pioneer in its photography exhibits. Every six to eight weeks, fine art photographers and world-class photojournalists would showcase their work, usually with a presentation given by one of the photographers. The exhibits, since 2010, have been curated and moderated by Anna Van Lenten, among other experts. And in its early stages, James Price, a photo editor at Newsweek, was involved.
The principals of the Half King who settled for a bar with no "fireman's pole," from left: Sebastian Junger, Nanette Burstein, Scott Anderson and Jerome O'Connor.CreditCaitlin Ochs for The New York Times
There was a show devoted to shots of Jimi Hendrix playing at Woodstock, and one of the most popular exhibits was a showcase in 2014 of melting icebergs by the photographer Camille Seaman, which included a climate change discussion with the director of the NASA Goddard Space Institute.
"We've shown photographs from 1917 of Lowell Thomas following Lawrence of Arabia around the Middle East," Ms. Van Lenten recalled. "I mean, literally from when Lowell followed him around with a big box on his back and making glass plate negatives."
"Photographers here were just as much respected as storytellers as writers were as storytellers," Ms. Van Lenten said. "People are drinking beer and eating sweet potato fries, while we are talking about spotlighted art. For me, that's pushing the democratic feature of photography."
'This place kind of became a mecca'
The bar opened in 2000. Mr. Junger, who also directed the war documentary "Restrepo" with his close friend Tim Hetherington, started the Half King with Scott Anderson, an author and longtime magazine journalist who covered war extensively, and Mr. Anderson's wife, Nanette Burstein, an award-winning filmmaker. But the bar's conception began sometime before 2000, on a few bar stools at Sunny's Bar on the Red Hook waterfront.
"Let's buy a building in Red Hook," Mr. Junger recalled thinking. "We'll have a bar on the first floor. We each take a floor. And we'll have a fireman's pole that would run down into the bar from our apartments.
"Our idea wasn't to make money, but to pay our mortgage and break even," Mr. Junger added. "Who wants to break even anyway? We just wanted our own bar and our own fireman's pole."
A fourth partner, Jerome O'Connor, already an experienced bar owner, may have been the one to put the dream of a firefighter's pole to rest. After he came on, the location on the West Side of Manhattan — a pretty derelict stretch of 10th Avenue back at the turn of the century — was chosen. It was remodeled entirely, much of it with lumber salvaged from a 200-year-old barn in Pennsylvania.
Despite its isolation, the Half King quickly picked up a following. Artists and gallery folk would dine in. Soccer players from Chelsea Piers leagues would swing by for drinks after matches. The tables were constantly occupied, and as intended, including by those friendly with the owners.
Glenn Raucher, host of the reading series at the bar.CreditCaitlin Ochs for The New York Times
"I remember when I was in Darfur for The Times Magazine, and I realized the Half King started to hit," Mr. Anderson said. "I ran into a Dutch photojournalist, and we were just hanging out and talking. I told him about owning a bar in New York and mentioned the Half King, and he goes, 'Oh, I know the Half King.' This place kind of became a mecca."
The bar had barely been open a year when the World Trade Center was attacked on Sept. 11. In the aftermath the Half King was one of the first bars open and reachable from ground zero. It drew a crowd of emergency medical workers, firefighters and police officers who were making pit stops for lunch or drinks during the cleanup. Much of the traffic heading from ground zero to the morgue uptown passed by the Half King.
"So they would all turn right here," Mr. Anderson recalled. "It was constant. I can remember virtually every night for weeks, there would be a long line of ambulances. Especially if they would recover a fireman or policeman's body, there would be a long motorcade of ambulances."
Just a couple years later, during the blackout of 2003, the Half King again kept its doors open. Inside was lit by candle, and cold food was being served before it inevitably spoiled. People stranded in the area sought respite in the bar, but rather than eating, took to drinking heavily.
While her partners were away from the city, Ms. Burstein had to manage the chaos alone. "The cash registers weren't working and the food was going to go bad," she said. "It could have been madness. At one point, I had to literally stand on top of the bar and shout, 'Everybody calm down!'"
And in 2012, Hurricane Sandy ravaged Manhattan, leaving the bar to fend for itself. It was once again without power and in the declared "dark zone," which began at about 30th street.
"We were flooded with two feet of water," Mr. Junger said. "I got a generator from somebody. We went outside of New York, somewhere in New Jersey, and got big jugs of gasoline. It felt like 'Mad Max,' and the gasoline was gold. If you had two five-gallon jugs, you were king."
After a major cleaning and overhaul, the bar survived, despite not having received any federal assistance, which the owners had applied for.
The Half King, January 2019.CreditCaitlin Ochs for The New York Times
'Suddenly, they'd be there'
In the end, it wasn't a disaster that changed the fortunes of the Half King; it was the High Line. The railbed turned pedestrian park opened in 2009 and was finally completed in 2014. During those years, commercial real estate prices rose exponentially based on the massive influx of tourists. Many art galleries in the area closed and local residents moved out. The Half King, the owners realized, had changed.
"I remember friends saying, 'God, you guys are so lucky, you're right there.' But it really did change the clientele," Mr. Anderson said. "And so we had a lot of out-of-town tourists coming here, but it stopped being a destination area for a lot of New Yorkers."
Despite the changes to the neighborhood, a core group of writers, journalists, photographers and war veterans have stayed loyal to the Half King.
On Sept. 11 last year, C.J. Chivers, a Marine veteran and war correspondent for The Times, read from his book "The Fighters," which was moderated by fellow Marine turned author, Phil Klay.
"He's a friend of the bar, so there were many people there," said Mr. Raucher, who noted a striking number of veterans in the crowd. "There were at least 70 or 75 people in the room, and yet when they were talking," Mr. Raucher said, "you could hear a pin drop. You could feel the electricity of how important what he was talking about was to everybody in the room."
For some, the bar has served as a bridge between New Yorkers and the foreign lands they visited. (The origin of the bar's name comes from an 18th-century Seneca chief who served as an honorary spokesman between tribes and foreign armies.)
"I had a lot of friends that, in the beginning, I had never seen outside of a war zone," said Michael Kamber, a combat photographer for The Times and now the director of the Bronx Documentary Center. "We had only seen each other in Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia or wherever, and you could go to the Half King, and suddenly, they'd be there."
Mr. Kamber said that he appreciated the simplicity of the place. "It wasn't a precious fine art space where they were selling work for thousands of dollars; it was for working photojournalists." He had met Mr. Junger while covering the civil war in Liberia, and later worked on assignment with him for Vanity Fair, in Nigeria. A photograph from that assignment still hangs on a wall in the bar's private room.
For nearly two decades the original Half King sign had hung above the doorway, but over time it became weathered and worn. Some time ago, Mr. Junger thought a replacement was needed. He ordered a new sign, but weeks passed, and then more weeks passed. By the time it had arrived, the decision had already been made to close the bar for good. The new sign was hung anyway.
Correction: Jan. 26, 2019
An earlier version of this article misstated the year that the High Line opened. It was 2009, not 2011. (The first section opened in 2009, the second section in 2011, and the third and final section in 2014.)
A version of this article appears in print on , Section MB, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: The Legend of the Half King. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe


text:
Q: Table View error on reloading sections - seems to be some race condition I have some hard to solve crashes. They happen in application from time to time not in regular way. I think the problem maybe with some race conditions and synchronizations.
I am using such pattern.
1) reloadData()
2) reloadSection1(), reloadSection2(), reloadSection2(), etc.
3) I have tap events that can do reload like reloadData()
4) There are also Socket.IO messages that can cause reloadData(), reloadSectionN()
5) I try to use debouncers to execute only last reload of given type.
6) debouncers use Serial Queue to execute task serially one by one in case that request-response-reload last longer then new socket.io event arrives
7) section/table reloadin must happen on UI thread so at the end I moves to it using DispatchQueue.main.async { }
8) I have even tried to wrap data excesses/ reloads into semaphores to block modification by other threads.
But errors can happens and app can crash in spite of this. And I have no idea what may cause it.
Below I place the most important parts of code.
I have such instance properties:
private let debouncer = Debouncer()
private let debouncer1 = Debouncer()
private let debouncer2 = Debouncer()
private let serialQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "serialqueue")
private let semaphore = DispatchSemaphore(value: 1)

Here Debouncer.debounce instance method
func debounce(delay: DispatchTimeInterval, queue: DispatchQueue = .main, action: @escaping (() -> Void) ) -> () -> Void {
        return {  [weak self] in
            guard let self = self else { return }
            self.currentWorkItem?.cancel()
            self.currentWorkItem = DispatchWorkItem {
                action()
            }

            if let workItem = self.currentWorkItem {
                queue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay, execute: workItem)
            }
        }
    }

Here are debounced reloads of table view and its sections
 func debounceReload() {
        let debounceReload = debouncer.debounce(delay: .milliseconds(500), queue: serialQueue) {
            self.reloadData()
        }

        debounceReload()
    }

func debounceReloadOrders() {

        let debounceReload = debouncer1.debounce(delay: .milliseconds(500), queue: serialQueue) {
            self.reloadOrdersSection(animating: false)
        }

        debounceReload()
    }

This debounce methods can be invoked on tap, pull to refresh screen navigation, or Socket.IO events (here possible multiple events at the same time if there are multiple users).
Each reload called by debounce reload start and ends with such methods (in between there are synchronous requests to remote api that may take some time (and are executed on this serialqueue). All debouncers reuse the same serial queue (so they should not conflict/race with each other and caused data inconsistency while reloading tableview or its sections).
private func startLoading() {
        print("startLoading")
        activityIndicator.startAnimating()
        activityIndicator.isHidden = false
        tableView.isHidden = true

        // cancel section reload
        debouncer1.currentWorkItem?.cancel()
        debouncer2.currentWorkItem?.cancel()
    }

private func stopLoading() {
        guard debouncer.currentWorkItem?.isCancelled != true else { return }

        self.semaphore.wait()
        print("stopLoading")

        tableView.reloadData()
        activityIndicator.isHidden = true
        refreshControl.endRefreshing()
        tableView.isHidden = false

        self.semaphore.signal()
    }

Above are added this additional semaphores as additional check to ensure data consistency.
func startLoading(section: Int, animating: Bool = true) {
        self.semaphore.wait()
        print("startLoading section \(section)")

        tableView.beginUpdates()
        if animating {
            self.data[section] = .loadingSpinner
        }
        tableView.reloadSections([section], with: .none)
        tableView.endUpdates()

        self.semaphore.signal()
    }

func stopLoading(section: Int, model: Model) {
        self.semaphore.wait()
        print("stopLoading section \(section)")

        if section == 0 {
            guard debouncer1.currentWorkItem?.isCancelled != true else { return }
        } else if section == 1 {
            guard debouncer2.currentWorkItem?.isCancelled != true else { return }
        }

        tableView.beginUpdates()
        self.data[section] = model
        tableView.reloadSections([section], with: .none)
        tableView.endUpdates()

        self.semaphore.signal()
    }

 private func clearData() {
        self.semaphore.wait()
        print("clearData")

        data.removeAll()

        self.semaphore.signal()
    }

I think this extra semaphores should not be required as this is using serial queue so all request-response-reload are executed on serial queue. Maybe some problem is that I need to switch from serial queue to main queue in order to clear/add spinner-reload and then fill-data/reload table or section. But I think it should last shorter then next data replacement happens. I consider moving self.data.append(model1) to semaphore critical section  in stopLoading() for reloadData() using self.data = data assignment in this critical section.
Example error that I have encountered:

Fatal Exception: NSInternalInconsistencyException Invalid update:
  invalid number of rows in section 0. The number of rows contained in
  an existing section after the update (3) must be equal to the number
  of rows contained in that section before the update (5), plus or minus
  the number of rows inserted or deleted from that section (0 inserted,
  0 deleted) and plus or minus the number of rows moved into or out of

 0x195bef098 +[_CFXNotificationTokenRegistration keyCallbacks]
3  Foundation                     0x1966b2b68 -[NSAssertionHandler handleFailureInMethod:object:file:lineNumber:description:]
4  UIKitCore                      0x1c23ecc78 -[UITableView _endCellAnimationsWithContext:]
5  UIKitCore                      0x1c24030c8 -[UITableView endUpdates]
6  MyApplication                   0x104b39230 MyViewController.reload(section:) + 168
> that section (0 moved in, 0 moved out).

I have also seen errors on cellForRow function, this errors happen several times a week, app is rather used multiple times a day so it is hard to repeat this error. I have tried to send simple refreshing sockets from POSTman but they do not change underling data (row count) and I think is way everything works then ok.
UPDATE
I have updated stopLoading() to stopLoading(data:) to have datasource update and tableView.reload on main queue.
So all startLoading, stopLoading, reload methods are performed on DispatchQueue.main.async { }.
private func stopLoading(data: [Model]) {
        guard debouncer.currentWorkItem?.isCancelled != true else { return }

        self.semaphore.wait()
        print("stopLoading")

        self.data = data

        tableView.reloadData()
        activityIndicator.isHidden = true
        refreshControl.endRefreshing()
        tableView.isHidden = false

        self.semaphore.signal()
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


From performing arts, live shows, museums and art galleries to festivals, St Ives is the art mecca of the Southwest. After WW II, this tiny fishing village was transformed into a vibrant, influential art colony, the epicentre of the British Modernist movement. The Barbara Hepworth Museum, the Bernard Leach Pottery & Museum and Tate St Ives are the legacy this small town has made on the art world. Discover many other galleries dotted about the town or sign up to a course at the St Ives School of Painting, a Barnoon workshop or join Kidz R Us, one of the best youth theatres in the country.


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Potential coronavirus exposures in Gloversville
GLOVERSVILLE, N.Y. (NEWS10) – Fulton County officials are warning of a number of potential coronavirus exposures at Ralph's Tailor Shop in Gloversville. The exposures took place between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. on January 13, 14, and 15. Anyone who visited the Main Street-based business during those times is advised to monitor for symptoms of COVID-19 for 14-days following the potential exposure. Symptoms include fever, cough, chills and loss of sense of taste and smell. If symptoms develop, contact your medical
news10.com , 3min 0
Hutchinson High School students to go to hybrid learning schedule Monday
HUTCHINSON, Kan. (KSNW) — Students at Hutchinson High School will return to class next week on the modified hybrid schedule. Starting Monday, students whose last names start with the letters A through L will be in class on Mondays and Wednesdays. Students whose last names start with M through Z will be in class on Tuesdays and Thursdays. All students will continue with remote learning on Fridays. Hutchinson elementary schools and middle schools are already on the modified hybrid system.
ksn.com , 3min 0


text:
 .. Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    distributed with this work for additional information
    regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

 ..   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 .. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
    software distributed under the License is distributed on an
    "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
    KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
    specific language governing permissions and limitations
    under the License.

Creating a custom Operator
==========================

Airflow allows you to create new operators to suit the requirements of you or your team.
The extensibility is one of the many reasons which makes Apache Airflow powerful.

You can create any operator you want by extending the :class:`airflow.models.baseoperator.BaseOperator`

There are two methods that you need to override in a derived class:

* Constructor - Define the parameters required for the operator. You only need to specify the arguments specific to your operator.
  Use ``@apply_defaults`` decorator function to fill unspecified arguments with ``default_args``. You can specify the ``default_args``
  in the dag file. See :ref:`Default args <default-args>` for more details.

* Execute - The code to execute when the runner calls the operator. The method contains the
  airflow context as a parameter that can be used to read config values.

Let's implement an example ``HelloOperator`` in a new file ``hello_operator.py``:

.. code-block:: python

        from airflow.models.baseoperator import BaseOperator
        from airflow.utils.decorators import apply_defaults

        class HelloOperator(BaseOperator):

            @apply_defaults
            def __init__(
                    self,
                    name: str,
                    **kwargs) -> None:
                super().__init__(**kwargs)
                self.name = name

            def execute(self, context):
                message = "Hello {}".format(self.name)
                print(message)
                return message

.. note::

    For imports to work, you should place the file in a directory that
    is present in the :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` env. Airflow adds ``dags/``, ``plugins/``, and ``config/`` directories
    in the Airflow home to :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` by default. e.g., In our example,
    the file is placed in the ``custom_operator/`` directory.
    See :doc:`../modules_management` for details on how Python and Airflow manage modules.

You can now use the derived custom operator as follows:

.. code-block:: python

    from custom_operator.hello_operator import HelloOperator

    with dag:
        hello_task = HelloOperator(task_id='sample-task', name='foo_bar')

If an operator communicates with an external service (API, database, etc) it's a good idea
to implement the communication layer using a :ref:`custom-operator/hook`. In this way the implemented logic
can be reused by other users in different operators. Such approach provides better decoupling and
utilization of added integration than using ``CustomServiceBaseOperator`` for each external service.

Other consideration is the temporary state. If an operation requires an in-memory state (for example
a job id that should be used in ``on_kill`` method to cancel a request) then the state should be keep
in the operator not in a hook. In this way the service hook can be completely state-less and whole
logic of an operation is in one place - in the operator.

.. _custom-operator/hook:

Hooks
^^^^^
Hooks act as an interface to communicate with the external shared resources in a DAG.
For example, multiple tasks in a DAG can require access to a MySQL database. Instead of
creating a connection per task, you can retrieve a connection from the hook and utilize it.
Hook also helps to avoid storing connection auth parameters in a DAG.
See :doc:`connection/index` for how to create and manage connections.

Let's extend our previous example to fetch name from MySQL:

.. code-block:: python

    class HelloDBOperator(BaseOperator):

            @apply_defaults
            def __init__(
                    self,
                    name: str,
                    mysql_conn_id: str,
                    database: str,
                    **kwargs) -> None:
                super().__init__(**kwargs)
                self.name = name
                self.mysql_conn_id = mysql_conn_id
                self.database = database

            def execute(self, context):
                hook = MySqlHook(mysql_conn_id=self.mysql_conn_id,
                         schema=self.database)
                sql = "select name from user"
                result = hook.get_first(sql)
                message = "Hello {}".format(result['name'])
                print(message)
                return message

When the operator invokes the query on the hook object, a new connection gets created if it doesn't exist.
The hook retrieves the auth parameters such as username and password from Airflow
backend and passes the params to the :py:func:`airflow.hooks.base_hook.BaseHook.get_connection`.
You should create hook only in the ``execute`` method or any method which is called from ``execute``.
The constructor gets called whenever Airflow parses a DAG which happens frequently. And instantiating a hook
there will result in many unnecessary database connections.
The ``execute`` gets called only during a DAG run.

User interface
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Airflow also allows the developer to control how the operator shows up in the DAG UI.
Override ``ui_color`` to change the background color of the operator in UI.
Override ``ui_fgcolor`` to change the color of the label.

.. code-block:: python

        class HelloOperator(BaseOperator):
            ui_color = '#ff0000'
            ui_fgcolor = '#000000'
            ....

Templating
^^^^^^^^^^^
You can use :ref:`Jinja templates <jinja-templating>` to parameterize your operator.
Airflow considers the field names present in ``template_fields``  for templating while rendering
the operator.

.. code-block:: python

        class HelloOperator(BaseOperator):

            template_fields = ['name']

            @apply_defaults
            def __init__(
                    self,
                    name: str,
                    **kwargs) -> None:
                super().__init__(**kwargs)
                self.name = name

            def execute(self, context):
                message = "Hello from {}".format(self.name)
                print(message)
                return message

You can use the template as follows:

.. code-block:: python

        with dag:
            hello_task = HelloOperator(task_id='task_id_1', dag=dag, name='{{ task_instance.task_id }}')

In this example, Jinja looks for the ``name`` parameter and substitutes ``{{ task_instance.task_id }}`` with
``task_id_1``.

The parameter can also contain a file name, for example, a bash script or a SQL file. You need to add
the extension of your file in ``template_ext``. If a ``template_field`` contains a string ending with
the extension mentioned in ``template_ext``, Jinja reads the content of the file and replace the templates
with actual value. Note that Jinja substitutes the operator attributes and not the args.

.. code-block:: python

        class HelloOperator(BaseOperator):

            template_fields = ['guest_name']
            template_ext = ['.sql']

            @apply_defaults
            def __init__(
                    self,
                    name: str,
                    **kwargs) -> None:
                super().__init__(**kwargs)
                self.guest_name = name

In the example, the ``template_fields`` should be ``['guest_name']`` and not  ``['name']``

Additionally you may provide ``template_fields_renderers`` dictionary which defines in what style the value
from template field renders in Web UI. For example:

.. code-block:: python

        class MyRequestOperator(BaseOperator):
            template_fields = ['request_body']
            template_fields_renderers = {'request_body': 'json'}

            @apply_defaults
            def __init__(
                    self,
                    request_body: str,
                    **kwargs) -> None:
                super().__init__(**kwargs)
                self.request_body = request_body

Currently available lexers:

  - bash
  - doc
  - json
  - md
  - py
  - rst
  - sql
  - yaml

If you use a non existing lexer then the value of the template field will be rendered as a pretty printed object.

Define an operator extra link
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

For your operator, you can :doc:`Define an extra link <define_extra_link>` that can
redirect users to external systems. For example, you can add a link that redirects
the user to the operator's manual.

Sensors
^^^^^^^^
Airflow provides a primitive for a special kind of operator, whose purpose is to
poll some state (e.g. presence of a file) on a regular interval until a
success criteria is met.

You can create any sensor your want by extending the :class:`airflow.sensors.base_sensor_operator.BaseSensorOperator`
defining a ``poke`` method to poll your external state and evaluate the success criteria.

Sensors have a powerful feature called ``'reschedule'`` mode which allows the sensor to
task to be rescheduled, rather than blocking a worker slot between pokes.
This is useful when you can tolerate a longer poll interval and expect to be
polling for a long time.

Reschedule mode comes with a caveat that your sensor cannot maintain internal state
between rescheduled executions. In this case you should decorate your sensor with
:meth:`airflow.sensors.base_sensor_operator.poke_mode_only`. This will let users know
that your sensor is not suitable for use with reschedule mode.

An example of a sensor that keeps internal state and cannot be used with reschedule mode
is :class:`airflow.providers.google.cloud.sensors.gcs.GCSUploadSessionCompleteSensor`.
It polls the number of objects at a prefix (this number is the internal state of the sensor)
and succeeds when there a certain amount of time has passed without the number of objects changing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Skillsbank initiative was founded in 2005 in recognition that our highly skilled and influential alumni could make a big social impact on the capacity of the community and not-for-profit sector. The Leadership WA community is able to give their time, energy, insights and advice in community service on a pro bono basis. The opportunities include board appointments, mentoring, and project support (including business development, strategy development, consultation, and facilitation).
These contributions serve members of community most in need, including not-for-profit organisations, outreach groups, youth initiatives and elder care providers.
Together, we are making a difference to the organisations themselves and the members of community they serve.
The values of Leadership WA are embodied in all that we do and Skillsbank is a means to facilitate our alumni joining us in upholding the values and giving back and investing care for our local and global community.
If you'd like to list an opportunity with our Skillsbank and you represent a Not-for-profit or community organisation, please complete this form.
Do you represent a non-profit or community organisation that could benefit from the assistance and support provided through Skillsbank?


text:
Q: Get customer details after transaction I'm struggling to decide between Paypal NVP and REST APIs.
The REST API seems to be newer and better but I can't find a way to get customer details after a transaction occured.
Basically I want to set up a billing plan for recurring payments and then get customer details via API so they do not have to enter them through my website.
Paypal Express checkout seems to be what I should use here.
The NVP API offers a GetExpressCheckoutDetails method to get these details.
I didn't find something similar for the REST API.
Since the REST API seems to go through Express Checkout as well there should be a solution.
How can I get customer details after activating the billing agreement?

A: I ran into this same problem a month ago and after reading the docs, there's currently no way to accomplish this with the REST API. If there is a way, it's not documented.
The only way I found to do this is with the NVP API and possibly the SOAP API. The NVP API will give you back most of the fields that you want but if you've stored custom fields for a transaction, it will only give you 3 of the custom fields but not all of them (weird).
I haven't tried the NVP method GetExpressCheckoutDetails but I have used the GetTransactionDetails method. It will give you back the transaction details. It returns a text block that you must parse. Each field is URL encoded and separated by an ampersand. Here's an example in PHP:
<?php

// Get cURL resource
$ch = curl_init();

// Set url
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'https://api-3t.paypal.com/nvp/');

// Set method
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'POST');

// Set options
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);

// Set headers
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, [
    "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
    ]
);
// Create body
$body = [
    "VERSION" => "204.0",
    "METHOD" => "GetTransactionDetails",
    "USER" => "nvp_api_username_here",
    "PWD" => "nvp_api_password_here",
    "SIGNATURE" => "nvp_api_signature_here",
    "TRANSACTIONID" => "some_paypal_transaction_id_here",
];
$body = http_build_query($body);

// Set body
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $body);

// Send the request and save response to $resp
$resp = curl_exec($ch);

if(!$resp) {
    die('Error: "' . curl_error($ch) . '" - Code: ' . curl_errno($ch));
} else {
    parse_str($resp, $formated_response);
    print_r($formated_response);
}

// Close request to clear up some resources
curl_close($ch);

Here's the formatted return body:
Array
(
    [RECEIVERBUSINESS] => paypal_account_owner_email_address_here@test.com
    [RECEIVEREMAIL] => paypal_account_owner_email_address_here@test.com
    [RECEIVERID] => 1111111111111
    [EMAIL] => buyers_email_address_here@test.com
    [PAYERID] => 55551
    [PAYERSTATUS] => verified
    [COUNTRYCODE] => US
    [BUSINESS] => buyers_business_name_here
    [ADDRESSOWNER] => PayPal
    [ADDRESSSTATUS] => None
    [SALESTAX] => 0.00
    [SHIPAMOUNT] => 0.00
    [SHIPHANDLEAMOUNT] => 0.00
    [SHIPDISCOUNT] => 0.00
    [INSURANCEAMOUNT] => 0.00
    [GIFTRECEIPT] => 0
    [TIMESTAMP] => 2016-08-02T17:04:58Z
    [CORRELATIONID] => 55552
    [ACK] => Success
    [VERSION] => 204.0
    [BUILD] => 22386173
    [FIRSTNAME] => Foo
    [LASTNAME] => Bar
    [TRANSACTIONID] => 55553
    [TRANSACTIONTYPE] => webaccept
    [PAYMENTTYPE] => instant
    [ORDERTIME] => 2016-08-01T20:49:28Z
    [AMT] => 1.00
    [TAXAMT] => 0.00
    [CURRENCYCODE] => USD
    [PAYMENTSTATUS] => Completed
    [PENDINGREASON] => None
    [REASONCODE] => None
    [SHIPPINGMETHOD] => Default
    [PROTECTIONELIGIBILITY] => Ineligible
    [PROTECTIONELIGIBILITYTYPE] => None
    [L_QTY0] => 0
    [L_TAXAMT0] => 0.00
    [L_SHIPPINGAMT0] => 0.00
    [L_HANDLINGAMT0] => 0.00
    [L_CURRENCYCODE0] => USD
    [L_OPTIONSNAME0] => first_custom_field_label_here
    [L_OPTIONSVALUE0] => first_custom_field_value_here
    [L_OPTIONSNAME1] => second_custom_field_label_here
    [L_OPTIONSVALUE1] => second_custom_field_value_here
    [L_OPTIONS1NAME0] => second_custom_field_label_here_duplicate
    [L_OPTIONS1VALUE0] => second_custom_field_value_here_duplicate
    [L_TAXABLE0] => false
    [L_TAXRATE0] => 0.0
    [L_AMT0] => 1.00
    [INSURANCEOPTIONSELECTED] => 0
    [SHIPPINGOPTIONISDEFAULT] => 0
)

Warning:
This only applies if you're storing custom fields in a PayPal transaction.
PayPal's NVP API only returns up to 3 custom fields for a transaction, even though you can store up to 7 custom fields in a transaction. Even crazier, one of the custom fields it returns is a duplicate of the second custom field. At least that's the case when I try to retrieve a custom fields from a transaction.


text:
Q: What's the difference between desktop managers and display managers? Desktop manager examples: Gnome, Unity. Display manager examples: GDM, LightDM.
What is the split in responsibilities of these two types of managers? What functions do they each provide? And are they both dependent on X server, in what way?
Thanks

A: Display manager
Is a graphical user interface that is displayed at the end of the boot process in place of the default shell.
There are various implementations of display managers:
GDM — Gnome display manager.
LightDM — Cross-desktop display manager.
LXDM — Lxde display manager.
SDDM — QML-based display manager and successor to KDE4's kdm.
SLiM — Lightweight graphical login solution.
XDM — X display manager with support for XDMCP

Desktop environment
Is an implementation of the desktop metaphor made of a bundle of programs running on top of a computer operating system, which share a common graphical user interface.
A desktop environment typically consists of icons, windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers and desktop widgets, might also provide drag and drop functionality and other features that make the desktop metaphor more complete.
There are various implementations of desktop environments:
Unity is the default desktop for Ubuntu, and is one of the major desktop environments.
Gnome is other of the major desktop environments.
KDE is other of the major desktop environments.
Xfce is a much lighter desktop environment.
LXDE is arguably the lightest option available for a desktop environment.
Cinnamon is another alternative to Gnome.
MATE is a continuation of the Gnome 2 codebase.
Budgie is the default desktop of Solus Operating System.
Moksha is a continuation of the Enlightenment 17 desktop.
Enlightenment started as a project to build a desktop environment.
Pantheon is the project developed by the elementaryOS team.
Trinity is a continuation of the KDE 3 series.

A desktop environment can be broken up into several components that function independently and interact with one another to provide the look and feel and functionality of the desktop environment.
A fundamental part of a desktop environment is the window manager.
A window manager creates a certain way for application windows to present themselves to the user. It manages the various application windows, keeping track of which ones are open and providing features to switch between them.
Another important element of a desktop environment is the file manager. This application manages files/ folders and presents them in a way that the user finds convenient. It provides file operations like viewing, copying or moving, changing permissions and deleting.
Desktop environments usually provide utilities to set wallpapers and screensavers, display icons on the desktop, and perform some administrative tasks.
They may optionally include word processors, CD/DVD writing applications, web browsers and e-mail clients.
The X Window System is usually started as an X session which is the combination of an X server and connecting X clients.
For the normal desktop system, both of them are executed on a workstation.
Xorg is the most popular display server among Linux users. Its ubiquity has led to making it an ever-present requisite for GUI applications, resulting in massive adoption from most distributions.
The X Window System is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on UNIX-like computer operating systems.
X provides the basic framework for a GUI environment: drawing and moving windows on the display device and interacting with a mouse and keyboard.
X does not mandate the user interface – this is handled by individual programs. As such, the visual styling of X-based environments varies greatly; different programs may present radically different interfaces.


Long Valley, NJ – March 29, 2019 - Frazier Industrial Company has been fortunate enough to enjoy 70 years of robust history. Structural steel systems used to be more expensive than roll-formed, but Frazier has consistently driven these costs down over the years without sacrificing the quality and strength of our pallet rack. New warehousing operations choose Frazier because the long-term costs of our storage rack systems are less due to structural components being more abuse-resistant and needing less continual replacement when compared to roll-formed uprights.
Frazier proudly opened of our newest plant in Dyersburg, Tennessee during 2018. The products manufactured from the plant will actively support the growing needs of clientele in the Midwestern and southeastern United States. The end result for the customer is measurable – reduced freight and installation costs along with the ability to meet tight construction deadlines.
Frazier's Account Management Team has seen growth in terms of personnel, so that we may better serve the immediate needs of customers. The Canadian Account Team has grown to include three new members, while two new District Managers and two new National Regional Managers were added to our teams within the United States.
Furthermore, Frazier's Customer Service Experience has been refocused to centralize around direct conversations with customers across both Eastern and Western time zones. When engaging with Frazier's Customer Service Team, customers will establish a single Customer Service Associate as their point of contact. This person will act as a liaison throughout the customer's entire experience, allowing for a quicker, stress-free path towards a solution. Frazier prides ourselves in our ability to provide an immediate response to inquiries regarding products and services.


text:
Born August 25, 1918 in Lawrence, Massachusetts
Died October 14, 1990 in New York, New York
Candide, On the Town, and West Side Story
Bernstein began studying piano when he was ten years old. He graduated from Harvard and then from the Curtis Institute of Music, where he studied piano, conducting, and composition. When he was still a very young man, he was assistant conductor of the New York Philharmonic. The regular conductor, Bruno Walter, was ill one evening and Bernstein took his place in a nationally televised concert. He did such an outstanding job that he became famous, and many orchestras wanted to hire him.
He was the regular conductor of the New York Philharmonic from 1958 through 1969. Just two weeks after he started his job with the New York Philharmonic, Bernstein conducted his first Young People's Concert. Throughout his career he believed playing for young students was one of the most important things he could do. Andrew Litton, the former conductor of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, attended some of these concerts when he was a child growing up in New York. These experiences inspired him to become a conductor and to make education an important part of his work with the Dallas Symphony.
Bernstein also composed classical music, Broadway music, and jazz. He has been called "the first American composer to receive world-wide recognition."


text:
Q: Outlook Add-in - Application_ItemSend fired twice I'm writing an addin for Outlook that check if the appointment has been set between 13:30 to 14:30 and show the user a warning that he sent a meeting request between 13:30 to 14:00.
When someone sets a meeting in this time period it shows the message, but if for example he edits the meeting and removes one of the attendees, outlook asks if he wants to send the update only to the added or deleted attendees or if he wants to send the update to all of the attendees. Now, if he chooses to send the meeting to all of the attendees then the Application_ItemSend fired twice and he gets the warning message twice.
I tried to use the item.ForceUpdateToAllAttendees = true but it didn't help.
What is happening here? And how can I resolve this issue?

A: Would you not expect that if Outlook sends meeting cancelation to the deleted attendee and an update to the reaming attendees?


Beehive says you need to be level 30, so unless you are that high of a level, best pick something else.
Yep! Just wasted valuable supplies to get the useless expansions up to the beehive only to have a message appear that I need to be level 30.


We are excited to offer programs directly after school dismissal for your children at their school sites. Classes run from 3 PM to 4 PM. Children that attend Ames, Blythe, Central, and Hollywood Elementary Schools may find registration information for classes at their specific school here. Register here.


text:
<!-ads->
Dunlop's darling dominates in Irish Champion
Photo: Emma-Louise Kerwin/Goodtosoft.co.uk
Snow Fairy returned to Leopardstown and the Irish Champion Stakes one year after a narrow defeat at the hands of Aussie superstar, So You Think, to go one better with a magnificent victory and notch up her seventh victory at the highest level in her fourteen consecutive race at the top. In doing so, Snow Fairy broke the track record, stopping the clock in 2.00.92 for the ten furlongs and contributed to a clean sweep of the Irish Group 1 races of the weekend for the English raiding parties.
As the exceptional five year old daughter of Intikhab returned to the winners enclosure, Ed Dunlop stood proud and speechless at the enormity of the ever growing list of achievements of his stunning mare. "I've been lucky to win a few good races but to do what she did today is amazing. I'm a bit speechless" said Dunlop, "Frankie [Dettori] gave her a great ride, they went flat out and we were very much of the opinion that this time we'd take our time a bit. I said during the race that I thought the pace would suit the staying horses at the pace they were going but she's got an electric turn of foot. She's now won a Group 1 in Europe against colts, she's just an unbelievable horse. The horse of a lifetime, and I've had two now."
In contrast, Dettori, who had just ridden his 198th Group 1 winner, ensured the celebrations began early with yet another exuberant flying dismount that has become a trademark as the winners continue to flow freely. "We know that she's got a good turn of foot and I used that weapon last" stated Dettori to the awaiting press, "We knew that Nathaniel was going to play his card early but the credit has to go to Ed [Dunlop]. She's had a serious injury but she's retained all of her ability"
Dettori, who now shares his retainer for Godolphin with the up-and-coming duo of Silvestre de Sousa and Mikael Barzalona, rode the perfect race from a tracking position in fourth position. As Daddy Long Legs too charge at the head of affairs, scorching off five lengths in front of his rivals as the nominated pacemaker, Nathaniel and Jim Bolger's Light Heavy began to tow each other along in their own match race behind the wide-margin leader. As the left handed turn into the Leopardstown straight drew ever close, Snow Fairy looked to be travelling ominously well under a confident Dettori. Drawing to the outside of Nathaniel with a furlong to go, Snow Fairy used her electric turn of foot to readily ease past and stretch to a one-and-a-quarter length success to break the heart of the tough, strong willed Nathaniel and reward Dettori, Dunlop and the legions of fans who cheered her home with emphatic volume. St Nicholas Abbey, who tracked Snow Fairy the whole way, finished in third with Born To Sea, who drew to within two lengths of Camelot in the Irish Derby, far back in fifth.
"She's got better, I don't know why but she seems a better horse this year" said Dunlop, "All credit to the owner [Mrs Patino], it would've been easy to retire her but she was very keen on trying this operation [after the injury] and it's worked.".
The Breeders Cup and the Prix de L'Arc de Triomphe remain on target as potential end of season targets for Snow Fairy, with an unlikely clash with Frankel in the QIPCO British Champions Stakes still under consideration.
Earlier on the card, the Breeders Cup Juvenile Turf Trial Stakes was readily won by Aidan O' Brien's Battle of Marengo, a previous eleven-length victor of a Gowran Park maiden. Making all on the front end, Battle of Marengo looked in complete control heading into the final furlong, at which point Joseph O' Brien's saddle slipped back. A one-and-a-half lengths victor, O'Brien's colt is an exciting prospect who, whilst not confirmed for the Breeders Cup Juvenile Turf as an immediate option, targets such as the Beresford Stakes (G2) and the Racing Post Trophy (G1) look potential late season targets for this son of Galileo.
Photos Courtesy of Emma-Louise Kerwin (Goodtosoft.co.uk)
Older Comments about Dunlop's darling dominates in Irish Champion...
Dunlop's darling dominat...
Posted by steve.mullington · 2499 days ago
Show All 0 Comments
depeds upon if a tear in along the normal lines of tension or crossing them. Wonderful study done by a surgeon who mapped ou the human bodies lines of stress and called them Langer's lines which other meidcal fields have adapted. NEVER cut across langer lines...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langer%27s_lines
Posted by travel_vic · 2499 days ago
How seriously good is this mare. Last November she had a 45% tear in one of her tendons. I've never seen a horse, male or female, come back from an injury that serious to win 2 major G1 races. She was off the racetrack for 280 days, and does Ed Dunlop maybe take a drop in grade just to get a race into her? No, he drops her right in against what has arguably been one of the deepest fields of fillies and mares in any G1 race in Europe this season and she wins the G1 Prix Jean-Romanet on cue. Then just for sh-ts and giggles, she comes back to Leopardstown a year later and wins the G1 Irish Champion Stakes, beating a King George/Coral-Eclipse winner and a dual Coronation Cup/BC Turf winner without Frankie Dettori asking for anything close to Snow Fairy's best in the race. The sky is really the limit for her this season, IMO. All kinds of options open to her. She could come to the Breeders Cup and be a big player in the BC Turf or BC F&M Turf. She could return to Sha Tin and go after the G1 Hong Kong Vase at 12f, which was her last iintended target before she got injured and had to be scratched, and I'd be very surprised if we don't see her at Meydan in March for a crack at the G1 Sheema Classic.
Posted by ILuvTurfRacing · 2499 days ago
DanMunn1 · Ed tells us it's very possible she stays in training, ILuvTurfRacing. If that is the case then the Sheema Classic could be an option but, as per my last article, they really want to go to Royal Ascot if they do stay in training. The Japan Cup is a late possibility for her this year · 2499 days ago
If she handles our turf courses, they probably aren't. But, not all Euros adapt.
Posted by footlick · 2499 days ago
What a mare she is! How are our American turf horses going to deal with that???
Posted by BrianZipse · 2499 days ago
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» HORSE: So You Think
» PROFILE: Frankie Dettori
» HORSE: St Nicholas Abbey
» RACE: Irish Champion Stakes (2012)
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