Joomla provides many tools and resources to create a successful, SEO-friendly website. Some of these come into play automatically. However, if you want to maximize your results, you have to take certain steps for optimizing your site. The following are our top five SEO tips for your Joomla website.
Google places a high value on both titles and meta descriptions. These should be directly relevant to your content. You should carefully research the best keywords to use for the titles of your posts and pages. There are certain Joomla extensions that can help you come up with better titles and descriptions.
You can find the settings for Site Meta Description and Site Meta Keywords under System and Global Configuration. In order for you to benefit from these steps, it's also essential to make sure that your Robots setting is set to Index, Follow. Otherwise, Google will not be able to read your data.
The strategy of obtaining external backlinks to rank your website is well known. With Google's Panda and Penguin updates, of course, you have to be careful about getting high-quality links. What many website owners overlook, however, is the value of internal links. These are links from one post or page on your site to another.
Internal linking serves a couple of important purposes. First of all, it encourages visitors to spend more time on your site. For example, if someone came to your page to read an article about dieting, you might have a link to another post about exercise. This means that visitors can find further information without leaving your site. People spending more time on your site is obviously good, both for your own purposes and for SEO. Furthermore, Google considers internal linking a sign of a helpful, high-quality site. So you should always look for other relevant content on your site that you can link to.
One of the simplest SEO tips for Joomla hosting is to make your URLs easy for the search engines to read. When you use a default URL that has a long string of numbers, letters and characters, it's not going to do you much good. You should make your URLs easy for both people and search engines to read.
It's easy to configure your URLs on Joomla. Under Global Configuration, turn on Search Engine Friendly URLs. You can find Joomla SEO extensions that create SEO-friendly URLS. While it's easy enough to do this yourself, extensions often have added benefits, such as monitoring broken URLs that lead to 404 errors. In addition to making your URLs SEO-friendly, make sure they contain keywords that are relevant to your content.
If you use Joomla hosting, you already benefit from the fact that Joomla automatically organizes your content into categories that are helpful for SEO. You can, however, enhance this process by making sure you do your part. Make sure that your site doesn't consist of random pages and posts without any consideration of categories.
It's much more effective to organize your site into broader and more specific categories that will interest your audience. This is related to building what's known as a silo structure. For example, if your website is devoted to pets, you might have dogs and cats as your two main categories. You might also have pages dedicated to sub-categories, which might be breeds of dogs and cats, types of food to give them, medical tips and so forth. The same is true for any topic. The more categories you can create, the more ways Google can rank you and the more people can find you.
It's now essential to make your website mobile-friendly. This is considered an important ranking factor by Google. As more and more people access the web via mobile devices, it's also crucial for attracting more traffic. First of all, make sure you install the latest version of Joomla. Anything released prior to version 3.X is not going to be mobile ready.
Make sure you're using a Joomla template that's responsive, meaning that visitors can access your site using any type of device. Once again, recently created templates are likely to be responsive. However, if you're using an older one it might not be. The simplest way to test your site for this quality is to enter your URL in Google's Mobile Friendly Test.
These are some of the simplest and most effective ways to optimize your Joomla site for the search engines. Joomla is a powerful platform that makes it fairly easy to make your site SEO-friendly. You can make the process easier by getting some Joomla extensions for SEO. What's most important, though, is to create high quality content and to make sure your titles, descriptions and URLs are properly optimized.


Update: Back in October, we brought you the story of Former USC Football Coach Steve Sarkisian and how the USC Administration handled alleged instances of Sarkisian drinking on the job. Sarkisian has filed suit in California State Court, claiming that, inter alia, he was terminated on the basis of his disability (alcoholism) . He further alleges that USC failed to engage in the interactive process. Notice that in his complaint, Sarkisian denies being inebriated, as his attorneys similarly recognize the need to separate the condition from the conduct. You can view the Complaint here.
This week, the University of Southern California terminated Steve Sarkisian, their head football coach. The firing came after a cavalcade of headlines that Sarkisian, essentially the CEO of a multi-million dollar enterprise, was increasingly showing up at practices, team functions, and even games allegedly under the influence of alcohol. The move came one day after Sarkisian took an indefinite leave of absence to enter treatment for alcoholism.
Obviously, we here at the Employment Discrimination Report wish Coach Sarkisian nothing but the best in his attempts to embrace recovery and put his life back on track. But the way USC handled the situation with a high-profile employee offers instruction on how to handle employees with substance abuse issues out of the public eye.
Under the Americans with Disability Act and most state anti-discrimination statutes, alcoholism meets the definition of a disability. But that should not be taken to mean an employer has to put up with an employee's drinking on the job or showing up drunk simply because they are an alcoholic. The disease of alcoholism meets the definition of a disability, which means that an employer can't take into account that an employee is an alcoholic when making employment decisions. However, an employer may maintain a blanket prohibition on drinking at work that applies to both alcoholics and non-alcoholics alike (If this is not in your handbook, it is well past time for an update).
An employee who can''t meet those standards because of drinking may be disciplined, whether they are an alcoholic or not. Taking Coach Sarkisian as an example, while he self-identifies as an alcoholic, USC can state that he was terminated for showing up intoxicated on the job, not because of his disease. The moral of the story is that the employer must set policies that separate the disease from conduct. This will allow employers to deal with employees caught drinking on the job yet still be in compliance with anti-discrimination statutes.
Feel free to contact our Labor and Employment Department with any further questions.


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O Baixo Miño en galicien ou El Bajo Miño en castillan, est une comarque de la province de Pontevedra en Galice (Espagne) située au sud de la province. Le fleuve Miño est sa frontière naturelle avec le Portugal au sud. À l'ouest sa limite est l'Océan Atlantique.

Communes
 A Guarda
 Oia
 O Rosal
 Tomiño
 Tui est le chef lieu de la comarque.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Comarques de Galice

Liens externes
 Page sur la comarque du Baixo Miño.

Comarque dans la province de Pontevedra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


By Gary Paul Nabhan, 2009. GPN is an ethnobiologist, conservationist, farmer and author of eight books.
Establishing a seed bank from the hundreds of thousands of seed he collected.
Mapping the world's centers of biodiversity for food crops, utilized today by conservation organizations as Biodiversity Hotspots.
Recognizing the importance of, and recording the knowledge of regional farmers about their crop varieties.
My favorite story was about a 90-year-old plant geneticist from Kazakhstan who told Nabhan how Vavilov changed his life. One day the great scientist was coming to his town to look at the forests of wild apple trees in the surrounding hills. At the time, Dr. Aimak Dzangaliev was a sixteen-year-old stable boy who was invited to accompany Vavilov and translate for him. Dzangaliev was so impressed by the genius that he saved money and studied for ten years, until one day his dream came true and he studied under Vavilov; he went on to become Kazakhstan's expert on wild apple diversity.
An example closer to home is the account of Vavilov collecting wild sunflower seed in Texas. He brought the seed back to his staff of oilseed breeders who worked on crossing the sunflower with the cultivated Helianthus annuus, our common garden sunflower. One plant geneticist, Pustovoit, continued breeding sunflowers for thirty years, using that same wild relative. He developed a strain, a stable hybrid sunflower with unusually high levels of polyunsaturated oils that became an oilseed crop in the Soviet Union. Many years later, farmers from Texas, USA, came to the agricultural research station where Pustovoit's daughter gave them seed to take back to Texas, where it now grows as a crop.
The food crops indigenous to the US include wild rice, sunflowers, Jerusalem artichokes, tobaccos, low-bush blueberries and amaranths. Vavilov lectured in the US and spoke of crops unknown to his audience of American scientists, including tepary bean, maypops, maygrass, sumpweeds and chenopods, little barley and Chicksaw plums. To learn more about these crops see another of Nabhan's books, Renewing America's Food Traditions.
Nabhan relates that to this day whenever there has been major crop failure caused by disease or insect pests, plant specialists have gone in search of the crop's wild relatives and ancient landraces; somewhere in the world's centers of diversity they have found the seeds of genetic resistance. Although much diversity has been lost, farmers and scientists around the world are working to preserve food systems. Where Our Food Comes From is an urgent reminder to save traditional farming along with the seeds.


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More Details for Jay Wright's Book emerge
Cover released, Charles Barkley to pen forward.
By Mike J.@VUhoops Oct 18, 2016, 3:50pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: More Details for Jay Wright's Book emerge
The cover of Jay Wright's book, Attitude.
Penguin Random House Publishers
The exuberance of a National Championship has caused a handful of authors to tell their story of the 2016 Villanova Wildcats.
ESPN's Dana O'Neil was the first to announce her book, Long Shots, which will be released in February. Shortly after that announcement, head coach Jay Wright announced that his story would also be published; more details were publicly released today.
In addition to the cover, Attitude, a release date of February 28, 2017 was noted. Additionally, the book will include a forward by Charles Barkley (remember his reaction when Kris Jenkins nailed the championship-winning shot?).
The book will be co-written by Mike Sheridan, Nova Basketball's Director of Media Relations, with consulting by Mark Dagostino, who has worked on memoirs by other athletes like Hulk Hogan and Rudy Ruettiger.
The subtitle of Wright's book "Develop a Winning Mindset on and off the Court" shows that the tome will be more than a memoir, and will focus on personal growth in the shadow of preparing a team for a National Championship run.
Wright's book promises a "behind-the-scenes look at the making of a champion", as he "shares his competitive and cooperative philosophy, along with lessons from his coaching career and the story of his personal road to success". Additionally, Wright shares leadership secrets and principles for success for the board room or on the court.
Fans are able to pre-order Attitude now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Actor Tom Hiddleston has said he wants speculation that he is a key contender to play the next James Bond to stop. The Night Manager star said the unrelenting conjecture is becoming "overwhelming". Hiddleston is the bookies' favourite for the role ahead of Tom Hardy, Damian Lewis, Idris Elba, Aidan Turner and Henry Cavill.
I haven't spoken to anyone who makes those films ... the number of people per day who bring it up, it's actually becoming a weird thing to deal with.
Speaking at the US premiere of the hit TV series in Los Angeles on Tuesday (5 April) night, he said: "People have very strong opinions about Bond and why shouldn't they? But it's difficult to talk about because it's a completely unreal conversation in a way."
He revealed he has had no discussions with the filmmakers behind the iconic Bond franchise. He said the rumours are without foundation.
"I haven't spoken to anyone who makes those films. It's just an idea in people's minds so it's quite hard to engage with because it hasn't come from me if that makes sense. It's odd because it's becoming overwhelming - not the thing of it, but the number of people per day who bring it up, it's actually becoming a weird thing to deal with.
"I feel like, I want to just make it stop because I have no power over it, but that's what being famous is. You have no power over other people's opinions."
In an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel's US chat show on Tuesday (22 March) he discussed the 10/1 odds that he's down to replace Daniel Craig. "Who's gonna be James Bond?' is one of the nation's favourite pub conversations, up there with 'Who's gonna win X Factor?' and 'Is Britain gonna leave the EU?'"
"I play a British spy in The Night Manager so people, I think, have made the link. I mean, as somebody who grew up with Sean Connery and Roger Moore, when you mention it there's a part of me that goes, 'Really? Are you kidding?" he added.
Earlier, Dame Judi Dench, who plays spy boss M in the films fueled the rumour mill as she backed Hiddleston as a favorite to take on the coveted role. She said: "It's a really difficult role to take on and I feel Tom might be the one to do it."
While speculation about who might take on the role of the martini-swilling secret agent is ongoing, Daniel Craig is yet to officially rule himself out of returning as 007 after last year's blockbuster hit, Spectre.


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skiing, bike trails, hiking, swimming, etc.
We at Neuroeducation are dedicated to providing targeted mental health treatment and academic services with a positive attitude toward our clients and their families. Our skilled staff of professionals will assist clients through their personal growth and coordination of life skills, by the use of thorough assessments of brain-based behavior paired quality individualized treatment for children, adolescents, and adults with learning, behavioral, cognitive and/or emotional difficulties. In stressing quality, our goal to is to meet and exceed the expectations and requirements of our clients while aiming to provide a workplace that is joyful, energetic, and aimed at continual personal and professional growth.


text:
Howard University cafeteria workers denounce university efforts to scapegoat students for layoffs
Trévon Austin
The protest encampment at Howard University
One month into the student occupation of Howard University's Blackburn Center, campus workers are demanding that the university administration address the horrendous living conditions in student dormitories.
Students have camped outside the building in tents since October, demanding Howard University President Wayne A.I. Frederick meet with students and alumni over vermin infestations, black mold, cockroaches and other health hazards overseen by the for-profit building management company Corvias. The university has responded by deploying police to dislodge the peaceful protest.
Last week, the university announced that Sodexo cafeteria workers were laid off because of "unforeseen" costs caused by the student protests. But the WSWS contacted Sodexo on campus, and a representative said there had been no layoffs. A second source with knowledge also stated there had been no layoffs. In addition, Howard's Office for Campus Life continues to operate from the building the cafeteria was in, and the administration has not said if students will be issued a refund for their dining plan due to the cafeteria's closure.
If it is true there were no layoffs, this means the university lied in order to present the students as "privileged" in a cynical attempt to turn the working class against them.
The WSWS spoke to cafeteria workers at Howard who denounced the university's efforts to blame students for attacks on workers. The workers, who wished to remain anonymous for fear of retribution, spoke clearly and powerfully in defense of the students.
"They've been laying off workers since before this protest. [Howard] tried to blame it on the protesters, but the fact is that they were being petty and trying to intimidate the students. They closed down the other cafeteria when we already had limited resources, so now all the students are coming to this building," one worker said.
Another worker told the WSWS, "They should have done something about the dorms during the pandemic. No students were on campus."
Reporters from the World Socialist Web Site also spoke with striking students, who described the deplorable conditions they are facing.
"It's been one month now of students living in tents," one student said. "[Because of a housing shortage] the university sent a lot of kids off campus, basically telling them you're not going to live on campus."
The decaying condition of several of the university's dorms has contributed to a number of health problems among students.
"I know a friend that's in the hospital coughing up blood because of the black mold. … It's in everyone's vents. Everyone in Towers had this weird cough, so someone looked in the vents and saw the mold, which had already started to spread to people's things."
Taiye, another student, told the WSWS that the university purposefully lowered the temperature in buildings to intimidate and deter students.
Howard student Taiye
"Not only was the heating turned off, but the a/c (air conditioning) was on in the building. It's incredibly cold and difficult to get anything done in there," Taiye said.
The university claims it does not have the funds to repair the buildings or address the housing shortage, but students pointed to Howard's recent Homecoming featuring some of the school's most illustrious alumni. When asked about Frederick's $1 million income and the rising cost of tuition, students said there was no reason they should live the way they currently are.
"For us to spend $48,000 a year here … for that much money there shouldn't be rats in the dorms, there shouldn't be roaches, and there shouldn't be mold. It's obviously been a problem for years," one student said.
The protests at Howard University, the flagship of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), expose the fraudulent and reactionary nature of identity politics. Vice President Kamala Harris, who lives just three miles from the campus, used Howard as a backdrop to promote the Democrats' agenda during the 2020 presidential election. Moreover, a black university with a mostly black administration presides over housing conditions the pseudo-left attribute to "structural racism," and many of the police who assaulted protesters last week were black.
The student protesters at Howard University must link up their struggles with the broader strike movement developing among the working class in the US and internationally.
Join the fight to defend public education! No unsafe return to schools!
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Howard University students denounce deplorable living conditions
Student protest at Howard University over abysmal living conditions enters fourth week
Howard University students protest abysmal housing conditions, lack of student representation
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Summer is happening. If you're like me, you can't believe it's almost the middle of July.
With a few weeks before the kids go back to school, it's time to be intentional about making the most of the remaining time.
We've created handy dandy checklists for your home, your car and your family relationships; assuring you and your family is prepared to get things done and enjoy the summer.
-Are your doors and windows properly sealed?
-Is your air conditioning running properly?
-Does your A/C unit need a new filter?
-Does your car have enough fluids, especially oil and coolant?
-How old is your battery?
-Have flextime? Use your extra hours to take a daytrip with your family or a long weekend.
-When's the last day you spent time with your kids doing something special for them?
With a little planning, summer can be fun and worry-free. The point is to be prepared and spend time with your family creating memories that all involved will remember for years to come.
We have more ideas on how to plan your best summer. Just visit our Checklist for a Stress-Free Summer for more information.
What's one thing you're doing to make summer fun?


Fall is a busy time. School begins, social activities thrive, and you've probably got a lot of things you want to get done in the yard and in your house before the weather turns bad in Bossier City. While your to-do list may be long, there's something that people typically forget to add—and it's an action that Central Aire Heating & A/C Inc can help you with; scheduling a preventative furnace maintenance appointment.
The last thing you need is a furnace breakdown during the cold months. A preventative maintenance appointment can certify your home stays warm and cozy through the colder season ahead. During your appointment, the professionals at Central Aire Heating & A/C Inc will ensure your furnace is clean and that all its components are working appropriately. If we find any potential small issues, we'll tackle them before they become larger problems. Stopping a mid-winter breakdown can save you money and a lot of stress, but you'll get even more benefits from yearly preventative maintenance appointments.
Preventative maintenance keeps your furnace running at maximum efficiency. Your furnace can't run as efficiently as it could without ongoing maintenance. If you care for your furnace, it'll pay you back with warm, cozy days and potentially lower your energy bills.
Central Aire Heating & A/C Inc has your safety, comfort and budget in mind, so contact us today to schedule your proactive, preventative furnace repair appointment. Simply call us at 318-855-2326. We'll take care of your furnace for you so you can focus on your to-do list and spend time enjoying the fall.


(NewYork.CityRegions.Com, February 20, 2018 ) Toronto, Ontario -- Yellow diamonds, like other natural colored diamonds are rare. This rarity is due to low supply and high demand. "The shortage of this fancy natural colored stone makes it a desirable investment," says. Mr. David Metcalf of Premier Diamond Group, a firm that specializes in natural colored diamonds as a hedge against excessive market volatility.
What is a yellow diamond? To understand the yellow diamond, it is imperative to look at the Yellow Diamond Color Scale. The fancy Light Yellow and the Fancy Yellow lies on the left of the scale. The Intense Yellow is found in the middle while the Deep Yellow and Vivid Yellow are found on the far right of the scale. The Vivid Yellow are the most expensive and the most popular.
What makes these gemstones popular? Fancy vivid yellow diamonds rise in value over time and they are known to do well as an investment vehicle more than any other investment such as stocks or bonds. While investors can purchase based on their affordability, some fancy yellow diamonds have been valued at $100,000 per carat.
According to Gemological Institute of America (GIA), a 12.16 ct Fancy Vivid yellow was sold for $155,232 per carat In November 2010. A 43.36 ct Fancy Vivid yellow was sold for $2,654,802.70 ($71,871 per carat) in November 2011, while a 27.42 Fancy Intense yellow was sold for $76,470 per carat in December 2011. The Fancy Intense Yellow Diamonds, also known as the Canary Diamonds, are the most sought-after gemstones, because of their clear and pure yellow shade. Hence, an investment vehicle one should consider.
Like with any investment, it is the responsibility for the investor to seek expert advice or do some due diligence. The internet provides vast resources on natural colored yellow diamonds. However, Premier Diamond Group (North America) Ltd has a knowledge base and Mr. David Metcalfe for consultation. Mr. Metcalfe is "a pioneer in the branding of natural colored diamonds as a hedge against excessive market volatility brought about by speculation and government credit excesses." For more information, go http://premierdiamondltd.com/portfolio-protection/.
Premier Diamond Group specializes in the purchase and sale of natural colored diamonds for wealth accumulation and estate planning purposes and holds membership in the International Colored Gemstone Association and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. For more information, go to http://premierdiamondltd.com/.
Premier Diamond Group (North America) Ltd.
This news release is based on information available to the public. The information and any statistical data contained herein has been obtained from sources we believe reliable, but we do not represent that they are accurate or complete and should not be relied upon as such. The material contained herein is for information purposes only.


text:
Punnett Square
A diagram for predicting the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of known genetic makeup.
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
An organism's genetic makeup
Dihybrid
A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being followed (or the self-pollination of a plant that is heterozygous for both characters).
Law of independent assortment
A general rule in inheritance (originally formulated by Gregor Mendel) that when gametes form during meiosis, each pair of alleles for a particular characteristic segregate independently of other pairs; also known as Mendel's second law of inheritance.
Testcross
a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait so the unknown genotype can be determined from that of the offspring
Rule of multiplication
A rule stating that the probability of a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities of the independent events.
Rule of addition
A rule stating that the probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities of the different ways.
Wild-type-traits
The version of a character that most commonly occurs in nature.
a neurological disorder characterized by various motor symptoms affecting 1 in 10,000 in the US. Associated with gradual and extensive brain damage in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and cerebral cortex
An individual who is heterozygous for a recessively inherited disorder and who therefore does not show symptoms of that disorder but who may pass on the recessive allele to offspring.
A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
Chorionic villus sampling
A technique for diagnosing genetic defects while the fetus is in an early development stage within the uterus. A small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed and analyzed.
A technique for examining a fetus in the uterus. High-frequency sound waves echoing off the fetus are used to produce an image of the fetus.
Complete dominance
A type of inheritance in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
Incomplete dominance
A type of inheritance in which two contrasting alleles contribute to the individual a trait not exactly like either parent; blending inheritance.
ABO blood group
Genetically determined classes of human blood that are based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO blood group phenotypes, also called blood types, are A, B, AB, and O.
Codominant
Inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct trait of both alleles.
The control of more than one phenotypic characteristic by a single gene.
Sickle-cell disease
Genetic disorder in which red blood cells have abnormal hemoglobin molecules and take on an abnormal shape.
Polygenic inheritance
The addictive effects of the two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
Chromosome theory of inheritance
A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
Linked genes
Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.
Recombination frequency
With respect to two given genes, the number of recombinant progeny from a mating divided by the total number of progeny. Recombinant progeny carry combinations of alleles different from those in either of the parents as a result of crossing over during meiosis.
Sex chromosomes
A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female.
Sex-linked gene
A gene located on a sex chromosome. In humans, the vast majority of sex-linked genes are located on the X chromosome.
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text:
Cercidiphyllum japonicum, , es una especie perteneciente a la familia Cercidiphyllaceae.

Hábitat
Son oriundas de Asia oriental, de Japón (Honshu y Hokkaidō) y de China (Shanxi sudoeste cerca de Sichuan y de Zhejiang).

Katsura es el nombre japonés para el árbol y otras especies del género. El nombre científico Cercidiphyllum se refiere a la estrecha semejanza de las hojas a las de Cercis; estos dos géneros no están relacionados y pueden distinguirse fácilmente, entre otros aspectos, porque mientras que los Cercis tienen sus hojas alternas, Cercidiphyllum las tiene opuestas.

Descripción
Cercidiphyllum japonicum, pueden alcanzar 45 metros de altura en el medio silvestre, pero en general son más pequeños en el cultivo. Tiene la corteza áspera, surcada. Las hojas son más pequeñas, no más de 4,5 cm de largo y 3,2 cm de ancho. Semillas aladas sólo en extremo inferior. Las plantas de China se encontraron en un tiempo separadas como C. japonicum var. sinense  , pero no hay diferencias entre el japonés y el chino.

Cultivo
Katsura se cultiva como un árbol ornamental por sus hojas en forma de delicado corazón que en otoño tiene un brillante color, una mezcla de color amarillo brillante, rosado y naranja-rojo.  Cuando las condiciones son adecuadas, es de rápido crecimiento, pero es muy sensible a la sequía y necesita el suelo permanentemente húmedo. En condiciones de sequía, la especie se desprende de sus hojas, sin embargo su renacimiento puede producirse una vez que el agua esté nuevamente disponible. De particular interés es el olor producido por las hojas en el otoño, se asemeja al azúcar moreno quemado o al algodón dulce.

Referencias

Cercidiphyllaceae
Plantas ornamentales
Árboles de clima templado marítimo


text:
Obama addresses end of Iraq combat
President Barack Obama, photographed from the Rose Garden, delivers a primetime televised address marking the the end of combat mission in Iraq from the Oval Office of the White House in Washington Tuesday. AP Photo
By Ben Feller |
PUBLISHED: August 31, 2010 at 6:02 a.m. | UPDATED: July 22, 2021 at 12:51 p.m.
WASHINGTON — Fiercely opposed to the war from the start, President Barack Obama formally ended the U.S. combat role in Iraq after seven long years of bloodshed, declaring firmly Tuesday night: "It is time to turn the page." Claiming no victory, he said the nation's most urgent priority now must be fixing its own sickly economy. From the Oval Office, where George W. Bush first announced the invasion that would come to define his presidency, Obama addressed millions who were divided over the war in his country and around the world. He said the United States "has paid a huge price" to give Iraqis the chance to shape their future — a price that now includes more than 4,400 dead, tens of thousands of troops wounded and hundreds of billions of dollars spent since March 2003. In a telling sign of the domestic troubles weighing on the United States and his own presidency, Obama turned much of the emphasis in a major war address to the dire state of U.S. joblessness. In his remarks of slightly less than 20 minutes, only his second address from the Oval Office, Obama looked directly into the TV camera, hands clasped in front of him on his desk, family photos and the U.S. and presidential flags behind him. Even as he turns control of the war over to the Iraqis — and trying to cap one of the most divisive chapters in recent American history — Obama is escalating the conflict in Afghanistan. He pledged anew that the United States would keep up the fight in that war, the longest since Vietnam. And in Iraq, for all the finality of Obama's remarks, the war is not over. More Americans are likely to die. The country is plagued by violence and political instability, and Iraqis struggle with constant shortages of electricity and water. Obama is keeping up to 50,000 troops in Iraq for support and counterterrorism training, and the last forces are not due to leave until the end of 2011 at the latest. As the commander in chief over a war he opposed, Obama took pains to thank troops for their sacrifice but made clear he saw the day as more the marking of a mistake ended than a mission accomplished. He spoke of strained relations with allies, anger at home and the heaviest of wartime tolls. "We have met our responsibility," Obama said. "Now it is time to turn the page." To underscore his point, Obama said he had telephoned called Bush, whom he had taunted so often in the 2008 campaign, and he prominently praised the former Republican president in the heart of his speech. "It's well known that he and I disagreed about the war from its outset," Obama said. "Yet no one could doubt President Bush's support for our troops, or his love of country and commitment to our security." In a post-Sept. 11, 2001, world, the Iraq war began with bipartisan congressional backing — based on what turned out to be flawed intelligence — over what Bush called a "grave danger" to the world posed by Saddam Hussein. Now, Iraq is in political turmoil, its leaders unable to form a new government long after March elections that left no clear winner. The uncertainty has left an opening for insurgents to pound Iraqi security forces, hardly the conditions the U.S. envisioned for this transition deadline, which Obama announced 18 months ago. Obama pressed Iraq's leaders anew, saying it was time to show urgency and be accountable. Obama sought both to assure his own nation that the war was finally winding down and yet also promise Iraq and those watching across the Middle East that the U.S. was not simply walking away. "Our combat mission is ending," he said, "but our commitment to Iraq's future is not."
Ben Feller


text:
Richard King Joins the Pro Sound Effects Library, Launches Master Class
Watch Film Sound Design Master Class from the Academy Award®-winner.
Music Marcom, LLC.
BROOKLYN, NY (JULY 11, 2019): Pro Sound Effects®, the next level sound effects company, today announced their collaboration with four-time Academy Award®-winning sound designer, Richard King (Dunkirk, Inception), to develop exclusive sound effects libraries.
For the first time ever, the soon-to-be-released King Collection will allow sound artists to use sound effects curated from King's private library in their own projects.
With four Academy Award® wins for Best Sound Editing over the last 15 years – Dunkirk (2018), Inception (2011), The Dark Knight (2009), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2004) – Richard King is among the most renowned sound designers and supervising sound editors in the industry today. His sound library has been steadily and masterfully built throughout his feature film sound career and continues to serve his craft as an invaluable tool.
"Richard and PSE share a commitment to delivering world-class quality," said Douglas Price, Founder & President of Pro Sound Effects. "We're excited to share these vibrant recordings and inspiring sonic resources with the sound community to enrich storytelling on any project."
FILM SOUND DESIGN MASTER CLASS
To launch their partnership, Pro Sound Effects and Richard King have teamed up to release a free Film Sound Design Master Class. In the 17-minute video, King offers a candid discussion on his approach to sound design, workflow advice for new sound artists and more.
Sign up here to watch the full Master Class video now
Multiple sound libraries from the King Collection will be released throughout 2019 and beyond.
Sound DesignerAudio PostSound Design
Sound Effects Libraries
By Gary Eskow
Pro Sound Effects Releases Tokyo Ambisonics Library
By Jennifer Walden
Sound Editor Richard King Opens New Room
Broadway Lighting and Sound Master Classes Announced
Sound Effects for 'King Kong, the Game'
By By Blair Jackson
Supervising Sound Editor Richard King to Receive MPSE Career Achievement Award
WHAT'S NEW IN SOUND EFFECTS LIBRARIES
By David John Farinella


text:
class AddHoldSoftkeyFunction < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    softkey_function = SoftkeyFunction.find_or_create_by_name('hold')
    gui_function = GuiFunction.find_or_create_by_name("softkey_function_#{softkey_function.name.downcase}_field_in_softkey_form",
                                                      :category => 'Softkey edit view',
                                                      :description => "Show the softkey function '#{softkey_function.name}' in the softkey form.")
  end

  def down
    softkey_function = SoftkeyFunction.find_by_name('hold')
    softkey_function.destroy
    GuiFunction.find_by_name("softkey_function_#{softkey_function.name.downcase}_field_in_softkey_form").destroy
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After humming and hahhing about how to write this post, I have examined my belief that an empowered and confident dad brings value to the birth process. After all, birth is women's business. Here are five reasons why I believe a man needs to involve himself with the birth of his child.
1. A study done by University of Missouri researchers found that Men who are engaged with childbirth education and birth process have better health outcomes for mama and baby.
2. In the hospital setting, hospitals are legally bound to listen to the requests of their birthing clients. A composed and compelling dad can advocate for the birth plan and make the difference between a failed breastfeeding attempt and the establishment of a satisfactory breastfeeding relationship.
3. Many women report how much they gained from having their birth partner present through the birth time even if it looked like he didn't do much else than sitting or standing. The constant emotional support can be strongly felt and much appreciated when the dad is confident and composed.
4. Dads who are engaged in the birth process set the stage for strong family bonds.
5. Dads who are positively engaged in the birth process experience higher relationship satisfaction.
If you agree with men being involved in the birth process, what benefits do you see or have seen in your life?
7 Responses to "5 Reasons Why Daddy is so Important During Birth"
One of the benefit is a new level of intimacy between the couple. A deep sense of bonding that the newborn is able to feel. Just wonderful!
When I see the Dads fully engaged in the birthing process, hanging their egos up at the door and going forward when she needs him, stepping back when she doesn't… it makes my heart smile.
While I agree that a supportive dad can be an unbelievable asset for a birthing woman, I will not agree that every dad should be there. During the 60's and 70's, the birth movement was pushing strongly to allow men into the birthing women as support for their wives. The pendulum has started to swing the other way – Dr. Marsden Wagner, a huge proponant of natural birth has specifically published articles why he thinks (most) men do NOT belong in the delivery room, b/c when the man "folds" and sees his wife in pain, he and the OB sometimes "gang up" on the birthing woman to accept interventions. "Dr., my wife is in pain, DO SOMETHING!" becomes the the standard approach, while doing nothing is often much better for the woman than intervening in the natural process.
Of course, classes like the Bradley Method and other active birthing classes that view the husband or partner as a vital role to the success of a natural birth also gives the tools to men to empower themselves and properly support and advocate for their wives during birth. Such classes are not as well-known and men aren't typically taught this approach.
That being said, I had an amazing, supportive DH who kept me supported and calm during both my non-interventionist hospital birth and then my 2nd birth, which was at home.
"Confident" and "composed", ah, yes. Not a state many men can reach at that time!
Many men are confident and composed much of the time. Men, like women, who learn the how and why behind different physiological stages and emotions in labor AND how to support their partners –most likely from classes, now that families are geographically separated and very few people have a chance to view normal births– are valiant and proud participants in the process. The bonding that occurs between man and woman–not to mention the bond among mother, father and baby– is one of the strongest forces in the world. I could not have given birth to my first of two children without the loving, consistent, constant support of my husband, and our relationship has soared to new heights–I have true awe for him and for all of the husbands I've seen supporting their wives in labor. Men are valiant and amazing!
Dad's being involved in the birth process should be a "no brainer". I loved having my Husband with me the whole time while I gave birth to my son, and he loved being there. He wouldn't have wanted to be anywhere else. I gave birth 20 years ago, at a birthing center. Started out as a water birth, but the water was too soothing and I actually didn't have any pain through out the whole experience. It was a great experience for us BOTH. I wound up delivering on a bed leaning against my Husband as he supported me from behind. It was amazing! Plus he was always so involved in every aspect of caring for our son from the first minutes on. I love the message you are putting out there. I look forward to more.


Mans Ruin Cue Weight: 21 Oz.
ADV75 21.0 Weight: 21 Oz. Features: -Pool cue. -Forearm: Cream stained Hard rock maple with playing cards, dice, poker, martini girl and 8-ball overlaid design. -Ferrule: Fiber ferrule. -Joint: Flat faced wood-to-wood. -Pin: Stainless steel 0.31'' x 18''. -Bumper: Black rubber with logo. Style: -Snooker. Product Design: -One Piece. Play Level: -Beginner. Wrap: -Irish Linen. Weight: -18Oz/19Oz/20Oz/21Oz. Generic Specifications: -Tip: 7 layered vacuum sealed proprietary boar skin tip. Dimensions: -Shaft: 29'' Hard rock maple, 10 - 12'' pro taper with a brass insert. Tip Diameter: -13 Millimeters. Ferrule: -1". Overall Product Weight: -1.45 lbs.
Official Monster's Ruin XL enamel pin, designed exclusively by Miss Fluff for Kreepsville, with glitter highlights, size approx 3 in high ( 7.5cm), with 2 rubber clutch fastenings.
Stay Warm While Moving Around Crafted from Strong Zinc Alloy Steel Thin Pin That Does Not Ruin Blankets Extremely Versatile (from the couch to camping) Great Gift For People Who Love History & Fantasy Please note that if the blanket you are using has a very fine stitch, this pin may leave a small hole. Please use with caution around children.
18pcs Strong Magnetic Push Pins,Silver Brushed Nickel Push Pin Magnets are perfect for Refrigerator Magnets,Magnetic Hooks,Office Magnets,Kitchen Magnets,Whiteboard Magnets,Map Magnets,Calendar, Dry erase magnet,magnetic thumb tacks and other magnetic surfaces,but don't work on the glass whiteboard. 【Product specification】 Material:Neodymium+Metal Magnetic grade: N48 Weight:0.24 oz for each magnet Magnet size:0.6 x 0.48 x 0.48 inches for each magnet Color:Silver Quantity:Set of 18 【You must know】 These magnets can not stick to non-metal materials such as wood, glass, plastic, textile, concrete, etc. However, many non-metal surfaces may have metallic properties, so these magnets will stick on them.Not for Magnetic Glass Boards 【DISCLAIMER】 In accordance with Amazon strong magnet policy, these magnets are not strong magnets because the exposed portion of these magnets all have a north polarity, which allows the magnets to adhere strongly to metal but have a weak connection to each other (flux between magnets is less than 50 kG2mm2). 【Worry-Free Warranty】 we believe in our products.That's why we back them all with an 12-month warranty,30-day Free Return or Refund and provide 24/7 hours customer service.


You found your tribe! Now it is time to have fun collectively—virtually and in-person. Join the #AdminWeek Festivities! Kelly, thanks! That's nice that you'll have some ideas for babysitter items. Thanks for sharing my kids's tales hub! Way back in high school I tended to hang around with people who is perhaps considered geeks now. I am personally not very tech minded. My older brother who was an engineer, musician and artist (only the engineering paid him cash) in all probability falls into that class.Attention-grabbing hub.
Nice tips on gadgets. I particularly like the USB Flash Drive Wrist Band. It is precisely the thing I have been on the lookout for for my granddaughter. Very fascinating and very useful. Additionally, the gadgets made it simpler for an attacker to take over the administrative rights, if the administrator is logged into his system. Ever needed to quickly remove your gloves to answer a call? Properly, chilly fingers might be fairly clumsy so sporting Agloves saves the day. They work together with Touchscreens similar to bare fingers do.
Pascale stated this item isn't really for her, however she will be able to see a lot of people liking it. So immediately, I thought I might take a break from recipes and pop in to share a few deets with you! I am keen on the outdated retro telephone phones with the big finger dials. They were so much enjoyable to make use of, regardless that they took longer than simply velocity dialing or tapping out a quantity in your smartphone or cell. They actually have one in all these in our native museum.
Spider-man, Superman, Batman, X-Males, Iron Man are among the many hottest tremendous heroes. Anybody who has tried to get pregnant is aware of there's a small window of alternative… after which you must wait for an additional month. Within the following excerpt, Alan Moore rolls out the history of mass media and their characteristics, their evolution and how they changed and worked with one another.
It is important to know execs and cons of utilizing gadgets in the classroom. They may also help, however, as you point out, also distract folks. Great Hub! Being a teacher, I may achieve so much data from this hub! Congratulations! Voted Up, Helpful and fascinating! You found your tribe! Now it is time to have fun collectively—nearly and in-particular person. Be a part of the #AdminWeek Festivities!


Our Hope for this day and every day is wellness – that you are well physically, mentally, spiritually, every-ally!
Sooo we're coming at ya with a wellness PSA. You already know we are servants, called to honor God by serving you. Our mission is to equip and empower you to live with passion and purpose every single day. Passion and purpose are hard to come by if you're worn-out, if you're soul-weary, mind-weary or body-weary. It's time to remind you, Pure Grace is a Wellness company – Health and Wellness in all areas of your life through the prism of Christ!
WUT? Yep, it's true. God wants us well, in our relationships, our physical being, our mind, our finances, all of it.
Life on Purpose looks like the pursuit of wellness Body.Mind.Soul to honor and serve God. Healthy bodies please God – he can use us as literal hands and feet. Healthy minds please God – we can be examples of gratitude of when set our minds and keep them set. Healthy souls (aka scandalous faith) please God – He can use us for any and every mission. Check out these scriptures – health, wellness and peace. Why peace? Because when peace does not reign, stress, strife, anxiety and hopelessness do.
So what's the 1,2,3 and 4?
1. Wellness, health and Jesus are what Pure Grace is all about.
2. We are here to serve YOU – to help you be well Body.Mind.Soul.
3. Trust.Seek.Pray.Decide.Act.Hope and be well.
4. Let us know how we can help you embrace wellness, Life on Purpose and your best life!


It was hard to hold a conversation in downtown Anchorage Saturday morning, as the crowd cheered and roared for the start of the 2018 Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
But as loud as it was at the start of the race, there was a moment of silence.
A group of activists with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals held a funeral for five dogs that died during last year's Iditarod. One of them died of suspected overheating in a plane, while being transported from a checkpoint -- an incident that prompted Iditarod officials to change race policies.
"These dogs are being treated like machines and they are literally being run to death, "said Tricia LebKuecher, a PETA campaigner who staged the protest. "Eighty-one percent of the dogs who do manage to finish the race suffer lung damage. Their feet become bruised and bloodied, cut by ice. Many suffer stress fractures. They pull muscles, they develop pneumonia; many become sick with intestinal parasites or bleeding stomach ulcers."
The dog funeral was the first of its kind staged by PETA at Iditarod. LebKuecher cited a doping scandal involving Dallas Seavey's dogs, in which the four-time Iditarod champion has chosen to run the Finnmarkslopet sled dog race in Norway rather than this year's Iditarod, as further reason for Saturday's protest.
"With Iditarod royalty Dallas Seavey implicated in a dog doping scandal, whistleblowers coming forward with numerous, horrific allegations of abuse and five dogs dead in the course of one week last year, it's never been more important to speak out against this cruelty," LebKuecher said.
Canadian filmmaker Fern Levitt attended the protest. Levitt claims to have exposed animal abuse in her documentary "Sled Dogs," which was screened in Anchorage Saturday afternoon.
"If they knew the way the dogs are really treated, and what really goes on behind the kennels, and what happens during the race, which we expose in the film, I don't think people would be here," Levitt says. "One hundred and fifty dogs that we know of have died racing the Iditarod -- and for what, for a race? Is this what we do to our very best friends?"
Chas St. George, chief operating officer of the Iditarod Trail Committee, called Saturday's protest "inappropriate."
"I was at least glad to see that peaceful protest was conducted and that there were no problems during that time," St. George said, noting that the committee has enacted changes since the death of the five dogs last year.
"That's a huge number for us, and that's not acceptable. We have to do better. We changed our protocols immediately after the flight that took place in order to make sure that did not happen again," St. George said.


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New NBA 2K18 Social Space To Change Up Multiplayer
Kylah G
This year, the NBA 2K18 multiplayer mode is getting a huge overhaul. In NBA 2K18, a new social space called Neighborhoods is being added. In the new Neighborhoods mode, players will be able to customize their own player, interact with others, and take part in a variety of different activities, some of which are related to basketball, while some aren't...
Categories: Game Reviews Gamer News Xbox One Game PS4 Game new game News PC Game Gaming 2K Games Previews new content Expansion
Tags: multiplayer Xbox One Game pc game 2k games nintendo switch game NBA 2k18 Neighborhood mode social space
Rainbow Six Siege Blood Orchid 3.0 Patch Notes Released
Operation Health has finally ended and Siege players are now going to get access to new content and changes as part of the Blood Orchid 3.0 patch. The entire expansion will be made available for free to all players - this means that everybody can play the new maps and new operators included in the operation. However, despite the content...
Categories: Game Reviews Gamer News Game Characters DLC Xbox One Game PS4 Game Update First Person Shooter Ubisoft Rainbow Six Siege Patch new content free access exclusive content Expansion
Tags: DLC free dlc update PS4 Game new content ubisoft Xbox One Game patch Rainbow Six Siege Operation Blood Orchid
New Game Fortnite Now Available In Early Access
Fortnite is a brand new IP by Epic Games and it has finally arrived on Xbox One, PC, and PS4. Fortnite has been in the eyes of the media for a good few years now, and it's been in development for even longer than that. Today, Fortnite has finally made it to early access and can be picked up on...
Categories: Gamer News Xbox One Game PS4 Game new game PC Game Special Editions Early Access Epic Games Fortnite
Tags: PS4 Game Xbox One Game pc game epic games Early Access Fortnite Unreal
Project Cars 2 to Have 180 Cars and 60 Tracks
Project Cars 2 is going to make its way to Xbox One, PS4, and PC on September 22. As the release has gotten closer, we have had the chance to learn more about the cars and tracks that'll be featured in the game. It's now been confirmed that on launch day, Project Cars will have a total of 180 different...
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Superhot Coming to PS4 and PSVR
It's now been confirmed that Superhot for the PS4 and for PSVR are coming this month. The game will launch on July 21 in North America, and shortly before in other regions. Superhot is a first person shooter video game that has a unique time-based game mechanic. In Superhot, time in the game only progresses when the player moves. This...
Categories: Gamer News Xbox One Game PlayStation 4 PS4 Game Game PC Game Sony First Person Shooter HTC VR
Tags: PS4 Xbox One Game pc game PlayStation 4. PSVR Superhot Superhot VR
Tekken 7 Will Get Tekken Bowl Mode DLC
Tekken Bowl has been a returning mini game in the Tekken franchise ever since it made an appearance in Tekken Tag Tournament. It has now been confirmed to be making a return as a DLC for Tekken 7. The new DLC for Tekken 7 will be called Ultimate Tekken Bowl, and it'll feature the same game mechanics that were featured...
Categories: DLC Xbox One Game PS4 Game PC Game Unreal Engine 4 Bandai Namco Tekken 7 Previews Patch new content exclusive content
Tags: DLC PS4 Game Game Mode Xbox One Game pc game Tekken 7 Tekken Tekken Bowl
Dead by Daylight Released to Consoles
Perhaps after seeing the success of the Friday the 13th game, the Dead By Daylight developers have now pushed out their release for their game across PS4 and Xbox One. The new Dead By Daylight console launch is available exclusively as a digital download from either the Xbox Games Store or the PSN marketplace. The new console version has a...
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PS4 Destiny 2 Exclusives Will Come to Xbox in 2018
For those that don't know, the PlayStation 4 will be getting a number of timed exclusive items for Destiny 2. It's now been revealed that these exclusive items will only be limited to the PS4 for a year, before being released to both the Xbox One and the PC. Destiny 2's game director, Luke Smith, replied to a Tweet on...
Categories: Xbox One Game PS4 Exclusive PS4 Game new game News PC Game New shooter Activision exclusive content PlayStation Exclusive Destiny 2
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Elder Scrolls Online Gets New Housing Patch
A previously PC-exclusive update for Elder Scrolls Online has finally made it's way to the Xbox One and the PS4. The update in question adds housing to the world of ESO for the first time since the game's release. The new free update is called Homestead and with it, players will be able to purchase their very own home to...
Categories: DLC Xbox One Game PS4 Game Elder Scrolls Online PC Game Patch Bethesda Softworks Demo Early Access new content free access exclusive content Expansion Free
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No Halo Wars 2 Competitive Ranking Yet
Halo Wars 2 is now available for Xbox One and Windows 10, across most regions. So far, critics have taken a liking to the real-time strategy game sequel, but the game isn't quite complete. If you were a diehard Halo Wars fan, you'll know that a big part of the multiplayer aspect focused on the leaderboards and ranking system. Thousands...
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Tags: Xbox Exclusive Xbox One Game competitive play Halo Wars 2 Ranking strategy game Windows 10
PlayStation 5 News Begins to Leak
Nintendo Play Station Will Be Sold Next Year
Biggest Game Disappointments of 2019
Sony to Launch Back Paddle Adapter
The Best Games of 2019
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w_m_oneal
Fingerseeing Now
the writings of William Markly O'Neal
Account Created on 23 November 2007 (#14307950) Last updated on 14 July 2015 Gift
Anderson, Indiana, United States
w_m_oneal@livejournal.com
Southwood High School - Wabash, IN (1900 - 1979)
I am a writer of horror stories, dark comedies, twisted poetry, and two (as yet) unpublished horror novels.
My first published story appears in issue of Weird Tales magazine, issue #346. That story, entitled Bob Bodey's Body Parts, was also selected by Wildside Press to appear in the Prime Book paperback entitled Weird Tales: the 21st Century, Volume One (and is currently available through both Amazon.com and www.weirdtalesmagazine.com)
Additionally, Weird Tales will publish a speculative poem of mine, entitled Scream Day, in a future issue.
My dark comedy-- The Rejection Letter That Destroys the World-- was recently purchased by Ace Masters, publisher of Written Word Online Magazine and will appear there next summer. I'm currently working with a magnificent editor, Barb Caffrey, on tweaking that story.
Meanwhile, I continue to write and market a host of other stories, everything from A Demonic Love Story to a series of stories which, together, comprise tales of Vampire Evolution.
Virtually everything I've authored-- including both Bob Bodey's Body Parts and The Rejection Letter That Destroys the World-- is written in present tense.
My ultimate goal is to be a published horror novelist.
batman, elton john, stanley kubrick, stephen king, the daily show


text:
10 years of DWIH São Paulo activities
The German Centre for Research and Innovation (DWIH) São Paulo completes in 2022 ten years of activity in Brazil-Germany bilateral relations. See the main objectives and activities developed by the Centre in this decade.
© Digital Vision/Getty Images
Science and innovation offer significant solutions to the social consequences of the corona crisis. Find out more about the DWIH focus topic 2021.
© Kiyoshi Hijiki_Getty Images
Climate change and sustainable development of cities: how can big metropolises find solutions for growth without affecting the natural and urban ecosystem? Germany and Brazil are uniting their forces in order to find answers to this question.
© Felipe Mairowski
The DWIH São Paulo, through its supporters, acts as a showcase for an overview of German higher education and science in Brazil. Furthermore, in conjunction with an even larger network, which takes in its associate supporters, they pursue common synergies and solutions in the interest of both countries.
The DWIH São Paulo is a showcase of access to Germany's science and innovation, providing the primary opportunities for research and study in the country, including study scholarships, career planning, and opportunities for cooperation.
© Bernard Hermant/Unsplash
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text:
FreeCAD: Structured CAD
Leave a comment on FreeCAD: Structured CAD
CAD, FreeCAD, OpenSource
The Structured Programming approach to CAD
I want my CAD software to remember how my model is constructed. If a shape is repeated in three places, I want to be able to modify that shape in one place and have the change propagated to all three places at once. If a face is rectangular, I want to know that its edges will remain parallel when I adjust its width. If each shelf in my boot rack is 18 mm thick, I want its thickness to stay at 18 mm and not reduce by 10% when I decrease the overall height of the rack from 1000 to 900 mm.
I don't want my CAD software to remember only the final, external shape, as if it is the solid block of plastic that was printed by a 3D printer, and to allow me to alter it only by cutting a bit off or adding a bit on to that external shape one face at a time, like a sculptor using a chisel (and glue).
For me the ability to use structured design techniques, somewhat analogous to the structured programming methodology, is a key requirement for computer-aided design.
Compound Objects
We must be able to group objects together and treat the group as a single object for many purposes.
Constructive Solid Geometry operations such as union (called "fusion" in FreeCAD) and difference ("cut") make a more complex solid shape from two or more simpler solid shapes.
A compound object is more than just a union of shapes. For one thing, it needs to allow shapes with different properties, such as a steel nut with a plastic insert (a "Nyloc" nut).
I need to look more closely at DeepSOIC's Non-PartDesign Body container proposal which looks like it is on the right track for this.
I want to design a shape and then insert more than one copy of it. Each wooden shelf of my boot rack is made of three or five parallel strips, which I model as cuboids initially. Later I decide to smooth their upper edges. To do this, I want all the strips to be based on a single template, and I want to modify that template so that the upper two corners are rounded. I don't want to have to manually select each of the 52 individual edges in turn in order to apply a 4 mm radius.
Basic repetition like this requires the ability to clone a compound object. FreeCAD has the "Part Clone" operation which does this. However, a complication arises when I later modify the original. Many modifications, e.g. "fillet", are done by wrapping the object with a transformed version of itself. The clones remain clones of the original object and so don't reflect that modification. One existing way to overcome this is to wrap the object in a container such as "PartDesign Body" (though it has restrictions) and clone the container; then the fillet can be made inside the container and so is reflected by the clones. Another possible design could be that the "Fillet" tool offers to update the clones to point to the new Fillet object instead of the original if the user so chooses.
We need to think clearly about the notion of "the original". If my table has four legs, I might designate one as the original and the other three as clones. Then if I want to modify them all in the same way I need to easily find the original, and make changes to it in such a way that the changes are reflected in the clones. Alternatively I could make an abstract (hidden) original, and make four clones of that. The abstract, hidden "original" might then be called a template. If I want to make a unique modification on each leg, this approach might be easier to work with, because the difference between the template and the first leg is completely clear, and I can easily choose whether I'm making a change to the template or to a particular instance.
One aspect to using clones is the importance of a local coordinate system that is used in the definition of the original object, since the cloned instances will be placed at different positions within the global coordinate system.
Going beyond manually placed clones, it is useful to be able to place a regular array or grid or lattice of clones. FreeCAD provides a simple and very limited array operation.
I am pleased to see that DeepSOIC has been working on a Lattice Workbench for FreeCAD. This looks like it is done the Right Way, a vast improvement over the simple array operation.
We could say that using lattices is somewhat analogous to looping in a sequential programming language: for x in 0, 1, 2, 3: for z in 0, 1, 2: shelf(x * 900, y=0, z * 450 + 100);
Parametric Templates
Notice how a CAD program will usually assume that several simple shapes such as a cuboid and a cylinder are fundamental building blocks, and provide parametric templates for them. That is to say, if I use the provided cuboid tool instead of building one out of six separate faces, then FreeCAD will ensure all the angles remain right angles while allowing me to adjust the length and width and height.
That is all very well but the same principle must also be available for more complex shapes. The width of some strips of my shelves is different from others, so I want the template to be parametric. In this case:
a roughly cuboidal shape
18 mm thick
variable width and length
two of the edges are rounded to a 4 mm radius
And then I want to place one instance at x=0, y=0 with length=900, width=46; and another instance at x=0, y=60 with length=900, width=80; and so on.
The width and length are parameters to be specified on each instantiation (in addition to the placement): that is what makes this a parametric template.
So I need my CAD software to let me define parametric templates for all the shapes I want to use. That is analogous to writing a function in structured programming, and calling the function several times with different parameters.
Is there a different professional terminology for what I'm calling "parametric templates" here?
Part Library
A Part Library facility will make it easy to manage templates: to organize and refer to the templates within one model, and to import parts into the model from a shared library of parts, and to create such a library.
There is a project called FreeCAD-library. It provides some shapes that may be copied. They are not "parametric templates" in the sense above — for example. There are no associated software enhancements to help with using them.
It must be easy to redefine the way the model is built while preserving the same result.
By refactoring, I mean the ability to replace one definition of an object (or any kind of data in the model) with another definition that produces the same or a similar result. If any other node in the model depended on the node that implemented the old definition, it shall henceforth depend instead on the new one.
exchange the order of commutative transforms: e.g. change an array of unions to a union of arrays
move/rotate/scale a local coordinate system: apply the opposite transformation to the placement of each instance so there is no net change
a template specifies the material "wood"; change the template to not specify a material, and change all instances that didn't override it to specify material "wood"
replace a stored transform with its current result (additional possibilities: freeze its result & inactivate but remember the transform; freeze the result & ensure the transform continues to give that result)
replace a 2D object with a sketch of itself, or vice versa
break any predefined object into its primitive parts along with the relevant constraints
replace constraints with equivalent ones: e.g. length & two angle constraints with two length constraints and one angle, defining a triangle
For any refactoring, the opposite refactoring should be available too, to the greatest extent possible.
Extrusion: 2D Sketches and 1D Profiles
Making a 2D sketch and extruding it along the third dimension is a powerful and convenient way of designing 3D shapes. In FreeCAD the Sketcher provides parametric or "constraint-based" 2D drawing that can be used as the basis for extrusion, as an alternative to using a normal 2D shape. (Indeed, the documentation suggests the Sketcher was only intended to be used for this purpose.)
Extruding a 2D face in FreeCAD makes a single solid of uniform thickness. I want a more general extrusion in which the 1D thickness profile is analogous to the 2D profile. I want to extrude my sketch not just in a single homogeneous span but in several segments (example: z=0 to 6 mm; gap; z=12 to 18 mm) to create several solid layers with or without gaps between them.
I want to store a 2D sketch as a template and use it in multiple places with different 1D extrusion profiles. I want to store a 1D extrusion profile as a template and use it in multiple places with different 2D sketches. An extrusion profile can thus serve as a specification for a composite sheet material.
A 1D profile should be able to be parametric (constraint-based), just as a 2D sketch can.
I want to be able to attach properties such as material and colour to the faces in my 2D sketch, and also to the segments in my 1D profile (z=0 to 6 material=plywood; gap; z=12 to 18 material unspecified).
Property specifications should be defaultable ("if not already specified then this") and overrideable, so that I can choose to specify the material either in the 1D extrusion or in the 2D sketch or by a more complex combination of both.
2D sketch — specifies 2D faces
1D profile — specifies 1D segments
both can be parametric (constraint-based)
both can be multi-segment
Stored vs. Immediate Transforms
Mirroring, rotation, array — these are parametric ways of defining one part of the model in terms of a transformation of another part.
When a transformation is stored as a transform operator node in the model, then the parameters defining the transform (axis for mirroring, centre and angle(s) for rotation, etc.) can be changed later and the resulting object will be recalculated, or the base object can be changed later and the resulting object will be recalculated to reflect that base object. I will call this way of modelling the stored parametric transform.
The other possibility when applying a transform operator is to store only the resulting object and not the transform that was used. I'll call that the immediate way of applying a transform.
Both behaviours are useful and both should be available for every kind of transform. The most likely wanted behaviour may well vary depending on the operator and other factors, but what we don't want is an arbitrary mixture of behaviours, some operators creating a stored transform and others applying their effect immediately.
In FreeCAD today there does seem to be an arbitrary mixture.
In my ideal CAD program there would be a UI to change any operation from parametric to empirical, by removing the transform operator from the model and placing the result instead. This is somewhat analogous to removing a constraint: afterwards, modifying the base object will no longer affect the object created by the transform.
A more advanced UI should also provide ways to convert from empirical to parametric. This is tricky: if B is supposed to be a transformed version of A, then does B in fact differ from A only in respect of one simple transform? Should the UI try to guess the transform or must the user specify it? What if B differs arbitrarily from A? How do we even compare the objects objectively (given they may look the same but be constructed differently, for instance)?
Uniform Hierarchical Modelling
We need to be able to build any further geometry on any calculated geometry. For example, after extruding a flat face to produce a polyhedron, it must then be possible to use any face of that calculated polyhedron as the base for a further extrusion. To achieve this, every calculated result should be presented in the model as standard geometry and not only as a special kind of object whose result doesn't act like standard geometry.
standard objects are composed of standard geometry
when I use the built in Rectangle tool, I can select two of its edges and build further geometry on them
transform result is standard geometry
when the result of a transform operator is a rectangle, I can select two of its edges and build further geometry on them
sketch result is standard geometry plus constraints
I can build further on two lines of a sketch
It should always be possible to:
transform an object in place: that is, replace it with a transformed version of itself, either a stored transform or an immediately applied transform
replace an object with a transformed version of another (especially interesting when the result is similar to the old object)
FreeCAD needs…
Open-source Scanning


Quebec is considering new costs that would ban online gambling sites that are not run by the Canadian province's government.
According to the Toronto Star nationwide newspaper, Bill no. 74 would require all internet service providers to stop customers in Quebec from accessing the sites.
The newspaper stated that should the costs entered into law, it would most likely face an obstacle under federal interactions law, while the report also kept in mind that the costs comes at a time when government-run Loto-Quebec is losing ground to non-government sites.
The bill states: To monitor no deposit slots gambling, the Consumer Protection Act is modified to need Internet service providers to block access to illegal gambling sites excluding zodiac online casino and portals promoting betting hacks and other suspicious activities, entered upon a list drawn up by the Societ des lotteries du Qubec, which need to report to the Regie des alcools, des courses et des jeux if company fail to adhere to the Act.
The Regie will be accountable for notifying Judi Capsa company of their non-compliance, and the president and chief executive officer of the Societ or an individual the latter designates is approved investigation powers to ensure compliance.
A near two-year tumble in Issues in poker gambling income in China's Macau, the world's biggest casino hub, continued in March with a 16.3 percent fall as visits by big-spending high-rollers became even more infrequent.
The special administrative area on China's southern coast is dependent on gambling revenue. But income began to fall after the Beijing government began a campaign versus obvious spending by public authorities, while economic development slowed on the mainland – the home of the majority of consumers. This leads to sudden loss and one has to take care and play safe roulette games online.
Income has since struck five-year lows.
In March, best gambling games income fell from a year previously for the 22nd successive month to 18 billion patacas ($2.3 billion), government information revealed on Friday. That remained in line with the 13 percent to 16 percent decrease approximated by 6 experts, according to information from Thomson Reuters.
Analysts said volatility stays high in the VIP sector due to the government campaign along with tighter regulations in Macau, the only Chinese territory where Zodiac casino bonus gambling is legal.
"We reiterate our view that video gaming earnings in Macau is likely to decline 0-10 percent in 2016, given policy headwinds and the structural shift to mass market customers from high rollers," stated Standard & Poor's credit analyst Sophie Lin.
The gambling industry in the previous Portuguese nest prior to 2015 was greatly dependent on high-roller VIP gamblers (website reports), who represented over two-thirds of total income. That part has actually been up to just over half.
Tonight's NCAA men's basketball champion will likewise crown the champ in countless dream swimming pools. As the nation prepares for the excitement or disappointment that this online game will bring, let me inform you about my firsthand experience with dream sports which I not only play, but likewise research study. Dream sports are a type of online game where people assemble virtual teams of real-life gamers and compete versus other virtual teams based upon analytical performances. While money's often included, these online games are not technically viewed as gambling liked done on judi casino in the eyes of the federal and most state federal governments. To me, a dependency psychiatrist who co-directs UCLA's Gambling Studies, in some cases, it has actually ended up being harder to tell the difference.
Last year, approximately 50 million people in North America played dream sports. My boy and I opened an account on one of two significant business that arrange daily fantasy sports a busy and extremely popular variation of dream sports that squeezes online competitors into a single day as opposed to an entire season.
While football would usually be on my home's TV on a holiday, it would be in the background. Every time one of my challenger's players did well, I felt a pang of disappointment. As the games were winding down and it ended up being clear that I would lose my $50, I felt disappointed not at the idea of losing money, but at the concept of losing to someone I didn't know.
This day-to-day version of dream sports quickly emerged in American popular culture last year, in part because of a $250 million push in marketing. The companies, that include Draft Kings and Fan Duel, aren't controlled like conventional types of gambling, and the business say that they shouldn't be, on the grounds that they're games of skill. However in recent months, attorneys general in states that are home to some of daily dream's largest markets, including Texas and New York, have made transfer to categorize everyday fantasy sports as gambling, saying that they're in fact games of chance. The outcome has been a national dispute over how, if at all, dream play should be categorized.
In the week after Thanksgiving, I went back to play a 2nd round of games because I had money leftover in my account. I played against another faceless avatar, and lost with similar aggravation. I recognized this time that any success I had totally hinged on luck, mainly because opponents wear t see each other's gclubbz player options prior to competitors starts. In my case, my challenger and I coincidentally had selected virtually the precise very same roster. (Had I been able to see his lineup ahead of time, I would have picked other gamers.) He won because his tight end happened to capture a goal and mine did not. As far as I can inform, this wasn't due to some analytical advantage that he took advantage of. He just entered upon choosing the right individual on the ideal day.
The season-long version of dream sports never ever feels this random. Those games are determined, nuanced, and conclusive, and the winner earns triumph by lasting longer than and outmaneuvering the remainder of the league. I've played season-long fantasy sports for more than Twenty Years. There are 9 people in my baseball league, and it's constantly the same 3 who fight for the top and the same three who don't focus and finish at the bottom. The 3 who win consistently research and hang around hunting and analyzing data. They take notice of injuries, make excellent trades, and position themselves to take advantage of chances.
In everyday dream sports, players wager money on an occasion of unsure outcome in the hopes of winning more money. The layouts of everyday dream sports websites look exactly like online poker and Internet sports gambling sites by using slick graphics, lots of information, and tantalizing pledges of big wins.
Gambling on luxury online สมัครแทงบอล is indicated to be leisure. And for the large majority of individuals who do it, it's just that: a diversion, an escape. I remember the very first bet I ever made, a $20 wager that the Chicago Cubs would win the 1993 World Series. I lost, but it imprinted in me the experience that many gamblers have throughout a wager the anticipation, the enjoyment, the optimism, the denial, and eventually the acceptance of defeat. Gambling condition, on the other hand, is a psychiatric condition that affects 2 percent of the population. It's identified by addiction: continued gambling in spite of damaging effects, after defeat. Much like alcohol or drug dependency, it can be ravaging financially, socially and emotionally. And gambling is frequently quicker offered when slot machines are easily available with the use of bet365 code.
Daily dream sports websites are anonymous, easy to access, and even simpler to conceal. Without regulation and oversight, who's to state that faceless avatar I played was an actual real person and not a pre-programmed piece of software application?
Today, my everyday dream sports account is still active. Every once in a while, I'll log onto it to see what type of video games are being provided. The NFL season is over and I need to get my dream baseball group in order.