text:
Dem chairman plans criminal referral for Trump backer Prince
Adam Schiff is making a criminal referral to the Justice Department for Blackwater founder Erik Prince, alleging he lied to his committee in 2017
Dem chairman plans criminal referral for Trump backer Prince Adam Schiff is making a criminal referral to the Justice Department for Blackwater founder Erik Prince, alleging he lied to his committee in 2017 Check out this story on detroitnews.com: https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/30/dem-chairman-plans-criminal-referral-trump-backer-prince/39423821/
Melissa Nann Burke, The Detroit News Published 11:07 a.m. ET April 30, 2019 | Updated 4:10 p.m. ET April 30, 2019
In this Nov. 30, 2017 file photo, Blackwater founder Erik Prince arrives for a closed meeting with members of the House Intelligence Committee on Capitol Hill in Washington. (Photo: Jacquelyn Martin / AP, file)
Washington — House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff said Tuesday his panel is making a criminal referral to the Justice Department because he believes Michigan native and businessman Erik Prince, founder of the security firm Blackwater, lied during congressional testimony.
Schiff, D-California, is alleging that Prince, an ally of President Donald Trump, lied to his committee in 2017 when he testified to the committee that a meeting with a Russian banker in 2016 in the Seychelles — an archipelago country in the Indian Ocean — was by chance.
That account was contradicted this month by special counsel Robert Mueller's report, which said investigators found the meeting had been set up ahead of time and that Prince even had preparatory materials on the banker ahead of time, Schiff said.
"I do believe that there is very strong evidence that he willingly misled the committee and made false statements to the committee, and later today we will be making a criminal referral to the Justice Department," Schiff said at a Washington Post event on Tuesday.
"I believe the evidence is so weighty that the Justice Department needs to consider this."
Prince's attorney, Matthew L. Schwartz, said there's no new evidence to consider.
"Erik Prince's House testimony has been public for months, including at all times that Mr. Prince met with the Special Counsel's Office. Mr. Prince cooperated completely with the Special Counsel's investigation, as its report demonstrates," Schwartz said in a statement.
"There is nothing new here for the Department of Justice to consider, nor is there any reason to question the Special Counsel's decision to credit Mr. Prince and rely on him in drafting its report."
The meeting in question between Erik Prince and Kirill Dmitriev, head of the Russian Direct Investment Fund, was set up with help from George Nadar, an adviser to the United Arab Emirates's crown prince, according to the Mueller report.
Dmitriev reported directly to President Vladimir Putin, and Nadar told Prince "the Russians were looking to build a link with the incoming Trump administration."
The Mueller report said Dmitriev was not convinced that Prince was a legitimate intermediary, but Nader told him Price was "very, very well connected and trusted by the New Team" and noted "his sister is now a Minister of Education."
Erik Prince is the brother of Trump's Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. He was not officially part of the Trump campaign, but he had relationships with Trump officials including strategist Steve Bannon and met with transition officials after the 2016 election.
Schiff said the committee had asked Prince if he was trying to establish a back channel of communication with the Russians for the Trump transition, which Prince denied.
"And it's clear from the Mueller report that that was false and misleading," Schiff said.
"In very material ways, I think the evidence strongly suggests that he willingly misled our committee, and the Justice Department needs to consider whether it can make a prosecutable case."
Schiff did say that if Prince gave the Mueller's investigators information "under the condition it not be used against him, then being able to prove the case (that he lied to Congress) might be problematic."
Prince told Mueller's team that he had briefed Bannon on the meeting with Dmitriev.
Bannon, however, told the special counsel's office he never talked to Prince about anything involving Dmitriev or meetings with anyone associated with Putin.
Bannon claimed to Mueller's team that he would have objected to such a meeting if he'd known about it.
Prince and Bannon's "conflicting accounts" could not be "independently verified by reviewing their communications" because messages from that time period no longer existed on Prince or Bannon's electronic devices, according to the Mueller report. Phone records show they had messaged several times.
Regardless, Prince told investigators Bannon instructed him not to follow up with Dmitriev and said he felt Bannon was "uninterested" in the matter.
mburke@detroitnews.com
Staff Writer Jonathan Oosting contributed
Read or Share this story: https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/30/dem-chairman-plans-criminal-referral-trump-backer-prince/39423821/
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text:
November 30, 2018 by Clay
Song of the Day #3,801: 'Bringin' On the Heartbreak' – Def Leppard
I like listening to the album that came right before an artist's landmark work. Like The Police's Ghost in the Machine, covered earlier this week, which preceded Synchronicity. Or Fleetwood Mac, a smash in its own right, but one that lives in the shadow of its follow-up, Rumours.
Everybody knows Def Leppard's 1983 megahit Pyromania, and 1987's Hysteria, which pretty much matched it in sales, but you don't hear much about 1981's High 'N' Dry. At least I haven't.
Hard rock isn't my genre, but there is a muscular appeal to this album I can't resist. Once in awhile I'll throw on a little Def Leppard, AC/DC or Van Halen — guitar bands that don't sacrifice melody for noise — and appreciate the high-volume artistry. Hell, today's song, the album's biggest single, had enough crossover appeal that it was covered by Mariah Carey.
Gypsy, sittin' looking pretty
A broken rose with laughin' eyes
You're a mystery, always runnin' wild
Like a child without a home
You're always searchin', searchin' for a feeling
But it's easy come and easy go
Oh I'm sorry but it's true
You're bringin' on the heartache
Takin' all the best if me, oh can't you see?
You got the best of me, oh can't you see?
You're bringin' on the heartbreak
Bringin' on the heartache
Can't you see?
You're such a secret, misty eyes and shady
Lady how you hold the key
Oh you're like a candle, your flame slowly fadin'
Burnin' out and burnin' me
Can't you see, just tryin' to say to you
Takin' all the best of me, oh can't you see?
Can't you see, Can't you see
No! No! No!
Bringinn' on the heartache
This entry was posted in song of the day and tagged Bringin' On the Heartbreak, Decades, Decades 1981, Def Leppard, High 'N' Dry.
One thought on "Song of the Day #3,801: 'Bringin' On the Heartbreak' – Def Leppard"
I'd never heard the Mariah Carey version of this song before. Kinda cool.
Of the more melodic hard rock bands during this era, I was a far bigger fan of Van Halen and, to a lesser extent, AC/DC and Bon Jovi, than I was of Def Leppard. I was, however, always fascinated by their one armed drummer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are no setlists by Spandecks on setlist.fm yet. You could help us by adding a first setlist ... or whatever you remember!
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text:
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Dr. Vicki Dobiyanski '03 provides administrative supervision for the Memorial Student Center, Department of Student Activities, and University Center & Special Events. In addition to her areas of supervision, she serves as the chair/convener of the Expressive Activities Committee, Activity Resource and Response Team, Concessions Committee, and the liaison to the SAAHE program. She also serves as the Primary Advisor of the Yell Leaders.
Dr. Dobiyanski has over 15 years of experience in higher education and student affairs. Prior to returning to Texas A&M University in December 2019, she was the Dean of Students at Florida State University. She also served as the Director of Student Affairs and advisor to the Student Government Association at FSU. Dr. Dobiyanski was a student government advisor at Texas A&M University and the University of Notre Dame earlier in her career. Dr. Dobiyanski's research interests include campus traditions, student organization advising, and risk management.
In her time away from work she enjoys spending time with her family and being near the water.
E-mail Dr. Dobiyanski at vdobiyanski@tamu.edu.
E-mail Dr. Dobiyanski's assistant, Liz Linden, at elindan@vpsa.tamu.edu.
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text:
Rails.application.routes.draw do
  root :to => "home#index"
  devise_for :users, :controllers => { :omniauth_callbacks => "users/omniauth_callbacks" }
  get '/fb_channel' => 'home#fb_channel', :as => 'fb_channel'
  get '/return_to_admin' => 'home#return_to_admin', :as => :return_to_admin
  namespace :admin do
    resources :users  do
      member do
        get :login_as, :resend_activation, :to_csv
        post :make_admin
      end
      collection do
        get :chart_data
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: GoLand save password in a "Run with sudo" configuration I'm running a program inside GoLand that requires root privileges and I'm trying to configure the IDE to save the sudo password so I don't have to constantly type it in the dialog prompt. I've set it up in the Appearance & Behavior > System Settings > Passwords to use the "In native Keychain". I have a gnome-keyring deamon running with a "Default Keyring" and no password. However the sudo password prompt always appears when I try to run it.
I've also tried the "In KeePass" setting, but it doesn't work either.
Does GoLand support saving the sudo password and if so - any suggestions on what can be done to get it to work with gnome-keyring?

A: GoLand never asks a user for a password. It always delegates this task to an operating system. This means that the IDE doesn't know the password, so it can't store it anywhere. Depending on the OS, one can configure sudo to skip a password check though it can be insecure.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Potential Kidd Denies Scamming US Promoter
Posted by: LiveJamaica in Entertainment, Headlines Jul 19, 2012	1,957 Views
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Dancehall artiste Potential Kidd has denied allegations of scamming an overseas promoter.
The allegations are being made by promoter Dwayne Grant who claims that he had been corresponding with Potential Kidd's manager Angeletta McKenzie since April 2012, to have Potential Kidd perform in the US, how-ever, despite paying the deposit, the artiste did not show up for his event.
"The sum agreed upon was US$6,300 for July 13 and 14, respectively, and a deposit of US$3,150 was sent via Western Union to Small (Potential Kidd's booking agent) on April 27, 2012. After I sent the money, Small introduced me to Angeletta who is Potential Kidd's manager. two months later, we sent another US$600 to put towards airfare, but five days before the show I was told he did not have a visa for the US," Grant said in a release to The STAR.
The Jamaican STAR contacted Potential Kidd's booking agent, Theresa Small, who revealed that she did receive the deposit, however, it was given to Potential Kidd's manager/cousin Angeletta McKenzie.
"I received the money but it was handed over to Angeletta McKenzie, Potential Kidd's manager. As the booking agent, I contacted McKenzie to find out if Potential Kidd was available and she said yes, so during the booking process I did not know that Potential Kidd did not have a US visa. But further down when I reminded her she said that the visa was pending, and assured me that the visa would be ready soon enough because VP Records was sorting that out," Small said.
"I spoke to Dwayne Grant in a three-way conversation with Angeletta (the manager) and she confirmed that she had the money and she would return it. Up until now she has not done so," said Small.
Potential Kidd in his defence expressed betrayal on the part of his cousin.
"Mi never expect that because a mi family, she tell mi sey mi would go to United States and sey if anybody ask mi I should tell dem that I have my visa already. Because she a mi cousin I had no reason to doubt har," said the artiste.
"I don't even have a bank account she has all my money from my shows suh right now mi not even have nuh money. Even Reggae Sumfest mi booked for and mi nuh see nuh money. She book shows inna mi name and nuh pay mi," Potential Kidd said.
The artiste also said that Angeletta McKenzie will no longer be his manager.
"As of July 1, Angeletta McKenzie is not my manager, to conduct business persons should call 565-7101. At this time, I want my former manager to send back di money to di promoter, and I also want my money that I have worked for," he said.
However, McKenzie denied holding access to Potential Kidd's money.
In a release sent to the media, she said, "Potential is a working artiste who is solely responsible for every dollar that is collected by me. I don't have access to any account of his, therefore he will be responsible for any refund of money requested. He handles all his money and whatever money is collected by me is usually passed immediately to him," McKenzie said.
The artiste says he plans to take legal action against McKenzie and expressed that the matter will be reported to the police. In the meantime, Teresa Small expressed that the promoters should stop defaming her character by labelling her as a scammer.
Source: Jamaican Star
Start the discussion ...
Angeletta McKenzie Dwayne Grant Potential Kidd	2012-07-19
LiveJamaica
Jamaica on High Alert For Another Mosquito-Borne Disease
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Be Noble skirts underline once again the feminine fashion style of an elegant Be Noble customer. We have skirts in different lengths and styles as well as materials. Go ahead, show that you are a woman with our skirts.
Skirts are available in different styles and designs. Short and long skirts we present you here.


The Balticland is the 15th foreign flagged vessel to come to Duluth Superior this year. It hasn't been here since 1997 when it arrived under the name Nomadic Pollux. It will be loading grain and weather permitting, will depart the Twin Ports this evening. Photo taken May 14, 2004.


text:
Q: How to fix the usb.core.USBError of thermal printer connected to raspberry pi using USB port I'm having a problem in my thermal printer, I can't print but it's working.
I'm using esc-pos python module https://pythonhosted.org/python-printer-escpos/modules/escpos.html
this is my code
from escpos.connections import getUSBPrinter
printer = getUSBPrinter()(idVendor=0x0fe6, idProduct=0x811e, interface=98)
printer.text("Hello World")
printer.lf()

here's the error I encountered.

Traceback (most recent call last):   File "/home/pi/try thermal.py",
  line 4, in
      printer = getUSBPrinter()(idVendor=0x0fe6, idProduct=0x811e, interface=98)   File
  "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/escpos/connections.py", line
  87, in init
      self.open()   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/escpos/connections.py", line
  106, in __open
      if self._device.is_kernel_driver_active(0):   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/usb/core.py", line 1061, in
  is_kernel_driver_active
      self._ctx.managed_open()   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/usb/core.py", line 102, in
  wrapper
      return f(self, *args, **kwargs)   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/usb/core.py", line 120, in
  managed_open
      self.handle = self.backend.open_device(self.dev)   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py", line
  786, in open_device
      return _DeviceHandle(dev)   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py", line
  643, in __init
      _check(_lib.libusb_open(self.devid, byref(self.handle)))   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py", line
  595, in _check
      raise USBError(_strerror(ret), ret, _libusb_errno[ret]) usb.core.USBError: [Errno 13] Access denied (insufficient permissions)

The Thermal printer I'm using is, https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1799.html
https://www.adafruit.com/product/2751
I hope you guys can help me, I badly needed this on thesis and I'm only new to raspberry-pi.

A: Your Linux user doesn't have access to the USB device, so you need to create an udev rule to grant access.
Create a file printer.rules with the following contents:
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0fe6", ATTRS{idProduct}=="811e", MODE="0666"

And copy it into the rules directory via sudo:
sudo cp printer.rules /etc/udev/rules.d

Then reload the udev rules:
udevadm control --reload-rules && udevadm trigger

Now, every user should have access to the printer.


text:
Q: Pgfplots power of ten label stuck on wrong side of the chart I have a simple chart that has a secondary Y axis with really small numbers. Here's the code that produces the chart:
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[
        xtick=data,
        axis y line*=left,
        axis x line=bottom,
        xlabel=\textbf{m},
        ylabel=\textbf{p\textsubscript{m}},
        ymajorgrids=true,
        xmin=0, xmax=100,
        ymin=0, ymax=0.3
    ]
    \addplot[ybar,fill=blue] coordinates {
        (10, 0.21)
        (30, 0.22)
        (50, 0.24)
        (70, 0.19)
        (90, 0.1)
    };
    \end{axis}
    \begin{axis}[
        axis y line*=right,
        axis x line=none,
        axis line style={-},
        ymin=0, ymax=0.0122
    ]
    \addplot [ultra thick, orange, stack plots=false,line join=round,smooth] coordinates {
        (10, 0.0067)
        (30, 0.011)
        (50, 0.012)
        (70, 0.0093)
        (90, 0.0049)
    };
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

The problem is that the label *10^-2 that goes with the right-side Y axis of the chart is stuck on the left side and I can't think of what to do. Is there a way to fix this?
Also the picture of what's wrong:

A: As I already mentioned in the comment below the question, just add compat level 1.3 or higher to the document preamble to get the desired result.
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
    \pgfplotsset{
        compat=1.3,
    }
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[
        xtick=data,
        axis y line*=left,
        axis x line=bottom,
        xlabel=\textbf{m},
        ylabel=\textbf{p\textsubscript{m}},
        ymajorgrids=true,
        xmin=0, xmax=100,
        ymin=0, ymax=0.3
    ]
    \addplot[ybar,fill=blue] coordinates {
        (10, 0.21)
        (30, 0.22)
        (50, 0.24)
        (70, 0.19)
        (90, 0.1)
    };
    \end{axis}
    \begin{axis}[
        axis y line*=right,
        axis x line=none,
        axis line style={-},
        ymin=0, ymax=0.0122
    ]
    \addplot [ultra thick, orange, stack plots=false,line join=round,smooth] coordinates {
        (10, 0.0067)
        (30, 0.011)
        (50, 0.012)
        (70, 0.0093)
        (90, 0.0049)
    };
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}


Getting to and from Pensacola and the Florida Panhandle is the easy part. Getting around the area and sight seeing on your own schedule may be your idea of a perfect family vacation, honeymoon, or wedding. Use our database to search for your transportation needs around the beaches and sights of the Florida Panhandle and enjoy the Emerald Coast!


text:
June 23, 2010 Film » Film Features
Funny Lady Weeping
An engaging doc captures Joan Rivers' restless spirit
Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work ***
Opens Friday at the Cedar Lee Theatre and at the Capitol Theatre
Joan Rivers — A Piece of Work, Ricki Stern and Annie Sundberg's warts-and-all documentary about the foul-mouthed 77-year-old stand-up comic, opens with a montage of clips from yesteryear. Johnny Carson tells her that one day she'll be a "big star," and headlines proclaim she has paved the way for female comedians everywhere.
Flash forward to the present day, and things aren't so glamorous. The filmmakers follow Rivers as she makes her way into a comedy club through the back door, virtually crawling through an old, half-painted staircase. "This is my career," jokes Rivers when she finally gets onto the ratty stage of the Queens, New York club. "Forty years in the business and this is where I end up!"
Rivers admits that because she leads an extravagant lifestyle (her posh Manhattan flat is fit for a queen) and has numerous bills to pay, she can't stop working. So in an attempt at reinvention, she produces an autobiographical play about her career. While its London debut gets generally positive reviews, it stalls out short of Broadway, sending Rivers into a virtual tailspin and making her so desperate that she's willing to take a gig on Celebrity Apprentice. The bulk of the film, however, provides plenty of vivid, behind-the-scenes moments.
Daughter Melissa Rivers reminds Mom that her motto was "be supportive but not encouraging," and Rivers counters that she was simply trying to protect her daughter. "This is the worst business in the world," says Rivers. "In this business, you're mud your whole life." Rivers also recounts the death of her husband/manager, Edgar Rosenberg, who killed himself in 1987, and she tears up as she talks about having to fire her last manager, Billy Sammeth. But she doesn't give up, something the filmmakers capture quite nicely in this fascinating film.
Send feedback to jniesel@clevescene.com.
Joan Rivers — A Piece of Work
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text:
The Privacy Advisor | What's new in WP29's final guidelines on transparency? Related reading: New WP29 chair talks enforcement, role of the DPO
What's new in WP29's final guidelines on transparency?
schedule Apr 18, 2018
Müge Fazlioglu, CIPP/E, CIPP/US IAPP Staff Contributor
The Article 29 Data Protection Working Party has published its "last revised" guidelines on transparency under the General Data Protection Regulation. When the WP29 released its proposed guidelines last December offering "practical guidance and interpretive assistance" regarding transparency obligations, IAPP analyzed the key issues. In addition to a brief summary of the transparency requirements, IAPP's analysis of the proposed guidelines focused on the meaning of phrases such as "concise, transparent, intelligible and easily accessible" and "in writing or by other means," as well as what information should be provided and when and how to provide this information to data subjects.
In its revised guidelines on transparency obligations, the WP29 expanded and clarified its advice concerning issues such as the requirement that information be "intelligible," providing information to children, changes to Article 13 and 14 information that should be provided to data subjects, and layered approaches to privacy statements/notices in digital and non-digital environments.
Practical Guidance and Interpretative Assistance
It is worth noting that the updated guidelines begin by making a general point about how WP29's guidelines in general ought to be read and used. It explains that the guidelines are "intended to be generally applicable and relevant to controllers irrespective of the sectoral, industry or regulatory specifications particular to any given data controller." In making these guidelines generally applicable, however, specificity may be lacking. Indeed, the WP29 stresses that its guidelines are fundamentally constrained, in that they "cannot address the nuances and many variables which may arise in the context of the transparency obligations of a specific sector, industry or regulated area." Nevertheless, the WP29 guidelines on transparency "are intended to enable controllers to understand, at a high level, WP29's interpretation of what the transparency obligations entail in practice and to indicate the approach which WP29 considers controllers should take to being transparent while embedding fairness and accountability into their transparency measures."
Another important and related point that is not lost on the WP29 is the "inherent tension in the GDPR between the requirements on the one hand to provide the comprehensive information to data subjects which is required under the GDPR, and on the other hand do so in a form that is concise, transparent, intelligible and easily accessible." In response to this tension, WP29 advises data controllers to "undertake their own analysis of the nature, circumstances, scope and context of the processing of personal data which they carry out and decide … how to prioritise information which must be provided to data subjects and what are the appropriate levels of detail and methods for conveying the information."
On informing data subjects about changes made to transparency-related information
The revised guidelines place an added emphasis on making data subjects aware of any changes that are made to the information they are provided as a result of the GDPR coming into effect. The revised guidelines now state explicitly that, "Where changes or additions are made to such information [provided to data subjects to fulfill transparency obligations], controllers should make it clear to data subjects that these changes have been effected in order to comply with the GDPR." Controllers should, "at a minimum," make this information available on their websites, but, "if the changes or additions are material or substantive, then … such changes should be actively brought to the attention of the data subject."
On information being "intelligible"
The revisions also appear to simplify the WP29's expectations around information being "intelligible," or "understood by an average member of the intended audience." Whereas the original guidelines stated that "the controller needs to first identify the intended audience and ascertain the average member's level of understanding," this sentence has been removed from the revised version. In its place, the intelligibility requirement is linked to the use of clear and plain language and accountability: "An accountable data controller will have knowledge about the people they collect information about and it can use this knowledge to determine what that audience would likely understand." This would entail, for example, assuming that working professionals have a higher understanding than children.
Moreover, the original version stated that "the controller should also regularly check whether the information/communication is still tailored to the actual audience." However, in the updated version, this sentence also has been removed. In its place, the guidelines now read: "If controllers are uncertain about the level of intelligibility and transparency of the information and effectiveness of user interfaces/notices/policies etc., they can test these" using various mechanisms, which include not only user panels and readability testing, but also "formal and informal interactions and dialogue with industry groups, consumer advocacy groups and regulatory bodies."
On the use of "clear and plain language"
While the original version provided examples of bad practice concerning the requirement to use "clear and plain language," the revised guidelines add several good practice examples as well. These good practice examples make clear things such as what types of data will be processed, the type of analysis the controller will undertake, what personalization will entail, and how interests attributed to the data subject will be identified.
On providing information to children and other vulnerable people
The WP29 has also expanded upon its guidelines around providing information to children. It makes clear that "children do not lose their rights as data subjects to transparency simply because consent has been given/authorized by the holder of parental responsibility" apropos to Article 8 of the GDPR. In other words, even when consent for a child has been given, "a child (like any other data subject) has an ongoing right to transparency throughout the continuum of their engagement with a data controller."
Moreover, the guidelines make it clear that transparency obligations must be directed at the child, not the holder of parental responsibility giving consent for the child, except in cases where the child is "very young or pre-literate." Thus, data controllers have an obligation to make sure generally that "any information and communication should be conveyed in clear and plain language in or a medium that children can easily understand."
On providing information "in writing or by other means"
Regarding this requirement, the revised guidelines specify that "the entirety of the information addressed to data subjects should also be available to them in one single place or one complete document (whether in a digital or paper format) which can be easily accessed by a data subject should they wish to consult the entirety of the information addressed to them."
Related to this, WP29 also recommends that "controllers facilitate data subjects to have continuing easy access to the information to re-acquaint themselves with the scope of the data processing."
On changes to Article 13 and Article 14 information
The revised guidelines make an important change to recommendations on "appropriate measures" regarding information provided to the data subject pursuant to Articles 13 and 14. These obligations occur throughout the life cycle of processing, not only when personal data is initially collected. Thus, for example, when a data controller changes the contents of an existing privacy statement or notice, it must communicate these changes to data subjects as it would if it were communicating the initial privacy statement/notice to them.
But what types of changes rise to the level of "substantive or material" and must be communicated to data subjects? WP29 states that the relevant factors to consider would be the impact on data subjects, including their ability to exercise their rights, as well as "how unexpected/surprising the change would be" to them. For example, changes that are made to the processing purpose, the identity of the controller, or how data subjects can exercise their rights "should always be communicated to the data subject." However, corrections of misspellings or stylistic/grammatical flaws would not be considered by WP29 to rise to the level of a substantive or material change.
On layered privacy statements/notices
Regarding what information should be provided in the first modality used to inform data subjects in a layered approach to privacy statement/notice, or the content of the first layer, WP29 specifies that the first layer "should include the details of the purposes of processing, the identity of [the] controller and a description of the data subject's right," all of which "should be directly brought to the attention of a data subject at the time of collection of personal data," via Recital 39. WP29 also takes the position that, in addition to this information, "the first layer/modality should also contain information on the processing which has the most impact on the data subject and processing which could surprise them."
The WP29's guidelines regarding layered privacy statements/notices, are not only applicable in digital environments. Transparency information may also be provided via a layered approach in an offline/non-digital context, and come in the form of a combination of information provided by telephone and email. Whatever the format, the first "layer," or "the primary way in which the controller first engages with the data subject," should convey "the details of the purposes of the processing, the identity of [the] controller and the existence of the rights of the data subjects, together with information on the greatest impact of processing or processing which could surprise the data subject."
By mailer_diablo (Self-taken (Unmodified)) [GFDL or CC BY-SA 3.0 ], via Wikimedia Commons
Privacy Operations Management
New WP29 chair talks enforcement, role of the DPO
It was hardly surprising that the impending May 25 deadline for the EU General Data Protection Regulation was top of mind among attendees this week at the IAPP Global Privacy Summit in Washington. So when the new chairwoman of the Article 29 Working Party sat down for a one-hour interview to discuss...
Why we're releasing new WP29 document archives resource page
With little if any litigation to report and a wealth of unanswered interpretative questions, the Article 29 Working Party opinions and guidance documents have been a lodestar for data protection lawyers and practitioners worldwide. Ask any privacy professional a question: How should my company stru...
WP29 releases updated guidelines on profiling, breach notification
The Article 29 Working Party has released updated guidelines on automated decision-making, profiling and data breach notification under the EU General Data Protection Regulation. The Guidelines on Automated individual decision-making and Profiling for the purposes of Regulation 2016/679 cover defini...
WP29 seeks comments on GDPR's Article 49
The Article 29 Working Party, the collection of data protection authorities in the EU, is currently seeking public comment on the Guidelines on Article 49 of Regulation 2016/679, otherwise known as the General Data Protection Regulation. "The document builds on the previous work done by [the WP29] ....
WP29 releases new documents on BCRs
The Article 29 Working Party released three working documents Friday, as well as a letter of the Chair to the European Travel Agents' and Tour Operators' Association. Two of the working documents refer to Binding Corporate Rules, one for processors and one for controllers. The third working document...
library_books New WP29 chair talks enforcement, role of the DPO
library_books Why we're releasing new WP29 document archives resource page
library_books WP29 releases updated guidelines on profiling, breach notification
library_books WP29 seeks comments on GDPR's Article 49
library_books WP29 releases new documents on BCRs


text:
Eye For Film >> Search >> 'Rip Torn'
The Beastmaster (1982)
A warrior with a psychic connection to animals fights against an evil sorcerer.
Misfits enter LA dodgeball tournament in a bid to save gym from closure.
Eulogy (2004)
Black comedy about three generations of a family who come together for a funeral.
Marie Antoinette (2006)
A portrait of France's most famous Queen.
The spectacular yet melancholy story of an alien from a dying planet who comes to Earth in search of water but indulges a little too much.
Men In Black II (2002)
Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones are covert agents saving the world from a new alien threat.
Welcome To Mooseport (2004)
Small town comedy romance, featuring a former US president pitted against a blue collar worker for mayor.
Wonder Boys (2000)
Mid-life crisis for once-famous writer in snowy Pittsburgh.


text:
NYC Sample Sales
The Important Things to Know About the Comme des Garçons Sale
By Laura Gurfein May 19, 2016, 5:38pm EDT
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Photo: Bonnie Datt
The shopping bonanza that is the Comme des Garçons/Dover Street Market joint sample sale officially opens tomorrow, but Racked reporter Bonnie Datt visited Skylight Clarkson Square with the VIP shoppers for a first look at the merchandise (which will be constantly restocked!) this afternoon. Here's the essential things to know:
Prices are a flat 50% off Comme des Garcons Black, 70% off Comme des Garcons, and 80% off labels carried at Dover Street Market (including Erdem and Raf Simons) — not up to 50% off, and so forth. So these are really awesome discounts, but since it's on very expensive items, most things are still a few hundred bucks.
The men's and women's collections are in separate rooms, and merchandise is organized by category (pants, shirts, dresses, and so forth) and then by color. It's not separated by size. In terms of the collections available, some of what was here was also seen at the 2011 and 2013 events, but pieces that have been shown on the runway since then are also in the mix. Overall, the selection is pretty eccentric.
There's not much available in the way of women's accessories — just a few boxes each of purses and hats — but the shoe selection is "fun," according to Datt. Unfortunately, there's no place to sit down to try them on. But at least the shoes have a place to sit:
Regarding the fitting rooms, men have a small area to change by the checkout in their area, but women just have a wall of mirrors to change in front of, and it was packed today — so imagine what it'll be like when the sale is open to the public. In short, you're pretty exposed here.
Playing along to the event's "Super Market Market" theme, you'll find an installation of stacked shopping carts sitting in one corner of the men's room filled with perfumes (seen above), and a bakery station with treats and refreshments for sale. Instagram as you please.
Stay tuned for a full report with photos and detailed pricing info.
The Comme des Garçons Sale: All the Updates
Today Is the Final Day of the Comme des Garçons Sale
How to Shop the Comme des Garçons Sample Sale


I'm pleased to announce the latest version of IBM Cloud Developer Tools CLI. Below is a summary of features that are new since my last blog post for version 2.1.12.
Two changes have been introduced for deployment to Cloud Foundry on IBM Cloud. First, the CLI will now use routes in the manifest.yml file instead of host and domain. This is in line with the deprecation of host and domain in this file that was previously announced by Cloud Foundry.
Additionally, Cloud Foundry apps are now deployed to a domain in your region like this: [your region].cf.appdomain.cloud. For example: myapp.us-south.cf.appdomain.cloud. This new domain is replacing mybluemix.net.
Log in to IBM Cloud using ibmcloud login.
Target to your CFEE environment using ibmcloud target --cf.
When creating a toolchain for an app through the CLI, you now can choose from all regions capable of hosting a toolchain.
The IBM Cloud Container Registry domains are changing from a domain with bluemix.net to icr.io. The CLI now accepts either registry domain format.
There are various small usability improvements incorporated into this release. For example, all questions that ask for a y/n answer now supply a default answer so that you can simply [Enter] on the question if the capitalized default is your intended answer.


Psalm 71:1-6 – In you, Lord I take refuge, let me never be put to shame. Be my rock.
1 Corinthians 13:1-13 – The love chapter. After I Cor. 12 Paul says he will show a more excellent way. Paul says without love, even faith isn't enough.
Luke 4:21-30 – Jesus in his hometown synagogue, part 2. He almost gets thrown off a cliff. No prophet is without honor, except in his own hometown.
The Old Testament reading is the Call of Jeremiah. The epistle text is 1 Corinthians 13, the love chapter. The gospel readings for this and last Sunday are Jesus in his hometown.
Jeremiah, יִרְמְיָהוּ, the second of the major Hebrew prophets, is credited with writing not only Jeremiah, but 1 Kings, 2 Kings and Lamentations. He is also considered a major prophet in Islam. His ministry runs from the thirteenth year of Josiah's reign (626 B.C.) to the Babylonian Captivity (587 B.C.). He spans the reigns of five kings.
Jeremiah tells his call story. All pastors and deacons should consider telling their call story once a year or so. It's real. It's personal. This may be the time to tell your own call story. How did you sense God's call to ministry? How did you resist? What pushback did you get? How might you invite people to discern their own call to ministry? In baptism, we are all called to ministry. Help me see that. Help me know how I might sense my own call to ministry. How can I know when the Spirit is nudging?
Jeremiah hears the call of God, and resists it. "I don't know how to speak." "I'm just a boy – too young." Most people I've known have, at one time or another, resisted their call. God regularly calls people to do big things. Once we get a glimpse of it, if we have a realistic idea of our capabilities, we cannot help but feel overwhelmed. The congregation will not have much difficulty identifying with this. Tell stories of those who have felt overwhelmed by their calling.
Jeremiah calls out Israel's decadence and idolatry. Like Jesus, Jeremiah warns what will happen to the nation if they don't turn from their current course. Like Jesus, they try to kill Jeremiah many times. He is attacked by his own brothers. He is beaten, put in stocks, thrown in prison, and more. Like Jesus, he is ultimately unable to stop the destruction of Jerusalem.
Attack you they will, overcome you they can't.
Jeremiah was very committed to his calling. He did not marry or have children. He did not attend weddings or funerals. He likely didn't drink or go to parties. How committed are we to our calling? I have a friend who gave up his job to become a missionary in Africa. What sacrifices are we willing to make to fulfill our calling?
Jeremiah has a love-hate relationship with his calling.
How about you? Could it be that God is calling? What is your divine destiny? Could it be that God knew you, and called you, even when you were in your mother's womb?
It's really hard to even consider not preaching this text, the entire 13th chapter of 1 Corinthians. It may be Paul's finest writing. Paul Wilson says if Paul has written nothing else, this chapter alone would have guaranteed him a place in literary history.
Jesus taught the two greatest commandments were to love God and love your neighbor.
On these two rest all the law and the prophets.
By this shall all people know you are my disciples, if you love one another.
Greater love has no one than this: that you lay down your life your friends.
True love is putting others' needs ahead of your own. True love is sacrificial. Jesus showed us this on the cross.
We know love by this, that he laid down his life for us—and so we ought to lay down our lives for one another.
Beloved, let us love one another, for love is of God and whoever loves is born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love, does not know God, for God is love.
These are strong words. Whoever does not love, does not know God. God IS love. This is powerful theology. It transcends even a theology of justification by Grace through faith as we shall see.
In 1 Corinthians 13 Paul extols the supremacy of love. It is more important than speaking in tongues, or preaching with eloquence. "If I speak in the tongues of mortals and angels but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal." He goes on to say the same about prophecy, wisdom, and knowledge. But the most stunning thing is yet to come. Love is more critical than even faith.
Even if I have enough faith to move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing.
But Thomas is likely even later than Matthew or Mark. It is possible that Paul is quoting a proto-gospel or sayings source, like Q. More likely, he is quoting oral tradition.
In the second section, Paul goes on to describe the nature of love. His words are aspirational. Paul describes a love he himself cannot attain. Love is patient. Kind. Not jealous, boastful, arrogant or rude. Its not irritable. It doesn't insist on its own way.
In the final section Paul says that while everything will pass away, love is eternal. In the end, only three things abide: faith, hope and love. They are, for Paul, the only things that endured or matter in life. But they are no coequal in majesty. The greatest of these is love.
Love does not alter. It looks upon tempests and is not shaken. Love bears it out to the edge of doom.
It seems clear that Shakespeare is drawing upon 1 Corinthians 13.
At first the hometown folks are impressed. Amazed even, Luke tells us. Wow. They're surprised even. "Isn't this Joseph's kid?" Shades of Jeremiah.
Boomershine says Jesus' listeners believe the kingdom of God means Israel will be comforted and Israel's enemies will be destroyed. In other words: "We" will win. "They" will get their comeuppance. Jesus then goes on to make a point. The kingdom isn't just for them. It's much, much bigger. To illustrate the point he brings up two stories his listeners know well, one about Elijah and one about Elisha.
Then, in case they've missed his point, he went on and brought up Elisha and Namaan, another Gentile. Namaan was the Syrian general who had leprosy. Elisha tells him to go bathe in the Jordan River. At first Namaan balks: "Are not Syria's rivers good enough?" In time, however, he is convinced, and indeed does go bathe in the Jordan as Elisha instructed. He is healed. Once, again, God's healing and blessing falls upon the Gentiles. God breaks in to bring healing to the enemies of Israel.
If Israel is doing things right, they will be a light to the nations, a blessing to the Gentiles. God loves all people. It's not about some winning and others losing. This is not what they want to hear. Jesus' listeners don't like it. They are so offended they want to throw him off a cliff.
And so we get a sense of Jesus' radical gospel from the outset. It means salvation and healing for all, even our enemies. Jesus' people respond with rage. His life is in mortal danger. He finds a way to get out of it. For now. Still, this is foreshadowing.
How will our people respond to discover that God loves Muslims and Hindus every bit as much as Christians? How will they respond to the good news that God loves those in prison? That God desperately loves the poor? That God loves immigrants, even illegal immigrants? How will we respond upon discovering that God is about reconciliation and healing, not just for our tribe, but for all nations?
This Jesus will put us out of our comfort zone, make us squirm. And I think to myself, if our congregations aren't squirming a little bit (or maybe a lot), then perhaps we haven't fully conveyed the Good News.


Cognitive/AI systems process knowledge that is far too complex for current databases. They require an expressive data model and an intelligent query language to perform knowledge engineering over complex datasets. In this Meetup event, we will introduce GRAKN.AI, a distributed hyper-relational database for knowledge engineering, to Seattle's engineering community.
Grakn provides the knowledge base foundation for intelligent systems to manage complex data. We will also introduce Graql: Grakn's reasoning (through OLTP) and analytics (through OLAP) query language. Graql provides the tools required to do knowledge engineering: an expressive schema for knowledge modelling, reasoning transactions for real-time inference, distributed algorithms for large-scale analytics, and optimisation of query execution. And finally, we will discuss how Graql's language serves as unified data representation of data for cognitive systems.
There will be beers, pizza, code, and most a certainly a good time!


Punjab Inter Supply Result announced on 10th January 2019 all supplementary examinations 2018. According to the officials of all Punjab boards, the supply exams result 2018 of Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC) will be announced on January 10th, 2019. All Punjab boards issues final date for inter supply exams result 2018 announcement.
All provinces in Pakistan intermediate examinations arranged according to their own schedule. Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and AJK are Pakistan provinces in which the Board of Education will conduct an annual inspection matric and each other. Before the exam Khyber – Pakhtunkhwa Board of Education also gave Japanese films a month. There are eight educational boards in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa at present time.
Relevant Inter Date Sheet 2019 information will be announced in month of February. Sindh, Balochistan and AJK other boards will be declared at different times Inter date sheet 2019, which is expected in the exam April or May 2019.
Students who are waiting for their inter supply exams result 2018 are advised to keep in touch with us for all latest updates regarding result.
We will also upload the result here for the convenience of students soon after its announcement.


Konopiště is mentioned by Müllerová already in the opening passage as she explains Švejk which Ferdinand has been murdered: "the Archduke Ferdinand, the one from Konopiště, the fat one, the religious one".
Konopiště is a village and castle by Benešov that from 1887 to 1914 was owned by Franz Ferdinand, then Austrian heir to the throne. He and his family lived there for long periods. The castle is now a museum which exhibits amongst other items, Franz Ferdinand's around 475,000 hunting trophies and large amounts of classic furniture and paintings.
In 1913 the village had 115 inhabitants, spread across 13 houses. It belonged to okres og hejtmanství Benešov. The municipality of the same name was somewhat larger: 484 souls living in 53 houses.
Sarajevo is first mentioned by Müllerová as she tells Švejk about the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. Later in the chapter the conversation at U kalicha revolves around the murder on the emperor-to-be and Sarajevo is mentioned many times by Bretschneider, Švejk and Palivec.
Sarajevo was in 1914 as now the capital of Bosnia-Hercegovina. In 1878 Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia-Hercegovina although it formally remained a part of Turkey until 1908 when it was annexed by the Dual Monarchy. The annexation caused resentment in Serbia. The Bosnian capital was on 28 June 1914 the scene of the murder of Franz Ferdinand, an act that indirectly led to the outbreak of World War I. The killing was carried out by serb extremists.
The murders in Sarajevo is very directly the starting point of the novel these web pages are about.
[1.1] "Práskli ho v Sarajevu, milostpane, z revolveru, vědí. Jel tam s tou svou arcikněžnou v automobilu." "Tak se podívejme, paní Müllerová, v automobilu. Jó, takovej pán si to může dovolit, a ani nepomyslí, jak taková jízda automobilem může nešťastně skončit. A v Sarajevu k tomu, to je v Bosně, paní Müllerová. To asi udělali Turci. My holt jsme jim tu Bosnu a Hercegovinu neměli brát.
Bosnia is first mentioned by Švejk when he states to Mrs Müllerová that Sarajevo is in Bosnia. Later, during the conversations at U kalicha mellom Bretschneider, Palivec and Švejk, and the area is mentioned several times. In Budapest a Bosnian regiment is mentioned.
Bosnia is often mentioned together with Hercegovina as Bosnia and Hercegovina. This is the political unit that both areas belong to. Bosnia and Hercegovina have long been purely geographical terms.
The area was annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. This led to widespread dissatisfaction amongst serbs and is arguably the main reason for the grievances that led terrorists to plot and execute the murder of Franz Ferdinand.
[1.1] "A v Sarajevu k tomu, to je v Bosně, paní Müllerová. To asi udělali Turci. My holt jsme jim tu Bosnu a Hercegovinu neměli brát."
Bosnia and Hercegovina is first mentioned by Švejk when he states to Müllerová at Sarajevo ligg i Bosnia and that Austria-Hungary shouldn't have taken it from the Turks. Later on the area is mentioned in the conversation at U kalicha between Bretschneider, Palivec og Svejk.
Bosnia and Hercegovina was (and is) is the political entity consisting of Bosnia and Hercegovina. The area was annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. This led to widespread dissatisfaction amongst Serbs and is arguably the main reason for the grievances that led terrorists to plot and carry out the murder of Franz Ferdinand.
Nusle is first mentioned by Müllerová when she refers to an assault with a revolver which took place there in her home town. The area is later referred to by landlord Palivec at U kalicha and it is obvious that Nusle had a bad reputation at the time. There are several references to locations in Nusle later in the novel, the tavern U Bansethů being amongst them.
Nusle was from 1898 a town in the Prague conurbation belonging to hejtmanství Královské Vinohrady. In 1922 it became part of the capital. It grew during the industrial revolution and in 1913 it counted 22,755 souls where nearly all registered Czech as their mother tongue. Riegrovo náměstí (now Náměstí Bratří Synků) was regarded the centre of the town.
General Ulrich Wille, Swiss commander-in-chief during WW1.
Switzerland provides in an anecdote by Švejk refuge for a guard who had lent his braces to an inmate who had murdered a captain. The prisoner hung himself in the braces. The guard got 6 months but escaped to Switzerland.
Switzerland was neutral during WW1 and was in 1914 like today a federal republic. As a curiosity it must be mentioned that the Habsburg family hailed from Switzerland. During WW1 Lenin lived in Switzerland. He was from 1917 to play an important role in the events leading to Russia's withdrawal from the war.
In addition Switzerland was during the war at times a place of refuge for Masaryk and other Czechs who worked for national independence.
Jaroslav Hašek wrote several stories set in Switzerland and by all accounts he visited the country in 1904. Although this can't be confirmed by other sources than the author himself, the fact that he usually stories from places he had seen himself, gives a strong indication. In one story he wrote that he walked from Switzerland through Bavaria back to Domažlice. The trip must have taken place in the time-span July to September.
The first story with a Swiss setting was published in Národní listy already on 6 November 1904 and was called Oslík Guat (Guat the Donkey) and takes place in the Bernese Alps. None of the places where the plot takes place can be identified according to the author's spelling. These places were "Dünsingen", "Tillingen", "Stroschein" and "Gallensheim". Mentioned in passing are Bern and Lake Constance. In the story Výprava na Moasserspitze the narrator writes that he stayed in Bern and prepared an excursion to "Moasernspitze, six hours away, in the canton Bern". The summit is said to have been pointed, but none of the spelling variations give an indication to which mountain was meant. The narrator also informs that the stay took place at the end of June, a timing that is at odds with the author's known whereabouts at the time.
[1.1] To vědí, paní Müllerová, že v takový situaci jde každému hlava kolem. Profousa za to degradovali a dali mu šest měsíců. Ale von si je nevodseděl. Utek do Švejcar a dneska tam dělá kazatele ňáký církve.
Hoisting the Portuguese flag during WW1.
Portugal is referred to by Švejk when he talks about the killing of a fat king of Portugal. This surely refers to the assassination of Carlos I of the house Bragança in 1908.
Portugal was in 1914 a republic which still kept some colonies, mostly in Africa. At the beginning of the 20th century Portugal experienced a power struggle between reformist and conservative groups. The republicans gained the upper hand, and a republic was established in 1910, two years after the murder of the king and the crown prince.
On 9 March 1916 Germany declared war on Portugal and Portuguese forces took part in Africa and on the western front. Several Portuguese ships were sunk by German U-boats during the war.
After the war, Karl, the last Habsburg emperor, sought refuge in Portugal and he died at Madeira. See Karl Franz Joseph.
[1.1] Jestli se pamatujou, jak tenkrát v Portugalsku si postříleli toho svýho krále. Byl taky takovej tlustej.
Waterloo and the famous battle there is mentioned by the author when he describes the pub landlord Palivec and his knowledge of Victor Hugo. Svejk also mentions it in [2.1] when on the train to Tábor.
Waterloo is a town in Walloon-Brabant in Belgium, near Brussels. The town is known because of the famous battle that took place here on 18 June 1815, when Wellington and Blücher were victorious against Napoléon's French army. The battle meant the end of Napoleon's political and military career.
[1.1] Palivec byl známý sprosťák, každé jeho druhé slovo byla zadnice nebo hovno. Přitom byl ale sečtělý a upozorňoval každého, aby si přečetl, co napsal o posledním předmětě Victor Hugo, když líčil poslední odpověď staré gardy Napoleona Angličanům v bitvě u Waterloo.
Balkans is mentioned once by Švejk in the conversation at U kalicha. Later the peninsula appears in the conversation between Wendler and Lukáš.
Balkans was at the start of the 20th century the least stable part of Europe. The two Balkan Wars had been fought in 1912 and 1913; first Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro against Turkey, then Serbia, Montenegro and Greece against Bulgaria.
In the Second Balkan War, Romania and Turkey joined the war against Bulgaria when they realised that these were about to loose. Serbia got out of these wars politically strengthened, a fact which made Austria-Hungary increasingly uneasy and which may have contributed to their uncompromising stance in 1914.
[1.1] A Švejk vyložil svůj názor na mezinárodní politiku Rakouska na Balkáně. Turci to prohráli v roce 1912 se Srbskem, Bulharskem a Řeckem. Chtěli, aby jim Rakousko pomohlo, a když se to nestalo, střelili Ferdinanda.
[1.14.5] Pro chmel je nyní ztracena Francie, Anglie, Rusko i Balkán.
Serbia is first mentioned in the conversation at U kalicha between Švejk and Bretschneider about the Balkans. Thereafter it reappears repeatedly, the slogan Heil, nieder mit den Serben! is quoted a few times. From book two onwards the Serbian army, irregulars and civilians are often mentioned in stories told by veterans from the campaign against Serbia.
Serbia was in 1914 a kingdom on the Balkans that played a crucial role during the outbreak of WW1. Austria-Hungary made the Serb government responsible for the murder of Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian and Hungarian thrones. Serbia was the first country declared war on, and the first country to see fighting. Serbia stood up well against K.u.k. Heer and repelled three invasions in 1914, despite suffering heavy losses themselves. But after Bulgaria entered the war and German forces assisted the Austrians, resistance was broken in October 1915.
Serbia was the country that relative to population figures suffered the worst losses in the war (indeed in any modern European conflict): roughly 27% of of the population perished, many of them in the worst typhus epidemic known in history. The borders of Serbia were in 1914 somewhat different from today. The kingdom included Macedonia but not Vojvodina and Banat which at the time were part of Austria-Hungary. The capital was (and still is) Belgrade.
IR91 was sent to the Serbian front immediately after the outbreak of war and took part in all three invasions. They spent most of the time between 15 August and 15 December 1914 on Serbian territory. Their losses were frightening and when they finally withdrew across the Danube by Belgrade they were, like the rest of the invading army, utterly decimated. Several officers that later provided prototypes for Švejk's superiors took part in the campaign: Franz Wenzel, Čeněk Sagner, Rudolf Lukas, Josef Adamička and Jan Eybl. Every one of them apart from Eybl (he was there only the last three weeks) were at some stage injured or reported sick.
At the beginning of October 1918 the regiment was, as part of the 9th Infantry Division, sent back to Serbia (Vranje south of Niš) because Bulgaria had pulled out of the war and their forces needed to be replaced. This was eventually one long retreat northwards in a K.u.k. Heer that was by now disintegrating.
[1.13] Nadporučík Machek zajat v Srbsku, dluhuje mně 1500 korun. Je zde víc takových lidí. Ten padne v Karpatech s mou nezaplacenou směnkou, ten jde do zajetí, ten se mně utopí v Srbsku, ten umře v Uhrách ve špitále.
[1.14.4] Švejk posadil se na lavici ve vratech a vykládal, že v bitevní frontě karpatské se útoky vojska ztroskotaly, na druhé straně však že velitel Přemyšlu, generál Kusmanek, přijel do Kyjeva a že za námi zůstalo v Srbsku jedenáct opěrných bodů a že Srbové dlouho nevydrží utíkat za našimi vojáky.
[1.14.5] Kromě toho naše manévry na Srbsku pokračují velice úspěšně a odchod našich vojsk, který jest fakticky jen přesunutím, vykládají si mnozí zcela jinak, než jak toho vyžaduje naprostá chladnokrevnost ve válce.
Bulgaria is mentioned during the conversation at U kalicha about Balkans.
Bulgaria was a kingdom on the Balkans that was neutral during the first year of WW1. In September 1915 the country entered the war on the side of the Central Powers. Her main motive to join was to repair the damage after the defeat by Serbia in the second Balkan War. Bulgaria took part in the attack on Serbia in October 1915, the offensive that finally broke Serbia's resistance. Bulgaria was in 1914 slightly larger than today, she had to cede Thrace to Greece in 1918.
Greece is mentioned in the conversation at U kalicha about the Balkans.
Greece was neutral at the start of the war but in November 1916 it joined the Entente, strongly influenced by prime minister Venizelos. Greece was at the time a kingdom ruled by the House of Glücksburg. The country was in 1914 slightly smaller than today, it acquired Thrace from Bulgaria in 1923.
Vltava from Žďákovský most, august 2009.
Vltava is first mentioned in the anecdote about the man who jumped from the bridge in Krumlov. The river is mentioned several times later in the novel and Švejk must have crossed it twice during his anabasis in [2.2], without it being explicitly stated. The first crossing was between Květov and Vráž, the second on the train just before arriving in Budějovice.
Vltava is the longest river in Bohemia. From its sources in Šumava, it passes Krumlov, Budějovice and Prague, before flowing into the Elbe by Mělník. The river's length is 430 km, and the catchment area is 28,090 km². In foreign languages the German name Moldau is frequently used.
Krumlov is mentioned in the anecdote about Ludvík and also a few times in book two. The miller Baloun, a central character in the latter part of the novel, comes from the area around Krumlov.
Krumlov was until 1920 the name of Český Krumlov, a town not far from the Austrian border. In 1913 the population count was 8,716 of which 7,367 were Germans. The town was seat of both hejtmanství and soudní okres of the same name. The district of Krumlov was located in the recruitment area of IR91, so Jaroslav Hašek would have known many fellow soldiers from there. See Ergänzungskommando.
The medieval structure of the town has been preserved and it is on the world heritage list of UNESCO. It has become a major tourist attraction.
Most v Krumlově is mentioned in the anecdote about Ludvík who jumped from the bridge in Krumlov into the Vltava.
Most v Krumlově was according to the story a bridge across the Vltava in Krumlov. The story does not reveal which one the author has in mind, but it is probably Lazebnický most in the centre which is the oldest and best known bridge there. In this mainly German-speaking town the bridge was at the time also called Baderbrücke.
Zliv is mentioned in an anecdote by Švejk, told to Bretschneider. It was about a gamekeeper who was shot by poachers.
Zliv is a village in South Bohemia, situated 10 km north west of Budějovice and 4 km west of Hluboká.
During the summer of 1896 (or 1897), Hašek's mother Kateřina took the children on a trip to the area around Protivín to visit relatives. Both his parents were from this area. They visited Zliv, Mydlovary, Hluboká, Budějovice, Putim, Skočice, Krč, Protivín, Ražice, and Vodňany. All of these places appear in Švejk and some of them even in the short stories. In the spring of 1915 Jaroslav Hašek appeared in Zliv again, now on an unauthorised "excursion" from the Budějovice garrison.
In 1913 Zliv had 1324 inhabitants of which 1307 gave their mother tongue as Czech. It was an administrative sub-division of Okres Hluboká, Okresní hejtmanství Budějovice.
[1.1] To byl ve Zlivi u Hluboké před léty jeden hajný, měl takové ošklivé jméno Pinďour.
Hluboká is mentioned in the same anecdote as Zliv, about the widow after the gamekeepers who turns up at the office of The prince at Hluboká to ask for advice.
Hluboká is a small town in South Bohemia, 15 km north of Budějovice. It was one of the favourite haunts of German-Roman Emperor Charles IV, who often visited when he resided in Budějovice. Nowadays Hluboká is best known for its Windsor-style chateau which until 1938 belonged to the House of Schwarzenberg.
The town was an administrative sub-division of Okres Hluboká and Okresní hejtmanství Budějovice. Aalso called Podhradí, it counted 1,472 inhabitants in 1913, and including Podskal and Zámost it reached 2,835. Nearly all the inhabitants were Czechs, most of the remaining few were Germans.
Jaroslav Hašek visited Hluboká during his childhood (1896 or 1897), probably also in 1915. See Zliv.
Hluboká nad Vltavou, dř. Hluboká, též Podhradí, sídlo soud. okr., v polit. okr. českobuděj., 2927 ob. (1921), z nich nár. čsl. 2851, 2735 ob. (1930), z nich nár. čsl. 2648. Cís. výsad. listem z 20. květ. 1908 povýšen městys.
[1.1] Byla až v kanceláři knížete pána na Hluboké a stěžovala si, že má s těmi hajnými trápení. Tak jí odporučili porybnýho Jareše z ražické bašty.
Mydlovary is mentioned by Švejk in a story about he tells Bretschneider about U kalicha, about the gamekeeper.
Mydlovary is a village 16 km north west of Budějovice and the birthplace of Josef Hašek, the father of Jaroslav Hašek. He was born in house number 8. The budding satirist visited Mydlovary during his childhood (1896 or 1897) and couldn't have been far away in 1915. See Zliv.
The fact that his father was born in Mydlovary is significant. This meant that Jaroslav Hašek had right of domicile here so he, just like his literary hero, was drafted into IR91.
In 1913 the community consisted of two villages that was recorded with 687 inhabitants of which 680 were Czechs. It had a church, a school and four pubs. The closest railway station and post office were found in Zliv. Zaháj was actually the largest of the two and the church was located here. Mayor at the time was Jan Kolář (relevant to the story about the scouts who were spanked with birch branches, see Okresní hejtmanství Budějovice).
Mydlovary, ves v Čechách, hejtm. Č. Budějovice, okr. a pš. Hluboká, fara Zahájí; 34 d., 319 ob. č. (1890), dobývání hlíny na výrobu zemitých barev a ložisko železné rudy.
[1.1] Zastřelili ho pytláci a zůstala po něm vdova s dvěma dítkami a vzala si za rok opět hajného, Pepíka Šavlovic z Mydlovar.
Ražická bašta is mentioned by Švejk in an anecdote about the pond warden Jareš, no doubt inspired by the author's grandfather, Antonín Jareš. This connection appears again in chapters [I.14] and [II.2].
Ražická bašta was a fishpond construction between Ražice and Putim that belonged to the Schwarzenberg family. The authors grandfather was pond warden here and Hašek wrote a few stories about him in Veselá Praha in 1908 (Historky z ražické bašty). The pond and barrier is still there but is no longer used for fish-farming. The pond wardens building is not there, but is still visible on an army-map from 1928.
The young Jaroslav Hašek visited the place in 1896 or 1897 together with his family. See Zliv.
[1.1] Tak jí odporučili porybnýho Jareše z ražické bašty.
Mexico is mentioned in the conversation between Švejk and Bretschneider. The brother of Franz Joseph I, Maximiliano I, was emperor of the country from 1863 to 1867. Here he is simply referred to as the emperor of Mexico.
Mexico is mentioned again in [II.2] when Marek tells Švejk about conditions in IR91.
Mexico was in 1914 a republic suffering turmoil after the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz had been overthrown in the revolution in 1911. In the period from 1864 to 1867 Maximiliano I av Mexico was emperor, and it is in this context the country is mentioned in the novel.
[1.1] Manželku Alžbětu mu propíchli pilníkem, potom se mu ztratil Jan Orth; bratra, císaře mexického, mu zastřelili v nějaké pevnosti u nějaké zdi.
Cerro de las Campanas is mentioned indirectly in the conversation between Švejk and Bretschneider where it is stated that the brother of Franz Joseph I was executed at "some fortress by some wall".
Cerro de las Campanas is a hill in Queretaro where emperor Maximiliano I was executed in 1867 after having lost the war against the republican rebels led by Benito Juárez.
Russia is briefly touched upon during the conversation U kalicha about the political situation after the assassinations in Sarajevo. The next brief mention is in [I.14,1] when Katz has lost Švejk in a game of cards "as if he was a serf from Russland".
Later on in the novel the country is mentioned several times; it was after all Russia the main protagonists were sent to fight against. Russian citizens take part in the plot directly when Švejk is assigned to a transport of Russian prisoners in Chyrów. The author at least once adds fragments from his own experiences in Russia (see Dubno). The original advertising poster for the novel makes it clear that Jaroslav Hašek planned to stage the latter part of the plot on Russian territory - the poster mentions the Russian civil war explicitly.
Russia (rus. Россия) was in 1914 an empire ruled by the Romanov family and was far larger than the current Russian Federation. It included all of the later Soviet Union, all of Finland and the greater part of current Poland. The empire was at its largest in 1866 when it sold Alaska. Russia's support to Serbia during the July crisis in 1914 is one of the prime reason why a regional conflict on the Balkans developed into a world war.
Russia were ill prepared for a prolonged war, serious supply problems and inept military leadership soon led to catastrophic losses. Still they managed to invade Galicia and Bukovina in 1914 and for a while they even threatened to cross the Carpathians. On 2 May 1915 the central powers launched a successful offensive by Gorlice and Tarnów and 1915 turned out to be a disaster for Russland who had to withdraw from Poland and Galicia. During that year the lack of equipment took its toll, and many soldiers were sent into action without firearms.
In 1916 the situation improved somewhat as the Brusilov-offensive inflicted such heavy losses on Austria-Hungary that a collapse threatened. German reinforcements however stabilised the front and Russia spent much of her diminishing strength on futile break-through attempts. The tsarist empire fell in March 1917 but the new provisional government decided to continue the war. A last offensive got under way on 1 July 1917 but soon ground to a halt. During this fighting Czech volunteers (including Jaroslav Hašek) for the first time operated as a unit against the Dual Monarchy (Zborów 2 July). A German counter-offensive from 19 July led to a complete meltdown of a Russian army that already was badly affected by mass desertions and breakdown in discipline.
In the aftermath of the October Revolution (7 November) a ceasefire was concluded, and the new communist authorities had to accept harsh terms in the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk (signed 3 March 1918). All of the Baltics, Finland, Poland and Ukraine were ceded (Ukraina was recovered after the war). The subsequent civil war prolonged the suffering of the peoples of Russia with many years and in 1921 a massive hunger catastrophe hit some regions. The Russian defeat in the world war had fatal consequences; it paved the way for 70 years of Communist rule, and at times an extremely brutal.
Jaroslav Hašek served as a messenger on the front against Russia from 11 July 1915 and at the end of the month he participated in the bloody battle against the Russian 8th army by Sokal. On 27 August 1915 his IR91 crossed the border and from that day he was continuously on Russian soil until around 4 December 1920. It was on Russian territory he let himself get captured (Chorupan on 24 September 1915.
After 9 months as a prisoner of war Jaroslav Hašek was from June 1916 until March 1918 a volunteer in the Czech forces in Russia (see České legie), and was therefore formally a Russian soldier. After breaking with the legions in April 1918 he became of journalist, agitator and recruiter for the Czech communists, later directly for the Bolsheviks - positions he held until he was sent back to his homeland as agitator at the end of 1920. He had learnt Russian already as a youngster and reportedly mastered the language very well, and by his return he had adapted to the degree that even his novel contains "russianisms". During his 5-year stay in Russland his travels covered extensive areas, mostly in Ukraine, in the Volga region and in Siberia. On 15 May 1920 he married a Russian woman, Alexandra Lvova. She followed him back to Prague later that year.
[1.14.1] Polní karát prodal Švejka nadporučíkovi Lukášovi, čili lépe řečeno, prohrál ho v kartách. Tak dřív prodávali na Rusi nevolníky.
[1.14.5] Francie, Anglie i Rusko jsou příliš slabé proti rakousko-turecko-německé žule.
Turkey is theme of the conversation at U kalicha about the political situation after the assassination in Sarajevo. Švejk blames the Turks for the murder of Franz Ferdinand.
The country is mentioned again in [I.14] during Lukáš' long lecture to hop-trader Wendler about the war situation. This conversation also mention a number of distinguished Ottoman politicians and officers. Amongst them are the Sultan, Enver Paşa, Cevat Paşa, Hali Bey, and Ali Bey. Also mentioned are Constantinople, Dardanelles and the Turkish Parliament.
Turkey (the Ottoman Empire) was a state that existed until 1922 and was succeeded by modern Turkey. The area was still in 1914 far larger than that of the current republic and included great parts of the Middle East. It was a multi-ethnic empire, consisting of Turks, Arabs, Armenians, Albanians, Greeks, Jews etc. The capital was Constantinople.
From 29 October 1914 the Ottoman Empire entered the war as one of the Central Powers. It started with an attack on Russian Black Sea ports, and a few days later Russia declared war, and soon after Turkey was also at war with England and France.
Turkey fought on several fronts: against Russia in Caucasus, against the British in Egypt and Mesopotamia, against the Russians and British in Persia. In 1915 the allied attempt to force the Dardanelles opened another front, although short-lived. Moreover the empire had to fight uprisings on the Arab Peninsula and elsewhere.
Several high ranking Germans served in the Ottoman armed forces, both as commanders and advisors. Amongst them were Liman, Goltz Paşa and Usedom Paşa. A lasting shadow over the final years of the Ottoman Empire was cast by the genocide of Armenians in 1915.
Turkey had only minor military success in the war, but a major exception was the defence of the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Peninsula in 1915. By the end of 1917 Allied forces stood deep in Ottoman territory: Palestine and also in Mesopotamia.
After Bulgaria pulled out of the war in September 1918 Turkey's position became untenable and the armistice was signed on 30 October 1918. The defeat in the World War meant the end of the empire and the loss of all her Arabic possessions. The core Turkish areas of the empire was transformed into a republic and was to become the pillar of modern Turkey.
[1.14.5] "A co Turecko?" otázal se obchodník s chmelem, uvažuje přitom, jak začít, aby se dostal k jádru věci, pro kterou přijel.
France is mentioned in the conversation between Švejk and Bretschneider at U kalicha about the political situation after the assassinations in Sarajevo. Many French people are mentioned in the novel: Napoléon, Hugo, Papin and Rabelais are amongst them.
In the conversation between Wendler and Lukáš in [I.14] French places are mentioned, all along the front in northern France. The officer also mentions the country itself and Wendler mentions these places along the front: Combres, Woëvre, Marchéville and Vosges. The rivers Meuse and Mosel that partly flow through the country are mentioned in the same sequence.The culinary connections are mentioned through Cognac and Bordeuax.
France France was in 1914 a democratic republic of nearly 40 million inhabitants and also ruled over a large colonial empire, mainly in Africa.
was one of the main participants in WW1. Germany declared war on her on 3 August 1914, on 11 August France declared war on Austria-Hungary. Already from 1894 France had signed a military alliance with Russia, and from 1907 England joined them in the so-called Triple Entente, albeit with fewer military obligations. The rising power of Germany was the reason why these former rival powers now joined forces.
Throughout the war nearly the whole the Western Front cut through northern France, and the area where the fighting took place was devastated. French war casualties totalled 1.7 million dead, and out of these 1.4 million were soldiers. The losses made up more than 4 per cent of the population. France was close to collapse both in 1914 and 1918 when the German army reached the river Marne, north-east of Paris.
France was the first state to recognize the Czech and Slovak claim for an independent state, and the Czechoslovak National Council was seated in Paris from 1916. On 7 February 1918 the Czechoslovak Army Corps in Russia formally became part of the French army and were to be transferred to the Western Front. See České legie. This was a decision Jaroslav Hašek disagreed with and it was the main reason why he left the army corps two months later.
After the Treaty of Versailles France was given back Alsace and Lorraine, provinces that had been ceded to Germany in 1871.
[1.14.5] Stejně Francouzům hrozí v nejkratší době ztráta celé východní Francie a vtržení německého vojska do Paříže.
Germany is first mentioned at the conversation at U kalicha about the political situation after the assassinations of Sarajevo. The country then appears repeatedly throughout the novel, particularly during the march battalion's journey to the eastern front in 1915. Towards the end of the novel Švejk even meets German soldiers. The author notes how well they are provided for compared with their allies from Austria-Hungary.
Many German nationals are mentioned; amongst them emperor Wilhelm II. and Hindenburg. A number of German cities also appear: amongst them Berlin. It also revealed that Švejk once visited Bremen, and this is as far as we know the only time he ever ventured beyond the borders of Austria-Hungary.. When forging of the pedigree of Fox Švejk mentions the name of several institutions in Germany related to dog-breeding (see Nuremberg). A few places in Elsass (Alsace) are mentioned in the conversation between Lukáš and Wendler, amongst them Mühlhausen (Mulhouse). During his famous dream Biegler refers to some smaller places in his account of the battle by Leipzig in 1813 (see Wachau). The last time we hear about Germans is when Švejk arrives at Żółtańce where he has to witness that the Germans get draught beer, a luxury he and his comrades can only dream of. We are also told that men from his regiment have been in a brawl with the Bavarians at the town square.
Germany was in 1914 a constitutional monarchy with the emperor as head of state, officially named Das Deutsche Kaiserreich. She entered the war as an ally of Austria-Hungary in 1 August 1914 when she declared war on Russia. The two Central European powers had been allies since 1879, and Germany's explicit support was one of the reasons that the Dual Monarchy risked to "teach Serbia a lesson" in 1914. Two days later the two-front war became a reality through the French declaration of war. The German attack on Belgium on 4 August 1914 landed an even more powerful enemy: England and its vast British Empire.
In 1914 Germany possessed the strongest army in the world but despite her military might she could ill sustain a prolonged conflict where the adversaries were superior in industrial resources, manpower and not the least in raw materials. The British naval superiority was also a determining factor; the blockade was soon to lead to serious shortages and later outright destitution.
From 1915 onwards Germany repeatedly had to act to help its weaker ally Austria-Hungary. At the section of the front in Galicia and Volyn where Jaroslav Hašek and his IR91 took part in 1915, the troops of the Dual Monarchy were supported by German units and three of these are mentioned in the novel (see Posen, Hanover and Brandenburg). Although Tyskland plays a peripheral role in the novel, it appears considerably more often in the stories Jaroslav Hašek wrote when serving in the Czech exile organisations in Russia in 1916 and 1917. In these stories whose purpose mainly is propaganda against the Central Powers, Germany is as one would expect portrayed in a negative way. Dobrý voják Švejk v zajetí is an example of this. In the autumn of 1916 the author spent much of his time at the front by the river Stochod (now Stochid), where they faced the German army.
The defeat in 1918 meant the end of imperial Germany which was succeeded by the Weimar republic. The Versailles peace treaty of 1919 forced Germany to cede large areas; mostly to Poland and France but also smaller areas to Denmark, Belgium and Czechoslovakia. Germany suffered more than 2 million fallen and in addition a few hundred thousand civilians who died due to hunger and shortages. The economic, social and political consequences of the of defeat were fatal and to a great extent it paved the way for Nazism and the resulting Second World War.
Serving the Bolsheviks in 1919 and 1920 Jaroslav Hašek worked closely with German internationalists (communists), recruited from POW camps. There is every indication that he closely followed the revolutionary movement in Germany and at this time he even wrote a poem in German. It was called Spartaks Helden and was a homage to the murdered communists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. The poem is however dangerously close to being a copy of Erich Mühsam's Generalstreik - Marsch.
Jaroslav Hašek visited Germany in the summer of 1904, and he probably only visited Bavaria where he at least must have spent a few weeks. He wrote a handful of short stories about this trip. He knew German well although quotes from the novel indicate certain shortcomings (in the German translation numerous German-language quotes are corrected). In another story he indicates that he visited Dresden, which is also very probable.
On 8 December 1920 he was again on German soil. He and his wife Alexandra arrived from Tallinn to Swinemünde (now Swinoujście). They were returning from Russia and took the train onwards from Stettin (now Szczecin) in the evening on 9 December. The stay on German soil was brief, probably less than 48 hours, with a likely change of trains in Berlin before they travel onwards to Pardubice where they arrived in the evening of the "second day" (probably 10 December).
[1.14.3] A vopravdu, lidi hned byli rádi, že to tak dobře dopadlo, že mají doma čistokrevný zvíře, a že jsem jim moh nabídnout třebas vršovickýho špice za jezevčíka, a voni se jen divili, proč takovej vzácnej pes, kerej je až z Německa, je chlupatej a nemá křivý nohy.


text:
Home Magazine Exploring Editor's Log
Hope floats.
Mary Bernard
I don't know if you'll feel this way, but I found a lot to be hopeful about in this issue. Maybe part of it is that as I am writing this, it's graduation season, and my town is awash in the celebration that comes with young people being on the threshold of something new, something different. But I think it's more than that. It's people like Nick Otterback, whose Arion Lightning graces the cover of this issue. Here is someone who is passionately pursuing perfection, or getting as close to it as he can. Several years ago, when we last featured the Lightning, Otterback had listened to sage test pilot Chuck Berthe's suggestions about how the airplane could be improved, and he incorporated some changes. Berthe's words may still be reverberating, as Otterback continues to refine the Lightning. That approach to manufacturing is more rare than you might think.
Then there are the stories (Viewfinder and "Homebuilding on the Edge") about an enclave in the California desert adjacent to an outfit you might have heard of called Scaled Composites. Elliot Seguin of Scaled invited us out for a visit about a year ago, and it finally happened (such is the nature of magazine publishing; good things take time). Editor-at-Large Marc Cook visited the facility and the local airport in Mojave a couple of months ago. Not only did he get a personal tour of the factory founded by Burt Rutan, but he also got an up-close and personal look at SpaceShipTwo, though that experience couldn't be documented with photographs. There are both ordinary and extraordinary things going on out there in the desert, including Gene Sheehan's electric Quickie project, which you can also read about in Dean Sigler's column, Alternative Energies; Sheehan made an appearance at the sixth annual Electric Aircraft Symposium in April.
There was another item in the news that prompted my good cheer, which was the successful launch into space and recovery of the Dragon capsule by SpaceX, which circles back around to Burt Rutan and all that he has been able to accomplish. Like Rutan, Elon Musk is a bit of an outlier in the aerospace world, yet he appeared on the scene and in relatively short order, and despite great obstacles and potentially fatal financial shortfalls, managed to achieve something fairly spectacular. Few would have expected him to succeed. Musk's background is in the Internet realm (he cofounded PayPal) and in the automotive world with the Tesla electric motorcar company. He is not an aerospace engineer by training. Until SpaceX, only three nations and one agency had flown a capsule to the Space Station. SpaceX's Dragon capsule is the first from a private company to complete the round trip. Musk's plans go further than wanting to just ship supplies into space; he wants to fly people there.
According to an appearance on 60 Minutes, Musk's first tack toward encouraging enthusiasm about space travel was his attempt to buy a refurbished ICBM missile that he would send to Mars so that it could beam back photos. That pro-ject didn't fly, but it prefaced what came next: Musk invested $100 million of his own money into the Falcon Nine/Dragon project. Why? He believes mankind must become a multi-planet species to survive, and the only way to know which planets are habitable is to explore them.
Just as many homebuilders construct parts themselves, Musk's Los Angeles factory, a former Boeing 747 plant, builds most of its own parts in order to be efficient and keep costs down. Some 1400 employees construct engines, rockets and the space capsules. Metal goes in, and a spaceship comes out, with final assembly occurring at the launch point, in this case, Cape Canaveral.
How did he learn how to do this? He read books, talked to smart people and assembled a Cracker Jack team. However, he's not about to turn his back on the U.S. space agency, NASA. In fact, SpaceX will be vying for the NASA contract to build the next U.S. manned spacecraft, a feat Musk believes he can achieve. In that sense, Dragon was a proof of concept design. Although Musk said he "wishes it wasn't so hard," he also said that short of "being dead or completely incapacitated," he won't give up on his dream. He also confessed to being disappointed that some of his greatest heroes, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Gene Cernan, both testified before Congress that they were bothered by his lack of experience and the perils of privately funded commercial space flight. Couch that in aircraft terms, and I'd bet many homebuilders have met with a similar sentiment. But most don't give up, and because of them, and people like Otterback and Musk and the Mojave group, I'm optimistic.
Mary Bernard – The product of two parents with Lockheed Aerospace careers, Mary grew up with aviation, prompting her to pursue pilot training as an adult. Her father, a talented tool-and-die maker and planner, instilled in her an abiding interest in how things are built. For more than a decade, she has been a contributing writer and Managing Editor for KITPLANES®.
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Mary Bernard - The product of two parents with Lockheed Aerospace careers, Mary grew up with aviation, prompting her to pursue pilot training as an adult. Her father, a talented tool-and-die maker and planner, instilled in her an abiding interest in how things are built. For more than a decade, she has been a contributing writer and Managing Editor for KITPLANES®.
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text:
Емба — річка в Актюбинській і Атирауській областях Казахстану. Довжина — 712 км (під час повені), площа басейну — 40 400 км². Витік на західних схилах Мугоджар, тече по Підуральському плато і Прикаспійській низовині. Втрачається серед солоних приморських боліт (сорів), в повноводні роки дотікає до Каспійського моря. Живлення переважно снігове. Основний стік у квітні — травні, в решти пори року часто пересихає, розбиваючись на окремі плеса. Вода сильно мінералізована: у верхів'ї від 150—200 міліграм/л — навесні, до 800 міліграм/л — влітку; у нижній течії 1500—2000 міліграм/л — навесні і 3000—5000 міліграм/л — влітку. Головні притоки, течія яких також сезонна: Темір (права) і Атсакси (ліва). У середній і нижній течії Емби здійснюється видобуток нафти і газу (Північно-Каспійська нафтогазоносна область).

По річці проходить умовна межа між Європою і Азією (інший варіант — по річці Урал).

Із книги А.Соколова «Гідрографія СРСР» (1954)
Сточище Емби розташоване в області степів і напівпустель. У своїй верхній частині воно являє собою розсічене ерозією крейдяне плато, в нижній — річка тече в Прикаспійській низовині, яка має ледве помітний ухил в сторону моря. Приблизно за 20 км від моря річка утворює дельту з трьома найголовнішими гирлами: Кара-Узяк, Киян і Кулок.

Емба украй бідна водою. Живлення її відбувається майже виключно за рахунок танення снігу. Навесні вона багатоводна, а влітку розпадається на ряд роз'єднаних плесових ділянок із стоячою водою. Води Емби у весняний час містять велику кількість наносів. Після дощів річка несе абсолютно каламутну, брудно-молочного кольору воду.

Походження назви
В казахській мові Емба має два варіанти назви  і . Тоді як, перший є офіційним, але мало споживаним, другий — уживається локально частіше. Ембі походить від туркменського (огузького) (чиї племена кочували в краї до XVII—XVIII сторіч). Yem boyı буквально переводиться, як долина прожитку або долина здоров'я. У казахську мову це слово потрапило як з редукцією голосних (y) embi (початкове е вимовляється як дифтонг ye), так і у вигляді перекладу Jem (Жем) із значенням прожиток.

Від назви річки походить назва ногайців-джамбайлукців, що кочували в XVIII—XIX сторіччях на Кубані і Північному Причорномор'ї.

Джерела
 Из книги А.Соколова «Гидрография СССР» (1954)

Посилання

Річки Актюбинської області
Річки Атирауської області

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Serbia's Postal Savings Bank signed a credit line deal with the China Development Bank at Friday's China-CEE summit in Dubrovnik.
DUBROVNIK - Serbia's Postal Savings Bank signed a credit line deal with the China Development Bank at Friday's China-CEE summit in Dubrovnik.
Postal Savings Bank Executive Board President Bojan Kekic said the agreement was a historic one and the first form of financial cooperation between Chinese and Serbian financial institutions.
As part of the 16+1 mechanism of cooperation, the Postal Savings Bank joined a China-CEE interbank association in late 2017.
"The agreed price-related and other terms are extremely favourable and competitive and the funds from the credit line will primarily be used for strategically significant development projects of the Republic of Serbia," Kekic said.
"This is just a first step in establishing financial cooperation with the China Development Bank and we can expect even more significant sources of funding from there in the near future," he said.


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Giebelstadt este o comună-târg din districtul Würzburg, regiunea administrativă Franconia Inferioară, landul Bavaria, Germania.

Vezi și
 Lista orașelor și comunelor din Bavaria
 Lista orașelor din Bavaria

Legături externe

Comune din Bavaria