Valen E. Johnson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
In a trial of a new drug to cure cancer, 44 percent of 50 patients achieved remission after treatment. Without the drug, only 32 percent of previous patients did the same. The new treatment sounds promising, but is it better than the standard?
That question is difficult, so statisticians tend to answer a different question. They look at their results and compute something called a p-value. If the p-value is less than 0.05, the results are "statistically significant" – in other words, unlikely to be caused by just random chance.
The problem is, many statistically significant results aren't replicating. A treatment that shows promise in one trial doesn't show any benefit at all when given to the next group of patients. This problem has become so severe that one psychology journal actually banned p-values altogether.
My colleagues and I have studied this problem, and we think we know what's causing it. The bar for claiming statistical significance is simply too low.
The Open Science Collaboration, a nonprofit organization focused on scientific research, tried to replicate 100 published psychology experiments. While 97 of the initial experiments reported statistically significant findings, only 36 of the replicated studies did.
Several graduate students and I used these data to estimate the probability that a randomly chosen psychology experiment tested a real effect. We found that only about 7 percent did. In a similar study, economist Anna Dreber and colleagues estimated that only 9 percent of experiments would replicate.
Both analyses suggest that only about one in 13 new experimental treatments in psychology – and probably many other social sciences – will turn out to be a success.
This has important implications when interpreting p-values, particularly when they're close to 0.05.
P-values close to 0.05 are more likely to be due to random chance than most people realize.
To understand the problem, let's return to our imaginary drug trial. Remember, 22 out of 50 patients on the new drug went into remission, compared to an average of just 16 out of 50 patients on the old treatment.
The probability of seeing 22 or more successes out of 50 is 0.05 if the new drug is no better than the old. That means the p-value for this experiment is statistically significant. But we want to know whether the new treatment is really an improvement, or if it's no better than the old way of doing things.
To find out, we need to combine the information contained in the data with the information available before the experiment was conducted, or the "prior odds." The prior odds reflect factors that are not directly measured in the study. For instance, they might account for the fact that in 10 other trials of similar drugs, none proved to be successful.
If the new drug isn't any better than the old drug, then statistics tells us that the probability of seeing exactly 22 out of 50 successes in this trial is 0.0235 – relatively low.
This ratio of the probabilities is called the Bayes factor. We can use Bayes theorem to combine the Bayes factor with the prior odds to compute the probability that the new treatment is better.
For the sake of argument, let's suppose that only 1 in 13 experimental cancer treatments will turn out to be a success. That's close to the value we estimated for the psychology experiments.
When we combine these prior odds with the Bayes factor, it turns out that the probability the new treatment is no better than the old is at least 0.71. But the statistically significant p-value of 0.05 suggests exactly the opposite!
This inconsistency is typical of many scientific studies. It's particularly common for p-values around 0.05. This explains why such a high proportion of statistically significant results do not replicate.
So how should we evaluate initial claims of a scientific discovery? In September, my colleagues and I proposed a new idea: Only P-values less than 0.005 should be considered statistically significant. P-values between 0.005 and 0.05 should merely be called suggestive.
In our proposal, statistically significant results are more likely to replicate, even after accounting for the small prior odds that typically pertain to studies in the social, biological and medical sciences.
What's more, we think that statistical significance should not serve as a bright-line threshold for publication. Statistically suggestive results – or even results that are largely inconclusive – might also be published, based on whether or not they reported important preliminary evidence regarding the possibility that a new theory might be true.
On Oct. 11, we presented this idea to a group of statisticians at the ASA Symposium on Statistical Inference in Bethesda, Maryland. Our goal in changing the definition of statistical significance is to restore the intended meaning of this term: that data have provided substantial support for a scientific discovery or treatment effect.
Not everyone agrees with our proposal, including another group of scientists led by psychologist Daniel Lakens.
They argue that the definition of Bayes factors is too subjective, and that researchers can make other assumptions that might change their conclusions. In the clinical trial, for example, Lakens might argue that researchers could report the three-month rather than six-month remission rate, if it provided stronger evidence in favor of the new drug.
Lakens and his group also feel that the estimate that only about one in 13 experiments will replicate is too low. They point out that this estimate does not include effects like p-hacking, a term for when researchers repeatedly analyze their data until they find a strong p-value.
Instead of raising the bar for statistical significance, the Lakens group thinks that researchers should set and justify their own level of statistical significance before they conduct their experiments.
I disagree with many of the Lakens group's claims – and, from a purely practical perspective, I feel that their proposal is a nonstarter. Most scientific journals don't provide a mechanism for researchers to record and justify their choice of p-values before they conduct experiments. More importantly, allowing researchers to set their own evidence thresholds doesn't seem like a good way to improve the reproducibility of scientific research.
Lakens's proposal would only work if journal editors and funding agencies agreed in advance to publish reports of experiments that haven't been conducted based on criteria that scientists themselves have imposed. I think this is unlikely to happen anytime in the near future.
Until it does, I recommend that you not trust claims from scientific studies based on p-values near 0.05. Insist on a higher standard.


text:
Gnosticism used a number of religious texts that are preserved, in part or whole, in ancient manuscripts, or lost but mentioned critically in Patristic writings.

Gnostic texts

Gnostic texts preserved before 1945
Prior to the discovery at Nag Hammadi, only the following texts were available to students of Gnosticism. Reconstructions were attempted from the records of the heresiologists, but these were necessarily coloured by the motivation behind the source accounts.
 Works preserved by the Church:
 Acts of Thomas (Especially Hymn of the Pearl or The Hymn of the Robe of Glory)
 The Acts of John (Especially The Hymn of Jesus)
 The Bruce Codex (purchased in 1769 by James Bruce):
 Books of Jeu, also known as The Gnosis of the Invisible God
 The Untitled Text
 The Askew Codex (British Museum, bought in 1784):
 Pistis Sophia: Books of the Savior
 The Berlin Codex or The Akhmim Codex (found in Akhmim, Egypt; bought in 1896 by Carl Reinhardt):
 Apocryphon of John
 an epitome of the Acts of Peter
 The Wisdom of Jesus Christ
 Unknown origin:
 The Secret Gospel of Mark
 The Hermetica

Complete list of codices found in Nag Hammadi

 Codex I (also known as The Jung Codex):
 The Prayer of the Apostle Paul
 The Apocryphon of James (also known as the Secret Book of James)
 The Gospel of Truth
 The Treatise on the Resurrection
 The Tripartite Tractate
 Codex II:
 The Apocryphon of John
 The Gospel of Thomas a sayings gospel
 The Gospel of Philip
 The Hypostasis of the Archons
 On the Origin of the World
 The Exegesis on the Soul
 The Book of Thomas the Contender
 Codex III:
 The Apocryphon of John
 The Gospel of the Egyptians
 Eugnostos the Blessed
 The Sophia of Jesus Christ
 The Dialogue of the Savior
 Codex IV:
 The Apocryphon of John
 The Gospel of the Egyptians
 Codex V:
 Eugnostos the Blessed
 The Apocalypse of Paul
 The First Apocalypse of James
 The Second Apocalypse of James
 The Apocalypse of Adam
 Codex VI:
 The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles (includes The Hymn of the Pearl)
 The Thunder, Perfect Mind
 Authoritative Teaching
 The Concept of Our Great Power
 Republic by Plato – The original is not Gnostic, but the Nag Hammadi library version is heavily modified with then-current Gnostic concepts.
 The Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth – a Hermetic treatise
 The Prayer of Thanksgiving (with a hand-written note) – a Hermetic prayer
 Asclepius 21–29 – another Hermetic treatise
 Codex VII:
 The Paraphrase of Shem
 The Second Treatise of the Great Seth
 Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter
 The Teachings of Silvanus
 The Three Steles of Seth
 Codex VIII:
 Zostrianos
 The Letter of Peter to Philip
 Codex IX:
 Melchizedek
 The Thought of Norea
 The Testimony of truth
 Codex X:
 Marsanes
 Codex XI:
 The Interpretation of Knowledge
 A Valentinian Exposition, On the Anointing, On Baptism (A and B) and On the Eucharist (A and B)
 Allogenes
 Hypsiphrone
 Codex XII
 The Sentences of Sextus
 The Gospel of Truth
 Fragments
 Codex XIII:
 Trimorphic Protennoia
 On the Origin of the World
 Fragments

The so-called "Codex XIII" is not a codex, but rather the text of Trimorphic Protennoia, written on "eight leaves removed from a thirteenth book in late antiquity and tucked inside the front cover of the sixth." (Robinson, NHLE, p. 10) Only a few lines from the beginning of Origin of the World are discernible on the bottom of the eighth leaf.

Mandaean texts

 Ginza Rabba (The Great Treasure, also known as The Book of Adam) (DC 22)
 Qolastā (Canonical Prayerbook) (DC 53)
 Sidra d-Nišmata (Book of Souls) (first part of the Qolastā)
  (The Responses) (part of the Qolastā)
 Drašâ d-Jōhânā (Mandaean Book of John, also known as The Book of Kings)
 Diwan Abathur (Scroll of Abatur) (DC 8)
 Harran Gawaitha (Scroll of Great Revelation) (DC 9, 36)
 Diwan Maṣbuta d-Hibil Ziwa (The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa) (DC 35)
 Alf trisar šuialia (The 1012 Questions) (DC 36 [complete, with all 7 books], DC 6 [incomplete])
 Šarh d-qabin d-Šišlam Rabbā (The Wedding of the Great Šišlam) (DC 38)
 Šarh d-Traṣa d-Taga d-Šišlam Rabbā (The Coronation of the Great Šišlam – describes a ritual for the ordination of the Mandaean clergy)
 Asfar Malwāšē (The Book of the Zodiac) (DC 31)
 Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita (Scroll of Exalted Kingship) (DC 34)
 see more

Other
 The Hymn of Jesus
 Acts of Peter
 Coptic Apocalypse of Peter
 Dialogue of the Saviour
 Odes of Solomon
 Gospel of Judas
 Gospel of the Saviour

Quoted or alluded
These texts are mentioned or partially quoted in the writings of the Church Fathers.
 Gospel of Basilides mentioned by Origen, Jerome, Ambrose, Philip of Side, and Bede.
 Basilides' Exegetica mentioned in Hippolytus of Rome (Refutatio Omnium Haeresium VII, ixv and X, x) and Clement of Alexandria (Stromata IV, xii and IV, xxiv–xxvi)
 Epiphanes' On Righteousness, mentioned in Clement of Alexandria (Str. III, ii).
 Heracleon, Fragments from his Commentary on the Gospel of John, mentioned in Origen (Commentary on the Gospel of John)
 Naassene Fragment mentioned in Hippolytus (Ref. 5.7.2–9).
 Ophite Diagrams mentioned in Celsus and Origen
 Ptolemy's Commentary on the Gospel of John Prologue, mentioned in Irenaeus.
 Ptolemy's Letter to Flora, mentioned in Epiphanius.
 Theodotus: Excerpta Ex Theodoto mentioned in Clement of Alexandria.

Manuscripts
 Askew Codex contains Pistis Sophia and some other unknown texts.
 Berlin Codex, 5th century, contains a fragmentary Gospel of Mary, out of nineteen pages, pages 1–6 and 11–14 are missing entirely, the Apocryphon of John, The Sophia of Jesus Christ, and an epitome of the Act of Peter.
 Bruce Codex contains the first and second Books of Jeu and three fragments – an untitled text, an untitled hymn, and the text "On the Passage of the Soul Through the Archons of the Midst".
 Codex Tchacos, 4th century, contains the Gospel of Judas, the First Apocalypse of James, the Letter of Peter to Philip, and a fragment of Allogenes.
 Nag Hammadi library contains a large number of texts (for a complete list see the listing)
 Three Oxyrhynchus papyri contain portions of the Gospel of Thomas:
 Oxyrhyncus 1: this is half a leaf of papyrus which contains fragments of logion 26 through 33.
 Oxyrhyncus 654: this contains fragments of the beginning through logion 7, logion 24 and logion 36 on the flip side of a papyrus containing surveying data.
 Oxyrhyncus 655: this contains fragments of logion 36 through logion 39 and is actually 8 fragments named a through h, whereof f and h have since been lost.

See also

 General topics
 New Testament apocrypha
 Development of the New Testament canon
 Pseudepigrapha
 Gnosticism
 Textual criticism
 Agrapha

 Related literature
 List of Gospels
 Apocalyptic literature
 Epistles
 Acts of the Apostles (genre)
 List of New Testament papyri
 Hypostasis of the Archons

Notes

External links
 The Gnostic Society Library
 Gnostics, Gnostic Gospels, & Gnosticism – from earlychristianwritings.com

Lost apocrypha
Religion-related lists
Religious bibliographies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Phone Number in Yorkshire. Find a Phone Number, Address or other Contact Detail, like Email Address and Profiles of people or friends who live in Yorkshire, Ohio, USA. Results of Phone Numbers and Addresses in any Street.


text:
The Dominican Sisters Of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist Share New Holiday Album Members of the Ann Arbor, Mich. convent perform in the NPR studios and discuss their holiday album.
The Dominican Sisters Of Mary Shares The 'True Beauty' Of Christmas With New Album
Scott Simon
The Dominican Sisters of Mary's new album is available now. De Montfort Music hide caption
De Montfort Music
The Dominican Sisters of Mary's new album is available now.
The Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist established their community more than 20 years ago in Ann Arbor, Mich. where music is a daily part of the Catholic nuns' lives in the Motherhouse. With the holiday season looming, the sisters joined NPR's Scott Simon for an in-studio performance and discussion of their latest album, Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring: Christmas with The Dominican Sisters of Mary.
Listen to a bonus studio performance from The Dominican Sisters of Mary.
'Wake Awake'
"I think that people really do long for God," Sister Joseph Andrew says. "They long for their completion as human beings. I think Christmas in particular makes us more humble, more simple. We have the freedom to look a little deeper in our hearts. ... If we pick up the true beauty of the season, that God became man, the music that reflects that gives us such an interior freedom and a joy. I think people want that, they want the good news."
"By God's goodness" as they say, the sisters' albums are best-sellers on Amazon. Their last two albums, 2013's Mater Eucharistiae and 2014's The Rosary- Mysteries, Meditations & Music, have also earned a loyal following on streaming platforms like Spotify. Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring marks the sisters' third release and first Christmas-themed album.
Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring: Christmas with The Dominican Sisters of Mary is available now. Listen to the entire interview via the audio link and hear the web-exclusive bonus track "Wake Awake."
Dominican Sisters of Mary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The image above is a 3-D scan in Point Cloud Data, recorded in March 2016 by Julien Soosaipillai, of the University of Kent School of Architecture. All seven of the remaining historic shelters have been recorded in this quality detail, and can be viewed in a 3-D fly-through by downloading the file from this Margate Coastal Park Dropbox folder: HERE
A map in this section identifies the location of the series of public shelters, constructed mainly at the end of the C19th and early C20th all around the Thanet coastline, focussing here only those in the Coastal Park area. Historic maps indicate that there used to be over fifty of these shelters around the Thanet coast, built to encourage exploration and bring health and well-being to visitors and the local population.
Of the twelve original shelters we have identified from historic maps and photographs within the Margate Coastal Park area, only seven now remain. We note those which exist now in black, numbered from west to east, and those which are missing - in red - from east back to west.
The following pages look at the history and current condition of each of the remaining shelters in turn.
We have given significant attention to the shelters as many seem to be in imminent danger of collapse, and yet have played such an important part in the development and use of the public space over the last 150 years.
The shelters also give poetic articulation to the position between the 'civilised' nature of town to the south and the 'wild' sea to the north; between the sunrise in the east and the sunset in the west; between sun and shade, rain and dry, wind and calm. The four-sided, pitched roof form of the larger shelters, and the raw 'elemental' form of construction recall Abbe Laugier's 'Primitive Hut' described in his 1755 Essay on Architecture, thought to be the ideal 'base' form of architecture from which all others emerged. The wide and low form is also reminiscent of the 'Prarie style' homes designed in Chicago by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, at the same time as the Coastal Park shelters were constructed.
The whole section can be downloaded by clicking HERE.


Latitude allows you to position light where you want it. Indirect uplighting, downlighting, spotlighting – any angle is possible. The suspension cable mounts anywhere on the wire structure, creating a flexible light that activates the surrounding space.


Available here is the November 2013 Department of Defense (DoD) report. The report was discussed at the July meeting of the Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities (CCD) Task Force on Veterans and Military Families. AAHD is a CCD member.
Senate legislation, supported by AAHD, has been introduced to expand supports for children with developmental disabilities in TRICARE. The Senate May 14 press release is here: PDF.
Tricare recently denied renewal of rehabilitative therapy for a teen with significant disabilities. AAHD has joined the Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities (CCD) Task Force on Veterans and Military Families in seeking Congressional resolution of this denial. The May 17 letter is available for download: PDF.


Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz. This best photo collections about Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz is available to download. We collect this best photo from internet and choose the best for you. Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz photos and pictures collection that posted here was carefully selected and uploaded by Rockymage team after choosing the ones that are best among the others. So, finally we make it and here these list of best photo for your inspiration and informational purpose regarding the Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz as part of Best Jewelry Website exclusive updates collection.Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz, take your time and find the best Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz images and pictures posted here that suitable with your needs and use it for your own collection and personal use. Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz.
Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz. So, if you want to get this best photo about Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz, just click save button to save this images to your computer. Finally if you want to get new and the latest wallpaper related with Rose Gold Belly Button Rings Lovely Elegant Gold Plated Navel Jewelry Jewelryz, please follow us on facebook or bookmark this site, we try our best to give you daily update with fresh and new wallpaper 2014. Hope you enjoy staying here.


text:
The Secular Outpost
Get updates from The Secular Outpost delivered straight to your inbox
Also, send me the Nonreligious Newsletter and special offers. Also, send me the Nonreligious Newsletter.
Our Debates
Arguments for Naturalism
Response to William Lane Craig – Part 4
November 14, 2015 by Bradley Bowen
Response to William Lane Craig – Part 4 November 14, 2015 Bradley Bowen
Patheos Explore the world's faith through different perspectives on religion and spirituality! Patheos has the views of the prevalent religions and spiritualities of the world.
I have criticized William Craig's case for the resurrection on the grounds that he fails to show that Jesus died on the cross, and that apart from proving this to be a fact, his case for the resurrection of Jesus is a complete failure.
Craig's primary response to this criticism is that the death of Jesus on the cross is uncontroversial among biblical scholars:
The reason that I personally have not devoted any space to a discussion of the death of Jesus by crucifixion is that this fact is not in dispute. This historical fact is not one that is controversial among biblical scholars.
http://www.reasonablefaith.org/establishing-the-crucifixion-of-jesus (viewed 11/11/15)
Craig then quotes two biblical scholars in order to support his point: Luke Timothy Johnson and Robert Funk, co-founder of the Jesus Seminar.
In the second post in this series, I presented my main response to this point by Craig: many biblical scholars do not believe that "Jesus was alive and walking around in Jerusalem on Easter Sunday, less than 48 hours after Jesus was (allegedly) crucified." But Craig believes it to be an historical fact that Jesus was alive and walking around in Jerusalem on Easter Sunday, so his background assumptions are very different from the background assumptions of these more skeptical biblical scholars. Because of this difference in background assumptions, the judgment of such skeptical scholars that it is highly probable that Jesus was crucified and died on the cross is irrelevant to Craig's case for the physical resurrection of Jesus.
In the third post in this series, I began to develop my second main response to Craig's point about the death of Jesus by crucifixion being uncontroversial among biblical scholars. Since Craig pointed to Luke Johnson as an example of a biblical scholar who has great confidence in this historical claim about Jesus, I have focused in on the thinking of Johnson behind his view on this matter. I argued that Johnson's skeptical view of the Gosopels is such that he does not think that the Gospel accounts of the crucifixion and death of Jesus are sufficient to show that it is nearly certain or highly probable that Jesus was crucified and that Jesus died on the cross.
However, Johnson still asserts that these historical claims are highly probable on the basis of converging lines of evidence from historical sources other than the Gospels that support key points in the Gospel accounts, such as that Jesus was crucified and died on the cross:
Sober consideration of such difficulties ought to reduce expectations of how much real historical knowledge can be gained about the year (or few years) of Jesus' ministry and the circumstances of his death. Complete historical skepticism, however, is equally unwarranted. A careful examination of all the evidence offered by outsider and insider sources justifies making certain statements about Jesus that have an impressively high level of probability.
Such statements do not concern details, specific incidents, or the sequence of events. …But they can speak to the most basic and important questions concerning the historical existence of Jesus and the movement deriving from him, as well as to some sense of his characteristic activity. (The Real Jesus, 1st paperback edition, p.111-112; hereafter: TRJ)
Here is how Johnson explains his method:
The method used to establish the historical framework [of historical claims about Jesus] is one of locating converging lines of evidence. It is a simple method, based on the assumption that when witnesses disagree across a wide range of issues, their agreement on something tends to increase the probability of its having happened. When ten witnesses disagree vehemently on whether the noise they heard at midnight was a car backfire, a gunshot, or a firecracker, it becomes highly probable that a loud percussive sound occurred about that time.
Likewise in the case of Jesus, the convergence on one or two points by witnesses who disagree on everything else is all the more valuable. This is the case especially when the testimony comes either from outsiders or from insiders who are not creating but rather are alluding to narrative traditions. In the following pages, then, I will suggest some of these lines of convergence and the kinds of historical assertions about Jesus they allow. (TRJ, p.112)
The example of ten different "witnesses" disagreeing about the specific cause of a loud noise, but agreeing about the time and place of the loud noise makes sense, but this example is misleading and does not correspond well with the "converging lines of evidence" that Johnson has to offer for historical claims about Jesus. In the case of the loud noise the "witnesses" are eyewitnesses, or more specifically, earwitnesses, and their "testimony" concerns direct observations of the event in question. But this does not fit with the case of evidence for the crucifixion of Jesus, as another skeptical bible scholar, Bart Ehrman, makes clear:
…we do not have a single reference to Jesus by anyone–pagan, Jew, or Christian–who was a contemporary eyewitness, who recorded things he said and did. (Did Jesus Exist? p.46)
As far as I can tell, Luke Johnson would agree with Ehrman on this point. I quote Ehrman here because he makes this point very clearly and succintly. There can be no "agreement" between eyewitness accounts of the life or death of Jesus, because there are NO EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS of the life or death of Jesus, period.
Apparently, Johnson is using the word "witness" to mean any writer who makes a comment about Jesus around the first or second century, and by "testimony" he means whatever such writers say about what Jesus did or said or experienced, no matter how the information was obtained in the first place. It is not clear how this is analogous to a comparison of eyewitness accounts of an event where the "witnesses" related what they directly observed concerning that event.
After reviewing examples of "outsider" (i.e. non-Christian) writings from the first and second centuries that mention Jesus and that relate to some key claim or event found in the Gospels, and after reviewing examples of "insider" (i.e. Christian) non-narrative writings in the New Testament that mention Jesus and relate to some key claim or event found in the Gospels, Johnson provides a table that summarizes the evidence used in his "method of convergence" to evaluate the probability of those events.
The table has seventeen claims, and indicates the various writings and types of writings other than the Gospels that support each particular claim. The items in parentheses refer to "insider" (i.e. Christian) non-narrative New Testament writings, and the asterisk indicates that one or more "outsider" (i.e. non-Christian) writing supports the claim:
1. Jesus was a human person (Paul, Hebrews)*
2. Jesus was a Jew (Paul, Hebrews)*
3. Jesus was of the tribe of Judah (Hebrews)
4. Jesus was a descendant of David (Paul)
5. Jesus' mission was to the Jews (Paul)*
6. Jesus was a teacher (Paul, James)*
7. Jesus was tested (Hebrews)
8. Jesus prayed using the word Abba (Paul)
9. Jesus prayed for deliverance from death (Hebrews)
10. Jesus suffered (Paul, Hebrews, 1 Peter)
11. Jesus interpreted his last meal with reference to his death (Paul [by implication in Tacitus and Josephus])
12. Jesus underwent a trial (Paul)*
13. Jesus appeared before Pontius Pilate (Paul)*
14. Jesus' end involved some Jews (Paul)*
15. Jesus was crucified (Paul, Hebrews, 1 Peter)*
16. Jesus was buried (Paul)
17. Jesus appeared to witnesses after his death (Paul)
(The Real Jesus, p.121-122)
Many of these claims seem trivial and insignificant:
1. Jesus was a human person. – Just like every other religous leader who has ever lived, and just like every other supposed prophet or messiah!
2. Jesus was a Jew. – If someone claims to be "the messiah" or is believed by others to be "the messiah", then being a Jew seems like an obvious requirement. So if someone heard that "Jesus claimed to be the messiah" or "Jesus' followers claimed he was the messiah", then they could easily infer that Jesus was a Jew, since the concept of a "messiah" was a Jewish concept, and since the Jews hoped for and expected the messiah to be a Jew.
Furthermore, one need not even have heard that "Jesus claimed to be the messiah" in order to infer that "Jesus was a Jew" because the very name "Jesus" gives this fact away. The Jewish prophet from Galilee was not actually named "Jesus" because "Jesus" is a name in ENGLISH, and the English language did not exist two thousand years ago. The Gospels were written in Greek, and the Gospels give his name as Iesous, which is "the Greek translation of the Hebrew name 'Joshua.' " (Mounce's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words, p.366). The actual name of the prophet from Galilee was Yeshua, which is the Aramaic form of the Hebrew name that we translate into English as "Joshua".
So, Jesus was apparently named after the famous military leader of the Israelites who led the army of Israel in the conquest of the "promised land" after Moses died. Jesus was named after a very famous Jewish leader, as were many of his fellow Jews in Palestine. "Jesus" (or Yeshua) was a very common name for Jewish males in Palestine in the first century, so anyone familiar with common Jewish names, and common Roman names, and common names of other groups, could easily infer that a man named "Jesus" was probably a Jew.
4. Jesus was a descendant of David. – How could anyone KNOW whether this was true or not back in Jesus' day? The only thing that someone could actually know along these lines is that Jesus CLAIMED to be a descendant of David, or that Jesus BELIEVED himself to be a descendant of David, and this is precisely what we would reasonably expect any Jew of that time who claimed to be the messiah to say or to believe.
7. Jesus was tested. – I suppose this means that Jesus was tempted. Has any normal adult human being ever lived for a year or longer and NOT been seriously tempted to do something wrong? This claim applies to virtually every adult human being.
9. Jesus prayed for deliverance from death. – Has any normal adult who believes in God ever NOT prayed for deliverance from death when their life was in danger? Even atheists are thought to make such prayers when their lives are put into serious danger. This claim applies to virtually every adult human being (who believes in God).
10. Jesus suffered. – We all suffer at one time or another in one way or another. This is like a vacuous "fortune" from a fortune cookie: "You are going to suffer." This claim applies to virtually every human being.
12. Jesus underwent a trial. – I just recently went on trial for a traffic violation. I prepared my own defense, argued my case, and the charge was dismissed by the judge. Lots of people experience being on trial. This is a very common experience.
14. Jesus' end involved some Jews. – Perhaps Johnson was just being a bit too vague here, but given that person X is a Jew, it is only to be expected that person X's end would likely have "involved some Jews". If someone is sick or dying, then we would expect friends or family members to care for or visit that person. If someone dies, we would expect friends or family member to bury that person. Jews are usually from Jewish families, just like mexicans are usually from mexican families (nationality/ethnicity), and just like Christians are usually from Christian families (religion/culture). And people generally form friendships with others of similar ethnic backgrounds and similar religious beliefs as themselves.
16. Jesus was buried. – Like nearly everyone else who has ever died, particularly at that point in history, when a proper burial for the dead was considered to be of great importance.
Perhaps Johnson could fix some of these trivial claims by sharpening the claims up and making them less vague, but as they stand, many of these claims are vacuous or trivial. It looks like about half of the "claims" in Johnson's list are either vacuous or very vague or are easily inferred from little or no factual data. Providing "evidence" for such claims does very little to provide support the "historical framework" of the Gospel accounts.
Claims (13) and (15), however, are more specific and more significant. So, let's focus on these claims to see how well Johnson's method of convergence does in supporting these two claims:
Note that most of the claims in Johnson's chart only have one or two "insider" sources, and that only two claims have three insider sources: claim (10) and claim (15). Claim (15), the claim about Jesus being crucified, also has an asterisk, indicating that one or more "outsider" sources support this claim. No other claim in the chart has three "insider" sources and also one or more "outsider" sources. Furthermore, Johnson reviews the "outsider" sources for (15), and there are multiple such sources. Since there are three "insider" sources and multiple "outsider" sources supporting (15), Johnson draws the conclusion that (15) is highly probable:
…certain fundamental points on which all the Gospels agree, when taken together with confirming lines of convergence from outsider testimony and non-narrative New Testament evidence, can be regarded as historical with a high degree of probability. Even the most critical historian can confidently assert that a Jew named Jesus…was executed by crucifixion under the prefect Pontious Pilate, and continued to have followers after his death. These assertions are not mathematically or metaphysically certain, for certainty is not within the reach of history. But they enjoy a very high level of probability. (TRJ, p.122-123)
Johnson goes on to say that some claims about Jesus have "only slightly less probability", for example, claim (14) that "Jesus end involved some Jews", and claim (5) that "Jesus' mission was to the Jews." Note that these claims have support from both "insider" and "outsider" sources, but that there is only one "insider" source (Paul) for each of these two claims, as compared with three "insider" sources for the claim that "Jesus was crucified". It appears that having just one "insider" source (as opposed to three) makes these two claims less probable than claim (15) about Jesus being crucified.
Although Johnson does not spell this out explicitly, it seems fairly obvious that he is basing his probability judgments here on something like the following assumptions:
A claim about Jesus that has support from all four canonical Gospels and both good "insider" sources and good "outsider" sources should be considered to be probable, and the more good "insider" and good "outsider" sources support the point, the stronger the probability. A claim about Jesus that is supported by all four canonical Gospels plus three good "insider" sources and two or three good "outsider" sources should be considered to be highly probable.
I have used the vague word "good" to qualify the sources, because it is obvious that not just any source would be acceptable to provide significant historical support for a Gospel claim about life or death of Jesus.
For example, Johnson quotes sources that are early, sources that date to the first or second centuries. A source from the fourth or fifth century would clearly not provide any significant support for Gospel claims about Jesus. In fact, in the paragraph immediately following his table of seventeen claims about Jesus, Johnson does indicate the importance of the earliness of a source, in a comment about "insider" (i.e. Christian) sources used to support Gospel claims about Jesus:
To repeat, non-narrative New Testament writings datable with some degree of probability before the year 70 testify to traditions circulating within the Christian movement concerning Jesus that correspond to important points within the Gospel narratives. Such traditions do not, by themselves, demonstrate historicity. But they indicate that memories concerning Jesus were in fairly wide circulation. This makes it less likely that the corresponding points in the Gospels were the invention of a single author or group. (TRJ, p.122)
Why does Johnson focus on "the year 70"? He does not say, but it seems fairly obvious that this year is significant because it is the year that most biblical scholars believe the Gospel of Mark was written (plus-or-minus a few years). The Gospel of Mark is believed by most biblical scholars to have been the first Gospel to be composed. Presumably, "insider" sources that were written BEFORE the year 70 CE would not have been influenced by the Gospel of Mark, and thus would provide a source of information that was INDEPENDENT of the Gospel of Mark (as well as the other canonical Gospels).
If a person read about the (alleged) crucifixion of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark, and then later wrote a letter that mentioned the crucifixion of Jesus, this letter would NOT provide information about Jesus crucifixion that was INDEPENDENT of the Gospel of Mark (or at least it would be reasonable to assume that this information came from the Gospel of Mark). Therefore, it is very reasonable to use the year 70 CE as a cutoff point, and to generally presume that "insider" sources written after 70 CE are DEPENDENT on one or more of the canonical Gospels. One requirement for something to be a GOOD "insider" source is that it was written BEFORE 70 CE.
This is one point at which we find the devil in the details. The three "insider" sources shown for claim (15) in Johnson's "method of convergence" table are: Paul, Hebrews, and 1 Peter. The problem is that we don't know when Hebrews was written, so by Johnson's own assumptions, this is NOT a good "insider" source of information that can be used to provide significant support for Gospel claims about Jesus:
It is therefore virtually impossible to suggest a date for Hebrews… (Eerdman's Commentary on the Bible, p.1453)
Thus the most frequent range suggested for the writing of Heb [i.e. Hebrews] is AD 60 to 90, with scholars divided as to whether it should be dated before the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple (hence to the 60s) or after (hence to the 80s).
…Nothing conclusive can be decided about dating, but in my judgment the discussion about the addressees into which we now enter favors the 80s. (An Introduction to the New Testament, by Raymond Brown, p.696-697)
The general range within which Hebrews was written runs from ca. A.D. 60 to ca. 95. The earlier date is suggested by the author's reference to himself and his community as second-generation Christians (2:3-4). …The upper end of the date range is often anchored in the use of Hebrews by 1 Clement. …That letter from the leadership of the Roman church to Corinth is normally dated to A.D. 95-96, although that date is hardly secure, and the work could have been written anytime between A.D. 75 and 120. This provides an upper end for the date of Hebrews of about A.D. 110. ( HarperCollins Bible Commentary, revised edition, p.1149)
In addition to the biblical scholars who wrote commentaries on Hebrews that I have quoted above, there is another biblical scholar that Luke Johnson will have difficulty arguing against, namely himself:
Hebrews was composed early enough to be quoted extensively by 1 Clement, written to the Corinthian church around 95 C.E. …The sermon [i.e. Hebrews] could therefore have been written any time between 35 and 95 C.E. (The Writings of the New Testament, revised edition, 1999, p.461)
We don't know that Hebrews was written BEFORE 70 CE, so we don't know whether Hebrews is INDEPENDENT from the Gospels. So, there are, at most, only two good "insider" sources that support claim (15): Paul and 1 Peter.
Another point where the devil is hiding in the details is that the date of composition of 1 Peter is as problematic as Hebrews, so it also cannot be considered to be a good "insider" source for use to confirm claims about Jesus from the Gospels:
All this points to a date [for 1 Peter] somewhere between 70 and 100 CE (so Best 1971; Balch 1981; Elliot 1982; on the inconclusiveness of some of this evidence, however, see Achtemeier 1996). (The Oxford Bible Commentary, p.1263)
The date of the letter [i.e. 1 Peter] cannot be settled readily, but it is more likely to have been written shortly after the beginning of Domitian's reign in AD 81 than either earlier or later. (Eerdman's Commentary on the Bible, p.1495)
If Peter wrote the letter [i.e. 1 Peter], the possible date range would be 60-65. If the letter is pseudonymous, written by a disciple, the range would be 70-100. …the two ranges can be reduced to 60-63 and 70-90. Pastoral care for Asia Minor exercised from Rome would be more intelligible after 70. Similarly the use of 'Bablylon' as a name for Rome makes better sense after 70, when the Romans had destroyed the second Temple…; all the other attestations of this symbolic use of the name occur in the post-70 period. The best parallels to the church structure portrayed in 1 Pet 5:1-4 are found in works written after 70… . All this tilts the scales in favor of 70-90, which now seems to be the majority scholarly view. (An Introduction to the New Testament, by Raymond Brown, p.721-722)
In summary, 1 Peter is a general letter, probably written from Rome around the end of the first century, by follower(s) of the apostle Peter… (HarperCollins Bible Commentary, p.1168)
Many scholars…believe that the letter [i.e. 1 Peter] is pseudonymous, coming from a 'Petrine circle' in Rome in the last quarter of the 1st century. (Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, p.1037).
Another biblical scholar that Luke Johnson could learn from is a scholar named Luke Johnson:
An even greater problem [than the problem of establishing dates for the Gospels] is presented by writings that are occasional in nature but cannot be fitted within the Pauline chronology. There is simply no way to date Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, Jude, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation with any certainty. (TRJ, p.91)
Most scholars, however, consider it [1 Peter] to have been written near the end of the first century. (TRJ, p.164)
In that case we cannot determine "with any certainty" that 1 Peter was composed before 70 CE, and thus we cannot determine "with any certainty" that 1 Peter is a good "insider" source to use as evidence to confirm events or claims from the Gospels.
There are various arguments against Peter the apostle being the author of 1 Peter, and Johnson raises objections to these arguments to show that it is POSSIBLE that Peter is the author (see The Writings of the New Testament, revised edition, p. 479-484), but Johnson never argues that it is PROBABLE that Peter wrote this letter.
Given that there are many biblical scholars who date 1 Peter to the "last quarter of the 1st century" we can hardly be confident that this is a good "insider" source that can provide significant support for Gospel claims about Jesus. So, because of the devil in the details, we are now down to just one good "insider" source supporting claim (15): the letters of Paul.
Here is an INDEX to posts in this series.
atheism & naturalism
ECREE
historicity of Jesus
the reliability of the Gospels
the resurrection of Jesus
The Writings of the New Testament
Response to William Lane Craig - Part 3
November 15, 2015 Huckabee, Cruz, and Jindal Kiss the Ring of Religious Nutcase Kevin Swanson
0 | Leave a Comment
Select a Categoryagnosticismapologeticsapologist watchapplied ethicsargument from beautyargument from biological evolutionargument from consciousnessargument from contingencyargument from evilargument from history of scienceargument from moral agencyargument from nonresistant nonbeliefargument from reasonargument from scalearguments for atheismarguments for theismassholes for Jesusatheism & naturalismbenefits of religionBiblebooks of interestChristianitycognitive sciencecognitive science of religioncosmological argumentcosmologycreationismdebatesdebatesdesign argumentEAANECREEethicsevolutionfine-tuning argumenthistoricity of Jesushousekeepinghumorincompatible properties argumentsintelligent designIslamkalam cosmological argumentlinkslogicmeaning of lifemetaethicsmiraclesmoral argumentmovement atheismneurosciencenew atheismnewsnontheistic metaethicsphilosophersphilosophyphilosophy of religionphysical mindsprayerreligionreligion and politicsreligion and scienceresurrectionscienceskepticismsociety & culturetheismtheistic metaethicsUncategorized
Select a MonthJanuary 2021December 2020November 2020October 2020September 2020August 2020July 2020June 2020May 2020April 2020March 2020February 2020January 2020December 2019November 2019October 2019September 2019August 2019July 2019June 2019May 2019April 2019March 2019February 2019January 2019December 2018November 2018October 2018September 2018August 2018July 2018June 2018May 2018April 2018March 2018February 2018January 2018December 2017November 2017October 2017September 2017August 2017July 2017June 2017May 2017April 2017March 2017February 2017January 2017December 2016November 2016October 2016September 2016August 2016July 2016June 2016May 2016April 2016March 2016February 2016January 2016December 2015November 2015October 2015September 2015August 2015July 2015June 2015May 2015April 2015March 2015February 2015January 2015December 2014November 2014October 2014September 2014August 2014July 2014June 2014May 2014April 2014March 2014February 2014January 2014December 2013November 2013October 2013September 2013August 2013July 2013June 2013May 2013April 2013March 2013February 2013January 2013December 2012November 2012October 2012September 2012August 2012July 2012June 2012May 2012April 2012March 2012February 2012January 2012December 2011November 2011October 2011September 2011August 2011July 2011June 2011May 2011April 2011March 2011February 2011January 2011December 2010November 2010October 2010September 2010August 2010July 2010June 2010May 2010April 2010March 2010February 2010January 2010December 2009November 2009October 2009September 2009August 2009July 2009June 2009May 2009April 2009March 2009February 2009January 2009December 2008November 2008October 2008September 2008August 2008July 2008June 2008May 2008April 2008March 2008February 2008January 2008December 2007November 2007October 2007September 2007August 2007July 2007June 2007May 2007April 2007March 2007February 2007January 2007December 2006November 2006October 2006September 2006August 2006July 2006June 2006May 2006April 2006March 2006February 2006January 2006
Also, send me the Nonreligious Newsletter and special offers. Yes, I want the Patheos Nonreligious Newsletter as well
POPULAR AT PATHEOS Nonreligious
Report: QAnon Congresswoman Was Live-Tweeting Nancy...
Progressive Secular Humanist
CNN Reporter Jim Acosta Worries Trump...
White House Admits Barron Trump 'Experimenting'...
Laughing in Disbelief
Homeschooled Congressman Urged Conservatives to "Lightly...
Love, Joy, Feminism
Related posts from The Secular Outpost
Aquinas and Homosexual Sex - Part 5: From...
Aquinas and Homosexual Sex - Part 3: Unclear...
Aquinas and Homosexual Sex - Part 2: Argument...
Aquinas and Homosexual Sex - Part 1: A...
TRENDING AT PATHEOS Nonreligious
Beliefs vs. Behavior: Evangelicals' Redefinition of Occam's Razor
Hi and welcome back! Yesterday, I mentioned briefly that White evangelicals' own...
Mike Pompeo Rejects 'Multiculturalism' Tacitly Endorses White Supremacy
Absolutely Deplorable: On his last full day as Secretary of State, Mike...
Maybe Let's Not Read More Puritans
For a quick moment, let's consider Crawford's call. Let's read some more...
The Most Powerful Argument Against Christianity (2 of...
We'll continue the exploration of the Problem of God's Hiddenness and find...
First And Second Corinthians (And More)
Jason Foux hosts the Dragons in Genesis podcast. He joins Jack Matirko and...
UK bishop bashed over Brighton Pride New Year's...
ON January 1, The Argus – published in Brighton, Britain's gayest and...
view all Nonreligious blogs
What Are Your Thoughts?leave a comment


text:
Call for an appointment 02 4476 2999
Our Surgery
About Narooma
Dr Gundi Muller-Grotjan
Principal GP/Owner
Dr Gundi Muller-Grotjan is a graduate of the University of Aachen, Germany and arrived to Narooma in January 2007. She holds a Diploma in Obstetrics from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (DRANZCOG) as well as a Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practice (FRACGP). Her interests and specialties include women's health and obstetrics, paediatrics and minor surgery. Dr Muller-Grotian has worked in South Africa, the United Kingdom and rural NSW.
Dr Kimberly Benson
In 2010, Dr Kimberly Benson moved from Canada to Australia to study medicine at the University of Wollongong. After graduation, she worked for two years as a junior medical officer in Penrith. Dr Benson is passionate about general practice because of the opportunity to have meaningful interactions with patients and the continuity of care.
Dr. Fatima Sana Ullah
Dr. Fatima Sana Ullah is an overseas trained General practitioner, with a fellowship in dermatology. She moved to Australia in 2015. She is very passionate about continuing her career and providing excellence of care to her patients.
Special interests are in general medical conditions, skin check-ups and cosmetology.
Dr. Sara Bialczyk
Dr Sara Bialczyk grew up in Canada before moving to Wollongong to study medicine. She spent two years working in Coffs Harbour and then a year working at Wollongong Hospital gaining valuable extra experience in Women's Health/Obstetrics and Paediatrics. Dr Bialczyk enjoys all aspects of medicine, from paediatrics to geriatrics, whilst providing personalised care for all her patients.
Dr Paul Barnett
Dr Paul Barnett previously worked at Royal Hobart Hospital, gaining experience in General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Rehabilitation Medicine and Drug and Alcohol Medicine. Dr Barnett and his partner are enjoying living in Narooma and have no immediate plans to move.
Dr John Brown
Dr John Brown has been in family & general practice for 40 years. This has included time in Goroka in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea and 23 years in Mudgee involving hospital practice including obstetrics, anaesthetics & emergency medicine. He has been in general practice in Narooma for 17 years. His interests include skin cancer, diabetes and aged care; however he is most interested in whole of life care.
Chrissi Moody
Chrissi began her nursing role in a busy Canberra practice. She has worked in General Practice in both the city and rural areas, Aboriginal Health in both urban and remote Central Australia and some years as the Practice Nurse Support Project Officer at the ACT Division of General Practice.
Chrissi is a member of the Lighthouse Surgery and Bermagui Medical Centre where she provides lifestyle education, chronic disease management including cardiovascular, diabetes, asthma and COPD care, aged care, women's health, men's health, immunisations, wound management, mental health, health promotion, Aboriginal health and much more. Chrissi constantly maintains a standard of continued education in all fields of nursing to offer endless high standard of care to our community.
Joanne Bismire
Joanne started her varied career in health care working as an AIN in an aged care facility in Peakhurst in 1987. Her previous experience in healthcare includes working locally in the fitness industry as a personal trainer and fitness instructor, as a medical receptionist, physiotherapy aide, in dental nursing and in aged care.
Joanne returned to The University of Wollongong completing a Bachelor of Nursing Degree. After her degree she completed a Certificate 3 in Pathology and did some local community nursing. Joanne finds General Practice nursing to be extremely rewarding. Joanne is dedicated to working alongside doctors and administrative staff while providing quality, best practice nursing health care, guidance and education.
Janelle Whiting
Janelle has lived in Narooma since 1988 and went to primary and high school locally. Janelle completed a Bachelor of Nursing through the University of South Australia. Janelle has been working for Lighthouse Surgery as a Practice Nurse since 2008 and Bermagui Medical Centre since it opened in 2011. She is a part of the management team for both practices and enjoys striving to continually improve the care given to the Narooma and Bermagui communities. Her special interests include preventative and chronic disease care, as well as assisting the training of GP registrars. Janelle is also an authorised nurse immuniser and women's screening nurse.
Bev Wright
Bev joined the Lighthouse Surgery in 2016 after completing her degree with The University of Wollongong. She was prompted to study after several years of working at a local nursing home. Her interests outside of work are breeding fish and playing with her grandchildren.
Sally Ritchie
Practice Nurse, Credentialled Diabetes Educator
Sally has been a Practice Nurse working in Narooma since 1987. She completed her general training at St Vincent's in Melbourne, where she also completed a cardio-thoracic course. Sally moved to the Mercy Maternity to complete her midwifery training and then to St George Hospital in Sydney to complete her Accident and Emergency training. Sally moved to Narooma in 1986 with her husband and children. In 2012 she became a Credentialled Diabetes Educator. Sally continues her ongoing education in all fields related to general practice and holds a wide variety of certificates.
Audio Clinic
Visits The Lighthouse Surgery every Thursday
Audio Clinic has made a difference to the lives of Australians with hearing difficulties by providing the highest standard of service. Audio Clinic specialises in personalised hearing care to identify and ensure all patients get the right solution for their particular needs. Please phone reception to make an appointment to see The Audio Clinic
Dr Robin Smart
Urologist - Visiting The Lighthouse Surgery twice a month
MBChb (Otago) FRACS FRCS(Eng) FRCSEd FNZMA Member of the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand.
Dr Smart specialises in urological consultations, urological investigations such as flexible cystoscopy, TRUS prostate biopsies, urodynamics, and appropriate day case surgery including minor scrotal surgery and a range of cystoscopic procedures. Please phone reception to make an appointment to see Dr Smart.
Byron Jackson
Connect Hearing
Visits The Lighthouse Surgery three times a month
Connect Hearing ensures the very best treatment and care for people dealing with hearing problems by focusing on preventing hearing loss or restoring hearing abilities. Connect Hearing provides hearing testing & assessments, industrial noise assessments, hearing aids, listening devices, ear protection, fitting and repairing hearing aids. Please phone reception to make an appointment to see Connect Hearing.
Grand Pacific Health
Alice Cole and Stacey Thompson
Alice and Stacey are both Psychologists who visit The Lighthouse Surgery.
Alice consults every 2nd Wednesday and Stacey every second Thursday.
Alice Cole, Emerald Adams and Julia Clapin
Alice and Julia are Psychologists and Emerald is a Youth Care Co-Ordinator. They work for headspace and visit The Lighthouse Surgery Tuesday-Friday
Practice Manager/Owner
Kylie Myers
Sharon Young
Helen Rose
Sophie McKay-Collins
Cyndi Clark
Registrars are fully qualified doctors who have started a training pathway to become General Practitioners. They enrol in a training program that runs for three 6-month terms and in this time, they are required to work in at least two different rural areas.
We choose to employ registrars as we are committed to training new GP's for the future. We hope that spending time in rural areas, will help them to see how rewarding being a rural GP can be and choose to stay rural where doctors are in short supply. We have been very fortunate to have some of our registrars stay on after their training has finished and become permanent with us.
The Lighthouse Surgery is committed to the teaching of the coming generation of medical practitioners and as such welcomes medical students from several universities for placements throughout each year. We have a particular commitment to ANU in Canberra, but also have had visits from students studying at UNE, JCU and Monash to name a few.
Our aim is to show the students how rewarding GP practice can be with the hope that someday they will return as GP's to practice in rural areas where they are so badly needed.
Appointments & Scripts
request a new script online
make or cancel appointment
Request a new script
dd12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 mm123456789101112 yyyy200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988198719861985198419831982198119801979197819771976197519741973197219711970196919681967196619651964196319621961196019591958195719561955195419531952195119501949194819471946194519441943194219411940193919381937193619351934193319321931193019291928192719261925192419231922192119201919191819171916191519141913191219111910190919081907190619051904190319021901
Current Doctor*
Are you*
Script details
Please provide medication details
New appointment or cancellation*
Cancellation New Appointment
Please enter your message here.
Surgery Hours
9.00am - 12 noon
Holiday Closing Times
1st January
New to the area?
Situated in Eurobodalla, NSW's nature coast, Narooma is a wonderful place to live.
If you're having a look at any of our job vacancies, you can find out more about beautiful Narooma and what it offers here - read more
Lighthouse Surgery
Surgery: 80 Princes Hwy, Narooma NSW
Email: enquiry form
Directions | Bermagui Medical Centre
Copyright © 2019 Lighthouse Surgery Narooma. All Rights Reserved
Site by Fisse Design


The last time the Winter Olympics happened, I watched them from my bed at Spaulding Rehab.
Someone from my family would come almost every evening--usually mother. She would help me eat, and keep me company. When it was time to watch the Olympics, she would turn on the TV and put it on the right channel. Changing the channel was still mystifying for me.
What a difference 4 years make.
I am glad to have those markers for time. It allows me to better remember my progress. I am happy you've made so much.
P.s. I used a blog article I just wrote for my profile link ... many people assume life insurance is out of the question if you have had a stroke, which is not necessarily the case.


Fairstone Sawn Versuro Jumbo King Size is cut from ethically sourced, fine grained Quartzitic sandstone which has been carefully sawn and hand selected for colour to ensure speed and accuracy during installation as well as creating a clean, sleek finish to your paved area.
The four subtle colours of Fairstone Sawn Versuro Jumbo King Size garden paving co-ordinate perfectly with other Marshalls Fairstone Sawn Versuro products such as Steps, Borders and Walling adding both prestige and value to your property.
Fairstone Sawn Versuro Jumbo King Size meets the Marshalls Stone Standard. Read more about the Marshalls Stone Standard.


text:
Phnom Penh Post - Sanctuary concessions granted
Sanctuary concessions granted
Khouth Sophak Chakrya | Publication date 21 September 2018 | 08:54 ICT
Environment Minister Say Samal speaks at a meeting on the environmental code of conduct in Phnom Penh last year. Photo supplied
Khouth Sophak Chakrya
The Ministry of Environment has granted concessions for agricultural purposes to two investment companies.
The ministry's report, which it shared on its Facebook page, said CRCK II Rubber Development and Bean Heack Investment Co Ltd have been respectively allowed to develop 7,121.78ha and 4,128.66ha within Boeung Pear Wildlife Sanctuary in Kampong Thom province.
Following the granting of the concessions, the ministry instructed the companies to fully abide by the law and technical standards set by relevant authorities throughout the development process.
The two companies were asked to cooperate with relevant stakeholders, particularly the surrounding communities, in order to preserve the forest and prevent deforestation, especially in areas near the streams and around the temple.
The ministry demanded CRCK II and Bean Heack to oversee their fertiliser applications in accordance with the standards established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.
They must administer a proper waste management system and make sure to avoid any waste spillage into natural water sources to protect the quality of the water.
In a separate letter, the ministry demanded that Bean Heack repair roads and develop infrastructure as per local residents' request, as well as prioritise hiring Cambodian workers as required by law.
Moreover, the company is also expected to cooperate with the Department of Culture and Fine Arts, which listed ancient temples within the proximity of the proposed development location, to grow plants near the temples.
Environmental management plan
At the same time, the company must take action to reduce environmental impact as suggested by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) recommendations to keep to a minimum, any negative impact in the development.
The developers must also have an environmental management plan, control programme, adequate funds, and funds for social expenditure to overcome any economic, social, and environmental damage caused by the project.
Ministry spokesman Neth Pheaktra said any company which obtained concessions from the government are required to conduct environmental, social, and economic assessments in advance to ensure their development plans would not negatively impact the livelihoods of people in its vicinity.
Contact author: Khouth Sophak Chakrya
Secure zone planned to restore wildlife in Mondulkiri
The lowtech tools of an ugly trade
Officials seek to merge sanctuaries
Wildlife conservation strengthened
Mondulkiri sanctuary land grabbers charged
Sanctuaries now state land
The Ministries of Environment, and Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction have listed the Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary in Koh Kong province and Phnom Prich
NGO celebrates local wildlife
Monk, forest chief proclaims his love for wildlife, decries poachers
Rice project benefits over 1K families
Poisoning, hunting and logging: The Kingdom's wildlife is under attack


Peace Corps is currently hiring for several 2 year positions in the fields of Education. Peace Corps Volunteers receive many benefits including paid travel abroad, a living stipend, insurance, and more. Seniors and recent UF graduates, if you are ready to take your skills abroad next Spring, now is the time to apply. You must apply by July 1st to be considered for the positions departing Jan-March 2017.
Hours are flexible. This is a great opportunity to learn various psychological tests and improve report writing skills. 1 year commitment is required.


text:
Home→News→WSF World Squash News
← Squash Ezine
WSF World Squash News →
WSF World Squash News
Penang Pair Progress To World Quarter-Finals
Penang squash stars Nicol David and Low Wee Wern delighted the packed and partisan crowd watching today's second round action in the Penang CIMB Women's World Squash Championship when they despatched their opponents in straight games to reach the quarter-finals of the premier Women's Squash Association (WSA) event in Penang, Malaysia.
But it was Egypt's three-time world junior champion Nour El Sherbini who stole the show at the SPICE Arena.
The 18-year-old, who is ranked only No27 in the world from a career high of four following a lengthy injury layoff last year, was highly impressive as she doused the challenge of current world No4 Alison Waters.
Sherbini took charge in the middle and made the Englishwoman work the corners as she chalked up a shock 11-3, 11-9, 7-11, 11-3 win in 41 minutes.
"I'm very happy because this is the first time that I have beaten Alison, and this is also the first time that I have progressed to the quarter-finals of the worlds," said Sherbini, who will go on to meet world No5 Joelle King of New Zealand for a place in the semi-finals.
"It's a really good win for me and it's for my mother (Randa) who was so nervous watching me play. I'm definitely hoping to keep this run going."
Waters who celebrated her 30th birthday on Wednesday admitted that Sherbini was the better player on the day.
"Not the best way after my birthday but Sherbini played really well," said the Londoner. "She was confident and was controlling the T. The headstart she had was just too much for me."
Penang superstar and seven-time world champion Nicol David had no problems overcoming Egyptian qualifier Heba El Torky. Nicol romped to an 11-6, 11-3, 11-4 win in 24 minutes.
"Heba was probably nervous, but she came back pretty strong. Still I'm glad I managed to keep it pretty tight," said Nicol, who will next meet France's Camille Serme.
Malaysian No2 Low Wee Wern also came through, but not before surviving a third-set charge by Canadian No1Samantha Cornett, the second qualifier to make the last 16.
World No7 Wee Wern proved her worth as she delighted the crowd with the 11-8, 11-3, 11-9 win.
"I didn't know what to expect against Sam as I've never played and she gave everything she had in the third game," said Wee Wern.
"But I'm pleased with the result and I'm playing well. Hoping to go further tomorrow," added the young Penangite who will make her fourth straight quarter-final appearance since 2010.
She will however be in for a massive challenge, going up against world No2 Laura Massaro in the last eight. Massaro overpowered fellow Englishwoman and doubles partner Jenny Duncalf 11-9, 11-6, 11-4 in 34 minutes – denying the former world No2 a seventh successive appearance in the quarter-finals.
In the day's other results, Ireland's 37-year-old Madeline Perry defied age and logic as she battled hard from two games down to beat England's unrelated Sarah-Jane Perry 7-11, 10-12, 11-9, 11-9, 11-6.
"I'm still only 37, so I feel fine," joked Madeline. "But really, I'm not as tired because the rallies were not so long and I'm definitely looking forward to the quarter-finals."
RESULTS: Penang CIMB Women's World Squash Championship, Penang, Malaysia
2nd round:
[1] Nicol David (MAS) bt [Q] Heba El Torky (EGY) 11-6, 11-3, 11-4 (24m)
[8] Camille Serme (FRA) bt Nicolette Fernandes (GUY) 14-12, 11-5, 11-3 (38m)
Nour El Sherbini (EGY) bt [4] Alison Waters (ENG) 11-3, 11-9, 7-11, 11-3 (41m)
[5] Joelle King (NZL) bt [13] Omneya Abdel Kawy (EGY) 11-8, 11-4, 11-4 (36m)
[7] Madeline Perry (IRL) bt [15] Sarah-Jane Perry (ENG) 7-11, 10-12, 11-9, 11-9, 11-6 (61m)
[3] Raneem El Welily (EGY) bt [10] Dipika Pallikal (IND) 11-7, 11-7, 11-1 (26m)
[6] Low Wee Wern (MAS) bt [Q] Samantha Cornett (CAN) 11-8, 11-3, 11-9 (42m)
[2] Laura Massaro (ENG) bt [9] Jenny Duncalf (ENG) 11-9, 11-6, 11-4 (34m)
Posted in News	Tagged World Squash News	permalink


text:
Profile/
Dr. Jose A. Torres-Ruiz
Vice President and Professor of Biochemistry
Ponce Health Sciences University
Jose A. Torres-Ruiz, Ph.D.,was a 1982 graduate of the first NIH-Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) Program class at the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, where he earned a bachelor's degree in Chemistry with a minor in Biology. He continued his studies at Washington University in Pullman, Washington, where he earned a master's degree in 1985 and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1987. In 1988, he joined the faculty at the Ponce School of Medicine in Puerto Rico as an Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. He was promoted to the ranks of Associate Professor and Full Professor in 1991 and 1996, respectively. During 1991, he accepted a Visiting Professorship in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at Washington State University. In 1995, Dr. Torres-Ruiz was invited to serve as a Trainee at the NIH Extramural Associate Program to gain exposure to grants management and research administration in general. Through his tenure at the Ponce School of Medicine he has had the opportunity to play a role in the development of its research enterprise. Along these lines, as Director of the NIH-MBRS Program (1993-2006), Chairman of the Biochemistry Department (1995-present), Director of the Office for Sponsored Research Projects and Programs (1995-1998), and the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies (2000-2010) he has provided the leadership for the coordination, management, and administration of multifaceted research programs as well as other research related activities. Dr. Torres-Ruiz is currently the Vice President for Academic Affairs for the Ponce Health Sciences University. From the beginning of his career, his research interests have focused on elucidating the mechanisms of protein folding and the mode of action of Molecular Chaperones/Heat Shock Proteins from prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms. Molecular Chaperones have proven to have a fundamental role in protein folding and, therefore, a wide range of biological processes including cell cycling and cell survival under pathological conditions such as cancer. More recently, Dr. Torres-Ruiz was named the Principal Investigator of the Puerto Rico Site for the "Trial to Prevent Insulin Dependent Diabetes in Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) Program. This randomized multicenter effort intends to determine whether a delay in the in the exposure of babies to intact protein can reduce the risk of developing Type I Diabetes in children who are genetically predisposed in getting Diabetes. Since 1992, Dr. Torres-Ruiz has served as a scientific reviewer for a variety of programs managed through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Defense (DOD), and the Howard Hughes Foundation. In 2001 he was elected President of the MARC/MBRS Program Directors Organization. He is the PI of the NCI U-56 Ponce School of Medicine/Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center Partnership which was incepted in 2006. The main intention of this initiative is to create the basic infrastructure for the establishment and expansion of a research and educational center in cancer to serve the south region of the city of Ponce in Puerto Rico. Dr. Torres-Ruiz is also the Program Director of two research infrastructure initiatives sponsored by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); the Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Program, and the Puerto Rico Clinical and Translational Research Consortium (PRCTRC).
Dr. Torres-Ruiz has served a member of various national groups including; the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Item Development for the USLME Part I (Biochemistry and Cell Biology).
In 2012, Dr. Torres-Ruiz was selected as the Chair of the Scientific Committee for the 13th RCMI International Symposium on Health Disparities titled "Translating Science to Better Health: The Power of Diversity and Multicultural Engagement". This scientific activity was held December 10-13, 2012 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. This International Symposium was designed to share information in areas related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity, cancer, women`s health, mental health, infectious disease, stroke, behavioral and social health and their relationship to improving minority health and health disparities.
2017 NASA EPSCoR International Space Station Flight Opportunity
2017 NASA EPSCoR Pre-proposal Competition
DoE EPSCoR
Puerto Rico NASA EPSCoR
Institute for Functional Nanomaterials
Most Read Content
The Puerto Rico EPSCoR Program
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
Copyright © 1986 - 2017 Puerto Rico EPSCoR. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Alan J Kronthal, M.D.
Diagnostic Radiology, Neuroradiology
Request your next appointment through MyChart
Outside of Maryland & Washington D.C.
Appointment Phone: 202-537-4795
5255 Loughboro Road NW
Washington, DC 20016 map
Johns Hopkins Medical Imaging - Bethesda
6420 Rockledge Drive
Bethesda, MD 20817 map
8600 Old Georgetown Road
Dr. Kronthal joins the Johns Hopkins Community Radiology division from Drs. Groover, Christie and Merritt (GCM), where he has practiced at both Sibley and Suburban Hospitals for more than eleven years. He is board certified in Radiology and also holds a Certificate of Added Qualification (CAQ) in Neuroradiology. He received his Bachelor of Arts at Haverford College in 1983 and medical degree at the University of Virginia in 1987.
Dr. Kronthal performed both his radiology residency and Body Imaging fellowship at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1998 through 1993. Following his fellowship, he spent twelve years with WBA Imaging, during which time he served as Chairman of the Department of Imaging at Prince George's Hospital Center. Dr. Kronthal was with GCM from 2005 – 2017 and is the incoming Chairman of Radiology at Sibley Hospital. He is a past president of the District of Columbia Metropolitan Radiological Society. He was awarded fellowship in the American College of Radiology in 2005.
Radiology and Radiological Science
MD; University of Virginia School of Medicine (1987)
Diagnostic Radiology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (1992)
American Board of Radiology (Diagnostic Radiology) (1992)
American Board of Radiology (Neuroradiology) (1999)


Cold weather can be devastating: from frozen water pipes to frozen toes! It can be just plain nasty. However, even in this frigid cold: From the rising of the sun to its going down, The Lord's name is to be praised. – Psa. 113:3.
Cold weather burns calories. Cold weather kills bacteria-carrying insects. Cold weather reduces inflammation. Cold weather makes sleep more conducive. Cold weather creates more energy. (Who hasn't fallen asleep in a warm classroom?) Cold weather helps us appreciate the hot days of Summer we were just complaining about!
But most of all, cold weather brings us closer together! You can't go outside, so enjoy spending inside time with your family & friends! (We don't get nearly enough of that). Game night! Movie night! Build a fort! (You're never too old to build a fort by the way.) I don't know, make a papier-mâché bust of George Costanza!
And for crying out loud, turn over that phone! Leave it in the corner! Ain't no one contacting you right now, man! They're all cold too!
If you are reading this it means: You can afford a phone. You are most likely inside. You have eyes that work. You have a mind that can comprehend what you are reading. You are breathing. You just stopped to pay attention to your breathing. Hey, you are still alive! Are you still living?
Make the most of it. For real: Enjoy these days. Thankfully, we don't get very many of them. Even when the weather is frightful, we can still praise God for His ridiculously prodigal (go ahead, look up the definition) blessings. He is worthy (Psa. 18:3). His Son is definitely worthy (Psa. 145:3).
*By the way, each of the verses referenced today were #3 = the Trinity, completeness, and certain of God's mighty acts (Exd. 19:11, Luke 13:32, etc.).
This entry was posted in Christian and tagged Christianity, Cold, Cold Weather, ColdWeather, Faith, life, Religion, Truth. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
[★VIDEO] Seulong isn't giving up on music as he updates from the recording studio
2AM member Seulong has moved from JYP Entertainment to SidusHQ to focus on his acting career, but recent updates from the celebrity himself show that he isn't giving up on music!
Captioned with "Live after a long time. Cool. Live for the first time," the new video uploaded onto Seulong's personal Instagram account shows a short snippet of what could possibly be his new working space for making music. Equipped with a Mac laptop, speakers, and a recording studio mic, it seems possible for fans to still be able to hear his singing voice in the future.
Meanwhile, Seulong has recently received numerous love calls for solo interviews with Korean news sites. Seulong also made a special appearance as a guest on Shim Hyun Bo's concert on April 10th as he had earlier featured in his "It's Cold" track.
In other news, 2AM members has recently parted ways with Jokwon and Changmin still in JYP Entertainment, while Jinwoon joins Mystic Entertainment. Though the members are separated, the agency and members has assured fans that they are not disbanded and can come together at anytime.
[instagram://1R6JznrOEH]


For over 15 years, ReloStrategy has been delivering unrivaled relocation services to top businesses across the country.
At ReloStrategy, we approach each project from the client's point-of-view. We understand that no two projects are alike. We tailor our services to fit your particular needs while taking into consideration your company's objectives, budget, culture and staff expertise. We work to guarantee expectations are not just met, but exceeded. We take great pride in becoming not just your partner, but a member of your team.


text:
Albert P. Keck II
Hadley Date Gardens, Inc., President
Albert is a third generation Californian and farmer. His grandparents moved to the Coachella Valley prior to WWII and started a date, citrus, and vegetable farming and packing operation. A lifelong native of the Coachella Valley, Albert grew up in the family business following in his father's footsteps and working in the fields, packing houses, and office through his school years. He graduated from Indio High School and completed his undergraduate and graduate education at Stanford University (B.A. Economics, M.A. Food Research Institute). After college, Albert returned to the Coachella Valley and continues to work in the family farming business alongside his parents, sister, and brother in law. The family enterprises include operations in CA, AZ, and NM and comprise dates, pecans, alfalfa, and cattle.
Albert currently is President of Hadley Date Gardens, Inc. and Chairman of the California Date Administrative Committee and the California Date Commission. In 2004, Albert was honored as Agriculturalist of the Year by the California Women for Agriculture, Coachella Valley Chapter. Albert also serves as a Trustee on the Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Trustee for Desert Christian Academy and serves as a Director on the Coachella Valley Irrigated Lands Coalition. Albert lives in Bermuda Dunes, CA with his wife, Caroline, they are blessed with four incredible children.
Albert was elected to the board in 2015, and is currently serving as Vice Chairman.


text:
DBA's Guide to the Waterways
For members planning a cruise into new territory or just deciding on the next day's mooring, the DBA Waterways Guide is ready to help, with information from Blackburn to the Black Sea and Binnenmuritz to Bram.
Moorings in the DBA Waterways Guide
The Guide started on paper around 1998, compiled by the then Chairman's wife, Jane Bradshaw. Around 2008 it was digitised and added to the DBA's website, where it could easily be read - and updated - by any DBA member. Under the editorshp of member Bill Jaques it steadily grew. With almost universal internet access, updates flow in to the Guide editor all through the year. There are now over 2000 entries. In 2015, there has been a welcome expansion in entries for Germany, thanks to a handful of dedicated members exploring there.
More and more entries are now made on the spot rather than from memory or notes, which leads to better and more detailed information. Those without internet aren't forgotten though! The Guide entries for a waterway can easily be printed - or even saved to a PC, tablet or smartphone for use later. Here's a typical entry, showing the sort of information the Guide holds:
Browsing a Waterway on the map
The Waterways Guide is not just for moorings. It is increasingly listing fuel or water points, shipyards and other waterside features as well. It has a simple search facility, for instance to find the nearest fuel or a stopping place near a train station
Maps!
The Guide uses Google maps to pinpoint the location of each entry – a big benefit of using the guide online!
Clicking on the marker for a Guide entry opens a panel giving the details. Then you can switch on the 'satellite' view and zoom in on a mooring. This can give a useful sneak preview of a place so you know roughly what to expect when you arrive. Sometimes it's even possible to spot the bollards if the grass isn't too long.
The Guide can also be printed as alist of entries for a selected waterway, instead of using the map.
Updates !
The guide relies on updates by the members who use it. Through the year, entries are updated, preferably on the spot for a dynamic, up-to-date database.
Some people assume DBA has a team roaming Europe to check the Guide entries. - We do... our members!!
Board and Volunteers
Anchor Weight
About the Waterways Guide
Do's and Dont's of Barging
Representation - Mainland Europe
Wed May 15, 2019 @10:00 - 05:00PM
VNF Direction Territoriale Nord-Est User Group meeting (CLU) Pete Clark to attend.
Sneek week
Thu Sep 19, 2019 @14:30 - 05:00PM
VNF Direction Territoriale Nord-Pas-de-Calais User Group meeting (CLU) Bob Marsland to attend
Thu Oct 10, 2019 @10:00 - 05:00PM
VNF Direction Territoriale Centre-Bourgogne User Group meeting (CLU) Paul Hayes to attend.
Fri Oct 18, 2019 @10:00 - 12:00AM
European Boating Association General Assembly
Thu Nov 21, 2019 @14:30 - 05:00PM
Tue Apr 07, 2020 @10:00 - 12:00AM
Escale à Sète


Queer and Trans Family Events take place each month at The 519 EarlyON Child and Family Centre.
These events celebrate LGBTQ2S diversity and are designed for queer and trans families. They provide a supportive space for families of diverse identities and configurations and their children (age 0 to 6) to meet, play, talk, learn and grow with each other. We provide early learning activities, music and movement, creative experiences, nutritious snacks, and parent education.
For adults we offer the opportunity to meet a wide variety of people who care for children. Our supportive staff can assist in accessing information about parenting issues. We have community information and a resource lending library.


Volume II: Coming Home to Mother Divine continues the journey. What began as a grand traveling adventure soon matures into a challenging purification process to prepare for direct experiences. Kaleshwar uses any situation to strengthen, perfect and heal the souls of his students—often in very unconventional ways! Mystic encounters with angels and saints; Jesus, Shirdi Sai Baba and Mother Divine, become the stuff of their day-to-day lives. This chronicle explores first-hand the intimate mystery of Darshan and the experiences that lay beyond...Deep personal struggles, heart-warming joys and humor are brought to life in these engaging stories, allowing the reader to see, feel and taste a rare and genuine spiritual adventure, set amidst the timeless backdrop of India.


text:
You are here: Home » Va-Yehi 5762
Va-Yehi 5762
Haftarah
Parshat Vayechi
(I Kings 2:1-12)
To expect that David's last will to his son Solomon would consist exclusively of virtuous words without an element of real politik is not realistic. Nevertheless, David's advise in the first half of his legacy to Solomon seems at odds with the message found in the later section. The ethical element of David's final message is encapsulated in the verse: "Keep the charge of the Lord your God, walking in His ways and following His laws, His commandments and His rules, and His admonitions as recorded in the Teachings of Moses, in order that you may succeed in whatever you undertake and wherever you turn." (1 Kings 2:3) This is followed by David's admonition to deal with his remaining foes. David introduces this section of his message with a seemingly innocuous word – "v'gam" which literally means: "and also". These words join the later section of David's message to the previous section.
The word "v'gam" serves as a pretext for a number of the medieval commentators to explain the connection between the first part of David's message and the second part. Rabbi David Kimche (Radak), the 12th century Provencal commentator, maintains that David's message regarding his enemies should be viewed as part of the Divine commandments that Solomon was to follow. He asserts that each of David's enemies, who had previously gone unpunished for crimes they had committed, were still subject to punishment. Consequently, David advised his son, Solomon, to carry out his judicial role as king.
Abrabanel, the 15th century Spanish commentator and statesman, reflects upon his personal knowledge and experience in his explanation of this passage. He rejects Radak's explanation that David's advise to Solomon was concerned with past crimes. Rather, Abrabanel explains that David's concern was for the future. Solomon was only an impressionable youth. David was concerned that his enemies might offer the new king false council or worse yet, might even overthrow the new king. If Solomon was not made aware of this possibility, he would have been ill-prepared for his new role as king.
People often look to the Bible with the expectation that it will reflect an idyllic utopian reality. The story of King David's advice to his son on his deathbed presents a different picture. Its expectations are not illusory but very realistic and pragmatic. The establishment of righteousness and justice in the world cannot be otherwise. David, who had served as the king for so many years, was well aware of this undeniable truth. He would have been negligent as a monarch and as a father if he had not made Solomon aware of this reality as well.


text:
Entertainment In Other News 26 Feb 2020 Mehreen is not professional: Shankar Prasad
Entertainment, In Other News
Mehreen is not professional: Shankar Prasad
THE ASIAN AGE. | SURESH KAVIRAYANI
Published : Feb 26, 2020, 1:10 am IST
Updated : Feb 26, 2020, 1:10 am IST
Shankar Prasad, producer of Aswathama, hits out at the actress, says shooting with her was challenging.
Producer of the film Ashwathama has revealed that they are planning to stop paying actress Mehreen's accommodation bill if she does not show up for the film promotions. "We had roped her in for a shooting schedule of 30 days and made an agreement that she would also attend the promotional events of the film," said Shankara Prasad. Though the actress had attended only 15 days of the shoot, they still paid her the full remuneration, said the producer.
"It's a common practice to pay the last installment of Rs 10 lakhs after she attends the promotion of the film. Despite her missing a few promotional events, we have paid all her dues," said the producer.
He also alleges that they were made to pay her extremely high food and laundry bills. "We never questioned her about the same, but we received huge bills for her breakfast and lunch. In fact, we paid nearly `6 lakhs for her assistant, who also stayed in the same hotel in a separate room," said Prasad, adding further, "Before leaving the hotel, she didn't even inform us. But we want to maintain good relations with the hotel, so we cleared all her dues." Finally, he says that many people had warned him before signing her up for this film but he went ahead. "When Shaurya, the lead actor of the film, was injured in a major accident, she didn't even call us and in fact got angry that the shoot got delayed," complained Shankara Prasad.
I paid the hotel bills: Mehreen
Reacting to the allegations levelled against her, actress Mehreen says, "My manager Mahendra had already paid the hotel bills after waiting for more than two weeks for the production team to clear it. Hotel officials were continuously calling me and asking me to share my credit card details as they said the production house had denied to pay for the same."
She further adds, "One day before the release, the producers stopped answering my manager's call and even denied me a return ticket to come back home. My manager booked the tickets for me and my mom. After reading so many false reports against me, I decided to give a statement from my side. I believe the producer called up my manager to reimburse him for the hotel dues. They termed my accommodation bills as my laundry bills!"
"It's not only me that they have misbehaved with. Surprisingly, they behave the same with everybody they work with, including the director. They do not shy away from criticising people in public post the release of the film. Regarding my stylist, I believe every artist is styled by a professional. Do they expect me to wear my home clothes in the film?" concludes Mehreen.
Tags: mehreen, shankar prasad


This seminar focuses on the bar muscle-up. During the two weeks we will focus on specific drills to help you either get your first bar muscle-up or learn how to do be more efficient. We will cover strength exercises and scales that you can do during class or on your own time to help you further develop the skill.


text:
"Approved therapies for multiple sclerosis work by reducing the initial myelin injury — they do not promote myelin regeneration. My research supported in part by the MS Society of Canada could help find new drug targets to enhance myelin regeneration and help to restore lost function in people with multiple sclerosis."
— Dr. Veronique Miron, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh.
The MS Society of Canada is currently funding 10 studies dedicated to finding answers about myelin repair. Effective and timely repair of myelin — the insulation wrapped around nerve fibres, termed axons, in the central nervous system that is damaged by immune cells in multiple sclerosis — is critical to avoiding exhaustion of nerve cells and further damage to tissue.
Remyelination is a complex and time sensitive process. Once a window of opportunity for myelin repair has passed, the ability for the nervous system to undergo repair decreases significantly— thus it is important to know exactly when and how repair can take place.
Remyelination may also protect the axons from vulnerability to further damage by immune cells. Recent research using mice with an MS-like disease has shown that axons that have been repaired appear to be protected from future degeneration. Whether this effect lasts over a long period of time is yet to be determined, but this evidence demonstrates that remyelination is a key step in reversing damage, preventing progression and improving physical recovery in all forms of MS.
While the development of therapies that encourage myelin repair is gaining more traction in the MS research community, many questions remain. Innovative work, such as Dr. Simon Zhornitsky's MS Society funded research on the remyelinating abilities of an antipsychotic drug, has been conducted; however, more research is needed in this field to uncover new therapies that would enhance repair of nerve damage in people with all forms of MS.
Find out how you can help MS researchers like Dr. Zhornitsky in their work.
For more information on Canadian MS research, check out the latest copy of MS Research.