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T.V.
Mike Tyson, Convicted Rapist, 'Fought' a Shark on TV. Sadly, No One Got Bit.
TYSON VS. JAWS
A new Shark Week special saw the former heavyweight champ go three rounds with a few dozen sharks in the Bahamas. Egregiously, everyone came out unscathed.
Kevin Fallon
Senior Editor, Obsessed
Updated Aug. 10, 2020 3:24AM ET / Published Aug. 09, 2020 9:58PM ET
On Sunday night, families gathered together and turned on their televisions for a night of wholesome bonding: to see if Mike Tyson will be eaten by a shark. Or, conversely, to see if a shark will be eaten by Mike Tyson.
Unlike Evander Holyfield circa 1997, in Tyson vs. Jaws: Rumble on the Reef, everyone comes out unscathed, ears and all. "The Bite Fight: Part II," it was not.
For the amount of words written in recent years on the dramatic and consequential ways in which TV has changed, a major and perhaps underserved part of that story is the evolution of shark programming in the summer.
If you can believe it, Shark Week celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2018. There were 10 programs in Discovery's inaugural 1988 lineup, launching with the show Caged in Fear. Ratings were double the network's normal average. Now, over 20 hours of Shark Week programming kicked off on Sunday, following National Geographic and Nat Geo WILD's own swath of specials last month.
These are sharks and we are people, all of whom have graduated through the universal milestone of watching Jaws when we were probably too young and spending several months afraid to so much as take a bath. Therefore it makes sense that the splashy titles of these specials—not to mention the ominous scoring of the adrenaline-pumping shots of sharks thrashing in water—capitalize on those Spielberg-induced fears.
At a time when stunt programming remains one of the only ways for linear networks to drum up live viewers and communal viewing experiences, there's no underselling the role Shark Week has played in escalating and celebrating the idea of what could be Event TV. (There's a reason that Discovery refers to the programming eternally as its Super Bowl.)
Recent years have seen a concerted and admirable effort to inject these specials with real science and conservation messages—and retreat from forays into docufiction about Megalodons—to counterbalance overblown shark-attack fear-mongering. Of course, this is still TV and ratings matter, so we're still going to get Sharkcano. But it's going to erupt with a healthy dose of education, too.
That said, there's something just so refreshingly dumb and silly about Sunday night's Mike Tyson extravaganza. Sometimes you just want to watch something fun.
Tyson vs. Jaws played it all gloriously straight. The idea is that the former heavyweight champion-turned-celebrity menace-turned-pop-culture punchline is coming out of retirement, training to face off against the "perfect opponent to match Tyson's raw power and animal aggression: A shark."
It was utter, diverting nonsense. The entire time it was on I was thinking, "I really can't believe I am watching this;" yet also at the same time, "I am very much enjoying watching this."
The competitors' stats flash on screen, as if this was a real boxing match. Nicknames: Baddest Man on the Planet vs. Apex Predators of the Sea. Age: Over 54 Years vs. Over 400 Million Years. Record: 50-6 (44 Knockouts) Since 1986 vs. 1454-109 (Attacks-Fatalities) Since 2000.
It might shock you to learn that at no point in this special did Mike Tyson actually fight a shark.
He did, however, swim with them, which automatically places Tyson vs. Jaws leagues above my previous favorite tongue-in-cheek, trolling celebrity shark special, 2017's Phelps vs. Shark: The Battle For Ocean Supremacy, in which Olympic legend Michael Phelps swam 100 meters in the ocean by himself and scientists timed a shark swimming somewhere else. It was an SAT math problem masquerading as celebrity meal time.
The idea was that Tyson was going to go "three rounds" with sharks in the Bahamas. First he was going to do a cage dive, then an open-ocean dive without a cage, and then finally the main event: putting a shark to sleep with his bare hands. It's a technique called tonic immobility that involves rubbing the electroreceptors on a shark's snout with your hands until it goes into a natural state of paralysis to make it safer to study them, sort of like animal hypnosis.
See: education! Science! Conservation! Also...Mike Tyson cursing 100 times a minute because, it turns out, he's absolutely terrified of sharks and clearly does not for one second want to be there!
There's a certain kind of brilliance here. If I were going to think about a celebrity it would be funny to watch flipping out in a cage while being circled by sharks, Mike Tyson is a pretty damn good one, to be honest.
Tyson's "cornerman," so to speak, in the fight is a shark expert named Paul De Gelder, who is himself a shark-attack survivor. In 2009, while working with the Navy as a clearance diver, he got attacked by a 9-foot bull shark. It came up from underneath him and grabbed his hand and his leg in the same bite. He survived, but he lost his forearm and his leg.
"Why am I doing this? What the fuck am I doing? I'm stupid to do this."
"Before I got attacked by a shark, I hated sharks," De Gelder says. "To be honest, I didn't see the point of them at all. But then I learned about sharks. I learned about the plight, about the dangers to them. About the 100 million that humans kill a year, as opposed to the seven people that die a year from sharks. I want to help Mike overcome possibly a preconceived notion about sharks. I want Mike to learn about the important role they play in the ocean, so Mike might be a cornerman for sharks just like I am as well."
When Tyson meets De Gelder, his jaw drops when he sees that the man who is supposed to be training him is missing two limbs. "Looking at you, I don't think I'm going to come out too well," he says. That's funny!
The pure entertainment of this special is spending an hour watching Mike Tyson complain about the situation he has gotten himself into.
He's in a cage surrounded by more than 30 sharks: "Why am I doing this? What the fuck am I doing? I'm stupid to do this."
He's asked if he's comfortable: "No." He's asked how he's feeling: "Scared to death." He comes back to the boat and is asked if it was as bad as he thought: "Yes."
You watch as the shark experts and scientists snicker over how utterly and completely exhausted he is when he climbs out of the water. "This was a pretty basic dive, but Mike looked like he had just gone about 12 rounds," De Gelder says. "That's not really a good sign because we didn't really do anything."
When Tyson musters up the courage to do the open-ocean dive without the cage, he has no patience for the enthusiastic encouragement of the other divers, or the science lessons they're trying to teach him through an earpiece: "Cool fucking story, Craig. But I'm concentrating on these big fucking sharks circling me."
To be fair to Mike Tyson, what he is taking part in does appear to be absolutely insane. As easy and gratifying as it is to be snide about the fact that the special is a bit of a bait-and-switch—Tyson did not fight a shark—it is wild to see him sitting on the ocean floor while nine-foot sharks swim right into him.
The thing of 2020 is the constant question of how much fun you let yourself have. So of course it's worth noting the confusing, deplorable thing that has happened over the years, in that we've held Mike Tyson up as some sort of jovial, pop-culture jester—even, I would say, branding him as a family-friendly entertainer—despite the fact that, whatever else you might think about him, his boxing career, and his public persona, he is a convicted rapist.
It's become such a faint footnote when we talk about Tyson now that I frankly don't even know how to square it with everything I just wrote about what fun it was to watch this Shark Week special.
Is writing about this show the space to be discussing how ridiculous it is that we still cheer on his career, despite that past? Honestly, maybe it is. Maybe it's negligent of me to not have turned it into this article's entire focus.
It does add another layer to things, though. It makes it all the more rewarding to fantasize about the unlikely probability that, at some point, he was actually in danger of being attacked by a shark. The chump is chum.
@kpfallonkevin.fallon@thedailybeast.com
Got a tip? Send it to The Daily Beast here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
ESPN's Thorpe rips Kidd: "He's the worst coach in the NBA"
In the latest episode of ESPN's TrueHoop TV, coach David Thorpe gives Jason Kidd about the most negative rating one could give a coach, squarely placing the blame for the Brooklyn Nets' early struggles on the team's new head coach.
His exact words, when asked to rate Kidd:
He gets an F. He gets a 0. My wife could coach a team to a 29th ranking for that team. She doesn't know much about basketball. He just… his guys, I don't think they have any purpose and passion to what they're doing. I think they're discombobulated. Listen, Henry, he was an amazing player, one of my favorite of all time for a lot of different reasons, but our profession is different from his profession, and to assume that that transition is easy, it's a short bridge, is crazy. He has a long way to go to figure this out. Do I think he'll be better? Will they be better? It seems very likely. But as he's currently doing, he's the worst coach in the NBA.
Kidd, a part owner of the Nets in addition to the team's coach, has a three-year contract as coach with the team, which has stumbled to a 2-5 start after preseason championship aspirations and is 29th in ESPN's Hollinger Power Rankings.
The last Nets NBA Finals Team: Where Are They Now?
Preseason Homecoming
Williams, Terry, Shengelia ruled out for tonight
So the Nets play basketball today.


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Anurag Thakur
Sports Minister Anurag Singh Thakur inaugurates new 300 bedded hostel at SAI's Patiala Centre for…
Patiala : Sports Minister Anurag Singh Thakur on Saturday visited Sports Authority of India's (SAI) Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NSNIS) here and inaugurated a new 300 bedded hostel, in order to provide the 'best possible…
Anurag Singh Thakur visits SAI's Patiala and Sonipat Centres, inaugurates multiple infrastructure…
Patiala : Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Anurag Singh Thakur on Saturday visited Sports Authority of India's (SAI) Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NSNIS) in Patiala and inaugurated a new 300 bedded Hostel which…
Anurag Thakur, Meenakshi Lekhi slam Bilawal Bhutto Zardari for remarks against Prime Minister…
New Delhi : Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur hit back at Pakistan Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, describing his remarks against Prime Minister Narendra Modi as 'nefarious' and 'shameful'. "On this day in…
Anurag Thakur inaugurates friendly Table Tennis match in Kashi Tamil Sangamam
Varanasi : Union Minister for Information & Broadcasting and Youth Affairs & Sports Shri Anurag Thakur said that two cultures are uniting through literature, culture and sports and other genres at the 'Kashi Tamil Sangamam' event.…
PM revived age-old historical, cultural and spiritual connection between Kashi and Tamilnadu :…
Varanasi : Union Minister of Information & Broadcasting and Youth Affairs & Sports Anurag Singh Thakur said Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has revived age-old historical,cultural and spiritual connection between Kashi and…
India will need 1 lakh drone pilots by 2023 : Anurag Singh Thakur
News Online News Dec 6, 2022
Chennai : To turn India into a drone skill hub, it will need at least one lakh drone pilots by 2023, Union Minister for Youth Affairs & Sports, Anurag Singh Thakur said on Tuesday. The Union Minister was here to flag off drone start-up…
Accuracy more important than speed in news communication and should be primary in the minds of…
New Delhi : Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting Shri Anurag Thakur has today said that, "presenting authentic information is the prime responsibility of media and that facts should be properly checked before they are put in the…
With growth of social media, fake news has proliferated : Anurag Thakur
New Delhi : Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting Anurag Thakur on Tuesday said with the rapid growth of social media, fake news has also proliferated, adding that "presenting authentic information is the prime responsibility of…
IFFI 53 Closes…if films be the food of love, play on…
Panaji, Goa : "When the proposal to hold an International Film Festival in India was first mooted, a question that was frequently asked was: What is the object of such a festival, what purpose will it serve? To that, the reply was…


Guided tour and tasting of two different wines at Jean Leon Winery.
Guided tour and combined tasting (3 cheeses and 3 wines) at Bodegues Torres.
Half a day tour that will take you to three wine cellars of the Penedés area, during this visit you will learn about the elaboration of wine and cava (Catalan sparkling wine), and have the opportunity to taste the different wines and the cava.
Catalunya is one of Spain's most prominent wine producing areas, boasting eleven appellations of origin. Vines have been growing in Catalonia for more than 2,000 years. Today Catalonia is Spain's biggest producer of wine with appellation of origin, with a production rate of 380 million bottles per year, including cava, which accounts for half of this production.
Barcelona - Bodegues Jean Leon (winery) - Bodegues Torres (winery) - Caves Freixenet (winery) - Barcelona.


By Margaret Thaler Singer, Ph.D.
Thought reform is not mysterious. It is the systematic application of psychological and social influence techniques in an organized programmatic way within a constructed and managed environment. The goal is to produce specific attitudinal and behavior changes that management wants. The changes occur incrementally without it being patently visible to those undergoing the process that their attitudes and behavior are being changed a step at a time according to the plan of those directing the program.
In society there are numerous elaborate attempts to influence attitudes and modify behavior. However, thought reform programs can be distinguished from other social influence efforts because of their totalistic scope and their sequenced phases aimed at destabilizing participants" sense of self, sense of reality, and values. Thought reform programs rely on organized peer pressure, the development of bonds between the leader or (trainer) and the followers, the control of communication, and the use of a variety of influence techniques. The aim of all this is to promote conformity, compliance, and the adoption of specific attitudes and behaviors desired by the group. Such a program is further characterized by the manipulation of the person"s total social environment to stabilize and reinforce the modified behavior and attitude changes.
At the end of the Korean War, I worked at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, D.C., along with Lifton and others studying the thought reform and indoctrination programs the Chinese and North Koreans had used to reshape attitudes and behaviors in revolutionary universities, prisons, and prisoner of war camps. Besides working with material from prisoners of war, I interviewed a number of priests who had been interned in China and subjected to thought reform efforts.
By the late 1960s I became aware of the cult phenomenon in our society and began to interview cult members, ex-cultists and families of cultists. I soon discovered that the basic properties of thought reform as outlined by Lifton were alive and well right here in the United States and becoming one of our least desirable exports to other countries.
The burgeoning of the cult phenomenon caused me to return to using Lifton"s work and that of my colleagues from the Walter Reed years. Relying on those seminal contributions, I have continued studying thought reform as Lifton described it in 1961 and its evolution since then. At this point leaders of cults and groups using thought reform processes have taken in and controlled millions of persons to the detriment of their welfare.
In my work studying how cults and groups with totalistic views are applying their current versions of thought reform programs, I have termed such programs on occasion "coordinated programs of coercive influence and behavior control" or "exploitative persuasion." This was done in an effort to make more understandable the thought reform process to those unfamiliar with the concepts and history of thought reform. During this period thought reform has been called by various names, as shown in Table 1.
The first generation of interest was that which Lifton had delineated. The newer programs, even though they do not have the power of the state behind them, such as was present in China, appear more efficient, effective and also often more psychologically risky for participants than the earlier ones. Lifton noted that the managers of the Chinese programs attempted to closely monitor subjects so that when they reached the brink of decompensation, pressures could be reduced. The current programs do not monitor individuals in their thought reform programs, and thus produce a certain number of psychiatric casualties.
We compared the thought reform programs being used by cults and some of the New Age so-called "awareness" programs with Lifton"s original work. Not only were the current programs speeding up the process, but they were intensifying the psychological and social pressures without monitoring the individual"s responses to the pressures put on them. The newer applications attempt to gain conformity more rapidly than did the earlier programs, and attack not just the person"s political self, but appear designed to destabilize a person"s overall sense of self and reality.
The impact of cult life, which by its very structure tends to be totalistic, has been such that many psychiatrists and mental health professionals have discussed the behavior, attitude changes, and decompensations noted in former cult members and efforts have evolved to properly classify the residual effects of thought reform stresses. In 1980 the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), published by the American Psychiatric Association, cited "thought reform" as a contributing factor to Atypical Dissociative Disorder (a diagnosis frequently noted in former cult members).7 Thought reform and its synonyms brainwashing and coercive persuasion were also noted in DSM-III-Revised (1987), as a contributing factor to Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, as well as appearing in widely recognized medical texts.8 Most recently, in 1994 the new DSM-IV again cites thought reform as contributing to the same type of dissociative disorder. Thus the psychiatric and psychological world has come to note the impacts the stresses, conflicts, and procedures of thought reform programs have on individuals" functioning.
Lifton"s work in Hong Kong interviewing repatriated Westerners and Chinese intellectuals was his first major contribution to what has become a series of works by him centering on human responses to extreme stress, the production of victims, and his interests in the broader implications of totalism and its alternatives. He has also offered the concept of proteanism and "open" instead of "closed" methods of education and personal change as the hope of the future, apparently kindled by his work on thought reform.
Lifton formulated eight themes characterizing a totalistic environment which makes ideological totalism possible. By ideological totalism he meant "the coming together of immoderate ideology with equally immoderate individual character traits—an extremist meeting ground between people and ideas." The totalist environment seeks to re- educate participants into submission and conformity, not creative individual participation in society.
Lifton found eight themes predominating in the social milieu in which human zealotry and thought reform programs grow. He concluded: "In combination they [the eight themes] create an atmosphere which may temporarily energize or exhilarate, but which at the same time poses the gravest of human threats." Below, for brevity, I am abbreviating and paraphrasing Lifton"s eight themes which characterize a thought reform milieu. Quoted material is from Lifton"s book on thought reform.
Milieu control: Human communication is controlled by many means. External information and inner reflection are so controlled and managed by the system that the ordinary member becomes unable to test reality and experience a sense of identity separate from the environment. Communication is further controlled through the use of loaded jargon by the group. All information generated about persons, including any secrets they reveal to anyone, must be passed upward to authorities and then used to make the leader seem omniscient. Thus people cannot trust one another and develop support systems within the milieu.
Mystical manipulation: After controlling the milieu and communication, extensive personal manipulation occurs. Patterns of behavior and emotion are elicited in ways to make them appear to have arisen spontaneously from within the environment. Having been manipulated from above without realizing it, a person becomes sensitive to cues, and merges himself with the flow of the group to avoid continuing pressures being put upon him. He now adopts the psychology of the pawn. He drops self expression and independent actions and joins in the manipulation of others.
surrender in which the person feels he is merging with the environment. A sense of intimacy is created and the followers merge into the Movement. Lifton and Camus noted the perpetual confessor easily becomes the "judge-penitent"; that is, the more I accuse myself, the more I have a right to judge you.
Sacred science: The totalist world is the ultimate moral vision. "To dare to criticize it, or to harbor even unspoken alternative ideas, becomes not only immoral and irreverent, but also "unscientific." In this way, the philosopher kings of modern ideological totalism reinforce their authority by claiming to share in the rich and respected heritage of natural science." Lifton saw a composite of counterfeit science added to supposedly sacred ideas promulgated by the leaders of totalist groups as one more theme and pressure that pushes a person in a totalist environment toward total personal closure—that state of feeling an all-or- nothing emotional alignment with the immoderate ideology.
Dispensing existence: A totalist environment divides people into two groups—those with a right to existence and those without such a right. Lifton noted that totalist environments even when not using physical abuse, stimulate in followers a fear of extinction and annihilation. Existence depends on obeying and merging with the totalist environment.
Thus Lifton"s careful observations from his study of repatriates from the Chinese thought reform milieu laid the foundation for evaluating environments in which thought reform is the change agent used to control the expressed behavior of people.
In addition to Chinese exposed to thought reform in revolutionary universities, Lifton studied Westerners subjected to thought reform in prison settings and especially paid attention to seeing if there was sequencing in the thought reform programs they had experienced. Lifton noted there was indeed a general sequence of psychological pressures, twelve in number, put upon each person, even though they had been in separate prisons, far removed from one another, and with different staff and surroundings. The psychological steps he labeled: (1) the assault on identity, (2) the establishment of guilt, (3) the self-betrayal, (4) the breaking point, total conflict and the basic fear, (5) leniency and opportunity, (6) the compulsion to confess, (7) the channeling of guilt, (8) re-education: logical dishonoring, (9) progress and harmony, (10) the final confession: the summing up (11) rebirth, (12) release, transition and limbo.
Helping persons who have left current cultic groups by going over this sequence of psychological steps is especially useful. By so doing, these persons see and feel that common properties exist between what Lifton found decades ago and what they have experienced. What Lifton termed the two basic identities of thought reform, the repentant sinner and the receptive criminal, are among the most bothersome induced roles cultists battle after leaving their groups. To learn that these are roles almost uniformly induced by thought reform programs, regardless of age, nationality, education, and social class, helps to alleviate the guilt, self doubt, self abnegation, and loss of trust in the self that the current cult thought reform programs induce.
Lifton studied in carefully documented detail what in fact has emerged as one of the most powerful efforts at human manipulation ever undertaken. It led him to call attention to "closed" versus "open" approaches to human change—the thought reform methods used in a closed, totalist society versus the methods of human change used in open societies in which education, choice, individual responsibility, reflective thought are the means of seeking human change.
My work and that of colleagues studying cults and newer uses of thought reform programs has necessitated adding some orientation about the differences between a thought reform program backed by state power, as in China, and a thought reform program as seen in modern cultic groups. We also have tended to translate Lifton"s concepts and findings into simple terms for youth and nonprofessional audiences. Lifton"s themes, steps, and findings that thought reform could be carried out effectively in non-prison settings, as well as his many insights about human responses to totalist programs, stand as he wrote them. Cult apologists work to hide the fact that Lifton clearly commented that neither a prison setting nor physical coercion was required for thought reform to work. The same apologists tend to ignore all the rest of the literature on thought reform and decades of study of influence by social psychologists.
The people Lifton studied had either found themselves immersed in thought reform programs in revolutionary universities or were exposed in prison settings, and were aware that there was an effort to change their political beliefs. However, today, individuals become involved with cultic and other groups that recruit deceptively and are unaware before joining just what will follow. My work and that of others on such groups has found that it is rare that these groups reveal to new members just what they will be exposed to. The new members often know practically nothing of how they are going to be treated, processed, and changed. Thus some modernization such as item 1 below was needed to help other researchers and the general public see the extra mystification that is present in the current scenes in which thought reform is practiced.
Keeps the person unaware that there is an agenda to control or change the person.
With the exception of item 1, these are abbreviated versions of Lifton"s themes intended to simplify outlining the thought reform process. What follows below is again a condensation of the steps he found in a thought reform program. The explanations of the steps have been simplified and used by me and colleagues as we have connected Lifton"s work to our current studies of "second generation of interest" thought reform groups.
Destabilizing the person: A person"s whole sense of self and notion of how the world works are destabilized by group lectures, personal contacts by authorities, rewards, punishments and other exchanges with the group. The person is moved to a point where self-confidence is eroded; he has become more suggestible; and is uncertain about what choices to make.
Accepting the solution that the group offers: At this point, the person being thought reformed senses that the solutions offered by the group provide the path to follow. Anxiety, uncertainty and self-doubt can be reduced by adopting the concepts put forth by the group or leader. Newcomers observe the behavior of old timers and begin to model themselves after the examples. Massive anxiety can be reduced by cooperating with the social pressures to conform. The newcomers begin to "talk the talk, and walk the walk" that the thought reform program is instilling.
Now you are in: After "the acceptance" has been made, the group reinforces in the newcomers the desired behavior with social and psychological rewards, and punishes unwanted attitudes and behaviors with harsh criticism, group disapproval, social ostracism, and loss of status.
I have been preoccupied with questions of totalism from the time of my study of Chinese thought reform in the mid 1950s, and came full circle in returning to the subject when studying Nazi doctors in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Totalism is likely to emerge during periods of historical—or psychohistorical—dislocation, in which there is a breakdown of the symbols and structures that guide the human life cycle. Contributing to this dislocation is the mass media revolution, which creates the remarkable possibility of any one of us, at any moment, having access to any image or idea originating anywhere in the contemporary world or from any cultural moment of the entire human past. Still another powerful influence furthers our dislocation: awareness of our late-twentieth- century technological capacity to annihilate ourselves as a species, and to do so with neither purpose nor redemption. What results from these historical forces are widespread feelings that we are losing our psychological moorings. We feel ourselves buffeted about by unmanageable currents and radical social uncertainties.
A major response to this confusion has been the contemporary world-wide epidemic of fundamentalism. That movement, broadly understood, drives from a fear of the loss of "fundamentals," giving rise to demand for absolute dogma and a monolithic self—all rendered sacred in the name of a past of perfect harmony that never was.
While the above may sound dire, Lifton, with his ever- present faith in mankind"s capacity to choose the "protean self" and the "open" methods of change rather than the constricted, thought reform methods continues to contribute to efforts to insure that freedom of the mind will continue.
1 Robert Jay Lifton, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism (New York: W. W. Norton, 1961).
2 Robert Jay Lifton, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism (University of North Carolina Press, 1993). Note also Lifton, Totalism and Civil Liberties, The Future of Immortality and Other Essays for a Nuclear Age (New York: Basic Books, 1987); and Lifton, "Cult formation," Harvard Mental Health Letter (1991).
3 Margaret T. Singer, with Janja Lalich, Cults in Our Midst (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1995).
4 Stuart A. Wright, Leaving Cults. The Dynamics of Defection, Society of the Scientific Study of Religion, Monograph no. 7, Washington, D.C., 1987.
5 Richard Ofshe and Margaret T. Singer, "Attacks on Peripheral Versus Central Elements of Self and the Impact of Thought Reforming Techniques," Cultic Studies Journal 3-1 (1986); and Margaret T. Singer and Richard Ofshe, "Thought Reform Programs and the Production of Psychiatric Casualties," Psychiatric Annals 20 (1990):188-93. Richard Ofshe, "Coercive Persuasion and Attitude Change," Encyclopedia of Sociology, vol. 1, (New York: Macmillan, 1992), 212-24.
6 Louis J. West and Margaret T. Singer, "Cults, Quacks, and Nonprofessional Psychotherapies," H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman and B. J. Sadock, eds., Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry III (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1980).
7 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, III (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980); Revised, III-R, 1987; and DSM-IV, 1994.
8 Margaret T. Singer, "Group psychodynamics," in R. Berkow, ed., Merck Manual, 15th ed. (Rahway, NJ: Merck, Sharp, & Dohme, 1987).
This article was originally published in Trauma and Self, edited by Charles B. Stozier & Michael Flynn. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Maryland, 1986; Chapter 6, pages 69-79.


We love to have people to be involved with all aspects of our services whether it be kids church, youth, café or welcoming.
Rascals for little ones aged 0-4 years old. Free fun, toys, crafts, songs and snacks.
Kidz Klub for school years 3-6. Come along fortnightly for games, prizes, sports & music.


Contents and Unit 1: It's my life!
Hexagonie provides an innovative way to teach French. Hexgonie, Part 2 is aimed at pupils in Years 5 and 6.
Systematic but flexible format makes scheme suitable for non-specialists and specialists.
Language elements are introduced in a logical, easy-to-understand way, so that children quickly communicate with confidence.
Breaks language down into manageable chunks and presents them in a methodical manner enabling pupils to feel that they can converse in French.
Brings French to life, engaging pupils' imaginations, and furthering their understanding of French language structures.
Develops effective learning strategies that can be applied to other languages and across the curriculum.
Comprehensive coverage of all Oracy and Literacy objectives of the KS2 Framework for Languages and many of those for intercultural understanding.
The topics and activities in this book are designed for 7-13 year olds who have been studying French for a while. If you are a KS3 (Years 7-9; 11-14 year olds) teacher you may wish to order the Year 8 version of this book. It contains the same topics and activities.


text:
Male Infertility: A Threat to the Human Race?
A large-scale meta-analysis has confirmed that there has been a drop in average sperm counts in men — a situation affecting countries around the world and that shows no sign of slowing down. Jean-Marc Ayoubi, MD, head of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine at Foch Hospital in Suresnes, France, gives us the inside story.
In 1973, the average sperm count in men was 101 million per mL. In 2018, this figure had dropped by half (49 million/mL) — and this trend is speeding up, since the average drop in gametes in the sperm of the male population has more than doubled over the past 50 years, going from 1.16% between 1973 and 2000 to 2.64% per year between 2000 and 2018.
What's more, the decline is global, reports the meta-analysis of 223 studies, which was published in Human Reproduction Update. This analysis studied data from all continents, from economically developed countries and ones that are less so, in South America, Central America, Africa, and Asia. "We hope that the new evidence provided here will receive attention not only from clinicians and scientists, but also from decision-makers and the general public," the authors conclude.
How can this drop in sperm count be explained? What factors other than lifestyle and environmental aspects can impact fertility problems? Medscape Medical News asked Ayoubi these very questions. Ayoubi was not a co-author of the meta-analysis published in Human Reproduction Update.
Medscape: Why are the results published in Human Reproduction Update important?
Ayoubi: For more than 20 years, the results have been stacking up to reveal a drop in the number of sperm found in semen analyses. In itself, the information is not new. Nevertheless, the Levine et al meta-analysis is extremely important because it is based on high-quality research, and the results are now unequivocal. Until now, the data mainly came from industrialized countries, but in this meta-analysis, the data come from all continents.
Just like climate skeptics, up to now we could hide behind a sort of "yes, but" response. Now though, the drop in the average sperm count has been confirmed, it's a worldwide phenomenon, it's significant, and it's getting worse: soon it will reach 3% per year. It's no longer possible to turn a blind eye: now is the time to act.
Five 'subtle' dementia signs could be spotted nine years before onset
New potential mechanism for vision loss discovered


Few weeks before, it was raining here. Actually it was a heavy one. The folks at home wanted to have something hot to keep themselves warm. I thought preparing soup would be a nice idea. Soups don't present in our daily menu but occasionally it pops up. That's the reason, my blog has only limited number of soup recipes.
Since I am also not a great fan of it, I knew only few soup recipes and among them, tomato soup saves me every time when my family wanted to have soup. :-) This time, for a change, I added roasted red bell pepper to it. Right from the day when I tried red bell pepper chutney, my family become a fan of red bell pepper. Anything with red bell pepper would become a hit at home. With the same hope, I added red bell pepper to the tomatoes and made soup, served hot and as guessed, I got a good feedback.
1) Wash the red bell pepper and wipe using kitchen towel. Roast it by placing it over the open flame until the skin turns black all the sides. Set it aside for few minutes. Peel off the skin once cooled down. Remove the seeds and slice it roughly. Set aside until required.
2) Heat oil in the pan. Add garlic and fry for few seconds. Add onion. Saute till it becomes soft.
3) Add cubed tomato and cook till it becomes mushy.
4) Add roasted, sliced red bell pepper. Saute it for few minutes and allow it to cool.
5) Once cooled, grind it to a smooth paste.
6) Heat butter in a heavy bottom and deep pan. Add all purpose flour and mix well without any lumps.
7) Add the bell pepper, tomato paste and water. Mix well.
8) Add Dried oregano, thyme, salt and pepper. Mix well again. Bring it to a nice boil.
9) When the soup reaches the required consistency you want, turn the flame off.
10) Pour the soup in bowls, garnish with chopped spring onions and serve hot. We enjoyed it with baked and flavoured bread slices.
1) I added equal quantity of red bell pepper and tomato. Add more number of red bell peppers to get its flavor.
2) This soup pairs well with croutons. If you don't have any by the time you prepare the soup, slice the bread and toast it until crisp. Serve them with soup.
love the flavor of roasted bell pepper. love to see you at my space too.
Very tempting and eye pleasing flavourful soup..Love that bowl.
nice combo n very filling soup..
I tried with my OTG ! but not adding Tomato ! wonderful and filling soup !
Colorful and lovely looking soup.
love soups anytime.. espcl wen it rains..


text:
Шмалька́льденский сою́з (), также Шмалька́льденская ли́га — оборонительный союз (лига), для защиты протестантской веры, заключённый германскими протестантскими князьями во главе с Саксонией и Гессеном и городами в гессенском Шмалькальдене, и направленный против религиозной политики императора Карла V, поддерживавшего римского папу и католичество.

Члены Шмалькальденского конвента (собрания) дали согласие на создание оборонительного союза 31 декабря 1530 года и подписали официальный договор 27 февраля 1531 года. В дальнейшем Шмалькальденский союз последовательно наращивал свои силы, принимая новых членов. Однако усиливавшиеся с 1542 года внутренние противоречия союза (лиги) значительно подорвали его оборонительные возможности. Шмалькальденская война 1546—1547 годов закончилась победой германо-римского императора и разгоном союза в 1547 году.

Предыстория
После того, как в 1530 году Карл V на рейхстаге в Аугсбурге отклонил Аугбургское исповедание, не подчинившимся германо-римскому императору лютеранским имперским сословиям угрожала имперская экзекуция за попытку нарушения Земского мира. Ещё в сентябре 1530 года раздавались голоса, призывавшие к объединению протестантских князей и имперских городов.

Такое объединение по своей сути было направлено против императора Священной Римской империи, поэтому с новой силой разгорелись споры о праве на активное сопротивление главе империи. Заключения императорских теологов и юристов основывались на том, что германо-римский император является главой всей светской власти и таким образом все князья должны безусловно ему подчиняться; тот, кто противится ему, противится установленному Богом порядку.

Сложившаяся на рейхстаге ситуация требовала скорейшего разрешения. Лютер и его единомышленники на переговорах в Торгау в конце октября 1530 года поддержали доводы тех юристов, согласно которым в случае нарушения германо-римским императором положений конституции возникает право на вооружённое ему сопротивление.

Возникновение союза

22 декабря 1530 года курфюрст Саксонии Иоганн Твёрдый собрал в Шмалькальдене представителей протестантских городов и земель для того, чтобы обсудить намерение Карла V избрать своего брата, Фердинанда, королём римлян и предстоящие процессы в камеральном суде против лютеранских князей и вольных городов. Это совещания в Шмалькальдене переросли в переговоры об объединении. 31 декабря участники переговоров договорились о взаимной поддержке друг друга в случае, если камеральный суд начнёт процесс против одного из них.

Официальное подписание договора состоялось 27 февраля 1531 года. Под ним поставили свои подписи ландграф Филипп I Гессенский «Великодушный», курфюрст Иоганн Саксонский, герцог Филипп Брауншвейг-Грубенхагенский, герцог Эрнст Брауншвейг-Люнебургский, князь Вольфганг Ангальт-Кётенский, граф Эрбахский, а также три нижненемецких и восемь верхненемецких городских советов вольных имперских городов.

Созданный в результате договора военный Шмалькальденский союз носил исключительно оборонительный характер, обязывавший его членов оказывать друг другу взаимопомощь в случае нападения католических сил других государств германо-римской империи. Однако это положение в союзном договоре было сформулировано недостаточно определённо: нападение «по религиозным мотивам». Изначально союзнические обязательства устанавливались сроком на 6 лет, однако уже в 1536 году договор был продлён на последующие 10 лет. Руководство союзом фактически было возложено на Саксонию и Гессен — ведущие протестантские княжества (государства) того времени.

Рост влияния
Дальнейшее быстрое расширение Шмалькальденского союза было обусловлено прежде всего причинами внешнеполитического характера. 11 октября 1531 года в ходе Второй каппельской войны погиб швейцарский реформатор Ульрих Цвингли. Находившиеся под влиянием его учения южно-немецкие вольные имперские города в результате потеряли свои религиозные и политические ориентиры. Единственной возможностью противостоять католическому германо-римскому императору было присоединение к Шмалькальденскому союзу.

Император и его будущий преемник Фердинанд не имели в то время возможности бороться с союзом ни политическими, ни военными методами, поскольку все имеющиеся в их распоряжении силы были направлены на войну с турками (османами). Финансовая и военная помощь союза в войне с турками была получена ценой так называемого Нюрнбергского религиозного мира, подписанного 23 июля 1532 года. Он впервые предоставил различным вероисповеданиям (пусть и на короткое время) юридические и мирные гарантии в отношении конфессионного имущества.

В 1533 году союз принял «Конституцию неотложной помощи и обороны» и назначил руководителями союза и командующими союзных войск курфюрста Саксонии Иоганна Фридриха Саксонского и ландграфа Филиппа Гессенского.

Показателем силы союза явилось возвращение герцогу Ульриху Вюртембергскому в следующем году его герцогства. Он был выгнан из него в 1519 году за нападение на имперский город Ройтлинген и герцогство оставалось с тех пор под управлением Габсбургов. После победы с гессенской помощью в битве при Лойффене и возвращения герцогства, Ульрих немедленно ввёл лютеранство и присоединился к союзу. Возвращение его на престол обозначало значительное укрепление позиции протестантов на юго-западе империи. Одновременно сближение между теологическими позициями Лютера и Цвингли в вопросах причастия облегчило вступление в союз многим протестантским имперским городам.

В 1535 году с принятием «конституции сопротивления» союз значительно укрепил свой военный потенциал. В феврале 1537 года в Шмалькальдене был собран союзный съезд, на котором были выработаны так называемые артикулы (Шмалькальденские пункты). С 1536 года по 1542 год Шмалькальденский союз работал очень эффективно и находился в зените своего могущества. Наряду с оборонными вопросами союз формулировал также политические требования, такие как свободный выбор вероисповедания князьями и основание собственных церквей.

Кроме того, союз стал важным партнёром по ведению переговоров в империи и на европейской арене. Папа и император пытались устранить теологические разногласия между протестантами и католиками путём ведения переговоров по религиозным темам. В то же время другие западноевропейские державы (например, Франция) пытались привлечь союз в антигабсбургскую коалицию. Император Карл V был втянут в это время в войны в Италии.

Созданная в 1538 году как противовес Шмалькальденскому союзу Католическая лига (Священная лига католических князей Германии) оставалась невлиятельной и в 1545 году фактически распалась.

Кризис союза
С 1540-х годов стало все сложнее преодолевать противоречия внутри союза. Прежде всего, план Иоганна Фридриха преобразовать создававшийся поначалу как чистый оборонительный союз в наступательный антигабсбургский союз встречал все большее сопротивление. Небольшие члены союза опасались, что это может стать началом длительного раскола германо-римской империи.

Также члены союза так и не смогли преодолеть различия между лютеранской и кальвинистской конфессиями внутри своих рядов, несмотря на их теологическую близость. Шмалькальденский союз создавался в первую очередь как лютеранский союз, в котором кальвинистские члены союза никогда не воспринимались как равноправные.

Союз был к тому же ослаблен скандальным двоежёнством одного из его лидеров — Филиппа Гессенского. Чтобы избежать наказания за двоежёнство, Филипп вынужден был пойти на уступки при заключении в 1541 году с императором Карлом V Регенсбугского договора, который предотвратил принятие Франции, Англии и герцогства Клевского в Шмалькальденский союз. Кроме того, таким своим поведением он приводил в замешательство многих членов союза, отличавшихся более высокими моральными принципами.

Решающий поворот наступил, когда оба предводителя союза летом 1542 года использовали его военный потенциал, чтобы изгнать герцога Генриха Брауншвейгского-Вольфенбюттельского из его владений. Герцог был верным сторонником партии императора и решительным противником реформации. Он владел одной из немногих католических областей в Северной Германии и был активным членом основанного в 1538 году католического княжеского союза — Лиги. Генрих уже долгое время угрожал захватить владения двух членов союза Гослар и Брауншвейг. Однако превентивный удар Шмалькальденского союза, приведший к изгнанию герцога, никоим образом не был подкреплён уставом союза. Поэтому многие члены союза говорили о противоречащем уставу союза поведении и были уверены, что эти действия рано или поздно вызовут ответные действия императора.

Также другие решения наталкивались на сопротивление внутри союза. Например, союз поддержал попытку превращения курфюршества Кёльнского в светское, протестантское герцогство. Это было прямым вызовом императору и католическим имперским сословиям, так как переход Кёльна в протестантство перераспределил бы отношения внутри курфюрстского совета в пользу протестантства. Многим членам союза такая политика открытой конфронтации казалась слишком рискованной.

Поэтому с 1542 года эффективная работа Шмалькальденского союза была парализована, и хотя он продолжал существовать формально, фактически же перестал действовать.

Разгром союза

В 1546 году для императора Карла сложились благоприятные условия для разгрома Шмалькальденского союза: нейтралитет европейских государств был гарантирован. Особенно важным был тот факт, что Франция не представляла после мира в Крепи в 1544 году никакой опасности. После продолжительных переговоров между императором и папой Павлом III последний согласился финансировать войну против Шмалькальденского союза.

Кроме того, императору удалось вбить клин в единство протестантских князей. Герцог Мориц Саксонский, глава альбертинской линии саксонских герцогов, жил в постоянной вражде с двоюродным братом по эрнестинской линии — курфюрстом Иоганн Фридрихом Саксонским. В заключённом 14 октября 1546 года Пражском договоре Карлу V удалось привлечь на свою сторону Морица обещанием передать ему звание курфюрста. Карл V сумел также заручиться поддержкой части северогерманской знати, обещав им выгодные условия.

Формальной причиной для начала военных действий было приведением в исполнение имперской опалы в отношении Гессена и Саксонии. Она была наложена на обоих лидеров союза, так как они захватили (действие, вызвавшее много споров внутри союза) Брауншвейг-Вольфенбюттель. Этим легальным действием император надеялся привлечь на свою сторону других протестантских князей и вольные имперские города.

В 1546 году императорские войска в союзе с Баварией без особого сопротивления захватили почти все протестантские области в южной Германии. Герцог Мориц в то же самое время напал на Саксонию, отвлекая её войска от боевых действий на юге. Годом позже саксонцы были полностью разбиты в битве при Мюльберге.

Чтобы предотвратить грозящее наказание и защитить по крайней мере несколько областей в Тюрингии, Иоганн Фридрих подписал в Виттенберге капитуляцию. По ней титул саксонского курфюрста переходил к Морицу, который и был объявлен курфюрстом 4 июня 1547 года. Кроме того, большие части наследных владений эрнестинской линии (Виттенберг, Торгау, Айленбург и Гримма) перешли к альбертинской линии.

Ландграф Филипп Гессенской добровольно сдался в Галле императору, сделав победу Карла V полной. Оба бывших главы союза несколько лет держались под стражей в Нидерландах. Тем самым Шмалькальденский союз прекратил своё существование.

Структура союза

Шмалькальденский союз был основан в 1531 году как оборонительный союз протестантских князей и горсоветов вольных имперских городов от их религиозных противников — католиков. В акте о создании союза его участники обязывались оказывать всестороннюю поддержку друг другу в случае нападения на них на религиозной почве.

С 1535 года характер союза изменился. Было решено в случае нападения на союз выставить до 10 000 солдат и 2 000 рыцарей и выделять ежемесячно 70 000 гульденов на их содержание. Ландграф Филипп первый из Гессена и курфюрст Иоган Фридрих из Саксонии были названы руководителями союза и командующими войсками. Ведущие члены союза назначали военных советников, которые всячески помогали командующим.

Согласно договору князья и вольные имперские города брали на себя половину всех расходов. Эта сумма для каждого члена многократно изменялась из-за постоянного роста числа членов союза и в августе 1537 года была окончательно определена. При объявлении войны союз делился на два округа: саксонский, предоставлявший 50 925 гульденов, и верхнеземельный, который должен был предоставить 53 665 гульденов. Объём выплат каждого отдельного члена после многократно изменялся из-за постоянного принятия новых участников. Военная казна сначала насчитывала 140 000 гульденов, к 1538 году возросла до 430 000.

В основном собрание участников союза (так называемые бундестаги — дни союза) происходило каждые полгода. Члены союзы встречались и между собой для координации своих действий. Решения собраний фиксировались письменно в так называемых Решениях о завершении бундестага.

Секретарь Филиппа 1 из Гессена Себастьян Айтингер был личным секретарём союза. Он принимал участие в важнейших собраниях и вёл бо́льшую часть политических переговоров союза.

Немецкие государства и города, основавшие Шмалькальденский союз

Немецкие государства и города, вступившие в Шмалькальденский союз

Значение
Подобные протестантские союзы начали появляться уже в конце 1520-х годов, например Торгайский союз (der Torgauer Bund) или Протестанты Шпайера (die Pritestation zu Speyer). Но новым был военный характер союза, он создавался для военного «отпугивания» агрессора.

В результате внешне- и внутриполитических факторов союзу удалось стать центром политического протестантизма в германо-римском союзе государств. Хотя не все протестантские районы присоединились к союзу, он был решающим фактором в 1536—1542 годах в тогдашних Германских землях, участвовал в переговорах с германо-римским императором и Папой римским. Поражение союза в войне 1546—1547 годов объясняется военным талантом Карла V и разобщённостью союзников в 1540-х годах.

Даже поражение в Шмалькальденской войне не означало исчезновение протестантизма в Германских землях — слишком сильно укоренился он в северных, восточных и южных немецких городах. Понимание того, что протестантизм нельзя искоренить ни политическими, ни военными методами, привело в конце концов к Аугсбургскому религиозному миру (Augsburger Religionsfriede).

См. также
 30-летняя война

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Шмалькальденский союз на historicum.net
 [europeanhistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa051101a.htm The Schmalkaldic League, статья на europeanhistory.about.com]

Реформация
История Германии
История лютеранства
События 27 февраля
Военно-политические блоки
1531 год

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 102 Part 3.djvu/197
102 STAT. 2268-13
PUBLIC LAW 100-000—MMMM. DD, 1988
PUBLIC LAW 100-461—OCT. 1, 1988
further, That such assistance (1) shall be provided to internal groups that have renounced violence and support a negotiated settlement to the conflict in Nicaragua, including independent elements of the press, independent labor unions, independent business groups, and independent human rights groups, and (2) may not be provided to any group that is affiliated with or supportive of any armed opposition group: Provided further, That the manner in which these funds are used shall not be inconsistent with the Sapoa Agreement, as its terms are applied and monitored for acceptability by the Verification Commission established by that Agreement: Provided further. That $1,000,000 of the funds appropriated under this heading shall be made available, notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the provision of medical supplies and hospital equipment for Poland through private and voluntary organizations, including the expenses of purchasing, transporting, and distributing such supplies and equipment: Provided further, That funds made available under this heading shall remain available until September 30, 1990. INDEPENDENT AGENCIES AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION
For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of title V of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980, Public Law 96-533, and to make such contracts and commitments without regard to fiscal year limitations, as provided by section 9104, title 31, United States Code, $8,000,000: Provided, That, when, with the permission of the Foundation, funds made available to a grantee under this heading are invested pending disbursement, the resulting interest is not required to be deposited in the United States Treasury if the grantee uses the resulting interest for the purpose for which the grant was made. This provision applies with respect to both interest earned before and interest earned after the enactment of this provision: Provided further. That section 505(a)(1) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 is amended by inserting "(including public international organizations)" after "public group". INTER-AMERICAN FOUNDATION (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)
For expenses necessary to carry out the functions of the InterAmerican Foundation in accordance with the provisions of section 401 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969, and to make such contracts and commitments without regard to fiscal year limitations, as provided by section 9104, title 31, United States Code, $16,600,000. OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
The Overseas Private Investment Corporation is authorized to make such expenditures within the limits of funds available to it and in accordance with law (including not to exceed $35,000 for official reception and representation expenses), and to make such contracts and commitments without regard to fiscal year limitations, as provided by section 9104 of title 31, United States Code, as
22 USC 290h-3.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:United_States_Statutes_at_Large_Volume_102_Part_3.djvu/197&oldid=8499752"


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What would your children do if you asked them to take control for a day?
On a recent Sunday morning, I woke at seven and shuffled into the kitchen at my seven-year-old daughter's command. "We will start with pancakes, pineapple and bacon," said Antonia, with clarity and a detectable hint of glee. It would be the first of her edicts for the day – and for once, her every wish would be my command.


MANTEO — Patricia Hyde Decker, 81, died at home of natural causes Sunday April 7, 2019. Her beloved children were at her side. Born in England, Patricia's US citizenship was sponsored as a child, by the Church of Latter Day Saints. She became a church member and spent her life in service to others. Along the way, Patricia founded a successful business recruiting nurses from around the world to work in the United States.
Her three children who survive are her son, James L. Decker and her daughter, Elizabeth F. Decker both of Manteo and her daughter, Cindy S. Decker of Denver, CO. as well as her LDS Church family members who also survive. The Decker family has no plans for memorial services at this time.


text:
Alireza Badsar Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Mehran Soleimanha Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Orthopaedic Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Noushin Yousefi Forensic Expert, General Department of Forensic Medicine, Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran
Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Mani HasanBabaii General Practitioner, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
General surgery, Forensic medicine, Malpractice complaints
Introduction: Medical malpractice is a type of treatment that fails to reach the standards of conventional medical treatment and as a result, the patient suffers injury. In addition to affecting the health of individuals, medical malpractice also has negative effects on the physicians' personal and social life. Studies show that despite advances in technology and medical sciences the number of malpractice complaints is increasing, according to studies, the highest count of malpractice complaints referred in the Legal medicine organization in Iran has been done against orthopedic specialists, which indicates the necessity of the present study.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and retrospective study, all complaints of medical malpractice in the field of orthopedics archived in the Legal Medicine Organization during 1391-1396 was examined. The method of data collection was through checklists and information gathered from the archived complaint files.
Results: Based on the findings of this study, from the beginning of 1391 to the end of 1396, 67 complaints were registered about orthopedic surgery. 49 patients were male and 18 were female. 17 were single and the rest were married. Of these, 40 patients were treated in public university centers, 10 in non-university government centers, and 17 in private centers. Of surgeries 17 were emergencies and 50 were elective. The site of injury in 29 patients was the upper limb and shoulder and 38 the lower limbs and pelvis. In total, out of 67 registered complaints, 38 were acquitted and 29 cases were found guilty of medical malpractice.
Conclusion: Among the registered surgery complaints in the Legal Medicine Organization of Guilan Province, the highest number of complaints were of surgeries operated on male patients. In addition, the highest number of complaints from married patients were related to cosmetic surgeries, elective surgeries, and surgeries performed in public university centers. More than 50% of the verdicts issued, held the practitioner responsible for medical malpractice. Malpractice verdicts had no significant correlation with the variables that were observed in this study.
Badsar, A., Soleimanha , M. ., Yousefi , N. ., Kazemnezhad Leyli , E. ., & HasanBabaii , M. . (2021). Investigation of medical malpractices in the field of orthopedics and associating factors in the cases referred to the legal medicine organization of Guilan province. Journal of Current Oncology and Medical Sciences, 1(2), 106–112. Retrieved from http://submission.journalofcoms.com/index.php/JCOMS/article/view/21
Copyright (c) 2021 Alireza Badsar, Mehran Soleimanha , Noushin Yousefi , Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli , Mani HasanBabaii
Alireza Badsar, Morteza Rahbar Taramsari , Mirsaeed Attarchi , Hamid Mohammadi Kojidi, Shohreh Maleknejad , Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli , Erfan Badsar , Masihollah Khayatzadeh , Investigating the predictive factors of gastrointestinal lesions due to consumption of household sodium hypochlorite in pediatric and adult Rasht referral hospitals , Journal of Current Oncology and Medical Sciences : Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): March


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The Connecticut Balance of State Continuum of Care (CT BOS) is seeking applications for new supportive housing and rapid re-housing projects. Projects may be funded through both permanent housing bonus and/or any available reallocation funds. HUD has not yet announced the amount of funds that will be available.
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New rapid rehousing (RRH) projects that will serve homeless individuals and families, including youth, coming directly from the streets or emergency shelters, or meeting the criteria of paragraph (4) of the HUD definition of homeless. (See Project Application Appendix for Definition of Category 4 – fleeing domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking or other dangerous situations).
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The New Jersey-based animal health company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering for general corporate and refinancing purposes.


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Hopefully will make some stuff in the new year, I need to invest in some more tools. Metal is really expensive though right now isnt it, so I cant make too many mistakes!!


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We all know that getting a good night's sleep is good for our general health and well-being. But new research is highlighting a more surprising benefit of good sleep: more feelings of gratitude for relationships.
"A plethora of research highlights the importance of getting a good night's sleep for physical and psychological well-being, yet in our society, people still seem to take pride in needing, and getting, little sleep," says Amie Gordon of the University of California, Berkeley. "And in the past, research has shown that gratitude promotes good sleep, but our research looks at the link in the other direction and, to our knowledge, is the first to show that everyday experiences of poor sleep are negatively associated with gratitude toward others – an important emotion that helps form and maintain close social bonds."
Social psychologists are increasingly finding that "prosocial" behavior – including expressing gratitude and giving to others – is key to our psychological well-being. Even how we choose to spend our money on purchases affects our health and happiness. And children develop specific ways to help others from a very young age. Gordon and other researchers will be presenting some of these latest findings at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) annual meeting today in New Orleans.
The final study looked at heterosexual couples and found that people tend to feel less grateful toward their romantic partners if either they or their partners generally sleep poorly. "In line with this finding, people reported feeling less appreciated by their partners if they or their partner tends to sleep poorly, suggesting that the lack of gratitude is transmitted to the partner," Gordon says.
"Poor sleep is not just experienced in isolation," Gordon says. "Instead, it influences our interactions with others, such as our ability to be grateful, a vital social emotion."
"For the first time, we show that giving away money or spending it on others confers the ironic psychological benefit of increasing the giver's sense of wealth," says Michael Norton of Harvard Business School and co-author with Elizabeth Dunn of the University of British Columbia of the upcoming book Happy Money: The Science of Smarter Spending. In a suite of new, not-yet published, studies, Norton and colleagues showed that charitable giving makes people feel wealthier.
This research follows on other recent work published in Psychological Science by Norton and colleagues that shows that giving time to others – from helping with homework to shoveling a neighbors' driveway – actually makes people feel that they have more time. "In fact, giving time away alleviates people's sense of time famine even more than receiving unexpected windfalls of free time."
"Our results suggest when the poor give money away, that very act might mitigate their feelings of poverty," Norton says. "More broadly than this specific benefit, our investigation contributes to the growing body of research documenting the benefits of prosocial behavior, which include greater happiness, reduced mortality, and better immune function."
In another experiment, the researchers measured what happens when people cannot talk about their purchases. They asked participants if they would be willing to pay a price to be able to talk about a beach vacation (experiential purchase) or an electronic good (material purchase). "Participants were more likely to switch from a better purchase that they could not talk about to a lesser purchase that they could talk about in the experiential condition than in the material one," Kumar says.
"Well-being is likely to be enhanced by shifting the balance of spending in our consumer society away from material goods and towards experiential ones," Kumar says. "This research also suggests that there are benefits to be had not only by nudging people to choose experiences over possessions, but also by encouraging people to share stories about their experiences."
"Perhaps most provocatively, children will selectively decide not to help in this way if they don't like the person," Olson says. "For example, if an experimenter has previously been mean, children won't warn the adult of a potential harm – such as something sharp in the container they are reaching in – but will if the experimenter was not mean."
"These results suggest that children are able to help adults and peers already by the preschool years in rather complex ways, even when the beneficiary is misguided about what he or she wants," Olson says. "Children don't just blindly do as they are requested, but rather consider a person's goal and consider alternative possible ways to achieve that goal."


text:
File #: Int 1024-2013 Version: * Name: Requiring the commissioner of the department of correction to post a monthly report on its website regarding punitive segregation, including solitary confinement, statistics for city jails.
Type: Introduction Status: Filed
Committee: Committee on Fire and Criminal Justice Services
Title: A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York in relation to requiring the commissioner of the department of correction to post a monthly report on its website regarding punitive segregation, including solitary confinement, statistics for city jails.
Sponsors: Daniel Dromm , Charles Barron, Gale A. Brewer, Margaret S. Chin, Leroy G. Comrie, Jr., Lewis A. Fidler, Sara M. Gonzalez, Letitia James, Peter A. Koo, G. Oliver Koppell, Brad S. Lander, Melissa Mark-Viverito, Rosie Mendez, Annabel Palma, Donovan J. Richards, Deborah L. Rose, Jumaane D. Williams, Ruben Wills, Daniel R. Garodnick, Jessica S. Lappin, Ydanis A. Rodriguez, Maria Del Carmen Arroyo, Albert Vann, Julissa Ferreras-Copeland, Robert Jackson, Daniel J. Halloran III
12/31/2013 * Daniel Dromm City Council Filed (End of Session) Action details Meeting details Not available
4/9/2013 * Daniel Dromm City Council Introduced by Council Action details Meeting details Not available
4/9/2013 * Daniel Dromm City Council Referred to Comm by Council Action details Meeting details Not available
Int. No. 1024
By Council Members Dromm, Barron, Brewer, Chin, Comrie, Fidler, Gonzalez, James, Koo, Koppell, Lander, Mark-Viverito, Mendez, Palma, Richards, Rose, Williams, Wills, Garodnick, Lappin, Rodriguez, Arroyo, Vann, Ferreras, Jackson and Halloran
A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York in relation to requiring the commissioner of the department of correction to post a monthly report on its website regarding punitive segregation, including solitary confinement, statistics for city jails.
Section 1. Chapter 1 of Title 9 of the administrative code of the city of New York is amended by adding a new section 9-132 to read as follows:
§ 9-132. Jail punitive segregation statistics. a. Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
1. "Department" shall mean the New York city department of correction.
2. "Mental health assessment unit for infracted inmates" or "MHAUII" shall mean any separate housing area staffed by mental health clinicians where inmates with mental illness serve punitive segregation time.
3. "Punitive segregation" shall mean city jail housing units where inmates who have been found guilty of violating department of correction rules may be temporarily housed as a sanction for their offense(s) and restricted to their cells more than 15 hours per day.
4. "Serious injury" shall mean a physical injury that includes: (i) a substantial risk of death or disfigurement; (ii) loss or impairment of a bodily organ; (iii) a fracture or break to a bone, excluding fingers and toes; (iv) an injury defined as serious by a physician; and (v) any additional injury as defined by the department.
5. "Staff" shall mean anyone, other than an inmate, working at a facility operated by the department.
6. "Use of force" shall mean the use of chemical agents or physical contact between a uniformed member of service and an inmate, but shall not include physical contact used in a non-confrontational manner to apply mechanical restraints or to guide an inmate.
7. "Use of force A" shall mean a use of force resulting in an injury that requires medical treatment beyond the prescription of over-the-counter analgesics or the administration of minor first aid, including, but not limited to: (i) multiple abrasions and/or contusions; (ii) chipped or cracked tooth; (iii) loss of tooth; (iv) laceration; (v) puncture; (vi) fracture; (vii) loss of consciousness, including a concussion; (viii) suture; (ix) internal injuries, including but not limited to ruptured spleen or perforated eardrum; or (x) admission to a hospital.
8. "Use of force B" shall mean a use of force resulting in an injury that does not require hospitalization or medical treatment beyond the prescription of over-the-counter analgesics or the administration of minor first aid.
b. Commencing on June 17, 2013, and on the fifteenth day of each month thereafter, the commissioner of correction shall post a report on the department website containing information relating to the use of punitive segregation in city jails during the prior month. Such monthly report shall include separate indicators, disaggregated by facility, for the total number of inmates housed in punitive segregation. In addition to the total number of inmates housed in punitive segregation, disaggregated by facility, such monthly report shall include the following information regarding the punitive segregation population, also disaggregated by facility: (i) the number of inmates in each security risk group as defined by the department's classification system directive, (ii) the number of inmates subject to enhanced restraints, including but not limited to, shackles, waist chains and hand mittens, (iii) the number of inmates sent to punitive segregation during the period, (iv) the number inmates sent to punitive segregation from mental observation housing areas, (v) the number of inmates, by highest infraction offense grade as classified by the department, (Grade 1, 2, 3), (vi) the number of inmates serving punitive segregation in the following specified ranges: less than 10 days, 10 - 30 days, 31 - 90 days, 91 - 180 days, 181 - 365 days, more than 365 days, (vii) the number of inmates receiving mental health services, (viii) the number of inmates under 21 years of age, (ix) the number of inmates who received infractions while in punitive segregation, (x) the number of inmates who received infractions that lead to the imposition of additional punitive segregation time, (xi) the number of inmates that committed suicide, (xii) the number of inmates that attempted suicide, (xiii) the number of inmates on suicide watch, (xiv) the number of inmates that caused injury to themsleves (excluding suicide attempt), (xv) the number of inmates seriously injured while in segregation, (xvi) the number of inmates who were sent to non-psychiatric hospitals outside the city jails, (xvii) the number of inmates who died (non-suicide), (xviii) the number of inmates transferred to a psychiatric hospital from punitive segregation (not MHAUII), (xix) the number of inmates transferred to a psychiatric hospital from MHAUII, (xx) the number of inmates moved from general punitive segregation to MHAUII, (xxi) the number of inmates placed into MHAUII following a disciplinary hearing, (xxii) the number of inmates moved from MHAUII to punitive segregation (not MHAUII), (xxiii) the number of inmates prescribed anti-psychotic medications, mood stabilizers or anti-anxiety medications, disaggregated by the type of medication, (xxiv) the number of requests made by inmates for medical or mental health treatment and the number granted, (xxv) the number of requests made by inmates to attend congregate religious services and the number granted, (xxvi) the number of requests made by inmates for assistance from the law library and the number granted, (xxvii) the number of requests made by inmates to make telephone calls and the number granted, (xxviii) the number of requests made by inmates who asked to attend recreation and the number granted, (xxix) the number of requests made by inmates to shower and the number granted, (xxx) the number of inmates who received visits, (xxxi) the number of instances of allegations of use of force, (xxxii) the number of instances of use of force A, (xxxiii) the number of instances of use of force B, (xxxiv) the number of instances in which contraband was found, (xxxv) the number of instances of allegations of staff on inmate sexual assault, (xxxvi) the number of instances of substantiated staff on inmate sexual assault, (xxxvii) the number of instances of allegations of inmate on staff sexual assault, (xxxix) the number of instances of substantiated inmate on staff sexual assault.
§2. This local law shall take effect 30 days after enactment.
LS # 3986


Every year, Homecoming features a spirit rally and concert the Friday before the game. Last year, not well known at the time, Imagine Dragons, performed. This year, the band Youngblood Hawke is performing. The concert, along with the spirit rally, is October 25 from 9:30 to 11:30 p.m. It will take place on Rollins outside of the Student Center. If you have never heard of the band before, here is a little history of the band, plus a look at some of their best music.
Youngblood Hawke came together in 2011, after two members, Simon Katz and Sam Martin, decided to abandon their duo and bring in three other members to form a band. The band worked all summer long writing songs. The name for the band came from the title of a book by Herman Wouk.
They released their first EP with five songs last August and recently released their first album. According to the band's website, the band features music that has elements of pop, rock, indie, dance and even some hip hop.
"We Come Running," was the first single by the band. The song is about not letting your fears or obstacles get in the way of your dreams. It made the Billboard Top 10 in November 2012 and was featured on the soundtrack for FIFA 13.
Here are a couple other videos of Youngblood Hawke's music that will get you ready for the concert.
Plus, check out this interview with the band.
You can download the first album from Youngblood Hawke on iTunes now and get ready for them to perform for Homecoming. Imagine Dragons became really famous after they performed at Mizzou ... so who know, maybe these guys will be the next big thing.


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Review: The Delinquents #2
Not since 1993's seminal Marvel hit, Slapstick #3, wherein the titular alien cartoon clown protagonist does battle with unforgettable homeless villain Neutron Bum, have I been this interested in a story about comic book hobos. Valiant's Delinquents series makes up for its regrettable lack of cosmic-imbued derelicts with a tight and hilarious story that does a legitimately interesting job of weaving in the actual culture of rail-riding vagrancy. I don't mean that as a joke, either. Ever since I came across the very real and historic "Hobo Code" (though I'm not sure it's actually called that), or the demarkation symbols Asmus and Van Lente use to build their treasure-hunting story, I was mystified by an almost Nerverwhere-ian possibility that there was this whole magical society made up of scraggly bearded drifters. Couple that with two of my favorite superhero stories currently on the market, and you've got a friend in me.
I had a ball with this book's first issue, but I have to say I dug Delinquents #2 even more, not just because it doled out a welcome dollop of fan-service, but for being the expertly-paced, hilarious thrill ride I always wanted out of this series. I mean, throughout the course of this book, we get an intro featuring a stampede of mutant bulls, which then leads to a joke subtly touching on the noble art of animal husbandry. From there, it spills over with grizzly murders, unkillable flesh monsters and dubiously-gotten Leonardo da Vinci flying machines.
As if that wasn't enough, we then get what we've all been waiting for - that fan service I mentioned above (and I don't mean that as a bad thing) - a knock-down, drag-out bust up between our dynamic duos, which obviously starts with a misunderstanding and ends with a newfound alliance. One of the great things about this scene is that Asmus knows he's being cliché. He outright says it at one point through Woody. And it's amazing, both narratively and visually.
The interaction and repartee between each pair of opponents as they square off with their respective sparring partners is fucking fabulous, and Asmus absolutely nails it both with his by-now standard organic sense of humor and in his perhaps undersung ability to use it in properly pacing a story.
Meanwhile, on art, Kano is a goddamn beast, whose work here matches Asmus' talents - especially his humor - quite possibly like no one else has. Speaking of slapstick (this time the concept, not the "beloved" character), Kano uses a lot of it here, but it never comes across as trite or hokey. Sure, characters push bookcases on each other, they drop dinosaurs on one another, one of them does the old "spilling water through the bullet hole" Looney Toons gag, and they even perform the tried and true comic book combat maneuver of punching/tackling each other through walls and over precarious cliff faces. I love that, by the way.
But all the while, Kano's action remains grounded in sharp lines and some legit badass fighting moves that keep it from tumbling deeper into outright farce, while still maintaining a light tone. Structurally speaking, he doesn't pull as many clever tricks as last time, adapting a more conventional layout scheme, that has let him tighten up his art more this issue and focus on the action at hand. And
Despite taking a longer release time than is desirable, and maybe because of it, Delinquents #2 is a comic book that does not skimp on story. From start to finish, this thing delivers full-on, gassed-up comic bookery of the highest order, and if you're not reading it, maybe it's you who's off the rails.
Story: James Asmus & Fred Van Lente Writer: James Asmus Artist: Kano Publisher: Valiant Comics Price: $3.99 Release Date: 9/17/14 Format: Print/Digital
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