Well, my friends, it's 2012! The past year sure did fly by.
For me, it was filled with many ups and downs. But, as any aging adult knows...such is life.
The roller coaster is always ready for passengers and it never takes the same course twice. Sometimes you get off the ride and feel elated. Ready to ride again. Other times, you exit with bumps and bruises and a sense of being ripped off. No one exits completely unscathed. We all take our hits, but hopefully learn something about ourselves along the way.
I'll spare everyone (including myself) all the bad and focus on the good.
* I finished my sketchbook for the Sketchbook Project in January, turned it in and visited it later in April for the Sketchbook Project Tour in ATL. I met many friends during the SBP and am now exchanging mail art packages with a few of them, including Nature's My Friend and Saylor Made.
* I DID manage to start this blog and keep it going for a few months. (just to taper off as the holidays came near). I shared my garden, my kitchen and my quirky life with all of you. I am back at it again and will do my best not to disappear again!
* I got my first tattoo (pictured above) from a true tattoo ARTIST, Terry Harwood at Lady Liberty Tattoo Parlor in South Carolina. This was a very unexpected Christmas present from Scott. The whole discussion about the tattoo, the appointment being set up and the actual inking was done in a matter of 2 days! And to anyone who knows me...I'm not very impulsive or rash in my decision making. I have no regrets and plan to see him again for a least 1 more tattoo.
* I met some new friends (a high school friend of Scott's) who seems to be living a similar, although crazy life, with an unusual work schedule. I have been very pleased to find people who instantly feel like you've know them all your life. I can't say I expected things to turn out like they have...but I'm sure glad they did. Here's to you Michele and Brian!
I could go on and on, and that alone tells me that even though some things didn't turn out quite the way I planned, I can't complain. I've been blessed with a loving and supportive fiance. I've made countless new friends (some of which I will never let go of) and I'm here to celebrate another year of life.
Make the most of what you have now, learn from the bad, and always dream for more.
Until next time...Hold on for the ride (it gets bumpy sometimes)!
I'm happy I met you and am sharing mail art as well! Cheers to a hopeful 2012!
Thank you so much! I wish you and your family the same.


HOUSES FOR SALE IN "LAS MORAS RESIDENCIAL"
HOUSES FOR SALE IN "LAS CEIBAS "
HOUSES FOR SALE IN "NUEVO VALLARTA"
Located in the heart of Nuevo Vallarta and Riviera Nayarit within the reaches Luma.
A unique development that combines the customary quality, exclusivity you deserve and the peace he longs for five luxury apartment towers facing the sea, ready to welcome you to a world completely apart and close to everything.
In Luma you will have the necessary staff and facilities to not have to worry about and deal only with deciding. Deciding to take the sun, play golf, go to the spa or entertain guests on the terrace.
Our main goal is that you maintain your usual lifestyle while you get used to living on vacation.
Development "Villas Altas" has 14 beautiful condos are just 15 minutes south of Puerto Vallarta in Mismaloya on one side of the hill. A gated community with stone cobbled streets, fountains and beautiful homes.
These condominiums located by cascading hillside overlooking the Bay of Mismaloya.
The views of these condos are Mismaloya Beach and the set of the movie Night of the Iguana and ongoing costs, has to be one of the most spectacular views of the bay. Each floor has a terrace grade, some with their own Jacuzzi and palapa bar.
Our spacious two-story villas are luxurious and unparalleled in the area of Puerto Vallarta, planned by the clientecon the highest expectations of quality, our villas will exceed your wants and needs. Each villa has 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, pool or spa, meticulously crafted front funds, common area with pool, entertainment area, bar, gym, playground for children. This is a gated community with security, underground parking and elevator for easy car ride from home.
Each villa has three bedrooms and three bathrooms, underground parking and elevator service. Our spacious Villas on the first floor has a pool and the villas of the upper level with entertainment area and spa with a roof. A gated community in the heart of Puerto Vallarta.
Here are blended residential and commercial spaces in a development that incorporates the most modern facilities with a modern and comfortable design, including its time, a private club spacious and functional as well as a regional shopping center.
La Joya Huanacaxtle with pre-sale prices starting from U.S. $ 200.000. This condo will consist of 79 apartments with 2 bedrooms and 10 spectacular penthouses with 3 bedrooms with terraces. This development is a typical hectare gardens will hold the combined comfortable relaxation areas with extensive gardens and infinity pool.
Alamar is surrounded by a peaceful atmosphere composed of wooded walks, recreation areas and many amenities where you and yours can enjoy every moment of your stay in this unforgettable development. Its luxurious beach club, one of the best planned of the bay, offers multiple pools, snack bar, poolside cabanas and better quality services.
Development completely safe for your family in Nuevo Vallarta. This only ten minutes from the international airport.
It has limited public access and exclusive residential areas as beaches and grounds offer a quiet, clean and in total freedom. Its streets are paved and the sidewalks are shaded by palm trees. It has a magnificent beach with more than 2 kilometers long on each side.
It is located a few meters a marina. It has 3 golf courses and 3 tennis clubs nearby as well as three huge infinity pools and a choice of 40 private pool areas. It also has gym, spa, restaurants and snack bars run by franchisees.
Located on the second entrance to Nuevo Vallarta and bind only 790 meters from the beach club.
Spacious, quality and harmony in Puerto Vallarta. Residential first class luxury finishes and special facilities.
Exclusive Residential Properties in Fluvial Vallarta, 2 different models with 2 and 3 bedrooms.
Exclusive Residential Development in Puerto Vallarta, located in the area of greatest growth and betterment of Bahia de Banderas, close recreation centers, educational, sports and business, Private Flamingos is the best alternative of life, which combines elements of taste and open spaces. This forms an excellent place for you and your family enjoy all the comforts of an avant-garde lifestyle, in an atmosphere of complete harmony and tranquility.
Puerto Vallarta Office.- Boulevard Fco. Medina Ascencio Km. 2.5, Int. Plaza Caracol, Local 53, Puerto Vallarta, Jal.


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The National Coordinator for New Zealand is Wayne Mills (email klqwayne[at]gmail.com).
Typically there are a dozen heats from March to June. See the forthcoming quizzes section below and our Schedule of Heats and Finals.
I want to enter a team
The winners of the 2020 National Final are Havelock North Intermediate.
Havelock North Intermediate, Winners of the 2020 New Zealand Final
There are 17 forthcoming New Zealand heat(s)/final(s).
Coming up next: Northland Heat, Wednesday 31st March 2021.
Choose heat/final for more info... Wed 31 Mar 2021: Northland Heat Wed 07 Apr 2021: Central Otago Heat Thu 08 Apr 2021: Southland Heat Fri 09 Apr 2021: Otago Heat Mon 12 Apr 2021: South Canterbury Heat Tue 13 Apr 2021: Canterbury Heat Thu 15 Apr 2021: West Coast Heat Fri 16 Apr 2021: Nelson/Marlborough Heat Wed 05 May 2021: Taranaki/Whanganui Heat Thu 06 May 2021: Wellington Heat Wed 12 May 2021: Manawatu Heat Fri 14 May 2021: Hawke's Bay Heat Mon 17 May 2021: Bay of Plenty Heat Wed 19 May 2021: Waikato Heat Fri 21 May 2021: Auckland Heat 1 Fri 21 May 2021: Auckland Heat 2 Sat 26 Jun 2021: National Final
Northland Heat Kerikeri Primary School, Kerikeri, Wednesday 31st March 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Central Otago Heat The Remarkables School, 49 Lake Ave, Frankton 9300 Queenstown, New Zealand, Wednesday 7th April 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Southland Heat Longford Intermediate School, Gore, Thursday 8th April 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Otago Heat Dunedin North Intermediate School, Dunedin, Friday 9th April 2021, 11:00 – 14:00
South Canterbury Heat Grantlea Downs School, 65 Grants Road, Timaru 7910 South Canterbury, New Zealand, Monday 12th April 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Canterbury Heat Turanga Central Library, Christchurch, Tuesday 13th April 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
West Coast Heat St Patrick's School, Greymouth, Thursday 15th April 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Nelson/Marlborough Heat Broadgreen Intermediate School, Nelson, Friday 16th April 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Taranaki/Whanganui Heat Sacred Heart Girls' College, New Plymouth, Wednesday 5th May 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Wellington Heat Samuel Marsden Collegiate School, Karori, Thursday 6th May 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Manawatu Heat Feilding Civic Centre, 84 Aorangi Street, Feilding 4702, Wednesday 12th May 2021, 10:00 – 13:00
Hawke's Bay Heat Napier Intermediate School, Napier, Friday 14th May 2021, 18:30 – 21:30
Bay of Plenty Heat Tauranga Intermediate School, Bay of Plenty, Monday 17th May 2021, 18:30 – 21:30
Waikato Heat Southwell School, 200 Peachgrove Road, Claudelands 3252 Hamilton, New Zealand, Wednesday 19th May 2021, 18:30 – 21:30
Auckland Heat 1 St Cuthbert's College, Remuera, Friday 21st May 2021, 09:30 – 12:30
National Final National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, 70 Molesworth Street, Thorndon 6011 Wellington, New Zealand, Saturday 26th June 2021, 13:00 – 15:30
Taranaki/Whanganui Heat 2020
Canterbury Heat 2020
West Coast Heat 2020
Nelson/Marlborough Heat 2020
You can view full details of past New Zealand heats/finals on the Schedule of Heats and Finals.
2020: Havelock North Intermediate
2019: Palmerston North Normal Intermediate School
2018: Belmont Intermediate
2017: Wellesley College
2015: Southwell School
2014: Awakeri School
2013: Takapuna Normal Intermediate
2011: Tahuna Intermediate School
2009: Belmont Intermediate, Auckland
2008: Cathedral Grammar School, Christchurch
2007: St Cuthbert's College, Auckland
2006: St Margaret's College, Christchurch
2004: Evan's Bay Intermediate, Wellington
2003: Muritai School, Wellington
2001: Longford Intermediate, Gore
2000: St Patrick's School, Napier
1999: Acorn Academy, Auckland
1998: Auckland Normal Intermediate
1997: Howick Intermediate, Auckland
Whitcoulls NZ
Wright Family Foundation
LZR & Associates
What form of aerial transport does a witch favour? Do you know the answer? Find out here!
The answer is: Broom (sticks) Try another question...

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Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser
A Magical Holiday Tradition, Where Family Memories Are Made - Money Raised Goes To Help Martha's Vineyard Boys And Girls Club
Photo Feed
The Story Behind Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite, Where Holiday Memories Are Made
December 4, 2018 Guinevere Cramer Leave a comment
Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser Story – It's hard to remember Christmas in Edgartown without the Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite. Now in its eighth year, the Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser has become a big part of the Island's holiday traditions. It's one that people of all ages look forward to, and one that has continued to delight and warm the hearts of so many each year.
For many years, Wendy Harman, Point B Realty Owner, and Teddy Bear Suite Co-Founder, celebrated Christmas with her family in Seattle. As with us, there are many Christmas traditions, and for her, that included the Teddy Bear Suite at the Fairmont Olympic Hotel.
Teddy Bear Suite Traditions
The Seattle Teddy Bear Suite is full of holiday splendor as well, but it's more formal, more look-and-see but do not touch, whereas the Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite is more of a hands-on experience — one that encourages cuddling! Like the Teddy Bear Suite on Martha's Vineyard, which raises money for an important cause, the Martha's Vineyard Boys & Girls Club's Healthy Happy Kids after-school food program, the Teddy Bear Suite at the Fairmont Olympic Hotel raises money for the Seattle Children's Hospital.
For many years, Wendy and her family (and thousands of others) enjoyed the Teddy Bear Suite as part of their Christmas tradition in Seattle. In 2011, Wendy decided it was time to bring the magic of the bears to Martha's Vineyard, and create a fun community event that also would support the community.
Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser On Martha's Vineyard
The first year of the Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite was a lot different from the grandeur you see today. We joined forces with the Harbor View Hotel, our hosting partner for the first seven years, now temporarily closed for renovations.
We had a small room, on the second floor, in the back of the hotel. We decorated the space festively, had a good number of bears, and one large one, Edgar, and we had no idea what to expect.
We were scheduled to open at 12:00 p.m. on Saturday, after the Christmas in Edgartown parade. We opened the doors, and we had a line down the hall, down the stairs to the lobby. It was overwhelming and exciting. The bears were an immediate hit! It was unlike anything else ever seen on the Island.
For the next two years, the Teddy Bear Suite moved into a two-room suite with a water view in the front of the hotel. The bear family grew and grew and grew. Each year a new big, larger than life bear joined us, and each year more and more people came to visit.
Teddy Bear Suite Grows
The Teddy Bear Suite then moved to the Harbor View Hotel's Captain's Cottages. This was a game changer. We had our very own cottage, and boy did we up our game. It was an incredible space for our bears and for people to visit, full of the magic of the season, a place where holiday memories were made.
Teddy Bear Suite Bear Gift
In 2016, we received an incredible donation of bears from Island resident, Rose Walsh. Her mother was an avid collector of bears for her entire life. When she passed, Rose inherited the bears, and wanted them to have a home where they would be loved, her mother's love of bears shared with others. The Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite was the perfect solution, and boy did our fuzzy family grow!
Here is the full heartwarming story about Rose's mom, A Woman's Legacy Lives On With The Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite. This addition of hundreds of bears brought the Teddy Bear Suite to a whole new level! The Teddy Bear Suite has now become an anchor event in Christmas in Edgartown!
Healthy Happy Kids Food Program
As the event grew, so did our fundraising. By last year, our seventh year, the Teddy Bear Suite had raised over $126,000 for the Martha's Vineyard Boys & Girls Club After School Program. For the last two years, all money raised has gone to the vital Healthy Happy Kids food program, which now feeds 40% of the Island's K-8 public school population.
Last year we were able to completely underwrite this very important program that's helping end childhood hunger on Martha's Vineyard. It's a program that works and is having incredible success. We need to raise $45,000 this year to make this possible.
We hope you will visit the eighth Annual Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite in its new home, 17 Winter Street, Nevin Square in downtown Edgartown, and support this worthy cause. If you can't make it, we ask that you consider making an online donation to the Club's Healthy Happy Kids. Help these kids be kids, and not worry about their next meal. You can donate anytime online.
Online Donations Pass $17,000!
We've already raised more than $17,000 online! Click here to securely donate to the Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser, and be a part of the solution to ending childhood hunger on Martha's Vineyard.
If you do plan to visit the Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite in person, we're open for four full days during Christmas in Edgartown festivities. People of all ages are welcome to come. Check our Teddy Bear Suite hours here.
Our website MVTEDDYBEARSUITE.COM is the home of all things fundraising and Teddy Bear Suite related. And if you use social media, our hashtag is #myteddybearsuite which will automatically add your pictures to our social media photo feed!
Posted in: Martha's Vineyard Boys & Girls Club, Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser Filed under: Childhood hunger, Christmas in Edgartown, Edgartown, healthy happy kids, martha's vineyard, Martha's Vineyard Boys & Girls Club, Martha's VIneyard Teddy Bear Suite, Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser, Teddy Bear Suite
← Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Opens This Week – Here's A Peek At What's New For 2018
The Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Raffle Is Back – Get What You Really Want for the Holidays! The Vineyard Restaurant Experience (a $700 value) and More! This Week Only →
What Is The Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser?
$171,000 Raised In 8 Years
2018 Goal: $45,000
New Big Bear: Tashmoo
Teddies Around Town
Teddy Bear Trot 5K
Holiday Raffle
H2K Childhood Hunger Program
Teddy Bear Suite Events & Hours
Social Media Photo Feed
The Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser Passes A Record $45,000 January 8, 2019
The Winners of Teddies Around Town – The Newest Addition to The Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser January 5, 2019
Why Healthy Happy Kids Matters So Much For The Kids Of Martha's Vineyard. Doing Our Part With Your Help to Address Food Scarcity December 28, 2018
MVY Radio Spotlights Teddies Around Town And The Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser December 23, 2018
How You Can Win With Teddies Around Town – Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser December 19, 2018
Copyright © 2019 Martha's Vineyard Teddy Bear Suite Fundraiser


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Heinz Weisenbach (* 30. August 1945 in Füssen; † 9. Dezember 2018 ebenda) war ein deutscher Eishockeyspieler und -trainer, der von 1964 bis 1975 für den EV Füssen in der Eishockey-Bundesliga spielte und der als Trainer maßgeblichen Anteil daran hatte, dass zahlreiche Deutschkanadier in die Bundesliga kamen.

Karriere
Wenn man in der Nachkriegszeit in Füssen geboren wurde und sportlich talentiert war, kam man kaum um eine Eishockeykarriere herum. So war dies auch bei Heinz Weisenbach. Schon in der Schule wurden die Talente gesucht und er fiel auf. Er durchlief sämtliche Nachwuchs-Nationalmannschaften und startete mit 19 Jahren 1964 mit dem EV Füssen in der Bundesliga. Dort gewann er gleich in seiner ersten Saison die deutsche Meisterschaft. Sein erstes Turnier mit der deutschen Nationalmannschaft spielte er bei der B-WM 1966 in Laibach, bei der der Aufstieg in die A-Gruppe geschafft wurde. Im nächsten Jahr nahm er auch an der A-WM in Wien teil. 1968 gewann er mit dem EV Füssen seine zweite Meisterschaft, mit der Nationalmannschaft nahm er an den Olympischen Spielen in Grenoble teil. Danach setzte ihn ein Lungenriss außer Gefecht und er suchte nach Luftveränderung in Südafrika. Dort spielte er acht Monate Eishockey, unter anderem mit dem Mannheimer Peter Rohde. Zurück in Füssen folgten die Meisterschaften 1971 und 1973 und die Teilnahme an der WM 1971.

In der Bundesliga brachte er es auf 322 Spiele mit 89 Toren. Für Deutschland spielte er 36 Mal und ist zweimal als Torschütze verzeichnet.

Nach seiner aktiven Karriere betreute der gelernte Immobilien-Kaufmann den DEB-Nachwuchs für zwei Jahre, bis er 1976 den Zweitligisten Mannheimer ERC übernahm. In der zweiten Saison schaffte er den Aufstieg in die Bundesliga. Man war in Mannheim der Meinung, dass man sich kaum eine Mannschaft leisten konnte, die bundesligatauglich war. Bei der Suche nach neuen Spielern ging Weisenbach einen neuen Weg, der nachhaltige Wirkung auf das deutsche Eishockey haben sollte. Weisenbach flog nach Toronto, um in Kanada deutschstämmige Spieler zu finden, die als Deutsche in der Bundesliga spielen durften. Sechs Wochen war er in Übersee und brachte zwölf Spieler und zahlreiche Kontakte mit. Sechs der Spieler verpflichtete der MERC, darunter Harold Kreis, Manfred Wolf, Roy Roedger und Peter Ascherl. Einige andere, die er entdeckt hatte, fanden in den nächsten Jahren den Weg nach Deutschland. Spieler wie Karl Friesen, Mike Schmidt, George Fritz und Ralph Krueger verdankt das deutsche Eishockey seiner Aktion. Im zweiten Bundesligajahr wurde der Mannheimer ERC 1980 Meister. Danach verließ er Mannheim und wechselte zum Kölner EC. Es folgten Trainerstationen bei der Düsseldorfer EG, in Österreich bei VEU Feldkirch, bei seinem Heimatverein dem EV Füssen und erneut dem Mannheimer ERC in den Playoffs der Saison 1989/90.

1990 übernahm er für zwei Jahre die Vorstandschaft beim EV Füssen.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Eishockeynationalspieler (Deutschland)
Eishockeyspieler (EV Füssen)
Deutscher Meister (Eishockey)
Eishockeytrainer (VEU Feldkirch)
Eishockeytrainer (Adler Mannheim)
Eishockeytrainer (Kölner Haie)
Eishockeytrainer (Düsseldorfer EG)
Olympiateilnehmer (Deutschland)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1968
Deutscher
Geboren 1945
Gestorben 2018
Mann

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text: Could you ask him to call me? http://www.palace.se retin-a Peter Nichols's play collided the grim experience of those reaching the end of life in an NHS ward with a pastiche TV soap opera (Nurse Norton's Affair); the result, shaped and directed by Blakemore, was a sensation that won the Evening Standard Best Play award. As Blakemore records in his memoir Stage Blood: "On one side of the stage… challenges were bravely met and tragedy averted; on the other death made its random and monotonous progress through the ward… Both Peter and I began to realise that we were on to something that maybe hadn't been done on stage before." The show marked a return to the NT's popular health, after a slight dip in fortunes.


There's an art to language that a lot of people either do not know, or do not care about. Think about it! Think about the process of language acquisition by a newborn. How the infant began with mindless tataha-ing – a language of free interpretation – and then later SOMEHOW gradually able to form understandable monosyllables! The process is full of wonder, don't you think?!
I have always been very fascinated by language! My favourite subjects in school were English and Malay. Love them to pieces. But I did not like the way they were taught to me at school. So I learned them my way!
During my childhood English training, I was required – by my father – to translate one English article into Malay. Per day!
Can you imagine the frenzy lifestyle I'd led at that time? I was only eleven years old. I had to go to school – something I hated doing. And also in the afternoon, I had to attend my kelas mengaji Quran. I used to bring my homework to my Quran classes and try to finish them while waiting for my turn to recite the Quran in front of the ustazah. My hectic childhood schedule did not end there. I had to translate one article every night PLUS any leftover homework I wasn't able to get done during my Quran class.
Translating is hard work, folks! Very hard! I could never satisfy myself (or my father) of the accuracy of my translation. Accuracy is ever so elusive in the process of translating. I give you an easy example: How do you translate "You look so cool!" without confusing yourself when you have to translate "You look so hot!" Hahaha. And to make things worse, when you flip through the dictionary 'cool' and 'hot' were translated as different degree of temperature or the variation in weather! Ugh, frustrating!
See, there's no accuracy! Nothing can be exact! You grasp at shades of precision! It irritates you that you could never get it just right. But deep inside, you know, that's what makes translating so much fun…the elusive quest for precision is never ending!
And thus, it became a never ending passion for me.
How do you translate "I care nothing for the poverty of her purse, so long as her heart overflows with affluence." into Malay? Imagine what an 11 years old will have to do to translate this sentence. I had to open the dictionary and find out one-by-one the meaning of each word in that sentence. I had no idea what 'affluence' was. And the words 'so long' in that sentence confused me.
At my first attempt, I had translated that as "Saya kisah tiada apa-apa kemiskinan beg duitnya, sepanjang hatinya melimpah dengan kemewahan." (Stupid, right? My earlier effort of translation was as dreadful as the malay subtitles in a pirated English DVD, hahha! I followed too diligently the sequence of words in that sentence and I mistook the 'so long' phrase in that sentence.) Yup, I knew I did not make any sense at that time.
But I didn't care as long as I got it done and I could get it shown to my father. I just wanted to get it done so that I could go to sleep, really!
But of course, I couldn't get away with it! My father would never accept such a poor translation! And the whole article was full of stupid translation in the style of the above, I was surprised my father did not vomit out blood. Needless to say, my father was NOT amused.
After multiple attempts…I ended up translating it as "Aku tidak kisah tentang kemiskinan dompetnya, selagi mana hatinya melimpah dengan kekayaan." Well…better, right? At least, I caught some of its intended meanings….but you see, the Malay version had lost the natural elegance and the lovely grace of the original!
So as I got better at catching the general meaning of a sentence, it became a source of irritation when I could not retain the beauty of the original version! I could ponder as long as I could bear, but I could ONLY translate the 'general' meaning of a sentence (never the true, precise meaning that I understood in my heart), and even then, the beauty and the elegance were sadly lacking, if they were not lost altogether! As the months progressed, I became supremely irritated with my effort and at the end of my standard five, I was deliriously happy when my father said I could stop translating articles and focus on my UPSR next year.
I was glad to stop disappointing myself whenever I couldn't get it PRECISELY RIGHT! As a kid, I haven't studied language in depth…I thought it was something wrong with ME, and that was why I couldn't get it right.
As I learned more, I understood now that every language has its own limitation that one can never get it right! One can only play with the attempt. The Malay language has limited precision.' Love', 'adoration', 'fondness'…all of them are translated as 'sayang'. Like is translated as 'gemar'. 'Prefer 'can be translated as 'lebih gemar'. Hahaha. Yup, our words are limited.
How in God's name can you translate that pantun into English without sounding ridiculous!! Hahah. Try it! I had tried to do it in the past and I have given up! But does that mean English is inferior to Malay just because it could not properly catch the meaning of that pantun without losing its elegance and beauty? Of course, not! Malay is a Malay language with its own place for beauty and elegance; and English is an English language with its own persona for grace and splendor.
You see? Translating is a lesson in dealing with frustration!
I was glad my father taught me English and Malay that way. It gave me something to contribute to my friends.
They helped me with add Maths and Physics. I helped them with English! It was a very satisfying arrangement of quid pro quo.
The exchange was hardly fair, wasn't it? After all, Add Maths and Physics were a million times HARDER. So I believe, I got more benefit from my friends, than they ever got from me. But I always delivered my part enthusiastically. I asked them to sit next to me and then we went through each sentence of the essay as I corrected it.
I really didn't know the answer! I just knew it sounded wrong! But I had to come up with an explanation anyway, and I wasn't always successful in explaining!! THAT, was also another source of frustration.
Usually, I always tried to modify their sentences rather than giving them a new one altogether (I thought it was fair to retain their idea as much as possible), but sometimes I couldn't help myself. Sometimes the sentence just CANNOT be salvaged and it required a new one in total.
It could be a headache too.
But for a headache, it was a very enjoyable one. I enjoyed paying back their kindness towards me. I always felt like they helped me more with my Add Maths and Physics than I could ever help them with English. I was so glad I got something to give back, no matter how small.
And then I went to Newcastle. Over there, proof-reading my friends' assignment was a pastime of mine. They helped my survival in Australia; and for them I would proof-read a thousand essays and be happy about it – or die trying.
In Newcastle, I got to know a few Arabs, In fact, one Saudi girl was my housemate for awhile. I listened to a few lectures about the beauty of Arabic language – a language I have never learned while growing up. During the month of Ramadhan, I listened to the Imam (of Arab origin) CRYING while reciting the Quranic verses in Solat terawih in the Newcastle mosque.
I also felt something acutely similar to envy and jealousy towards the Arabs.
And then I realized…how much more excruciatingly difficult it would be to appreciate the Quran in all its beauty when you don't know Arabic! I thought translating English articles into Malay was hard! I thought translating Malay pantuns into English was next to impossible!
Try translating Arabic into English! I would DIE of frustration!
Did you notice that verses in the Quran rhymes? It rhymes while making sense too! How are you going to translate it, then?
Well, we have done it! We did translate the Quran into many languages. But what happens to the elegance and the beauty? What happens to the beautiful rhymes? What happens to the precision of the message?
Do you think it's easy to convey a long message and a beautiful story while making them rhyme? And usually our prophet (by Allah's leave) came up with those beautiful words on the spot, as he was answering the accusation of the pagans. It's HARDER than having a conversation in pantuns without taking five minutes to come up with an answer each time you have to reply. It's not easy! And the pagans of Makkah were stunned into silence because every time they said something, our prophet was able to reply instantly and the replies were precise and beautifully constructed EVEN when they rhymed.
When we convey to the world that "Mukjizat nabi terbesar adalah Al-Quran" we have no idea of what an immense thing we are talking about. How could we, when we do not know Arabic? The translation helps you in getting the 'general' idea of what Al-Quran wants to tell you…but if you have had experienced in translating classic literatures into another language, you will know what a huge, monstrous lost in elegance and beauty would translation render!
Try to translate Pride and Prejudice, Jane Eyre or The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, into Malay. You would think that Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte and Anne Bronte were all one and the same person; a dead bore. If you read Lagak Wasangka (the Malay translation of Pride and Prejudice), you would have NO IDEA what is the big deal with Jane Austen! You will be lost!
How is that different than reading the Quran in Malay? You will, insya Allah, get the wisdom of the teaching, but you will miss what makes it such a literary masterpiece. That's why one cannot understand the statement "Al-Quran mempunyai gaya bahasa yang tinggi' when one was understanding it in Malay.
We could never understand what is the big deal with the Quran. We could not understand why some of the Arabs during the prophet time came into Islam by listening to the Quran alone; we could not understand what happened in the heart of Saidina Umar Al Khattab (r.a) after listening to the recitation of Surah Taha just before he embraced Islam…it is something we cannot comprehend or appreciate when we don't know Arabic. Until NOW (1400 + years later) the Quran remains the standard and the benchmark by which all Arabic literature is judged.
For an ancient document, that's huge!
Our medical specialist – when I was a student – hailed from Africa, and thus he is a proficient Arabic speaker. He is a devout Christian.
"So, you don't understand what you are reading?" I could imagine his look of profound incredulity.
He showed my senior what he thought about it by the smirk on his face.
My senior, I am sure, had a lot to say.
Of course my senior just remained silent at that time. You see, at that time we haven't thought of that rebuttal yet, hahaha.
My senior went home and told us about the conversation she had with her specialist.
It was like a slap to all of us.
How could we find it satisfactory that we call ourselves as Muslims, yet our ability in Arabic only extends to 'making Arabic sounds'. (that's what reciting the Quran amounts to: us being able to pronounce 'sounds' that we know no meanings of).
It's not satisfactory! The Medical Specialist – a non-Muslim – certainly thought it's NOT satisfactory! So how could we, as Muslims be at peace when we don't know Arabic? How could we be complacent and think that it's okay that we don't know Arabic, when someone outside our religion look at us and find us lacking and wanting!
I urge the government to please make Arabic a compulsory subject to all Muslims. They have to score in this subject the way they have to score other subjects if they want to get straight A's. It has to be learned without being thought of as less important than Add Maths or Physics or Chemistry. It has to be a compulsory pass, if not a compulsory distinction!
When I told people that I want to go to Klinik Kesihatan as an MO or become a psychiatrist, they thought I was a bore or a lazy bum.
Yes, I thought any sort GP-ness was boring too when I was a student. But I have always thought that psychiatry is a very interesting field – especially if one is obsessed about stories the way I do.
I am going to use my uninterrupted weekends and my uninterrupted public holidays to do my own thing.
I want to learn Arabic! No definite plan yet regarding the how and the when, but if I could master the arabic language as my third language before I finally use my last breath to proclaim my shahadah, I would die a happy lady.


Courtney Thomsen was doing something recently that many people do: she was scrolling through her Facebook feed. Amongst the family photos and vacation pictures, something made her heart skip a beat: a sweet little fluffy face with the saddest eyes. Courtney is friends with a woman named Konnie who shared a post from the Humane Society of Southeast Texas. The post was heartbreaking: there was a dog in the shelter who was terminally ill and needed a special family to make the remainder of his life happy and comfortable. Courtney felt compelled to do something, though it probably would have been easier to just keep on scrolling.
She hated that this very sick little dog was all alone in the shelter and that he would potentially die alone. So, she picked up the phone and called the Humane Society even though it was a scary proposition. She did not know anything about the little sick dog, but she knew he was dumped at the shelter skinny and filthy. He had a laundry list of ailments and medications, but Courtney wanted to help him. So, she and her son visited the shelter and something clicked: her son thought his name should be Taco and the dog came running to him once he heard the name. Taco came home with them, but he was clearly a very nervous dog and he was hesitant to trust his new family.
Courtney was not deterred, though: she was ready to do whatever it took to help Taco out of his shell. She talked to him, cuddled him, and played with him every chance she got. A few days later, he began to smile and show excitement—and following her everywhere she went. Taco had no training (or potty training) but he quickly caught on by watching Courtney's two other dogs. Taco has heartworm disease and it is very advanced, so no one knows how much time he has left. But one thing is for certain: he will be happy and loved for whatever time he has left on Earth.


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← SLEEPER Release Day!!
Best Books of 2013 →
Counting Shadows Book Blitz
Posted on December 3, 2013 by Suzanne van Rooyen
Two hearts, one kiss…
…Nothing left.
Faye's soul-mate is everything she should hate—an Angel, an outcast, an enemy. Ashe is just one more imperfection in her life that somehow makes everything… perfect.
Until he's murdered.
With the only person she loves ripped away, Faye sets out to avenge Ashe's death. The task seems impossible, until she finds Lor—an Angel who looks nearly identical to Ashe's killer. Arrogant and hot-headed, Lor is everything Ashe wasn't. But Lor is connected to her soul-mate's past, and Faye needs him to find the killer—even if Lor is potentially deadly.
But when Faye discovers that Ashe's past isn't as black and white as she thought, she faces an impossible choice: Give up the hunt, and risk the lives of others. Or continue pursuing Ashe's murderer, and forfeit the lives of everyone in her family—including herself.
Character Interview with Faye from "Counting Shadows"
Q: You fell in love with Ashe at a very early age. How did this happen?
I'm not exactly sure. At first, I think Ashe just felt gratitude toward me for saving his life, and I was just grateful to have a friend. But that very quickly changed, and we were both in love. Maybe it was because we were both seen as outcasts, and we bonded over that. Or maybe it was just Fate that brought us together.
Q: Do you feel responsible for Ashe's death?
On one hand, I know it wasn't me who wanted him dead. But on the other hand, I just keep replaying all the things I could have done differently. Maybe if I'd found out the murder plan earlier, or ran away with him, or never even met him… I don't know. What happened has happened, and now all that matters is revenge.
Q: You want revenge for Ashe's death. Why? Wouldn't it be better to let go of the past?
Of course not. Ashe's murder isn't something I can just "let go of". The man who killed him deserves to be punished, and if no one else will do it, then I will.
Q: Your country accuses you of being a magic-user. What do you say to this?
It's ridiculous. I've never used the dark arts, and I never will. My visions of the past just come to me, and I don't know why. But it's certainly not magic. Besides, it's not like my visions hurt anyone.
Q: How do you feel about the Angels?
I loved my Ashe, but he was different from most Angels. He was kind and quiet and loving. But I've heard the stories of what real Angels are like; they're angry and deadly. I think it's a good thing the Angels were banished from our continent.
Q: What about the Fae, Dragons, and all the other species who still live on your continent?
I don't really know what to think of them. My country, Irrador, has banned most of their species from crossing our borders. Only humans are truly accepted here. We trade with the other species and try to keep peace between our countries, but I don't know much else about their kind.
Q: What will you do in order to catch Ashe's murderer?
Anything. Absolutely anything.
Q: And what will you do when you find the murderer?
I'll give him the only thing he deserves: Death.
Olivia Rivers is the author of five novels, ranging in genres from Epic Fantasy to Contemporary Romance. Along with being a writer, she's a freelance digital artist, a literary agent assistant, and a high school student. She's a nerd at heart, and is a hopeless fan-girl for Doctor Who and Pokémon. Olivia lives in California with a dog who thinks he's a cat, a cat who thinks he's a dog, and a kitten who is just generally confused.
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This entry was posted in Blog, Reading and tagged reading, romance, YA fantasy. Bookmark the permalink.


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Q: wrapping columns in the same line with inline-block or float left I have 3 columns which are equal width but sometimes I may have unequal width so I am using pixels not percents to define the width and all three columns I want in same line in any resolution but the last one goes below the line. Also the middle one has margin-left and right suppose equal to 32px.
  | first box according to this line            | last box according to this line
+-|---------------------------------------------|-+
| +-----------+   +------------+   +------------+ |
| |    312px  |   |  312px     |   |   312px    | |
| +-----------+   +------------+   +------------+ |
+-|---------------------------------------------|-+
  +------wrapper width 1001 pixels--------------+
|                                                 |
+-----------outer width 1100 pixels---------------+

How to implement to get this? What method should I use for best practice float or inline-block?
See this Demo Please read texts in JavaScript code console.

A: use inline-block
div.demo
{
  display:inline-block;
 width:312px;
}

A: Used to table and table-cell properties as like this
.parent{width:1001px;display:table;}
.child{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;}

Demo

Second Option is according to Mr. @Harshit Tailor
.main{margin-top: 20px; width: 1001px;background:green; text-align:center;font-size:0;}
.incols{display:inline-block; vertical-align:top;text-align:left; width: 308px;font-size:14px; border: 2px solid red;
box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;
}
.two{margin: 0 32px;}

Demo2

A: Have the child divs in one parent div, give the parent a width and give the parent divs widths as well that add up or are less in total than the parent and float them all left.

I am a child!

I am a child!

I am a child!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Get your day started with caffeine and a little singing.
All my designs are inspired by the things we use in our daily rituals, to stop and see the beauty in the ordinary.
Dry your precious wine glasses, using linen which is virtually lint free and is the perfect kitchen accessory that will last for many meals, many years and become a firm favourite in the kitchen.
Each tea towel is Natural unbleached 100% linen, as we work with a natural linen product there will be slight variations in colour.


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Prudnik – castle
reconstruction of the castle according to J. Serafin
The castle of Prudnik was built before 1262 on the initiative of Wok of Rosenberg, the Czech marshal of king Przemysław Ottokar II. It controlled the traffic on the trade route from Wrocław through Nysa to Opava and was the seat of a castellan in the Prudnik district and one of the fortresses defending the northern border of Moravia. Until 1337 the city was within the borders of the Czech crown. Later, lord of Prudnik land was the Bolko of Niemodlin, and then to the death of Jan the Good in 1532, Prudnik was in possession of the Piasts of Opole. The castle itself was originally owned by the knights families. After the expulsion of the Opole dynasty, the Habsburgs took it over. In 1597 the City Council of Prudnik bought the castle for the sum of 60 thousand thalers from emperor Rudolph II of Habsburg. In 1806, the castle was devastated by fire, saving only a stone tower.
The castle was built on a river slope in the western part of the Old Town, on a slight hill. It was erected on a diamond set and was surrounded by a moat. Its main element was tower located in the south-east corner, cylindrical in the lower part, higher octagonal. It was a typical stone bergfried, or tower of ultimate defense. It had thick walls of stone and an entrance placed at a height of 12,5 meters. The lower storey was used as a prison, while the higher was used as food and weapons stores. The highest storey served defensive and observation purposes. In the northern part of the building was the main house. The whole was surrounded by a peripheral wall.
Only a cylindrical tower, also known as the Woka Tower, survived from former castle. In 2009 it was renovated and upgraded. The medieval hoarding and the shingle roof were reconstructed. The tower is under the protection of the Museum of the Prudnik Land. Sightseeing is available from May 1 to September 30: Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00 to 18:00, and Tuesdays to Fridays from 10:00 to 16:00.
tower of Prudnik castle, photo Wikimedia Commons
tower of Prudnik castle
Leksykon zamków w Polsce, L.Kajzer, S.Kołodziejski, J.Salm, Warszawa 2003.


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Why Doesn't God Prove He Exists? Because It Wouldn...
Mark Feb 24 as a Key Date in the Battle for Religi...
Star Wars, SideWays, and Film as Cultural Touchstone
Exploring the Value of the Human Body
How Sci Fi Smuggles in a Godless Humanity (video)
Why Science Cannot Ground All Knowledge
The Unvarished Bias of Scientism
Quick Answers to the Charge of Bible Contradictions
Evangelism Needs to Become More Intellectual
What is Wisdom and How Can I Find It?
History is a Problem for Those Who Doubt Jesus Was...
Has Archaeology Proven the Gospel of John?
Time Is No Longer the Friend of Darwinism
Making Good Arguments for the Faith (podcast)
Trying to Become More Relevant Makes Liberal Churc...
Making the Most of your Daily Devotions (Free Bibl...
Book Review: The Fate of the Apostles by Sean McDo...
Trying to Become More Relevant Makes Liberal Churches Less Relevant
There has been a lot of noise about the rise of the Nones in the U.S. As the 2014 Religious Landscape Study reported, more people are not identifying with any organized religious. That doesn't mean they are all atheists, though. According to the Pew organization that published the study, "the majority of Americans without a religious affiliation say they believe in God. As a group, however, the 'nones' are far less religiously observant than Americans who identify with a specific faith."1 The rise of the Nones mirror the decline in mainline Protestant denominations, while religious groups such as Evangelicals are holding steady or even growing slightly. Millennials are increasingly identifying as Nones.
None of this is surprising. Millennials take an increasingly subjective view of faith claims, just as the more mainline denominations had held and taught. I believe the problem stems from the shift that occurred in the theology of mainline seminaries and churches. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainline denominations became increasingly more theologically liberal, spiritualizing what had previously been understood as objective morality and a record of historic events. This was their fatal move, as Francis Schaeffer pointed out in How Should We Then Live:
The new liberal theology, because it says that the Bible does not touch the cosmos or history, has no real basis for applying the Bible's values in a historic situation, in either morals or law. Everything religious is in the area of non-reason, and since reason has no place there, there is no room for discussion; there are only arbitrary pronouncements. Immanuel Kant could not bring together the noumenal and the phenomenal worlds, and the new theologian has no way logically to bring his personal arbitrary values into a historic situation. Or to say it another way: Sartre said that in an absurd world we can authenticate ourselves by an act of the will; but, as we saw, because reason has no place in this we can help people or hurt them. Similarly, because the pronouncements of these theologians about morals or law are arbitrary, in a different mood they, too, can be totally reversed.
The new theologians also have no way to explain why evil exists, and thus they are left with the same problem the Hindu philosophers have; that is, they must say that finally everything that is is equally in God. In Hindu thought one of the manifestations of God is Kali, a feminine representation of God with fangs and skulls hanging about her neck. Why do Hindus picture God this way? Because to them everything that exists now is a part of what has always been, a part of that which the Hindus would call "God"—and therefore cruelty is equal to non-cruelty. Modern humanistic man in both his secular and his religious forms has come to the same awful place. Both have no final way to say what is right and what is wrong, and no final way to say why one should choose non-cruelty instead of cruelty.2
Because mainline denominations abdicated an objective standard of scripture for subjective one, they lost their claim to any real knowledge about the world. The Millennials have recognized this. If there is nothing liberal theology can provide and concrete and objective, then why bother with it at all? If one teaches an olly-olly-oxen-free approach to faith, then why would anyone need to bother with the inconvenience of waling up early to drive to some church building and sit in a pew so someone else can tell them what their understanding of spirituality is? The congregant has his or her own view, which is equally true, so why not skip the whole enterprise? And that's what they've been doing.
Ironically, many mainline churches have tried to recapture the interest of the Millennial generation by showing just how progressive and accepting of all viewpoints they rare. I see banners all the time hanging from Methodist or ELCA churches proclaiming their diversity and acceptance of views that have historically been anathema in Christianity. They don't seem to realize their stance makes their church less relevant in the mind of Millennials, not more so.
1. "U.S. Public Becoming Less Religious." Pew Research Centers Religion Public Life Project RSS. Pew Research Center, 02 Nov. 2015. Web. 03 Feb. 2016. http://www.pewforum.org/2015/11/03/u-s-public-becoming-less-religious/
2 Schaeffer, Francis A. How Should We Then Live?: The Rise and Decline of Western Thought and Culture. Wheaton, Ill: Crossway, 2005. Print.177-178.
Image by Colin Babb and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.
Posted by Lenny Esposito at 1:07 PM
Labels: diversity, liberalism, relativism, theology, truth


We're already on the third feedback skill, focusing on goals.
So let's define what we mean.
In the previous lessons we looked at making feedbacks specific and behavioral.
We also emphasized impersonal feedback.
focusing only on the most important goals of the person receiving feedback.
When we talk about goals, we mean work as opposed to personal goals.
Managers usually set the goals for the employee.
These goals maybe productivity goals.
They could be interpersonal skills goals.
They might be sales goals or citizenship goals, and many more.
Some goals are more important then others to the employee.
These goals are frequently defined in the employees performance evaluation plan.
And can be linked to work rewards, such as salary and bonuses.
We're going to provide you with an example and that might help a little bit.
a zoo in New York City.
And the tiger handler's supervisor defines the following goals for the tiger handler.
Follow precautions to avoid the tiger escaping.
Measure its weight and change its diet accordingly.
Help out with penguins as necessary.
And greet zoo guests in a very friendly manner.
All of these are the tiger handler's goals.
let's take a look at how this might look.
what is the weight given to that duty in terms of linking it to a reward.
important to the tiger handler if they want to get a raise next year?
The tiger handler is going to make sure that the tiger is getting fed.
What animals will get less attention than the tiger?
because they're not very high on the reward scale.
How about preventing tiger escape?
That's also pretty high, just below feeding the tiger.
Let's put these observations together to illustrate the scale.
feedback that enables them to do a better job feeding the tiger.
count a lot towards the his or her ability to get a raise.
the most on the one or two behaviors that make the most difference to the employee.
makes employees defensive and creates stress for them.
Focussing on the employee's goals.
Will help the message get through.
The research is clear on this point.
not attend to feedback unrelated to their most important goals.
disappointment if you follow this approach.
the behavior related to these goals.
two or three, may help build success in other areas.
Avoid the temptation and the temptation is very clear you want to fix it all.
Speaking of which it's often the case.
is related to poor performance in another area.
because they need development in a particular, underlying trait.
Conscientiousness is grounded in hard work and an achievement orientation.
this situation is the look up into the night sky.
You may pick up the glow of a star.
In this star mixup, a constellation called the Big Dipper.
Behavior is also like this.
They follow patterns and have common characteristics.
Constellations and patterns of behavior, either good or bad.
what will help them succeed.
they are also deficient in others as well.
Focus on one and then let success breed success.
Let's go ahead and practice a little bit.
clothing before they are eligible for a bonus.
The bonus is the largest part of their compensation.
In their performance review you give them some advice.
I'll show you that advice in a moment.
And your job is to use this advice to help them.
which should be saved for another time?
Take a look and think about it.
There you go, it's A.
help them meet their bonus goals.
any help you can provide them will be what they pay attention to.
that feedback that relates to their most important goals.
When giving feedback, focus and you'll be more successful.
That concludes our third skill, keeping your feedback goal-oriented.


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The Prespes Agreement
THE MACEDONIAN LEAGUE'S POLICY & POSITION ON THE PRESPES AGREEMENT
The Prespes Agreement [EN] [GR] is an agreement reached on 12 June 2018 between Greece and the then "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)" [or simply as Skopje in common Greek parlance], under the United Nations' auspices, resolving a long-standing dispute over the latter's name.
The Prespes Agreement was signed in Psarades, a tiny village in the Prespes lake district, Greece where it took its name and was ratified by the parliaments of both countries. It came into force on 12 February 2019 when the states notified the UN of the deal's completion, following ratification of the NATO accession protocol for North Macedonia on 8 February. It replaces the Interim Accord of 1995 (Prespes, Article 1.1) between both countries and sees the country's constitutional name, then "Republic of Macedonia", changed to "Republic of North Macedonia" erga omnes (Prespes, Article 1.3a), that is, domestically, in all bilateral relations and in all regional and international organizations and institutions.
It is an agreement between two independent and equal countries, not between two ethnicities. It is precisely how one should and must understand it. The Prespes agreement cannot be superseded by any other agreements or treaties nor revoked, and its provisions are legally binding for both parties in terms of international law and will remain in force indefinitely (Press Release UNSG, Feb 13, 2019; Syrigos, 2019; Templar, 2019).
[SKOPJE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS]
The Macedonian League will document and inform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Hellenic Republic of all breaches of the Prespes Agreement internationally that may take place by members of Skopje's political establishment on foreign soil. Such a watch includes, but not limited to visiting politicians, Ambassadors and Consuls General of Skopje abroad, Consular staff of Skopje abroad, and other high ranking officials and heads of organizations from Skopje, including the clergy .
[FOREIGN 'OTHER THAN SKOPJE' GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS]
The Macedonian League will document and inform foreign Ministries of Foreign Affairs, provincial and state governments and civic councils of all provocative positions that may take place by other than Skopje foreign politicians while visiting and engaging with the Skopje Slav diaspora organizations. Such provocations will be viewed as emboldening and encouraging breaches of the Prespes Agreement, including knowingly or unknowingly promoting false, anti-Greek positions, the purposeful opposition or downplaying of the national security of Greece and the Balkan region, and the purposeful provocation of the Greek diaspora by foreign politicians regarding the Prespes Agreement.
[MONITORING AND DOCUMENTING EFFORTS]
The creation of a specific monitoring unit within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Hellenic Republic and the education of foreign politicians
Petitioning the Greek government for the creation of a special section either by itself or within the Department A3 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs dealing with monitoring and documenting breaches of the Prespes Agreement from within Skopje and the Skopje Slav diaspora;
Educating foreign politicians on the contents of the Prespes Agreement, it's importance on Greek national security and breaches that could occur.
Expansionist maps and usurped Greek historical symbols displayed within the Skopje Slav cultural centers abroad
Petitioning foreign governments for the removal and permanent banning of the map of "Greater Macedonia" from all Skopje Slav cultural centers internationally (a.k.a. the map of "United Macedonia"), typically seen hung on the walls within the community's cultural centers. This map is a nationalist, and later fascist concept initially based on Bulgarian territorial expansion in the 19th century as the Ottoman Empire was collapsing and resurrected twice in the 20th century: first, during the Bulgarian and Nazi alliance in the Second World War where Bulgaria was aiming for territorial expansion south into Greece and west to the Albanian border. The map was subsequently reproduced again in 1991 by the nationalist VMRO-DMPNE political party of Skopje. The offensive map includes territories of Greece, Albania, Serbia, and Bulgaria under the control of Skopje and is often promoted under the guise of "historical lands of ethnic Macedonians" to avoid scrutiny from governments abroad;
Petitioning foreign governments to remove and permanently ban the use of the red flag featuring the Panhellenic Sun (i.e. the Vergina Sun) which is typically displayed in the Slav community's cultural centers internationally. Use of this flag is based on the expansionist ideology of the nationalist VMRO-DPMNE's anti-Greek positions and the usurpation of Greek history, figures, and symbols;
Monitoring the Skopje Slav political, cultural, educational and media organizations abroad
Monitoring the positions, decisions and press releases of the Skopje Slav diaspora organizations abroad when it relates to propaganda and issues about Greece, Greeks, and the Greek diaspora;
Monitoring educational lectures of the Skopje Slav diaspora;
Following the media and social media of the Skopje Slav diaspora organizations and documenting all anti-Hellenic positions and rhetoric;
["NORTH MACEDONIA" TERMINOLOGY]
The Macedonian League's position and usage of the term: "North Macedonia"
Position on the recognition of the term "North Macedonia": The Macedonian League does not recognize the term "North Macedonia";
"North Macedonia" term usage by the Macedonian League as of February 12, 2019: Since the ratification of the Prespes Agreement in February, on news articles originally published by Greek or foreign media that use the term "North Macedonia" and which are republished on the website and social media of the Macedonian League [articles] will feature at the top of the post in question on our website a disclaimer as follows: [DISCLAIMER: The Macedonian League does not recognize the term North Macedonia as stated in some articles];
"North Macedonia" term usage by the Macedonian League as of April 28, 2019: In addition to the disclaimer as mentioned in Point 2 above, the Macedonian League will also add the Latin adverb [sic] in brackets after the term "North Macedonia" written as "North Macedonia [sic]" to signify that we do not agree with the term as written by the original authors of the Greek or foreign media that originally published said article. Further, the Macedonian League will also add a "republished from" indicator below the disclaimer with a direct link to the original;
Articles, papers, and documents published by the Macedonian League: The Macedonian League in its own published material where the author is a team member of the Macedonian League, the republic north of Greece will be referred to in common Greek parlance as Skopje, Skopjean Republic, Republic of Skopje, Southern Slav Republic or other common derivative used by Greeks since the late 1800's. In certain cases where the Macedonian League as the author is describing something specific about the Prespes Agreement centering on the term "North Macedonia" (i.e. in an analysis) no additional disclaimer will be made.
TIMELINE OF THE MACEDONIA QUESTION LEADING TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESPES AGREEMENT
1865: Intellectuals participating in a convention in Belgrade envisioned the Balkan Federation in a politically socialist basis, not in a religious sense as Rhigas Pheraios had done many years before.
1876: The 1876-1877 Constantinople Conference of the Great Powers (Britain, Russia, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) was held in Constantinople (now Istanbul) from 23 December 1876 until 20 January 1877. Following the beginning of the Herzegovinian Uprising in 1875 and the April Uprising in April 1876, the Great Powers agreed on a project for political reforms both in Bosnia and in the Ottoman territories with a majority Bulgarian population (Great Britain Foreign Office, 1877).
1878: From 13 June to 13 July, Russian diplomacy fails to establish a dominant satellite state in the southern Balkans at the Council of Berlin. In the Balkans, the antagonism between Serbia and Bulgaria compelled the earlier to expand south after 1878 and the latter to envision its expansion west (Templar, 2018).
1893: The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (VMRO / Eng: IMRO) was founded in Thessaloniki, Ottoman Empire. It was a Bulgarian revolutionary national liberation movement within Macedonia (in the Ottoman territories of Europe), that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Biondich, 2011).
1900: Bulgaria promotes the expansionist map of "Macedonia" (a.k.a. "Greater Macedonia") designed by Bulgarian "ethnographer" Vasil Kŭnchov to serve the hegemonic interests of the Bulgarian Principality as the basis for its later independence by displaying almost all the population living within the territory of what he considered to be Macedonia, Bulgarians. Bulgaria's definition of Macedonia included all lands of the area of the Pirin Mountain, the region of South Serbia (contemporary FYROM) and the entire Greek region of Macedonia. Some Bulgarian ultra-nationalists even included the Serbian Šumadija.
1903: The Macedonian Committee (a.k.a. the Hellenic Macedonian Committee) was formed in Athens, Greece, to counter VMRO activities and to strengthen Greek efforts for Macedonia under the leadership of wealthy publisher Dimitrios Kalapothakis; its members included Ion Dragoumis and Pavlos Melas. Its fighters were known as Makedonomachoi ("Macedonian fighters").
1903: Krste Petkov Misirkov, a Bulgarian socialist, born in the region of Greek Macedonia published a book in Sofia, Bulgaria, titled On Macedonian Matters. In this book, Misirkov referred the Slav population of Macedonia as Macedonian Slavs or Macedonians explaining on page 159 that the term was regional, not ethnic (Templar, 2018).
1904-1908: The Greek Struggle in Macedonia (a.k.a. The Macedonian Struggle) was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts between Greek and Bulgarian subjects living in Ottoman Macedonia from as early as 1893 to 1908 (the Greeks entered the battle in 1904). The dispute was part of a wider rebel war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians, and Serbs all fought over Macedonia. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand, but the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 ended the conflict.
1912-1913: The Balkan Wars consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula from 8 October 1912 to 18 July 1913. Four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro) defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war. The primary victor of the four, Bulgaria, fought and pushed back all four original combatants of the first war along with halting a surprise attack from Romania from the north in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, became relatively weaker as a much-enlarged Serbia pushed for the union of the South Slavic peoples (Clark, 2013).
1913: On the 10th of August, the Treaty of Bucharest is signed. The treaty's function was to set Bulgaria's borders in relation to her neighbors.
1914: Immediately after the division of the Ottoman vilayets of Selanik and Manastir, the Greek government established the "General Administration of Macedonia" for its part of Macedonia, officially recognizing and utilizing the term 'Macedonia' first after the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1917: The new Russian-led government realized that to spread communist ideology and encroach as many lands as possible for the benefit of the USSR; the state had to continue the foreign policies of Imperial Russia. Such a foreign policy for the south Balkans meant that the national interests of Bulgaria were identical with national interests of the USSR. The goal of the USSR was the establishment of a Greater Bulgaria, and if the plan failed due to external pressure, to create a new state that would serve the national interests of both Bulgaria and the USSR (Templar, 2018).
1919: On the 4th of March, the Central Committee of the USSR created a body that would concentrate on spreading communist ideology worldwide through a series of propaganda and indoctrination. This would include an effort to solve the Macedonian national question which had haunted the new state vis-a-vis the Marxist ideology.
1924: From 17 June to 8 July, during the Fifth World Congress, the Comintern issued a lengthy resolution titled "III Communist International, Fifth Congress - June 17 - July 8, 1924 "Resolution on National Question in Central Europe and Balkans." In the first section under the title "Macedonian and Thracian Questions," the resolution declared the establishment of the "Balkan Federation" to be created regarding Macedonia from territories from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), Bulgaria and Greece. Regarding Thrace, the resolution called for the secession of Thrace from Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. Both, Macedonia and Thrace, would be included in the "Balkan Federation."
1934: On the 11th of January, the Comintern Resolution of 1934 was drafted in Moscow under the title "The Macedonian Question and the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - United (IMRO-U)." Its purpose was the reinforcement of the previous resolution (1924) while section I recognized the Macedonian nation not as a community of descent, but as a political entity or a country per glossary of the Comintern.
1944: On the 2nd of August, the first "Macedonian" state within Yugoslavia was formally proclaimed under the name "Democratic Federal Macedonia" (Cvetkovski, 1998) at the First Plenary Session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) during the National Liberation War of Macedonia in World War II. It was set up on 2 August 1944 in the Bulgarian occupation zone in Yugoslavia (Bechev, 2009).
1944: On the 8th of September, a month after the 2 August 1944 proclamation of the "Democratic Federal Macedonia", Nazi Germany briefly sought to establish an "Independent State of Macedonia", a puppet state in the territory of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that had been occupied by the Kingdom of Bulgaria following the invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 (Tomasevich, 2001). This puppet state was short lived and was disestablished in November of 1944.
1946: The Greek Civil War was the third civil war (the first two civil wars were fought during the revolution against the Ottomans), was fought from 1946 to 1949 between the armed forces of the legal government and the "Democratic Army of Greece (DSE or ΕΛΑΣ). While the UK and the United States backed the earlier, the People's Federative Republic of Yugoslavia backed the latter. Arguably one could consider the war as the first proxy war of the Cold War. Stalin's USSR was against the insurrection as hopeless. One of the main Greek Communist goals was for the incorporation of the region of Macedonia into Yugoslavia according to the decision of notorious 5th Plenum of 30-31 January 1949. The civil war ended in the defeat of the DSE by the Hellenic Army. Stalin was adamant against the uprising in Greece (Djilas, 1962).
1948: On 7 March 1948, the "Interim Democratic Government" announced its decision to enact the «παιδομάζωμα» sending abducted children to the 'Informbiro' countries which excluded the USSR due to the dispute of Tito with Stalin.
The organization of the missions had begun several weeks earlier, following a decision by the KKE. According to the party newspaper "Εξόρμηση»," "from mid-February to 5 March, the parents of 59 villages "gave" 4,784 children". A total of several thousand children 5 to 13 of age (20 - 25 thousand, depending on the sources) were transported by the Democratic Army in the People's Republics in 1948 and 1949.
The "exchange" of Greek refugee children was supposed to serve as an additional instrument for the political reconciliation of Yugoslavia and the East European countries (Ristović, 1998).
1949: In July, Yugoslavia closed its borders and its support to the communist army of Greece. On the 18th of November, the UN General assembly passed a unanimous resolution (UN Resolution 288) condemning the kidnapping of the 30,000 Greek children by the Communists of Greece, demanding their return. This and subsequent UN resolutions were not answered.
1950 – 1990: In November 1950 Greece normalized its diplomatic relations with Marxist Yugoslavia. The latter despite the normalization of relations, refused to recognize the existing international borders with Greece; all this, despite Tito's visit to Greece and visits (four times) of PM / Pres. Karamanlis to Yugoslavia.
1950: No kidnapping was reported in 1950 bringing the total kidnapped children to 29,877.
1953: 5 March 1953, Joseph Stalin dies. After Stalin's death, the normalization between Yugoslavia and the USSR took place in 1954 (Bekić, 1988).
1954: Yugoslavia under pressure from the UN and the international community returned only about 1,200 children to their parents in Greece.
1955: The first batch of transports of adults and children whose parents were already living in Tashkent took place on 28 February, 21 March, and 20 September 1955. It was part of the effort of the Yugoslav Red Cross per the directive of the UNGA to reunite them with their parents.
1990: From 20 to 22 January, the 14th and last Congress of the League of Yugoslav Communists took place; the Slovenian and the Croatian delegations left during the Congress. That move by the delegations should have been a warning to Greek politicians that something serious was going to happen.
1991: By May, despite the draconian efforts of Vasil Tupurkovski to keep the Republic together, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia was over.
1991: On the 8th of September, the previously known Socialist Republic of Macedonia declares independence as the "Republic of Macedonia." Greece objects and argues that use of the name "Macedonia" in the name of the newly independent republic implies territorial claims on its own region of Macedonia which borders the republic.
1992: On the 3rd of January, Greek President Constantine Karamanlis addresses a letter to the heads of state of the European Union (EU) on the Macedonian issue. An informal meeting between experts from Greece and the 'Republic of Macedonia' takes place in Athens. The talks end in deadlock owing to the refusal of Skopje delegates to discuss the name issue.
1992: On the 13th of April, disagreement is recorded regarding Greek reactions in case that the new state is internationally recognized as 'Macedonia'. Mitsotakis dismissed Samaras taking over the Foreign Ministry, an office that he held until 7 August 1992. Michalis Papakonstantinou became the Greek MFA on 7 August 1992 and held the office until 13 October 1993.
1993: On the 26th of January, at the directive of PM/FM Mitsotakis, the lawyer and Greek American lobbyist hired by Mitsotakis, Mike Manatos sends deceitful letter to Pres. Clinton telling him that Greece was ready to compromise (Spirou, 2004). That happened without giving Clinton a chance to check into the matter. At that time, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece was Michalis Papakonstantinou from Kozani. It is at this point that Greece's diplomacy effectively failed on the issue.
On the same day, the Greek UN Delegation issues a memorandum rejecting the request of the FYROM for UN membership. The representatives of the EU members of the Security Council (Britain, France, and Spain) submit a plan of confidence-building measures proposing the temporary name 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia'.
Pres. Karamanlis, not knowing Mitsotakis' directive to Manatos and the Greek diaspora, and seeking a better American understanding of the Greek position addressed a letter to the newly elected U.S. President Bill Clinton. In that letter, Pres. Karamanlis claimed that heeding the Greek position was the only way to avert the spreading of the Yugoslav conflict southwards.
1993: On the 7th of April, after Greece's approval, the Security Council (S 817/1993) unanimously approves the accession of the new state to the UN under the provisional name 'Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia' or the FYROM (to be seated between Togo and Thailand) but without flag hoisting rights. It further considers the name dispute capable of influencing the good neighborly relations and peace in the region and invites the co-chairmen of the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) to offer their good services towards the settlement of the dispute.
1993: On the 13th of October, the People's Republic of China was the first major power to act, recognising the FYROM under its constitutional name "Republic of Macedonia."
1993: On the 16th of December, two weeks before Greece was due to take up the European Union presidency, six key EC countries - Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom – recognised the Skopje Republic under its UN designation "FYROM."
1994: On the 16th of February, the relations between Greece and Skopje had deteriorated; Greece was forced to impose a trade embargo which coincided with the 'UN embargo on Federal Republic of Yugoslavia' on its northern border.
1995: On the 13th of September, the Interim Accord is signed between Greece and Skopje which formalised bilateral relations. Under the agreement, Skopje removed the Panhellenic sun (also known as the Vergina Sun) from its flag and irredentist clauses from its constitution, and both countries committed to continuing negotiations on the naming issue under UN auspices. Indirectly but officially and permanently, Skopje receives the name "Macedonia".
2001: Stojan Andov, the Speaker of the Skopjan Sobranie or Parliament, led a Slavic parliamentary delegation to the political offices of PASOK in Athens where they discussed with Panagiotis Beglitis the possibility of a federation of Skopje with Greece in case their state be dismantled if the inhabited Albanian lands seceded. They had asked for money, books, and teachers of Greek language for their children.
2006: Since coming to power, the nationalist VMRO-DPMNE government pursued a policy of "Antiquisation" ("Antikvizatzija") as a way of putting pressure on Greece and for the purposes of domestic identity-building. As part of this policy, stations, roads and airports were renamed after Ancient Macedonian figures, and statues of Alexander the Great and Philip II of Macedon were built in several cities across the country which infuriated Greece and further soured the already fragile relationship between the two countries.
2008: On the 3rd of April, upon Greece presenting its case for non-invitation of the republic, NATO after a consensus rejected the FYROM's accession to the alliance. Mrs. Dora Bakoyanni, as the Foreign Minister of Greece, while soliciting Greek votes publicly declared that Greece was the one which vetoed the FYROM's membership to NATO. It should be noted that NATO does not employ the institution of veto which is an expressed decision in public, but the institution of consensus which is a decision taken in secret. Had she not made that statement, the FYROM would not be able to file its lawsuit in the UN's International Court of Justice. In addition, she refused to counter-sue the FYROM for its own violations of the Interim Accord, as if she wanted Greece to lose.
2008: In November, the FYROM instituted proceedings against Athens before the UN's International Court of Justice for what it described as "a flagrant violation of [Greece's] obligations under Article 11 of the Interim Accord signed by the Parties on 13 September 1995". The alleged violation was referring to Athens' blockade to the FYROM's bid for NATO membership. Although the ICJ found that "the Hellenic Republic, by objecting to the admission of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to NATO, has breached its obligation under Article 11, paragraph 1, of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995," the court did not grant FYROM's request to instruct Greece to refrain from similar actions in the future, nor has there been a change to date in the EU's stance that FYROM's accession negotiations cannot begin until the name issue is resolved.
2008: At the same year, the PM of the FYROM Gruevski declared that the issue of the name of his country will be decided by the people in a nation-wide referendum. Greece although, on the other hand, could do the same, the political elite was disinterested to offer the same to the people of Greece.
2017: After successive defeats of the nationalist VMRO-DPMNE in both the general (11 December 2016) and municipal elections (15 and 29 October 2017) of the FYROM, and the arrival to power of the pro-solution coalition led by the SDSM and the Albanian DIU, efforts for the resolution of the naming dispute gained a new momentum, with the new Prime Minister Zoran Zaev vowing his determination to resolve the decades-old dispute with Greece.
2018: On the 12th of June, Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras announced that an agreement had been reached with his counterpart in Skopje Zoran Zaev, "which covers all the preconditions set by the Greek side". The proposal would result in the constitutional name "Republic of Macedonia" being renamed the "Republic of North Macedonia", with the new name being used for all purposes (erga omnes), that is, domestically, in all bilateral relations and in all regional and international organizations and institutions.
2018: On the 17th of June, The Prespes Agreement, which replaces the Interim Accord of 1995, was signed in a high-level ceremony at the Greek border village of Psarades on Lake Prespa, by the two foreign ministers Nikola Dimitrov and Nikos Kotzias and in the presence of the respective Prime Ministers, Zoran Zaev and Alexis Tsipras.
2018: On the 30th of September, a referendum took place in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) with voters asked whether they supported EU and NATO membership by accepting the Prespes Agreement between FYROM and Greece in June 2018. The agreement aimed to settle the 27-year naming dispute, which had prevented the FYROM from joining both the European Union and NATO. Despite 94% of voters voting in favour, voter turnout was less than the 50 percent threshold required to validate the results.
2018: On the 1st of November, Greece resumed air travel to Skopje for the first time in 12 years. The first flight was an Olympic Air flight from Athens to Skopje, which included Skopje's deputy prime minister Bujar Osmani, who was returning from talks in Greece.
2019: On the 11th of January, Skopje's Parliament completed the legal implementation of the Prespes Agreement by approving the constitutional changes for renaming the country to "North Macedonia" with a two-thirds parliamentary majority (81 MPs).
2019: On the 25th of January, Greece's Parliament approved the Prespes Agreement with 153 votes in favor and 146 votes against.
2019: On the 12th of February, the Prespes Agreement entered into force between Greece and Skopje. (Note: The Greek and Skopje diasporas are not obliged to recognize the name "North Macedonia" under the Agreement). Article 3.1 of the Prespes Agreement recognizes the present international borders between the two countries.
OVERVIEW OF THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION LEADING TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESPES AGREEMENT
The Macedonian Question is the issue that was created in the south-central Balkans immediately after the Council of Berlin in 1878 between the countries of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian Question was a separate subject within the general Eastern Question, which seemed to have ended with the end of the First World War.
The Macedonian Question, initially involved Greece, Bulgaria, and, to a lesser extent, Serbia in a conflict over which state would be able to impose its own national identity on the ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse population of the region traditionally called Macedonia. In that way, each state attempted to gain possession of the territory of Macedonia itself.
The question reappeared on the international arena again by the Comintern in 1924 and 1934, as the latter tried to address the National Question, a subject of great importance to the spread and rule of the communists involving again, Greece, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia from the Second World War in 1944 to the Greek Civil War period of 1946-1949. With the collapse of Yugoslavia, the issue reignited in 1991 between Greece and Skopje (i.e. the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia – FYROM) concerning the name of the latter, upon the republic's declaration of independence.
By the end of the 19th century, when the Ottoman Empire began to show signs of decline, Greek, Serbian, Bulgarian, Montenegrin, and Romanian nationalism had awoken. This resulted in the creation of new nation states in the European territory of the Ottoman Empire. The main means of expanding the territories of the newly established Balkan states was through irredentist policies, namely the demand for population groups living in the remaining Ottoman areas to integrate with each group's motherland.
An important milestone in the history of the region was the creation in 1893 of the Bulgarian secret organization VMRO or IMRO (i.e. the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization) in Thessaloniki, Ottoman Empire. The aim and purpose of the organization was the liberation of Macedonia from the Turks, with the misleading regional motto "Macedonia for the Macedonians", and to ensure the preservation of the Bulgarian national identity and interests in the Ottoman areas. The creation of the VMRO resulted in the creation of the Greek Macedonian Committee in 1903 in order to counter VMRO activities and to strengthen Greek efforts for Macedonia during the Greek Struggle of Macedonia 1904-1908.
In 1912-1913, the Balkan Wars were fought and the four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro) defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war. The main victor of the four, Bulgaria, not satisfied, fought and pushed back all four original combatants of the first war along with halting a surprise attack from Romania from the north in the second war. On the 10th of August 1913, the Treaty of Bucharest was signed and Bulgaria's borders are set with her neighbors.
To counter the popularity of the retreating Bulgarian army, the first "Macedonian" state within Yugoslavia was formally proclaimed under the name "Democratic Federal Macedonia" on the 2nd of August 1944 at the First Plenary Session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM). This took place during the National Liberation War of Macedonia [sic] in World War II. This proclamation, therefore, implements the Comintern Resolutions of 1924 and 1934. By the 11th of June 1945 the Yugoslav Communists cultivated the propaganda and indoctrination theory that "ethnic Macedonians" are living under Greek occupation in what they dubbed "Aegean Macedonia". (Note that Greece does not recognize the term "Aegean" to describe the province of Macedonia). On the 4th of July 1945, Greek journalist Theophylaktos Papakonstantinou issued the first Greek media rebuttal regarding the Yugoslav Communist theory of the supposedly oppressed ethnic minority.
Following the break-up of Yugoslavia, all the former Yugoslav republics began to declare their independence and on the 6th of September 1991, Skopje declared independence as the "Republic of Macedonia." This declaration created tension between Greece and the newly independent republic which was eventually admitted in the United Nations in 1993 under the provisional name "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (i.e. FYROM)."
After years of negotiations, on the 17th of June 2018, "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)" agreed to change its constitutional name by signing the Prespes Agreement, effectively changing the republic's name to "North Macedonia." The Prespes Agreement does not apply to the Greek and Skopje diasporas who are exempt from implementing the agreement abroad. Average Greek citizens or the Greek media are also not obliged to change the way they refer to the northern republic in their speech or otherwise.
To learn more about the Macedonia Question and the Prespes Agreement:
Refer to Marcus A. Templar's research documents here; The Macedonian League's resources page here;
Last update: July 7, 2019
(c) 2014-2019 The Macedonian League


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Q: Property of a Noetherian ring: How come $P \setminus P^2$ is non-empty? ($P$ is a prime ideal) Let $A$ be a Noetherian ring, and let $P$ be a prime ideal. How come we know that $P \setminus P^2$ is non-empty? Thank you!

A: You can't, without the stronger hypothesis that $A$ is also a connected ring, i.e. a ring which has no nontrivial idempotents. For any Noetherian ring $A$ and ideal $I \subseteq A$, $I^{2} = I$ if and only if $I$ is a principal ideal generated by an idempotent. This is a consequence of Nakayama's lemma, and has been covered before on this site: see Georges Elencwajg's excellent answer here, for instance. If you assume $A$ is connected, this proves your claim, provided you add the extra hypothesis that $P$ is a nonzero prime ideal.
For an explicit counterexample when $A$ is not connected, take $A = \mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}, P = \langle [3]_{6} \rangle$. $A$ is obviously Noetherian, and it is not hard to see that $P$ is indeed a prime ideal of $A$, as $A/P \cong \mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z}$. But $P$ is generated by an idempotent element of $A$, so it is clear that $P^{2} = P$.


Summer is a tough time of year for your skin with the sun damage, the bloat-inducing humidity and the inevitable lack of sleep due to endless warm-weather evening activities — but lathering on exfoliator and SPF 50 isn't the only way to protect yourself. Yes, safeguarding your face is ultra important (with sunscreen and with one of these super-chic hats), but having gorgeous skin isn't just about what you put on it, it's about what you put in it, too.
Certain drinks, just like certain foods, can have harmful effects on your skin. Ingredients to watch out for? Caffeine, sugar, and salt. These additives can dehydrate you and make you bloated, keeping you from looking like your fabulous self. After all, who wants to look puffy and wrinkled on top of their hard earned summer glow? Yeah, not me. Luckily, there are proven "good for you" drinks that flush out your body from these harmful substances as well as the toxins they cause — and most of them actually taste good.
This season, do your body, and your face, a favor: Forego your poolside margarita and pre-game energy drink for a bottle of water and a glass of red wine. Your pores will thank you later.
I know you've heard it a million times before, but that's only because it's true: If you want to have good skin, you've gotta drink water. Considering all of the drinks that are bad for you dehydrate you, it makes sense that you need to consume something that does the opposite (aka hydrates you) to undo the damage. When skin is dried out, the pores contract and are unable to release the naturally secreted oils that keep you looking fresh. Plus, water flushes out your body rids your skin of all those nasty toxins you're always hearing about. Pop in a lemon for the best detoxifying results.
OK, fine: alcohol in general is bad for your skin. But there is some amazing news — it looks like there was some truth to the old theory that a glass of red wine a day will keep you looking and feeling young. Certain antioxidants in red wine help protect against oxidative reactions, which come from sun exposure, and can cause sunburns, wrinkles and even skin cancer. I guess Olivia Pope is onto something.
I don't mean the bottled, sugary kind that are best suited for chasing vodka shots — I'm talking about the real, fresh-off-the-stalk-and-into-the-blender, thing. As unappetizing as they look, green juices have powerful detoxifying elements that are great for your body, and especially for your skin. Adding ginger is a great way to reduce inflammation, and parsley helps with skin elasticity.
Though caffeine in general tends to be bad for your skin, green tea is a good alternative for anyone who can't quite kick the habit. It's less dehydrating than coffee, and is a helpful way to get your recommended daily amount of water. Drinking it is great, but rubbing it all over your face can work too!
There's a reason why you wake up dying for water after a night of partying: Alcohol dehydrates you, and therefore dries out your skin. Anything with added sugar or salt is the absolute worst thing you can drink if you're trying to look good (read: not like a swollen shell of a human being) the next day — the sugar worsens your hangover, and the salt makes you bloated. Your best bet is to stick with clear shots, like vodka, gin or tequila (at least for the good of your skin — I can't make any promises about your behavior) and have a glass of water with every drink.
Despite how good Beyoncé and Taylor Swift look trying to sell you on drinking Pepsi (I, for one, am a Diet Coke girl) the fact of the matter is, the stuff is terrible for your skin. The sugar in soda — even when its diet — messes with your skin cell functions which can prematurely age you, which is something no one wants. Plus, like all of these other bad-for-you drinks, the sugar in soda can dehydrate you and make your fave look wrinkly and dull (yikes!). Try sparkling water instead, or one of these less damaging alternatives .
Energy drinks may give you a little boost, but they also may give you a dry T-Zone and adult acne. The high amounts of caffeine and sugar in energy drinks can lead to fine lines and wrinkles, which like soda causes premature aging in your skin. Skip the sugar high in favor of a better for you alternative.


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Yosemite Valley (Yosemite, Miwok for "killer") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mariposa County, California, United States. It consists of the developed area of Yosemite Village and the other areas of the Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park. The population was 337 at the 2020 census.

Situated along the north side of the valley floor, its permanent population includes staff of the National Park Service, which administers the park, and some concession workers associated with various contracts in the park.

The village has some public facilities, such as a fire station, a post office (ZIP Code 95389), a medical clinic, a convenience store, restaurants, gift shops, and a school (kindergarten through eighth grade). The park's headquarters facilities and its main visitor center are also located here.

The Yosemite Lodge is located at the west end of the village near Yosemite Falls. The Ahwahnee Hotel is a few blocks to the north. Both are operated by concessionaires under contract to the National Park Service. The architecture of Yosemite Village is characterized by shed style and makes extensive use of native woods. The earliest 20th-century buildings were designed by landscape architect Charles Punchard Jr., among others in the National Park Service.

The first US post office opened in 1869, originally named "Yo Semite". The spelling was changed to "Yosemite" in 1908 and to "Yosemite National Park" in 1922. In 1906, Major H.C. Benson was commanded to build and garrison Fort Yosemite in the valley. US Army troops were stationed at Fort Yosemite until 1916, when the National Park Service was established to administer Yosemite and other national parks.

Curry Village is one of the lodging options in the area.

Geography
Yosemite Valley is located at  (37.743324, -119.575724).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of , of which , or 2.88% are water. The Merced River flows westward through the center of the CDP.

Climate

Demographics

2010
At the 2010 census Yosemite Valley had a population of 1,035. The population density was . The racial makeup of Yosemite Valley was 831 (80.3%) White, 28 (2.7%) African American, 31 (3.0%) Native American, 31 (3.0%) Asian, 7 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 70 (6.8%) from other races, and 37 (3.6%) from two or more races.  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 123 people (11.9%).

The census reported that 511 people (49.4% of the population) lived in households, 524 (50.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized.

There were 282 households, 44 (15.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 74 (26.2%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6 (2.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 6 (2.1%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 21 (7.4%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (1.1%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 127 households (45.0%) were one person and 12 (4.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.81.  There were 86 families (30.5% of households); the average family size was 2.84.

The age distribution was 81 people (7.8%) under the age of 18, 140 people (13.5%) aged 18 to 24, 413 people (39.9%) aged 25 to 44, 378 people (36.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 23 people (2.2%) who were 65 or older.  The median age was 37.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 148.8 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 157.1 males.

There were 323 housing units at an average density of 152.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 2 (0.7%) were owner-occupied and 280 (99.3%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.8%.  3 people (0.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 508 people (49.1%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
At the 2000 census there were 265 people, 104 households, and 50 families residing in the community.  The population density was .  There were 123 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the community was 87.92% White, 0.75% African American, 2.26% Native American, 1.13% Asian, 4.91% from other races, and 3.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.09%.

Of the 104 households, 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.0% were non-families. 44.2% of households were one person, and 1.0% were one person aged 65 or older.  The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the community the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 50.9% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 1.9% 65 or older.  The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 173.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 178.9 males.

The median household income was $58,393 and the median family income was $61,750. Males had a median income of $48,542 versus $24,524 for females. The per capita income for the community was $28,414.  None of the population or families were below the poverty line.

Government
In the California State Legislature, Yosemite Valley is in , and .

In the United States House of Representatives, Yosemite Valley is in .

References

External links

Census-designated places in Mariposa County, California
Yosemite National Park
Populated places in the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Census-designated places in California