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Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
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Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont who was uncredited in the English version but credited in the French version,[6] and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau.[7] Beauty and the Beast focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson),[8] a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants into household objects as punishment for his arrogance, and Belle (voice of Paige O'Hara),[8] a young woman whom he imprisons in his castle. To become a prince again, Beast must learn to love Belle and earn her love in return before the last petal from the enchanted rose that the enchantress who cursed the Beast had offered falls, or else the Beast will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, and Angela Lansbury.[8]
Walt Disney first attempted unsuccessfully to adapt Beauty and the Beast into an animated film during the 1930s and 1950s. Following the success of The Little Mermaid (1989), Walt Disney Pictures decided to adapt the fairy tale, which Richard Purdum originally conceived as a non-musical. Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg eventually dismissed Purdum's idea and ordered that the film be a musical similar to The Little Mermaid instead. The film was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, with a screenplay by Linda Woolverton story first credited to Roger Allers.[8] Lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken wrote the film's songs. Ashman, who additionally served as the film's executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications eight months before the film's release, and the film is thus dedicated to his memory.
Beauty and the Beast premiered as an unfinished film at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991, followed by its theatrical release as a completed film at the El Capitan Theatre on November 13. The film was a box office success, grossing $425 million worldwide on a $25 million budget. Beauty and the Beast won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film to ever win that category. It also became the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 64th Academy Awards, where it won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song and received additional nominations for Best Original Song and Best Sound. In April 1994, Beauty and the Beast became Disney's first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical. The success of the film spawned two direct-to-video follow-ups: Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997) and Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World (1998), both of which take place in the timeline of the original. This was followed by a spin-off television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle.
An IMAX version of the film was released in 2002, and included "Human Again", a new five-minute musical sequence that was previously included in the 1994 musical. That same year, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". After the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, the film was reissued in 3D in 2012.[9] A live-action adaptation of the film directed by Bill Condon was released on March 17, 2017.
3.1 Early versions
3.2 Script rewrite and musicalization
3.3 Casting and recording
3.4 Animation
3.5 Music
4.1 Re-issues
4.2 Home media
5 Reception and legacy
5.1 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 Adaptations
6.1 Broadway musical
6.2 Live-action film
7 Merchandise
7.1 Video games
One winter's night, an enchantress disguised as a beggar offers a cold-hearted prince a rose in exchange for shelter. When he refuses, she transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects. She bestows the Beast with a magic mirror before hexing the rose and warning him that, unless he learns to love another and earns their love in return by the time the last petal falls, he and his servants will lose their humanity forever.
Years later, a beautiful young woman named Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston, a handsome, narcissistic and arrogant hunter. Lost in the forest while traveling to a fair to present his latest invention, Belle's father Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast's castle. While the castle's servants are sympathetic and welcoming of Maurice, the Beast discovers and imprisons him. Belle ventures out in search for him and finds him locked in the castle's tower. Belle offers to replace her father as the Beast's prisoner, and the Beast accepts. The Beast takes Maurice outside to the horseless carriage.
Befriending the castle's servants, Belle is treated to a spectacular dinner. When she wanders into the forbidden West Wing where the rose is kept, the Beast flies into a rage, causing Belle to flee the castle and into the woods. She is attacked by wolves, but the Beast rescues Belle and gets injured in the process. He begins to develop feelings for her while she nurses his wounds and he delights her by showing his extensive library.
Returning to the village, Maurice tells the townsfolk of Belle's predicament, but no one believes him. Gaston then bribes Monsieur D'Arque, the warden of the town's insane asylum to have Maurice locked up if Belle refuses to marry Gaston.
After sharing a romantic dance with the Beast, Belle mentions that she misses her father. The Beast lets her use his magic mirror to check on her father, and she discovers him lying sick in the woods while attempting to rescue her. The Beast releases her to save Maurice, giving her the mirror to remember him with. Belle rescues Maurice and brings him back to the village where she nurses him back to health. Suddenly, an angry mob led by Gaston comes to Belle's house and tries to take Maurice away, believing his claims of the Beast prove that he is insane. Gaston tries to force Belle to marry him in exchange for her father's release, but she refuses. Belle then proves Maurice's sanity by revealing the Beast to the townsfolk using the magic mirror. Belle angrily confronts Gaston that he is a monster and the Beast is not, which enrages Gaston. Realizing that Belle loves the Beast, Gaston has her thrown into the basement with her father and rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to kill the Beast. With the aid of talking teacup Chip, who had stowed away in Belle's bag, Maurice and Belle escape and rush back to the castle.
The Beast's servants manage to drive the invading villagers out of the castle. Gaston sneaks away to attack the Beast in his tower. The Beast is too depressed to fight back, but regains his will upon seeing Belle return. He overpowers Gaston but spares his life before reuniting with Belle. Gaston stabs the Beast from behind, but he loses his footing from the Beast's thrashing and falls to his death.[a] The Beast nearly dies from Gaston's stab before the last petal falls. When Belle tearfully professes her love to him, the curse is broken, repairing the castle and restoring the Beast's and servants' human forms. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom, where they dance happily.
Main article: List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters
Paige O'Hara as Belle[11] – A bibliophilic young woman who seeks adventure, and offers her own freedom to the Beast in return for her father's. In their effort to enhance the character from the original story, the filmmakers felt that Belle should be "unaware" of her own beauty and made her "a little odd".[12] Wise recalls casting O'Hara because of a "unique tone" she had, "a little bit of Judy Garland", after whose appearance Belle was modeled.[13] James Baxter and Mark Henn served as the supervising animators for Belle.
Robby Benson as Beast[11] – A young prince who is transformed into a beast by an enchantress as punishment for his arrogance. The animators drew him with the head structure and horns of an American bison, the arms and body of a bear, the ears of a deer, the eyebrows of a gorilla, the jaws, teeth, and mane of a lion, the tusks of a wild boar, and the legs and tail of a wolf. Chris Sanders, one of the film's storyboard artists, drafted the designs for the Beast and came up with designs based on birds, insects, and fish before coming up with something close to the final design. Glen Keane, supervising animator for the Beast, refined the design by going to the zoo and studying the animals on which the Beast was based.[10] Benson commented, "There's a rage and torment in this character I've never been asked to use before."[14] The filmmakers commented that "everybody was big fee-fi-fo-fum and gravelly" while Benson had the "big voice and the warm, accessible side" so that "you could hear the prince beneath the fur".[10]
Richard White as Gaston[11] – A vain hunter who vies for Belle's hand in marriage and is determined not to let anyone else win her heart. He serves as a foil personality to the Beast, who was once as egotistic as Gaston prior to his transformation. Gaston's supervising animator, Andreas Deja, was pressed by Jeffrey Katzenberg to make Gaston handsome in contrast to the traditional appearance of a Disney villain, an assignment he found difficult at first. In the beginning, Gaston is depicted as more of a narcissist than a villain, but later he leads all the villagers to kill the beast, enraged that Belle would love a Beast more than him.[15]
Jerry Orbach as Lumière[16] – The kind-hearted but rebellious valet of the Beast's, who has been transformed into a candlestick. He has a habit of disobeying his master's strict rules, sometimes causing tension between them, but the Beast often turns to him for advice. He is depicted as flirtatious, as he is frequently seen with the Featherduster and immediately takes a liking to Belle. A running gag throughout the movie is Lumière burning Cogsworth. Nik Ranieri served as the supervising animator for Lumière.
David Ogden Stiers as Cogsworth[17] – Majordomo, the head of the household staff and Lumière's best friend, who has been transformed into a clock. He is extremely loyal to the Beast so as to save himself and anyone else any trouble, often leading to friction between himself and Lumière. Will Finn served as the supervising animator for Cogsworth. Stiers also narrates the prologue.
Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts[18] – The castle cook, turned into a teapot, who takes a motherly attitude toward Belle. The filmmakers went through several names for Mrs. Potts, such as "Mrs. Chamomile", before Ashman suggested the use of simple and concise names for the household objects.[10] David Pruiksma served as the supervising animator for Mrs. Potts.
Bradley Pierce as Chip[19] – Mrs. Potts' son, who has been turned into a teacup. Originally intended to only have one line, the filmmakers were impressed with Pierce's performance and expanded the character's role significantly, eschewing a mute Music Box character.[10] Pruiksma also served as the supervising animator for Chip.
Rex Everhart as Maurice[11] – Belle's inventor father. The villagers see him as insane for crafting devices believed impossible to construct in reality, but his loyal daughter believes he will be famous one day. Ruben A. Aquino served as the supervising animator for Maurice.
Jesse Corti as Lefou[11] – Gaston's often abused yet loyal sidekick. Chris Wahl served as the supervising animator for Lefou.
Hal Smith as Philippe[20] – Belle's Belgian horse. Russ Edmonds served as the supervising animator for Philippe.
Jo Anne Worley as the Wardrobe[21] – The castle's authority over fashion, and a former opera singer, who has been turned into a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe was introduced by visual development person Sue C. Nichols to the then entirely male cast of servants, and was originally a more integral character named "Madame Armoire". Wardrobe is known as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" (Madame Big Mouth) in the stage adaptation of the film and is the only major enchanted object character whose human form does not appear in the film. Tony Anselmo served as the supervising animator for the Wardrobe.
Mary Kay Bergman and Kath Soucie as the Bimbettes[22] – A trio of village maidens who constantly fawn over Gaston, known as the "Silly Girls" in the stage adaptation.
Brian Cummings as the Stove[23] – The castle's chef who has been transformed into a stove. He is named Chef Bouche in 1998's Belle's Magical World.
Alvin Epstein as the Bookseller[24] – The owner of a book shop in Belle's home town.
Tony Jay as Monsieur D'Arque[25] – The sadistic warden of the Asylum de Loons. Gaston bribes him to help in his plan to blackmail Belle.
Alec Murphy as the Baker[26] – The owner of a bakery in Belle's home town.
Kimmy Robertson as the Featherduster[27] – A maid and Lumière's sweetheart, who has been turned into a feather duster. She is unnamed in the 1991 film (listed as Featherduster in the credits); Babette is the name given to this character later in the 1994 stage adaptation of the film; Fifi in the 1998 animated musical film Belle's Magical World and Plumette in the 2017 live-action remake.
Frank Welker as Sultan[28] – The castle's pet dog turned into a footstool.
Production[edit]
Early versions[edit]
After the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937, Walt Disney sought out other stories to adapt into feature films, with Beauty and the Beast being among the stories he considered.[12][29] Attempts to develop the Beauty and the Beast story into a film were made in the 1930s and 1950s, but were ultimately given up because it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team.[12] Peter M. Nichols states Disney may later have been discouraged by Jean Cocteau having already done his 1946 version.[30]
Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard Williams, who had directed the animated portions of Roger Rabbit, was approached to direct but declined in favor of continuing work on his long-gestating project The Thief and the Cobbler. In his place, Williams recommended his colleague, English animation director Richard Purdum, and work began under producer Don Hahn on a non-musical version of Beauty and the Beast set in 19th-century France.[31] At the behest of Disney CEO Michael Eisner, Beauty and the Beast became the first Disney animated film to use a screenwriter. This was an unusual production move for an animated film, which is traditionally developed on storyboards rather than in scripted form. Linda Woolverton wrote the original draft of the story before storyboarding began, and worked with the story team to retool and develop the film.[32]
Script rewrite and musicalization[edit]
Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch.
Upon seeing the initial storyboard reels in 1989, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg ordered that the film be scrapped and started over from scratch. A few months after starting anew, Purdum resigned as director. The studio had approached Ron Clements and John Musker to direct the film, but they turned down the offer, saying they were "tired" after just having finished directing Disney's recent success The Little Mermaid. Disney then hired first-time feature directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale. Wise and Trousdale had previously directed the animated sections of Cranium Command, a short film for a Disney EPCOT theme park attraction. In addition, Katzenberg asked songwriters Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, who had written the song score for The Little Mermaid, to turn Beauty and the Beast into a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as Mermaid. Ashman, who at the time had learned he was dying of complications from AIDS, had been working with Disney on a pet project of his, Aladdin, and only reluctantly agreed to join the struggling production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing health, pre-production of Beauty and the Beast was moved from London to the Residence Inn in Fishkill, New York, close to Ashman's New York City home.[31] Here, Ashman and Menken joined Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, and Woolverton in retooling the film's script.[12][32] Since the original story had only two major characters, the filmmakers enhanced them, added new characters in the form of enchanted household items who "add warmth and comedy to a gloomy story" and guide the audience through the film, and added a "real villain" in the form of Gaston.[12]
These ideas were somewhat similar to elements of the 1946 French film version of Beauty and the Beast, which introduced the character of Avenant, an oafish suitor somewhat similar to Gaston,[33] as well as inanimate objects coming to life in the Beast's castle.[34] The animated objects were, however, given distinct personalities in the Disney version. By early 1990, Katzenberg had approved the revised script, and storyboarding began again.[12][32] The production flew story artists back and forth between California and New York for storyboard approvals from Ashman, though the team was not told the reason why.[12]
Casting and recording[edit]
Disney had originally considered casting Jodi Benson from The Little Mermaid as Belle.[35] They eventually decided upon Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara in favor of having a heroine who sounded "more like a woman than a girl".[36] According to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara was given the role because she "had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made her special",[37] reminiscent to that of American actress and singer Judy Garland.[38] O'Hara, who, after reading about the film in The New York Times,[39] competed for the role against 500 hopefuls,[40] believes the fact that lyricist Howard Ashman admired her cast recording of the musical Show Boat proved integral in her being cast.[41]
Animation[edit]
A frame from the "Beauty and the Beast" ballroom dance sequence. The background is animated using computer generated imagery which, when the traditionally animated characters are composited against it using Pixar's CAPS system, gives the illusion of a dollying film camera.
Production of Beauty and the Beast was to be completed on a compressed timeline of two years rather than the traditional four-year Disney Feature Animation production schedule; this was due to the loss of production time spent developing the earlier Purdum version of the film.[10] Most of the production was done at the main Feature Animation studio, housed in the Air Way facility in Glendale, California. A smaller team at the Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Lake Buena Vista, Florida assisted the California team on several scenes, particularly the "Be Our Guest" number.[12]
Beauty and the Beast was the second film, after The Rescuers Down Under, produced using CAPS (Computer Animation Production System), a digital scanning, ink, paint, and compositing system of software and hardware developed for Disney by Pixar.[12][31] The software allowed for a wider range of colors, as well as soft shading and colored line effects for the characters, techniques lost when the Disney studio abandoned hand inking for xerography in the early 1960s. CAPS/ink & paint also allowed the production crew to simulate multiplane effects: placing characters and/or backgrounds on separate layers and moving them towards/away from the camera on the Z-axis to give the illusion of depth, as well as altering the focus of each layer.[10]
In addition, CAPS/ink & paint allowed an easier combination of hand-drawn art with computer-generated imagery, which before had to be plotted to animation paper and then xeroxed and painted traditionally.[12][42] This technique was put to significant use during the "Beauty and the Beast" waltz sequence, in which Belle and Beast dance through a computer-generated ballroom as the camera dollies around them in simulated 3D space.[10][12] The filmmakers had originally decided against the use of computers in favor of traditional animation, but later, when the technology had improved, decided it could be used for the one scene in the ballroom.[30] Before that, CGI environments had first been printed out as wireframe, but this was the first time Disney made use of 3D rendering.[43] The success of the ballroom sequence helped convince studio executives to further invest in computer animation.[44]
Music[edit]
See also: Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)
Ashman and Menken wrote the Beauty song score during the pre-production process in Fishkill, the opening operetta-styled "Belle" being their first composition for the film. Other songs included "Be Our Guest," sung (in its original version) to Maurice by the objects when he becomes the first visitor to eat at the castle in a decade, "Gaston," a solo for the swaggering villain, "Human Again," a song describing Belle and Beast's growing love from the objects' perspective, the love ballad "Beauty and the Beast (Tale as Old as Time)" and the climactic "The Mob Song." As story and song development came to a close, full production began in Burbank while voice and song recording began in New York City.[12] The Beauty songs were mostly recorded live with the orchestra and the voice cast performing simultaneously rather than overdubbed separately, in order to give the songs a cast album-like "energy" the filmmakers and songwriters desired.[10]
During the course of production, many changes were made to the structure of the film, necessitating the replacement and re-purposing of songs. After screening a mostly animated version of the "Be Our Guest" sequence, story artist Bruce Woodside suggested that the objects should be singing the song to Belle rather than her father. Wise and Trousdale agreed, and the sequence and song were retooled to replace Maurice with Belle. The film's title song went through a noted bit of uncertainty during production. Originally conceived as a rock-oriented song, it was changed to a slow, romantic ballad. Howard Ashman and Alan Menken asked Angela Lansbury to perform the song, but she did not think her voice was suited for the melody. When she voiced her doubts, Menken and Ashman asked her for at least one take and told her to perform the song as she saw fit. Lansbury reportedly reduced everyone in the studio to tears with her rendition, nailing the song in the one take asked of her. This version went on to win the Oscar for Best Original Song. "Human Again" was dropped from the film before animation began, as its lyrics caused story problems about the timeline over which the story takes place.[12] This required Ashman and Menken to write a new song in its place. "Something There," in which Belle and Beast sing (via voiceover) of their growing fondness for each other, was composed late in production and inserted into the script in place of "Human Again."[10]
Menken would later revise "Human Again" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of Beauty and the Beast, and another revised version of the song was added to the film itself in a new sequence created for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002.[10][12] Ashman died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 40 on March 14, 1991, eight months before the film's release. He never saw the finished film, though he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on Aladdin was completed by another lyricist, Tim Rice. Before Ashman's death, members of the film's production team visited him after the film's well-received first screening, with Don Hahn commenting that "the film would be a great success. Who'd have thought it?", to which Ashman replied with "I would." A tribute to the lyricist was included at the end of the credits crawl: "To our friend, Howard, who gave a mermaid her voice, and a beast his soul. We will be forever grateful. Howard Ashman: 1950–1991."[31] A pop version of the "Beauty and the Beast" theme, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson over the end credits, was released as a commercial single from the film's soundtrack, supported with a music video. The Dion/Bryson version of "Beauty and the Beast" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts around the world. The song became Dion's second single to land within the top-10 of the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number nine. The song peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, "Beauty and the Beast" peaked at number two.[45][46] Outside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty in Australia, Netherlands, and Ireland. The song sold over a million copies worldwide.[47] This version of the song was also nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the Grammys, and it won the Grammy for Dion and Bryson for Best Pop Duo/Group Vocal Performance.
Release[edit]
In a first-time accomplishment for The Walt Disney Company, an unfinished version of Beauty and the Beast was shown at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991.[48] The film was deemed a "work in progress" because roughly only 70% of the animation had been completed; storyboards and pencil tests were used in replacement of the remaining 30%.[49] Additionally, certain segments of the film that had already been finished were reverted to previous stages of completion. At the end of the screening, Beauty and the Beast received a ten-minute-long standing ovation from the film festival audience.[31][50] The completed film was also screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival.[51] The finished film premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 13, 1991, beginning a limited release before expanding wide on November 22.[50]
Re-issues[edit]
The film was restored and remastered for its New Year's Day, 2002 re-release in IMAX theatres in a special-edition edit, including a new musical sequence. For this version of the film, much of the animation was cleaned up, a new sequence set to the deleted song "Human Again" was inserted into the film's second act, and a new digital master from the original CAPS production files was used to make the high-resolution IMAX film negative.[52]
A sing along edition of the film, hosted by Jordin Sparks, was released in select theaters on September 29 and October 2, 2010. Prior to the showing of the film, Sparks showed an exclusive behind-the-scenes look at the newly restored film and the making of her new Beauty and the Beast music video. There was also commentary from producer Don Hahn, interviews with the cast and an inside look at how the animation was created.[53][54]
A Disney Digital 3D version of the film, the second of a traditionally animated film, was originally scheduled to be released in US theatres on February 12, 2010, but the project was postponed.[55] On August 25, 2011, Disney announced that the 3D version of the film would make its American debut at Hollywood's El Capitan Theatre from September 2–15, 2011.[56] Disney spent less than $10 million on the 3D conversion.[57] After the successful 3D re-release of The Lion King, Disney announced a wide 3D re-release of Beauty and the Beast in North America beginning January 13, 2012.[58]
Home media[edit]
Blu-ray Diamond edition cover
The film was released to VHS on October 30, 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series, and was later put on moratorium on April 30, 1993, it was not included in the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection line.[59] This version contains a minor edit to the film: skulls that appear in Gaston's pupils for two frames during his climactic fall to his death were removed for the original home video release. No such edit was made to later reissues of the film. The "work-in-progress" version screened at the New York Film Festival was also released on VHS and LaserDisc at this time;[10] however, said version was the only one available on the latter format until the fall of 1993, when the completed theatrical version was released. This measure was to diminish the threat of video pirates making copies derived from the LaserDisc (which are not copy-protected) and selling them in international markets, where the film was yet to be available for home release.[60][61]
Beauty and the Beast: Special Edition, as the enhanced version of the film released in IMAX/large-format is called, was released on two-disc "Platinum Edition" DVD and VHS on October 8, 2002. The DVD set features three versions of the film: the extended IMAX Special Edition with the "Human Again" sequence added, the original theatrical version, and the New York Film Festival "work-in-progress" version. This release went to "Disney Vault" moratorium status in January 2003, along with its direct-to-video follow-ups Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World.[62]
The film was released from the vault on October 5, 2010 as the second of Disney's Diamond Editions, in the form of a three-disc Blu-ray Disc and DVD combination pack[63]—the first release of Beauty and the Beast on home video in high-definition format.[64] This edition consists of four versions of the film: the original theatrical version, an extended version, the New York Film Festival storyboard-only version, and a fourth iteration displaying the storyboards via picture-in-picture alongside the original theatrical version.[65] Upon its first week of release, the Blu-ray sold 1.1 million units, topping the Blu-ray sales chart and finishing in third place on the combined Blu-ray and DVD sales chart for the week ending on October 10, 2010.[66][67] It was the second-best-selling Blu-ray of 2010, behind Avatar.[68] A two-disc DVD edition was released on November 23, 2010.[63] A five-disc combo pack, featuring Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray 2D, DVD and a digital copy, was released on October 4, 2011. The 3D combo pack is identical to the original Diamond Edition, except for the added 3D disc and digital copy. The Blu-ray release went into the Disney Vault along with the two sequels on April 30, 2012.[69]
A 25th-anniversary Signature Edition was released on Digital HD September 6, 2016 and was followed by Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on September 20, 2016.[70] Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, and debuted at number 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, behind Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and Captain America: Civil War.[71]
Reception and legacy[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 110 critics, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, Beauty and the Beast is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings."[72] The film also holds a 95/100 on Metacritic, which indicates the reviews as "universal acclaim".[73] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[74]
Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised the film with the following statement, "Two years ago, Walt Disney Pictures reinvented the animated feature, not only with an eye toward pleasing children, but also with an older, savvier audience in mind. Disney truly bridged a generation gap with The Little Mermaid … Now, lightning has definitely struck twice with Beauty and the Beast."[75] Awarding the film a perfect score of four stars, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times compared Beauty and the Beast positively to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Pinocchio, writing, "Beauty and the Beast reaches back to an older and healthier Hollywood tradition in which the best writers, musicians and filmmakers are gathered for a project on the assumption that a family audience deserves great entertainment, too."[76] In 2001 Ebert again gave the IMAX re-release a full 4 out of 4 stars.[77] James Berardinelli of ReelViews rated the film similarly while hailing it as "the finest animated movie ever made", writing, "Beauty and the Beast attains a nearly-perfect mix of romance, music, invention, and animation."[78] The use of computer animation, particularly in the ballroom sequence, was singled out in several reviews as one of the film's highlights.[10] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post gave the film a positive review, calling the film "A delightfully satisfying modern fable, a near-masterpiece that draws on the sublime traditions of the past while remaining completely in sync with the sensibility of its time."[79] Janet Maslin of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying "It is a surprise, in a time of sequels and retreads, that the new film is so fresh and altogether triumphant in its own right."[80] Dave Kehr of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Beauty and the Beast is certainly adequate holiday entertainment for children and their more indulgent parents … But the film has little of the technical facility, vivid characterization and emotional impact of Disney past."[81]
Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It's not an especially scary movie, but right from the start, you can tell that this Beauty and the Beast has a beauty of a bite."[82] John Hartl of The Seattle Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "It's exceptionally difficult to make an audience care for animated characters unless they're mermaids or anthropomorphized animals or insects, yet the Disney animators, with a big assist from the vocal talents of a superb cast, have pulled it off."[83] Gene Siskel, also of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Beauty and the Beast is one of the year's most entertaining films for both adults and children."[84] On their Beauty and the Beast edition of Siskel & Ebert, both Siskel and Roger Ebert proclaimed that the film is "a legitimate contender for Oscar consideration as Best Picture of the Year." Michael Sragow of The New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "It's got storytelling vigor and clarity, bright, eclectic animation, and a frisky musical wit."[85] Eric Smoodin writes in his book Animating Culture that the studio was trying to make up for earlier gender stereotypes with this film.[86] Smoodin also states that, in the way it has been viewed as bringing together traditional fairy tales and feminism as well as computer and traditional animation, the film's "greatness could be proved in terms of technology narrative or even politics".[87] Animation legend Chuck Jones praised the film, in a 1992 guest appearance on Later with Bob Costas he claimed he "Loved it. I think it should have won [Best Picture] … I think the animation on the beast is one of the greatest pieces of animation I've seen".[88]
Animation historian Michael Barrier wrote that Belle "becomes a sort of intellectual less by actually reading books, it seems, than by hanging out with them", but says that the film comes closer than other "Disney-studio" films to "accepting challenges of the kind that the finest Walt Disney features met".[89] David Whitley writes in The Idea of Nature in Disney Animation that Belle is different from earlier Disney heroines in that she is mostly free from the burdens of domestic housework, although her role is somewhat undefined in the same way that "contemporary culture now requires most adolescent girls to contribute little in the way of domestic work before they leave home and have to take on the fraught, multiple responsibilities of the working mother". Whitley also notes other themes and modern influences, such as the film's critical view of Gaston's chauvinism and attitude towards nature, the cyborg-like servants, and the father's role as an inventor rather than a merchant.[90]
In 2010, IGN named Beauty and the Beast as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of WALL-E, The Incredibles, Toy Story 2, and The Iron Giant.[91]
Several critics regard the 1991 animated film as superior to the 2017 live-action remake. Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune said that the 1991 film "worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation since "The movie takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly." Phillips also wrote of the 2017 film that "too often we're watching highly qualified performers, plus a few less conspicuously talented ones (Watson, primarily), stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality".[92] Dana Schwartz of the Observer criticized some of the 2017 film changes to the characters like Gaston and the Beast as regressive by watering down their distinguishing personalities from the 1991 film, also arguing that the added backstory to the characters in the 2017 version failed to "advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way".[93] David Sims of The Atlantic wrote that the 2017 film "feels particularly egregious, in part, because it's so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it's hard not to notice".[94]
Box office[edit]
During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145.9 million in revenues in North America and $351.9 million worldwide.[5] It ranked as the third-most successful film of 1991 in North America, surpassed only by the summer blockbusters Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves.[95] At the time Beauty and the Beast was the most successful animated Disney film release, and the first animated film to reach $100 million in the United States and Canada in its initial run.[96][97] In its IMAX re-release, it earned $25.5 million in North America and $5.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $31 million.[98] It also earned $9.8 million from its 3D re-release overseas.[5] During the opening weekend of its North American 3D re-release in 2012, Beauty and the Beast grossed $17.8 million, coming in at the No. 2 spot, behind Contraband, and achieved the highest opening weekend for an animated film in January.[99][100] The film was expected to make $17.5 million over the weekend; however, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts.[101][102] The re-release ended its run on May 3, 2012, and earned $47.6 million, which brought the film's total gross in North America to $219 million.[103] It made an estimated $206 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $425 million.[5]
Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song "Beauty and the Beast" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, while Menken's score won the award for Best Original Score.[104] Two other Menken and Ashman songs from the film, "Belle" and "Be Our Guest", were also nominated for Best Original Song.[104] Beauty and the Beast was the first picture to receive three Academy Award nominations for Best Original Song, a feat that would be repeated by The Lion King (1994), Dreamgirls (2006), and Enchanted (2007).[104] Academy rules have since been changed to limit each film to two nominations in this category, due to the consecutive unintentional failures of Dreamgirls and Enchanted to win the award.[104]
The film was also nominated for Best Picture and Best Sound.[104] It was the first animated film ever to be nominated for Best Picture, and remained the only animated film nominated until 2009 when the Best Picture field was widened to ten nominees, and it remains the only animated film nominated for the award when it had five nominees.[104] It became the first musical in twelve years to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture of the Year, following All That Jazz (1979), and the last one to be nominated until Moulin Rouge! (2001), ten years later.[104] It lost the Best Picture award to The Silence of the Lambs.[104] With six nominations, the film currently shares the record for the most nominations for an animated film with WALL-E (2008), although, with three nominations in the Best Original Song category, Beauty and the Beast's nominations span only four categories, while WALL-E's nominations cover six individual categories.[104]
While The Little Mermaid was the first to be nominated, Beauty and the Beast became the first animated film to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.[104] This feat was later repeated by The Lion King and Toy Story 2.[104]
In 2002, Beauty and the Beast was added to the United States National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten Top Ten" lists of the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres, based on polls of over 1,500 people from the creative community. Beauty and the Beast was acknowledged as the seventh-best film in the animation genre.[107][108] In previous lists, it ranked number 22 on the Institute's list of best musicals and number 34 on its list of the best romantic American films.[109] On the list of the greatest songs from American films, Beauty and the Beast ranked number 62.[110]
American Film Institute recognition:
AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies – Nominated[111]
AFI's 100 Years…100 Passions – No. 34[109]
AFI's 100 Years…100 Heroes and Villains:
Belle – Nominated Hero[112]
AFI's 100 Years…100 Songs:
"Beauty and the Beast" – No. 62[110]
"Be Our Guest" – Nominated[113]
AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – No. 22[114]
AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[115]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – No. 7 Animated film[108]
Adaptations[edit]
Broadway musical[edit]
Main article: Beauty and the Beast (musical)
According to an article in the Houston Chronicle, "The catalyst for Disney's braving the stage was an article by The New York Times theater critic Frank Rich that praised Beauty and the Beast as 1991's best musical Theatre Under The Stars executive director Frank Young had been trying to get Disney interested in a stage version of Beauty about the same time Eisner and Katzenberg were mulling over Rich's column. But Young couldn't seem to get in touch with the right person in the Disney empire. Nothing happened till the Disney execs started to pursue the project from their end … When they asked George Ives, the head of Actors Equity on the West Coast, which Los Angeles theater would be the best venue for launching a new musical, Ives said the best theater for that purpose would be TUTS. Not long after that, Disney's Don Frantz and Bettina Buckley contacted Young, and the partnership was under way."[116] A stage condensation of the film, directed by Robert Jess Roth and choreographed by Matt West, both of whom moved on to the Broadway development, had already been presented at Disneyland at what was then called the Videopolis stage.[116] Beauty and the Beast premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993 through December 26, 1993.[116]
On April 18, 1994, Beauty and the Beast premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City to mixed reviews.[117][118] The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999.[119] The commercial (though not critical) success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world.[119] The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions.[120] The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster.[119] Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Patrick Page, Bryan Batt, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumière; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston.[119] The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,461 performances.[119] As of 2017[update], it is Broadway's tenth-longest-running show in history.[119]
Live-action film[edit]
Main article: Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script.[121][122] Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".[123] In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (The Perks of Being a Wallflower) would re-write the script.[124] In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film.[125] In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively.[126][127][128][129] The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively.[130][131][132][133] Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice.[134] In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical.[135] Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015.[136][137] The film was released on March 17, 2017.[138]
Merchandise[edit]
Beauty and the Beast merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film published by Disney Comics, toys, children's costumes, and other items. In addition, the character of Belle has been integrated into the "Disney Princess" line of Disney's Consumer Products division, and appears on merchandise related to that franchise.[139] In 1995, a live-action children's series entitled Sing Me a Story with Belle began running in syndication, remaining on the air through 1999.[140] Two direct-to-video followups (which take place during the timeline depicted in the original film) were produced by Walt Disney Television Animation: Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas in 1997 and Belle's Magical World in 1998; in contrast to the universal acclaim of the original, reception to the sequels was extremely negative.[141][142] Disney on Ice produced an ice version of the movie that opened in 1992 in Lakeland, Florida. The show was such a huge commercial and critical success, touring around the world to sell-out crowds, that a television special was made when it toured Spain in 1994.[143] The show ended its run in 2006, after 14 years.[143]
Video games[edit]
"Beauty and the Beast (video game)" redirects here. For the 1996 sequel to The Last Ninja, see Beauty and the Beast (Commodore 64).
There are several video games that are loosely based on the film:
The first video game based on the film was titled Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest and is an action platformer for the Sega Genesis. Developed by Software Creations, the game was released in North America in 1993.[144] It is one of two video games based on the film that Sunsoft published for the Genesis, the other being Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast. Characters from the film like Gaston can help the player past tricky situations. As Belle, the player must reach the Beast's castle and break the spell to live happily ever after. To succeed, she must explore the village, forest, castle, and snowy forest to solve puzzles and mini-games while ducking or jumping over enemies. Belle's health is represented by a stack of blue books, which diminishes when she touches bats, rats, and other hazards in the game. Extra lives, keys and other items are hidden throughout the levels. While there is no continue or game saving ability, players can use a code to start the game at any of the seven levels.[145]
The second video game based on the film was titled 'Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast and is a side-scrolling video game for the Genesis. As the Beast, the player must successfully complete several levels, based on scenes from the film, in order to protect the castle from invading villagers and forest animals and rescue Belle from Gaston.[146]
The third and fourth video games based on the film are action platformers developed by Probe Software[147] and published by Hudson Soft. One, titled Beauty and the Beast, was released in Europe in 1994 for the NES,[148] while the other, Disney's Beauty and the Beast, was released in North America in July 1994 and in Europe on February 23 1995 for the SNES. The entire games are played through the perspective of the Beast. As the Beast, the player must get Belle to fall in love so that the curse cast upon him and his castle will be broken. The final boss of the game is Gaston.[147] The Beast can walk, jump, swipe, stomp, super stomp, and roar, the last of which is used to both damage enemies and reveal hidden objects.[149]
The fifth video game based on the film was titled Disney's Beauty and the Beast: A Boardgame Adventure and is a Disney Boardgame adventure for the Game Boy Color. It was released on October 25, 1999.[150]
The video game series Kingdom Hearts features a world based on the film, named "Beast's Castle", along with several of the film's characters. In the first game, the world has been destroyed and Belle kidnapped by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, but the Beast travels to Maleficent's stronghold and works with Sora to defeat Maleficent and rescue Belle and the other captured princesses.[151] In Kingdom Hearts II, the world has since been restored following Ansem's defeat, but Beast and Belle are having difficulties due to the enigmatic Xaldin of Organization XIII attempting to bring out the Beast's darker side in order to turn him into a Heartless and a Nobody, but the Beast eventually comes to his senses and works with Sora once again to defeat Xaldin once and for all. In the game's ending credits, the Beast turns back into the Prince. In Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days, the world is featured as a playable level but the story is not essential to the main plot. In Kingdom Hearts χ, the world is featured again, this time as a hallucination that follows the plot of the movie more closely. The characters featured in the series are Beast, Belle, Lumiere, Gaston, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip, Maurice, and the Wardrobe. After Gaston is defeated, the Beast transforms back into the Prince. Gaston does not appear in Kingdom Hearts II, the world's primary antagonist being Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas.[152]
List of Disney animated features
List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales
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^ Collura, Scott; Fowler, Matt; Goldman, Eric; Schedeen, Jesse; Pirrello, Phil; White, Cindy (June 24, 2010). "Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time". IGN. Archived from the original on July 17, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
^ "'Beauty and the Beast' review: Animated Disney musical's charms lost in translation". Chicago Tribune. March 14, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
^ "How 'Beauty and the Beast' Characters Changed from 1991 to 2017". observer.com. March 21, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
^ Sims, David. "'Beauty and the Beast' Is a Tale as Old as Time, Told Worse". theatlantic.com. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
^ "1991 DOMESTIC GROSSES". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
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^ "Beauty and the Beast (IMAX)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
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^ "Weekend Report: 'Contraband' Hijacks MLK Weekend". Box Office Mojo. January 15, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ Clevland, Ethan (January 16, 2012). ""Beauty and the Beast" return with $18.5 million". Big Cartoon News. Archived from the original on December 2, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
^ Rottenberg, Josh (January 15, 2012). "'Beauty and the Beast' gives 3-D another big boost, but is this really about 3-D or is it just about nostalgia?". Entertainment Weekly. Time. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "Beauty and the Beast (3D)". Box Office Mojo.
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^ a b American Film Institute (June 11, 2002). "AFI's 100 YEARS…100 PASSIONS". Afi.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ a b American Film Institute (June 22, 2004). "AFI's 100 YEARS…100 SONGS". Afi.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
^ "AFI's 100 Years…100 Heroes and Villains" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
^ "AFI's 100 Years…100 Songs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
^ American Film Institute (September 3, 2006). "AFI's 100 YEARS OF MUSICALS". Afi.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
^ a b c Evans, Everett (November 28, 1993). "Disney Debut; First stage musical, Beauty, will test waters in Houston". The Houston Chronicle. p. 8.
^ Rogers, Rick (July 29, 2012). "Sigmund Romberg / Beauty and the Beast". NewsOK.com. NewsOK.com.
^ "'Beauty' Moving From Palace To the Fontanne". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. December 12, 2014.
^ a b c d e f Simonson, Robert (April 18, 2000). "Beauty and the Beast Celebrates Sixth Anniversary, April 18". Playbill. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ Pacheco, Patrick (June 8, 2011). "Tony Awards: Tony Awards' musical numbers are key to box-office success". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ Bahr, Lindsey (June 4, 2014). "Disney taps Bill Condon to direct a live-action 'Beauty and the Beast'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
^ "Bill Condon to Direct Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Film for Disney (EXCLUSIVE)". variety.com. June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
^ "'Twilight' director Bill Condon will translate Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' to live action (UPDATED)". Hitfix. June 4, 2014. Archived from the original on June 5, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
^ Sperling, Nicole (September 29, 2014). "'Perks of Being a Wallflower' author will adapt 'Beauty and the Beast'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
^ Zuckerman, Esther (January 26, 2015). "Emma Watson will be Disney's new Belle in live-action musical 'Beauty and the Beast'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
^ "Luke Evans to Play Gaston in Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)". variety.com. March 4, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2015.
^ Kit, Borys (March 4, 2015). "Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Casting Dan Stevens as the Beast (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
^ "Josh Gad Joining Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. March 13, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Zuckerman, Esther (March 16, 2015). "Emma Thompson will play Mrs. Potts in Disney's Beauty and the Beast". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
^ "Ian McKellen to Play Cogsworth in Disney's Beauty and the Beast". comingsoon.net. April 10, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
^ "'Ewan McGregor to Play Lumiere in 'Beauty and the Beast' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. April 21, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
^ "Stanley Tucci Rounds Out Cast of 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. April 21, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
^ "'Beyond the Lights' Star Gugu Mbatha-Raw Joins 'Beauty and the Beast' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
^ McNary, Dave (March 16, 2015). "Disney's Live-Action 'Beauty and the Beast' Set for March 17, 2017". Variety. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
^ "Alan Menken Confirms 3 New Songs for BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Film; Broadway Tunes Will Not Be Included". broadwayworld.com. June 5, 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
^ "Todd Lieberman Offers Updates on ALLEGIANT and Disney's BEAUTY AND THE BEAST". collider.com. March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
^ "Disney's Live Action BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Officially Wraps Production!". Broadway World. August 27, 2015. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
^ "Emma Thompson and Kevin Kline Join Beauty and the Beast, Release Date Set". comingsoon.net. March 16, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
^ "Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Continues Inspiring New Merchandise Coming to Disney Parks « Disney Parks Blog". Disneyparks.disney.go.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "Disney Princess Collection: Belle's Sing Me a Story [VHS]: Princess Belle: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "Beauty and the Beast – The Enchanted Christmas (Special Edition): Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Bernadette Peters, Tim Curry, Haley Joel Osment, Frank Welker, Jeff Bennett, Jim Cummings, Kath Soucie, Paul Reubens, Andrew Knight, Daniel Lee, Susan Kapigian, Bill Motz, Bob Roth, Cindy Marcus, Flip Kobler: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "Beauty And The Beast – Belle's Magical World (Special Edition): Jeff Bennett, Robby Benson, Paige O'Hara, Jim Cummings, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Gregory Grudt, Rob Paulsen, Kimmy Robertson, Anne Rogers, Frank Welker, April Winchell, Barbara Dourmashkin, Bob Kline, Burt Medall, Cullen Blaine, Dale Case, Daniel de la Vega, Mitch Rochon, Alice Brown: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ a b "You Cannot Resist The Joy Of 'Disney On Ice'—So Don't Even Think About It | ARTery". Artery.wbur.org. February 15, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "Release information". GameFAQs. Archived from the original on March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2008.
^ "Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Quest (1993) screenshots". MobyGames. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
^ "Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Roar of the Beast for Genesis (1993)". MobyGames. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
^ a b "Release information". MobyGames. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
^ "Release information". GameFAQs. Archived from the original on December 31, 2009. Retrieved May 2, 2008.
^ "ProReview: Disney's Beauty and the Beast". GamePro (61). IDG. August 1994. p. 58.
^ "Disney's Beauty and the Beast: A Board Game Adventure: Video Games". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
^ "Part 1 – Beast's Castle – Kingdom Hearts 2 Wiki Guide". IGN. March 28, 2006. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
Beauty and the Beast on IMDb
Beauty and the Beast at the American Film Institute Catalog
Beauty and the Beast at AllMovie
Beauty and the Beast at Rotten Tomatoes
Beauty and the Beast at Metacritic
Beauty and the Beast at TV.com
Beauty and the Beast at Box Office Mojo
Beauty and the Beast at the TCM Movie Database
Beauty and the Beast at The Big Cartoon DataBase
The Scarlet Flower (1858)
Beauty: A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast (1978)
Lord of Scoundrels (1995)
Rose Daughter (1997)
The Quantum Rose (2000)
Beastly (2007)
Fashion Beast (2012)
Zémire et Azor (opera)
Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage (stage)
Beauty and the Beast (musical)
"Election Day" (1985)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast (video game)
Beauty and the Beast (Disney franchise)
Live on Stage (1991)
Sing Me a Story with Belle (1995–1999)
Be Our Guest Restaurant (2012)
Beauty & The Beast: Belle's Quest (1993)
Beauty & The Beast: Roar of the Beast (1993)
Beauty and the Beast (1994; NES)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1994; Super NES)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast Print Kit (1994)
Disney's Beauty & The Beast: A Boardgame Adventure (1999)
Disney's Beauty and the Beast Magical Ballroom (2000)
MusicCharacters
Sing Me a Story with Belle
Disney's Princess Favorites
Disney Princess: The Ultimate Song Collection
Disney Princess Tea Party
Ultimate Disney Princess
Spin-offsRelated
Disney portal
Cartoon portal
Animation portal
1990s portal
Film in the United States portal
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_film)
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JEWELERS in China are banking on 2010 World Expo to boost revenues by introducing licensed Expo diamond and jade pieces.
Twelve jewelers, including Shanghai Laofengxiang Co, Shanghai Lao Miao and Chenghuang Jewelry, joined the team of licensed Expo merchants to offer souvenir jewelry made of the precious stones. Sales of Expo precious metals products have already proven popular.
The Diamond Administration of China is coordinating with Expo organizers to introduce more diamond jewelers as licensed Expo merchants.
"The Expo is a golden opportunity for domestic jewelers to promote products," said Li Mu, vice chairman of the diamond administration. "We're helping jewelers seize the opportunity and spreading awareness about the beauty of diamonds and jade."
More than 70 million visitors are expected to visit the Expo from May to October, creating strong potential for businesses to link their products to the Expo.
Shanghai Laofengxiang said it expected sales of Expo jewelry, including diamond, gold and silver products, to top 2 billion yuan (US$293 million), 1 billion yuan of which would be made this year.
"The Expo is a key part of our work this year. About 10 percent of our nationwide revenue is expected to be generated by Expo jewelry this year," said Lu Jixin, who is responsible for Laofengxiang' Expo products.
Zbird.com, an online diamond jeweler, has an ambitious target of up to 300 million yuan in sales for Expo jewelry.
"Sales of about 100 million yuan is our bottom line target this year," said Stone Xu, co-president of Zbird.com. "We're very confident about Expo products."
Gold and silver were the first precious metals to be used for Expo souvenirs in 2008. The market responded favorably to the products.
China Golddeal Investment Co, a subsidiary under China's currency and coin manufacturer, was among the first licensed partners to introduce such Expo products. Its Expo sales had topped 1 billion yuan by the end of 2009 after launching Expo gold bars and other souvenirs in early 2008.
Total Expo sales of 3 billion yuan are expected by the end of this year, said Jerry Gu, who runs the retail department of China Golddeal.


text:
Melissa Etheridge Says Trump Won't Last Long
In an interview with LGBT glossy The Advocate, out singer-songwriter Melissa Etheridge had some advice for young people concerned about President Donald Trump's divisive politics.
Etheridge is among the many artists who will perform at this year's WorldPride closing ceremony in New York City's Times Square on Saturday, June 30. The event is part of the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Inn uprising, which is widely credited with sparking the modern LGBT rights movement.
"Playing WorldPride just helps me see how far we've come, the work that we have to do, and how strong our community is," Etheridge said.
"The work that the people that came before us, whew! The ones that are still alive, I hope that they know how grateful we are for the work that they did," she said of activists in the 60s an 70s.
When asked to give advice to younger people concerned about the Trump administration's policies on climate change, Etheridge answered: "'Oh, honey, I've seen leaders come and go.' I just came back from Europe this weekend. When I was in Berlin, I remembered how in 1989 I had a show in Berlin … the very weekend that the Wall fell down."
"And I watched them actually tear down that wall, and at that moment as a 27-year-old, I knew that people can do anything, can bring about any change. Do not despair, someone who has just learned how to divide us over our fears, it doesn't last long. The only thing – as corny as it sounds, love is always stronger than fear, and there's not enough darkness in the world to put out one candle. So be that candle, be that hope. Hope is what inspires the rest of us, so be that," she said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) is home to Canadians. They help Canadians live in safe, secure homes. As the Government of Canada's national housing agency,they play a major role in Canada's housing industry.
Canadian Housing and Renewal Association (CHRA) is a national non-profit organization that promotes access to adequate, affordable housing for low- and modest-income households, and seeks to heighten awareness of affordable housing issues through research, advocacy, networking and communications.
The Ontario Home Builders' Association was formed to give residential builders a voice in the provincial government, facilitate changes in the industry, and provide links among home-building businesses, suppliers and services.
The voice of Non-Profit Housing in Ontario.
This is a web guide to Ontario's Landlord and Tenant Act, the Tenant Protection Act, tenants' rights, social justice, and rental housing issues such: as finding apartments for rent, high-rise safety and security, mice, cockroaches, pigeons, and "toxic mold".
The Housing Service Corporation was created out of the Housing Services Act, 2011 to provide social-housing-related services for municipal service managers and social housing providers across Ontario.


text:
Q: ISAAC cipher in PHP I need to communicate in PHP with a client that is using the ISAAC stream cipher. As far as I can tell, none of the crypto libraries available for PHP implement this cipher. How could one implement the ISAAC cipher in a PHP application?
(I have found a Java implementation of ISAAC, and have almost succeeded in porting it over to PHP. The only issue is unsigned right shifting in PHP. I wrote a method to do it, but the method fails when the number in the shift is negative.)

A: The ISAAC cipher is fairly simple, and since it's written in C, it shouldn't be too hard to port it to PHP.  The only real complication is that ISAAC uses 32-bit unsigned integers with wrap-around, whereas PHP's integers may be 32 or 64 bits and get auto-converted to floats on overflow.  This isn't that big an issue, though, since we can easily work around it by applying bitmasks where needed to force intermediate values down to 32 bits.
Anyway, here's a fairly direct port of the ISAAC reference code to PHP:

As of September 2017, this code is now also available on GitHub.

<?php
/*
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ISAAC random number generator by Bob Jenkins.  PHP port by Ilmari Karonen.

Based on the randport.c and readable.c reference C implementations by Bob
Jenkins, with some inspiration taken from the Perl port by John L. Allen.

This code is released into the public domain.  Do whatever you want with it.

HISTORY:
 2013-01-20: Initial version.  (Typo in version date fixed on 2017-09-19.)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/

class ISAAC {
    private $m, $a, $b, $c; // internal state
    public  $r;   // current chunk of results

    public function isaac()
    {
        $c = ++$this->c;     // c gets incremented once per 256 results
        $b = $this->b += $c; // then combined with b
        $a = $this->a;

        $m =& $this->m;
        $r = array();

        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; ++$i) {
            $x = $m[$i];
            switch ($i & 3) {
            case 0: $a ^= ($a << 13); break;
            case 1: $a ^= ($a >>  6) & 0x03ffffff; break;
            case 2: $a ^= ($a <<  2); break;
            case 3: $a ^= ($a >> 16) & 0x0000ffff; break;
            }
            $a += $m[$i ^ 128]; $a &= 0xffffffff;
            $m[$i] = $y = ($m[($x >>  2) & 255] + $a + $b) & 0xffffffff;
            $r[$i] = $b = ($m[($y >> 10) & 255] + $x) & 0xffffffff;
        }

        $this->a = $a;
        $this->b = $b;
        $this->c = $c;
        $this->r = $r;
    }

    public function rand()
    {
        if (empty($this->r)) $this->isaac();
        return array_pop($this->r);
    }

    private static function mix( &$a, &$b, &$c, &$d, &$e, &$f, &$g, &$h )
    {
        $a ^= ($b << 11);              $d += $a; $b += $c;
        $b ^= ($c >>  2) & 0x3fffffff; $e += $b; $c += $d;
        $c ^= ($d <<  8);              $f += $c; $d += $e;
        $d ^= ($e >> 16) & 0x0000ffff; $g += $d; $e += $f;
        $e ^= ($f << 10);              $h += $e; $f += $g;
        $f ^= ($g >>  4) & 0x0fffffff; $a += $f; $g += $h;
        $g ^= ($h <<  8);              $b += $g; $h += $a;
        $h ^= ($a >>  9) & 0x007fffff; $c += $h; $a += $b;
        // 64-bit PHP does something weird on integer overflow; avoid it
        $a &= 0xffffffff; $b &= 0xffffffff; $c &= 0xffffffff; $d &= 0xffffffff;
        $e &= 0xffffffff; $f &= 0xffffffff; $g &= 0xffffffff; $h &= 0xffffffff;
    }

    public function __construct ( $seed = null )
    {
        $this->a = $this->b = $this->c = 0;
        $this->m = array_fill(0, 256, 0);
        $m =& $this->m;

        $a = $b = $c = $d = $e = $f = $g = $h = 0x9e3779b9;  // golden ratio

        for ($i = 0; $i < 4; ++$i) {
            ISAAC::mix($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h);      // scramble it
        }

        if ( isset($seed) ) {
            if ( is_string($seed) ) {
                // emulate casting char* to int* on a little-endian CPU
                $seed = array_values(unpack("V256", pack("a1024", $seed)));
            }

            // initialize using the contents of $seed as the seed
            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i += 8) {
                $a += $seed[$i  ]; $b += $seed[$i+1];
                $c += $seed[$i+2]; $d += $seed[$i+3];
                $e += $seed[$i+4]; $f += $seed[$i+5];
                $g += $seed[$i+6]; $h += $seed[$i+7];
                ISAAC::mix($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h);
                $m[$i  ] = $a; $m[$i+1] = $b; $m[$i+2] = $c; $m[$i+3] = $d;
                $m[$i+4] = $e; $m[$i+5] = $f; $m[$i+6] = $g; $m[$i+7] = $h;
            }

            // do a second pass to make all of the seed affect all of $m
            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i += 8) {
                $a += $m[$i  ]; $b += $m[$i+1]; $c += $m[$i+2]; $d += $m[$i+3];
                $e += $m[$i+4]; $f += $m[$i+5]; $g += $m[$i+6]; $h += $m[$i+7];
                ISAAC::mix($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h);
                $m[$i  ] = $a; $m[$i+1] = $b; $m[$i+2] = $c; $m[$i+3] = $d;
                $m[$i+4] = $e; $m[$i+5] = $f; $m[$i+6] = $g; $m[$i+7] = $h;
            }
        }
        else {
            // fill in $m with messy stuff (does anyone really use this?)
            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i += 8) {
                ISAAC::mix($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h);
                $m[$i  ] = $a; $m[$i+1] = $b; $m[$i+2] = $c; $m[$i+3] = $d;
                $m[$i+4] = $e; $m[$i+5] = $f; $m[$i+6] = $g; $m[$i+7] = $h;
            }
        }

        // fill in the first set of results
        $this->isaac();
    }
}

The ISAAC class constructor takes an optional $seed parameter, which should be either a 256-element array of 32-bit integers, a string of up to 1024 bytes (which is converted to an array using unpack(); see the code) or null (the default).  If the seed is null or omitted, the shorter single-pass initialization is used, which corresponds to calling randinit() with flag == FALSE in the C reference implementation; otherwise, the two-pass initialization corresponding to flag == TRUEis used.
The class provides a rand() method that returns a single 32-bit number, just like the rand() macro defined in Jenkins' rand.h.  Alternatively, I've left the core isaac() method and its internal result buffer $r public, so that those preferring more direct access to the generator can just call isaac() themselves and grab the output that way.  Note that the constructor already calls isaac() once, just like randinit() in the reference implementation, so you only need to call it again after exhausting the first 256 output values.

Here are two test programs, the first corresponding to the test code included inside rand.c:
<?php
require_once('isaac.php');

$seed = array_fill(0, 256, 0);
$isaac = new ISAAC ( $seed );

for ($i = 0; $i < 2; ++$i) {
    $isaac->isaac();  // XXX: the first output block is dropped!
    for ($j = 0; $j < 256; ++$j) {
        printf("%08x", $isaac->r[$j]);
        if (($j & 7) == 7) echo "\n";
    }
}

and the second  randtest.c from the ISAAC challenge:
<?php
require_once('isaac.php');

$seed = "This is <i>not</i> the right mytext.";
$isaac = new ISAAC ( $seed );

for ($j = 0; $j < 10 * 256; ++$j) {
    printf("%08x ", $isaac->rand());
    if (($j & 7) == 7) echo "\n";
}

The outputs of these programs should match randvect.txt and randseed.txt respectively.

A: AFAIK there is no public implemention of ISAAC in PHP. It's not so popular, therefore you cannot find ready-made implemention of it in PHP.
You have to options:
a) Read the algorithm papaers and try to implement it in PHP and be the first who did it.
b) Use some proxies, there is some public implemention of algorithm in Java, Ruby, etc. You can call them via command line etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HubSpot's New Admin Portal Navigation and What it Means to the User
By Maddie WeberJun 19 /2012
While most of you have seen it, played with it and gotten used to it in the last seven to 10 days—for some of you, the new HubSpot admin navigation structure is very new and VERY overwhelming. The top five questions we have received include:
Where did everything go?
How do I update my pages?
Where are all my images?
Are my analytics still in place?
What did HubSpot do?
DON'T PANIC. Everything that you accessed is still intact. All of your analytics, all of your images and documents, all of your lead generating forms, all of your content is still inside your HubSpot portal.
OK, now let's go one question at a time:
HubSpot's restructuring involved reorganizing how users were utilizing the admin portal—regrouping what you were accessing and where. The goal is to make your experience more pleasant and to make your job easier—now all of your Content, Contacts and Analytic applications are together.
Here's a breakdown from HubSpot as to where everything is located.
Can't find your page listing? Go to Page Manager (under Content)—this will give you a familiar view.
Where are my images?
They are still in the File Manager. Go to your name in the upper right corner and click "Settings" at the bottom. The file manager will be on the bottom left listing. While you're on the main profile page, make sure you take advantage of HubSpot's new profile features.
Yes, and they are better than ever. Now you don't have to flip between visits by page and Page Grader—for page-by-page analytics, everything is housed under "Pages." Whether you're identifying on-page SEO problems or seeing which pages ranks for the most keywords, you can do that from one screen. Other analytic updates include Landing Page Analytics, which ultimately can show you which of your offers are delivering the highest-quality leads, and the Custom Dashboard, which will now allow you to allocate the numbers that matter most to your business.
HubSpot is not standing still; since marketing has evolved, HubSpot is finding ways to keep up and is highlighting the inter-connectivity of its own product. The updates are to make navigating your system seamless and to respond to the need of the users.
But of course that doesn't come without a few headaches during the process. HubSpot's learning center is currently stocked full of tips, tricks and tutorials to show you how they have made optimizing your site, publishing content and reporting easier than ever.
What do you think of the new navigation? Let us know in the comments below.
Photo: Patrick Hoesly
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MONTRÉAL, Oct. 31, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Theratechnologies Inc. (Theratechnologies) (TSX: TH) announced that additional analysis of phase III clinical trial data of Trogarzo® (ibalizumab-uiyk) injection was presented today during a late-breaking clinical trial session at HIV Drug Therapy Glasgow 2018.
The analysis compares the results of the patients who completed the study with the Intent-to-treat-Missing-Equals-Failure (ITT-MEF) method, used in the pivotal phase III clinical trial. The ITT-MEF tends to generate much more conservative results as all patients not completing a trial are considered a treatment failure notwithstanding the reason for not completing the study.
Among patients still on treatment at week 25 (31/40), the median viral load reduction was 2.5 log10 with 55% (17/31) achieving a viral load below 50 copies/ml compared to a 1.8 log10 viral load reduction and 43% of patients with a viral load suppression below 50 copies/ml using the ITT-MEF analysis method.
At week 48, the median viral load reduction was 2.9 log10 among the 24 who were still on treatment. Among those 24 patients, 67% (16/24) had a viral load under 50 copies/ml compared to a 2.8 log10 reduction and 59% of patients with a viral load suppression below 50 copies/ml with the ITT-MEF analysis method.
"The analysis presented today at HIV Glasgow gives even more perspective on the efficacy of Trogarzo®. These results are certainly in line with the positive feedback and reaction we have received so far from patients, physicians, payers and guideline authors," said Luc Tanguay, President and CEO, Theratechnologies Inc.
Trogarzo® is a CD4-directed post-attachment HIV-1 inhibitor.
Trogarzo®, in combination with other antiretroviral(s), is indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection failing their current antiretroviral regimen.
Before you receive Trogarzo®, tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant as it is not known if Trogarzo® may harm your unborn baby or if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed as it is not known if Trogarzo® passes into breast milk.
The most common side effects of Trogarzo® include: diarrhea, dizziness, nausea and rash.
Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Trogarzo®. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
This press release contains forward-looking statements and forward-looking information, or, collectively, forward-looking statements, within the meaning of applicable securities laws, that are based on our management's belief and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. You can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may", "will", "should", "could", "would", "outlook", "believe", "plan", "envisage", "anticipate", "expect" and "estimate" or the negatives of these terms, or variations of them. The forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, but are not limited to, the efficacy of Trogarzo® and its use in assisting patients in need thereof.
Forward-looking statements are based upon a number of assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond Theratechnologies' control that could cause actual results to differ materially from those that are disclosed in or implied by such forward-looking information. These assumptions include but are not limited to, the following: the efficacy observed during the pivotal phase III clinical trial for Trogarzo® will be the same for all patients, physicians will prescribe Trogarzo® to patients in need thereof and Trogarzo® will be on the list of drugs reimbursed by payers.
These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk that the efficacy of Trogarzo® differs from one patient to the other and that physicians are reluctant to prescribe Trogarzo®.


text:
IPL 5: Police discuss security
Top officials of the Kolkata Police held a meeting on Tuesday with various stakeholders of the Indian Premier League (IPL) regarding security during the matches to be played at Eden Garden.
"The first meeting of the IPL-V, was held today (Tuesday) between the representatives of Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR), Cricket Associations of Bengal (CAB) and security officers of the IPL-V. We discussed in detail about the security aspects," said Joint Commissioner (headquarters) Jawed Shamim.
City Police Commissioner R.K. Pachnanda presided the meeting attended by CAB joint secretary Biswarup Dey, IPL-V security officer R.K. Das and representatives of KKR.
"This was a preliminary meeting. More meetings and inspections will be followed and detailed security arrangements will be made during the IPL matches. Though IPL-V will start from April 4, the first match of the KKR will be held at Eden on April 5," said Shamim.
The Eden Garden will host eight league matches during the tournament.
Shamim said the CAB and KKR authorities have been specifically instructed to rectify the problems which were pointed out during the previous IPL matches, but did not elaborate the problems. He assured that all arrangements will be in place before the start of the IPL matches.
He further said that the IPL stake holders have been asked to seek either no-objection certificates from the state environment department or exemption from the Calcutta High Court for using loudspeakers during first few IPL matches, as exams of state Higher Secondary Council will continue till April 17.


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