text:
Q: Подключение по websocket Не могу подключиться по вебсокету на свой сервер на собственный порт http://localhost:1100
после 10 секундного ожидания выдает ошибку в консоли браузера
'wss://tel.buy-tires.ru:1100/' failed: Error in connection establishment: net::ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT

код javascript
<script>
            var socket= new WebSocket('ws://tel.buy-tires.ru:1100/');
            socket.onopen = function() {
              console.log("Соединение установлено.");
            };
        </script>

на сервере стоит сокет сервер на порту 1100.
если прослушать все порты командой sudo lsof -i то выдает
TCP localhost:1100 (LISTEN)

пробовал настраивать nginx
location /ws/ {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:1100;
    proxy_http_version 1.1;
    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

}

сокет клиенты, запущенные на этом сервере отлично общаются с сокет сервером на  ip localhost порту 1100
я попросил админа открыть порт 1100 на pfsense - открыли.
в командной строке windows запущенной от администратора через telnet прослушивал порт 80 - соединение устанавливается, а вот на 1100 залезть не может. Я впервые сталкиваюсь с настройками такого рода, прочитал много статей - собственно все действия которые я проделал от туда взяты. Как дальше быть не знаю.
17,08,2017
Благодаря @D-side понял почему не мог прослушивать входящие извне соединения, потому что обращался не потому адресу, а мне в соответствии с настройками nginx надо было обращаться к
 var socket= new WebSocket('ws://tel.buy-tires.ru/ws/');

теперь сервер видит что идет подключение к сокету, но почему то браузерный websocket не видит сообщения, которое я закладываю в буфер сокета - ответа от сервера в виде http заголовка - после долгого ожидания к нему приходит заголовок сформированный nginx код 502, хотя я ему отсылаю 101
также мне не нужны подмененные nginx ом подмененные ВХОДЯЩИЕ заголовки, поэтому упростил настройки до
location /ws/ {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:1100;
}

причем когда вырубаю сокет сервер, вебсокет, ждущий ответа - тут же реагирует что соединение разорвано

A: На то чтобы установить соединение браузера с web-socket-server ом у меня ушла неделя по 8 часов в день, потому что с этим ни разу не сталкивался. И в помощь таким же как я приведу те открытия которые не новичкам очевидны, а впервые столкнувшимся в помощь и понимание.
1 Не надо заморачиваться с портами сервера, особенно с фаэрволами. Достаточно socket-server у указать какой порт вы хотите открыть на loopback, он же localhos, он же 127.0.0.1.
Важно : порты с 1 по 1024 зарезервированы ОС - их лучше не трогать. В вашем распоряжении соответственно с 1025 по 65500 порты
2 Настройки Nginx должны быть минимальными
#обязательно пробел между словом и скобкой
server {
   # череда настроек вашего сервера
   # ---------------------------
   # вписываем настройки для работы с сокет-сервером с поддержкой web-sockets
   # вы можете написать вместо /ws/ все что пожелаете, лишь бы обратиться
   # по java-script у
   location /ws/ {
      # соединяем порт, открытый по localhos(доступный только внутри)
      # с внешним миром (я использовал в данном примере порт 1100)
      # если у вас вырублен сокет сервер и процесс на порту не висит
      # то никто не подключится к этому порту
      proxy_pass http://localhost:1100;
      # если вы хотите чтобы соединение не разрывалось - выставите время
      # в секундах - у меня 10 часовой рабочий день 60*60*10
      proxy_read_timeout 36000;
   }
   # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
}

по сути всего 3 основные строчки
location /ws/ {
   proxy_pass http://localhost:1100;
}

Важные правила :
после сохранения конфига,
чтобы убедиться что вы не накосячили в синтаксисе конфига nginx - выполните команду в консоли
sudo nginx -t

если пишет ok то перезапуск nginx
sudo nginx -s reload

Собственно этого достаточно чтобы принимать входящие сигналы из интернета
Если у вас ошибка 500 в браузере в консоли, то вы не на тот адрес в интернете стучитесь.
Смею заметить, если у вас в браузере пишет ошибку  502, 301, 302, 200, то это некорректный код в сокет-сервере, он же web-socket-server.
В данном случае начните с малого - отправьте браузеру заголовок и проверьте кодировку - только UTF-8 можно и без BOM
//$command = 'HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols' . PHP_EOL;
//это неправильная команда - потому что для HTTP обязателен символ
//переноса карретки
//$command = 'HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\n\r';
//это тоже неправильно! из за этого я убил пару дней, а все почему?
// \n\r в одинарных ковычках читаются как текст!!!, а нужно как спецсимволы
//вот теперь правильно и у вас все получиться
$command = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\n\r";
socket_write( $client, $command);

если после этого браузер будет ругаться на что то другое, то вы на правильном пути и уже отправили браузеру 101 код ответа! Рекомендую также смотреть какие заголовки ваш сокет сервер отправляет.
Пишите сюда свои наблюдения...

это из браузера Google-Chrome из раздела Network (чтобы включить - нажми F12 и перейди по вкладке Network и обнови страницу)
Бывает так, что вы некорректно закрыли порт, т.е. вы хотите вновь запустить сокет сервер, а консоль вам пишет - этот порт уже используется.
Для того чтобы посмотреть какой процесс использует этот порт запустите команду
lsof -i tcp:1100

в моем случае я прослушиваю 1100 порт

и чтобы освободить порт вбиваем команду
sudo kill -9 13905

В моем случае 13905 - PID серверного процесса, висящего на процессоре сервера и использующий порт, в моем случае это порт 1100
параметр -9 означает что мы отсылаем команду на процессор убить процесс
Для простоты завершения работы сервера я использую сокет-клиент с командой выключения сокет сервера.
Для того чтобы полностью установить соединение с браузером по web-socket у вам необходимо отправить на запрос от браузера http заголовок с исчерпывающей для браузера информацией
а именно
$command = 'HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols' . PHP_EOL
 .'Upgrade: websocket' . PHP_EOL
 .'Connection: Upgrade' . PHP_EOL
 .'Sec-WebSocket-Accept: '.$responce_key . PHP_EOL
 .'Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13' . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
socket_write( $client, $command);

Как сформировать зашифрованный $responce_key ?
Ответ :
Для этого вам надо взять из заголовка "Sec-WebSocket-Key: \n\r" http запроса - ключ, который вам посылает web-socket и обработать его функцией
function getWebSocketAccept( $key )
{
    $guid = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11';
    $sec_websocket_accept = $key . $guid;
    $sec_websocket_accept = sha1($sec_websocket_accept, true);
    return base64_encode($sec_websocket_accept);
}

И тогда наверняка, вдруг запляшут "облака" :)
Что бы web-socket-server смог вообще что либо понять, какую информацию ему отсылает браузер, после успешного "рукопожатия" веб-сокет-серверу необходимо будет раскодировать сообщение, а чтобы браузер понимал что прислал ему web-socket-server, данные должны поступать в закодированном виде.
Функции(требуют проверки)
/**
     * Декодирование строки
     *
     * @param string $str
     * @param boolean $message_only
     * @return array | string
     */
    function decode($str, $message_only = false)
    {
        /* Разбираем заголовок */
        $header = unpack("n", $str)[1];         /* Рапаковываем первые 16 бит, порядок байт «big endian», т.к. сетевой протокол */
        $data = [];
        $data['fin']            = (bool) (($header >> (16 - 1))  & 0b1);        /* Финальный фрейм. Если сообщение нефрагмантированное, то всегда 1, если фрагмантированно, то у последнего 1 у остальных 0 */
        $data['rsv1']           = (bool) (($header >> (16 - 2))  & 0b1);        /* Флаги RSV1, RSV2, RSV3 служат для расширений протокола, почти всегда в false */
        $data['rsv2']           = (bool) (($header >> (16 - 3))  & 0b1);
        $data['rsv3']           = (bool) (($header >> (16 - 4))  & 0b1);
        $data['opcode']         = (int)  (($header >> (16 - 8))  & 0b1111);     /* Тип фрейма */
        $data['is_mask']        = (bool) (($header >> (16 - 9))  & 0b1);        /* Замаскированы ли фреймы */
        $data['length_prev']    = (int)  (($header >> (16 - 16)) & 0b1111111);  /* Предварительная длина фрейма */

        /* Определяем тип фрейма */
        $data['type'] = $this->_get_type_frame($data['opcode']);

        /* Определяем длину фрейма */
        if ($data['length_prev'] < 126)
        {
            $data['length'] = $data['length_prev'];
        }
        elseif ($data['length_prev'] === 126)
        {
            $data['length'] = unpack("x2/n", $str)[1];
        }
        elseif ($data['length_prev'] > 126)
        {
//          $data['length'] = unpack("x2/J", $str)[1];
            $data['length'] = unpack("x2/x4/N", $str)[1];
        }

        /* Маска */
        if ($data['is_mask'])
        {
            if ($data['length_prev'] < 126)
            {
                $mask = substr($str, 2, 4);
            }
            elseif ($data['length_prev'] === 126)
            {
                $mask = substr($str, 2 + 2, 4);
            }
            elseif ($data['length_prev'] > 126)
            {
                $mask = substr($str, 2 + 8, 4);
            }
        }

        /* Тело запроса */
        $message_start = 2;
        if ($data['length_prev'] < 126)
        {

        }
        elseif ($data['length_prev'] === 126)
        {
            $message_start += 2;
        }
        elseif ($data['length_prev'] > 126)
        {
            $message_start += 8;
        }

        if ($data['is_mask'])
        {
            $message_start += 4;
        }
        $data['message_start'] = $message_start;

        $message = substr($str, $message_start, $data['length']);

        /* Размаскируем сообщение */
        if ($data['is_mask'])
        {
            $length = strlen($message);

            for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
            {
                $message[$i] = $message[$i] ^ $mask[$i % 4];
            }
        }

        $data['message'] = $message;

        /* Возвращаем сообщение */
        if ($message_only === false)
        {
            return $data;
        }
        else
        {
            return $data['message'];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Закодировать строку
     *
     * @param string $str
     * @param boolean $is_mask
     * @return string
     */
    function encode($str, $is_mask = false)
    {
        $bin = "";

        /* Основные флаги */
        $data =
        [
            "fin" => 0b1,
            "rsv1" => 0b0,
            "rsv2" => 0b0,
            "rsv3" => 0b0,
            "opcode" => 0x1,
            "is_mask" => $is_mask === true ? 0b1 : 0b0,
            "length" => strlen($str)
        ];

        /* Предварительная длина */
        if ($data['length'] < 126)
        {
            $data['length_prev'] = $data['length'];
        }
        elseif ($data['length'] < 65536)
        {
            $data['length_prev'] = 126;
        }
        else
        {
            $data['length_prev'] = 127;
        }

        /* Заголовок */
        $header = $data['fin'];
        $header = $header << 1 | $data['rsv1'];
        $header = $header << 1 | $data['rsv2'];
        $header = $header << 1 | $data['rsv3'];
        $header = $header << 4 | $data['opcode'];
        $header = $header << 1 | $data['is_mask'];
        $header = $header << 7 | $data['length_prev'];
        $bin .= pack("n", $header);

        /* Расширенная длина тела */
        if ($data['length_prev'] === 126)
        {
            $bin .= pack("n", $data['length']);
        }
        elseif ($data['length_prev'] > 126)
        {
            $bin .= pack("x4N", $data['length']);
        }

        /* Маскировать сообщение */
        if ($is_mask)
        {
            $mask = substr(md5(microtime()), 0, 4);
            $bin .= $mask;

            $length = strlen($str);
            for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
            {
                $str[$i] = $str[$i] ^ $mask[$i % 4];
            }
        }

        $bin .= $str;

        return $bin;
    }

A: Попробуйте например socket.io для nodejs(https://socket.io/) или ratchet для php(http://socketo.me/)
На мой взгляд вы в дебрях epoll c++.
С помощью представленных мной инструментов можно с легкостью за 1-30мин установить соединение 101 браузера с сервером
причем когда вырубаю сокет сервер, вебсокет, ждущий ответа - тут же реагирует что соединение разорвано - так и должно быть.
Сокет можно представить себе как вилку воткнутую в розетку.
Исключая из цепи вилку или розетку вы нарушите цепь.
В программировании сокетов аналогично, если уронить серверную часть, то получите ошибку соединения на клиентской стороне(т.е. клиентская часть будет искать узел)
Если уроните клиентскую, то сервер принимает событие дисконекта от клиента(на это событие можно отключать клиентов)

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text:
Twitter: @Marshtita
Isabel earned a B.A. in Political Science from University de Los Andes of Colombia (2008), and has a Master's Degree in Development Studies, with emphasis on conflict and peace building from the Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies, Switzerland (2015). Her focus is on the impact of drug policies on rural development, public health, and armed conflict. She is currently a principal investigator in the Drug Policy line at the Center for the Study of Law, Justice and Society (Dejusticia), with special emphasis on access to controlled drugs and palliative care, and the implications of the peace process for drug policies in Colombia.
Previously, Isabel worked as a professional of international cooperation projects for development in conflict zones in Colombia and as adviser to the national government in multilateral negotiation.
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text:
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2020-11-04 Raoul Popdemocracy, election, united states 2 Comments
Every time an election cycle draws near, I promise myself not to be drawn into it, but I always get too involved and it inevitably ruins my balance. Here are a few thoughts on what's going on, before the election is called.
There's an incredible amount of manipulation going on in the media. In the past, I'd always wonder why filthy rich businessmen would bother acquiring media companies, especially because they always bleed cash, but now I know it's because they love to manipulate the public into believing certain narratives, especially when it suits their futures. The current flavor of the narrative is leftist and quite heavily so. Whatever the left's selling, the mainstream media will flog, all day long. Having grown up in a Communist regime, I naturally abhor the left, but entitled, coddled American teens and youth have been brainwashed by top-ranking schools and colleges to believe that it's a good thing, and that's a sickening prospect.
There's an unheard of amount of censorship in social media against anything that threatens the leftist agenda. I could not believe it when I could not post a link to the Hunter Biden stories on Twitter and on Facebook, and when the accounts of the NY Post and the White House Press Secretary were locked out, I knew social media companies had crossed the line. Apparently YouTube has been cutting off Partner status for certain conservatives or simply removing their accounts. I talked about the leftist leanings of big tech back in June, but I had no idea things would go so far, so quickly, that open censorship of official newspapers and official government accounts would occur on the eve of a presidential election.
There's an unbelievable amount of voter fraud going on, and most, if not all of it, is being perpetrated by the Democratic Party. From illegal signs at voting stations and coaching of the voters, to countless ballots making their way into the hands of bad players, and the destruction of ballots found to be marked for Republican candidates, the Democrats are guilty of all of it. Just do a few simple searches and you'll see plenty of proof.
Just as in the 2016 election, the public has been presented with two choices of candidates that are unlikable. On the one hand, we have Trump. I'm not sure what I could say about him that hasn't been said already. I didn't like him before he ever got into politics. I didn't like his business practices and I didn't like the debts he'd built up over the years. He was held up as a model American businessman through the 90s, 00s and 10s, and I kept wondering how that was possible given his business record and mountains of debt. I couldn't understand the whole birth certificate controversy with Obama and I couldn't understand why he got into politics. Right up to this year, I couldn't stand the guy. But as the election drew near and I began to compare him with Biden and to look into what he's accomplished while in office, he suddenly became more pallatable, because…
Biden is quite likely a "treasonous pedophile", as he's been described in the past few days. I'd add pathological liar and senile to that description. (Let's not mince words here…) In spite of the narrative being put forth by the media, the proof is clear that he used his son and his political position to arrange large payouts from foreign governments. That's at least corruption, if not treason. And every time I watch those video clips of him grabbing little children, pulling them toward him, sniffing them and whispering stuff into their ears as he's forcing them to listen, there's an inescapable gut feeling that comes over me, and that gut feeling screams "pedophile". There are many videos of him lying through his teeth during his long and unproductive career in politics. Hell, he was even forced to withdraw from a previous presidential election because it was discovered that he plagiarized and lied his way through it. As if all this wasn't enough to make me want to have the guy publicly executed, there are also clear signs that he's quickly becoming senile. Then I begin to wonder about how complicit Obama and his administration were, because they knew about all this garbage when he was VP, and how corrupt the Democratic Party really is for putting forward such a nasty, ill-suited candidate at a time when it really matters. It's filthy, vile stuff to do this to the American people and yet there he is, campaigning for "honesty, hope and decency", the very concepts he's been working to destroy all his life. Even the "no malarkey" slogan is the opposite of what he's doing.
Serious financial efforts have been underway this year from certain individuals and groups of individuals with a nasty agenda to destabilize the US. Say what you will about Trump supporters — call them loud, obnoxious rednecks, call them racists, etc. (which they aren't, by the way, most of them are none of those things) — they aren't the ones who are clearly guilty of violent crimes, of physical assaults, of vandalism and destruction of property and historic art, of occupying neighborhoods and cities, as BLM and Antifa have done this year, and as they are doing right now, on election night. What's also becoming clear is that these groups wouldn't exist without financing from those individuals with a nasty agenda. While large mass protests are possible without manipulation, continued assaults on cities and people, night after night after night, aren't possible without organization, equipment and funding. And when they happen inside a country, they are proof of well-financed efforts to topple an existing governmental structure. Furthermore, when local and state governments aren't taking action to prosecute individuals identified as having committed those acts, there's clear collusion between those groups and those governments, so that means even more money is involved in that game.
The whole COVID situation has been used as a political, governmental and economic football, with various sides blaming each other repeatedly. Whatever the virus may actually be doing to people, it has benefitted from much too much advertising (worldwide propaganda, really) for it not be used as an "agent of change". What that change is and why it has been foisted on people will become clearer in the following months, but COVID has been one of the main actors in this presidential election and in this year, so it must be mentioned.
It's absurd and tragi-comic how the US has been held up in recent decades as a beacon of hope and democracy for the world — and how corrupt it has really been. How in the world can a country that is so mired in a swamp of its own making, full of the nastiest stuff on earth, be a positive example for smaller countries such as Romania? I remember the speeches against corruption made by Gittenstein, the previous US Ambassador to Romania, only to find out this year that he's been part and parcel of the greater corruption perpetrated by Biden and Basescu, an ex-president of Romania (see here). It seems that this brazen corruption (while speaking out against it) is the modus operandi of US politicians, in and out of the US, and any sane person has to wonder if any of them are decent people, or if all are guilty of having gone skinny-dipping in the Washington swamp.
I am left disgusted and repulsed by the whole situation. I'd like to see some proper house cleaning take place. It remains to be seen whether this will ever get done, or whether the whole house of cards will end up in shambles and ruin. Who knows, perhaps this has been the plan all along… What I do know is that nasty stuff is brewing up. This election is being hotly contested and where this leads is anyone's guess.
On voting rights
2019-11-11 Raoul Popdemocracy, privileges, rights, rules, society, voting 3 Comments
Yesterday's presidential elections in Romania have prompted me to write about something that's been on my mind for some time: voting rights in a so-called "democratic" country.
I'm concerned about the quality of the electorate and their capability to make objective decisions for the good of the country, not just for their own good. I've seen the average comprehension and literacy levels of adults drop across the board, on both sides of the pond. It's a scary prospect, to be faced with a general electorate that can understand less and less of what you, as a legitimate candidate, are trying to communicate. If this keeps up, our future presidential candidates will need to yell, "Me, give food! Me, give shelter!", wait for the grunts of approval to subside, then add "Press red button for me! No press red button, no food!"
Pandering to the lowest common denominator leads to short-sighted political decisions, to skeezy populism, to electoral promises/lies, and to a wanton disregard for the kind of leadership that is needed in a world increasingly screwed up by people — the kind of world where governments need to start making long-term, tough, redressive decisions and abide by them through regime changes.
We can look at the origins of democracy (Greece, Rome) in order to see how they handled voting rights, and the main takeaway in those cultures was to not let anyone vote who didn't have "skin in the game". By that the Greeks meant well-to-do men who'd also served in the military and the Romans meant men who came from good families (aristocratic) and were well-educated. Women weren't allowed to vote, and neither were immigrants.
Here's my proposal:
First we need to start thinking of the act of voting as a privilege, not as a right. It's rightfully a privilege that can be lost if one screws up.
We won't take away any of the hard-won voting privileges that exist in current democratic countries. Clearly women's voting rights will stay. Clearly naturalized citizens will be able to continue to vote. But we'll add some requirements; more specifically, the ones below.
You must be actively employed or own an active business entity, and you must have done so for at least 1 year prior to voting. In other words, you must be a contributing member of society who's been working productively, or employing people productively, and paying taxes to that society. This is the crux of my proposal: if you want to have a say in how a society is currently run (which is the definition of a vote), you must currently contribute to it.
This means that certain groups of people will not get a vote: the retired and the unemployed. These are the two classes of people who've been skewing elections in the wrong direction in Romania for decades, and who almost sabotaged the current presidential election. Criminals will also lose their voting privileges, and rightly so.
I have nothing against retired people; they've put in a lifetime of work and they deserve their pensions, but they always vote for the people who will promise them $10-20 more in their monthly pension checks, regardless of what horrible things those people have done and will do to the country. And it's a lot harder for them to vote objectively. A lot of them vote subjectively, particularly through the lens of nostalgia. This has to stop if a country is to move forward.
I have nothing against someone who's temporarily unemployed and is looking for a job, but we have a huge problem in Romania with people who game the unemployment system and collect checks while they're working here and there on the gray and black markets. They're sucking up aid from the government any way they can, including by making babies for the sole purpose of getting more money per month from the government, while they contribute nothing. And their political allegiance is to any party and/or group of politicians that will bribe them off ahead of the elections and will promise to keep their aid coming. These people are uneducated, morally bankrupt shirkers whose only cares are whether they have enough cheap crap to stuff into their mouths and working television sets. They produce nothing except body odor, and they contribute nothing except body waste. They are the biggest threat to a country's fiscal stability, particularly in the face of a decreasing work force, because they start barking and getting violent as soon as you tear them away from the teats on which they've been suckling. No politician wants to touch them, but they're a problem that has to be addressed.
Thankfully, anyone excluded from voting under the rules I've proposed above can quickly remedy the situation by getting a job or starting a small business and contributing to the society in which they're living. Then they'll have earned the privilege to vote.
The lure of the West and its subsequent disappointment (for some)
2015-09-22 Raoul Popdemocracy, freedom, government, immigration, paradox, refugees 6 Comments
Here's a thought: the very people who rail the most against the restrictions imposed by the state in autocratic countries, the most vocal opponents of such regimes, the ones who crave an escape to the West, are the ones who fare the worst after emigrating to free, democratic societies such as those in the Western world. You can think of it as an inversely proportional relationship between one's dislike for a government or a regime and their likelihood of doing well in a freer, Western country that runs on capitalist principles.
They, unlike those who make their own little worlds at home in spite of the surrounding conditions, those who make the best of the situation, these vocal dissidents have let themselves be defined by what they perceive to be the restrictions of those societies. In other worlds, their lives have become dominated by what they criticize; they themselves have become the voice of those restrictions. Their very purpose of being is now defined by those societies: they live to criticize them. Because of this, their transplantation into a Western society would be fruitless. I don't say this triflingly; I saw this happen first-hand.
These particular people would quickly find the faults in such a society (because they have become wired to do this) and would become dissidents of the West, criticizing the overt commercialism (for example) of such a society. They would find no solace in the freedom offered there and would instead resort to vocal criticism of the faults of that society. They would make poor use of the facilities of that society, they would contribute little or nothing to its betterment, but would instead fill their days with discontented moans. They'd likely pen editorials about the shackles of the West, etc.
If you want immigration success stories, you should look for those who can find the good in any situation, those who in spite of the conditions imposed on them, managed with what they had, provided good lives for themselves and those in their families, and were bright points of light in those autocratic societies. Get those people in the West and they'll likely do the same, if not more, with the opportunities provided to them in those free societies.


LAKELAND, Fla. – Today, Governor Rick Scott announced that DS Services will open a new 72,000 square foot state-of-the-art customer contact center and create 400 new jobs. DS Services expansion will be a $12.4 million capital investment in the community.
Florida's 122,000 financial and professional firms employ 850,000 Floridians today, representing nearly 12 percent of Florida's workforce. Florida offers a cost competitive environment, favorable overall tax structure, no personal income tax and a superior quality of life giving companies benefits that will directly impact profits. Florida today has the second highest number of professional, scientific and technical services companies in the United States.
This project was made possible by the close partnerships between Enterprise Florida, Florida Department of Economic Opportunity, City of Lakeland, Polk County and the Lakeland Economic Development Council.
"Growing our local economy by adding quality, private sector jobs is a major objective of the Board of County Commissioners, so we were pleased to support DS Services of America in their selection of Polk County for their new facility," said Polk County Board of County Commissioners Chairman, George Lindsey.


Please write to us as soon as you decide to cancel your subscription and we will confirm your request. Unfortunately, we don't refund automatic payments. You will receive your last box for the payment you were charged. After that we will cancel your subscription.


What is the acceptable deposit for tenants in Stockport & Greater Manchester?
There are increasing calls for a cap on deposits but there is disagreement on what an acceptable deposit cap should be.
While there is considerable focus on the initial cost of buying property, there are many up-front costs to consider in the rental market too. Tenants need to find a lot of money to move into a home, including the first month's rent in advance, the deposit for the property and removal costs. With the cost of renting increasing, there has been an increasing amount of pressure placed on the Government to step in and lower property fees. However, landlords also have needs and groups representing these professionals have made counterclaims as to why these funds are required.
There is a lot of debate about what is the acceptable deposit for tenants taking place across the country. It is important that people consider the market in their local area because national averages are not too relevant for most people. After all, the suitable deposit cap for tenants in London would be different from what is acceptable in Stockport and in Greater Manchester. At Peter Anthony, we take an interest in the national market but give our location and the people we serve, it is only natural that we focus on Stockport and Greater Manchester.
The Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee insists that a five-week cap would be the most suitable option while other groups are campaigning for a six-week cap. The National Landlords Association, the NLA, has suggested that if a five-week cap was imposed, many landlords would be unwilling to let property to certain tenants. An example about tenants with pets was provided, with the organisation saying a five-week deposit wouldn't be sufficient to cover the costs of improving the property after a pet has been staying there for some time.
You can see how a tenant moving into new property would be required to pay a considerable sum of money up-front. If the tenant also had to pay their first month's rent and covered removal costs with other fees, the sum of money associated with moving adds up very quickly.
With respect to Cheadle the average rent per calendar month, according to the home.co.uk site, comes in at £850 per calendar month, or £196.15 per week.
When it comes to letting in Stockport and Greater Manchester, it makes sense to receive help from the experts. No matter what move you are looking to make, contact Peter Anthony and we will do our best to help you.


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text:
envelope(1) -- PostgreSQL Interface for the web
===================================================

## FULL PATH
This instance of envelope was installed as `@prefix@/sbin/envelope` (Usually `/usr/local/sbin/envelope`)

## SYNOPSIS
```
envelope
       [-h | --help]
       [-v | --version]
       [-c <config-file> | --config-file=<config-file>]
       [-d <connection-file> | --connection-file=<connection-file>]
       [-y <app-path> | --app-path=<app-path>]
       [-z <role-path> | --role-path=<role-path>]
       [-r <web-root> | --web-root=<web-root>]
       [-p <port> | --envelope-port=<port>]
       [-j <tls-cert> | --tls-cert=<tls-cert>]
       [-k <tls-key> | --tls-key=<tls-key>]
       [-l <log-level> | --log-level=<log-level>]
       [-t <login-timeout> | --login-timeout=<login-timeout>]
       [-u <public-username> | --public-username=<public-username>]
       [-w <public-password> | --public-password=<public-password>]
       [-q <log-queries-over> | --log-queries-over=<log-queries-over>]
       [-a <log-queries-over-action-name> | --log-queries-over-action-name=<log-queries-over-action-name>]
       [-f <api-referer-list> | --api-referer-list=<api-referer-list>]
       [-i <allow-public-login> | --allow-public-login=<allow-public-login>]
       [-j <public-api-referer-list> | --public-api-referer-list=<public-api-referer-list>]
       [-2 <2fa-function> | --2fa-function=<2fa-function>]
```

## DESCRIPTION
The `envelope` utility is  a tool to make using your PostgreSQL database fast and easy. It provides web access and can be used on a tablet, or even on a phone.

All log output is pushed to stderr, if you are pushing that to a file, then you must handle rotating the file yourself or it will get large and slow `envelope` down.

## OPTIONS
`-h` or `--help`
       Print usage and exit

`-v` or `--version`
       Print version information and exit

`-c` or `--config-file=`
       `String;` defaults to @prefix@/etc/envelope/envelope.conf
       You can use this option to tell Envelope where to look for the configuration file. A sample configuration file is provided in @prefix@/etc/envelope. If there is no file specified Envelope will look in the current directory for a config file. If no config file is found Envelope will proceed with default values.

The following options can be specified on the command line or in the configuration file. In the event a value is specified on the command line and in the config file, Envelope will always use the command line option. Note that if no option is specified then some options will be set to a default value.

`[command line short]` or `[command line long]` or `[config file]`

`-d` or `--connection-file=` or `connection_file=`
       `String;` defaults to @prefix@/etc/envelope/envelope-connections.conf
       When you install Envelope, the Makefile will generate a path to the sample envelope-connections.conf file and put it in the sample config file. Use this option to tell Envelope where your connection list is located.
       If not specified, Envelope looks in the same folder as the config file for a file named envelope-connections.conf. If Envelope can't find a connection file, it will error.

`-s` or `--super-only=` or `super_only=`
       `Boolean;` defaults to false
       This tells Envelope whether or not to only allow super users to login. The recommended value is true and will restrict users who are not super users from logging in to any PostgreSQL instance through Envelope. Note that a connection will be made to PostgreSQL in order to test if the user is a superuser.

`-g` or `--login-group=` or `login_group=`
       `String;` no default
       This tells Envelope to only allow users in a certain PostgreSQL group to login to Envelope. Note that a connection will be made to PostgreSQL in order to test if the user is a member of the login group.

`-r` or `--web-root=` or `web_root=`
       `String;` Defaults to @prefix@/etc/envelope/web_root
       This tells Envelope where the HTML files have been installed to.

`-y` or `--app-path=` or `app_path=`
       `String;` defaults to @prefix@/etc/envelope/app
       This tells Envelope where the app HTML files have been installed to.

`-z` or `--role-path=` or `role_path=`
       `String;` defaults to @prefix@/etc/envelope/role
       This tells Envelope where the role DATA files have been installed to.

`-p` or `--envelope-port=` or `envelope_port=`
       `Integer;` defaults to 8888
       This tells Envelope what port to listen on for browser requests. If the port starts with the string "unix:", then it is interpreted as a file path for a unix socket.

`-j` or `--tls-cert=` or `tls_cert=`
`-k` or `--tls-key=` or `tls_key=`
       `String;` no defaults
       These options tell Envelope where the TLS Certificate and Key files reside. If you use these options then you'll only be able to access Envelope through a secure TLS connection.
       These options are only necessary if you wish to connect directly to Envelope using a secure TLS connection. As an alternative, you can set up Envelope in a reverse proxy configuration. This allows your web server to terminate the secure connection and pass on the request to Envelope. You can find help to set up this configuration in the INSTALL_NGINX file that came with your distribution.

`-n` or `--allow-custom-connections=` or `allow_custom_connections=`
       `Boolean;` defaults to false
       This tells Envelope whether or not to allow anyone to use a custom connection from the login screen.

`-l` or `--log-level=` or `log_level=`
       `String;` defaults to error
       This option regulates the frequency and verbosity of log messages. Possible values are none, error, warn, notice and info.

`-t` or `--login-timeout=` or `login_timeout=`
       `Integer;` defaults to 3600
       This option regulates the login timeout (in seconds) after the last activity on a session.
	   If 0, no timeout is enforced.

`-u` or `--public-username=` or `public_username=`
`-w` or `--public-password=` or `public_password=`
       `String;` no defaults
       This option tells `envelope` than public actions should use these credentials, if they are unset, then public actions are disabled.

`-q` or `--log-queries-over=` or `log_queries_over=`
       `Integer;` 120
`-a` or `--log-queries-over-action-name=` or `log_queries_over_action_name=`
       `String;` no default
       `log_queries_over` will tell `envelope` to check every `log_queries_over` / 10 seconds for queries (run by `envelope`) that have been running longer than `log_queries_over` seconds. If you have `log_queries_over_action_name` set as well, then it will run the PostgreSQL function named. Note: `log_queries_over_action_name` requires a public user to be setup, `envelope` uses the public user to connect at startup and runs the action for every query it detects.

`-f` or `--api-referer-list=` or `api_referer_list=`
       `String;` no defaults, required
`-j` or `--public-api-referer-list=` or `public_api_referer_list=`
       `String;` defaults to `api-referer-list`
       `api_referer_list` controls the Referers allowed to run API calls when logged in. `public_api_referer_list` is the same, but only applies to no-cookie API calls. Note: Referer is spelled as such because that is the way it is spelled in RFC 1945.

`-i` or `--allow-public-login=` or `allow_public_login=`
       `Boolean;` defaults to false
       If enabled, you can use /env/authnc to set a cookie with the public user credentials.

`-2` or `--2fa-function=` or `2fa_function=`
       `String;` no defaults, optional
`-m` or `--2fa-timeout=` or `2fa_timeout=`
       `Integer;` defaults to 300 seconds (5 minutes)
       Setting this parameter gives you an extra layer of login security. The value of the parameter should be a function named that takes a single `text` parameter (the user's login name) and returns `text` (the token itself) like so: `CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.token_2fa(str_user text) RETURNS text`. The function should generate a token and then transmit it to the user via some second channel (i.e. an email, SMS, or other IM). `envelope` will direct users to a second screen for them to enter the token and allow them to continue only if they enter the correct token. The user will also have an option to send a new token. `2fa_timeout` determines how long a token remains valid. If the token function returns an empty string, then the 2fa is skipped. Note that 2fa does not apply to No Cookie authentication. If 2fa is enabled, Cookies will not expire for 100 years and they are no longer restricted by ip address.

## SETTING UP A CONNECTION TO A POSTGRESQL SERVER

Envelope requires at least one PostgreSQL server be listed in the envelope-connections.conf file. This version of Envelope doesn't allow you to specify a server from the command line. Enter only one PostgreSQL server per line. For envelope, only the first server is used.

**The format of a connection string is:**
```
[server name]: [standard PostgreSQL connection string]
```

Detailed information about PostgreSQL connection strings is available [here](http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq-connect.html)

If you put a username in this connection string, Envelope will connect as that user (using .pgpass or whatever other means of authentication you set up), then check the password against pg_authid, then SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION afterwards.

It is recommended to have a superuser in your database specifically for envelope.
The recommended script for creating this user is:
```
CREATE ROLE <username> LOGIN SUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE NOREPLICATION PASSWORD '<password>'
```

Of course, you should choose a name and password that doesn't have 'envelope' in it, otherwise the people who try to break into your database can make that assumption.

#### EXAMPLE CONNECTION STRINGS:
```
nuc-server: hostaddr=192.168.0.100 port=5432 dbname=postgres
mini-server: hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432 dbname=postgres sslmode=require
```

## EXAMPLES
Run `envelope` (short argument):
```
@prefix@/sbin/envelope -c @prefix@/etc/envelope/envelope.conf -d @prefix@/etc/envelope/envelope-connections.conf
```

Run `envelope` (long argument):
```
@prefix@/sbin/envelope --config-file=@prefix@/etc/envelope/envelope.conf --connection-file @prefix@/etc/envelope/envelope-connections.conf
```

## TROUBLESHOOTING
Try accessing your database through psql. If you can, double check your connection string parameters. If you can't connect, you may have a firewall problem.

## AUTHOR
Copyright (c) 2021 Workflow Products, LLC

Created by Annunziato Tocci

Report bugs to [here](https://github.com/workflowproducts/envelope/issues)
Send us feedback! Current contact information can be found at workflowproducts.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


How Persistence Restored a little Girl's Health | 1-800-GOT-MOLD?
Caitlin Murray had been sick most of her life - 2-1/2 of her 3-1/2 years. Her mother, Jill, had taken Caitlin to dozens of doctors for her chronic sinusitis, asthma and upper respiratory infections.
Doctors had tried every drug and every treatment they knew. None of it helped Caitlin. Her mother was at her wits' end. She suspected there was something about the house that was making Caitlin sick.
Fortunately, the Murrays had the means to act. They moved out of their house in Pennington NJ and into Jill's parents' home, where Caitlin immediately improved. Then they began building a new house. Caitlin stayed healthy for a year at her grandfather's house.
"After a full year of 100% perfect health, our brand new house was built and we moved out of my parents' home," Jill said. "To my horror, Caitlin's problems started again."
The next six months led to "a near nervous breakdown" for Jill Murray. Caitlin was now 5. After seeing dozens of doctors, Jill took her daughter to Dr. Scott Kay, an otolaryngologist in Princeton.
"I was dismissed by more than 40 doctors every time I brought up the possibility of an environmental problem," Jill recalls.
One of those 40 doctors, however, thought it might be a possibility. When she took Caitlin to Dr. Kay for her "untreated, horrid sinus infections," he noted that "a trigger like mold can do such damage, especially if a person is allergic."
Caitlin "had a severe upper respiratory infection, pansinusitis (complete inflammation of the sinuses) and asthma," Dr. Kay later wrote in an open letter to other physicians. "At some point, her mother came to the realization that she might be allergic to something in the house that they were living in. She made the dramatic decision to move out of the house.
"They lived with the grandfather for a short period of time, and during that time, the child did remarkably well. Her sinusitis and asthma cleared. Her parents bought a brand new house, which they built themselves. Within weeks of moving into the new house, the little girl began to develop the same symptoms all over again. Her mother became frantic and desperate, not knowing what the problem was this time."
That's when Dr. Kay remembered a segment he'd seen on Channel 6 Action News about a dog named Oreo who was trained to find hidden mold. He didn't remember the company or where it was located, but suggested to Jill Murray that she try to find someone who had one of these dogs.
Jill quickly discovered that Oreo and her owner, Jason Earle, were right there in Princeton, just a few miles from Jill's home in Pennington. The company was Lab Results LLC, which has since become the national franchise firm 1-800-GOT-MOLD?
Jason and Oreo wasted no time zeroing in on the problem. The basement staircase was being supported by moldy lumber, and Caitlin's play room was right there next to it.
"I had walked past it countless times and never noticed," said Jill. "It was so black with mold that I actually thought it had been painted black. Jason gave me thorough instructions on how to remove it."
Once the stairway supports were replaced with clean lumber, "Caitlin's health dramatically improved immediately," Jill reported.
Then, three months later, out of nowhere, Caitlin's respiratory nightmare suddenly resurfaced.
"Around the same time of her newest flare-up, during a severe rain storm I noticed a pinging sound in our chimney and also noticed that the surrounding carpet was damp," Jill recalled. "I panicked and called Jason immediately, even before calling my husband. I felt it imperative to investigate it immediately."
Oreo alerted on the wall beside the fireplace and on the carpet. After probing the wallboard with a moisture meter and doing some detective work, Jason isolated a roof leak caused by a flashing problem around the chimney.
"Our roofer confirmed Jason's diagnosis and made the necessary repairs to prevent a recurrence. The affected carpet and drywall was removed by professionals," said Jill. "The carpet crew later told me that they were out of work for two days with headaches and nausea from the mold exposure. I think they, like most people, underestimated the possible adverse health effects of mold exposure and will probably take further precautions when dealing with similar situations in the future."
While repairs were being made, Jill flew Caitlin out to the Mayo Clinic, where doctors confirmed that Caitlin's medical problems were more than likely the result of mold exposure. The Mayo Clinic found in a 1999 study that 97 percent of chronic sinusitis is caused by mold. Other medical studies since, by such institutions as Brown University, the EPA and Berkeley Lab, have clearly associated mold with asthma, upper respiratory ailments, and even depression.
"Prior to meeting Jason and Oreo, I had been so traumatized by the fears surrounding Caitlin's health that I was ready to seek therapy. I was so paralyzed by my own fears and feelings of inadequacy as a mother because of my inability to help my baby girl that I felt like I was truly losing my mind," Jill said. "And this is coming from a certified Master of Social Work (MSW); skilled and trained in stress management techniques and strategies."
"I now know what we are dealing with. I am so thankful to have found Jason and Oreo. If you are reading this and contemplating hiring 1-800-GOT-MOLD?, take it from me - it is worth every penny to know that your family is safe and healthy in your home."
"It may be hard to identify your patient who would benefit from this type of service, but indoor mold growth should always be a consideration in the workup of chronic upper respiratory tract infections and chronic illness that does not have an apparent cause or remedy."
Caitlin's story contains lessons for many people, but Jason Earle insists the most important lesson was his own.
"Caitlin and Jill Murray represent the reason I do what I do, and the reason I had to take my company to a national scale. There are millions of Caitlins out there, and there's no way I can personally reach them all. So a national franchise organization like 1-800-GOT-MOLD? became an absolute imperative. It's my goal to heal every sick home in America, and give every child and every parent a better chance at good health and peace of mind."
In the six-and-a-half years since the Murray family's repeating mold problems finally stopped and Caitlin stopped being sick, a lot has changed for Caitlin. The difference is astonishing.
"She's so healthy now," said Jill. "She's at average height and weight, she won the physical fitness award at her school, her asthma is almost gone.
"She's an incredibly healthy, remarkable, straight-A, perfect student, a great kid. You would never, ever know she was such a sickly kid."
Caitlin, now a radiant 12-year-old, remembers.
"I remember when I was sick, it was really hard to think, and my head was kind of spinning and my throat felt like it was closing up. It was really scary."
She has some serious thoughts for the future as well.
"I think that somehow we should find some way to stop this from happening to other people. I'm glad it just happened to me and no one else... and I should be the one who should help everyone so it doesn't happen to anyone else."
Doctors, she said, "should have learned this when they went to college, about how to deal with this (mold)... and they should train more dogs and they should send them, like, all around the world, and they can send them to help."
We're working on it, Caitlin.


Concerns about the security of sensitive data have grown in the light of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Organisations must prevent leaks from databases, data warehouses and Big Data environments, ensure the integrity of information, and automate compliance controls. The IBM Guardium security suite can make light work of these challenges, but not all organisations have the resources to deploy and run it.
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text:
St Thomas à Becket, Fairfield
St Thomas à Becket Church (Ack. 30)
St Thomas à Becket Church in Fairfield stands alone in a field on the Marsh, surrounded by watercourses and sheep. A causeway was built in 1913, and until then the church was more often than not surrounded by water during the winter and spring.
Fairfield, the village it once served has long since disappeared, but the church has survived and is now part of the civil parish which includes the villages of Brookland, Brenzett and Snargate. The church is dedicated to St Thomas à Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170.
Legend has it that the Archbishop was journeying across the dangerous Romney Marsh when he fell into one of the many ditches. He prayed to St.Thomas, as he came up for the second time, for a miracle to save him from a watery death. Just in time, a farmer arrived to save him, and in gratitude the Archbishop had the little church built and dedicated to St Thomas a Becket.
Aerial View of St Thomas à Becket see enlarged (Ack. 33)
Sometime around AD 1200 a simple structure of timber and lath construction was built as a purely temporary measure to provide the local farmers with a place of worship. Temporary became permanent, and the 13th century building survived intact until the 18th century, when the entire timber building was encased within brick walls, and the roof covered with heavy red tiles.
The building would have originally been a timber frame clad in wattle and daub. In time the plaster work was replaced with brick, when the base plate of the frame was removed and walls built on a foundation of brick. Much of the original timber work remains in the roof frame, seen here is the roof structure over the chancel.
In 1912 the fabric was in a very poor state and a complete rebuilding within the timber framework took place. However, the inside of the church was, fortunately, left untouched. It is Georgian, with a three decker pulpit, box pews and texts boards. The pews are still painted white with black linings.
The interior is pure Georgian theatrics; entering the church is like stepping back into the 18th century. The interior is filled with rows of box pews, painted bright white, with a triple-decker pulpit rising over them and Biblical texts staring down from the walls.
There is a peculiar seven-sided font, but for the real treasure is the interior timber-framing, with low timber arches stretching over the nave. But entering the interior is like going back in time – the Georgian interior feels as though little has changed for over 200 years.
Close the heavy door behind you, and all is peaceful and silent, except for the muffled sound of the wind. It is truly evocative of a bygone age.
The font is plain, and a design unique in Kent. The bowl has seven sides, perhaps a reminder of the seven sacrements of the church. It was originally located on the north side of the church, but is now in the centre, underneath the turret.
This iconic church has been used as a filming location, including 2011 BBC adaption of Great Expectations, Great Expectations (2012 film) and Parade's End (TV series)
St Thomas à Beckett Church holds services at 10am on the first Sunday of every month. Further information can be obtained from the vicar Rev Shuna Body. email 01797 343977
The church is kept locked. The key can be obtained from Becket Barn Farm, Fairfield, TN29 9RZ, which is on the opposite side of the road a few hundred yards to the west of the church.
Inside the Church (Ack. 53)
St Thomas à Becket Church; Watercolour by Maggie Wilkinson
Photo Gallery scroll right and left and click on a picture to see it enlarged in a slideshow
Photos courtesy of Sybille Setchfield
Video Aerial Views of St Thomas à Beckett Church
reference and more information
Bells of St Thomas à Beckett
Churchyard Monumental Inscriptions
Historic Churches Homepage
Visitors Homepage
History Homepage


text:
Home/News/Bawku holds stakeholders' engagement forum
Bawku holds stakeholders' engagement forum
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PThe Bawku Inter-Ethnic Peace Committee (BIEPC) is initiating a number of measures to roll out a peace map to help promote lasting peace in the Bawku area and its environs.
The Manager of the Belin Wusa Development Agency (BEWDA), a non-governmental organisation (NGO), Shaibu Abubakar, disclosed this at a day's stakeholders' engagement forum held in Bawku in the Upper East Region last Saturday.
Mr Abubakar explained that his outfit would strengthen and enhance the relationship among stakeholders, including the BIEPC, the security, the assemblies and religious bodies, among others, so as to help ensure lasting peace in the area.
He said the BIEPC would continue to engage political parties, students of second cycle institutions, women and youth groups, since they were the most active and vulnerable when it comes to conflicts.
"The BIEPC will continue to sensitise the public as well as engage traditional authorities of the various ethnic groups on the need for peaceful co-existence," the manager stressed.
Mr Abubakar urged all the stakeholders to play their respective roles very well so as to help ensure that lasting peace returned to the area to help boost the economy of the Bawku Municipality and its environs.
The stakeholders who acknowledged that although peace had returned to the area and people were going about their businesses without any problem, and underscored the need to work towards ensuring a lasting and absolute peace in the area.
They deliberated on the need to solicit support, collaborate and network to sustain the peace, and to also purify the land, so as to foster peaceful co-existence among the people, noting that an amount of GH¢50,605 would be needed to carry out activities including blood cleansing in the area.
The committee members indicated that aside the above amount, it would need a top up of about GH¢73,105.00 to cover preparatory activities, including visiting the communities to identify abandoned farmlands, engagements with community leaders, among others.
The Committee hinted that the burial of the "okro stick" would be another paramount traditional practice that would be carried out to provide safeguards to peace, particularly where blood was spilled during the conflict.
They appealed to the residents in the Bawku municipality and its environs especially the two feuding factions to collaborate with the committee to sustain the peace in the area to help promote development.
With funding support from Star-Ghana, the stakeholder's forum attracted members of the BIEPC, the security agencies, traditional and religious leaders, heads of the decentralised departments and the media.
FROM SAMUEL AKAPULE, BAWKU
bawku forum News stakeholders
Lukaku, Pogba in 'dramatic bust-up' over missed penalty
Hearts, Kotoko oldies promise fireworks …in today's Indece Cup clash


Drainage basins, also called catchments or watersheds, include all the land that drains into a river channel, from its source to its mouth (Dunne and Leopold 1978).
The Global Water Partnership and International Network of Basin Organisations (INBO) publication A Handbook for Integrated Water Resources Management in Basins (2009), recognises the river basin as the practical hydrological unit of choice for Transboundary Water Management (TWM) and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). While this approach considers the basin boundary over political boundaries, it provides the basis for holistic management of the resource. While this is a logical approach from a hydrological perspective, it creates a whole new set of challenges with respect to hydro-politics, resource sharing and data acquisition and management.
The Orange River basin is shared by four countries - Botswana,Namibia, Lesotho and South Africa. While each of these countries may have different requirements and agendas with respect to the river, they must all cooperate to meet their objectives.
The Orange Senqu River Basin.
Two specific challenges that the River Basin Approach creates with respect to water resources management, especially in the Orange-Senqu River basin are data collection and harmonisation, and groundwater resources.
In a transboundary setting, most data are collected at national level, and with the exception of a few rare cases, have been gathered for different periods of time, using different methods and stored using different approaches and technologies.
The River Basin Approach requires basin-wide data to be collected in the same formats and to the same standards. This requires that data is collected and collated uniformly or for an additional basin-wide programme to be put in place, which can be an expensive under-taking.
As the River Basin Approach uses a surface water unit as the basis for planning and management, it does not always encapsulate all of the groundwater resources, as groundwater aquifers do not necessarily conform to the same boundaries as surface water resources. While some transboundary (across national borders) aquifers may exist within the basin, some may transcend the surface water basin boundary. Therefore, considerations must be made for inter-river basin groundwater flow, particularly with respect to development of water balance budgets.


text:
Ami Mizuno (水野 亜美 Mizuno Ami), é uma personagem fictícia e uma das personagens principais da série Sailor Moon, é também conhecida como Sailor Mercury, Sailor Mercúrio ou Navegante Mercúrio.

Ami é muito inteligente e estudiosa. Também é uma pessoa prestativa e responsável quando o assunto em questão é importante e diz respeito a suas amigas. Diferentemente das outras Sailor Scouts, Ami não se preocupa com as questões do amor. Ela é Sailor Mercury, a Guerreira da Água e da Sabedoria.

História e personalidade
Sua personalidade é bastante consistente ao longo das várias adaptações da série. Originalmente, Ami apenas usa óculos quando lê e os usa mais no live-action do que no anime.

De acordo com Usagi Tsukino no mangá, Ami supostamente tem um Q.I de 300, mas apesar de muito estudiosa, ela aprecia as coisas artísticas especialmente música e piano (e era uma fã de uma banda de  J-pop antes de qualquer outra Navegante). Ela também gosta de nadar e de jogar xadrez. Geralmente Ami é considerada a mais sensível dentre as cinco garotas. Seu nome significa em japonês Mizuno Ami: A beleza que vem da água ou Beleza da água ou Espírito da água ou mesmo Amiga da água.

Ami mora com a mãe, uma médica ocupada, que na maior parte do tempo não está em casa, e que nunca apareceu nos desenhos, mas no mangá é mostrada como uma mulher desagradável. Ami é originalmente obcecada em ser uma estudante perfeita, ainda que seja desconhecido se sua mãe contribui para esse comportamento. O pai dela, um pintor que trocou a família pelo trabalho, apenas é citado através das pinturas (através de cartões postais ou cartas) que ele envia. Ami parece gostar um pouco dele no anime, mas mostra-se magoada no mangá. Ela é uma das poucas personagens da série que teve sua situação familiar explicitamente mencionada.

No início da série ela estuda no Ginásio Azabu Juuban Junior, junto com Usagi e Makoto Kino e nos últimos episódios, no Azabu Juuban High (ambas as escolas existem e estão localizadas no subúrbio Azabu Juuban de Tóquio).

Antes de conhecer Usagi Tsukino, Ami era uma moça solitária, só pensava em estudar e realizar seu sonho de ser médica, como a mãe.  Nó episódio 20, ela demonstra a importância de Usagi em sua vida, dizendo que antes de conhecê-la era uma moça sem amigos e que a partir do momento em que Usagi entrou em sua vida ela passou a ser mais feliz e mais confiante.

Suas habilidades são baseadas em água, ainda que durante algum tempo, poucos deles sejam ofensivos. No entanto, sua inteligência faz dela a responsável pela defesa técnica das Sailors e da série. Ela também tem um minicomputador e um visor, útil, entre outras coisas, para esquadrinhar o perímetro. Refletindo a natureza de seus poderes, o uniforme de Sailor é azul marinho, branco e ciano.

Às vezes comparada a Michiru Kaiou devido a seus poderes baseados em água, Ami é mais racional, intelectualmente. Ami também é considerada mais amigável, mesmo sendo bastante tímida ao longo da série; ela é a princesa de mercúrio: Mercury Princess.

Formas
 Mizuno Ami
 Sailor Mercury
 Super Sailor Mercury
 Eternal Sailor Mercury (Somente no mangá)
 Princess Mercury (Somente no mangá)
 Guardian Mercury (Somente no mangá)

Frases de transformação

Mercury Power, Make Up! (マーキュリー・パワー・メイク・アップ!, Mākyurī pawā, meiku appu!) Pelo poder de Mercúrio, transformação!
Mercury Star Power, Make Up! (マーキュリー・スター・パワー・メイク・アップ!, Mākyurī sutā pawā, meiku appu!) Pelo poder estelar de Mercúrio, transformação!
Mercury Planet Power, Make Up! (マーキュリー・プラネット・パワー・メイク・アップ!, Mākyurī puranetto pawā, meiku appu!) Pelo poder do planeta Mercúrio, transformação!
Mercury Crystal Power, Make Up! (マーキュリー・クリスタル・パワー・メイク・アップ!, Mākyurī kurisutaru pawā, meiku appu!) Pelo poder do cristal de Mercúrio, transformação!

Ataques - Manga/Crystal

Mercury Aqua Mist (マーキュリー・アクア・ミスト, Mākyurī akua misuto) (Act 3 Manga/Act 2 Crystal): Brasil: Nevoeiro de Água de Mercúrio!, Portugal: "Aqua Névoa de Mercúrio!. Sailor Mercury cria com as mão dois turbilhões de água que se dissipam em uma névoa.

Sailor Planet Attack (セーラー・プラネット・アタック, Sērā puranetto atakku) (Act 10 Manga/Crystal). Em Português: Ataque Planetário Sailor!. É um ataque em grupo, quando as Inners unem seus poderes e lançam um poderoso raio de energia.

Chō jigen kūkan genshutsu (超次元空間現出) (Act 12 Manga/Crystal). Em Português: Espaço Hiperdimensional! Criar!. É um ataque usado por Sailor Mercury somente no mangá, no qual ela cria uma outra dimensão paralela, para poder lutar contra Beryl sem destruir o Crown Game Center.

Shine Aqua Illusion (シャイン・アクア・イリュージョン, Shain akua iryūjon) (Act 15 Manga/Crystal): No Brasil Fulgor das Águas de Mercúrio! e em Portugal Ilusão de Água Brilhante!. É um ataque em que Sailor Mercury deixa cair uma gota d'água no chão. As gotas menores que saltam de onde a primeira gota caiu rodeiam Sailor Mercury girando até chegar acima de sua cabeça, então Sailor Mercury as agarra e as transforma em um poderoso jato d'água que ela lança diretamente no inimigo, congelando-o.

Shine Snow Illusion (シャイン・スノー・イリュージョン, Shain sunō iryūjon) (Act 16 Manga/Crystal):  No Brasil: Fulgor Ilusório da Neve de Mercúrio!, Portugal: Ilusão da Neve Brilhante!. É um ataque usado por Sailor Mercury somente no mangá, é parecido com o ataque acima, porém cria uma tempestade de neve congelante.

Mercury Aqua Mirage (マーキュリー・アクア・ミラージュ, Mākyurī akua mirāju; Kanji: 水蜃気楼, Mizu shinkirō, "miragem de água") (Act 30 Manga/Act 29 Crystal): No Brasil Miragem Aquática de Mercúrio! e em Portugal Miragem da Água de Mercúrio!. É um ataque usado por Sailor Mercury no especial  "Ami-chan no Hatsukoi" ou "O primeiro amor de Ami", Ela cria uma imensa esfera de água que envolve o inimigo e o afoga.

Mercury Aqua Rhapsody (マーキュリー・アクア・ラプソディ, Mākyurī akua rapusodī) (Act 40 Manga): No Brasil Rapsódia Aquática de Mercúrio! e em Portugal Rapsódia de Água de Mercúrio!. É um ataque em que Sailor Mercury utiliza a Harpa de Mercúrio (マーキュリー・ハープ, Mākyurī hāpu, "Mercury Harp") para criar várias correntes de água muito poderosas que são lançadas diretamente no inimigo se transformando em um jato d'água muito mais poderoso antes de atingí-lo.

Ataques - Anime

Shabon Spray (シャボン・スプレー , Shabon supurē) (Epi.08/Classic): No Brasil "Borbulhas de Mercúrio, Explodam" e em Portugal "Espuma Sabão, Espalha-te". São bolhas que Sailor Mercury cria com as mãos e espalha por todo o lugar em que ela estiver. Este ataque é na verdade um golpe de defesa, pois apenas cria uma neblina no ambiente para dificultar a visão do inimigo e para que este perca de vista ela ou seus aliados.

Shabon Spray Freezing (シャボン・スプレー・フリージング, Shabon supurē furījingu) (Epi.053/R): No Brasil "Borbulhas congelantes de mercúrio... explodam! e em Portugal "Espuma de sabão...cristaliza-te" . É praticamente o mesmo primeiro ataque, mas depois que Sailor Mercury lança as bolhas diretamente no inimigo, depois de criar a neblina as bolhas também o congelam. Diferente do primeiro ataque que é só um golpe de defesa, este sim já é um ataque ofensivo.

Sailor Planet Attack (セーラー・プラネット・アタック, Sērā puranetto atakku) em português "Ataque Planetário Sailor". É um ataque em grupo, quando as Inners unem seus poderes e lançam um poderoso raio de energia.

Shine Aqua Illusion (シャイン・アクア・イリュージョン, Shain akua iryūjon) (Epi.062/R, Epi.15/Sailor Moon Crystal): No Brasil "Fulgor das Águas de Mercúrio" e em Portugal "Ilusão de Água Brilhante". É um ataque em que Sailor Mercury deixa cair uma gota d'água no chão. As gotas menores que saltam de onde a primeira gota caiu rodeiam Sailor Mercury girando até chegar acima de sua cabeça, então Sailor Mercury as agarra e as transforma em um poderoso jato d'água que ela lança diretamente no inimigo, congelando-o.

Mercury Aqua Mirage (マーキュリー・アクア・ミラージュ, Mākyurī akua mirāju): No Brasil "Miragem Aquática de Mercúrio" e em Portugal "Miragem da Água de Mercúrio". É um ataque usado por Sailor Mercury no especial  "Ami-chan no Hatsukoi" ou "O primeiro amor de Ami", Ela cria uma imensa esfera de água que envolve o inimigo e o afoga.

Mercury Aqua Rhapsody (マーキュリー・アクア・ラプソディ, Mākyurī akua rapusodī) (Epi.151/SuperS): No Brasil "Rapsódia aquática de Mercúrio!" e em Portugal "Rapsódia de água de Mercúrio". É um ataque em que Sailor Mercury cria uma harpa de água, e enquanto ela toca a arpa com as cordas, várias correntes de água muito poderosas são lançadas diretamente no inimigo se transformando em um jato d'água muito mais poderoso antes de atingi-lo.

Sailor Teleport em português "Teletransporte das Sailors!". É um poder usado em grupo pelas Sailors para se teletransportar.

Acessórios
 Henshin pen, em português "Caneta de transformação" (ep.008/classic): é a caneta dada por Luna, para invocar o seu poder, Ami grita a frase "Pelo poder de Mercúrio".
 Miniature Super Computer, em português "Minicomputador" (ep.009/classic): um potente minicomputador dado a Ami por Luna, que permite que ela faça pesquisas de diversos assuntos. temo símbolo de Mercúrio gravado nele.
 Communication device, em português "Comunicador" (ep.017/classic): É o primeiro comunicador dado às meninas. É rosa e quadrado com uma tela redonda que permite ver o rosto de quem esta falando.
 Mercury Google: (ep.018/classic): São os seus óculos azuis escaneadores. Útil para escanear qualquer ambiente e poder fazer cálculos rápidos. Ami pode acioná-los através de seu brinco. Não foi atribuído um nome em português.
 Star Henshin Pen, em português "Caneta de transformação estelar" (ep.062/R): apesar de não ter nome em português, esta nova caneta pode ser chamada assim pela tradução equivalente do nome e pelo fato de que para invocá-la, Ami precisa dizer "Pelo poder estelar de Mercúrio". A caneta tem uma estrela na extremidade superior com o símbolo de Mercúrio no meio da estrela. Foi dada por Luna e Artemis.
 Wirstwatch, em português "relógio comunicador" (ep.062/R): É um relógio que tem uma tampa redonda com uma estrela no meio que permite que as sailors se comuniquem. Foi dado por Luna e Artemis.  No mangá elas recebem três modelos diferentes de relógios de comunicação nos arcos - Dark Kingdom, Black Moon e Infinity.
 Crystal Henshin Pen, em português "Caneta de transformação do cristal" (ep.143/Super s): Também não possui nome em português, mas a tradução seria Caneta de transformação do cristal, pois para invocar seu poder, Ami  diz "Pelo poder do cristal de Mercúrio" e então pode se transformar em Super Sailor Mercury. Ela e as outras Navegantes obtêm essa caneta através do poder do Pegasus, quando decidem confiar nele.
 Mercury Crystal, em português "Cristal de Mercúrio". Usado somente no mangá, aparece no Arco Dream - Ato 40, sob a forma de um coração e depois no Ato 49, sob a forma de uma estrela. Ela ganham seu próprio Sailor Crystal com a ajuda da sua Sailor Guardian, o pequeno espírito da Sailor Mercury, para poder se transformar em Super e depois em Eternal.
 Mercury Harp, em português "Harpa de Mercúrio". Usado somente no mangá, aparece no Arco Dream - Ato 40, é uma harpa que possui consciência própria e é usada por Super Sailor Mercury para lançar o ataque "Mercury Aqua Rhapsody!".
 Ganhou ainda um especial próprio chamado "Ami-chan no Hatsukoi" ou "O primeiro amor de Ami", uma versão da história homônima do mangá que a apresenta como personagem principal. Ela foi o único membro do grupo a ter uma história dedicada a si, geralmente considerado como uma de suas melhores atuações, ironicamente tentando lidar com a ideia de ter um admirador secreto chamado Mercurius, que na verdade se tratava de um monstro que a atacava com cartas, retirando-lhe os seus conhecimentos. Neste final, Ami ganha uma transformação e ataque novos, conseguindo assim, derrotar o monstro.

Sailor Team
Personagens com poderes congelantes
Personagens capazes de manipular líquidos
Estudantes fictícios
Garotas mágicas

fi:Sailor Moon#Ami Mizuno

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lupine Flowers - Lots of lupine blooming and more on the way!
Cables, Barrels, Etc. - Old mining stuff near cabin.
Cabin - Definitely needs a little maintenance, but still standing.
Lupine Bush - Like I said, there was a lot of this in bloom.
Stone Wall - Remnants of old stage route through the canyon.
Donkeys - Saw two, heard more and plenty of brownies along the way.
Military Gate - Highly secured northern boundary of China Lake Naval Base.
Astragalus - One of many species of milkvetch found at 5700', just above top of canyon.
Evening Primrose - Several plants spotted in upper portion of canyon.
Desert Paintbrush - A little of this here and there.
Donkey - This guy was spotted just below the Defense Mine.
Butterfly Bush - Unusual member of the Figwort Family.
Heermann Buckwheat - Geometrically inclined member of the Buckwheat Family.
Bedstraw - One of the plants in this image appears to be a species of bedstraw.
Jones' False Cloak Fern - Interesting fern growing in cracks in limestone.
Antelope Bush #1 - Bushy member of the Rose Family.
Desert Sandwort - Grasslike member of the Pink Family.
Defense Mine #1 - Large wooden structure located below mine tunnel.
Rock Nettle - Also sometimes referred to as velcro plant due to leaves.
Antelope Bush #2 - Also sometimes called Cliffrose.
Defense Mine #2 - Entrance to mine tunnel.
Defense Mine #3 - Tracks leading to entrance to mine tunnel.
Defense Mine #4 - Tracks splitting into two directions.
Defense Mine #5 - Tracks and shack near mine tunnel.
Defense Mine #6 - View of mine from a little ways down the road.
Cotton Catclaw - This spiny bush is a member of the Sunflower Family.
Lookout City - View out towards Lookout City from waterline trail.
Waterline Trail - A trail following water pipes connects the Defense Mine to Stone Canyon.
Prickly Poppy - Lots of prickly poppy is usually found in this general area.
Wishbone Bush - Lots of this plant in the area in bloom or about to bloom.
Sandwash Groundsel - Senecio flaccidus of the Sunflower Family.
Desert Beardtongue - Penstemon fruticiformis of the Figwort Family.
Stone Canyon Cabin - Old miner's cabin near some mine tunnels.
Scarlet Milkvetch - Colorful member of the Pea Family.
Evening Primrose - Found in side canyon that takes off to south just beyond cabin.
Bushy Cryptantha #1 - Lots of this scattered along the canyon.
Ground Cherry - Sometimes also called Yellow Nightshade.
Outhouse - That would be the Osborne Cabin in the background.
Dry Fall View #1 - Fall located about a mile up from Surprise Mine.
Panamint Phacelia - Plenty of this on the canyon walls.
Dry Fall View #2 - A look at the dry fall from a nearby ridge.
Dry Fall View #3 - Another look at the dry fall.
Desert Beardtongue - A few plants producing flowers were encountered.
Small Fall - Lots of small falls along the course of this canyon.
Another Small Fall - Another easy, but interesting obstacle.
Butterfly Bush #1 - Plenty of this intriguing plant in the canyon.
Butterfly Bush #2 - A plant growing out of a crack in the rock.
Butterfly Bush #3 - A look at the flowers produced by this interesting plant.
Bushy Cryptantha #2 - Another of a multitude of bushy cryptantha bushes.
Rock Nettle - Plenty of Rock Nettle hanging out in precarious places.
Thistle - Only a couple thistle plants were observed.
Heermann Buckwheat #1 - A look at the flowers of this somewhat odd plant.
Heermann Buckwheat #2 - Another look at this unusual plant.
Argus Bedstraw - I believe this to be Galium argense of the Rubiaceae.
Surprise Mine - Wooden structure down in the canyon below the Surprise Mine.
Stone Ruins - Stone structures located in lower portion of canyon.
Beavertail - Colorful cactus flowers!
Trail - Section of trail on steep canyon slope.
Mine Ruins - Main tunnels and ruins in Thompson Canyon.
Pulleys and Wheels - Interesting mining equipment.
Arrastre - Much as it was in September 2007.
Cabin - Wooden portion fallen since 2007.
Prickly Poppy - Not exactly abundant, but scattered around here and there.
Donkeys - Have devastated vegetation at springs and seeps due to second consecutive year of dry weather.
Lookout Road - Looking down on road to Lookout from ridge at 5400 feet.
Stone Canyon - Looking (more or less northwest) up canyon on north side of ridge.
Hedgehog #1 - Bright flower of the hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus engelmannii).
Hedgehog #2 - Pistil and stamens at center of flower.
Hedgehog #3 - Side view of flower and buds.
Yucca - A group of yucca plants at 5400 feet in wash just below ridge.
Cabin View - Looking down on roof of cabin from slope up the canyon.
Ephedra - Also sometimes called Jointfir.
Snowberry - Symphoricarpos longiflorus growing a little ways south from cabin.
Lupine - Apparently the donkeys don't like this plant!
Buckets - A bunch of rusty buckets filled with ore.
"Tools" - Video shot mostly in Thompson Canyon.
Two-Headed Donkey - A most inconvenient arrangement!
Northerly View - Looking north from Ash Hill.
Cryptantha #1 - Small white flowers in gaps between rocks.
Cryptantha #2 - Close look at tiny white flowers.
Witches Hair #1 - Small parasitic orange strands bending in the wind.
Witches Hair #2 - Looks like a plant has been lassoed!
Tufa #1 - Tufa with Lake Hill in background.
Tufa #2 - Tufa with Telescope in background.
Tufa #3 - Another tufa on the east side of Ash Hill.
Mohavea - There were a few of these in bloom between sections of Ash Hill.
Peak 8458' - Snow-covered peak above Wood Canyon.
Telescope Peak - Snow-covered Telescope from Thompson Canyon.
Arrastre - Close look at mechanisms of arrastre.
Cement Pond - Pool of water above arrastre.
Snowy Trail - A little snow on trail at about 5000 feet elevation.
Mine Shaft #1 - Mine shaft with timbers south of Thompson Canyon.
Mine Shaft #2 - Another mine shaft in close proximity to first one.
Stone Structure #1 - Remains of small stone structure near shafts.
Stone Structure #2 - Another small stone structure in the general vicinity of first one.
Loop Hike Route - High Point: Approx 5100'. Low Point: Approx 3300'. Distance: 5.5 miles.
Stone Cabin #1 - Stone cabin about a mile from the trailhead.
Road Wall - Old wall of rock from road through canyon.
Three Donkeys - Three donkeys in upper portion of canyon.
Upper Road - Road heading northeast above canyon.
Scattered Yuccas - Looking southwest at about 5500 feet.
End of Road - Road ends at prospects at about 5800 feet.
Prospects - Some debri and a few shallow holes found at end of road.
Mining Apparatus - This is the only "structure" left standing at the prospects.
Osbourne Canyon - Looking down Osbourne Canyon with Panamint Dunes and Lake Hill in the distance.
Lizard - Lizard on rock at 6000 feet. Neat little blue speckles on this one!
Terpentine Broom - Also known as Desert Rue!
Indian Paintbrush - Lots of small plants bearing flowers observed.
Return of Donkeys - Actually I saw a total of five different individual donkeys.
Milkvetch - Milkvetch was another somewhat abundant plant with flowers.
Cabin with Road - A view of the cabin later in the day.
Mine Structure - Old structure a little ways down the canyon from the cabin.
Old Road #1 - Remants of old road dropping from Ash Hill.
Old Road #2 - Another view of the old road over Ash Hill.
Loading Ramp - Loading ramp located at mouth of Osborne Canyon.
Down Canyon - Looking down canyon from below Surprise Mine Camp.
Surprise #1 - Buildings at Surprise Mine Camp.
Surprise #2 - Another view of buildings at mine camp.
Surprise Stove - The stove inside the main building.
Surprise Shack - Small shack in front of main building.
Surprise #3 - Surprise Mine Camp from another angle.
Up Canyon - Looking up the canyon from the mine camp.
Zinc Hill - View looking up side canyon at a neighbor of Zinc Hill.
Surprise #4 - Surprise Mine Camp from above.
Ore Bunker #1- Ore bunker at end of road below mine tunnels.
Cable - Cable dropping down from tunnels up above.
Ore Bunker #2 - Another view of the ore bunker at end of road.
Layered Rocks - Some interesting rocks near end of road.
Canyon to North - Looking north from north ridge of Osborne Canyon.
Box Thorn #1 - Box thorn blooms on ridge.
Box Thorn #2 - More box thorn blooms on ridge.
Box Thorn #3 - Even more box thorn blooms on ridge.
Mine Claim - Stack of rocks on north ridge of canyon.
Prince Albert - Can probably containing mine claim papers.
Ash View #1 - Looking down on Ash Hill.
Road View #1 - View of road up canyon.
Road View #2 - Another view of the road.
Ash View #2 - Another view of Ash Hill.
North from Ash - Looking north from base of Ash Hill.
Ash to West - Looking west from base of Ash Hill.
Side Road - Side road to north ridge of canyon.
Telescope - View of Telescope Peak with snow just before sunset.
Argus Snow - Snow on the Argus Range.
Below Camp #1 - Scattered remnants of some sort of camp about 200 yards below Thompson Camp.
Below Camp #2 - More remnants below Thompson Camp.
Stone Cabin #1 - Deteriorating cabin at Thompson Camp.
Side Canyon - Canyon taking off to the south just below Thompson Camp.
Lookout Roads - Looking north up at the roads leading to Lookout City.
Metal Shack - Small metal shack at Thompson Camp.
Water Pipe #1 - Water pipes can be found along the canyon bottom for over two miles through Thompson Canyon.
Water Pipe #2 - More water pipes.
Pipe and Pool - Section of pipe and small pool that appears to be frequented by donkeys.
Trash - Debris scattered at canyon bottom below mine ruins.
Cave #1 - This tunnel or cave is located just up from the debris pile.
Mine Ruins #1 - Mine ruins on side of canyon a little over a mile up from Thompson Camp.
Mine Ruins #2 - Another view of the mine ruins.
Mine Ruins #3 - The interesting thing is that it appears that everything at this mine site must have been carted in on the back of donkeys.
Hook - Hook hanging above main structure at mine site.
Tunnel Bed - A mine tunnel with a small bed near entrance.
Wheelbarrow - One of the wheelbarrows left at the site.
Engine - This must of been a back-breaker for the poor donkeys that had to haul this thing up the steep trail leading to the mine site!
Buckets - Buckets filled with ore samples.
Tunnel Ladder - Tunnel with a ladder near the entrance.
Mine Ruins #4 - Looking down on most the site.
Arrastre #1 - Arrastre near upper cabin, nearly two miles from Thompson Camp.
Chain In Rock - Chain attached to rock next to arrastre.
Arrastre #2 - Close up view of arrastre mechanisms.
Reservoir #1 - Empty reservoir right above arrastre.
Reservoir #2 - Another view of reservoir.
Roads Below - View of roads leading to Minietta Cabin from ridge at 4900 feet.
Upper Cabin #1 - Upper cabin located nearly two miles from Thompson Camp.
Cabin View - View from upper cabin looking across Panamint Valley toward Telescope Peak.
Upper Cabin #2 - View of other side of upper cabin.
Moonrise - View looking down Thompson Canyon across Panamint Valley of the moon rising.
Cave #2 - Another view of cave below ruins.
Mine Ruins #4 - Another view of ruins.
Stone Cabin #2 - Another view of cabin.
Minnietta Mine #1 - Ruins near Minietta Cabin.
Minnietta Mine #2 - Mining apparatus and Telescope Peak.
Minnietta Mine #3 - Looking down on cabin from mine tunnel.
Minnietta Mine #4 - Road and rock walls as seen from above.
Minnietta Mine #5 - Roads and top of mine shaft.
Mines on Ridge - Looking up at mines above Minietta Cabin.
Ridge Mines From Above - Previous mines from above.
Minnietta Cabin - Front of cabin with BLM sign.
Inside Cabin - Items inside main room of cabin.
Outhouse - Restroom facilities at Minietta Cabin.
Minnietta From Lookout - Looking down on cabin from top of ridge.
Information Sign - Historical information regarding Lookout City.
Lizard Near Ruins - Local resident getting a little sun.
Lookout Ruins #1 - Stone walls with Telescope in the background.
Lookout Ruins #2 - More stones walls at Lookout City. Lake Hill in background.
Lookout Ruins #3 - Telescope with snow and more stone walls.
Lookout Ruins #4 - Looking south with stone cabin in foreground.
Lookout Ruins #5 - Looking down on roads below Lookout.
Lookout Ruins #6 - Interesting relic in lower part of Lookout City.
Lookout Ruins #7 - Deteriorating roof beams of largest cabin.
Lookout Ruins #8 - Another view of largest cabin.
Lookout Ruins #9 - Inside of largest cabin looking out through door.
Lookout Ruins #10 - View to north with some ruins in foreground.
Jack Gunn From Lookout - Looking west toward mouth of Jack Gunn Canyon.
Scorpion Near Ruins - Another local resident getting some fresh air.
Road Beyond Lookout - Road extending towards several mine tunnels.
Mine Entrance - Broken door in front of mine tunnel.
Donkey #1 - Black burro on slope above canyon.
Donkey #2 - Black burro and yuccas.
Donkeys - Three Donkeys on slope above canyon.
Pipe - Water pouring out of pipe.
Rabbit - Rabbit under rocks near top of canyon.
Hole in Rock - Small cave near hilltop.
Spring in Cave - Water in rock tunnel.
Stone Cabin #1 - Cabin a couple miles hike up canyon.
Stone Cabin #2 - Cabin, trail, and mine apparatus.
Stone Cabin #3 - Cables extending down to mine apparatus.
Tecate - Bottles and cans inside cabin.
Telescope Peak - Snow on peak across valley.
Military Signs #1 - Military boundary at top of canyon.
Military Signs #2 - Gate warning against trespassing.
Top of Canyon #1 - View to northeast at top of canyon.
Top of Canyon #2 - Yuccas at top of canyon.
Top of Canyon #3 - View to south at top of canyon.
Top of Canyon #4 - Looking back toward the canyon.
Top of Canyon #5 - Military boundary and Sierras in distance.
Top of Canyon #6 - Rugged yucca at top of canyon.
Road #1 - Stone wall holding up portion of road.
Road #2 - Rail along side of old road.
Road #3 - Another view of stone wall.
Bottle #1 - Old bottle found at top of canyon.
Bottle #2 - Another view of old bottle.
Bottle #3 - Yet another view of old bottle.
Bottle #4 - Close up of bottom of bottle.
Historic Bottle Page - Information about old bottles.