What is Ecom Cash Crusher all about?
Can you make money with a drop shipping store?
How about a business model that you can start for absolutely no money?
can get set up today, in under 5 minutes. Watch the software demo to see exactly what I mean.
Really? Setup in 5 minutes and work 23 minutes a day to make 2 grand? If that is the case, then I'm in!
However, let's not too excited about this, I review a lot of "make money online" systems, and this one sounds a little too good to be true. First thing first. I will watch the sales video tell you all about it in my review.
However, if you are here because you need a real method of making money, you should check out my method and how I make money online. It's NOT a "get-rich-quick" method either!
Well, the sales page is a typical ClickBank sales page. There are some red flags right at the beginning.
It is "an incredible and revolutionary new system and our members raking up to $40,000 every single month and what's even more surprising is that you don't need any particular skill or specialist qualifications to make money".
Then there is this guy that says that he has made $100,000 in profits in his first 2 months, but again "Fiverr actor"!!!
And you have this gentleman saying he had no experience whatsoever but made $800 in his first 3 hours!!!!
This is what I don't get!
If this was such an incredible opportunity, why would the "owner" of this system hire actors to tell fake stories, that are pure lies!
And of course, the hype! Right after the fake testimonies, you have the usual hyped-up money claims! Here is a screenshot of the sales video showing David Anderson's "bank account" with over 1.2 million dollars in it.
I believe this is also pure B.S. – This could have easily been created with a photoshop software! Another red flag!
Then we finally hear about who's behind this system. We saw in the "bank screenshot" his name and he introduces himself as David in the sales video.
"David Anderson" the supposed owner (I haven't found anything anywhere about this guy that could verify he's the owner of this product, so it's probably a pen name), has had a sad story about how his father died when he was young and he had to support his family.
These stories are all about prying on people's emotions and get them involved personally with their own stories. Believe me, David is just a fragment of the real owner's imagination. So enough about the "fluff". Let's see what this system is really about.
Tired of wasting your time trying to find a real method of earning online?
The money-making "secret" you will get if you buy this product is actually not a secret at all.
It's dropshipping with a Shopify store.
This business model is a way of selling a physical product without actually having to hold any inventory.
What you have to do is create a partnership with some product wholesaler, and when someone buys the product through your Shopify store, the wholesaler supplies the merchandise directly to the customer, and bills you.
You make the sale and the profit from the sale is yours to keep.
So let's see how we are going to make "$2,000 per day working 23 minutes a day" like I was told.
What you get for $37 (without buying the numerous upsells before getting there) is video training and PDF's.
Here's a look at the member's area.
The first thing I noticed is that, like a lot of ClickBank's products, they offer you a "free commission website".
The thing about this is that first of all, "Optimal Hosting" is no longer in business, which is a clear indicator that this system is just a rehashed funnel and that this "free offer" was to get more affiliate commissions to the owner. Oh, and there is NO WAY that it's worth $2,995!
I tried to reach optimalhosting.com and got the screenshot below. And when I clicked on optmialhosting.net I was redirected to a "suspended account" page.
Then there is a second funnel to John Crestani's webinar, which in this case is real but also very popular in these kinds of ClickBank's systems. I have reviewed John's "Super Affiliate System", and it is worth the try if you have money!
As you can see, you will get something for your money. Inside each of those modules are video training, and PDFs workbooks on how to create and set up your Shopify Store.
READ Money Looper [Review] - make money within 8 minutes?
I will not go into details here, but I did find that there is good information in them and it's probably worth $37. However, you can also find a lot of similar products on sites like Udemy and probably for a little cheaper.
One thing I like about this system is "Goal Setting". This is not contained in a lot of products I review and it is what anyone should start with anything that they are doing.
The short answer is Yes! However, you will have to learn the ropes about this business model, and you will have to make significant investments to make it profitable.
And how are you going to get the traffic to your store? You can either get it for free by using SEO, and this will take time and a lot of work to get you on the search engines top pages. Or you can buy it, by using all of the different methods of paid traffic, like Solo ads and PPC, but this could end up costing you a little fortune.
Both methods work! But they have to be mastered by you the user to be efficient.
Whether it is a Shopify e-commerce, Affiliate Marketing, Network Marketing or any kind of business for that matter, there is no way that someone just starting out will make the kind of money they claim you will make.
ALL of this is without mentioning the fact that you will have to create a website, find products to sell, add the products to your website, write product descriptions, research products and suppliers, have some kind of customer support too.
So, if we think back about the "sales pitch" from my email, I really doubt that someone could do all of this with just 23 minutes of work per day!
But to be "fair", this system (Or maybe we should call it a "training" because that is really what it is, a training!) will show you how to set up your Shopify store and will also show you how to promote it with solo ads, Facebook and YouTube.
You do get some videos and PDF's for your money.
Make a ton of money with hardly any work!
Fake owner or we should say that the real owner is not showing his face anywhere!
The main issue I have with this product is the fact that they claim that you will make thousands of dollars right off the gate, which is simply not realistic!
This level of deception is what makes me say that they are just fluffing things up just to get you in and get your credit card number. Then they hit you with numerous upsells.
I am not saying that what they offer with their system is not worth the initial $37 and I am not discrediting the videos and/or the PDF workbooks. But the method of selling their system really unethical! Plus the fact you are hit with upsells right away, to me that is saying that the original system is not enough in their point of view, even though they claim it is in their sales pitch.
Is it a scam? Well, no it's not a scam.
The definition of a scam is someone or some fraudulent business or scheme that takes money or other goods from an unsuspecting person. In this case, because you are getting a product for your money and you are able to get your money back if you are not satisfied, we cannot classify it as a scam.
Is it worth $37? I guess so. But that is my own personal opinion. I will leave this decision to you. If you do decide to try it, be prepared to put in a lot of money and a lot more time than they say you need to put in.
What if I told you that you could start your own online business for absolutely no money down.
If you are on this page today, it's because you are looking for a way to make legit money online.
Like you, a few years ago, I was searching for a way to earn online. During my search, I ended up on a training platform that teaches affiliate marketing.
Unlike e-commerce stores, with affiliate marketing, your major task is to promote other people's product or services, to include an affiliate link to that product, and drive traffic to your website. Once you get a buyer to click on your offer and they purchase the item or the product, you get a commission.
There is no inventory and no product to create or buy.
Like I said earlier, you can start your own online business for FREE.
There are no obligations whatsoever! If you decide it's not for you, you can walk away without having to request a refund, there is no credit card required to access this platform.
They will even provide you with 2 (two) FREE websites that are yours to keep, and 10 video lessons to get you going!
I also wrote an e-book called "Work Online From Home And Make Real Money" and I am giving it away for FREE.
Click on the e-book below and get your free copy today!
How did I find out that this is a website that should be considered to be a false deception? To me, it is a very good lesson that I learned from you and now I will be prepared in the future. I have a question for you. How do I know when a website may be a scam or a fake so that we may be aware of these fake and false promises and we do not become their victims in the future and lose money and time?
Great question. You have to realize that when it sounds too good to be true, well it usually is, and that is the first thing you must consider when looking up any kind of systems that promise you to be rich overnight. There are tons of systems like this one and you must first do your due diligence and find out if they are legit or not.
Most of the time they are fake. There are more fake programs than there are real ones. I suggest that you check out the platform I recommend in my article, that one is REAL and I guarantee that there is nothing fake. Its a community of real people! Wealthy Affiliate is how I make money online and I recommend it to anyone looking for a real way of succeeding with their online businesses!
Thank for taking your precious time to write this eCom Cash Crusher review. I would say this is their modus operandi to lure you into their sale funnel by offering low price frontend product and immediately they bombard you with high price upsell. Further, there are red flags found in their sale page and you have done a job identifying them.
Once again, thank you very much for alerting us about eCom Cash Crusher.
Hi, and thanks for stopping by and commenting on my article.
Yes, there are multiple red flags and I try and expose these kinds of systems for what they really are! You would be better off with a real platform like the one I recommend. Wealthy Affiliate is real, nothing fake about it!
Hello, thanks for writing this review of ecom cash crusher. I am so tired of hearing of these scams and something should be done to prevent them from opening sites to defraud people. The internet should be a great place for everyone to make money. Reviews of these kinds of sites are great and a wonderful way to prevent people from falling for them. Thanks again.
Unfortunately, there is nothing that can be done except expose them to people that take the time to do some research before they click and buy! And I am grateful that you have checked out my review before you bought it.
I suggest that you take a look at my recommendation, Wealthy Affiliate is a great platform that is not a scam and does not ask for money for you to try it.


Last week, Kimberly Long, the main character in Blogger Girl, took a trip to London to visit Emma Beckett, the main character in Talli Roland's charming chick lit novel The Pollyanna Plan. I have yet to visit London, but through Kim, I got to see Primrose Hill, Regent's Park and many other beautiful destinations across the Atlantic. You can read all about it here.
Beginning November 4th, Blogger Girl is going on tour with Chick Lit Blog Tours. During the three week tour, reviews of Blogger Girl will be posted on such awesome blogs as Chick Lit Plus, Book Mama, Jersey Girl Book Reviews, Storm Goddess Book Reviews, Little Black Book Blog and more, along with guest posts on Books in the Burbs, Chick Lit Club Connect, Outside the Lines and more. I can't wait!
Finally, on November 7th, I will be jetting off to Toronto for BookBuzz Toronto. Some of you may remember the author "mix and mingle" I co-organized with my author "besties" Samantha ("Sam") Stroh Bailey and Francine LaSala in New York City in May. The event was so successful that it's going global! I'm so excited to see both Sam and Francine again and I cannot wait to meet the other participating authors: Cat Lavoie, Samantha March, Lydia Laceby, Heather Wardell, Kate Hilton, Chantel Guertin and Romi Moondi. And I'm super stoked to meet one of my favorite bloggers, Kaley Stewart from Books etc., face-to-face. I've honestly never met a Canadian I didn't like and since Canada is the home of some of my favorite televisions shows like Degrassi High and Being Erica, I know it's going to be fun!
So, as you can see, there is a lot of "getting around" in my near future. Happy travels!
The Casting of Blogger Girl Series – Bridget the BFF!
Welcome to the third installment of The Casting of Blogger Girl Series! To recap, we've already cast Isla Fisher in the role of our heroine, Kimberly Long and Matt Long in the role of *swoon worthy* Nicholas Strong. Today, I am going to cast the role of Bridget, Kimberly's best friend since the 7th grade.
At the opening of Blogger Girl, Bridget, like Kim, is a single lady. "Gun shy after after an uncharacteristic one-night-stand generously left her with a case of crabs, she hadn't done anything with anyone in over a year." From Kim's perspective, Bridget is a beauty, but she doesn't take her looks too seriously or seem to have any idea how pretty she really is. Although I barely remembered my life pre-Bridget, every once in a while it hit me how stunning she was, mostly when she substituted her usual attire of cargo pants and T-shirts she collected from various rock concerts for more trendy pieces. Tonight she was wearing dark blue skinny jeans, a form-fitting glittery grey top and matching high grey boots. Her long cherry red hair, normally up in a messy ponytail, cascaded down to her chest in curls and she had done her makeup to emphasize her emerald colored eyes.
Once Isla Fisher was eliminated, I considered Amy Adams but I thought she might be too old for the role. I also wasn't sure I could see the chemistry between Amy and Isla, whereas Kim and Bridget are super close.
Very few readers have commented on who they pictured as Bridget, but Melissa Amster from Chick Lit Central suggested Ari Graynor. I don't love this choice only because I see Ari Graynor as more as the comic sidekick and although Bridget does instigate much of the humor in the book, she's also supposed to be really pretty. No offense to Ms. Graynor but I don't think she quite makes the grade in that regard.
So, now we come to my choice. This actress is stunning, yet she's played the tomboy role before and I think she could absolutely pull off the laid back Bridget. Although her hair is usually blonde, she has also worn it red and I'm not entirely sure which is her natural shade. I could also picture this actress as Isla Fisher's best friend and most trusted confidante on screen. So, without further ado, let me introduce you to Bridget!
What do you think of my choice? Love it? Hate it? Indifferent? Who would you have picked? And stay tuned for next week for the final installment – The stinging Queen Bee, Hannah Marshak!
Guest post and giveaway – Jami Deise, author of Keeping Score!
If you love baseball too, or even if you are just a betting woman (or man), read Jami's post below for a chance to win an ecopy of Keeping Score!
It's the post-season for Major League Baseball, the time when casual fans start paying closer attention and true fans become fanatics. Most baseball fans develop a love for the sport in childhood, either by playing the game themselves or through a parent who loved a specific team.
I was brought up to love football.
Baseball, not so much. Homeruns were kind of exciting but what usually happened was the batter would hit the ball to a fielder, the fielder would throw the ball to first, and the guy would be out. Or the ball would go high in the air, and the fielder would catch it, and the guy would be out.
Meanwhile, back on the gridiron… interception! Returned for a touchdown! Did you see that!!!
Tom Hanks famously said, "There's no crying in baseball." Well, sadly, there are no turnovers in baseball either.
While football – and basketball, and hockey, and any sport whose players spend most of their time running rather than standing in place – is about action, baseball is about drama. And believe me, there is nothing more dramatic than the 3-2 pitch, with 2 outs and bases loaded. That's the kind of drama that can give a person a stomachache. Especially for the person whose child is the one on the mound or at the plate.
If you want to develop a deep appreciation for the sport, sign up your kid to play. Not only will it force you to learn the intricacies of the in-field fly rule and what "tagging up" means, you'll become intimately acquainted with the strange attraction that blind men seem to have to the occupation of baseball umpire.
As baseball began taking up more and more of my son's life – and mine, by extension – I found myself enjoying professional baseball more than ever. Not because I'd suddenly developed a longer attention span or even that I could tell the difference between a curve ball and a change-up (usually.) No, the reason why I suddenly found those games enjoyable was because that man who just struck out? That guy who just walked the bases loaded? I did not give birth to him!!!
This post-season, I'll be rooting for my adoptive hometown team, the Tampa Bay Rays, for as long as they're in it. (They may be out by October 3rd.) I also like the Indians, the Red Sox, and the Dodgers. Oh, and Meredith, I'm so sorry the Yankees are watching from their living room couches this October. I am just crying for your team. Yeah, right. 😉 For the baseball fans out there, I'm offering a free Kindle or Nook copy of my mother-son baseball book, "Keeping Score," to everyone who correctly predicts which two teams will make it to the World Series this year. Just post your predictions in the comments section below by October 15th. The Series starts October 23rd, so we might not know the winners until October 22. Good luck and go Rays!
When her son Sam asks to try out for a travel baseball team, divorced mom Shannon Stevens thinks it'll be a fun and active way to spend the summer. Boy, is she wrong! From the very first practice, Shannon and Sam get sucked into a mad world of rigged try-outs, professional coaches, and personal hitting instructors. But it's the crazy, competitive parents who really make Shannon's life miserable. Their sons are all the second coming of Babe Ruth, and Sam isn't fit to fetch their foul balls. Even worse, Shannon's best friend Jennifer catches the baseball fever. She schemes behind the scenes to get her son Matthew on the town's best baseball team, the Saints. As for Sam? Sorry, there's no room for him! Sam winds up on the worst team in town, and every week they find new and humiliating ways to lose to the Saints.
And the action off the field is just as hot. Shannon finds herself falling for the Saints' coach, Kevin. But how can she date a man who didn't think her son was good enough for his team … especially when the whole baseball world is gossiping about them? Even Shannon's ex-husband David gets pulled into the mess when a randy baseball mom goes after him. As Sam works to make friends, win games and become a better baseball player, Shannon struggles not to become one of those crazy baseball parents herself. In this world, it's not about whether you win, lose, or how you play the game… it's all about KEEPING SCORE.
A lifelong resident of Maryland, Jami Deise recently moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, along with her husband Tom, son Alex, and dog Lady. A baseball mom for over 10 years, "Keeping Score" is her first novel. Jami is an associate reviewer at www.chicklitcentral.com and a generalist reader for an NYC-based literary agency. Along with women's fiction, she loves all things horror and watches too much TV.
DON'T FORGET TO COMMENT WITH YOUR WORLD SERIES PREDICTIONS FOR A CHANCE TO WIN! IF YOU DON'T WIN, NO WORRIES, KEEPING SCORE WILL BE ON SALE FOR 99 CENTS ON AMAZON NEXT WEEK!!
Cover reveal – Vegas to Varanasi by Shelly Hickman!
I'm excited to reveal the cover for the upcoming release of Vegas to Varanasi, by author Shelly Hickman. The release is scheduled for December 1st. After enjoying the cool cover and intriguing blurb, keep reading for an opportunity to read a free advanced copy of the book!!
Anna has never been the beautiful one; she's always been the nice one. So when the gorgeous man sitting across the table at a wedding reception remembers her from high school—and quite fondly at that—she's taken off guard. Formerly overweight and unpopular, Kiran has never forgotten Anna, the one person who was kind to him when no one else could be bothered, and Anna's a bit flustered as she slowly comes to grips with his intense attraction for her. In what feels like a romantic dream come true, all-grown-up, hunky Kiran invites Anna on a trip to Varanasi. But her troubled, whack-a-do ex-boyfriend starts interfering, creating drama at every turn, which begs the question, "Can nice girls really finish first?
Reviews can be a pain in the patootie to accumulate, but are so very important to authors. As part of my cover reveal, I'm offering an advanced reader copy to anyone who would be willing to share a review on Amazon (and Goodreads, if it's not too much trouble) during the first week of December. If you are interested, please contact me at sydneyhickman91@gmail.com, or message me on Facebook, indicating in which format you would like your ARC (Kindle, Nook, or pdf), and I will gladly send you a copy.
Living in Las Vegas since she was two, Shelly Hickman has witnessed many changes in the city over the years. She graduated from UNLV with a Bachelor of Art in 1990, and in her early twenties worked as an illustrator for a contractor for the Nevada Test Site. In the mid-90s, she returned to school to earn her Masters degree in Elementary Education. She now teaches computer literacy and media technology at a middle school in Las Vegas. She loves to write about people, examining their flaws, their humor, spirituality, and personal growth. Shelly lives with her husband, two children, and their dog, Frankie.


text:
traNsversal ARCHAEOLOGY IN SicilY
Sicily, July 6-12, 2019
Post 10th IALE World Congress Excursions
'Transversal Archaeology in Sicily' is the post congress program by Gianluigi Pirrera for SIEP - IALE (Società Italiana Ecologia del Paesaggio) in cooperation with Kòrai - Territorio, Sviluppo e Cultura. The post congress excursion will take place after the 10th IALE World Congress.
The annual international and scientific appointment of the International Association for Landscape Ecology this year features the theme "Nature and society facing the Anthropocene: challenges and perspectives for Landscape Ecology". It will take place in Milan (July 1-5, 2019). The organization gives participants the opportunity to continue their staying in Italy and take part to a rich and varied program of scientific initiatives and excursions in some regions of Italy.
The post congress excursion program in Sicily will take place from 6th to 12th of July (also extensible up to July, 15th) and will be focused on the on-site analysis of some archeological sites in Sicily.
'Transversality' in archaeology concerns the epochs and the landscape. Through the visit of some archaeological sites, this tour promotes the objectives of the Ancient Transversal Road in Sicily. According to the ancient journals of the archaeologist Paolo Orsi, it goes from Camarina to Mozia.
Accompanied by the geoarchaeologist Francesca Mercadante, we will visit megalithic, palaeontological and archaeoastronomic sites, underground dolmen sites, geo and archaeological parks, Unesco archaeological sites, under hydrogeological risk sites and Natura 2000 areas.
In the 6 days tour, in addition to the welcome day in Palermo, the participants will be able to analyze the motivations and the effects of the Anthropocene, related to the hydrogeological risk, to the ancient communication routes and to the mutations causing the loss of the ancient landscape in some of the Sicilian Archaeological sites.
For each stage there will also be a site specialist (the archaeologists Roberta Di Rosa, Enrico Giannitrapani, Giuseppe Labisi, Serena Raffiotta) for deepening.
See the program
Book your Post-Congress Experience in Sicily
Contact: korai@korai.it
STAGES OF TRANSVERSAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN SICILY
Palermo. Optional: "Antonio Salinas" Regional Archaeological Museum and/or "Gemmellaro" Paleontological - Geological Museum.
Pietra Tara. Oriented Nature Reserve of Capo Gallo.
Oriented Nature Reserve of Pellegrino Mount.
Archaeological park of Segesta. Mothya and the saltpans. Archaeological Museum of Marsala.
Cusa Quarries. Valle dei Templi Archaeological park and Garden of Kolhymbethra. Enna. Pergusa special Reserve.
Hennaion. Lombardo Castle. Rocca di Cerere. Archaeological park of Morgantina. Museum of Aidone. Villa Romana del Casale in Piazza Armerina.
Archaeological park of Camarina,
Archaeological park of Cava d'Ispica,
Necropolis of Pantalica.
Transfer included to Catania or 'extra days'.
DAY 8-9-10
It is available an extra 3 days extension. Visit to
- the UNESCO sites of the Arab Norman Palermo and Cathedral
Churches of Cefalù and Monreale, included their amazing contexts.
DAY BY DAY PROGRAM
DAY 1 - PALERMO, CROSSROAD OF CULTURES
Start of work: presentation of the excursion program by Francesca Mercadante and Gianluigi Pirrera.
Multi-ethnic welcome dinner in the heart of Ballarò, Palermo
Recommended extra program:
Guided tour at "Antonio Salinas" Archaeological Museum.
Guided tour at: "Gemmellaro" Paleontological - Geological Museum.
Botanic Garden guided tour.
Palermo guided tour to discover the treasures of the city.
"SALINAS" REGIONAL ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM
The Museum is housed in the former House of the Fathers of the Congregation of San Filippo Neri, built in the 17th century: the monumental complex includes the church of Sant'Ignazio and the Oratory of San Filippo Neri. It has one of the richest archaeological collections in Italy, evidence of Sicilian history in all its phases, from prehistory to the Middle Ages. Inside archaeological findings and artifacts of the peoples that made the history of the island are preserved: Phoenicians, Punic, Greeks, Romans and Byzantines ones. Artifacts of other peoples, such as the Egyptians and the Etruscans, are kept as well. A section of the museum is dedicated to the findings found during the underwater excavations: materials that were part of the cargo of ships, stone anchors, lead logs, oil lamps, amphorae and inscriptions ranging from the culture of the Punic to that of the Romans.
PALERMO, MOSAIC OF CULTURES
The richness and the beauty of Palermo (Panòrmos means 'harbor in every side') lies in its thousand souls, outcome of dominations, of arrivals and departures, of welcome and exchange. All this kind of contamination is testified by its landscape, its language, its monuments, its cuisine and its urban fabric. The stratified and syncretic richness of this city, founded by the Phoenicians, then conquered by Romans, Arabs, Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Aragonese, Spagnoli, Savoia, Austrians and Bourbons, is readable in art, architecture, food and traditions. Its monuments, churches, palaces, villas and gardens tell a thousand-year history of beauty and contradictions.
BALLARO' MARKET IN THE ALBERGHERIA NEIGHBORHOOD
Palermo, a multi-ethnic mosaic, expresses its beauty in the meeting of cultures: an example of it is Ballarò, the oldest of the four historical markets, with a dynamic and colorful character, animated by the stalls, in an area rich in particularly important and suggestive monuments and churches. In recent years the market has been enriched by the presence of foreign communities, which have integrated their commercial activities to those of Palermitans, learning from them the technique of selling the abbanniata, the typical call to attract passers-by.
"GEMMELLARO" PALEONTOLOGICAL&GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM
It was founded in 1861 by Gaetano Giorgio Gemmellaro. It contains collections that can be compared to the British Museum ones. The Enzo Burgio Hall hosts collections illustrating the geological history of Sicily, including very rare samples of rocks from the island of Ferdinandea, during the brief period of surfacing in 1831. The Man's Room contains the testimonies of the first human presence in Sicily such as the fossil remains of Thea, a woman who lived in the Upper Paleolithic, whose skeleton was found in San Teodoro Grotto, in Acquedolci. The Hall of the Elephants contains numerous artifacts related to the dwarf elephants that populated Sicily during the Middle-upper Pleistocene, including a complete specimen of Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis. In the Hall of the crystals there are notable examples of calcite, aragonite, celestine, gypsum, rock salt and sulfur crystals, most of them dredged to the Messinian (so-called chalky-sulfifera series), when the connections between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean were interrupted and the latter became a large salt lake.
> Go to the video
DAY 2 - A JOURNEY THROUGH NATURE RESERVES

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are 25,875 matching records.
Displaying matches 25561 through 25580.
Xerox DocuPrint N40 Printers allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service via malformed data, such as that produced by the Code Red worm.
Avaya Argent Office allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by sending UDP packets to port 53 with no payload.
Avaya Argent Office uses weak encryption (trivial encoding) for passwords, which allows remote attackers to gain administrator privileges by sniffing and decrypting the sniffing the passwords during a system reboot.
Avaya Argent Office 2.1 may allow remote attackers to change hold music by spoofing a legitimate server's response to a TFTP broadcast and providing an alternate HoldMusic file.
Avaya Argent Office 2.1 compares a user-provided SNMP community string with the correct string only up to the length of the user-provided string, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication with a 0 length community string.
rcs2log, as used in Emacs 20.4, xemacs 21.1.10 and other versions before 21.4, and possibly other packages, allows local users to modify files of other users via a symlink attack on a temporary file.
NetWin SurgeFTP 2.0f and earlier encrypts passwords using weak hashing, a fixed salt value and modulo 40 calculations, which allows remote attackers to conduct brute force password guessing attacks against the administrator account on port 7021.
Buffer overflow in SHOUTcast Server 1.8.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via several HTTP requests with a long (1) user-agent or (2) host HTTP header.
SQL injection vulnerability in prefs.php in phpBB 1.4.0 and 1.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands and gain administrative access via the viewemail parameter.
phpMyAdmin 2.2.0rc3 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by inserting them into (1) the strCopyTableOK argument in tbl_copy.php, or (2) the strRenameTableOK argument in tbl_rename.php.
prefs.php in phpBB 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code via an invalid language value, which prevents the variables (1) $l_statsblock in prefs.php or (2) $l_privnotify in auth.php from being properly initialized, which can be modified by the user and later used in an eval statement.
IRC DCC helper in the ip_masq_irc IP masquerading module 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypass intended firewall restrictions by causing the target system to send a "DCC SEND" request to a malicious server which listens on port 6667, which may cause the module to believe that the traffic is a valid request and allow the connection to the port specified in the DCC SEND request.
index2.php in Mambo Site Server 3.0.0 through 3.0.5 allows remote attackers to gain Mambo administrator privileges by setting the PHPSESSID parameter and providing the appropriate administrator information in other parameters.
Buffer overflow in the line printer daemon (in.lpd) for Solaris 8 and earlier allows local and remote attackers to gain root privileges via a "transfer job" routine.
dnskeygen in BIND 8.2.4 and earlier, and dnssec-keygen in BIND 9.1.2 and earlier, set insecure permissions for a HMAC-MD5 shared secret key file used for DNS Transactional Signatures (TSIG), which allows attackers to obtain the keys and perform dynamic DNS updates.
Buffer overflow in ISAPI extension (idq.dll) in Index Server 2.0 and Indexing Service 2000 in IIS 6.0 beta and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a long argument to Internet Data Administration (.ida) and Internet Data Query (.idq) files such as default.ida, as commonly exploited by Code Red.
Microsoft NetMeeting 3.01 with Remote Desktop Sharing enabled allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a malformed string to the NetMeeting service port, aka a variant of the "NetMeeting Desktop Sharing" vulnerability.
Oracle listener process on Windows NT redirects connection requests to another port and creates a separate thread to process the request, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service by repeatedly connecting to the Oracle listener but not connecting to the redirected port.
SNMP service in Atmel 802.11b VNET-B Access Point 1.3 and earlier, as used in Netgear ME102 and Linksys WAP11, accepts arbitrary community strings with requested MIB modifications, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information such as WEP keys, cause a denial of service, or gain access to the network.
Oracle Listener in Oracle 7.3 and 8i allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a malformed connection packet with a large offset_to_data value.


The Hostal Casa Clara is located in the center of the Alt Empordà region which is the only one in Catalunya that has three natural parks within such a large territory. It is found in the Aiguamolls de l'Emprdà Natural Park (PNAE) which is one of the best places of the Catalunya humid zones where you have a good chance of seeing bittern, great snipe, aquatic warbler, red-footed falcon, red-throated pipit or the 3 crakes (little crake, spotted crake, Baillon's crake) in the right season, just to name a few.
The Albera Natural Park is found close by as well as the Cap de Creus Natural Park where the eastern Pyrenees plunge into the Mediterranean Sea, a great vantage point for sea birds.
A recent reintroduction of lesser kestrel at the Castelló Town Hall gives you the chance to observe these small urban raptors from the inn's terrace.
Marga and Anna are both veteran hardworkers from Aiguamolls who now run the accommodation located in the Castelló d'Empúries old town. Details such as their naturalist library, the information they provide on where to do the best local birding, the birding guide they gift to guests who stay various nights at the inn, among others, have earned them the 49 points and the Lonely Birder Approved hallmark with 3 feathers. This is the first hostel in Catalunya that has received this distinction.
The recently remodeled facilities are welcoming and comfortable. The restaurant has an excellent quality/price value and uses many local products like wine, vegetables, etc. The daily menu is priced at 12€ (15€ on the weekends) and includes delicious dishes of fresh pasta, salads, recently caught fish, rice dishes and homemade desserts. They also offer vegetarian and Sephardic dishes. Don't forget to try the tiramisu!
For those early risers, they offer packed breakfasts/lunches.
Casa Clara provides wonderful service, free wi-fi, a reading room, and a terrace for the guest's exclusive use. They can arrange car and bike rentals (both conventional and electric bikes available).


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Star Weather Stripping can help you with professional advice and top of the line materials at a rate which will not hurt your wallet. As soon as you give us a call by dialing 844-302-4425, we're going to resolve all your questions with regards to Weatherstripping in Oregon and offer you a quote for the price and schedule of your job. You're looking for an organization that gets results promptly, helps save costs, and delivers competent services. We consistently attempt to exceed the opposition. We will take pride in succeeding as your best option for Weatherstripping in Oregon and so we guarantee all of our products and services. Although many businesses waste your time and supplies on blunders and substandard quality, Star Weather Stripping has the finest support and budget conserving plans.
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At Sandcastles we work to ensure that every child in our care has the best possible experience each and every day. We provide a caring, educational and happy environment. Sandcastles is a supportive and nurturing community, which involves the children, their families and caring educators. We are committed to providing quality education and care.
The Early Years Learning Framework is the foundation of our pedagogy and practice.
Ensure that the Health and safety of our children is paramount and is supported and promoted at all times.
Acknowledge and support individual needs of children and families in our community regardless of gender, class, ability or cultural and diverse backgrounds.
Build secure, respectful and reciprocal relationships between educators and families and support parents as they balance work and family life. Partnership with families is important and family participation is welcomed and encouraged.
Create a stimulating environment where children learn through play and intentional teaching.
Planned and spontaneous experiences are based on children's interests and strength at individual and group level, allowing for choice, practice and challenge.
Provide an environment and routines that foster children's learning through social interactions, to develop and build strong meaningful relationships with educators and their peers.
Recognise children as competent, capable learners and value each child's ability to make decisions that affect them. Children are actively encouraged to share their ideas and be involved in decision making opportunities for learning experiences; to learn respect, fairness and social justice, and to celebrate diversity.
Provide qualified, experienced and motivated educators who provide nurturing relationships to develop a strong sense of wellbeing. Educators respond to children's interests and needs and are there to guide, facilitate and support children's learning and development.
Value each educator's strengths and skills through promoting teamwork and supportive work environment. Reflective practice and ongoing professional learning and development are encouraged to provide best quality education and care.


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I received my order today. The harness is wonderful, it gives me excellent control over my boxer while he stays comfortable. I have spent hundreds of dollars at chain pet stores on mediocre products, I'll certainly turn to you guys from now on instead. Thanks!


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Senator Eyes To Penalize Facebook To End Fake News Proliferation
Facebook is a social media platform with many purposes. Aside from connecting with loved ones or catching up with friends, it is also a place for speaking one's mind and obtaining a wealth of information. However, it comes with a caveat because it has recently become a breeding ground for half-baked stories and fake news. Aside from fake news, keyboard warriors are also on the look out for someone who is on the other side of the fence.
Fake news is said to spread digital mayhem. With multitudes of users sharing fake news every day, a senator just cannot turn a blind eye on it. Senator Francis Pangilinan wants to put a lid on spreading fake news by penalizing Facebook because of allowing misinformation to mislead users.
Is this even a viable option? The idea is tongue-in-cheek considering the fact that any user can feign everything so long as they hide behind the Facebook curtains. Simply put, if you left your door open and a burglar broke into your house, would you pin the blame on your door when burglary occurred because of human error?
Fake news exists because people continue to read them. At the end of the day, it all boils down to our personal choices. It is not just Facebook, it can be the demons squatting on our shoulder. The thought of penalizing Facebook is so far-fetched. Educate users about social media etiquette before anything else. Let Republic Act 10175 or Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 be a reminder to think before you click.
PUNISHABLE ACTS
SEC. 4. Cybercrime Offenses. — The following acts constitute the offense of cybercrime punishable under this Act:
(a) Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems:
(1) Illegal Access. – The access to the whole or any part of a computer system without right.
(2) Illegal Interception. – The interception made by technical means without right of any non-public transmission of computer data to, from, or within a computer system including electromagnetic emissions from a computer system carrying such computer data.
(3) Data Interference. — The intentional or reckless alteration, damaging, deletion or deterioration of computer data, electronic document, or electronic data message, without right, including the introduction or transmission of viruses.
(4) System Interference. — The intentional alteration or reckless hindering or interference with the functioning of a computer or computer network by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data or program, electronic document, or electronic data message, without right or authority, including the introduction or transmission of viruses.
(5) Misuse of Devices.
(i) The use, production, sale, procurement, importation, distribution, or otherwise making available, without right, of:
(aa) A device, including a computer program, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing any of the offenses under this Act; or
(bb) A computer password, access code, or similar data by which the whole or any part of a computer system is capable of being accessed with intent that it be used for the purpose of committing any of the offenses under this Act.
(ii) The possession of an item referred to in paragraphs 5(i)(aa) or (bb) above with intent to use said devices for the purpose of committing any of the offenses under this section.
(6) Cyber-squatting. – The acquisition of a domain name over the internet in bad faith to profit, mislead, destroy reputation, and deprive others from registering the same, if such a domain name is:
(i) Similar, identical, or confusingly similar to an existing trademark registered with the appropriate government agency at the time of the domain name registration:
(ii) Identical or in any way similar with the name of a person other than the registrant, in case of a personal name; and
(iii) Acquired without right or with intellectual property interests in it.
(b) Computer-related Offenses:
(1) Computer-related Forgery. —
(i) The input, alteration, or deletion of any computer data without right resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic, regardless whether or not the data is directly readable and intelligible; or
(ii) The act of knowingly using computer data which is the product of computer-related forgery as defined herein, for the purpose of perpetuating a fraudulent or dishonest design.
(2) Computer-related Fraud. — The unauthorized input, alteration, or deletion of computer data or program or interference in the functioning of a computer system, causing damage thereby with fraudulent intent: Provided, That if nodamage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.
(3) Computer-related Identity Theft. – The intentional acquisition, use, misuse, transfer, possession, alteration or deletion of identifying information belonging to another, whether natural or juridical, without right: Provided, That if no damage has yet been caused, the penalty imposable shall be one (1) degree lower.
(c) Content-related Offenses:
(1) Cybersex. — The willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation, directly or indirectly, of any lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or sexual activity, with the aid of a computer system, for favor or consideration.
(2) Child Pornography. — The unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a computer system: Provided, That the penalty to be imposed shall be (1) one degree higher than that provided for in Republic Act No. 9775.
(3) Unsolicited Commercial Communications. — The transmission of commercial electronic communication with the use of computer system which seek to advertise, sell, or offer for sale products and services are prohibited unless:
(i) There is prior affirmative consent from the recipient; or
(ii) The primary intent of the communication is for service and/or administrative announcements from the sender to its existing users, subscribers or customers; or
(iii) The following conditions are present:
(aa) The commercial electronic communication contains a simple, valid, and reliable way for the recipient to reject. receipt of further commercial electronic messages (opt-out) from the same source;
(bb) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely disguise the source of the electronic message; and
(cc) The commercial electronic communication does not purposely include misleading information in any part of the message in order to induce the recipients to read the message.
(4) Libel. — The unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, committed through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future.
Enactment Of IP Rights Protection Law: The Answer To Digital Piracy
By Pinoy Attorney , on 29 April 2016 12:30
On Tuesday, April 26, the world celebrated Intellectual Property (IP) Day. Since the Philippines is not spared from digital piracy, several groups demand for the enactment of IP rights protection law. Although there are currently two laws covering digital piracy, Republic Act 10175 is one of them, the country does not have specific legislation that will penalize those who violate anti-piracy law.
Aside from the two existing laws, there is another bill being proposed that can be fused into the current laws covering digital piracy. House Bill 6187 or better known as the Anti-Online Piracy Act was waiting for enactment. It has been filed in 2012 and the bill puts more emphasis on the protection of IP rights.
Due to the access of Internet users to various sources of information, anything can be copied in a few clicks. Even though the violation of the current laws is evident, the agencies' hands are tied because there are no formal complaints being filed. As of 2011, there are only 15 digital piracy convictions made. For five years, there are only a total of 15 cases of digital piracy and this is because of the lack of stricter enforcement of anti-piracy law. Here's an overview of the laws covering digital piracy:
"Sec. 2. Declaration of State Policy. - The State recognizes that an effective intellectual and industrial property system is vital to the development of domestic and creative activity, facilitates transfer of technology, attracts foreign investments, and ensures market access for our products. It shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations, particularly when beneficial to the people, for such periods as provided in this Act.
The use of intellectual property bears a social function. To this end, the State shall promote the diffusion of knowledge and information for the promotion of national development and progress and the common good.
It is also the policy of the State to streamline administrative procedures of registering patents, trademarks and copyright, to liberalize the registration on the transfer of technology, and to enhance the enforcement of intellectual property rights in the Philippines."
"SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. — The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications industries such as content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic commerce, and data processing, in the nation's overall social and economic development. The State also recognizes the importance of providing an environment conducive to the development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard the integrity of computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and databases, and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal access by making punishable under the law such conduct or conducts. In this light, the State shall adopt sufficient powers to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their detection, investigation, and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels, and by providing arrangements for fast and reliable international cooperation."


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Yekeson Subah (born February 13, 2004) is an American soccer player who plays as a forward for MLS Next Pro  side Los Angeles FC 2.

Club career
Subah joined the North Carolina FC academy in 2016, where he played before signing an academy contract with the club's USL League One side for the 2021 season.

He made his debut on May 22, 2021, appearing as an 81st-minute substitute in a 0–0 draw with Richmond Kickers.

In June 2021, Subah left North Carolina to join the Real Salt Lake academy. On September 15, 2021, Subah signed a professional deal with Salt Lake's USL Championship side Real Monarchs.

Personal life
Born in the United States, Subah is of Liberian descent.

Career statistics

References

2004 births
Living people
American soccer players
Association football forwards
North Carolina FC U23 players
North Carolina FC players
Real Monarchs players
USL Championship players
USL League One players
USL League Two players
Soccer players from North Carolina
Sportspeople from North Carolina
American people of Liberian descent
MLS Next Pro players
21st-century American people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Indian Navy Artificer Apprentice AA recruitment 2017-18 notification for various Sailors posts. All legible and interested candidates can apply on or before (04-06-2017). Further information about the Indian Navy aa admit card and exams, vacancies, AA salary details, careers, application fee, navy online form, educational qualifications, experience and all other details/information about this post is mentioned in details below.
There are a various number of vacancies for sailors post.
1. Sailors - Artificer Apprentice (AA).
Salary/Pay and Grade Pay - For sailors post, the payable salary will be Rs 5,200 - 20,200 with Rs 2,000 grade pay. Further information about salary details is mentioned in the detailed advertisement.
Age Limit - For AA recruitment, a candidate should born between (01-02-1998) - (31-01-2001). To know more about age details, click on the detailed advertisement.
Educational Qualifications - Candidates have must done 10th (matriculation), 12th with 60% or more marks in aggregate with math and physics or it's equivalent/relevant/higher qualification from a recognized board or university. To know more about educational qualification details as post wise, see the advertisement. If you are not graduated then, click here for 10th and 12th based jobs.
Work Experience - No work experience required for sailors post. Fresher candidates and candidates with no experience can also apply for this recruitment.
Before applying online for sailors post, candidates have to register themselves.
Last Date for Submitting Application Form - All candidates must apply on or before (04-06-2017). After the last date, no application form will be submitted.
Application Fee - The application fee will be Rs 60 for General/OBC category candidates and Rs 0 for SC/ST/PWD category candidates. Persons with disabilities are also not required to pay any application fee. Regular employees of Indian Navy Artificer Apprentice applying for the higher position are too not required to pay any application fee. Candidates have to pay the fee via online only through credit card, debit card and net banking. To know more about application fee details for this recruitment, click on the detailed advertisement.


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Kaiser Shipyards
Get Kaiser Shipyards essential facts below. View Videos or join the Kaiser Shipyards discussion. Add Kaiser Shipyards to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Shipyard number 3 Port of Richmond (California)
The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II. Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts.[1] The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser (1882-1967), who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping.
Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond, California, and were called the Richmond Shipyards. Three other shipyards were located in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia and Willamette rivers: the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and the Swan Island Shipyard in Portland, Oregon, and the Vancouver Shipyard in Vancouver, Washington.[2]
Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of ship building, which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships, 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction. Kaiser's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards. Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks, and one in less than five days.[3]
Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war. The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25, 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Richmond.
Henry Kaiser had been building cargo ships for the Maritime Commission in the 1930s, partnering with Todd Pacific Shipyards and the Bath Iron Works. When orders for ships from the British government, already at war with Germany, allowed for growth, Kaiser established his first Richmond shipyard begun in December 1940.[4]
In April 1941 the Maritime Commission requested an additional Kaiser yard, to be used for Liberty ship construction, and after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kaiser started third and fourth yards, building troop transports and tank landing ships (LSTs), respectively. His son, Edgar Kaiser, Sr, was appointed Vice-President and General Manager of the shipyards.[5][6]
Together, these four Kaiser Shipyards produced 747 ships, including many of the famous Liberty ships and Victory ships—for carrying general cargo and military munitions, armaments and supplies, more than any other complex in the United States. Only one of these ships, Red Oak Victory, survives. Two other Liberty ships built in other American yards also exist as working museum exhibits: Jeremiah O'Brien moored in San Francisco and John W. Brown in Baltimore. An additional Victory cargo ship also survives: Lane Victory. Kaiser also produced the Casablanca-class escort carriers.
Kaiser set several records:
The Liberty ship SS Robert E. Peary was assembled in less than five days as a part of a special competition among shipyards.
At the Oregon Shipbuilding Yard on the Columbia River, near Portland, the Victory ship SS Joseph N. Teal was built in ten days in fall 1942.
The Oregon Shipbuilding Yards were responsible for 455 ships.
Kaiser recruited from across the United States to work in his yards, hiring women and minorities.
Fields Point in Providence, Rhode Island, had a shipyard temporarily run by Kaiser-Walsh when the former management ran into difficulties. The shipyard was closed and sold after the war to a Swedish shipowner who dismantled the shipyard and later erected it in the city of Uddevalla on the west coast of Sweden.[7]
Kaiser Permanente, an HMO founded by Henry J. Kaiser
Marinship
Shipyard Railway, which transported workers to the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, California
Vanport, Oregon
^ Peck, Merton J. & Scherer, Frederic M. The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis (1962) Harvard Business School p. 619.
^ Herman, pp. 209, 269, 271, 275.
^ Herman, pp. 176-91.
^ Herman, pp. 22, 123-24, 130-37.
^ Kennedy, Shawn G. (December 13, 1981). "Edgar F. Kaiser dies at age 73; headed vast family corporation". New York Times. Sec. 1, p. 54.
^ Herman, pp. 132-34, 137, 178-89, 1914, 269, 271.
^ "Walsh-Kaiser Company, Inc., Providence RI". ShipBuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved 2010.
Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II (New York: Random House, 2012). ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4
Johnson, Marilynn S. (1993). The Second Gold Rush. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08191-9.
Lee, Warren F.; Lee, Catherine T. (2000). A selective history of the Codornices-University Village, the city of Albany & environs : with special attention given to the Richmond Shipyard Railway and the Albany Hill and shoreline. Albuquerque, NM: Belvidere Delaware Railroad Co. Enterprises. ISBN 0-9675646-0-3.
History.com Archived October 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
Kaiser Vancouver (WA) & Portland (OR) Yards
NPS article on Bay Area shipbuilding
Rosie the Riveter Trust
A guide to the Permanente Metals Corporation photograph album, 1941-1945
WWII Rosies Celebrate National Rosie The Riveter Day
Unnatural Causes (Trailer)
Kaiser_Shipyards


One of the main reasons the green roof was included in the design of the building was to reduce the stormwater runoff from the roof and protect local watersheds. The vegetated roof also helps increase the lifespan of the roofing membrane and keeps the building, and surrounding area, cooler on hot days.
The new 2nd District Police Station in downtown Bethesda is a unique public/private state-of-the-art police station designed to meet LEED® Silver certification requirements. It includes community space as well as a separate, secure entrance for police officers. The installation of the StormCapTM vegetated system with 1,000 plant plugs helps StonebridgeCarras developers meet the Montgomery County, MD Green Building and Sustainability Standards and Energy Guidelines.
The high performing, low maintenance, StormCapTM system was selected for its superior water retention-to-weight ratio and excellent stormwater retention capability. The sedum blanket is delivered with 85% foliar coverage and provides an instant green cover. It consists of 10-12 species of sedum selected for their heat/drought tolerance and year-round visual interests. The sedum blanket helps reduce water evaporation, soil erosion and weed growth.
The Needled Mineral Hydro Blanket by UrbanscapeTM acts as a water reservoir to support plant health, and offers reliable stormwater management over the lifespan of the vegetated roof. Capturing up to 2.6″ (1.6 gal/ft2) of rainfall on the rooftop helps prevent stormwater pollution and protect local watersheds. The green roof has no permanent irrigation.
Our team prides itself in being a hassle-free, one-stop-shop supplying vegetated systems that can be customized to local requirements, with warranty and maintenance support. We also offer access to a variety of analytical support services such as stormwater calculations specific to location and building/roof type. We specialize in supplying green roof systems with high water retention-to weight ratio such as the StormCap system. Our premium base layers include the Needled Mineral Hydro Blanket and can be easily cut to fit any shape and design. Contact us 855-786-7626 or send drawings to info@stormwatercaptureco.com get an estimate for your project.


For sporting activities there are many options. You can go hiking, for example on part of the route of Santiago de Compostela (Way of St. James: Via Arvernia) and the GR30 (tower of the lakes of Auvergne) which pass in front of the house.
But also easier walks with the circuit of the Valley of La Monne around Olloix.
You can also discover the region by car, mountain bike, motorbike or horse.
Several golf clubs offer their courses of 9 and 18 holes, such as the Golf des Volcans in Orcines.
The surrounding volcanic lakes, such as Lake Aydat and Lake Chambon, are ideal for aquatic activities such as swimming, pedal/paddle boating, kayaking etc.
Fishing enthusiasts will also find their happiness here.
The nearby Allier River also offers the opportunity to practice kayaking and fishing.
In winter you can ski in Super Besse or Mont Dore which are only 30 minutes by car. Alpine ski resorts also have more than 120 km of cross-country ski trails, for example in the Nordic Domaine de Pessade. There are also snowshoe walks and dog sledding available.
In summer these resorts offer many other activities for the young and old.


MEXICO CITY -- Trade Ministers from Canada, Mexico and the United States say they made progress in talks to update NAFTA, but that progress didn't include changes to difficult subjects such as rules of origin and labour standards.
A trilateral statement issued by U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland and Mexican Economy Minister Ildefonso Guajardo sought to quell concerns about the U.S. commitment to the North American Free Trade Agreement in light of U.S. President Donald Trump's recent warnings he could terminate it.
The trio announced a third round of talks in Ottawa for Sept 23-27. Guajardo said the more complex issues such as Mexican wages, local content rules and the U.S. trade deficit would be addressed in those sessions. Changes to dispute-resolution mechanisms hasn't been addressed yet either.
The United States did not make specific proposals on these issues in the five-day round in Mexico, Guajardo and Lighthizer said.
One area of concern identified by lobbyists is Lighthizer's stated objective of incorporating a U.S.-specific automotive content requirement, which they say could prove a major obstacle that delays the talks.
Lighthizer said no chapter of the pact was completely wrapped up, but progress was made in consolidating language about small businesses, digital trade, the environment and services, among other things.
The three ministers restated their goal of reaching a new NAFTA deal by the end of the year to avoid conflicts with 2018 election cycles in Mexico and the United States. Moving quickly to consolidate texts is paramount if they are to achieve that goal.
It took five years and more than 20 negotiating rounds to negotiate the since-canceled 12-country Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal.
Freeland gave the most upbeat message, praising the working relationship between the three countries and saying they had established a good foundation for the future rounds of talks.
Juan Pablo Castañon, head of Mexico's influential CCE business lobby group, said negotiators had made headway on areas such as energy, telecommunications and investment, as well as improving conditions for small-and-medium-sized firms and streamlining customs procedures.
"Important progress was achieved in many disciplines and the parties expect more in the coming weeks," the trade ministers said.
Another problem is whether Trump will find the final outcome acceptable enough to stay in NAFTA. Trump used the agreement as a punching bag during his election campaign last year and has repeatedly threatened to pull out of it, even after the modernization talks began on Aug. 16.
Lighthizer said he was confident he could negotiate a deal acceptable to the U.S. president and that his goal was to negotiate a new deal, not pull out of NAFTA.
Lighthizer has adhered to Trump's line that NAFTA must be rewritten to reduce U.S. trade deficits of about US$64 billion with Mexico and US$11 billion with Canada and started the talks with strong demands for major changes.
In his closing statement, Lighthizer said NAFTA must address the harm done to those in manufacturing industries and benefit all Americans.
Critics say it has drawn jobs from the United States and Canada to Mexico, where workers are paid far lower wages. Supporters say it has created U.S. jobs and that the loss of manufacturing from the United States has more to do with China than Mexico.
If NAFTA collapses, costs could rise for hundreds of billions of dollars in trade as tariffs are brought back.
Free-trade lobby groups say consumers would be saddled with higher prices and less availability of products ranging from avocados and berries to heavy trucks.


text:
ISTANBUL=node_modules/.bin/istanbul
TEST_FILES=$(shell find . -name "*.test.js" -not -path "./node_modules/*")
MOCHA_ARGS=--bail -u bdd -r test/config.js --timeout 30000
MOCHA=node ./node_modules/mocha/bin/mocha ${MOCHA_ARGS}

test:
	${MOCHA} ${UNIT_TEST_FILES} ${ARGS}

.PHONY: test

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Former Zimbabwe captain Brendan Taylor banned by ICC for 3 and half years
Former Zimbabwe captain Brendan Taylor was on Friday banned for 3 and a half years by the ICC for failing to report a 2019 spot-fixing strategy by an Indian businessman on time and was additionally handed a one month suspension for failing a dope take a look at which was linked to his consumption of cocaine through the episode.
In an announcement, the ICC stated Taylor admitted to being in breach of the provisions of the ICC Anti-Corruption Code.
Perth Scorchers collects fourth BBL title with 79-run thrashing of Sydney Sixers
"Former Zimbabwe captain Brendan Taylor has been banned from all cricket for 3 and a half years after he accepted breaching 4 fees of the ICC Anti-Corruption Code and, individually, one cost of the ICC Anti-Doping Code," the ICC stated.
On January 24, Taylor made a surprising disclosure that he was blackmailed after "foolishly" taking cocaine throughout his assembly with an Indian businessman.
Taylor stated he's going through a multi-year ban from the ICC for delay in reporting a corrupt strategy by an Indian businessman in 2019.
Taylor had claimed that he was invited by the businessman to India to debate "sponsorships" and potential launch of a T20 occasion in Zimbabwe apart from a proposal of USD 15,000 in October 2019. He didn't title the businessman in query.
The 35-year-old, who performed 205 ODIs, 34 Checks and 45 T20s earlier than retiring final yr, stated he was additionally given an element fee to identify repair matches, which, in accordance with him, he by no means did.
He examined constructive for Benzoylecognine, which is primarily a results of cocaine ingestion.
"This one-month suspension will run concurrently with the suspension of three and a half years below the ICC Anti-Corruption Code. Mr Taylor can be free to renew his involvement within the sport on 28 July 2025," the ICC said.
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17 + one =


Great blog post as usual Ryan. After you spent time analyzing the dip in prices in the fall for Sacramento (in this an other blog posts), I decided to look at the same for my market area. Very interesting stuff. Thanks for opening minds.
Thanks so much Gary. That's very cool. I think I saw the post. Nice job! I just didn't comment in light of crazy deadlines. I like how you brought in the Case Shiller index too. I sometimes use the Freddie Mac Price Index when doing retrospective appraisals. It can be helpful to see the market from say 1989 or 1996 (my most recent older retros) from many different sources. Can't wait to hear more about Portland trends. Keep up the great work.
Great graphs Ryan. I'm sure these will provide many talking points for people in your market.
Thanks Tom. That's the goal. When we can see the market, it sure does help.


text:
The Earl of Leicester's Men waren eine Theaterkompanie (oder Schauspielertruppe) des Elisabethanischen Theaters. Ihre Blütezeit hatte sie in den 1570er und 1580er Jahren.  In vielen Gesichtspunkten galt sie zu dieser Zeit als die herausragendste Truppe des Elisabethanischen Schauspiels und setzten die Maßstäbe für alle Theaterensembles, die noch folgen würden: Es war die erste Kompanie, die mit einem royalen Patent versehen wurde und die erste, die zuerst ein feststehendes Theater bezog.

Anfänge
Robert Dudley, 1. Earl of Leicester ließ, laut Aufzeichnungen, eigens beschäftigte Schauspieler frühestens ab 1559 auftreten; sie können durch die 1560er und 1570er Jahre nachgewiesen werden. Als die elisabethanischen Armengesetze mit einem Gesetz von 1572 geändert wurden, veränderte sich die Situation von reisenden Schauspielern: Wer keine Patronage durch einen Adligen besaß, konnte als Vagabund eingestuft und mit einer Reihe von Strafen belegt werden. Hingegen waren jedoch diejenigen, die sich eines solchen Schutzes erfreuten, rechtlich sicherer als zuvor. In einem erhaltenen Brief vom 3. Januar 1572, den James Burbage im Namen der Truppe verfasste, fordert er dass die Schauspieler nicht mehr als livrierte Hilfskräfte des Earls gesehen, sondern zu Hausdienern ernannt werden sollten; eine Einstufung, die es den Schauspielern erlaubte frei und ohne Einschränkungen nach London ein- und auszureisen. Der Brief enthielt auch den Wunsch nach einer unabhängigen Selbstfinanzierung durch eine eigene kommerzielle Ausrichtung, freilich unter seinem (erforderlichen) Patronat. Ein erfolgreiches Modell, dem andere Truppen folgten. Der Brief war unterschrieben von Burbage, John Perkin, John Laneham, William Johnson, Robert Wilson und Thomas Clarke. Alle bis auf Clarke waren auch im royalen Patent aufgeführt, welches am 10. Mai 1574 ereilt wurde, dem ersten überhaupt, nach der Verabschiedung des Restriktionsgesetzes von Januar 1572. Die Lizenz der Queen autorisierte die Truppe (und danach auch nachfolgende) "to use, exercise, and occupy the art and faculty of playing comedies, tragedies, interludes, stage plays and other such like...as well within our city of London and liberties of the same, as also within the liberties and freedoms of any our cities, towns, boroughs etc. whatsoever...throughout our Realm of England."

"die Kunst und Fähigkeit des Spielens von Komödien, Tragödien, Zwischenspielen, Bühnenstücken und dergleichen zu nutzen, auszuüben und zu beschäftigen, und dies gleichermaßen innerhalb unserer Stadt London und deren Liberties [gesetzlich weniger regulierte Vororte], sowie den Liberties jeder unserer Städte, Gemeinden, Bezirke usw. im gesamten England."

Diese Lizenz an die Leicester's Men hatte auch einen anderen entscheidenden Aspekt: es hob frühere Regularien auf, wonach örtliche Behörden Theaterstücke zensieren oder gar verbieten konnten. Mit der Lizenz gingen diese Rechte an die königliche Verwaltung und den Lord Chamberlain und seinem für Theaterfragen zuständigen Sachverwalter, den Master of the Revels über. Wenn die Schauspieler die Freigabe für ihre Stücke erhalten hatten, konnten sie diese beliebig im Lande aufführen ohne die örtliche Zensur zu fürchten. Es waren diese königlichen Genehmigungen, die die Blüte des Elisabethanischen Theaters erst möglich machten.

Erfolg
Die Leicester's Men traten  1574 und 1575, jeweils während der Weihnachtszeit, am Hofe auf. Als Diener Leicesters  hatte die Truppe in den Jahren 1566, 1572 und 1575 auch eine zentrale Funktion in dessen Unterhaltungsprogramm, das er anlässlich der Besuche der Queen auf seinem Schloss in Kenilworth (Warwickshire) anbot. Insbesondere das letzte Programm ist bemerkenswert, da es recht lange andauerte; vom 9.–27. Juli 1575. Leicester war darauf aus, Elisabeth zu beeindrucken, um sie in einem letzten Versuch davon zu überzeugen, ihn zu heiraten, und scheute dafür keine Kosten. Elisabeth brachte bei ihrem königlichen Besuch ein Gefolge von einunddreißig Baronen und vierhundert Bediensteten mit. Leicester unterhielt die Königin und ein Großteil der umliegenden Gegend mit Umzügen, Feuerwerken, Bärenkämpfen, Mysterienspielen, Jagden, Banketten und ebenjene Theaterdarbietungen (u. a. ein Stück namens The Delivery of the Lady of the Lake). Die Kosten betrugen insgesamt mehr als 1700 Pfund. Die Veranstaltung wurde als großer Erfolg angesehen und war der längste Aufenthalt auf einem vergleichbaren Landgut von allen von Elisabeths königlichen Rundreisen, doch entschied sich die Königin nicht, Leicester zu heiraten.

Da Kenilworth nur knapp 20 Kilometer von Stratford-upon-Avon entfernt lag, ist es durchaus möglich, dass sich ein 11-jähriger William Shakespeare unter den Zuschauern befand; er könnte später seine Eindrücke in "Arion auf dem Rüken des Delphins"  in Was ihr wollt verarbeitet haben.

Als James Burbage und sein Schwager John Brayne 1576 das The Theatre erbauten, das erste öffentliche, kommerziell erfolgreiche, Theater in England, waren die  Leicester's Men die erste Truppe, die dieses Haus ab seiner Eröffnung im Herbst bespielte. Die Jahre von 1576 bis 1583 waren der Höhepunkt ihres Schaffens.

Niedergang
Als 1583 eine neue Truppe geformt wurde, die Queen Elizabeth's Men, wurden die Leicester's Men ihrer prominentesten und talentiertesten Köpfe beraubt: Robert Wilson, John Laneham und Richard Tarlton. William Johnson könnte sich zeitgleich oder später ebenfalls den Queen's Men angeschlossen haben. Es wird angenommen, dass die Leicester's Men absichtlich geschwächt wurden, um die Rivalität zwischen Earl Leicester und dem Earl of Oxford zu mindern. Diese fand seinen steten Niederschlag in der Konkurrenzsituation ihrer jeweiligen Theaterkompanien, wenn es um die Gunst ging am Hofe zu spielen. Elisabeth I. und ihre Berater sahen diese Konkurrenz und die Egos der Adligen kritisch, aber es gelang ihr nicht, dem Einhalt zu gebieten. Indem sie nun die besten Spieler der beiden Schauspieltruppen für ihre eigene Truppe auswählte, begegnete sie den ehrgeizigen Ansinnen der Aristokraten. Die Leicester's Men fanden danach nie wieder zu ihrem zuvorigen Ansehen und den Erfolgen zurück.

Jedoch existierten die Leicester's Men weiterhin und waren nachweislich 1584 und 1585 auf Tournee. Im letzterem Jahr wurde der Earl of Leicester zum Kommandeur der englischen Truppen in den Niederlanden ernannt (siehe Achtzigjähriger Krieg); sein Durchmarsch durch Utrecht, Leiden und Den Haag wurde von aufwendigen Festzügen begleitet, die zu seinen Ehren durchgeführt wurden. Mindestens ein Mitglied von den Leicester's Men, William Kempe, begleitete den Earl nach Holland; möglicherweise haben andere es ihm gleich getan. Die Truppe tourte dann noch weiter bis 1588. Im Dezember 1586 trat sie auch am Hofe auf.

Mit dem Tode des Earls 1588 beendeten die Leicester's Men ihre Existenz. Kempe und einige andere Mitglieder schlossen sich anderen Theaterkompanien an.

Weblinks
 Tourneedaten der Earl of Leicester's Men

Einzelnachweise

Theatername (London)
Schauspiel-Ensemble
Elisabethanisches Theater
Theater (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Theaterensemble
Theatergeschichte


text:
Kate Rusby
Album / Single / DVD
Awkward Annie Awkward Annie
Cranbrook While Mortals Sleep
Game Of All Fours The Girl Who Couldn''t Fly
Wandering Soul 20
Jolly Ploughboys Hourglass
Cruel Live From Leeds DVD
Let Them Fly Make The Light
Who Knows Where The Time Goes Pure Records PRCD27
Elfin Knight The Girl Who Couldn''t Fly
The Village Green Preservation Society Awkward Annie
Contributor: Ian Ashleigh
Kate Rusby (aka the Barnsley Nightingale), as her nickname suggests, is a native of Barnsley in Yorkshire. Also, as her nickname suggests, she sings beautifully in her native accent which invariably adds to the songs she sings. Here we have ten of her very best; we have covers, we have songs from the tradition and we have songs written by the lady herself. Above all we have songs of quality, beautifully sung and perfectly arranged and that applies to everything Kate Rusby has recorded. "Everybody loves and respects Kate Rusby, not just for the lovely voice, but for the way she has moved folk forward while remaining true to the tradition …" Sunday Times (2012) – and who could argue with that. If she's not already, she should be a National Treasure.
These are songs I want to hear over and over again and I have arranged them as a playlist in the order I want to hear them. But this was, as ever, a difficult one to reduce to just ten; I wanted every track I heard on revisiting her CDs. Six chose themselves – therefore, on the face of it, I had four spaces to play with. I propose to concentrate on these ten songs and I will leave you to explore the catalogue and Kate Rusby's biography (see the link to her website below). Feel free to add you own choices, the more the merrier.
We open the set with one of Kate's own compositions, the title track of Awkward Annie released in 2007. The song is full of Yorkshire humour and is such good fun with a fair romp of a tune. This is another one of those that I like to describe as 'a smile of a song'. Rusby had split with then husband and producer John McCusker prior to the recording of the album so although he played on the album, Rusby produced it herself. And a good job she makes of it too.
Kate Rusby has produced two albums of Christmas Carols; Sweet Bells (2008) and While Mortals Sleep (2011). It is to the latter album we turn for Cranbrook. Listeners will know both the tune and the words separately, but not melded as wonderfully as Ms Rusby does. Playing this alongside more traditionally set carols has now become a Christmas Day must while we open the presents.
The title of The Girl Who Couldn't Fly (2005) refers to Rusby's fear of flying. The cover is a painting by Blur's Graham Coxon. Here are twelve songs all of which begged to be included in a Topper Ten and I have included two. Game Of All Fours is a Roud ballad that has been sung by June Tabor & Maddy Prior as Silly Sisters, Martin Carthy and Norma Waterson among others. It seems to have been collected in the Lewes area of Sussex in 1952. This appears on the face of it to describe a card game but listen through the lyric and, as with many such songs, something else altogether is going on.
In 2012, Kate Rusby celebrated twenty years as a recording artist and, as she had done in 2002 when she celebrated ten years, Rusby re-recorded a selection of her songs with a cast list of fellow musicians who all wanted to appear, reinforcing my assertion that she is a national treasure. The likes of Nic Jones, Richard Thompson, Paul Weller and Paul Brady appear on various songs. Wandering Soul features Dick Gaughan and Eddi Reader alongside Kate on a song that first appeared on The Girl Who Couldn't Fly. Rusby's lyrical landscape is simply sublime as is the combination of voices. The tune to the verse has echoes of King Of Rome sung so beautifully by June Tabor.
Kate Rusby released her first solo album, Hourglass, in 1997 with a fine collection of original and traditional songs accompanied by a retinue of Scottish musicians. Jolly Ploughboys is an upbeat arrangement of a traditional Shropshire tune that, again, has been recorded by a number of different singers down the years.
I have a recording, Live From Leeds, that illustrates Rusby's banter with her audience; this is enhanced being in her native Yorkshire. Cruel first appeared in 2003's Underneath The Stars and is a traditional song from Lancashire about a young sailor going off to sea after being press-ganged and leaving his young lady on the shore to await his return.
Make The Light (2010) is Kate Rusby's first album of totally self-penned songs, an idea suggested to her by Jennifer Saunders with whom Rusby worked on Jam and Jerusalem (see below). To quote Rusby herself, "I feel this album is quite different from my others; some of it is gritty, some of it is pretty and some of it is a bit wacky! But what fun we had making it. I hope people enjoy it." The album was produced by Rusby with her brother, Joe, and now husband Damien O'Kane. It is a lovely collection of songs. After multiple listens to the album and selecting a different track with each pass, I finally decided the positive message that underlies Let Them Fly fitted the list in the space I had left. It has the advantage of a Yorkshire brass band sitting perfectly in a contemporary British folk song that has a beautiful lyric.
Who Knows Where The Time Goes is widely acknowledged as Sandy Denny's magnum opus and has been covered by so many people, not least Judy Collins. This version was released as a non-album single and Kate Rusby's treatment is simply outstanding.
We return to The Girl Who Couldn't Fly for our penultimate selection. Elfin Knight is a self-penned song of pure joy that takes its inspiration from the tradition. I cannot help but smile when I listen to this song.
Rusby's cover of The Kinks' The Village Green Preservation Society was originally recorded as the theme for the BBC TV sitcom about the Women's Institute, Jam and Jerusalem, starring Jennifer Saunders. The song was included as a bonus track on Awkward Annie. It comes alive with Rusby's Yorkshire vowels when compared to Ray Davies' North London accent. I make no apology for saying, in my opinion, this is head and shoulders above the original and is a fitting way to end our journey.
There are two albums that need a mention: Sleepless (1999) is a fine collection of songs and from which Sweet Bride just missed the cut, as did All God's Angels which was in the ten and got 'bounced'. Little Lights (2001) has a fine cover of Richard Thompson's Withered And Died and a lovely version of Matt Hyland which features in the Martin Carthy selection on this site (see TopperPost #256).
Barnsley Nightingale and National Treasure, Kate Rusby is simply one of the best singers of any genre we have.
Kate Rusby official website
Kate Rusby biography (iTunes)
Posted on Jun 24, 2014 in 90s, Contemporary Folk, COUNTRY/FOLK, Singer/Songwriter
Ian, thanks for this excellent list… Would probably have to have 'Sweet Bride' and 'Drowned Lovers' (based on Nic Jones' equally brilliant "Clyde Water') in my top ten, though…
(I'd have to be climbing up on that horse with the Sweet Bride too … Ed.)
Keith Shackleton
Great list. I love her Withered and Died cover.
Roger Woods
Like it Ian – but I'd have to have, right at the top of the list, number 1 by several miles, My Young Man off her third album, Little Lights. Written by her about her grandfather's illness from mining, it's one of the most moving songs I know by anyone. And members of the Grimethorpe Colliery Band join in to create so sad a song.
Folk is not really my thing. But thanks to Toppermost I have discovered Kate. Wonderful.


CRISIS rocking the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu State came to a head yesterday, with a threat of breakdown of law and order if the hospital management pays resident doctors the alleged withheld parts of salaries and wages the doctors have been protesting against.
The institution's resident doctors had embarked on protests over alleged tampering with their salaries and other wages by the institution.
But the Joint Health Sector Union, JOHESU, in the hospital comprising Senior Staff Association, Medical and Health Workers Union, National Association of Nigerian Nurses and Midwives, National Union of Allied Health Professionals and Non-Academic Staff Union, has written the hospital's management threatening fire and brimstone should any such money be paid to the resident doctors.
Chief Medical Director of the hospital, Dr. Christopher Amah disclosed that in a letter dated November 29, 2018 and signed by its chairman and secretary, Barrister G.C.
Nwadike and Ben Agbo respectively, the union said it was convinced that the money being demanded by the resident doctors was taken from the overall personnel cost fund of the hospital meant for paying all categories of staff.
"With such depletion, it will be impossible to have enough funds to pay all categories of staff their salaries up to the end of the year," JOHESU said.
The union further explained that "there are two platforms for payment of staff emoluments, IPPIS and GIFMIS with one central account with the Central Bank of Nigeria housing the UNTH Personnel Cost Account.


In addition to the interesting sessions featuring global experts within the industry, there will be opportunities to network and make lasting connections at the 3rd PDA Europe Annual Meeting in Berlin.
Celebrate the end of the first day of the meeting by enjoying drinks and refreshments with your colleagues, both existing friends and new connections.
Following the closing remarks, stick around to close out the meeting with a farewell coffee. After two days of invigorating sessions, you will probably want to discuss what you learned.
Come see "Young Professionals in PDA," Wednesday, June 27 at 11:15 a.m. This session will feature a variety of presentations from industry professionals and entrepreneurs. PDA Chair-Elect Jette Christensen, Novo Nordisk, will moderate the session.
If you are interested in participating, please send us an email.


text:
Can a valid argument with formally consistent premises have an analytically impossible conclusion? What about the converse?
Can a valid argument with formally consistent premises have an analytically impossible conclusion? What about the converse; analytically compossible premises, but a conclusion that is a formal contradiction? ( Compossible = possible to be jointly true)
Okay I think the answer is yes, something can be formally consistent but analytically impossible , reasoning because formal consistency is not analyzing, just truth values.
The converse im not sure about , the lack of information I have to solve this stuff is frustrating thanks for the help.
logic modal-logic
AchillesAchilles
The word valid means something in logic. Valid necessarily means consistent with the conclusion so it is impossible for the conclusion to be false once the premises are true. By definition you can't have validity with inconsistencies. – Logikal Dec 5 '17 at 1:25
What do you mean by analytic. This word may differ between philosophy and mathematics. What you sound like you are expressing is a conclusion that is self contradictory which is analytically impossible to be true in some circles. The complement to self contradictory premises is logically necessary which are impossible to be false. – Logikal Dec 5 '17 at 1:27
In an earlier answer I suggested a Carnapian definition of analyticity, which was the following:
Definition 1. (Analyticity) Sentence φ (in language L) is analytically true with respect to meaning postulates Π iff (Π → φ) is logically true.
Two important things to notice about this definition.
This definition of analyticity is a relative one: a sentence is analytic "with respect to a set of meaning postulates", not analytic simpliciter. For example, the sentence (1 + 1 = 2) is not analytic simpliciter, but is analytic with respect to, say, Peano's Axioms. So we always need to qualify which set of postulates (e.g. Peano's Axioms) makes a sentence in a language analytically true.
The definition relies on the notion of logical truth, which is also a relative notion but in a different sense. If L is a propositional language, then logical truth will coincide with truth under all truth-assignments to the sentential symbols; if L is a first-order language, then logical truth will coincide with the full-fledged Tarskian definition in terms of truth in a model under an assignment; and so on. So we need to know what the underlying logic is if we want to prove things involving analyticity.
Those points mean that since your problem is underspecified, we can only proceed informally and by making assumptions. The assumption will be that we're working with a propositional language, so logical truth will mean tautology for the rest of our discussion. Let's continue by recalling the basic definition of what makes an argument valid, making use of the notion of logical truth as tautology.
Definition 2. (Argument Validity) An argument of the form Γ ⊢ φ is valid iff every truth-assignment to the propositional symbols occurring in (Γ ∪ φ) that makes all sentences in Γ true, make φ true.
If propositional logic is not what you're working with in class, the definition needs to be altered to say, for example, that the argument is valid just in case all models of Γ are models of φ, and so on. Now we're ready to address the questions.
Q1. Can a valid argument with consistent premises have an analytically impossible conclusion?
For concreteness, let's consider a particular analytically (with respect to Peano Axioms) impossible sentence, say: (0 = 1). It's impossible because it means that 0 is equal to the successor of some number, and Peano's Axioms exclude that possibility. The question, more concretely is, can a valid argument Γ ⊢ φ with consistent Γ be such that φ ≡ (0 = 1)? The consistency condition is meant to rule-out a trivial 'yes', because if Γ is inconsistent, then Γ ⊢ φ is valid for all sentences φ.
Answer. Let Γ be the singleton set {(0 = 1)}. Since (0 = 1) is satisfiable (e.g. assign '0' and '1' both to some element a in the domain of interpretation), Γ is consistent. We already agreed that (0 = 1) is analytically impossible (with respect to PA), so what remains is to show that {(0 = 1)} ⊢ (0 = 1) is a valid argument. It's obvious that any interpretation that makes all sentences in {(0 = 1)} true, makes (0 = 1). So yes, a valid argument with consistent premises can have an analytically impossible conclusion.
Q2. Can a valid argument with analytically compossible premises have a contradictory conclusion?
Consider an arbitrary Γ such that φ1, φ2 are both in Γ (possibly with other sentences compossible with them) and φ1 and φ2 are analytically compossible (with respect to some set of meaning postulates). To define analytic compossibility we need to define analytic possibility first, which we can do as follows:
Definition 3. (Analytic Possibility) Sentence φ (in language L) is analytically possible with respect to meaning postulates Π iff ¬(φ) is not analytic with respect to Π in language L.
We can then say that sentences φ1 and φ2 are analytically compossible (in language L) (with respect to meaning postulates Π) just in case (φ1 ∧ φ2) is analytically possible (in L) (with respect to Π). From this it follows that at least one truth-assignment jointly satisfies φ1 and φ1, so the argument {φ1, φ2} ⊢ ⊥ will be valid just in case those assignments that jointly satisfy φ1 and φ1 also satisfy ⊥. But since ⊥ is a not satisfiable (since it's a contradiction), the answer to (Q2) must be a 'no'.
Hope this helps. Just be aware that a lot hangs on the definition of analyticity and the richness of the underlying language/logic. You may need to tweak the definitions of logical truth and/or analyticity to suit your particular needs. For corrections/suggestions leave a comment or simply edit the post.
Hunan RostomyanHunan Rostomyan
thanks very helpful as usual but I do get quite lost starting at def. 3. – Achilles Apr 13 '14 at 23:42
Let's see if this helps. A is necessarily true iff A is true in all possible worlds (don't worry about the actual meaning of that). Given that, we have two options for defining possibility. We can "waste" another definition and be repetitive and say: A is possibly true iff A is true in some possible world. Or alternatively we can use the definition of necessity to define possibility as follows: A is possibly true iff ~A is not necessarily true. In our case, I've re-used the definition of analytic necessity to define analytic possibility. Can you see a way of re-writing Def 3 to avoid that? – Hunan Rostomyan Apr 13 '14 at 23:47
Alright, I'm impatient, here's how: Def 3 alternative. Sentence p (in language L) is analytically possible with respect to meaning postulates G iff (G -> p) is not a "formal contradiction" (as you would call it) . – Hunan Rostomyan Apr 13 '14 at 23:52
It's not possible to rewrite Def 3 to avoid it ? is it? – Achilles Apr 13 '14 at 23:53
Sorry I'm here I was just trying to figure out a way to rewrite it. – Achilles Apr 13 '14 at 23:54
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