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Home Christian news Will Katy Perry turn back to God after court loss to Christian...
Will Katy Perry turn back to God after court loss to Christian rapper?
Katy Perry glitz.
By Michael Ashcraft —
In a court decision with implications for Christian Hip Hop at large, Flame won a plagiarism suit against pop star Katy Perry, who stole his beat from "Joyful Noise" and included it in her #1 song "Dark Horse," according to a Los Angeles jury.
Damages were set at $2.78 million, but Perry and her team will appeal.
It was a victory for Flame, whose real name is Marcus Gray. But it is also a resounding validation for Christian Hip Hop (CHH), which gets criticized for being copycat, unoriginal, even corny. Perry extracted Flame's 2008 synth beat almost unaltered for her 2013 song, whose video was the first of a female artist to reach a billion views on YouTube.
The brazen robbery of intellectual property proves once and for all that CHH is a source of creativity, not knockoff.
Flame turned down a $1M offer from secular producers because they wanted to limit his mention of Jesus.
Apparently it was Flame's DJ at the time Cho'zyn Boy who sniffed out the fraud. He dissected the two songs and found that the only difference in the beat lines was "Dark Horse" sped up its tempo from 66 BPM to 76 BPM and dropped pitch down one decimal from Db to C, according to Rapzilla.
Perry and her lawyers argued that her song-writing crew never heard "Joyful Noise" and didn't even know of Flame. They contended that beats can sound similar from one song to the next.
Flame's lawyer hog-washed such claims, saying the music diva thought she could get away with highway robbery because Flame was a low-level musician – and a Christian.
"They're trying to shove Mr. Gray into some gospel music alleyway that no one ever visits," argued Michael A Kahn, as reported by the Guardian. Flame's video reached 2 million viewers and was too widely known for jurors to believe Perry.
But behind the court conflict, there's an epic battle going on that transcends a significant payout for the Christian rapper who turned down $1 million from secular producers that offered him a contract on the condition he tone down the Jesus talk.
Behind the settlement and intellectual property infringement, there is also an epic war for the precious, prodigal soul of Katy Perry.
Oddly enough, the mega star once called herself a Pentecostal Christian, a daughter of ministers — and she performed on Trinity Broadcasting Network under her given name Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson.
After she met with virtually no success in Christian circles (her first album reportedly sold 200), Perry turned her back on her childhood faith and sold out for glitter and gold.
Perry: the prodigal daughter.
She adopted a new image, cast as the modern American female sensation: beautiful, entertaining, controversial, vocals not necessary (because auto-tune fixes everything). She descended into the trash and smiled for the paparazzi.
Starting on Capitol Records with the lesbian-curious "I kissed a girl," Perry shocked and intrigued her way to selling 7 million copies of her breakout album One of the Boys.
In 2015, she performed the Super Bowl XLIX halftime show to 118.5 million viewers in the US, more than watched the football final itself. She surpassed Justin Bieber on Twitter traffic, becoming the first to hit 100 million followers in June 2017.
She flaunted a sexualized aura all the way to the top of the world.
Meanwhile, she began to traipse recklessly over Christians of all colors and stripes. She fell in love with a chateau-type monastery and offered to buy it with $14.5 million cash. The few remaining Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary weren't as thrilled as the L.A. Archdiocese headquarters about the offer and sued to stop its sale.
"Katy Perry, please stop," 89-year-old Catherine Rose Holzman pleaded outside a courtroom in 2019. "It's not doing anyone any good except hurting a lot of people." (Holzman had previously accused Perry of having "blood on her hands" and despite having "all this girl power, she's running over a woman and five nuns.")
She was an ardent supporter of Hillary.
Within hours of pleading for her convent outside the Los Angeles court, Holzman collapsed and died.
The fact that Perry stole Flame's song reveals the blatant disregard for anything Christian. "Dark Horse" has Egyptian themes and occult symbols galore in the video. What happened to any vestige of Christian heritage?
Actually, it's not gone, though suppressed beneath the giddiness of being on top of the world. The Spirit of God loves and pursues prodigals and will undoubtedly use Christians in her orbit to woo her home.
It will be like God if Flame's legal win against Perry involves more than dollars. It may be one of a series of circumstances calling a wayward Christian back to her Father's embrace.
Michael Ashcraft supports his passion for Christian journalism with a bamboo steamer business.
Chozn Boy
Flame's lawsuit
Michael Kahn
One of the Boys
Perry plagiarism
Super Bowl XLIX halftime show
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Abbottville by Boris Frankel
Boris Frankel
Tony Abbott's twenty-first-century Australia could be an updated incarnation of the film Pleasantville. Instead of 1950s America, Abbottville is a sanitised, stable suburban and rural world based upon existing forms and levels of consumption and production. It is free of climate-change concerns, 'boat people', political dissidents and unassimilated Indigenous Australians. Yet, unlike Pleasantville, Abbottville can't always be pleasant. Sacrifices must be made by society, especially by workers and welfare recipients if the loyal business defenders of the realm are not to be undermined. Is Abbottville new or merely an extension of previous forms of socio-economic policy in Australia?
Looming over the Abbott government and Australian society is a genuine crisis that makes the dispute over the phoney 'budget emergency' look insignificant. The highly ideological 2014 budget completely ignores, as David Spratt warns, the 'real budget emergency'. Leading climate scientists are alarmed that carbon emissions are already so high that the global carbon budget for burning fossil fuels has run out and with it the possibility of preventing a dangerous 2-degree-Celsius degree rise in the earth's temperature. Unfortunately, our blinkered major political parties, business lobbies and media refuse to see the global carbon-budget emergency because they are preoccupied with the self-interest of parochial budget figures.
Untroubled by environmental concerns, Hockey's budget rests on traditional 'back to the future' scenarios. The mining industry will continue driving fossil-fuel exports and domestic energy consumption. Agribusiness is also firmly in place, as is a dangerously myopic infrastructure program that promotes the road lobby and the property-industrial complex fuelled by the finance sector. Previous ALP governments made token gestures to a knowledge economy, public transport and green capitalism based on a small renewable sector. Abbott and Hockey reject subsidies for manufacturing and dislike renewables and scientific research. Tellingly, as admirers of market innovation their punitive cuts to education are counterproductive. This worries them little as, so far, they envisage only budget savings but no new industries.
After Kevin Rudd's all talk and chaos and Julia Gillard's calculating conservatism, Abbott promised 'government by adults'. Instead we see incompetence, breathtaking arrogance and old-fashioned bad government. Abbott's first year has been characterised by vindictive 'payback', unbelievably embarrassing political mistakes and broken promises. There is a dearth of original ideas. Even their signature idea of ending 'the age of entitlement' was borrowed by Joe Hockey from Republican Mitt Romney's anti-entitlement strategy announced in 2011. Still, one does not need original ideas if your business and media allies help frame your policy agenda and the goal is to shore up privileges while inflicting pain on workers, the unemployed and disadvantaged minorities.
Much is made of Abbott's Catholicism. Certainly, right-wing Catholics now dominate cabinet positions and policy advisory positions in a formerly Protestant party, but Catholicism is far too limited as an explanation. Abbott's mentor, B. A. Santamaria, was strongly opposed to the free market and finance capital, women's equality and cultural liberalism. By contrast, Abbott and other Catholic ministers largely subordinate the vestiges of pre-1980s Catholic doctrine to the pursuit of market values. While Catholic anti-Communism lives on in the form of loyalty to the American alliance, there is no unanimity among the Catholics in the Coalition government on a range of issues such as the monarchy, gay marriage, the parental-leave scheme, subsidies for manufacturing, foreign takeovers of Australian companies or the harsh treatment of unemployed youth.
Abbott the patriarch may preside in private. However, his public role as personal fitness fanatic makes him the standard bearer of the modern market individualist health regime. No 'molly coddling state' to protect public health for him. Instead, market ideology demands that individuals take care of themselves, thus leaving the dominant food-processing, alcohol, pharmaceutical and 'natural therapies' industries free to sell and promote unhealthy products with minimal regulation. Similarly, any religious values concerning the welfare of animals and the environment come second to profitable factory farming, live animal exports and genetically modified food.
Abbottville's Genealogy
While it is necessary to highlight the Abbott government's specific ideological priorities, it would be a serious mistake to ignore the unpalatable truth that the Abbott agenda is merely a sharp extension of policies previously pursued to a lesser or greater degree by both Coalition and ALP governments since 1976. This is because there has never been a truly universal social-welfare, health and education system that Abbott could tear apart. Recall that Malcolm Fraser dismantled Whitlam's Medibank and also specific federal assistance for housing, community welfare and education by creating block grants for the states. From Hawke and Keating via Howard to Rudd and Gillard, means-tested policies and a two-class health, education, housing, aged-care and retirement-income system have prevailed. Abbott's attempt to abdicate federal responsibility is merely a variation of the long Coalition tradition of thwarting progressive national legislation by hiding behind states' rights.
Like earlier governments, Hockey maintains macro-economic settings of low tax revenue and expenditure levels as a proportion of GDP. For decades, Australia has consistently collected 7 per cent to 8 per cent less revenue than average rates in OECD countries. This translates into a loss of approximately $105 to $120 billion in additional revenue per annum that could comfortably fund a raft of urgently needed social policies while making our cities environmentally sustainable.
Instead of inaugurating a fundamentally new public-policy era, Abbottville is the logical conclusion of a disastrous policy framework first inaugurated in 1983 by Hawke and Keating. For thirty years this policy framework has led to the marketisation and pricing of nearly all social activities. While Menzies, Whitlam and Fraser look like socialists with their top marginal tax rate of 65 cents, it was Hawke and Keating who launched the long, crazy race to the bottom with tax cuts and the substantial shift to regressive user-pay practices. After Howard and Rudd pitched in, revenue decreased as a percentage of GDP and increased debt is now used as an ideological weapon to constrain the delivery of vital public programs. Despite clamouring for tax cuts for decades, business groups now recognise this revenue shortfall. Yet, with breathtaking audacity they still demand a reduction of company tax rates while passing the main tax burden on to low- and middle-income people in the form of an extended GST.
Hawke and Keating naively believed that a neoliberal 'modernisation' of the economy would provide a durable safety net for disadvantaged Australians. Unfortunately, Australian society has experienced three decades of the hollowing out of public services and civic life. Voters can barely remember when society was still something distinct from the economy, when education, health, the arts and sport were not 'industries', or when childhood and old age were not measured in dollars and cents and measured by the market as merely aiding or impeding productivity. Short-sighted commentators and 'true believers' ignore these fundamental changes and are dazzled by Paul Keating's style and sharp tongue. Abbott may look like a crude bogan next to the suave Keating, but despite their differences on a range of issues, Abbott still operates within the political-economic framework created by Keating and embellished by Howard, Rudd and Gillard.
The post-1983 restructuring of the public and private sectors has not only helped produce the crises we face today. More alarming is that this policy framework is fundamentally obsolete and is a profoundly dangerous impediment to the ability of Australia to cope with environmental and socio-economic challenges. Singling out Abbott for criticism is misleading when previous governments slashed public-sector jobs and cut or froze welfare entitlements, such as those for sole parents and the unemployed. Thirty years of either half-hearted policies or profound opposition to moving our industries and cities away from dependence on fossil fuels is the legacy bequeathed to Abbott. Today, we witness the final round of federal and state public-asset sales. With few federal assets left to sell, Abbott is reducing dozens of publicly funded programs, thereby ending the last vestiges of the pre-1980s 'mixed economy'. He is particularly eliminating advisory bodies that interfere with corporate practices, especially in areas such as food, health, environment, the arts, assistance to refugees and justice for other marginalised groups.
Why the attack on social welfare?
Australia never had a comprehensive universal welfare system, let alone a socialist redistributive system. Hence, during the period 1983 to 2013 it was relatively easy to implement what Ruth Levitas (The Inclusive Society? Social Exclusion and New Labour) calls the social integration model. Hawke and Keating pioneered this model before Blair, while Howard, Rudd and Gillard continued this policy to a lesser or greater degree. The social-integrationist model is fundamentally work-centred. Social exclusion is narrowed to those out of paid work, thus masking or ignoring large income inequalities between those in paid work, let alone the larger social inequalities based upon class, gender and race. It ignores unpaid care work in the home and society and the deep inequality of power flowing from the fact that some own and manage capital and most do not.
The Coalition combined social integration with the 'moral underclass model' that centres on the moral and behavioural delinquency of the socially excluded. According to Levitas, this is a highly gendered discourse whose demons are the so-called criminally inclined unemployed young men and sexually and socially irresponsible single mothers for whom paid work is considered necessary as a means of social discipline, and as a means of inclusion in the moral and cultural aspects of society. Their self-exclusion is seen as unacceptable (and threatening), both economically and morally. The generalised label 'underclass' has long thrown together the drug-addicted, sole parents, homeless youth and other social groups who often have little in common except their low income and political and cultural marginalisation. While the ALP emphasised work-centred social integration, the one clear exception was the use of the moral-underclass discourse by Howard, Rudd and Gillard to justify the Intervention against Indigenous communities.
Now Abbott combines a budget savings strategy and the moral-underclass discourse as a justification for harsh policies for unemployed youth and families with children over the age of six. Abbott has broken with Howard's electoral strategy of using family tax benefits as a means of maintaining a conservative vision of families behind the white picket fence. Why? One reason is the economic pressures coming from business lobbies wanting significant cuts to welfare as part of their obsession with the size of the deficit. The other reason is that Australia never fitted into what Esping-Anderson called the three worlds of welfare (Scandinavian social democracy, Anglo-American liberalism and the social conservative model in the Netherlands and Germany). Australia had its own 'wage earners' welfare system (Castles) where central wage fixing spread income to most workers. This no longer exists except for those on the minimum wage.
In 2000, Ian Holliday argued that there also existed a growing 'productivist world of welfare' in Asian countries. Member countries of this 'productivist world' share an overt subordination of social policy to economic and industrial objectives. These countries have authoritarian and colonialist traditions, and lack a history of strong democratic social policy rights. As Australia's relationship with these countries is now paramount in economic terms (although militarily and diplomatically still subordinate to the United States), Abbott and his key business allies now wish to implement a mixture of the productivist and moral-underclass models as a modification of the previous social-integrationist approach. The parliamentary ALP attacks the unfairness of Abbott's policies, but it fails to acknowledge that its own social-integrationist approach is merely a softer version of the unjust productivist and moral-underclass approaches.
Abbott and Hockey's authoritarian demand to end 'the age of entitlement' is also linked to a cost-cutting strategy to devolve education, health and welfare delivery back to the states, just as in the United States where there is significant disparity between the fifty states on levels of government support for social welfare, health and education. Other industry groups prefer national welfare, education, training and industrial-relations systems to facilitate efficiencies and standardise policies.
Previously, the Business Council of Australia was happy to use the ACTU/ALP Accord as the vehicle for implementing a neoliberal socio-economic agenda. Today, business has no need for even the facade of an Accord, given weak unions, high levels of precarious casual labour, self-employed contractors and imported contract workers. The ALP also rejects a new Accord, as the parliamentary party does not want to be painted by the media as a puppet of the ACTU.
Globally, many business leaders and politicians admire the economic record of authoritarian regimes like China, which are unimpeded by democratic elections. This is a retreat to the 1930s, when conservative politicians like Menzies voiced their admiration of fascist regimes. As a character in President Obama's favourite TV show, House of Cards, comments: 'Democracy is so overrated'. Little wonder that Abbott's ministers such as Scott Morrison have contempt for the electorate being kept informed while immigration policy is militarised (like the Intervention against Indigenous Australians), and George Brandis champions the right of people to be bigots.
Friends and enemies—strategic implications
There is much invested in the Abbott government by business groups and cultural warriors. A ruthless strategy to restructure social welfare, enhance the power of the finance sector and further marketise key policy areas is under way. Remember: Thatcher's agenda was not merely to restructure the British economy. She set out to either destroy British Labour or at least make it extremely difficult for Labour to reverse her policies. So, too, Abbott and his allies recognise that the Coalition's future success depends on the ALP and the Greens being unable to challenge or reverse Abbott's strategy without proposing significantly unpopular tax increases or threats to the entitlements of business and sections of the electorate.
Being an anti-ALP and anti-Greens government, Abbott's government knows what it does not like and has carefully prepared a timetable to dismantle the ALP's signature policies and parts of its cultural agenda. Rudd and Gillard made it very easy for Abbott to come to power because they largely squandered their six years of power. In particular, they utterly failed to increase significantly the tax base (the botched mining tax being only a minor element). Hence, they juggled the budget forward estimates so that big spending programs only started to have an impact two or three electoral cycles later in some distant future. None of their big-ticket items—whether Gonski, National Disability, reducing carbon emissions—were funded adequately or designed to really tackle deep-seated problems. Consequently, electoral coalitions could not be built to defend the government well before 2013. Abbott has learnt from Labor and adopts the same forward-estimates strategy. However, instead of increasing funding in the next electoral cycle, Abbott deepens his regressive funding cuts from 2017 onwards.
'Friends'
The impoverishment of the Abbott vision makes the pursuit of the austerity state a very fragile electoral proposition. It will succeed, however, if Abbott is lucky, and especially if his fair-weather 'friends' do not desert in the face of escalating popular resistance. The luck I refer to is the absence of another major global economic crisis of the sort that blew the Rudd and Gillard governments off course. Financial analysts forecast 2015 to be a volatile year economically, followed by rapid growth in Europe and the United States in 2016. However, bets are off for China. A Chinese medium-to-hard landing cannot be ruled out. Any decline in Chinese growth from 7.5 per cent to 6.8 or 5 per cent would result in Australian unemployment reaching as high as 10 per cent, investment properties dropping 25 per cent, the dollar slashed to $US0.80 (causing rising inflation due to more expensive imports), and the Reserve Bank cash rate falling to near zero levels as in the EU and Japan. Abbott's obsession with the surplus would be blown apart and, combined with a decline in consumer confidence, would spell electoral disaster. It is foolish enough that Abbott has already antagonised his formerly strong electoral base among the over sixties. A low or zero cash rate would anger self-funded retirees, whose investment income would seriously decline.
Similarly, the Hockey strategy of delivering a future budget surplus rests on tax revenues flowing due to projected growth rates. Two crucial factors will undermine this optimistic scenario. Any increase in unemployment or household savings (because people fear becoming unemployed) will reduce tax collections. Discretionary consumption would decline, thus alarming Abbott's allies in exposed sectors, especially small businesses in retailing, property, tourism, hospitality and personal services. Secondly, as Steve Keen points out, regular budget surpluses based on expenditure cutbacks reduce public debt but force up household and business private debt. Assuming there is no recession to upset Hockey's forecasts, Australia's private debt would balloon from 145 per cent in 2013 to 250 per cent of GDP by 2025. So much for the Abbott mantra of reducing debt!
Perhaps the most revealing aspect of the Abbott policy strategy is the myopic and narrow agenda promoted by the Coalition's business allies. Reading the pre-budget submissions and the submissions to the Financial System Review is an illuminating testament to narrow selfish interests combined with contempt for broader social and environmental needs. Clear winners in terms of policies adopted in the Hockey budget were the Business Council of Australia (BCA), the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI) and the Minerals Council of Australia. Far less successful was the Australian Industry Group (AIG), which was the only major lobby to call for education and training, R & D and support for renewable energy and cuts to carbon emissions. Pursuing the World Economic Forum's 'neoliberalism with a human face', the AIG's base is the manufacturing sector, which is distinctly neglected by Abbott. Conversely, the ACCI, representing small and medium businesses in the service sector, pursues a hard right-wing agenda like the Institute for Public Affairs. It opposes a range of social-welfare policies and, for purely ideological reasons, other small businesses operating in the renewable-energy sector.
Overall, business lobbies were able to secure protection of fossil-fuel subsidies and tax policies especially favouring the finance sector. This was done by leaving superannuation benefits for high-income people secure for at least another five years, guaranteeing the continuation of negative gearing (95 per cent of credit growth since the decline in mining investment has now gone to the property sector). On the Australian Stock Exchange, financials now make up a massive 38.7 per cent of the top 200 stocks, a far higher proportion than financial stocks in the United States. Any future government that threatens this dominance could suffer electorally, as bank stocks play a prominent role in super-fund and personal-investor holdings.
'Enemies'
As for Abbott's 'enemies', they still adhere to obsolete organisational practices and policy agendas that are 'one society or historical stage behind our current lived experiences'. For too long the peak environment, social-welfare, labour-movement, development-aid and human-rights bodies have got used to politely courting Labor governments and sympathetic Coalition politicians. Apart from the occasional street march, many conduct their political lobbying as if they were in a university seminar. Dozens of detailed reports are regularly prepared by NGOs on endless topics, from social-welfare needs to climate science and the benefits of foreign aid and the arts. Government ministers consign most to these reports to the rubbish bin. Crucially, Abbott's 'enemies' have failed to come to terms with the following characteristics of the new global phase of capitalism:
1. Capitalism and democracy are becoming increasingly incompatible and business wants to completely free itself from democratic regulation;
2. International investors in bonds and currencies, or those industries primarily geared to exports rather than domestic consumption (e.g. the resources sector), have little vested interest in maintaining decent social welfare, health and public services;
3. In those domestic sectors of the market where competitive pressures are greatest, an increasing percentage of profits and market viability depends on favourable government policies such as reduced taxation, reduced regulation over labour costs, minimal consumer protection and fewer restrictions over services and the marketing of new financial products;
4. In contrast to weak resistance in Anglo-American countries, European and Latin American countries have witnessed an escalation of desperate forms of public resistance to austerity measures (riots, occupations, torching of luxury cars and homes of the rich, smashing expensive shops and hijacking food trucks), thus placing governments on notice that there is a limit to their toleration of austerity (is this the future that awaits Australia?);
5. The rise of the anti–big business populist Right parties also simultaneously weakens both the mainstream Left and the corporate sector's ability to shape policies.
Despite knowing from 2010–11 that Abbott was going to win, social movements succumbed to the same old ineffective politics. The Abbott government now privately derides and disparages them, thus leaving them with no plan B, not just to fight back against the Coalition but also to prepare strategic policies regardless of an Abbott or future alternative government. Abbott's contempt for climate science particularly renders existing practices of the ACF and other peak environment groups irrelevant. They are now belatedly turning to grassroots community activism but still have a long way to go. The same is even truer of the Australian Council of Social Services (ACOSS). How they can maintain their alliance with the BCA—formed in 2012 by Cassandra Goldie (ACOSS CEO) and Tony Shepherd, yes, Tony Shepherd of the recent infamous National Audit—is beyond belief after ACOSS's welfare constituents were savaged by Hockey and Shepherd. How also to understand well-intentioned people like Tim Costello, Paris Aristotle or Robert Manne, who undermine their long moral commitment to the poor or asylum seekers by now advocating naive and immoral policies? Does Costello think a broadened GST will restore foreign-aid cuts and that a regressive tax is OK because, as he stated, poor people do not eat much fresh food? Or what of Paris Aristotle and Robert Manne, who legitimised the offshore hellholes on Manus Island and Nauru, even though they oppose Scott Morrison's harsh methods?
Certainly the labour movement has belatedly organised protests to combat Abbott. However, the real danger for the ACTU and ALP is that they will do a Beazley and think that they will be re-elected on Abbott's unpopularity. A timid opposition front bench will have to be dragged screaming before it proposes increased tax revenue and abandons its conservative-climate change and social-integrationist welfare policies. Similarly, the Greens will have to devote much more energy to extra-parliamentary campaigns, especially outside their inner-city strongholds. Abbott's 'enemies' will have to formulate clear alternative revenue-raising measures, not just by closing privileged entitlements but, by using a creative set of massive capital raisings (a minimum of $50 billion per annum or less than 3 per cent from the $1.7 trillion superannuation system) in the form of compulsory levies, social-infrastructure bonds and so forth, in return for continued favourable tax treatment. There are numerous imaginative ideas for how to simultaneously fund and organise urban and regional community housing, social services and environmentally sustainable infrastructure without falling back on the old bureaucratic state and federal department processes. Building community alliances through the promise to deliver community-designed social agendas is potentially the basis for a successful political strategy as well as a political necessity to combat climate change and dilapidated public services.
Abbott's fair-weather allies put in their ambit claims precisely because there was little opposition from labour and social movements over the past six years. A new message of consistent public opposition and campaigning in strategic marginal parliamentary seats as well as outside prominent corporate and industry-lobby headquarters is required. New disruptive campaigns must be organised, such as ending the dominance of the IPA and right-wing commentators on the ABC and combatting their commercial-media outlets. Regular protests could occur whenever Abbott and his ministers attend public functions. Finally, Abbott has taught his opposition a powerful lesson: quiescent, nice people come last. However, strong opposition is only half an answer unless popular resistance has a set of socio-economic and environmental goals. This will require a major rethink of strategies and policies. The age of comfortableness is over.
More articles by Boris Frankel
Categorised: Arena Magazine, Arena Magazine Feature
Tagged: Boris Frankel, budget, climate change, Coalition, fossil fuels, Joe Hockey, labour movement, marketisation, mining industry, mining tax, neoliberalism, social welfare, Tony Abbott, unions

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Home News Confusion In House Of Reps Over Water Resources Bill
Confusion In House Of Reps Over Water Resources Bill
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There was confusion on Tuesday over the Water Resources Bill as two leaders of the House of Representatives sharply disagreed over public hearings on it.
The Deputy Majority Leader of the House of Representatives, Peter Akpatason in an interview with The PUNCH, said public hearings would be held on the controversial bill, which was abandoned by the eighth National Assembly.
The Chairman of the House Committee on Rules and Business, Abubakar Fulata, who reintroduced the bill on July 23, 2020, said there would be no more public hearings on it.
He said a public hearing on the bill was held in the eighth National Assembly, adding that there was no need for another in the current ninth assembly.
But some National Assembly members from the Middle Belt and southern parts of the country vowed to resist any attempt to pass the bill.
The executive had in 2017 presented the controversial bill to both chambers of the National Assembly. The bill seeks to transfer the control of water resources from the states to the Federal Government.
The Senate on May 24, 2018, considered the executive bill for second reading, during which senators were divided across regional lines.
While northern senators supported the proposal and its objectives, their southern counterparts opposed it.
The controversy the bill generated frustrated its passage by both the Senate and House of Representatives.
The proposed law is titled, 'A Bill for An Act to Establish a Regulatory Framework for the Water Resources Sector in Nigeria, Provide for the Equitable and Sustainable Redevelopment, Management, Use and Conservation of Nigeria's Surface Water and Groundwater Resources and for Related Matter.'
When passed, it will concentrate the control of water resources around rivers Niger and Benue as well as other water ways which cut across 20 states in the hands of the Federal Government.
The affected states are Lagos, Ondo, Ogun, Edo, Delta, Kwara, Kogi, Benue, Anambra, Enugu, Akwa Ibom, Adamawa, Taraba, Nasarawa, Niger, Imo, Rivers, Bayelsa, Plateau and Kebbi states.
Nobel laureate, Prof Wole Soyinka; and organisations such as Southern and Middle Belt Leaders Forum; the Ohanaeze Ndigbo and the Middle Belt Forum, had last week warned the Federal Government and the National Assembly against bringing back the bill.
Speaking to one of our correspondents, the lawmaker representing Andoni/Opobo/Nkoro Constituency of Rivers State in the House, Awaji-Inombek Abiante, said he was surprised when the bill was brought back to the floor of the House.
Abiante said, "I was in the chamber one morning and I saw someone (Fulata) move a motion, bringing something (the bill) back. I can't find it in any gazette. If there is, they should let me know because nobody knows it all. The attempt was made; they said second reading and Committee of the Whole. It is not procedural as far as I know in this National Assembly. It is against the procedure."
When told that the President, Major General Muhammadu Buhari (retd.), sent the bill to the last Assembly but it failed to pass and that such bills could be revisited by the current Assembly, the lawmaker argued that the process through which the legislation was reintroduced was flawed.
He stated, "Bills that were not passed, you cannot bring them back in the manner in which they have attempted to bring this back. It cannot come back that way. It is only bills that have been passed, which have become an Act of Parliament and which are not assented to (by the President) that can come back in this manner, through a motion.
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"That bill, as it was killed in the eighth Assembly, can never come back this way. So, we should be able to respect our own rules. At least, let us know exactly what we are doing so that we can stand and defend the institution wherever we are."
The lawmaker warned that the proposed law would adversely affect Lagos State and states along the rivers Niger and Benue and their tributaries.
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It was all Kathy's idea to get on the internet and look for other people. I mostly figured out how to actually get her on the internet – with all those wires and cables and … do you remember those heavy monitors?
Windows 98 had not even been invented yet. (Golly. Some of you reading this don't know what Windows 98 is. It turns out you are not missing anything).
Anyway, Kathy got on the internet, and the rest is history. She met up with a few other families, and the next thing you know, we were all packing into the car and driving to Nashville to talk further. Before we left, we had decided to start Nevus Outreach.
Jillian Hauf, an adult with a giant nevus, spoke at the 2016 Conference and helped us overcome our preconceptions by walking on broken glass.
"I thought I was the only one"
"Now that I've found Nevus Outreach I know I'm not alone."
"Nobody knew what I was going through."
"Nevus Outreach is full of people who understand."
Last July we had our 10th conference. It was a huge success and people are still talking about it! I especially liked the presentation by Jillian Hauf, an adult woman who has a giant nevus, who showed us how, by learning to walk on broken glass, she learned to question her own preconceptions.
"I was especially impressed by how eager this group was to get up and walk on the glass. Typically I need to do a bit more coaxing for the first volunteer. This speaks volumes about the Nevus Outreach community being open and receptive to new information, ideas, and techniques to improve their lives and those of their families. There is a culture of trust here, and I understand that takes years to build," noted Jillian.
Looking to the future, we are already making plans for our next conference in 2018. Keeping with our current tradition, we will dig in at Chicago for a while. The next conference will be at the same hotel as the last one.
This time around, we will double the opportunities for people who want to go to the conference to earn credit, in order to reduce their costs when it comes time to attend. Starting now, if you put on a Grassroots Fundraiser of any kind, you can reduce your conference registration fees. You can read more about it in this newsletter.
I'm writing this before Thanksgiving – always a time for reflection. I'm thankful for nearly 20 years of the life-line Nevus Outreach has been to me and my family. Before Nevus Outreach, we felt like we were the only ones, too. It's comforting in so many ways to know we don't have to walk this journey by ourselves. Thank you all for the enrichment you bring to my life and my family.


John O'Boyle/The Star-LedgerSenator Loretta Weinberg comforts Steven Goldstein of Garden State Equality after the gay marriage bill was defeated at the Statehouse in Trenton.
The state Senate on Thursday defeated the gay-marriage bill, 20-14, with three Democrats not voting: Sen. Paul Sarlo of Wood-Ridge, incoming Senate President Steve Sweeney of Gloucester County and Sen. James Beach of Camden County. Two other senators were absent; another seat is vacant.
Sarlo, who voted against the measure last month in a Judiciary Committee meeting, said he had made his opinion clear at that time, and did not need to vote again in the full house. Sweeney said that he had planned to vote yes, but only if the bill needed that final vote.
Garden State Equality has contributed $79,350 since 2005 to legislators, their political funds and political party funds, according to records maintained by the New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission. Goldstein said individual donations from the group's members has brought the total to $500,000.
The Senate Democratic Leadership fund, controlled by Senate President Richard J. Codey, has received the most cash from the organization, a total of $26,500. Money from that fund — soon to be under Sweeney's control when he becomes president next week — is doled out to Democratic candidates all over the state.
Sweeney said he understood that Goldstein had worked hard on the issue.
"I did not mislead. I did not betray," Sweeney said.
Codey — who has received $5,000 from Garden State Equality — spoke ardently for the bill Thursday, but it wasn't enough to sway a majority on what he called a civil-rights issue.
Six Democrats, including John Girgenti of Hawthorne, voted no.
The Assembly Democratic leadership fund, controlled by Speaker Joseph Roberts of Camden County, also has benefited from the organization's contributions, receiving $11,000 in recent years. Garden State Equality also gave $8,800 to the New Jersey Democratic State Committee, another fund that sends cash to candidates statewide. It contributed $3,400 to Governor Corzine's failed reelection campaign this year.
Roberts never posted the bill in his house, saying his poll of the six-member Assembly Judiciary Committee indicated it did not have enough votes to make it out of committee. Roberts did not run for reelection; his term ends next week.
Corzine said he would sign the bill if it reached his desk, but made no public push for passage.


text:
Average U.S. Home Streaming Bundle Sweet Spot: $20-$21
Erik Gruenwedel
With the field of subscription streaming video services growing, new data shows the average U.S. household would spend $20 to $21 monthly for combined platforms — slightly more than 20% of the average pay-TV bundle ($96.18).
Soda.com, in a survey of 1,000 consumers who stream video in the home conducted Nov. 7-9, 2019, found the majority (32%) of respondents would pay $20 or more monthly for combined streaming services, while 30% would prefer not to bundle services and 14% would not pay more than $10 for a bundle.
Notably, 44% of respondents said they use two or more streaming services per week.
With SVOD services ranging from $4.99 for Apple TV+ to $15 for HBO Max, which launches in May, consumers are faced with the challenge of mixing and matching services or prioritizing services based on the user's favorite content.
Netflix is projecting 61.2 million domestic subscribers at the end 2019, with actual figures to be released later this month. That's more than 80% of the combined tally predicted for Hulu (28.5 million), Apple TV+ (10 million), Disney+ (15 million), CBS All Access (8 million), HBO Now (8 million) and ESPN+ (3.5 million), according to CNBC.
In August 2019, there were about 86.5 million traditional pay-TV households — a number that is projected to drop to 73 million by 2023, according to Statista. Most pay-TV subs continue their subscriptions based on habit, premium channels and sports.
The survey contends Netflix remains the best overall streaming service followed by YouTube TV. Sports fans favored sports-themed fubo TV or ESPN+, whiles families sought Amazon Prime Video (Prime membership and free shipping) and Disney+.
Movie fans chose HBO Now (soon HBO Max) and Hulu, while budget-minded respondents opted for Sling TV and Hoopla.
Animated 'The Star' on Disc Feb. 20
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment will release faith-based animated movie The Star on Digital HD Feb. 6, and on Blu-ray and DVD Feb. 20. The film follows a small but brave donkey named Bo (voiced by Steven Yeun of "The Walking…
Hulu Begins Streaming Entire 'Lost' Catalog
Hulu Jan. 4 announced it has begun streaming all 121 episodes of "Lost," the former ABC primetime hit. The series, which helped put co-creator J. J. Abrams on the map, follows the survivors of Oceanic Air flight 815, flying between…
WWE Home Entertainment Posts Q4 Loss
Consumer demand for World Wrestling Entertainment DVDs is waning. WWE home entertainment reported fourth-quarter (ended Dec. 31, 2017) operating loss of $700,000 compared to operating income of $1.9 million during the previous-year period. It was the unit's first fiscal loss.…
Lionsgate's 'The Commuter' Comes Home in April
Lionsgate will release the action-thriller The Commuter on digital April 3 and on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray April 17. The Commuter stars Liam Neeson as a passenger on a commuter train who must fight his way through…


The Milwaukee Museum Trip is coming up soon and if you are planning on going, now is the time to reserve your room. Verne was able to set aside some rooms, which can be seen below (make sure you are logged in). Also, be sure to notify Ashley at Bald Eagle Harley Davidson so there is an exact count on the attendees.
The posters are out for the Bay Cliff Health Camp Raffle. The tickets are available throughout the region (also online) and are $5 each. The winner will be drawn on July 18, 2015 at 4pm at our Bike Show in Little Lake.
The next Friday Fish Fry will be on April 24 at The Bayou in Harvey. It will be hosted by Jacquie and Jim N. Please let them know if you are planning on attending, so they can get a proper count to The Bayou.
The April 2015 Newsletter has been posted in the Member's Area.
Also, voting occurred on the new name for the newsletter at the last chapter meeting. The new name is Superior Thunder, as submitted by Chris and Theresa S.
Welcome to the Superior Chapter Harley Owner Group website. Browse through our website for info on upcoming events and meetings. Look at photos of our group having fun at different events. We have a great club that has a little bit of something for everyone. Our chapter is not just a motorcycle club with fun events, but it's a family oriented club. Our motto is "RIDE and HAVE FUN".
Copyright © 2019 Superior Chapter #3803 Harley Owner Group. All Rights Reserved.


GKA5 and FRT49 certificate - 28 July 1962.
Report Card for the GKA5 and FRT49 trainign course - 28 July 1962.
Comm Tech Ground Graduation diploma - 15 July 1960.
UHF/FMC-57 Graduation Diploma - 27 May 1960.
Comm Tech Ground Graduation diploma - 28 September 1955.
Mobile Microwave Course Diploma - 25 June 1954.
This course was taken at the RCA Victor plant in Camden, New Jersey.
Ryerson College Diploma - 13 May 1953.
This course was part of a transfer upgrade from Performance Checker to Communications Mechanic Ground.
Reverse side of Ryerson College Dipoloma - 13 May 1953.


L'OFFICIEL ART is an original and audacious art magazine that, for the first time, places artists at the heart of an editorial team. Because art has become a real lifestyle, painters and sculptors, architects and designers, video and performance artists relate our present and contemporary cultures through new and singular creations. The different segments of L'OFFICIEL ART propose series of articles, portfolios, reports, interviews and debate among those who make and shape contemporary art today. 16 page English translation.


Paul Pellman is CEO of Click Forensics, a traffic quality management company which released "an upgraded version of its Yahoo! TQ Forecast feature" last week.
AdExchanger.com: Can you explain the problem CF is solving a bit more in detail - with an example? And, how does an ad network send search traffic?
PP: Sure. Most performance-based (cost-per-click) ad networks have a relationship with one or more of the major search ad providers (Yahoo!, Google), either directly with a feed from that provider or through an intermediary. Some networks send all of their search traffic to these feeds (getting back a set of ads from the search provider). Other networks use one or more feeds as a "backstop" for ad categories in which they do not have direct advertiser relationships. The major search providers all employ some form of quality-based pricing which adjusts prices paid by advertisers based on that quality of traffic being delivered from the distribution network. So, for example, ad networks providing traffic to Yahoo! receive a score each week indicating the level of quality that Yahoo! feels they're delivering to advertisers. This score ranges from 0 to 10, with 10 being best quality. This "Yahoo! TQ Score" directly determines how much commission an ad network receives for traffic delivered to Yahoo!.
publisher has traffic that will damage his Yahoo! TQ score and so he may choose to monetize that traffic differently instead of sending it to Yahoo!
What trends are you seeing in terms of traffic quality from display that you track these days?
While we have historically specialized in performance-based advertising (cost-per-click), we are seeing major opportunities in display emerging right now and it's an area we're particularly excited about. "Traffic quality" in the cost-per-click space is largely about eliminating invalid traffic and scoring valid clicks based on their propensity to convert for advertisers. In the display world "traffic quality" is a broader issue. Advertisers need to know more than just: "did that click come from a human or a bot?" They need both audience verification (how many people saw my ad?
how many times were they in the target demographic/geography?) and content verification (was the ad above or below the fold? was the associated content appropriate for my brand? were competitors displayed more prominently?).
We're seeing that ad networks want to apply the same level of performance management to their display campaigns that they've historically applied to their CPC campaigns. The end result is more transparent, measurable results for advertisers.


In 1898, the Army opened a YMCA in the Presidio, where it served the military during the Spanish American War. The facility operated until the YMCA left in 1954 and the building was demolished in 1980. It wasn't until 1997 that the YMCA returned to the Presidio, this time as a community center.
In fact, community is at the heart of what the Presidio YMCA provides people of all ages, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds. More than 20,000 people across San Francisco use the Presidio YMCA's facilities, programs, and services that foster recreation, healthy living, and social connection. No one is turned away due to lack of funds.
The Presidio Community YMCA consists of several facilities around the park. The Main Post Fitness Center features a 3,277 square foot fitness floor with exercise machines, a group exercise room, a weight room, a cycling studio, a stretch room, a basketball court, and a child care center where parents can drop off their kids while they work out. The Letterman Aquatics Center features an indoor six-lane, 25-yard pool, where members can swim laps, get lessons, take aqua fitness classes, and enjoy a therapy pool and hot tub. The Letterman Gym, next door to the pool, hosts a basketball court, youth activities, day camps, bicycle programs, and woodworking workshops. And the Presidio Y offers six tennis courts all around the park.


text:
package com.github.oohira.intercom;

import com.github.oohira.intercom.model.User;
import com.github.oohira.intercom.model.UserCollection;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

/**
 * An iterator class for fetching users.
 *
 * @author oohira
 */
public class UserIterator implements Iterable<User>, Iterator<User> {
    private final Intercom intercom;
    private final String tagName;
    private int index;
    private UserCollection collection;

    public UserIterator(final Intercom intercom, final String tagName) {
        this.intercom = intercom;
        this.tagName = tagName;
        this.index = 0;
        this.collection = this.intercom.getUsers(1, this.tagName);
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<User> iterator() {
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        if (this.collection == null) {
            return false;
        }
        User[] users = this.collection.getUsers();
        if (users == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.index < 0 || users.length <= this.index) {
            Integer nextPage = this.collection.getNextPage();
            if (nextPage == null) {
                this.collection = null;
                return false;
            }
            this.collection = this.intercom.getUsers(nextPage, this.tagName);
            this.index = 0;
        }
        return (0 <= this.index && this.index < users.length);
    }

    @Override
    public User next() {
        if (!hasNext()) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        User[] users = this.collection.getUsers();
        assert(0 <= this.index && this.index < users.length);
        return users[this.index++];
    }

    @Override
    public void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You never know where you'll find yourself on the road. It's one aspect of traveling I enjoy the most. Expecting one thing and getting another teaches you to release control of things outside yourself. I've learned repeatedly that I can only control how I react to each situation I'm in. Better to accept the unavoidable changes of destiny and make the most of them.
Somehow in the past week we found ourselves helping set up for Colombia's Burning Man. The legendary festival from the states found a long-lost brother in Colombia and we arrived just in time to help him get ready for the party. We got lucky volunteering with some amazing people.
Coco building benches in our makeshift work area.
We spent a majority of our time painting signs for the festival. Anything from "First Aid" to koi fish circling each other. Each day all the volunteers ate meals together, wolfing down food after a long day of work. Breaking bread with Colombians never gets old. There's always jokes, laughter, and good conversation.
The festival is held in a pasture on Daniel's property (he puts on the festival). As the week went on, the festival grounds slowly started to take shape. Grass was cleared, showers put up, and eventually, two stages were installed. Long, hot days left people exhausted. We were lucky to be staying at Daniel's house on the property which had a pool and a plethora of beds.
Every evening we watched the sunset and the fireflies light up the grass from the patio. One of the volunteers, Mark, became a good friend of ours. He shared some wild stories about riding his horse solo from Colombia to Peru.
Santi(ago) escaping from the heat.
Before we knew it, Friday had arrived. As we scrambled to get the last of it set up, folks started arriving. Music thundered from the stages and we could feel the bass a hundred yards away in our room. We could tell it was going to be true Colombian party.
Huge trees hung over the two stages which mad a great backdrop.
Throughout our travels we'd learned Colombians love fireworks. As we watched the Man burn that night they proved their love again. With music blaring and neon lights flashing, hundreds of fireworks were shot into the sky and at the Man.
When we signed up to volunteer we figured we'd be helping at a hostel with daily maintenance duties. In reality, we signed ourselves up to help put on Hombre en Llamas. We met amazing people from around the world, danced our asses off through the night, and had an experience we'll never forget. Colombia surprised us in ways we couldn't have imagined.
My mind was consumed by the steep peaks surrounding me. "Where am I?" I thought to myself several times. It felt like the wild west. The occasional rough lookin' cowboy whipping his donkeys carrying heavy loads, barren tan hill sides, and rare sightings of wild horses. But then BAM, 15,000 foot peaks with permanent glaciers on top.
Thankful the trail was mostly flat, I felt like I could actually soak in my surroundings. I wasn't carefully placing my foot to avoid sink holes or stopping every 50 yards to gasp for air. It was a nice stroll through the middle of no where. Nothing around but steep mountains, frequent streams, and endless valleys.
The wind was strong and the air was brisk. Our noses were running, cheeks red, and fingers numb. We tightened our hoods, layered up, and never stopped for more than a few minutes. We talked about how lucky we are to experience all that we have, how much we miss spinach and blueberries, and our dreams of travel beyond this trip.
After approximately 9 miles of pure bliss, a steep ascent lay ahead of us. We had a mile and a half and then we got to soak our bodies in hot springs. "We're almost there" we said to ourselves over and over again. I counted steps to distract myself from the steepness. We climbed closer and closer to Nevado de Tolima. We couldn't see it because of the thick clouds, but we knew it was there.
With the last of the climb behind us our pace picked up, it was practically a run when the hot springs came into sight. I don't think we have ever set up camp so fast. The tent was up with all the bedding laid in a matter of minutes.
We quickly submerged ourselves into what felt like scalding hot water to our numb bodies. Sweet relief. My feet have never been so happy with me. The therapeutic water relaxed all our sore muscles and put us into a dreamy state. It was 4pm and I was ready for bed. After at hot meal and a mellow sunset, to my sleeping bag I went. We competed in a few games of cribbage before turning the head lamps off and drifting into a sweet sleep.
The night was cold but the morning was colder. Below freezing outside, we were snug and warm in our sleeping bags when the alarm went off at 5am. Reluctant to get out of our cocoons, we couldn't have been happier we did. The sunrise from a nearby look out point had us hootin' and hollerin'. The sun rising from the east lit up the three snow capped peaks surrounding us. Tolima which seemed close enough to touch, Nevado Isabel far but stunning, and Paramillo del Quindio that lay majestic under the nearly full moon.
With each minute that passed by we couldn't believe our eyes. Each ray of sunlight lit up the layers of the valleys, the crevasses of the shear peaks, and odd plant life that lives at this elevation. Before descending back to camp we said a quick thank you to the mountains for all the beauty and joy they brought us.
We packed up camp quickly, soaked our numb toes whilst eating hot oatmeal. We knew we had a long day of hiking ahead and wanted an early start. After a quick goodbye to Hernandez, the man who lives in a small shack next to the hot springs, we buckled our hip straps and headed out.
Words can not describe the clearness of this day. The sky was a perfect blue, no clouds, and the mountains were crystal clear. I felt like I was wearing special glasses that saturated everything with color.
The downhill began within a half of a mile of the hot springs. Ooosh and I mean straight down. Loose rocks, saturated mud, and frozen puddles made up the majority of the trail. Looking behind us was like a picture from National Geographic. Something you'd never dream of seeing, yet here it was right in front of us. We dropped down into incredible green valleys with grazing cows and crystal clear streams.
After getting a little off track, we stumbled upon a small house where we asked for directions. A kind man pointed us straight up the nearest ridge. He reassured us this would be our last ascent, "everything is downhill from there" he said. We took it slow, our muscles and lungs protesting every step of the way. Once at the top we looked back at the valley below and got a little sad.
One thing about traveling to such remote places such as this, is its pretty likely you won't be back any time soon, if at all. Los Nevados is such a magical place with such rejuvenating energy and we couldn't be more grateful for our time there. With a quick blow of a kiss and a mental picture on top of the thousands of pictures we had taken with our cameras, we turned our backs and began the real descent.
Five hours of nothing but downhill. Wooden logs placed as stairs, jumbled rocks, and mud destroyed by horses that frequent the trails. We transitioned from dry crisp air with hardly any vegetation to warm humid air and jungle like forests. We were descending into a steep, lush, and vibrant green canyon.
With every switch back we got closer to the river at the bottom of the canyon. Nothing felt better than a quick five minute foot soak in the ice cold water. We refilled our Camelbaks and were back on the trail.
After 8 hours total of hiking we reached the small town of Juntas. It consists of one street with a few small stores, a restaurant, and buses going to Ibague. Not knowing what Ibague was we were shocked. After 3 days of complete solidarity we entered a city of 553,000. It was bustling with traffic, street vendors, and prostitutes on the corners.
Long story short, to our surprise there were no buses back to Salento. We hopped on a crammed van to Armenia that arrived 45 minutes late. We got two hours into the drive, waited for an hour while hundreds of semis passed on a one lane road and arrived in Armenia 4 hours later. A little too late for a bus to Salento we exited the terminal to find a hostel and just as we spotted one across the street a guy in his taxi yelled "Salento". Taylor and I locked eyes and asked each other "should we do it?". We just wanted to be back, we wanted a hot shower, our clean clothes, and a place to lay down.
We hopped in the taxi and an hour later we arrived in Salento. The kind man took us to our hostel and wished us a great trip. It was 12:30 am. That day we woke up at 5 am, hiked for 8 hours, and then traveled by bus and car for another 8+ hours. And you know what, we wouldn't have changed one minute of it!
The alarm went off at 5:30, we zipped up our bags, chowed down on some eggs, and were out the door. We began the hike in Cocora Valley (9000ft), famous for the 60 meter palm trees. We asked a few last minute questions, lathered the sunscreen, and shed a layer. The sun was bright and warm.
The trail starts mellow, winding through fields, eventually heading into a dense rain forest. We crossed a small creek several times via sketchy wood planks. The climb was comfortable at first. We were in the shade, the air was cool, and we were full of energy.
Let's just say the trail is consistent… consistently straight up. It's like doing the stair master on the slowest speed with a 30-40 pound pack. When we arrived at Estrella de Agua, we were happy to shed the weight. Estrella de Agua is essentially a ranger station. We gave the park employee our information, our destinations for the next few days, and in return he gave us some information and wished us well. The family living in the very rustic house next to the ranger station was serving up lentils, rice, and plantains to their family. They quickly offered us a bowl for $1.50. Worried that we hadn't packed enough food, we couldn't deny the hot meal.
The family's home and sleepy guard dog.
With full bellies, we felt like slugs back on the trail. Lesson learned, no heavy meals before a steep climb. We navigated through thick mud, winding up the mountainside. After a few hours, we reached the tree line and entered into the paramo. Full of odd shaped plants, brush, and fog coming as quickly as it was going.
Destroyed portion of the trail.
We had heard horror stories about the fog getting so thick you can't see more than a foot in front of you. Of course, that's where my mind goes, so I picked up the pace. The adrenaline was pumping and I wanted to arrive at the campsite before we were one of those lost hikers. No I'm just kidding, but I did get a second wind and the eagerness was real.
We caught up to three French men hiking with a Colombian guide which was a relief to know we were still on the right path. Our destination was Finca Primavera, a small house with a few rooms and a place to pitch a tent.
Final descent down to Finca Primavera.
As we started the final descent, the clouds slowly started to clear exposing Tolima, a snow covered peak. The guide explained that the snow at the top is a permanent glacier and can be summited with the proper equipment. Bucket list. By the time we reached the Finca, the clouds had cleared completely giving us incredible 360 views of the mountains and the valley below. What a reward after 10.5 miles of climbing.
We set up camp while snapping shots of the sunset. I think my body was a little in shock and an intense shiver took over. I layered up, got in my sleeping bag, and boiled water in the tent. Once the sun set, the wind picked up, and Taylor was soon next to me in his sleeping bag fighting off shivers. We moved around like worms warming up our bags and our bodies.
A clear night and nearly a full moon.
A hot meal and a cup of tea put us into a coma. We snuggled up and fell fast asleep. We awoke with the sun rising. We had a slow morning watching the sun light up the peaks around us. While packing we conversed with Colombians who were on an eight day trip through Los Nevados. They invited us to join them at the end of their trek to summit one of the peaks. We exchanged numbers, said our goodbyes, and were back on the trail headed to Termales de Canon.
Tolima and all it's beauty.
The bus ride from Santa Marta to Medellin is long, 16 hours long. Taking the overnight bus helps time pass by a little quicker. The sleep is restless and you'll do just about anything to get comfortable including getting on your knees and resting your head on the seat. However, this only applies to people under 5'5". As we entered into Medellin, there were high rises made of brick as far as we could see. We stepped off the bus at North Terminal, into refreshing cool air. Amen to no humidity.
The metro is the best option for ease of travel throughout Medellin. The rails run through the center of the valley from north and south, with a few lines running east and west. The metro is clean, unusually clean for public transportation. Since then we've learned the locals take extreme pride in their metro. No food is allowed on the platforms and if you put your feet up on the seats while riding, its likely you'll get yelled at. Anyways, the metro is clean, easy to use, and gets you just about anywhere.
Poblado is definitely the 'hippest' and most famous neighborhood of the city. When tourists go to Medellin, they usually end up in Poblado. The streets are lined with international restaurants, hip coffee shops, and nicely dressed business folk. Poblado is part of the 2.5 million inhabitants of Medellin, but you can step off the main roads into quiet, canopy covered side streets. It's refreshing to be in a big city and not be shoulder to shoulder with the masses.
Did we mention all the greenery? It's amazing. The people of Medellin take pride in their trees, much like Chico, California. During the expansion of the city the trees were preserved in order to filter the polluted air from the millions of cars and factories. Brilliant work!
Overall Poblado is a great place to stay in Medellin. We loved the atmosphere plus the ability to easily reach the rest of the city (via metro/uber/taxi).
We hit Medellin in the middle of the rainy season. Therefore, it was raining all day our first day. Apparently it's typical in Medellin. One of the first suggestions on the internet to do was Parque Explora. An indoor exploratorium never fails to entertain so we decided to go for it. When we got there we learned that five major sections make up the complex: an aquarium, physics, mind, film, and time.
Entrance to the time exhibit at Explora.
You can spend a whole day in there trying out the many different interactive displays. Starting with the aquarium we got to stare down eels and stand face to face with fish bigger than Alaina. Learning all these animals were endemic to Colombia was fascinating. The amount of diversity bottled into one building left us oohing and ahh-ing (except for the giant cockroaches).
In order to get some outdoor time we decided to check out Parque Arví. It's a short metro cable ride. The rad thing about heading up to the park via the metro cable is flying over the Medellin "comunas". The hillside below is completely covered by tin roofs and make shift brick walls.
The park is close to Medellín, but remote enough to have the trails to yourself. Every day of the week you'll be able to find at least 10 stalls at the Arví Market. The market is held at the top of the metro cable and boasts local foods and products from the region. Snacking on some delicious food prior to walking around the park kept us full and happy the entire time we were there.
Cheesy good bread at the market.
Poblado is poppin' Thursday through Saturday nights and we got to enjoy a couple nights out. One of the great things about Medellin, and a lot of South America, is sitting in the city plaza with your friends, drinking a beer.
Clubs, restaurants and bars line the streets with well dressed Colombians and underdressed tourists eager to dance. Cover charges are pretty steep at the clubs but people will pay for good music and dancing. It's common to be out until the early morning hours.


text:
Paris Ile de France
16. Trocadéro
17, Avenue Kléber -
Paris -
reservation.raphael@icastelli.net
Email Raphael
Restaurant, 82 rooms - Historical building
Situated a 2-minute walk from the Champs-Elysees and the Arc de Triomphe, this 5-star hotel offers luxury accommodation in the heart of Paris. It offers a panoramic terrace and a gastronomic restaurant. Decorated in a Louis 15th and 16th style, guest rooms feature wooden furnishings and elaborate wall hangings. They include a flat-screen TV and a minibar. Some of the suites feature a balcony, views of the Eiffel Tower and lounge area. The award-winning chef proposes gourmet French cuisine at the sophisticated Raphael Restaurant. Guests can relax and have a snack, tea, drink or just relax in the English Bar's red velvet armchairs. Other facilities at the hotel include free Wi-Fi access, a sauna and a fitness room. Guests have free access to an indoor swimming pool and a spa located in the Majestic Hotel, 160 metres from the property. Charles de Gaulle – Etoile Metro Station is just 400 metres away, providing direct access to the Louvre Museum and the Grand Palais. Trocadero is a 15-minute walk away, which offers one of the best views of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
Facilities & Features Raphael
Private parking,
Free WiFi,
Internet services,
Grocery deliveries,
Invoice provided,
Lockers,
Shared kitchen,
Daily housekeeping,
Laundry,
Family rooms,
Non-smoking rooms,
24-hour security,
CCTV in common areas,
Safety deposit box,
Security alarm,
Mobile app for room service,
This room includes antique furniture in Louis XV and Louis XVI style and a seating area. The en suite bathroom is decorated with mosaic tiles.
It is not possible to add an extra bed to this room.
This spacious room includes antique furniture in Louis XV and Louis XVI style and a seating area with velvet sofas and armchairs. The en suite bathroom is decorated with colourful mosaic tiles and has a separate shower.
The large living area in this spacious room is separated from the bedroom by a sculpted wooden arch. It includes antique furniture in the style of Louis XV and Louis XVI and a large wardrobe. The en suite bathroom has painted tiles and a separate shower.
Deluxe Junior Suite
This air-conditioned suite features, a minibar, a TV with satellite channels, seating area and safety deposit box. The en suite bathroom includes a hairdryer and free toiletries.
Offering city or courtyard views, this double room features a seating corner and bathroom equipped with a bathtub.
A minibar and air conditioning is provided.
Offering a city view, this suite features an independent living room and a bathroom fitted with a bathtub and shower.
Decorated in Louis XV and Louis XVI style, this suite features a separate living room with velvet sofas and armchairs. It features 2 naturally lit bathrooms with a separate shower and offers views of the city.
This suite offers city views and features a spacious living room with a fireplace. The private bathroom is equipped with a separate walk-in shower and the extra features include bathrobes, slippers and welcome amenities.
This suite has air conditioning.
This Duplex suite features a terrace offering views of the Eiffel Tower and the Arc de Triomphe. The private bathroom is fitted with a bath and shower. Extra features include a flat-screen TV with satellite channels, bathrobes and slippers.
Eiffel Tower Suite
This suite features a 75m² private terrace and an Eiffel Tower view. It also has a separate living room with a satellite flat-screen TV. Air conditioning with an individually controlled thermostat is available.
Arc de Triomphe Suite
This suite features a 60m² private terrace and an Arc de Triomphe view. It also has a separate living room with a satellite flat-screen TV. Air conditioning with an individually controlled thermostat is available.
This suite features double entrance, a private terrace and an Eiffel Tower view. It has a bar corner and a separate living room. Air conditioning with an individually controlled thermostat is available. It also features 2 bathrooms with a steam bath and walk-in shower.
Terms and conditions of booking Raphael
Back to Paris
Via email to the following email address: reservations.raphael@icastelli.net


Were You Injured In A Swimming Pool Or Hot Tub?
Swimming pools and hot tubs are as abundant in California as palm trees and actors. But with this abundance is an increased risk of injury or death for children and adults due to negligent supervision or maintenance of the pool and pool area by a property owner.
In 2005, approximately 10 people per day died from fatal unintentional drowning. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that "More than one in four fatal drowning victims are children of age 14 and younger." In most cases, a drowning could have been avoided by simple preventative measures such as proper supervision of young swimmers, self-closing and self-latching gates around pools, and/or locking hot tub covers.
In order to determine whether you or someone you love has any recourse against a property owner or public entity for negligence that led to injury or death, call Avila & Shaddow Attorneys at Law in Woodland Hills. Reach us at 866-450-4LAW for a free initial consultation. We take personal injury and wrongful death cases in Woodland Hills and throughout Southern California.
We understand the devastating physical, emotional, and financial impact that a serious injury or swimming-related death can have upon its victim and his or her loved ones. But the loss of a life or serious injury alone does not mean that someone else is financially responsible for those losses.
In order to hold the responsible party accountable, the lawyers at Avila & Shaddow Attorneys at Law vigorously investigate into the circumstances that led to the accident and utilize swimming pool safety experts and/or accident reconstructionists to assist them in the identification of the negligence, intentional conduct, or safety hazard that caused the accident.
Once it is determined how the accident occurred and whether something could have reasonably been done to prevent it, we relentlessly pursue compensation for past, present and future medical care, financial loss, loss of consortium, and pain and suffering.
Contact us today to speak with a firm attorney about your possible claim. We offer a free, honest case evaluation, and there is no attorney's fee unless we take your case and recover compensation.


Source Mayfield, Jim. Developmental Screening Day. 24 April 1988. Springfield News-Leader Collection. News-Leader, Springfield, Missouri.
Description Kayla Lipscomb, 3, takes a motor skills test at Logan-Rogersville Elementary during a developmental screening day. Published in the News-Leader on April 24, 1988.


Follow the road down the hill, to The Street, at the bottom of the hill on the right.
Turn right onto The Street. The Quiet View is at the top of the hill on the right, past all the houses.
For Groups and new guests of The Quiet View, signs will direct you from the bottom of The Street.
From Canterbury, Dover, Folkestone: Bus 17 stops at the Kingston end of Bonny Bush Hill.
The Quiet View is 15 minutes walk from the bus stop.


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The Wheel of Time Season 2 Cast and First Season Clip
At the New York Comic Con, Amazon Prime Video and Sony Pictures Television today revealed new The Wheel of Time Season 2 cast members and debuted a clip from the upcoming first season. Showrunner Rafe Judkins (Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., Hemlock Grove) made the announcement and revealed the clip, which you can watch below. Ceara …
Read More about The Wheel of Time Season 2 Cast and First Season Clip
The Wheel of Time Season 2 Greenlit by Amazon
As Season 1 wraps production in the Czech Republic, Amazon Studios today announced it has given the green light to The Wheel of Time Season 2. The upcoming fantasy series is based on Robert Jordan's series of best-selling novels (check price at Amazon). Both seasons, co-produced by Amazon Studios and Sony Pictures Television, will exclusively …
Read More about The Wheel of Time Season 2 Greenlit by Amazon


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All fields: precludes
Investigation of the reactivity of nitrogen substituted oxyallyl cations.
Nitrogen compounds. Allyl compounds.
Acquisition and registration of 3D optical surface scanning, MRI, and microwave tomographic imaging for improved clinical breast imaging and surgical planning / by Matthew John Pallone.
Continual improvements to clinical breast imaging technologies have led to ever earlier detections and increasingly accurate localizations of female breast cancers. While these advancements have certainly improved the prognoses of many patients,...
Synthetic studies on sarpagine alkaloids.
Alkaloids. Organic compounds -- Synthesis.
A multivariate analysis of self-selection and change due to college experience.
College students -- Psychology. College environment.
The role of silver ion in the dimerization of benzocyclobutadiene; Various approaches to tetrakis (triflouromethyl) cyclobutadiene
Cyclobutadiene; Silver ions;
Effects of mesencephalic reticular formation and mesencephalic auditory pathway lesions on long- and short-term habituation processes in the rat.
Habituation (Neuropsychology) Mesencephalon. Rats as laboratory animals.
Color centers and thermoluminescence in LiF.
Thermoluminescence. Lithium fluoride.
On the implementation of ALGOL 68.
ALGOL (Computer program language);Computer programming.
Performance decrement following insolvable problems: learned helplessness or failure anxiety?
Failure (Psychology);Helplessness (Psychology)
Determining anthropogenic and natural controls on the global mercury cycle using lake sediment and ice cores ; by Samuel Adams Beal Jr.
While anthropogenic emissions of the toxic element mercury (Hg) to the atmosphere are currently rising, major uncertainties remain in determining the relative impacts of anthropogenic activity and natural processes on the global Hg cycle. In this...
Memory consolidation in temporal lobe epilepsy / by Ali Seçkin Titiz.
Epilepsy is associated with cognitive impairments which often manifest as a higher prevalence of memory impairments. Memory impairments in patients with epilepsy may persist even with sufficient control of seizures, suggesting other factors may...
The RNA binding landscape of the histone stem-loop binding protein / by Lionel (Lee) Brooks 3rd.
RNA binding proteins are fundamental components of crucial biological processes in all domains of life. The development of techniques to study RNA binding protein complexes is, therefore, broadly impactful. I employed multiple genome-wide...
Sex-specific interactions of anabolic androgenic steroids with voluntary exercise and chronic alcohol consumption on anxiety-like behaviors in mice (Mus musculus) / by Marie Morenike Onakomaiya.
The overarching goal of this thesis was two-fold. First, to determine if the effects of chronic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment on anxiety-like behaviors are sex-specific and second to determine how different environmental modulators...
Links and regulatory loops between phospholipase C activity and colonization by the O2-responsive regulator Anr in Pseudomonas aeruginosa / by Angelyca A. Jackson.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a virulent opportunistic pathogen that is frequently cultured from infectious sites, and is estimated to cause ~12% of nosocomial infections worldwide [1]. P. aeruginosa infections occur in a majority of adults with the...
Ground and space observations of medium frequency auroral radio emissions / by Matthew C. Broughton.
The auroral zone is a rich source of natural radio emissions that can be observed in space and at ground-level. By studying these waves, scientists can gain insight into the plasma processes that generate them and use the near-Earth space...
Targeting CFTR endocytic interactions as a therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis / by Lemira Sahar Al Ayyoubi.
Despite the recent FDA approval of the potentiator drug Kalydeco for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), only a small (3-5%) portion of patients benefit from this drug. Other functional classes of drugs including correctors are under clinical...
Pattern avoiding permutations & rook placements / by Jonathan S. Bloom.
In Chapter 2 we look at the distribution of permutation statistics in the context of pattern-avoiding permutations. The first part of this chapter deals with a recursively defined bijection of Robertson [37] between 123- and 132-avoiding...
Molecularly imprinted polymer and applications in nicotine sensing / by Yuan Liu.
Chemical sensing and separation is a constant challenge intriguing many scientists. Through numerous efforts, revolutionary techniques and innovative materials have been successfully developed to solve this old problem. However, a practical but...
The bedrock geology of the Gilmanton 15-minute Quadrangle, New Hampshire.
Geology -- New Hampshire -- Gilmanton Quadrangle.
Development of an apparatus for simultaneous trapping of ⁶Li-⁸⁷Rb Fermi-Bose mixtures.
Trapped ions -- Instruments. Magnetooptical devices -- Design and construction. Atoms -- Cooling. Lithium ions. Rubidium -- Isotopes.
Importance of nest predation to avian population regulation and community structure in a northern hardwoods fores
Bird populations -- New Hampshire; Predation (Biology); Birds -- Nests; Black-throated blue warbler; Chipmunks; Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Magneto-spectroscopy of strain-induced quantum wires and dots.
Quantum wells. Semiconductors. Spectrum analysis.
Magneto-spectroscopy is used to characterize the confinement properties of strain-induced quantum wires and dots. The wires and dots are low energy regions in an ordinary GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well that are formed when microscopic...
An electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation of group 6 (Cr, Mo and W) transition metal complexes.
Transition metal complexes. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
A mechanistic investigation of the ring expansion of vinylcyclopropenes to metallacyclohexadienes and cyclopentadienyl complexes through the use of isotopically labelled ligands.
Organometallic chemistry. Isomerization. Organoiridium compounds. Organoiron compounds. Organorhodium compounds.
Carmichael's conjecture and the unit group function.
Number theory. Numbers.
The Euler '-function and Carmichael -function are extremely important in modern number theory, and much work has been devoted to studying the distribution and arithmetic properties of the values of each function. One interesting unresolved question...
Quantitative risk analysis of computer networks.
Computer networks -- Security measures. Computer security. Risk assessment. Operating systems (Computers) -- Evaluation.
Quantitative Risk Analysis of Computer Networks (QSRA) addresses the problem of risk opacity of software in networks. It allows risk managers to get a detailed and comprehensive snapshot of the constitutive software on the network, assess its risk...
Role of genetic and endocrinological factors in the regulation of rat serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity.
Dopamine.
Investigation of dynamic sea ice processes in the Weddell Sea during 1992.
Sea ice -- Antarctica -- Weddell Sea.
Through a series of case studies, signal processing and statistical tools, analyses of dynamic sea ice processes of drift, deformation, and ice pack expansion and decay are investigated for the Weddell Sea region during 1992. Cavitating fluid (CAV)...
Quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates: Semiquantitative determination of organic material in woodsmoke.
Hydrocarbons -- Analysis. Smoke -- Analysis.
The chronology and stratigraphic evolution of the Kashmir and Peshawar intermontane basins, northwestern Himalaya.
Geology, Stratigraphic. Geology -- India -- Kashmir Vale of. Geology -- Pakistan -- Peshawar.
Experimental observations of the beam-plasma
Plasma spectroscopy. Electron beams.
Dielectric properties of moist soils at RF and microwave frequencies.
Soils -- Electric properties. Soil moisture -- Measurement. Dielectrics.
Effects of chronic anabolic androgenic steroid exposure on GABAergic neurotransmission and neuronal activity in the mamalian forebrain.
GABA -- Receptors. Anabolic steroids -- Physiological effect. Androgens -- Physiological effect. Prosencephalon. Neurotransmitters -- Effect of drugs on. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are derivatives of testosterone originally designed for therapeutic applications to enhance anabolic potency (protein synthesis and muscle growth) while exerting low androgenic (masculinizing) effects. The...
Structural, functional, and biochemical approaches to understanding the role of the C1 microtubule of the flagellar central apparatus.
Microtubules. Dynein. ; Eukaryotic cells -- Motility.
The eukaryotic flagellum is a complex organelle that uses the force generated by dynein motors to cause beating motion of the flagellum. The central apparatus of eukaryotic flagella has been implicated in the regulation of dynein-driven motility....
Isolation and functional characterization of yeast vacuole snare complexes.
Membrane proteins -- Physiological transport. ; Plant proteins -- Physiological transport. ; Biological transport -- Regulation. ; Plant vacuoles. Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Physiology.
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized into membrane-enclosed organelles. Genetic screens and reconstituted biochemical assays have revealed that intracellular protein trafficking is mediated by a conserved mechanism of vesicle budding, transport,...
The effects of social and health consequences on the drinking cognitions and behavior of young people /
Intramolecular general base catalysis of proton abstraction alpha to carbonyl groups.
Carbonyl compounds. ; Chemical kinetics.
Circadian and non-circadian oscillators in Neurospora crassa.
Circadian rhythms. Neurospora crassa -- Genetics. Genetic transcription -- Regulation. Choline. Temperature. Circadian Rhythm -- genetics. Choline Deficiency -- genetics.
The circadian clock of the filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa, consists of a frequency-white-collar ( frq-wc ) based and transcription-translation-derived oscillator. Negative feedback regulation is essential for the oscillatory process, in...
Applications of Cherenkov light emission for dosimetry in radiation therapy / by Adam Kenneth Glaser
Since its discovery in the 1930's, the Cherenkov effect has been paramount in the development of high-energy physics research. It results in light emission from charged particles traveling faster than the local speed of light in a dielectric...
Neuronal interferon signaling : implications for HSV-1 replication and pathogenesis / by Pamela Rosato
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latent infections in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) wherein it retains the capacity to reactivate. The interferon (IFN)-driven antiviral response is critical for the control of...
microRNA in Porifera : evolution of a molecular mechanism in sponges / by Jeffrey Robinson
Sponges are a historically ambiguous taxon, often considered primitively simple representatives of early Metazoa, living fossils from the era before the complex morphological features of the bilaterian phyla appeared in the Cambrian. Yet recent...
Targeting anaphase catastrophe through CDK inhibition in lung cancer / by Shanhu Hu
Aneuploidy is frequently detected in human cancers and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Pharmacological targeting of aneuploidy is an attractive therapeutic strategy, as this would preferentially eliminate malignant over normal cells. Our prior...
The socioecology of Batek hunter-gatherers in Peninsular Malaysia
Identifying the determinants of reproductive success in small-scale societies is critical for understanding how natural selection has shaped human evolution and behavior. The available evidence suggests that status-accruing behaviors such as...
CD8+ T cell responses to acute and chronic viral infections governed by costimulatory signals and CD4 help.
T cells. T cells -- Receptors. CD antigens. CD4 antigen. Immunologic memory. Herpesvirus diseases -- Immunological aspects. Vaccinia. CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology. CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology. Herpesviridae Infections --...
The phenomenon of immunological memory has been known for thousands of years. This knowledge has been applied to vaccination, which has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of deaths due to infectious diseases. Immunological memory is...
Securing operating systems through utility virtual machines / by Robert Denz
The advent of hypervisors revolutionized the computing industry in terms of malware prevention and detection, secure virtual machine managers, and cloud resilience. However, this has resulted in a disjointed response to handling known threats...
A proteomics approach to NIMA-related kinase signaling in mitosis / by Sierra N. Cullati
NIMA-related kinases (Neks) control several aspects of cell division downstream of master mitotic regulators such as Cdk1 and Plk1. Though depletion of Nek6, Nek7, or Nek9 results in cytokinesis failure, to date no molecular mechanism has been...


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Maverick Book Club
Trinity University Press invites you to the Maverick Book Club, celebrating all things Texas. This monthly series of virtual Zoom discussions features intriguing authors discussing the books that are shaping… READ MORE
Arte Kids Wins Texas Center for the Book Literacy Award
Trinity University Press is honored to be the recipient of the fifth annual Texas Center for the Book Literacy Award for our Books to the Border initiative. This $2,000 award,… READ MORE
Read Local Raises Funds for BINC
READ LOCAL merch lets people know you are well-read and support your local book community. T-shirts, stickers, buttons, and more! Proceeds benefit the non-profit missions of Trinity University Press as well as the San Antonio Book Festival… READ MORE
Coleen on What To Read During Self-Isolation
Though it should, it does not dismay me that former students have been e-mailing me to say they are reading (or, for a very, very few) re-reading Defoe's A JOURNAL OF… READ MORE
John Langmore in Texas Monthly
For four years, beginning in 2006, Austin photographer John Langmore trained his camera on a moving target: the city's quickly gentrifying East Side, long home to much of Austin's African… READ MORE
Michael Nye Wins Bolotin Award
The National Federation of the Blind has presented $50,000 in cash awards to individuals and organizations that are a positive force in the lives of blind people and whose work… READ MORE
TUPress Hosts Living Heritage Symposium
Last week, for the second year in a row, Trinity University Press hosted the annual Living Heritage Symposium on the Trinity campus. Presented by San Antonio's Office of Historic Preservation,… READ MORE


text:
Le titre de comte de Worcester a été créé plusieurs fois dans la pairie d'Angleterre. De nos jours, le titre est un titre subsidiaire détenu par le duc de Beaufort.

La ville de Worcester se situe dans le Worcestershire, à l'ouest de l'Angleterre.

Histoire du titre

Le roi Étienne d'Angleterre l'a créé la première fois pendant la guerre civile anglaise dite l'Anarchie anglaise, pour Galéran IV de Meulan, comte de Meulan, un membre de la famille de Beaumont, l'un de ses principaux soutiens dans le conflit pour la couronne d'Angleterre.

Le , Henry Somerset, le  fut créé marquis de Worcester pour son aide dans la restauration du roi Charles II. Depuis le titre de comte n'est plus porté qu'en tant que titre de courtoisie.

Première création (1138)
1138-1153 : Galéran IV de Meulan († 1166), comte de Meulan.

Deuxième création (1397)
1397-1403 : Thomas Percy (1343 – 1403).

Troisième création (1420)
1420-1422 : Richard de Beauchamp († 1422).

Quatrième création (1449)
1449-1470 : John Tiptoft († 1470) ;
1470-1485 : Edward Tiptoft († 1485).

Cinquième création (1514)
1514-1526 : Charles Somerset († 1526) ;
1526-1549 : Henry Somerset († 1549) ;
1549-1588 : William Somerset († 1589) ;
1588-1627 : Edward Somerset († 1628) ;
1627-1646 : Henry Somerset († 1646), créé marquis de Worcester en 1642.

Voir aussi
 Duc de Beaufort
 Comtes et ducs d'Europe

Worcester

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


MemorEyes offers recording times in excess of 3 hours using the fixed internal storage medium at the highest data rates with the highest quality. Much more recording capacity is available at lower data rates.
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