text:
Vol. 29. Núm. 3. - 2018. Páginas 107-113
Social Cognition and Executive Function Impairment in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa
[La cognición social y el daño de la función ejecutiva en mujeres jóvenes que padecen anorexia nerviosa]
Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdiviaa and Brenda Nadia Chino-Vilcaa,b
aUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Perú bUniversidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Perú
Received 6 May 2018, Accepted 12 July 2018
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a very debilitating disorder and has shown different cognitive deficit patterns. Some of them are controversial because they relate some deficit with autistic traits. Both, social cognition and executive function are top-down processes that regulate social interaction and adaptive behavior in a complex world. Neurocognitive profiles focused on this process are especially useful as endophenotypes in clinic research and intervention.The aims of this study are (1) assessing the contribution of social cognition and executive function to socio-emotional and neurocognitive patterns in anorexia nervosa and (2) investigating the possible relationships between social cognition tasks and executive function measures and clinic features in this eating disorder. Fifteen adolescents with anorexia nervosa and 15 healthy controls took part in this study. Patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-R criteria. They had suffered the disease for 3 years (SD ± 1.47). They were compared in social cognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes and the IOWA Gambling Task) and executive function (verbal fluency tasks, trail making test, and digit span test [DST] from the WAIS-III). The results show that there was a significant difference in social cognition, at the theory of mind and the IOWA gambling task. Finally, for the executive function task, adolescents with AN displayed significant differences in both direct DST and inverse DST, as well as in semantic fluency and phonological fluency compared with controls. These domains show different highlysignificant relationships that could explain neurocognitive profiles. In conclusion, many differences were found between adolescents with AN and healthy controls. AN patients displayed important deficits in theory of mind recognition, executive function, and decision making. These deficits could play a role in maintaining pathological patterns and also important endophenotypes in research and intervention might be considered.
La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno muy debilitante y ha mostrado diferentes patrones de déficit cognitivo. Algunos de ellos son controvertidos porque se relacionan con rasgos autistas. Tanto la cognición social como la función ejecutiva son procesos de control "arriba/abajo" que regulan la interacción social y el comportamiento adaptativo en un mundo complejo. Los perfiles neurocognitivos enfocados en este proceso son especialmente útiles como endofenotipos en la investigación clínica y la intervención. Los objetivos de este estudio son: (1) evaluar la contribución de la cognición social y la función ejecutiva a los patrones socioemocionales y neurocognitivos en la anorexia nerviosa y (2) investigar las posibles relaciones entre las tareas de cognición social y las medidas de la función ejecutiva y las características clínicas de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. 15 adolescentes con anorexia nerviosa y 15 controles sanos participaron en este estudio. Los pacientes fueron diagnosticados con los criterios DSM-IV-R. Estos han sufrido la enfermedad durante al menos 3 años (SD ± 1,47). Fueron comparados en la cognición social ("Lectura de la mente a través de los ojos" y la tarea de juego IOWA) y función ejecutiva (tareas de fluidez verbal, prueba de seguimiento y prueba de spam digital del WAIS-III). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la cognición social (teoría de la mente y en la tarea de juego de IOWA). Finalmente, para la tarea de la función ejecutiva, los adolescentes con AN mostraron diferencias significativas tanto en la DST directa como en la DST inversa, así como en la fluidez semántica y la fluidez fonológica. Estos dominios muestran diferentes relaciones altamente significativas que podrían explicar los perfiles neurocognitivos. En conclusión, se encontraron diferencias entre adolescentes con AN y controles sanos. Los pacientes mostraron déficits importantes en la teoría del reconocimiento de la mente, función ejecutiva y toma de decisiones. Estos déficits podrían desempeñar un papel en el mantenimiento de los patrones patológicos y también podrían considerarse endofenotipos importantes en la investigación y la intervención.
Anorexia nerviosa, Endofenotipos, Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, Función ejecutiva, Cognición social.
Anorexia nervosa, Endophenotypes, Eating disorders, Executive function, Social cognition.
Cite this article as: Zegarra-Valdivia, J. A. & Chino-Vilca, B. N. (2018). Social cognition and executive function impairment in young women with anorexia nervosa. Clínica y Salud, 23, 107-113. https://doi.org/10.5093/clysa2018a16
Correspondence: adrianzegarra13@gmail.com (A. Zegarra-Valdivia).
heading:	Research articles
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with many interrelations involved in its development and maintenance (Abbate-Daga et al., 2011; Calderoni et al., 2013), such as environmental, familiar, cognitive, emotional, biological, and genetic vulnerability. AN is characterized by fear of gaining weight, inadequate intake, excessive weight loss, and body-image disturbances (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In the last few years, different studies revealed common traits between the autistic spectrum disorder and AN, associating those symptoms with disruptions in basic neurocognitive processes, especially in social cognition and executive function. These alterations have been proposed as endophenotypes of AN and eating disorders (Hamatani, 2016; Kanakam, Raoult, Collier, & Treasure, 2013). Nevertheless, divergent aspects have been reported, and social cognition studies are in initial stage.
Different studies highlight alterations in executive function as key processes involved in etiopathogenesis, focused on the absence of inhibitory control (Claes, Nederkoorn, Vandereycken, Guerrieri, & Vertommen, 2006), cognitive flexibility (Roberts, Tchanturia, & Treasure, 2010), and perseveration (Waller et al., 2012). Additionally, set-shifting has shown to be and important impairment related to chronicity rather than specific endophenotypes (Vall & Wade, 2015); this would be supported by less specific studies, diagnostic specificity, or small groups. Moreover, no specific differences between healthy controls and individuals with AN were found (Vall & Wade, 2015), contrary to other studies (Chan et al., 2013; Lounes, Khan, & Tchanturia, 2011), pointing out a necessity of further analysis.
Impulsivity and decision-making have also been surveyed, being affected in AN patients. For example, they exhibit insensitivity to feedback in early stages of the IGT (Aloi et al., 2015), both restrictive and purgative AN, where decision-making looks like an interesting endophenotype of eating disorders (Guillaume et al., 2015; Tchanturia et al., 2007). This poor response reflects an alteration of ventromedial prefrontal structures, what leads to taking more risky decisions. On the other hand, clinical perfectionism has recently become an important trait, relevant in eating psychopathology, where a high level of perfectionism interfere with positive outcomes and the maintaining of AN (Hurst & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2015). This tendency to hold irrational expectations of others and oneself (Flett, Hewitt, Blankstein, & Koledin, 1991) may be supported by failures of the theory of mind, a key process to understanding others' mind, emotions, and intentions (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, 1985). Thus, some studies speculate about the relation of anorexia nervosa and autistic traits (Courty et al., 2013), underscoring deficits in empathic traits (Baron-Cohen et al., 2013) or social cognition skills (Renwick et al., 2015), even when compared with a new variance of Asperger's syndrome (Oldershaw et al., 2011).
Specific deficits in neurocognitive processes such as the theory of mind, decision-making ,and executive function would point out endophenotype related-deficits for psychiatric disorders more than categorical relations. Highlighting neurocognitive networks as endophenotypes would elucidate genetic and neurobiological architecture deficits of the social brain. In summary, social cognition studies suggest an impairment in AN, but are still unclear or contradictory. Likewise, decision-making and executive function (EF) evidence have not been consistently studied in AN. Therefore, the aims of this study are (1) to assess the contribution of social cognition and executive function to socio-emotional and cognitive patterns in AN and (2) to investigate the possible relationships between social cognition tasks and EF measures and clinic features in AN.
All participants were native Spanish speakers and were tested individually in a quiet room at the hospital. The sequence in which tests were administered were identical for all subjects. The demographic and clinical features of the sample are shown in Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample
Note. 1Mean and standard deviation; 2by medical history;3from the first clinic diagnosis.
Neuropsychological test. The neurocognitive appraisal was performed in two 30-minute sessions. We used the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (Baron-Cohen, Jolliffe, Mortimore, & Robertson, 1997; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001) and the IOWA Gambling Task (Bechara, 2004; Brevers, Bechara, Cleeremans, & Noël, 2013; Fukui, Murai, Fukuyama, Hayashi, & Hanakawa, 2005) to asses social cognition.
The Reading the Mind in the Eyes is a social sensitivity test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill et al., 2001; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Spong, Scahill, & Lawson, 2001). Participants perceived 36 images of human faces expressing a complex mental state like thoughts, intentions, or emotions through facial expression. Each image was accompanied by four adjectives that described mental state. Participants were asked about the sexual identity of people in the pictures as a control perception task, in conjunction with the appropriate mental state (see Figure 1).
Reading the Mind in the Eyes. Chart illustrating the evaluation of gaze and sex recognition. Participants analyze images and choose one mental state out of four possible states. This test measures a person's ability to understand others' emotional states.
The IOWA Gambling Task was supported by PEBL (Psychology Experimental Building Language; Mueller & Piper, 2014). It measures decision-making by risk-benefit elections following the selection of four possible cards. Participants receive rewards or penalizations in a total of 100 attempts; the assessed subject will know at all times how to make their decisions or not profits, and after 100 attempts the amount of successes/failures that mediated somatic markers (Bechara, 2004) were measured. An emotional learning curve with 5 principal scores of each 20 responses was designed (see Figure 2). The purpose of the game is to obtain the greatest possible reward (León, Martínez, Cruz, & Hernández, 2011).
IOWA Gambling Task. A screen shot of the test supported by PEBL. Participants must choose one card by one evoking aleatory rewards or punishment to obtain the major posible cash. A learning emotional curve is given after one hundred attempts.
Other brief neurocognitive tests used to measure executive function were: the verbal fluency test, semantic and phonologic, and the digit span test. Both tests evaluated working memory, flexibility, and attentional shifting (Ardila & Ostrosky, 2012; Tirapu-Ustárroz, Muñoz-Céspedes, Pelegrín-Valero, & Albeniz-Ferreras, 2005; Wechsler, 1997). These tests were selected for its easy and administration and short time of administration.
Neurocognitive appraisal was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Board of the "Moisés Heresi" Hospital in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 20 (SPSS, Inc., USA). We used the Mann-Whitney U-test to compare both groups. We also used the Spearman correlation between variables. Table 2 displays the Spearman correlations. Results were significant at p < .05 and p < .01.
The theory of mind and decision-making are core cognitive processes in social cognition. The theory of mind appraisal does not find any difference for recognition of sexual identity (u = 76.000, p < .117) as a control measure of perception process. Gaze recognition of intentions, thoughts, and emotion display statistically significant differences between AN patients and healthy controls (u = 56.000, p < .018) (see Figure 3). The theory of mind is clearly reduced in the clinic group compared with healthy controls and could be related with less social interaction or empathy and more autistic characteristics. The absence of differences in sex recognition display a preserved perception process. More importantly, the mental state essay may show failures to understand others' mind and will be and indirect measure of their own comprehension of mental states and emotions in these subjects.
Reading the Mind in the Eyes. Comparison between clinic and control group. Patients with anorexia nervosa display worse recognition of gaze than controls. Perhaps, they display a normal sex recognition.
The decision-making essay was divided in five scores (Bechara, 2004): the first one, IOWA 1, obtained with the first 20 items, does not show discrepancy between groups (u = 78.000, p < .150); the second one, IOWA 2 (items 21-40), shows significant differences (u = 63.000, p < .038); IOWA 3 (items 41-60) and IOWA 4 (items 61-80) scores do not display any difference (u = 93.000, p < .411) and (u = 88.000, p < .304) between both groups respectively; the last score, IOWA 5 (items 81-100) exhibits statistically significant differences (u = 47.000, p < .006). Figure 4 displays an emotional-learning curve in this task with five scores. Healthy participants take more advantageous choices over time consistent with feedback across all elections. By contrast, participants with AN take some disadvantageous choices and their feedback does not show an "adaptive" effect on a better selection. Over time, patients are more impulsive, take risky elections, and will be related with poor clinic response.
IOWA Gambling Task. The clinic group shows significant differences in IOWA scores 2 and 5 compared with controls. They take more disadvantage decisions showing more impulsivity than controls.
For the executive function (see Figures 5 and 6), direct (u = 58.000, p < .022) and inverse (u = 34.000, p < .001) digit-span test shows significant differences together with verbal fluency, in semantic (u = 52.500, p < .012) and phonologic (u = 63.500, p < .04) tasks.
Digit Span Test. The clinic group shows significant differences in both (direct and inverse) task, that displays working memory deficits.
Verbal Fluency. The clinic group shows significant differences in verbal fluency patterns and lexical access with worse semantic and phonological fluency than controls.
Table 2 displays the Spearman correlations. The duration of illness correlate negatively with gaze recognition (p ≤ .033), IOWA 2 (p ≤.006), IOWA 5 (p ≤ .012), and the executive function tasks, such as direct span (p ≤ .015), inverse span (p ≤ .000), phonological (p ≤ .037) and semantic (p ≤ .006) fluency. Other significant relations were not found. Nonetheless, gaze recognition of theory of mind showed positive correlates with inverse span (p ≤ .004) and semantic fluency (p ≤ .022) scores.
Spearman Correlation
*p < .05, **p ≤ .01.
The gambling task shows correlations between scores, as well as digit-span test and verbal fluency (see Table 2). Nonetheless, IOWA 3 correlates with direct span (p ≤ .033*), IOWA 4 with inverse span (p ≤ .002*), phonological fluency (p ≤ .013*) and semantic fluency (p ≤ .022*). Results in the gambling task may reflect a dependent executive function activity (i.e., in more accumulative items in time from 41 to 100 as a working memory mediation).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuropsychological profile of young people with anorexia nervosa, and compare them with a healthy control group, appraising the social cognition and executive function cognitive processes, and analyzing how they are related. The main result is that young people with anorexia nervosa are characterized by worse social cognition abilities and executive function in comparison with healthy controls. Besides, moderate correlations between domains were found. Those disturbances would be understood as endophenotypes of the disorder.
Regarding social cognition, the theory of mind and decision-making were assessed. For the first one, AN shows a normal recognition of sex as a control perceptual task. In contrast, AN patients are less proficient in recognition of intentions, thoughts, and emotions. These results would be related with higher autistic phenotypes (Calderoni et al., 2013; Courty et al., 2013; De Sampaio et al., 2013) showing a poorer analysis of social stimuli, reducing skills to integrate social stimulation and communicative skills, etc. (Kasperek-Zimowska, Zimowski, Biernacka, Kucharska, & Rybakowski, 2016). This process represents a complex control of socio-emotional monitoring, its handicap being that it would be less stable and worse than other disorders such as schizophrenia or the autism spectrum disorder. In a recent meta-analysis study, Westwood et al., (2016) report a significant prevalence of autistic traits in AN patients, although etiology of this deficits is unknown.
Further research may clarify if this trait is a feature or a state (Baron-Cohen et al., 2013). For example, studies need to focus on non-affected relatives searching for similar mentalizing patterns, as well as longitudinal studies and more specific selection of participants with the same age, illness duration, and symptoms. In decision-making, our study reflects similar results as previous studies (Guillaume et al., 2015; Tchanturia et al., 2007), that reflect poorer sensitivity to somatic markers and feedback, alteration of ventromedial prefrontal area, and greater need for immediate reward with an alteration of motivational processes involved in decision-making (Bechara, 2004; Damasio, 1994). These patterns seem to be specific of AN and would be important for detailed therapy/rehabilitation (Aloi et al., 2015; Matsumoto et al., 2015).
Nonetheless, social cognition might involve a neural system related with consciousness as a cognitive and socio-emotional monitoring explaining different symptoms in AN, and its impairment could be considered as an endophenotype of this disorder. Specifically, in AN, hypoactivation in social-cognitive brain networks was reported, involving temporal and medial prefrontal cortex, orbito-medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate activity alterations (Oltra-Cucarella, Espert-Tortajada, & Rojo-Moreno, 2012; Schulte-Rüther, Mainz, Fink, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Konrad, 2012; Tenconi et al., 2015).
In the executive function, patients with AN exhibit worse performance compared to healthy controls. Besides, the executive function reflects a complex conjunction of cognitive processes such as verbal fluency, attention, working memory, planning, etc. Our results display similar differences with controls as previous studies (Calderoni et al., 2013; Fagundo et al., 2012; Gillberg et al., 2010; Oltra-Cucarella et al., 2012; Oltra-Cucarella et al., 2015; Zakzanis, Campbell, & Polsinelli, 2010). Alterations in the executive function in anorexia nervosa are well documented, exhibiting profound dysfunctions in prefrontal and cortico-subcortical networks. Other neurobiological correlates involve ventral attention network, fronto-parietal networks, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and putamen (Collantoni et al., 2016; Lao-Kaim et al., 2015; Oltra-Cucarella et al., 2012).
As for the relationships between domains, Spearman correlations between the theory of mind and digit span test and semantic verbal fluency are moderate. This would be mediated by some similar mechanisms, as working memory and language, as well as attention networks implicated in both domains (Perner & Lang, 1999). Furthermore, emotion-based decision-making scores correlate with executive function displayed by similar neural mechanisms (Fagundo et al., 2012; Homberg, 2012). On the other hand, illness duration show a negative significant correlation with ToM gaze score, as well as with the executive function test (working memory/verbal fluency), probably indicating an impaired condition of those cognitive processes, regardless of the pharmacological/psychotherapy interventions.
The neuropsychological profiles restrict functional and structural processes involved as endophenotypes with neurobiological and genetic disturbances in neuropsychiatric disorders. Given the potential importance of this subject, it is necessary to further investigate the complicated relationship between central coherence, executive function, and social cognition with more specific neurobiological approaches, as fRMI studies, measures of serum neurotrophic factors like BDNF, insulin-like growth factor, oxytocin, vasopressin, leptine, etc. (Dmitrzak-Weglarz et al., 2013; Kasperek-Zimowska et al., 2016; Monteleone & Maj, 2013; Phillips, Jimerson, Pillai, & Wolfe, 2016), or more specific animal models linking biological, behavioral, and cognitive methods.
The main limitation of this study was the small sample size of patients and the absence of AN sub-type groups, such as restrictive or purgative groups. Also a lack of complete neuropsychological evaluation of potential processes, such as central coherence, the cognitive theory of mind, or extending neuropsychological batteries in executive function to evaluate more subdomains, and preferentially with ecological tests (Zoo Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, etc.). Additionally, a follow-up study, and the inclusion of serum measures, sub-clinic, and kin participants would help to understand AN endophenotypes and improve neuropsychological interventions.
The authors would like to thank the participants in this study.
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Monteleone, P., & Maj, M. (2013). Dysfunctions of leptin, ghrelin, BDNF and endocannabinoids in eating disorders: Beyond the homeostatic control of food intake. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38, 312-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.10.021
Mueller, S. T., & Piper, B. J. (2014). The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) and PEBL Test Battery. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 222, 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024
Oldershaw, A., Hambrook, D., Stahl, D., Tchanturia, K., Treasure, J., & Schmidt, U. (2011). The socio-emotional processing stream in Anorexia Nervosa. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 970-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.001
Oltra Cucarella, J., Espert Tortajada, R., & Rojo Moreno, L. (2012). Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa. Cognitive and radiological findings. Neurología (Barcelona, Spain), 27, 504-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2011.08.003
Oltra-Cucarella, J., Rojo Moreno, L., Arribas Sáiz, P., Sanguesa García, C., Latorre Paniagua, P., Hidalgo Muñoz, E., & Rojo Bofill, L. (2015). Impaired executive functioning influences verbal memory in anorexia nervosa. Eating Behaviors, 16, 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.10.013
Perner, J., & Lang, B. (1999). Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 337-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01362-5
Phillips, K. E., Jimerson, D. C., Pillai, A., & Wolfe, B. E. (2016). Plasma BDNF levels following weight recovery in anorexia nervosa. Physiology and Behavior, 165(2016), 300-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.014
Renwick, B., Musiat, P., Lose, A., Dejong, H., Broadbent, H., Kenyon, M., … Schmidt, U. (2015). Neuro- and social-cognitive clustering highlights distinct profiles in adults with anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22366
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Tenconi, E., Degortes, D., Clementi, M., Collantoni, E., Pinato, C., Forzan, M., … Favaro, A. (2015). Clinical and genetic correlates of decision making in anorexia nervosa. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 3395, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1112878
Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Muñoz-Céspedes, J.M., Pelegrín-Valero, C., & Albeniz-Ferreras, A. (2005). Propuesta de un protocolo para la evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas. Revista de Neurología, 41(3), 177-186. https://www.neurologia.com/articulo/2005054
Vall, E., & Wade, T. D. (2015). Trail making task performance in inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review : The Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 23, 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2364
Waller, G., Shaw, T., Meyer, C., Haslam, M., Lawson, R., & Serpell, L. (2012). Persistence, perseveration and perfectionism in the eating disorders. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40, 462-473. https://doi.org/10.1017/S135246581200015X
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Zakzanis, K. K., Campbell, Z., & Polsinelli, A. (2010). Quantitative evidence for distinct cognitive impairment in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Journal of Neuropsychology, 4, 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1348/174866409X459674


text:
Q: How to remove column from file without altering format? I need to remove the first column from files like this:
165 1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090609    1   42  42
166 1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090654    1   42  42
167 1   chr22   42090595    0   1   chr22   42090633    1   42  42
168 0   chr22   42090612    0   1   chr22   42090656    1   42  42
169 0   chr22   42090614    0   0   chr22   42090617    1   40  42
170 0   chr22   42090647    0   1   chr22   42090749    1   42  42
171 1   chr22   42090684    0   1   chr22   42090692    1   42  42
172 1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090743    1   42  42
173 1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090775    1   42  42
174 1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090789    1   42  42
175 1   chr22   42090757    0   1   chr22   42090787    1   42  24
176 0   chr22   42090778    0   0   chr22   42090790    1   42  42
177 0   chr22   42090800    0   0   chr22   42090802    1   42  42
178 0   chr22   42090803    0   0   chr22   42090806    1   42  42

The command
awk '{$1=""; print $0}'

correctly remove the first column but alters the format this way
1 chr22 51178322 0 0 chr22 51178659 1 42 42
0 chr22 51178661 0 0 chr22 51178663 1 42 42
0 chr22 51178667 0 1 chr22 51178790 1 42 23
1 chr22 51178755 0 0 chr22 51178764 1 42 42
0 chr22 51178808 0 1 chr22 51178871 1 42 42
1 chr22 51178869 0 1 chr22 51178895 1 42 42
1 chr22 51178881 0 1 chr22 51178893 1 42 42
1 chr22 51178881 0 1 chr22 51178895 1 42 42
1 chr22 51179213 0 1 chr22 51179213 1 42 42
1 chr22 51180087 0 1 chr22 51180093 1 42 42
1 chr22 51180134 0 0 chr22 51181889 1 42 42
0 chr22 51186192 0 0 chr22 51186192 1 42 42
0 chr22 51186192 0 0 chr22 51186192 1 42 42

Any idea?

A: There are two issues with your approach. First, that looks like a tab-delimited file and you are not telling awk to use tabs. Second, when you set a field to "" in awk, you're not deleting the field, you are just emptying it. So it is still printed and that's why you have an extra space at the beginning of each line in your output.
So, if you want to do this in awk, you would need something like this (this assumes the leading spaces in your example aren't actually part of your file):
$ awk -F"\t" 'BEGIN{OFS="\t"}{for(i=2;i<NF;i++){printf "%s%s",$i,OFS} print $NF}' file
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090609    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090654    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090595    0   1   chr22   42090633    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090612    0   1   chr22   42090656    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090614    0   0   chr22   42090617    1   40  42
0   chr22   42090647    0   1   chr22   42090749    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090684    0   1   chr22   42090692    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090743    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090775    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090789    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090757    0   1   chr22   42090787    1   42  24
0   chr22   42090778    0   0   chr22   42090790    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090800    0   0   chr22   42090802    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090803    0   0   chr22   42090806    1   42  42

But other tools, like cut which has already been mentioned are simpler here. If your file is tab-separated, you can just do:
$ cut -f2- file
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090609    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090654    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090595    0   1   chr22   42090633    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090612    0   1   chr22   42090656    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090614    0   0   chr22   42090617    1   40  42
0   chr22   42090647    0   1   chr22   42090749    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090684    0   1   chr22   42090692    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090743    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090775    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090789    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090757    0   1   chr22   42090787    1   42  24
0   chr22   42090778    0   0   chr22   42090790    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090800    0   0   chr22   42090802    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090803    0   0   chr22   42090806    1   42  42

Some other alternatives:
$ grep -oP '^\s*\S+\s*\K.*' file
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090609    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090654    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090595    0   1   chr22   42090633    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090612    0   1   chr22   42090656    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090614    0   0   chr22   42090617    1   40  42
0   chr22   42090647    0   1   chr22   42090749    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090684    0   1   chr22   42090692    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090743    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090775    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090789    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090757    0   1   chr22   42090787    1   42  24
0   chr22   42090778    0   0   chr22   42090790    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090800    0   0   chr22   42090802    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090803    0   0   chr22   42090806    1   42  42

or
$ perl -pe 's/^\s*\S+\s*//' file
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090609    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090654    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090595    0   1   chr22   42090633    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090612    0   1   chr22   42090656    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090614    0   0   chr22   42090617    1   40  42
0   chr22   42090647    0   1   chr22   42090749    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090684    0   1   chr22   42090692    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090743    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090775    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090789    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090757    0   1   chr22   42090787    1   42  24
0   chr22   42090778    0   0   chr22   42090790    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090800    0   0   chr22   42090802    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090803    0   0   chr22   42090806    1   42  42

or
$ perl -F'\t' -lane 'print join "\t",@F[1..$#F]' file
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090609    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090593    0   1   chr22   42090654    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090595    0   1   chr22   42090633    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090612    0   1   chr22   42090656    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090614    0   0   chr22   42090617    1   40  42
0   chr22   42090647    0   1   chr22   42090749    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090684    0   1   chr22   42090692    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090743    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090775    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090733    0   1   chr22   42090789    1   42  42
1   chr22   42090757    0   1   chr22   42090787    1   42  24
0   chr22   42090778    0   0   chr22   42090790    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090800    0   0   chr22   42090802    1   42  42
0   chr22   42090803    0   0   chr22   42090806    1   42  42

A: This could work if you have spaces as delimiters:
sed 's/^ *//' text.file | cut -f1 -d" " --complement

A: Assuming there are in fact no leading spaces in your file, the following sed-based approach should work:
sed -r 's/^[[:digit:]]+[[:blank:]]+//' input_file

or, more general (as suggested by @terdon)
sed -r 's/^[^[:blank:]]+[[:blank:]]+//' input_file

The first example will replace one or more digits, followed by one or more blank characters, from the beginning of the line, by "nothing", thereby removing this part of the line without change to the rest.
The second example removes any "non-blank" characters, followed by one or more blank characters, and is therefore more generally applicable if the first column may also contain text (e.g. in a header line).
If there are leading spaces, the following modification:
sed -r 's/^[[:blank:]]*[^[:blank:]]+[[:blank:]]+//' input_file

should do the trick since it allows the pattern to be removed to contain zero ore more spaces at the beginning.
Note that [[:blank:]] will match spaces and tabs, so it should also work with tab-separated file formats.
As a general note, changes to the formatting when using awk often come from failure to set the output field separator OFS to the appropriate value. If you modify any individual field in an awk rule, this will cause $0 to be re-generated using the current value of OFS which is SPACE by default, thereby overriding the formatting which the line originally had.
So, if your input file is TAB-separated, modifying any field will lead to the output being space-separated instead, which could explain the change in format you describe. You could overcome this by setting the appropriate internal variable via

awk -v OFS='\t' '{your code here}' input_file

to prevent that, but as @terdon has mentioned, simply setting a field to the empty string does not remove it, and you would end up with an unnecessary additional field separator.

A: You can do this with gnu sed
$ sed -Ee 's/\S+/\n&/2;s/.*\n//' file

We mark the beginning of the second field and then delete everything upto it.
Same approach as in above but using awk
awk '
  BEGIN {
    s = "[[:space:]]"; S = "[^[:space:]]"
    F = S"+"s"*"
  }
  sub(s"*" F, "")+1
' file

Same approach as above but with match function
awk '
   BEGIN {
     s = "[[:space:]]"; S = "[^[:space:]]"
     F = S"+"s"*"
   }
   match($0, F) {
     $0 = substr($0, RSTART+RLENGTH)
   }1
' file

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How can I get Fetch 4.0 to stop launching when I'm trying to connect to an FTP site using Safari? By mistake I hit "Make Fetch the Internet Configuration FTP Helper" under "Customize," and now I can't find a way to go back.
I would try choosing Customize > Fetch as FTP Helper > Stop helping Internet Explorer. If that does not help I would download a copy of Fetch 5 from http://fetchsoftworks.com and change the FTP helper setting to Safari in the General pane of Preferences.


Looking to enhance the colour of your pond water between Nature's Pond Conditioner treatments? Look no further – introducing Nature's Pond Dye.
Using a blended mix of pigments, this pond dye will produce an overcast natural deep color. Unlike other dyes on the market, Nature's Pond Dye produces a darker, rich, more genuine appearance that will complement the landscape and terrain. Not only are all our products eco-friendly, we want them to look all-natural too!


text:
Ghislaine Maxwell will not testify in sex case related to Jeffrey Epstein
British socialite Ghislaine Maxwell said she would not testify at her trial on federal criminal charges related to her alleged abetting of Jeffrey Epstein's sexual abuse of underage girls.
"Your honor the Government has not proved its case beyond a reasonable doubt and so there's no reason for me to testify," the 59-year-old Maxwell told the judge at her trial in Manhattan federal court.
Maxwell's defense lawyers rested their case on Friday. Prosecutors said they will not present evidence or testimony to rebut the defense's case.
British socialite Ghislaine Maxwell on Friday said she would not testify at her trial on federal criminal charges related to her alleged abetting of the late money manager Jeffrey Epstein's sexual abuse of underage girls.
Closing arguments in the trial are set for Monday. Jurors could begin deliberating Maxwell's fate later that same day.
Maxwell, who has been held without bail since her arrest, is charged with conspiracy to entice and coerce minors to travel to engage in illegal sex acts, sex trafficking and other charges.
Her trial began more than two years after the arrest of Epstein on child sex trafficking charges. Epstein died from what has officially been ruled a suicide by hanging while being held in a federal jail in Manhattan in August 2019.
Epstein years earlier had been a friend to two former presidents, Donald Trump and Bill Clinton, Britan's Prince Andrew, and a number of other wealthy, high-profile people.
One of Epstein's accusers, Virginia Giuffre, earlier this year sued Prince Andrew in Manhattan federal court, claiming that she had sex with the royal family member three times in London, New York and the Virgin Islands in 2001, when she was just 17 years old.
Giuffre alleges that she had sex with Andrew at the direction of Maxwell and Epstein.
This is breaking news. Please check back for updates.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is what I use for my visual navigation. Find Magellanic clouds and Andromeda galaxy first. If you remember where Sun is placed in our galaxy relative to these galaxies, you can locate it's neighbourhood. Go there and try to find Orion nebula and Orion's bright giant stars (Rigel, Betelgeuse, Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka). Do not click on any star to see get its name, cheater! Then move yourself into a position where shape of the Orion constellation looks right (as it would be seen normally from Earth). There you can locate the Pleiades cluster. Place yourself more precisely to adjust it's position in space relative to the Orion. Then do the same for Giades cluster, until you see bright orange giant Aldebaran moving close to you. Place it to the right position near Giades, and then you can see Sirius, Procyon, Alpha Centauri and Sun which forms a recognisable pattern (like twisted rectangle). Now you are almost at home!
EDIT: Tried this in Oculus Rift. This time it was much more harder! I don't know why, but experience in true 3D is very different!
that? Well, I think I'd need to bone up a bit more lol.
The next objective could be to find a way to return to the Milky Way from any place in the visible universe, but in current version this can be done quite easily, because there are only ~10,000 galaxies, and they form as two cones, with the Milky Way somewhere near the center of those cones..
unless you know where the clouds of magellan are in refernce to it.
Fly away from the Milky Way and select the Sun with the object marker - make a note of the marker position on sun from where you are in space. Then orbit around the Milky Way and look at Magellanic Clouds, and remember their position relative to Sun. Now turn off the object marker on Sun, and now try to return to sun using visuals clues only ( use the ';' key to turn off marker).
You're lost in deep space and need to get back home in your starship. Your onboard computer's star charts have been f***ed-up by some hacker who has just infected your ship's computer systems with a space virus via your Galactic Internet Browser (aka IE 9000). Luckily for you, you still have a lock on earth's position. Unfortunalty, the on-screen computer's marker and name tags system has also been infected by the nasty virus, so the only way to get back to Earth is by manually using the onsreen 'distance from Earth' read-out. Set a heading and start flying, start making course corrections as the distance read-out begins to shorten, along the way keep making course corrections as you get closer and closer to Earth. Once you are within 50-100 light-years of Sol, reduce the stars magnitude to roughly 3.5, this will help to identify the local stars in that area from the many background stars. The Sun and local stars are easy to pick out now, then once you find the Sun, just choose the 'third rock' (Earth) it can be seen easily, shining in the darkness.
I started out from the 'edge' of the known universe and found my way back to Earth using this method. It took quite a few course corrections the nearer I got to Earth, but it's a nice feeling when you finally arrive back home.
but if u have any, u get the marker as well. Nice imagining.
Press [;] key to turn off the object marker, or go into the 'Show objects' menu (F4) and untick the check-box.
way, refound it using distance to sol as a guide at the end.
Robbies idea. But I got home.
Hi Neon. Yes, My imagination does run away with me sometimes, that's because I love playing the space pilot.
The quickest time back to Earth took me 7-minutes from outside of the Milky way. With my 'distance read-out' method it's important to keep the lock/fix on Earth, and not to click on any stars to obtain information about their locations. So distance read out must be the only clue to finding Earth.
When I'm around 1000 ly from Earth I make my course corrections in a linear way, by filtering the x,y,z direction, moving through each plane one at a time, using only the W,S, then A,D, and R,F keys in an arbitrary manner. This really helps to fine tune the distance read-out and hone in quickly to Sol's position. I avoid using the mouse for course direction, as the radial movements make honing-in on Sol's position very haphazard. I only start to use the mouse for course changes when I am getting really close to Sol - somewhere around ~10-Lys.
When I'm in the vicinity of Sol, I also reduce the background stars magnitude, the local stars become the only ones seen then, so it becomes easier to locate the Sun from within this ~10 Lys area. The fly speed needs to be about 0.10 pc/sec or less, so as not to fly pass the Sun too quickly.
I've done this quite a few times now, and I'm getting quite proficient at it.
I just repeated my return flight back to Earth, this time with the HUD disabled.
hehe yeh nice one Vova :)... I finishd mine at my home town.
where there is no real interaction with the universe or gameplay yet.


Mogwai have announced a signature beer. It's called Mogwai Beer Satan (a play on their song "Mogwai Fear Satan," from 1997's Mogwai Young Team), and it was developed in partnership with U.K.-based brewery Signature Brew. The limited-edition IPA will be celebrated by the band at the Signature Brew Taproom & Venue in East London, where the band's Stuart Braithwaite will deliver a DJ set on November 15. The event is free; find more information on that here.
Earlier this year, Mogwai released the original motion picture soundtrack to Josh and Jonathan Baker's action movie KIN. Read "Looking at 20 Years of Mogwai" over on the Pitch.


text:
Areas and Suburbs
Education and Schools in Riyadh
As Saudi Arabia's formal centre of commerce and diplomacy, Riyadh has historically had a large expat community. As such, the city has a good selection of international schools to serve the needs of its foreign population.
Expats don't have access to public schools in Saudi Arabia as admission into these institutions is usually restricted to Saudi citizens and naturalised Arabs. This increases demand at international schools, resulting in limited places and often hefty fees. It's therefore important that expats apply to several schools as early as possible.
International schools in Riyadh
The requirements for securing a place at an international school in Riyadh vary from one institution to the next. Some schools may require written references from a child's previous schools while others require students to sit an entrance examination. While most international schools in Riyadh are not selective, others, such as the British and American schools, give preference to students according to their nationality. Although it is not necessary for children to attend a school sponsored by their country of origin, the logistical transition between systems tends to be easiest in this sort of situation.
A non-refundable application fee is a standard procedure. Some schools also require parents to pay an extra seat deposit. In addition, parents often have to fork out for uniforms, textbooks and extra-curricular activities. Therefore it is advisable for expats to negotiate a schooling allowance into their expat relocation packages wherever possible.
The school year in Saudi Arabia runs from September to June, and is normally divided into two or three semesters, depending on the school. The school week is Sunday to Thursday, with Friday and Saturday being the weekend. School hours in international schools are usually from 7am to 3.30pm. Schools days are shortened during the holy month of Ramadan.
Homeschooling in Riyadh
Homeschooling is not generally recognised in Saudi Arabia and expats living in Riyadh may struggle to find resources. However, it is not illegal, so numerous expats do follow this option, even just temporarily until they manage to secure a place for their child at an international school.
Login or Register to read the full city page
►See International Schools in Riyadh for a list of private international schools
►For more about schooling options, see Education and Schools in Saudi Arabia
Are you an expat living in Riyadh?
Expat Arrivals is looking for locals to contribute to this guide, and answer forum questions from others planning their move to Riyadh. Please contact us if you'd like to contribute.
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text:
(-) = Simon
Institutional Repository (21)
Geoscience Reports (1)
Hydraulic Engineering Reports (1)
Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle (2)
Kirkwood–Buff integrals (2)
Sea level change (2)
And modelling (1)
BRCAness (1)
Density fluctuations (1)
Dynamics: gravity and tectonics (1)
GIA models (1)
Glaciology (1)
Kirkwood-Buff integrals (1)
Kirkwood-Buff theory (1)
Molecular simulations (1)
Neoadjuvant (1)
North Atlantic (1)
Numerical solutions (1)
PARP inhibition (1)
Palis conjecture (1)
Rheology: mantle (1)
Satellite geodesy (1)
Small system method (1)
Solution theory (1)
Triple-negative breast cancer (1)
US East Coast (1)
acidic solutions (1)
chemotherapy benefit (1)
differences of Cantor sets (1)
electrochemistry (1)
finite-size effects (1)
Vlugt (4)
Bedeaux (3)
Dawass (3)
Kjelstrup (3)
Krüger (3)
Bernards (2)
Frederikse (2)
Hoekstra (2)
Kleinherenbrink (2)
Majewski (2)
Tighe (2)
Van Hecke (2)
Wessels (2)
Bedaux (1)
Bismeijer (1)
Boelhouwer (1)
Bosma (1)
Boumeester (1)
Broeksmit (1)
Broersma (1)
Chresta (1)
Dagios-Bohy (1)
Dagois-Bohy (1)
De Lannoy (1)
Dekking (1)
Emanuels (1)
Grisnich (1)
Groetelaers (1)
Grundmann (1)
Havenaar (1)
Characterization of the Interaction between Tollmien-Schlichting Waves and a DBD Plasma Actuator using Phase-locked PIV
Widmann, A. (author), Kurz, A. (author), Simon, B. (author), Grundmann, S. (author), Tropea, C. (author)
The research reported in this study addresses the direct measurement of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves on a flat plate, when the laminar boundary layer is excited by velocity perturbations. Tollmien-Schlichting waves are a precursor to natural laminar-to-turbulent transition and, if these waves can be reduced in amplitude, a transition delay...
conference paper 2013
Wireless Communication over Time-Varying Channels With Limited Feedback
Simon, C. (author)
The number of deployed wireless communication systems has grown rapidly in the last years. Their popularity is mainly due to the effortlessness with which the systems can be deployed. Further, the new generation of wireless systems, e.g., 802.11n, starts to close the performance gap to their wired counterparts. The performance of these systems...
doctoral thesis 2011
Characterization of Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4 spinel materials treated with aqueous acidic solutions
Simon, D.R. (author)
In this thesis an investigation of two spinel materials, Li4Ti5O12 and LiMn2O4 used for Li-ion battery applications is performed interms of formation and reactivity towards acidic solutions. Subsequent characterizations such as structural, magnetic, chemical, and electrochemical characterizations are performed and discussed.
Contact changes near jamming
Van Deen, M.S. (author), Simon, J. (author), Zeravcic, Z. (author), Dagois-Bohy, S. (author), Tighe, B.P. (author), Van Hecke, M. (author)
We probe the onset and effect of contact changes in soft harmonic particle packings which are sheared quasistatically. We find that the first contact changes are the creation or breaking of contacts on a single particle. We characterize the critical strain, statistics of breaking versus making a contact, and ratio of shear modulus before and...
Feedback Quantization for Linear Precoded Spatial Multiplexing
Simon, C. (author), Leus, G. (author)
This paper gives an overview and a comparison of recent feedback quantization schemes for linear precoded spatial multiplexing systems. In addition, feedback compression methods are presented that exploit the time correlation of the channel. These methods can be roughly divided into two classes. The first class tries to minimize the data rate on...
Colorectal cancer intrinsic subtypes predict chemotherapy benefit, deficient mismatch repair and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Roepman, P. (author), Schlicker, A. (author), Tabernero, J. (author), Majewski, I. (author), Tian, S. (author), Moreno, V. (author), Snel, M.H. (author), Chresta, C.M. (author), Rosenberg, R. (author), Nitsche, U. (author), Macarulla, T. (author), Capella, G. (author), Salazar, R. (author), Orphanides, G. (author), Wessels, L.F.A. (author), Bernards, R. (author), Simon, I.M. (author)
In most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, outcome cannot be predicted because tumors with similar clinicopathological features can have differences in disease progression and treatment response. Therefore, a better understanding of the CRC biology is required to identify those patients who will benefit from chemotherapy and to find a more...
The algebraic difference of two random Cantor sets: The Larsson family
Dekking, M. (author), Simon, K. (author), Székely, B. (author)
In this paper, we consider a family of random Cantor sets on the line and consider the question of whether the condition that the sum of the Hausdorff dimensions is larger than one implies the existence of interior points in the difference set of two independent copies. We give a new and complete proof that this is the case for the random Cantor...
Antarctic contribution to sea level rise observed by GRACE with improved GIA correction
Ivins, E.R. (author), James, T.S. (author), Wahr, J. (author), Schrama, E.J.O. (author), Landerer, F.W. (author), Simon, K.M. (author)
Antarctic volume changes during the past 21 thousand years are smaller than previously thought, and here we construct an ice sheet history that drives a forward model prediction of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) gravity signal. The new model, in turn, should give predictions that are constrained with recent uplift data. The impact of the...
Soft-Sphere Packings at Finite Pressure but Unstable to Shear
Dagios-Bohy, S. (author), Tighe, B.P. (author), Simon, J. (author), Henkes, S. (author), Van Hecke, M. (author)
When are athermal soft-sphere packings jammed? Any experimentally relevant definition must, at the very least, require a jammed packing to resist shear. We demonstrate that widely used (numerical) protocols, in which particles are compressed together, can and do produce packings that are unstable to shear—and that the probability of generating...
Partial molar enthalpies and reaction enthalpies from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation
Schnell, S.K. (author), Skorpa, R. (author), Bedeaux, D. (author), Kjelstrup, S.H. (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author), Simon, J.M. (author)
We present a new molecular simulation technique for determining partial molar enthalpies in mixtures of gases and liquids from single simulations, without relying on particle insertions, deletions, or identity changes. The method can also be applied to systems with chemical reactions. We demonstrate our method for binary mixtures of Weeks...
Thermodynamic characterization of two layers of CO2 on a graphite surface
Trinh, T.T. (author), Bedeaux, D. (author), Simon, J.M. (author), Kjelstrup, S.H. (author)
We find by examination of density profiles that carbon dioxide adsorbs on graphite in two distinct layers. We report the activity coefficient, entropy and enthalpy for CO2 in each layer using a convenient computational method, the Small System Method, thereby extending this method to surfaces. This opens up the possibility to study thermodynamic...
The glacial isostatic adjustment signal at present day in northern Europe and the British Isles estimated from geodetic observations and geophysical models
Simon, K.M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Kleinherenbrink, M. (author), Frederikse, T. (author)
The glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signal at present day is constrained via the joint inversion of geodetic observations and GIA models for a region encompassing northern Europe, the British Isles, and the Barents Sea. The constraining data are Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical crustal velocities and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and...
Finite-size effects of Kirkwood–Buff integrals from molecular simulations
Dawass, N.A.A. (author), Krüger, Peter (author), Schnell, S. K. (author), Bedeaux, D. (author), Kjelstrup, S (author), Simon, J. M. (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author)
The modelling of thermodynamic properties of liquids from local density fluctuations is relevant to many chemical and biological processes. The Kirkwood–Buff (KB) theory connects the microscopic structure of isotropic liquids with macroscopic properties such as partial derivatives of activity coefficients, partial molar volumes and...
A benchmark study of numerical implementations of the sea level equation in GIA modelling
Martinec, Z. (author), Klemann, V. (author), van der Wal, W. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Spada, G. (author), Sun, Y. (author), Melini, D. (author), Kachuck, S. B. (author), Barletta, V. (author), Simon, K.M. (author)
The ocean load in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling is represented by the so-called sea level equation (SLE). The SLE describes the mass redistribution of water between ice sheets and oceans on a deforming Earth. Despite various teams independently investigating GIA, there has been no systematic intercomparison among the numerical...
Kirkwood–Buff integrals of finite systems: Shape effects
Dawass, N.A.A. (author), Krüger, Peter (author), Simon, JM (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author)
The Kirkwood–Buff (KB) theory provides an important connection between microscopic density fluctuations in liquids and macroscopic properties. Recently, Krüger et al. derived equations for KB integrals for finite subvolumes embedded in a reservoir. Using molecular simulation of finite systems, KB integrals can be computed either from density...
The BRCA1ness signature is associatedsignificantly with response to PARP inhibitor treatment versus control in theI-SPY 2 randomized neoadjuvant setting
Severson, Tesa M. (author), Wolf, Denise M. (author), Yau, Christina (author), Peeters, Justine (author), Wehkam, Diederik (author), Schouten, Philip C. (author), Chin, Suet-Feung (author), Majewski, Ian J. (author), Michaut, Magali (author), Bosma, Astrid (author), Pereira, Bernard (author), Bismeijer, Tycho (author), Wessels, L.F.A. (author), Caldas, Carlos (author), Bernards, Rene (author), Simon, Iris M. (author), Glas, Annuska M. (author), Linn, Sabine C. (author), van 't Veer, Laura (author)
Background: Patients with BRCA1-like tumors correlate with improved response to DNA double-strand break-inducing therapy. A gene expression-based classifier was developed to distinguish between BRCA1-like and non-BRCA1-like tumors. We hypothesized that these tumors may also be more sensitive to PARP inhibitors than standard treatments. Methods:...
A glacial isostatic adjustment model for the central and northern Laurentide ice sheet based on relative sea level and GPS measurements
Simon, K.M. (author), James, T. S. (author), Henton, J. A. (author), Dyke, A. S. (author)
The thickness and equivalent global sea level contribution of an improved model of the central and northern Laurentide Ice Sheet is constrained by 24 relative sea level histories and 18 present-day GPS-measured vertical land motion rates. The final model, termed Laur16, is derived from the ICE-5G model by holding the timing history constant...
A data-driven model for constraint of present-day glacial isostatic adjustment in North America
Simon, K.M. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author), Kleinherenbrink, M. (author), Tangdamrongsub, N. (author)
Geodetic measurements of vertical land motion and gravity change are incorporated into an a priori model of present-day glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in North America via least-squares adjustment. The result is an updated GIA model wherein the final predicted signal is informed by both observational data, and prior knowledge (or...
The sea-level budget along the Northwest Atlantic coast: GIA, mass changes, and large-scale ocean dynamics
Frederikse, T. (author), Simon, K.M. (author), Katsman, C.A. (author), Riva, R.E.M. (author)
Sea-level rise and decadal variability along the northwestern coast of the North Atlantic Ocean are studied in a self-consistent framework that takes into account the effects of solid-earth deformation and geoid changes due to large-scale mass redistribution processes. Observations of sea and land level changes from tide gauges and GPS are...
Kirkwood-Buff integrals from molecular simulation
Dawass, N.A.A. (author), Krüger, Peter (author), Schnell, Sondre K. (author), Simon, Jean Marc (author), Vlugt, T.J.H. (author)
The Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory provides a rigorous framework to predict thermodynamic properties of isotropic liquids from the microscopic structure. Several thermodynamic quantities relate to KB integrals, such as partial molar volumes. KB integrals are expressed as integrals of RDFs over volume but can also be obtained from density...


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English musicians born in 1976
Here are 27 famous musicians from England were born in 1976:
Martine McCutcheon
Martine McCutcheon (May 14, 1976	London Borough of Hackney-) a.k.a. Martine McCutchean, Matine McClutcheon, Martine McCuthcheon, Martine Kimberley Ponting, McCutcheon, Martine or Martine Kimberley Sherri Ponting is an English singer, actor and author.
Her most recognized albums: You, Me & Us, Wishing, I'm Over You, On the Radio, I've Got You, Talking in Your Sleep / Love Me, Musicality and . Genres related to her: Pop music and Adult contemporary music.
Read more about Martine McCutcheon on Wikipedia »
Keeley Hawes
Keeley Hawes (February 10, 1976	Marylebone-) also known as Claire Hawes, Claire Julia Hawes or Clare Julia Hawes is an English actor, model and voice actor. Her children are Ralph Macfadyen, Myles McCallum and Maggie Macfadyen.
Read more about Keeley Hawes on Wikipedia »
Gaz Coombes (March 8, 1976	Oxford-) otherwise known as Coombes, Gaz is an English singer, musician, singer-songwriter, guitarist and record producer.
His albums include Simulator, Here Come the Bombs and Matador. Genres: Britpop and Alternative rock.
Read more about Gaz Coombes on Wikipedia »
Will Mellor (April 3, 1976	Bredbury-) also known as William Mellor or William "Will" Mellor is an English actor. He has two children, Jayden Will Mellor and Renee Mellor.
Read more about Will Mellor on Wikipedia »
Dean Butterworth
Dean Butterworth (September 26, 1976	Rochdale-) also known as Butterworth, Dean is an English musician and drummer.
Genres he performed: Gothic rock, Alternative rock, Pop punk, Folk rock and Post-hardcore.
Read more about Dean Butterworth on Wikipedia »
Tim Rice-Oxley
Tim Rice-Oxley (June 2, 1976	Oxford-) also known as Timothy James Rice-Oxley, Rice-Oxley, Tim, Keane or "Tim" Rice-Oxley is an English musician, keyboard player, entrepreneur, composer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, singer and record producer.
Genres: Piano rock, Indie rock, Alternative rock, Soft rock, Pop rock and Folk rock.
Read more about Tim Rice-Oxley on Wikipedia »
James Hearn
James Hearn (June 19, 1976	England-) is an English singer.
Read more about James Hearn on Wikipedia »
Sophie McDonnell
Sophie McDonnell (February 3, 1976	Preston, Lancashire-) is an English presenter, singer and radio personality.
Genres she performed: Pop music.
Read more about Sophie McDonnell on Wikipedia »
Jason 'J' Brown
Jason 'J' Brown (June 13, 1976	Cambridge Military Hospital-) also known as Brown, Jason Paul is an English singer and rapper.
Genres he performed: Pop music, Funk, Pop rock and Hip hop music.
Read more about Jason 'J' Brown on Wikipedia »
Jamie Murphy
Jamie Murphy (December 23, 1976-) is an English , .
Read more about Jamie Murphy on Wikipedia »
Julian Ovenden
Julian Ovenden (November 29, 1976	Sheffield-) is an English actor and singer. He has two children, Johnny Beau Ovenden and Audrey Ovenden.
Read more about Julian Ovenden on Wikipedia »
Ryan Molloy
Ryan Molloy (November 21, 1976	North Shields-) also known as Frankie is an English singer, actor and songwriter.
Genres he performed: Musical theatre.
Read more about Ryan Molloy on Wikipedia »
Ken Lloyd
Ken Lloyd (March 25, 1976	London-) a.k.a. Lloyd, Ken is an English singer.
Genres he performed: Punk rock, Hard rock, Alternative metal, Post-grunge, Alternative rock, Experimental rock and Electronic rock.
Read more about Ken Lloyd on Wikipedia »
Kym Marsh (June 13, 1976	Whiston-) a.k.a. Marsh, Kym, Kimberley Marsh, Kimberley Gail Marsh, Kimberley Gail "Kym" Marsh, Kimberley Gail Ryder, Kimberley Gail "Kym" Lomas, Kym Lomas, Kym Ryder, Hear'Say or Kim Marsh is an English singer and actor. She has four children, Archie Jay Lomas, Polly Lomas, David Ryan Cunliffe and Emily Mae Cunliffe.
Her albums include Come On Over, Cry, Standing Tall and Red Room Sessions. Her related genres: Pop music, Pop rock and Rock music.
Read more about Kym Marsh on Wikipedia »
Rod Jones
Rod Jones (December 3, 1976	South Africa-) also known as Jones, Rod is an English guitarist and musician.
His albums: A Sentimental Education. Genres he performed include Indie rock.
Read more about Rod Jones on Wikipedia »
Steven Reid Williams
Steven Reid Williams (March 1, 1976	Bristol-) is an English singer-songwriter.
Read more about Steven Reid Williams on Wikipedia »
Lincoln Jean-Marie
Lincoln Jean-Marie (December 27, 1976-) otherwise known as Lincoln Jean Marie is an English singer. He has one child, Tre Jean-Marie.
Genres: Jazz, Rhythm and blues, Soul music, Soft rock and Christian music.
Read more about Lincoln Jean-Marie on Wikipedia »
Teddy Thompson
Teddy Thompson (February 19, 1976	London-) also known as Thompson, Teddy is an English singer-songwriter and musician.
His albums: Separate Ways, Upfront & Down Low, L.A., Teddy Thompson, Blunderbuss, A Piece of What You Need, I Should Get Up and Bella. Genres: Folk music, Rock music and Alternative country.
Read more about Teddy Thompson on Wikipedia »
Orlando le Fleming (July 7, 1976	Birmingham-) also known as Fleming, Le, Orlando is an English , .
His albums include OWL Trio.
Read more about Orlando le Fleming on Wikipedia »
Harry Escott
Harry Escott (September 9, 1976	London-) is an English composer, musician and film score composer.
His most recognized albums: Shifty Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. Genres: Film score.
Read more about Harry Escott on Wikipedia »
Andy C
Andy C (April 6, 1976	Walsall-) also known as Andrew Clarke is an English record producer and disc jockey.
His albums: Cool Down / Roll On, Nightlife 2: A Drum and Bass Odyssey, Nightlife, FabricLive.18, Nightlife 4, Nightlife 3, Drum & Bass Arena: Andy C, Ram Raiders: The Mix, Sour Mash E.P. and Nightlife 5. Genres he performed include Drum and bass and Oldschool jungle.
Read more about Andy C on Wikipedia »
Sean Maguire
Sean Maguire (April 18, 1976	Ilford-) otherwise known as Sean Martin Michael Maguire, Maguire, Sean or Sean McGuire is an English singer and actor.
His albums: Suddenly, Sean Maguire, Spirit, Greatest Hits and Someone to Love.
Read more about Sean Maguire on Wikipedia »
James Stelfox
James Stelfox (March 23, 1976	Warrington-) also known as Stel is an English bassist and record producer.
Genres he performed include Alternative rock.
Read more about James Stelfox on Wikipedia »
Joe Sumner (November 23, 1976-) also known as Joseph Sumner or Joseph "Joe" Sumner is an English singer, musician and songwriter.
Genres he performed: Pop music and Rock music.
Read more about Joe Sumner on Wikipedia »
Dan Hawkins
Dan Hawkins (December 12, 1976	Chertsey-) also known as Hawkins, Dan or Daniel Francis Hawkins is an English guitarist, musician, songwriter and record producer.
His related genres: Hard rock, Heavy metal, Glam rock and Glam metal.
Read more about Dan Hawkins on Wikipedia »
Katreeya English
Katreeya English (September 4, 1976	Oxford-) also known as แคทลียา อิงลิช or English, Katreeya is an English singer, model and actor.
Her discography includes: Siamese Kat, Sassy K, Lucky Girl, TBA, Best Hits of Kat, Kat Around the Clock, Show Girls, Lei Rai Ubai Ruk, Perd Floor and Tiwa Hula Hula. Genres she performed: Pop music and Phleng Thai sakon.
Read more about Katreeya English on Wikipedia »
Gordon Moakes
Gordon Moakes (June 22, 1976-) otherwise known as Moakes, Gordon is an English bassist and multi-instrumentalist.
Genres he performed include Indie rock, Art rock, Dance-punk, Post-punk revival, Post-hardcore and Alternative rock.
Read more about Gordon Moakes on Wikipedia »
American musicians born in 1963 List of the top 50 American music stars who died in who were born in 1963
Russian musicians died at age 72 List of the top 16 Russian music stars who died when they were 72
Australian musicians born in 1962 List of the top 19 Australian music stars who died in who were born in 1962
Indonesian musicians died before turning 25 List of the top 4 Indonesian music stars who died before 25
German actors born in 1910 List of the top 6 German actors who were born in 1910
Thai actors born in 1956 List of the top 6 Thai actors who were born in 1956


Loopring will release an iOS version of their Loopr wallet on July 7, enabling users to trade using the Loopring Protocol. iPhone users will be able to make decentralized trades of ERC20 tokens within the Ethereum-based app.
Centralized exchanges have been the target for DDoS attacks and cyber thefts in recent months. NewsBTC has also argued that Japan's crackdown on privacy coins highlights the need for decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and that they are gaining more traction. However less than half of the DEXs listed on Index have gone live.
Loopring (LRC), which is a protocol for creating DEXs, will support ERC20 tokens within the iOS app. The protocol itself can run on any blockchain that uses smart contracts and has been deployed on NEO (LRN) and Qtum (LRQ). Within the app, users will be able to create orders without sending tokens to any third party. The orders are signed with users' private keys and no deposits are required.
The app will also support peer-to-peer (P2P) trading using QR codes. The app generates a QR code to be scanned by the other user to complete the order. These types of orders won't be submitted to order books and require the QR code to be scanned for the order to be completed.
The second version of the Loopring Protocol is set to be released this Fall. Updates include a separate owner and signer during the ordering process, which allows for the owner to place an order by authorizing a broker to do it on their behalf. A callback system will be added to the current contract giving users the option to add an interceptor. There will also be enhanced token registration, opening the doors to new tokens which are registered by smart contracts.
Loopring is also working on a web-based wallet called Circulr which will have the appearance of a centralized exchange while offering decentralized trades. They have completed the design and will be released once they complete the functional implementation. The current launch is set for August.
Loopring (LRC) was added to Bithumb on May 16 alongside TenX (PAY) and Wax (WAX). Trading against Korean Won (KRW), the exchange now accounts for 10% of LPC trades. It also featured in NewsBTC's Asian Cryptocurrency Trading Update today as it's price jumped up 12% in 24 hours.
Featured image from Shutterstock. Story images from Loopring.


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Nations League: Home blow for Mancini as Italy are held by Poles
—- Jorginho's penalty rescued a Nations League point for Italy against Poland in Bologna in Roberto Mancini's first competitive game in charge in the UEFA Nations League.
The Chelsea midfielder's error had earlier allowed Robert Lewandowski to deliver the cross from which Piotr Zielinski volleyed the Poles ahead.
But the hosts were given a way back when Jakub Blaszczykowski fouled substitute Federico Chiesa and Jorginho sent Lukasz Fabianski the wrong way.
Italy visit Portugal on Monday.
The Azzurri, Poland and Euro 2016 winners Portugal are in League A's Group 3 in the inaugural Nations League – with every team playing each other home and away between now and November.
The winners of that group go into next June's play-off to decide the tournament winner. The Nations League also offers teams a chance to reach Euro 2020 if they fail in qualifying next year.
Italy – who failed to qualify for this summer's World Cup – have won one of their past eight games, a 2-1 win over Saudi Arabia in Mancini's first game in charge.
Mario Balotelli made his first competitive appearance since the 2014 World Cup for Italy – led by his former Inter Milan and Manchester City manager – but he had a quiet game in Bologna and was replaced in the second half.
Artem Dzyuba continued his fine international form as he scored the winner for Russia in their Nations League opener against Turkey.
The World Cup quarter-finalists took the lead in their Group B2 match through Denis Cheryshev, scorer of four goals in the summer.
Russia were pegged back by Serdar Aziz's strike but Dzyuba, who scored three World Cup goals, was the hero again with a low drive to earn all three points.
Sweden, the other side in the group, host Turkey on Monday.
A friendly saw Alex McLeish suffer his fourth defeat in five games in charge as Scotland were thrashed 4-0 by Belgium.
The Scots competed in the first half, albeit they trailed at the break after John McGinn was robbed at the edge of his own box and Romelu Lukaku scored.
But they collapsed after the interval. Eden Hazard lashed in before Michy Batshuayi added two more – both after the Scots gave away the ball. It was Scotland's biggest home defeat since England won 5-0 in February 1973.
McLeish's side begin their Nations League campaign on Monday, with early group leaders Albania visiting Hampden after they beat Israel 1-0.
A victory in Hungary is the only success of McLeish's second stint in charge, with the Scots failing to score in defeats by Costa Rica, Peru, Mexico, and now Belgium.
In friendlies in the United States a Luis Suarez brace, the second a cheeky 'Panenka' penalty, helped Uruguay ease to 4-1 win over Mexico, while Argentina rebounded from a poor World Cup to thump Guatemala 3-0.
Uruguay, knocked out of the World Cup by eventual winners France in the quarter-finals, took the lead in Houston in the 21st minute thanks to Jose Maria Gimenez before Raul Jimenez equalised from the spot for Mexico four minutes later.
Man of the Match Suarez grabbed his double in nine first-half minutes, the second an audacious 40th minute chipped penalty, before Gaston Pereiro completed the scoring on the hour mark with his first international goal.
Jimenez could have pulled one back for Mexico, but his second penalty of the match was saved by keeper Fernando Muslera with 16 minutes remaining.
In Los Angeles, a new-look Argentina, missing Lionel Messi, who is taking a sabbatical from international football, and the retired Javier Mascherano, were still too strong for an inexperienced Guatemala.
Gonzalo Martinez got Argentina's first from the penalty spot after 27 minutes, before Giovani Lo Celso doubled their lead eight minutes later with a sweetly struck half volley from 25 meters.
Giovani Simeone, son of Athletico Madrid manager Diego Simeone, scored the third on his national team debut two minutes before halftime to complete the scoring.
The game petered out in a second half following a raft of substitutions but the win was a welcome tonic for a team that disappointed in Russia, handing caretaker coach Lionel Scaloni a solid start.
Simeone said: "Ever since I was a boy my dad told me that one day I would be here. No matter the rival, there was a lot of anxiety to see this new Argentina. In the first half we did everything we had to do."
In another friendly involving South American sides in the United States, Colombia came from behind to beat neighbours Venezuela 2-1 in Miami.
Darwin Machis put Venezuela ahead after just three minutes, but Radamel Falcao equalised with a header nine minutes into the second half before Yimmi Chara got the final touch to a goalmouth scramble to seal Colombia's win in the last minute.


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Best Western Plus Posada Royale Hotel & Suites
1775 Madera Road93065Simi ValleyUSA
About Best Western Plus Posada Royale Hotel & Suites
With a courtyard-style layout around the outdoor pool, Best Western Plus Posada Royale Hotel & Suites is a good value, family-friendly hotel, located centrally in Simi Valley.
The traditionally-styled rooms offer a host of modern amenities, including MP3 docking stations, flat-screen TVs, and free Wi-Fi. Refrigerators and microwaves are also provided.
The hotel features an inviting lobby with a fireplace and free newspapers. The leisure facilities include an outdoor pool, hot tub and fitness center, and there's also a business center.
A free hot and cold buffet breakfast is offered each morning, while on selected evenings, there is a manager's reception in the lobby, with complimentary drinks and snacks.
The Ronald Reagan Library is located three miles from Best Western Plus Posada Royale Hotel and Suites, while Strathearn Historical Park and Rancho Simi are a 10-minute walk away.
1775 Madera Road, 93065, Simi Valley, CA, USA
Telephone: +1 8009944884 | Fax: +1 8055846300 | Official Homepage
Express check-in / out
Superb breakfast.
Guests rave about the breakfast at this hotel, and it seems to be the omelet station that makes all the difference. In addition to the usual buffet fare, you can enjoy a fresh omelet, cooked to order. How's that for a decent meal to start the day? The manager's cheese and wine receptions seem to be a hit too.
Located close to the Ronald Reagan Library.
Movie lovers and outdoor adventurers alike flock to Simi Valley - its glorious mountainous terrain and proximity to Hollywood makes it a star attraction in its own right. Whilst here, the Ronald Reagan Library is a popular place to visit, and here, you'll be just a five-minute drive from it.
Unique atmosphere and great value.
Are you looking for a hotel with all the standard comforts, but with that little extra sparkle? This might be it. While it has all the usual facilities of a Best Western Plus, guests also love the courtyard setting and tranquil atmosphere it provides - all for an affordable, family-friendly price.
The hotel needs an update.
From the dated decor to amenities such as air conditioning units which don't work as efficiently as they could, this hotel could do with some TLC and a revamped design. Maintenance problems seem to be few and far between, but it could be given a fresh face with some cosmetic updating.
There's no elevator.
The hotel only has two floors, but it's worth noting that if you're staying on the upper floor, you'll have to take the stairs, as there's no elevator. Some guests say they wish they'd known this in advance, so if it's going to cause you a problem, it's worth contacting the hotel to request a room on the lower floor.
Noise from the pool and patio.
The price for that charming pool setting and courtyard ambiance is that noise travels - and if there's evening merriment going on in the pool and patio area, it can carry easily to the rooms. However, most guests say that it usually wraps up by about 10.pm.
Hotel Grand Vista Hoteldeals from £62
Hotel Holiday Inn Express Simi Valleydeals from £74
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text:
Hem / Klassiskt / Klassiskt / Lambert, Michel - Lecons de ténèbres - Mauillon, Marc
Lambert, Michel - Lecons de ténèbres - Mauillon, Marc
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'None of us knew what to expect when we took the plunge into the first cycle of the Leçons de Ténèbres by Lambert. The secular work of this great master of the French XVII Century – one of the great singers and pedagogues of his time – was known to us, each one of us having performed many times his wonderful court airs. We thereupon thought that we were on known territory and able to adapt ourselves to suit his religious music, even though it seemed odd to us that these Leçons were not better known or often performed and even less recorded – this first cycle being the very first recording. But from the first working session, we understood why. It took a good three hours just to read the first Leçon – for about ten minutes worth of music! Indeed, the vocal line, abundantly ornamented with Gregorian 'plainchant ', is not rhythmically rigorously organised in relation to the basso continuo line. We therefore had to put in place both parts, melodic and harmonic, with a very careful and well thought out approach. Nonetheless, once we got over these initial hurdles, the music revealed itself to us in all its beauty and its singular depth, the sobriety and the expressivity of the plain-chant comes through almost as a kind of watermark behind the genius and endlessly renewed inventiveness of the ornamentation. We took on the huge task of adapting this score, which had always remained a puzzle for musicologists who in actual fact were very interested in hearing our interpretation in the light of the latest research. Several stages were necessary in order to find the best solution for performing this work whilst remaining as faithful as possible to the original source. Faced with ornamentation both prolific and virtuosic, equally precise as it is mysterious, conserving moments of unexpected liberty in the middle of a very restrained form, one of the major challenges was to find a specific vocality and an adapted continuo, taking us back to the very heart of our artistic research. It is rare, that as a musician we are to such a point interrogated by a score and each one of us by bringing his stone to the edifice, truly lived this adventure as a gift. According to witnesses at the time, we know that these Leçons by Michel Lambert were performed by three singers during the Tenebrae services but we chose the option in this recording of providing a version for male voice, to take into account the fact that our composer himself must have sung these pieces – the score, even if we know that it is not autographed, leads us to believe that it is more of an 'aide-mémoire' rather than a ready to be performed version – and that he sang his own court airs, even though they were written for soprano. He also played the accompaniment, probably on the theorbo – in the company of the gambist and theorbist Nicolas Hotman, of whom we have chosen a few instrumental pieces made use of as preludes, postludes, meditations and phrases in between these Leçons, which at the time were placed in the middle of liturgical services, three days before Easter... If the experience suggested here differs from that which was originally anticipated for these pieces, it's nevertheless worth being listened to notably for the meditative state into which it plunges us. Now we can share with you our gift!'
HMM90236364
Artister Mauillon, Marc
Kompositörer Lambert, Michel
1 Leçons de Tenebres: Première Leçon du Mercredi Sai
7 Leçons de Ténèbres: Deuxième Leçon du Mercredi Sai
10 Leçons de Ténèbres: Deuxième Leçon du Mercredi Sai
12 Leçons de Tenebres: Troisième Leçon du Mercredi Sa
18 Prélude non mesuré für Gambe solo
19 Leçons de Tenebres: Première Leçon du Jeudi Saint,
24 Leçons de Ténèbres: Deuxième Leçon du Jeudi Saint,
29 Leçons de Tenebres: Troisième Leçon du Jeudi Saint
1 Allemande
2 Leçons de Tenebres: Première Leçon du Vendredi Sai
6 Leçons de Ténèbres: Deuxième Leçon du Vendredi Sai
10 Leçons de Ténèbres: Deuxième Leçon du Vendredi Sai
13 Courante
14 Leçons de Tenebres: Troisième Leçon du Vendredi Sa
19 Tombeau de Mezangeau
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A former Nottingham Forest man is among the first five names announced for the Hastings United Legends squad to face Manchester United Legends.
Paul Smith will return to his home town to play for the Hastings United Legends squad in the hotly-anticipated match at The Pilot Field on Saturday September 8.
A fast and tricky winger, Smith began his career with Hastings Town (now United) before being snapped up by Forest for £50,000 in 1993. He failed to make the first team at The City Ground and moved to Lincoln City in December 1997.
Smith, now 43, made more than 150 appearances for the Imps from 1997-2003 before his time at the club was ended by a back injury which forced his retirement from the professional game.
Also in the Hastings United Legends squad are former United players Terry White, Peter Heritage, Sean Ray and Nigel Kane, three of whom have also managed the club.
Chris Eagles, meanwhile, is the fifth name announced for the Manchester United Legends squad.
Eagles played 17 times for United, including in the 2004 and 2007 FA Community Shield matches, before joining Burnley for £1.2 million in July 2008.
He spent three seasons with the Clarets and helped them win promotion to the Premier League in 2009 before spending a further three years with Bolton Wanderers from July 2011.
Eagles went on to have brief spells with Blackpool, Charlton Athletic, Bury, Accrington Stanley, Port Vale and Ross County.