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Permanente Quarry
Aerial view of Permanente Quarry (Kaiser Permanente Cement Plant) in Santa Clara County, California, with background view of the South Bay and Mount Diablo
Waste quarry material piled over natural "Permanente Ridge" is visible from much of the South Bay.
A view of Lehigh Southwest Cement's Permanente Quarry looking north from the summit of Black Mountain across the quarry and over Silicon Valley
The Permanente Quarry is a limestone quarry in an unincorporated area of Santa Clara County, California, just west of Cupertino, California.[1] The quarry is a limestone and aggregate mining operation and cement plant, owned by Lehigh Southwest Cement, a subsidiary of Heidelberg Cement. Since 1939 the plant has been in operation and is responsible for the production of more than half of the cement used in the Bay Area. Roughly 70 percent of the cement used in the communities of Santa Clara county is acquired from the cement plant.[2]
Located in the foothills above Cupertino on the northeast slopes of Black Mountain, the quarry runs east-west parallel to the upper watershed of Permanente Creek to the south and to Permanente Ridge and Rancho San Antonio Open Space Preserve to the north.
The limestone rock found in the Permanente Creek valley and on the summit of Black Mountain is relatively unique in the Bay Area. Microfossils in the limestone deposits suggest that the mountain originated as a seamount at 22 degrees north in the tropical Pacific about 100 million years ago and was transported to Los Altos by the Pacific Plate.[3][4][5] These rocks occur as jagged gray boulders and outcrops just southwest of the radio towers on the summit of Black Mountain, as well as in the Permanente Quarry.
1.1 Economic problems and bankruptcy
2 Pollution
2.1 Mercury emissions
2.2 Selenium discharge
2.3 Sediment discharges
3 Opposition
3.1 Workplace violence
The quarry was founded by Henry J. Kaiser as the Kaiser Permanente Cement Plant in 1939, taking the name of the business from the Permanente Creek in whose valley it lies. Kaiser intended to use the quarry to provide the majority of the cement used in the construction of the Shasta Dam, supplying the 6 million barrels (950,000 m3) of cement .[6] Additionally, Kaiser Cement Company built Highway 101, Highway 85 and other major Northern California landmarks from the quarry.[7] The cement plant is the primary reason for the lone railroad line that runs through the city. Hanson Cement acquired Kaiser Cement for $200 million in 1986.[8] The cement company was renamed Hanson Permanente Cement in 1999.[9] At the time of sale, Kaiser Cement was the 5th largest producer of cement in the entire United States.[10]
Economic problems and bankruptcy[edit]
Hanson Permanente Cement filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy with the US Bankruptcy Court in 2016. The bankruptcy is related to more than 14,000 injury lawsuits.[11] The previous year Hanson Permanente Cement was ordered to spend $5 million to install an advanced wastewater treatment plant along with $2.55 million in civil penalties.[12]
Pollution[edit]
Mercury emissions[edit]
The cement plant at the quarry has been fueled by petroleum coke since 2007, the latter (along with the limestone itself) is a major source of mercury emissions. The cement plant is responsible for 29 percent of total Bay Area airborne mercury emissions and was shown to impact a rural site, Calero Reservoir, 20 miles (32 km) away.[13] Mercury, a neurotoxin and pollutant which is concentrated in the aquatic food web, was found to be 5.8 to 6.7 times higher in precipitation near the cement plant than at a control location 2.0 miles (3.2 km) away.[14]
Selenium discharge[edit]
Groundwater fills the current quarry and is pumped into Permanente Creek. Selenium pollution in the creek downstream from the quarry ranged from 13 to 81 micrograms/liter (μg/L). A North Quarry water sample in January 2010 had a dissolved selenium concentration of 82 μg/L, indicating that the quarry is the source of the selenium pollution. Selenium is bioaccumulated in the aquatic food web.[15] Safety standards for selenium concentrations in fresh water are 5 μg/L under the California Toxics Rule (same as the National Toxics Rule set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 2000 and 2012.[16]
Sediment discharges[edit]
Anthropization related to quarry operations and the cement plant have resulted in sediment discharges into Permanente Creek that are 3.5 times what would be expected under normal conditions.[17] Sediment loads in the upper Permanente Creek mainstem are 15 times those in the West Fork Permanente Creek, which drains mostly parkland. These sediment loads could threaten the resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population in the creek.[18]
Opposition[edit]
Under the terms of a 1985 reclamation plan, the quarry was not supposed to dump quarry waste materials more than 100 feet higher than the natural chaparral ridge known as Permanente Ridge. This waste material storage area, or WMSA, was piled on and above the Permanente Ridge and this brownish-gray scar is visible from much of the southern Bay Area – despite claims from the 2004 owner, Hanson Cement, that it was hydroseeded annually with native grass mix and that they planted 80% of the area in trees and shrubs, it remains (see photo inset) a barren zone, degrading the aesthetic value of the adjacent Rancho San Antonio Open Space Preserve.[19] This barren ridge line, referred to by Lehigh Southwest as the West Materials Storage Area (WMSA) is visible to much of the Silicon Valley.
On December 19, 2011, the Sierra Club sued Lehigh Southwest Cement Company[20] and Heidelberg Cement in federal court to stop its unpermitted discharges of selenium and other toxic water pollutants into Permanente Creek. The Sierra Club maintains that Lehigh has been polluting Permanente Creek in violation of the clean water act for years. Lehigh's own water quality analyses have demonstrated that quarry pit wastewater that Lehigh discharges into the creek has been 16 times higher than Clean Water Act stream standards. The pollution is especially harmful to aquatic life in downstream areas such as Rancho San Antonio County Park, where selenium concentrations are often more than five times more dangerous than state and federal standards allow.
On June 7, 2012, the County of Santa Clara Board of Supervisors approved amendments to the 1985 Permanente Quarry Reclamation Plan for Lehigh Southwest Cement Company, including approval of a new waste material storage area (EMSA) at the east end of the quarry. The newly approved Reclamation Plan has 89 conditions (significantly more than the 73 conditions in the 1985 Amendment), and calls for higher performance standards for re-vegetation of all disturbed areas, minimizing selenium runoff and an increased level of reporting and monitoring. The Board also ratified the Final Environmental Impact Report in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act.[21]
In December 2012 the Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District filed a lawsuit against Santa Clara County, challenging the reclamation plan for Lehigh Southwest Cement's Permanente Quarry near Cupertino, saying its environmental impact report failed to analyze and mitigate the project's impacts on air quality, hazardous materials, recreation, groundwater and endangered species.[22]
Workplace violence[edit]
On October 5, 2011, the Lehigh Southwest Cement plant was the site of a shooting committed by a disgruntled employee, 47-year-old Shareef Allman. During a safety meeting at 4:00 a.m., Allman opened fire with a .223-caliber semiautomatic rifle and a .40-caliber handgun, killing three coworkers and wounding six others.
HeidelbergCement
^ "Permanente Quarry". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
^ Cupertino cement quarry to pay $7.5 million to settle water pollution violations – The Mercury News
^ Weintraub, David (2003). Peninsula Trails and Tales. Portland, OR: Graphic Arts Books. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-55868-850-6.
^ Sloan, Doris (2006). Geology of the San Francisco Bay Region. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-520-23629-5.
^ John A. Tarduno, Michael McWilliams, Michel G. Debiche, William V. Sliter, M. C. Blake (1985). "Franciscan Complex Calera limestones: accreted remnants of Farallon Plate oceanic plateaus" (PDF). Nature. 317 (6035): 345–347. doi:10.1038/317345a0. Retrieved 2012-08-23. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Shasta Dam – Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Frequently Asked Questions – City of Cupertino
^ Kaiser Cement OKs Bid by Unit of Hanson Trust : Competitor, Lone Star, Will Sell Some Holdings to Another British Firm – LA Times
^ – Hanson to Acquire Kaiser Cement – New York Times
^ Hanson Permanente Cement files for bankruptcy – Global Cement
^ Sarah E. Rothenberg, Lester McKee, Alicia Gilbreath, Donald Yee, Mike Connor, Xuewu Fu (March 2010). "Evidence for short-range transport of atmospheric mercury to a rural, inland site". Atmospheric Environment. 44 (10): 1263–1273. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.032. Retrieved 2012-12-15. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Sarah E. Rothenberg, Lester McKee, Alicia Gilbreath, Donald Yee, Mike Connor, Xuewu Fu (March 2010). "Wet deposition of mercury within the vicinity of a cement plant before and during cement plant maintenance". Atmospheric Environment. 44 (10): 1255–1262. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.033. Retrieved 2012-12-15. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Lemly, Dennis (1998). Selenium Assessment in Aquatic Ecosystems: A guide for hazard evaluation and water quality criteria. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95346-5.
^ CH2MHILL and Environmental Science Associates (April 2012). Lehigh Permanente Quarry Selenium Treatment (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 2012-12-22.
^ K. Michael Nolan, R. Barry Hill (1989). Effects of Limestone Quarrying and Cement-Plant Operations on Runoff and Sediment Yields in the Upper Permanente Creek Basin, Santa Clara County, California (Report). U. S. Geological Survey. p. 46. Retrieved 2012-12-23. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Sediment Impact and Management Practice Assessments (PDF) (Report). Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program (SCVURPPP). January 2006. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
^ Stewart Smith (July 2004). "The Quarry's Perspective: Reclamation status of Hanson Quarry". Committee on Green Foothills. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
^ Ferrier, Mike (19 December 2011). "Sierra Club Files Suit Against Lehigh for Permanente Creek Pollution" (PDF). Sierra Club Press Release. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
^ Gwendolyn Mitchell (2012-06-26). "County Upholds Planning Commission Approval of Lehigh Permanente Quarry Reclamation Plan Amendment". Santa Clara County. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
^ Matt Wilson (2012-12-04). "Cupertino: Open space district files lawsuit against county over Lehigh Cement's EIR". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
Map images of the quarry.
Committee for Green Foothills (group against expansion of the quarry)
News article about the cement plant
Information on the City of Cupertino Website
Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley
Cogswell Polytechnical College
De Anza College
Foothill College
International Technological University
Menlo College
Ohlone College
Silicon Valley Technical Institute
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Coordinates: 37°19′11″N 122°06′49″W / 37.319627°N 122.113552°W / 37.319627; -122.113552
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permanente_Quarry&oldid=903620487"
Quarries in the United States
Geography of Santa Clara County, California
Mass shootings in the United States


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Bob Graham on Energy & Oil
FL Sr Senator (retiring 2004); Democratic Primary Candidate for President
Pay for Iraqi reconstruction with Iraqi oil revenue
For the rebuilding of Iraq, I believe that we should look to the Iraqi oil source in the same way that in the 1990s we looked to the Mexican oil source in order to finance the bail-out plan that we had for them. The policy that the administration is following in Iraq is typical of their policies elsewhere. It is disrespectful of other nations. We need to be inviting in to participate in this occupation. Source: Debate at Pace University in Lower Manhattan Sep 25, 2003
Wean our dependence from foreign oil
Q: What is your view on our dependence on fossil fuels?
A: I've been a leader on protecting our coastlines, our national monuments, the Alaska wilderness and our other sensitive lands against oil drilling. I will invest like no other president has before in renewable energy, including ethanol, wind and solar. We will wean our dependence from foreign oil by putting in place a strategy that takes us fully into the future through a dramatic increase in renewable energy production and consumption. Source: MoveOn.org interview Jun 17, 2003
Voted YES on Bush Administration Energy Policy.
Vote to pass a bill would overhaul the nation's energy policies, reorganize the electricity system and make available approximately $15 billion in energy-related tax incentives. It also would direct the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to establish a new CAFE standard within 15 months to two years. It would support the use of alternative energy and call for utilities to increase their dependence on renewable fuels. Reference: Energy Policy Act of 2003; Bill HR 6 ; vote number 2003-317 on Jul 31, 2003
Voted YES on targeting 100,000 hydrogen-powered vehicles by 2010.
Dorgan Amdt. No. 865; To require that the hydrogen commercialization plan of the Department of Energy include a description of activities to support certain hydrogen technology deployment goals. Part of S 14 Energy Omnibus bill; this vote would pass an amendment that would call for the Department of Energy to set targets and timelines to maintain the production of 100,000 hydrogen-powered vehicles by 2010, and 2.5 million vehicles annually by 2020. It also would call for the department to set targets for the sale of hydrogen at fueling stations. The bill would require the Energy secretary to submit a yearly progress report to Congress. Bill S.14 ; vote number 2003-212 on Jun 10, 2003
Voted YES on removing consideration of drilling ANWR from budget bill.
Boxer Amdt. No. 272.; To prevent consideration of drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in a fast-track budget reconciliation bill. S Con Res 23 Budget resolution FY2004: Vote to pass an amendment that would strike (remove) language in the resolution that would permit oil drilling and exploration in part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. [Voting No favors drilling for oil in ANWR]. Bill SConRes 23 ; vote number 2003-59 on Mar 19, 2003
Voted NO on drilling ANWR on national security grounds.
Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Murkowski Amendment No. 31323; To create jobs for Americans, to reduce dependence on foreign sources of crude oil and energy, to strengthen the economic self determination of the Inupiat Eskimos and to promote national security. Would allow gas and oil development in a portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge if the president certifies to Congress that production in the area is in the nation's security and economic interests (qwhich Prsident Bush would). If the cloture motion is agreed to, debate will be limited and a vote will occur. If the cloture motion is rejected debate could continue indefinitely and instead the bill is usually set aside. A yea vote for this bill was one in favor of drilling in the reserve. Three-fifths of the total Senate (60) is required to invoke cloture. Bill S.517 ; vote number 2002-71 on Apr 18, 2002
Voted NO on terminating CAFE standards within 15 months.
Levin Amendment No. 2997; To provide alternative provisions to better encourage increased use of alternative fueled and hybrid vehicles. Vote to pass an amendment that would remove the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standard (CAFE) and instead establish a new automobile efficiency standard in 15 months. Congress could veto any CAFE increase and would be allowed to increase the standard if no changes are made with 15 months. The bill would overhaul the nation's energy policies by restructuring the electricity system and providing for $16 billion in energy-related tax incentives. Bill S.517 ; vote number 2002-47 on Mar 13, 2002
Voted NO on preserving budget for ANWR oil drilling.
Vote to preserve language in the Fiscal Year 2001 Budget Framework that assumes $1.2 billion in revenue from oil exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge [ANWR] in Alaska. Bill S Con Res 101 ; vote number 2000-58 on Apr 6, 2000
Voted YES on ending discussion of CAFE fuel efficiency standards.
Senators Feinstein (D-CA) and Bryan (D-NV) introduced a resolution expressing the sense of the Senate towards ending CAFE Standards. Senator Gorton motioned to table this amendment. [A YES vote is considered pro-business].
Status: Amdt Rejected Y)40; N)55; NV)4 Reference: Gorton Amdt # 1677; Bill H.R. 2084 ; vote number 1999-275 on Sep 15, 1999
Voted YES on defunding renewable and solar energy.
In June of 1999, Senator Jeffords (R-VT) was prepared to offer an amendment which would have added $62 million to the Energy Department solar and renewable energy programs. This action was blocked by Senator Reid (D-NV).
Status: Motion Agreed to Y)60; N)39; NV)1 Reference: Motion to table the recommital; Bill S. 1186 ; vote number 1999-171 on Jun 16, 1999
Voted YES on approving a nuclear waste repository.
Approval of the interim nuclear waste repository.
Status: Bill Passed Y)65; N)34; NV)1 Reference: Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1997; Bill S. 104 ; vote number 1997-42 on Apr 15, 1997
Voted NO on do not require ethanol in gasoline.
Funding a mandated percentage of market share for the use of ethanol in gasoline, to be funded b reducing NASA budget b $39 million..
Status: Table Motion Agreed to Y)50; N)50; VP decided YES Reference: Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 1995; Bill H.R. 4624 ; vote number 1994-255 on Aug 3, 1994
Keep climate change in EPA "State of the Environment" report.
Graham signed a letter from 7 Senators to the President
Dear President Bush:
We are deeply disturbed to read reports this morning that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the White House have decided to omit data and language pertaining to climate change from the Agency's upcoming "State of the Environment" report. We would like to know if this is true. [Note: The section on climate change was indeed omitted�Ed.]
According to these reports, the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) made decisions to delete from the "State of the Environment" report scientifically sound, consensus-based conclusions about the human contributions to global warming that have been confirmed by the National Research Council and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We would like to know why, and who within the Administration made this decision.
Perhaps most distressing are reports that Administration officials substituted into the report for the deleted language a reference to a study partially funded by the American Petroleum Institute that questions the National Research Council's conclusions. If true, this action brings into question the ability and authority of the EPA or any agency within this Administration to publish unbiased scientific reports. This would dramatically weaken both Congressional and public confidence in the Administration to allow credible, peer-reviewed study to prevail over political agenda. If these reports are accurate, your Administration has done a serious disservice not only to the hard-working professionals at the EPA, but also to the American people and our future.
We request all drafts of the report as well as comments prepared by the EPA, OMB, & CEQ. We request a list of all participants involved in review of the document, including all Administration officials and entities outside the Administration. Furthermore, we ask that appropriate actions be taken regarding those responsible for doctoring this report. Source: Letter from 7 Senators to the President 03-SEN7 on Jun 19, 2003
Keep efficient air conditioner rule to conserve energy.
Graham signed a letter from 53 Senators to the President
Mr. President: A recent federal court decision regarding energy efficient air conditioners is a significant victory for consumers, for the environment, and for our nation's energy future. We respectfully request that you do not appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Last month, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second District (Natural Resources Defense Council et al v. Abraham, Docket 01-4102) affirmed that central air conditioners sold beginning in 2006 must be at least 30% more energy efficient than those available today.
Air conditioners are a necessary modern convenience but are also major users of electricity. On hot days, cooling homes and businesses is the largest category of electricity demand. Requiring air conditioners to be as energy efficient as possible will begin to reduce the stress on the electricity generation and transmission network and decrease the likelihood of blackouts that many regions of the country experience during warm weather conditions.
Air conditioners that meet the Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating 13 standard will provide benefits for consumers, the environment, and the nation. The SEER 13 standard will alleviate the need for additional electricity production and transmission resulting in as many as 48 fewer power plants required by 2020. This standard will also result in less harmful air pollution being emitted into the atmosphere. Moreover, by 2020 power plant emissions of carbon dioxide will be 2.5 million tons lower as a result, and emissions of mercury, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides will also be held down resulting in cleaner air and healthier citizens.
Finally, the higher standard can be expected to save businesses and residential consumers $1 billion per year in lower electricity bills. Lower electricity bills will recover the slightly higher purchase cost for the more efficient air conditioners in less than 18 months. Source: Letter from 53 Senators to the President 04-SEN2 on Mar 19, 2004
Click here for policy papers on Energy & Oil.
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Democratic Primaries:
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Al Sharpton Abortion
Adv: Avi Green for State Rep Middlesex 26, Somerville & Cambridge Massachusetts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Free Light Novel > ROMANCE > The Secrets of Sir Richard Kenworthy Last Chapter
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3. 6,8-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXYQUINOLINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID MARKET WORLDWIDE. MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS OF 6,8-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXYQUINOLINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID (INCLUDING CONTACT DETAILS).
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Former Indiana Pacer Scot Pollard Joins Joe Kempler's Team
Recently, Joe Kempler proudly announced that he has teamed up with former Indiana Pacer Scot Pollard to form the Kempler-Pollard Group. The Kempler-Pollard Group will continue to maintain its Encore-Sotheby's real estate office in the Village of West Clay.
Pollard was a former first round draft pick, 11-year veteran of the NBA, and a member of the 2008 Boston Celtics that won an NBA Championship. Many of you may remember Pollard when he played for the Indiana Pacers for the 2003-2006 seasons. During his time playing at the University of Kansas and the NBA, Pollard was always known as a hardworking player who excelled in the less glamourous areas of defense and rebounding. Pollard plans to bring that same gritty drive and work ethic to help the clients of Kempler-Pollard Group.
Since his playing days ended, Pollard has worked in broadcasting doing color commentary for games across the country for NBA TV and TNT, acted in a few movies and was a contestant on the 32nd season of the hit television show, Survivor. Throughout his NBA career and thereafter as he pursued these other endeavors, Pollard has always maintained an active interest real estate. Even after Pollard's time here with the Indiana Pacers ended, he has continued to spend a real deal of time in the Indy area. Recently, he and his wife moved into their new home in the Village of West Clay.
According to Pollard, he interviewed a number of the local real estate offices and felt an immediate connection with Kempler. From his time in the NBA, Pollard gained an appreciation of the value that an established real estate veteran like Kempler has to offer. Kempler has an architectural background, experience as a home builder and has been a realtor for over 12 years. For his part, Kempler said he is excited to have someone like Pollard, with tremendous local recognition and drive to serve their clients, join his team.
Tags Joe Kempler Scot Pollard Scot Pollard NBA The Kempler-Pollard Group
Concerts for a Cause Open 2019 with The Steel Wheels
Katie Charleston Law, P.C.: PLANNING FOR YOUR FAMILY AND YOUR BUSINESS
Scot and Dawn Pollard: Winning Against Cancer


When funeral arrangements must unexpectedly be made away from home, Beeson Funeral Home will assist you in any way that we can.
Call Beeson Funeral Home at 302-453-1900 day or night. It is not usually necessary for you to contact an out-of-state funeral home. We can do this for you. We will make the arrangements necessary to transport the deceased to the out-of-state funeral home for embalming, preparation, and return to Delaware. We will need some basic information from you, and we will ask you to call us upon your return to Delaware to set a time for an arrangement conference.


Born in 1969 in Petah-Tikva, Israel, Whilst still a teenager he moved to Shaarayim, the Yemenite neighbourhood in Rehovot. It was here he developed his interest in music and rhythm and where he learned and absorbed the influences of a richly diverse cultural community that included people from North Africa, east and central Europe, and the Middle East. He found himself particularly drawn to Yemenite culture, music, and rhythms.
Asaf started his professional career as a musician playing with many different young Jazz-Rock, Kleizmer, world music, and Free Jazz bands. During that time he co-operated with Israel's local Jazz/world luminaries such as Harold Rubin, Albert Beger, Yair Dlal and Eyal Sela.
In 2000 Asaf and Gilad Atzmon formed The Orient House Ensemble, and this band went on to record 7 albums one of which won the 'Best CD of the Year' category at the BBC Jazz Award 2003.
He recorded the Inner Noise' first album ('Inner Noise', Konnex KCD 5113). 'Inner Noise' is widely considered a groundbreaking album and the music has been described as a new genre - 'Gothic Jazz'. The CD was chosen as one of the best albums of 2005 at the CHUOFM89 radio jazz station in Canada.
Recently, Asaf is featured on the Lighthouse new album - Trio Lighthouse - that was released by the ACT record label in April 2012. The band toured throughout 2012.
He is a member of Larry Coryell's 'Power Trio' (featuring Larry Coryell on Guitar and Jeff Berlin on Bass), Nicolas Meier Group, a group that combines Jazz with Middle Eastern music, as well as working with other artists such as: Chick Corea, Jeff Berlin, John Abercrombie, Bob Sheppard, Mark Egan, Dave Liebman, David Binney, Gary Husband, John Taylor, Norma Winstone, Kenny Wheeler, Klaus Gesing(Austria).


 佛學講座 - 佛學問答(English) - Is a Buddhist practitioner opposing organ donation committing preceptive violation in any way?
首頁 > 佛學問答(Englsih) > Is a Buddhist practitioner opposing organ donation committing preceptive violation in any way?
Is a Buddhist practitioner opposing organ donation committing preceptive violation in any way?
precept in si zhong si-shi-san qing, 4 heavies and 43 lights.


Napa Date Night! Magnolias and Sunlight: Napa Date Night!
Living in the Napa Valley the only thing to do is drink wine and go out to eat at restaurants. Now don't get me wrong, I'm not complaining. I just have to exercise a lot more than before ;) So last night we decided to go grab dinner at one of my fav places: Harvest Table. They make great drinks (try the smoke eater!) and the grilled octopus is really yummy! So if you're in the area definitely give it a try!
I wanted so badly to wear a dress yesterday because it's finally warm enough, but a spider kind of attacked my leg and until the bites (yes, plural!) heal I think I'm stuck in pants for a few more days. So bare with me while that gets better and then there will be no stopping all the summer looks I've been saving!
These shoes are about a year and a half old and they've been a favorite since I got them new in the mail. Jeffery Campbell and Vince Camuto both have a ton of laser cut sandals out right now and I just love the extra details on them! I paired them with my new fav nail polish, Cabana Boy! I also wore these shoes in this post last week. They're super versatile!
When it comes to date nights, I always take a sweater or a jacket because I am always cold when the sun goes down. Plus, restaurants always have the air turned up full blast. Denim jackets have come in and out of style, but I always keep and white one and classic denim one in my closet. I love adding the crisp white during summer and you can't beat a classic, semi-distressed jean jacket! I'm waiting for the Madewell in San Francisco to get my size back in stock and then I'm going to grab this one and get it personalized (note: they run small)! It's going to be a great travel piece this summer!


text:
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  const view = new MapView({ ... })

})

I would like to be able to initialize this behavior on command from another module, as well as get access to the map and view objects that are defined within the AMD callback. In order to be able to initialize this on command, I can wrap it in a function, and export that function:
export const makeMap = () => {

   require([esri modules], function(Map, MapView){

      map = new Map({ ... })
      view = new MapView({ ... })

   })

}

I can import makeMap into some other module in my code, and call it.  This is working nicely.  However, I am trying to figure out how I can then access the map and view objects to be able to manipulate them through the UI.  First I tried this:
// mapMap.js
export const makeMap = () => {

   let mapInstance;
   let viewInstance;

   require([esri modules], function(Map, MapView){

      map = new Map({ ... })
      view = new MapView({ ... })

      mapInstance = map
      viewInstance = view

   })

   return { mapInstance, viewInstance }

}

// some other module
import { makeMap } from './makeMap'

const { mapInstance, viewInstance } = makeMap()

This obviously does not work - mapInstance and viewInstance are undefined, as the function that defines them inside the AMD callback runs after they are returned from the makeMap() call.
I am not sure how I can get a returned value from the AMD callback.  Is this possible?  Do I need another paradigm?
One other thing I tried is to pass in a reference-holder object, apply the reference to that object, and then just retrieve them from there when needed.  It works, but I feel its not as clean:
// maprefs.js
export const maprefs = {}

// makeMap.js
import { maprefs } from './maprefs'

export const makeMap = (maprefs, mapname) => {

   require([esri modules], function(Map, MapView){

      map = new Map({ ... })
      view = new MapView({ ... })

      maprefs[mapname] = { map, view }

   })

}

// some module
import { maprefs } from './maprefs'
import { makeMap } from './makeMap'

makeMap(maprefs, "map1")

someButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
  // maprefs.map1 is properly defined as { mapInstance, viewInstance } and I can take action on it
  maprefs.map1.doSomething
})

I took a look at How do I return the response from an asynchronous call?, which is about retuning values from ajax calls, but I'm struggling to relate that to AMD callbacks.
Is it possible to return the value from the AMD callback to be used elsewhere?  I am hoping for a const { map, value } = makeMap() type syntax.

A: In the scenario that you mention, I think that the best solution is to use esri-loader. Is a tiny library built by ESRI for this purpose exactly, that is, load the ArcGIS JS API library modules at runtime.
ArcGIS Docs - esri-loader
Github ESRI - esri-loader usage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The ESAS Star Atlas has been written by ESAS members Roy Bicknell and Andy Lawes. This atlas has been produced in the hope that it will be useful to the beginner amateur astronomer and well as the more experienced practitioner. Its use will best be for identifying the major constellations and stars to 6th magnitude, while observers with binoculars or small telescopes will be able to home in onto the deep sky objects listed in Messier's famous catalogue and Patrick Moore's Caldwell Catalogue. The tables on the last page will help in identifying the brighter planets, unfortunately, Mercury's fast movement does not permit monthly tabulation.
These bi-monthly journals are available to download. Due to the rules of BAA, it is only available to ESAS members and so you will need to login to the members section of our website and then go to the BAA Journals menu option under "Your ESAS". Feb 2017 onwards are available.
Due to the changing face of Astronomy on a daily basis, and the use of the Internet to look for current information, books become obsolete very quickly, ESAS is no longer holding a library.
An inventory of equipment is held by the Society and includes items that can be loaned out to members.


Escape other tourists at Culebrita Island, an uninhabited island with a relaxed atmosphere. Explore the white sand beaches, coral reefs, cays, and many rocky viewpoints that surround the island. Each beach has something different to offer, whether it is snorkelling or viewing nesting spots for sea turtles. Take a walking trail to see the old Culebrita Lighthouse, one of the oldest in the Caribbean. Visiting the island can be done through a day sail or a water taxi. Make Culebrita Island part of your personalized Culebra itinerary using our Culebra visit planner .
You can only visit by boat making it a very unspoiled beach with great snorkeling and beautiful sand.


text:
Sunrise Textual Criticism
Thoughts and queries related to textual criticism, textual studies, scholarly editing, and related subjects such as bibliography. Some of these were generated in relation to a course taught in textual criticism.
Photoquotes
Def: A quotation that is not transcribed but, rather, photographed and embedded in the flow of prose where normally a block quotation or quotation marks would be used. A photoquote is not an illustration of what the scholar is referring to. It is not even just supporting evidence. It becomes an integral part of the argument.
Quotation is a fundamental tool of historical and literary scholarship--and it is tricky. Anyone who has vetted a manuscript, be it an essay assignment in school or an article or book manuscript, or anyone who, in reviewing a book, has checked the quotations against the originals, knows how easy it is to find typographical errors. But more important, it is easy to find cases where the quotation is not from the alleged source, but rather from some knockoff reprint. It is also easy to identify cases where the quotation was truncated strategically or taken out of context.
Photoquotes make such errors and deceptions more difficult if not impossible. Scholars in search of facts and sound argument would welcome that difficulty.
Perhaps the first remarkable use of photoquotes was in descriptive bibliography when the quasi-facsimile transcription of title pages gave way to photographic reproductions. The quasi-facsimile transcription was an attempt to reproduce with codes, symbols, and strategic deployment of white space the salient characteristics of a title page in order to give users of the descriptive bibliography a way of identifying copies of a book. The title-page photograph not only gave a more detailed rendering of the original, it eliminated the human error virtually inevitable in transcriptions.
Skepticism and a will to believe form a basic tension in scholarship. Scholars always want to know where information comes from. Footnotes and lists of works cited do not just witness the range of a scholar's frame of reference, they do not just bolster the arguments with an array of authorities. They are primarily the identification of the sources of one's information. And yet, the most scrupulous attention to annotation only gives readers a place to go and check the accuracy and fairness of one's use of sources. Scholarship's report about where information comes from does not change the fact that quotations and reports of information are, to the reader, hearsay--reports at second hand.
Thomas Paine explained his reluctance to believe in God and an afterlife on the grounds that he had no first hand evidence. He said he did not deny the possibility of revelation; he only denied ever having had a revelation himself. He did not deny that other people might have had a revelation from God; but him, when these revelations were reported, it was second hand. He wanted evidence. Presumably he was interested and would have welcomed evidence of God and the afterlife. He was not stubborn; just skeptical. He would not bank his life on secondhand information. That is perhaps extreme if applied to all knowledge. But scholarship is about identifying and evaluating sources and replicating arguments. Accepting on faith what one reads is not scholarship.
Photoquotation may be susceptible to manipulation, but a photo taken from a properly identified source document, with sufficient inclusion of margins and context would give readers a sense of authenticity far more convincing than a mere footnote to a block quotation. For example, the following is taken from an essay on the composition and publication of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse. Imagine it with transcribed block quotations, rather than photoquotes.
Readers familiar with To the Lighthouse might be reading the following passages for the first time, since they appear in very few places--and not in any trade edition of the novel. The question before us is, Do the cut passages add to or change one's notion of James and his relation to his father? All the cut passages are in the mind of James, who does not elsewhere in the novel think or express these thoughts. In the text as it was published on both sides of the Atlantic, James thinks about his father's nearing presence.
Fig. 2 (p 286 British Edition)
(Grateful acknowledgement is made to The Society of Authors as the Literary
Representative of the Estate of Virginia Woolf for permission to photo-quote
from Woolf's original documents.)
Originally, the proof-version that Woolf thought was the final form, was rather different. One must imagine the next picture of proof , pages 286-87, without the black pen alterations, which were copied by an editor at Harcourt Brace in New York, onto this original set of proofs only after Woolf had altered and sent in the second copy:
Fig. 3. Two pages of 1st proofs with Harcourt Brace editor's alterations
(copied from 2nd proofs, see Fig 4).
Given a second directive from the printer to cut additional material from the novel, Woolf produced the following:
Fig. 4. Second copy of proofs with VW's inked alterations.
The HB editor accurately recopied onto the first copy of proofs the alterations Woolf had made on the second set of proofs. No problem there, but the major deletion seems to me very significant, removing from James imagination the horror of thinking of his mother with his father near. Readers can make of that what they will; it is not explicit elsewhere in the novel.
Posted by PLS at 1:26 PM
Computers, Wood, and Textual Studies
Of course nothing I know about textual studies required that I learn it from computer programming or woodworking, but some of us are slow learners or learn inadvertently from seemingly unrelated events.
In 1976 I managed to get funding from the NEH for an edition of William Makepeace Thackeray's The History of Pendennis, an 800plus page serialized Victorian novel. Tucked into the grant proposal was a request for funding the development of a computer collation program. It was to be built on a prototype that had been developed by Susan Follet, a computer science MA student, under the joint direction of Edwin Ellis, professor of computer science, and Miriam Shillingsburg, professor of English. Their work was based on earlier prototypes by Margaret S. Cabannis and Penny Gilbert. So, in 1976, I began working with Russell Kegley, another MA student in computer science, meeting with him all day every Friday for nearly an academic year. The end result, CASE (Computer Assisted Scholarly Editing) was a suite of nine programs that enabled collation, manipulation and merging of collation results, manipulation of diplomatic transcriptions, printing of alterations in manuscripts, textual apparatus tables, and computer typeset edited texts. But the process, not the product, was what taught me what I had failed to learn in the normal course of training and practice in textual studies. It is that in my line of work it was easy to fool one's self into believing one was being careful, thorough, and conclusive. When one has to explain to a computer (by way of a programmer who writes the explanation as instructions in a programming language so that a machine will do what is required), when I had to explain with such clarity what needed to be done so that the instructions could be written in a yes/ no, off /on, if/else form, then I discovered that in the humanities, there is normally nothing to stop us from fudging the little stuff, allowing guestimates and plausible speculations to influence our results. When applying the unforgiving precision of computing to my process, the result of every fudge and every speculative guess was a jammed program or an endless loop. Computer science--or at least programming--teaches attention to detail and the need to discover that which would otherwise be swept under the rug.
The real results of that year of working with Russell Kegley was not the suite of programs, CASE, which went on to be used in preparing print editions of Thackeray, Irving, Carlyle, Dickens, Hardy, and other works, using forms of CASE developed for Univacs, Dec10, IBM mainframes, Macs, PCs, and laptops in a variety of languages from PL1, EBCDIC, Pascal, TurboPascal, and C, for various operating systems including Linux. That was pretty satisfying, but not the main deal for me. Nor was it the scholarly edition of Pendennis which I was able to use to support grant proposals that led to the production of nine other volumes in the Thackeray edition, which was also satisfying. The main product of that initial grant was my comeuppance in discovering that my hatred of error and my attempts to pay attention to detail could be thwarted by a computer. My first reaction, of course, was to blame the idiot machine that would do only what it was instructed to do. That, of course, gave way to the realization that it was an idiot that was instructing the computer to do idiotic things. Humbling and, eventually, enabling. The lesson underlies the most useful thing I have done as a result of having undertaken textual studies, the writing and publishing of three editions of Scholarly Editing in the Computing Age (SECA, for short). I have written other books, but SECA is the only one that has led perfect strangers to come up to me and tell me how helpful that book was to their own journey in textual studies.
That brings me to woodworking, which I have taken up in a more or less serious way since I retired in 2013. I already had a forest of hardwood trees in the steep mountains of western North Carolina, and I had acquired chainsaws, a tractor with a logging winch, a heavy duty pickup truck, and a variety of woodworking tools. Weather causes trees to fall in the woods, where they rot, unless someone cuts them up for firewood or drags them out and takes them to a mill to be made into lumber. That kind of work is so rough that one has to make a big mistake for it to be noticed. If the mistake is big enough, one does not live to tell the tale. Once the boards are cut, and air dried, and kiln dried, and planed, they can be made into floors, or tables and benches, or cabinets, or bat houses, or anything you can think of that is made of hardwoods, like maple, oak, cherry, or hickory. My son raised my woodworking game to a new level when he bought me some new tools in exchange for giving his son a week of carpentry camp. Table saws, radial arm saws, band saws, planers, drill presses and lathes are great for concentrating the attention of 9 and 10 year old children, but I have also found that my grandchildren's parents and even former graduate students love carpentry camp. Not to be outdone, another son gave me a jointer in exchange for a promise of a new desk made of hickory wood, which he and I found in the woods and dragged out together with the help of his wife and three of his children and two of my dogs--and of course the tractor and winch.
It was in building the desk that I discovered another truth or principle important in textual studies. Because the jointer was expensive, I had to make the desk perfect. Time and effort would just have to be spent to make things right. Error could not be tolerated. Error would destroy the aim of making a product that I could be proud of and that would not embarrass my son. The harder I worked to remove the imperfections of my work, the more obvious the little flaws became. When one uses rough sandpaper to get rid of obvious nicks and irregularities caused by rough power tools, the more little nicks start showing up. The finer the grain of sandpaper, the clearer and more abundant the tiny flaws become.
My father once told me that the word "sincere" came from carpentry. Carpenters, it seems, have from time immemorial used wax or some such substance to fill in the nicks and crannies that are too difficult to sand away. The Latin word for wax, ceram, combined with the word for without, creates sincere, without wax. Let me tell you. It takes a lot of work to be sincere.
In fact it is so hard to be sincere in carpentry that it reminds of nothing more than how hard it was to be sincere in textual studies. To be sincere means not to pretend to anything other than what you have done. Either you use wax or some other substance to fudge your product and hope no one notices or you work hard enough to not need wax or any other substance OR you come to the realization that you cannot produce a perfect product.
I began by saying that some of us are slow learners. I now realize that this certainty of imperfection was well understood in textual studies long before I came along. And yet not all students of texts, not even scholarly editors, have leaned how to deal with the inevitability of imperfection. The idea that one can produce an edition that will never have to be done again is a holy grail, tempting untold number of Jasons in the field. But the old masters already knew. They called their editions Critical Editions. Some hopeful fool coined the word Definitive Edition, but that did not last long. Textual scholars tend, on the whole, to be honest people--hopeful always, naive, sometimes, but mostly honest. No one claims to have produced the perfect critical article that will end the need for new critical articles. That would be laughable. Critics can do seminal work, but they cannot do terminal work. Likewise, textual critics and scholarly editors can bring high levels of sophistication and skill to their work; they can be innovative and exciting; but they cannot produce a definitive edition that will make all other editions unnecessary or passe. That is equally laughable.
My son's desk is imperfect. I told him I would build a replacement desk. In the meantime, he put the imperfect desk in his home office. The first person who came to his house to do business offered to buy it. But it is not good enough. Neither is that edition you just finished producing. Learn to live with it.
Posted by PLS at 9:07 AM
Bichitra: The Making of a Tagore Website
Sukanta Chaudhuri (with others)
There are, in the world, more native speakers of Bengali than of Russian, Japanese, German, French, or Italian. There is only one Bengali writer who has won the Nobel Prize for Literature, but the archive of his writings is larger than Shakespeare's, Goethe's, Proust's, or Faulkner's. His name is Rabindranath Tagore, poet, novelist, historian, dramatist, painter, sculptor, composer, educator, translator. His archive of manuscripts and printed works, amounting to over 140,000 pages, is the first major writer's archive to be entirely (almost) digitized and posted to the Internet--"almost" because 40 rare books out of 450 books and 300 out of 3,200 journal items could not (yet) be obtained for reproduction. The virtual archive was accomplished in two years by a team of 30 plus researchers and computer programmers funded primarily by the Indian government, which found itself justly proud of its Nobel Laureate on the occasion of his 150th birthday in 2011.
How they did it and why you should care is the subject of a new book, Bichitra: the Making of a Tagore Website, by the project director Sukanta Chaudhuri. Readers of Chaudhuri's book, The Metaphysics of Text, are familiar with his elegant and clear prose, his attention to detail, his self-effacing grace, and his incredible stamina. Most of the world needs this book because we don't know Tagore well enough, we don't know Bengali, and we don't know how to build or use virtual archives. The onus is on us but Bichitra, the book, makes it easy to find out.
The first step is to understand the importance and achievements of Tagore himself. He is a recognized world figure, but few will know that his works (he wrote in both Bengali and English) exist in multiple versions. Sometimes he turned a play into a novel or vice versa, or he incorporated poems into novels or other works. Sometimes his works were both collected and anthologized under his supervision, for which he made changes. Sometimes he wrote the same work (more or less) in both Bengali and English. But more often he was discovering new things to say with his already written works--he changed his mind--or finding a better way to say what he originally thought. The richness of Tagore's archive for the study of the genesis of thought and of literary works is unsurpassed by any writer anywhere. That is why it is called Bichitra, the various, the curious, the bizarre.
Obviously a reader needs more than just this book to explain Bichitra, the website. One needs to be able to work one's way around in the archive. So, there are tools: search engines and a concordance engine bring Tagore's words and subjects together. A bibliography with links to every form of each work aggregates the related materials. A collation program identifies the variants in the different forms of each work.
It is an archive not an edition. At one point Chaudhuri modestly calls it a "mere archive" to explain why the site does not explain the genetic process or explicate the significance of textual variants--except for a few examples to show the potentials. He rightly points out that would be a major project in itself. The site enables that kind of work; it does not do it for us. There is nothing "mere" about this archive. For the first time, persons interested in Tagore can read any one of dozens of versions of his works, can read rare works, can read works in the context of collections of Tagore's works or as originally printed, can read the images of original publications or the transcripts made of them in order to be computer searchable. And readers can read manuscripts of works (mostly) published, but also for versions that were never published.
Suppose, however, you are not interested in Tagore, you can still learn much about the Bengali language and its particular difficulties for keyboards, printing presses, and software for searching and collating. Even questions about fonts receive careful attention. In the absence of adequate software environments for major literary virtual archives (even for Roman alphabet languages), the Bichtra project invented its own standards for imaging, for transcriptions, and for collations. Everyone with a large text project confronts the delight and disaster of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) which even at 98% accuracy produces an average two errors per 100 characters (counting spaces) or 40 to 50 errors per page and OCR is of no use at all for manuscripts, which have to be transcribed manually. Bichitra represents major accomplishments of interest to digital humanists everywhere--if they can just overcome their lack of interest in Tagore or Bengali. Ignorance is a comfortably debilitating condition, bliss--sort of.
For me the major accomplishment of the Tagore archive is the images of (almost) every version of every work. Digital collections of transcriptions are not archives, regardless of what anyone may claim for them. A transcription is a copy, a reset copy. It is different from its source text in every character because it is a copy susceptible to error at every character; it is not the original, it is not the same. Of course, a digital image is a copy also, but it is at least visually accurate. No one says that a picture of a person is the person. None should say that a picture of a book is the book. But digitally, images are as close as technology can get to providing surrogates for the material originals. Bichitra's crown jewels are its images. No institution has all the documents; but in this website they are collected, photographed, and mounted. That is not only great for Tagore studies, but for all aspiring digital archives. The process, the cameras, the lighting, the negotiations for permissions to photograph, and the alternatives for storing, archiving and displaying images are all so complex that anyone wanting to create a sophisticated archive website will learn much from the Bichitra experience. But it is so much more. Images cannot be searched, analyzed or collated. For these operations transcriptions are needed. Bichitra provides them.
Those last three words were so easy to write. Over 47 thousand pages of manuscript made transcription anything but easy. The chapter on manuscript transcription is easily the longest and most interesting because it deals so openly and sensibly with an extremely complex problem. Most readers will soon get over their unfamiliarity with the language as they get deeper and deeper into considerations of what every manuscript transcriber has experienced. Transcription is detective work, interpretive work, philosophical work, and practical work. Before the end of the day, decisions have to be made about how to proceed. Tagore was a rapid writer and inexhaustible reviser. Some of his assistants learned to emulate his hand. Is it a nightmare or a fertile field? Chaudhuri seems to know that it is the former but he treats it as the latter.
Every project director and every technical officer and computer science partner on a digital archive project will benefit from reading chapters 6 through 9 in particular. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 do not shy from technical detail but even technically challenged textual scholars should have no difficulty understanding them.
They recount first the task of organizing the file structures required to keep track of hundreds of thousands of individual files of transcriptions and images. The project team devised a new content management system because there was none to hand adequate for the job. The description of Tagore's tangled bibliography is merely prelude to describing the organizational system that brought digital order to it. Next they tackle the job of providing indexing and search capabilities to the website. Third, they describe the construction and function of a collation program that will handle Bengali language and multiple versions. These three back-end systems and tools represent a formidable accomplishment; given the time in which it was done it is like a miracle.
Chapter 9 describes the front end--the user interface design and functions. Given the intricate and orderly content management system, display of content for the user is potentially infinitely malleable. The achieved system is not perfect but it is more than a very good beginning. Nevertheless, the project was launched at a significantly high plateau of achievement.
Chapter 10 treats the entire project as a good start and addresses three areas for improvement: additions to the content; improvements of the internal synchronization of images and transcriptions, and additional analytical tools and uses for the content. The project, thus, fulfills the expectations of modern modular project structures, rejecting the intricate monoliths of early electronic projects. It is extendible.
The book begins and ends with acknowledgements to those who constructed or supported the project. It is fitting that this description of so large a project, with such high standards, should begin and end so. It takes a village to build a digital archive.
PhotoquotesDef: A quotation that is not transcr...
Bichitra:The Making of a Tagore WebsiteSukantaChau...
Peter Shillingsburg has taught at Mississippi State University where he was a William L. Giles Professor, at the University of North Texas, at De Montfort University where he was Director of the Center for Textual Scholarship, at the Defense Force Academy campus of The University of New South Wales, and at Loyola University Chicago where he held the Svaglic Chair in Textual Studies. He was a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow. He was the general and textual editor of the Works of W. M. Thackeray (Garland and Michigan) and is author of two books on Thackeray (Pegasus in Harness and William M Thackeray: A Literary Life) and four books on textual studies (Scholarly Editing in the Computer Age, Resisting Text, From Gutenberg to Google, and Textuality and Knowledge. He has served as Coordinator, Committee Member, and Chairman of the Modern Language Association's Committee on Scholarly Editions and as President of the Society for Textual Scholarship.


text:
Combat Tracking (catch all)
Page 11 of 12 First ... 9101112 Last
Thread: Combat Tracking (catch all)
ganulv
Berkshire County, Mass.
Always best to be downwind, but just in case…
Originally Posted by JMA
With a stick?
Must use a finger to feel the internal temperature... to help judge the age.
And if you lick your finger afterwards you can figure out what the animal has been eating
A fellow l I know who was with SF in Vietnam told me he and his Montagnards would always make sure to keep their diets bland and local in the days before they were planning to go out to a hide site. I have often wondered if that did them any good beyond getting them in the right headspace. But of course plenty of amateurs can smell garlic and curry scents emanating from folks' pores so I suppose there might have been something to it.
Last edited by ganulv; 06-06-2012 at 07:59 PM.
If you don't read the newspaper, you are uninformed; if you do read the newspaper, you are misinformed. – Mark Twain (attributed)
To be honest, as we traveled with ladies I wanted to keep it elegant - and as I said I consider myself to be a poor tracker.
Anyway the old black was a tracker (he picked up the spoor by the gate of a road according to guy with the walkie-talkie ) who seemed to spoke just Afrikaans. As I'm used to Europeans I had a difficult time to estimate his age but I guess he was around 50.
I got my first tracking guide at a very age, however the droppings outdoors really seemed often not to match the book. It took me a while to understand, despite having a own body that it depends a lot on the things you have been eating and your own health. For example deer droppings are almost always neat little cones in the books but you encounter also, especially in the summer quite different ones...
In general an open mind and the knowledge that animals (and humans, considering the topic) can surprise you with their behavior are key to understand the stories written into our environment. Corbett himself conceded readily that despite the best mental efforts usually the animal doesn't behave in the way one expects. For example starting from a mere furrow in the road he found an (animal) kill and located the rough locations of the animal, a tiger who made it. Doing his best to position himself to spot the highly prized and well known tiger he was quite surprised by the approach and by the identity of it.
To return to the topic Corbett offered to help to track down Sultana the Dacoit. This chapter of My India highlights some things which seem to never change. The dacoit, called the Indian Robin Hood by Jim had a vast number of informers organized into a neat intelligence net and moved at some stages daily camp, making it practically impossible to nail him down. Plans to capture him had to be kept secret until the last possible moment, informing the least amount of people necessary while other informations were leak on purpose. Villages had to be carefully avoided, even at night, and not just to risk no alarm from by the "best guard dogs of the world" the village pye. In the end it may not surprise some here that he was captured when he returned to spend another night in the same place...
Things may have turned out differently if Sultana had less scruple to take a life as Corbett later found out. Even in this case his tracker instinct proved right.
... "We need officers capable of following systematically the path of logical argument to its conclusion, with disciplined intellect, strong in character and nerve to execute what the intellect dictates"
General Ludwig Beck (1880-1944);
Speech at the Kriegsakademie, 1935
Dayuhan
Latitude 17° 5' 11N, Longitude 120° 54' 24E, altitude 1499m. Right where I want to be.
Originally Posted by ganulv
The Aetas said that people who use soap and shampoo have a distinct smell, noticeable to them and much more so to game. That doesn't sound unreasonable.
I once saw an older Aeta guy stop, walk 50 meters off a trail to a tree, and announce that there was a bee hive there and they'd come back to gather the honey. He said he could smell the accumulated droppings at the base of the tree. If I put my face a few inches from the dirt I could smell them too. Of course it's also possible that he'd known about the hive before and was messing with me. They never wanted to accept money for guiding, so whenever I went to the village I'd buy all the honey (about the only salable commodity they had) and give it away as gifts. I think they came to the conclusion that I was some sort of honey fetishist.
We have a modern day version of Sultana living in Lubuagan, bit NE of here. Fellow named Corey Dickpus (not kidding), got on the Philippine most wanted list with behaviour that in his culture was appropriate. He was a village official and a group of lowland traders got in a disagreement and apparently showed disrespect. He and his guys killed them. A reward was offered, but nobody took it up, including the local police, all of whom come from the mountain tribes (there's a policy of assigning people from this area to this area). Some members of an elite national police unit decided to go up undercover (not so easy in an ethnically distinct tribal region), bring him in, and get the reward. They promptly got ambushed. He's still up there, no secret, but nobody wants to go after him. Not really an issue of tracking per se of course, just an example of how those local intel nets operate effectively to this day.
As far as I know the Philippine military have never recruited members of indigenous tribes as trackers, possibly because their relations with the tribes are generally not very good. During the Vietnam War the Navy had Aetas teaching jungle survival to pilots (smart move); some of the guys I knew still kept letters from pilots who had used those skills.
I once asked one of the Aetas what he thought of the former US military presence. The answer was "The Americans were good. When it was pay day, they paid."
"The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary"
The smart folks also stopped smoking, shaving and using soap, toothpaste etc at least three days prior. Some smokers -- a very few -- did not smoke at all while in Viet Nam; that odor is quite pervasive.
Drinking alcochol was also avoided as were clean clothes...
There's something incredibly practical about how Mande hunters' shirts smell, hard as it may be for some to believe.
All this stuff presupposes that the people sent on these missions know what to look for and can interpret what they see (in terms of patterns of activity, etc)... and presupposes that their bushcraft and anti-tracking/moving without leaving sign will get them to the 'hide' undetected.
Sure the Montagnards could but ... honestly ... how many yanks? And after how long in-country?
I bet this was more of a commentary on the appalling state of the British urban working class's health to the point that they were physically unable to soldier at all, not simply unable to serve as trackers. I don't think the modern-day recruiters in NYC have to deal with so drastic a situation. (Do they?)
Winter writes well. Perhaps the following article is more interesting and germane?
Britain's `Lost Generation' of the First World War
Author(s): J. M. Winter
Source: Population Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Nov., 1977), pp. 449-466
Published by: Population Investigation Committee
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2173368
If this piques your interest then it would lead you to the following book:
Six Weeks: The Short and Gallant Life of the British Officer in the First World War
... which in turn will lead you to the short play:
Journey's End a Play in Three Acts
... isn't the pursuit of understanding fascinating?
I suspect my friend got up to speed pretty quick. But being a coal miner's son and indigenous himself he did have a bit of a head start on the other Yanks.
Not apropos of the thread topic, but the vein of the (Not So) Great War, here's an article about my hometown if it's of interest.
... certainly yanks of the 'city slicker' variety
Extract from the book and article by Don Price and copied here from 'Africa's Commandos - new book on the RLI':
Principles of tracking - essential skills required to make a good tracker
1.	Fitness - mental and physical stamina
A tracker is often required to be up-front and in the first line of fire. In order to do this time and time again, he must possess both mental and physical stamina. The enemy will always be some distance ahead and it is essential to make up this time and close the gap; the faster the gap is closed the quicker the enemy is engaged so peak physical fitness is vital.
2.	Unusually keen eyesight and attention to detail
A good tracker usually has very good eyesight and picks up small details that the normal person might overlook. He notices things that are unusual to the situation – a broken twig, a piece of bent grass etc. Eyes have muscles and like other muscles in the body need constant exercise to achieve ultimate performance.
3.	Common sense and good judgement
A tracker must show good common sense and judgment as he moves along the tracks. For example, by reading the lay of the land a tracker may anticipate a dry stream up ahead, so could move forward quickly and relocate the tracks which might save valuable time in closing with the enemy. On the other hand if the tracks appear to be slowing down he may want to speak to the controller and check out the area ahead to avoid ambush and so on.
4.	Patience
Patience is extremely important as the enemy often employs anti-tracking techniques to confuse the tracker. An impatient tracker or soldier can easily ruin a follow-up very quickly if he cannot at times slow things down in order to read and appreciate the signs ahead. A 'gung-ho, go-get-em' type will inevitably ruin a good follow-up. Relocating lost spoor is a slow, methodical and deliberate process which can be very frustrating and annoying to an aggressive leader. Remember the old saying, "Slowly, slowly catch a monkey." How true this is especially in tracking. Patience, displayed by both trackers, command and control alike, are prerequisites to successful tracking operations.
5.	Aggression and motivation
By its very definition, tracking means aggressive and meaningful pursuit. Its very success depends on the ability to pursue, close with and destroy the enemy. A follow-up has a beginning, a middle and an end, and the end must be pursuant with your goals. The point is that without an aggressive spirit, the tracker may as well pack up and go home. As far as a good tracker is concerned, motivation must be a driving force that sees no barrier to operational success. The strange thing about tracking is that better results are always attained by better-motivated people.
6.	Good working knowledge of conditions and terrain
An attribute of a good tracker is being able to fit into the terrain in which he is operating. Ahead of time a tracker should familiarize himself with the lay of the land, know where the main water-points are, the distribution of roads in the area, the type of terrain, wooded, open, populated with game, humans and so on. If a tracker is flown into a new and strange surrounding he must find out about the area before tackling the task. A local tribesman, for example, may be a useful addition to the follow-up group if he is sympathetic and friendly. The lesson here is simple: trackers must have a complete and accurate knowledge of the area they are expected to operate in. In his book The Neutral Jungle, Spencer Chapman wrote, "The jungle may be neutral, but it will certainly assist the tracker and give him a definite edge if he is able to manipulate the environment to his advantage."
7.	Stealth
Being able to move silently is what keeps you alive and a good tracker should be able to move quietly through the bush, gliding along without making much noise, using silent signals to communicate with his group of men. These signals should be practised until all the members fully understand the language, at least enough to communicate all the situations and reactions they are likely to be confronted with on a follow-up. A tracker's kit and equipment needs to be designed and adjusted for the task: good footwear in the form of lightweight boots are essential as hard sled shoes crunch on leaves and twigs; water-bottles must be full so as not to make a sloshing noise; webbing snug and well fitting so as not to hamper the tracker if he suddenly has to run, dive, roll etc. All these things must be considered.
8.	Tactical awareness
Always be alert. Know your enemy and know yourself. By this I mean appreciate your own capabilities, work on your weaknesses and understand the enemy you are hunting and tracking. The essential elements of trust, training, tactics and testing go a long way in attaining full tactical awareness which will enable you to do the right thing in the right place at the right time with the right tactics, to the right people, with the right effect, for the right reason. Remember, 'Know your enemy, know yourself.'
Last edited by davidbfpo; 07-29-2012 at 08:41 PM. Reason: Copied here and opening sentence amended.
This thread was entitled 'Combat Tracker Teams' till today and appears to mainly relate to training for combat tracking - in the Historians arena.
There were other relevant thread found on a simple search:
1) The Case for Combat Tracking Teams (in RFI)
2) Visual Tracking and the Military Tracking Team Capability (SWJ Blog)
3) Visual Tracking and the Military Tracking Team Capability (Trigger Puller)
All have now been merged here.
Last edited by davidbfpo; 07-29-2012 at 08:40 PM.
BushrangerCZ
For anybody interested in this subject, I strongly recommend David Scott Donelan as an advisor and instructor.
I concur. I just wrapped up three days of training with Marines who are Donelan trained, and have a long tracking problem on Monday. It's not voodoo, and Donelan's principles work.
The Complete Guide to Tracking: Concealment, Night Movement, and All Forms of Pursuit Following Tracks, Trails and Signs
I actually have owned that book for quite a while now, but with the start of the hunting season I like to refresh mentally some of the basics. It helps a great deal to make use of your rifle and sometimes also after the shot your own or that of others.
Cheap and possibly even cheaper looking - not even basic pictures made it into the book - it is arguably the best manual I know and has helped me a great deal. A very well organized and structed book, it blends tracking with other fieldcraft important for a hunter and offers you an efficient path for learning and improving said skills.
The track pursuit drill with it's 7 steps is a no-nonsense approach to follow a track and to stalk. It helped me to slow down, hone my stalking and to increase my overall awerness. If you know the area well you can stalk well and pick up tracks to get a sense of the game patters. We have a vastly different situation from Austria and Germany as well from a good deal of Italy, with the red deer being very hard to hunt.
It goes very well with Practical Tracking and Mammal Tracks & Signs. Fantastic books. The informations on lynx, bears and wolves are becoming highly relevant for my region.
German-speaking, European readers interested in local fauna should like Tierspuren erkennen & bestimmen or Tierspuren&co.
Last edited by davidbfpo; 05-07-2013 at 12:54 PM. Reason: Copied for reference from What are you reading now? thread.
KenWats
All you have to do to prove this is show up at morning PT after a long weekend. You'll get the wonderful aroma of the alcohol of choice.
Manhunt: my crash course in 'urban evasion'
The title is from a Daily Telegraph journalist's adventure trying to avoid being tracked in London, offered as an adventure / adrenalin rush. Then a reference and short clip to a forthcoming Discovery Channel series.
Link to the article:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/activ...n-evasion.html
The UK trainers:http://www.nationaltrackingschool.com/ and the UK Discovery Channel:http://www.discoveryuk.com/web/manhunt/
That Discovery show "Lone Target" with Joel Lambert is really lame for anyone who takes this stuff seriously. It´s funny show for civilian crowd. But I really liked the camera and scenery, especially in Arizona part, and sometimes they explain principle some of the techniques quite well (leapfrogging etc.). But show by itself is staged too obviously, and effort my Mr. Lambert is way weaker than what Chris Ryan did in his BBc show.
I have reopened this thread to enable an update in the next post. Secondly a reminder there is a much smaller, closed thread on current tracking:http://council.smallwarsjournal.com/...erations/page2
Last edited by davidbfpo; 05-01-2019 at 02:15 PM. Reason: 138,575v today
Tracking in the Rhodesian Army by Allan Savory
Discovered this likely "gem" looking for something else and I recognised the author's name. It is a short article (13 pgs) and opens with:
Any book about the Scouts would be incomplete without some reference to its earliest origins and how the Rhodesian Army became the first army we knew of to train army trackers as opposed to employing native or indigenous trackers, as the British did in Malaya and Borneo, with the Senoi Praaq and the Sarawak Rangers. To understand how the Rhodesian Army became the first to train and use army trackers, rather than recruiting local native trackers, I need to go back to explaining why my thinking was so different from that of my fellow officers. I grew up during the Second World War, fiercely proud of the role of Rhodesians in various theatres and could think of little but joining the army at the first opportunity. I could foresee at least twenty years of peace ahead of us and I did not want to be a peacetime soldier. Vaguely I could foresee a different kind of warfare emerging after that – guerilla warfare.
Link:http://pitchstonewaters.com/wp-conte...ory-Savory.pdf
There are a number of remarks on the wider context of being a tracker, after all the author became an open opponent of the Rhodesian government. His later career was as an ecologist. See:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savory
Last edited by davidbfpo; 05-29-2019 at 10:37 AM. Reason: 142,510v today nearly 4k up in three weeks
Warfare and Tracking in Africa, 1952–1990 (Warfare, Society and Culture)
Looking for something else I found this complimentary book review; the author Professor Timothy Stapleton is a Canadian and has written other books on warfare in Africa. Amazon states:
During the decolonization wars in East and Southern Africa, tracking became increasingly valuable as a military tactic. Drawing on archival research and interviews, Stapleton presents a comparative study of the role of tracking in insurgency and counter-insurgency across Kenya, Zimbabwe and Namibia.
One reviewer used to frequent here and in this post cited in part:
This book does an excellent job at weaving all the historical facts and figures around the players. It details the complete evolution of tracking as an effective counter-insurgency tool. The coverage on Kenya's military and game tracking programs was very revealing, as I personally have read little about the backside history of the employment combat tracking in that conflict. As well, the sections on Rhodesia were also very enlightening with tons of information I was unaware of, as it relates to the development of tracking in the Rhodesian Security Forces from pre-Tracker Combat Unit to the Selous Scouts.
Link:https://www.amazon.com/Warfare-Track...s%2C229&sr=1-4
The reviewer suggests readers track down the author's earlier article; free via this link:https://mantracking.files.wordpress....uth-africa.pdf
Last edited by davidbfpo; 05-29-2019 at 10:58 AM. Reason: Partly copied to Rhodesian & namibia threads.
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