In order to recover from alcoholism it is crucial to understand the process of alcohol addiction. For successful sobriety, you need to know what you're dealing with and how to address it effectively. When you get to the root of the problem, then you have the knowledge you need to end your addictions for good.
Science tells us that alcoholism it is not a psychological disorder, a spiritual illness, weak will or character defects. Although alcohol addiction affects all areas of your life and is experienced physically in many parts of the body, addiction begins in the brain. Alcoholism is a brain disorder.
The reward pathway, also known as the mesolimbic pathway or the pleasure pathway, resides in the center of the brain and is what drives our feelings of motivation, reward and behavior. Its primary job is to make us feel good or "reward" us when we engage in behavior that is necessary for survival, such as eating, drinking water, being nurtured and procreating.
It's also responsible for making sure that we repeat these behaviors over and over to ensure survival of the species. It achieves this goal by giving us feelings of pleasure when we engage in these behaviors. In other words, it reinforces behavior by giving us pleasurable rewards.
This pleasure is given by releasing neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain that make communication between nerve cells possible. The critical neurotransmitter involved in the reward pathway is dopamine. However, there are two other crucial brain pathways that make use of dopamine—the nigrostriatal pathway and the tuberoinfundibular pathway. It is these two pathways together with the reward pathway that make up the dopamine pathway. Therefore, any drug that impacts the reward pathway also impacts these other dopamine pathways as well.
All drugs, and remember alcohol is a drug, stimulate the dopamine pathway -- reward pathway. Some drugs work by stimulating the release of excess dopamine, while others block receptor sites; however, the end result is that the brain is flooded with high levels of dopamine. They also impact the serotonin pathway and other crucial neurotransmitters like GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine and endorphins, but we'll be focusing mostly on dopamine.
GABA is our main inhibitory neurotransmitter. It works as a natural tranquilizer, stops us from being impulsive and prevents over stimulation and also plays a major role in alcohol addiction. Glutamate is important because it's needed for most of the neurotransmission that takes place. People with imbalanced levels of GABA have problems with impulse control, anxiety, nervousness, restlessness and irritability to name only a few, while glutamate is associated with obsessive tendencies.
Serotonin plays a major role in mood, sleep, appetite, pain and regulating body temperature. It also contributes to good feelings of well-being and produces intense euphoria when overstimulated. People with anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression often have a problem in their serotonin and dopamine pathways. Both dopamine and serotonin are sometimes referred to as our "happy hormones." Without them we feel empty and depressed, flat and lifeless.
Endorphins are the bodies built in natural pain reliever. They regulate emotional and physical pain and also influence mood, self-esteem, relaxation and feelings of well-being.
Dopamine gives us pleasurable feelings. It makes us feel good, confident, relaxed, and instills a heightened sense of overall well-being. It improves mood, alertness and libido. When it's overstimulated it produces intense euphoria.
Here's an example of how the reward pathway works: You're hungry and you see a big plate of spaghetti in front you. Your five senses gather information about what you see and send a signal to your brain. Your area of the brain that controls memory tells you that if you eat this plate of spaghetti, it will make you feel good, so it tells you to pick up the fork and eat it.
When you eat it, your five senses tell the brain you're eating something good and that your stomach is getting full. At this point the brain releases the neurotransmitter dopamine from the reward pathway, which gives you a little surge of pleasure. This is your reward for eating the spaghetti.
The reward pathway then connects with other areas of your brain that control memory and behavior and tells it to remember that eating spaghetti makes you feel good. This reinforces that you will repeat this behavior again, to receive the reward and feel the good feelings.
Here's what happens in the reward pathway when you ingest alcohol or drugs: They bypass the five senses and within seconds go directly to the brain's reward pathway. Instead of just a little surge of pleasure, they stimulate the release of excessively high levels of neurotransmitters, which results in an immediate surge of extremely intense pleasure. The amount of dopamine released by drugs of abuse can be two to ten times higher than the amount released by natural means, such as food, and the effects usually last much longer, which is the primary factor in alcohol addiction.
This is what is commonly called the "high." The reward pathway connects with other parts of the brain and tells it to remember that drugs and alcohol create this incredibly good feeling and this is an extremely powerful reinforcement that you'll repeat again so you'll continue to have the pleasurable experience.
The impact of the excessively high levels of dopamine on the brain is so powerful that the brain must find a way to adapt to these powerful surges. One of the ways that it does so is by desensitizing itself or reducing the number of dopamine receptors at the synapse and reducing the amount of dopamine it releases. This results in what we call "tolerance." Once the feelings of pleasure have dissipated, it will now require more of the drug to achieve the same results. The more often you use the drug, the more sensitized your receptors become and the more drugs you require to get high. Alcohol addiction is developing.
With repeated use of a drug, the neurons, which are where the neurotransmitters like dopamine reside, in the brain become dependent upon the drug -— they can no longer function normally without it. The brain no longer produces or releases the essential neurotransmitters that allow us to feel pleasure on its own. When this happens, the user feels depressed and unable to experience pleasure in activities that used to be enjoyable to them and they experience withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not in their system and, thus, they will use again in order to feel better. They now need and crave the drug of abuse to simply bring their dopamine levels back to normal.
Over time, as the brain is forced to continue to adapt to alcohol or drugs, the other areas of the brain outside the reward pathway become affected. The circuitry of the brain that is responsible for memory, learning and judgment becomes hardwired to perform addictive behavior almost innately. It disrupts crucial brain structures that are critical for controlling behavior, especially behaviors related specifically to alcohol or drugs. It erodes one's ability to display self-control and make good decisions. Thus, the drug user is now a drug addict. In the case of alcoholism, alcohol addiction is now full blown.
The faster a substance reaches the brain's reward pathway, the more addiction potential it holds. The quickest route to deliver a drug to the brain is through smoking it and, thus, why substances like crack cocaine and cigarettes are so highly addictive. The second fastest route is through injection, while the third quickest is snorting or sniffing and the least quick is ingestion.
This is why many people advance from one addiction to another. They start out with sugar, caffeine or cigarettes. As the brain adapts and needs more and more to get the same feeling, sugar no longer does the trick, so they move on to cigarettes, after a while cigarettes no longer provides the same relief, so they move on to alcohol. After a while alcohol no longer does the trick and they move on to cocaine and so on and so on.
Although we're talking about alcohol addiction on this page, the process of addiction I've described applies to any addiction regardless of the substance or activity. They flood the brain with neurotransmitters that makes us feel good. Over time this destroys the neurons, then the brain doesn't produce neurotransmitters adequately anymore, the brain needs more and more to function normally. Any substance or activity that stimulates the reward pathway has the potential to be addictive, particularly to brains that are already vulnerable.
This process is also true of serotonin, GABA and endorphins. Alcohol also stimulates a large surge in these neurotransmitters, which leads to depletion and dependence on alcohol to function adequately. Thus resulting in cravings to bring them back to normal and alleviate symptoms like anxiety, depression and irritability.
Additionally, alcohol and all psychotropic substances, mimic our natural neurotransmitters, meaning they can occupy the receptors, which tricks the brain into thinking it has too many and thus it quits producing them. This leaves the brain dependent upon the alcohol or other addictive substances to perform the duties of the impaired neurotransmitter.
It's also important to note, that the fact that neurotransmitters and the reward pathway are at the root of alcohol addiction, and addiction in general, is not my opinion or a theory or concept that I created. It is what science has found to be true and even NIDA, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, is teaching this basic concept. I encourage you to visit the following sites and learn more about the science of alcohol addiction.
The difference between NIDA and many of us in the natural health field is that they fail to understand that alcohol addiction can be addressed successfully with diet, nutrition and lifestyle changes, as I have outlined on the pages of this site.
There are four important criteria that define an addiction.
Psychological – The addicted person uses the substance or activity compulsively regardless of the negative impact it has on their health or life.
Physiological – The substance or activity overstimulates neurotransmitters and the reward pathway in the brain. The intense euphoric feelings that are experienced cause the person to repeat the behavior over and over again to keep experiencing the feelings.
Tolerance – As the brain adapts to excess stimulation of neurotransmitters and the reward pathway, it needs more and more of the substance or activity to achieve the same results.
Dependence – Over time the addicted person's brain, neurotransmitters and reward pathway can't function normally without the substance.
Why are Some People More Vulnerable to Addiction than Others?
Although alcohol addiction begins in the brain, there are many factors that may contribute to setting this monster into action.
It is all about neurotransmitters. People who are vulnerable to addiction typically already have some type of disruption or depletion in their neurotransmitters. Their neurotransmitters were depleted or not functioning properly, sometimes at birth, or at some point in their life a trigger sets them off balance.
Some people are born with a genetic polymorphism in enzymes that are essential to synthesize dopamine and serotonin, thus they are simply not capable of making them. This can be corrected with the appropriate nutritional supplements.
In order to overcome alcohol addiction, each of these factors must be addressed. Some people may be born with nutritional deficiencies or a biochemical imbalance in the neurotransmitters and are an addict waiting to happen, while for others neurotransmitters may become depleted later through child abuse, a poor diet high in sugar or any of the factors mentioned above and addiction is then set into motion.
Addiction develops in a misguided attempt to balance out neurotransmitters. We turn to drugs and alcohol because they give us a boost in the neurotransmitters. Drugs and alcohol provide a temporary fix -- the make us feel better briefly -- but ultimately they damage the neurotransmitters even more and much more severely. The longer you continue to use drugs and alcohol, the more damage that is done. The more damage that is done, the more symptoms and misery that build and more relief is needed. Thus the vicious cycle is set into motion.
After extended alcohol or drug usage, the neurotransmitters have been damaged extensively and the brain no longer functions adequately. When you give up the drugs and alcohol, not only do the excessive levels of neurotransmitters disappear, but now you actually have less than you did before. The brain no longer releases enough of them to perform its job and remember the neurotransmitters have the job of making you feel good, regulating your mood states, pain and stress. Without adequate neurotransmitters you don't feel normal, pleasure or happy.
To stop this roller coaster ride, all behaviors that effect the neurotransmitters negatively must be eliminated. Excessive stimulation of the reward pathway in the brain must stop. The brain must become accustomed to normal levels again, so receptor sites can normalize. So that means you can't ingest or consume any substance that excessively stimulate neurotransmitters and the reward pathway.
It takes time for the neurotransmitters to adjust and balance out. If you continue to eat sugar and other refined foods, consume caffeine, smoke nicotine and be exposed to high levels of environmental toxins your neurotransmitters can never recover and normalize. These substances continue to provide excessive stimulation to neurotransmitters and the reward pathway and perpetuate the physiological process of alcohol addiction.
This is why traditional treatment with a 12-step program is so ineffective and so many people relapse and continue to experience cravings, because the root of alcohol addiction is not addressed. As long as these issues are unresolved, the neurotransmitters continue to be on a roller coaster ride. Cravings for alcohol or drugs will continue as long as the neurotransmitters are continually stimulated excessively and out of balance.
The goal in recovering from alcohol addiction, or any addiction for that matter, is to restore balance to the neurotransmitters. The most crucial step in recovering from any addiction is to stop stimulating the reward pathway in the brain with artificial sources that cause it to release excessive levels of neurotransmitters so that the brain can recover and restore natural order. As long as the reward pathway and other neurotransmitters are excessively stimulated, then cravings for drugs and alcohol will occur and relapse is pretty much imminent. When you stop artificially stimulating the reward pathway and allow your neurotransmitters to stabilize, cravings for alcohol and/or drugs simply disappear. When cravings disappear, then staying sober is no longer a struggle.
The second step is to replenish the neurotransmitters with proper diet, nutritional supplementation and healthy activities like exercise, mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercise or other activities that stimulate neurotransmitters in a healthy and balanced manner.
If you'd like a more comprehensive understanding of this approach and how I used it to achieve 24 years of uninterrupted and craving-free sobriety, you can find step-by-step instructions for balancing your neurotransmitters and achieving life-long and craving-free sobriety, in my Clean and Sober for Life Jump-Start Program.
If that's too much for your pocketbook, you might want to take a look at my book, Get Sober Stay Sober: The Truth About Alcoholism.
Alternatively, if you need a more personal approach for alcohol addiction, you may want to talk with me one-on-one through my sobriety coaching service.
Here's a very important point to keep in mind. The longer you engage in alcohol addiction or your drug of choice, the more damage you do to the neurotransmitters. The harder your drug of choice, the more damage you will do to the neurotransmitters. So recovery for someone who has used softer drugs will have an easier road to recovery than someone who used hard drugs, someone who has drank or used for a shorter period of time will have an easier recovery path than someone who has been at it for decades. Additionally, someone who doesn't have child abuse or neglect in their past will have an easier time in recovery than someone who does, because their neurotransmitters have been damaged since they were a child. So the sooner you begin the recovery process the better off you are in the long run.


The Motor Trend iPod Plug-In Car Charger is designed to charge your iPod and iPod Mini through your car, van, truck or SUV cigarette plug lighter socket. Perfect for long road trips. The charger features a LED power indicator for monitoring the charge and a long durable coil power cord. Can fully charge your iPod or iPod Mini in about 2 hours. You can also listen to your favorites songs on the iPod while the unit is charging.
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You will love this mango kefir ice cream for the probiotic benefits. If you are looking for a summer dessert to make with your milk kefir grains, this mango kefir ice cream is a tasty treat and uses only 4 ingredients. Mango and kefir are a perfect match in flavour. I will also show you some tips for achieving the best results without using an ice cream maker.
If you have been following my blog, you know that I emphasize a lot on probiotic foods, from fermented vegetables, to kombucha to milk kefir. Milk kefir made from milk kefir grains is one of the best source of probiotics providing somewhere between 30 and 50 strains of probiotic bacteria and yeast combined. So it's a no-brainer I would want this good stuff in my kids' ice cream in the summer.
Will Freezing Destroy Probiotics in Kefir?
Here is why I am confident that the freezing of the milk kefir ice cream will not kill off all the probiotic bacteria and yeast.
Perhaps you are aware that milk kefir grains can be stored in freezer for months of time when not used. Although I have not done this myself, the fact that many others have used this method to store unused milk kefir grains and successfully revived their milk kefir grains from dormancy after a storage period in the freezer is a strong proof that the probiotic bacteria and yeast can survive freezing temperature.
Milk kefir grains require a balance of various bacteria and yeast working together to produce delicious kefir. So the milk kefir grains that have survived months of freezer storage must have multiple strains of bacteria and yeast kept alive.
There are so many good microbes in the milk kefir. When frozen, the probiotic counts will slowly decline. As for making kefir ice cream, we are talking about a few hours to days of freezing instead of months in storage. We should still be left with plenty of good bacteria and yeast in the kefir ice cream.
Mango is one of my favourite fruits to pair with milk kefir. Just think the classic recipe of mango lassi that's made from mango and yogurt. Milk kefir is slightly tangy like yogurt. Mango and milk kefir pairing to me is a perfect lassi. You know this combination will be even more awesome in an ice cream!
In order to make this mango kefir ice cream with full probiotic benefits, you will need to get the milk kefir grains from someone who is already growing them. If you don't have a friend who ferments milk kefir, you may be able to find some milk kefir grains in your local health food store, or buy milk kefir grains online.
Making ice cream with an ice cream maker would be straight-forward. However, I made mine without one and I wanted a recipe and method that can produce fairly good results even without the use of an ice cream machine.
First we must understand that the purpose of the ice cream maker is to add more air and break up the ice crystals while the ice cream is going through the freezing process. The less ice crystals that will form, the more smooth the ice cream will taste. Therefore, without the use of an ice cream maker, it helps if we can break up the ice crystals with other means, such as a blender, when the ice cream is partially frozen.
In addition, the higher the fat contents, the lower the water contents in the ice cream, the less easily the ice crystals will form. If you don't want to blend the ice cream with a blender while freezing is happening, at the minimum you can re-mix with a specula, or you can compensate by increasing the fat content of your ice cream recipe. In this recipe, the fat content can be raised by increasing the ratio of the heavy cream to whole milk.
You will love this mango kefir ice cream for the probiotic benefits. If you are looking for a summer dessert to make with your milk kefir grains, this mango kefir ice cream is a tasty treat and uses only 4 ingredients. Mango and kefir are a perfect match in flavour. I will show you some tips for achieving the best results without an ice cream maker.
Place the milk kefir grains in the mixture of whole milk and heavy cream. Cover the jar with a lid or cloth. I use a lid as I like to shake the jar a few times during fermentation to allow the bacteria and yeast to evenly distribute.
Ferment for 12 -24 hours until the milk and heavy cream just turn creamy like a yogurt, but before separating into whey and curd. The fermentation time may vary, depending on the temperature and amount of ingredients used.
Remove the milk kefir grains. If the fermented milk and heavy cream have separated into whey and curd, it is still ok to use. They will be blended together in the next step.
Combine the milk and cream kefir finished in the last step, frozen mango, and honey together. Blend until smooth with a blender or food processor.
If you have an ice cream maker, pour the mixture into the ice cream maker to make ice cream. If not, pour the mixture in a pre-chilled container and place in the freezer. Every hour or so, re-mix the ice cream contents with a spatula, or even better re-blend with a blender for a couple times when the ice cream is partially frozen.
In about 5-6 hours in the freezer, the ice cream should be ready.
See blog post for more tips on making ice cream without an ice cream maker.
This looks perfect for summer! I'm a big fan of anything mango and this sounds amazing!
That looks so creamy and amazing! Love that you don't need an ice cream maker too!
Wow, I love how simple yet nourishing this is! What a great way to get picky eaters to devour kefir!
That color is beautiful! I bet it tastes amazing!
I JUST made this and it was AWESOME! My hubby and I had a hard time saving some for our kids… Thanks for the delicious recipe!
Love that this is kefir! So much healthier and I love that mango flavor! So yummy and perfect for summer too.


text:
NCWLIFE Evening News May 31, 2019
And now, a few of the stories we're following for you tonight, An 81-year-old boater missing on the Columbia River near Chief Joseph Dam left behind letters indicating he would not be returning. Grant County deputies are investigating a drive-by shooting which happened Wednesday in Desert Aire, and, Chelan and Douglas County Port Commissioners are slated to vote in two weeks on an agreement to blend operations under one management umbrella.
Rescuers say a woman who claimed she jumped from the George Sellar Bridge in Wenatchee was pulled from the shoreline after she became stranded in some rocks about a quarter mile downstream. Chelan County District One fire battalion chief Cary New says crews responded to an area just south of the Burlington Northern Railway Apple Yard where they located the woman clinging to a rock at the bottom of a steep embankment. . .
New says the woman was transported to Central Washington Hospital for treatment. He added that the Wenatchee Police Department is currently investigating the woman's claim that she had jumped from the bridge. Her name was not immediately available.
An 81-year-old boater missing on the Columbia River near Chief Joseph Dam left behind letters indicating he would not be returning, according to the Douglas County Sheriff's Office.
81-year-old Charles Baker of Coulee City disappeared Monday and his boat was found Wednesday drifting about five miles above the dam. Anyone who saw Baker launching his boat or on the water is asked to contact the Douglas County Sheriff's office.
Grant County deputies are investigating a drive-by shooting which happened around 6:00 p.m. Wednesday in Desert Aire.
Sheriff Deputies say an occupant in a black Chevrolet four door pickup fired one shot at another vehicle, which was parked at the Hotspot Grocery. Nobody was injured. Deputies discovered a bullet hole in one of the car's doors. Evidence including footage from video cameras was collected and will be analyzed. The driver of the car which was struck is not cooperating with the investigation. Anyone with information is asked to call the Grant County Sheriff's Office at 509-762-1160.
Chelan and Douglas County Port Commissioners are slated to vote in two weeks on an agreement to blend operations under one management umbrella. Chelan County Port executive director, Jim Kuntz says the two agencies recently met in a joint session where they fielded public comments on the proposed functional consolidation. . .
Kuntz says the two boards of commissioners will take formal action on a proposed interlocal agreement on June 11th. If all goes according to plan the two ports would operate as one starting January first. Under the plan the two ports would remain intact but would operate under one budget and one executive director to oversee a shared staff. Its estimated that the consolidation would result in an annual savings of over half a million dollars.
Coming up next, This Saturday, Cashmere will have its first historic home tour, giving people a chance to see inside six of the town's most iconic and architecturally significant homes. That famous rock outcropping above Wenatchee that you've always known as Saddle Rock will soon officially be called just that, and, That haze and occasional smoke smell that has descended on the Wenatchee Valley this week is coming from Canada. I'm Grant Olson and you're watching the NCWLIFE Evening News.
This Saturday, Cashmere will have its first historic home tour, giving people a chance to see inside six of the town's most iconic and architecturally significant homes.
At a cost of $20 per person, people can participate in the self-guided tours, visiting homes like the Burnett home and the Fike home, which built in 1915. The event, from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., is being held in honor of the Cashmere Museum's 60th anniversary, with tickets available at the museum.
That famous rock outcropping above Wenatchee that you've always known as Saddle Rock will soon officially be called just that. The Washington State Committee on Geographic Names approved changing the name of the popular hiking area from its current Squaw Saddle to Saddle Gap, while bestowing the name Saddle Rock on the rock formation.
The Saddle Rock name has been in common use since the early nine-teen-hundreds. Native Americans consider the word Squaw derogatory and it is being removed from dozens of officially named places. The name-change remains open for more public comment before it becomes official. Wenatchee historian William Layman submitted the proposed name change to the state last September.
That haze and occasional smoke smell that has descended on the Wenatchee Valley this week is coming from Canada.
Numerous wildfires are burning out of control in northern Alberta, mostly in remote areas, though about 10,000 people in several small towns are under evacuation orders.
Depending on wind conditions, the smoke has been thickest in the United States over parts of Montana, with some making its way as far as Seattle. Wenatchee's air quality thus far has not been any worse than moderate.
Time now for NCWLIFE's Megan McPherson to fill us in on what's happening around the valley this weekend. . .
The Mariners miserable May continued yesterday with a 9-3 loss to the Los Angeles Angels…
After starting the first two months of the season 18-and-13, Seattle has gone 6-and-21 in May and has lost 9 of its past ten.
Yesterday's game also was another case of the Mariner's starting pitcher not even making 5-innings. Yusei Kikuchi gave up 6-runs on 10-hits in 3-and-a-third, including two home runs. It's the 3rd time in the last six games a Seattle pitcher didn't last 5-innings.
Seattle Manager Scott Servais said when you don't have your "A-game", you have to find something else…
After falling behind 6-nothing in the first four innings, the Mariners just couldn't muster any offense, coming up with only four hits in the game. Servais said it's an unfortunate theme going on…
Seattle and Los Angeles play the second of the four-game series tonight at 7:10 with Tyler Skaggs facing Mike Leake.
Looking at the Les Schwab American League West Scoreboard from yesterday…
Jorge Soler hit a 3-run home run to put Kansas City up for good in beating Texas 4-to-2.
The Seahawks continue OTA's are their facility in Renton. A glaring absence in camp is that of number 89, Doug Baldwin, who was cut from the roster after undergoing numerous off-season surgeries. Russell Wilson says he will definitely be missed…
The Seahawks will kick off the preseason August 8th against Denver at CenturyLink Field.
The Wenatchee Valley Skyhawks will try to snap a four-game losing streak Sunday at Tri-Cities…
The Skyhawks saw their record drop to 2-and-5 with last weekend's 47-45 defeat to Idaho. Tri-Cities is winless in six games so far this season. Kickoff Sunday at The Toyota Center is 6 o'clock.
The Washington Huskies women's softball team has its backs against the wall tomorrow in the World Series…
After falling in extra innings yesterday to Arizona, the Huskies will face an elimination game against Minnesota tomorrow morning at 9am.
A win would put Washington into a 3 o'clock game against the loser of today's Oklahoma vs. Oklahoma State game.
Don't forget, the Wenatchee AppleSox are hosting their annual Fan Fest tomorrow night at Paul Thomas, Sr. Field…
It all gets underway at 5 o'clock with free admission to a live, team practice. That will be followed by an autograph session and a chance for fans to pick up their season tickets or a souvenir.
Wenatchee opens the 2019 season Monday against the Cascade Collegiate Showcase team at 6:35. It's the first of four games to open the season at home as Victoria will follow for three games, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. By the way, throwing out the ceremonial first pitch prior to Tuesday's game will be our very own Eric Granstrom. He will also join Joel Norman, the Voice of the AppleSox, on their radio broadcast during the middle innings to talk about his team as the team's play-by-play announcer.
Here's what we have on tap on the Sports Calendar for the weekend…
The Apple Capital Swim Meet will see hundreds of boys and girls of all ages compete at the Wenatchee City Pool. It's hosted by our local Velocity Swim Program.
The Red Devil Challenge Trail Run series starts tomorrow morning at 6:30 for a 50k run. A 25k starts at 7:30 and a 10k run starts at 8. This is on the Red Devil trail south of Cashmere in the National Forest.
Leavenworth will be the site for the 22nd Annual Evergreen Bavarian Bike and Brews festival. It's scheduled to run tomorrow from 9am to 4pm.
Speaking of cycling, the 32nd Annual Apple Century Bike Ride is tomorrow, starting at 7:30am at Pybus Public Market. There's a 100-mile, 50 and 25-mile ride, so watch for bikes between Wenatchee and Lake Wenatchee.
And the Wenatchee Racquet and Tennis Club is hosting its annual Junior Cusic Cup Tennis Tournament tomorrow and Saturday.
Thanks Eric. Recapping tonight's top story. . .
And that's going to do it for our newscast tonight. For more on these stories and other news from around North Central Washington, you can find us on Facebook or our website at ncwlife.com. And, remember, if you see news happening we'd like to hear from you. You can send us an email at news@ncwlife.com, or give us a call 888-NCWL (6295). Also, keep it right here on the NCWLIFE Channel Monday morning for Wake Up Wenatchee Valley with host Dan Kuntz. I'm Grant Olson, thanks for joining us and have a great weekend.
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Lentigo (lenticular spot or freckle, melanoma lentigo, lentigines, lentigo profesore, naevus incipiens, military naevus, non-specific pigmentation) – benign pigmented and dark yellowish brown in color, with a diameter of on average 1 to 2 cm, formed from melanocytes. Rarely degenerates into a malignant form of melanoma. The risk of malignancy (malignancy) increases with frequent trauma. Multiple lesions of the skin elements lentigo combine the concept – lentigos.
Lentigo characterized by a chronic course and a slow growth rate. The most commonly occurs in older people (60-70 years). Women with lentigines are more common than men. However, mortality from lentigo when malignancy is higher in males, as in this case, the tumor becomes more aggressive form.
Lentigines may occur on the face, sometimes on the neck, on the hands and legs. The first symptom of malignancy lentigo is the formation of small inconspicuous infiltration, which becomes inflamed and palpation is detected in the form of a nodule under the skin.
Malignant melanoma lentigo can give early metastasis limpiando and hematogenous, therefore, is a cause of high mortality from skin cancer (up to 75% of the total number of cases). Annually worldwide lentiginosa ill 92 000 people. In the last 30 years there has been an increasing incidence in the white population.
1. Senile (liver, senile spot) emerging from behind a senile (senile) of disorders of metabolism, resulting in excessive deposition of melanocytes in the skin.
2. Children and youth – occurs in the first decade of a child's life and has no connection with the solar irradiation.
3. Solar – occurs under the influence of solar radiation.
4. Hereditary (disease Touraine, periorificial form) is transmitted over the dominant principle of inheritance and new elements lentigines occur throughout life.


Hospital for Children and the Children's Hospital Fund.
on account of parliamentary business overseas.
(b) wishes Mr Hills well in his well-deserved retirement.
different sizes of the States.
system by 10 years of Labor Government.
major issues affecting Australian women.
(b) calls on the Prime Minister to clean up his act.


A family favourite! Wholemeal spelt pizza bases topped with pizza sauce, veg of your choice, ham, pineapple and of course, cheese! Served with a fresh side salad, you've got yourself a crowd pleaser!
No Pork option - Ham is replaced with sliced turkey.
Gluten friendly option - pizza bases are replaced with gluten-free pizza basis.
Slice onion, capsicum and mushrooms. Tare or roughly chop ham. Drain pineapple and grate cheese.
2. Spread the pizza bases with 1 tbsp sauce (per pizza). Top with prepared ingredients and cheese, cook in the oven for 10 minutes (see notes).
3. Rinse and chop lettuce, slice cucumber and ribbon (or slice) carrot. Toss with 1 tbsp oil, 1/2 tbsp vinegar, salt and pepper.
4. Serve pizzas with a side of salad.
Sprinkle pizzas with a little dried or fresh herbs of choice. Add any remaining fresh ingredients to the salad.
Gluten friendly option - pizza bases are replaced with GF pizza bases.


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Trendylicious Hair. Trendylicious hair can be got by adding popular credits to your hair! it can likewise be got by making hair appear to be in vogue by the correct utilization of fun and in vogue items that make your hair distinctive and jazzy! To get in vogue hair, one has the alternative of one an excessive number of items that assistance in styling your hair in various ways that hold fast to you mind-set and your decision and can be changes much of the time in agreement to your inclination of hair for that day!
In vogue hair can be got by applying offbeat mousses or splashes to hair that can make volume and style for hair and can help with making the hairdos trendily.
Layers can profit with a decent gel to hold the layers set up and in this manner make a look that is in vogue licious!
Hair can be worn in buns but look in vogue. Consider how? Simply attempt to wear the hair in a bun with the utilization of a decent hair embellishment, for example, a barrette (studded or beaded) or a clasp that can overlap into hair to make a bun. These are a couple tips that can be refereed to for stylish licious hair.
leave-in gel for styling and numerous more items can be utilized to accomplish hair adaptability and along these lines make hair in vogue past creative ability!
Read More : Summer Trends.
Few of the best styling and in vogue items for hair hail from the brand Tony and Guy, which is a brand that has aced the craft of good, in vogue and stylish hair!


text:
Q: Content area didn't scroll in xamarin side bar component I'm currently using this component in xamarin
http://components.xamarin.com/view/SidebarNavigation and basically it works fine, but when i try to use a UITableViewController as one of my content and add a lot of items in tableview that will basically make the app scroll, the app didn't actually scroll when you run it to iOS simulator, I haven't add any code yet to my contentController and I haven't change any property on my UITableView, just drag a UITableViewController from toolbox set up the code behind controller, storyboard ID, Restoration ID add some data to the tableView then hit run.
I don't know if this is a bug or I'm doing something wrong? any idea everyone? or you can just give me any free component that use as navigation drawer in iOS app.
thanks!

A: I think it's a bug!
You can solve it by wrapping your uitableview in a uiview.
Just make a fresh view controller and put a tableview as its only child!
Good luck ;)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Shopping | Concrete
Established in Egypt in 1989, CONCRETEs factory facilities were built in the industrial zone in 6th of October. It started off as a small company with a big dream but through steady growth and unwavering ambition, CONCRETE is now a market leader. The dream started with Amr El Hakim, founder and one of the pillars of CONCRETE. After graduating from the American University in Cairo, he pursued his passion for fashion by establishing the company and giving free reign to his designs. Later on it was acquired by ARAFA HOLDING.
From a family business to a shareholding company, CONCRETE is now part of one of the most prominent textile and clothing groups in the Middle East, ARAFA HOLDING. The size of the operations of this holding company, allows CONCRETE to be vertically integrated. In addition, the manufacturing capabilities of the group guarantee sustained dependability. This allows us to compete on an international level which is motivation to seek even higher standards.
Our shops comprise over forty stores located in the most prestigious areas of Egypt, through which we cater to the needs and tastes of the child, the teenager, and the man. We also understand that as part of the Egyptian community, we have a responsibility towards society. Donating contributions is part of our mission to help develop and advance our community.
In the last twenty years, we have fashioned the CONCRETE persona: energetic, self-confident, carefree, and elegant. Our clothes are worn with confidence and trust. For not only are we interested in fashion, but our attitude relies on style. There is a great deal of heritage behind CONCRETE fashion, and we are proud to be a leading Egyptian fashion retailer.
Fashion is seen seasonally through the choices in colors, themes, fits, and fabrics. However, style is what makes CONCRETE stand out as a unique brand, in a world where the clothes we wear reflect who we are. That is why our customers are more sophisticated, & value the importance of quality versus money.
Up to 30% Selected Items
Shop No: 84-85
Website: http://www.concrete.com.eg


While many of us recognise the importance of cutting back on food waste, we perhaps don't know how to make the most of our kitchen scraps, except for maybe making the odd soup or reheating leftovers.
Step forward ChefsSteps and Seattle's Brothers and Co., with five great food waste recipes that will help you create delicious meals from your food waste.
In the video below, they take vegetable tops and tails, old rice and leftover brine, amongst other things, and create a stunning meal from them. You won't believe what they manage to do with kitchen scraps actually.
Also doing incredible things with kitchen scraps are some of the world's best chefs, like Dan Barber and Massimo Bottura, who have been fashioning gourmet meals for both baying foodie crowds and the needy from food waste.


text:
Home Featured Stories The David A. Straz, Jr. Center Broadway Season Kicks off With The...
The David A. Straz, Jr. Center Broadway Season Kicks off With The Book of Mormon
The 2013-2014 Bank of America Best of Broadway Tampa Bay Series new season will kick off with the nine-time Tony Award-winning Best Musical and Broadway phenomenon, The Book of Mormon (Nov. 12-24, 2013), a show that The New York Times calls, "the best musical of this century."
The Radio City Christmas Spectacular (Dec. 12-29, 2013) returns to Tampa for the holidays with an all new show featuring the precision dance routines of the world-famous Rockettes. With new technological enhancements and new show-stopping Rockettes performances, Tampa Bay area audiences will have the opportunity to experience the magic of Christmas like never before. In this multi-faceted production, the Rockettes will dance their way through an awe-inspiring journey with new scenes, an array of glamorous new costumes, dramatic lighting effects and a 50-foot LED screen that will enhance the show with breathtaking new imagery.
The season also includes the 2012 Tony Award-winning Best Musical ONCE (Feb. 11-16, 2014), the 2012 Tony Award-winning Best Revival of a Musical The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess (Jan. 14-19, 2014), the new musical stage version of the timeless love story Ghost (April 22-27, 2014), the stunning new Broadway revival of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita (March 18-23, 2014) and the show that rocks harder than any other, Queen and Ben Elton's We Will Rock You (May 13-18, 2014).
Additionally, the Tony Award-winning Best Musical and audience favorite Jersey Boys (April 8-13, 2014) returns to The Straz for a limited engagement as does the always entertaining STOMP (May 1-3, 2014).
Disenchanted! (Jan. 28-April 13, 2014), the new musical comedy that showcases everyone's favorite fairytale heroines, takes up residence in the Jaeb Theater in the New Year.
Single tickets for most performances in the Straz Center's 2013-2014 are now on sale to the public at the Straz Center Ticket Office and online at www.strazcenter.org.
Season tickets for the Broadway series, the Florida Opera Festival series, the Jobsite Theater play series, the Club Jaeb series and National Geographic Live! are now available. Those interested in subscribing should call the Ticket Sales Office at 813.229.STAR (7827) or 800.955.1045 outside Tampa.
The David A. Straz, Jr. Center for the Performing Arts and its programs are funded in part by the State of Florida, Department of State, Division of Cultural Affairs, the Florida Council on Arts and Culture, and the National Endowment for the Arts; the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners; the Tourist Development Council/Hillsborough County; and the City of Tampa.
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text:
NZNO welcome new Health Minister
Media Release 25 October 2017
NZNO ready to meet with new Health Minister
Acting chief executive Jane MacGeorge congratulates Dr David Clark on his appointment as Minister of Health and says he shows good understanding of social determinants of health such as poverty, social environments and housing quality.
NZNO's leaders are planning to meet with the minister soon to discuss building a more sustainable nursing workforce and, the need for nurses to be consulted and included on policy matters that involve nursing and health.
"We are pleased to see the new ministerial portfolios have a strong emphasis on ending child poverty and commend the incoming prime minister's stance on taking this serious matter on herself as a new minister," Jane MacGeorge said.
"Dr David Clark has committed the new government to put back the $2billion missing in the health spend and both the new deputy prime minister and the prime minster have signed the NZNO open letter calling on the previous government to increase the health spend.
"The health spend freeze of the last few years has had a negative impact on the nursing workforce because of the strain of covering during staff shortages and the subsequent inability for nurses to take time away from work for professional development. This has meant many are unsatisfied with the care they can provide to patients and the restraints on ways to further their career development.
"We want to see more Māori nurses attracted into nursing and more nurses going into mental health, we also want our more senior experienced nurses to stay in nursing and for employers to accommodate their needs to keep them in the profession.
"We commend New Zealand First on the coalition agreement that includes commitment to annual free health checks for seniors and free doctor's visits for under 14s," Jane MacGeorge said.
Media enquiries: Karen Coltman (temporary number today is 021 574 156.


text:
Playoff Game Preview
NFL Super Bowl LV Preview: Kansas City Chiefs vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Published: Feb 04, 2021 at 05:33 PM
Grant Gordon
NFL.com Digital Content Editor
See the Tampa Bay Buccaneers face off against the Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl LV. Watch 2021 NFL Super Bowl Sunday at 6:30 p.m. ET on CBS/ ESPN Deportes, as well as stream live on the NFL App and Yahoo Sports app.
Upon the grandest stage in sports, the past and future will collide in the present, the greatest of all-time clashing with the greatest of what lies ahead.
One of the most ballyhooed young arms in NFL chronicle, Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Patrick Mahomes is looking to lead his squad to a repeat Super Bowl championship and into the realm of becoming the NFL's next dynasty.
Opposing him on Sunday will be the man many deem the greatest QB ever, Tom Brady, who's aiming to captain the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to becoming the first franchise to win a Super Bowl in its home stadium, while collecting an improbable seventh Super Bowl ring for himself.
It will be the fifth time the two have faced off and the series is split at 2-2, but everything's bigger on Super Bowl Sunday.
As Mahomes the magnificent and Brady the G.O.A.T. rightfully sit atop the marquee and command the spotlight, the biggest of big games offers up a parade of all-stars all around the celebrated quarterbacks.
Travis Kelce is having one of the finest seasons a tight end has ever had for the Chiefs, and though Rob Gronkowski hasn't turned in the kind of numbers this season that have made him a certain Hall of Famer, it's worth appreciating he's emerged from retirement and is playing in another Super Bowl in his first season out of New England -- just like the QB he followed to Tampa Bay. With Buccaneers receivers Mike Evans and Chris Godwin and Chiefs speedster Tyreek Hill, the dynamic possibilities out wide for both teams are outstanding.
Tampa Bay's defense -- led by burgeoning star Devin White, the unheralded Lavonte David and the suddenly red-hot Shaquil Barrett and Jason Pierre-Paul -- has followed the postseason lead set by Brady.
The Chiefs defense is coming off an AFC Championship Game win over a Buffalo Bills team that had as much momentum as any playoff team and was held to two touchdowns.
On opposing sidelines, the Chiefs' "Big Red," Andy Reid, and the Bucs' B.A., Bruce Arians, bring a combined age of 131 years and 86 days for the oldest coaching matchup in Super Bowl history.
This is, indeed, a matchup for the ages.
The 43-year-old Brady will become the first player in North American sports to win a championship with multiple teams past 40 should Tampa Bay emerge victorious. And as Brady becomes the first NFL player to start 10 Super Bowls, Mahomes will become the first quarterback 25 or younger to make multiple Super Bowl starts, per NFL Research.
Each and every Super Bowl is historic, but this one is more than that.
It's special because these teams have emerged from the most trying season in the history of this league, still standing and vying for the Lombardi Trophy and a reason for their fans to rejoice amid these most uncertain times.
It's special because Mahomes is the fresh new face of the league and he and the Chiefs are on the doorstep of becoming the first back-to-back Super Bowl winners since the 2003-04 Patriots and just the ninth repeat winners ever.
It's special because its buildup truly started in the offseason, when the Chiefs began building to become a dynasty and when the Buccaneers brought in Brady and so many other notable names followed.
Kansas City began the 2020 season as the favorite to win it all again. Even after they suffered first loss of the season to the Las Vegas Raiders, the Chiefs were still viewed by most as the top team in the league. Will they finish out this repeat run and forge a new dynasty?
Or will one of the co-architects of the NFL's greatest dynasty, thumbing his nose at age and time and refusing to go gentle into his career's sunset, dazzle us once more? It seems almost forgotten that at one point in this season, Brady was on the wrong end of jokes and criticism, because he seemingly couldn't count to four. In the Buccaneers' loss to the Bears -- a result that appears astounding in hindsight -- Brady appeared to have lost count of the downs with the game on the line and Tampa Bay drifted away into defeat. Now the world is watching to see if Brady can count to seven.
On Sunday in Tampa we will find out, as 100 yards of possibilities lie ahead and either the Chiefs or Buccaneers find themselves just 60 minutes from glory.
Patrick Mahomes, Kansas City Chiefs quarterback: Atop the sturdy and sensational shoulders of the magnificent Mahomes many believe the future of the league resides. An easy grin is one of Mahomes' calling cards right along with a magical right arm, but nothing is as easy as Mahomes has made it look in his short, but already historic run as the Chiefs' starting quarterback. For all the accomplishments and superlatives, though, if the Chiefs fall on Sunday, the blame could fall on Mahomes' shoulders. Whether that's fair is irrelevant; it comes with the position he plays and the spotlight he commands. Regardless of how the game plays out, many a headline is likely to read that Mahomes, who led the Chiefs to a win over the Bucs in the regular season, isn't ready to take the torch from Tom. And for as talented as the Chiefs are, they very much go as he goes. Last season, Matt Moore surprised many with how he performed when Mahomes was injured, and in this season's Divisional Round win over the Browns, Chad Henne's fill-in performance was rightfully heralded. Reid likely deserves much of the credit for that. However, those were brief samples of life without Mahomes. As the Chiefs aim for dynastic fortune, it is their wunderkind QB, already on a Hall of Fame path, who is the driving force behind that. So it goes in this battle of greatness that the highest of hopes ride on just how great Mahomes will be. For all the accomplishments already behind Mahomes, pressure remains and always will at this point of the season. If others falter for the Chiefs, those will be sidebars. Win or lose, Mahomes is the main story.
Tom Brady, Tampa Bay Buccaneers quarterback: The G.O.A.T.'s unlikely to ever be seen as the goat, but no matter how unbelievable it has been to see Brady turn the Bucs into NFC champions in his first season with the franchise, the story is incomplete without a Sunday triumph. He has reached the Super Bowl in his first season away from New England and without Bill Belichick. But can he win one in a different uniform and without Belichick? That is the prevailing storyline. There was talent in Tampa before Brady's arrival, but plenty followed him there. As excellent as Brady's been with his play -- his only Bucs season so far saw him set a new team record with 40 TDs -- his ability to get talented vets to converge on a long-beleaguered franchise and to uplift those that were already there has been astonishing. That's all evidence of just how much this is indeed Brady's squad. If Brady's bunch is to tumble on Sunday, a torch will be passed to Mahomes and the man who seems to be the youngest 43-year-old of all-time at kickoff will have suddenly aged into the narrative of his best days being behind him. To think that Brady's legacy is on the line here would be folly, but heavy is the helmet that wears the crown. Brady knows that more than anyone and as implausible as his instant success with the Bucs has been, that doesn't dim the spotlight or lessen the gravity. In the minds and hearts of many, Brady will forever be a Patriot, but right now, he's a Buccaneer vying for his first ring with Tampa Bay. All the world is watching -- including more than likely his former head coach -- to see if Brady can win his seventh seventh Super Bowl title and his first without the Patriots. If there is any doubt remaining as to whether TB12 made the right decision in March to go south from Boston, he will emphatically squash those queries with a victory.
Matchup to watch
Kanas City Chiefs offensive line vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers pass rush: With an AFC Championship Game win all but secured in the early minutes of the fourth quarter, the Chiefs were dealt a huge loss when Eric Fisher was injured. Though there was still a second-straight Super Bowl berth to celebrate, there were many already prognosticating what a significant blow might have been dealt with the K.C. starting left tackle going down with a torn Achilles. There will be no Fisher and likely no Mitchell Schwartz for the Chiefs on Sunday. They'll cobble together a starting front five that's likely to be -- from left tackle to right -- Mike Remmers, Nick Allegretti, Austin Reiter, Stefen Wisniewski and Andrew Wylie. And the injury depleted Chiefs line will be tasked with protecting Mahomes from a Buccaneers defensive front that most recently lambasted the quarterback who's likely to win the AP Most Valuable Player award ahead of Mahomes at NFL Honors on Saturday night. Packers QB Aaron Rodgers was sacked five times in the NFC title game against the Bucs, with Shaquil Barrett racking up three and Jason Pierre-Paul tallying two. The Bucs' pass-rushing pressure and damage was done largely with four-man rushes. As the Chiefs offer up such a dangerous arsenal for linebackers and defensive backs to contend with, this matchup proves pivotal not just in keeping Mahomes upright, but in keeping K.C.'s offense running on high. The play of the Chiefs offensive line despite injuries and the subsequent shuffling largely gets overlooked. This time around it might well be the deciding factor in the game, as the Bucs' pass rush might well be playing the best it's played all season.
This has been a season unlike any other before it and one many believed would not even reach this point. It has, though. It has arrived and Sunday will be a celebration of all the amazement that lay before it and all the history that will be made. No matter how young or old, age doesn't seem to matter on this day. And as Brady defies time and Mahomes defies belief, Sarah Thomas will be the first woman to officiate a Super Bowl, while Arians' coaching staff -- the only one in the NFL with two women on it -- forges ahead and brings about more progress. Believing anything can happen on any given Sunday was perhaps never more accurate than this season -- though the adage could have been "any given day" considering games were played on each day of the week for the first time in league history. It's been a season of chaos and unpredictability the likes of which we've never experienced before -- and hopefully never again. It's played out amid an ongoing global pandemic, racial strife and an overwhelming political divide within the country. And so it goes that some time on Sunday, when the afternoon has drifted into night, the Chiefs or Buccaneers will celebrate the greatest of team accomplishments. But what it will truly be is a celebration for more than just the victors; it will mark an anniversary of the realization that even in the most arduous times, the most magnificent of triumphs can still be grasped.
AFC Championship Game playoff preview: Bills at Chiefs
Josh Allen and the second-seeded Buffalo Bills square off with host Patrick Mahomes and the top-seeded Kansas City Chiefs in Sunday's AFC Championship Game, which kicks off at 6:40 p.m. ET on CBS.
NFC Divisional Round playoff preview: Buccaneers at Saints
The Divisional Round concludes with an NFC South showdown between a pair of future Hall of Fame QBs looking to make another run at a ring, as Tom Brady and the No. 5 seed Tampa Bay Buccaneers visit Drew Brees and the No. 2 seed New Orleans Saints.
AFC Divisional Round playoff preview: Ravens at Bills
The Divisional Round Saturday doubleheader concludes with an AFC showdown between quarterback Lamar Jackson and the fifth-seeded Baltimore Ravens and QB Josh Allen and the host second-seeded Buffalo Bills.
NFC Divisional Round playoff preview: Rams at Packers
The Divisional Round kicks off with an NFC showdown between arguably the game's best defensive player Aaron Donald and the No. 6 seed Los Angeles Rams and QB Aaron Rodgers and the host No. 1 seed Green Bay Packers.
Browns-Steelers: AFC Super Wild Card Weekend preview
Nick Shook previews Sunday's AFC Super Wild Card Weekend game between the Cleveland Browns and Pittsburgh Steelers.
Ravens-Titans: AFC Super Wild Card Weekend preview
Jelani Scott previews Sunday's AFC Super Wild Card Weekend game between the Baltimore Ravens and Tennessee Titans.
Bears-Saints: NFC Super Wild Card Weekend preview
The Super Wild Card Weekend's Sunday tripleheader includes an NFC showdown between the No. 2 seed New Orleans Saints hosting the No. 7 seed Chicago Bears.
Rams-Seahawks: NFC Super Wild Card Weekend preview
Adam Maya previews Saturday's NFC Super Wild Card Weekend game between the Los Angeles Rams and Seattle Seahawks.
Colts-Bills: AFC Super Wild Card Weekend preview
The Super Wild Card Weekend kicks off with an AFC showdown between quarterback Philip Rivers and the No. 7 seed Indianapolis Colts and QB Josh Allen and the host No. 2 seed Buffalo Bills.
Buccaneers-Washington: NFC Super Wild Card Weekend preview
The Super Wild Card Weekend's Saturday tripleheader concludes with an NFC showdown between quarterback Tom Brady and the No. 5 seed Tampa Bay Buccaneers and DE Chase Young and the host No. 4 seed Washington Football Team.


text:
Q: How to get around 403 error for wget download Can a contemporary scraper recommend how to get around 403 errors with scrapy?
I've tried using Selenium but to no avail. I've also tried passing in the following header to each response:
headers= {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0'}
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import re
import os
import wget

class LivelinguaCrawlerSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'livelingua_crawler'
    allowed_domains = ['www.livelingua.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.livelingua.com/project/']

    def parse(self, response):
        language_links = response.css("div.col-md-4 a::attr(href)").getall()
        for link in language_links[2:4]:
            language = re.match('(.*)(?<=courses)(.*)', link).group(2)[1:-1]
            dir_path = "redacted/" + language
            try:
                os.makedirs(dir_path)
            except FileExistsError:
                pass
            self.dir_path = dir_path
            request = response.follow(link, self.parseCourses)
            request.meta['dir'] = dir_path
            yield request

    def parseCourses(self, response):
        courses = response.css("span.thumb-info-caption h6 a::attr(href)").getall()
        dir_path = response.meta['dir']
        for course in courses:
            request = response.follow(course, self.parseEBooks)
            request.meta['dir'] = dir_path
            yield request

    def parseEBooks(self, response):
        eBooks = response.css("div.row:first-child ul li a::attr(href)").getall()
        for eBook in eBooks:
            wget.download(eBook, response.meta['dir'])
            yield {"ebook": eBook}

I get the following errors when I try to wget:
wget.download(eBook, response.meta['dir'])
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/wget.py", line 526, in download
    (tmpfile, headers) = ulib.urlretrieve(binurl, tmpfile, callback)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 247, in urlretrieve
    with contextlib.closing(urlopen(url, data)) as fp:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 222, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 531, in open
    response = meth(req, response)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 641, in http_response
    'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 569, in error
    return self._call_chain(*args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 503, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/urllib/request.py", line 649, in http_error_default
    raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden

A: As suggested by gangabass, using a files pipeline is the way to go here.
This can be done pretty easily:
Add the files pipeline and set the field containing the url to download in settings.py:
ITEM_PIPELINES = {'scrapy.pipelines.files.FilesPipeline': 1}
FILES_URLS_FIELD = 'ebook'

The error-code you currently have when trying to download is probably related to the headers as Roland Weber said. To get around this problem I would suggest creating a class that inherits from FilesPipeline and overwrites the get_media_requests method:
class DownloadEbooksPipeline(FilesPipeline):
    headers = {
      'Connection': 'keep-alive',
      'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
      'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36',
      'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3',
      'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
      'Accept-Language': 'en-GB,en;q=0.9,nl-BE;q=0.8,nl;q=0.7,ro-RO;q=0.6,ro;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.4',
    }

    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        for ebook_url in item.get(self.files_urls_field, []):
            request = Request(url=ebook_url,
                              headers=self.headers)
            yield request

If you do it this way, you'll have to change the ITEM_PIPELINES in settings.py to refer to the file containing this class of course.


text:
Q: run two Angular functions from the same popup window Would you recommend somthinglike this if I need to run 2 functions, Assign1 and Assign2 from the same popup window? If either one gives an error, the window will close without saving anything. If
Not too sure about syntax.
function Assign() {
    Assign1().then(function(isSuccess) {
        if (isSuccess) {
            Assign2();
            saveAndClose();
        } else {
            CloseAndShowError();
        }
    }, function() {
        CloseAndShowError();
    });

}

I should specify  that Assign1 and Assign2 are made with promises in their definitions and I need to know if overall the calls are successful

A: You can try like this
function1() {
  //function1 body
}

function2() {
  //function2 body
}

In template call them as
<button (click)="function1();function2()"> </button>

A: Try $q.all();
https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$q#all
This method allows you to run more than one promise as if it was a single one.
So, inside your Assign() method, there could be the following code.
let promisesToBeRunned = [Assign1, Assign2];
$q.all(promisesToBeRunned)
    .then(
        () => {doYourSuccessStuff();}),
        CloseAndShowError)
    );

If both promises are successful, the success callback will be executed.
If one of the promises, either Assign1 or Assign2 fails, the error callback will be called.
NOTE : Try to use $q.reject() on Assign1, so you won't have to use
if (isSuccess). Maybe if you post the Assign1 definition, I could give you an idea.
I hope this helps.


Fairyville springs up on the grounds of the Quartermaster Depot Historic State Park!
Hop on the Fairyville Express, for a majestic train ride and be sure to get your custom balloon. Spread your sparkling fairy wings on the fashion runway at Gumdrop Pass and enjoy various fairy inspired crafts and foods.
Pre-registration is recommended as the event is limited to 200 fairies. Please contact City of Yuma Parks and Recreation at 928.373.5200.


The Effective School Solutions program is provided at Montclair High School. The goal is to provide each student enrolled in ESS with the highest quality clinical services so that he/she can fully benefit from all that school has to offer.
The program provides clinical and related services within the student's regular school day. Students have the opportunity to participate in an array of services that include individual, group, and family therapy, as well as an evening parent support and educational group that helps parents understand and help their son/daughter mature and overcome his/her emotional and/or behavioral problems.
The program is staffed by a coordinator and a clinician. Together, they collaborate with the teachers, guidance counselors, and child study team case managers to effectively deliver support and guidance that meet the needs of students who struggle with emotional and behavioral issues, impacting their ability to succeed academically.


June 2016, Lanana 106 has another good year with their Read and Ride program. This year we have ten Elementary Schools participating, seven inside the city limits and three in outlying communities.
The Schools we work with in the city of Nacogdoches include Brook Quinn Jones, Christ Episcopal, Emiline Carpenter, Fredonia, Nettie Marshall, Raguet and Thomas J. Rusk Elementary Schools.
This year we purchased and assembled forty bikes and helmets to be given to the winning students, we consider this to be a long term investment. They will bring the children pleasure for a while, but, the payoff will come in the future from the benifits the child will recieve from what they learn from reading.
The winners from Douglass Independent School District.
A couple of happy winners from Central Heights Independent School District.


Jack McKay FAQs 2019- Facts, Rumors and the latest Gossip.
Jack McKay FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!
Who is Jack McKay? Biography, gossip, facts?
John Jack McKay (1885 - after 1911) was an English professional footballer who made 19 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham. McKay was born in Hebburn County Durham. He began his football career with Hebburn Argyle before joining Birmingham of the Football League Second Division in 1910.
Is Jack McKay still alive? Are there any death rumors?
Yes, as far as we know, Jack McKay is still alive. We don't have any current information about Jack McKay's health. However, being younger than 50, we hope that everything is ok.
Which team(s) did Jack McKay play for?
Jack McKay has played for multiple teams, the most important are: Birmingham City F.C., Blyth Spartans A.F.C. and Hebburn Town F.C..
Are there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Jack McKay? Is there a Jack McKay action figure?
We would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Jack McKay right here.
Which position does Jack McKay play?
Jack McKay plays as a Outside left.
Is Jack McKay gay or straight?
Many people enjoy sharing rumors about the sexuality and sexual orientation of celebrities. We don't know for a fact whether Jack McKay is gay, bisexual or straight. However, feel free to tell us what you think! Vote by clicking below.
100% of all voters think that Jack McKay is gay (homosexual), 0% voted for straight (heterosexual), and 0% like to think that Jack McKay is actually bisexual.
Who are similar soccer players to Jack McKay?
Aaron Wildig, Abdelaziz Tawfik, Abdelmalek Djeghbala, Abdeslam Ouaddou and Abdoul Njankou are soccer players that are similar to Jack McKay. Click on their names to check out their FAQs.
What is Jack McKay doing now?
Supposedly, 2019 has been a busy year for Jack McKay. However, we do not have any detailed information on what Jack McKay is doing these days. Maybe you know more. Feel free to add the latest news, gossip, official contact information such as mangement phone number, cell phone number or email address, and your questions below.
Is Jack McKay hot or not?
Well, that is up to you to decide! Click the "HOT"-Button if you think that Jack McKay is hot, or click "NOT" if you don't think so.
0% of all voters think that Jack McKay is hot, 0% voted for "Not Hot".
Does Jack McKay do drugs? Does Jack McKay smoke cigarettes or weed?
It is no secret that many celebrities have been caught with illegal drugs in the past. Some even openly admit their drug usuage. Do you think that Jack McKay does smoke cigarettes, weed or marijuhana? Or does Jack McKay do steroids, coke or even stronger drugs such as heroin? Tell us your opinion below.
0% of the voters think that Jack McKay does do drugs regularly, 0% assume that Jack McKay does take drugs recreationally and 0% are convinced that Jack McKay has never tried drugs before.
Are there any photos of Jack McKay's hairstyle or shirtless?
What is Jack McKay's net worth in 2019? How much does Jack McKay earn?
According to various sources, Jack McKay's net worth has grown significantly in 2019. However, the numbers vary depending on the source. If you have current knowledge about Jack McKay's net worth, please feel free to share the information below.
As of today, we do not have any current numbers about Jack McKay's net worth in 2019 in our database. If you know more or want to take an educated guess, please feel free to do so above.


This Crunchy Homemade Granola recipe makes some of the best granola you've ever tasted. It's crunchy, nutty, and just sweet enough. It also has a great crunchy texture to excite the palette. You can modify the recipe and use other dried fruits instead of cranberries, see below. This is a great recipe for kids to make because it's easy. Just add ingredients, mix and bake.
1. Heat the oven to 300º. In a large mixing bowl, stir together the oats, wheat germ, nuts, sesame seeds, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt.
2. Make a well in the dry ingredients and add the oil, honey, and water. Toss the mixture until the ingredients are well combined, then spread it evenly on a cookie sheet.
Alternative and Tips: add 1 cup walnuts and 1/2 cup slivered almonds and omit sesame seeds. After the granola is completely cooled, add half a bag of mini chocolate chips and Craisins cherry-flavored cranberries. Bake it on a sheet of parchment paper to prevent sticking and make it easy to lift it off the pan for easy spread out cooling.


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This e-book examines more than a few healing techniques utilized in prisons and different safe settings and explores the demanding situations in such paintings. The ways comprise Cognitive-Behavioural remedy (CBT), Cognitive-Analytic treatment (CAT), Attachment-Based Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Systemic Psychotherapy.
This can be the tale of Annette Morales Rodriguez, a hard-working unmarried mom of 3. it's also the tale of Lara, a psychopathic killer who kidnapped one other woman's fetus, killing either mom and child. Unbeknownst to Annette, Lara is part of her: a dissociative id, or break up character, shaped to assist Annette take care of the sexual abuse she persisted as a baby.
The guide of Eyewitness Psychology offers a survey of analysis and criminal reviews from overseas specialists at the swiftly increasing clinical literature addressing the accuracy and obstacles of eyewitnesses as a resource of proof for the courts. For the 1st time, vast experiences of things influencing witnesses of every age – kids, adults, and the aged – are compiled in one pair of volumes.


From Rupert Bear to Paddington and Winnie-the-Pooh – we've loved them all – so it is good to know that teddies are there to welcome our kids in some of the world's best hotels.
Nothing makes a child feel more at home than a teddy bear. Bears say 'snuggles' and 'security' and 'I love you' to travelling children. When my son was younger I was keen that he should feel at ease in all the foreign cities we visited. Luxury hotels are getting very good at welcoming children but what really put a smile on his face were the times he was greeted with a bear to hug – the fatter, the softer, the cuddlier, the better. I still remember his delight at finding a scarlet teddy (red being the hotel's signature colour) propped up on his bed at the Plaza Athénée in Paris. At the Shangri-La Hotel in Chengdu, China, there was a black and white bear to celebrate the fact that Chengdu is home to a number of giant panda sanctuaries. My son won't recall – but I do – the teddy bear sitting on the bed at The Peninsula, New York, complete with pill box hat and bell boy uniform. At the time my son was a tiny baby and the teddy was as large as he was. I have it as a memento still.
Toy bears were developed at almost the same time by toymakers Morris Michtom in the US and Richard Steiff in Germany in the early 1900s, and named after President Theodore 'Teddy' Roosevelt, Jr. Since that time, they've become an iconic children's toy. The cuddly toys also gave rise to many songs and stories. Winnie-the-Pooh was inspired by the real-life Christopher Robin's tatty teddy. Then there's Rupert Bear, immortalised in newspaper annuals, and of course Paddington, named after London's famous railway station. Yes, bears are a major part of our childhood, so it is good to know that so many of the world's five star hotels understand the importance of the humble teddy bear.


Interesting juxtaposition of portraits and buildings.
As a documentary photographer I always have the opinion that photography should tell or create a story. A single photo cannot tell a story. However there are photographs that I always like but I couldn't find a way to use them in order to serve a purpose so they were useless to me. This project is called Recycle because it's an effort to find a way to convert something useless to something usefull.


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Caboot JB, Allen JL. Hypoxemia in sickle cell disease: significance and management. Paediatr Respir Rev.. 2014; 15:(1)17-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2013.12.004
Couturaud F, Bertoletti L, Pastre J Prevalence of pulmonary embolism among patients with COPD hospitalized with acutely worsening respiratory symptoms. JAMA.. 2021; 325:(1)59-68 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.23567
Gehring H, Hornberger C, Matz H, Konecny E, Schmucker P. The effects of motion artifact and low perfusion on the performance of a new generation of pulse oximeters in volunteers undergoing hypoxemia. Respir Care.. 2002; 47:(1)48-60
What is the efficacy and safety of rapid exercise tests for exertional desaturation in COVID-19?. 2020. https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/what-is-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-rapid-exercise-tests-for-exertional-desaturation-in-covid-19/ (accessed 6 July 2021)
Greenhalgh T, Knight M, Inda-Kim M, Fulop NJ, Leach J, Vindrola-Padros C. Remote management of covid-19 using home pulse oximetry and virtual ward support. BMJ.. 2021; 372 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n677
Gupta V, Woodhead M. Oxygen saturation and pneumonia: a complement to current practice or another burden for the GP?. Prim Care Respir J.. 2010; 19:(4)301-303 https://doi.org/10.4104/pcrj.2010.00055
Ingram G, Munro N. The use (or otherwise) of pulse in general practice. Br J Gen Pract.. 2005; 55:(516)
Lee H, Kim E, Lee Y, Kim H, Lee J, Kim M, Yoo HJ, Yoo S. Toward all-day wearable health monitoring: an ultralow-power, reflective organic pulse oximetry sensing patch. Sci Adv.. 2018; 4:(11) https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aas9530
Lipnick MS, Feiner JR, Au P, Bernstein M, Bickler PE. The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration. Anesth Analg.. 2016; 123:(2)338-345 https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000001300
Luks AM, Swenson ER. Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with COVID-19 at Home. Potential Pitfalls and Practical Guidance. Ann Am Thorac Soc.. 2020; 17:(9)1040-1046 https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202005-418FR
Moyle J. Pulse oximetry gives artificially high readings in presence of carboxyhaemoglobin. BMJ.. 2021; 373 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1103
NHS England and Wales. Pulse oximetry to detect early deterioration of patients with COVID-19 in primary and community care settings Version 1. 2020. https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/publication/pulse-oximetry-to-detect-early-deterioration-of-patients-with-COVID-19-in-primary-and-community-care-settings/ (accessed 6 July 2021)
Plüddemann A, Thompson M, Heneghan C, Price C. Pulse oximetry in primary care: primary care diagnostic technology update. Br J Gen Pract.. 2011; 61:(586)358-359 https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp11X572553
Potter V. Pulse oximetry in general practice: How would a pulse oximeter influence management?. 2007; 13:(4)216-220 https://doi.org/10.1080/13814780701574762
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Understanding the use of pulse oximetry in COVID-19 disease
Paul Silverston
Visiting Professor of Primary care, The University of Suffolk, Visiting Professor, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge
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The pandemic has led to an increase in the use of pulse oximetry to assess and manage patients with COVID-19 disease. Paul Silverston explains the principles of pulse oximetry and the factors that can affect the reliability and accuracy of readings
Pulse oximetry is performed to detect and quantify the degree of hypoxia in patients with respiratory symptoms and illnesses, including patients with COVID-19 disease. Pulse oximeters are non-invasive, simple to use and inexpensive, but it is important to know how to interpret the readings in the context of the patient's symptoms and the other clinical findings. In COVID-19 disease, very small differences in the oxygen saturation reading result in significant differences in the way that the patient is managed, so it is important to be aware of the factors that can affect these readings. It is also important to appreciate that a low reading in a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 disease may be the result of another disease process.
Pulse oximetry has been used in the assessment and management of patients in pre-hospital and primary care for over 30 years (Silverston, 1989; 1991). The use of pulse oximetry in primary care has increased steadily over that time, partly due to the availability of inexpensive, finger clip pulse oximeters and also in response to the incorporation of oxygen saturation readings (SpO2) into the national guidelines for the assessment and management of patients with a wide variety of respiratory and non-respiratory illnesses (Ingram and Munro, 2005; Potter, 2007; Plüddemann et al, 2011). In 2020, the emergence of a new respiratory illness, COVID-19, led to pulse oximetry being used routinely in the assessment and management of large numbers of patients with COVID-19 respiratory illness. Pulse oximetry was seen as a non-invasive, simple to use and inexpensive technology that would enable clinicians working in primary care to identify patients with the respiratory form of COVID-19 disease and to categorise that illness as being either mild, moderate or severe (NHS England and Wales, 2020). National guidelines for the assessment and management of patients with COVID-19 disease recommend that pulse oximetry is performed routinely as part of the assessment, management and monitoring of patients. In many parts of the UK, patients were provided with a pulse oximeter to help them monitor their condition at home, as part of a 'virtual ward at home' programme (Greenhlagh et al, 2021). An understanding of the technical and physiological principles involved in pulse oximetry can help clinicians to avoid errors in diagnosis arising from the incorrect use of equipment, or from the misinterpretation of SpO2 readings (Silverston, 2016).
OVID-19


This week, I attended the 7th iteration of Singapore Intellectual Property ("IP") Week at Marina Bay Sands and spoke as part of a panel on "Monetising Intangible Assets for Exponential Growth". Overall, the conference was quite eye-opening as the experience of it was very different from my initial expectations. In particular, the event allowed tryb to access many senior decision makers, two of whom were my fellow panelists – Satvinder Singh (Assistant CEO, Enterprise Singapore) and Tan Shau En (Assistant Chief Executive, Intellectual Property Office of Singapore ["IPOS"]).


Who doesn't love the minty spur that comes from a swig of an anti-cavity mouthwash? And it can be much more than simply giving your breath a makeover- it can be chock-full of dental health benefits.
Of course, the right one can meet your oral hygiene requirements for the overall health of the gums, teeth, and taste preference.
But what exactly does an anti-cavity mouthwash do?
Well, it can be a teeth whitener, a plaque attacker, perhaps even a gum disease zapper. Wondering how?
It is certainly true that rinsing with a fluoride anticavity mouthwash can help alleviate cavities. There are endless studies on the benefits of fluoride in reducing cavitations and demineralization. It can also soothe a canker sore by alleviating bacteria in the affected area. In addition to this, it also helps to prevent periodontal disease.
With periodontal disease such as, gingivitis, tooth sockets and gums can get infected or inflamed due to plaque from food and bacteria that lingers on teeth. In such a situation, an anti-cavity mouthwash can work wonders. It has anti-bacterial properties that help to prevent such dental diseases.
You certainly know the drill- you brush daily, you floss, and you rinse, however, sometimes you forget and sometimes you neglect! You do a plethora of things to maintain a good oral hygiene, however, you can do much better. All it takes is just a few changes to your dental routine.
So to begin with, make this product a part of your daily dental healthcare, and see for yourself. Yes, this product not only kills bad breath creating bacteria and germs, it also strengthens tooth enamel, and refurbishes essential minerals to weak spots, for great convenience and flexibility.
It aids in the prevention of cavities, and also fights hideous plaque in children over 6 years of age, as well as adults. It kills bad germs, infuses fluoride into your tooth surface, thereby making your teeth more resistant to cavity causing harmful acids. In addition to this, it kills 99.9 percent of bacteria that can erode tooth enamel leading to cavities than conventional brushing.
Helps Prevent Cavities: Its cavity fighting benefit along with the superior cavity protection versus traditional brushing alone is way better and fruitful. The product is clinically proven to fight up to 50 percent more against cavity causing germs and bacteria than conventional brushing.
Cleans The Whole Mouth: Your teeth make out just about 25 percent of your entire mouth, so if you are just brushing, you are missing out on the remaining 75 percent.
However, if you use this ant-cavity mouthwash, it will get to the hard-to-reach areas in your mouth where brush alone cannot reach., thereby leaving a cleaner and fresher mouth.
Freshens Breath: It helps to provide long lasting clean, and fresh breath.
Strengthens Enamel: After using this mouthwash for sometime your enamels will be more stron than ever before.
Kids absolutely love this product. It has specially been designed for children ages 6 and above. It provides additional cavity protection than traditional blushing alone. The presence of fluoride in this product rinses teeth and gums in the best way possible. It is a new and improved formula that helps to remove plaque and gingivitis more than merely brushing.
In addition to this, it makes teeth 50 percent healthier and stronger than brushing alone, thereby providing better protection against acid erosion and cavities. However, if your kid experiences any adverse reaction to it, do not use it, and immediately consult your dentist.
It provides a strong protection against cavity, and kills bad-breath bacteria and germs.
Great Flavor: As it is specially designed for children, it offers juicy mint flavor added with menthol that gives children a fruity flavored mouthwash, and that is why it is absolutely loved by them. The coolness of mint appeals to all the kids.
Plaque-Fighting: The mouthwash controls bacterial plaque, as well as reduces gingivitis which is a kind of periodontal disease..
How An Anti-cavity Mouthwash Can Help You Fight Cavity?
An anti-cavity mouthwash can add to flossing and brushing by cleaning your entire mouth. By properly swishing it around for the suggested 30 seconds, it can kill germs and bacteria that remain in your mouth, gum-line, and in between teeth.
It also removes food debris that get stuck in the mouth, and combat bad breath temporarily. In addition to this, the presence of fluoride in it acts a a natural mineral to safely strengthen teeth and prevent tooth decay.
See also: How to use a mouthwash?
When the surface of your tooth is weakened by tooth decay, an anti-cavity mouthwash can be absorbed into it, in order to strengthen it. And surprisingly, the new material created on the tooth through this process is even more resilient and durable than the original one.
Cakes! Sweets! Sodas! All these tempting treats are difficult for people to avoid. However, they can be very harmful for your teeth.
As a matter of fact, four out of every 5 adults risk losing at least one tooth due to decay. But, with the power of an anti-cavity mouthwash, you can get a more cleaner and fresher mouth, stronger tooth enamel, and whiter teeth.
So make it a part of your daily oral healthcare routine, and prevent cavities and tooth decay. All those who are cavity-prone, must also make it a part of their routine if they want healthy teeth and gums throughout their lives.
But just keep in mind, these anti-cavity mouthwashes are only a supplement and not a replacement for daily flossing and tooth brushing.