text:
Home Fronts of the Empire-Commonwealth: Imperial Interconnections and Wartime Social Transformations during the Second World War
Lead Research Organisation: University of Oxford
Department Name: Continuing Education
The Second World War disrupted millions of people in the form of military recruitment, civil labour conscription, food shortages, savage fighting, propaganda, and political competition. Imperial power connected remote regions to global economic, political, and military currents. The incredible diversity of the war experience of the subjects of the Empire-Commonwealth, and the great importance of the empire in defining Britain's war, is only slowly coming to be properly understood. The trans-national effects of the war are often regarded simplistically as one-way relationships between metropole and periphery, that stress the role of non-Western combatants in Europe but do not go further to enrich our understanding of the vast dependency of Europe on imperial supplies, people and resources during wartime. This project aims to considerably broaden our understanding of the full impact of war in the widest sense by investigating imperial interconnections and social transformations during the Second World War in South Asia and the Middle East from 1939-45 by showing the lasting developmental changes that accompanied the war on some of the most important imperial 'home fronts.'
This project aims to examine the social history of the second world war from the perspective of South Asia and the Middle East, by concentrating on the perspective of war from these 'home fronts' and analysis of three major themes: firstly, the imperial and transnational connections which enabled the fighting of the war, such as shipping and supply networks, migrant labour and factory production. Secondly, the project seeks to go beyond conventional military history to analyze the experience of non-combatants and the links between civilians and wartime in these regions; for instance the role of South Asian and Middle Eastern labourers, nurses, transport workers and factory workers. We will ask whether there may have been closer quotidian interactions between the military and local imperial subjects than is usually depicted. Thirdly, the project hopes to highlight the social transformation wrought by wartime, for instance, the development generated by war through the investment of indigenous capital, the building of infrastructure and development of cities and factories. In short, the total and transforming nature of war during empire will be better stressed and illustrated in a way that goes beyond simply 'social' or 'military' history to present a more integrated and holisitic appraisal of how events on the ground in South Asia and the Middle East intersected with wartime transformations.
1) Who will benefit from this research?
Potential institutions and organisations beyond universities identified as potential beneficiaries of this research are detailed in the pathways to impact. They include the following:
a) Museums. The Imperial War Museum. Alan Jeffries at the Imperial War Museum has previously collaborated with Jackson and KCL-Imperial War Museum hosted a one day conference on The Indian Army, 1939-1947 in 2009. There is further potential for use of the IWM's collections (archival and object), opportunities for academic collaboration, potential for public speaker series/lectures at IWM. Also the National Maritime Museum: potential for public lecture. Khan previously lectured on the subject of the Partition of India at NMM.
b) Public organisations, institutions, veterans' groups: Royal Society of Arts; Royal Commonwealth Society; Commonwealth Secretariat, British Commonwealth Ex-Services League, Overseas Pensioners Association, Imperial War Museum London and Manchester and British Empire and Commonwealth Museum, Bristol, National Army Museum.
Jackson is on the Development Group as well as the Academic Advisory Panel of the Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum Trust (building a new museum alongside the Oxforshire Museum) which is a potential site for related speaker events and engagement.
c) Local Schools and community groups: particularly in London, e.g. Lampton School Hounslow has established links to outreach work by RHUL during Black History Month. Khan has lectured at Mehfil-e-Ali, Harrow on previous research work.
d) General trade book readers/publishers: readers in English language of accessible, scholarly publications, both in the UK and overseas including India and USA.
2) How will they benefit?
The project will take forward a new wave of understanding about the Second World War which brings its wider global aspects into view and involves communicating a story of global transformation through the war's impact on societies beyond Europe. The Second World War is a profitable driver of heritage/museum/publishing industries in the UK but the historiography needs constant refreshing and development to avoid becoming simplistic and outdated and also to have relevance for international as well as British audiences. Direct impact is planned during the immediate 24 months of the project through direct involvement and participation of these groups and organisations. Individual specialists beyond academia will be invited from museums to participate in both workshops and therefore develop additional skills and knowledge base, for instance by presenting papers and engaging with roundtables. Time is also allocated for outreach lectures and talks by PIs to public institutions, organisations and veterans' groups. Ongoing impact, indirectly, after the end of the project, will be achieved through the publication of monographs intended for non-specialist readers, promoted in tandem with publishers and an accessible web resource of use to specialists and non-specialists.
Jan 13 - Aug 14
AHRC
AH/J000019/2
Yasmin Khan
University of Oxford, United Kingdom (Lead Research Organisation)
Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum (Collaboration)
Jawaharlal Nehru University, India (Collaboration)
King's College London, United Kingdom (Collaboration)
Yasmin Khan (Principal Investigator)
Title Publication Date Published
Jackson A (2013) The British Empire - A Very Short Introduction
Jackson A (2014) Editorial: The Empire's War in History in The Round Table
Jackson A (2016) The Encyclopedia of Empire
Jackson A (2013) Military Migrants: British Service Personnel in Ceylon during the Second World War in Britain and the World
Khan Y (2015) The Cambridge History of the Second World War
Khan Yasmin (2015) The Raj at War: A People's History of India's Second World War
Kratoska P (2015) The Cambridge History of the Second World War
Singh G (2014) India and the Great War: Colonial Fantasies, Anxieties and Discontent India and the Great War in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism
Award Value
AH/J000019/1 01/05/2012 31/12/2012 £151,716
AH/J000019/2 Transfer AH/J000019/1 01/01/2013 31/08/2014 £130,073
Artistic and Creative Products
Impact Summary
Title A Passage to Britain
Description 3 part series for BBC 2 called A Passage to Britain (Specialist factual) produced by Wall to Wall television, broadcast by BBC 2 in August and September 2018. Some of the research generated through this AHRC project was included in the background research to these films and informed the content of episode 2. Khan was presenter and consultant on the series. The first episode was seen by more than 1 million viewers.
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation
Year Produced 2018
Impact Wide audience reach and greater understanding of the role played by South Asians in British homefront experiences of the second world war
Description We have attempted to develop new methodological and archival approaches to considering the intersection between the Second World War and the British Empire and to highlight the historical scale and scope of this at the level of the 'Home front'. This has been very timely research (with others in the field working on related topics in parallel) and is evidenced in, for instance, the orientation of the development of the new Second World galleries at the Imperial War Museum, which are likely to place more emphasis on Britain's imperial role, and the impact of the war on imperial home fronts and our role on the Academic Advisory Committee at the IWM.
Exploitation Route Doctoral researchers -- development of new research areas for historical research
I have been contacted by two creative writers/novelists who are including aspects of imperial war history in their work
Museum, collection and display
Creative media
Sectors Creative Economy,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
URL http://britishempireatwar.org/conference/
Description Yasmin Khan has been invited to sit on the Imperial War Museum Academic Advisory Committee for the redevelopment of the Second World War Galleries. These galleries are being developed with greater attention to the global and imperial aspects of the Second World War, including India and Khan's contribution has added to the shaping of the narrative for parts of these new galleries. Khan also gave the Raphael Samuel Memorial Lecture in London in 2019 on this subject. There is greater public awareness in general of the Imperial and Commonwealth Contribution to the Second World War since this project started and this project has played a part in this historiographical development - for instance public discussions over the role of Indians in Dunkirk at the time of the film 'Dunkirk' (Khan wrote in the New York Times on this) and also the featuring of Asian soldiers in television and film productions of wartime, such as the documentary 'Forgotten Allies' (Grammar Productions, 2019) There is also inclusion now in the GCSE history curriculum of the role of Asian soldiers and Khan has been working on a pilot with schools in Oxfordshire (Cheney School)with Dr Jason Todd to develop materials for inclusion in school lessons. She will also speak to history teachers at the Historical Association on the subject of the second world war in 2019.
First Year Of Impact 2014
Sector Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal
Description Academic Advisory Committee, Imperial War Museum
Description Collaborative work on curriculum pilot with Cheney School
Description Empire at War research group
Organisation King's College London
Department Department of War studies
PI Contribution Professor Jackson (Co-PI) has established an online research group, through which events, information and bibliographies about the general subject area can be shared. This has 85+ individual researchers at present, from a wide range of national and international universities.
Collaborator Contribution This has resulted in exchange of information and bibliographies, one-day workshops and events and is becoming a large collaborative network
Impact Workshop at Kellogg College, 2013 Series of smaller workshops and events in Oxford, 2012-2016
Description JNU Collaboration
Organisation Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
PI Contribution Guest speaker came from JNU to a conference that we held. Subsequently I gave a class by Skype to students in India. Now have received invitation to spend time as guest of Faculty at JNU in New Delhi, with subsidy towards housing and local research costs.
Collaborator Contribution See above
Impact History and Social Science collaboration Collaborative teaching initiative Potential for future research collaboration
Description Short collaboration with museum
Organisation Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum
PI Contribution Our team (PI and Co-PI) collaborated with the museum to develop a small permanent exhibition space which relates local military history to the empire-commonwealth. We also assessed the collection for artefacts related to empire.
Collaborator Contribution The small permanent display acknowledges our contribution. Professor Jackson also gave a public lecture at the Museum; 'The British Empire and the First World War', Friends of the Oxfordshire Museum, March 2014
Impact Small permanent exhibition space still on display at the museum 'The British Empire and the First World War', Friends of the Oxfordshire Museum, March 2014 - public lecture by Ashley Jackson
Description AHRC anniversary publication
Results and Impact Our research was featured in an interview/2 page account included as a case-study in the AHRC 10th anniversary brochure showcasing the history of the council
Description Article about research published on BBC News website
Results and Impact I wrote a piece for BBC online about the project's research which was published in June 2015, and generated quite a lot of traffic on Twitter, social media and personal emails
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-33105898
Description Ashley Jackson at Being Human
Results and Impact 'Whose Remembrance? Race, Belonging, and the First World War', film screening and round table discussion, King's Arts & Humanities Festival 2013: Being Human', Anatomy Lecture Theatre, King's College, Strand, London, 24 October 2013
Description Ashley Jackson at Yale
Results and Impact 'War and Political Change' conference, Yale University, October 2012, invited speaker
Description Ashley Jackson in Singapore
Results and Impact 'Western Military Power in South and South-east Asia', round table, Department of History, National University of Singapore, 8-9 January 2015
Description Ashley Jackson in South Africa
Results and Impact 'War, Violence, and the British Empire', keynote lecture, University of the Free State, South Africa, November 2013
Description Gajendra Singh interviewed in Indian press
Results and Impact Interviewee for various stories in the Indian Press. (Eg., 'Were Army Pay and Perks Better Under the British'; Times of India, 6th July 2015; 'Book Busts War Myth: Rules Out Ghadar Connection in Singapore Mutiny, The Indian Express, 7th August 2014, etc.).
Description Gajendra Singh interviewed on ABC Australia
Results and Impact Contributor to 'Other Voices, Other Battles', ABC Radio National (Australian Broadcasting Corporation), June 2014
Description Gajendra Singh interviewed on BBC radio
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Results and Impact Interviewee for 'Soldiers of the Empire', BBC Radio 4, 15th and 22nd October 2014.
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04m9rxg
Description Imperial World at War Conference, Kellogg College Oxford September 2103
Results and Impact 2 Day conference with international invited speakers (including from India, Japan, New York) on the subject of the Imperial World at War. Has resulted in edited publication (listed under publications)
Description Khan addressing History Teachers at the Historical Association Conference
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact History teachers attending the annual Historical Association Conference requested a presentation from Khan on the history of South Asia during the Second World War
Description Yasmin Khan Bedford Lecture
Results and Impact I was invited to give the Bedford Lecture which is an annual lecture at Royal Holloway, University of London on an aspect of Women's history in March 2016. This is free and open to the public.
URL https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/history/research/researchcentres/bedfordcentre/bedford-centre-lectur...
Description Yasmin Khan at BBC History Weekend, Malmesbury
Results and Impact I spoke at the BBC History Festival weekend at Malmesbury in October 2015; this generated discussion and debate with a large public audience. The event was covered by the BBC History Magazine online site and also created further invitations to write for the magazine.
URL http://www.historyweekend.com/malmesbury/article/history-weekend-qa-5-minutes-with-yasmin-khan
Description Yasmin Khan at Henley Literature Festival
Results and Impact Lecture at Henley Literature Festival, generated discussion and debate and also some media coverage in the Female Arts Magazine (see below)
URL http://www.femalearts.com/node/2049
Description Yasmin Khan at Jaipur Literature Festival, India
Results and Impact Panel on war and history at the Jaipur Literature Festival, India. This is the largest free literature festival in the world, in total attended by 300,000 people over 5 days. The event was livestreamed, is available on the internet and was heavily covered in the Indian press. High level of interest which has resulted in invitation to speak at Jaipur Festival Southbank Centre, London in May 2016.
https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/farthest-fields/
URL https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/farthest-fields/
Description Yasmin Khan at Literature Festival, Ilkley, Yorkshire
Results and Impact Yasmin Khan gave a public talk at the Ilkley Literature festival, resulting from her book publication, The Raj at War, which generated debate and discussions afterwards.
URL http://www.ilkleyliteraturefestival.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ILF-2015-programme-digital.pdf
Description Yasmin Khan live television appearance on BBC1
Results and Impact I was part of an invited panel of historians commenting during the live coverage of the VJ Day broadcast from central London in June 2015, presented by Kirsty Young
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06723px


Approaching someone who looks different is a quandary for most people, and asking what happened to them shouldn't be taken lightly. It's difficult to tell if someone like me who has a lot of facial scarring is approachable or not. Should I look? Should I not look? Do I just ignore them? What's the polite thing to do? There are no hard and fast rules. In fact, if I were on the other side I'd probably not ask at all. I'd just try to be kind and treat them like everyone else. Some people might say, "It's not polite to ask questions like that," but neither is staring at someone while wondering what in the world happened to them. Maybe nothing happened to them. Maybe they were born that way and have some genetic defect or physical challenge or both. Or maybe they were involved in an accident, like I was. People who looked different always intrigued me when I was a child. But I can't recall ever being rude or staring in an inappropriate way or making comments that were cruel. Maybe I was already sensitive about such things. I grew up with three developmentally challenged cousins. I saw the way people gawked, laughed and made wisecracks about them. It hurt me even though I wasn't the focus of it.
I believe there is an acceptable way to look at someone who looks different or even ask what happened to them. First and foremost, remember that I'm no different than anyone else; I just look different than most people. I want to be treated like anyone else. One of the reasons for writing this blog and book, Beyond Recognition, and participating in the documentary, Trial By Fire: Lives Re-Forged, is to educate the general public. I believe that many people don't' know how to respond or react when they see someone who looks like me. Some people have never seen an actual burn survivor. Advances in medical technology mean that more burn victims than ever actually live to become survivors, leading to more and more opportunities for interaction. I hope that by going mainstream with burn survivors, we can overcome the stigma attached to our appearance.
Saying, "Do you mind if I ask what happened to you?" is a lot different than asking, "What happened to you?!" Yes, people have blurted that out to me. While I didn't necessarily care for the delivery, I answered the question. I have to pardon people every day or else I'd be confined to a very small world. Now my standard reply is, "I was burned in an explosion at an oil refinery." The standard reaction is, "Wow, you're lucky to be alive." There was a time when that bothered me a great deal. I was still very early in the healing process and would think to myself, "Who are you to tell ME I'm lucky to be alive? How would you know?" I've done a lot of healing since those days and my response usually is, " Yes, I'm extremely fortunate." This too should not be taken lightly. If you ask somebody what happened and they tell you, you may feel you need to say something back to them. Like, "Wow! You're lucky to be alive!" Or, "Oh my God! You poor thing!" Here are some alternatives. "Thank you for sharing that with me. I'm glad to have met you." Or simply, "Thank you for taking the time to share that with me. I wish you well." This is my experience and I certainly do not speak for anyone but me. Personally, I'd rather someone ask me. I feel like I'm doing a service for others and myself when I tell someone what happened to me. I sometimes even share details if people ask or I feel they want to know more.
There is one thing that I believe is totally out of line — questions having to do with money. Yes, I've had people say such things as, "I hope you got paid for that!" Or, "I heard you're a millionaire," or, " So how much money did you get?" I would consider this area of questioning inappropriate for just about everyone. The other area that's out of line is probing for details. If the person offers details, that's fine. But don't ask for more. It's usually not hard to tell if someone is comfortable in his own skin. But at the end of the day, it's a crapshoot, and there's no easy answer. In some cases it's cool to ask, and in others it's really not. Discernment and tact mean everything when dealing with people, especially those of us with obvious differences.
There is an appropriate way to look at people. You look right into their eyes. If they can't meet your eyes, then chances are they aren't comfortable. You can never be sure where someone is in the healing process, or whether they are healing inside at all. And that's what it's really about. Healing on the inside. Because that's what all humans have in common. We all have healing of one kind or another to do.
A few years ago, a front page story (I think it was front of the "local" section) appeared in the Pocono Record about your experience. I contacted the paper and asked them if they would contact you on my behalf and ask you if you would be at all interested in coming to speak to my Daisy Girl Scout troop, which is comprised of 5 and 6 year old girls. Today, another article in the paper appeared featuring your beautiful woodwork, and this blog address was within it I have read thru much of your blog, and having read this subject on which I am commenting, I would to ask you myself if you would be interested in coming to speak with them about this very subject. I feel that if children learn early about how to handle it when they see someone who outwardly appears different or causes them to question or be confused, it will be very good for them. Please contact me at christine@harvell.com. We meet in Tannersville every Tuesday night.
just wanted share a recent experience with you. One day not too long ago, I was in Walmart shopping. I was busy trying to get the items I needed, not paying much attention to the people around me. Suddenly, I was distracted by a distinct, angelic voice of a man, talking to a child, who was sitting in the front of the cart he was pushing. I tried to ignore the voice but it was so gentle and kind I just had to look up. When I did, I realized he was a burn survivor with considerable scarring on his face, neck and arms. Immediately I remembered this blog and looked directly into his eyes and smiled. I felt such warmth when he looked back into my eyes. John, if it wasn't for you, I might have quickly turned away or felt guilty for looking. You have taught me something I will forever remember. Thank you for helping me to be a better person.


text:
/**
 * Provider for the linn.co.uk:Privacy:1 UPnP service
 */
#ifndef HEADER_DVLINNCOUKPRIVACY1_C
#define HEADER_DVLINNCOUKPRIVACY1_C

#include <OpenHome/Defines.h>
#include <OpenHome/OsTypes.h>
#include <OpenHome/Net/C/DvDevice.h>
#include <OpenHome/Net/C/DvInvocation.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
 * @addtogroup DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1
 * @ingroup Providers
 * @{
 */

/**
 * Callback which runs when the GetPolicyVersion action is invoked
 *
 * @param[in]  aPtr           Opaque data passed to DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionGetPolicyVersion
 * @param[in]  aInvocation    Table of function pointers allowing access to the version of the service being used
 *                            and other queries.
 * @param[in] aInvocationPtr  aPtr argument to all functions contained in aInvocation.
 * @param[out] aVersion
 *
 * @return  0 if the action succeeded; non-zero if the action failed
 */
typedef int32_t (STDCALL *CallbackPrivacy1GetPolicyVersion)(void* aPtr, IDvInvocationC* aInvocation, void* aInvocationPtr, uint32_t* aVersion);
/**
 * Callback which runs when the GetPolicyAgreed action is invoked
 *
 * @param[in]  aPtr           Opaque data passed to DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionGetPolicyAgreed
 * @param[in]  aInvocation    Table of function pointers allowing access to the version of the service being used
 *                            and other queries.
 * @param[in] aInvocationPtr  aPtr argument to all functions contained in aInvocation.
 * @param[out] aVersion
 *
 * @return  0 if the action succeeded; non-zero if the action failed
 */
typedef int32_t (STDCALL *CallbackPrivacy1GetPolicyAgreed)(void* aPtr, IDvInvocationC* aInvocation, void* aInvocationPtr, uint32_t* aVersion);
/**
 * Callback which runs when the GetPolicyDetails action is invoked
 *
 * @param[in]  aPtr           Opaque data passed to DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionGetPolicyDetails
 * @param[in]  aInvocation    Table of function pointers allowing access to the version of the service being used
 *                            and other queries.
 * @param[in] aInvocationPtr  aPtr argument to all functions contained in aInvocation.
 * @param[out] aDetails
 *
 * @return  0 if the action succeeded; non-zero if the action failed
 */
typedef int32_t (STDCALL *CallbackPrivacy1GetPolicyDetails)(void* aPtr, IDvInvocationC* aInvocation, void* aInvocationPtr, char** aDetails);
/**
 * Callback which runs when the SetPolicyDetails action is invoked
 *
 * @param[in]  aPtr           Opaque data passed to DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionSetPolicyDetails
 * @param[in]  aInvocation    Table of function pointers allowing access to the version of the service being used
 *                            and other queries.
 * @param[in] aInvocationPtr  aPtr argument to all functions contained in aInvocation.
 * @param[in]  aDetails
 *
 * @return  0 if the action succeeded; non-zero if the action failed
 */
typedef int32_t (STDCALL *CallbackPrivacy1SetPolicyDetails)(void* aPtr, IDvInvocationC* aInvocation, void* aInvocationPtr, const char* aDetails);

/**
 * Provider constructor
 *
 * @param[in] aDevice  Handle returned by DvDeviceCreate[NoResources]
 *
 * @return  Handle to this provider
 */
DllExport THandle STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create(DvDeviceC aDevice);

/**
 * Provider destructor
 *
 * @param[in] aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Destroy(THandle aProvider);

/**
 * Enable the PolicyVersion property.
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyVersion(THandle aProvider);
/**
 * Enable the PolicyAgreed property.
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyAgreed(THandle aProvider);
/**
 * Enable the PolicyDetails property.
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyDetails(THandle aProvider);

/**
 * Register a callback for the action GetPolicyVersion
 *
 * If this is called, the action's availability will be published in the device's service.xml.
 * If this is not called, any attempt to invoke the action on a control point will fail.
 *
 * @param[in] aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in] aCallback  Callback which will be run when the action is invoked
 * @param[in] aPtr       Client-specified data which will be passed to the callback
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionGetPolicyVersion(THandle aProvider, CallbackPrivacy1GetPolicyVersion aCallback, void* aPtr);
/**
 * Register a callback for the action GetPolicyAgreed
 *
 * If this is called, the action's availability will be published in the device's service.xml.
 * If this is not called, any attempt to invoke the action on a control point will fail.
 *
 * @param[in] aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in] aCallback  Callback which will be run when the action is invoked
 * @param[in] aPtr       Client-specified data which will be passed to the callback
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionGetPolicyAgreed(THandle aProvider, CallbackPrivacy1GetPolicyAgreed aCallback, void* aPtr);
/**
 * Register a callback for the action GetPolicyDetails
 *
 * If this is called, the action's availability will be published in the device's service.xml.
 * If this is not called, any attempt to invoke the action on a control point will fail.
 *
 * @param[in] aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in] aCallback  Callback which will be run when the action is invoked
 * @param[in] aPtr       Client-specified data which will be passed to the callback
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionGetPolicyDetails(THandle aProvider, CallbackPrivacy1GetPolicyDetails aCallback, void* aPtr);
/**
 * Register a callback for the action SetPolicyDetails
 *
 * If this is called, the action's availability will be published in the device's service.xml.
 * If this is not called, any attempt to invoke the action on a control point will fail.
 *
 * @param[in] aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in] aCallback  Callback which will be run when the action is invoked
 * @param[in] aPtr       Client-specified data which will be passed to the callback
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnableActionSetPolicyDetails(THandle aProvider, CallbackPrivacy1SetPolicyDetails aCallback, void* aPtr);

/**
 * Set the value of the PolicyVersion property
 *
 * Can only be called if DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyVersion has previously been called.
 *
 * @param[in]  aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in]  aValue     New value for the property
 * @param[out] aChanged   1 if the value has been updated; 0 if it was the same as the previous value
 *
 * @return  0 if the property was successfully set; non-zero if there was an error (including
 *          an attempt to set a property to a value not in its allowed range/set)
 */
DllExport int32_t STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1SetPropertyPolicyVersion(THandle aProvider, uint32_t aValue, uint32_t* aChanged);
/**
 * Get a copy of the value of the PolicyVersion property
 *
 * Can only be called if DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyVersion has previously been called.
 *
 * @param[in]  aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[out] aValue     Value for the property
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1GetPropertyPolicyVersion(THandle aProvider, uint32_t* aValue);
/**
 * Set the value of the PolicyAgreed property
 *
 * Can only be called if DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyAgreed has previously been called.
 *
 * @param[in]  aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in]  aValue     New value for the property
 * @param[out] aChanged   1 if the value has been updated; 0 if it was the same as the previous value
 *
 * @return  0 if the property was successfully set; non-zero if there was an error (including
 *          an attempt to set a property to a value not in its allowed range/set)
 */
DllExport int32_t STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1SetPropertyPolicyAgreed(THandle aProvider, uint32_t aValue, uint32_t* aChanged);
/**
 * Get a copy of the value of the PolicyAgreed property
 *
 * Can only be called if DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyAgreed has previously been called.
 *
 * @param[in]  aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[out] aValue     Value for the property
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1GetPropertyPolicyAgreed(THandle aProvider, uint32_t* aValue);
/**
 * Set the value of the PolicyDetails property
 *
 * Can only be called if DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyDetails has previously been called.
 *
 * @param[in]  aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[in]  aValue     New value for the property (will be copied)
 * @param[out] aChanged   1 if the value has been updated; 0 if it was the same as the previous value
 *
 * @return  0 if the property was successfully set; non-zero if there was an error (including
 *          an attempt to set a property to a value not in its allowed range/set)
 */
DllExport int32_t STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1SetPropertyPolicyDetails(THandle aProvider, const char* aValue, uint32_t* aChanged);
/**
 * Get a copy of the value of the PolicyDetails property
 *
 * Can only be called if DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1EnablePropertyPolicyDetails has previously been called.
 *
 * @param[in]  aProvider  Handle returned by DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1Create
 * @param[out] aValue     Value for the property.  Caller is responsible for freeing this.
 */
DllExport void STDCALL DvProviderLinnCoUkPrivacy1GetPropertyPolicyDetails(THandle aProvider, char** aValue);

/* @} */

#ifdef __cplusplus
} // extern "C"
#endif

#endif // HEADER_DVLINNCOUKPRIVACY1_C

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There are formulas that every Microsoft Excel user must know, characteristics, and a few standard keyboard shortcuts. Make you more efficient and this Excel Cheatsheet is a guide for learning shortcuts and simple characteristics of Shine, to produce it more convenient. Most Commonly Applied Exceed Keyboard Shortcuts Microsoft Excel Cheatsheet reference manual… Selecting Ctrl + Spacebar – Selects the entire column in a worksheet. Change Spacebar – Chooses the entire line in a worksheet. Content and Paste Ctrl + C – Backup text. Ctrl V – Composite. Ctrl + Alt + V – Opens Paste Specific dialogue box.
Location the newspaper and insert strips regional.
Ctrl + D – Uses Fill Down functionality to repeat items and style of cell that is leading to selected cells below. Normal Ctrl + 1 – Structure dialogue box. Ctrl Z – Undo Ctrl + Y – Upgrade Ctrl F2 – Print Preview Ctrl F – Substitute and Locate dialogue box Alt + Switch F1 – Inserts new worksheet. Navigation Ctrl Property – Returns to mobile A-1 Ctrl + End – Moves to the last used mobile in the worksheet. Function Keys F1 – Support F2 – Edits cell that is effective, puts insertion cursor at end-of cell items. F4 – Replicate last control or activity. F7 – Spellcheck F11 – Generates a of information in the assortment that is chosen that is current.
F12 – Save As… Formula Elements Defined Mobile Expressions Name of a Cell – Instances: A10 (Order A, Line 10), or F36 (Line F, Strip 36) Numerous Individual Cells – Examples: A9,G22 (Cell A9 and G22), or B12, Z24,AA13 (Cells B12, Z24, and AA13) Cell Ranges – Instances: C11:C95 (Cells in order C and rows 11-95), or D14:H22 (cells in posts D through H, and tissues 14-22) Formula Writing – All supplements start out with "=", include a range of tissues, and a function like QUANTITY. Example: =SUM(A12:A27) may display the sum of all figures in essaycapital.net/research-paper-writing/ lines 12-27 in column A. More techniques and Excel Formula recommendations. Typical Succeed Math Functions Common – Finds the common price of the selected selection. Illustration: =Average(A2:C14) Count – Returns the number of tissues that have numbers. Case: If you had figures in cells A1, A2, and A6 and words in tissues A3, A4, and A5, make use of the formula =Count(A1:A6) also it would return 3, since three of the cells within the selection are variety articles. Max – Finds the largest benefit inside the chosen range. Example: =Max(B2:B88) could get the highest quantity in that variety and display it.
I see you have an easy range of poet that is fantastic although williams is also not there.
Min – Finds the littlest value within the assortment that is chosen. Example: =Min(B2:B88) would get the lowest variety in that array and present it. Solution – Multiplies amounts while in the selected selection. Example: =Product(B4,B5) would increase the beliefs in cells B4 and B5 and display the product. Sum – Provides the values inside the selected selection and returns the answer: Case: =Sum(B4,B5) would increase the values of B4 and B5 and return the sum. Trunc – Truncates the amount while in the mobile that is chosen towards the selected amount of decimal areas. Illustration =Trunc(B7, 2) wherever B7=36.251 might return the value 36.25. =Trunc(B7, -1) could return the worth 30. More helpful Excel Characteristics discussed.


Marketing Manager - Acquisition, Huntingdon - Are you looking for an account-based marketing role? Do you want to work for a leading bio research organisation at the forefront of ground-breaking research and drug developments?
This is a rewarding role with a real sense of importance within in the business, a fantastic and friendly culture to boot and an excellent benefits package and opportunity for progression.
Partnering with some brilliant and talented people, you will develop and implement strategies to engage high profile customers of the future. They're looking for a natural communicator who can contribute to the organisation's financial goals, targeting key new accounts and developing bespoke marketing plans. You'll be the go-to member of the team for ensuring campaigns are delivered, strategized and executed with real efficiency. ROI and KPIs will be a big part of this role, so candidates should be driven by commercial gains. This hybrid role boasts fantastic opportunities for someone who is enthusiastic and creative, but for someone who loves the numbers too.


text:
Cut-through in marketing; the music analogy
Thursday, October 20, 2016 Posted by Totally Gaming
Marketing manager of streaming service Deezer gives his tips
The online gaming marketer has an abundance of tools at his disposal to reach so many potential customer, whether it is push notifications, on-screen messaging, SMS, email solutions, home screen messaging, yet the marketing teams often have no idea what will happen once those messages are sent.
This was the message from Golan Shaked, chief marketing officer at Deezer. Previously executive at BwinParty working with the PartyGaming and Foxy Bingo brands, Shaked pointed out that the consumer now has at their disposal devices which are a leap ahead of even what was being used five years ago
"When you think about it, this is just a fraction of the stuff that the digital marketers can use," he told the audience at the EiG Conference. "This isn't the full comprehensive list and the key message is that while we have the tools and the segmentation of the customer, we need to avoid being trigger happy."
He said companies should, for a start, concentrate on the product and spend money on making the user interface as good as it can be. But he added that research was also fundamental. "We are spending a lot more money on psychographics and observational research, understanding in our case, how they interact with the music."
He added: "What we are trying to understand is what they are not telling us when they are listening to the music; their facial expressions, how they react emotionally," he said.
He pointed out that Deezer was a challenger brand, and that the company needed to constantly test how consumers were interacting with the brand. He added that consumers learn more about your product from actually using it.
He said that to achieve marketing cut-through, brands had to understand the context of the interaction. He added that a particularly good example in the online gambling world was bingo. From his time at Foxy Bingo, Shaked said the company understood from the observational research that the players like to smoke cigarettes while watching TV and having a cup of tea when they were playing.
"Once we discovered how these people played, we decided to tailor our product for smaller devices, laptops and tablets," he said. "That changed the entire dynamic of how we developed the product."
Totally Gaming says: There is much more we can learn as an industry from those working in disparate fields, particularly when it comes to marketing. What Shaked says about his experience at Deezer is instructive, partly due to his online gambling background, but also because it shows how other industries are facing similar issues an attempting to achieve cut-through in very busy consumer marketplaces.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Isaac Sims accounts for 3 TDs as Shades Valley beats Jackson-Olin
Jackson-Olin at Shades Valley HS Football
By Anton Williams | AL.com
Shades Valley quarterback Isaac Sims rushed for two touchdowns and threw for another as the Mounties decisively beat Class 6A, No. 9 Jackson-Olin 38-12 to open their season.
The host Mounties kept Alabama commitment Quandarrius Robinson in check all evening long, limiting him to just five tackles on defense.
The first quarter saw no score, but Shades Valley hit the gas pedal in the second to score three touchdowns — a 2-yard run from Antonio Williams, a 78-yard Sims pass to Alfonso Weather and a 52-yard rush from DeAndre Olds — along with a field goal from Braxton Smith.
Jackson-Olin's lone score in the second quarter came on a 4-yard touchdown from Malek Love to Kentrel Calhoun.
Sims ran for 12- and 5-yard scores in the second half for the Mounties, while Kizer Jones caught an 8-yard touchdown reception from Love for Jackson-Olin's only score after halftime.
Sims finished with 10 rushes for 75 yards and 95 yards passing. Williams went for 173 yards on the ground. Love went 8-of-11 with 80 yards and two scores for Jackson-Olin (1-1).
Defensively, Edward Spearman and Samuel Howard stood out for Shades Valley, combining for 19 tackles and five sacks.
Coachspeak: "It's nice to start out 1-0. I felt like we played a pretty good game tonight Our defense is our strength, and we have some really good players in Howard and Spearman. They believe what we're doing here and when you do that you make good things happen." — Shades Valley coach David Partridge
"We are a young team. We need to reassess and regather the troops. We have a chance to be a pretty good team. I just don't know when." — Mustangs coach Tim Vakakes
They said it...: "We were able to execute our drives and we felt like we could have scored on every possession." — Sims
"I played pretty decent tonight but could have been better. We have to learn how to finish our drives with consistency. And I have to improve every game to make that happen." — Robinson


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Each specializes in sports gambling with online poker rooms and casinos decreasing secondary into the most important business. Should you would like to bet your preferred sports. To make sure that the on line sports gambling web sites on the rating guide will be the most best, SBR is monitoring forums and performing customer feedback polls.
You'll get loads bet.gg of money. You only should bet money that you are able to afford to lose. The money will be credited to your gaming account less than an hour or so (often 15-30 minutes) and you are able to get started betting on the web. But certain you are about losing or winning, you know that you've got a little quantity of cash. When you obtain money in your NETELLER account, you should deposit at the minimum at each of the betting sites you mean to use. If you're blessed, you may potentially buy some additional money. Know just how much it is possible to play with.
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It's possible to learn by which bets you're earning money and where you're losing money. If you're designed to place a bet with an online book maker or gambling site you certainly should accomplish this in Rupees. When you win a bet, you would like your sports betting sites to be in a position to get paid good on that bet. Betting is of amazing significance in the finest Netent live casino. You limit every bet that just $ 5 was set on by you.
After you've familiarized yourself with online wagering and a specific web casino, then you're going to want to test a few the harder and fulfilling table games. It is likely to also have a look at our casino, where you might play the newest games powered by the most recent tech. It's really a fantastic idea. Irrespective of what you have got to bypass enjoying gambling online, you'll find various points to test. Well the term gaming covers just about everything you set a bet on and lots of sorts of gambling are skill.
The Mr McKenic® brand encompasses a wide-range of popular products that clean, wash, disinfect, degrease, lubricate, polish and protect both at the workplace and at home.


The glutes (aka the BOOTY) is one of your bodies largest and strongest muscle groups. It is responsible for the movement in your hips, (twerking anyone?) and moving you in all directions from up and down, forward and backwards as well as side to side.
Sitting all day on your glutes doesn't do any good to strengthen them. It's important that you take some extra time in your fitness routine to give them the training they need.
In this video, I highlight some moves that will improve the strength of your glutes.


text:
Elena Malykhina
Skype Cuts SMS Fees In Half
Skype is trying to persuade people to use its SMS service instead of those offered by cellular carriers.
Voice over IP provider Skype on Thursday said it's slashing the cost of sending Short Message Service messages using its service by 50% for the next several days.
Between May 2 and May 8, Skype users who send SMS messages to recipients in the United States, Australia, Poland, Russia, Taiwan, Belgium, Thailand, Ireland, Austria, and Italy will be charged half the usual rate. Before the week-long reduction, Skype charged $0.112 per message sent to recipients in the United States, $0.088 to Australia, and $0.063 to Thailand.
SMS messages can be sent by Skype users from their PCs to mobile phones. Skype users also can make free or cheap voice calls and video calls using the company's services.
Skype is trying to persuade people to use its SMS service instead of those offered by cellular carriers. Some of the top U.S. cellular carriers have raised their per-message rates for both sending and receiving SMS, while Skype is offering a reduction in SMS fees, the company said in a statement.
It's not the first time Skype has lashed out against the cellular carriers. In February, the company filed a petition with the Federal Communications Commission requesting that the rules of consumer broadband be applied to the wireless industry. Specifically, Skype asked the FCC to open up wireless networks, allowing consumers to use any mobile device they choose on any wireless network with any application.


text:
Hyposidra albomacularia är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen 1881. Hyposidra albomacularia ingår i släktet Hyposidra och familjen mätare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Mätare
albomacularia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


From the hwy 41/18 intersection in Barnesville, head east on 18 towards Zebulon approximately 3 miles. Home will be on left.
662 Highway 18 has 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms located in Barnesville GA, Lamar County. This property is listed for sale at $325,000 and is currently active and accepting offers.


text:
New Play Reading at Dreamcatcher Repertory
Why are our neighbors disappearing?
Wolf at the Door
by Richard Dresser
Directed by Laura Ekstrand
Wednesday, May 23 @ 7 pm
An upper west side apartment building has a new owner, and the residents are spooked. Why are their neighbors steadily disappearing? Why are the Norwegians being confined to the top floor? And what are the intentions of their landlord, who has yet to keep any of his promises?
About the playwright:
Richard Dresser's plays have been produced in New York, regional theater, and Europe. They include Rounding Third, which started in Chicago, appeared off-Broadway and has had hundreds of productions. It was recently made into a film starring John C. McGinley and Garret Dillahunt for release in 2016. Below the Belt and Gun-Shy, both started at the Humana Festival at Actors Theatre of Louisville before moving off-Broadway. Below the Belt was made into the film "Human Error" directed by Robert M. Young which appeared at Sundance. His trilogy of plays about happiness in America includes Augusta (working class), The Pursuit of Happiness (middle class), and A View of the Harbor (upper class). Other plays are: The Last Days of Mickey & Jean, Something in the Air, The Downside, Alone at the Beach, Wonderful World, and Better Days,plus many short plays.
General Admission $10.00
https://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/2964539
What is the Meet the Artist Series ?
The new play reading series is a chance for the audience to participate in the development of new works, both to hear the play read by professional actors and also to discuss the project with the playwright, director and actors afterward. Feedback from these evenings helps the playwrights to further refine their scripts and also gives them a first-hand experience of how the audience will respond to the finished work. These evenings provide a fun and lively way to interact with the creative process, and to receive a preview of plays that may be performed on Dreamcatcher's mainstage in the future.
Dreamcatcher Repertory Theatre
Oakes Center * 120 Morris Avenue * Summit, NJ 07901
Tickets: 800-838-3006 | Info: 908-514-9654
www.dreamcatcherrep.org
Labels: Dreamcatcher Rep, Dreamcatcher Repertory Theatre Company, Laura Ekstrand, new play reading
See A Play!
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Theatrical Photograpy
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'Mrs. Stern Wanders the Prussian State Library' extended at Luna Stage
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George Street Playhouse Announces 2018-19 Season
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Audition: 'The Outsiders' at Holmdel
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Puccini Musicale - Sunday, May 20
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EXIT 22 Monthly Musical- Open to All
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text:
Today's entry window: 10:00am-5:00pm
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Meredith Harris
Reintroduction Biologist
Areas of Expertise: Aquaculture and Stream Ecology
Meredith first discovered her love of aquatic biology when she moved to the epicenter of American freshwater fish biodiversity in Knoxville, Tennessee. There, she obtained her Bachelor's of Science in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from the University of Tennessee in 2013. Upon graduation, she began working at Conservation Fisheries, Inc., propagating, stocking, and surveying for rare and endangered native freshwater fishes. In 2015, she returned to UT to earn her Master's in Fisheries Science. Her thesis research explored the antimicrobial properties of Mountain Madtom epidermal mucus and its role in paternal care as well as the interspecific competition for habitat between invasive crayfishes and madtoms. Meredith joined the Conservation Institute team in October 2017 as our Reintroduction Biologist. She oversees the propagation of Lake Sturgeon, Southern Appalachian Brook Trout, and Barrens Topminnows, and is developing propagation protocols for the Laurel Dace, Longhead Darters, and many more!
You can also find me: Singing Rocky Top at the top of my lungs in Neyland Stadium
Guilty Pleasure Music Selection: Taylor Swift, but there's nothing guilty about it!
B.S. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee
M.S. Fisheries Science, University of Tennessee
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Public Lands for the People (PLP) filed a federal lawsuit against the State of California on Monday, September 14, to restore the rights of suction gold dredgers.
PLP declares the prohibition of suction dredge mining and closure of waterways is in violation of numerous acts, laws, regulations, and violates both the Constitution of the United States and the State of California. The lawsuit seeks an injunction against the State to enjoin and restrain them from implementing or enforcing the prohibition and closure.
You can read a copy of the lawsuit here (pdf).


text:
package net.mehmetatas.kata.impl;

import net.mehmetatas.kata.Iterator;

public class IteratorImpl<T> implements Iterator<T>
{
    private final Iterable<T> collection;
    private java.util.Iterator<T> iterator;
    private T current;

    public IteratorImpl(Iterable<T> collection) {
        if (collection == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("collection cannot be null");
        }

        this.collection = collection;

        initIterator();
    }

    private void initIterator() {
        iterator = collection.iterator();

        if (!moveNext()) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("empty collections are not supported");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public T current() {
        return current;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean moveNext() {
        if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
            return false;
        }

        current = iterator.next();
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void reset() {
        initIterator();
    }
}


text:
Džama Masdžíd (, , ) je hlavní mešita v indickém městě Dillí. Nachází se ve Starém Dillí, na jeho východním okraji, jihozápadně od Červené pevnosti, mezi třídou Chawri Bazar a tržištěm Mína Bazaar.

Popis stavby
Mešita patří k hlavním ukázkám mughalské architektury v Indii. Pojme až 25 tisíc věřících.

Do budovy vede přístup třemi branami. Samotná mešita se nachází i se svým nádvořím na vyvýšené ploše vysoké 9 m a o rozloze 1200 m2. K ní je možný přístup po třech schodištích, každé má cca 30–40 schodů. Věřící vstupují jižním a severním schodištěm; schodiště východní, které je orientováno směrem k tržišti Mína Bazaar, je otevíráno pouze o víkendu a během existence Mughalské říše sloužilo pro císaře.

Má čtyři věže a dva čtyřicetimetrové minarety. Pro obklad této stavby, zbudované z prostých cihel, byl použit v architektuře z této doby tradiční červený pískovec kombinovaný s bílým mramorem. Nápadné jsou tři bílé kupole, z nichž centrální je oproti dvěma okrajovým vyvýšená.

Centrálním prvkem stavby je dominantní oblouk (íván), který je předsazen před krytou místností. Íván je obložený bílým mramorem, v horní části se nachází prvky islámské kaligrafie.

Historie
Podoba stavby byla značně inspirována obdobnou mešitou v Ágře. Mešita byla vybudována z rozhodnutí mughalského císaře Šáhdžahána mezi lety 1650 až 1656; na samotné mešitě je připomínán rok 1050 po hidžre. Na monumentální stavbě ve své době pracovalo více než pět tisíc dělníků. Původní název stavby zněl Masdžíd i Džahán Numá, neboli Mešita ozařující svět. Na stavební práce dohlížel sám mughalský vezír (dnešní terminologií předseda vlády) Sáduláh Chán. Náklady na stavbu jsou odhadovány na jeden milion tehdejších rupií. Stavba vznikala v podobné době kdy se rozvíjelo dnešní Staré Dillí.

Po velkém indickém povstání v roce 1857 britská koloniální správa mešitu zabavila a umístila sem vojenskou posádku. Hrozili také zničením stavby, vzhledem k opozici ze strany místních muslimských věřících však toto nakonec nebylo provedeno.

V roce 2006 údajně nabídl saúdskoarabský král Abd Alláh bin Abd al-Azíz místnímu imámovi financování obnovy stavby, která byla v nepříliš uspokojivém stavu. Imám požádal královskou rodinu, aby o uvedených záležitostech jednala s odpovídajícími představiteli Indie.

V letech 2006 a 2010 došlo v blízkosti stavby k dvěma teroristickým útokům. U prvního případu se jednalo o bombový útok nedlouho po pátečních modlitbách (kdy se v mešitě a jejím okolí shromažďuje značné množství lidí), u druhého potom o střelbu útočníka na motorce.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Mešity v Indii
Postaveno 1656
Dillí


text:
Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Veitsbronn – wspólnota administracyjna (niem. Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) w Niemczech, w kraju związkowym Bawaria, w rejencji Środkowa Frankonia, w regionie Planungsregion Nürnberg, w powiecie Landkreis Fürth. Siedziba wspólnoty znajduje się w miejscowości Veitsbronn.

We wspólnocie zrzeszone są dwie gminy (Gemeinde):
 Seukendorf; 3067 mieszkańców, 8,51 km²
 Veitsbronn; 6295 mieszkańców, 16,16 km²

Veitsbronn
Veitsbronn, wspólnota


text:
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}

/**
 * Shortcut for page post cache flush
 *
 * @param integer $post_id
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_pgcache_flush_post($post_id) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');

    return $w3_cacheflush->pgcache_flush_post($post_id);
}

/**
 * Shortcut for url page cache flush
 *
 * @param string $url
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_pgcache_flush_url($url) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');

    return $w3_cacheflush->pgcache_flush_url($url);
}

/**
 * Shortcut for database cache flush
 *
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_dbcache_flush() {
    $w3_db = w3_instance('W3_DbCache');
    return $w3_db->flush_cache();
}

/**
 * Shortcut for minify cache flush
 *
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_minify_flush() {
    $w3_minify = w3_instance('W3_Minify');

    return $w3_minify->flush();
}

/**
 * Shortcut for objectcache cache flush
 *
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_objectcache_flush() {
    $w3_objectcache = w3_instance('W3_ObjectCache');
    return $w3_objectcache->flush();
}

/**
 * Shortcut for CDN cache post purge
 * @param $post_id
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_cdncache_purge_post($post_id) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_cacheflush->cdncache_purge_post($post_id);
}

/**
 * Shortcut for CDN cache url purge
 * @param string $url
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_cdncache_purge_url($url) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_cacheflush->cdncache_purge_url($url);
}

/**
 * Shortcut for CDN cache purge
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_cdncache_purge() {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_cacheflush->cdncache_purge();
}

/**
 * Shortcut for CDN purge files
 * @param array $files Array consisting of uri paths (i.e wp-content/uploads/image.pnp)
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_cdn_purge_files($files) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_cacheflush->cdn_purge_files($files);
}

/**
 * Prints script tag for scripts group
 *
 * @param string $location
 * @retun void
 */
function w3tc_minify_script_group($location) {
    $w3_plugin_minify = w3_instance('W3_Plugin_Minify');
    $w3_plugin_minify->printed_scripts[] = $location;

    echo $w3_plugin_minify->get_script_group($location);
}

/**
 * Prints style tag for styles group
 *
 * @param string $location
 * @retun void
 */
function w3tc_minify_style_group($location) {
    $w3_plugin_minify = w3_instance('W3_Plugin_Minify');
    $w3_plugin_minify->printed_styles[] = $location;

    echo $w3_plugin_minify->get_style_group($location);
}

/**
 * Prints script tag for custom scripts
 *
 * @param string|array $files
 * @param boolean $blocking
 * @return void
 */
function w3tc_minify_script_custom($files, $blocking = true) {
    $w3_plugin_minify = w3_instance('W3_Plugin_Minify');
    echo $w3_plugin_minify->get_script_custom($files, $blocking);
}

/**
 * Prints style tag for custom styles
 *
 * @param string|array $files
 * @param boolean $import
 * @return void
 */
function w3tc_minify_style_custom($files, $import = false) {
    $w3_plugin_minify = w3_instance('W3_Plugin_Minify');
    echo $w3_plugin_minify->get_style_custom($files, $import);
}

/**
 * @param string $fragment_group
 * @param boolean $global If group is for whole network in MS install
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_fragmentcache_flush_group($fragment_group, $global = false) {
    $w3_fragmentcache = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_fragmentcache->fragmentcache_flush_group($fragment_group, $global);
}

/**
 * Flush all fragment groups
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_fragmentcache_flush() {
    $w3_fragmentcache = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_fragmentcache->fragmentcache_flush();
}

/**
 * Register a fragment group and connected actions for current blog
 * @param string $group
 * @param array $actions on which actions group should be flushed
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_register_fragment_group($group, $actions) {
    $w3_fragmentcache = w3_instance('W3_Pro_Plugin_FragmentCache');
    return $w3_fragmentcache->register_group($group, $actions);
}

/**
 * Register a fragment group for whole network in MS install
 * @param $group
 * @param $actions
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_register_fragment_global_group($group, $actions) {
    $w3_fragmentcache = w3_instance('W3_Pro_Plugin_FragmentCache');
    return $w3_fragmentcache->register_global_group($group, $actions);
}

/**
 * Shortcut for varnish flush
 *
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_varnish_flush() {
    $w3_pgcache = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');
    return $w3_pgcache->varnish_flush();
}

/**
 * Shortcut for post varnish flush
 *
 * @param integer $post_id
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_varnish_flush_post($post_id) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');

    return $w3_cacheflush->varnish_flush_post($post_id);
}

/**
 * Shortcut for url varnish flush
 *
 * @param string $url
 * @return boolean
 */
function w3tc_varnish_flush_url($url) {
    $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');

    return $w3_cacheflush->varnish_flush_url($url);
}

/**
 * Deletes files.
 *
 * @param string $mask regular expression matching files to be deleted
 * @param bool $http if delete request should be made over http to current site. Default false.
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_apc_delete_files_based_on_regex($mask, $http = false) {
    if (!$http) {
        $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');

        return $w3_cacheflush->apc_delete_files_based_on_regex($mask);
    } else {
        $url = WP_PLUGIN_URL . '/' . dirname(W3TC_FILE) . '/pub/apc.php';
        $path = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);
        $post = array(
            'method' => 'POST',
            'timeout' => 45,
            'redirection' => 5,
            'httpversion' => '1.0',
            'blocking' => true,
            'body' => array( 'nonce' => wp_hash($path), 'command' => 'delete_files', 'regex' => $mask),
        );
        $result = wp_remote_post($url, $post);
        if (is_wp_error($result)) {
            return $result;
        } elseif ($result['response']['code'] != '200') {
            return $result['response']['code'];
        }

        return true;
    }
}

/**
 * Reloads files.
 * @param string[] $files list of files supports, fullpath, from root, wp-content
 * @param bool $http if delete request should be made over http to current site. Default false.
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_apc_reload_files($files, $http = false) {

    if (!$http) {
        $w3_cacheflush = w3_instance('W3_CacheFlush');

        return $w3_cacheflush->apc_reload_files($files);
    } else {
        $url = WP_PLUGIN_URL . '/' . dirname(W3TC_FILE) . '/pub/apc.php';
        $path = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);

        $post = array(
            'method' => 'POST',
            'timeout' => 45,
            'redirection' => 5,
            'httpversion' => '1.0',
            'blocking' => true,
            'body' => array( 'nonce' => wp_hash($path), 'command' => 'reload_files', 'files' => $files),
        );
        $result = wp_remote_post($url, $post);
        if (is_wp_error($result)) {
            return $result;
        } elseif ($result['response']['code'] != '200') {
            return $result['response']['code'];
        }

        return true;
    }
}

/**
 * Use w3tc_get_themes() to get a list themenames to use with user agent groups
 * @param $group_name
 * @param string $theme the themename default is default theme. For childtheme it should be parentthemename/childthemename
 * @param string $redirect
 * @param array $agents Remember to escape special characters like spaces, dots or dashes with a backslash. Regular expressions are also supported.
 * @param bool $enabled
 */
function w3tc_save_user_agent_group($group_name, $theme = 'default', $redirect = '', $agents = array(), $enabled = false) {
    /**
     * @var $w3_mobile W3_Mobile
     */
    $w3_mobile = w3_instance('W3_Mobile');
    $w3_mobile->save_group($group_name, $theme, $redirect, $agents, $enabled);
}

/**
 * @param $group
 */
function w3tc_delete_user_agent_group($group) {
    /**
     * @var $w3_mobile W3_Mobile
     */
    $w3_mobile = w3_instance('W3_Mobile');
    $w3_mobile->delete_group($group);

}

/**
 * @param $group
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_get_user_agent_group($group) {
    /**
     * @var $w3_mobile W3_Mobile
     */
    $w3_mobile = w3_instance('W3_Mobile');
    return $w3_mobile->get_group_values($group);
}

/**
 * Use w3tc_get_themes() to get a list themenames to use with referrer groups
 * @param $group_name
 * @param string $theme the themename default is default theme. For childtheme it should be parentthemename/childthemename
 * @param string $redirect
 * @param array $referrers Remember to escape special characters like spaces, dots or dashes with a backslash. Regular expressions are also supported.
 * @param bool $enabled
 */
function w3tc_save_referrer_group($group_name, $theme = 'default', $redirect = '', $referrers = array(), $enabled = false) {
    /**
     * @var $w3_referrer W3_Referrer
     */
    $w3_referrer = w3_instance('W3_Referrer');
    $w3_referrer->save_group($group_name, $theme, $redirect, $referrers, $enabled);
}

/**
 * @param $group
 */
function w3tc_delete_referrer_group($group) {
    /**
     * @var $w3_referrer W3_Referrer
     */
    $w3_referrer = w3_instance('W3_Referrer');
    $w3_referrer->delete_group($group);
}

/**
 * @param $group
 * @return mixed
 */
function w3tc_get_referrer_group($group) {
    /**
     * @var $w3_mobile W3_Referrer
     */
    $w3_referrer = w3_instance('W3_Referrer');
    return $w3_referrer->get_group_values($group);
}


This Silent innovation from Neutrik mutes the signal when coupling/removing the jack to eliminate pops and squeals, simple and genius for the gigging musician. The cable has a PVC/Neoprene composite jacket making it very durable and very flexible. These are Pro-Choice leads perfect for use in all un-balanced situations including with instruments such Guitars, Bass Guitars, Violins, Keyboards, etc and as patch leads in the studio.
Van Damme's XKE instrument cable terminated with Silent Neutrik Jacks. This innovation from Neutrik mutes the signal when coupling/removing the jack to eliminate pops and squeals, simple and genius for the gigging musician.
7 thick strands of oxygen free copper carry the signal and 80 finer strands make up the screen to ensure the signal remains clean. Couple all of this with the durability of the Neutrik connectors and you have a lead that looks outstanding, sounds awesome and will be a valuable part of your kit for a long time.
You're reviewing:Neutrik Silent (muting) Mono Jack Guitar Lead. Van Damme XKE Flexible Cable.


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Renewable Energies marketing models Kazakhstan
In 2013, the Kazakh government adopted a concept for the transition to a green economy, which among other things should support the expansion of renewable energies. At the same time, the Kazakh law on renewable energies of 2009 was reformed and a fixed feed-in tariff was adopted in an ordinance. The model of the feed-in tariff was and remains dependent on the type of energy production (photovoltaic, wind, biogas, and water).
Originally, the following feed-in tariffs1 were planned:
wind power plants - 22.68 KZT,
photovoltaic systems - 34.61 KZT,
(small) hydropower plants - 16.71 KZT,
biogas plants - 32.23 KZT.
For (the now old) investment projects with liabilities in foreign currency, the feed-in tariffs were linked to the US dollar in the event of a change in the exchange rate of the national currency (KZT) to the convertible currencies by 25 percent or more, in a procedure determined by the Kazakh government. This indexation had led to a strong increase in the interest of foreign investors in the expansion of renewable energy sources. This is how the Kazakh government came close to its goal of increasing the share of renewable energies in the country to 3 percent by 2020, 10 percent by 2030, and 50 percent by 2050.
Since March 2018, Kazakhstan has been pursuing a different strategy. The interest of investors is to be increased by introducing an auction system. Projects of up to 1,000 megawatts in total should be put out to tender. The first tenders were subject to a maximum price which the bidders were able to undercut in the auction. These maximum prices were determined by a reference to the feed-in tariffs set in 2013.
The Kazakh legislator has thus introduced an auction system that follows the model of the lowest bid. For further auctions, the maximum or starting price was then the (final) price fixed at the last auction. The provision of security in the form of a bank guarantee, as a precondition for participation in the auction, is also intended to ensure that only reputable investors participate in the auctions. It is also planned to provide a security deposit for the realization of the project, which can only be repaid to the investor after completion of the investment project.
Currently, the following initial prices for auctions are valid (as of 27 October 2020):
wind turbines - 22.68 KZT (0.043 EUR*),
photovoltaic systems - 34.61 KZT (0.067 EUR*),
(small) hydropower plants - 16.71 KZT (0.032 EUR*),
biogas plants - 32.23 KZT (0.063 EUR*).
* The exchange rate on 27 October 2020 is 1 Euro = 507, 618 KZT / 1 KZT = 0.00196999
Investors will still be exempted from the network transmission fees. They are also entitled to a grid connection for their project.
With the feed-in tariff model, investors do not need to look for sales opportunities, since the "Financial Settlement Center" acts as the central buyer of the energy generated from renewable energy sources. This is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the state-owned grid operator "Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company - KEGOC", which finances its activities from payments made by conventional energy producers.
Current Challenges
Projects in the field of renewable energy sources are considered priority investment projects. This allows investors to benefit from tax and customs preferences. Exemption from customs duties as well as the granting of tax exemptions (e.g. real estate tax) and facilitation for the entry of foreign specialists are some examples of the applicable promotional measures.
However, it should be noted that only projects above a certain investment size can benefit from these preferences. According to the exchange rate of the KZT to the USD, the investment volume must be approximately USD 11 million.
One of the challenges is the legal certainty in questions of taxation. Currently a change in the Kazakh tax law is being discussed, which, among other things, provides for the annual taxation of photovoltaic systems with a land tax of 1.5 percent p.a. based on the book value. As a result, smaller projects are de facto disadvantaged. This is the case, for example, only concerning the annual real estate tax of 1.5 percent to be paid.
Due to the financing of the feed-in tariff model by conventional energy producers, a growing resistance of the same can be expected soon. It is also true that, for political reasons, there is no intention to pass on the additional costs to the consumer. Investors will be exposed to increasing competitive pressure due to exchange rate risks as well as falling prices for the feed-in tariff, caused by the introduction of an auction system. This is supported by the considerations of the Kazakh state, which has comparatively large gas reserves, to build gas-fired power plants. On the other hand, the EBRD2 forecasts that energy demand will increase by about 2.5 percent annually. This will be the Kazakh demand for renewable energies, also because of the dependence of South Kazakhstan on energy supplies from neighboring countries.
The current potential3 for the expansion of renewable energies is
Wind energy - 920 million MWh/year;
hydropower potential - 62 million MWh/year;
Solar energy - 2.5 million MWh/year;
geothermal water heat potential - 4300 MWh.
1 Financial Settlement Center of RE Kazakhstan (October 2020)
2 Transition to the "Green Economy". RES Kazakhstan (July 2019) / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development / London: One Exchange Square.
3 Investor's Guide to renewable energy projects in Kazakhstan (2020). Power the Future Regional Program. / Nur-sultan: USAID.
The Kazakh legislature has not yet adopted a legal framework for the promotion of self-sufficient plants. Apart from the general customs and sales tax concessions, there is no de facto model of self-consumption.
In the absence of a legally regulated model that regulates the sale of surplus energy, as well as to promote the security of supply in rural areas, the Kazakh government must develop a new concept.
It remains to be seen when the Kazakh government will pay attention to the concept of self-sufficiency. In the meantime, the implementation of large projects should increase the share of renewable energy.
When realizing renewable energy projects, a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is almost always concluded.
Currently, investors who want to develop projects in Kazakhstan and who have successfully participated in an auction can conclude a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the "Financial Settlement Center". The legal basis for the conclusion of the PPA is the Ministerial Order of 11.09.2018 on No.: 360. The PPA is also a model contract, the terms, and conditions of which cannot be changed. The term of the PPA is 15 years. The beginning of the term is the date of successful testing of the equipment, which is documented. The energy fed into the grid from this date must be paid for by the "Financial Settlement Center".
The PPA provides for several contractual obligations for the investor, which must be observed to avoid termination and other disadvantages. These include, among other things, obligations to submit a notice of the start of construction as well as the notification of acceptance of the completed plant.
The PPA also provides for indexation of the feed-in tariff. Exchange rate fluctuations are indexed in proportion to the Kazakh Currency (KZT) to the USD in the amount of 70 percent. At the same time, 30 percent of the feed-in tariff is adjusted to the consumer price index.
Further information on indexation can be found on the website of the Financial Settlement Center.
Currently, there are numerous bureaucratic hurdles to be overcome in the execution of the PPAs. In some cases, there are discrepancies between the requirements in the PPA and the Kazakh standards, which have since been repealed. Right. An example is the contractual obligation of the investor to present a so-called technical passport of the plant. Although the so-called technical passport has now been abolished, the Financial Settlement Center has occasionally demanded it regarding the contractual regulation.
Furthermore, there are further obligations of the investor to provide information, e.g. on the existence of liabilities in foreign currencies. According to the relevant regulations, it is only sufficient to inform the investor whether such liability exists at all. In individual cases, the "Financial Settlement Center" required additional information, e.g. on the composition of the liability or the term of the loan.
Another challenge is to ensure the solvency of the Financial Settlement Center. The "Financial Settlement Center" is legally obliged to set up a reserve fund to secure claims for payments under the PPA. However, the reserve fund can accumulate reserves exclusively in local currency (PPA). Due to the volatility of the Kazakh currency and the fact that further projects will be realized in the future, the solvency of the Financial Settlement Center could be questioned, as only 3 percent of the annual expenses for investor compensation are secured by the reserve fund. In conclusion, however, it should be noted that the Financial Settlement Center has so far always fulfilled its obligations on time and in full.
The Kazakh government continues to make efforts to improve legal certainty for the PPAs. With the government decree of June 19, 2019, a clause has been included in the model PPAs, whereby in the event of disputes, the international arbitration court located at the International Financial Center Astana can be designated as the competent court.
International banks such as the EBRD will continue to work to improve the legal framework to enhance the bankability of future PPAs.
The resource potential of renewable energies in Kazakhstan is:
hydropower potential - 62 million MWh/year,
There is no specific legal framework for the operation of leased equipment.
Challenges exist concerning the legal design of contracts and tax issues.
Leasing as an alternative form of financing depends on the financial feasibility of the respective business model, which would also have to be financed by banks.
Kazakh legislation allows the conclusion of electricity supply contracts between the energy producer and a consumer. The price can be freely agreed upon by the parties to the electricity supply contract.
The practical relevance of the conclusion of electricity supply contracts is, however, of minor importance. Kazakhstan generates most of its energy by coal-fired power plants. Due to the enormous coal reserves, the generation of energy does not compete with renewable energy sources.
The challenge is, therefore, to increase tariffs for industry and end-users to make energy production from renewable energy sources competitive.
The direct marketing approach will play a subordinate role in the Kazakh energy market in the coming years due to the described starting position.
Michael Quiring
Attorney at Law (Germany)
Partner, Deputy office head
EU representative for data privacy


The recent and unfortunate loss of dedicated EMTs to traffic accidents is a reminder to everyone in our industry that driving safely is extremely important. The reality is, whether you're in an ambulance or a regular vehicle, there is an inherent risk involved in driving. We've outlined some of the most important steps you can take to make sure you, your patient, and those around you arrive to your destination safely.
Here are 16 ultimate EMT driving tips for all you hard working EMTs!


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Home / Essay Examples / Culture / Discrimination / Steroetypes, Prejudice and Discrimination of other People
Steroetypes, Prejudice and Discrimination of other People
Bias , Discrimination , Injustice , Prejudice , Prejudice And Discrimination , Sexism , Social Issues , Stereotypes
Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination are often interpreted similarly, but are separate issues. Stereotypes are considered as the most cognitive factor and frequently occur without much thought behind the mindset, whereas prejudice is an affective combination of stereotyping and discrimination which leads to hurtful responses. In perspective, stereotypes mirror expectations and opinions about the features of members of groups that are perceived different from one's own, prejudice represents the emotional response, and discrimination refers to actions.
This is important to understand and become familiar with because these can be hurtful towards others and cause problems in people's every day lives. By learning the background, formation, and how these can affect people, it can provide an opportunity to learn from mistakes and help prevent future actions involving stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination towards others.
In order to understand how stereotypes affect others, we must first learn what they are. The formation of stereotypes can be explained in the Social learning theory. People often learn stereotypes from their parents, significant others, and social media. Stereotypes amplify differences between groups whether they are major or minor characteristics. These cover anything from racial groups, political groups, genders, demographic groups, and activities.
The main approach that is often used to explain stereotypes is the "social cognition approach," studied in social psychology. This views social stereotypes as cases of cognitive theories which are broad generalizations that people use in their everyday lives. ('Stereotypes,' Scholar.harvard.edu) This means that people put together opinions based on previous social interactions, experiences, and media influences. The danger in stereotyping does not come from the original creation, but the fact that it may turn into a substitute of a misunderstanding of the social identity. (HAYAKAWA, S. I.) A common example of a stereotype we often hear about are gender roles. These bias opinions cause unfair treatment and lead to sexism. This can range anywhere from personality traits such as women are expected to be emotional while men are expected to be aggressive, domestic behaviors that include the theory that women will take care of the children while the men will work and make money, and physical appearance which expects women to be thin and beautiful while men should be tall and muscular.
Prejudice or 'pre judgement' involves the predetermination and irrational opinion, commonly on the negative side, of hostility, fear, or hatred towards another group or person. This comes from stereotypes and generalizations instead of actual experiences or evidence. Research shows that conformity can be a big reason why people are prejudiced. Conformity is described as the likelihood to act and think like other members of a certain group.
Social norms influence many people where they must feel 'normal' and in compliance with the people around them whether related to or associated with. When parents, friends, social groups, and media show a certain feeling towards a group of people, it is easy to pick up on that feeling and believe the statements without personal thought behind the ideas. Prejudice can make a person feel less than human, frightened, vulnerable, and often lowers self-esteem. Examples of prejudice include racism, sexism, homophobia, religious prejudice, ageism, and nationalism. These feeling can often turn into negative actions by discriminating members of the target group.
Discrimination comes from stereotypes, and prejudiced opinions that lead to hurtful and unjust actions. The two types of discrimination include Direct discrimination and Indirect discrimination. Direct is being treated differently because of who you are and is against the Equality Act 2010. This is unlawful and can be brought to the civil courts. It is only unlawful if you are treated differently because of a protected characteristic, who you are, who someone thinks you are, or because of someone you are with. The Equality Act says one has been treated less favorably because of age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage, pregnancy, race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation. Regardless if the person meant to treat another differently or did not know they were doing so, it is still direct discrimination.
Indirect discrimination is when one is treated in the same way as others, but it has a worse affect on the person because of who they are. This puts a person at a disadvantage when there is a policy or rule that has a bigger affect on particular people than others. Some examples can be arrangements, provisions, qualifications, conditions, or criteria.
Stereotypes cause damage alone, but are also harmful by fostering prejudice and discrimination. These three topics can be linked together but is also possible to have cases of these individually. Some possible ways to fix these problems can be to make new friends, get to know people before you make assumptions, value different views of others, or even travel to learn and understand different cultures. Treating people as individuals rather than members of a generalized group is a big step towards equality. Understanding other people's behavior and actions can help improve human life for everyone.
Steroetypes, Prejudice and Discrimination of Other People. (2021, Apr 16). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/steroetypes-prejudice-and-discrimination-of-other-people/
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