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University Of Science And Technology Of China
University of Science & Technology China (University of Science and Technology of China) China University of science and technology Located Anhui Province Hefei City By Chinese Academy of Sciences Directly under the central authority Deputy ministerial level Organizational system, ranking Construction of world class universities Class A, 211 Project , 985 Project The first batch of 20 degree self assessment colleges and universities. Nine school alliance , Chinese University Presidents Association , University of the Pacific Alliance , International collaboration on Applied Science and technology development , Association of East Asian Research Universities Members, selected Mount Everest plan , 111 plan , 2011 plan , Knowledge innovation project of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Excellent engineer education and training plan , National deepening innovation and entrepreneurship education reform demonstration University , National construction of high level university postgraduate projects , Chinese government scholarship to receive international students in China It is a comprehensive nature of Frontier Science and high and new technology, distinctive management and humanities. National Key Universities 。
University of Science & Technology China was founded in September 1958. Beijing Her establishment was called "a major event in the history of Chinese education and science". After the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out the policy of "running schools and integrating schools". Yan Ji Si , Hua Luogengbest-known Chinese mathematician , Tsien Hsueshen , Zhao Zhong Yao , Guo Yong Huai , Zhao nine Zhang A number of famous scientists were listed as national key universities in second years, and in early 1970, they moved to schools. Anhui Province Hefei City It started second business ventures. After 1978, the school founded the youth class and the first one. Graduate School Building a country Big science project It is also a new initiative to open schools to the world. It is also the only university participating in the national knowledge innovation project.
As of June 2018, there were 20 schools (including 6 schools of science, education and integration), 31 departments, Suzhou Research Institute, Shanghai Research Institute, Beijing Research Institute, advanced technology research institute, First Affiliated Hospital, etc. there were 12 state-level scientific research institutions, 4 key national science and technology infrastructure facilities, and 55 key provincial and provincial level scientific research institutions.
School history of HKUST
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· Background of setting up school
In 1950s, China's scientific and technological strength and comprehensive national strength were very weak, and it was difficult to adapt to the needs of national development and international competition. As a national academic and Research Center, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has a large number of advanced science talents, but it is urgent to replenish excellent reserve forces, especially the cutting-edge technology talents in the field of emerging technology in China. At that time, the distribution of graduates from colleges and universities was difficult to meet the needs in terms of quantity and quality. Under such circumstances, the use of the advantages of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the establishment of a new university with cutting-edge technology and technology talents to cultivate new, marginal and interdisciplinary disciplines has become a common vision of the leaders of the Academy of Sciences and many scientists.
· Deliberation and approval
In March 18, 1958, Dean of the third Academy of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dean Guo Moruo It is pointed out that in order to train cadres, the institutes of science can be attached to higher education institutions.
On May 9, 1958, Zhang Jinfu, the party secretary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, represented the Party group of the Academy of Sciences to take charge of the national science and technology work. Communist military leader The Deputy Prime Minister and the Central Propaganda Department submitted their instructions and suggested that a university should be run by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen immediately reported to prime minister Zhou Enlai that the Academy of Sciences was going to run a university and was granted the approval of Premier Zhou Enlai. On May 21st, Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen submitted a report to the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.
In June 2, 1958, after the discussion of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, the Standing Committee and general secretary of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee Deng Xiaoping The Secretariat approved the report and decided to set up the University. Liu Shaoqi , Zhou Enlai , economic expert He also approved the decision of the Central Secretariat.
· Preparatory process
On June 8, 1958, Guo Moruo, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, presided over the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee of the school and decided that the school was named "University of Science & Technology China". At the same time, the University Preparatory Committee was set up. The meeting adopted the plan for establishing the school and the enrollment prospectus in 1958. It was clear that the teaching equipment was in charge of the relevant research institutes of the Academy of Sciences in principle. The conference decided to set up 12 departments: nuclear physics and nuclear engineering department, Technical Physics Department, chemical physics department, physical and thermal engineering department, radio electronics department, automation department, mechanics and mechanics engineering department, radiation chemistry and radiation chemistry department, geochemistry and rare element system, high score sub chemistry and Polymer Physics Department, applied mathematics and computer technology department, Biophysics Department and so on. Peking University , Tsinghua University Building up a collaborative relationship.
In July 28th of the same year, the school preparatory committee held its first department chair meeting. The meeting decided to set up the applied geophysics department and set up four groups, namely general physics, general chemistry, mathematics and politics.
According to the instructions of Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen, Central Party School In the two part of Yuquanlu Road, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and research institutes supported a large number of cadres, classrooms, workers, books and materials and experimental equipment.
In order to solve the problem of enrollment, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Party committee has submitted approval from the Central Committee, and 1600 freshmen from the Chinese University of science and technology are selected from the provincial and municipal candidates. In June 18th, People's daily "," Guangming Daily "," China Youth News "The China University of science and technology enrolment is published.
At the beginning of September, 150 new students enrolled in the Beijing examination area reported in advance, took part in the compulsory labor such as arranging the campus and building the playground. In September 15th, the freshmen in Beijing took the registration procedures and enrolled 1634 students in the whole school.
On the eve of school, Guo Moruo drafted the lyrics of the school song and extensively asked for revision. In September 19th, Guo Moruo met all the students for the first time. He asked the composer of the school song and Lu Ji, chairman of the National Association of music, to teach the school song "eternal easterly wind" for students.
Initial stage of school establishment
In September 20, 1958, the founding and opening ceremony of University of Science & Technology China was held. PLA Academy of Political Science The auditorium is held. The next day, people's daily and Guangming Daily reported the birth of the Chinese University of science and technology in a major event in the history of Chinese education and science.
In 1959, China University of science and information Incorporated into the Chinese University of science and technology, the Department of science and technology was established. In 1960, the Department was revoked, and students were enrolled in the Department of physics, chemistry and biology. In April 1964, the Chinese Academy of Sciences agreed to merge the original 13 departments into 6 departments: Mathematics Department, physics department, modern chemistry department, modern physics department, modern mechanics department and radio electronics department. The Ministry of education has approved 24 sets of specialties in schools, 23 in 1966 and 5 years in schooling. According to the requirements of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, after the adjustment of department and specialty, the professional courses are basically unchanged, and the teaching and research section is kept in order to keep close contact with the research institutes.
In May 1959, it was included in the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the designation of a number of key schools in higher education institutions.
China University of science and technology began to recruit graduate students in 1963. In 1964, 200 graduate students enrolled in Beijing Institute of science and technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences were also responsible for basic course teaching by Chinese University of science and technology. Geophysicist Zhao nine Zhang I have written to the Faculty of science and I suggest that graduate school of science and technology be set up in China University of science and technology. The Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun The issue of running graduate schools has also put forward a plan, which has been stranded due to the "Cultural Revolution" turmoil.
In 1960, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of computing science jointly developed the "107 computers", the first self designed universal digital computer in China, and the first electronic digital computer in Chinese universities. In February 1960, the school held the first report on scientific research. In September 1963, in order to commemorate the publication of the scientific papers published in 5th anniversary, 80 papers were selected from both teachers and students.
As of 1966, China University of science and technology has trained 4710 graduates for the country, and 85% of them have been assigned to research departments and institutions of higher learning, and most of them have become the backbone of business and leadership. Among the first three graduates, 29 were elected academicians of the two academicians.
In May 1966, " The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Nationwide, the school stopped enrollment, and the teaching and research work was suspended. The 1961 grade students in the headmaster for 6 and a half years, to the December 1967 graduation distribution, to work. Graduate students were not completed until 1968.
In June 1966, according to the request of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee, the Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a working group to the Chinese University of science and technology. Since then, the revelations, criticize meetings, big character poster and big debates have continued to raise the climax of the whole school's Cultural Revolution. By July 29th, the working group decided to withdraw from the University.
March 5, 1968, China University of science and technology Revolutionary Committee Formally established, the office starts the next day, and manages all matters relating to the Revolutionary Committee before the establishment of the various committees of the Revolutionary Committee.
In August 1968, the PLA stationed in Beijing " Mao Zedong thought propaganda team "More than 200 people, the capital workers" Mao Zedong thought propaganda team "the two batch of 300 people stationed in the University of science and technology, led the school" fight, batch, change "campaign.
In February 27, 1969, the school set up the educational revolution group. After that, the school sent 11 revolutionary teams to explore education, and a total of 77 people went to the army, countryside and factories for educational revolution exploration, and went to Shanghai to learn the classics.
In July 9, 1969, the education revolution investigation group of University of Science and Technology of China drafted a draft of the preliminary comments on the common road and the reconstruction of the proletarian new university. Communist labour University of Jiangxi As an example, he studied at Tsinghua University and Peking University, and founded the educational revolution base in Jiangxi. From July 15th to 23, schools sent lots of people to Hubei, Jiangxi, northeast and other places to select "five. Seven" cadre schools so that cadres could take turns to exercise labor.
In October 26, 1969, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the notice on the issue of decentralization of higher education. Liu Xi Yao Jing and the director of Anhui Revolutionary Committee Li Desheng Consultations were ordered to evacuate the combat readiness of China National University of science and technology to Anqing, Anhui. 90 of the advance personnel rushed to Anqing in early December, and then 900 people arrived in the city. They were placed in a three storey building in the Party School of Anqing municipal Party committee. They were overcrowded, accommodation and other basic life could not be maintained.
Since December 1969, the Chinese University of science and technology moved to Anhui, and basically completed the relocation in October 1970. A total of more than 70 trucking trucks, 865 tons of freight, 35000 boxes of shipping equipment, equipment, books and archives were organized, more than 470 families were moved out, and more than 20 batches of employees, students and family members were organized, about 6000 passengers were transported, more than 510 minutes were transported by train, and the cost of relocation was 770 thousand yuan.
In September 1971, the State Council decided to change the Chinese University of science and technology to Anhui province. Third Ministry of machine building Dual leadership is mainly in Anhui province.
When the school moved to Hefei, the instruments and equipment lost 2/3, and the teachers lost more than 1/2. There is a serious shortage of teaching and living rooms, with less than 60 thousand square meters of school space. In 1972, there were less than 100 teachers in the whole school.
In 1972, the school reconstructed the teaching and research section of mathematics and chemistry basic course. The teachers and students began teaching and scientific research under very bad conditions. The school decided to recruit more than 300 1968~1970 graduates from various posts across the country to study in schools and hold a "recycling class". After the completion of the "retraining class", they and the school recruited more than 200 teachers from all over the region to enrich the school's teaching staff, and made important progress in team building, which laid a good foundation for the formation of a contingent of teachers with young talents as the main body. 1972~1976 grade recruited during this period Workers, peasants and soldiers The school system has been changed to 3 years.
In March 1973, with the approval of the State Council, the Chinese University of science and technology changed its leadership to Anhui and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, mainly in Anhui province.
In September 1975, the Chinese Academy of Sciences requested the State Council to decide that the Chinese University of science and technology was mainly led by Anhui province and replaced by the leadership of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the same year, the first group leader of the party's core group, chaired the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Hu Yaobang While preparing to submit the outline of the report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the State Council, instruct the Academy of Sciences to draw up a report on Several Issues concerning University of Science & Technology China. In the report, it is suggested that China should make good choice of graduating students and try out postgraduate courses. After reporting the report, Deng Xiaoping read and agreed.
When China University of science and technology prepares to implement the method of enrollment approved by Deng Xiaoping's instructions, the whole nation raises " Counterattack rightist reversing the case "Several issues concerning scientific and technological work" were stigmatized as "poisonous weeds" for "restoration" and "resurgence".
By the end of 1977, the area of the University of science and technology in China was 118 thousand square meters, and there were more than 2300 teaching staff, including 1157 teachers, 8 professors, 10 associate professors and 126 lecturers.
October 1976 " Gang of four The downfall marked the end of the "Cultural Revolution". In from August 5 to 13, 1977, the Chinese Academy of Sciences held the first working conference of China University of science and technology in Beijing. It proposed that the university should become a teaching center and a scientific research center, and formulated a series of reform measures to set things right. In September 5th, the Chinese Academy of Sciences submitted the report on several issues of University of Science & Technology China to the State Council, chairman of the CPC Central Committee. Hua Guofeng Deng Xiaoping, vice chairman and Ji Deng Kai , Yu Chun Li , Communist military guerrilla leader and political commissar , Gu Mu Deputy Prime Minister and other instructions agreed.
In February 17, 1978, school restoration became a key university. In the late 1970s and early 80s, China National University of science and technology proposed and implemented a series of reform initiatives in education and scientific research.
1. facing the world, opening schools
China University of science and technology has pioneered the opening up of the National University, and has signed a cooperation and exchange agreement with nearly 100 universities and scientific research institutions in more than 30 countries and regions, and established stable cooperative relations. On average, nearly 300 foreign experts and scholars come to school to conduct lectures or cooperate research each year. They have sent nearly 10000 teachers to more than 30 countries and regions to study or cooperate. Employing hundreds of honorary professors and visiting professors, we held several large-scale international academic conferences.
2. primary youth class
In March 1978, with the approval of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of education, China University of science and technology passed the examination to select the mentally exceptional young people to enter school and study, and explored the experience of successfully cultivating qualified college students. Down payment Junior class 21 people, the average age is 14 years old, the youngest Xie Yanbo is only 11 years old. Since then, some colleges and universities have started offering juvenile classes. In September 1985, in order to popularize the experience of junior class to general undergraduate education, China University of science and technology started the "teaching reform pilot class" ("class 00") according to the school running mode of juvenile class. The junior class and the 00 class are unified managed together to cultivate students' complementary advantages and complement each other.
3. set up the first graduate school in China.
In early October 1977, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council approved the establishment of the Graduate School of China University of science and technology in Beijing. In March 1978, the Graduate School of China University of science and technology was formally established. Graduate School 。 Not long ago, China University of science and technology made clear the establishment of a complete education system for training undergraduate - Master's degree - doctorate. In November 1981, the school was approved by the State Council as the first batch of units to grant doctoral degrees and master's degrees, including 11 doctoral degrees and 24 master's degrees. In 1983, 18 of the first batch of doctoral degrees were awarded. Bai Zhi Dong , Su Chun , Li Shang Zhi , Fan Hong Yi 7 of them are graduate students from China University of science and technology. In January 1982, the Chinese University of science and technology was approved by the State Council as the first batch of schools to grant doctoral degrees. In 1986, a graduate school was also established in Hefei's school based department.
4., deepen teaching reform.
In from July 23 to 30, 1980, the second working conference of University of Science and Technology of China was held in Beijing. The conference focused on how to give full play to the advantages of the Academy of Sciences and the HKUST in scientific and technological research and personnel training, and to make decisions for further running the school based department in Hefei and the Graduate School in Beijing.
At the beginning of 1980s, China National University of science and technology took the lead in putting forward and implementing professional structural adjustment and transformation in the whole country, so that the discipline structure with science and engineering as the main subject was adjusted to the comprehensive disciplinary structure combining science and engineering, and both in writing and management. The school also made timely adjustments to the target of talent cultivation and carried out the pilot project of "4-2-3 (Bachelor's degree and doctorate) split training", taking the three levels of higher education into account.
China University of science and technology began to implement in 1980 Credit system At the same time, we should take measures such as exemption, elective, and skip. tutorial system It is allowed to draw up training plans for top-notch students individually; encourage students with spare energy to participate in research activities as early as possible, set up special research fees for students, and open some laboratories for students to use.
In 1985, China University of science and technology set up a pilot class of teaching reform for non departmental majors. Major minor system , Double degree system 。
After 1977, more than 60% of all Chinese university graduates entered the national and international graduate schools. In the 1979~1988 years of Sino US joint recruitment of students in physics CUSPEA, 237 Chinese university students took up 25.8% of the total enrollment.
In 1983, the United Kingdom " natural The magazine wrote that the Chinese Academy of Sciences was a "big tree attracting the wind".
5., enter the ranks of state key construction universities.
In December 1980, the State Council approved the establishment of the "National Science and Technology University of China". Guo Moruo Scholarship The scholarship was established by Guo Moruo's 150 thousand yuan contribution to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the highest honor award for Chinese university students.
In February 27, 1981, after the decision of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Graduate School of China University of science and technology and the Beijing Teaching Management Office of the Chinese University of science and technology merged.
In March 1981, the Chinese Academy of Sciences agreed to set up the school committee of University of Science & Technology China.
In May 1982, approved by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the school can use two names of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Science and Technology of China graduate school, and hang up two brands.
In 1984, the school was approved by the State Council as one of the 10 key universities in the "75" period. In November 20th, the first major scientific project built by the state in Colleges and Universities - National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory The foundation stone ceremony was held at the University of West China.
In December 1986, most of the students of the Department began to march in the streets of Hefei for the election of "democratic elections".
In June 1986, the State Planning Commission approved the first phase project plan of University of Science & Technology China, expanded the school building area of 167000 square meters, and invested a total of 93 million yuan. The number of authorized schools was 9800, of which 4500 were undergraduates, 1500 were postgraduates, and 3800 were staffs. In September 20, 1986, the school held the foundation of the new campus project.
After "75" and "85" national key construction, as of the end of 1988, the size of the campus of China University of science and technology has nearly doubled, and the construction area has increased from 60 thousand square meters to 51 square meters in Hefei. The open research laboratories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including teaching buildings, chemical buildings, electronic buildings, mechanical buildings, biological buildings, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of fire science, and structural analysis and selective chemistry, have been completed in succession. 3000 program-controlled telephones are available. The campus computer network has been built and put into operation. The newly built library has initially built public library services such as library computer management system and Internet.
Looking forward to the future
In June 1998, the leadership system of China University of science and technology was transformed into a principal responsibility system under the leadership of the Party Committee since 1984.
In December 1995, the State Education Commission, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance decided to set up a number of key universities, including China University of science and technology, to enter the national "211 Project" key construction projects at the "211 Project" meeting of some colleges and universities.
In September 1996, in addition to the Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, after the "University of Science and Technology of China Graduate School", it added "(Beijing)", "University of Science and Technology of China Graduate School (Beijing)."
In May 1998, the state decided to implement the "985 Project". In July 1999, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of education and the Anhui provincial government signed the key agreement on the establishment of the China University of science and technology. China University of science and technology has become one of the first nine key universities in the country.
In 1998, the Chinese Academy of Sciences made a major strategic decision to implement the knowledge innovation project. In the same year, the Chinese University of science and technology was included in the pilot project of the knowledge innovation engineering system. As an important part of knowledge innovation project.
Since the middle of 1990s, the school of science and business has been established, including the school of chemistry and materials science, the school of life sciences, the school of Engineering Science, the Institute of information science and technology, the school of Humanities and Social Sciences, and the school of earth and space science. Under the 26 departments, the operation mechanism of the three level management of schools, institutes and departments has been initially established, and teaching is gradually organized according to discipline groups. The discipline structure is more in line with the law of modern higher education and science and technology development. In 1998, the number of undergraduate majors was adjusted from 43 to 36, which expanded the coverage of the profession. In 2002, the school's 19 two level disciplines entered the ranks of the national key disciplines. In 2007, 8 first level disciplines (including 41 two level disciplines) and 4 two level schools were selected as the subjects. National key disciplines 。
In 1999, the first batch was selected. National University Students' cultural quality education base 。
Since 1999, professors, chief experts and outstanding young people have been rewarded.
In 1998, China University of science and technology ushered in 40th anniversary.
In July 25, 1999, the Ministry of education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Anhui Provincial People's government signed the key agreement to build the University of Science & Technology China, and jointly issued the "decision on key joint construction of University of Science & Technology China".
In December 18, 1999, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau held the University of Science & Technology China in Hefei. Hefei Institute of economics and technology Merger and economic and Technical College of University of Science & Technology China.
In from March 1 to 5, 2000, the Chinese Academy of Sciences held the third University of Science & Technology China development conference in Beijing to study the deployment of China University of science and technology in the early twenty-first Century to build a high level university and reform and development work.
In September 20, 2000, the Chinese Academy of Sciences submitted to the State Council the report on renaming the Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China (Beijing) to Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The system reform and resource integration of graduate education in the 109 institutes at that time were carried out and renamed and established on the basis of University of Science & Technology China Graduate School (Beijing). Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (now) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences )
In 2001, the first batch was allowed to trial run. National Demonstration Software College 。
Schools and schools in 2003 Suzhou Municipal People's Government Cooperative construction Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science & Technology China Official operation.
July 30, 2004, China's first press Princeton Institute of advanced studies The Institute of higher learning established by the model -- Shanghai Research Institute, University of Science & Technology China Unveiled.
In 2006, the school successively and Guangzhou Institute of energy research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sign a comprehensive cooperation agreement. School returns Guangzhou Institute of biomedicine and health, Chinese Academy of Sciences Jointly established the Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology.
In 2007, it became one of the first batch of Pilot Universities to reform the training mechanism of graduate students.
In September 20, 2008, the Chinese University of science and technology celebrated its 50th anniversary anniversary. With the request of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the International Astronomical Union's small body naming committee officially named an asteroid " China Science star " The State Post Office officially issued the "University of Science & Technology China school 50th anniversary" commemorative stamp.
In October 2011, he was selected by the Ministry of education for training and training outstanding engineers.
In 2012 and 2013, Britain Nature Publishing Group (NPG) publish the report on natural publication index China.
From 2014 onwards, Hefei Academy of material sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences The affiliated unit of education was changed to the Chinese University of science and technology, and it was founded in January 7th the following year. University of Science & Technology China Graduate School Science Island branch 。 From 2015 onwards, Institute of metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences The affiliated unit of education was changed to China University of science and technology, and the school of materials science and engineering of University of Science & Technology China was established.
From 2016 onwards, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences The affiliated unit of education was changed to China University of science and technology, and the school of astronomy and space science of University of Science & Technology China was established. Suzhou Institute of nanotechnology and nano bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences The affiliated unit of education was changed to China University of science and technology, and the Institute of nanotechnology and nano bionics of University of Science & Technology China was established. From 2017 onwards, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences The centralized unit of education was changed to China University of science and technology. School of Applied Chemistry and engineering, University of Science & Technology China 。
In September 2017, the first batch of countries was selected. "Double First-Class" initiative The first class universities in the world are the first class universities. First class network security academy construction demonstration project university 。 In December 23rd, School of life sciences and medicine, University of Science & Technology China Inaugurated, Anhui Provincial Hospital became the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science & Technology China.
In March 2018, the school was selected as the first national level of the Ministry of education. New engineering research and practice project 。 In April, with the approval of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, University of Science & Technology China became the first independent audits of degree authorization. China Electronic Technology Group Corporation Sign a strategic cooperation agreement. In September 16th, MS Ma Dongmin, a 85 class alumni of the China Youth University and a special assistant to Baidu's chairman, donated one hundred million yuan to the school in her own name, and announced the establishment of the rosette Development Fund. In October, the QS2019 BRICs university rankings were released, and University of Science & Technology China ranked fourth. In November, China University of science and technology Bank of China Signed a strategic cooperation agreement in Beijing. In December, the Party committee of University of Science & Technology China was listed by the Ministry of education as the first batch of "National Party Construction Demonstration University" to cultivate and create units.
In May 22, 2019, University of Science & Technology China, etc. Five schools in East China Co sponsored in Wuhu Yangtze River Delta Research University Alliance 。 It was founded in July 2nd. China University Planetary Science Alliance 。 In September, in England Times Higher Education In the 2020 world university rankings, University of Science & Technology China was the top 200. It was founded in September 22nd. Yangtze Delta university think tank Alliance To become the founding member and vice chairman unit of China's Federation of artificial intelligence education.
https://www.ustc.edu.cn/
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Now, I will describe the additional rule called Ko - which means eternity in Japanese.
This is the last rule to remember. If you read this page, then you will understand all the rules of Go.
The concept of Ko is a little more difficult than the rules described so far.
* White doesn't respond here. One white stone is in Atari. Get it!
You got it? Then watch the board carefully.
You will see a black stone that you have just put is in Atari!
What will happen if white does it?
It will result in the same board position of two moves earlier.
Thus, both black and white keep capturing one stone forever!
Therefore, the moves which produce the same board position are prohibited.
This concept is called Ko(eternity).
In the board above, you can also make moves for white. Thus, try to take the black stone in the middle.
Then you will see the message - Illegal(Ko).
Can white ever capture the black stone?
He can. But he must play somewhere else first.
That way it will produce a different board position. Therefore, you can take the Ko stone back once you play somewhere else.
Make a move wherever you like for white on the above board.
And make a move again for black in the same way.
Now, it is white's turn again. White now can take a black stone back again.
Just make sure on the board above.
Then it's black's turn. However, she can't get white back immediately.
Please make sure on the board. You will see the message - Illegal(Ko).
She can get the stone again once she makes a move on other places as white did.
On the board above, you can make moves for both black and white.
Please understand the concept of Ko prohibition rule by playing there.
You can undo your moves by pressing the undo button.
How does Ko appear in a real battle?
Look on the left. Five black stones on the upper side are about to die.
First, capture a white stone by playing at E8.
Now, Ko fight has begun!
The five white stones are now in danger and white can't take a black stone by playing D8 because it is prohibited by the Ko rule.
Thus, he plays somewhere black can't ignore such as E2.
Because eight black stones will be killed if ignored, black reluctantly plays at E1.
We call this a Ko fight.
This Ko fight ends when either side ignores the opponent's threat by killing 5 stones at the top.
For the losing player, the loss of 5 stones is really big.
Instead, he can make 2 successive moves at the other place and can gain a lot there.
The important thing is: to win the Ko fight, find the threat - the place where you can gain a lot by making 2 successive moves . If the opponent doesn't allow it, the Ko fight continues. If he ignores your threat, you can make 2 successive moves while your opponent wins the Ko.
Ko is difficult because Ko fight involves many strategic moves on the entire board.
For beginners, just remember that moves which produce the same position are prohibited.
This animation is provided by courtesy of Daniel Dheaud.
That is, Ko rule does not allow this situation to happen.
Ko is not just a restrictive rule but it also makes Go more exciting.


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