text:
Law Centre NI
Social Security Law and Practice
Bulletin | Winter 2021-22
Happy new year from everyone at Law Centre NI! We're looking forward to another year of using law to make a real difference to people's lives.
What's inside...
A summary of recent cases including:
The Supreme Court's decision in Fratila and another v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2021] UKSC 53.
Decisions of the Northern Ireland Social Security Commissioner from July to September 2021.
The latest Northern Ireland Social Security legislation.
News from our Social Security team.
Our recent publications.
Training at Law Centre NI.
It's one year since we started publishing our quarterly Social Security Law and Practice Bulletin. We would love to hear your views about our Bulletin and the topics you would like us to cover in future editions. If you would like to share your views, please take the following 5 minute survey: Readers Survey
To join our mailing list, click here. To access past editions of our Social Security Law and Practice Bulletin, click here.
Fratila and another v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2021] UKSC 53
The position of EU migrants living in the UK before Brexit, has received considerable scrutiny since the end of the Brexit transition period. One area of contention is the entitlement of EU migrants, awarded pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme, to Universal Credit.
In our Autumn edition, we reported on the Court of Justice of the European Union's (CJEU) decision in CG v. Department for Communities in Northern Ireland (C-709/20). Law Centre NI represented CG, an EU migrant with pre-settled status, who was refused UC despite living in destitution with two young children. In December 2021, the Supreme Court gave its decision in Fratila and another v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2021] UKSC 53. Fratila also concerns the eligibility of EU citizens with pre-settled status to Universal Credit and sees the Supreme Court applying the CJEU's decision in CG.
In response to several queries from Social Security Advisers, Law Centre NI has drafted the following case note which outlines the practical implications of CG and Fratila.
Social Security Commissioner Decisions
Personal Independence Payment
Activity 4: Washing and bathing
When assessing a claimant's ability to wash and bathe, a tribunal must consider whether they can do so within a reasonable time period.
NH v. Department for Communities (PIP) [2021] NI Com 37
Invitation to health assessment
An invitation to a health assessment must use language of a clear and unambiguous mandatory requirement to attend.
IG-C v. Department for Communities (ESA) [2021] NI Com 39
AO'G v. Department for Communities (PIP) [2021] NI Com 32
Appeal Procedure
A tribunal must give reasons for refusing an adjournment request and must ensure effective claimant participation in an appeal hearing.
JF v. Department for Communities (PIP) [2021] NI Com 33
Employment Support Allowance
Regulation 29 ESA (NI) Regulations 2008:
How should a tribunal decide if there is work a claimant can do without creating the substantial risk to health envisaged by regulation 29?
RB v. Department for Communities (ESA) [2021] NI Com 42
Is a payment made in settlement of industrial tribunal proceedings 'employed earnings' for the purpose of Universal Credit?
Department for Communities v. RM (UC) [2021] NI Com 36
Jobseeker's Allowance
Deprivation of capital to obtain ESA is not treated as notional capital for a subsequent claim to JSA.
DB v. Department for Communities (JSA) [2021] NI Com 43
Social Security Legislation
Welfare Supplementary Payments (Amendment) Bill
In December 2021, the Minister for Communities introduced the Welfare Supplementary Payments (Amendment) Bill to the NI Assembly. The Bill extends the Welfare Supplementary Payment scheme, which mitigates the impact of the bedroom tax in Northern Ireland, to 31 March 2025. The Bill also requires the Department for Communities to conduct a review and to report on Welfare Supplementary Schemes to inform decisions on further extension beyond 31 March 2025.
An Advisory Panel, led by former Chief Commissioner of the NI Human Rights Commission, Les Allamby, has been appointed to complete a comprehensive review of existing welfare mitigation measures and to consider a future mitigation package. Law Centre NI has engaged with the Advisory Panel as a key stakeholder in the field of social security law and policy. You can read the Advisory Panel's terms of reference here. The Advisory Panel's final report is expected in February 2022.
Terminal illness bill
In January 2022, the Social Security (Terminal Illness) Bill passed the final stage to becoming law. The Bill will change the law on access to benefits for terminally ill people by extending the life expectancy criteria from six months to 12 months. The law will take effect in April 2022.
Last year, Law Centre NI brought a case on behalf of a young mother, Lorraine Cox. Lorraine suffers from a terminal illness, but could not get fast-track support from the social security system because she did not satisfy the six month life expectancy criteria. Read our case note on Lorraine's case here.
The new law will make the benefits system more accessible to people in Lorraine's position. However, we hope that it will merely be a stepping stone to further reform. With our partners, Marie Curie and the MND Association, we will continue to campaign for a review of a range of options, including the Scottish model which is based on clinical judgment of life expectancy.
Upfront childcare costs - extension to the Adviser Discretion Fund
In October 2021, the Department extended the Adviser Discretion Fund (ADF) to provide a non-repayable grant of up to £1,500 (within a 12 month period) to claimants of certain benefits. One of the Department's reasons for the extension is to provide parents with help to meet upfront childcare costs where such costs pose a barrier to moving into work, recommencing employment or significantly increasing their hours.
The Universal Credit (Childcare Costs) (Amendment) Regulations (NI) 2021, introduced in September 2021, ensure that payment for childcare costs under the Adviser Discretion Fund is included in a claimant's account as if the claimant paid the costs themselves. This means that the ADF payment will be reflected in the childcare costs element of their UC award and should help claimants meet future childcare payments before reclaiming the costs from UC.
For further information, Employers for Childcare has produced a useful guide entitled Adviser Discretion Fund - Help with upfront childcare costs.
Further limitations on disabled students' access to UC
December 2021 saw a further limitation on the ability of disabled students to claim Universal Credit.
The Universal Credit (Exceptions to the requirement not to be receiving education) (Amendment) Regulations (NI) 2021 amend Regulation 14 of the Universal Credit Regulations (NI) 2016. The amendment means that a person entitled to disability benefits must have been determined to have Limited Capability for Work before starting a course of education to be eligible for Universal Credit.
Before the amendment, disabled students could 'workaround' the Regulation 14 limitation by claiming Employment Support Allowance, being referred for a Work Capability Assessment, and when they are determined to have Limited Capability for Work, applying for Universal Credit.
From December 2021, this route will be closed to disabled students.
The Explanatory Note to the Regulations states that the 'workaround' is contrary to the policy intent of Regulation 14 of the UC Regulations. It also highlights the alternative financial support made available to disabled students in the form of loans and grants from the Disabled Students Allowance, Hardship Funds of universities and colleges, and Student Finance Northern Ireland.
The 2021 Regulations follow on from the The Universal Credit (Exceptions to the Requirement not to be receiving Education) (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2020 which came into force in August 2020. The GB equivalent of the 2020 Regulations are currently subject to judicial review, in which the applicant argues that the regulations are discriminatory under the European Convention on Human Rights.
Law Centre NI is exploring a challenge to the law on disabled students' access to Universal Credit. We would like to hear from you if you or your client has been affected by the 2020 or 2021 Regulations. Contact our social security legal team on (028) 90 244401 or benefitsadvice@lawcentreni.org.
Welfare assistance for Afghan refugees
In response to the fall of the Afghan government in August 2021 and the resettlement of Afghan refugees in Northern Ireland, the Social Security (Habitual Residence and Past Presence (Amendment) Regulations (NI) 2021 came into operation in October 2021.
The Regulations exempt certain people relocated to Northern Ireland from Afghanistan from having to satisfy habitual residence and past presence tests before they are eligible for welfare assistance. This means that qualifying claimants should be able to access income related and disability and carer's benefits on their arrival in Northern Ireland.
No under occupancy deduction for victims of domestic violence
In October 2021, the Housing Benefit and Universal Credit (Sanctuary Schemes) (Amendment) Regulations (NI) 2021 came into operation in Northern Ireland. The 2021 Regulations amend the Housing Benefit Regulations (NI) 2006 and the Universal Credit Regulations (NI) 2016.
The Regulations introduce an exception to under occupancy deductions for Housing Benefit and Universal Credit claimants, who have been a victim of domestic violence and who are living in the social rented sector in a property which is adapted under a sanctuary scheme.
Payment of benefit arrears in instalments
The Social Security Benefits (Claims and Payments) (Amendment) Regulations (NI) 2021, introduced in October 2021, allow the Department to pay benefit arrears in instalments where it considers it is in the interest of the claimant and the claimant agrees to payment by instalment.
News from our Social Security team
Recovery of overpayments caused by official error
The Department can recover overpayments of Universal Credit, 'New Style' benefits and Welfare Supplementary Payment from claimants even if the overpayments were caused by its error. Law Centre NI has been tracking the impact of this for some time. Read our recent statement here.
In November 2021, in response to a Freedom of Information request, we obtained data from the Department on the number of official error overpayments in Northern Ireland for the years 2019/20 and 2020/21. Please note, this data has not been quality assured to the standard of published Official Statistics.
The data shows that in 2019/20, there were more than 5,000 cases of overpayment caused by official error. This equates to more than £3million. In 2020/21, the figures increased by more than 50%, to over 8,000 cases of overpayment caused by official error, equating to more than £5million. All these overpayments are recoverable by the Department.
Claimants do have the option of requesting a Discretionary Waiver in response to the Department's request for repayment of an overpayment. However, we do not believe this option is widely known by advisers or claimants. The Department for Work and Pensions statistics for the year 2020/21 in GB indicate that out of 337,000 official error overpayments up to 10 were waived, equating to only £22,000.
To increase awareness about the option of a Discretionary Waiver in Northern Ireland, in October 2019, we published a Legal Information Briefing on social security overpayments and discretionary waiver. Our Briefing provides practical guidance for claimants, including an example of a Discretionary Waiver request letter.
Law Centre NI is concerned about the impact on claimants of the Department's recovery of official error overpayments. There is the financial burden of being faced with an overpayment bill, but also the impact on claimants' mental and emotional health. Particularly, when the overpayment has arisen through no fault of the claimant.
We are also concerned that the law provides a disincentive to the Department to avoid official error overpayments by making sure its calculations are correct first time. It is important that claimants can confidently rely on the social security system and do not have to double check and query payments before spending them.
Law Centre NI is calling on the Department to review and amend its guidance on when to apply a Discretionary Waiver in cases of official error overpayment. We would like to see the guidance amended to better reflect the individual circumstances of claimants. We would like the guidance to consider factors such as the capacity of the claimant to identify the Departmental error, the use of the benefit in good faith and the time that has passed since the benefit was spent.
Law Centre NI is aware of some clients whose legacy benefit continued to be paid after they made a claim for Universal Credit. This is an official error overpayment, as a stop notice should have prevented the continuation of the legacy benefit. The Department has been treating such cases as Universal Credit overpayments, allowing it to recover despite the official error.
If you have a client in these circumstances, please speak to the Law Centre Social Security team about a potential legal challenge as soon as possible. You can contact our Social Security Legal Team on (028) 9024 4401 or benefitsadvice@lawcentreni.org.
Work Capability Assessments for Employment Support Allowance and Universal Credit
Over the last few months, our Social Security Advice Line has received a number of queries concerning ESA and UC claimants who are subject to work capability assessment and who receive a UC50 form and a ESA50 form to complete. We have also received queries about claimants who receive different outcomes following their work capability assessments for UC and ESA.
Our Welfare Rights Adviser, Rachael Jeffers, has prepared Frequently Asked Questions to help advisers and claimants navigate through such situations.
Frontier workers can claim Tax Credits
Law Centre NI recently acted for a frontier worker client.
Our client, who lives in the Republic of Ireland and works in Northern Ireland, made an application for Tax Credits and Child Benefit to HMRC after ending her claims for equivalent benefits in the Republic of Ireland. HMRC refused her claims. It advised the claimant that, as a result of Brexit and 'welfare reform changes', it was not possible for her to make a new claim for Tax Credits. The claimant made several complaints to HMRC.
When the case was referred from a local advice agency to Law Centre NI, we were able to confirm that frontier workers continue to be classed as an 'exempt group' (see the Welfare Reform (Northern Ireland) Order 2015 (Commencement No. 14 and Savings and Transitional Provisions) Order 2019) and can therefore make a new claim for Tax Credits. After a lengthy delay, HMRC finally processed the claimant's Tax Credits claim and fully backdated the award.
Our client, who had been struggling financially, is now receiving the correct entitlement and better off by approximately £11,000, including a £4,000 back payment. HMRC has also awarded our client £250 in compensation for the anxiety and distress that came about as a result of its error and delay.
Appeals Service introducing PIP Appeal pilot from December 2021
From December 2021, the Appeals Service is introducing a six month pilot for PIP appeals.
The pilot will introduce interlocutory hearings, during which a Legally Qualified Member (LQM) will consider sets of appeal papers. After considering the appeal papers, the LQM may issue directions to the claimant in relation to issues specific to their appeal. Claimants may also be invited to obtain focused, specific and relevant medical evidence for use at the appeal hearing.
The purpose of the exercise is to ensure that claimants do not need to produce their entire medical notes and records unless the tribunal believe this to be necessary.
There will be no requirement for the claimant or their representative to attend the interlocutory hearing. The Appeals Service will list the appeal for hearing once the claimant has complied with any directions and provided the relevant medical evidence.
You can read more about representing claimants before the Appeal Tribunal in our Adviser Practice Guide on Appeals to the Appeal Tribunal for Northern Ireland.
Personal Independence Payment - Statistics
In November 2021, the Department released its most recent statistical report on Personal Independence Payments (PIP). Statistics help us and others to monitor how the Department is administering PIP in Northern Ireland. In September 2021, we obtained statistics from the BBC that show that from January to June 2021, 60% of disability benefit claimants, including PIP claimants, won their benefit appeals.
One of the recommendations of the PIP Second Independent Review of the Assessment Process was that the Department should ensure its Case Managers are empowered to carry out their role as Decision Makers and amend descriptor choices, recommended by Capita, if they have evidence to support this.
Law Centre NI considers that one way of meeting this recommendation is for the Department to monitor how often Case Managers go against a Capita recommendation. We know that statistical information on this is collected by the Department for Work and Pensions and we urged the Department to do the same.
In September 2021, the Department informed us that it is now collecting statistics on how often its Case Managers go against a Capita recommendation. Law Centre NI will monitor these statistics and report our findings in future Bulletins.
Our Adviser Practice Guide on How to find legal information signposts social security advisers to sources of social security case law and legislation.
Download the poster to print off and put on your office wall. When you want to access the electronic links to the legal information resources in future, you can scan the QR code to get an online copy. From here, you will have legal information resources at your finger tips.
Our Adviser Practice Guide on Appeals to the Appeal Tribunal for Northern Ireland provides guidance to Social Security Advisers, representing claimants before the Appeal Tribunal.
Part 1 of our Adviser Practice Guide on appealing to the Social Security Commissioner provides guidance to Social Security Advisers on identifying errors of law in Appeal Tribunal Decisions.
Part 2 of our Adviser Practice Guide on appealing to the Social Security Commissioner outlines the procedure that applies to appeals from an Appeal Tribunal.
OCN Level 2 Certificate in Social Security Advice - online
This course is for people who support those engaging with the benefits system, for example social workers, community workers and activists. The course will provide information about how the benefit system works and where and when to refer people for further support. Opens on 14 January 2022.
OCN Level 3 Certificate in Generalist Advice - online
This nationally accredited qualification is aimed at individuals who wish to develop skills in the area of generalist advice and will focus on applied learning, using case studies and active learning exercises. Next cohort begins on 18 January 2022.
OCN Level 4 Tribunal Representation - online
This course provides a detailed understanding of the Personal Independence Payment decision and appeals process, and includes top tips from the Law Centre NI legal and advice teams. Advisers will also have the opportunity to participate in mock tribunal hearings. Next cohort begins in April 2022.
Introductory training on Benefits, Personal Independence Payment and Universal Credit - online
This series of courses is the ideal starting point for anyone working with clients impacted by the social security benefits system. It is also a useful introduction to benefits for non-benefits advisers. For more information, follow this link: Introductory training for those working with clients impacted by the social security system.
For details on costs and bookings, please contact our training team at training@lawcentreni.org | 028 9024 4401.
We always welcome your feedback. Please send comments about our Social Security Law and Practice Bulletin to margaret.carson@lawcentreni.org.
Disclaimer: Although every effort is made to ensure the information in Law Centre (NI) publications is accurate, we cannot be held liable for any inaccuracies and their consequences. The information should not be treated as a complete and authoritative statement of the law. Law Centre (NI) only operates within Northern Ireland and the information in this document is only relevant to Northern Ireland law. When reading Law Centre documents, please pay attention to their date of publication as legislation may have changed since they were published.
Law Centre (NI) has included links to external websites throughout this Bulletin. Law Centre (NI) cannot take responsibility for pages maintained by external providers and bears no responsibility for the accuracy or legality of the content of the external website or subsequent links from an external website.
Copyright © 2022 Law Centre (NI), All rights reserved.
You can update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list.


Foodie Fridays: Rhubarb time of year again!
Remember last year how wonderful our rhubarb was growing?
This year the rhubarb is coming in strong and delicious. We've even made a $16 profit selling it to the local fruit/veggie stand (I love those guys).
Rhubarb is a resilient plant that grows without any help therefore it's a gardener's dream, unless you don't want it then I guess it would be a nightmare plant.
This year I've gotten into making cake breads with the rhubarb and even muffins!
I've got the fancy muffins. The recipe I used was based loosely on the recipe for bread cake (upper left corner) from my Zojirushi bread maker. The mash in the tupperware is my attempt at 'frosting' where I combined the leftover mashed strawberries/rhubarb with powdered sugar and some coconut flour for thickening.


text:
Kevin McCarthy Drops Out Of Race To Become Next House Speaker
In a stunning turn of events, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., has withdrawn from the race to become the next speaker of the House.
McCarthy was the favorite ahead of Thursday's closed-door vote by House Republicans. He was in a three-way race for the top spot in the House with Reps. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, and Daniel Webster, R-Fla.
NPR's Jessica Taylor reports for It's All Politics on what happened during the caucus meeting:
"Rep. Tom Rooney, R-Fla., said the meeting opened, Republicans said the Pledge and then McCarthy stood up and took himself out of the race. The prohibitive favorite said he didn't want members to take arrows for voting for him and that he was taking himself out of contention.
"Speaker Boehner then immediately moved to adjourn the meeting. Rooney said there was 'total shock' and some members were audibly crying."
The House GOP tweeted that the election has been postponed.
For more, follow our colleagues at It's All Politics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Researchers develop algorithm to determine when COVID-19 infection happens during pregnancy using nationwide electronic health records
November 29, 2022 | Erin Bluvas, bluvase@sc.edu
Scientists from the USC Arnold School of Public Health and School of Medicine Columbia have developed an algorithm for identifying the gestational week when COVID-19 infection occurs. Published in PLOS ONE, the method leverages large amounts of data from electronic health records and enables researchers and clinicians to better understand the potential risks to both fetus and mother.
"Recent findings suggest COVID-19 to be associated with an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal complications; however, there has been limited knowledge pertaining to the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pregnancy," says Chen Liang, who is an assistant professor with the Arnold School's Department of Health Services Policy and Management (HSPM) and the USC Big Data Health Science Center. "Timing of viral infection is important because fetuses are more vulnerable to maternal complications and/or viral infection during certain gestational stages."
Unfortunately, the quality of data (e.g., incomplete and inconsistent health records) and existing extraction methodologies fall short of identifying when these key moments occur. With their new algorithm, Liang and his team use available health records to accurately infer gestational age and delivery dates – enabling researchers to study the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy.
For this project, the authors used electronic health records collected during antenatal, labor/delivery and postpartum care. Spanning up to 21 months, these records provide a rich source of data from multiple visits, health providers, clinical sites and information systems. The availability of these records in an electronic format is a relatively new development in health care research and has paved the way for big data approaches.
The emergence of big data methods has allowed scientists to make rapid progress in developing useful tools, such as this algorithm, for extracting useful information from previously underutilized, and often untapped, reservoirs of information contained within electronic health records. The authors' creation is already in use by several cohort studies examining the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women's clinical inflammation and pregnancy complications in real time.
HSPM doctoral student Tianchu Lyu, who served as first author on the paper, presented the findings at the American Medical Informatics Association's annual symposium earlier this month. By spreading the word about this algorithm, the Norman J. Arnold Doctoral Fellow and SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality Junior Scholar is extending the positive impacts of big data even further.
"Our algorithm is among the first that detects the exact gestational week of viral infection, early-stage pregnancy, preterm birth, early termination, post-term birth and other adverse clinical events," Liang says. "Because viral infection at different stages of pregnancy is associated with different risks of fetus development and maternal status, it is also generalizable to viral infection aside from COVID-19 as well as adverse events that would affect pregnancy."
Chen Liang named Fellow of the American Medical Informatics Association
Arnold School researchers enlisted in nationwide effort to tackle long COVID
Chen Liang awarded new grant to better understand COVID-19 – HIV coinfection through data mining and artificial intelligence
Arnold School faculty to lead five projects with support from Prisma Health Research Seed Grant Program
Chen Liang brings informatics expertise to Department of Health Services Policy and Management
Chen Liang
Chen Liang is an assistant professor with the Department of Health Services Policy and Management, South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, and USC Big Data Health Science Center.


text:
Home » Commercial and Systems Integrators
Universal acquires THRIVE Intelligence
Company plans to offer latest in video monitoring across the country
Leah Hoenen
SANTA ANA, Calif.—When a crime has occurred, scanning through video afterwards can help document the incident and identify a suspect. But analyzing live video can prevent a crime from taking place or stop one while it's happening.
With its recent purchase of THRIVE Intelligence, Universal Protection Security Systems has now added such a crime prevention tool to its capabilities, said Steve Jones, CEO of parent company Universal Services of America. This purchase, announced Nov. 27, falls in line with the company's commitment to expand its electronic security offerings. Terms of the deal were not made public.
Universal was initially a potential customer of THRIVE, Jones said. His company was so impressed by what it found, it decided to purchase THRIVE instead. "THRIVE Intelligence had built what we felt was truly a state-of-the-art technology in regards to managing remote video and using analytics to manage that video," Jones said. "Its capabilities are far superior to what was available in the industry."
Universal plans to roll out THRIVE technology in all 50 states, Jones said.
At the THRIVE center, analytical software keeps tabs on video feed coming in from many cameras and alerts analysts to potential problems—people entering the wrong door, packages left alone, leaks, fires and more—so the analysts can hone right in on the issue and contact security or law enforcement as needed, Jones said.
A guard company with 35,000 guards in 47 states, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, Universal Protection already offers electronic security systems in a dozen Western and Southeastern states, Jones said.
"The future of security is really a total security solution, and that means the security provider has to provide [human] guards as well as technology to solve customers' problems," Jones said.
In the past, people looked to video after a crime to determine how many criminals to seek, while hoping for a clear enough picture to produce a description, Jones said.
With analytics, video becomes more cost effective and is used as a crime prevention tool as well as a crime documentation tool. "Ideally, now we're able to prevent things from happening," he said.
Video analysts are based in THRIVE Intelligence's Dallas/Ft. Worth remote monitoring center, which Universal acquired in the deal. The company has also brought on THRIVE's 50 staff members, Jones said.
"THRIVE technology truly provides the consumer with remote video capabilities they've never had before, with a live person being able to focus and pay attention to issues as they arise versus one person trying to watch 100 cameras, which is just impossible," Jones said.
Universal Protection Security Services,
Thrive Intelligence,
Security industry weighs in on role of DIY
Sargent and Greenleaf appoints Mark Lemire as CEO
Resideo acquires LifeWhere
Allied Universal launches Risk Advisory and Consulting Services division
LifeShield HD Video Doorbell camera makes its debut


text:
Folkets Röst var en stockholmsbaserad halvveckotidning som utgavs av hovrättsnotarie Franz Sjöberg mellan åren 1849 och 1861. Tidningen var kontroversiell och väckte bland annat uppseende genom sin hårda kritik mot de liberala strömningarna i landet, främst representerade av Aftonbladet. Sjöberg var även känd som antisemitismens främsta språkrör i Sverige, och använde stundtals Folkets Röst som ett propagandaorgan riktat mot judar.

Källor

Nedlagda svenska tidningar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Game times to be determined for the 2017 season, please check our U.W. Alumni Baseball Players Facebook page or the Club Baseball team Facebook page for game times, location and team updates. 1996 was the last year that U.W. fielded a division one Varsity Baseball Team, college baseball returned to Laramie several years later as a Club Sport. The club team relies on partial funding by U.W. and team supported fundraising efforts annually to pay for all team expenses such as: game/tournament travel expenses, uniforms, equipment, field rental, and umpires. In an effort to help the Club Team raise money the U.W. Alumni Baseball Players Organization launched an online fundraiser selling coffee. There are 6 blends of premium coffee to choose from, orders are roasted fresh daily and conveniently shipped directly to supporters within days of purchase. A portion of the proceeds from coffee sales go directly to the Club Team monthly. Click "Wyoming Cowboy Coffee" to open the coffee webpage.


I am a smart football player and read my guards every play. I am a good coverage linebacker that is fast sideline to sideline.
I am a coachable kid and a student of the game. I watch film all the time and I love to fill holes. I make big plays in big moments.
Get stronger and faster and gain 15 pounds. Also compete at camps and 7 on 7s.
Chris Borland because he's considered a undersized linebacker. Every Saturday I would watch him when he played at Wisconsin and watch his feet, reads, and how he tackles and I thought everything was near perfect that he did.
If you are Zach Scott, you may request access to edit and maintain this profile.


Welcome to Patra Stoneworks - your resource for natural stone in Lower Mainland and Greater Vancouver. | Patra Stone Works Ltd.
Patra Stone Works Ltd - your resource for natural stone in the Lower Mainland and Greater Vancouver.
Patra Stone Works is the leading supplier, fabricator and installer of countertops, bathroom vanities from solid piece of natural stone rocks such as granite, marble, quartz, quartzite, onyx, soapstone, slate and travertine as well as engineering stones throughout British Columbia since 1999.
We create natural stone surfaces that blend the beauty of the stone with the design of your space, and take great pride in our workmanship and strive to offer the best customer service and quality products. We invite you to visit our newly expanded and updated warehouse and showroom - let us help you make your vision a reality.
To read more about what we can do for you, click here.
Special offer for our customers located within 15 km radius from our showroom: save big on single vanity countertops! Come to our showroom to see the available color selection!
Struggling with choosing the perfect colors while renovating your home? We are happy to refer you to a professional Interior Designer who will help you select the colors perfect for your home.
We have an extensive selection of granite and marble from different countries available for you to view at our warehouse. Our selection of products is sure to meet any taste, residential or commercial. From commercial projects to unique designs for your home, our products will bring beauty and elegance to any space. Go to our materials page to find out more!


i)*The way we look at the world is so different and distracting* that in order to explain what is going on you really need to get the worlds attention. Depending on how good you are at getting peoples attention will determine if they even find what ever it is you are trying to say. Adam Lovejoy reports from Paris sharing interesting ways of approaching political analysis. The way things are shaping up in Europe and across the pond at the moment. He takes a look at how America is explaining things. He also reports about Syrian rebels and the broad spectrum of things being formed between United Nations and Bashar al-Assad. The Middle East is a very popular subject and the Taliban is again another popular subject people like to write about. The thing is there has already been a lot of things said about the great big war, so what could possibly be on the cards, that you have not already read. Well like any game practise makes perfect. The easiest way to end with war cards is loose of win. The quicker this happens the less it drags out. Another thing about war as you can see in the image (courtesy of Stirring Trouble Internationally) is that war is a great way of clearing debts. Countries have been levelling the playing field for years. Adam manages to separate from fiction and draw you into that world of knowing just what exactly is going on. Check out the main website or simply add us on Facebook or Google+ to keep up to date with news.
ii*The online world is taking it all in its own pace*, everybody are racing to work how it all works. The providers are always changing and the companies are calling people to shift them out of one way of doing something and get them into doing something else. And the small print has it all clearly explained. Ted Obvious is in London talking again about Social Media, politicians and media hacks. The public are often the mugs and the social networks are a great way of singling people out. The politcians are always trying to warn people about this sort of thing in newspapers. The great thing is TV news and mainstream media make even more Celebs out of people, so in effect anyone can challenge these things that are happening. Just be sure to sort it out within seven days.


text:
«Первоиерарх Московский и всех православных церквей в СССР» — церковный титул, который носили два последних главы обновленчества: митрополит Виталий (Введенский) (1933—1941) и митрополит Александр Введенский (1941—1946).

Употребление
5 мая 1933 года председателю обновленческого «Священного Синода Православных Церквей в СССР» митрополиту «Московскому и Тульскому» Виталию (Введенскому) был усвоен титул «Первоиерараха православных церквей в СССР». 29 апреля 1935 года, в связи с «самороспуском» обновленческого Священного Синода, митрополит Виталий (Введенский) объявлен единственным главой обновленческой Церкви.

Как писал Анатолий Краснов-Левитин: «По инициативе проф. Зарина (своего секретаря), митрополит Виталий принимает пышный титул "Первоиерарха Московского и всех православных церквей в СССР". Ему присваивается небывалый титул: "Ваше первосвятительство", и к его имени прилагается эпитет: "первосвященнейший". Однако вся эта внешняя помпа не может скрыть той парадоксальной ситуации, в которой очутилось обновленчество. Ярые противники единоличной власти и сторонники "соборного начала" вынуждены отныне перейти сами к единоличному управлению».

В апреле 1941 года Виталий (Введенский) организовал Высшее церковное управление и возглавил его в ранге председателя. 6 октября 1941 он передал должность первоиерарха и председателя ВЦУ своему заместителю митрополиту Александру Введенскому.

Последний заменил эпитет «первосвященнейший» на «святейший и блаженнейший», что было заимствовано им из титула предстоятеля Грузинской православной церкви. Интересно, что сам Александр Введенский отзывался о своём титуле следующим образом: «Не знаю, не знаю, это новый сан. Поэтому я и сам не знаю своих полномочий. Вероятно, они безграничны». Все обновленческие епископы одобрили этот титул.

4 декабря 1941 года Александр Введенский стал именовать себя первоиерархом-патриархом, но вскоре отказался от такого титула.

После смерти Александра Введенского в 1946 году обновленческий митрополит Крутицкий Филарет (Яценко) провозгласил себя «митрополитом обновленческих церквей в СССР». В 1951 году он скончался, не оставив преемников

Примечания

Литература

История Русской церкви
Религиозные титулы


text:
Previous (Washington Monument)
Next (Wasp)
Not to be confused with The Times.
The printing and distribution center of The Washington Times
The Washington Times is an American daily newspaper. Published as a broadsheet at 3600 New York Avenue NE, Washington, D.C., the paper covers general interest topics with a particular emphasis on American politics. Its slogan is "America's Newspaper."
Founded on May 17, 1982, by Unification Church leader Sun Myung Moon, the Times was owned by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with the church until 2010, in which Moon and a group of former executives purchased the paper. It is currently owned by diversified conglomerate Operations Holdings, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the church.[1]
1.1 Beginnings
1.2 De Borchgrave years
1.3 Wesley Pruden editorship
1.4 Post-Pruden years
2 Issues regarding financial stability
3 Political stance
One of the first broadsheets in the United States to adopt color photography, The Washington Times daily edition is distributed throughout the District of Columbia and sections of Maryland and Virginia. A weekly tabloid edition aimed at a national audience is also published.[2] A typical issue includes sections for world and national news, business, politics, editorials and opinion pieces, local news, sports, entertainment, and travel. Periodically, the paper publishes large, 30–40 page special sections devoted to specific policy topics that include reports and commentary from a variety of experts on the subject. Politically conservative, The Washington Times offers a needed alternative to The Washington Post which was previously the only major newspaper published in Washington DC.
The Washington Times was founded in 1982 by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with the Unification Church, which also owns newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, as well as the news agency United Press International.[3] Bo Hi Pak, the chief aide of church founder and leader Sun Myung Moon, was the founding president and the founding chairman of the board.[4] Moon asked Richard L. Rubenstein, a rabbi and college professor who had written on the Holocaust, to serve on the board of directors.[5] The newspaper's first editor and publisher was James R. Whelan.
At the time of founding of the The Washington Times, Washington had only one major newspaper, the Washington Post. Massimo Introvigne, in his 2000 book The Unification Church, said that the Post had been "the most anti-Unificationist paper in the United States."[6] In 2002, at an event held to celebrate the Times's 20th anniversary, Moon said: "The Washington Times is responsible to let the American people know about God" and "The Washington Times will become the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world."[7]
The Times was founded the year after the Washington Star, the previous "second paper" of D.C., went out of business after operating for over a hundred years. A large percentage of the staff came from the Washington Star. When the Times began, it was unusual among American broadsheets in publishing a full color front page, along with full color front pages in all its sections and color elements throughout. Although USA Today used color in the same way, it took several years for The Washington Post, The New York Times, and others to do the same.
The Washington Times originally published its editorials and opinion columns in a physically separate Commentary section, rather than at the end of its front news section as is common practice in U.S. newspapers. It ran television commercials highlighting this fact. Later, this practice was abandoned (except on Sundays, when many other newspapers, including the Post, also do it). The Washington Times also used ink that it advertised as being less likely to come off on the reader's hands than the Post's. This design and its editorial content attracted "real influence" in Washington.[8]
Container bags of The Washington Times newspaper
Home delivery of the paper in its local area was made in bright orange plastic bags, with the words "Brighter. Bolder. The Washington Times" and a slogan that changes.
When the Times began it had 125 reporters, 25 percent of them Unification Church members.[9] In 1982 the Post criticized the Times for killing critic Scott Sublett's negative review of the movie Inchon, which was also sponsored by the Unification Church.[10]
A former speechwriter for President George W. Bush, David Frum, in his 2000 book How We Got Here: The '70s, wrote that Moon had granted the Times editorial independence.[8] But some former employees, including the newspaper's first editor and publisher, James R. Whelan, have insisted that the paper was under Moon's control from the beginning. Whelan, whose contract guaranteed editorial autonomy, left the paper when the owners refused to renew the contract, asserting that "I have blood on my hands" for helping Moon acquire legitimacy.[11] Three years later, editorial page editor William P. Cheshire and four of his staff resigned, charging that, at the explicit direction of Sang Kook Han, a top official of the Unification Church, then-editor Arnaud de Borchgrave had stifled editorial criticism of political repression in South Korea.[12]
De Borchgrave years
After a brief editorship under Smith Hempstone, Arnaud de Borchgrave, an American journalist with an extensive career with the United Press International and Newsweek was named executive editor on March 20, 1985.
During his tenure, de Borchgrave made The Times a must-read for conservatives in the nation's capital. He was credited with encouraging energetic reporting by staff. Most notably, de Borchgrave mounted a fund-raising drive for Nicaraguan rebels and helped obtain information leading to Nazi war criminals.[13]
U.S. President Ronald Reagan is said to have read The Washington Times every day during his presidency.[14] In 1997, he said:
The American people know the truth. You, my friends at The Washington Times, have told it to them. It wasn't always the popular thing to do. But you were a loud and powerful voice. Like me, you arrived in Washington at the beginning of the most momentous decade of the century. Together, we rolled up our sleeves and got to work. And—oh, yes—we won the Cold War.[15]
Wesley Pruden editorship
Wesley Pruden was named executive editor of the newspaper in 1992. Under the editorship of Pruden, the paper took a strongly conservative stance, one that led to controversy. [16] Under Pruden, The Washington Times was also noted for running a full page of stories on the American Civil War every Saturday, the only daily newspaper in the country to do so. Pruden called it "probably our single most popular feature," and noted that "There are more books published on the Civil War than on any other American topic." Pruden said that "the Civil War page has just as many stories about glorifying the Union as it does the Confederacy." Soon after Pruden retired as editor-in-chief, the Times announced that the Civil War page would be expanded to include coverage of all America's wars and would be renamed "America at War."[17]
In 1992 the New York Times reported the Washington Times had only one eighth the circulation of the Post (100,000 to 800,000) and that two thirds of its subscribers also subscribed to the Post.[18] In 1994 the Times introduced a weekly national edition. It was published in a tabloid format and distributed nationwide.[19]
In 1997 the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (which is critical of U.S. and Israeli policies), praised the Times (along with The Christian Science Monitor owned by the Church of Christ, Scientist), and the Washington Times sister publication The Middle East Times for what it called their objective and informative coverage of Islam and the Middle East, while criticizing the generally pro-Israel editorial policy of the Times. The Report suggested that these newspapers, being owned by churches, were less influenced by pro-Israel pressure groups in the United States.[20]
In 2002, The Washington Times published a story accusing the National Educational Association (NEA), the largest teachers union in the nation, of teaching students that the policies of the U.S. government were partly to blame for the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. This accusation was denied by the NEA and by liberal commentators.[21]
The Washington Times newsroom
In 2002 Washington Post veteran Ben Bradlee said, "I see them get some local stories that I think the Post doesn't have and should have had."[22] Dante Chinni wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review:
In addition to giving voice to stories that, as Pruden says, "others miss," the Times plays an important role in Washington's journalistic farm system. The paper has been a springboard for young reporters to jobs at The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, even the Post. Lorraine Woellert, who worked at the Times from 1992 to 1998, says her experience there allowed her to jump directly to her current job at Business Week. "I got a lot of opportunities very quickly. They appreciated and rewarded talent and, frankly, there was a lot of turnover."[23]
In his 2003 book Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them): A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right, comedian, author, and later Democratic senator Al Franken devoted a chapter to criticizing the Times after executive editor Wesley Pruden rewrote a reporter's story—without the reporter's knowledge—about Franken's performance at a White House party. According to Franken, the rewrite was made to appear as if Franken had received a negative reception, which he says was not the case.[24]
In 2004 the Washington Post reported dissension between some of the Times staff and ownership over the paper's stance on international issues, including support for the United Nations:
Insiders say the church's new line is that with the end of the Cold War, it's important to support international organizations such as the United Nations and to campaign for world peace and interfaith understanding. That stance would be awkward for the Times's hard-line editor in chief, Wesley Pruden, and its stable of neoconservative columnists.[25]
Post-Pruden years
In January 2008, editor in chief Wesley Pruden retired and John F. Solomon began work as executive editor of the Washington Times. Solomon was known for his work as an investigative journalist for the Associated Press and the Washington Post. Within a month, the paper changed some of its style guide to conform more to what was becoming mainstream media usage. The Washington Times announced that it would no longer use words like "illegal aliens" and "homosexual," and in most cases opt for "more neutral terminology" like "illegal immigrants" and "gay," respectively. The paper also decided to stop using "Hillary" when referring to Senator Hillary Clinton, and the word "marriage" in the expression "gay marriage" would no longer appear in quotes in the newspaper. These changes in policy drew criticism from some conservatives.[26] Prospect magazine attributed the Times apparent political moderation to differences of opinion over the United Nations and North Korea, and said: "The Republican right may be losing its most devoted media ally."[27] Also that year, the Times stopped publishing a Saturday print edition.
On November 30, 2009, after Sun Myung Moon's son, Hyun Jin Moon (also known as Preston), became chairman of paper's parent company, the New York Times reported that The Washington Times, would no longer be receiving funds from the Unification Church and might have to cease publication or go to online publication only.[28] In December 2009, the Times announced it would lay off 40 percent of its 370 employees and stop subscription service, instead distributing the paper free in some areas of Washington including branches of the government. The Times said that it would focus on its "core strengths," which it identified as "exclusive reporting and in-depth national political coverage, enterprise and investigative reporting, geo-strategic and national security news and cultural coverage based on traditional values."[29] On December 31, 2009, it announced that it would no longer be a full-service newspaper, eliminating its metropolitan-news and sports sections.[30]
In August 2010, a deal was made to sell the Times to a group more closely related to the church. Editor in chief Sam Dealey said that this was a welcome development among the Times staff.[31] In March 2011, the Times announced that some former staffers would be rehired and that the paper would bring back its sports, metro, and life sections.[32] In June 2011, Ed Kelley, formerly of The Oklahoman, was hired as editor overseeing both news and opinion content.[33]
In October 14, 2012, it was announced that Douglas D.M. Joo, a senior executive, president, and chairman of the Times and affiliated publications for more than two decades, was stepping down.[34] Times president Tom McDevitt took his place as chairman, and Larry Beasley, onetime senior executive at the St. Petersburg Times and the Los Angeles Daily News, had been hired as the company's new president and chief executive officer. Beasley announced a new strategy to reach profitability focusing on expanding digital publishing capabilities and growing a nationwide audience, while making it clear that the print publication would continue.[35]
In March 2013 it was announced that Herring Networks would work with the Washington Times to create a new cable news network that began broadcasting in mid‑2013. The new network was called One America News (OAN).[36][37] In July 2014, OAN relocated its news and production studios out of The Washington Times Building to its new location at 101 Constitution Avenue NW, just steps from the Capitol. The move ended OAN's relationship with The Washington Times.
In July 2013, former executive editor and investigative journalist John F. Solomon returned as editor, and to oversee the newspaper's content, digital, and business strategies. The Times also acquired the Washington Guardian, an online news portal created in 2012 by Solomon and former Associated Press executives Jim Williams and Brad Kalbfeld.[38] In October, the paper announced its new national digital edition specifically designed to work on smartphones and tablets. In addition to the Times' print and online content, the app offered additional content such as exclusive newsmaker interviews and a weekly column from conservative commentator Michelle Malkin.[39]
In 2015, the paper began hosting "US-Russia Crosstalk," a joint initiative between Times and the Center for the National Interest in the United States and the Kommersant newspaper and the Valdai Club in Russia, featuring foreign policy-related discussion regarding relations between the two countries.[40]
On November 16, 2015, the newspaper's website recorded nearly 4.3 million page views, 20 percent higher than the company's previous record. That same month, Christopher Dolan was named as executive editor.[41]
Issues regarding financial stability
On November 13, 2014, The Washington Times President and CEO Larry Beasley announced that it was on course to reach profitability.[42] Since January 2013, the newspaper had increased its revenue by one-third while decreasing expenses by 37 percent. Digital products including The Times website, online videos and email marketing campaigns played a significant role in the revenue increase. Daily print advertising revenues also increased by 58 percent. The Times became profitable in September 2015 after significantly increasing its digital audience, posting three straight months with over 40 million page views and 5 million video views, drawing on a national platform counting California, Texas, New York, Florida and Virginia as its five largest states of readership. CEO Beasley said, "I'm proud of our team for its determined effort to remake their company into a digital-first business that can sustain a print publication that still wields enormous clout inside the Beltway."[43]
The Washington Times had its first profitable month in 2015, after lack of profitability for 33 years.[43]
By 2002, about $1.7 billion had been spent by the Unification Church subsidizing the The Washington Times according to former employees.[7] In 2002, Columbia Journalism Review suggested Moon had spent nearly $2 billion on the Times.[23] In 2003, The New Yorker reported that a billion dollars had been spent since the paper's inception, as founder Sun Myung Moon himself had noted in a 1991 speech, "Literally nine hundred million to one billion dollars has been spent to activate and run the Washington Times."[44]
Times dispenser
The political leanings of The Washington Times are often described as conservative.[45][19] The Washington Post reported:
The Times was established by Moon to combat communism and be a conservative alternative to what he perceived as the liberal leanings of The Washington Post. Since then, the paper has fought to prove its editorial independence, trying to demonstrate that it is neither a "Moonie paper" nor a booster of the political right but rather a fair and balanced reporter of the news.[7]
Conservative commentator Paul Weyrich commented:
The Washington Post became very arrogant and they just decided that they would determine what was news and what wasn't news and they wouldn't cover a lot of things that went on. And the Washington Times has forced the Post to cover a lot of things that they wouldn't cover if the Times wasn't in existence.[46]
In 2007, Mother Jones said that the Washington Times had become "essential reading for political news junkies" soon after its founding, and described the paper as a "conservative newspaper with close ties to every Republican administration since Reagan."[47]
In 2009, The New York Times reported:
With its conservative editorial bent, the paper also became a crucial training ground for many rising conservative journalists and a must-read for those in the movement. A veritable who's who of conservatives—Tony Blankley, Frank J. Gaffney Jr., Larry Kudlow, John Podhoretz and Tony Snow—has churned out copy for its pages.[29]
↑ About Us Operations Holdings, Inc. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Subscribe The Washington Times. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Sun Myung Moon Paper Appears in Washington The New York Times, May 18, 1982. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Pak was founding president of the Washington Times Corporation (1982–1992), and founding chairman of the board. Bo Hi Pak, Appendix B: Brief Chronology of the Life of Dr. Bo Hi Pak, in Messiah: My Testimony to Rev. Sun Myung Moon, Vol I (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2000, ISBN 978-0761818151).
↑ "Rabbi Joins the Board of Moonie Newspaper", The Palm Beach Post, May 21, 1978.
↑ Massimo Introvigne, The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion (Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books, 2000, ISBN 978-15608514550), 25.
↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Frank Ahrens, Moon Speech Raises Old Ghosts as the Times Turns 20 The Washington Post, May 23, 2002. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ 8.0 8.1 David Frum, How We Got Here: The '70s (New York: Basic Books, 2000, ISBN 978-0465041954).
↑ Elisabeth Bumiller, The Nation's Capital Gets A New Daily Newspaper, The Washington Post, May 17, 1982. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Lois Romano, "Review is Killed," The Washington Post, September 18, 1982.
↑ Susan Rasky, Ex-Publisher Says Moon Church Ran Newspaper, The New York Times, July 23, 1984. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ "Five Resign from Washington Times," The Washington Post, April 15, 1987. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Sam Roberts, Arnaud de Borchgrave, Journalist Whose Life Was a Tale Itself, Dies at 88 The New York Times, February 16, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Fred Clarkson, Behind the Times: Who Pulls The Strings at Washington's No. 2 Daily? Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, August 1, 1987. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
↑ Joseph P. Faso, A Tale of Two Factions: The US Power Structure Since World War II (Independently published, 2020).
↑ Mariah Blake, The Washington Times takes a giant step—backwards Columbia Journalism Review, February 11, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Announcement The Washington Times, May 31, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Alex S. Jones, Washington Times Moves to Reinvent Itself, The New York Times, January 27, 1992. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ 19.0 19.1 William Glaberson, Conservative Daily Tries to Expand National Niche, The New York Times, June 27, 1994. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Richard H. Curtiss, As U.S. Media Ownership Shrinks, Who Covers Islam? Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, December 1997. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Cathy Young, An unfair attack on teachers union Boston Globe, September 2, 2002. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Scott Sherman, Washington 2002: Donald Graham's Washington Post Columbia Journalism Review, 2002. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ 23.0 23.1 Washington 2002: The Other Paper Columbia Journalism Review, 2002. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Al Franken, Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them): A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right (Plume, 2004, ISBN 978-0452285217).
↑ David Ignatius, Tension of the Times The Washington Post, June 18, 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Alex Koppelman, Washington Times updates style guide Salon, February 27, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ News and Curiosities, Prospect, September 24, 2006. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Ashley Parker, With Tumult at the Top, Washington Times Faces Uncertainty, The New York Times, November 30, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ 29.0 29.1 Ashley Parker, Large Staff Cuts Announced at the Washington Times, The New York Times, December 2, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Dan Daly, Eulogy for sports, The Washington Times, January 3, 2010. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Deal in Works for The Washington Times, The New York Times, August 25, 2010. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Keach Hagey, Washington Times relaunching Monday. Politico, March 16, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Jennifer Harper, Ed Kelley named new top editor at The Washington Times. The Washington Times, June 10, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ David R. Sands, Longtime Times executive Joo resigns, takes job in Korea The Washington Times, October 14, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ New Times CEO moves quickly to name leadership team, set path to profitability The Washington Times, October 16, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Jennifer Harper, The Washington Times extending reach with cable network The Washington Times, March 13, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ David Freedlander, One America News Network, New Conservative Cable Channel, Sets Launch Daily beast, March 14, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Solomon returns to lead content, business strategies at The Washington Times The Washington Times, July 8, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Times launches its National Digital Edition app The Washington Times, October 31, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ US-Russia Crosstalk The Washington Times. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Jennifer Harper, Chris Dolan named executive editor at The Washington Times The Washington Times, November 24, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Jennifer Harper, Turnaround! Washington Times poised to post first profit in 32-year history The Washington Times, November 13, 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ 43.0 43.1 Jennifer Harper, Washington Times reaches profitability after 33 years, $1 billion in losses Washington Times, October 14, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Sun Myung Moon, Our Mission During the Time of World Transition Belvedere, Tarrytown, NY, December 23, 1991. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Mimi Hall, Bush, aides boost access of conservative media USA Today, March 22, 2001. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ Frontline: The Resurrection Of Reverend Moon January 21, 1992. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
↑ James Ridgeway, Bush Sr. To Celebrate Rev. Sun Myung Moon—Again Mother Jones, April 29, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
Faso, Joseph P. A Tale of Two Factions: The US Power Structure Since World War II. Independently published, 2020. ASIN B08HG8YB7M
Franken, Al. Lies (And the Lying Liars Who Tell Them): A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right. Plume, 2004. ISBN 978-0452285217
Frum, David. How We Got Here: The 1970s: The Decade That Brought You Modern Life (for Better Or Worse). Basic Books, 2000. ISBN 978-0465041954
Gorenfeld, John. Bad Moon Rising: How Reverend Moon Created the Washington Times, Seduced the Religious Right, and Built an American Kingdom. Sausalito, CA: Polipoint Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0979482236
Introvigne, Massimo. The Unification Church: Studies in Contemporary Religion. Signature Books, 2000. ISBN 978-1560851455
Moon, Sun Myung. As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen. Washington DC: The Washington Times Foundation, 2010. ASIN B003OPC5G0
Pak, Bo Hi. Messiah: My Testimony to Rev. Sun Myung Moon, Vol. 1. University Press of America, 2000. ISBN 978-0761818151
Pruden, Wesley. Fear and Loathing on the Potomac Second Annual Distinguished Journalist Lecture, The Heritage Foundation, August 15, 2002. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
All links retrieved December 28, 2021.
Washington Times Media Bias Fact Check
Company Overview of The Washington Times, LLC Bloomberg
The_Washington_Times history
History of "Washington Times"
Retrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Washington_Times&oldid=1062049
Media Organizations


curl -d \ "accountType=HOSTED_OR_GOOGLE&Email=johndoe@gmail. com&Passwd=north23AZ&service=ac2dm" \ https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin | \ grep AuthIf your request fails or if you are prompted for captchas, please read ClientLogin for Installed Applications. And of course, if you updated your code to use the Update-Client-Auth header after the keys had expired, then you will first need to manually generate a new token.


We are annoincing the 17th Festival of the Third Age which only last year was visited by more than 18,000 visitors in three days.
This time we're organizing the biggest festival for the elderly in this part of Europe from September 26 till 28 at the Cankarjev dom in Ljubljana.
Stay with us because very soon we will publish all important information about the fair!
Join the many collaborators and exhibitors of the Festival of the Third Age from 28 to 30 September 2016 in Cankarjev dom Cultural and Congress Centre in Ljubljana to build a successful and cohesive long-living society, friendly to all generations, together with us!
You can present your offer of information, products or services for the elderly, for active ageing and for intergenerational collaboration and solidarity to more than 15,000 visitors of the Festival.
Early-bird application deadline with special discounts: 15 April 2016.
Soon we will publish the Invitation to Participate so stay with us!


Bingeclock, how long does it take to watch every episode of Atlantis?
How long does it take to watch every episode of Atlantis?
Sign in to add this to your watch list Sign in to add this to your seen list Cut out all those commercials! Cut out the commercials plus the opening and the closing credits! Plan it! When will you finish Atlantis if you watch it this many hours per day?


Think you have what it takes to compete against the top World of Tanks players in North America?
The WGLNA has opened up qualifiers for the upcoming season, and the top two teams in the qualifying tournament will advance to play in WGLNA Season 2 2015-2016.
The qualifiers will also be our first chance to see the new tier X format in action, as the league now consists of lineups of 7/68 with no more than two of each tank model. Sign up to see if you have the skills to win your way into Wargaming's elite professional league.
Registration is Open Now and closes November 5.
The Opening Group Stage takes place on the Himmelsdorf map Saturday, November 7 at 16:00 PT (19:00 ET).
For the full list of rules and the schedule, click on the Official Tournament Page.


Whether you're planning a rehearsal dinner, holiday get-together, social celebration, cocktail reception or corporate event, Capri offers an intimate gathering and dining space for a personalized and perfect celebration for up to 40 guests. Enjoy sumptuous selections from the Capri menu, complemented by fine wine and cocktails.
Cozy, attractive, charming. Seats up to 28 guests. This intimate, private space in the rear of Capri is the perfect setting for a social, family or corporate dinner or celebration.
Spacious, inviting, elegant. Seats up to 40 guests. This open yet private dining room in the front of Capri offers great space for cocktail receptions or dinner events for up to 40 guests.


Enjoy the Rollercoaster experience of MONOPOLY in just 20 minutes! Collect three property sets to win! Get the free Shuffle app to double the fun: tap for game-changing Chance cards on every turn!
Choose you favourite playing piece with the Free Shuffle App which adds chance cards to the game and also for quick start videos for iOS Devices.


Download page for Gladiator Begins (USA). Gladiator Begins is developed by GOSHOW for the PSP and is a prequel to Colosseum: Road to Freedom. Create. Direct Download PC Game Supreme Commander Forged Alliance English for . For Speed Hot Pursuit MULTI5 · Kentoushi Gladiator Begins Idioma: English Begin your next Yu-Gi-Oh! adventure by entering one of the three dorms, Ra Yellow, Kentoushi Gladiator Begins JAP DEMO - japanese. 5 апр 2017 Лучшие видеоблоги о путешествиях на английском языке. Здесь ты And So the Adventure Begins, или Отправляемся в путешествие.
_S ULUS-10528. _G Gladiator Begins _C0 Unlock shops. _L 0xE001FFDE 0x00167370. _L 0x20167370 0x00000000. _C0 Unlock shops. Download page for Gladiator Begins (Europe). Gladiator Begins is developed by GOSHOW for the PSP and is a prequel to Colosseum: Road to Freedom. (1) GamesTorrentHD.com Call-of-Juarez-Bound-in-Blood-PS3.torrent - 0 Bytes Call Of Juarez English Kentoushi Gladiator Begins JAP DEMO Kentoushi.


Please send us your best creative writing; it can be on any theme, but make sure it is your original work.
Your work should be based on reality or fiction, an aspiration, about you, your family, friends or people you don't know.
Please note your entry will be rejected if it does not follow the entry rules. You need to send us a separate statement detailing your inspiration for what you have written, and why you feel it is important to write about it.
The judges recommend you ask someone to read through your work, and check your grammar and spelling as you may be marked down for errors.


mattwerk will also gladly complete a harmonious colour concept for you.
Even if you already have an idea, you will find valuable inspiration in our gallery. The options are limitless. Immerse yourself in our fascinating world of colours. And then tell us what you want.


From individual workstations to major manufacturing lines, The Christopher Group evaluates your organization's approach to safety. We assess equipment and procedures, and recommend changes to keep you in compliance with OSHA regulations. By working with your supervisors and employees, we develop realistic solutions to maximize safety and productivity.


text:
Poetry and Literature Calendar for Aug. 7-13
By Staff|Published Sun, Aug 7, 2016
Thursday, 7 p.m.: Reading, discussion and book signing with journalist Dan Zak and sociologist Lindsey Freeman. Zak, a Buffalo native and Washington Post features reporter is the author of "Almighty: Courage, Resistance, and Existential Peril in the Nuclear Age" (Blue Rider Press, 2016), a meticulously researched and well-paced account of a 2012 activist incident at the Y-12 National Security Complex at Oak Ridge, Tenn. ("the Fort Knox of Uranium"). Freeman is an assistant professor at SUNY Buffalo State and author of "Longing for the Bomb: Oak Ridge and Atomic Nostalgia" (University of North Carolina Press, 2015), both a poetic and scholarly look at the history of the community of Oak Ridge, where her grandparents worked and where she spent time as a child, its place in U.S. history, the popular culture surrounding the development of the Manhattan Project, and the legacy of American nuclear weaponry in the 21st century. Talking Leaves Books, 3158 Main St.
Saturday, 7 p.m.: Silo City Reading Series featuring poets Ocean Vuong and Sherry Robbins, music by Space Cubs (musician/producer Suzanne Bonifacio), and an audio-visual installation by Projex (media artist Keith Harrington). Vuong, who was born in Saigon, Vietnam, and now lives in New York City, is the author of the much-praised, first full-length collection "Night Sky With Exit Wounds" (Copper Canyon Press, 2016) and the chapbooks: "No" (YesYes Books, 2013) and "Burnings" (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2010). A 2016 Whiting Award winner, and a 2014 Ruth Lilly fellow, he has received honors and awards from Poets House, the Elizabeth George Foundation, the Civitella Ranieri Foundation, the Saltonstall Foundation for the Arts, the Academy of American Poets (which awarded him the 2012 Stanley Kunitz Prize for Younger Poets), and a 2014 Pushcart Prize. Robbins, the New York State Teaching Artist of the Year in 2005, and a Just Buffalo Literary Center Legacy Award winner in 2012, has a master's degree in the poetics of ecstasy and is the author of two collections of poetry, "Snapshots of Paradise" (1982) and "or, the Whale" (BlazeVox Books, 2010), which closely follows the ideas and structure of Melville's "Moby Dick" from a feminist perspective. She ran her own letterpress for years, is a certified yoga teacher and a multiyear panelist for the NEA's Art Works program. Marine A Elevator, Silo City Row, Ohio and Childs streets.


text:
Nelson Mandela University
NMU Archives and Exhibition Centre
Rhodes University
Rhodes University Cory
Rhodes University ILAM
Rhodes University SAIAB
University of Fort Hare
Walter Sisulu University
Showing items 1 - 20 of 45
Dowse, Roslind
8Ehlers, Martina S 4Browne, Sara H 4Haigh, John M 4Kanfer, Isadore 4Mansoor, Leila E 3Barford, Kirsty-Lee 3Okeyo, Ida L A 3Ramela, Thato 2Marimwe, Chipiwa 2Mwingira, Betty 2Walker, Roderick B 2Webster, Jessica A 1Ashorn, Mikael 1Awaisu, Ahmed 1Bellamy, Kim 1Chiwanza, Farisai 1Cluver, Lucie 1El Badawi, Aya 1Futter, William T
2To be catalogued 1Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Phenylpropanolamine Pharmacology High performance liquid chromatography
34text 33article 10Article 1Doctoral 1PhD 1Thesis 1book
CDDate
42003 42006 42019 32004 32007 32009 32014 32018 32020 21983 21998 22010 22011 22013 22016 2June 2020 2October 2014 11982 11984 11987
An illustrated booklet for reinforcing community health worker knowledge of tuberculosis and facilitating patient counselling:
- Okeyo, Ida L A, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156629 , vital:40032 , https://phcfm.org/index.php/phcfm/article/view/1687/2559
Description: Community health workers (CHWs) have facilitated the move to decentralize tuberculosis (TB) management, but lack access to information appropriate both for personal use and in patient interaction and education. To explore the impact of a pictorial-based TB booklet on reinforcing CHW knowledge and facilitating patient counselling.
Written medicines information for South African HIV/AIDS patients: does it enhance understanding of co-trimoxazole therapy?
- Mansoor, Leila E, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Mansoor, Leila E , Dowse, Roslind
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156860 , vital:40059 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1093/her/cyl039
Description: Written information to promote patient education is being increasingly recognized as an integral part of quality health care. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of distributing a patient information leaflet (PIL) on knowledge acquisition and recall. Two different PILs were designed for co-trimoxazole tablets: a simple, shorter PIL that incorporated pictograms and text and a text-only PIL that was longer and more complex. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive participants on chronic co-trimoxazole therapy were enrolled from five local primary health care clinics in Grahamstown, South Africa, and were randomly allocated to a Control Group (no PIL), Group A (text-only PIL) or Group B (simple PIL with pictograms).
Cognitive pharmaceutical services and the community pharmacist: are South African patients receiving them and are they willing to pay?
- Hill, Peter W, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Hill, Peter W , Dowse, Roslind
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156829 , vital:40054 , DOI 10.1211/ijpp.15.2.0007
Description: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the opinions of randomly selected South African medical aid members regarding the provision by community pharmacists of patient counselling and information; member satisfaction with pharmacist services; their rating of pharmacist accessibility; and if pharmacists should be reimbursed for providing cognitive pharmaceutical services. Setting A South African private healthcare insurance company.
Reflecting on patient-centred care in pharmacy through an illness narrative:
- Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Dowse, Roslind
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156687 , vital:40038 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1007/s11096-015-0104-5
Description: Patient-centred care (PCC) is rapidly adopting a central position in discussions on the quality of healthcare, with patient-centredness deemed essential to transforming the healthcare system. PCC speaks to the quality of patient-provider relationships and has been defined as an approach to providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, while ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. However its place within pharmacy practice is unclear and is as yet undefined, particularly in relation to pharmaceutical care. Through my personal illness narrative, I briefly explore the visibility and evidence of PCC in the pharmacy literature as well as from personal experience of pharmacy care, and find it lacking. I conclude that an integrated, seamless understanding of PCC and the use of shared language within the health professions is essential in successful teamwork with both the patient and with other health professions.
Design and evaluation of a new pharmaceutical pictogram sequence to convey medicine usage
Identifier: vital:6402 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006338
Description: Pictorials may be used to augment textual instructions in the depiction of safety and warning information on medicines. The objective of this study was to design, develop and evaluate a simple and culturally appropriate pictogram sequence for using nystatin suspension, and to assess its understandability in low-literate Xhosa participants. A new pharmaceutical pictogram sequence was designed through focus group discussions and evaluated in a 2-phase process. The results of Phase 1 (30 participants) identified various problems associated with the new pictogram sequence. It was modified accordingly and re-evaluated in Phase 2 with 20 participants. All participants belonged to the Xhosa group, had between 0 and 7 years of formal schooling and had English as their second language. Acceptance of the new pictogram sequence was based on international standards (ANSI and ISO criterion) for evaluating the comprehensibility of pictograms. In Phase 1, the new pictogram sequence was correctly interpreted by 66.7% of the participants and this complied with the ISO criterion of 67% correct. In Phase 2, 95% of the participants were able to correctly interpret the new pictogram sequence. This result complied with the ANSI criterion of 85% correct, therefore, this new pictogram sequence was considered to be acceptable. This study has illustrated the success of using a consultative approach in the design of new pictograms.
Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride
- Kanfer, Isadore, Haigh, John M, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Kanfer, Isadore , Haigh, John M , Dowse, Roslind
Description: Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride belongs to the sympathomimetic amine class of drugs and is structurally related to ephedrine hydrochloride. Its synthesis was first reported in 1910 and the first American patent was registered in 1939. The effects of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride are largely the result of alpha-adrenergic agonist activity resulting from both direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors and release of neuronal norepinephrine. The principal adverse effect of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is dose-related hypertension and ventricular arrhythmia has been described. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is widely used as a decongestant and it has been used as an anorectic agent for over 40 years. A report in 1939 described its effect as an hypertensive agent when administered parenterally.
Acceptance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in a semi-rural population in South Africa:
- Chiwanza, Farisai, Irwin, Yoland, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Chiwanza, Farisai , Irwin, Yoland , Dowse, Roslind
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/157072 , vital:40084 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v25i0.1336
Description: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a valuable tool that helps in providing an insight into the diagnosis and management of hypertension; however, no evidence exists of its acceptance in the diverse South African population. We assessed the acceptance of an ambulatory blood pressure monitor in patients attending public sector primary health care (PHC) clinics. Five PHC clinics in the Makana subdistrict in the Eastern Cape.
Pictograms in pharmacy:
- Dowse, Roslind, Ehlers, Martina S
Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Ehlers, Martina S
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/157048 , vital:40082 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/j.2042-7174.1998.tb00924.x
Description: This review examines the use of pictograms in health care. Well designed pictograms are simple, clear, graphic symbols able to convey their intended meaning to all patients, including those who are illiterate, elderly or visually impaired. Although some research on the effectiveness of pictograms has not supported the hypothesis that pictograms are beneficial for the acquisition and comprehension of information, most studies investigating health‐related applications of pictograms have shown them to be of benefit in the comprehension and recall of instructions on prescription and over‐the‐counter medicines. However, the success of pictograms as a communication aid in pharmacy depends first on a rigorous design process, followed by well‐designed, randomised, controlled trials using an appropriate method of evaluation. The final stage is to investigate the optimal way of using pictograms in practice and to assess their effect on behavioural outcomes, such as compliance.
Designing and reporting pictogram research: problems, pitfalls and lessons learnt
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/157083 , vital:40085 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.013
Description: Research describing the design, evaluation or use of pictograms for various health-related applications is receiving increasing attention in the literature. However, recent reviews of this body of literature have commented adversely on the overall quality of the research, highlighting problems with the pictogram design process, as well as calling for improvement in both the methodology and reporting of all aspects of designing, developing, modifying, evaluating and applying pictograms in practice. The heterogeneity in study design, as well as in the interventions and outcomes measured, prevents overall conclusions being drawn about the effectiveness of pictograms on comprehension and medicine-taking behaviour such as adherence and self-care. The reporting of such research should provide adequate detail to enable reproducibility and replicability of the research. This article offers guidance in designing and reporting pictogram-based research, highlighting areas that are often problematic or inadequately addressed.
Comprehension and acceptability of a patient information leaflet (PIL) for antiretroviral therapy:
- Mwingira, Betty, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Mwingira, Betty , Dowse, Roslind
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156902 , vital:40065 , https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v11i3.236
Description: The patient information leaflet (PIL) is recognised as playing a key role in informing patients about their medicines. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the readability and understanding of a PIL for the first-line ARV (antiretroviral) regimen available in the South African public health sector, and investigate its acceptability in the target Xhosa population. The study took place between August 2003 and July 2004. A PIL was designed for the antiretroviral regimen of stavudine, lamivudine and efavirenz, using established usability guidelines. South African legal requirements concerning PILs were incorporated and the PILs were available in both English and isiXhosa.
Community care worker perceptions of their roles in tuberculosis care and their information needs:
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156596 , vital:40029 , DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v21i0.962
Description: Community care workers (CCWs) inhabit a central role in the management of tuberculosis (TB) patients in South Africa. CCWs attend training courses, but training is not standardised at either the national or provincial level. To explore perceptions of CCWs of their role in TB care and TB information needs.
The evaluation of pharmaceutical pictograms in a low-literate South African population
Description: An inability to read and understand written medication instructions may be a major contributory factor to non-compliance in certain patient populations, particularly in countries with a high illiteracy rate such as South Africa. Twenty three pictograms from the USP-DI and a corresponding set of 23 locally developed, culturally sensitive pictograms for conveying medication instructions were evaluated in 46 Xhosa respondents who had attended school for a maximum of 7 years. Respondents were tested for their interpretation of all 46 pictograms at the first interview and again 3 weeks later. The correct meaning of each pictogram was explained at the end of the first interview. Preference for either the Local or USP pictograms was determined. At the follow-up interview, 20 of the Local pictograms complied with the ANSI criterion of ≥85% comprehension, compared with 11 of the USP pictograms. Respondents indicated an overwhelming preference for the Local pictograms.
Medicine labels incorporating pictograms: do they influence understanding and adherence?
Description: The objective was to determine the influence of medicine labels incorporating pictograms on the understanding of instructions and on adherence. Eighty-seven Xhosa participants attending an outpatient clinic who had been prescribed a short course of antibiotics were randomly allocated to either a control group (41 participants given text-only labels), or an experimental group (46 participants given text + pictogram labels). All participants had a maximum of 10 years of formal schooling. Follow-up home visits were conducted after 3–5 days to assess understanding of instructions and to evaluate adherence. A high adherence of greater than 90% was found for 54% of the experimental group, compared with only 2% of the control group. Average percentages for understanding in the control and experimental groups were 70 and 95%, respectively, and average adherence was 72 and 90%, respectively. The presence of pictograms was found to contribute positively to both understanding of instructions and adherence.
Health literacy test for limited literacy populations (HELT-LL): validation in South Africa
- Marimwe, Chipiwa, Dowse, Roslind
Authors: Marimwe, Chipiwa , Dowse, Roslind
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156652 , vital:40035 , https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2019.1650417
Description: The majority of health literacy measures emanate from high-income countries and are inappropriate for use in limited literacy individuals who are usually excluded from participation in health literacy studies. There is currently no appropriate health literacy measure for the educationally diverse South African population. This study, which reports the validation of the Health Literacy Test for Limited Literacy individuals (HELT-LL), was conducted in primary health-care clinics with 210 isiXhosa-speaking patients with a maximum of 12 years of schooling. The HELT-LL has varied cognitive demands, assesses functional literacy skills as well as local burden of disease knowledge, and also includes self-reported questions.
Pictograms for conveying medicine instructions: comprehension in various South African language groups
Description: The comprehension of medicine instructions is essential for the safe and effective use of medicines. In cases where low literacy constitutes a possible barrier to understanding written medicine information fully, the inclusion of pictograms may facilitate comprehension. Twenty-three internationally available pictograms and 23 corresponding locally developed images were evaluated in 304 low-literate respondents from eight different South African language groups. Demographic data were collected and an English literacy test was administered to those respondents who had stated that they could read English. Interviewees were shown the 46 pictograms in random order and were asked for their interpretation. Preference for either the international or local version was assessed. Correct interpretation of individual pictograms ranged from 14% to 97%. Images which had been developed locally were more successful in eliciting correct interpretations than those obtained from an international source (USP pictograms). Only 2 of the 23 USP pictograms achieved the 85% criterion of the American National Standards Institute compared with 12 of 23 locally developed counterparts. Local pictograms were preferred over the American ones in all cases. Standard of education had a significant influence on interpretation, whereas no significant differences in interpretation could be attributed to cultural diversity between the African language groups. Almost all respondents (98%) reacted positively to the idea of having pictograms on their medicine labels. The success of the local pictograms highlighted the value of a rigorous and consultative design and test process. Results from one African language group can reliably be extrapolated to other groups in South Africa.
Simple, illustrated medicines information improves ARV knowledge and patient self-efficacy in limited literacy South African HIV patients:
- Dowse, Roslind, Barford, Kirsty-Lee, Browne, Sara H
Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Barford, Kirsty-Lee , Browne, Sara H
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156698 , vital:40039 , DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.931559
Description: Few studies have investigated antiretroviral (ARV) knowledge and self-efficacy in limited literacy patients. Using a randomized controlled study design, we investigated the influence of a simple pre-tested patient information leaflet (PIL) containing both text and illustrations on HIV- and ARV-related knowledge and on self-efficacy over six months in a limited literacy African population. The recruited patients were randomly allocated to either control (standard care) or intervention group (standard care plus illustrated PIL). HIV and medicines-related knowledge was evaluated with a 22-question test at baseline, one, three, and six months. Self-efficacy was assessed using a modified version of the HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale.
Development of an item bank of health literacy questions appropriate for limited literacy public sector patients in South Africa:
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156618 , vital:40031 , https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2017.1380577
Description: The majority of current health literacy measures emanate from high-income countries. In South Africa, there is no appropriate measure available for use by the diverse public sector population, many of whom have some literacy limitations. The objective was to develop a bank of questions for this population informed by a broader definition of health literacy, which acknowledges both traditional cognitive skills and explores the influence of the collective social environment on health literacy. Thirty questions for the Item Bank were developed to ensure cultural, contextual and educational appropriateness, and were continuously subjected to critical review by an expert consultant panel. Patients (n = 120) were recruited from a local primary care clinic and individually interviewed with the assistance of an interpreter to collect data on the Item Bank, Multidimensional Screener of Functional Health Literacy (MSFHL) and sociodemographics.
An illustrated leaflet containing antiretroviral information targeted for low-literate readers: development and evaluation
- Dowse, Roslind, Ramela, Thato, Browne, Sara H
Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Ramela, Thato , Browne, Sara H
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156731 , vital:40043 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.013
Description: To apply a dual visual/textual modal approach in developing and evaluating a medicine information leaflet with pictograms suitable for low-literate HIV/AIDS patients. To identify and recommend best practices in this type of information design.
Biopharmaceutics of phenylpropanolamine
Subjects: Biopharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Phenylpropanolamine Pharmacology High performance liquid chromatography
Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
Description: Phenylpropanolamine (PPA), a sympathomimetic amine, has been widely used over the past 40 years as a decongestant and, in much larger dosages, as an appetite suppressant. Considerable interest has recently been shown in this drug due to its increasing popularity as an over-the-counter anorectic agent. Much controversy exists concerning the unfavourable side-effects of PPA resulting from the higher doses required for appetite suppression and the potential of this drug for abuse. A literature search revealed a paucity of information concerning the determination of PPA in biological fluids and, most noticeably, on the pharmacokinetics of this drug. An original method for determining PPA in serum and urine using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which has increased sensitivity over other published HPLC methods is presented here. The simplicity of the extraction from biological fluids and subsequent determination by HPLC, enables concentrations of PPA to be monitored after a single dose of the drug. This method is therefore readily applicable to bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. The dissolution profiles of 4 sustained-release formulations of PPA were determined in a modified USP rotating paddle apparatus and the samples analysed using HPLC. A mathematical equation was applied to these data which are expressed in terms of dissolution parameters. Oral test dosage forms and solutions of PPA were investigated in bioavailability trials using the developed HPLC method to analyse the urine and serum samples. Linear one body compartment kinetics were assumed and the WagnerNelson method used to transform in vivo serum data to absorption plots which were then fitted to the well known Weibull equation. In order to more appropriately characterize the kinetic processes of absorption, distribution and elimination, a more complex model was utilized which involved numerical integration of a series of differential equations. The data were fitted to these models using nonlinear regression techniques. The pharmacokinetics of PPA are shown to exhibit some evidence of nonlinearity. The absorption of the drug appears to be di scontinuous and PPA seems to favour a two body compartment model.


text:
Порт Порі () — комплекс із трьох гаваней. На березі Ботнічної затоки в Порі, Фінляндія. Адміністрація порту Порі була заснована в 1780 році. Сьогодні Порт Порі є корпорацією, що належить місту.

Порт Порі має лінійне сполучення з кількома портами Північної Європи, наприклад Гамбургом, Гентом, Санкт-Петербургом і Тіспортом.

Мянтилуото
Гавань Мянтилуото має доки для контейнерних перевезень і насипних вантажів. Вантажопідйомність крана до 200 тонн. 200-тонний кран Masa є найпотужнішим у фінських портах. Максимально дозволена осадка в Мянтилуото становить 12 м.

Тахколуото
Насипна гавань Тахколуото має осадку 15,3 м, що дозволяє отримати доступ для великих суден.  В окремому районі працює нафтохімічна гавань.

Примітки

Посилання

 Домашня сторінка порту Порі

Порти Фінляндії


text:
Crowd chants 'you lie' at Joe Wilson's town hall: report
By Max Greenwood - 04/11/17 11:21 AM EDT
Rep. Joe Wilson Addison (Joe) Graves Wilson75 years after D-Day: Service over self Valerie Plame to run for Congress in New Mexico Pollster says younger lawmakers more likely to respond to State of the Union on social media MORE (R-S.C.) had his own words turned against him at a town hall meeting, when constituents began shouting "you lie" in response to his comments about healthcare reform, according to a local television station.
The South Carolina Republican, who made headlines in 2009 for shouting "you lie" at then-President Barack Obama Barack Hussein ObamaMedia cried wolf: Calling every Republican a racist lost its bite Rubio criticizes reporters, Democrat for racism accusations against McCain Health care moves to center stage in Democratic primary fight MORE during an address to a joint session of Congress, drew jeers and heckles at a town hall in his home district while discussing healthcare, WRDW-TV reported.
Wilson had planned to vote in favor of the American Health Care Act — the GOP plan to repeal and replace ObamaCare — last month, before Speaker Paul Ryan Paul Davis RyanTrump quietly rolled back programs to detect, combat weapons of mass destruction: report Ocasio-Cortez top aide emerges as lightning rod amid Democratic feud Juan Williams: GOP in a panic over Mueller MORE (R-Wis.) pulled the measure amid dwindling support from Republicans.
Republican lawmakers are working once again on a plan to dismantle and replace Obama's signature healthcare law.
Wilson reportedly told the crowd on Monday he is working with Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price on a new proposal.
"By having the ability of buying insurance across state lines, association health plans and by increasing the ability of health savings accounts, we would provide choice that ObamaCare simply has not presented," he said. "And it wouldn't impact employment, it would give them more choice as well."
Tags Barack Obama Joe Wilson Paul Ryan ACA AHCA