text:
Everything Explained.Today
LISB
LISBO
Lisbon Regicide
Lisbon Regicide Explained
Event Name: 1908 Lisbon Regicide
Image Alt: Assassination of King D. Carlos I of Portugal and the Prince Royal D. Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza
Thumb Time: (Video thumbnail frame - see below)
King D. Carlos I of Portugal
Queen D. Amélie d'Orléans
Prince Royal D. Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza
Infante D. Manuel, Duke of Beja
Prime Minister João Franco
Alfredo Luís da Costa
Manuel Buíça
Location: Terreiro do Paço, Lisbon, Portugal
Result: Monarchical succession
The Lisbon Regicide (Portuguese: O Regicídio de 1908) was the murder of King Carlos I of Portugal and the Algarves and his heir-apparent, Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, by assassins sympathetic to Republican interests and aided by elements within the Portuguese Carbonária, disenchanted politicians and anti-monarchists. The events occurred on 1 February 1908 at the Praça do Comércio along the banks of the Tagus River in Lisbon, commonly referred to by its antiquated name Terreiro do Paço.
French Jacobinism and ideology
Some idealistic students, politicians and dissidents were inspired by the founding of the French Third Republic in 1870 and hoped that a similar regime could be installed in Portugal. The intellectual style was heavily middle-class and urban, and hardly concealed its cultural mimicry of the French Republic.[1] Most of the Republican leadership were from the same generation; many were the best-educated in the country and were heavily influenced by the French positivist Comte and the socialist Proudhon.[1] The ideology after 1891 was peppered with concepts such as municipal autonomy, political and economic democracy, universal male suffrage, direct elections for legislative assemblies, a national militia instead of a professional army, the secularization of education and separation of church and state (all copied from French revolutionaries).
The writings of Léon Gambetta (a proponent of opportunistic republicanism) and socialist leader Jean Jaurès were read and admired by students at the University of Coimbra.
After the period of monarchist revanchism in France had waned and the daily Sud Express rail service between Lisbon and Paris was established in 1887, the leftist French Jacobin influence grew stronger in Portugal (especially because it counteracted the national humiliation caused by the British ultimatum of 1890). These liberal ideas were encouraged by the French Republic (in 1870) and the Brazilian Republic (in 1889), although the French 1789 Revolution was also considered an inspiration and model.[2]
Their ideology was inclusive and vague enough to attract a variety of supporters, and the manner in which the Republican party developed allowed it to avoid narrow partisan appearances;[2] it was an ideology easily promoted by revolutionary evangelists such as journalist João Chagas, Magalhães Lima, Basílio Teles, Guerra Junqueiro and França Borges.
In the second year of the reign of King Carlos I, the Conservative government of Prime Minister Lord Salisbury delivered what is known as the 1890 British Ultimatum: a rejection of the territorial claims defined by the Pink Map of Portuguese Africa. This breach of the Treaty of Windsor forced the King to abandon Portugal's claim to a large area between Angola and Mozambique (encompassing present-day Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi). This humiliation for Portugal led to public outrage, and was seized by nascent republicans and ideological Jacobins as an opportunity to attack the monarchy.
The crisis was not a consequence of the King's actions; rather, it arose from the expansionist policies of the government under Prime Minister José Luciano de Castro. The Minister of the Navy and Overseas Territories, Henrique de Barros Gomes, conspired with German diplomats to expand colonial territory and create "a new Brazil in Africa". This was in conflict with British interests, and Portugal was quickly forced to abandon these designs under threat of diplomatic sanctions and military action.[3] King Carlos attempted to mitigate the losses with diplomacy and leveraging blood relations with both British and German royalty; he was moderately successful, but Portuguese Africa was ultimately limited to territory in Angola and Mozambique. The Portuguese people were outraged by the loss of territory, which they saw as a blow to their pride.Ultimately, Luciano de Castro's government fell not because of the ultimatum but because of opposition to the new tobacco-monopoly contract; this led to disorder, and he resigned.
Since its formation, the Republican Party of Portugal had wanted regime change. These republicans banded together after 1897, ostensibly to protest the British ultimatum; their appeals grew on fears of British colonialism, Spanish reoccupation or to challenge the failed policies of the parties in government. Teachers, journalists, small businessmen, clerks, and artisans were drawn to the Republicans, who appealed to nationalism, universal suffrage, separation of church and state and (most notably) the abolition of the monarchy and the privileges of the nobility. As a "party of attraction and assimilation",[2] it included in its membership (and as allies) other groups who were not so idealistic: secret societies, socialists and anarchist-syndicalists (who supported republicanism as a means of achieving change and ending the monarchy). A significant number of Republicans were Masons; some were members of the Portuguese Carbonária, a hard-core activist group which became "a state within the state".[2]
By 1907 there was a strong (and growing) republican presence in the cities of Lisbon and Porto, where the Portuguese Republican Party had already won local elections and intended to promote a republican government at the national level. In 1906 elections the party only received 2.7 percent of the vote, equivalent to four seats in the National Assembly. All were in Lisbon (where their supporters were concentrated), although their leader Bernardino Machado declared "we are the majority" to The Times in Paris.
Rotatavism
Problems within the political system had arisen during the Portuguese Regeneration Era as a consequence of an inefficient system of rotating governments (which saw the Progressive Party and Regenerator Party alternating in government). The British ambassador to Portugal at the time, Francis Hyde Villiers, explained the confusion and inefficiency of the Cortes (Parliament):
The transfer of government was an undemocratic process[4] decided between the leaders, rubber-stamped by the monarch and legalized in rigged elections.[5] Other sectors of the nation were also corrupted by serious economic and social issues: the judiciary was corrupt, illiteracy was between 70 and 80 percent and the nation's finances were crippled by high taxation, monopolies on tobacco and other commodities, numerous sinecures and high customs duties on imported goods.[6]
This system was aggravated at the beginning of the 20th century by new groups which formed from dissident political factions within the two main parties. In 1901 João Franco, supported by 25 deputies, abandoned the Regenerator Party to form the Liberal Regenerator Party with a radical programme of social and economic policies within the framework of the constitutional monarchy. In 1905 the Dissidência Progressista (Progressive Dissidence) was formed by José Maria de Alpoim, who also split from the Progressive Party with six other deputies. The intense rivalry between the new parties, aggravated by personal animosities, was regularly critiqued by members of the nascent Republican Party. Despite King Carlos's intent to execute meaningful reform, the efforts were largely undermined by monarchist inefficiency, incompetence, factionalism and Republican propaganda.[7]
When King Carlos decided to become politically active, it had become difficult to form a non-coalition cabinet which could win a majority in Parliament. In May 1906 he appointed João Franco premier with a plan to combat the issues of the day,[8] but the opposition was confrontational and progressively less manageable.
Franco tried to govern in a coalition with José Luciano de Castro but it, too, became unmanageable. Franco asked the king to dissolve the parliament to implement a series of political changes which included censoring the press, jailing reactionaries and establishing reforms to decentralize the government (a program stolen for the most part from the right wing and the republicans). These measures had been advocated by the mainstream parties but the monarch had refused to actively participate, stating that "the king reigns, but does not govern". Ostensibly, João Franco would govern by parliamentary dictatorship until order could be restored. This was the simplest method of government during a crisis and was first used in 1833, when the major parties at the time could not agree on a government. The king had given Franco the means of governing without them; elections would only be held when he and Franco thought it opportune, probably when "normality" had been restored.[9]
However, this measure further increased political tension; the two major monarchist parties, Partido Regenerador and Partido Progressista (who were accustomed to sharing power in an informal rotation), were infuriated. In reaction to King Carlos' action (which favored Franco's faction), they joined forces with the Partido Republicano Português to resist Franco and his cohorts. The political strategy was "Machiavellian", as Brito Camacho (leader of the Partido Unionista) later attested. There were personal attacks on João Franco and the monarch from pro-republican sympathizers, progressive dissidents and academics. At one point, Afonso Costa (a leader in the Republican Party) criticized the government for permitting unauthorized transfers for expenses within the royal household without the Cortes' sanction. Declaring that the sums should be repaid, he then insisted that the King should leave the country or be imprisoned:
As the session became increasingly confrontational another republican mounted a desk, declaring:
Teófilo Braga (future President of the Provisional Government and Second President of the First Portuguese Republic) was forcibly removed for calling the King "a highwayman in mantle and crown". Costa and Braga were suspended for 30 days. Agitation and conflict continued in Lisbon, instigated in many cases by republican youth and their supporters; there were many arrests and the discovery of stockpiles of arms and bombs. These developments created an increasingly volatile situation. Franco then prohibited all public meetings, imposed stricter controls on press freedom and began to take judicial action against "all cases of offenses against the state".[10] The king became further embroiled in events when he replaced the elected municipal councils by nominated committees and gave himself the power to nominate an unlimited number of life peers to the upper house.
The republicans held him responsible for many of the problems in the country. Republican journalist João Chagas declared,"[The King governed] against all the Parties and men that served him..."[11]
The king was becoming increasingly vulnerable. By then, members of the Republican Party had already decided to support direct (and indirect) dissident groups such as the Carbonária (organized by elements of Portuguese Freemasonry) to force regime change. On 28 January 1908, several republican leaders were imprisoned in an affair which became known as the Golpe do Elevador da Biblioteca (the Municipal Library Elevator Coup). Police found republican Afonso Costa and Francisco Correia Herédia (viscount of Ribeira Brava), both armed, at the Municipal Library elevator with others who had gathered to attempt a coup d'état. They were members of a faction known as the Grupo dos Dezoite (Group of 18), who were responsible for executing João Franco.[12] António José de Almeida, Carbonária leader Luz de Almeida, journalist João Chagas, João Pinto dos Santos, França Borges and Álvaro Poppe were imprisoned with other conspirators. José Maria de Alpoim escaped to Spain. During the events 93 republican sympathizers were detained and their arms confiscated, but the party was only partially dismantled.[12]
In response to these events (in which the monarch faced reactionary elements opposed to policies he believed were fair), his government presented King Carlos with the 30 January 1908 Decree. This law demanded deportation or colonial expulsion, without trial, to individuals convicted of attempting to subvert the public order. At the signing of the document the King declared, "I sign my sentence of death, but you gentlemen want it that way". Ironically, although the decree was signed on 30 January, it was not made public before the 1 February assassination. Preparations for the King's assassination were made in advance, according to evidence obtained at the home of assassin Manuel Buíça on 28 January. At the end of 1907, during a conference at Café Brébant on Boulevard Poissonière in Paris, a group of Portuguese politicians and French revolutionaries had already planned the liquidation of the head of government. On the morning of 1 February in the Quinta do Ché (in the parish of Santa Maria dos Olivais) and the days preceding it, the conspirators confirmed their decision to proceed with the attempt.[13]
The King, Queen and Prince Royal had been on a month-long[14] retreat at the Vila Viçosa in the Alentejo, where they routinely spent time hunting during the winter. The Infante D. Manuel, the youngest son, had returned to Lisbon days earlier to complete his studies. The previous political events had forced King Carlos to cut his retreat short and to return to Lisbon, the royal family catching the train from Vila Viçosa on the morning of 1 February. During their trip the train derailed at the loop near Casa Branca, resulting in an hour's delay. The royal carriage arrived in Barreiro at the end of the afternoon, and the royal family sailed on the D. Luís to the Terreiro do Paço in the center of Lisbon. On disembarking at the Estação Fluvial Sul e Sueste at about five PM, they were met by members of the government including Prime Minister João Franco, Infante Manuel and the King's brother Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto. Even in a climate of tension the monarch opted to travel in an open carriage, wearing his service uniform as Generalíssimo of the Army to present an air of normality. The two princes wore civilian clothes. According to usual practice the carriage was accompanied by armed police and a mounted cavalry officer, Francisco Figueira Freire.[15]
There were only a few people in the Terreiro do Paço as the carriage rounded the eastern part of the square and the first shot rang out. As reported later, a bearded man had walked out into the road after the carriage had passed; he removed a Winchester carbine rifle hidden under his overcoat, knelt on one knee and fired at the King from a distance of about 8m (26feet). The shot struck the king's neck, killing him instantly; another gunman in the square opened fire at the carriage while onlookers ran in panic. The first assassin, later identified as Manuel Buíça (a teacher and former sergeant dismissed from the army), continued to fire. His second shot clipped the shoulder of the monarch, who slumped to the right with his back lying to the left side of the carriage. Taking advantage of this, the second assassin (Alfredo Luís da Costa, a clerk and editor), jumped onto the carriage step and fired at the slumped body of the King from passenger height. The queen then stood and attempted to strike back at him with the only available weapon (a bouquet of flowers), shouting, "Infames! Infames!" ("Infamous! Infamous!").[15]
The assassins then turned their attention to the Prince Royal, Luís Filipe, who had stood to draw and fire a hidden revolver but was hit in the chest. The bullet (from a small-caliber revolver) did not exit his sternum nor was it fatal; the prince reportedly fired four quick shots at his attacker, who fell from the carriage step. However, when Luís Filipe stood up he became more visible to the attacker with the rifle; the prince was struck by a large-caliber shot which exited from the top of his skull. The young Infante Manuel, protected by his mother during the events, tried to stop the bleeding with a handkerchief but it was quickly soaked with his brother's blood.[15]
As shots continued across the square, Queen Amélia returned to her feet to call for assistance. The Countess Figueiró, Viscount Asseca and Marquis Lavradio jumped onto the carriage to support the Prince Royal. Infante Manuel was hit in the arm, and the coachman was hit in the hand. The assassin Buíça then attempted to fire another round, although it is unclear at whom he was aiming. He was stopped by the intervention of Henrique da Silva Valente, a soldier from the 12th Infantry who had appeared in the square during the commotion. During his brief confrontation with Buíça, Silva Valente was shot in the leg, but was able to distract the assassin. The cavalry officer (Francisco Figueira) remounted his horse and fired at Costa, who was then seized by police officers. Buíça, wounded in the leg, attempted to escape but was also captured.[16]
During the ensuing confusion Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buíça were killed by police, to the detriment of any further investigation. Although wounded, Buíça had reportedly continued to struggle. Their bodies were taken to the nearby police station near the city hall, along with other suspects. Sabino Costa, a monarchist worker at a local jewellery store, was mistaken for a third assassin in the crowd and shot twice in the head in the presence of other prisoners.[17]
Coachman Bento Caparica was able to direct the carriage to the nearby Royal Naval Arsenal (Arsenal da Marinha) where the King and heir to the throne were officially declared dead in the infirmary; the prince died shortly after his arrival. When D. Afonso finally reached the arsenal, he accused João Franco of responsibility for the tragedy. The Queen Mother, Maria Pia of Savoy was called to the Arsenal. She met with Queen Amélia and desolately cried in French "On a tué mon fils!" ("They have killed my son"), to which Queen Amélia replied "Et le mien aussi!" ("And mine too").
Believing that the events were part of another coup d'état, the population of Lisbon locked themselves in their homes and the streets were deserted. However, the troops were confined to barracks and the situation remained calm.
That evening the Queen Mother, the Dowager Queen Mother and new King (Manuel II of Portugal) remained under guard in the Palácio das Necessidades in fear of a further attempt on their lives. In a macabre epilogue, the bodies of the deceased were transported to the Palace in two carriages as if still alive; the head of King Carlos was slumped on the shoulder of his brother Infante D. Afonso, now the new Prince Royal. No autopsies were performed, and the bodies were embalmed under the supervision of royal physician Thomaz de Mello Breyner, a task made more difficult by the nature of their injuries.
The states and kingdoms of Europe were revolted, due to King Carlos' popularity and the manner in which the assassination was planned. Newspapers around the world published pictures (some based on false descriptions and exaggerations) with the defiant Queen Amélia wielding a bouquet of flowers. In London, the newspapers exhibited photographs of the coffins covered in flowers with the headline, "Lisbon's shame!"[18] The British king Edward VII (a friend of the assassinated king and heir) said, "They murdered two gentlemen of the Order of the Garter in the street like dogs and in their own country no one cares!"
The Illustrated London News published a number of photographs of the funeral procession and accompanying ceremonies, commenting on the apparent indifference of crowds lining the streets.
The new monarch requested the resignation of João Franco's government for not safeguarding the royal family which allowed the "elevator conspiracy" and its unpopular policies. Although the prime minister realized his policies had made him a target, he was never aware that the monarch was also targeted by dissidents. Presiding over the Council of State on the afternoon of 2 February, with his hand on his chest and wearing his military uniform, the young monarch confessed his inexperience and lack of preparation in requesting aid from his loyal ministers.
The young king demanded the resignation of João Franco and the formation of coalition government (later known as the Acclamation Government), presided over by the independent Ferreira do Amaral. The new prime minister included in his cabinet members of the Regenerator and Progressive Parties, formally ending the administrative dictatorship and reverting parliament to normality. Ferreira do Amaral abandoned the positions of the former king; he annulled dictatorial measures, liberated political prisoners, provided amnesty for marines involved in the 1906 revolt and consenting to republican demands. These included permissions for pilgrimages to the tombs of the assassins (which at one point numbered approximately 22,000 people), an event organized by the Associação do Registo Civil (Association of the Civil Registry).[19]
The king was present at the council ministers' meeting which enacted these measures, and which appointed the Marquês de Soveral ambassador to Britain. Close to the royal family, the marquês also voted for the resignation of João Franco's government. Resuming his functions in Britain, however, he saw Edward VII in London who said, "Well, what kind of country is that, in which you kill the King and Prince, and the first thing to do, is ask for the resignation of the Prime Minister? The revolution has triumphed, isn't it true"? Later the Marquês noted, "It was then that I understood the error that we had committed".[20]
Ironically, at his resignation João Franco told the republicans that they alone were responsible for the collapse of the administrative dictatorship. Initially hesitant, the republicans proposed a pact between them and the regime; later, at their national congress in Setúbal (24–25 April 1909) they decided to forcibly seize power.[21] The initial hesitation was due to the party's structure; the Republican Party was a collection of disenfranchised interests, political movements and dissident groups. Some Republicans were sincerely shocked by the regicide, even if it meant regime change. Rural conservatives were afraid of the effects of such actions on their British allies. However, the Republican Party could not turn its back on its supporters: the youth of Lisbon, already indoctrinated by the party's propaganda. Consequently, although the Party dutifully condemned the act publicly its leadership supported its base. Magalhães Lima would later declare to the press in Paris, "I am pleased; yes, very well pleased, for my country, to which a little calm will be restored" (repudiating any responsibility for the assassinations on the Republican Party).
An extensive two-year enquiry was held on the events in 1908, initially presided over by judge Alves Ferreira and later by José da Silva Monteiro and Almeida de Azevedo. During this period, evidence was provided to indict members of the Carbonária who were intent on weakening the monarchy. The investigation was concluded on 5 October, and the trial was scheduled to begin on 25 October. In the meantime, new suspects were discovered: Alberto Costa, Aquilino Ribeiro, Virgílio de Sá, Domingos Fernandes and others who were in refuge in Brazil or France; two were killed by the Carbonária to silence them.
The process was in vain; after the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October, judges Juiz Almeida and Azevedo delivered their report to José Barbosa (their superior). He in turn sent it to Afonso Costa (Minister of Justice for the Provisional Government), by whom it was lost. It is known that the exiled King Manuel II received a copy of the report from the judges, but these were stolen from his residence during a robbery shortly before his death in 1932.
Conspirators and revolutionaries
Authors of the period (many Republican) shone light on the responsible actors and their motivations, although many details remain unclear. Raul Brandão talked to people associated with the events, and extracted a confession from dissident leader José Maria de Alpoim:
António de Albuquerque (who was exiled to Spain by the royal family following the publication of his defamatory novel O Marquês da Bacalhoa) recounted the testimony of Fabrício de Lemos (one of the other assassins present in the Terreiro do Paço), which he recounted in his book A Execução do Rei Carlos (The Execution of King Carlos).[22] Aquilino Ribeiro (who did not participate directly but was involved, knew the plan and the assassins) also wrote of the events in Um escritor confessa-se (A Writer Confesses).[23] José Maria Nunes, one of the assassins in the Terreiro do Paço, also left a description of the events (often autobiographical and self-aggrandizing, but generally credible) in E para quê?[24]
Of these four analyses, only Aquilino referred to the possible kidnapping of the royal family and the planned assassination of Prime Minister João Franco. The plan was presumed to have developed at the end of 1907. José Maria de Alpoim cultivated alliances within the Carbonária and planned to acquire arms and assassinate the Prime Minister and (later) the king. These plans (as described by José Maria Nunes) were drawn up at the Hotel Brébant on Boulevard Poissóniere in Paris between two politicians and several French revolutionaries. Maria Nunes did not divulge the politicians' identity, but the French revolutionaries probably belonged to the international anarchist movement (the Portuguese ambassador in Paris had heard of plans to assassinate the royal family from anarchists living in France).
The Portuguese dissidents were the principal financiers, and the Carbonária provided the men. It was also discovered that the weapons used in the assassinations were obtained by Gonçalo Heitor Freire (a republican and Freemason) through the Viscount of Ribeira Brava, one of the main conspirators. The arms used in the Library Elevator Coup plot, originally guarded in the Armazéns Leal, were transported to the viscount's home and hidden. After the plot failed, a group of 18 men met in a mansion in Xabregas[25] on 30 or 31 December, where they plotted to assassinate the royal family.[26] Eight of the eighteen men have been identified; they constituted the first group in the Terreiro do Paço: Alfredo Luís da Costa, Manuel Buíça, José Maria Nunes, Fabrício de Lemos, Ximenes, Joaquim Monteiro, Adelino Marques and Domingos Ribeiro. The second group took up positions in Santos; a third group waited in Alcântara, covering the road up to the Palácio das Necessidades. The attackers did not believe they would survive the attempt: Manuel Buíça had a will drawn up, and Alfredo Luís da Costa paid a debt to a friend. However, the majority of the first group escaped into the crowd and the other groups never intervened in the assassinations.
The plan to kill the king was a major part of the revolt. However, a strange story was later told concerning the derailment of the royal carriage on the return to Lisbon. On the day of the plot, shortly after 4:00 pm and from the capital in Pìnzio (near Guarda), two servants of José Maria de Alpoim returning to the capital after sending their master into exile in Salamanca ran out of fuel and were forced to stop in the village. In a local tavern, witnessed by several people, the servants affirmed that at that time there was no king in Portugal because he was dead.[27] Since the plot occurred around 5:00 pm, it is unknown how the servants became aware of the events. Their timing would have been correct had the train not derailed earlier in the day. The questions of what level of planning the plot had attained and how involved was dissident José Maria de Alpoim continued to persist; although the two assassins (Buíça and Costa) were blamed for the attacks, the remaining plotters were never forgotten. After the October 5 Revolution, José Maria de Alpoim and the former viscount of Ribeira Brava were unable to participate in the hierarchy of the new regime; Apoim never advanced beyond adjunct to the attorney general, and the former viscount did not survive his term as civil governor of Lisbon (he was a victim of an October 1918 revolt).
The assassination of King Carlos and the Prince Royal was the effective end of a constitutional monarchy in Portugal (later confirmed by the 5 October 1910 revolution). The regime functioned for another 33 months with growing agitation and demands for reform (although considerably less than in the future First Republic). It cannot be denied that the weak and permissive attitude in the Government of Acclamation was an incentive for the Republican Party to attempt another coup. The assassinations did not change the system of government; instead, they delayed the change.
The assassinations remain controversial in Portugal. In 2008, the socialist government of the Portuguese Third Republic refused to participate in ceremonies commemorating the slain victims for the centenary of the regicide, forbidding participation by military personnel or government officials. The head of the House of Braganza, Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, led the ceremonies by placing flowers on the site where the assassination had taken place and celebrated a mass in their memory at the Church of São Vicente de Fora (where they are buried). During the centenary year many artistic, cultural, and historic events took place in honor of King Carlos I and the royal family, and several books on the subject were published.
Book: Fernandes, Paulo Jorge. The Political History of Nineteenth Century Portugal. Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses . Manuel Baiôa . e-JPH. 1. 1. Summer 2003. 1–13.
Book: Duarte, João Ferreira. The Politics of Non-Translation: A Case Study in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction. 13. 1. 2000. 95–112.
Book: Wheeler, Douglas L.. Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926. University of Wisconsin Press. Wisconsin. 1978.
Book: Pinto, José Manuel de Castro. 2007. D. Carlos (1863–1908) A Vida e o Assassinato de um Rei. D. Carlos (1863–1808): The Life and the Assassination of a King. Lisbon, Portugal. Plátano Editora. 978-972-770-563-4.
Book: Nobre, Eduardo. 2006. Amélia, Rainha de Portugal. Amélia, Queen of Portugal. Lisbon, Portugal. Quimera Editores. 972-589-165-1.
Book: Nobre, Eduardo. 2004. Duelos & Atentados. Duels and Assassination Attempts. Lisbon, Portugal. Quimera Editores. 972-589-129-5.
Book: Morais, Jorge. 2007. Regicídio – A Contagem Decrescente. Regicide: The Written Account. Lisbon, Portugal. Zéfiro. 978-972-8958-40-4.
Book: Morais, Jorge. Regícido. Regicide. Portuguese. Zéfiro. Lisbon, Portugal. 2007.
Wheeler (1978), p. 33
João Ferreira Duarte (2000), p. 103
The Portuguese Cortes was composed of two chambers: the Chamber of Peers, or upper house, which was composed of 90 peerages, who did not have a hereditary right to sit by descent, but were nominated by the king. The lower house was the Chamber of Deputies and was composed of 155 members, of whom 148 represented continental Portugal, Madeira and the Azores, and seven the overseas colonies. The franchise was given to all Portuguese subjects aged 21 or over who could read and write or who paid taxes amounting to 500 réis a year. There was also a Council of State with 72 members appointed by the king.
Villiers (2006), p. 2
Villiers (2006), pp. 3–4
Villiers (2006), p. 5; on 29 October 2007, King Carlos opened the Cortes with a speech announcing measures providing for reforms in every branch of the administration, including a new electoral system, liberty of the press, old age pensions, reorganization of the army and navy, and development in the colonies.
Villiers (2006), p. 10
Noémia Malva Novais (2008)
Eduardo Nobre (2004), p. 36
Eduardo Nobre (2004), pp. 36–37
Web site: Noémia Malva Novais . (in Portuguese) The Royal Family had been in Vila Viçosa during the month of January; the King was an avid hunter . Historiandoecomunicando.blogspot.com . 2006-07-11 . 2012-08-22.
Pinto Basto . Guilherme . The Tragedy of Lisbon . British Historical Society of Portugal Annual Report . 1997 . 24 . 29 January 2020.
Book: de Castro, Anibal Pinto. 111 & 120. O Regicidio de 1908. 978-972-26-2677-4.
Eduardo Nobre (2004)
Marquesa de Rio Maior (1930); the group also provided flowers and compensations of about 500 réis per person or 200 réis per child.
Luís Augusto Pinto de Soveral (1947)
Maria Cândida Proença (2006), p. 100
António de Albuquerque (1909)
Aquilino Ribeiro (1974)
José Nunes (1918)
Miguel Sanches de Baêna, 1990,
Villiers (2006), p. 11; Sir Francis Villiers, English ambassador to Portugal, shared the general opinion that the assassins had intended to kill not only King Carlos and the Crown Prince but also D. Manuel, and then to expel the next heir to the throne, D. Carlos's brother, D. Afonso, Duke of Oporto, whom Sir Francis damningly described in his report for 1910.
António Cabral (1931), pp. 235–336
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lisbon Regicide".
Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2020, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.


Don't be fooled by Piff's ridiculous costume though, he's actually a very talented magician in his own right. He regularly performs his act at major casinos in Las Vegas. He's also a member of the highly prestigious Magic Circle, one of the most distinguished professional associations for magicians, where he is one of their youngest lecturers.
Next story They Dropped A Basketball From 415 ft. I Didn't Expect This To Happen!


© Penelope Beaumont. Giles Block at the Sam Wanamaker Awards 2011.
What is your job title and what does it actually mean?
I have been at the Globe since 1999 and while in those early days I had some job titles – one was Master of the Words – now my position is that I'm the Globe Associate in charge of text. What that means is that I am responsible for helping to make the delivery of the text as clear and expressive, and as naturally spontaneous as possible. So I work with the actors and try to explain to them why Shakespeare writes in the way he does, and when needed to, I try and help unravel the meaning behind some of his knottier passages.
Which is your favourite Shakespeare play and why?
If you had asked me this twenty years ago I've had said The Winter's Tale. Back then I was mainly a theatre director and I'd always wanted to direct this play, because it is so mysterious and such a entrancing mix of the tragic and the comic, of loss and rediscovery. I still have not had a chance to direct it, but now because my role is to undertake the text work on so many of his plays, I think I begin to like best whatever play I'm currently working on. I sometimes say I have twenty favourite Shakespeares these days.
It depends on the time of year. During the spring and summer my typical day could be in rehearsals taking part in 'table work' – that is when the actors and director first begin to investigate the text of their play, working out what it all means and why the characters say what they say. Or later I sit in and listen to how rehearsals are progressing. I'm frequently moving from one play to another as sometimes as many as four productions are rehearsing at the same time. If I am not in rehearsals I'll be working 'one to one' with individual actors, listening to them and suggesting ways that they might make what they have to say, more exciting for them, more fun, truer. Later on a typical day I might be in the theatre watching a performance. But no two days are ever exactly alike. I also have an assistant working with me, which is a help, especially because it's good to have someone you can discuss the day's work with.
During the autumn and winter the Globe Theatre is closed for professional productions, and at that time of year my typical day might be spent working for Globe Education and giving classes to drama students who are attending courses at the theatre. But at that time of year I might only come into the theatre about three days a week. From 2014 the Globe is opening its indoor theatre – The Sam Wanamaker Playhouse – and then professional theatrical production will happen throughout the year.
What is the strangest task you've ever undertaken in the name of your role?
By the time I heard about Sam Wanamaker's project to build the Globe – I suppose in the late 80's / early 90's – I was already very interested in Shakespeare and how his plays would have been first performed. By that time I had been working in the theatre, first as an actor, then as a director for about twenty five years. So I went to meet Sam and talked to him about things that interested me – one of which was where the staircase would have been situated that allowed the actors to move from the upper level down to the main stage – something which we have never really solved – and I also staged a fund raising concert for Sam to aid the ongoing appeal to make the Globe a reality. But it was not until I met Mark Rylance in 1998 that he became interested in the way I had begun to feel that actors might best approach Shakespeare's texts, that in 1999, he invited me to join the company. To begin with I combined my 'text work' with directing for him – though under Mark we were not called Directors, but 'Masters of Play'. But after a few years the text work took over from the occasional directing.
Knowing when to say what to actors.
Any (Globe specific) career highlights so far?
Receiving the Sam Wanamaker Award in 2011.
If someone wanted a role like yours, what advice would you give them?
I have had a very lucky life. I feel I have always followed what I wanted to do and have in some ways achieved that. Though I never thought that I would end up doing what I'm now doing – though I feel that I am now doing, probably, what I do best. I had great fun being an actor for several years; then I became somewhat unsatisfied with acting and wanted to direct as well. I gradually achieved that and then the acting faded away. Then I became intrigued by Shakespeare's texts, and the way they are written, and by his development as a writer, but especially I became intrigued by how actors approached and delivered his texts, and whether Shakespeare's own actors might have delivered them somewhat differently. So I realise that what has happened to me is that the role I play now is a role that I have created for myself – and it has come about simply because it became my main fascination. I've met many young directors (some of these become my assistants) who are interested in what I do, and in some of the things I say, but I think all of them want to be simply directors, so I've never met anyone who wants to do what I do exactly. But my general advice would be to pursue your dreams, but be prepared to change them as you change, because you can't ever know where you might end up.
My book is about Shakespeare, and in particular how can actors get the most out of playing all these many wonderfully varied parts that his plays are filled with.
You can purchase Giles' book from our Shop.


text:
Single Dinky Toys
Dinky Sets
-822 Half-track M3 (1960-71)
-760 G.P.O. Pillar Box (1954-60)
Dinky Toys re-painting
-195 Jaguar 3.4 Mk.II (1961-65)
--27g and 342 Motocart (1949-61)
Gentlemen -- I must admit
Jonathan---Well,I'll admit
You make me curious, Jonathan
New arrivals today. And then
-150 Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith (1959-64)
Jan--What a nice, well
A lot of beautiful happy
Jan---Sorry that I did not
-501 - 505 Foden type 1 (DG, 1947-1952)
Hi Folks !
--25h and 250 Streamlined Fire Engine (1936-54)
Great Jacques, now the puzzle
Following the discussion in
I understand your point, but
--39d Buick Viceroy Saloon (1939-50)
The point I meant to make is
Hello boys.
Unless you know someone who
Good to see the little Pillar
It started without base plate
It's very interesting to see
-191 Dodge Royal Sedan (1959-64)
Two more models arrived today
5 days 7 min ago
Salut camarade
-888 Berliet GPO saharien avec chèvre [Berliet GPO Sahara Pipe-Layer] (1960-1968)
For Dirk, a copy of the
The Peugeot 402 ref. 24 K and
Hi Dirk,
Military Matters
Some more new models that
A fine example, and thanks
And here it is, pre-war 25h
There is at least one model
Dirk -- there are some Dinky
Good morning Johnny.
Dirk -- that military Buick
Registered Users: 246
Published Nodes: 1462
Home > Forums > British Dinky Toys > British Cars
dinkycollect
Joined: Fri, 06/26/2015 - 22:49
--38c and 102 Lagonda Sports Coupe (1946-55)
The Lagonda...I think one of the most handsome cars Dinky ever made.
I happen to have met the prototype of the Lagonda V12 at Brooklands on June 30 2007. The car has been restored completely to original condition, it looks absolutely fantastic. This car was so expansive that it was never made as well as that. I also met Arnold Davey the historian of the Lagonda owners club who later wrote to me about the Dinky Toys model. See below.
From the Lagonda page of the Dinky Toys Encyclop
Hi, both versions of the Lagonda here:
Left the original which was introduced in April 1946 (black hubs, sturdy wind screen, with frame, little piece broken off) and at the right the export version with coloured hubs and the flexible (now bent down) wind screen.
Thanks for showing both of those. It is amazing how much better the original windscreen looks compared to the flimsy replacement. It is the proper height and with the silver edging looks quite realistic, and they also are not going lay back like some of the later ones. But I can also guess that since they were much more rigid, they also were more likely to break or crack. I have never seen those early ones here in the states...........
janwerner
Joined: Tue, 07/15/2014 - 06:56
Arising from a recent addition of an example out of of the first batch produced early 1946, some more about the Lagonda.
Althought designed and announced pre-war already, the Lagonda Sports Coupe was issued post-war only. The model made its first appearance in the June 1939 Meccano Magazine, but disappeared in later pre-war and early war advertisements of the 38 series. The only ones showing up pre-war are the 38a Frazer-Nash - B.M.W. Sports Car, 38b Sunbeam-Talbot Sports Car and 38d Alvis Sports Tourer (38e Triumph Dolomite Sports Coupe was never issued and replaced by 38e Armstrong Siddeley Coupe in 1946 and 38f (S.S.) Jaguar Sports Car was issued as late as end 1946).
Evidence of the pre-war design activities for the Lagonda can be found in the surviving drawing, job no. 12036 of 9 January 1939 (which I have never seen). The wooden prototype is also still existent. It was first discussed and shown in b/w by Julien Loffet in Modellers' World 8/2 of January 1979.
Accompanied by the 153a Jeep the Lagonda had the honour to open the post-war Dinky Toys range as a first, advertised in Meccano Magazine of April 1946. Models produced end 1945 and before end 1946 were still fitted with the smooth hubs (familiar pre-war, but now with larger axle holes). In a similar way open sports cars had the steering wheels made solid, without the separate spokes. So the earliest batch of Lagondas produced in 1946 are chracterized by these features. Early post war white tyres can be found. Most, however, have the small black tyres, sometimes with the nice fine tread of the period.
Like the other 38 sports cars details on the sides - like door contours - are missing. With the (economical) restrictions of the dies Meccano chose for sacrificing these details in favour of the nicely detailed interiors of this and the other 38 series models. Regular celluloid windscreens can be found, but also firmer plastic silver framed ones and rather flimsy, easy to fold down in the course of time on later export models. These later, post-1950 export models have their hubs turn into coloured ones instead of the earlier satin finished black ones. As an export model for the US market the Lagonda survived long enough to undergo renumbering into 102, in fact the starting numbers of the later real post-war British Sports Cars.
I like the sleek, flowing lines of the Lagonda very much. The model seems to be even more elegant than the real one, which is a beauty in itself. I hope for some comments, additions and corrections. The more data, photos and colours the better. Kind regards, Jan
dinkyfan
Jan---Thanks for expanding our thread on the Lagonda.....I still think it is one of the most handsome models Dinky made.....it has such nice lines. Your new model appears to be in wonderful condition, and I really like seeing one with the white tires.....gives it an elegant look.
I wanted to raise the topic of these 38 series windscreens again; I mentioned the silver edged one on a recent Armstrong Siddeley I had acquired, and I commented then on how little seems to be known about them: when were they used, and exactly how was the silver edge accomplished? I have even seen the little Jaguar, with its twin, small screens, with silver edging. My Armstrong Siddeley has a very uniform silver edge.....was this done with some form of small roller? Or some kind of brush? Hard to imagine it being applied mechanically.
Another issue is the thicker windscreen, which looks so much better than the later flimsy ones, seen on most export models. But it appears that some thick windscreens did not have the silver edging, so in all, 3 types were used.....thick, but no edging, thick with silver edge, and thin or flimsy at the end. I would guess that Keith Harvie might have more insight on this. I am guessing that these different ones were also reflected on the factory drawings.....have any of those survived? One last comment on the prototype Lagonda.....I seem to remember reading that after much searching and looking, by Lagonda experts, that the Dinky is not a true model of any specific Lagonda, but does closely resemble a couple of them, and certainly has the "Lagonda look".
Best regards, Terry
As far as I know I have seen the flimsy bent down windscreens on export models only, and the silver edged windscreens on the earlier black wheeled 38 series models only. The 'regular', more stiff celluloid ones may be seen on all models. The only way to test this assumption is that members post far more examples from their collections (in written text of photos), provided that they are convinced that the cases mentioned/shown are fully authentic, with original screens, not replaced ones. So this is an invitation ...
I agree that the model - with all its understandable limitations - in some respects deviates slightly from the real world car indeed. For instance, it looks too low, and the wheels look slightly too small - but that's a general problem with using a limited number of standard wheel/tyre categories on models of various scales. Kind regards, Jan
Jan Oldenhuis
Joined: Thu, 07/30/2015 - 22:47
Here is my 1st version of the DT Lagonda that I received recently. It has the smooth black hubs, white tires and a dense solid steering wheel.
A stunning real model of this Lagonda has undergone a remarkable history in the Netherlands. A successful and wealthy architect in the Netherlands had bought in 1938 a Lagonda LG6 drophead coupe. There were only two of these cars in the Netherlands. It was the most beautiful, expensive and best car in the world that was made in that time and there are only 85 made of this model. In WWII he hid the car for the German Forces, but after the war the car was confiscated by the Dutch Interior Forces.
In this hidden Lagonda was the British General and Field Marshal Montgomery after the liberation of the Netherlands in May 1945 through the mayor of Amsterdam driven along thousands of cheering Amsterdam citizens. See snapshots of a video. Note the steering wheel on the left side instead of the British right side!
I also add some pictures of an authentic LG6 Lagonda drophead coupe in maroon and a restored Lagonda in green, the same colour as the real DT model. A brilliant car.
Kind regards to all.
Jan Oldenhuis (703)
Another beautiful Lagonda model, and an early one at that.....very, very nice Jan. After seeing both your very early one, and also Jan Werner's, they both appear to have the thicker windscreen, but without the silver edging, which leads me to think that the silver edging was a little later, but before the export versions.
Hi Jan, isn't it a coincidence that both of us found the same not-so-very-common version of the Lagonda within one single month? And that I happened to visit you this week and admire your collection! Showing the photos of your model here, it struck me once more that one of the white tyres of yours is a treaded one. Observing that, I told you that I have a contemporary, very early post war no. 152b Reconnaisance Car which has a mirrored tyre composition: all white and treaded, except for one smooth white tyre, fore, left. If these tyres weren't so vulnerable nowadays we might have considered to (ex)change them. Kind regards, Jan W
A well-play-worn Lagonda, found in a French shed. Many play-worn Dinky 38c's are in a better condition, this one still fetching GBP 97.744 at an auction. Dutch text by Bart van den Acker, photography Artcurial, published in Kampioen, monthly for ANWB members, issue June 2017. Kind regards, Jan
Joined: Mon, 07/06/2015 - 20:56
My two versions.
The grey with black hubs was not on this forum yet ! Now it's done
Copyright © DTCAWebsite.org 2013. All Rights Reserved.
Designed by PlanetTucker.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
king rail range map
Email: Orders@Trainworld.com Their breeding season c… North America; Region. Learn more. The King Rail lives mostly along the southeastern and eastern coastlines of the United States. County Executive Dow Constantine announced investments in the 2017-2018 budget that take steps toward achieving this vision, including more service and capital projects … Curbside Pickup Available NOW! Allow plenty of time between destinations, have a full tank of gas, and be alert to oncoming traffic. Match 1 inch 3/8 Dovetail Low. There is less information for eastern black rail habitat in the winter range, but wintering habitat is presumably similar to breeding habitat since some sites in the southern portion of the breeding range … Ridgway's Rail. The king rail is the largest and rarest of the secretive, marsh-dwelling rail species found in New York. Occurrence. Tous les livres et les dernières actualités de la maison d'édition I Understand. Brentwood is a suburban town with a small shopping area and high street. Enable JavaScript to see Google Maps. Discover the past of Queensland on historical maps. United Kingdom rail map. King Rail in New York State: species description, life history, distribution and habitat, status, management and research needs Bird Species Habitats Range Map … Match 1 inch 3/8 Dovetail Medium . https://doi.org/10.2173/ebirdst.2018, Certain products may be unavailable due to insufficient data. . Toggle navigation. King Rail. King Rail Rallus elegans Range map Data provided by eBird. Old maps of Omaha Discover the past of Omaha on historical maps ... Timeline Attributes. Gilbert King is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.com. Learn more. Breeding Range Codes: AF: Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara) AN: Antarctica : AO: Atlantic Ocean : AU: Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east … King Rail Rallus elegans. Phone: 718-436-7072. Brentwood is a town in the Borough of Brentwood, in the county of Essex in the East of England. Try Merlin Bird ID. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. King County Metro and Sound Transit have partnered to create a new, subsidized annual pass program, allowing qualified riders to travel on select transit in our region with 100% subsidized fares. This data set is a primarily a combination of the Puget Sound Lidar Consortium (PSLC) data collection effort for Vashon Island and the Seattle-area (2001–2002), and a comparable collection for the remainder of the county and the … King Rail - South Dakota Birds and Birding King Rail Range Map. How Climate Change Will Reshape the Range of the Ridgway's Rail. Estimated for 2018. City planners, elected officials, scholars and residents for the first time ever this month gained access to comprehensive aircraft and road noise inventory data that will help them design infrastructure, create policy and conduct research.The data are presented on the National Transportation Noise Map, a project from the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Afghanistan had, therefore, good relations with both Cold War enemies. Get Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds. Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbæ̀ɾɡn̩] ()), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway.At the end of 2019, the municipality's population was 283,929. King Rails forage within a home range that varies from about 11 acres to 68 acres. Its call is a steady series of harsh notes, more staccato than the call of the very similar Clapper Rail. Year … September 15, 2020. Two recognized subspecies of the King Rail are Rallus elegans elegansfound in North America and Rallus elegans ramsdeni found in Cuba (Reid et al. Resident to short-distance migrant. Choose your starting location to view future service in your area. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. The range of the King Rail extends west to the 100thmeridian in the United States, into southern Ontario, throughout Cuba and in Central Mexico (Figure 1). Audubon's scientists have used 140 million bird observations and sophisticated climate models to project how climate change will affect this bird's range in the future. The King Range is a great crumbling mass of sediment that thrusts from the Pacific Ocean to a height of 4,088 feet just a few miles inland. TrainWorld® 751 McDonald Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11218. The best features at your fingertips. 1025x747 / 249 Kb Go to Map. It has a patchy distribution in salt marshes of the Pacific Coast, as well as inland around the salty waters of the Salton Sea. The detailed trail reports with hike descriptions, trail maps, photos, and driving directions serve as … https://doi.org/10.2173/ebirdst.2018, Certain products may be unavailable due to insufficient data. . Click here to return to the species description page . Rarely flies in the daytime except under extreme pressure. Do more with Pro. Europe; Region. The King Range National Conservation Area (NCA) is located about 230 miles north of San Francisco and 60 miles south of Eureka. There are a number of maps available from Whatcom County Planning and Development Services (PDS) in both PDF and hard copy format. Asia; Region. Get the latest information on openings here. NEWS. Here, the landscape was too rugged for highway building, forcing State Highway 1 inland. Site officiel de Pocket sur Lisez! Somewhat erratic in occurrence on the breeding grounds: may be common at a given locale in wet years, scarce or absent in dry years. Information, images and range maps on over 1,000 birds of North America, including sub-species, vagrants, introduced birds and possibilities. Code: NSMM138H. When you have eliminated the JavaScript , whatever remains must be an empty page. The Range, Elsie Margaret House, William Prance Road, Plymouth, PL6 5ZD Registered No. Range eggs per season 6 to 14 TfL Tube and Rail maps, Bus maps, Santander Cycle maps, River maps, Congestion Charge maps, Oyster Ticket Stop map, visitor and tourist maps, audio maps King Rail Rallus elegans Range map: Breeding Data provided by eBird. 30mm Long Range; 30mm Sportsman ; 30mm FFP; 34mm FFP ... One Piece Air King 3/8 " mounts with Recoil Stop - 30mm High. Search using Map View to find your next hike! A rapid decline of King Rail populations has been noted in the northern portion of their range including in New York State where the species is considered a rare breeder. USFWS Map/Data for Eastern Black Rail SSA; Current Range of the Eastern Black Rail (2011 to present); May 2018. View a list of additional operational changes related to COVID-19 The 13,745-acre Tiger Mountain State Forest, near the West Tiger Mountain Natural Resources Conservation Area, is Our free all-season trail guide resource offers everything from short, easy, nature walks to challenging mountain hikes above timberline in the alpine zone. A rusty-colored breast gives way to alternating light … King Rail Breeding Bird Survey Map, 2011-2015 : Image credit: U. S. Geological Survey : Return to King Rail page À partir de 1,99 € TTC par ordre et sans droits de garde pour les Comptes Titres Ordinaires. The Black Rail is the smallest member of the rail family. World Related places: Region. Light distance and ranging (lidar) technology has been used to acquire high-resolution elevation and return pulse intensity data for western King County and the southwestern portion of Snohomish County. One of the most secretive birds in North America, almost never seen under normal conditions, although its metallic clicking calls may echo across the northern prairie marshes on summer nights. The King County Council adopted the METRO CONNECTS long-range vision on January 23, 2017. This map depicts the range boundary, defined as the areas where the species is estimated to occur at a rate of 5% or more for at least one week within the breeding season. 3850x5051 / 3,11 Mb Go to Map. A failed MAP sensor has serious implications on fuel control, vehicle tailpipe emissions and fuel economy. South America; Old Maps Online. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. Skip to content. The smallest of North America's rail species at six inches in length; the black rail is stocky, short-billed, short-tailed, and round-winged. Oceania; Region. eBird data from 2014-2018. Food availability may determine seasonal movements. Try out our new Map Hub which we are building up with additional content. Match 1 inch 3/8 Dovetail High. This remote region of mountains and seascapes is known as California's Lost Coast and is accessible only by a few back roads. World-class mountain bike trails, and 42,585 acres of coastal wilderness are two of the highlights of this incredibly unique area. Looking for ID Help? Covid-19: Centres to be established for vaccine roll-out in early 2021 AllTrails Pro makes getting outdoors easier and safer than ever. Fink, D., T. Auer, A. Johnston, M. Strimas-Mackey, O. Robinson, S. Ligocki, B. Petersen, C. Wood, I. Davies, B. Sullivan, M. Iliff, S. Kelling. The Lost Coast Trail is a wild and unique backpacking adventure along one of the most rugged sections of the Northern California Coast. Range: Breeding. Thank you to the thousands of community members who helped shape the roadmap for providing world-class transit to our growing region. It measures 15 to 19 inches in length, has a wingspan of 21 to 25 inches, and weighs approximately 12 ounces. Hezb-i Islami Khalis fighters in the Sultan Valley of Kunar Province, 1987. Unlike the Clapper Rail, it also lives in freshwater marshes, along the lower Colorado River and its tributaries. 2020. eBird Status and Trends, Data Version: 2018; Released: 2020. Soviet troops in Gardez, Afghanistan in 1987. Breeding Range Codes: AF: Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara) AN: Antarctica : AO: Atlantic Ocean : AU: Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east … You access the maps through the Whatcom County Tax Parcel Viewer. Maps and map applications of all kinds—interactive map viewers, downloadable maps, map collections and more—from all around King County government. The city lies in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau, which crosses an area of tropical plantations, mainly tea. Not all of this area is defended, but there is little overlap between pairs' ranges when water levels are stable. Range. Thank you to the thousands of community members who helped shape the roadmap for providing world-class transit to our growing region. We use cookies to help give you the best experience. .. Whether you're looking for a leisurely stroll, an intense training hike or a multi-day trek, there are a wide range of options suited to entice walkers of all levels of skill, fitness and abilities. The King County Council adopted the METRO CONNECTS long-range vision on January 23, 2017. This map depicts the range boundary, defined as the areas where the species is estimated to occur at a rate of 5% or more for at least one week within each season. The Clapper Rail lives in similar habitat and regions as the King Rail and can also be found along the coastlines of Mexico. Banque en ligne avec Offre Trading : Donner des ordres n'a jamais été aussi attractif. 2005). Allow plenty of time between destinations, have a full tank of gas, and be alert to oncoming traffic. Eligible customers can enroll starting October 15, 2020. .. Fares, Routes & Service. This is because the MAP sensor measures "absolute" pressure, based on a perfect vacuum, rather than atmospheric pressure. John James Audubon first called the King Rail the Freshwater Marsh Hen because of its preference for freshwater marshes (Meanly 1969). eBird data from 2014-2018. Hiking trail reports and guides for New England. It is mostly dark gray or black on the head, bill, and chest with white-speckled dark wings, back and lower abdomen. A close relative of the Clapper Rail of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, and was considered part of the same species until recently. June – Dec 2016. Learn how to create your own. The municipality covers 465 square kilometres (180 sq mi) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. Virginia Rail. The Newark Light Rail (NLR) is a light rail system serving Newark, New Jersey and surrounding areas, operated by New Jersey Transit Bus Operations.The service consists of two segments, the original Newark City Subway (NCS), and the extension to Broad Street station. Get directions, maps, and traffic for Miramichi, NB. Old maps of Omaha on Old Maps Online. An elegant dweller of freshwater and brackish marshes, the King Rail is a rich buffy bird with crisp stripes on its sides. The throat of the female is pale gray or white, while the throat of the male is pale to medium gray. #1: A RDC-3 model Rail Diesel Car built by the Budd Company in 1953, equipped with two 275 horsepower diesel engines manufactured by General Motors. A tall, narrow body and long toes allow it to move silently and unnoticed among the floor of the cattail marsh. OpenStreetMap is a map of the world, created by people like you and free to use under an open license. ("King Rail, Life History", 2011; Poole, et al., 2005) Key Reproductive Features; iteroparous; seasonal breeding; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate) sexual; oviparous; Breeding interval King rails breed once yearly. This map was created by a user. Match 1 inch Weaver Style Low. The Tokul Creek Trestle once carried rail cars; Eli Brownell/King County Parks Stretching from McCormick Park in Duvall to Rattlesnake Lake in North Bend, the Snoqualmie Valley Trail (SVT) was first developed in 1911 as a spur line for the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad and converted to a multi-use "rail trail" in 1986. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. Range map provided by Birds of the World Explore Maps Find This Bird Listening for King Rail calls is a good first step in finding them, so aim for quiet, shallow marshes and look for calm, dry weather. Explore Birds of the World to learn more. Mountmaster AO Match Mounts. Northeastern Coastal United States Recent records from this region between 2010 and 2017 include reports of eastern black rails from both inland freshwater locations and coastal salt marsh; however, the total number of recent occurrences is low for this time period. Compare with Similar Species. The LRTP will guide future funding plans and policies needed to move LA County forward for a more mobile, resilient, accessible, and sustainable future. Final Plan: The METRO CONNECTS was transmitted to King County Council on August 11, 2016. 4092x5751 / 5,45 Mb Go to Map. The City Subway opened on May 16, 1935, while the combined Newark Light Rail service was officially inaugurated on July 17, 2006. King is the UK's largest manufacturer of trailers for abnormal loads. Estimated for 2018. Check out nearby trails and explore all the possibilities. King County Metro and Sound Transit have partnered to create a new, subsidized annual pass program, allowing qualified riders to travel on select transit in our region with 100% subsidized fares. Share on Looking for Google Maps API Alternative? Search for: Search. At 20 "Hg, the MAP sensor will indicate about 5 psi. Code: NSMM1WL. Trouvez la boutique SFR la plus proche et découvrez notre sélection de smartphones, accessoires, offres internet et mobiles ainsi que nos autres bons plans. 2020. eBird Status and Trends, Data Version: 2018; Released: 2020. Besides historical maps, research, and data, the land office today uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), and computer-aided design (CAD) systems to compile, analyze, and distribute the most accurate information possible about the location of … Code: NMC38ONE30H . It was originally built for the Duluth Street Railway. This is the largest bird in the rail family. This map depicts the range boundary, defined as the areas where the species is estimated to occur at a rate of 5% or more for at least one week within each season. It is bordered to the northwest by … The black and yellow bill is long with a slight downward curve. Learn more. About United Kingdom (UK): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, for short known as Britain, UK and the United Kingdom, located in western Europe. Two of these species are the Virginia Rail and the Yellow Rail and are found in Canada and the United States. Discover the past of Omaha on historical maps. Complete list and interactive map of FCC Cell Phone Towers across Virginia including address, hours, phone numbers, and website. Match 1 inch … This map depicts the range boundary, defined as the areas where the species is estimated to occur at a rate of 5% or more for at least one week within the breeding season. Please call 360-778-5941 for availability. Zoom in to see how this species's current range will shift, expand, and contract under increased global temperatures. Online Maps You can now access Whatcom County GIS maps through an online interface. Draft Plan: Community members and stakeholders provided feedback on the draft Long-range plan, METRO CONNECTS, including the service network and supporting elements. Range Map; Sightings Map; Migration. It is in the London commuter belt, situated 20 miles (30 km) east-north-east of Charing Cross and close by the M25 motorway.In 2017, the population of the town was estimated to be 54,885. #W-56: Built by the Missabe shop forces in 1939, carrying a General Motors 160 horsepower diesel engine. His book Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a … Occurrence. The King Range NCA encompasses 68,000 acres along 35 miles of California's dramatic north coast. Road map of UK and Ireland . Enter Bird's Name in Search Box: www.birds-of-north-america.net: There are five species of rails found in North America. Find a place Browse the old maps. Shop for Trail Maps at REI - FREE SHIPPING With $50 minimum purchase. The 2020 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) provides a detailed roadmap for how Metro will plan, build, operate, maintain, and partner for improved mobility in the next 30 years. Code: NSMM138L. Learn more. This input helped shape the final plan. Symptoms of a bad or failing MAP sensor include: 1. View waypoints from an active community of 20 million AllTrails users. 1000-2010 Mercator. The nape and upper back is chestnut-brown and the eyes are scarlet red. Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range. Species in This Family. By using this website, we'll assume you agree to the use of cookies as outlined in our privacy policy. All roads leading to the King Range NCA are narrow, steep and winding. 1994, Poole et al. Old maps of Omaha on Old Maps Online. The King Range NCA's Douglas fir-covered peaks attract hikers, hunters, and campers, while the coast beckons to surfers, anglers, beachcombers, and many others. Attention: Recreation Alerts and Closures Recreation alert: DNR managed lands and campgrounds have begun to open. Use map overlays to see community geotagged photos. In 1973, while the King was in Italy, Daoud Khan launched a bloodless coup and became the first President of Afghanistan, abolishing the monarchy. State Ranking Justification. Hit the trail with confidence. Click on an image to compare. The 25-year Sound Transit 3 Plan would expand mass transit in Snohomish, King and Pierce Counties with a range of light rail, commuter rail and bus connections. Range eggs per season 6 to 14; Average time to hatching 22 days; Average fledging age 63 days; Both parents exhibit parental care for the young, however the female generally is present more often than the male. Iran (Persian: ایران  Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ()), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران  Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān [dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn]) and also called Persia (primarily in the Western world) is a country in Western Asia. King Rail Rallus elegans. Welcome to Old Maps Online, the easy-to-use gateway to historical maps in libraries around the world. The King Range area is nearly untouched by civilization, with only a few small towns along the two-hour shuttle from Shelter Cove to the Mattole Beach trailhead to the north. Climate Threats Near You. UK location on the Europe map. Some facilities may not be available. It is the Nation's first NCA, designated in 1970. The King Range is a small and steep mountain range formed near where three tectonic plates meet. All roads leading to the King Range NCA are narrow, steep and winding. Antarctica; Region. Democratic Republic regime and Soviet war . Africa; Region. Group Home; Companies . This largest of North America's rails is very secretive as it slips through short marsh vegetation in search of crayfish, crabs, and frogs. ALL SPECIES MAPS ON THIS PAGE ARE THE PROPERTY OF SOUTH DAKOTA BIRDS AND BIRDING, and may not be used, copied, or distributed on any other website, blog, or other distribution media without written approval by the site owner. Named the Mendocino Triple Junction, this place has complicated and violent geology. RapidRide I Line. Seven Seas (Open Ocean) Region. Code: NSMM138M. Hosting is supported by UCL, Bytemark Hosting, and other partners. Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. Both parents care for the young, which take almost 2 months to become independent. info)) is a major city in Sri Lanka located in the Central Province.It was the last capital of the ancient kings' era of Sri Lanka. Fink, D., T. Auer, A. Johnston, M. Strimas-Mackey, O. Robinson, S. Ligocki, B. Petersen, C. Wood, I. Davies, B. Sullivan, M. Iliff, S. Kelling. When it comes to hiking destinations in Australia, we really are spoilt for choice. The breeding season for king rails occurs from April through July. or. Breeding season The breeding season for king rails occurs from April through July. Eastern black rail habitat photo – Honduras, 2013; Photo by R. Gallardo and A. Vallely. The King Range National Conservation Area (NCA) is located about 230 miles north of San Francisco and 60 miles south of Eureka. Old maps of Queensland on Old Maps Online. Eligible customers can enroll starting October 15, 2020.
Carrabba's Marinara Sauce Ingredients, Oyster Shells For Chickens, What Does A Maple Tree Seedling Look Like, Bdo Attributes Of A Herald, Bayesian Inference Machine Learning,
king rail range map 2020


Did You Know There's A Desi Archies In Mumbai & It Sells Super Funky Stuff?
Remember when Archies was our go-to store for any of our friend's birthday? From greeting cards to photo frames, it was the best collection in town. And now, Archies has opened a desi spin-off called Desi Archies and their collection will leave you impressed.
Desi Archies was introduced in 2015 and entered Mumbai in October 2016. The city has one store as of now which in located in Santa Cruz. They have a super lit collection of handicrafts, home décor, kitchen & dining items, fashion accessories, stationary and barware.
The moment you enter the store, you'll be greeted by a colourful range of kettles, notebooks and show pieces. If you move towards the end of the store, you'll notice the super cute desi shot glasses, tea sets and cushions. Do not miss their incredible collection of drawer chests. They are perfect for storing all your jewelry.
So, this gifting season, you have another kickass store added to your list and believe us, you won't be disappointed.


text:
Intuit to mobilize Quicken, Mint with Check acquisition
Intuit will offer the ability for mobile users to pay bills and check bank accounts through the Check service
Joab Jackson (IDG News Service) 28 May, 2014 04:14
Intuit is expanding its consumer and small-business financial services to tablets and smartphones with its purchase of mobile bill pay provider Check for approximately US$360 million.
Check's service has thus far attracted more than 10 million registered users. From their phones, Check customers can monitor their bills and accounts, as well as receive alerts when bills come due and have those bills paid automatically.
Intuit plans to pair Check's mobile service with its own desktop finance management software, Quicken, as well as with its online checkbook, Mint.com.
Intuit offers a mobile version of Quicken for iOS and Android, though the app does not have the ability to pay bills.
In addition to Check's sizable customer base, Intuit wanted the company's consumer payments capability, which it could use to streamline interactions between consumers and small businesses, which Intuit is also pursuing with products and services such as QuickBooks and Intuit Payroll.
Based in Palo Alto, California, Check was founded in 2007, under the name Pageonce, to provide an easy way to store passwords for multiple iOS apps.
The company soon found that many of its users were deploying multiplying financial apps and so it shifted its attention to offering bill-paying services. Check's app now can centrally manage multiple bank accounts and credit card services
In the U.S. alone, people paid more than 14.7 billion bills in 2013, nearly half of which were paid online or with mobile apps, according to financial services analysis firm Aite Group.
For 2013, Intuit generated $4.2 billion in revenue for its line of finance software for small businesses and consumers.
Once the transaction closes, Check will become a business unit within Intuit's Consumer Ecosystem Group. Check CEO and co-founder Guy Goldstein will serve as an Intuit vice president. Intuit expects the deal to be completed by the end of the year.
Joab Jackson covers enterprise software and general technology breaking news for The IDG News Service. Follow Joab on Twitter at @Joab_Jackson. Joab's e-mail address is Joab_Jackson@idg.com
Tags Mergers and acquisitionsbusiness issuesIntuitCheck
More about IDGIntuitMintQuicken
business nbn Enterprise Ethernet Guide
Transitioning Special Services to the nbn access network


text:
namespace CertiPay.Common.Testing
{
    using NUnit.Framework;

    /// <summary>
    /// An attribute for a test that is a unit test.  Should only be applied if the test only tests a singular class.
    /// </summary>
    public class UnitAttribute : CategoryAttribute
    {
        public UnitAttribute()
            : base("Unit")
        {
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
About Stephen Karam
Stephen Karam is the Tony Award-winning author of The Humans, Sons of the Prophet and Speech & Debate. He has written a film adaptation of Chekhov's The Seagull starring Annette Bening which will be released by Sony Picture Classics in 2018. He is an OBIE Award winner and a two-time Pulitzer Prize finalist.
His adaptation of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard premiered on Broadway as part of Roundabout's 2016 season. Recent honors include two Drama Critics Circle, Outer Critics Circle and Drama Desk Awards; a Lucille Lortel Award, Drama League Award and Hull-Warriner Award.
Stephen is a graduate of Brown University and grew up in Scranton, PA.
Annie Baker
Paula Vogel
Lynn Nottage
Quiara Alegría Hudes
Dominique Morisseau
Ayad Akhtar
Taylor Mac
Sarah Ruhl
Tracy Letts
Caryl Churchill
Stephen Adly Guirgis
The Humans (Revised TCG Edition)
Speech & Debate (Acting Edition for Theater Productions)
Books By Stephen Karam
All Formats Kindle eBooks Audiobook Audible Audio Edition Paperback Sort by: Popularity Popularity Price: Low to High Price: High to Low Avg. Customer Review Publication Date Sort by:Popularity
The Humans (Revised TCG Edition) 2 May, 2016
by Stephen Karam, Samuel G. Freedman
Winner of the 2016 Tony Award for Best Play
Finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Drama
Winner of the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Broadway Play
Winner of the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Play
"THE BEST PLAY OF THE YEAR" --The New York Times, The Washington Post, New York Magazine, Chicago Tribune, The Hollywood Reporter, Time Out New York, NPR
"Drawn in subtle but indelible strokes, Mr. Karam's play might almost qualify as deep-delving reportage, so clearly does it illuminate the current, tremor-ridden landscape of contemporary America. The finest new play of the Broadway season so far — by a long shot."—Charles Isherwood, The New York Times
Breaking with tradition, Erik Blake has brought his Pennsylvania family to celebrate Thanksgiving at his daughter's apartment in lower Manhattan. Unfolding over a single scene, this "delirious tragicomedy" (Chicago Sun-Times) by acclaimed young playwright Stephen Karam "infuses the traditional kitchen-sink family drama with qualities of horror in his portentous and penetrating work of psychological unease" (Variety), creating an indelible family portrait.
Stephen Karam's plays include Speech & Debate and Sons of the Prophet, a finalist for the 2012 Pulitzer Prize and the winner of the 2012 Drama Critics Circle, Outer Critics Circle, Lucille Lortel and Hull-Warriner awards for Best Play. Born and raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania, he now lives in New York City, New York.
Speech & Debate (TCG Edition) 24 Jul, 2017
by Stephen Karam


text:
Comfort food and Rev. Jesse Jackson
Pauline e-mailed asking me about comfort food. What did I like?
I think we all love mac & cheese and mashed potatoes. But, honestly, pizza rolls.
In the 70s, I used to make those for my sons. In the early 70s, I would usually put them in the toaster oven. By 1976, I would pop them in the microwave. For some reason, I have been craving them of late. I eat them like quesadillas -- meaning, I put them on the plate and do a dab of guacamole and a dab of sour cream to dip them in. I also cook them in the oven so that they are crisp.
Now this is from the Reverend Jesse Jackson (at COMMON DREAMS):
The murder of George Floyd was a lynching in broad daylight.
Three police officers stood and watched as a fourth, Derek Chauvin, knelt on Floyd's neck. They watched for 8 minutes and 46 seconds, with Floyd unresponsive for 2 minutes and 53 seconds of that, according to the criminal complaint against Chauvin. They did nothing to stop the murder.
Their silence was as much an act of violence as Cauvin's knee. And if there were no video recording of the murder, they likely would have upheld the Code Blue loyalty, and lied about what happened.
Floyd's murder sparked peaceful demonstrations in cities across the country, demonstrations that, in Minneapolis and a few other places, turned toward riots. Chauvin and his co-conspirators weren't immediately arrested for the murder. Had Floyd, an African American, done this to a white person, he likely would have been jailed immediately, with a bond too high to reach.
For too long, for too often, African Americans have been brutalized without consequence. Floyd's plea for mercy — "I can't breathe" — was an echo of Eric Garner's last words. Laquan McDonald, Tamir Rice, Trayvon Martin, too often the killers walk free. The signs say Black Lives Matter. Yet the very people who are supposed to protect us too often, in too many places, don't seem to agree.
Instead of accountability, police have been given impunity. There were 17 complaints filed against Chauvin in his 19 years on the force. Only one resulted in even a reprimand.
Too few of the police live in the communities they patrol. Too many see themselves as enforcers, not protectors. There are only a few bad apples, we are told. But the Code Blue wall of silence protects the abusers, and too often rots the entire barrel. Young officers learn that if they want to advance, if they want better assignments, better pay, more security, they have to fit in. And the rot keeps spreading.
The demonstrations are necessary. The rioting understandable but regrettable. Already, the damage done to property, the exchanges with the police becomes the subject, not the agenda that is necessary to focus on the outbreaks of rage that are inevitable.
"In the final analysis, the riot is the language of the unheard," Dr. King taught us, "What is it that America has failed to hear?"
A number of us wrote about music last time:
As Tears Go By
Laura Nyro
how barbra streisand killed her own hit singles
Just a song
Tuesday, June 2, 2020. Covid and ISIS continue in Iraq.
Sometimes you just have to shake your head and wonder at the stupidity. For example, Rafael Noboa Y Rivera shows up at THE DAILY BEAST to tell you "I'm an Iraq Veteran. The Cops Are Treating Citizens Like They're Under Occupation." I'm not questioning the police violence. It's taking place. It's documented in video after video of the protests. I am asking what the hell Rafael is thinking? This is how you acted in your tour in Iraq? Or this is what you saw? You already sold out everyone in 2008, veterans, remember? You sold out your fellow veterans who, sadly, were willing to be sold out. Barack Obama didn't want the big protest that veterans were threatening. He was going to meet with veterans. Rivera was part of that 'deal' that wasn't. Barack never met with them, he just strung them along to avoid the headlines of ''Veterans Protest Barack."
Now Rafael shows up, as Americans are disgusted to see the way protesters are being attacked by the police, to tell us this is what he, the Iraq Veteran, saw under occupation?
If so, you really need to apologize to the Iraqi people. And you need to stop acting like what took place there was in any way okay because it wasn't. Your use of it to make an analogy demonstrates that it was not okay.
On the protests, here's Margaret Kimberley (BLACK AGENDA REPORT) speaking to Australia's SKY NEWS.
Violence continues in Iraq. MENAFM notes, "According to the Iraqi military, two soldiers and two Islamic State (IS) militants were murdered on Monday, June 1st in an airstrike and a bomb attack in the Iraqi provinces of Nineveh and Diyala." And, KURDISTAN 24 notes, "on Sunday, terrorists killed two members of the Iraqi federal police and the Iranian-backed Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and wounded six others, according to local media reports and a PMF statement."
You may remember that it was just last week when we were laughing at the Iraqi military spokesperson who was insisting ISIS had been "vanquished" and was no longer a problem in Iraq.
There are many problems in Iraq. That includes the coronavirus.
AL-MONITOR reports:
Iraq reimposed total lockdowns over the weekend following a surge in COVID-19 cases.
After meeting with his COVID-19 task force on Saturday, Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi's government decided to institute a nationwide curfew until June 6, 2020.
"The joint meeting underscored the importance of all citizens continuing to follow official health advice and physical distancing guidelines, and to comply with the curfew to keep themselves, their families and communities safe," the government said in a press release announcing the restrictions.
Under the latest guidelines, only supermarkets, bakeries and pharmacies are allowed to remain open. These businesses cannot have more than five people in them at a time, and both employees and customers must wear masks. Some ministries will be closed, people must wear masks when outside and the closure of Iraq's airports to commercial flights will continue until June 6. Restaurants will be allowed to deliver, according to the release.
The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraqi-Kurdistan also began a full lockdown today with similar restrictions until June 6, according to a KRG Department of Foreign Relations tweet.
MEED notes Iraq has 6,868 confirmed cases of Covid-19, there have been 215 deaths and there have been 3,275 who have recovered. On the recovered, we'll note this report.
On Covid and Iraq, Caitlin Cawley (COMMON DREAMS) offers:
One way Americans can inhabit this crossroads in the weeks and months to come is by reading Iraqi occupation literature — that is, literature by Iraqis about life between 2003 to 2011, when the U.S.-led Coalition Forces occupied the country. Over the last decade, a number of brilliant fiction and nonfiction books about the occupation have become available in English. Two that stand out among this emerging subgenre are "The Corpse Exhibition and Other Stories of Iraq" by the award-winning Arabic writer and filmmaker Hassan Blasim and "Baghdad Burning: Girl Blog from Iraq" by the anonymous Iraqi software engineer-turned-blogger Riverbend. Others include "The Corpse Washer" by Sinan Antoon, "Frankenstein in Baghdad" by Ahmed Saadaw, "The Beekeeper: Rescuing the Stolen Women of Iraq" by Dunya Mikhail, and "Baghdad Noir" edited by Samuel Shimon.
These works challenge readers to share in the experience of being occupied. Just three months ago, this experience might have been considered a subject for only niche academic audiences or, worse, written off as the plight of an unlucky pocket of the globe. But the demanding isolation of social distancing, deepening precarity caused by the shutdown of all "nonessential" sectors, and seemingly imminent threat of infection and illness have made these narratives relatable to a wider American public. The idea of being confined, indefinitely, to one shelter was inconceivable for many of us prior to the coronavirus. During the first two weeks of the shutdown, my students, who were forcibly dispersed across four continents in a matter of days, began each virtual meeting by noting how surreal and dystopian it all felt. As one New Jersey-native put it, "It's like we're in a 'Black Mirror' episode, right?"
It's also the first time since the Vietnam War that the U.S. public has been confronted with so many dead bodies, and so many lives that cannot be fully grieved. The drone footage from New York's Hart Island, where hundreds of unclaimed corpses are being buried in mass graves, crystallizes this phenomenon. It's also a dilemma shaping our daily lives in less spectacular ways: health care workers broadcasting a patient's final moments via FaceTime, essential employees beginning their shift after a brief announcement about a coworker passing, reporters updating listeners and viewers with the latest death toll.
While this is new ground for many Americans, it's old ground for many Iraqis. The mortality rate in Iraq prior to the 2003 invasion was about 5.5 people per 1,000 per year and rose to 19.8 deaths per 1,000 in the year 2006. That same year, the rate of violence rose by 51 percent in just three months, with an estimated 5,000 deaths per month. The country's medical facilities struggled to cope with the influx of bodies and the lack of capacity in their morgues, and families hired civilians to search dumps, river banks and morgues for the bodies of missing relatives.
[. . .]
One of those features is the trope of Iraq's occupied civilians as ghosts, jinnis (supernatural spirits in Arabic mythology), or divided subjects — liminal figures existing at the threshold between life and death, waking and dreaming, human and non-human, here and there. "Baghdad Burning" opens about five months after the American invasion with the pseudonymous author resolving to blog about daily life under the occupation because, as she writes, "I guess I've got nothing to lose." She quickly distinguishes herself from the "third world" Muslim women of the Western imagination. A university-educated engineer with a music collection ranging from Britney Spears to Nirvana, the 24-year-old had a budding career and busy social life prior to May 2003. She was free to move — solo and hijabless — around the city as she pleased. All that changed with the occupation.
Riverbend chronicles the shift from her pre- to post-invasion life in details that are equal parts humorous and harrowing, raw and cerebral. She notes how the American troops carry out conventional forms of combat: killing, wounding and torturing Iraqi people. (Abu Ghraib, she affirms, was a watershed moment). But more often, she attends to the military's more abstract and indirect engagement with those living in Baghdad. The occupying troops ravage the country's infrastructure — electricity, water, gas and other basic services are constant problems — and they spread themselves everywhere in order to control and reconstruct the city. They also conduct patrols and raids that operate along the same logic as terrorism: surprise, chaos, asymmetry and mistrust. These strategies seem to facilitate the Islamic State's domination and violence, a phenomenon that Riverbend highlights in her interrogative about the sounds that wake her at night: "What can it be? A burglar? A gang of looters? An attack? A bomb? Or maybe just an American midnight raid."
"Baghdad Burning" also gives readers a window into the psychological and social effects of the occupation. This form of militarism makes Riverbend and other Iraqis feel like they exist in an alternate reality, outside recognizable social and structural forms, like politics and time. When Donald Rumsfeld visits the country in September 2003, Riverbend observes how he moves through Baghdad "safe in the middle of all his bodyguards." Rumsfeld's movement is a particularly cruel and distressing element of the occupation for Riverbend, whose own mobility had become radically restricted (by that point, she couldn't leave home without a head covering and male relative). "It's awful to see him strutting all over the place … like he's here to add insult to injury … you know, just in case anyone forgets we're in an occupied country." The young Baghdadi woman's experience of the perverse and unassailable distance between herself and the U.S. Secretary of Defense typifies the occupier-occupied relationship in "Baghdad Burning," a dynamic that leads Riverbend to the hopeless feeling that "everything now belongs to someone else … I can't see the future at this point."
Last month, UNAMI noted a survey:
This month the Government of Iraq with the support of UNFPA and UNICEF, unveiled the results of its National Adolescent and Youth Survey.
The survey was the first of its kind in over a decade, with the last survey taking place in 2009. Its aim is to enable the Iraq Federal Government and the Kurdistan Regional Government to develop adolescent and youth-centered policies based on what adolescents and youth see as priorities. The launch took place online due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the participation of the Minister of Planning, Dr Nouri Al-Dulaimi, the Minister of Youth and Sports, Mr Ahmed Taleb, the Deputy UN Special Representative for Iraq and Humanitarian Coordinator, Ms Marta Ruedas, along with UNFPA Representative, Dr Oluremi Sogunro and UNICEF Representative, Ms Hamida Lasseko.
"Young people are the innovators, creators, builders and leaders of the future. But they can only live out their full potential if they have skills, health and choices in life and most importantly, an adequate system that meets their inspirations," explained Ms Marta Ruedas.
Iraqis between the ages of 10 and 30 were asked about a range of key thematic issues affecting their lives, including health, education and civic engagement. According to the survey, 39% expressed worry about their future financial security and employment prospects. With over a quarter of Iraqis between the ages of 15 and 30 jobless, Iraq is one of the countries with the highest youth unemployment rates in the region.
"The results show that young people have a clear understanding of citizenship, political and social life and livelihoods as well as their rights and obligations. The survey will be the basis for a clear and transparent process to put together youth-based policies," said the Minister Taleb.
Iraq is a country with a young population. The median age is 20. By contrast, in the United States it's 38 years-old. The youth have taken to the streets because of the corruption, because of the lack of jobs, because of issues with diplomas (including hiring issue), because of a government that does not serve the people.
Mustafa al-Kadhim only became the prime minister on May 7th. But this is not supposed to be a four year term. That's the point Ayad Allawi was making when he Tweeted the following on May 26th:
No public tribunal has yet been formed to try protestors' killers; and neither have martyrs' families, those wounded and made handicapped been compensated. In addition, there must be a fixed date for fair and early elections; a new electoral law; and an independent commission.
The following sites updated:
Dissident Voice
Who's Trashing Downtown Every Night and Why?
Curiosity on Mars
Dump Joe
Rawanda, the US
Dispatches From Kansas City: The 'Insurrection' That Wasn't (May 30-31, 2020)
Wanda Sykes, get a life, get a job, get a hobby, just go away
THIS JUST IN! WHY DOES SYKES EVEN HAVE KIDS?
Gorilla Radio
Gorilla Radio with Chris Cook, Pablo Ouziel, Elisabeth Tova Bailey, Janine Bandcroft June 4, 2020
Finding Connection And Comfort In Live Stream Concerts During Quarantine
Latino USA
Dispatches From Atlanta's First Night Of Protests
The lunacy never ends at NYT
Joe Biden can't stop lying
Where is Zach Haller?
CNN and NPR parade their bias against General Flynn
Who knew and covered for Jeffrey Epstein?
What makes YOUTUBE think it knows me?
How NYT ensures people do not think about what Bob...
Don't believe the polls
Stevie Nicks' "The Tower"
Ray McGovern
Jeffrey Epstein and his good friend Bill Clinton
Thoughts on R.F.K. and J.F.K.
Someone please put Joe Biden to bed already
I CAN GET IT FOR YOU WHOLESALE
Sometimes you kiss a prince and he turns into a toad
Independent media?
Is Rod Rosenstein telling the truth?
She doesn't want to testify


Broadly speaking, what's prized is speed, fluency, unusually good battery life and a great display.
Samsung has had a premium foothold for many years because of its'Notice' series, devoting big displays, excellent battery life and a lot of engine-power.
Apple soon caught up with its large-screen iPhones. But there is no wonder that the most impressive newcomer is Huawei. In its Mate 20 Pro, the Chinese company has gone all-out online design, features and power. As a bonus, it has arguably the most impressive and complete camera system on a telephone right now.
I will get started with that attribute, as it is one that I typically look like a tiebreaker between mobiles.
The Mate 20 Guru has three back cameras, arranged in a square formation on the back. But unlike its god P20 Pro's three cameras (one of which can be a black lens), this variety comprises three separate standard (27mm, 20 megapixels), zoom (80mm, 8 megapixels) and wide-angle (16mm, 40 megapixels) lenses. This makes it the only phone in the Irish market with a committed ultra-wide angle focal length (such as a GoPro).
For someone like me who's considering using their telephone a lot for a camera, this can be an awesome feature to have. By default, I'm using the wide-angle lens most. It brings a look to photos that you simply can't get together with any other handset.
The Mate 20 Pro also has the incredible'nighttime' HDR style that brings night-time city shots, specifically, living. It requires a range of photos in a few seconds and mix them together for a fairly startling overall shot.