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consequences to humans and the species in tulare lake
Giant garter snakes feed primarily on carp, minnows, mosquitofish, Pacific tree frogs, and bullfrogs. This publication is available in both printed and electronic formats. The introduction of fish to a lake generally shifts the zooplankton community from one dominated by large-bodied species to one dominated by smaller-bodied species as a result of size-selective fish predation (Northcote 1988). Swainson's hawks also favor irrigated agricultural areas, particularly alfalfa fields, and exploit the abundance of prey made available when the fields are plowed. As I wrote in my previous Thirsty West, agriculture already uses 80 percent of the state's water, with a significant portion of that destined to support cash crops—like almonds—grown for export. It's easy to argue that the point of the increasing slate of environmental rules in California is to help reclaim what was once here, if not for an overreach of human activity. She says that lake trout and walleye are both making a comeback. Future Tense explores the ways emerging technologies affect society, policy, and culture. They degrade crop productivity. 4. So, those are just some of the really dramatic examples that we've seen in the glaciers. "The loss of species, ecosystems and genetic diversity is already a global and generational threat to human well-being," scientists say. Loss, fragmentation, and degradation of wetlands and uplands have reduced the availability of food and other resources, while restricting and … As the 20th century comes to a close, most scientists would agree that humans should A. use knowledge of ecology to consider the needs of future generations of humans and other species B. use new technology to expand human influence on all natural communities This helps them compete for resources that are already scarce. Nine oak species from Asia are listed as 'Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct or Possibly Extinct in the Wild)'. Do you know how to surf?". The melting of this Arctic sea ice will most likely lead to further climate change. Other blooms wipe out marine life. scientific journal – Annual symposium – Networking with lake-minded individuals – Opportunities to be involved at local, regional, national, and international levels . Except for wet years, nearly all of the water that previously sustained the natural lake was diverted for human use. Just like the San Joaquin River below Friant Dam, precious remnants of this phantom lake remain. Several studies have documented this effect of introduced trout on zooplankton communities in lakes in the Sierra Nevada. The largest native frog in the western United States, the California red-legged frog grows up to five inches long and features dark spots on its back with a red abdomen and hind legs. Username: Password: Current Conservation Programs. 3. Species of grain beetles can live on dry meal, obtaining water as metabolic water. This animal lives in dense vegetation made up of cottonwoods, willows, grasses, and rushes around the perimeter of marshes, lakes, or sloughs. The idea of de-extinction has been there for some time and has even received worldwide attention through science fiction movies such as Jurassic Park. Because of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, many species that once thrived in the Tulare Basin are reduced to small, isolated populations or restricted to pockets of protected land. Historically found throughout western North America, the western yellow-billed cuckoo was common throughout much of lowland California, including the wooded sloughs in the vicinity of Buena Vista Lake and along the Kern River channel. The Tulare Lake region was the first home of the local Native Americans of the Central Valley. All rights reserved. Indirect effects may be just as significant. He says farmers like him often get a bad rap in the state: The agricultural advocacy in his family runs deep. Lake trout, like stream trout, cannot successfully spawn in areas that are blanketed with fine sediments (Nester and Poe 1987). You set up a dozen jars of dry meal and introduce 50 individuals of each species to each jar, being careful to have half of each species from each sex. species that humans rely on indirectly through trophic and other interactions (e.g., natural pest control), and services that are closely tied to ecosystem processes. Endemic to California's Central Valley, giant garter snakes historically ranged from Butte County to Kern County but now exists in only 13 separate populations, with none remaining in the Tulare Basin. Easily associate with human; So what are the effects of these invasive species? Photograph by Tony Caprio COVER PHOTO Flood on Rock Creek, July 29, 2011. Farmers throughout the state are being forced to fallow fields in order to save it. Since the 1930s its numbers have declined by more than 50%. Whether it is animals or humans, every species needs a place to rest. It is approximately the size of a small mouse. Tricolored blackbirds breed in large colonies of up to 100,000 nests. Various factors combined in bringing about this bird's demise. The Tulare Basin features one of the largest populations of this species in the state. When the Yokuts Indian Nation Inhabited the great San Joaquin Valley, Tulare Lake was purported to be the largest fresh water lake west of the Mississippi River. In Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District v. The Human Impact indicators help us to understand the effect of our interaction with the ecosystem. Today, the Tipton kangaroo rat is only found in scattered and isolated populations in the Basin. Back then, the Wall Street Journal ran an op-ed with the title "California's Man-Made Drought.". Currently, water diversions use 100% of the historic inflow in all but the very wettest years. Some animals are only found in the Tulare Basin, others are endemic to California and a few range throughout western North America. Climate change will affect species in many and varied ways – some of which we can't even predict as yet. In the summer, these hawks eat insects, birds, and small mammals, occasionally taking reptiles, amphibians, and other invertebrates. He says if the current drought doesn't force action, some future calamity will. a species displaying which survivorship proportion will likely produce the most offspring. This article is part of Future Tense, a collaboration among Arizona State University, the New America Foundation, and Slate. Fish and Wildlife Service Kern National Wildlife Refuge P.O. It makes sense to ask farmers to do more with what water they already have. A boat traveled from a bay into a freshwater lake and brought a nonnative plant to the lake. Water supplies are expected to decrease throughout the United States as climate change accelerates over the next few decades. Change in climate has consequences on the biophysical environment such as changes in the start and length of the seasons, glacial retreat, decrease in Arctic sea ice extent and a rise in sea level. TULARE, Calif.—Signs of drought are everywhere in California's agricultural Central Valley. Over 100 Tulare Basin species are endangered, threatened, rare, or otherwise classified as species of special concern on federal and California state government lists. Last year, populations of the fish reached a new record low since it became endangered, down more than 90 percent over the past 20 years. Sensitive species like the Delta smelt are going to go extinct due to climate change. But in cases like Tulare Lake and the Delta, reclaiming any semblance of what once was may be unachievable. Tulare Lake was once the largest body of fresh water west of the Mississippi. The rash and redness of the skin might affect one person more than another, but there are no severe consequences if you ever get stung. Through the binding of methyl groups, … www.nalms.org . In Lemoore's Downtown Plaza Park, a colorful mural adorns the local Bank of America east wall, depicting what life might have been like for the lake's first residents. Examples are productive inputs such as soil fertility, pollination, water purification, and flood control, all of which are extremely important in agriculture. I can just get my food from the grocery store.'", Iacono, a cowboy-booted and belt-buckled figure who "used to rodeo for a living," is a charismatic force of nature in his tiny office, and would fit right in in Texas. While the specific feeding habits of the Buena Vista Lake shrew are unknown, in general, shrews feed day and night on invertebrates to maintain their extremely high metabolic rate. Found only in the southern part of Tulare Basin, Buena Vista Lake shrews historically lived in the wetlands around Buena Vista Lake and other lakes in the Basin. Humans often have not given much thought to the long-term impacts of technological change. The restoration of Tulare Lake can continue to take us down the right path towards economic and environmental sustainability. To read more, visit the Future Tense blog and the Future Tense home page. That's mostly due to straight-up lack of water. They occasionally prey on reptiles, amphibians, scorpions, young cottontail rabbits, bats, and other birds. Mosquitoes kill more people in just one day than sharks did in a hundred years. Fighting against saltwater intrusion, snowpack loss, and warmer temperatures is a losing battle with or without environmental regulation (though if done well, environmental regulation will blunt this change). As their name suggests, burrowing owls nest in burrows in the ground, often in old ground squirrel burrows. Not one comment about whoever smelt it delta it? But it is no more. Others were transported accidentally by ship, train, airplane - even on the shoes of hikers. During the early part of the 19th century Tulare Lake was considered the largest fresh body of water west of the Great Lakes. The billy owl gave out a tiny squeak when it bobbed its head, and the human imitation of this sound, peek-ook, became the world for billy owl. The Article critiques the court's holding and concludes that the Tulare decision was fundamentally flawed in at least two respects. Industrial-size dairies, like this one, pepper the Central Valley. The rash and redness of the skin might affect one person more than another, but there are no severe consequences if you ever get stung. "I call it 'Safeway-itis'. Proposed Tulare Basin Wildlife Management Area Environmental Assessment, Land Protection Plan, and Conceptual Management Plan Kern National Wildlife Refuge Complex Kern, Kings and Tulare Counties, California Prepared by: U.S. They disrupt the ecosystem. By the 1980s the water drained into 28 ponds totaling 7,300 acres. If the new plant adapts to the freshwater environment, which is the MOST likely consequence in the lake? Fish and Wildlife Service Region 1 Portland, Oregon U.S. The western yellow-billed cuckoo, a medium-sized bird, has a slender, long-tailed profile, with a down-curved bill that is blue-black above and bright yellow below. Take the tiny Delta smelt, for example: Since this fish hit the state endangered species list in 2010, water-pumping from the San Joaquin–Sacramento River Delta has been curtailed in an attempt to restore the sensitive ecosystem of the West Coast's largest estuary. Some of the wealthiest and most powerful farmers in the country are right here along the shores of old Tulare Lake. Series QH105.C2B667 1996 574.92'9794'8 dc20 96-21432 CIP ISBN 0-607-8621 4-9. Tricolored blackbirds closely resemble red-winged blackbirds, but have red and white shoulder patches. Aquatic organisms Effect of water pollution on California Tulare Lake Watershed I. The acidity of the ocean has increased by about 25% since before the Industrial Revolution, greater than any other time within the last two million years. Just like the San Joaquin River below Friant Dam, precious remnants of this phantom lake remain. Background: Globally, pollen allergy is a major public health problem, but a fundamental unknown is the likely impact of climate change. Se was transformed to volatile Se in several species of microalgae isolated from Tulare Lake evaporation ponds. Another native species, the whitefish, never actually experienced … This animal inhabits grassland and scrubland, as well as oak savannah. 5 During migration and in the winter, their diet consists mainly of insects. By the 1880s, inflow to Tulare Lake was reduced to the point that the permanence of the lake was altered. Climate change promises to exacerbate the … SAC\155333\JAN 2001/010190001 (TULARE CONTENTS.DOC) III Contents Section Page 1.0 Purpose and Need.....1-1 1.1 Introduction .....1-1 1.2 History of Refuge Water Supply Planning.....1-1 1.3 Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action.....1-4 1.4 Public Scoping .....1-5 2. Unfortunately, humans don't have any natural predators to control the population. From the time we are young, most humans are conditioned to view certain species as worthy of care and compassion and others as unworthy—all based on arbitrary human preferences. Today, the blunt-nosed leopard lizard is found only in isolated locations throughout this range, including a few in the Tulare Basin. 123RF.COM Baikal's ecosystem, which evolved in a frigid climate, now faces the threat of rising temperatures. For the first time, a court has held that restrictions imposed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)1 constituted a Fifth Amendment2 taking of property. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Sein Name leitet sich von tule rush ab, der englischen Bezeichnung der Teichbinsenar… Services provided in: Kings County, California; Create an Account to make additions or corrections to your profile. This is a problem because climate change affects almost everything important to humans, like plants, animals, the weather, and commerce. In some cases, humans have dispersed species on purpose; for instance, many plants were transported from Europe to North America for agricultural and ornamental purposes. National Water-Quality Assessment Program (U.S.) II. Photograph by Dave Alexander Sequoia Natural History Association Three Rivers, CA 93271 . Kit foxes either dig their own dens or use those constructed by other animals, and readily adapt to human-made structures for temperature regulation, shelter from adverse weather, and protection from predators. The lake was dried up by the year 1900 due to emerging agriculture in the region. Unique to California, this frog historically ranged from the coast to inland areas throughout much of the state. It's not that the Delta smelt is a lost cause. The pathway for methylation of inorganic Se in a wetland generally involves a reduction of selenate to selenite and/or selenide, followed by an assimilation process to organic Se (non-dimethlselenonium compounds) such as selenomethionine. This is an informational item only, and no action on your part is required. Q. It's necessary to take action at the individual level and government level to control population. Tulare Lake was once the largest body of fresh water west of the Mississippi. These lizards inhabit expansive arid areas with scattered vegetation below 2,600 feet, such as California annual grassland and saltbush scrub. Swainson's hawks breed in western North America and winter in Argentina. It was built as the centerpiece of the Central Valley Project, supplying water to farmers hundreds of miles away. Farmers from the East settled here after the Civil War, and maps from that era show the lake with roads drawing closer to the tantalizing water source. Aquatic organisms Effect of water pollution on California San Joaquin River Watershed. Boswell drained the last remnants of lake from the basin, and Tulare was reduced to a dusty bowl of bad air and murky canals. Frog larvae eat algae, while adults eat invertebrates and even Pacific tree frogs and mice. Tipton kangaroo rats build burrows and tunnels in soft soil. Only a few isolated populations of this unique mammal remain today in the Basin. Mosquitoes kill more people in just one day than sharks did in a hundred years. But it is no more. For example, heavier rain events will cause more severe spates in many rivers, damaging salmon spawning grounds more often. Tulare Lake (Spanish: Laguna de Tache, Yokuts: Pah-áh-su) is a freshwater dry lake with residual wetlands and marshes in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California, United States. Named for the "tules," or bulrushes that surrounded the lake, Tulare at its wettest recorded year covered nearly 760 square miles and supported vast populations of deer, elk, antelope, grizzly bear, migratory waterfowl, and aquatic species. Environmentalists argue that the smelt is much more important than its size and is an indicator species for the ecosystem health of the entire region, including salmon and migrating birds. During the Bush administration, these farmers won a major victory in Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District et al., v. the United States. In the 1970s, major environmental regulations like the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act placed further limits on the amount of water that could be diverted for agricultural use. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007455. The following topics are currently in the focus of our research: Impact of climate change on nutrient balance in lakes. Since humans began exploring the globe, however, the rate of new species being introduced into regions has greatly increased. The Tulare Basin continues to provide important habitat for small numbers of this charismatic animal today. They say huge corporate farms are pulling out all the stops to grab water from every source they can find, even in spite of a major drought. The last confirmed sighting happened in 1982 and the IUCN declared it extinct in 2010. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. With popularity, however, came growth; and the impact of so many people caused a steady degradation of the Alpine environment beginning in the mid-20th century. The issue has become so politically charged that you can't talk about water in California anymore without talking about the Delta smelt. Its plumage is grayish-brown above and white below, with rusty-colored flight feathers and white spots on the underside of the tail. • Membership benefits include: – Monthly newsletters – LakeLine. An $11 billion "water bond" is scheduled to go in front of California voters in November. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Tulare Lake Basin and Agricultural Drainage Because the Tulare Lake Basin's irrigation water does not have an outlet, agricultural drainage is stored in a series of evaporation ponds in and near the lakebed, which has been converted to farm fields. We are an important part of the ecosystem and they way we live has both positive and negative consequences for the creatures we share it with and its resources. Alps - Alps - Human impact on the Alpine environment: The early travelers to the Alps were greatly inspired by the pristine beauty of what they saw, and from their inspiration sprang the modern popularity of the Alpine region. Today, the western yellow-billed cuckoo is no longer found in the Tulare Basin. The extent, nature, and pathogenic consequences of helminth polyparasitism in humans: A meta-analysis PLoS Negl Trop Dis . Some ecosystems, like the Delta, are going to change in fundamental ways in the coming decades. Swainson's hawks prefer open habitats, such as grasslands, with scattered trees for perching and nesting. In parts of the Tulare Basin, tricolored blackbirds depend on row crops, such as triticale for nesting and pasture land for foraging. With a wide smile, he recalls his days touring the competitions around the West, when people would ask questions like, "I didn't know you had cattle in California! Changes in agricultural practices or poorly-managed grazing, Pesticide, insecticide or rodenticide spraying and drift, Water pollution and degraded water quality. After all, the state is in the midst of months and months of practically no rain and currently has the slimmest snowpack on record—just 4 percent of normal as of Tuesday. The restoration of Tulare Lake can continue to take us down the right path towards economic and environmental sustainability. You disappoint me. They've got a case, too. TULARE LAKE BASIN Recommended: Planning Manager Date Concur: Regional Environmental Officer Date Approved: Regional Resource Manager Date FONSI No. Flood on the Kaweah River, January 2, 1997. Find the perfect tulare lake stock photo. PO Box 985 Corcoran, CA 93212-0985 Phone: (559) 992-3145 Fax : (559) 992-2267. Iacono's grandfather used to boast: "If I knew I would die today, I would go down and blow up the pumping station to L.A.". Current Trend of Water Hyacinth Expansion and Its Consequence on the Fisheries around North Eastern Part of Lake Tana, Ethiopia . The extinctions in this lake were caused by the introduction of predatory non-native species as well as by overfishing. Jahrhundert war er der Fläche nach der zweitgrößte Süßwassersee (nach dem Michigansee), der vollständig in den Vereinigten Staaten lag. Less snow cover on mountains will reduce the extent of some montane plants.. Still, Iacono is optimistic the problem will be solved, one way or another. Now, Tulare Lake exists only during exceptionally wet years (like early 2017, in fact), and Buena Vista Lake isn't much more than a sump, tainted with agricultural effluent. They can spread faster. On my monthlong multistate road trip through the drought-stricken West for Slate, there was nowhere that produced more gasps per square mile as here. Tulare is the first published court decision holding that efforts to protect species under the Endangered Species Act constitute a taking of property in violation of the Fifth Amendment. It is therefore crucial that we contain the natural variety of our planet in order to provide recreational areas where people and also animals can rest and recharge. Lake trout in Lake Huron prefer cobble and rubble and do not generally use coarse sands or gravels to spawn. Endemic to the southern Tulare Basin, Tipton kangaroo rats historically lived near Tulare, Kern and Buena Vista lakes and the slough channels of the Kern River alluvial fan. Australian Government: ENDANGERED Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Western Australia: CRITICALLY ENDANGERED Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 Most people in cities don't have direct contact with the land, or the way their food is produced anymore. In my next stop on the Thirsty West road trip, I'll visit a farmers market in Oakland to get a sense of how urban Californians are dealing with the drought. The lake's disappearance has had far-reaching consequences… While still locally fairly common in some areas of the state, the California red-legged frog is no longer found in the Tulare Basin. Effects on species may be direct. Many introduced species have invaded natural habitats to the detriment of one or more native species. During the middle of my trip, the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a ruling limiting water pumping to protect the fish, dealing a major blow to agricultural interests in the state. However, when these alien species begin to have negative consequences in the new habitat, they are called invasive species. Our Mission. The Buena Vista Lake shrew, one of nine subspecies of the ornate shrew, features a long snout, tiny bead-like eyes, ears that are concealed by soft fur, and five toes on each foot. I encountered more than one dust storm on my way back, passing through soil blown into the air on a warm and windy March day. Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District v. United States: Takings Victory or ESA Reform Test Case? The California red-legged frog occupies a fairly distinct habitat, combining both aquatic and riparian components, such as dense, shrubby or emergent riparian vegetation closely associated with deep or slow-moving water. Shasta Lake, in Northern California, is only half full right now. Cries of mismanagement of the state's slim water resources abound. Unfortunately, both sides in this debate aren't yet facing the grim reality of the future. The melting of the Arctic sea ice is a dire problem for not only the human race, but also many species found in the animal kingdom. This problem is important despite emotional, cultural or religious sensitivity to the issue. Contact Tulare Lake Resource Conservation District. FOREWORD The mission … Some solutions on the table are almost laughably outrageous: A multibillion-dollar proposal by Gov. Freshwater biology California Tulare Lake Watershed. The smallest fox in North America, the San Joaquin kit fox is lightly built, with long legs and large ears and grows to approximately 20 inches long. B The minerals that animals build their shells out of are calcium carbonate compounds. Bis ins späte 19. Some animals are only found in the Tulare Basin, others are endemic to California and a few range throughout western North America. These owls range throughout western North America, from Canada to Mexico and east to Louisiana, but in California, they are declining. However, coming in hordes of billions, mosquitoes cause more than 2.7 million deaths every year. Swainson's hawk, a large bird distinguished by its long, narrow, pointed wings, displays a wide variation in plumage color and pattern. Floods and Droughts in the Tulare Lake Basin By John T. Austin Figure 1. Dr. Rees spoke about the ecological footprint. Tulare Basin Regional Conservation Reports, Tulare Basin Watershed Connections Collaborative, Adaptation & Mitigation News and Legislation, Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Tulare Basin, Land Use and Natural Resource Integration, Climate Change Adaptation Projects in the Tulare Basin, Floods and Droughts in the Tulare Lake Basin. Problem is state environmental regulators are fighting a losing battle. Ecological collapse refers to a situation where an ecosystem suffers a drastic, possibly permanent, reduction in carrying capacity for all organisms, often resulting in mass extinction.Usually, an ecological collapse is precipitated by a disastrous event occurring on a short time scale. Found only in California, San Joaquin kit foxes historically inhabited most of the San Joaquin Valley, from Contra Costa County to Kern County. The burrowing owl is a small ground-dwelling owl with a round head, white eyebrows, yellow eyes, and long stilt-like legs. One of three subspecies of San Joaquin kangaroo rat, the Tipton kangaroo rat features short fore-limbs with stout claws, elongated hind limbs, a long, tufted tail for balance, large eyes, and small, rounded ears; this animal also has only four toes on its hind feet. In some places, it was like a Plato's ideal of drought. During intense summer heat, these frogs aestivate, or enter a dormant state, in small mammal burrows and moist leaf litter in well-vegetated terrestrial areas within the riparian corridor. The state can't bring its economy crashing down in the process. The word for ducks was the gabbling noise they made while feeding, wats-wats. species that humans rely on indirectly through trophic and other interactions (e.g., natural pest control), and services that are closely tied to ecosystem processes. Invasive species may cause environmental harm, economic harm, or impact human health. The water hyacinth story is about floating plants on a lake, but it is also about the human population on planet Earth. Title. Its coat ranges from tan to buffy-gray in the summer to silvery-gray in the winter; the belly is white and its bushy tail black-tipped. But we see the same thing happening in the forest and in the Alpine–and if you look a little more closely to some of the plants and animals that are living in those environments as well. The fishermen of Lake Victoria have adjusted to this ecological crisis by using large‐meshed nets to catch Nile perch, which has become the most important commercial species. Our nature, especially our plants, provide an immense variety of substances which are used for pharmaceutical processes. This aquatic bird used to populate the waters of Lake Alaotra in Madagascar. A plan to load salmon in trucks and haul them upriver by convoy is already underway. Over the past century, modifications to the Tulare Basin's land and water have resulted in the critical status given to these animals. TULARE LAKE BASIN JANUARY 2001. An opportunistic feeder, burrowing owls eat beetles and grasshoppers, as well as small mammals, such as mice and gophers. 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consequences to humans and the species in tulare lake 2020


To teach civics today, educators must contend with forces outside the classroom, forces that threaten the viability of American democracy. We all know the troubling statistics: Only 20% of Americans trust the government, 40% of Americans believe that the other party is a threat to the nation's wellbeing, and a growing number of Americans believe that a "strong leader" who does not have to contend with elections might be better than our current democracy. We live in a country designed for self-governance, and yet less than half the population consistently votes.
"Where are the Jews of color?" I asked myself as I sat in an auditorium full of Jewish educators. The daylong conference was focused on civics education in Jewish educational settings and drew hundreds of Jewish educators from throughout the New York area. And as I looked around, I noticed we were mostly, almost entirely, white.
Like many other Jewish schools, ours sometimes finds itself challenged by the conflict between the competing imperatives. On the one hand, we never want a family to have to consider our school's perceived political positions when deciding whether or not to enroll their children. Nor would we want students to feel uncomfortable by the school imposing a particular view or activity on them that goes against their own values and beliefs. Those are considered red lines, yehareg ve'al ya'avor (let oneself be killed rather than violate) at our school.
The issue of female leadership, or lack of female leadership, in Jewish day schools is complex. Often the hurdles placed before women, or the doors closed to them, aren't clearly visible. But empowering the women in our institutions is not only about fairness and equality; it's about modeling for both male and female students, during their most formative years, that women are valued, have a place at the table, and can and should be leaders. Modeling this lesson through purposeful actions speaks volumes.
Adam is a peacock. He struts through the halls showing his feathers whenever he can. When I walk into a classroom where Adam is, his back is noticeably straight; he sits with seeming attentiveness and some designation of self-worth. He is not tall, but his solid frame gives him the appearance of height. He is capable of having different kinds of conversations than you might from boys his age. He has a biting sense of humor, sees irony all around him and is willing to share his insights.
2018 marks the 25th anniversary of the NAIS Student Diversity Leadership Conference, a multiracial, multicultural gathering of upper school student leaders (grades 9-12) from across the US and abroad. SDLC focuses on self-reflecting, forming allies and building community. Led by a diverse team of trained adult and peer facilitators, participating students develop cross-cultural communication skills, design effective strategies for social justice practice through dialogue and the arts, and learn the foundations of allyship and networking principles.
Years ago, I heard two fifth graders speaking to each other, clearly parroting their parents' views of the Israeli-Palestinian situation. One said in a dispassionate voice, "Don't you know what the Palestinians are doing to the Israelis?" and the other responded, equally emotionless, "Don't you know what the Israelis are doing to the Palestinians?" Their conversation unfolded into a reasoned discussion. Would such a civil conversation be possible in today's zeitgeist?
When I was young, I loved playing outside on the seesaw. I'd scan the playground, searching for someone who might match my size so that we could get into a rhythm of play. As one of us went up, the other went down. My favorite thing was to try to balance the ends into a straight line. My partner and I would lock eyes, giggling as we tried to hold steady.
For many teachers, claims of fairness, particularly in middle grades, can be frustrating and challenging to manage. The phrase "That's not fair!" haunted me when I first entered the classroom: How do I help students understand and navigate the emotions of their perceived injustices? For many teachers, claims of fairness, particularly in middle grades, can be frustrating and challenging to manage.
"This school is not a democracy." How many of us have heard that line from a teacher or school administrator during our time as a student? Whether they use an authoritative, tongue-in-cheek or exasperated tone, adults in school find themselves driven to assert their authority from time to time by disabusing students of the notion that "majority rules" in school.
Teachers and administrators at Jewish day schools want their students to be ethical and moral people who care about the world around them. They want them to be thoughtful, think deeply and take action. They want them to be motivated by their learning to make a difference. When cultivating these attributes, however, difficult conversations in the classroom are inevitable, and these difficult conversations can be challenging to manage and facilitate.
Yuval Noah Harari and other futurists have predicted that, in the not too distant future, a majority of professions will disappear as their human workforce becomes superfluous, replaced by algorithms and Artificial Intelligence. Teachers are included in the list of those to disappear. I am here to tell you why I don't think he is right—at least not about the teachers.
Jewish schools, as identity-based schools, and their leadership, can fall into the trap of assuming students share experiences based on a shared Jewish identity. This blind spot can compromise a climate of inclusion and interfere with student learning. Too much focus on unity can come at the expense of recognizing difference and acknowledging diversity within the community.
From Open Your Hand: Teaching as a Jew, Teaching as an American, 53-57. Copyright ©2019 by Ilana Blumberg. Reprinted by permission of Rutgers University Press.


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👏🏻Method 👏🏻 Review — Routledge's Colloquial Series
December 5, 2020 November 27, 2020 / Zui
Like Teach Yourself, Routledge is also another powerhouse of language coursebooks, primarily through the Colloquial Series of Multimedia Language Courses, containing courses for at least 40-50 languages. Audio is available through CDs, or through external downloads. Alongside these courses, Routledge also has several Grammar series, and courses focused on the grammar side of things compared to the conversational aspect. The Colloquial series of courses has gained significance in the self-directed language learning community, and some of the languages covered are not supported by the Teach Yourself series. Thus in some cases, the Colloquial Series is an accessible alternative to self-instructed language learning. Examples include Kazakh, Tibetan and Mongolian. Relatively obscure languages in terms of available learning resources indeed. Here, we will be reviewing how well the Colloquial series does in serving its purpose.
The price point of these books varies between courses, but if a learner is short on cash, local libraries may have these available, although audio discs might require a separate loan. In most cases, the Routledge Colloquial series of books should be quite accessible to the learner.
Before we dive into the details, we have to understand what the primary objectives and goals of the Colloquial series are. As the name suggests, these books are more geared towards the conversational side of affairs, by introducing some expressions more readily used in everyday speech, or spoken pronunciations of some words. There are also some bits of the language's or region's history, traditions and culture included, as passages, dialogues or exercises, giving the learner more background information on the region.
There is no proficiency skill level mentioned in the books, only that it is largely meant for beginners of the language. After going through several of the languages courses, it does seem to target learners to achieve at least an intermediate level of proficiency, which is on par with the Teach Yourself Complete series of language books we reviewed earlier.
Given the various similarities between the Colloquial series and the Teach Yourself complete series, in terms of overall aim, targeted proficiency level and overall structure, our review will cover similar aspects, such as introduction to the writing system, and audio integration. Some distinctions have to be made, since the Colloquial series appears to be slightly more geared towards the speaking component of the language, compared to the overall balanced approach taken by the Complete series.
Audio Integration
Until recently, the Colloquial series came packaged with audio CDs, or cassettes (in the older editions), sometimes offered separately from the main book. This later transitioned to online audio tracks offered free of charge, used in conjunction with the textbook.
Like the Teach Yourself Complete series, some sections of the books have supported audio, for learners to pick up standard intonation, pronunciation and other phonetic features which are difficult to simplify and explain in plain text. Crucial sections include the pronunciation guide, which appears to be included for almost all supported language courses, and the main dialogues. One will also encounter listening exercises, with text accompaniment similar to some listening comprehension practice systems. In language courses that do not use the Latin alphabet, such as Russian and Bengali, the audio also aims to help learners link sound and letter, with varying coverage depending on the language course.
Overall, the audio part seems to be well-integrated into the learning process, although it only teaches the standard pronunciations of words and perhaps omitting some regional quirks. Understanding that the Colloquial series tries to put more focus on everyday expressions of certain phrases and words, the audio certainly complements the text to aid the learner to pick out how letters or characters are omitted, or have their sounds altered in colloquial speech.
Introduction to Writing Systems
For languages that do not primarily use the Latin alphabet in writing and reading, the Colloquial series has a rather inconsistent coverage of the respective languages' writing systems. Alphabets like the Cyrillic alphabet and featural scripts like Korean often receive well-rounded coverage in terms of pronunciation and writing patterns, but as we move along towards alphasyllabaries and logographic writing systems, we see this coverage tailing off.
I remember using Colloquial Tamil to help guide my learning in the target language, but I realised that the writing system introduced barely extended past the reading guides of the individual characters. As a single character such as க (ka) can represent up to six separate sounds, writing conventions and orthographies should be encompassed to account for such one-to-many character to sound associations. In spelling conventions, there were several letters I still got quite confused even after referring to the Colloquial Tamil's writing system guide, and unfortunately, this was not elaborated on further in the book. Distinctions such as the use of ந் and ன், both of which represent two slight variations of [n], have to be made as well, as these differences often present themselves as rather subtle to the budding learner. As the book largely uses its own Tamil transcription in dialogue and exercises, I do not find Colloquial Tamil useful in teaching learners how to write and read in Tamil. This came as a slight obstacle, seeing how textbooks in Tamil for language learners are often hard to come by, or otherwise require knowledge in Hindi or other Indian languages.
This same problem shows up in languages textbooks like Japanese, Cantonese and Chinese, where very often, the use of Chinese characters and kanji are quite minimal. Once again, this poses challenges to learners who would like to use the coursebook to aid in reading and writing in the respective target languages.
Colloquial Mongolian takes an interesting step. While the book mainly covers the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet, there are some excerpts that introduce learners to Mongol Bichig, the vertical writing system which looks like Arabic, but written from top to bottom. Within the units, extra information is provided to raise some interesting quirks about Mongolian phonetics, such as the "fleeting n", and the distinctions between hard and soft "g". While these are aptly covered, learners would probably want to learn in which cases an "n" would be considered fleeting, or which pronunciation of "g" is adopted in which contexts. These definitely deserve a clearer explanation, to help learners read and write Mongolian.
The grammar bits are broken down into bite-sized sections, to simplify the daunting process for learners when they pick up the inner workings of their target language. What I notice is the seemingly more examples listed in one grammatical section compared to some courses in the Teach Yourself Complete series counterparts. Examples of irregular nouns, or adjectives does help a learner to note some of the most frequently used words that do not seem to follow the grammatical rules listed in the section.
However, the organisation of grammar bits still has rather haphazard organisation, perhaps to suit the organisational needs of the thematic unit. This reflects the same problem as highlighted in the review for the Teach Yourself Complete series, should these general bits be lumped together, or split as and when needed?
Fortunately, Routledge has handy some of their language Essential Grammar series, which offers a more in-depth analysis of how the language works. While departing greatly from the focus on colloquialisms intended by the Colloquial series, the grammar books offer a more complete reflection on the patterns, or usage of grammatical features in the target language. Thus, while these may seem to complement well with the Colloquial series, there are some coverage issues, considering that these two series are sort of independent of each other; a Colloquial series course may not have an Essential Grammar series counterpart. However, if the target language is generally more popular to learners, this should not pose that much of a problem.
Thematic Organisation
Each unit is organised according a certain theme, which is pretty much expected since it gives a more well-organised list of vocabulary for learners to pick up. However, the Colloquial series does seem to have a more diverse set of passages used in the respective units. For instance, a chapter on food can include a passage on actual recipes, and a chapter about travel or meeting people could include an email. There are also additional dialogues included in the unit, giving each unit a well-packed coverage on texts and dialogues, compared to the Teach Yourself Colloquial series, where each unit is filled with cultural information and predominantly dialogues, giving a more limited coverage of passages.
In each unit, there is an extensive list of vocabulary given at the end of each passage, although it does not seem to follow any organisational pattern. In the early units, some letters may be marked (by underlining, or accenting) to indicate stressed syllables. Nouns can have their grammatical genders shown, alongside notable case declension or plural forms. Similarly, the verbs may also have their tense declensions shown. This is helpful in providing learners the additional information surrounding a new word, aiding in the association between word and grammatical patterns involved.
The Colloquial series certainly does cover a number of languages which overlap with the Teach Yourself Complete series, such as Norwegian, Swedish and primarily those languages often sought for by language learners. French, German and Russian are all often brought to mind. However, what the Teach Yourself series could lack, the Colloquial series might have got covered. Languages exclusively covered by Routledge among the two publishers include Tamil, Tibetan, Basque, Breton and Mongolian, all of which do not have their Teach Yourself Complete series counterparts. This garners the Colloquial series a slight niche in the area, even though the introduction to the language's respective writing systems, or other aspects previously discussed, may fall short in effectiveness. However, this gives learners a readily accessible resource for some languages which they are interested in learning, but are not covered by the other textbook giant, the Teach Yourself series.
There are also some variations of languages covered in the Colloquial series, focusing on the phonetic quirks, or special expressions only seen in the target regional variants. We see this being covered in the Colloquial Arabic of the Levant, Egypt, Gulf and Saudi Arabia, in three separate coursebooks. However, we still see Spanish being covered as two separate entities, one as the Spanish spoken in Spain, and one as the Spanish spoken in Latin America, similar to the coverage of Spanish by the Teach Yourself Complete series.
The Routledge Colloquial series of language learning coursebooks for self-learners definitely offers a well-rounded experience for the budding language learner, making it pretty much on par with the Teach Yourself Complete series of books. However, with the added focus on colloquial expressions in dialogues and speech, the Colloquial series might gain an upper hand in preference for learners who prefer to take a more speech-oriented focus in their language learning goals.
The Colloquial series does appear to suffer from the same, or similar drawbacks and problems as the Teach Yourself Complete series, such as the organisation of grammatical sections. However, the Colloquial series may have outshone its counterparts in terms of the diversity of passages and contexts, such as sample news articles, recipes, emails and written letters. This gives learners a more diverse exposure to these various media, which they may encounter in everyday life. Overall, the Routledge Colloquial series does seem to punch above its self-directed language learning coursebook counterpart to offer a well-rounded exposure for learners, although problems like writing systems still pose a consistency issue in the quality of individual coursebooks. For the absolute beginner, I would definitely recommend this coursebook, given its feature-richness discussed in previous sections.
The Language Closet Rating: 8.5/10
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Rating: 8.5 out of 10.
Note: This rating is based on user experience, criticism and evaluation through this post. It is in no way an objective stance, nor is it a static rating.
How would you rate the Colloquial series? How has this line of textbooks shaped your learning experiences? Let us know through the comments!
This is also yet another coursebook which has formed an integral part in my language learning process, although I felt that some were more helpful than others. Starting off from Colloquial Swedish and Russian, I felt that these books proved reliable in learning these languages. However, as I progressed to learn Tamil, primarily with Colloquial Tamil, I found the book to be less helpful in learning how to read and write Tamil as compared to speaking and listening. Nonetheless, this was still better than not having any reliable self-learning textbooks at all. This concludes my review on the Routledge Colloquial series of language learning books, and I will see you in the next post.
Colloquial language, Colloquial series, critical review, critique, diversity, education, feedback, grammar, language, language learning, languages, listening, method, publisher, rating, reading, review, Routledge, series, society, speaking, travel, writing, writing system
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Looney Tunes is a vivified toon character, made in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Creations (later Warner Brothers. Toons) and voiced initially by Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his featuring parts in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Songs arrangement of energized short movies, delivered by Warner Brothers. In spite of the fact that a comparative character appeared in the WB toon Porky's Bunny Chase (1938) and showed up in a couple of consequent shorts, the complete character of Bugs is generally credited to have made his presentation in executive Tex Avery's Oscar-selected film A Wild Rabbit (1940).
Bugs is a human dim and white bunny or rabbit who is well known for his nervy, insouciant identity. He is likewise described by a Brooklyn highlight, his depiction as a cheat, and his catchphrase "Eh… What's up, doc?" Because of Bugs' notoriety amid the brilliant period of American movement, he turned into an American social symbol and the official mascot of Warner Brothers. Excitement. He would thus be able to be found in the more established Warner Brothers. organization logos.
Since his presentation, Bugs has showed up in different short movies, include films, accumulations, television arrangement, music records, comic books, computer games, grant appears, entertainment mecca rides, and advertisements. He has likewise showed up in a larger number of movies than some other toon character, is the ninth most-depicted film identity in the world, and has his own particular star on the Hollywood Stroll of Notoriety.


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Q: Sum of combinations with varying $n$ What is the sum of number of ways of choosing $n$ elements from $(n+r)$ elements where $r$ is fixed and $n$ varies from $1$ to $m$ ? Can this be reduced to a formula ?
$$ \sum ^m _{n=1} \binom{n + r}n $$

A: Yes your formula is corrct and:
$$\sum_{n=1}^m \dbinom{n+r}n=\sum_{n=1}^m\dbinom{n+r}{r}$$
and you can prove by induction that this $\dbinom{m+r+1}{r+1}-1$

A: This is a combinatorial proof of the identity.
The number of ways to select $m+1$ items out of $n+m+1$ is $\binom{n+m+1}{m+1} = \binom{n+m+1}{n}$. Sets of size $n$ are $\mathcal{S}=(a_0, a_1 \ldots a_{n-1}), (a_1, a_2 \ldots a_{n}), \ldots ,(a_{m+1}, a_{m+2} \ldots a_{m+n}).$
Let's split the number of ways to select $n$ elements if the smallest element in $\mathcal{S}$ is $a_0$: this is clearly $\binom{n+m}{n-1}$, if it's $a_1$: $\binom{n+m-1}{n-1}$, etc. Finally, if it's $a_{m+1}$, the number is just $\binom{n-1}{n-1}$. But this is clearly equivalent to the total number of ways to select $\binom{n+m+1}{n}$, we just split this number based on the smallest element in the subset. Hence,
$$
\binom{n+m+1}{n} = \sum_{k=0}^{m} \binom{n+k}{n}
$$

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Home / Australia Company Profiles / Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited - Australian Company Profile
Company Type: Public Company
ASX Code: FPH
What does Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited do?
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited is a New Zealand-based publicly listed company that derives its revenue from the provision of heated humidification products and systems for respiratory care, acute care and the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The company has operations across 35 countries, employs approximately 4,550 people and has manufacturing plants in New Zealand and Mexico. Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited is administered by its head office in Auckland, New Zealand.
The company is listed on the both the Australian Securities Exchange and New Zealand Stock Exchange under the code FPH.
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited - Products & Brands
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited designs, manufactures and markets a range of healthcare devices to improve patients care and outcome. The company's product range consists of the following:
Hospital Products - Humidification, breathing circuits, chambers, masks, nasal cannula, surgical, accessories and interfaces.
Homecare Products - Masks, CPAP devices, data management, humidifiers and accessories.
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited - Financial Statements
pie_chart Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Financial Profit & Loss Account
1,234,319 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8
lock To view Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's full competitive environment, see report purchase options.
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited - Financial Ratios
pie_chart Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Financial Growth
pie_chart Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Financial Ratios
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's Competitive Environment
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited operates in the following industries:
C2412 - Medical and Surgical Equipment Manufacturing in Australia
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's main competitors:
Aristocrat Leisure Limited
A high-level overview of Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's registered business details, a company synopsis, history and background, as well as Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's main brands and products.
We outline the Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's key personnel by position type and title.
Get a full view of Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited's financials, including Profit and Loss Account (Revenue, Interest, Profit and Loss, and Audit Fees) and Balance Sheet (Current Assets, Non-Current Assets, Current Liabilities, Non-Current Liabilities, Shareholders' Equity), as well as Number of Employees, Number of Share on Issue, Market Capitalisation and Earnings per Share where available. Note: we do not provide a full financial details for all company profiles.
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There's an argument to be had about President Obama's record and the course he's set for our nation. There's also an argument to be had about his leadership and his willingness, or lack thereof, to unite our nation.
However, when the president travelled to Orlando, Florida to address the Disabled American Veterans' convention on Friday, some of the protesters who lined his motorcade resurrected the infamous "birther" cause, only further detracting from the integrity of American debate.
The vast majority of Americans dismiss this conspiracy theory because of its blatant invalidity and irrelevance to the real issues facing the nation. It is an insult to President Obama, and it demeans the positions of those who oppose the president for practical reasons.
Those who still cling to the hope that the president wasn't born in the United States are behaving in a way that is actually counterproductive to their interests. No rational person will subscribe to an argument that President Obama has been an unsuccessful president because he isn't constitutionally qualified – there is adequate proof that he indeed is. Republicans cannot advance their cause by fabricating technical flaws in their opponents. Advancing the birther phenomenon only cheapens Republicans' credibility, even if only a few delusional protesters are the ones doing it.
Democrats, too, are guilty of clinging to trivial arguments to undermine their adversaries. Dwelling on Mitt Romney's "binder full of women" comment and then claiming that Republicans are waging a war on women did not contribute to the national dynamic.
The worst part about these claims isn't that they insult those who they attack.
Americans should be actively critical of President Obama and all other government leaders – it is essential to democracy. Protest is likewise a productive way to express discontentment and those who lined the streets of Orlando have both the perogative and the responsibility to voice their opinions. That said, when someone tells the President of the United States to go back to Kenya, he or she is doing no one any favors and only contributes to the nation's problems.


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Q: Help me xml parsing in php I have an xml response from zoho recruit API. I just need to parse it get values of a few attributes and nodes(whatever you call it). And then update them and submit back. The xml is given below.
Like If i want to check what is first name it should return TEst1
and when I want to update it I should get updated and then I have to save it in a string format.
Help me to figure this out.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<response uri="/ats/private/xml/Candidates/getRecords">
<result>
<Candidates>
<row no="1">
<FL val="RESUMEID"><![CDATA[93327000000109297]]></FL>
<FL val="Modified by"><![CDATA[Not specified]]></FL>
<FL val="Modified time"><![CDATA[Yesterday]]></FL>
<FL val="Candidate ID"><![CDATA[677]]></FL>
<FL val="First name"><![CDATA[TEst1]]></FL>
<FL val="Last name"><![CDATA[TEst2]]></FL>
<FL val="Residental Address"><![CDATA[TESTing res address]]></FL>
<FL val="Email ID"><![CDATA[test1@email.com]]></FL>
<FL val="Mobile Phone"><![CDATA[123456789]]></FL>
<FL val="Created On"><![CDATA[Yesterday]]></FL>
<FL val="Owner"><![CDATA[0]]></FL>
<FL val="Source"><![CDATA[Embed]]></FL>
<FL val="Employment Preference"><![CDATA[Contract (Full Time), Permanent (Full Time), Contract (Part Time), Permanent (Part Time)]]></FL>
<FL val="Cover Letter" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q68UOoUiAiY8ElcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[samplecoverletter.txt]]></FL>
<FL val="Total work exp (year)"><![CDATA[10]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Role"><![CDATA[Administrative Officer]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Role if Other"><![CDATA[current_role_if_other]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Employer/Customer"><![CDATA[Current_employer_name]]></FL>
<FL val="Skill sets"><![CDATA[skill_sets_goes_here]]></FL>
<FL val="Roles"><![CDATA[Consultant, 93327000000068819, Administrative Officer, Application Developer, Business Analyst, Change Manager, Business Development, Chief Technology Officer, Chief Information Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Data Analyst, Director, IT Manager, Implementation Mgr, Functional Analyst, PMO Manager, Other, Network Admin, Portfolio Manager, Program Manager, Project Admin, Project Manager (Jnr), Project Lead, Project Director, Project Manager (Mid), Project Manager (Snr/Principal), Project Officer, Project Scheduler, Service Delivery Mgr, Release Manager, Quality Manager, Solutions Architect, Systems / Technical Analyst, Systems Administrator, Technical Support, Technical Architect, Systems Engineer, Test Analyst, Test Manager]]></FL>
<FL val="Role (if "Other")"><![CDATA[Role_other]]></FL>
<FL val="Industries"><![CDATA[93327000000068909, 93327000000070037, Aviation, Consulting, Contact Centres, Construction / Engineering, Council, Defense, Education, Energy, Finance/Banking, Gaming, Government, Health / Medical, Hospitality, ICT, Insurance, Manufacturing, Media, Mining, Other, Rail, Retail, Phamacetical, Telecommunications, Transportation, Utilities]]></FL><FL val="Expected Rate/Salary"><![CDATA[147852369]]></FL>
<FL val="Qualifications, Credentials, Memberships"><![CDATA[93327000000068871, 93327000000101075, AABA Membership, Agile PM Certification, AIPM   Membership, CMI Membership, Degree, IIBA Membership, ITIL, Masters Degree, MBA, MSP, PMI Membership, PMP, PRINCE2, RegPM]]></FL>
<FL val="Additional Information"><![CDATA[addational_information_goes_here]]></FL>
<FL val="Attach resume" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q69pGZ2uc5*.nlcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[sampleresume.txt]]></FL>
<FL val="Photo (for CV)" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q685xDP3Iw.5GlcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[microsoft-gold-partner.png]]></FL>
<FL val="Candidate status"><![CDATA[New]]></FL></row></Candidates></result></response>

A: SimpleXML (usually built into PHP 5) or any of the other XML libraries listed in the PHP manual should help you out.

A: Note that I changed <FL val="Role (if "Other")"> to <FL val="Role (if "Other")"> in order to be well-formed XML:
<?php

$result = <<<HERE
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<response uri="/ats/private/xml/Candidates/getRecords">
<result>
<Candidates>
<row no="1">
<FL val="RESUMEID"><![CDATA[93327000000109297]]></FL>
<FL val="Modified by"><![CDATA[Not specified]]></FL>
<FL val="Modified time"><![CDATA[Yesterday]]></FL>
<FL val="Candidate ID"><![CDATA[677]]></FL>
<FL val="First name"><![CDATA[TEst1]]></FL>
<FL val="Last name"><![CDATA[TEst2]]></FL>
<FL val="Residental Address"><![CDATA[TESTing res address]]></FL>
<FL val="Email ID"><![CDATA[test1@email.com]]></FL>
<FL val="Mobile Phone"><![CDATA[123456789]]></FL>
<FL val="Created On"><![CDATA[Yesterday]]></FL>
<FL val="Owner"><![CDATA[0]]></FL>
<FL val="Source"><![CDATA[Embed]]></FL>
<FL val="Employment Preference"><![CDATA[Contract (Full Time), Permanent (Full Time), Contract (Part Time), Permanent (Part Time)]]></FL>
<FL val="Cover Letter" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q68UOoUiAiY8ElcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[samplecoverletter.txt]]></FL>
<FL val="Total work exp (year)"><![CDATA[10]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Role"><![CDATA[Administrative Officer]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Role if Other"><![CDATA[current_role_if_other]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Employer/Customer"><![CDATA[Current_employer_name]]></FL>
<FL val="Skill sets"><![CDATA[skill_sets_goes_here]]></FL>
<FL val="Roles"><![CDATA[Consultant, 93327000000068819, Administrative Officer, Application Developer, Business Analyst, Change Manager, Business Development, Chief Technology Officer, Chief Information Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Data Analyst, Director, IT Manager, Implementation Mgr, Functional Analyst, PMO Manager, Other, Network Admin, Portfolio Manager, Program Manager, Project Admin, Project Manager (Jnr), Project Lead, Project Director, Project Manager (Mid), Project Manager (Snr/Principal), Project Officer, Project Scheduler, Service Delivery Mgr, Release Manager, Quality Manager, Solutions Architect, Systems / Technical Analyst, Systems Administrator, Technical Support, Technical Architect, Systems Engineer, Test Analyst, Test Manager]]></FL>
<FL val="Role (if "Other")"><![CDATA[Role_other]]></FL>
<FL val="Industries"><![CDATA[93327000000068909, 93327000000070037, Aviation, Consulting, Contact Centres, Construction / Engineering, Council, Defense, Education, Energy, Finance/Banking, Gaming, Government, Health / Medical, Hospitality, ICT, Insurance, Manufacturing, Media, Mining, Other, Rail, Retail, Phamacetical, Telecommunications, Transportation, Utilities]]></FL><FL val="Expected Rate/Salary"><![CDATA[147852369]]></FL>
<FL val="Qualifications, Credentials, Memberships"><![CDATA[93327000000068871, 93327000000101075, AABA Membership, Agile PM Certification, AIPM   Membership, CMI Membership, Degree, IIBA Membership, ITIL, Masters Degree, MBA, MSP, PMI Membership, PMP, PRINCE2, RegPM]]></FL>
<FL val="Additional Information"><![CDATA[addational_information_goes_here]]></FL>
<FL val="Attach resume" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q69pGZ2uc5*.nlcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[sampleresume.txt]]></FL>
<FL val="Photo (for CV)" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q685xDP3Iw.5GlcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[microsoft-gold-partner.png]]></FL>
<FL val="Candidate status"><![CDATA[New]]></FL></row></Candidates></result></response>
HERE;

// First deal with problem with Simple XML and CDATA
$sxo = simplexml_load_string($result, null, LIBXML_NOCDATA);

// Use these two lines instead of the above line if you are forced to use PHP < 5.1.0 or LibXML < 2.6.0
// $result = preg_replace("/\<\!\[CDATA\[(.*?)\]\]\>/ies", 'htmlspecialchars("$1")', $result);
// $sxo = simplexml_load_string($result);

// Find First name
$fn = $sxo->xpath('//FL[@val="First name"]');

// Set the child content
$fn[0][0] = "Here's a new name";

// Show XML
print_r(htmlentities($sxo->asXML()));

?>

A: Using SimpleXML you have the XML as Object and can iterate over the entities:
$test = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<response uri="/ats/private/xml/Candidates/getRecords">
<result>
<Candidates>
<row no="1">
<FL val="RESUMEID"><![CDATA[93327000000109297]]></FL>
<FL val="Modified by"><![CDATA[Not specified]]></FL>
<FL val="Modified time"><![CDATA[Yesterday]]></FL>
<FL val="Candidate ID"><![CDATA[677]]></FL>
<FL val="First name"><![CDATA[TEst1]]></FL>
<FL val="Last name"><![CDATA[TEst2]]></FL>
<FL val="Residental Address"><![CDATA[TESTing res address]]></FL>
<FL val="Email ID"><![CDATA[test1@email.com]]></FL>
<FL val="Mobile Phone"><![CDATA[123456789]]></FL>
<FL val="Created On"><![CDATA[Yesterday]]></FL>
<FL val="Owner"><![CDATA[0]]></FL>
<FL val="Source"><![CDATA[Embed]]></FL>
<FL val="Employment Preference"><![CDATA[Contract (Full Time), Permanent (Full Time), Contract (Part Time), Permanent (Part Time)]]></FL>
<FL val="Cover Letter" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q68UOoUiAiY8ElcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[samplecoverletter.txt]]></FL>
<FL val="Total work exp (year)"><![CDATA[10]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Role"><![CDATA[Administrative Officer]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Role if Other"><![CDATA[current_role_if_other]]></FL>
<FL val="Current Employe Customer"><![CDATA[Current_employer_name]]></FL>
<FL val="Skill sets"><![CDATA[skill_sets_goes_here]]></FL>
<FL val="Roles"><![CDATA[Consultant, 93327000000068819, Administrative Officer, Application Developer, Business Analyst, Change Manager, Business Development, Chief Technology Officer, Chief Information Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Data Analyst, Director, IT Manager, Implementation Mgr, Functional Analyst, PMO Manager, Other, Network Admin, Portfolio Manager, Program Manager, Project Admin, Project Manager (Jnr), Project Lead, Project Director, Project Manager (Mid), Project Manager (Snr/Principal), Project Officer, Project Scheduler, Service Delivery Mgr, Release Manager, Quality Manager, Solutions Architect, Systems / Technical Analyst, Systems Administrator, Technical Support, Technical Architect, Systems Engineer, Test Analyst, Test Manager]]></FL>
<FL val="Role (if Other)"><![CDATA[Role_other]]></FL>
<FL val="Industries"><![CDATA[93327000000068909, 93327000000070037, Aviation, Consulting, Contact Centres, Construction / Engineering, Council, Defense, Education, Energy, Finance/Banking, Gaming, Government, Health / Medical, Hospitality, ICT, Insurance, Manufacturing, Media, Mining, Other, Rail, Retail, Phamacetical, Telecommunications, Transportation, Utilities]]></FL><FL val="Expected Rate/Salary"><![CDATA[147852369]]></FL>
<FL val="Qualifications, Credentials, Memberships"><![CDATA[93327000000068871, 93327000000101075, AABA Membership, Agile PM Certification, AIPM   Membership, CMI Membership, Degree, IIBA Membership, ITIL, Masters Degree, MBA, MSP, PMI Membership, PMP, PRINCE2, RegPM]]></FL>
<FL val="Additional Information"><![CDATA[addational_information_goes_here]]></FL>
<FL val="Attach resume" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q69pGZ2uc5*.nlcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[sampleresume.txt]]></FL>
<FL val="Photo (for CV)" type="url" url="https://recruit.zoho.com/ats/viewPhoto?filename=tVmTJJk2PIGQSgJSgY2fTzZfMgYE*W1ZBQ.KWiE6q685xDP3Iw.5GlcJtvxybS4bvD4mCWuA8aE-"><![CDATA[microsoft-gold-partner.png]]></FL>
<FL val="Candidate status"><![CDATA[New]]></FL>
</row>
</Candidates>
</result>
</response>';

$xml = simplexml_load_string($test, null, LIBXML_NOCDATA);

foreach($xml->result->Candidates as $candidate){
    foreach($candidate->row->FL as $FL){
        print "Attributes:\n";
        foreach($FL->attributes() as $attribute => $value){
            print $attribute .':'.$value."\n";
        }
        print "Value:\n";
        print (string)$FL."\n";
    }
}

A: It depends on how you want to do this. You can do it server-side or you can do it using javascript. In case of server side, you can try doing it by using PHP..here is an article about it. In javascript, you do it by opening the xml file and then calling the XMLhttprequest to retrieve access to the DOM elements in the XML file :
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();//for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
else
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");//for IE

xmlhttp.open("GET","your_file.xml",false);
xmlhttp.send();
xmlDoc=xmlhttp.responseXML;

That code above will open the XML file and the XML file will send a response containing the DOM info of the file back to xmlDoc..
Why dont you show what you have done so far since we can help you better that way

A: Use this code
function xml2array($contents, $get_attributes=1, $priority = 'tag') {
    if(!$contents) return array();

    if(!function_exists('xml_parser_create')) {
        //print "'xml_parser_create()' function not found!";
        return array();
    }

    //Get the XML parser of PHP - PHP must have this module for the parser to work
    $parser = xml_parser_create('');
    xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_TARGET_ENCODING, "UTF-8"); # http://minutillo.com/steve/weblog/2004/6/17/php-xml-and-character-encodings-a-tale-of-sadness-rage-and-data-loss
    xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 0);
    xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_SKIP_WHITE, 1);
    xml_parse_into_struct($parser, trim($contents), $xml_values);
    xml_parser_free($parser);

    if(!$xml_values) return; //Hmm...

    //Initializations
    $xml_array = array();
    $parents = array();
    $opened_tags = array();
    $arr = array();

    $current = &$xml_array; //Refference

    //Go through the tags.
    $repeated_tag_index = array(); //Multiple tags with same name will be turned into an array
    foreach($xml_values as $data) {
        unset($attributes,$value); //Remove existing values, or there will be trouble

        //This command will extract these variables into the foreach scope
        // tag(string), type(string), level(int), attributes(array).
        extract($data); //We could use the array by itself, but this cooler.

        $result = array();
        $attributes_data = array();

        if(isset($value)) {
            if($priority == 'tag') $result = $value;
            else $result['value'] = $value; //Put the value in a assoc array if we are in the 'Attribute' mode
        }

        //Set the attributes too.
        if(isset($attributes) and $get_attributes) {
            foreach($attributes as $attr => $val) {
                if($priority == 'tag') $attributes_data[$attr] = $val;
                else $result['attr'][$attr] = $val; //Set all the attributes in a array called 'attr'
            }
        }

        //See tag status and do the needed.
        if($type == "open") { //The starting of the tag ''
            $parent[$level-1] = &$current;
            if(!is_array($current) or (!in_array($tag, array_keys($current)))) { //Insert New tag
                $current[$tag] = $result;
                if($attributes_data) $current[$tag. '_attr'] = $attributes_data;
                $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level] = 1;

                $current = &$current[$tag];

            } else { //There was another element with the same tag name

            if(isset($current[$tag][0])) { //If there is a 0th element it is already an array
                $current[$tag][$repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level]] = $result;
                $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level]++;
            } else { //This section will make the value an array if multiple tags with the same name appear together
                $current[$tag] = array($current[$tag],$result);//This will combine the existing item and the new item together to make an array
                $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level] = 2;

                if(isset($current[$tag.'_attr'])) { //The attribute of the last(0th) tag must be moved as well
                    $current[$tag]['0_attr'] = $current[$tag.'_attr'];
                    unset($current[$tag.'_attr']);
                }

            }
            $last_item_index = $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level]-1;
            $current = &$current[$tag][$last_item_index];
        }

    } elseif($type == "complete") { //Tags that ends in 1 line ''
        //See if the key is already taken.
        if(!isset($current[$tag])) { //New Key
        $current[$tag] = $result;
        $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level] = 1;
        if($priority == 'tag' and $attributes_data) $current[$tag. '_attr'] = $attributes_data;

        } else { //If taken, put all things inside a list(array)
            if(isset($current[$tag][0]) and is_array($current[$tag])) { //If it is already an array...

            // ...push the new element into that array.
            $current[$tag][$repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level]] = $result;

            if($priority == 'tag' and $get_attributes and $attributes_data) {
                $current[$tag][$repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level] . '_attr'] = $attributes_data;
            }
            $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level]++;

            } else { //If it is not an array...
                $current[$tag] = array($current[$tag],$result); //...Make it an array using using the existing value and the new value
                $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level] = 1;
                if($priority == 'tag' and $get_attributes) {
                    if(isset($current[$tag.'_attr'])) { //The attribute of the last(0th) tag must be moved as well

                    $current[$tag]['0_attr'] = $current[$tag.'_attr'];
                    unset($current[$tag.'_attr']);
                }

                if($attributes_data) {
                    $current[$tag][$repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level] . '_attr'] = $attributes_data;
                    }
                }
                $repeated_tag_index[$tag.'_'.$level]++; //0 and 1 index is already taken
                }
            }
        } elseif($type == 'close') { //End of tag ''
        $current = &$parent[$level-1];
        }
    }
    return($xml_array);
}


text:
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Native American Superheroes Get a Chance to Fly
Also on Arizona Spotlight: Education funding changed by Prop 123; meet library writer-in-residence Adrienne Celt, former UA student goes for gold at the Olympics.
by Mark McLemore TWEET SHARE
An image from "Tribal Force", the nation's first all Native American superhero comic book.
Featured on the August 5th, 2016 edition of ARIZONA SPOTLIGHT with host Mark McLemore:
As Arizona students head back to school, many of their teachers should be seeing salary increases due to the voter approval of Prop 123 last May. Christopher Conover reports on how the process is going...
Kate Hennessey (L) consults with Pima County Public Library writer-in-residence Adrienne Celt (R) about her in-progress novel.
Mamta Popat / Arizona Daily Star
In 2015, author Adrienne Celt's debut novel The Daughters received critical acclaim, and was named one of the best books of the year by NPR. This summer, Celt is writer-in-residence at the Pima County Public Library. Mark spends a busy afternoon with Celt at the Himmel Park branch, while she consults with local authors about their work, and offers free advice on getting published... Click here for Adrienne Celt's library schedule, or to register for one of Pima County Public Library's Fall Writing Workshop series.
Bryn Bailer profiles Jon Proudstar, a Tucson-based actor, writer & artist who is giving Native American heroes a chance to fly in a comic book called Tribal Force that defies industry stereotypes... (Tribal Force artwork by Austin Brooks)
Michael Meyer represents his home nation of South Africa in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
And, Mark talks with Michael Meyer, a former University of Arizona student who is now in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to represent his home nation of South Africa in the summer Olympic Games...
ARIZONA SPOTLIGHT airs every Friday at 8:30 am and 6:00 pm, and every Saturday at 5:00 pm, on NPR 89.1 FM / 1550 AM.
MORE: Arizona, Arts and Life, Books, Native American, People and Places, Tucson, University of Arizona
Native Americans Still Face Obstacles to Voting Access Arizona Tribes in Solidarity over Stopping North Dakota Pipeline Meet Marshall Flippo, an 89-Year-Old Square Dance Caller Who Still Loves His Work
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America is a beer-drinking country -- we consume about 10 times as much per capita as wine -- but you'd never know it from the state of beer-related journalism. Most newspapers have a wine columnist, but few have a part-timer for beer; the New York Times turns to its wine writer, Eric Asimov, for the occasional write-up. That's not to say there aren't great beer writers, or great beer magazines, books, and blogs. But compared with wine, they're few and far between -- and, to put it as kindly as possible, not exactly aimed at the mainstream, non-beer-obsessed public.
This is a problem, especially during the current craft-beer renaissance. Newcomers to wine can follow a reliable guide like Asimov or the Wall Street Journal's Lettie Teague; good luck finding their equivalents (i.e., deeply knowledgeable but layman-accessible) in the world of beer. And while it's possible to find entire shelves of authoritative books on the Napa wine scene or the history of cabernet sauvignon, anyone looking for a comparable resource on brown ales or wet-hopping will find, at best, an ever-changing Wikipedia page.
Which is why the Oxford Companion to Beer was so highly anticipated in the months leading up to its publication -- and why it has been so viciously criticized upon its arrival. Edited by Garrett Oliver, the brewmaster at the Brooklyn Brewery, the book includes more than 1,100 entries by 166 contributors, covering everything from acrospires (the tiny sprouts that grow out of grain seeds) to the Zatec hop region in the western Czech Republic. Like other books in the Oxford University Press "companion" series, this is decidedly not encyclopedic: As Oliver makes clear in the introduction, while this is arguably the most comprehensive book on beer, it is by no means all-encompassing.
Nevertheless, online critics have made an intramural sport of identifying the book's omissions. There's no entry on Oregon's Deschutes Brewery, nor is there one for Avery or Stone, all three of them powerhouse craft breweries. Such absences would matter more if the book pretended to objective universality; as a companion guided by Oliver's subjective perspective, their absences are points for debate. Deschutes makes great beer, but is it important enough to the history and culture of beer that it warrants its own entry? Reasonable people can disagree, but Oliver clearly doesn't think so. The book, already 920 pages long, can only be so big.
More trenchant criticisms have come in the form of attacks on the Companion's accuracy, often under breathless headlines like "The Oxford Companion to Beer: Juggernaut or Dud?" and "A Dreadful Disaster?" There's even an unofficial Wiki for errata and clarifications. Many of the critics, like the British beer writer Martyn Cornell (who is, awkwardly, a contributor to the book), really know their stuff, and have identified several mistakes. Some of them are quibbles with language, some are outright errors.
Except for baseball fans, few groups get as worked up over details as beer geeks, so I'll set aside the relative importance of such errors to others. Cornell clearly thinks they matter; he nearly has a coronary while writing that "the lack of proper research shown by even the small number of examples I've quoted here, and the repetition of inaccuracies that they represent, threaten to wipe out much or all of the advances that have been made over the past 10 or so years in getting the history of beer into proper, accurately researched shape." (Presumably he doesn't mean the entries he wrote himself.) But what I find striking is how relatively few errors have been identified in the weeks since the book has been out. The Wiki has only about 40 entries, and most of them deal with matters of interpretation. In a book that may have upwards of 100,000 factual statements in it, the presence of a few dozen errors, while regrettable, is pretty impressive.
It's a shame that would-be critics have spent their entire time fact-checking the precise rules of the Royal Court's brewing guidelines under Henry VIII (subject of one catch), because they've overlooked the achievement of the book as a whole -- though, given their vehemence, it's a good bet they weren't going to give it a chance in any case. Thoroughly illustrated and beautifully typeset, the book is precisely what a companion should be: an engaging, subjective, erudite guide to the interested novice and, at the same time, a quick reference for the initiated. As a dedicated drinker all but ignorant of the chemistry behind brewing, I feel I've already learned a lot -- and I've only read through the five entries that start with "acid-."
One thing lacking in the Oxford Companion to Beer is any guidance on where to actually find the stuff. Fortunately, Christian DeBenedetti provides a useful, if necessarily incomplete, guide in his The Great American Ale Trail (for which Oliver somehow found the time to write the preface). A young and talented beer journalist, DeBenedetti provides extensive descriptions of beer bars, stores, breweries, brewpubs, and restaurants with extensive beer lists (11 Madison Park, one of Manhattan's toniest eateries, also boasts one of the country's best beer inventories). Tucked between are travel itineraries, regional overviews, and general musings about the culture of beer in America. What could have been a dry mash note to the nation's beer havens is, in DeBenedetti's hands, a fluid, entertaining handbook.
That said, like any travel book, this one is defined and thus limited by DeBenedetti's interests and experience. Anyone who picks up the The Great American Ale Trail can think of a bar that was wrongfully overlooked. Them's the breaks: this is a guide, not a directory. Still, it's frustrating to see large swaths of the country left out completely. Yes, the best bars and breweries may be in Oregon, Colorado, and New York, and they deserve coverage. Then again, anyone passingly familiar with craft beer will know that if you find yourself in Bend, you absolutely have to visit Deschutes. How many know, on the other hand, that Wilmington, North Carolina, has a robust beer-bar scene?
There are also some suspiciously impersonal write-ups of several out-of-DeBenedetti's-way spots, which make a reader wonder if he actually visited them in person. His sole entry for Tennessee is the Yazoo Brewing Co., with a fine and fun taproom that he mistakenly says is open just for growler fills (that's only true on Wednesday; Thursday through Saturday it's open for pints). He also implies that Sue -- Yazoo's sublime, 9-percent-ABV smoked imperial porter -- is available on site; in fact, because Tennessee law restricts the sale of beers about 6.25 percent ABV to liquor stores, you won't find it at Yazoo. You also won't find DeBenedetti discussing any of Nashville's other great breweries and bars, including Blackstone and Boscos, both of which boast chestfuls of beer-festival medals.
One could argue that, as nice of a beer city as Nashville is, it simply doesn't stand up to the likes of Brooklyn or Boulder. And that would be right -- all the more reason it should be more thoroughly covered in DeBenedetti's book than it is. You can't swing a hipster in Williamsburg without hitting a bar with a decent row of taps. But even a connoisseur might need help finding a good list in Carolina Beach, North Carolina, a town left out of The Great American Ale Trail (check out the Fat Pelican, which has a self-serve walk-in fridge full of craft beers).
In other words, DeBenedetti and Oliver's books are similarly incomplete, yet still impressive in their overall depth and scope. More exciting, still, is that their success opens the door to future beer books that might drill down on, say, the top 50 American breweries or the best watering holes in the Southeast. Beer writing may be empty territory, but don't expect the drought to last.