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Eupedia Forum > Europe Forum > European News & Hot Topics > EU politics & government > Is modern Europe product of christian values?
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LeBrok
I think modern Europe has herself inspired from Christian values, and from Renaissance and the French revolution to develop into her current form.
I know we used to attribute many current events and systems of modern Europe as coming from heritage of Christian Europe. But can we really describe what are the unique Christian values that helped to build modern Europe?
I've found easier to express what Christianity didn't affect in Modern Europe, so here it is:
- Christianity doesn't affect food we eat, unlike Hebrew and Muslim religions, as eating kosher foods.
- It doesn't affect fashion and how we dress. Except in some european villages, where covering heads by married women is still practiced.
- It doesn't influence architecture or art anymore. In past church was the biggest art sponsor, because it was the richest institution and power center.
- It doesn't affect sciences, except setting limitations and declaring some experiments unethical, as in stem cells research. It never brought insides on inner working of the world, human nature included.
- It has nothing to do with modern political systems, and democracy in particular or protection of minorities. Catholic church and many others are structurally still stuck in feudal times. At the time of collapse of empires after WWI, all churches were always pro monarchs, the old power establishment, and against new political changes.
- It didn't take part in creation of modern economic system, nor banking system. Actually the church was a hindrance in unleashing capital and investments making lending and charging interest a sin. In many european countries real christians were not to take upon commerce and trading, as it was the "sinful" Jewish occupation.
- It doesn't affect sports or sport rules, except occasionally blessing a football in some countries.
- It doesn't participate in television culture, except transmitting a mas on not very popular channels.
- It is even losing a licence on moral teachings and life guidance. It is more and more evident that atheists are as moral or immoral as believers, and even more tolerant and inclusive than them, which is what united europe or world needs for peaceful coexistence.
- Freedoms that we cherish so much these days were not achieved with help of ten commandments or christian doctrines, but with democracy, citizenship and good economy.
- Good standard of living is due to good governance and strong economy, which has nothing to do with being christian or god's miracles.
- Policing and civil law went away from religious influences, except traditional (in some countries) swearing on the Bible, which seemed never stopped people from lying.
Granted there is still some influence christianity have in politics and schools or censoring masmedia. But I can't see much of modern achievements of Europe, or what would be considered european culture and mindset, coming from long history of Europe in Christian hands. If anything modern Europe began when Christian Churches started to lose their grip on every segment of people's life. From Renaissance humanism and more scientific freedom, to birth of new economic and political systems of 20th century, and finally EU.
In general Churches were always conservative and traditional, acting as the guardians of the "old good ways", and as such missed the boat on participation in creating Modern Europe. I'm concluding that Modern Europe happened in spite of Christian Values, values expressed by Christian Churches and their policies and politics.
Elias2
I know we used to attribute many current events and systems of modern Europe as coming from heritage of Christan Europe. But can we really describe what are the unique Christian values that helped to build modern Europe?
The biggest? seperation of church and state, something I don't see at all in muslim countries, Turkey included.
Yetos
there are 4 kinds of christianity
1 is the old destroy the rest, kill philosophers, inquisitors etc
2 is the holy wars like the 30 war 100 years wars etc
3 is the Divine style state like byzantium
4 is the thing that Elias told separation of state and church, Laws must taken after state and not by church,
the difference is that in Europe we don't throw stones to a sinner,
something that can be found in some islamic areas also like west Turkey , but deeper in Islam mullahs have bigger power than majors or other rulers,
Absolutely, if they join us they won't join THEM. So what if they are muslim? They will just assimilate to European culture and lose their religiosity anyway. Yes they would have one of the biggest says in the EU but the UK Germany and France have 200 million people nearly 3 times that of Turkey so somehow I don't see why it's such a big issue. And for all the racists out there, they are still classed as white Caucasian and I would love ANYONE to tell the difference between Turks and Greeks side by side.
It's a bit from left field, but be it. Do you think it was christian/religious idea, or pure philosophical and secular one, or political solution when democratic parliaments took over power, after WWI when old monarchies collapsed? You can't find any christian decalogue, catechism, or dogma preaching separation of church and state, before first instance of separation. Just because this idea took place first in christian country it doesn't mean that idea itself is of religious christian influence, therefore of christian values.
Let's see what history has to say about this.
First attempt of separation was in England:
The barons, who forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, wanted to create a separation between church and state powers to keep the Crown from using the Church as a political weapon and from arbitrarily seizing its lands and property. However, the Pope annulled the "shameful and demeaning agreement, forced upon the king by violence and fear" one month after it was signed. The Magna Carta was reissued, albeit with alterations, in 1216 and 1225 but continued to be a subject of contention for several centuries as it was either seen as providing legal precedence or by later monarchs as restricting their authority.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe
Looks like motivation was purely political and financial interest on both sides, in which pope (religion) was against separation.
In modern times first separation document, known as Wall of Separation, was written by Thomas Jefferson in USA. He also championed Religious Freedom law in 1777, with meaning that all religions are equal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom)
And if you think that these noble ideas started from his christian bliefs, think again.
Here are his words:
In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot, abetting his abuses in return for protection to his own.
-Thomas Jefferson, letter to Horatio G. Spafford, March 17, 1814
Millions of innocent men, women and children, since the introduction of Christianity, have been burnt, tortured, fined and imprisoned; yet we have not advanced one inch towards uniformity.
-Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Virginia, 1782
If we did a good act merely from love of God and a belief that it is pleasing to Him, whence arises the morality of the Atheist? ...Their virtue, then, must have had some other foundation than the love of God.
-Thomas Jefferson, letter to Thomas Law, June 13, 1814
I concur with you strictly in your opinion of the comparative merits of atheism and demonism, and really see nothing but the latter in the being worshipped by many who think themselves Christians.
-Thomas Jefferson, letter to Richard Price, Jan. 8, 1789 (Richard Price had written to TJ on Oct. 26. about the harm done by religion and wrote "Would not Society be better without Such religions? Is Atheism less pernicious than Demonism?")
They [the clergy] believe that any portion of power confided to me, will be exerted in opposition to their schemes. And they believe rightly; for I have sworn upon the altar of god, eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man. But this is all they have to fear from me: and enough, too, in their opinion.
-Thomas Jefferson to Dr. Benjamin Rush, Sept. 23, 1800
History, I believe, furnishes no example of a priest-ridden people maintaining a free civil government. This marks the lowest grade of ignorance of which their civil as well as religious leaders will always avail themselves for their own purposes.
-Thomas Jefferson to Alexander von Humboldt, Dec. 6, 1813.
Christianity neither is, nor ever was a part of the common law.
-Thomas Jefferson, letter to Dr. Thomas Cooper, February 10, 1814
You say you are a Calvinist. I am not. I am of a sect by myself, as far as I know.
-Thomas Jefferson, letter to Ezra Stiles Ely, June 25, 1819
http://nobeliefs.com/jefferson.htm
The idea of separation wasn't christian/religious, and it went against strong protests of all christian leaders in Europe. It is a product of Europe and North America, but not of christian tradition.
No. The term Christian Values is another of those meaningless cliches (usually originating with a politician, in this case GW Bush I think) that is currently in vogue to throw about. But ask anyone to define what exactly are Christian Values and how they differ from other "values" and they usually can't answer.
Imo what is really meant by the term is merely the western way of life, which of course, has (and always had) more to do with making money than religion. Anything else is just fancy window dressing as a sop for those who like to think themselves as morally superior.
Maciamo
I was raised in a Catholic environment, and underwent what could be called fundamentalist, almost medieval catechism in primary school (with teachers taking the Bible literally and threatening kids that they will go to hell if they didn't behaved and thought exactly as they said). I quickly became an agnostic, then after a lot of deep philosophical reflection from the age of 10 (I was intellectually precocious), and my first acquaintance with neuropsychology at the age of 15, eventually turned me into a strong atheist by the age of 18. I have since made sure that nothing in my life could be influenced by Christianity or other religions. I boycotted all religious ceremonies, from the family traditions like baptisms and communions to church weddings and religious funerals, even for close family members (they knew I wouldn't attend if there was even a slight reference to religion).
After living in non-Christian countries (like Japan or India), I got enough perspective to distinguish what part of modern European culture for a non-religious person could be still be essentially of Christian origin, but I couldn't find anything. Genetics has taught me that people behave first and foremost the way they are designed to by their genes. Culture obviously has an influence on our behaviour, but cannot eradicate innate traits of character or instincts. Economic and social circumstances also tend to play a bigger role on people's behaviour than culture. Altruism and kindness are two of the most important values of true Christianity (of the New Testament at least), and yet I found it to be much more prevalent among the Japanese, who are mostly atheists or agnostics. This proves my point that religion cannot change the nature of people, and people don't need religion to be good.
Modern society is based on sciences (and its derivative like technology, medicine, etc.), which is the worst enemy of religions. Any scientist who claims he/she can be religious is not a true scientist (by 'scientist' I mean someone whose aim it is to understand the laws of the universe, not just anybody using a scientific formula or technology based on science - there is a huge difference between a thinker that acquires and develops knowledge and a mere consumer/applicant of science).
Any scientist who claims he/she can be religious is not a true scientist
Sounds like a fundamentalist atheist...:innocent:
There is no fundamentalist atheism, as there is no atheist scriptures or doctrines (and therefore no opposition between the strict and liberal interpretations of the scriptures).
Although just as strong an atheist as Maciamo in my personal beliefs, I am much less irritated by being around others when they are being religious. In fact, I find religious practice very interesting, and comparative religion is one of my favorite subjects.
One thing that I have noticed when studying comparative religion is how, when cultures adopt a religion, the culture rubs off on the religion at least as much as the religion rubs off on the culture. It happened historically with the development of all the different flavors of Christianity. It's easy to see how English Anglicanism is; how Italian Roman Catholicism is (when practiced in Italy... it tends to take local flavors elsewhere); how Germanic-Scandinavian Lutheranism is; how extremely Calvinism was influenced by a cultural shift to rationalism amongst academics in 16th century Europe...
So before anyone makes the argument about the "Puritan work ethic" and how that influenced England and got it industrialized, know that this is thinking about it wrong... English culture (specifically, the more Anglo-Saxon variety that you find in places like East Anglia) influenced English Christian practice to create Puritanism, so what we're seeing is not Christian influence creating anything, only English culture.
That's not to say that Christian influence is not felt, but it's mostly in things like iconography and ritual, rather than politics, common culture, and behavior.
I agree entirely Sparkey. As all religions are man made constructs, then it stands to reason that it is man who has influenced religion and not the other way around.
Comparative religion is also one of my favourite subjects (well, I have dozens and dozens of favourite subjects). I am irritated by Christianity and Islam in particular, but much less by other religions. I am even well inclined towards Buddhism, as long as it is close to the original doctrine and not a degenerate demagogic version like the Pure Land school (which preaches that anybody can attain enlightenment after they die as long as they chant the name of Amitābha Buddha to clear their karma !) or eccentric, shamanistic sects of Vajrayana Buddhism with all their scary colourful deities imported from Hinduism (that includes Tibetan Buddhism, the only Buddhist theocracy in the world).
Neat, I have similar opinions of Buddhist sects. I've explored Nichiren Buddhism out of intellectual curiosity and found the differences within the sect fascinating... basically, a subset (SGI and its parent, Nichiren Shoshu) have invented history (http://nichirenscoffeehouse.net/Ryuei/HokkeShu_06.html) to establish themselves as the correct school to follow, and have become the most common form of that sect. It's an informative look into how religions spread despite divergence from the truth. It reminds me of Mormonism. But that's getting off topic.
Actually, Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism are good examples of the culture-influencing-religion pattern I noted above. The Sino-Tibetan substratum present in Mayahana Buddhism is so obvious, it nearly becomes the religion (I apologize for borrowing linguistic terms when talking about religions).
I have reason to believe that christianity was a marriage of Orphic religion, Persian Methras, with the Hebrew
many of that we call christian values are written in στωικοι (stoic)
like χρυσσιπος or Ζηνων etc
beggining from Παρμενιδης (parmenides) and Ξενοφανης Xenophanes
Christian tradition, christian teaching and christian implimentation generally was not the same thing overall in the medieval era. King's invoked the authority of god to give meaning to their ruling. In the bible, the new testament, there is no outline like there is in the Koran about how to run a state and no version of sharia. But what you asked specifically was what unique christian values helped build modern europe, and the answer to this is the allowence of the seperation of church and state.
To futher explain what I meant by the seration of church and state, we need to look at the three main chirsitan religions in Europe; protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox. Out of these three the first to seperate church and state was the Catholic with the gregorian reforms. In this the patriach of Rome claimed the "divine" should belong to the church and not the state. This lead to conflict wit the holy roman emperor at the time, but eventually the patriach won. This was in the 11th century, in which church and state in catholicism was disconnected and a clear realm of athority was established between the kings authority and the vatican's monopoly of the divine. This continues now with the vatican.
Orthodox was different and evolved differently. The Eastern Roman emperor had more control over the patriach of Constantinople and therefore the break between church and state would not come for orthodox untill the 19th century in the balkans with the independant movements of greeks, serbs, and bulgarians, breaking away from the Ottoman empire and starting their own churches. The Ottomans used to patrarch of Constantinople as a tool to control the Roman Millet since 1453. For russia, the Tsar's power, which was similar to the Eastern Roman Emperor's of previous, would stop with the Russian Revolution.
Protestant is very different because there is no general heirarchy in this form of christianity as we see with the five patriarchs of the original christian churches, and therefore there was no individual to grapple with the king over power, or influence developments in the state. The queen of england is also the head of the church of england, but again its different because protestant is not one sigle doctron (over a 1000 protestant denominations) and therefore would be imposible to implement a "protestant" state.
This evolution of seperation of church and state, and the acceptance of it, is the biggest contributer to modern europe form the medieval tradition in my opinion. The Greco-roman traditions are far more influencial now than christianity.
To conclude this very long post, I want to just take a short look at the muslim view. It is very hard for muslim countries to seperate church and state because islam was made with the idea both should be combine from the start. The koran and Hadith have very clear explinations on how to run a state based off Islam, from how to tax people, the dual level of citizen status, and even motivations for going to war. This general outline is alien in christianity and this is why the modern middle east is struggling to modernize.
Attaturk thought the solution to this problem in islam is the make the army have authority to topple governments that they thought were too islamic, but this leaves a giant inconvienient truth about islamic countries; they are unable to have a true democratic system like we see in europe if this is the only solution. The AKP party of Turkey used EU membership as a tool to get rid of the army's role to topple governments, but its comming very clear he just used it as an excuse to do so, without seriously thinking about joining EU. This can lead to armlarming developments in Turkey by the AKP government, which started off in political islam.
I know Richard Olson (http://www.hmc.edu/academicsclinicresearch/academicdepartments/humanitiesandsocialsciences1/faculty1/richardolson.html) holds this view. I think that at least, the mystery religions influenced the development of Christianity, especially Pauline and Gnostic Christianity.
This was only one way separation to secure all church's properties and gaining full control over catholicism and its subjects by pope. Other words the church was separated from state influence, but the state wasn't separated from church influence. For next 800 years catholic church was busy meddling into states affairs, supporting certain politicians and people in power over others. Certifying kings elections, excommunicating many uncooperative ones. In many countries church till 1900 century was the biggest land owner and employer. Thanks to this it could wield it's economic (financial) powers in politics, justice system, education system, even military. Till Renascence church has lead armies of many countries for crusades, wiped out pagan Prussians in Europe and acquired new lands and subjects in Americas. Church's influence in judicial system of many countries burned ("saved from hell") thousands of innocent men and women. Church's dominance over "understanding and explaining" science had lead to delays in publications of revolutionary scientific papers, or simply killed scientists, and burned their work.
Yes, catholic church got it's separation and control over "Divine", and its property. Unfortunately the state, education, courts, etc had to wait till 20th century to get their separation from church. That's the true separation that we are so proud of today and consider it a progress.
King's invoked the authority of god to give meaning to their ruling.
This, plus they, as head of church, had a hefty sums of money coming from church's lands, properties, and donations. Power and money was unified in one hand.
When the "divine" separation happened, in many catholic countries bishops became richer and more powerful than kings. Popular story of 3 musketries made one of these examples very famous. Should we mention Spanish inquisition?
When Henry VIII split from Rome and made himself head of the Church of England it was really quite a clever move, for a king. In one swoop he made himself absolute ruler over his people, not only did he have complete civil power but he also took for himself complete spiritual power. So in England's case (and later Great Britains) we see a re-inforcing of the combination of church and state and not a seperation.
The Monarch of Great Britain who is also the supreme head of the Church of England still has the power to dissolve parlaiment. The current Queen just chooses not to exersice that power but that is not to say that any future monarch will not be quite so liberal in outlook. Technically there is still not a complete seperation of church and state in Britain, but the British seem quite happy with the current state of affairs. Although they may not be quite so complacent if Charles or later, William (as kings) decide they want more involvement in politics.
It is true that church still had a big influence in state affairs and politics, the church in rome had very little control over actually dictating orders to the rulers of catholic europe. The Patriarch of Rome was very much just a political tool for the catholic elite to grapple each other over heriditary rights and so forth.
Asturrulumbo
I do think it's a great misunderstanding to think that science and religion are opposed. Science, as an epistemological construct, is based on an empirical-rational (that is to say, analytical, that is to say, scientific) understanding of the world. However, it is not strictly an ontological construct in that it does not claim that its worldview is the truth (although this is how it is usually viewed today). Religion, on the other hand, is definitely an ontological as well as epistemological construct, and also (very importantly), an ethical/moral one(unlike science). Religion is based not on a "scientific" view of the world, but rather operates through intuition and feeling, uniting man to his environment and giving it a transcendent meaning to himself. In a way, religion is much more akin to art that it is to science.
I think that what has happened is that science has become the "orthodox" (one could say default) ontological system in the modern western world. What this causes is that many people try to justify their religious beliefs through science (as happens all-too-frequently in the U.S, a prime example is "intelligent design") and thus end up making religion in general seem stupid. Religion, which is based in the supernatural, need not rely on the natural to justify itself, in my opinion. One cannot play backgammon on a chess board, or vice-versa.
In my opinion, science and religion actually compliment each other in many cases.
That being said, given that Europe is a predominantly Christian continent, much of the values and ethics of modern Europe (and Western civilization in general) are Christian in origin. Indeed, one could say that the "genealogy" of modern western ethics looks something like this:
-The Enlightment
-Renassaince humanism
-Classical (Graeco-Roman) Civilization
-Christianity
one of them is this
Love or maybe. or I am the light,
thou shall not Kill
Starts from 324 AD
Systematic cleansing and destruction of all ancient religions
Systematic genocide of Greeks and other nationalities,
remember 330 AD Constantine took the statue of Zeus from Olympia to Nova Roma
1 of seven wonders, the faces of Jesus are >75% based on that statue,
city Bayeux same year priests of apollo were lynched
335 Constantine Crusifies all non christian priest in minor asia (how many)
359 the first gather camps in Skythopolis Syria
Holocaust of Greek that follow old religion
363 emperror Ιουλιανος (Julian) declares religion liberties,
he was murdered by a first degree (diakonos) cleric, fan of Basileios Bishop of Ceasareia - Kappadokia
Church names apostat ? why?
remember Hypateia etc, Υπατεια
the massacres of Vellisarius in Italy
and the religious wars,
simply after enlightment the corporation Church (trade mark +) has limited power cause people are more educated and do not fear.
Modern Europes theories are described well in what Kazantzakis wrote
I hope nothing (kingdom come)
I fear nothing (Dante's inferno)
I am free ( I have clear mind)
100 years of war !!!!!!!!
BESIDES WHICH ARE THE CHRISTIAN VALUES?
western church,
Franciscans ?
Jesuits?
Dolcinians?
Knights of temple?
Bishops with porfyra (kings colour)
church as cleric is nothing more than corporation,
religion is a private subject
but truth is not being told clear,
the values are older
monks although are based in ST Antony's tradition (Egypt)
their philosophy springs from Diogenes
Europe's value are based in Freedom,
Christianity teach us to bow,
(how many times you read he word bow-kneel in Bibble)
364 AD
Emperror Flavius
order to burn the last bibliotheque
Antioch-eia Syria,
remember all we know for ancient world is after that we found in garbage and ashes of the burn, or some hidden, by some religious who fought church, like Knights or orthodox monks, or some forgotten western monasteries that hide them from upper cleric,
the last written of archimedes are found in a christian book, with a machine,
the book was erased and above some wrote christian preach,
is european values same with the ones of Ambrosios of milan (mediolanum)
385-388 Maternos Kynigios (Ματερνος Κυνηγιος)
means the Hunter of holy mother (Myriam) estimated that killed 400 000 Greeks in Greece,
in order to purify the land from the 'pagani' (peasants)
we needed 1300 - 1500 years after the Yapateia torture, to send a woman to a school, and allow a woman to teach,
Pavlism is vertical, no woman must teach ( the original is teach, not preach)
at Byzantines stopes about 800-900 Ad
at western Europe later
at east Europe no body knows when,
second value
monks and poverty,
just find out who was Diogenes who lived in a big crate that was used for oil or wine,
third value
well there must be something good, but I can not find it,
it is not only Olson,
there is also a greek who compares the traditions of old and their mysteries, and proves that Poseidon became St Nicolaos etc
also the dates, 23 dec - 25 december old religion ( reborn of phanus-apollo-dionyssus, the birthday of Persian God Mithras)
comparig the word Mithras with west medi and east metreyah maybe is the same what greeks call messiah
first moon of spring Anthestiria (persefonis return-Panathenean etc) modern is Eastern
kabereian mysteries and sun fests today 20 july with old callendar is one week away from the death of Myriam,
old summer fest in 23 june (biggest day) same days with Penticost etc
wine and bread, as the old greek Orphic, (only Cretans and Zagreus followers allowed to wine and meat, but to them were forbiden other,)
yes you are correct, the early wears christianity was more Pavlism-os than christianity
Gnostic were more in antioch syrria and minor asia.
later developed philosophy based on Zenon and chrysippos
(nemesis and eimarmeni)
and become theocracy and create theocratical states (emperror+patriarch=state),
and in west become Poppe-cracy (the one who has no mistakes)
and in England King=patriarch
I don't understand what you are trying to say. If you want to know specifically how Christianity has influenced modern western values, I think Jurgen Habermas synthezises it quite well:
"For the normative self-understanding of modernity, Christianity has functioned as more than just a precursor or catalyst. Universalistic egalitarianism, from which sprang the ideals of freedom and a collective life in solidarity, the autonomous conduct of life and emancipation, the individual morality of conscience, human rights and democracy, is the direct legacy of the Judaic ethic of justice and the Christian ethic of love. This legacy, substantially unchanged, has been the object of a continual critical reappropriation and reinterpretation. Up to this very day there is no alternative to it. And in light of the current challenges of a post-national constellation, we must draw sustenance now, as in the past, from this substance. Everything else is idle Postmodern talk."
I don't understand what you are trying to say. If you want to know specifically how Christianity has influenced modern western values, I think Jurgen Haberman synthezises it quite well:
I am trying to say that christianity teach to Bow -Kneel and no to Be Free,
Freedom was teached by some tribes-warriors,
like Spartans who went to Dareius palace and told him, Kill us but we do not kneel before a human
Solidarity was teached by Stoic philosophers, and existed in City-states much before the Christians,
Methras mysteries, (Thracian-Persian religion) existed before Christians, and it was them who told us feed the poor,
the first solidarity speech about how a state can tread on week was written by Lyssias (λογος υπερ αδυνατου)
egalitarianism existed much before, just remember that Spartans had OΜΟΙΟΙ (equals)
Christianity only told us to fight for God, and not for a king or the country or the family,
christianity told us to burn books, bibliotheque and philosophers
Christianity told us to genocide a nation that is not accepting the christian system
Only the last 300 years christianity entered a new phase but that has to do because European enlightment teach the truth to people, and not the blind obey to his master's (bishop) voice.
remember early years christianity is not different from Islam
the glory that some want to give to church, does not belong to her, but to some people, who saved old books
and told us that the real values are different,
when you read just few of the above,
then told me who's value were.
Parmenion was the said that Truth is above Gods
Therein lies the problem, you are taking truth for granted. In my opinion, truth is ambivalent: it is defined by what one believes. If the truth is equality, human rights, "freedom", etc., then Christianity as it was some 1000 years ago will certainly not be of your liking. I am not here to defend Christianity, I am as Christian as I am Muslim, atheist, agnostic or pagan, but it is a mistake to think that today's western ethics are not greatly influenced by Christianity.
Sounds more like Judaism. Christianity is one of the reasons the West does not hold many of those views ("love your enemy", for example). While it is true that many philosophies already had many of the characteristics of Christianity, they didn't survive by themselves, they survived because they were absorbed by Christianity. Otherwise, Hedonism and Skepticism would have also survived.
so it was not christianity that created the wars like 100 years,?
it was not christianity who have in their classes the Inquisitors?
it was not christianity that teach us that fire purifies spirit??????
much before the christians told LOVE EACH other
Persian religion of Methras told the same,
Essaioi also had similar moto, and many others,
christianity is nothing more than a Historical farisaism, a big hypocritic corporation
who took wisdom from ancient cultures and philosophers and told people that is Gods words.
the holy trinity existed in Orphic religion of thracians, etc etc
and to enter more
the scientific word is enlightment but from what? maybe from christianity's dark ages
the story goes like these,
city states,
philoshophers who hunt truth and justice,
rulers who hunt glory
bibliotheque where philosopher hide, like the monks in dark ages to read,
christianity just created another priest class, who as always fight or unite with rulers to keep in peace the country, and put laws and fit their belly.
Europes reborn is based on Knights who suddenly in middle east realize the truth,
Europe's reborn is based on Bokkakios Petrarch etc who study ancient written
Europe's reborn is based in drop of byzantine where many forbiden and hidden books went to west,
Europe's reborn is based on the second wave of philosophy that developed in west Europe
which had also the luxury to have the arabian algebra,
and finally Gutenberg,
many bibles were published,
so people could read the truth, and knew, and did not afraid bishops any more,
all the rest like the french revolt, the 3rd wave of philosophy etc are nothing more than the result of Gutenberg invasion.
the ideas run fast, and people were free cause they did not hope to go to church heaven, and not afraid the bishop's curse
we needed to pass more 1500 years to understand that is another thing the theocracy and another the theology,
and more 1800 to understand the free will of christ, and not the fear of bishop.
only the last 200 church went back to common logic, and truth,
and even in late 19 century in a symposium in Rome for physics the big one ask not to check the universe birth cause that belongs to god,
but it was polite ask, not like the old 'I jesus on earth' forbit you to do so,
even church and christianity find it shelf after renaissance, and the last wave of philosophers,
something that in islamic countries realize it at 2000 and even today may lynch you for your freedom of express,
where in 2000 they bomb ancient culture monuments,
ACourvoisier
I think that Europe, understand: the lands of Europe, is certainly not a "product" of christian values.
Or wich "products of christian values" are you thinking of ?
-Ethics ?
Were we pagans, that we could live almost the same; as it is wrote in the Bible, "the pagans have a Law for their own".
However, we can say that christian values are secularized. How ?
-This is exactly the question; for the raison, that they are so implanted in our mentality that we don't analyze them anymore. But I think we find effectively christian values in ethics.
Unfortunately, if you know french, you can see that there is atheist doctines:
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait�_d'ath�ologie
- by "Michel Onfray".
But I have not read this, for the simple raison that it took me years to acquire my convictions of Protestant, to now.
I just would let you know that it exists.
(Of course, there is not atheist scripture, for an evidence: the mention of God was already accept in hypothesis His existence.)
Any scientist who claims he/she can be religious is not a true scientist (by 'scientist' I mean someone whose aim it is to understand the laws of the universe, not just anybody using a scientific formula or technology based on science - there is a huge difference between a thinker that acquires and develops knowledge and a mere consumer/applicant of science).
Dear Maciamo, About all you wrote about yourself, I found 2 things, that I found interesting.
I would remember to you, that be so intellectualy precocious is not necessarily an advantage. You know ; give the answers the teacher want to hear, and be thinking for oneself is two very different things.
(You write so many, that we could answer you almost every different line.) All I see, is that you are mastering applicated science also (your site has a very complex interface, but respond rapidely to our requests).
There is furthermore other points:
This is not necessarily formulas that are based on science, but science which can be based on formulas - we should re-define the term of « science » - according to « her » reputation (I don't like using « its » for science). If you were considering « science » as being only experimentation verifying the formulas, so you would be in the truth, for this historic way.
Going back to the begining of the quotation, I think you made several other might mistakes :
for a point, which is actually several « problems », such as they go difficulty together :
« understand », « laws », and I would precise a third : « laws of the Universe ».
To use such purpose, we should « totally » define the Universe (we are actually far from this point, and this is an euphemism, and once this done, we should moreover define the Universe from the past to the future), and – by implication – the « laws » are : several, and nowadys not unified, so by implication : only approximatives.
This is a raison, for which we shouldn't even use the term « laws of the Universe » (what are the laws of black matter, and of black energy ?).
Now, were you physicist, how would you maintain, that « we understand the laws », when the laws are obligatorily some « things » posed, (defined ?), and – we hope – constant ?
For myself, I support the thought that we simply don't understand the laws, for the simple raison, that we only observe them, and use the corespondant models.
Endly, were you awre of « the laws », would you use precisely your words. Indeed :
« Any scientist who claim he can be religious is not a true one. » So, you pose other problems :
- in more right words : a scientist who could maintain to believe in God couldn't be « scientific enought », to be – for example – Doctor, or Nobel Prise in « pure science » ?
So, and this is the end of this post, there is several Doctors or Nobel prises, who should give back thier title.
According to Webber , the father of modern sociology, Christianism, Protestantism to be more exact, was of vital importance in formation of modern capitalism. Even Marxist philosophers like Habermas have changed their approach to religion and nowadays not only they recognize the influence of Christianism on the modern Western countries but they consider it to be a good thing. So I see pointless denying what has been well documented by the most prominent specialists in the field. Personally I suspect that Europe would be extremelly diferent than it is nowadays had it be conquered completely by the Muslims, or remained Pagan, so yes, our societies are product of Christianism, even if we are, like myself, non religious people anymore.
But then we have to ask, "What is Protestantism?" It's a Europe-local phenomenon, not imported, so where did it come from? I contend that Protestantism is a reflection of certain cultures. It's no coincidence that the form that Protestantism tends to take in certain areas of Europe is largely determined by the culture in that area.
So, it's technically correct to say that Protestantism influenced the capitalist system, but it really doesn't paint the whole picture. Local culture created Protestantism, which in turn influenced the capitalist system (along with the culture itself). So the root is the culture, not Christianity.
I don't see a good reason to assume that capitalism never would have happened had Europe remained Pagan. Islam might be a little different because it has an explicit governmental law, but that law has little to say about modern economic theory.
Capitalism existed before christianity,
Just read what Jesus said, about the slaves and the coins (tallants) the 3rd one did not gave them to the banker
Mat 25 27
Capitalism has many faces,
ancient Greeks had parts of Capitalism also but they mainly based on Koinon
Romans especially after the Latifounds (huge villas with 1 owner that have self control) grew it more,
but the main systemic as bank is written in Bibble,
later banks drop in power until Venice,
at Venice times capitalism grew fast and took forms and was protected by state,
read the merchant of Venice from Shakespeare so it was form much before protestants,
at protestants areas we mainly have industrialization starting from the Dutch and the windmills then Britain and steam power etc
in fact that why Spain was lost that times, which although was the richest in Europe by the colonial gold, and had enormous first material, her Dogmatic stuck to traditional Christianity send her back years,
about Muslim and eurpe,
Muslim started invading Europe at 700 Ad in East and Byzantines,
and in west in Spain, and in sicily in Italy,
the biggest problem for Byzantines was not the muslim, but the Crusaders,
why? cause Con/polis was not droped to muslim but droped to 'Christian's' who looted her,
so the biggest Help to islam was done By Christian Europeans, Looting and Burning Con/polis
Besides if you know History then you know that Byzantines had 4 enemies
1 was Islam
2 was the Slavic from North
3 was the West Europe
4 was the church, who took all males at age of 14 and leave non for soldier, and the 35% of land belong to church and not to state, and Church pay taxes only to God
I had read somewhere that at 1200 there were 150 000 monks at minor asia and only 30 000 soldier!!!
just ask your shelf why Mohamet B gave so many privileges to monasteries?
But I must admit with you that Christianity gave a boost to capitalism,
especially when money can buy the sins, and heaven, well it is savage Capitalism :sad:
Sorry but it didn't . Capitalism began during the Middle Ages in autonomous Italian city-states and the Netherlands.
Even if you consider the economic activity of the Romans and Greeks a form of capitalism that is not the capitalism the European one comes from, but from the Christian one. I'm not saying this, just Webber.
in fact that why Spain was lost that times, which although was the richest in Europe by the colonial gold, and had enormous first material, her Dogmatic stuck to traditional Christianity send her back years
Spain never was the richest country simply because that gold was used by the Habsburg Royal family to defend their interests in Central Europe. Christianism wasn't any impediment for the Spanish to enslave indians , blacks and steal the gold from America. These activities are clearly banned by Christianism, so I doubt they did not develop their economy due to a rigid interpretation of religion. As I said it was due to bad economic policies from monarchs of central european extraction who were more interested in assuring their continental posessions than developing Spain.
Probably, I'm not very knowledgeable about history of Bizantium, but If I recall first cursade took place in 1095 and by 1080 the Turks conquered most of nowadays Turkey and once part of the Bizantine Empire. The decline of Bizantium began way before the crusades took place.
Better read the mathew 25 27
27 debiste al menos haber puesto mi dinero en manos de los banqueros; así, al regresar yo de mi viaje, lo habría recuperado junto con los intereses.
I don't understand what you mean Capitalism, make it clear, Industrial is part of modern capitalism as also expansionism and Imperialism
Roman empire had all of the above
Now when we see that Jesus demands the interest, then surely it is Capitalism
well about Byzantium there are 3 eras
the East Roman stops at Iberian Kings
the middle state WHICH ENDS AT 1204 and 4rth Crusade which instead of Jerusalem stoped at Con/polis and burn it,
(Iberian (georgia) Makedonian etc dynasties)
The Greek era until end of Trebizond
at 1204 Turks were still east of Manzikert, around Ikonio,
and much Before Austria stoped the Turks of Suleiman
Kastriotis had war with Both Turks and Tarantines (Christians)
just look the maps,
before 4rth crusade
http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1200/index.html
after 4rth crusade the try to rebuild by Greeks
or Before crusades
http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/900/index.html
Just look what Crusaders did
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/LatinEmpire2.png
Only the Pink is from old Byzantine
so as you understand
It was the christian foundamental that brought islam to Europe,
Yetos, what do you think about this quote from Habermas:
I just wonder what more did jesus than Socrates,
Socrates puts it in another form, Jesus say I come to fulfill to law, to pay the law (πληρωσω τον νομο)
so what we have,
if you ever read Chryssipos or Zenon you know about ειμαρμενη (eimarmene)
that is a brief from a theory of Stoics,
God creates Universe, and God puts law in Universe,
But he lives outside the laws of Universe,
So one day decides to enter his creation,
he enters, but he can not exit until the laws open the door to let him exit,
God has 2 choices,
1 is to destroy his creation and be lonely again as a wild animal wondering, (his nemesis)
2nd is to find his character, be patient, live the laws he put, and wait until they allow his exit,
(his eimarmene)
so why a preach from someone who copied a theory is stronger than the one who wrote?
the above is from Stoic philosophers teach,
the eimarmene in Christian words is the χαρις the grace,
Now about the love of Christians,
just read the post,
HE asks interest from a slave, a possible uneducated man, or a not smart one,
and he punishes the poor man,
what love and what happy be the poor in mind?
and what forgivess!!!
just think, you go out with your friend for a beer, you forgot your wallet, you friend pays the bill
tomorrow, you pay him the money he gave,
Just wonder what will you think if he asks for interest
why Socrates is not a saint? or not a god? or not a religious founder?
and is jesus?
the both died to fulfill the law
why the words of Peter and the pray in olives hill is Holy words and not the dialoque of Socrates with plato
Universalistic egalitarianism
ALL MEN EQUAL INFRONT OF GOD
those who have money may buy their sins
like modern times
ALL MEN ARE EQUAL INFRONT THE LAW
those who have money buy good lawers
the world at least the one we know had Universalistic egalitarianism at Roman empire
and had Roman Justice, which even today is in teach in Law schools
But the privilege of Roman citizen was only to be bought by the rich ones,
from which sprang the ideals of freedom and a collective life in solidarity,
hmm as I said in a previous post
Bow Kneel before the Pharao God on Earth
Bow kneel before the King
Bow Kneel before a Bishop
Spartans Answer to Dareius (you may kill us, but we don't kneel)
so Freedom spang not from Christianity, but from Human's degnity and I believe is older than Spartans
Collective life
Communism also had Collective, did he sprung from Christianity?
the ancient Greek word is koinon κοινον
so pagans and people before Christianity were not Collective or cooperative?,
the Greek word for not Collective Humans is Therion (animal that can kill, like lion, wild bull etc)
read about Timon (τιμων ο μισανθρωπος) who hated humans
when Λυσσιας Lyssias made his speach about solidarity to the weak was cebturies before christians
in Fact Lyssias supported on what we call today public help to the disable,
in fact he supported much before that 1 obolos of a disable to the koinon is much stronger than the tallant of a rich man (the one later Christian made the 2 drachmas of a widow)
so what is Christianity?
first lets see what is the law of Moses
Moses realized that his people, when got out of Egypt, might turn to Theria (carnivorous or killing animals)
in Egypt they were under pharaoh's law,
a god on Earth law, in Desert?
well if he put the law then it will be a human's law nobody would obey,
if he kept the Pharaoh's law then all will laugh, cause they beat pharaoh and escape,
then?
so he went to mount Sinai and 'meet the God'
and gave a law that was by a God, above pharaoh cause that God lived in the sky which is above earth.
same way is christianity,
a God that lived as Human by eimarmene suufered for his believes like socrates, etc etc
cause if I told you Zenon say this you will say 'who the ..... is Zenonon?'
But if I say God tells that you say wow!!!!
on the other hand, Church corporation
started wars, started inquisition, started eliminating philosophy, etc etc,
I wonder How Europe will be if all men went to monasteries like in East church of 1200 ?
or sins could be bought with money like the west?
or where the British will go who have a king for Patriarch
or all europeans had a black cat? etc etc
I'm not saying capitalism would not happen had Europe never been Christian , just that nowadays our societies would be very different and that religion indeed had an influence on the rise of modern Capitalism. Would capitalism exist as we know it if Europe remained pagan? Who knows, personally I don't think so. Religion has shaped Europe undoubtly and has contributed decissively to make us the way we are nowadays. As for your comment on Protestantism being a mere cultural thing disguised as Christianism , I don't understand it. Then following your reasoning Christianism not only did not influence modern Europe but it simply didn't exist really. Catholicism has cultural influences of pre-christian cultures as well, like Roman fondness for institutionalisation of pompous religious rituals, importance of hierarchy (there is obvious parallelism between the Roman Emperor and the Pope and between the Senate and bishops) , etc. If there exits one branch of Christianism purer than the rest, that is Protestantism, because it is more centered around what the Bible tells.
I'm not saying capitalism would not happen had Europe never been Christian , just that nowadays our societies would be very different and that religion indeed had an influence on the rise of modern Capitalism. Would capitalism exist as we know it if Europe remained pagan? Who knows, personally I don't think so. Religion has shaped Europe undoubtly and has contributed decissively to make us the way we are nowadays.
This is, of course, all difficult to prove, as we aren't able to observe the alternative. I think Christianity itself had some important effects on certain things, and I even think that the Medieval lending system (the ban on usury) is one of them, but I also think that much of the effect is illusory and actually results from native culture. So it looks like we're stuck with a bit of disagreement here.
As for your comment on Protestantism being a mere cultural thing disguised as Christianism , I don't understand it. Then following your reasoning Christianism not only did not influence modern Europe but it simply didn't exist really. Catholicism has cultural influences of pre-christian cultures as well, like Roman fondness for institutionalisation of pompous religious rituals, importance of hierarchy (there is obvious parallelism between the Roman Emperor and the Pope and between the Senate and bishops) , etc. If there exits one branch of Christianism purer than the rest, that is Protestantism, because it is more centered around what the Bible tells.
Not quite; it doesn't follow that, since culture influences the practice of Christianity, that Christianity doesn't exist. Rather, Christianity is a Semitic religion that has spread well outside its initial culture, and has been transformed in those new cultures into something local. We see this with the spread of all religions... it doesn't mean that the religions don't exist. The spread of Buddhism into the West and the spread of Christianity into African animist cultures are good modern example of this sort of transformation that we can observe.
I have a certain fondness for Protestantism but I'd like to get away from the idea of it being "purer" than other forms of Christianity. Where did this vision of "pureness" come from and who decided its standards? It was people like Luther, Calvin, Zwingli... products of a reformist, rationalist age that was very Northwestern/Central European in character. Protestantism is closer in some ways to the earliest Christians than Catholicism is, but different Protestant traditions contain their own local innovations, and operate in autonomous fashions that actually make the innovations based on local culture more obvious. Three obvious examples off the top of my head: deference to royalty in the Anglican tradition, the educational focus of the Moravian tradition, and rationalism in the Calvinist tradition.
Responding to the thread question.


Create a Field Segment by clicking points to outline the rooftop. Then select the module you plan to use – typically commercial projects use 72-cell modules (nameplate power of between 280Wp-320Wp).
Set the orientation (azimuth) of the array to be in-line with the building: right-click on the "front" edge of the roof, and select "Set Azimuth to ___". The modules will automatically align to face that building edge.
There are a number of methods for setting the spacing between rows. The most common approach is to set the row spacing based on a zero-tolerance shading rule from 10am to 2pm on the winter solstice. Do this automatically from the "Time of Day" link in the Designer.
Use the "Setback" parameter to define a perimeter setback around the array. Most codes require either a 4 foot or 6 foot setback, depending on the size of the building. In areas with significant snowfall, the perimeter requirements may be as high as 10 feet.
As necessary, define setbacks around objects. For larger objects, such as HVAC units or skylights, typical setback distances are ~4 feet. For smaller objects, smaller setbacks (~2 feet) are more common.
If the obstruction has a height, enter that next to the Keepout in the menu. You will have two options for adjusting the array based on the shadows from these Keepouts: either remove modules that are shaded from 10am to 2pm on the winter solstice (the default), or remove modules based on their shading percentage in the Advanced - Shading menu tab.
Finally, add in walkways across both center-lines of the building – or, for larger buildings, draw these every 150'.
Select a string inverter, and HelioScope will automatically set an inverter quantity that results in a DC-to-AC ratio of approximately 1.25. Move the inverters to the locations where they will be mounted, and the wire content will be adjusted automatically.
If you plan to use microinverters, simply select them, and HelioScope will automatically configure the AC array accordingly. In this case, move the red icon to the point of grid interconnection.
With the inverters and/or grid connection point set, confirm the voltage drop next to the conductors (see the example below). Most engineers strive to keep the voltage drop values below 2% for both the DC and AC systems.
The weather file defines how much sunlight (and therefore how much energy yield) an array will have. Use the "Weather" menu of the Condition Set to choose a weather file. Many engineers will use the nearest TMY2 or TMY3 file, unless they are too far from the location of the array.
Under the "Soiling" menu of the Condition Set, choose the soiling/snow loss rates, either yearly or monthly. Arrays near coastline, highways, or deserts can often have higher soiling rates. And arrays in snowy areas can have significantly greater losses from snow cover in the winter months.


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Q: How to join two Tables which have no unique ID I am trying to Left join Table 1 to table 2
Table1          Table2
ID  Data        ID  Data2
1   r           1   q
2   t           1   a
3   z           2   x
1   u           3   c

After i have left joined this two Tables i would like get something like this
  Table1+2
ID  Data    Data2
1   r        a
2   t        x
3   z        c
1   u        q

and NOT
  Table1+2
ID  Data    Data2
1   r        q
2   t        x
3   z        c
1   u        q

and my question is: is there any possibility to tell table 2 that if u have used something for table 1, dont use it and give me next value. do i have to make it im T-SQL or to and new column where i can list if this id exists then write 2 if not 1(Number data). How can i solve this problem?
Ty u in advance.

A: Since there's no uniqueness in the ID on both tables, lets add some uniqueness to it.
So it can be used to join on.
The window function ROW_NUMBER can be used for that.
An example solution that gives the expected result:
DECLARE @TestTable1 TABLE (ID INT, Data VARCHAR(1));
DECLARE @TestTable2 TABLE (ID INT, Data VARCHAR(1));

INSERT INTO @TestTable1 VALUES (1,'r'),(2,'t'),(3,'z'),(1,'u');
INSERT INTO @TestTable2 VALUES (1,'q'),(1,'a'),(2,'x'),(3,'c');

select
 t1.ID, t1.Data,
 t2.Data as Data2
from (
  select ID, Data,
  row_number() over (partition by ID order by Data) as rn
  from @TestTable1
) t1
left join (
  select ID, Data,
  row_number() over (partition by ID order by Data) as rn
  from @TestTable2
) t2 on t1.ID = t2.ID and t1.rn = t2.rn;

Note: Because of the LEFT JOIN, this does assume the amount of same ID's in table2 are equal or lower can those on table1. But you can change that to a FULL JOIN if that's not the case.
Returns :
ID  Data Data2
1   r    a
1   u    q
2   t    x
3   z    c

To get the other result could have been achieved in different ways.
This is actually a more common situation.
Where one wants all from Table 1, but only get one value from Table 2 for each record of Table 1.
1) A top 1 with ties in combination with a order by rownumber()
select top 1 with ties
 t1.ID, t1.Data,
 t2.Data as Data2
from @TestTable1 t1
left join @TestTable2 t2 on t1.ID = t2.ID
order by row_number() over (partition by t1.ID, t1.Data order by t2.Data desc);

The top 1 with ties will only show those where the row_number() = 1
2) Using the row_number in a subquery:
select ID, Data, Data2
from (
    select
     t1.ID, t1.Data,
     t2.Data as Data2,
     row_number() over (partition by t1.ID, t1.Data order by t2.Data desc) as rn
    from @TestTable1 t1
    left join @TestTable2 t2 on t1.ID = t2.ID
) q
where rn = 1;

3) just a simple group by and a max :
select t1.ID, t1.Data, max(t2.Data) as Data2
from @TestTable1 t1
left join @TestTable2 t2 on t1.ID = t2.ID
group by t1.ID, t1.Data
order by 1,2;

All 3 give the same result:
ID Data Data2
1  r    q
1  u    q
2  t    x
3  z    c

A: Use ROW_NUMBER
DECLARE @Table1 TABLE (ID INT, DATA VARCHAR(10))
DECLARE @Table2 TABLE (ID INT, DATA VARCHAR(10))

INSERT INTO @Table1
VALUES
(1,   'r'),
(2,   't'),
(3,   'z'),
(1,   'u')

INSERT INTO @Table2
VALUES
(1,   'q'),
(1,   'a'),
(2,   'x'),
(3,   'c')

SELECT
    A.*,
    B.DATA
FROM
    (SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY(SELECT NULL)) RowId FROM @Table1) A INNER JOIN
    (SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY(SELECT NULL)) RowId FROM @Table2) B ON A.ID = B.ID AND
                                                                                A.RowId = B.RowId

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lime knows when you're riding its scooters on the sidewalk
Latest in Entertainment
Image credit: Jesse Grant via Getty Images
Ewan McGregor will play Obi-Wan Kenobi again in a new 'Star Wars' show
It takes place after 'Revenge of the Sith.'
08.23.19 in Services
Ewan McGregor of 'Untitled Obi-Wan Kenobi Series' and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy took part today in the Disney+ Showcase at Disney's D23 EXPO 2019 in Anaheim, Calif. 'Untitled Obi-Wan Kenobi Series' will stream exclusively on Disney+, which launches November 12. Jesse Grant via Getty Images
For Star Wars fans the Disney+ news revealed tonight included a peek at The Mandalorian, a release window for the next season of the Clone Wars, and the surprise return of a familiar face: Ewan McGregor. The actor will reprise his role of Obi-Wan Kenobi from the prequel trilogy in a new show streaming on Disney+.
We don't know the name or when it will be ready for viewing, but the idea of revisiting that part of Star Wars history is going over pretty well already. Apparently the show will take place eight years after the end of Revenge of the Sith, where Obi-wan delivered Luke Skywalker to Tatooine. According to Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy, filming will start next year.
Hello there! Just announced at #D23Expo: Ewan McGregor will reprise his role as Obi-Wan Kenobi in a new original series, coming to #DisneyPlus. pic.twitter.com/Bk67rslEYU
— Disney+ (@disneyplus) August 24, 2019
Source: StarWars.com
Coverage: Reuters
In this article: d23, d23 expo, D23expo2019, Disney, Disney Plus, Disney+, entertainment, Ewan McGregor, Obi-wan Kenobi, Revenge of the Sith, services, Star Wars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Goldfields Goldfields
Information sign, Goldfields
Image: Goldfields signage, Goldfields, Victoria, Australia
Travelling by car
The Goldfields region is within easy reach of Melbourne. The Western Freeway leads past the townships of Bacchus Marsh and Ballan to Ballarat. Follow the Calder Highway past Kyneton to Castlemaine, then further north to Bendigo. You can also get to Bendigo from Melbourne by driving north on the Hume Freeway via Kilmore, then veering onto the Northern Highway via Heathcote and then onto the McIvor Highway.
If you are travelling from interstate why not explore the region and its neighbours? Consider following the Sydney Melbourne Heritage Drive from Canberra to Bendigo, or the Great Southern Touring Route to Ballarat via the Great Ocean Road and the Grampians.
Public transport options
V/Line offers train services from Southern Cross Station direct to Bendigo, Castlemaine, Ballarat and Maryborough. Travel time from Melbourne to Bendigo is approximately 2 hours, and 1.5 hours from Melbourne to Ballarat. Connecting coach services operate from Bendigo and Ballarat to other towns within the Goldfields.
Those further afield can choose to travel between Bendigo and Sydney via Qantas. Flights are available every day of the week, with an approximate travel time of 1 hour and 50 minutes. Connecting flights are available for those wishing to travel beyond Sydney. For more information or to book, visit qantas.com.au.
Shuttle services operate between Melbourne Airport and both Ballarat and Bendigo. For timetables and fares, visit airportshuttlebus.com.au (Ballarat) and bendigoairportservice.com.au (Bendigo).
Find a broad range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes, from B&Bs, historic cottages and grand hotels to camping and holiday parks.
Discover rich gold rush heritage, enjoy sumptuous food and wine, and let an expert guide you around the Goldfields.
Visitor information centres can help you book accommodation in their region, and give you advice about local events and things to do.
Visit towns across the Goldfields and experience their unique history, ornate streetscapes, great wine and local produce, and boutique accommodation.
Back to Travel info


The City of Ray, North Dakota, had replaced the highest priority cast iron water mains from 2012 to 2014 to address poor chlorine residuals, rust-colored water, and dependability. Though the chlorine residuals improved, rust-colored water still occasionally occurred, triggered from tuberculation in the remaining cast iron mains. The city consulted with Interstate Engineering to devise a plan to improve the city's water system while minimizing disruptions to the public.
Interstate Engineering became aware of a water main cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) technology. Once the concept was brought to the city, Interstate Engineering was tasked with determining if it was practical in addressing the city's problem. Once feasibility was established, Interstate Engineering further researched which trenchless method was most appropriate for the project. Because water main CIPP renovation is a relatively new procedure, representatives from Interstate Engineering and the City of Ray traveled to Seattle to observe a CIPP water main renovation project during construction.
CIPP offers many advantages, specifically when the water main is the only utility in need of repair. When a water main is located in a paved and congested utility corridor with multiple service connections, CIPP requires less excavation and restoration than traditional open-cut methods. It also has minimal impact on adjacent utilities. The design life of a fully structural Class IV liner is 50 years, meeting the ASTM standards.
Interstate Engineering presented a recommendation the City of Ray to proceed with the project utilizing CIPP technology. The city proceeded with the renovation of over 7,100 linear feet of water mains using CIPP. The project included 110 water service connections, each one being reconnected internally using robotic equipment. The water service connection process left the street surface undisturbed, a distinct difference to a pipe bursting technology where the main needs to be dug to reconnect each service. Interstate Engineering assisted the City of Ray in securing Drinking Water State Revolving Fund loans for the project. Sixty percent of the water loans were loan forgiveness (grant funds).
The water main CIPP renovation was completed within budget and schedule with minimal public inconvenience. The city saw an estimated savings of between 20% and 25% in comparison to the estimated cost of an open-cut water main replacement project for the community.
The City of Ray improved their water mains utilizing CIPP.


text:
Andrew Sheppard (Singer) Height, Weight, Age, Affairs, Biography & More
Andrew Shepard (Singer) Height, Weight, Date of Birth, Age, Wiki, Biography, Girlfriend & More
Andrew Shepard is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for participating in the American Song Contest, where he had the opportunity to represent his home state of Idaho and compete against 55 other musicians – one from each US state or territory. He is originally from Hailey, Idaho.
Andrew Shepard grew up in Hailey, Idaho, to a musical family. His mother Lisa Anderson is a singer and hairstylist. She always played and sang in rock and roll and blues bands. He also has two sisters in his family; Mason Shepard Williams and Celeste Courtem who is also a singer and songwriter.
Shepard began playing bass in a punk rock band in high school under the influence of his mother's rehearsals and live shows. At the age of 19, he picked up the guitar and started writing songs and 10 years later, he released his sophomore album, "Steady Your Am" on March 23, 2018.
Real Name Andrew Shepard
profession Singer, Lyricist and Musician
Date of birth not known
Age (as in 2002) not known
birth place Hailey, Idaho
the nationality American
hometown Hailey, Idaho
family Father: Name Not Known
Mother: Lisa Anderson
Sister: Mason Shepard Williams and Celeste Courtum
Brother: Not Available
Wife: Not Available
Know Boise, Idaho
Education details and more
college Boise State University
First entry Television : American Song Contest (2022)
Prize Not Available
physical statistics and more
Height In feet: 5′ 9″ feet
In Meter : 1.79 Sq. Meter
weight In pounds: 154 pounds
In kilograms : 70 kilos
body shape Chest: 40 inches
Biceps: 12 inches
hair color White
Hobby Skateboarding and Music
Some facts about Andrew Shepard
Andrew Shepard was born in Hailey and currently lives in Boise, Idaho
Andrew began making albums in 2009 and has been touring and recording ever since.
In early 2007, he moved to Los Angeles, CA to pursue his passion for skateboarding. After a torn knee derailed his skating plans, he shifted his focus back to writing music.
In 2008, Andrew formed the band, The Gypsy River Hunts which disbanded in 2012.
His last album, Steady Your Am, was released in 2018.
He is an ardent dog lover.
If you have. have more information about Andrew Shepard, Please comment below we will update within an hour.
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The Louth Triathlon is back for it's 5th year on Sunday 2nd September. Part of the Lincolnshire Triathlon Series with Grantham Triathlon on 7th April & Skegness Triathlon on Sunday 13th May.
A very popular event for 1st timers as well as the more experienced triathlete! Our venue is the Meridian Leisure Centre (MLC) in Louth, a clean and modern 25m heated pool. Moving through transition you have a short run down the hill to the bike mount line. Transition is based in the neighbouring school fields to the north of MLC, creating a dedicated route out onto the bike element. The bike section is still a technical course and gives you the chance to ride along some quiet Lincolnshire country roads. Although relatively flat the route has been described as a great bike route as 'it doesn't allow you to stay in the saddle'.
The run takes you around some of the lanes in Louth and up an old disused train line along Railway Walk. The walk is very picturesque and a little hidden gem in Louth, and possibly the best part of the race. The waterstation is positioned so you can get liquid refreshment twice along the 2 lap course. Railway Walk will be closed to the general public on race day, so you can enjoy the tree lined path without interruption.
Louth Aquathlon was added to the event last year. So if you fancy a shorter race over the swim and run elements you can enter this race. Held on the same day you will swim in the pool then run into transition to grab your shoes & go straight onto the run. We think this is a great way to try a multi-sport race. Places are limited to 50 entries on this race.
The triathlon team consists of 2 or 3 members. If your team has 2 members, the first member will conduct the swim and the run and the 2nd member will conduct the bike. If your team has 3 members, 1 member conducts EITHER the swim, the bike or the run. The team can consist of British Triathlon Federation members and non-members. Any non-members must pay their £5.00 Day Licence fee at registration on the day of the event. For the Aquathlon the team will consist of 2 members, 1 on the swim and 1 on the run.
You will only be able to ENTER the Lincolnshire Triathlon Series up to the date when Skegness Triathlon online entries close - OR if you competed at Skegness you need to book onto Louth Triathlon & you will be automatically entered into the series.
The Lincolnshire Triathlon Series comprises of 2 races in 2017, Skegness Triathlon on Sunday 13th May and Louth Triathlon on Sunday 2nd September.
The date for 2017 is Sunday 2nd September.
Free parking can be found on Gresley Road or at the Monk's Dyke Technical College, just follow the signs and make sure you arrive a good hour before your start time.
Ensure you bring photo ID for registration or BTF membership card. As well as your race kit, swimwear, bike, helmet, run kit and trainers.


Pav bhaji is one of the most popular street foods in Bombay. You'll find industrial-sized woks of this on the street side, with an iron pan beside it for the bread to toast drenched in butter. The key to this meal is BUTTER. And a soft bun. It is always eaten with white bread, and for the sake of authenticity for someone who has never eaten it before, we did the same. I promise that next time we'll be eating this with whole grain rolls.
"Bhaji" just means mixed vegetables that are mashed together and "Pav" or "Pao" means bun/bread roll. Everyone has their preferences as to what vegetables to include, but I'm sure everyone agrees that potatoes dominate the dish, and rightly so. Other than the butter, its what adds creaminess to it. Feel free to use whatever you have lying around, as long as you respect the place of the potato.
Since the potatoes, carrots and cauliflower have to be boiled until tender for this recipe, I used a pressure cooker because it cooks it in literally 10 minutes (one whistle). You can boil the vegetables until tender without a pressure cooker too, of course.
The key to cooking Indian food is cooking in stages, so that everything has a chance to come alive. It's important for the onions to turn golden because that adds a distinct flavor to the dish, and it's important for the spices to cook a few minutes to awaken them, and it's also important to cook the tomatoes to dissolve its rawness.
* If you have pav bhaji masala, then ignore the spice list above, and add 1 tbs pav bhaji masala, 1 1/2 tsp cumin powder and 1 1/2 tsp coriander powder.
1. In a sauce pan (or pressure cooker for one whistle), boil the potatoes, cauliflower and carrot until tender.
2. Heat a heavy-bottom pan on medium heat and add oil, butter and the chopped onion. Cook until the onion is golden brown, stirring occasionally. Then add the garlic, ginger, green peppers and all the spices and cook for a minute or two. Add the crushed tomatoes and tomato puree and cook for about 10 minutes.
3. Mash in the cooked vegetables and peas and cook for another 10 minutes, adding 1/2-1 cup of water, depending on how thick you want it.
4. Garnish with chopped cilantro (coriander) leaves and another tablespoon of butter.
5. In a warm pan with some butter, toast a bread roll, split in half, on both sides.
6. Serve with chopped red onion that is salted and dressed with lemon.
Eat with your fingers for a more authentic experience!
1. In a large bowl, proof yeast with warm water and sugar until active and bubbly, about 3 - 5 minutes.
2. Add the flour, salt and oil and knead until smooth and elastic, about 7 - 10 minutes. Cover with a tea towel and keep in a warm place for 1 1/2 hours.
3. Grease a large dish or a sheet pan with oil. Carefully divide the dough into 12 balls. Place 1/2 inch apart in the dish. Cover with a tea towel and proof for 45 minutes.
4. Preheat oven to 200C or 400F. Once warm, bake rolls for 20 - 25 minutes, until golden. A digital thermometer inserted in the center should read at least 97C. Immediately apply butter over the tops of the buns. Cool for 15 - 20 minutes before eating.
Notes: This bread is deliciously soft on the first day, but slightly less soft the next day, so try to enjoy on the day it's made.


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Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
Last names beginning with H
Hall, Theodora Clemens
Story: Hall, Theodora Clemens
Related biographies
Page 1: Biography
This biography, written by Shirley Dowding, was first published in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography in 1998.
Theodora Clemens Easterfield was born at Wellington on 12 June 1902, the fourth of five children of Anna Maria Kunigunda Büchel and her husband, Thomas Hill Easterfield, professor of chemistry and physics at Victoria College, who was to become the first director of the Cawthron Institute, Nelson.
Theo, as she was known, received her secondary education at Wellington Girls' College between 1915 and 1919. As a schoolgirl she represented Wellington province at hockey and achieved academic distinction. Like her sister Helen before her, she enrolled at the University of Otago to study medicine and in 1926 graduated MB, ChB. Large hospitals were slow to employ women graduates and it was testimony to Theo's ability that she was immediately accepted as a house surgeon at Wellington Hospital. There were no women doctors' quarters at the hospital so she was obliged to undertake locum work until these were made ready.
In 1929 Theo Easterfield accepted a two-year registrar's appointment at Cook Hospital, Gisborne. After this she travelled overseas for postgraduate study and in 1932 gained her MRCP. On the voyage back to New Zealand she disembarked at Melbourne, and there on 22 November 1932 she married Richard John Burnside Hall, surgeon superintendent at Cook Hospital, who was a widower with a young daughter. They returned to hospital work at Gisborne and served the district with dedication for the next 25 years. With household assistance they raised their family of three daughters.
After a brief period as registrar and assistant physician, in 1934 Theo Hall was appointed specialist physician. Her job was arduous: she had sole responsibility for all the hospital's specialist medical work, with some help from the Hawke's Bay tuberculosis officer, who visited quarterly. Lacking colleagues of similar seniority to consult, she was forced to read widely in current medical literature. Her advice was often sought by local practitioners, who sometimes attended her ward rounds as a form of refresher course. Her diagnostic skills in particular were regarded as outstanding.
Theo Hall was always available to speak with concerned relatives and her ready wit could always put them at ease. Her strong sense of duty to patients is illustrated by a story told by a former colleague. On one occasion Theo and her husband had planned a rare evening out. Just as they were about to depart, a 10-year-old girl was admitted with a life-threatening meningococcal infection. Theo immediately took over from her struggling house physician and, changing her long evening gloves for rubber gloves, took the required sample of spinal fluid from the patient. She stayed with the child and her mother until the sample was tested and treatment initiated, by which time it was too late to consider going out.
In 1957 Dick retired and Theo reluctantly followed suit. In January 1958 they moved to Paihia, but after a few months Theo accepted the position of visiting physician to the Bay of Islands Hospital at Kawakawa, which accounted for two days each week. Now there was time for her to enjoy clinical meetings at Whangarei, to participate in grand rounds and seminars at Auckland Hospital, and to study the emerging specialist area of rheumatology. There was also more time for children and grandchildren, travel, boating, bird-watching, gardening, cooking and entertaining.
In 1971 Theo Hall resigned from her position at Kawakawa for health reasons. Her professional advice continued to be sought and she was a valued counsellor to her friends. She was made an FRACP in 1974. In 1979 she suffered a coronary and the same year Dick had a stroke. Although he eventually made a good recovery and lived on until 1986, Theo's health continued to deteriorate. She died in Auckland Hospital on 19 December 1980. Theo Hall's exceptional personality, capacity for work, professional competence, teaching skills and regard for patients' needs earned her the respect and affection of all who knew her.
Next:External links and sources
Shirley Dowding. 'Hall, Theodora Clemens', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1998. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/4h6/hall-theodora-clemens (accessed 19 January 2020)


Dynamic Steel Frame & Dynamic Pods are looking for a SUPERSTAR to join our team.
If you're fun, energetic, enjoy fast paced work and a multi-task master we want you!
Follow the below link for our new Contracts Administration and Accounts position available.
Skills, experience and expected duties all in the job description.


The jack is designed to maximize your safety when lifting your vehicle. You can lift up to 3 tons to heights from 135-495mm.
The pivot able wheels offer easy handling and excellent maneuverability.
The stamp ist suited for several different types of vehicles.


text:
Domestic Watch List Search
The Domestic Watch List Search scans U.S. government lists for criminals on the run from the law, including the FBI's Most Wanted and the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) No Fly List. Records returned include cases such as a candidate being wanted by a foreign government for financing a terrorist group. This search is included in ScoutLogic's National Criminal File search.


text:
"The Weight" Across the Planet
September 21, 2019 September 21, 2019 Larry Lootsteen	1 Comment	Playing For Change, Ringo Starr, Robbie Robertson, The Weight
The Band's iconic song performed by Robbie Robertson, Ringo Starr and a host of others around the world.
"What key is it in, Robbie?" Ringo Starr, sitting behind a drum set, asks Robbie Robertson over the phone. Ringo nods. "F-demented!" What happens next is a joyous cover of "The Weight," with Robertson reprising the recording's soulful intro lick. A series of musicians from all over the world – Marcus King, Lukas Nelson, the Japanese guitar virtuoso Char, Congo soul singer Mermens Mosengo and more – all add their own flavor to the classic from different locations.
The project comes from Playing For Change, a group dedicated to "breaking down the boundaries and overcome distances between people." That includes schools 15 music schools across 11 countries, documentaries and viral videos bringing artists from different cultures together; the group has released videos for "Redemption Song," "What's Going On" and more. "The Weight" was done on an epic scale, a year and a half of production over five continents. "We made it brick by brick, starting with Robbie," says co-founder Mark Johnson, a Grammy-winning producer-engineer who's worked with Paul Simon, Keith Richards and more. "That's what makes this special. We could never have never assembled this group in the studio. You need to go there, and then when you go there, you're where they feel comfortable. You hear that in the music."
You can read the whole, powerful story here.
← The Trillion Dollar Ticket
Sam Roberts, Buffy Sainte-Marie among singers for Secret Path Live →
Larry Lootsteen
Music is life and I love to write about all things music. Independent music blogger. Writer in general. I am a big fan of alternative and indie music but there's no genre I haven't found something to like.
What Does Music Look Like?
August 28, 2015 August 28, 2015 Alan Cross	0
New from the world of band merch: Metallica socks
October 29, 2019 October 29, 2019 Alan Cross	0
Which 90s Alt-Rock Dude Are You?
February 8, 2014 Alan Cross	0
One thought on ""The Weight" Across the Planet"
feshop-cc
Tһanks for finally talking about >A Journal of Musjcal Things"The Weight" Across
the Planet – A Journal of Musicɑl Things <Liked it!


Peregrine Falcon in flying pose chasing Red Grouse affixed to log.
This was a challenging pose and I tried to keep the bird taxidermy mount looking as close to life as possible. Looking at the G-force a bird like the peregrine falcon would sustain pulling out of a dive I had to give my best ans calculated guess this I believe to be around 3g and at a stress of the magnitude the cule on the feathers is as close to what I can find out a accurate.


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Underwater robot looks for endangered sturgeon fish
Megan Treacy mtreacy
© ORB Lab / University of Delaware
The latest in a growing group of awesome underwater robots doing great things for science is an autonomous glider that is helping University of Delaware scientists find endangered Atlantic sturgeon fish in Delaware waterways and beyond.
As UD reports, "More than a century ago, an estimated 180,000 female Atlantic sturgeon arrived from the coast in the spring to spawn in the Delaware River and fishermen sought their caviar as a lucrative export to Europe. Overfishing contributed to steep population declines, however, and today numbers have dwindled to fewer than 300 adults."
The solution that the university has come up with is to use satellite information and historical records of ocean conditions and where the migrating species has been previously tracked to predict where they may be on any given day.
"There are specific, observable waters in the ocean that we hypothesize are more associated with this species," said Matthew Oliver, assistant professor of oceanography in UD's College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment.
When these condition arise, the robot (OTIS) gets sent out to try and locate some of the species and so far it has worked. In three weeks of the experiment, 10 sturgeon have been detected by the robot. If not tagged already, fish are tagged and then released. The project will go for a total of three months, collecting migration data for the fish and also using on-board technology to collect additional ocean data like salinity, dissolved oxygen levels, chlorophyll and ocean currents.
The hard part of protecting fish species is that they're always on the move, but with technology like the glider and this new prediction system, when fish are detected, warnings can be sent to fishermen to avoid certain areas where sturgeon are active.
The team would like to ultimately have several gliders in the water at different sites to get a better idea of the borders of the fish's movement.
You can follow along with the project's progress and see more photos at the team's Facebook page.
A new underwater glider is giving scientists a better understanding of the migrating habits of Atlantic sturgeon.
Flipperbot robot walks on the beach like a sea turtle
Coral-fixing robots need a Kickstart
Robots could keep solar panels clean in arid regions, without using...
'Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World' (boo...
6 zero-waste lessons from Paris
China bans single-use plastics


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HomeNews50 Cent Says He Doesn't Want Nicki Minaj To Retire From Her...
50 Cent Says He Doesn't Want Nicki Minaj To Retire From Her Music Career
Last week, Nicki Minaj announced she would be retiring from music in order to start a family in a decision that shocked fans and the music community alike. Some responded with congratulations and others disappointment. Like 50 Cent, who wasn't too happy about Nicki's decision. The rapper took to social media, as usual, to share his opinion.
50 Cent posted a photo of Nicki and her new husband Kenneth Petty, saying he wishes the rapper would just take some time off rather than calling it quits. "Both these n*ggas crazy, but you know you gotta love it SOUTH SIDE. I don't want Nicki Minaj to retire just take a break."
Since making the sudden announcement about leaving her music, Nicki apologized to fans for the "abrupt [and] insensitive" news. Nicki promised that she'd further explain her decision on the next episode of Queen Radio on Beats 1. "I'm still right here," she tweeted. "Still madly in love with you guys & you know that. In hindsight, this should've been a Queen Radio discussion & it will be. I promise u guys will be happy. No guests, just us talking about everything. The tweet was abrupt & insensitive, I apologize babe."
I'm still right here. Still madly in love with you guys & you know that. In hindsight, this should've been a Queen Radio discussion & it will be. I promise u guys will be happy. No guests, just us talking about everything. The tweet was abrupt & insensitive, I apologize babe https://t.co/eS0oHipwtg
— Mrs. Petty (@NICKIMINAJ) September 6, 2019
Though Nicki just made the announcement about taking a break from music, she's had these plans in line for years. In a 2015 interview, Nicki mentioned starting a family. She believes there is "a housewife somewhere" in her heart.
Well NM5 will be her final album for now. This better be HER BIGGEST ERA. pic.twitter.com/ayUXOpxJcN
— Twink Print (@goodsisnicki) September 5, 2019
In the same clip, Nicki said she would want to have at least five albums before she leaves to build a family, meaning her upcoming record will be her last for a while. "In terms of music, I would like to have at least five albums done so that I could come back and speak from a mother's perspective."
Nicki Minaj Retires To Focus On Family
Kanye West Plays 'Jesus Walks' And Other Hits At His Chicago Edition Of 'Sunday Service'
Tua Tagovailoa Gets Career Update From His Parents


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Cloudy. High around 50F. Winds light and variable..
Rain showers in the evening will evolve into a more steady rain overnight. Low 41F. Winds SSE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 100%. Rainfall near a quarter of an inch.
A bee pollinates blueberry flowers in this file photo.
Mateusz Perkowski/Capital Press
Kansas farmers are using bees again to increase crop health
By ALICE MANNETTE The Hutchinson News
WINDOM, Kan. (AP) — With a nudge toward the past, Kansas farms are using bees once again to increase crop health.
During the early 1900s bees were prevalent in the state. Jorge Garibay, a beekeeping consultant from St. John, and others across the state want to increase this insect's numbers once again, The Hutchinson News reported.
Garibay said in 1977 there were more than 40,000 colonies in Kansas. Now there are just under 7,000. Garibay raises bees, produces hives and sells honey. He works with farmers to try to increase their yield and diversify.
Yields for soybeans, cotton and sunflowers increase substantially with hard-working bees nearby. Garibay said six to eight hives on one acre of crop usually increases the yield, and in the case of sunflowers, the weight of the commodity. Approximately 4,000 bees live in a hive.
Although soybeans are self-pollinating, Garibay said the yield increases from 10% to 40% when honey-pollinating bees are present. According to this beekeeper, the farmer would need six to eight hives per acre for a 40% bump in the yield. The purple-flowered plants seem to benefit more from the insect than the white-flowered ones.
"You can produce substantial honey crops from soybean flowers," he said.
Although bees visit cornfields to gather pollen, Garibay said there is no known benefit to the crop. But, he recommends farmers plant a row of nectar-producing plants between corn rows to benefit the bees and provide nutrition for the corn.
"You'd be producing two crops on the same ticket," he said.
For sunflowers, the bee's benefit is substantial, increasing seeds by up to 60%, Garibay said. Cotton also has increased yield with bees, although bees sometimes leave too much residue on the cotton plant.
Garibay gives presentations to farmers throughout the state. In December, he spoke at Santa Fe Trails Farms in Windom during the No-Till Field Day.
Joe Swanson, of Santa Fe Trail Farms, started using bees last summer. Garibay installed several hives near his crops, which the beekeeper takes care of, including harvesting the honey for Swanson.
"We are excited about the addition of bees in our system," Swanson said. "We were already focused on soil health, but the bees add another vector for pollination, and we might add a little income on the honey."
Garibay said humans and bees need to find a way to work together. Sometimes he is called in to gather swarms of bees and relocate them. By placing bees in a natural habitat it is a win-win situation for the environment and the bee.
"One hundred years ago, the farmers had the bees on their land," Garibay said. "Feral honeybees are not dying but running low on habitat. I hope I can turn a page on this."
In 2019, Garibay placed 140 honey boxes to catch feral bees. He then brought the bees to locations where they thrive.
"We tend to overcrowd them in mainstream, conventional beekeeping," he said. "The great thing about bees is that they manage themselves. They feed themselves, self-breed, store up supplies for winter and clean themselves."
Bees also need the right climate. During the summer, Kansas' favorable weather helps the bees collect honey. They need access to water, pollen and nectar. Bees make honey to survive the winter. To keep the hives active, beekeepers do not take all the honey from the bees.
Tony Schwager, owner of his family-run business, the Bee Shop in Lawrence, sells Italian and what he labels as "survivor bees." Both of these stock, he said, thrive in Kansas.
"They're really good bees," Schwager said. "They resist mites. They're a tried-and-true breed."
Schwager works with farmers and urban agriculture customers. He also teaches classes and sells all types of beekeeping equipment.
Rick and Vickie Turner, of Gridley, went into beekeeping after they retired. The Turners have raised bees for three years and have 10 hives. Recently, the couple received a grant from the National Resources Conservation Service. They said this grant is to help take care of the habitat of the monarch butterfly.
"Jorge mentors us," Vickie Turner said. "He's the one who got us to convert to horizontal (beehives)."
Tim Gogolski is a beekeeper in Osage City. He has worked with bees as a hobby since he was 14 and now has 15 hives. Gogolski, like Garibay, manages hives for others, including farmers.
"When I retired, my wife told me to have something to do," Gogolski said.
Other farmers are looking to diversify for both the health of the crop and the income honey could produce.
Jerry Birdsell, who owns a farm in Jewell, said one of his sons is interested in working with bees. Along with milo, corn, wheat and soy, Birdsell grows sunflowers, buckwheat, canola and safflower on Birdsell Family Farm. In addition to the soybeans, bees enjoy canola and safflower plants.
Darren Nelson, of Nelson Bower Farms in Windom, is thinking of starting to work with bees with his three children, ages 7, 8 and 10.
"I'm always looking out for something they could do so they could start earning money," Nelson said. "I can put them through college with bees."
Yvonne Burden, of Stephenson Land and Cattle in Medicine Lodge, is also examining the possibilities of diversifying with bees.
"I'm looking into how we can utilize bees to increase our grasses and benefit fruit trees," Burden said.
The beekeepers associations, the Bee Store, Garibay and other beekeepers throughout Kansas are ready to answer questions about raising bees.
"We have to believe that change will happen," Garibay said. "Farmers and not nomadic beekeepers will be the stewards of honeybees in the future."
Agriculture And The Environment
Soft Commodity Markets
Commodity Markets
Blockchain technology helps farmers track crops
Wool and sheep price report
West Coast grain report
National feeder and stocker cattle report


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VINCENT PRICE URGES "WORLD LAW"
Actor Vincent Price suggests that there cannot be world peace without "world law", and urges that mechanisms be put into place to make such ideas possible.
Actor Vincent Price suggests that it is time for the United Nations Charter to be rewritten.
A variety of shots of dead and injured coming off the battlefield and being treated during World War I. There is a nice CU of an injured soldier smoking.


Helsinki, Finland 04 April 2013 -- Metso will supply an OptiConcept M containerboard production line with an extended scope of supply implementation for the Ban Pong mill of Siam Kraft Industry Co., Ltd. in SCG Paper in Ratchaburi, Thailand. The start-up of the machine is scheduled for 2014. The value of the order will not be disclosed.
Siam Kraft Industry Co., Ltd. in SCG Paper produces and markets industrial and packaging paper in Thailand and internationally. It offers corrugating medium, linerboard, coreboard, industrial sack kraft, bag papers, plaster linerboard, duplex board as well as converted and finished products. The company was founded in 1984 and is based in Bangkok, Thailand. Siam Kraft Industry Co., Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of SCG Paper.


copper engraved map; overall 92,5 x 36 cm; plate 21,5 x 31 cm. folds as issued; some off-set; some indentations; some creases; edges slightly frayed; some smudges on verso; o/w vg cond.
This detailed map of Mexico is from the Italian edition of Bellin's Histoire Generale des Voyages.


Things like that happen at the Port Fairy Folk Festival.
Poppy Rose's first shopping trip to the supermarket and back.
What a way to go !!!
Our friends Margie and Al went cruising. We couldn't see each other as their ship sailed past – even with binoculars – so I sent them this photo so they'd know I was there.
The Warrnambool Maremma/Penguin program is achieving exciting results with the highest penguin count in 5 years. Volunteers counted 180 penguins arriving last Monday, which translates to an estimated 220-250 penguins settling, for the season, on Middle Island.
'Chooks in Dinner Suits' is the true story of how the program began. Illustrated by Craig Smith, published by Museum Victoria.
ON SALE NOW!!! 20% OFF till Dec 23.
A wonderfully environmentally friendly Christmas present for children 4-8yrs!
Best-ever Kids Songs, Uke'n Play Ukulele instruction&song books – all with CD's/download cards – are ideal for getting everyone singing and playing along over summer holidays. No musical experience needed, honest. Teachers are stocking up for school while the discount is on.


For our Awesome Animals performance, students are encouraged to bring a small but "realistic looking" stuffed animal to use for our performance. The size of a normal beanie baby will work just fine, though bigger than that is okay too. Stuffed animals should be small enough to easily fit in your child's backpack with their regular school items. If it takes up the entire backpack space, it is too big! Also, "realistic looking" means that we won't be using green bears, pink tigers, purple ponies, and such. Please send your student to school with the stuffed animal they would like to use to our next Monday rehearsal. This will give them plenty of time to bring in something else if what they've chosen won't work for what we need. Also, PLEASE DO NOT feel obligated to go out and buy your child a stuffed animal! I have a limited number of them that I use with classes at school that can be used if need be.
In addition to a stuffed animal, I thought it would be fun to decorate part of our performance space with pictures of family pets. If you have an extra copy of a family pet picture, please send it in! I plan to glue each picture onto a piece of construction paper. If you label the picture with your child's name on the back, I can return pictures back in a more timely manner after the concert. Please submit pet pictures to me, Mrs. Anderson, no later than April 22nd.