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Some things never get old. That is certainly true of juicy details about the infamous Fyre Festival, which has been an object of fascination and schadenfreude since the luxury music event collapsed in spectacular fashion in April 2017. Thanks to two new documentaries from Hulu and Netflix out this week, you can now get the entire horrifying scoop from the safety of your own home.
Here are 17 of the craziest things we learned from Hulu's Fyre Fraud and Netflix's Fyre: The Greatest Party That Never Happened.
17. Billy McFarland lied about owning an entire island.
Fyre Festival founder Billy McFarland lied repeatedly about owning Norman's Cay in the Bahamas. Reader — he did not own the island. And not only did he not own the island, but when the island's real owner found out McFarland was promoting the cay's ties to legendary drug kingpin Pablo Escobar, he promptly took it back, leaving Fyre Media without a venue for their festival just months before guests were due to arrive. [Netflix]
16. Chuck Schumer's press secretary is somehow involved.
In a blink-and-you-miss-it moment in Fyre, Sen. Chuck Schumer's (D-N.Y.) press secretary, Angelo Roefaro, turns up in Billy McFarland's penthouse after the Fyre Festival disaster has gone down. It isn't clear what Roefaro's role is in McFarland's life — it is suggested he might be helping with PR — but the whole thing is a strange and unexpected twist in the whole fiasco. [Netflix]
15. The organizers used the fact that nobody got murdered as proof the festival wasn't a total disaster.
During a triage meeting with Fyre staff after the festival, Fyre's chief management officer, Grant Margolin, tried to calm people down by pointing out that "nobody got murdered" at the festival. Hey, always look on the bright side! [Netflix]
14. "For three days, you can become Pablo Escobar."
Part of the appeal of attending Fyre Festival was that guests were promised a chance to party on Pablo Escobar's private island. Not everyone was so sure about that marketing angle — as one person observed in Fyre Fraud, "Pablo Escobar is actually, like, a criminal who's murdered people brutally." Fair point. [Netflix & Hulu]
13. McFarland spelled "Magnisis" wrong.
Before there was Fyre, there was Magnisis, an exclusive credit card company for Millennials. Magnisis was part of what put McFarland on the map as an entrepreneur, but as he admits in Fyre Fraud, the word's first two syllables should have been spelled "M-a-g-n-e-s," not "M-a-g-n-i-s." Whoops. [Hulu]
12. Grant Margolin sent out a 1,000-word email about how the Fyre ad should be scored.
In an illustration of just how out-of-touch Fyre's leadership was, Fyre Fraud describes a nearly 1,000-word email that Margolin wrote in order to lay out his vision for the musical score for the Fyre Festival commercial. The email contains phrases like "odd meters" and "compound time signatures" and "Tiko drums (especially during more exploratory elements)." Suuure. [Hulu]
11. Fyre Festival organizers accuse locals of putting hits out on them.
One of the actual tragedies of the Fyre Festival were the workers who didn't get paid for trying to complete McFarland's delusional vision. But in Fyre, some of the festival organizers accuse Bahamans of trying to take matters into their own hands: "After the locals realized they weren't going to get paid, some of them started putting hits out on people," consultant Marc Weinstein said, "either to take them hostage and then get ransom, or just to hurt and injure." Event producer Andy King said he had to hide behind a urinal and then duck into a car in order to get away from the festival property. [Netflix]
10. Blink-182 pulled out and no one cared.
One of the funniest — if unremarked-upon — moments in both documentaries is how no guests especially seemed to care about the bands booked to play Fyre Festival. Most tellingly, everyone interviewed shrugged off the fact that headliner Blink-182 pulled out of the festival right on the eve of their performance. "[The band's] reasoning wasn't anything like, 'don't go, it's a disaster,'" one attendee told Fyre. "It was just like, 'We don't think we can put on the show that our fans would deserve.' And I've never been to a Blink-182 concert, so I don't even know what that means. So we were like, you know, it'll be fine." [Netflix & Hulu]
9. "No one is eating so therefore no one's pooping ..."
Both documentaries emphasize that plumbing was a major issue for Fyre Festival; there were just going to be too many people for the island's infrastructure to handle. One internal email meant to calm concerns suggested that the plumbing issue wouldn't be a big deal because "no one is eating, so therefore no one's pooping." Okay! [Hulu]
8. McFarland's first scam was in second grade.
In Fyre Fraud, McFarland brags that his first experience with marketing and technology was in second grade, when he ran a crayon-fixing operation. McFarland allegedly told his classmates that he would "fix" their broken crayons for a dollar a pop. [Hulu]
7. One festival attendee admitted to destroying all the tents around his own so that he wouldn't have any neighbors.
One of the Fyre Festival attendees interviewed by Fyre explained the utter chaos that broke out when guests were sent to pick out their tents. "Our strategy [to avoid having neighbors] was to sort of ransack all the tents around us," the guest said. "I just started poking holes and flipping mattresses, and my buddy pissed on a few of the beds." They sound like swell guys. [Netflix]
6. Fyre Festival's social media team began censoring the word "festival" in the comments on its accounts.
As guests started to express concerns about the Fyre Festival's organization, the event's social media team began deleting "negative" words and phrases. At a certain point, it got so bad the social media staff were apparently even blocking the word "festival." [Hulu]
5. McFarland lost a box of keys to $2 million worth of houses.
In the midst of the Fyre Festival going up in flames, McFarland admitted to losing a box of keys to more than $2 million worth of houses that elite guests were supposed to stay in. You know, as one does. [Hulu]
4. A Bahaman woman used $50,000 of her own savings to pay her workers when Fyre wouldn't.
One of the most heartbreaking scenes in Fyre is when MaryAnn Rolle, the owner of a bar-restaurant used by the Fyre Festival in the Bahamas, says she was forced to drain her own savings account to pay her workers after the Fyre team abandoned them. Rolle tearfully describes how "hurt" she is by Fyre, which owed her team some $50,000 when the organizers fled the island. [Netflix]
3. McFarland launched a new scam ... while on bail.
Truly one of the most baffling parts of the Fyre Festival story is that Billy McFarland launched a new scam while on bail for fraud related to Fyre. Running the operation through a proxy, McFarland started NYC VIP Access, which promised impossibly exclusive tickets to people on the former Fyre Festival mailing list. The worst part? Court filings indicate that 15 people gave him over $100,000 for such nonexistent tickets. [Netflix]
2. The random pilot who taught himself how to fly using Microsoft flight simulator.
Keith van der Linde was brought on by the festival to help with organization and was eventually fired for making too much sense. But one of the stranger parts of Fyre is when he admits to teaching himself how to fly his airplane using a video game. "As we're about to take off he's like, 'yeah, I bought this plane six months ago, I just got my license,'" recalled Brett Kincaid, who directed the Fyre Festival ad. "Once we were in the air I was like, 'What is he going to do?' He was like, pulling off the runway and just going straight up into the thing and killing the engine." No one ever said the Fyre Festival was boring! [Netflix]
1. The water retrieval story.
If you have seen Fyre, you know exactly what I'm talking about. The most cringe-inducing story to come out of either Fyre Festival documentary happened just before the festival was set to begin. Four 18-wheeler trucks full of water for Fyre guests had been seized by Bahaman customs over an unpaid $175,000 import fee. But Billy McFarland and his team were already drowning in debt. "Billy called," event producer Andy King recalled, "and said 'Andy, we need you to take one big thing for the team ... you're our wonderful gay leader ... will you suck d--k to fix this water problem?" King said he was shocked by the request, but got in his car to drive down to perform oral sex on the Bahaman head of customs in order to get the water back. "I got to [the custom chief's] office, fully prepared to suck his d--k, but he couldn't have been nicer," King said. The customs chief told King he would release the water on the condition that he be one of the first people Fyre eventually paid back. [Netflix]
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Today's weather is turning out to be light drizzle. The visibility is going to be around 17 km i.e. 10 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1004 mb . The daytime temperature is going to reach 28 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 21 °c at night. We expect around 10.4 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 73% of the sky, the humidity will be around 66%.
Tomorrow weather is forecasted to be moderate or heavy rain shower. The visibility is going to be around 15 km i.e. 9 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1007 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 21 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 8 °c at night. We expect around 22.3 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 77% of the sky, the humidity will be around 84%.
On Sunday weather will be partly cloudy with daytime temperature reaching 31 °c. Night time temperature are expected to be 17 °c.It will be dry with no precipitation. The visibility is going to be around 19 km i.e. 11 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1009 mb. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 14% of the sky, the humidity will be around 56%.
Monday seems to be partly cloudy. Chengdu, China visibility is going to be around 18 km i.e. 11 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1007 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 29 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 19 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 34% of the sky, the humidity will be around 61%.
Patchy rain possible will be the weather pattern for the Tuesday. The visibility is going to be around 19 km i.e. 11 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1008 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 33 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 21 °c at night. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 31% of the sky, the humidity will be around 50%.
Looking at the weather in Chengdu, China over the next 7 days, the maximum temperature will be 37℃ (or 99℉) on Thursday 25th April at around 2 pm. In the same week the minimum temperature will be 8℃ (or 47℉) on Saturday 20th April at around 11 pm.
The national weather service for Chengdu, China is reporting Saturday 20th April to be the wettest day in the coming week with around 9.10mm (or 0.4 inches) of rainfall. Make sure to carry an umbrella if you are out and about in Chengdu, China.
The windiest of all days will be Saturday 20th April as wind will reach 15mph (or 24kmph) at around 11 am.
Chengdu has a subtropical monsoon climate. There is plenty of rain all year round, but the heaviest rains come in July and August. Winters are cool, and summers are hot. Chengdu has one of the lowest annual sunshine records in China, however, and outside the summer months skies can be continually overcast and cloudy.
The best time to see pandas around Chengdu is the winter - pandas are native to much higher altitudes than this, and therefore find the summers too hot. Indeed giant pandas in the Chengdu Panda Research and Breeding Base are confined to air conditioned pens when the temperature exceeds 25°C - which is much of the spring and pretty much all of the summer.
Spring is a pretty time in Chengdu, with plenty of flowers and blossoming trees. Average daily highs range from around 15°C in March to 26°C in May. Nights in early spring can be chilly, however, so do take something with long sleeves for the spring nights. Take an umbrella too, as spring showers can be heavy and prolonged.
Summers in Chengdu are hot and humid. The average daily high in June is 28°C, rising to 32oc in July and August. Since this is an average, you can expect plenty of days when it's much hotter than this. With high humidity levels, it will feel hotter in any case, and sticky. July and August bring approximately 8 inches of rain each, typically in dramatic storms. However, it's much too hot for waterproof clothing - do take an umbrella and waterproof shoes.
If you're visiting Chengdu in the summer, take lightweight cotton clothing. Nights rarely fall below 20°C, but you can escape the heat in the daytime by travelling into the nearby mountains and Longchi Forest Park.
Autumn in Chengdu is cool, damp and foggy, but because the heat of the summer has gone, it's a popular time to visit. Avoid the Chinese national holiday on the 1st October, as the crowds can be heavy. Average daily highs range from 25°C in September to 15°C in October, with overnight lows starting to dip below 10°C as winter approaches.
If you're visiting Chengdu in the autumn, you'll need that umbrella again, plus some layered clothing for the changing temperatures.
Chengdu's winter months are cloudy, overcast and damp, with lots of fog. Average daily highs stay around 10°C, but nights can be cold and occasionally below freezing. Humidity is high, which can make the city feel clammy.
Chengdu, formerly Chengtu, is the province capital of Sichuan and can be found in the south west region of China. Chengdu is one of the most important areas of western China when it comes to the economy, transport and communication.
As you would expect to find in the Sichuan province there are some amazing restaurants that serve local cuisine in Chengdu as well as a variety of international themes such as Italian and American.
For those who are looking for traditional Szechuan cooking then there are restaurants such as Xiaojing Sifangcai, Din Tai Fung, Chenmapo DouFu, Chenmapo beancurd and South Beauty to choose from.
If you are looking to experiment slightly then you might was to try Chinese Hotpot, the cuisine type that can be found in many different restaurants in Chengdu that include Wonderful Hot Pot, Shu Nine Incense Pot Restaurant, Spicy Space Hotpot, Jincheng Impression, Chongqing Cygnet Hotpot and Minsan Bean Fishing.
However if you are not a fan of the different types of Chinese cooking then there are places such as Mike's Pizza kitchen, the Lazy Pug, Nuhi's Original Deli and the Spot that all serve a much more westernised menu.
Chengdu has lots of different places to stay whilst visiting the city that range from hotels, to inns and plenty of interesting speciality lodgings so that there really is somewhere to stay that will please everyone.
When it comes to hotels you can choose to stay in the more traditional style of hotel such as the BuddhaZen Hotel, the Millennium Hotel Chengdu, the Crowne Plaza Chengdu Panda Garden or the Shangri-La Hotel Chengdu; however you may find that you want the space and privacy of an apartment with the facilities of a hotel. In that case there are places such as the Fraser Suites Chengdu that are ideal.
For those who are looking for a hostel or inn to stay at whilst visiting Chengdu there are lots of them out there to choose from including the We Weikongjian Hostel, the She Home, the Loft Design Hostel, Folk In, Cici's House, Jinli Hostel, Tongxingwu Inn and the Complex International Hotel.
There are also lots of youth hostels in Chengdu for those who are backpacking round the country. Hello Chengdu International Youth Hostel, Chengdu Lazy Bones Backpackers Boutique Hostel, Dreams Travel International Youth Hostel and Traffic Inn are just a small number of the wide range that you can choose from.
Chengdu is one of the few places in the world that you can see giant pandas, red pandas and interact with them if you decide to visit the Giant Panda Breeding Research Base. Not only do you get to glimpse the extremely rare creature, but you can gain an insight into the work that is going to try and save the species from extinction.
Though pandas are not the only thing to see when visiting Chengdu there are lots of religious sites such as Mount Qincheng and the Wenshu Yuan Monastery, historical sites such as the Jinsha Site Museum, the Kuanzhai Ancient Street of Qing Dynasty and the Sichuan Museum and beauty spots like Wangjianglou Park, Du Fu Cottage, Chengdu Renmin Park and Huan Huaxi Park.
For those who prefer adrenaline rushes there is also the Happy Valley of Chengdu, a theme park that is suitable for all the family to enjoy.
The best time to visit Chengdu is between March and June (spring) or between September and November (autumn) as the weather is cooler, less humid and there is much less rainfall than during the winter and summer months. There is a much high chance of sunny skies and enjoyable weather.
What to pack for Chengdu?
Due to the amount of rain and fog that Chengdu experiences it is recommended that you take some wet weather clothing and at least an umbrella no matter what time of year you are visiting the city. As the temperatures during the summer are very high there is no need for anything other than light clothing though if you visit in the winter months you will need clothing that can cope with the average lows of 3 degrees Celsius.
Please also visit Chengdu Historical Weather, Text Weather and Weather Charts pages. Historical or past weather forecast page provides historical weather forecast from 1st July, 2008 till now in 3 hourly interval. Text weather page will allow you to get a weather text summary for next 14 days and weather chart page displays weather pattern like temperature, wind speed, gust, pressure, etc. in graphical mode for next 14 days. We hope you like it.


Rice-focused conservation program draws from public and private funding to help growers install on-the-ground improvements.
Recognizing that sustainability is gaining importance among rice buyers, producer Michael Fruge wanted to get ahead of the curve. The Eunice, La., rice and soybean grower signed up through the Regional Conservation Partnership Program in 2016 for financial assistance with installing conservation structures and implementing conservation practices on his farm.
But Fruge is quick to point out that if the technology doesn't prove to be economically sustainable, he will think twice about continuing to use it.
"This side-inlet (irrigation) and flow meters—you've got to have a way to pay for it," Fruge says.
He is not alone in embracing conservation as rice producers in Louisiana have signed 32 contracts representing about 30,000 acres under the national RCPP during the past year, says Kyle Soileau, Ducks Unlimited rice stewardship coordinator based in Lafayette, La.
As part of his conservation agreement, rice grower Michael Fruge reads a flow meter on his well, logs how much water he applies and how long he runs his pumps each time he adds water his fields.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture created the Regional Conservation Partnership Program to help provide financial assistance for producers within a specific region who are interested in adding conservation structures and practices to their operations. Rather than reinvent the wheel, RCPP draws from the Natural Resource Conservation Service's existing Environmental Quality Incentive Program and Conservation Stewardship Program.
The Rice Stewardship Partnership, led by USA Rice and DU, has harnessed RCPP funding. Joining the two groups are more than 40 other industry partners.
Along with a regional focus, the rice program involves commodity-specific conservation efforts. The national RCPP has three goals that all projects should meet to qualify for funding: improve water use, nutrient management and therefore water quality, and wildlife habitat, Soileau says.
Between July 1, 2015, and June 20, 2016, the first full year of implementation, the effort provided about $8.3 million toward about 220 contracts for conservation measures covering more than 92,100 acres, according to the Rice Stewardship annual report. Similar participation is expected for the 2016-17.
"The Rice Stewardship partners, along with producers, applaud the National Resources Conservation Service for its vision and creation of RCPP," says Scott Manley, DU director of conservation programs in Ridgeland, Miss.
Since its inception, Rice Stewardship and its the rice-focused RCPP have seen strong grower interest, he says.
Rice Stewardship financial supporters include the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Walmart Foundation, the Mosaic Company Foundation, Chevron U.S.A., Freeport-McMoRan Foundation, Irene W. and C.B. Pennington Foundation, RiceTec, BASF, Riviana Foods Inc., Delta Plastics, Wells Fargo, Farmers Rice Milling Co., Horizon Ag, Turner's Creek & Bombay Hook Farms, Mac-Don Industries, Dow AgroSciences and Ducks Unlimited's major sponsors.
In addition to national rice efforts, some states also have secured additional funding for local efforts. In Louisiana, for example, what folks call the LA-1 RCPP is a rice stewardship program with $800,000 in producer financial assistance.
It addresses water quality, water quantity and wildlife habitat in four impacted micro-watersheds in Acadia, Calcasieu, St. Landry and Vermillion parishes.
With $600,000 of financial assistance available, the LA-2 RCPP is a water quality project focused on nutrient management.
Soileau says his goal for LA-2 is to sign up growers representing about 20,000 acres. Based on grower visits and sign-up sheets, he already has 100,000 acres' worth of interest.
California also has a state-based RCPP led by the California Rice Commission.
The RCPP conservation funding was part of the 2014 Farm Bill. As the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Congress begin work on the 2018 law, Manley says he believes they will continue to include a strong conservation focus.
"Whether it's called RCPP or called something else, rice and its environmental and wildlife benefits will always be ripe to take advantage of conservation initiative funding through USDA," he says.
Fruge's father, Raymond Fruge, who also farms rice near Eunice, has been a strong proponent of conservation for more than a decade. The senior Fruge signed one of the first Environmental Quality Incentive Program contracts in the area 15 years ago. He also is in the last year of a five-year Conservation Stewardship Program contract.
Through financial assistance administered by the NRCS, Raymond Fruge has installed several drop pipes in his fields and laser leveled other fields. The drop pipes help reduce erosion whereas laser leveling helps improve water-use uniformity and efficiency.
Through RCPP, Raymond Fruge has added additional pipe drops to his fields. He also had about 300 acres grid soil sampled in 2016.
The sampling data can be used to create variable-rate nutrient prescriptions for each field. That same data can guide a fertilizer spreader's variable-rate controller so it applies nutrients to zones that are lacking and not to zones that are sufficient.
In return for RCPP financial assistance, Fruge agrees to plug drains in his fields during the late fall and winter to capture rainfall and provide winter waterfowl habitat.
As part of the local nutrient-management effort, Michael Fruge already has had about 200 acres grid sampled.
He had phosphorus and zinc applied using variable rate by a custom applicator. After just one season, Fruge says it's too early to tell what type of improvements the precision application provided.
Michael Fruge (left) and his father, Raymond, demonstrate how easy it is to attach a flow meter to a well outlet.
Under the national RCPP, irrigation management has three levels of participation: low, intermediate and high. The younger Fruge signed up for the intermediate program, which also involves on-farm weather stations and flow meters.
The weather stations, costing about $1,600 apiece, are on two different farms about 3 miles apart and record temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and evapotranspiration. Despite their proximity, Fruge says the weather station data varies widely.
He can access the information remotely using a laptop, tablet or smartphone and uses it, along with an irrigation scheduling program, to determine how much water to apply.
As part of Fruge's agreement, he also records information from the flow meters — gallons per minute and the duration of the pump run — each time he adds water to a field.
This season, he also plans to use multiple-inlet rice irrigation on two fields.
The technology doesn't fall under RCPP, but Fruge says DU conservation planner Keith Latiolais is interested in the practice and plans to help him work out the bugs.
Studies conducted by the University of Arkansas show MIRI can help growers reduce water use by up to 25 percent compared with conventional irrigation.


text:
Q: Rotman Proposition 2.73: $|HK||H\cap K|=|H||K|$ I am reading the book "Advanced modern algebra" by Joseph J. Rotman. I have a problem in Proposition 2.73 at page 87.

$\textbf{Proposition (Product Formula):}$ If $H$ and $K$ are subgroups of a finite group $G$, then
  $$|HK| |H \cap K| = |H||K|,$$
  where $HK = \{hk: h \in H \text{ and } k \in K \}.$
$\textbf{Proof:}$ Define a function $f: H \times K \rightarrow HK$ by $f:(h,k) \mapsto hk$. Clearly, $f$ is a surjection. It suffices to show, for every $x \in HK$, that $|f^{-1}(x)| = |H \cap K|$, where $f^{-1}(x) = \{(h,k) \in H \times K: hk = x \}$, [because $H \times K$ is the disjoint union $\displaystyle\bigcup_{x \in H \times K} f^{-1}(x)$].
  We claim that if $x = hk$, then
  $$f^{-1}(x) = \{(hd,d^{-1}k): d \in H \cap K\}.$$
  Each $(hd,d^{-1}k) \in f^{-1}(x)$, for $f(hd,d^{-1}k) = hdd^{-1}k = hk = x$. For the reverse inclusion, let $(h',k') \in f^{-1}(x)$, so that $h'k' = hk$. Then $h^{-1}h' = k'k^{-1} \in H \cap K$; call this element $d$. Then $h' = hd$ and $k' = d^{-1}k$, and so $(h',k')$ lies in the right side. Therefore,
  $$|f^{-1}(x)| = |\{(hd,d^{-1}k):d \in H \cap K\}| = |H \cap K|,$$
  because $d \mapsto (hd,d^{-1}k)$ is a bijection.

Intuitively, I feel that when $H \cap K = \emptyset$, then $f$ is a bijection. When $H \cap K \neq \emptyset$, then $f$ is a surjection, so I do not understand why $\forall x \in HK, |f^{-1}(x)| = |H \cap K|$ and how can we know $H \times K$ is the disjoint union $\displaystyle\bigcup_{x \in H \times K} f^{-1}(x)$. Thank all!

A: That is because we have a bijection:
\begin{align}
f^{-1}(x)&\longrightarrow H\cap K\\
(hd,d^{-1}k)&\longmapsto d
\end{align}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Water reorientation, hydrogen-bond dynamics and 2D-IR spectroscopy next to an extended hydrophobic surface.
Title Water reorientation, hydrogen-bond dynamics and 2D-IR spectroscopy next to an extended hydrophobic surface.
Authors Stirnemann G, Rossky PJ, Hynes JT, Laage D
Journal Farad. Discuss.
The dynamics of water next to hydrophobic groups is critical for several fundamental biochemical processes such as protein folding and amyloid fiber aggregation. Some biomolecular systems, like melittin or other membrane-associated proteins, exhibit extended hydrophobic surfaces. Due to the strain these surfaces impose on the hydrogen (H)-bond network, the water molecules shift from the clathrate-like arrangement observed around small solutes to an anticlathrate-like geometry with some dangling OH bonds pointing toward the surface. Here we examine the water reorientation dynamics next to a model hydrophobic surface through molecular dynamics simulations and analytic modeling. We show that the water OH bonds lying next to the hydrophobic surface fall into two subensembles with distinct dynamical reorientation properties. The first is the OH bonds tangent to the surface; these exhibit a behavior similar to the water OHs around small hydrophobic solutes, i.e. with a moderate reorientational slowdown explained by an excluded volume effect due to the surface. The second is the dangling OHs pointing toward the surface: these are not engaged in any H-bond, reorient much faster than in the bulk, and exhibit an unusual anisotropy decay which becomes negative for delays of a few picoseconds. The H-bond dynamics, i.e. the exchanges between the different configurations, and the resulting anisotropy decays are analyzed within the analytic extended jump model. We also show that a recent spectroscopy technique, two-dimensional time resolved vibrational spectroscopy (2D-IR), can be used to selectively follow the dynamics of dangling OHs, since these are spectrally distinct from H-bonded ones. By computing the first 2D-IR spectra of water next to a hydrophobic surface, we establish a connection between the spectral dynamics and the dynamical properties that we obtain directly from the simulations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
After defeating Tarbut V'Torah in the quarterfinals on February 20, SMA's Boys Basketball team advanced to its first CIF SS Div 5A Semifinals. SMA's girls and boys basketball teams have garnered many league championships and playoff appearances in SMA's 9 years in CIF, but this will be the basketball program's first semifinals.
CIF SS DIV 5A SEMIFINALS
St. Monica Academy vs. Duarte High School
at Duarte High School – 1565 Central Ave, Duarte, CA 91010
Friday, February 23, 7:00pm
Ticket prices:
Child/Student $5 (students must bring student ID to get $5 rate)
Below is the Glendale News Press's story on SMA's historic quarterfinal victory. Go here for the original story.
St. Monica boys' basketball earns historic berth in CIF semifinals
By JEFF TULLY
PASADENA — Making its first appearance in the CIF Southern Section quarterfinals, the St. Monica Academy boys' basketball team looked to make some more history Tuesday evening.
After a slow first quarter, the Crusaders erased an early deficit, seized the momentum and held off a late charge to earn a 73-65 Division V-A victory against Tarbut V'Torah at New Revelation Church in Pasadena.
The win earned No. 4 seed St. Monica (21-4) a trip to the program's first semifinals Friday. The Crusaders will be on the road against No. 1 Duarte or California School of the Deaf.
"We have worked so hard this season and we wanted this so bad and we're playing like it," said St. Monica senior Peter Ford, who had 23 points, including five three-pointers, to go along with 10 rebounds and three blocks. "I think one reason why we're such a tough team is that we have a lot of depth. Most of the players we have this year have returned, except for three, and we all play together as a team."
Senior Freddy Sayegh added 17 points and eight rebounds and junior Charles Boles chipped in with 10 points and eight rebounds for St. Monica.
The Crusaders, who finished undefeated in the two-tiered International League, fell behind after one quarter, 16-14, against Tarbut V'Torah (16-5), the No. 3 team from the Express League.
However, St. Monica turned things around in the second quarter, thanks to 14 points on four-three pointers in the frame from Ford. The Crusaders outscored the Lions, 21-12, in the second and went into halftime with a 35-28 advantage.
"We get off to a lot of slow starts, usually because we're too amped up," St. Monica coach Peter Grimm said. "I never have to motivate these guys because they are usually bouncing off the walls all the time. In basketball, that can be a problem.
"We wanted to start out slow, not play slow, but to be deliberate and see what they are doing on defense. They made sure they knew what they were supposed to be doing and when [Tarbut V'Torah] took the lead, we had our response ready."
In the third, the Lions, spearheaded by junior Kabir Suri (23 points), erased the deficit and tied the score at 39 with 5:16 remaining. But St. Monica surged back to take the lead and had a five-point advantage, 51-46, after three.
The Lions trimmed the advantage to 58-54 at the 3:51 mark, but St. Monica responded and went up 69-59 with 57 seconds remaining.
SMA advanced to the quarterfinals after defeating Shandon in the second round of CIF on February 16. Below is the Glendale News Press summary of the game. Go here for the original story.
Sports Roundup: St. Monica Academy boys' basketball reaches quarterfinals
St. Monica Academy 56, Shandon 44: The Crusaders made a 185-mile road trip Friday and came away with a CIF Southern Section Division V-A second-round victory.
Fourth-seeded St. Monica (20-4) received 19 points, eight rebounds and six blocks from Peter Ford, 12 points and seven rebounds from Charlie Boles and 10 points from Francis Mireles.
"[It was a] close game and we pulled away in the fourth quarter," St. Monica coach Peter Grimm said. "We went to a three-guard offense with Sam Gutierrez, Francis Mireles and Ernie Grimm and that provided the ball-handling and spacing that helped take the lead and pull away."
St. Monica will meet visiting Tarbut V'Torah in a quarterfinal contest at 5:30 p.m. Tuesday at New Revelation Baptist Church in Pasadena.


text:
"""SSD Keras-based MobilenetV1 FPN Feature Extractor."""

import tensorflow as tf

from object_detection.meta_architectures import ssd_meta_arch
from object_detection.models import feature_map_generators
from object_detection.models.keras_models import mobilenet_v1
from object_detection.models.keras_models import model_utils
from object_detection.utils import ops
from object_detection.utils import shape_utils

# A modified config of mobilenet v1 that makes it more detection friendly.
def _create_modified_mobilenet_config():
  conv_def_block_12 = model_utils.ConvDefs(conv_name='conv_pw_12', filters=512)
  conv_def_block_13 = model_utils.ConvDefs(conv_name='conv_pw_13', filters=256)
  return [conv_def_block_12, conv_def_block_13]

class SSDMobileNetV1FpnKerasFeatureExtractor(
    ssd_meta_arch.SSDKerasFeatureExtractor):
  """SSD Feature Extractor using Keras-based MobilenetV1 FPN features."""

  def __init__(self,
               is_training,
               depth_multiplier,
               min_depth,
               pad_to_multiple,
               conv_hyperparams,
               freeze_batchnorm,
               inplace_batchnorm_update,
               fpn_min_level=3,
               fpn_max_level=7,
               additional_layer_depth=256,
               use_explicit_padding=False,
               use_depthwise=False,
               use_native_resize_op=False,
               override_base_feature_extractor_hyperparams=False,
               name=None):
    """SSD Keras based FPN feature extractor Mobilenet v1 architecture.

    Args:
      is_training: whether the network is in training mode.
      depth_multiplier: float depth multiplier for feature extractor.
      min_depth: minimum feature extractor depth.
      pad_to_multiple: the nearest multiple to zero pad the input height and
        width dimensions to.
      conv_hyperparams: a `hyperparams_builder.KerasLayerHyperparams` object
        containing convolution hyperparameters for the layers added on top of
        the base feature extractor.
      freeze_batchnorm: whether to freeze batch norm parameters during
        training or not. When training with a small batch size (e.g. 1), it is
        desirable to freeze batch norm update and use pretrained batch norm
        params.
      inplace_batchnorm_update: whether to update batch norm moving average
        values inplace. When this is false train op must add a control
        dependency on tf.graphkeys.UPDATE_OPS collection in order to update
        batch norm statistics.
      fpn_min_level: the highest resolution feature map to use in FPN. The valid
        values are {2, 3, 4, 5} which map to MobileNet v1 layers
        {Conv2d_3_pointwise, Conv2d_5_pointwise, Conv2d_11_pointwise,
        Conv2d_13_pointwise}, respectively.
      fpn_max_level: the smallest resolution feature map to construct or use in
        FPN. FPN constructions uses features maps starting from fpn_min_level
        upto the fpn_max_level. In the case that there are not enough feature
        maps in the backbone network, additional feature maps are created by
        applying stride 2 convolutions until we get the desired number of fpn
        levels.
      additional_layer_depth: additional feature map layer channel depth.
      use_explicit_padding: Whether to use explicit padding when extracting
        features. Default is False.
      use_depthwise: whether to use depthwise convolutions. Default is False.
      use_native_resize_op: Whether to use tf.image.nearest_neighbor_resize
        to do upsampling in FPN. Default is false.
      override_base_feature_extractor_hyperparams: Whether to override
        hyperparameters of the base feature extractor with the one from
        `conv_hyperparams`.
      name: a string name scope to assign to the model. If 'None', Keras
        will auto-generate one from the class name.
    """
    super(SSDMobileNetV1FpnKerasFeatureExtractor, self).__init__(
        is_training=is_training,
        depth_multiplier=depth_multiplier,
        min_depth=min_depth,
        pad_to_multiple=pad_to_multiple,
        conv_hyperparams=conv_hyperparams,
        freeze_batchnorm=freeze_batchnorm,
        inplace_batchnorm_update=inplace_batchnorm_update,
        use_explicit_padding=use_explicit_padding,
        use_depthwise=use_depthwise,
        override_base_feature_extractor_hyperparams=
        override_base_feature_extractor_hyperparams,
        name=name)
    self._fpn_min_level = fpn_min_level
    self._fpn_max_level = fpn_max_level
    self._additional_layer_depth = additional_layer_depth
    self._conv_defs = None
    if self._use_depthwise:
      self._conv_defs = _create_modified_mobilenet_config()
    self._use_native_resize_op = use_native_resize_op
    self._feature_blocks = [
        'Conv2d_3_pointwise', 'Conv2d_5_pointwise', 'Conv2d_11_pointwise',
        'Conv2d_13_pointwise'
    ]
    self._mobilenet_v1 = None
    self._fpn_features_generator = None
    self._coarse_feature_layers = []

  def build(self, input_shape):
    full_mobilenet_v1 = mobilenet_v1.mobilenet_v1(
        batchnorm_training=(self._is_training and not self._freeze_batchnorm),
        conv_hyperparams=(self._conv_hyperparams
                          if self._override_base_feature_extractor_hyperparams
                          else None),
        weights=None,
        use_explicit_padding=self._use_explicit_padding,
        alpha=self._depth_multiplier,
        min_depth=self._min_depth,
        conv_defs=self._conv_defs,
        include_top=False)
    conv2d_3_pointwise = full_mobilenet_v1.get_layer(
        name='conv_pw_3_relu').output
    conv2d_5_pointwise = full_mobilenet_v1.get_layer(
        name='conv_pw_5_relu').output
    conv2d_11_pointwise = full_mobilenet_v1.get_layer(
        name='conv_pw_11_relu').output
    conv2d_13_pointwise = full_mobilenet_v1.get_layer(
        name='conv_pw_13_relu').output
    self._mobilenet_v1 = tf.keras.Model(
        inputs=full_mobilenet_v1.inputs,
        outputs=[conv2d_3_pointwise, conv2d_5_pointwise,
                 conv2d_11_pointwise, conv2d_13_pointwise]
    )
    # pylint:disable=g-long-lambda
    self._depth_fn = lambda d: max(
        int(d * self._depth_multiplier), self._min_depth)
    self._base_fpn_max_level = min(self._fpn_max_level, 5)
    self._num_levels = self._base_fpn_max_level + 1 - self._fpn_min_level
    self._fpn_features_generator = (
        feature_map_generators.KerasFpnTopDownFeatureMaps(
            num_levels=self._num_levels,
            depth=self._depth_fn(self._additional_layer_depth),
            use_depthwise=self._use_depthwise,
            use_explicit_padding=self._use_explicit_padding,
            use_native_resize_op=self._use_native_resize_op,
            is_training=self._is_training,
            conv_hyperparams=self._conv_hyperparams,
            freeze_batchnorm=self._freeze_batchnorm,
            name='FeatureMaps'))
    # Construct coarse feature layers
    padding = 'VALID' if self._use_explicit_padding else 'SAME'
    kernel_size = 3
    stride = 2
    for i in range(self._base_fpn_max_level + 1, self._fpn_max_level + 1):
      coarse_feature_layers = []
      if self._use_explicit_padding:
        def fixed_padding(features, kernel_size=kernel_size):
          return ops.fixed_padding(features, kernel_size)
        coarse_feature_layers.append(tf.keras.layers.Lambda(
            fixed_padding, name='fixed_padding'))
      layer_name = 'bottom_up_Conv2d_{}'.format(
          i - self._base_fpn_max_level + 13)
      conv_block = feature_map_generators.create_conv_block(
          self._use_depthwise, kernel_size, padding, stride, layer_name,
          self._conv_hyperparams, self._is_training, self._freeze_batchnorm,
          self._depth_fn(self._additional_layer_depth))
      coarse_feature_layers.extend(conv_block)
      self._coarse_feature_layers.append(coarse_feature_layers)
    self.built = True

  def preprocess(self, resized_inputs):
    """SSD preprocessing.

    Maps pixel values to the range [-1, 1].

    Args:
      resized_inputs: a [batch, height, width, channels] float tensor
        representing a batch of images.

    Returns:
      preprocessed_inputs: a [batch, height, width, channels] float tensor
        representing a batch of images.
    """
    return (2.0 / 255.0) * resized_inputs - 1.0

  def _extract_features(self, preprocessed_inputs):
    """Extract features from preprocessed inputs.

    Args:
      preprocessed_inputs: a [batch, height, width, channels] float tensor
        representing a batch of images.

    Returns:
      feature_maps: a list of tensors where the ith tensor has shape
        [batch, height_i, width_i, depth_i]
    """
    preprocessed_inputs = shape_utils.check_min_image_dim(
        33, preprocessed_inputs)

    image_features = self._mobilenet_v1(
        ops.pad_to_multiple(preprocessed_inputs, self._pad_to_multiple))

    feature_block_list = []
    for level in range(self._fpn_min_level, self._base_fpn_max_level + 1):
      feature_block_list.append(self._feature_blocks[level - 2])

    feature_start_index = len(self._feature_blocks) - self._num_levels
    fpn_input_image_features = [
        (key, image_features[feature_start_index + index])
        for index, key in enumerate(feature_block_list)]
    fpn_features = self._fpn_features_generator(fpn_input_image_features)

    feature_maps = []
    for level in range(self._fpn_min_level, self._base_fpn_max_level + 1):
      feature_maps.append(fpn_features['top_down_{}'.format(
          self._feature_blocks[level - 2])])
    last_feature_map = fpn_features['top_down_{}'.format(
        self._feature_blocks[self._base_fpn_max_level - 2])]

    for coarse_feature_layers in self._coarse_feature_layers:
      for layer in coarse_feature_layers:
        last_feature_map = layer(last_feature_map)
      feature_maps.append(last_feature_map)
    return feature_maps

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
>Asia
Popular Historic Sites Attractions in Asia
Beijing·China
117,794 Reviews
UNESCO World Heritage-Cultural Site
A vast majority of tourists who visit Beijing for the first time consider the Forbidden City as a place they must see. The Forbidden City, known as Gugong in Mandarin, once served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a symbol of ancient China. Although it is no longer China's political centre, you can still feel its former glory once you are within the courtyard and surrounded by the high walls. Its long history has left behind a large amount of precious architecture and cultural relics, making it one of the most important cultural heritage in modern China.
Xiamen·China
Island/Peninsula
Historical Architecture
Gulangyu Island is a tiny island located on the estuary of the Chiu-lung River, facing the city of Xiamen. It is a Unesco World Heritage Site that used to be an important window for Sino-foreign exchanges during the 19th and 20th century. The island is a popular attraction for architecture enthusiasts, providing a mixture of different architectural styles including Traditional Southern Fujian Style, Western Classical Revival Style and Veranda Colonial Style. You can hike up the Sun Rock to overlook the whole island, take a walk in the Shuzhuang Garden (including the Piano Museum) which is one of the finest Jiangnan classical gardens, visit the Hao Yue Garden containing architectures from the Ming Dynasty (including a statue of national hero Zheng Chenggong), the organ museum, and the international letter carving art museum. Don't forget to send yourself a postcard from the future at local stores!
Lijiang Ancient City
Lijiang·China
Ancient Settlement
The Lijiang Ancient City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has a history of over 800 years. It was an important stopover point in ancient times playing a very important role in the trading activities among Yunnan, China hinterland, Tibet, India and many other neighbouring Asian countries. The town is full of ancient wooden buildings, stone roads, and small bridges. It is the only old city built without a city wall. Standing in the city, you can see the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain. Several television series were also shot here. The former mansion of the Tusi people (Mu Mansion) and the Naxi ancient music performances should definitely be on your checklist. .
Situated in the Haidian District northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace is a Unesco World Heritage site that used to be the palace and garden of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty. It is the largest and most well preserved royal park in China. Construction of the palace began in 1750 and it served as a residential and entertainment area for the royal members. The palace underwent two major reconstructions after suffering damages during invasions by the Anglo-French Allied Forces and the Eight-Power Allied Forces during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Summer Palace can be divided into three sectors: a political activity area centered at the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity; an empress living area concentrated around the Hall of Jade Billows and Hall of Joy and Longevity; and a tour route concentrated along the long corridor, rear hill, and the west sector.
Humble Administrator's Garden
Suzhou·China
This is one of "China's Four Gardens" and a world cultural heritage site. The Humble Administrator's Garden is known for its water landscape that highlights the ambiance of the Southern Chinese villages built on bodies of water. It is elegant and delicately designed. In the garden, different kinds of ancient architecture were built on water. They are scattered strategically and not one is the same as another. The garden is divided into three parts: the east, the middle, and the west. Each part has its own characteristics, especially the central garden, which basically maintains the simple and natural style of the Ming Dynasty gardens and represents the best of the whole garden.
Badaling Great Wall
The Great Wall of Badaling in Yanqing, Beijing, is a pass for the Ming Great Wall. As the saying goes, "you are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall". Most locals take this spot to be the start of the ascent of the Great Wall. The Badaling Great Wall is the best-preserved and most complete section among the various great walls in Beijing. The total length of this sectionn is 7.5 miles (12 kilometers) with 43 watchtowers, however only 2.3 miles (3.74 kilometers) and 19 watchtowers have been restored and opened to visitors. Compared with other sections, most stairs are not very steep and they are equipped with handrails, so it is a relatively easier climb.
Dali Ancient City
Dali·China
Located at the foot of the beautiful Cangshan Mountain, Dali Ancient City is the capital of ancient Nanzhao and Dali countries. With a slow pace lifestyle, a relatively warm climate and beautiful natural surroundings, it is a very conducive place for living. Combing the ancient city for artsy shops and hipster cafes is a very therapeutic and thrilling experience. The third and fourth month of the lunar calendar is filled with a lot of local festivals. The famous San Yue Jie or "Third Month Street", is the biggest festival of the year for local Bai people. Merchants come from far and wide to set up street markets and sell their interesting array of goods. There's also horse racing, archery and other competitions throughout the day. Join in the fun if you happen to be there!
Emei Mountain
Emeishan·China
UNESCO World Heritage-Natural Site
Mount Emei is one of the four famous mountains of Chinese Buddhism, and it is also the temple of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva. There are numerous Buddhist monasteries in the mountains that combine to give this place a holy and serene atmosphere. The scenery in the mountains are beautiful. The four seasons each have their own characteristics. If you are lucky, you can see the sunrise and sea of clouds. Do note that the monkeys in Mount Emei are notoriously naughty. They are not afraid of people, and even take the initiative to ask tourists for food.
Historic Sites in Asia
Historic Sites in Singapore
Historic Sites in Thailand
Historic Sites in Malaysia
Historic Sites in Indonesia
Historic Sites in China
Historic Sites in South Korea
Historic Sites in Japan
Historic Sites in Philippines
Historic Sites in Vietnam
Historic Sites in Myanmar
Historic Sites in India
Historic Sites in Nepal


text:
Booneville High School may refer to:

 Booneville High School (Arkansas) - Booneville, Arkansas
 Booneville High School (Mississippi) - Booneville, Mississippi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tilarán es el octavo cantón de la provincia de Guanacaste, al norte de Costa Rica. Está ubicado en una zona montañosa al extremo oeste de la Sierra Minera de Tilarán, una sección de la Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste.

La ciudad de Tilarán está ubicada a  5 km al sur del lago Arenal, cuenta con una gran afluencia de turistas nacionales y extranjeros, pues es el punto exacto donde convergen las carreteras que comunican el Aeropuerto Daniel Oduber de Liberia, Monteverde y el Volcán Arenal. Desde esta ciudad es posible divisar los volcanes Miravalles y Tenorio y de unos cuantos kilómetros al este se divisa también el volcán Arenal.

Toponimia
Según el escritor Carlos Gagini, Tilarán ; proviene de las palabras en nahuatl Tilawa: llover mucho; y Tlan: lugar, que significa "Lugar de muchas lluvias". Por otro lado, en una versión muy similar, se dice que el nombre "Tilarán" proviene del vocablo indígena Tilawa, que quiere decir "Lugar de vientos y lluvias". Efectivamente por la brisa proveniente de las llanuras de San Carlos y por estar ubicado a 560 metros sobre el nivel del mar, el clima de Tilarán es bastante más fresco que en el resto de la provincia de Guanacaste, a pesar de que la altitud no es tan significativa.

Historia
En la época precolombina, el territorio que actualmente corresponde al cantón de Tilarán, estuvo habitado por indígenas del llamado grupo de los huetares. En la región existió una calzada de piedra o camino que atravesaba la sierra minera de Tilarán, pasando por los alrededores del volcán Arenal, que utilizaban los aborígenes para comunicarse entre los litorales Pacífico y Caribe.

A finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX se originó una migración de habitantes provenientes del Valle Central, principalmente de San Ramón, Alajuela, Poás, Atenas y otros lugares. Entre los años de 1880 y 1900 hubo dos factores importantes que atrajeron las corrientes migratorias a la zona; uno de ellos fue las minas de Abangares y el otro los bosques primitivos de cedro amargo, que requirieron de gran cantidad de mano de obra para explotarlos. En 1888 algunas familias penetraron hasta Santa Rosa (hoy villa Los Ángeles) donde se establecieron. Poco a poco los trabajadores se convirtieron en colonos, fundando en 1905, el caserío de La Cabra, localizada a un kilómetro al sureste de donde en este momento se asienta la ciudad de Tilarán.

La primera veta de oro en la zona minera de El Líbano fue descubierta en 1907, diez años después comenzó a explotarse.

La primera escuela se estableció a principios del siglo XX, en el caserío La Cabra. En 1908, el Gobierno se hizo cargo de cubrir el salario de la maestra; al año siguiente se construyó un aula, ubicada al este de la actual Catedral. En 1936, en la administración de León Cortés Castro, se inauguró el edificio bautizándose con el nombre de Escuela Central de Tilarán; en 1981 se rebautizó con el nombre de José María Calderón Mayorga. El Liceo Maurilio Alvarado Vargas inició sus actividades docentes en 1952, en la administración de Otilio Ulate Blanco, como una escuela complementaria hasta tercer año de educación secundaria; en 1984 se bautizó con el nombre actual. En 1966 por iniciativa de Monseñor Román Arrieta Villalobos, en ese momento, Obispo de la Diócesis de Tilarán, se creó el Instituto de Educación Familiar, Colegio Vocacional Femenino, que en un principio fue financiado por el episcopado alemán; actualmente se denomina Instituto Tilarense de Educación Familiar.

Por acuerdo No 457 del 26 de septiembre de 1910 de la Cartera de Gobernación, en atención a solicitud de los vecinos de la población de La Cabra, se le cambió el nombre por Tilarán. En relación con el nombre original de la ciudad, existe la versión que el mismo se debió, a que la quebrada quedaba cerca del lugar del cual nació el caserío, y el nombre de ésta a las cabras que la utilizaban como abrevadero; otra explicación se refiere a unos cazadores que encontraron a una hermosa cabra saciando su sed en las aguas de esa quebrada y desde entonces siguieron denominándole Quebrada La Cabra, nombre que posteriormente dieron al caserío que formaron próximo a sus márgenes.

La primera ermita se construyó en 1910, ubicada en el mismo lugar donde se encuentra hoy la Catedral. Durante el arzobispado de Monseñor Rafael Otón Castro Jiménez, primer arzobispo de Costa Rica, en el año de 1931, se erigió la parroquia, dedicada a San Antonio. El 22 de julio de 1961, por Constitución Apostólica Qui Aeque, se estableció la diócesis de Tilarán, de la Provincia Eclesiástica de Costa Rica, su primer Obispo fue y a la Iglesia se le otorgó la categoría de Catedral.

E1 22 de septiembre de 1913, por acuerdo ejecutivo, el barrio Tilarán subió a la categoría de distrito, como tercero del cantón de Cañas.

La primera cañería se construyó en 1913 con aguas del río Santa Rosa, en el cual se hizo una represa y por medio de una zanja por la cual se conducía el agua a un tanque. El alumbrado eléctrico se instaló en 1924; obras realizadas durante la primera y segunda administración de Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.

En la administración de Julio Acosta García, el 21 de agosto de 1923, en ley N.º 170, se le otorgó el título de Villa a la población de Tilarán, cabecera del cantón creado en esa oportunidad. Tiempo después, el 9 de agosto de 1945, en el gobierno de Teodoro Picado Michalski, se decretó la ley N.º 151 que le confirió a la villa la categoría de Ciudad.

El 7 de enero de 1924 se llevó a cabo la primera sesión del Consejo de Tilarán, integrado por lo regidores propietarios señores Alberto Vargas Madrigal, Presidente; José Calderón Herrera, Vicepresidente; Marciano Campos Elizondo, el Secretario Municipal fue Benjamín Arias y el jefe político Chalía Vega.

En 1927 se construye en los terrenos que actualmente está la escuela un nuevo edificio, más amplio y cómodo para hacer frente a la creciente matrícula. Cabe destacar que este terreno fue donado por el señor José María Calderón Mayorga. En 1954, se construyó el edificio que actualmente ocupa la escuela José María Calderón Mayorga. El 25 de julio de 1982, se bautiza la Escuela Central de Tilarán, con el nombre de José María Calderón Mayorga.

El primer director fue el señor Claudio Alvarado Oreamuno. La primera graduación fue en 1934, cuyos alumnos fueron: Marta Boniche Ugalde, Hilma Jenkins Chavarría, Julianita Echeverría López, Elvia Echeverría López, Ana María Arias Ugalde, Lía Azofeifa Álvarez, Hernán Elizondo Arce, Manuel Boniche Ugalde, Demetrio Boniche Ugalde, Rafael Ángel Zamora Gómez, Carlos Valerio Murillo, Juan Sandoval, Franklin Cabezas.

Por acuerdo n.º 457 del 26 de septiembre de 1910, de la Cartera de Gobernación, en atención a la solicitud de los vecinos de la población de La Cabra, se le cambió el nombre por Tilarán. Se cuenta que la iniciativa para tal solicitud se basó en la recomendación verbal del entonces Presidente de la República Lic. Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.

Con la incursión del Proyecto Hidroeléctrico de Arenal las condiciones de vida y las principales actividades económicas se vieron modificadas principalmente por la reubicación de las poblaciones y por el desarrollo del turismo, agroindustria, incremento en la ganadería de leche entre otras actividades a la vez que se daba inicio a un proceso de transformación cultural entre los habitantes del cantón.

Este proyecto tendría un embalse de 80 km² de área con capacidad para almacenar 1800 millones de m³ cúbicos de agua, lo cual varió con la ampliación de la presa Sangregado. El aprovechamiento de las aguas se planteó desde dos aspectos, uno la construcción de la planta Arenal-Corobicí y el otro en un Proyecto de Desarrollo de la Cuenca Baja del Río Tempisque, para solventar problemas de sequías durante la estación seca, los cuales perjudicaban las actividades agropecuarias de la región. Años más tarde la Planta de Sandillal vendría a convertirse en el tercer aspecto de aprovechamiento de las aguas provenientes de Arenal.

Cantonato
El cantón fue creado por la ley n.º 170 del 21 de agosto de 1923 donde se contempla la creación, límites y división territorial con solo cuatro distritos. Luego mediante decreto ejecutivo 12093G se da una modificación de los límites contando hoy con siete distritos, a saber: Tilarán, Quebrada Grande, Tronadora, Santa Rosa, Líbano, Tierras Morenas y Arenal; constituyendo cada uno un porcentaje del territorio.

Tilarán procede del cantón Cañas, establecido este último en decreto ejecutivo No 9 del 12 de julio de 1878.

Ubicación
Los límites del cantón son:
 Norte: Guatuso
 Oeste: Cañas
 Este: San Carlos
 Sureste: San Ramón
 Sur: Abangares y Monteverde

Geografía

La anchura máxima es de cuarenta y cuatro kilómetros, en dirección noroeste a sureste, desde la unión del río Corobicí, y Quebrada Peñasco, hasta la confluencia del caño Negro y el río San Gerardo.

División administrativa
Tilarán consta de los siguientes ocho distritos, con sus cabeceras y poblaciones totales (2020):

 Tilarán
 Quebrada Grande
 Tronadora
 Santa Rosa
 Líbano
 Tierras Morenas
 Arenal
 Cabeceras

Leyes y decretos de creación y modificaciones
 Acuerdo Ejecutivo 457 de 26 de septiembre de 1910 (Cambia de nombre "La Cabra" por "Tilarán").
 Acuerdo Ejecutivo 465 de 2 de septiembre de 1913 (Tilarán se eleva a la categoría distrito 3 del cantón Cañas).
 Ley 170 de 21 de agosto de 1923 (Creación, límites y división distrital de esta Unidad Administrativa, segregado de Cañas).
 Decreto 16 de 23 de septiembre de 1926 (Señala distrito Cañas y distritos de Tilarán).
 Ley 151 de 9 de agosto de 1945 (Título de ciudad a la villa Tilarán).
 Ley 4541 de 17 de marzo de 1970 (Creación y límites de cantón Guatuso colindante con esta Unidad Administrativa).
 Decreto Ejecutivo 10002-G de 16 de abril de 1979 (Creación y límites del distrito 7° Arenal).
 Decreto Ejecutivo 12093-G 26 de noviembre de 1980 (Modifica los límites del distrito 1).
 Ley 9868 del 8 de julio de 2020 (Creación del distrito 8° Cabeceras, del cantón VIII, Tilarán).

Demografía

De acuerdo con el Censo Nacional del 2011, la población del cantón era de 19.640 habitantes, de los cuales, el 5,7% nació en el extranjero. El mismo censo destaca que había 6.018 viviendas ocupadas, de las cuales, el 65,9% se encontraba en buen estado y había problemas de hacinamiento en el 2,5% de las viviendas. El 50,7% de sus habitantes vivían en áreas urbanas.

Entre otros datos, el nivel de alfabetismo del cantón es del 96,4%, con una escolaridad promedio de 7,3 años. El mismo censo detalla que la población económicamente activa se distribuye de la siguiente manera:
 Sector Primario: 19,9%
 Sector Secundario: 14,8%
 Sector Terciario: 65,3%

Economía

Turismo

La cercanía de este pueblo guanacasteco con el Lago Arenal, ha permitido llevar a cabo actividades deportivas como la "Vuelta al Lago en Bicicleta", considerado el evento de ciclismo recreativo más grande de Centroamérica y el reconocido "Campeonato Nacional Ecuestre de Resistencia", que establece su ruta alrededor de este lago.

Tilarán es famoso por sus fiestas, cuna de actividades como "Toros Extremos" donde se concentran las mejores ganaderías del país para llevar a cabo el espectáculo taurino de más auge y en uno de los escenarios taurinos más bellos del país.

Considerada por algunos como la cuna del Caballo Costarricense de Paso, Tilarán sigue dando de qué hablar en la cría y exportación de caballos de esta raza pues los animales provenientes de este cantón son los más cotizados del país por sus características y procedencia genética.

Tilarán era conocido antiguamente por sus minas de oro en el distrito de Líbano, y posteriormente, por el desarrollo del embalse del Lago Arenal y plantas generadoras de energía hidroeléctrica, así como eólica en la zona de Tejona. Hoy día es también una zona de vocación turística, especialmente en los alrededores del Lago Arenal y en los distritos de Arenal y Tronadora.

Tilarán es también la sede de la Diócesis de Tilarán-Liberia que cubre toda la provincia de Guanacaste. Su primer obispo fue Monseñor Román Arrieta Villalobos , quien posteriormente se convertiría en Arzobispo de San José. Le sucedió Monseñor Héctor Morera Vega, actualmente retirado. El obispo actual es Monseñor Girardi, originario de Italia.

La población de Tilarán es oriunda mayoritariamente del Valle Central, en particular de pueblos de la provincia de Alajuela y Heredia como Atenas, Grecia, Sabanilla, Fraijanes y Poás, entre otros.

Actualmente se dan recorridos en Catamarán por el Lago Arenal, y se realizan algunas otros actividades en la zona como cabalgatas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Portal Informativo De Tilarán
 Tilarán Info
 Municipalidad de Tilarán
 Plataforma Comercial de Tilarán

Tilarán


text:
Contacts	|
ESRI Bulgaria with the first prize for Aktiven.BG
The winners in the National Map Contest "Stories, Projects and Dreams on a Map"
The GIS Society in Bulgaria celebrated GIS Day 2019
Bulgaria will celebrate the International GIS Day on 13 November at Sofia hotel Balkan
The National GIS Contest "Stories, Projects and Dreams on a Map" is Launched
The pilot project for the Management of Iskar River begins
ESRI supports the young talents in the "We Love Maps" contest
The Ministry of Interior` GIS system won the "IT Project of the Year" award
Evgenia Karadjova was awarded a valuable map of the Black Sea from the XVI century
Rediscover Bulgaria with GIS – the winners in the national map contest
A record number of participants in the jubilee World GIS Day
BBLF awarded ESRI Bulgaria with a prize for best social policy at the annual awards for responsible business.
On February 23, 2012. at the Sheraton Hotel was distributed IX Annual awards for corporate social responsibility in Bulgarian Business Leaders Forum.This year the jury had a difficult task to select the winners from more than 60 projects competing in 6 categories. For the third year in a row chairman of the jury was Mrs. Mariya Fandakova, Mayor of Sofia and members of the committee were invited representatives of the business, government and NGOs media, including Mr. Mladenov, Minister of Labour and social Policy, Mr. Tsvetan Simeonov, President of the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Hon. Kore Anson, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Denmark, Mrs. Vicky Politova, CEO of bTV Media Group and many others. The purpose of the annual awards for socially responsible business is to show that successful business and investment in the community go together, and to demonstrate the best examples supporting this idea. The criteria on which winners were defined are: benefit to society, working in partnership with other organizations, involvement of the company in the implementation of projects, duration and consistency of initiative, innovation and evaluation by the public.
In the category of comprehensive social policy of small and medium enterprise, the jury this year determine the winner ESRI Bulgaria with the project Aktiven.BG. Aktiven.BG is the first initiative of its kind in Bulgaria, which stands on the latest Esri GIS technology for effective citizen participation in the local government. It provides to citizens an alternative to actively participate in improving the living conditions in their areas, submit timely and specific information about their noted failings (dangerous buildings, playgrounds, garbage, street potholes, icicles, and many others) by using special online platform http://aktiven.bg/. Included in the initiative organizations commit themselves to monitor the received signal and coverage status of the processing of the website. In this way, public organizations are open to citizens, realizing in practice the modern concept of e-governance based on effective two-way communication with civil society.
Aktiven.BG project has a very positive impact in the public domain. Every day more people join the initiative as report the irregularities. The number of participants in the social program public organizations is increasing. The project is not only a good example of a comprehensive social policy, it is also a step towards to the realization of a more efficient, more transparent and especially more adequate management. Management, in which individuals are the driving force.
ESRI Bulgaria
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Learn more about ESRI Bulgaria Personal Data Protection Policy.


We enjoyed fellowship with the Davis family at the Hawaiian banquet during the missions conference at the South Haven Baptist Church. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have served in Africa for over 40 years. What a blessing it was to meet them and listen to their experiences on the field.


text:
Gala kicks off fundraising effort for LLOP
Posted by Jane Harrison | Jul 31, 2021 | Features
Fundraising for the next phase of upgrades at Lake Lanier Olympic Park kicked off this year with high expectations for the park's continued evolution. The pricey 25th anniversary gala, with sponsorships advertised between $750 and $15,000 and individual tickets at $100, is part of the effort to raise $1.5 million. LLOP officials plan to add a new courtesy dock, sidewalks and an all-weather covering for the outdoor entertainment venue in phase 1.
Additionally, a proposal for demolition of the original 1996 Olympic boathouse is on the table with a plan to build a new facility within five years. The boathouse rebuild plans have been presented to the Gainesville city council, which would finance the project through its hotel/motel tax. Gainesville Tourism Director Robyn Lynch, who submitted the plan to the council, said the proposal would be advertised to contractors by the end of July. The total construction cost will be determined after a contractor is chosen. Groundbreaking was set for this fall.
New restrooms near the beach across Clarks Bridge from the Olympic finish tower are expected to be complete in September. "It's been a long time coming," Lynch said. The restrooms will replace portable toilets and a former eyesore in the beach/boathouse parking lot. Lynch indicated the delay came because of the lengthy process to obtain Army Corps of Engineers approval of the Lanier Olympic Foundation's master plan.
About two years ago the organization submitted a site improvement plan required by the Corps. The Corps had advised the foundation to include everything it could dream of for the next decade for the 35.5-acre park. The approved master plan diagram shows a picnic pavilion and patio on the boathouse side, new race control facilities and a safety dock, a boardwalk, walking trails, re-paved driveways and parking lots, plus potential acquisition and development of property abutting the Olympic plaza.
Lynch and Mimi Collins, Lanier Olympic Foundation chair since 2014, outlined the three projects targeted in the foundation's current fundraising campaign. A third courtesy dock would provide more on-the-water access. Last spring the foundation secured a second dock, donated by a neighborhood that was building a new one. Currently about 24 boats, depending on size, can moor up.
A walking trail along the lake, passing under Clarks Bridge, would connect the park's tower and boathouse sides. The 8-feet wide paved trail with a guardrail would be the second off-street connector between the two sides, the other being the pedestrian tunnel constructed under Clarks Bridge Road several years ago.
A covered pavilion, also referred to as a sunshade, is eyed for the top of the Olympic plaza. The structure, with drop down sides, would provide protection from the weather, allowing more year-round events.
"We're real excited about all that," Lynch said, adding she has been meeting with potential donors. The projects continue the culture expansion that has taken the park from more than a paddling and rowing venue to a favorite community gathering place and transformed it into Gainesville's top tourism revenue producer. Plans for LLOP aim to "continue providing a space for the public to recreate and gather safely and comfortably," according to Lynch's presentation to the Gainesville council. "(LLOP) seems much more like a place for everybody," Collins said. "It's an amazing asset."
PreviousPorch to Torch 5K Commemorative run/walk
NextLanier's Olympic venue still honors purpose
Jane Harrison
Jane is an outdoor enthusiast, runner, cyclist, hiker and career journalist who has covered outdoor activities in North Georgia and issues regarding Lake Lanier for more than two decades. She earned her BA in print journalism from the University of Georgia in 1979 and returned to UGA for her Master's in Mass Communication in 1998.
Bulloch Chapel celebrates 30 yrs on Lake Lanier
New docks, restrooms at LLOP
2021 Pirates of Lanier Poker Run a success
New sculptures roosting at Gainesville Garden


Tea is the most popular drink in the world after water. Despite its popularity, many people have never had the opportunity to be introduced to the basics of tea and how to make it, and it can be confusing to know where to start. For those looking to learn more about tea, this guide is meant to be that introduction.
Made by Kevin McGillivray and Alex Baranowski.


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text:
Craycroft Building
Downieville, California
Downieville's largest Gold Rush structure still standing has one of the longest bars in California.
The Craycroft Building today. Wiki User: Ken Lund (Creative Commons)
A plaque on the side of the building. Rachel James (Used with Permission)
The Craycroft Building and a bridge (although it is unlikely that this is the bridge where Josefa was hung). Wiki User: Ken Lund (Creative Commons)
Top Places in California
Helios House
California City: The Unbuilt Suburb
Crestline, California
Built in 1852, the Craycroft Building has been a home to a courthouse, Masons, a men's clothing store, a restaurant, a jail, and a printing office, but its always been a saloon at heart.
Rebuilt during the gold rush as a saloon after the first hewn log structure burned in the town's first of many large fires, the huge brick building was erected by Jack Craycroft using locally fired brick and stone. The gorgeous interior was just as grand as the outside of the massive watering hole with a suspended platform for musicians that hung from iron rods above the dance floor and a 70-foot long bar for the miners to belly up to. The building is a key player in many of Downieville's local tales, including that of Josefa Segovia, the only woman ever lynched in California.
On the 4th of July, 1851, Josefa had been sitting in Jack Craycroft's gambling house and drinking establishment with her dealer boyfriend when a drunken Scot by the name of Frederick Cannon grabbed (some say groped) the shoulder of the young Mexican lady. Insulted and furious, the petite woman whipped a knife out from her garter and threatened Cannon, who was spirited away by tipsy friends who wished to squash the incident.
Later that evening, an even more inebriated Cannon was carousing through town. When he arrived at Josefa's door, some say he went in to apologize for his earlier transgression, while others insist he kicked the door in, furious that the Mexican woman had dared to threaten him earlier. Regardless of his intention, Josefa did not take kindly to the intrusion, and stuck her blade into his throat.
An angry crowd immediately formed, and it's said that Juanita went to seek shelter from a lynch mob in the place where the altercation began—Craycroft's establishment. A mock trail was thrown together, and despite cooler heads insisting that she be given a fair trial and a doctor testifying that she was pregnant, she was deemed guilty by the mob, and after being allowed to change into her Sunday best, he was led to a newly hung noose swinging from the bridge that went through town. It is said that Josefa, defiant until the very last moment, threw her hat to the crowd, declared that if the opportunity presented itself she would do nothing differently, and stepped off of the boards herself after calling out "Adios Senores!". Her death was considered a blight on the history of Downieville as well as the entire state, and Josefa remains the only woman ever lynched in California to this day.
The Craycroft building still stands, housing several offices and of course, a saloon.
Atlas Obscura Trips
Private Trip: Photographing Palm Springs
Join National Geographic author, photographer, and Palm Springs resident Christopher P. Baker on this privately guided, one-of-a-kind photography workshop.
gold rush crime and punishment bars
http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/ca/downieville.html
http://www.malakoff.com/goldcountry/downievi.htm
http://www.malakoff.com/goldcountry/mcdocb.htm
Golden Chain Highway
Downieville, California, 95936
Malakoff Diggins
Firehouse No. 1 Museum
Nevada Theatre
The beauty and the beast of hydraulic mining is on full display at this California Historic State Park.
This fully intact Neoclassical-Greek Revival style firehouse operated until 1938.
California's oldest existing theater building hosted an impressive cast of celebrities, including hosting Mark Twain's first lecture.
Old Stonehouse Brewery
A watering hole where the options for seating include a bar, patio, or subterranean cave.
White Oaks, New Mexico
No Scum Allowed Saloon
In a largely deserted ghost town, a little brick building recalls its history as a gold rush hub and haven for outlaws.
Skagway, Alaska
Red Onion Saloon
Originally a brothel during the Klondike Gold Rush, this bar once used dolls to denote when ladies were working.
The Last Resort Bar
Where serial killer Aileen Wuornos drank her last beer.
The Star Tavern
The bar where "The Great Train Robbery" was planned was once a nexus of high society and low morals.


County Line Oct 2006 Made this one to the beach!
Wellfleet '07 Sunrise Air:32 Water:59 Overhead and Empty. Sweet!
NEW!! An illustrated PDF account of a recent surf-trip to Isla Natividad, Baja Sur.
Michael has been an active surfer since his teenage years. He tried to start surfing in the 50's on Cape Cod's Ballston Beach with an old Hawaiian hollow-core paddle board. This had been left in the garage of an old sea captain who had sailed to "Sandwich Islands" many times in his career. Must have been a souvenir. In any case, this first attempt at surfing didn't go too well, the old, dried-out paddle board took on lots of water through its open seams and sank rather quickly.


Just imagine having your own 34 acres lot for your private hunting ground. With little Sue river running on back end of land. Huge garage and shop, then to top that off additional huge shop for those projects you need to get done. The home has archways throughout, with nice mud room at front entry. Bedrooms are great size with open floor plan, stainless steel appl and much more. Farm animal ok!


text:
Former Representative for Michigan's 4th District
Ketcham was the representative for Michigan's 4th congressional district and was a Republican. He served from 1931 to 1933.
He was previously the representative for Michigan's 4th congressional district as a Republican from 1927 to 1931; the representative for Michigan's 4th congressional district as a Republican from 1925 to 1927; the representative for Michigan's 4th congressional district as a Republican from 1923 to 1925; and the representative for Michigan's 4th congressional district as a Republican from 1921 to 1923.
I live in Michigan's 4th congressional district.
From Apr 1921 to Mar 1933, Ketcham missed 112 of 953 roll call votes, which is 11.8%. This is better than the median of 16.4% among the lifetime records of representatives serving in Mar 1933. The chart below reports missed votes over time.
1921 Jul-Aug 48 11 22.9% 52nd
1921 Oct-Nov 29 3 10.3% 30th
Dec 1921-Feb 1922 48 6 12.5% 23rd
1922 Mar-May 47 1 2.1% 2nd
1922 Sep-Sep 13 1 7.7% 16th
Dec 1922-Mar 1923 60 7 11.7% 27th
Dec 1923-Feb 1924 30 0 0.0% 0th
1924 Mar-May 85 1 1.2% 6th
Dec 1924-Mar 1925 54 1 1.9% 25th
Dec 1925-Feb 1926 22 1 4.5% 24th
1926 Mar-May 37 1 2.7% 25th
1926 Jun-Jul 22 1 4.5% 32nd
Dec 1927-May 1928 54 4 7.4% 24th
Dec 1928-Mar 1929 18 0 0.0% 0th
Dec 1929-Feb 1930 9 0 0.0% 0th
1930 Jun-Jul 21 15 71.4% 91st


The focused topics of webinars encourage engagement of participants interested in the same issues. Webinars can be viewed from the comfort of your own office and most are recorded for registered participants to view again later.
Join MSBA Advocacy staff for this FREE Webinar to get information on hot bills moving through the legislature. Get the information you need to speak to legislators while they are home for their spring break. Make sure your legislators know how these bills would impact your school district if passed!
From the comfort of your own office.


text:
require 'test_helper'

describe Aliyun::Odps::Resources do
  describe 'list instances' do
    it 'should return list object' do
      query = { maxitems: 3, status: 'Terminated' }
      stub_client_request(
        :get,
        "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances",
        {
          query: query
        },
        file_path: 'instances/list.xml',
        headers: {
          content_type: 'application/xml'
        }
      )

      list = project.instances.list(query)
      assert_kind_of(Aliyun::Odps::List, list)
      assert_equal('MjAxNTExMTAwMzA3MjIzODRnaGlzdDczOCo=', list.marker)
      assert_equal(3, list.max_items)
    end

    it 'should raise RequestError' do
      stub_fail_request(:get, %r{/projects/#{project_name}/instances})
      assert_raises(Aliyun::Odps::RequestError) do
        assert_kind_of(Array, project.instances.list)
      end
    end
  end

  describe 'create' do
    it 'should create new instance' do
      location = "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances/UUIDJobName"
      task = Aliyun::Odps::InstanceTask.new(
        type: 'SQL',
        name: 'SqlTask',
        comment: 'TaskComment',
        property: { 'key1' => 'value1' },
        query: 'SELECT * FROM test_table;'
      )
      args = [[task], name: 'JobName', comment: 'JobComment', priority: 1]
      stub_client_request(
        :post,
        "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances",
        {
          file_path: 'instances/create.xml'
        },
        headers: {
          Location: location
        }
      )

      instance = project.instances.create(*args)
      assert_kind_of(Aliyun::Odps::Instance, instance)
      assert_equal('UUIDJobName', instance.name)
      assert_equal(location, instance.location)
    end

    it 'should create new instance without task comment' do
      location = "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances/JobName"
      task = Aliyun::Odps::InstanceTask.new(type: 'SQL', name: 'SqlTask', query: 'SELECT * FROM test_table;')
      args = [[task], name: 'JobName', comment: 'JobComment', priority: 1]
      stub_client_request(
        :post,
        "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances",
        {
          file_path: 'instances/create2.xml'
        },
        headers: {
          Location: location
        }
      )

      instance = project.instances.create(*args)
      assert_kind_of(Aliyun::Odps::Instance, instance)
      assert_equal('JobName', instance.name)
      assert_equal(location, instance.location)
    end

    it 'should create new instance with invalid name' do
      task = Aliyun::Odps::InstanceTask.new(type: 'SQL', name: 'SqlTask', query: 'SELECT * FROM test_table;')
      args = [[task], name: '1invalidJobName', comment: 'JobComment', priority: 1]
      assert_raises(Aliyun::Odps::InstanceNameInvalidError) do
        project.instances.create(*args)
      end
    end

    it 'should create new instance with more than one task' do
      location = "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances/UUIDJobName"
      task1 = Aliyun::Odps::InstanceTask.new(
        type: 'SQL',
        name: 'SqlTask',
        comment: 'TaskComment',
        property: { 'key1' => 'value1' },
        query: 'SELECT * FROM test_table;'
      )
      task2 = Aliyun::Odps::InstanceTask.new(
        type: 'SQL',
        name: 'SqlTask2',
        comment: 'TaskComment2',
        property: { 'key1' => 'value1' },
        query: 'SELECT * FROM test_table;'
      )
      args = [[task1, task2], name: 'JobName', comment: 'JobComment', priority: 1]
      stub_client_request(
        :post,
        "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances",
        {
          file_path: 'instances/create3.xml'
        },
        headers: {
          Location: location
        }
      )

      instance = project.instances.create(*args)
      assert_kind_of(Aliyun::Odps::Instance, instance)
      assert_equal('UUIDJobName', instance.name)
      assert_equal(location, instance.location)
    end

    it 'should raise RequestError' do
      stub_fail_request(:post, %r{/projects/#{project_name}/instances})
      task = Aliyun::Odps::InstanceTask.new(
        type: 'SQL',
        name: 'sql1',
        comment: 'test SQL',
        query: 'select * from table1 limit 1;'
      )
      assert_raises(Aliyun::Odps::RequestError) do
        assert_kind_of(String, project.instances.create([task]))
      end
    end
  end

  describe 'status' do
    it 'should view instance status' do
      stub_client_request(
        :get,
        "#{endpoint}/projects/#{project_name}/instances/instancename",
        {},
        file_path: 'instances/status.xml',
        headers: {
          content_type: 'application/xml'
        }
      )
      assert_equal('Terminated', project.instances.status('instancename'))
    end

    it 'should raise RequestError' do
      stub_fail_request(:get, %r{/projects/#{project_name}/instances/newinstance})
      assert_raises(Aliyun::Odps::RequestError) do
        assert_kind_of(Hash, project.instances.status('newinstance'))
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
De townsendchipmunk (Tamias townsendii)  is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Bachman in 1839.

Voorkomen
De soort komt voor in Canada en de Verenigde Staten.

Eekhoorns
Dier uit het Nearctisch gebied
IUCN-status niet bedreigd


We stock a range of products to help you hold and contain various substances, these products are ideal for every trade. The products within this range include bins & incinerators, buckets, watering cans & tar cans, funnels, measuring jugs & containers and salt & grit bins.
Additionally we offer a quick and protected delivery on all of our products to certify you receive the item quickly and securely. Next day delivery is available on items we currently store in stock, and we also deliver a free distribution service on any order over £100.
Contact us at any time, one of our customer support representatives will be pleased to help on 01206 823448, or via the website. Alternatively email: sales@sibbons.co.uk. Why not join us on Facebook as well to keep up to date with the latest developments in work clothing safety standards.


Alcohol is a big part of society - we drink to celebrate successes, to wish congratulations and even commiserations. While in moderation, drinking isn't considered a serious issue, when it becomes excessive, concerns arise. If an individual is turning to drink as a coping mechanism - as a way to deal with life's stressors - then it is considered a problem.
Alcohol dependency (also known as alcoholism or alcohol addiction) is the uncontrollable desire for alcohol. Like any other addiction, alcohol dependence is incredibly hard to break. It can harm the mind, body and social life of the individual. It can affect the people around them too, as they watch their loved one fade away.
But support is available. Through the support of loved ones and professionals, and treatment options such as counselling and hypnotherapy, you can overcome the addiction.
Being alcohol dependent means you feel you're unable to relax or enjoy yourself without a drink, you may feel like you are unable to function at all without drinking; that it has become an important, or the most important, factor in your life. And alcohol dependency doesn't necessarily equate to extreme drinking all the time. If you are drinking regularly - as a way to unwind, or cope with particularly stressful situations - you are likely to have at least a degree of alcohol dependency.
There are a number of factors thought to contribute to an individual developing an alcohol dependency. Alcohol dependence can stem from using drink as a way to cope with stressful events, such as bereavement or redundancy. It may seem like nothing - a normal part of your life - and you may not think it's a problem at first, but over time, relying on alcohol as a way of emotional support will become second-nature to you. When you immediately turn to drink instead of dealing with the situation, it is a cause for concern.
It may also come down to your environment and past experiences. For example, if your family's attitude to alcohol is one that is drinking as a coping mechanism, yours may be the same.
Like many other drugs, alcohol can be both physically and psychologically addictive. If you're worried about your own drinking habits, or someone else's, there are some signs to look out for.
Worrying about when your next drink will be and planning social, family and work events around alcohol.
You no longer feel you have the ability to stop drinking, even if you want to.
Drinking early in the day, or feeling the need to drink in the morning.
Feeling the need to drink when under pressure or during stressful situations.
When you don't drink, you experience physical withdrawal symptoms such as sweating, shaking and nausea, and these stop when you do drink.
If you recognise any of the above signs in yourself or are worried about a friend, know that there is help available. If you're worried about your own drinking, but don't feel comfortable speaking to friends, you can talk to your GP or a professional - like a counsellor. There are also support groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, where you can seek support from those who know what you're going through.
If you're worried about a friend, approaching the subject may be difficult, but letting them know you are concerned and are there if they need you, can help. It's important you speak to them calmly and without judgement. Express your concern without being accusatory and support them through the journey.
If they're not ready to talk right now, that's OK, don't push them. Addiction can take over a person's life, and they may feel like they have no control, so support them as much as you can while they work things out.
If you are interested in hypnotherapy, you can use our search tool to find a hypnotherapist.
Reducing your alcohol intake has many benefits, not only is it good for you mentally and physically, it can save you money too. Of course, this is much easier said than done, especially if you are in some way alcohol dependent.
While counselling and hypnotherapy can help you understand and overcome any underlying issues, there are some steps you can practise to help yourself.
Try and reduce the amount you drink in the week, like alcohol-free days or weekend only-drinking.
Limit your exposure to alcohol. It's OK to say no to social events if you're not ready.
Try alternatives. Consider mocktails or alcohol-free occasions with friends.
Ask your partner to join you in cutting down. Having support makes it much easier.
Instead of drinking as a stress relief, go walking or do something you previously enjoyed.
Talk about how you feel. Instead of keeping your concerns to yourself and drinking as a way of a solution, talk about your worries. You'll be surprised at how effective this can be.
Track your progress. Drinkaware has a great online portal where you can track your progress, find support and celebrate achievements.
Addiction can be incredibly isolating. You may feel like you're stuck with no control, but know that support is available and you can get better.
If you're not ready to speak to a professional, there are a number of charities and support groups across the UK that may be helpful, such as Alcoholics Anonymous or Drinkline, a free confidential helpline (0300 123 1110).


The Magic Mushroom tries to keep the memory of Marc Mushroom alive with an extra-long programme full of Indorock, Nederbiet and early Dutch psychedelia. 90 tracks. Hope it works out. I feel a bit tired already.
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