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Search - List of Books by L. Frank Baum
"Hearts will never be practical until they can be made unbreakable." -- L. Frank Baum
Lyman Frank Baum (May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919) was an American author of children's books, best known for writing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. He wrote thirteen novel sequels, nine other fantasy novels, and a host of other works (55 novels in total (plus four "lost" novels), 82 short stories, over 200 poems, an unknown number of scripts, and many miscellaneous writings), and made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and screen. His works predicted such century-later commonplaces as television, laptop computers (The Master Key), wireless telephones (Tik-Tok of Oz), and the ubiquity of advertising on clothing (Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work).
Quotes more less
"I can't give you a brain, but I can give you a diploma.""I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.""Imagination has brought mankind through the dark ages to its present state of civilization. Imagination led Columbus to discover America. Imagination led Franklin to discover electricity.""The road to the City of Emeralds is paved with yellow brick.""Whenever I feel blue, I start breathing again."
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Baum's Childhood and Early Life more less
Baum was born in Chittenango, New York in 1856, into a devout Methodist family of German (paternal line) and Scots-Irish (maternal line) origin, the seventh of nine children born to Cynthia Stanton and Benjamin Ward Baum, only five of whom survived into adulthood. He was named "Lyman" after his father's brother, but always disliked this name, and preferred to go by his middle name, "Frank". His mother, Cynthia Stanton, was a direct descendant of Thomas Stanton, one of the four Founders of what is now Stonington, Connecticut.
Benjamin Baum was a wealthy businessman, originally a barrel maker, who had made his fortune in the oil fields of Pennsylvania. Baum grew up on his parents' expansive estate, Rose Lawn, which he always remembered fondly as a sort of paradise. As a young child, he was tutored at home with his siblings, but at the age of 12 he was sent to study at Peekskill Military Academy. He was a sickly child given to daydreaming, and his parents may have thought he needed toughening up. But after two utterly miserable years at the military academy, he was allowed to return home. Frank Joslyn Baum, in his biography, To Please a Child, claimed that this was following an incident described as a heart attack, though there is no contemporary evidence of this (and much evidence that material in Frank J.'s biography was fabricated).
Baum started writing at an early age, perhaps due to an early fascination with printing. His father bought him a cheap printing press, and he used it to produce The Rose Lawn Home Journal with the help of his younger brother, Henry (Harry) Clay Baum, with whom he had always been close. The brothers published several issues of the journal and included advertisements they may have sold. By the time he was 17, Baum had established a second amateur journal, The Stamp Collector, printed an 11-page pamphlet called Baum's Complete Stamp Dealers' Directory, and started a stamp dealership with his friends.
At the age of 20, Baum took on a new vocation: the breeding of fancy poultry, which was a national craze at the time. He specialized in raising a particular breed of fowl, the Hamburg . In 1880 he established a monthly trade journal, The Poultry Record, and in 1886, when Baum was 30 years old, his first book was published: The Book of the Hamburgs: A Brief Treatise upon the Mating, Rearing, and Management of the Different Varieties of Hamburgs.
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Theater more less
At about the same time, Baum embarked upon his lifetime infatuation with the theater, a devotion which would repeatedly lead him to failure and near-bankruptcy. His first such failure occurred when a local theatrical company duped him into replenishing their stock of costumes, with the promise of leading roles that never came his way. Disillusioned, Baum left the theatre...temporarily...and went to work as a clerk in his brother-in-law's dry goods company in Syracuse. At one point, he found another clerk locked in a store room dead, an apparent suicide. This incident appears to have inspired his locked room story, "The Suicide of Kiaros", first published in the literary journal, The White Elephant.
Yet Baum could never stay away from the stage long. He continued to take roles in plays, performing under the stage names of Louis F. Baum and George Brooks.
In 1880, his father built him a theatre in Richburg, New York, and Baum set about writing plays and gathering a company to act in them. The Maid of Arran, a melodrama with songs based on William Black's novel A Princess of Thule, proved a modest success. Baum not only wrote the play but composed songs for it (making it a prototypical musical, as its songs relate to the narrative), and acted in the leading role. His aunt, Katharine Gray, played his character's aunt. She was the founder of Syracuse Oratory School, and Baum advertised his services in her catalog to teach theatre, including stage business, playwriting, directing, and translating (French, German, and Italian), revision, and operettas, though he was not employed to do so. On November 9, 1882, Baum married Maud Gage, a daughter of Matilda Joslyn Gage, a famous women's suffrage and radical feminist activist. While Baum was touring with The Maid of Arran, the theatre in Richburg caught fire during a production of Baum's ironically-titled parlor drama, Matches, and destroyed not only the theatre, but the only known copies of many of Baum's scripts, including Matches, as well as costumes and props.
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The South Dakota Years more less
In July 1888, Baum and his wife moved to Aberdeen, Dakota Territory, where he opened a store, "Baum's Bazaar". His habit of giving out wares on credit led to the eventual bankrupting of the store, so Baum turned to editing a local newspaper, The Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, where he wrote a column, Our Landlady. Baum's description of Kansas in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is based on his experiences in drought-ridden South Dakota. During much of this time, Matilda Joslyn Gage was living in the Baum household. While he was in South Dakota, Baum sang in a quartet that included a man who would become one of the first Populist (People's Party) Senators in the U.S., James Kyle.
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Baum Becomes an Author more less
After Baum's newspaper failed in 1891, he, Maud and their four sons moved to Chicago, where Baum took a job reporting for the Evening Post . Beginning in 1897, for several years he edited a magazine for advertising agencies focused on window displays in stores. The major department stores created elaborate Christmas time fantasies, using clockwork mechanisms that made people and animals appear to move. In 1900 Baum published a book about window displays in which he stressed the importance of mannequins in drawing customers. He also had to work as a traveling salesman.
In 1897 he wrote and published Mother Goose in Prose, a collection of Mother Goose rhymes written as prose stories, and illustrated by Maxfield Parrish. Mother Goose was a moderate success, and allowed Baum to quit his door-to-door sales job (which had had a negative impact on his health). In 1899 Baum partnered with illustrator W. W. Denslow, to publish Father Goose, His Book, a collection of nonsense poetry. The book was a success, becoming the best-selling children's book of the year.
In 1900, Baum and Denslow (with whom he shared the copyright) published The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to much critical acclaim and financial success. The book was the best-selling children's book for two years after its initial publication. Baum went on to write thirteen more novels based on the places and people of the Land of Oz.
The Wizard of Oz: Fred R. Hamlin's Musical Extravaganza
Two years after Wizard's publication, Baum and Denslow teamed up with composer Paul Tietjens and director Julian Mitchell to produce a musical stage version of the book under Fred R. Hamlin. Baum and Tietjens had worked on a musical of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz in 1901 and based closely upon the book, but it was rejected. This stage version, the first to use the shortened title "The Wizard of Oz", opened in Chicago in 1902, then ran on Broadway for 293 stage nights from January to October 1903. It returned to Broadway in 1904, where it played from March to May and again from November to December. It successfully toured the United States with much of the same cast, as was done in those days, until 1911, and then became available for amateur use. The stage version starred David C. Montgomery and Fred Stone as the Tin Woodman and Scarecrow respectively, which shot the pair to instant fame. The stage version differed quite a bit from the book, and was aimed primarily at adults. Toto was replaced with Imogene the Cow, and Tryxie Tryfle, a waitress, and Pastoria, a streetcar operator, were added as fellow cyclone victims. The Wicked Witch of the West was eliminated entirely in the script, and the plot became about how the four friends, being allied with the usurping Wizard, were hunted as traitors to Pastoria II, the rightful King of Oz. It is unclear how much control or influence Baum had on the script; it appears that many of the changes were written by Baum against his wishes due to contractual requirements with Hamlin. Jokes in the script, mostly written by Glen MacDonough, called for explicit references to President Theodore Roosevelt, Senator Mark Hanna, and oil magnate John D. Rockefeller. Although use of the script was rather free-form, the line about Hanna was ordered dropped as soon as Hamlin got word of his death in 1904.
Beginning with the success of the stage version, most subsequent versions of the story, including newer editions of the novel, have been titled "The Wizard of Oz", rather than using the full, original title. In more recent years, restoring the full title has become increasingly common, particularly to distinguish the novel from the Hollywood film.
Baum wrote a sequel, The Woggle-Bug, but since Montgomery and Stone balked at appearing when the original was still running, the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman were omitted from this adaptation of The Marvelous Land of Oz, which was seen as a self-rip-off by critics and proved to be a major flop before it could reach Broadway. He also worked for years on a musical version of Ozma of Oz, which eventually became The Tik-Tok Man Of Oz. This did fairly well in Los Angeles, but not well enough to convince producer Oliver Morosco to mount a production in New York. He also began a stage version of The Patchwork Girl of Oz, but this was ultimately realized as a film.
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Later Life and Work more less
With the success of Wizard on page and stage, Baum and Denslow hoped lightning would strike a third time and in 1901 published Dot and Tot of Merryland. The book was one of Baum's weakest, and its failure further strained his faltering relationship with Denslow. It would be their last collaboration. Baum would work primarily with John R. Neill on his fantasy work beginning in 1904, but Baum met Neill few times (all before he moved to California) and often found Neill's art not humorous enough for his liking, and was particularly offended when Neill published The Oz Toy Book: Cut-outs for the Kiddies without authorization.
Several times during the development of the Oz series, Baum declared that he had written his last Oz book and devoted himself to other works of fantasy fiction based in other magical lands, including The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus and Queen Zixi of Ix. However, persuaded by popular demand, letters from children, and the failure of his new books, he returned to the series each time. Even so, his other works remained very popular after his death, with The Master Key appearing on St. Nicholas Magazine's survey of readers' favorite books well into the 1920s.
Because of his lifelong love of theatre, he often financed elaborate musicals, often to his financial detriment. One of Baum's worst financial endeavors was his The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays (1908), which combined a slideshow, film, and live actors with a lecture by Baum as if he were giving a travelogue to Oz. However, Baum ran into trouble and could not pay his debts to the company who produced the films. He did not get back to a stable financial situation for several years, after he sold the royalty rights to many of his earlier works, including The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. This resulted in the M.A. Donahue Company publishing cheap editions of his early works with advertising that purported that Baum's newer output was inferior to the less expensive books they were releasing. Baum had shrewdly transferred most of his property, except for his clothing, his library (mostly of children's books, such as the fairy tales of Andrew Lang, whose portrait he kept in his study), and his typewriter (all of which he successfully argued were essential to his occupation), into Maud's name, as she handled the finances, anyway, and thus lost much less than he could have.
His final Oz book, Glinda of Oz was published a year after his death in 1920 but the Oz series was continued long after his death by other authors, notably Ruth Plumly Thompson, who wrote an additional nineteen Oz books.
Baum made use of several pseudonyms for some of his other, non-Oz books. They include:
Edith Van Dyne (the Aunt Jane's Nieces series)
Laura Bancroft (The Twinkle Tales, Policeman Bluejay)
Floyd Akers (The Boy Fortune Hunters series, continuing the Sam Steele series)
Suzanne Metcalf (Annabel)
Schuyler Staunton (The Fate of a Crown, Daughters of Destiny)
John Estes Cooke (Tamawaca Folks)
Capt. Hugh Fitzgerald (the Sam Steele series)
Baum also anonymously wrote The Last Egyptian: A Romance of the Nile.
Baum continued theatrical work with Harry Marston Haldeman's men's social group, The Uplifters, for which he wrote several plays for various celebrations. He also wrote the group's parodic by-laws. The group, which also included Will Rogers, was proud to have had Baum as a member and posthumously revived many of his works despite their ephemeral intent. Although many of these play's titles are known, only The Uplift of Lucifer is known to survive (it was published in a limited edition in the 1960s). Prior to that, his last produced play was The Tik-Tok Man of Oz (based on Ozma of Oz and the basis for Tik-Tok of Oz), a modest success in Hollywood that producer Oliver Morosco decided did not do well enough to take to Broadway. Morosco, incidentally, quickly turned to film production, as would Baum.
In 1914, having moved to Hollywood years earlier, Baum started his own film production company, The Oz Film Manufacturing Company, which came as an outgrowth of the Uplifters. He served as its president, and principal producer and screenwriter. The rest of the board consisted of Louis F. Gottschalk, Harry Marston Haldeman, and Clarence R. Rundel. The films were directed by J. Farrell MacDonald, with casts that included Violet Macmillan, Vivian Reed, Mildred Harris, Juanita Hansen, Pierre Couderc, Mai Welles, Louise Emmons, J. Charles Haydon, and early appearances by Harold Lloyd and Hal Roach. Silent film actor Richard Rosson appeared in one of the films, whose younger brother Harold Rosson photographed The Wizard of Oz (1939). After little success probing the unrealized children's film market, Baum came clean about who wrote The Last Egyptian and made a film of it (portions of which are included in Decasia), but the Oz name had, for the time being, become box office poison and even a name change to Dramatic Feature Films and transfer of ownership to Frank Joslyn Baum did not help. Unlike with The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays, Baum invested none of his own money in the venture, but the stress probably took its toll on his health.
On May 5, 1919, Baum suffered from a stroke. He died quietly the next day, nine days short of his 63rd birthday. At the end he mumbled in his sleep, then said, "Now we can cross the Shifting Sands." He was buried in Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery.
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Baum's Beliefs more less
Baum's avowed intentions with the Oz books, and other fairy tales, was to tell such tales as the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen told, bringing them up to date by making the characters not stereotypical dwarfs or genies, and by removing both the violence and the moral to which the violence was to point. Although the first books contained a fair amount of violence, it decreased with the series; in The Emerald City of Oz, Ozma objected to doing violence even to the Nomes who threaten Oz with invasion. His introduction is often cited as the beginnings of the sanitization of children's stories, although he did not do a great deal more than eliminate harsh moral lessons. His stories still include decapitations, eye removals, maimings of all kinds, and other violent acts, but the tone is very different from Grimm or Andersen.
Another traditional element that Baum intentionally omitted was the emphasis on romance. He considered romantic love to be uninteresting for young children, as well as largely incomprehensible. In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, the only element of romance lay in the backstory of the Tin Woodman and his love Nimmie Amee, which explains his condition and does not otherwise affect the tale, and that of Gayelette and the enchantment of the Winged Monkeys; the only other stories with such elements were The Scarecrow of Oz and Tik-Tok of Oz, both based on dramatizations, which Baum regarded warily until his readers accepted them.
Women's suffrage advocate
Sally Roesch Wagner of The Matilda Joslyn Gage Foundation has published a pamphlet titled The Wonderful Mother of Oz describing how Matilda's radical feminist politics were sympathetically channelled by Baum into his Oz books. Much of the politics in the Republican Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer dealt with trying to convince the populace to vote for women's suffrage. Baum was the secretary of Aberdeen's Woman's Suffrage Club. When Susan B. Anthony visited Aberdeen, she stayed with the Baums. Nancy Tystad Koupal notes an apparent loss of interest in editorializing after Aberdeen failed to pass the bill for women's enfranchisement.
Some of Baum's contacts with suffragists of his day seem to have inspired much of his second Oz story, The Marvelous Land of Oz. In this story, General Jinjur leads the girls and women of Oz in a revolt by knitting needles, take over, and make the men do the household chores. Jinjur proves to be an incompetent ruler, but a female advocating gender equality is ultimately placed on the throne. His Edith Van Dyne stories, including the Aunt Jane's Nieces, The Flying Girl and its sequel, and his girl sleuth Josie O'Gorman from The Bluebird Books, depict girls and young women engaging in traditionally masculine activities.
Editorials about Native Americans
During the period surrounding the 1890 Ghost Dance movement and Wounded Knee Massacre, Baum wrote two editorials about Native Americans for the Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer which have provoked great controversy in recent times because of his suggestion that the safety of White settlers depended on the "extermination" of the remaining Indians.
The first piece was published on December 20, 1890, five days after the killing of the Lakota Sioux holy man, Sitting Bull (who was being held in custody at the time). Following is the complete text of the editorial:
Sitting Bull, most renowned Sioux of modern history, is dead. He was not a Chief, but without Kingly lineage he arose from a lowly position to the greatest Medicine Man of his time, by virtue of his shrewdness and daring. He was an Indian with a white man's spirit of hatred and revenge for those who had wronged him and his. In his day he saw his son and his tribe gradually driven from their possessions: forced to give up their old hunting grounds and espouse the hard working and uncongenial avocations of the whites. And these, his conquerors, were marked in their dealings with his people by selfishness, falsehood and treachery. What wonder that his wild nature, untamed by years of subjection, should still revolt? What wonder that a fiery rage still burned within his breast and that he should seek every opportunity of obtaining vengeance upon his natural enemies. The proud spirit of the original owners of these vast prairies inherited through centuries of fierce and bloody wars for their possession, lingered last in the bosom of Sitting Bull. With his fall the nobility of the Redskin is extinguished, and what few are left are a pack of whining curs who lick the hand that smites them. The Whites, by law of conquest, by justice of civilization, are masters of the American continent, and the best safety of the frontier settlements will be secured by the total annihilation of the few remaining Indians. Why not annihilation? Their glory has fled, their spirit broken, their manhood effaced; better that they die than live the miserable wretches that they are. History would forget these latter despicable beings, and speak, in latter ages of the glory of these grand Kings of forest and plain that Cooper loved to heroise. We cannot honestly regret their extermination, but we at least do justice to the manly characteristics possessed, according to their lights and education, by the early Redskins of America.
Following the December 29, 1890 massacre, Baum wrote a second editorial, published on January 3, 1891:
The peculiar policy of the government in employing so weak and vacillating a person as General Miles to look after the uneasy Indians, has resulted in a terrible loss of blood to our soldiers, and a battle which, at best, is a disgrace to the war department. There has been plenty of time for prompt and decisive measures, the employment of which would have prevented this disaster. The Pioneer has before declared that our only safety depends upon the total extirmination [sic] of the Indians. Having wronged them for centuries we had better, in order to protect our civilization, follow it up by one more wrong and wipe these untamed and untamable creatures from the face of the earth. In this lies safety for our settlers and the soldiers who are under incompetent commands. Otherwise, we may expect future years to be as full of trouble with the redskins as those have been in the past. An eastern contemporary, with a grain of wisdom in its wit, says that "when the whites win a fight, it is a victory, and when the Indians win it, it is a massacre."
These two short editorials continue to haunt his legacy. In 2006, two descendants of Baum apologized to the Sioux nation for any hurt their ancestor had caused.
These editorials are the only known occasions on which Baum articulated such views. For example, aside from the vocabulary, he did acknowledge many Americans of non-White ancestry in The Woggle Bug Book, though in a stereotyped manner for the sake of comedy. The short story, "The Enchanted Buffalo", claims to be a legend of a tribe of bison, and states that a key element made it into legends of Native American tribes. Father Goose, His Book contains poems such as "There Was a Little Nigger Boy" and "Lee-Hi-Lung-Whan." In The Last Egyptian, Lord Roane uses "nigger" to insult the title character, while in The Daring Twins, set in the American South, the only character to use the term is a boy from Boston complaining that his mother uses their money to help "naked niggers in Africa." Baum mentions his characters' distaste for a Hopi snake dance in Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John, but also deplores the horrible situation of Indian Reservations.
Political imagery in The Wizard of Oz
Although numerous political references to the "Wizard" appeared early in the 20th century, it was in a scholarly article by Henry Littlefield, an upstate New York high school history teacher, published in 1964 that there appeared the first full-fledged interpretation of the novel as an extended political allegory of the politics and characters of the 1890s. Special attention was paid to the Populist metaphors and debates over silver and gold. As a Republican and avid supporter of Women's Suffrage, it is thought that Baum personally did not support the political ideals of either the Populist movement of 1890-92 or the Bryanite-silver crusade of 1896-1900. He published a poem in support of William McKinley. Oz Populism Theory at www.halcyon.com
Since 1964 many scholars, economists and historians have expanded on Littlefield's interpretation, pointing to multiple similarities between the characters (especially as depicted in Denslow's illustrations) and stock figures from editorial cartoons of the period. Littlefield himself wrote the New York Times letters to the editor section spelling out that his theory had no basis in fact, but that his original point was, "not to label Baum, or to lessen any of his magic, but rather, as a history teacher at Mount Vernon High School, to invest turn-of-the-century America with the imagery and wonder I have always found in his stories."
Baum's newspaper had addressed politics in the 1890s, and Denslow was an editorial cartoonist as well as an illustrator of children's books. A series of political references are included in the 1902 stage version, such as references by name to the President and a powerful senator, and to John D. Rockefeller for providing the oil needed by the Tin Woodman. Scholars have found few political references in Baum's Oz books after 1902.
When Baum himself was asked whether his stories had hidden meanings, he always replied that they were written to please children and generate an income for his family.
Originally a Methodist, Baum joined the Episcopal Church in Aberdeen to participate in community theatricals. Later, he and his wife, encouraged by Matilda Joslyn Gage, became Theosophist, in 1897. Baum's beliefs are often reflected in his writing. The only mention of a church in his Oz books is the porcelain one which the Cowardly Lion breaks in the Dainty China Country in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The Baums believed that religious decisions should be made by mature minds and sent their older sons to "Ethical Culture Sunday School" in Chicago, which taught morality, not religion.
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Bibliography more less
Oz works
Main: List of Oz books
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904)
Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz (1905, comic strip depicting 27 stories)
Ozma of Oz (1907)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908)
The Road to Oz (1909)
The Emerald City of Oz (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913)
Little Wizard Stories of Oz (1913, collection of 6 short stories)
Tik-Tok of Oz (1914)
The Scarecrow of Oz (1915)
Rinkitink in Oz (1916)
The Lost Princess of Oz (1917)
The Tin Woodman of Oz (1918)
The Magic of Oz (1919, posthumously published)
Glinda of Oz (1920, posthumously published)
[[Image:Princess Truella on a stork - Project Gutenberg eText 16529.jpg|thumbnail|right|PrincessTruella, a character from The Magical Monarch of Mo]]
Non-Oz works
Mother Goose in Prose (prose retellings of Mother Goose rhymes, (1897)
By the Candelabra's Glare (poetry, 1898)
His Book (nonsense poetry, 1899)
The Magical Monarch of Mo (Originally published in 1900 as A New Wonderland) (fantasy, 1903)
The Army Alphabet (poetry, 1900)
The Navy Alphabet (poetry, 1900)
Dot and Tot of Merryland (fantasy, 1901)
American Fairy Tales (fantasy, 1901)
An Electrical Fairy Tale (fantasy, 1901)
The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (1902)
The Enchanted Island of Yew (fantasy, 1903)
Queen Zixi of Ix (fantasy, 1905)
John Dough and the Cherub (fantasy, 1906)
Quaint Quacks and Feathered Shafts for Mature Children (nonsense poetry for adults, 1907)
A Story for Young Folk (novel, 1911; reprinted in 2006 as The Secret of the Lost Fortune)
The Sea Fairies (fantasy, 1911)
Sky Island (fantasy, 1912)
A Story for Young Folk
Our Married Life (novel, 1912) [lost]
Johnson (novel, 1912) [lost]
Molly Oodle (novel, 1914) [lost]
The Mystery of Bonita (novel, 1914) [lost]
This list omits those stories that appeared in Our Landlady, American Fairy Tales, Animal Fairy Tales, Little Wizard Stories of Oz, and Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz.
"They Played a New Hamlet" (28 April 1895)
"A Cold Day on the Railroad" (26 May 1895)
"Who Called 'Perry?'" (19 January 1896)
"Yesterday at the Exhibition" (2 February 1896)
"My Ruby Wedding Ring" (12 October 1896)
"The Man with the Red Shirt" (c.1897, told to Matilda Jewell Gage, who wrote it down in 1905)
"How Scroggs Won the Reward" (5 May 1897)
"The Extravagance of Dan" (18 May 1897)
"The Return of Dick Weemins" (July 1897)
"The Suicide of Kiaros" (September 1897)
"A Shadow Cast Before" (December 1897)
"The Mating Day" (September 1898)
"Aunt Hulda's Good Time" (26 October 1899)
"The Loveridge Burglary" (January 1900)
"The Bad Man" (February 1901)
"The King Who Changed His Mind" (1901)
"The Runaway Shadows or A Trick of Jack Frost" (5 June 1901)
"(The Strange Adventures of) An Easter Egg" (29 March 1902)
"The Ryl of the Lilies" (12 April 1903)
"Chrome Yellow" (1904, Unpublished; held in The Baum Papers at Syracuse University)
"Mr. Rumple's Chill" (1904, Lost)
"Bess of the Movies" (1904, Lost)
"The Diamondback" (1904, First page missing)
"A Kidnapped Santa Claus" (December 1904)
"The Woggle-Bug Book: The Unique Adventures of the Woggle-Bug" (12 January 1905)
"Nelebel's Fairyland" (June 1905)
"Jack Burgitt's Honor" (1 August 1905)
"A Jungle Fairy Tale" (1905)
"The Yellow Ryl" (1906)
"The Witchcraft of Mary-Marie" (1908)
"The Man-Fairy" (December 1910)
"Juggerjook" (December 1910)
"The Tramp and the Baby" (October 1911)
"Bessie's Fairy Tale" (December 1911)
"Aunt 'Phroney's Boy" (December 1912)
"The Littlest Giant--An Oz Story" (1918)
"An Oz Book" (1919)
Under pseudonyms
As Edith Van Dyne:
Aunt Jane's Nieces (1906)
Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad (1907)
Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville (1908)
Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work (1909)
Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society (1910)
Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John (1911)
The Flying Girl (1911)
Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation (1912)
The Flying Girl and Her Chum (1912)
Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch (1913)
Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West (1914)
Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross (1915, revised and republished in 1918)
Mary Louise (1916)
Mary Louise in the Country (1916)
Mary Louise Solves a Mystery (1917)
Mary Louise and the Liberty Girls (1918)
Mary Louise Adopts a Soldier (1919; largely ghostwritten based on a fragment by Baum; subsequent books in the series are by Emma Speed Sampson)
As Floyd Akers:
The Boy Fortune Hunters in Alaska (1906; originally published as Sam Steele's Adventures on Land and Sea by "Capt. Hugh Fitzgerald")
The Boy Fortune Hunters in Panama (1907; originally published as Sam Steele's Adventures in Panama by "Capt. Hugh Fitzgerald"; reprinted in 2008 as The Amazing Bubble Car)
The Boy Fortune Hunters in Egypt (1908; reprinted in 2008 as The Treasure of Karnak)
The Boy Fortune Hunters in China (1909; reprinted in 2006 as The Scream of the Sacred Ape)
The Boy Fortune Hunters in Yucatan (1910)
The Boy Fortune Hunters in the South Seas (1911)
As Schuyler Staunton:
The Fate of a Crown (1905)
Daughters of Destiny (1906)
As John Estes Cooke:
Tamawaca Folks: A Summer Comedy (1907)
As Suzanne Metcalf:
Annabel, A Novel for Young Folk (1906)
As Laura Bancroft:
The Twinkle Tales (1906; collected as Twinkle and Chubbins, though Chubbins is not in all the stories)
Policeman Bluejay (1907; also known as Babes in Birdland, it was published under Baum's name shortly before his death)
The Last Egyptian: A Romance of the Nile (1908)
Baum's Complete Stamp Dealer's Directory (1873)
The Book of the Hamburgs (poultry guide, 1886)
Our Landlady (newspaper stories, 1890—1891)
The Art of Decorating Dry Goods Windows and Interiors (trade publication, 1900)
L. Frank Baum's Juvenile Speaker (or Baum's Own Book for Children), a collection of revised work (1910), later republished as The Snuggle Tales (1916–17) and Oz-Man Tales (1920)
Baum has been credited as the editor of In Other Lands Than Ours (1907), a collection of letters written by his wife Maud Gage Baum.
Plays and adaptations
Including those listed here and on the Oz books page, Michael Patrick Hearn has identified forty-two titles of stage plays associated with Baum, some probably redundant or reflective of alternate drafts, many for works that Baum may never have actually started. Listed below are those either known to have been performed (such as the lost plays of his youth) or that exist in at least fragmentary or treatment form.
The Mackrummins (lost play, 1882)
The Maid of Arran (play, 1882)
Matches (lost play, 1882)
Kilmourne, or O'Connor's Dream (lost? play, opened 4 April 1883)
The Queen of Killarney (lost? play, 1883)
The Songs of Father Goose (Father Goose set to music by Alberta N. Hall Burton, 1900)
"The Maid of Athens: A College Fantasy" (play treatment, 1903; with Emerson Hough)
"The King of Gee-Whiz" (play treatment, February 1905, with Emerson Hough)
Mortal for an Hour or The Fairy Prince or Prince Marvel (play, 1909)
The Pipes O' Pan (play, 1909, with George Scarborough; only the first act was ever completed)
King Bud of Noland, or The Magic Cloak (musical play, 1913; music by Louis F. Gottschalk, revised as the scenario to the film, The Magic Cloak of Oz)
Stagecraft, or, The Adventures of a Strictly Moral Man (musical play, 1914; music by Louis F. Gottschalk)
The Uplift of Lucifer, or Raising Hell: An Allegorical Squazosh (musical play, music by Louis F. Gottschalk, 1915)
The Uplifter's Minstrels (musical play, 1916; music by Byron Gay)
The Orpheus Road Show: A Paraphrastic Compendium of Mirth (musical play, 1917; music by Louis F. Gottschalk)
The Wizard of Oz on screen and back to stage
Following early film treatments in 1910 and 1925, and Baum's own venture, The Oz Film Manufacturing Company, Metro Goldwyn Mayer made the story into the now classic movie The Wizard of Oz (1939) starring Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale. It was only MGM's second feature-length film in three-strip Technicolor (the first having been Sweethearts, based on the Victor Herbert operetta). Among other changes, including largely eliminating the novel's feminist influences, the film was given an all-a-dream ending. (Baum used this technique only once, in Mr. Woodchuck, and in that case the title character explicitly told the dreamer that she was dreaming numerous times.)
In 1970, the actor Conlan Carter, formerly of ABC's Combat! and The Law and Mr. Jones, played the role of Baum in the episode "The Wizard of Aberdeen" in the syndicated television series Death Valley Days.
A completely new Tony Award-winning Broadway musical based on African-American musical styles, The Wiz was staged in 1975 with Stephanie Mills as Dorothy. It was the basis for a 1978 film by the same title starring Diana Ross as an adult Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow. The Wizard of Oz continues to inspire new versions such as Disney's 1985 Return to Oz, The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, Tin Man (a re-imagining of the story televised in late 2007 on the Sci Fi Channel), and a variety of animated productions. Today's most successful Broadway show, Wicked provides a backstory to the two Oz witches used in the classic MGM film. Wicked author Gregory Maguire chose to honor L. Frank Baum by naming his main character Elphaba...a phonetic take on Baum's initials.
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This author page uses material from the Wikipedia article "L. Frank Baum", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0
Total Books: 1557
15 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Original (Paperback)
Genre: Children's Books
15 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Original Oz Series the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Oz the Patchwork Girl of Oz Little Wizard Stories of Oz Tik-tok Of (Hardcover)
7 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Original Oz Series Volume 1 of 2 the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard City of Oz and the Patchwork Girl of Oz (Hardcover)
Genres: Children's Books, Science Fiction & Fantasy
7 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Oz Series Volume 1 of 2 the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz City of Oz and the Patchwork Girl of Oz (Paperback)
8 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Original Oz Series Volume 2 of 2 Little Wizard Stories of Oz Tik-tok of Oz the Scarecrow of Oz Rinkitink in Oz the of Oz the Magic of Oz and Glinda of Oz (Hardcover)
8 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Oz Series Volume 2 of 2 Little Wizard Stories of Oz Tik-tok of Oz the Scarecrow of Oz Rinkitink in Oz the Lost Princess of Oz the Magic of Oz and Glinda of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz (Other)
Adventures in Oz Ozma of Oz and the Marvelous Land of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz Vol I the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz and Ozma of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz Vol I the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz Vol II Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz Vol III the Patchwork Girl of Oz Little Wizard Stories of Oz Tik-tok of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz Vol IV E Scarecrow of Oz Rinkitink in Oz the Lost Princess of Oz (Paperback)
Adventures in Oz Vol IV the Scarecrow of Oz Rinkitink in Oz the Lost Princess of Oz (Hardcover)
Adventures in Oz Vol V the Tin Woodman of Oz the Magic of Oz Glinda of Oz (Paperback)
The Adventures of Trot Cap'n Bill Before They Went to Oz - the Sea Fairies Sky Island (Paperback)
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland [Junior Classics for Young Readers] (Paperback)
All-action Classics No 4 the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
Genres: Children's Books, Teen & Young Adult
Alles Ber Den Zauberer Von Oz (Hardcover)
American Fairy Tales (Paperback) → Paperback
American Fairy Tales By L Frank Baum [World Cultural Heritage Library] (Paperback)
American Fairy Tales - Original Version (Paperback)
Animal Fairy Tales (Paperback)
Annabel (Hardcover)
The Annotated Books Set [15-Book Set - The Annotated Books] (Hardcover)
The Annotated Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
The Annotated Wizard of Oz a Centennial Edition (Hardcover)
The Annotated Wizard of Oz the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Aunt Jane's Nieces (Paperback)
Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John (Paperback)
Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross (Paperback)
Bauml Frank (Other)
Baum's American Fairy Tales (Paperback)
Best of Children's Stories Just So Stories Through the Looking Glass the Tale of Peter Rabbit the Patchwork Girl of Oz the Velveteen Rabbit [The Literate Listener] (Audio Cassette)
The Big Book of Oz Volume 1 the Oz Series (Paperback)
The Big Book of Oz Volume 2 - the Little Wizard Series (Paperback)
Bill Nighy Reads the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Audio CD)
The Book of the Hamburgs a Brief Treatise Upon the Mating Rearing and Management of the Different Varieties of Hamburgs (Hardcover)
The Boy Fortune Hunters in the South Seas [The boy fortune hunters series] (Paperback)
The Boy Fortune Hunters in Yucatan [The boy fortune hunters series] (Paperback)
By the Candelabra's Glare (Hardcover)
Cas-wizard of Oz (Audio Cassette)
Children's Classics [The Wizard of Oz / The Jungle Book / Alice in Wonderland / Aesop's Fables - Audio Cassette - Unabridged] (Audio Cassette)
A Children's Treasury (Paperback)
A Christmas Treasury (Paperback)
A Christmas Treasury Twelve Unforgettable Holiday Stories (Hardcover)
Chudesnaya Strana Oz (Hardcover)
Classic Tales for Children the Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
Classic Wizard of Oz (Audio Cassette)
The Classical Wizard Magus Mirabilis in Oz [The Wizard of Oz in Latin] (Hardcover)
Classics Reimagined the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
The Collected Short Stories of L Frank Baum (Hardcover)
The Complete Book of Oz (Paperback)
Complete Book of Oz Vol I the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz and Ozma of Oz (Hardcover)
Complete Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (Hardcover)
The Complete Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (Paperback)
The Complete Oz Vol 2 [Volume 2] (Paperback)
The Complete Oz Volume 1 (Paperback)
Complete Stories of Oz [Wordsworth Classics] (Paperback)
The Critical Heritage Edition of the Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Crochet Stories L Frank Baum's the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
The Cyclone [L. Frank Baum's the Wizard of Oz Short Tales Classics] (Other)
Cyclone [Wonderful Wizard of Oz Pop-Up Series] (Hardcover)
Daughters of Destiny or the Girl in the Harem (Hardcover)
Der Wunderbare Zauberer Von Oz (Paperback)
Der Zauberer Von Oos [German Edition] (Paperback)
Der Zauberer Von Oz (Hardcover)
Der Zauberer Von Oz 3 Cassetten (Audio Cassette)
Der Zauberer Von Oz 4 Cds (Audio CD)
Dewin Gwlad Yr Os [Cyfres Hoff Straeon - Welsh Edition] (Paperback)
The Disconte Gopher [Prairie Tale] (Hardcover)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (Paperback)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz Lt (Paperback)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz By L Frank Baum [Original Version] (Paperback)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz [Wonderful Oz Books] (Paperback)
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
Dorothy the Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Dorothy and the Wizard [Wizard of Oz, Bk 3] (Other)
Dorothy Returns to Oz (Paperback)
Dorothy Y El Mago En Oz/dorothy and the Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Dot and Tot of Merryland (Paperback)
Eastern Us Regional Wall Map Eastern Us Regional Wall Map Eastern Us Regional Wall Map (Paperback)
Ein Engel Geht Mit Dir (Hardcover)
El Baul De Los Ladrones/ the Box of Robbers [Q - Spanish Edition] (Hardcover)
El Mago De Oz [Los Grandes Clasicos Ilustrados - Spanish Edition] (Paperback)
El Mago De Oz / the Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
El Mago De Oz / the Wonderful Wizard of Oz [Spanish Edition] (Paperback)
El Maravilloso Mago De Oz (Other)
El Maravilloso Mago De Oz/the Wizard of Oz [Spanish Edition] (Hardcover)
El Maravilloso Mago De Oz/the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
El Maravilloso Mago De Oz / the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
El Maravilloso Mago De Oz Trebol (Hardcover)
El Pais De Oz/the Country of Oz (Hardcover)
The Emerald City of Oz (Paperback)
Emerald City of Oz (Hardcover)
The Emerald City of Oz (Paperback) → Paperback
The Emerald City of Oz By L Frank Baum - Illustrated (Paperback)
The Emerald City of Oz Illustrated (Paperback)
The Emerald City of Oz Lt (Paperback)
The Emerald City of Oz Novels Six Through Ten of the Oz Series [Barnes & Noble Leatherbound Classic Collection] (Hardcover)
The Emerald City of Oz - the Wonderland of Oz Vol 3 (Paperback)
Emerald City [Wonderful Wizard of Oz Pop-Up Series] (Hardcover)
The Enchanted Apples of Oz (Paperback)
The Enchanted Buffalo (Hardcover)
Enchanted Island of Yew (Hardcover)
The Enchanted Island of Yew (Hardcover)
The Enchanted Island of Yew - 1903 (Paperback)
The Enchanted Island of Yew Lt (Paperback)
The Enchanted Isle of Yew (Paperback)
Enchanted Worlds Alice's Adventure in Wonderland / Through the Looking Glass / the Wondeful Wizard of Oz / Peter Pan [Audio CD - Abridged] (Audio CD)
Exploring Adventure Fiction Wonderful Wizard of Oz/on the Far Side of the Mountain (Paperback)
Fantasy Classics [Graphic Classics, Bk 15] (Paperback)
The Fate of a Crown (Paperback)
Father Goose His Book (Hardcover)
The Flying Girl (Hardcover)
The Flying Girl and Her Chum (Paperback)
The Gaoler Politely -or- Marry We Be Fair a Mashed-up Romance (Paperback)
Glinda of Oz (Paperback)
Glinda of Oz Baum's Last Contribution to the Wonderful Oz Series [Timeless Classic Books] (Paperback)
Glinda of Oz in Which Are Related the Exciting Experiences of Prince Ozma of Oz and Dorothy in Their Hazardous Journey to the Home of the Flathead (Paperback)
Glinda of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Glinda of Oz - Original Version (Paperback)
Glinda of Oz [Wizard of Oz, No. 14] (Paperback)
Hansel Gretel Other Children's Favorites [Audio Books on CD, No. 9] (Audio CD)
Helbling Reader the Wonderful Wizard of Oz Audio Cd (Paperback)
Illustrated Adventures in Oz Vol I the Wizard of Oz the Land of Oz Ozma of Oz (Paperback)
Illustrated Adventures in Oz Vol II Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz and the Emerald City of Oz (Paperback)
Illustrated Adventures in Oz Vol III the Patchwork Girl of Oz Tik Tok of Oz and the Scarecrow of Oz (Paperback)
Illustrated Adventures in Oz Vol IV Rinkitink in Oz the Lost Princess of Oz and the Tin Woodman of Oz (Paperback)
The Illustrated Adventures in Oz Vol V the Magic of Oz Glinda of Oz the Little Wizard Stories of Oz (Paperback)
Illustrated Classic Editions the Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
John Dough and the Cherub (Paperback)
John Dough the Cherub (Hardcover)
Kabumpo in Oz [Oz Books] (Hardcover)
Ke Kula Kamahao O Oza the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in Hawaiian [Hawaiian Edition] (Hardcover)
A Kidnapped Santa Claus (Hardcover)
A Kidnapped Santa Claus By L Frank Baum [World Cultural Heritage Library] (Paperback)
L Frank Baum the Wonderful Oz Books (Paperback)
L Frank Baum's Book of Santa Claus the Life and Adventures of Santa Claus a Kidnapped Santa Claus (Paperback)
L Frank Baum's Complete Illustrated Oz Series Wonderful Wizard Marvellous Land Ozma Dorothy and the Wizard Road Emerald City Complete Illustrated Oz Series [4 vol set - 4 Volume Set] (Hardcover)
L Frank Baum's Dorothy and the Wicked Witch [Wizard of Oz, Bk 2] (Paperback)
L Frank Baum's Dorothy and the Wizard [Wizard of Oz, 3.] (Paperback)
L Frank Baum's Over the Rainbow [Wizard of Oz.] (Paperback)
L Frank Baum's the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
L Frank Baum's Wizard of Oz (Other)
Land of Oz (Other)
The Land of Oz (Paperback)
The Land of Oz a Sequel to the Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
The Land of Oz Being an Account of the Further Adventures of the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman and Also the Strange Experiences of the Highly Magnified (Paperback)
Land of Oz Being an Account of the Further Adventures of the Scarecrow And [Wonderful Oz Books] (Other)
The Land of Oz Library Edition (Audio Cassette)
Land of Oz the Manga Pocket Manga (Paperback)
Land of Oz the Manga Pocket Manga Volume 2 (Paperback)
The Land of Oz the Only Authorized Edition (Other)
The Land of Oz - the Wonderland of Oz Vol 1 (Paperback)
Land of Oz [Wonderful Oz Books] (Paperback)
Large 15 Books in 1 L Frank Baum's Original Oz Series the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in of Oz the Magic of Oz and Glinda of Oz (Paperback)
The Last Egyptian (Paperback)
The Laughing Hippopotamus American Fairy Tales - Smeshlivyi Gippopotam Amerikanskie Volshebnye Skaski [in Russian language] (Hardcover)
Lavender Classic Readers Series the Wizard of Oz [Level 2 with Audio CD] (Other)
Le Magicien D'oz (Paperback)
Le Magicien Doz [French Edition] (Paperback)
Lfrank Baum's the Wizard of Oz [Graphic Novel Classics] (Other)
Life and Adventure of Santa Claus (Other)
The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (Paperback)
Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (Hardcover)
The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus Lt (Paperback)
The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus the Best of the Classics (Paperback)
The Life Adventures of Santa Claus with Illustrations By Eric Shanower (Hardcover)
The Life and Adventures of Santa Clause (Hardcover)
Little Wiz/stories / [Fabulous Five : Book, No 2] (Paperback)
Little Wizard Stories of Oz (Paperback)
Lost Comics of Oz (Paperback)
Lost Princess of Oz (Hardcover)
The Lost Princess of Oz (Paperback) → Paperback
The Lost Princess of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Lost Princess of Oz The (Paperback)
The Magic of Oz (Paperback)
Magic of Oz (Other)
The Magic of Oz a Faithful Record of the Remarkable Adventures of Dorothy and Trot and the Wizard of Oz Together with the Cowardly Lion the Hungry Iful Birthday Present for Princess Ozma of Oz (Paperback)
The Magic of Oz Books 11 Through 15 of the Oz Series [Fall River Press] (Hardcover)
The Magic of Oz Large Print (Paperback) → Paperback
The Magic of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Magic of Oz The (Hardcover)
The Magic of Oz the Magic of Oz - L Frank Baum [Dover Children's Classics - Volume 1] (Paperback)
Magical Monarch of Mo (Hardcover)
The Magical Monarch of Mo (Paperback)
Magical World of Oz (Paperback)
The Magical World of Oz the Wizard of Oz the Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (Paperback)
Magico De Oz [Em Portugues do Brasil] (Hardcover)
Mago De Oz El - Edicion Anotada [Spanish Edition] (Hardcover)
Mago De Oz El - Libro Sonoro (Hardcover)
Mago De Oz [Spanish Edition] (Hardcover)
Maravilloso Mago De Oz El [Spanish Edition] (Hardcover)
The Marvellous Land of Oz (Paperback)
Marvellous Land of Oz (Hardcover)
The Marvellous Land of Oz By L Frank Baum- Illustrated (Paperback)
The Marvellous Land of Oz Illustrated By John R Neil (Paperback)
The Marvellous Land of Oz [Puffin Classics S.] (Paperback)
Marvelous Land of Oz (Hardcover)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (Paperback) → Paperback
The Marvelous Land of Oz (Paperback)
The Marvelous Land of Oz Being an Account of the Further Adventures of Scarecrow and Tim Woodman and Also the Strange Experiences of the Highly Magnified Woggle Bug Jack Pump (Hardcover)
The Marvelous Land of Oz [Books of Wonder] (Paperback)
The Marvelous Land of Oz Illustrated Edition with More Than 30 Drawings (Paperback)
The Marvelous Land of Oz L Frank Baum's Oz (Hardcover)
Mary Engelbreit's Classic Library the Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Mary Louise (Paperback)
Mary Louise and the Liberty Girls (Paperback)
Mary Louise in the Country (Paperback)
Mary Louise Solves a Mystery (Paperback)
The Master Key (Hardcover)
The Master Key an Electrical Fairy Tale [Classics of Science Fiction] (Hardcover)
The Master Key an Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysterie (Paperback)
The Master Key an Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity (Paperback)
The Master Key an Electrical Fairy Tale Founded Upon the Mysteries of Electricity and the Optimism of Its Devotees It Was Written for Boys But Others May Read It (Other)
The Master Key Lt (Paperback)
Master Key The (Paperback)
Merry Go Round in Oz (Hardcover)
Michael Foreman Classics Pack with Classic Fairy Tales and Fairy Tales and Fantastic Stories and Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Bedtime Stories [3 Copies] (Hardcover)
Michael Foreman's the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Mother Goose in Prose (Hardcover)
Mr Clever (Hardcover)
Navy Alphabet Book (Paperback)
A New Wonderland (Paperback)
A Novel Journal the Wizard of Oz [Compact - Novel Journals] (Paperback)
O Magico De Oz - Coleo Reencontro Infantil [Em Portuguese do Brasil] (Paperback)
O Marabilloso Mago De Oz / the Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
O Maravilhoso Mgico De Oz [Em Portuguese do Brasil] (Paperback)
O Mgico De Oz - Coleo Clssicos Zahar [Em Portuguese do Brasil] (Hardcover)
O Mgico De Oz [Em Portuguese do Brasil] (Paperback)
Obwl1 the Wizard of Oz Level 1 400 Word Vocabulary [Oxford Bookworms Library] (Paperback)
Or the Story of the Magic Cloak or the Story of the Magic Cloak [Thorndike Press Large Print Perennial Bestsellers Series] (Hardcover)
The Original Oz Series [15 Books in 1] (Hardcover)
Our Landlady (Hardcover)
The Oxford Bookworms Library the Wizard of Oz Level 1 (Paperback)
Oxford World Classics - Children's Classics Set 5-volume Set [Oxford World's Classics] (Paperback)
Oz (Paperback)
The Oz Audio Collection (Audio Cassette)
Oz Box Set [Books of Wonder] (Paperback)
The Oz Chronicles [Borders Leatherbound Classics, Volume 1] (Other)
Oz Dorothy the Wizard in Oz (Paperback)
Oz Dorthy the Wizard in Oz (Paperback)
Oz Family Collection the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Oz (Audio CD)
Oz Ozma of Oz (Paperback)
Oz Road to Oz (Paperback)
The Oz Sound-book (Audio Cassette)
Oz-story 2 (Paperback)
Oz-story Magazine [No.1] (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Collection Dorothy the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Oz Volume 2 (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Collection Volume 1 the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Collection Volume 2 Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Oz (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Collection Volume 3 the Patchwork Girl of Oz Tik-tok of Oz the Scarecrow of Oz (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Collection Volume 4 Rinkitink in Oz the Lost Princess of Oz the Tin Woodman of Oz (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Collection Volume 5 the Magic of Oz Glinda of Oz the Royal Book of Oz (Paperback)
Oz the Complete Hardcover Collection Oz the Complete Collection Volume 1 Oz the Complete Collection Volume 2 Oz the Complete Collection 4 Oz the Complete Collection Volume 5 (Hardcover)
Oz the Complete Paperback Collection Oz the Complete Collection Volume 1 Oz the Complete Collection Volume 2 Oz the Complete Collection 4 Oz the Complete Collection Volume 5 (Paperback)
Oz the Emerald City of Oz (Paperback)
Oz the Manga Pocket Manga Volume 1 [Oz the Manga] (Paperback)
Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz [Oz Marvel] (Paperback)
Oz the Wonderful Wizard of Oz [Oz Marvel] (Hardcover)
Ozma of Oz (Hardcover)
Ozma of Oz (Audio Cassette)
Ozma of Oz 3 (Paperback)
Ozma of Oz [Books of Wonder] (Paperback)
Ozma of Oz By L Frank Baum - Illustrated (Paperback)
Ozma of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Ozma of Oz [Oz, Bk 3] (Paperback)
Ozma of Oz [Oz, Bk 3] (Paperback) → Paperback
Ozma of Oz Record Her Adventures W/ Dorothy Gale Kansas Yellow Hen Scarecrow [Puffin Classics] (Paperback)
Ozma of Oz - the Wonderland of Oz Vol 2 (Paperback)
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (Other)
Patchwork Girl of Oz (Hardcover)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz Library Edition (Audio CD)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz Lt (Paperback)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz the Oz Books 7 (Paperback)
Perro De Cristal/ the Glass Dog [Para Lectores Intrepidos - Spanish Edition] (Hardcover)
Policeman Bluejay (Hardcover)
The Pop-up Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
Prairie-dog Town (Paperback)
Prepak-oz Promo-18cy (Paperback)
The Puffin Classic Gift Set [Classic, Puffin] (Paperback)
Puffin Graphics Wizard of Oz [Puffin Graphics Graphic Novels] (Paperback)
Queen Zixi of IX (Paperback)
Queen Zixi of IX or the Story of the Magic Cloak (Hardcover)
Queen Zixi of IX - or - the Story of the Magic Cloak (Hardcover)
Queen Zixi of IX or the Story of the Magic Cloak or the Story of the Magic Cloak (Paperback)
Queen Zixi of IX the Story of the Magic Cloak (Hardcover)
Queer VIsitors From the Marvelous Land of Oz (Hardcover)
The Quest for the Dark Well in the Land of Oz (Paperback)
Rinkitink in Oz (Paperback) → Paperback
Rinkitink in Oz Lt (Paperback)
Rinkitink in Oz Quite Different From the Other Histories of Oz L Frank Baum Dedicated This Tenth Book in the Series to His New Grandson [Timeless Classic Books] (Paperback)
The Road to Oz (Paperback)
Road to Oz (Hardcover)
Road to Oz 5 (Paperback)
The Road to Oz [Book 5] (Paperback)
The Road to Oz Lt (Paperback)
Road to Oz The [Books of Wonder] (Hardcover)
The Royal Book of Oz (Paperback) → Paperback
Royal Book of Oz (Hardcover)
The Runaway in Oz (Hardcover)
The Rundelstone of Oz (Hardcover)
Sam Steele's Adventures - the Amazing Bubble Car or the Boy Fortune Hunters in Panama (Hardcover)
Sam Steele's Adventures - the Scream of the Sacred Ape or the Boy Fortune Hunters in China (Hardcover)
Same Steele's Adventures - the Treasure of Karnak (Hardcover)
Santa Claus in Oz (Audio CD)
The Scarecrow of Oz (Paperback)
Scarecrow of Oz (Paperback)
The Scarecrow of Oz By L Frank Baum - Illustrated (Paperback)
The Scarecrow of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Scarecrow of Oz The (Hardcover)
Scratch and Sketch Wizard of Oz an Art Activity Story Book for Artists on Both Sides of the Rainbow [Activity Book Series] (Other)
The Sea Fairies (Paperback)
Sea Fairies (Hardcover)
The Sea Fairies Sky Island (Paperback)
Sea Fairies The (Hardcover)
The Secret of the Lost Fortune a Daring Twins Mystery (Hardcover)
Secrets of the Yellow Brick Road a Map for the Modern Spiritual Journey (Paperback)
The Silver Princess in Oz (Paperback)
Sky Island (Paperback)
Sky Island Being the Further Exciting Adventures of Trot and Cap'n Bill After Their VIsit to the Sea Fairies (Paperback)
Stories of Cats We Love Seventeen Tales of Unforgettable Feline Companions (Hardcover)
Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo (Hardcover)
The Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo and His People (Paperback)
Surprising Adventures of the Magical Monarch of Mo and His People (Hardcover)
Tales of Mother Goose (Paperback)
Tamawaca Folks a Summer Comedy [1907] (Paperback)
Three Billy Goats Gruff Other Stories [All-Time Favorite Children's Stories] (Audio CD)
Tik-tok of Oz (Paperback)
Tik Tok of Oz (Paperback)
Tik-tok of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Tik-tok of Oz Newly Formatted with Lots of Large Original Illustrations [Timeless Classic Books] (Paperback)
Tin Woodman of Oz (Other)
The Tin Woodman of Oz (Paperback)
The Tin Woodman of Oz a Faithful Story of the Astonishing Adventure Undertaken By the Tin Woodman Assisted By Woot the Wanderer the Scarecrow of Oz and Polychrome the Rainbow's Daughter (Hardcover)
Tin Woodman of Oz a Faithful Story of the Astonishing Adventure Undertaken [Wonderful Oz Books] (Other)
The Tin Woodman of Oz Illustrated (Paperback)
Tin Woodman of Oz The (Hardcover)
The Tin Woodman of Oz the Classic Story for Children [Illustrated] (Paperback)
The Treasury of Oz (Hardcover)
The Treasury of Oz the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Tik-tok of Oz the Scarecrow of Oz Rinkitin (Paperback)
Twinkle and Chubbins (Paperback)
The Twinkle Tales (Paperback)
The Undead World of Oz L Frank Baum's Beloved Tale Complete with Zombies and Monsters (Paperback)
Vida Y Aventuras De Santa Claus (Paperback)
The VIsitors From Oz (Hardcover)
War in the Land of Oz (Paperback)
The Wiz Book Special Edition [With an introduction by Sidney Lumet, a 32 page photo insert, and the complete text of the L. Frank Baum masterpiece] (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz (Paperback) → Audio CD
Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz (Paperback) → Hardcover
Wizard of Oz (Other)
The Wizard of Oz 30 Postcards (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz 400 Headwords [Oxford Bookworms Library] (Audio Cassette)
The Wizard of Oz a Bbc Radio Full-cast Dramatization [BBC Children's Classics] (Audio CD)
The Wizard of Oz a Novelization (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz [Abridged - Oz Series #1] (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz [Aladdin Classics] (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz and Alice in Wonderland (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz and Other Wonderful Books of Oz the Emerald City of Oz and Glinda of Oz [Classics Deluxe Edition - Penguin Classics Deluxe Editio] (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz and the Marvelous Land of Oz (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz Book 1 (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz Celebrating the Hundredth Anniversary (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz [Charming Classics] (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Collection (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Collection the Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvellous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz the Road to Oz the Emerald City of Oz Patchwork Girl of Oz and More (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Deluxe Book and Charm [Charming Classics] (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz Featuring Judy Garland [Retro Audio] (Audio CD)
The Wizard of Oz Frieze (Other)
The Wizard of Oz - Illustrated Junior Library 1976 (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz Leatherbound Classics (Hardcover)
Wizard of Oz Library [Xx168] (Other)
The Wizard of Oz Limited Edition (Hardcover)
Wizard of Oz Marvelous Land Ozma Dorothy Road Emerald City Patchwork Girl Tik-tok Scarecrow Rinkitink Lost Princess Tin Woodman Magic Glinda Little Wizard Stories (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Mit Materialien [Lernmaterialien] (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Mit Materialien Progressive [Lernmaterialien] (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz Pa (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz Pack [Oxford Bookworms Library, Stage 1] (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Participation Play for Children (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz Play (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz Pop-up Book (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz Pre-intermediate [Macmillan Readers] (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz [Puffin Classics] (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz [Scholastic Junior Classics] (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz Starring Judy Garland and Cast (Audio CD)
The Wizard of Oz Story and Coloring Book (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz the First Five Novels (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz the Graphic Novel (Paperback)
The Wizard of Oz the Illustrated Vocal Score of the 1903 Musical Extravaganza (Paperback)
Wizard of Oz the - on Playaway (Audio CD)
The Wizard of Oz [Treasury of Illistrated Classics] (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz Waddle Book (Hardcover)
Wizard of Oz Waddle Book (Hardcover)
The Wizard of Oz with Ebook (Audio CD)
The Wizard of Oz with Pictures From the Mgm Classic Starring Judy Garland (Other)
The Wizard of Oz with Three-dimensional Pop-up Scenes (Hardcover)
The Woggle-bug Book (Paperback)
The Woggle-bug Book and a Kidnapped Santa Claus [Illustrated Edition - Dodo Press] (Paperback)
The Woggle-bug Book the Unique Adventures of the Woggle-bug (Hardcover)
The Woggle-bug - the Complete Sheet Music From the Fairy Extravaganza (Paperback)
Wonder Tales of L Frank Baum Vol 3 (Other)
The Wonderful Land of Oz the Wonderful Wizard of Oz / the Land of Oz / Ozma of Oz (Hardcover)
A Wonderful Welcome to Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz Ozma of Oz the Emerald City of Oz [Modern Library Classics] (Paperback)
Wonderful Wizard Of [Lib - CD] (Audio CD)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Paperback)
Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 100th Anniversary Edition [Books of Wonder] (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz a Commemorative Pop-up (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Glinda of Oz [Wordsworth Classics] (Paperback)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Marvelous Land of Oz [Manga Illustrated Classics] (Paperback)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Coloring Book (Paperback)
Wonderful Wizard of Oz Coloring Book (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz [Great Classics for Children] (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Hc (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Illustrations By Michael Sieben (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Includes Read-and-listen Cds [Dover Pictorial Archives] (Paperback)
Wonderful Wizard of Oz Ir (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz [Junior Classics for Young Readers] (Paperback)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz L Frank Baum's Oz (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Lt (Paperback)
Wonderful Wizard of Oz Pop Ups (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Sat Vocabulary Edition (Paperback)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz [Signet Classics] (Paperback)
Wonderful Wizard of Oz The (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Classic Story Illustrated By W W Denslow (Paperback)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Kansas Centennial Edition (Hardcover)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz the Kansas Centennial Edition (Paperback)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz [Troll Illustrated Classics] (Paperback)
The Wonderful World of Oz (Hardcover)
The Wonderful World of Oz Rediscover the Magic (Audio Cassette)
The Wonderful World of Oz the Wizard of Oz the Emerald City of Oz Glinda of Oz [Penguin Classics] (Paperback)
The World of Oz a Fantastic Expedition Over the Rainbow (Paperback)
Yellow Brick Road [Wonderful Wizard of Oz Pop-Up Series] (Hardcover)
Young Classics the Wizard of Oz (Hardcover)


text:
University of Utah Health Uses 3D Images and Automated Drill for Precise Brain Surgeries
May 8, 2017 by Sarah Saunders 3D SoftwareMedical 3D PrintingRoboticsScience & Technology
Typically, I think of surgical procedures and getting my car fixed as two very different things, and they absolutely are, though both require precision and specific tools. But thanks to some groundbreaking research by a team at the University of Utah Health (U of U Health), a computer-driven, automated drill, like the kinds used to machine auto parts, could be used in future brain surgeries. The drill developed by the researchers can actually decrease the standard amount of time for one type of complex cranial surgery by 50 times, which gets the patient off the operating table faster and reduces the amount of a time the wound is open. The drill, which makes clean, fast, and safe cuts, can help lower the percentages of human error, chance of infection, and overall surgical cost.
Cranial surgeries can be especially complex, and surgeons usually add several hours to a procedure, because they need to use slow hand drills in order to make intricate openings. William Couldwell, MD, PhD, a U of U neurosurgeon, explained why a hand drill is used, and also the need to make the process much more efficient with a new kind of device.
William T. Couldwell, MD, PhD
"It was like doing archaeology. We had to slowly take away the bone to avoid sensitive structures," Couldwell said.
"We knew the technology was already available in the machine world, but no one ever applied it to medical applications."
Couldwell led an interdisciplinary research team as they worked to develop the robotic drill, which was made from scratch specifically for the neurosurgical unit; the team also developed innovative software that actually lays out a safe cutting path for the drill.
"My expertise is dealing with the removal of metal quickly, so a neurosurgical drill was a new concept for me. I was interested in developing a low-cost drill that could do a lot of the grunt work to reduce surgeon fatigue," said A.K. Balaji, PhD and associate professor in mechanical engineering at U of U Health.
The research team published its findings in a paper, titled "Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing skull base drill," in the Journal of Neurosurgery; University of Utah co-authors include:
William T. Couldwell, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery
Joel D. MacDonald, MD, Department of Neurosurgery
Alagar K. Balaji, PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bradley C. Hansen, PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Aniruddha Lapalikar, MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bharat Thakkar, MS, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Charles L. Thomas, PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering
The abstract reads, "The authors have developed a simple device for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) that uses an image-guided system to define a cutting tool path that is shared with a surgical machining system for drilling bone. Information from 2D images (obtained via CT and MRI) is transmitted to a processor that produces a 3D image. The processor generates code defining an optimized cutting tool path, which is sent to a surgical machining system that can drill the desired portion of bone. This tool has applications for bone removal in both cranial and spine neurosurgical approaches. Such applications have the potential to reduce surgical time and associated complications such as infection or blood loss. The device enables rapid removal of bone within 1 mm of vital structures. The validity of such a machining tool is exemplified in the rapid (< 3 minutes machining time) and accurate removal of bone for transtemporal (for example, translabyrinthine) approaches."
In layman's terms, a patient's CT scan is used to collect bone data, which is then transformed into a 3D image; additionally, the exact location of sensitive structures like nerves and major arteries and veins is pinpointed in the 3D image. Surgeons take this information and program the drill's cutting path, taking care to add in safety barriers within 1 mm of these sensitive locations.
Balaji explained, "The software lets the surgeon choose the optimum path from point A to point B, like Google Maps. Think of the barriers like a construction zone. You slow down to navigate it safety."
Schematic of a method for using the automated drill system for surgery. NC = numeric control.
Just like a CNC mill, the drill quickly and accurately removes most of the bone; Couldwell said the process was similar to "Monster Garage," except the surgeon is machining a skull instead of a car part. To test the drill out, Couldwell applied it to the complex translabyrinthine opening, a "jigsaw-like shape that circumnavigates the ear."
"The access is through the temporal bone which is a hard bone with strange angles," said Balaji.
The translabyrinthine surgery, which exposes benign but slow-growing tumors that form around the auditory nerves, is performed thousands of times a year. Couldwell said that surgeons need a lot of skill and experience to do so – the cutting path has to avoid facial nerves and the venous sinus, and risks include the patient losing facial movement.
Couldwell said, "We thought this procedure would be a perfect proof of principle to show the accuracy of this technology."
An experienced surgeon can typically perform this difficult procedure, using a hand drill, in about two hours. However, by using the newly developed drill and 3D image planning system, that time can be reduced to less than three minutes, which lowers the chance for infection, reduces surgeon fatigue and surgery costs, and improves post-operative recovery.
The 3D images are displayed in a graphic interface so the surgeon can indicate the portion of bone or soft tissue to be machined.
The U of U Health research team focused on speed for the new drill, but also on safety: the device also features an automatic emergency shut-off switch, and monitors the facial nerve for any signs of irritation during the surgery.
Couldwell said, "If the drill gets too close to the facial nerve and irritation is monitored, the drill automatically turns off."
A Technology Initiative Grant through the University of Utah funded the research, and the team is looking to commercialize the drill so it's available in more hospitals for more procedures.
"This drill can be used for a variety of surgeries, like machining the perfect receptacle opening in the bone for a hip implant," Couldwell explained.
Balaji was interested in the project due to the drill's possible applications.
Balaji said, "I was motivated by the fact that this technology could democratize health care by leveling the playing field so more people can receive quality care."
We've seen MRI and CT scan data used to make 3D images and models for surgical procedures before, but never quite like this. To take a look at the robotic drill in action, check out the U of U Health video. What do you think of this technology? Discuss in the U of U forum at 3DPB.com.
[Source: University of Utah Health]
Tagged with: 3D image • 3D medical image data • brain surgery robot • brain tumor • CAD CAM software • cranial surgery • ct scan • drill system • journal article • machining • machining tool • medical research • Medical Robots • neurosurgery • research paper • robotic devices • tumor • University of Utah • University of Utah Health

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Best Colleges with Agricultural and Food Products Processing Degrees in the U.S.
If you are seeking a degree in Agricultural and Food Products Processing, you'll find there are three different degrees that can be earned. A major in Agricultural and Food Products Processing is offered at a small amount of schools, all of which are listed below. Our 2019 ranking of the best colleges that offer Agricultural and Food Products Processing degrees is based on the compilation of our data from reliable government sources, student surveys, college graduate interviews, and editorial review. You can find more information about a Agricultural and Food Products Processing degree below along with a look at schools that offer online degrees in Agricultural and Food Products Processing.
Ohio State University-Main Campus offers 1 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree program. It's a large public university in a large city. In 2015, 14 students graduated in the study area of Agricultural And Food Products Processing with students earning 14 Bachelor's degrees.
University of Florida offers 1 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree program. It's a large public university in a mid sized city.
Texas A & M University-College Station offers 2 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree programs. It's a large public university in a small city. In 2015, 34 students graduated in the study area of Agricultural And Food Products Processing with students earning 34 Bachelor's degrees.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln offers 1 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree program. It's a large public university in a large city.
North Dakota State University-Main Campus offers 2 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree programs. It's a large public university in a mid sized city.
Washington State University offers 1 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree program. It's a large public university in a far away town. In 2015, 1 students graduated in the study area of Agricultural And Food Products Processing with students earning 1 Bachelor's degree.
Angelo State University offers 1 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree program. It's a medium sized public university in a small city. In 2015, 3 students graduated in the study area of Agricultural And Food Products Processing with students earning 3 Bachelor's degrees.
Kansas State University offers 2 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree programs. It's a large public university in a small city. In 2015, 44 students graduated in the study area of Agricultural And Food Products Processing with students earning 44 Bachelor's degrees.
Minnesota West Community and Technical College offers 2 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree programs. It's a small public college in a remote town. In 2015, 3 students graduated in the study area of Agricultural And Food Products Processing with students earning 3 Certificates degrees.
Sul Ross State University offers 0 Agricultural And Food Products Processing Degree programs. It's a small public university in a remote town.
List of Agricultural and Food Products Processing Schools in the U.S.
Online Agricultural and Food Products Processing degrees are available with as many as 3 degrees earned at the most popular school. Read more below about all schools that have offered online Agricultural and Food Products Processing degrees. If you are interested learning more about getting a degree online, check out our page dedicated to online degree information.
How many schools offer online Agricultural and Food Products Processing degrees?
What degrees do people get in Agricultural and Food Products Processing?
On the start of the search for Agricultural and Food Products Processing degrees, know that earning a traditional degree is very normal. The most standard path for those earning a degree in Agricultural and Food Products Processing can presume a standard two to four years to earn a degree. The most commonplace Agricultural and Food Products Processing degree earned was a bachelor's degree, however, schools more commonly offer an associate's degree. The second most popular Agricultural and Food Products Processing degree that people acquire is a certificate. While a bachelor's degree is the likely degree choice, getting a certificate degree isn't out of the question. Although an associate's degree is offered at some schools, getting a traditional degree is not very common. In the end, you'll want to choose a degree in Agricultural and Food Products Processing that can help you to achieve your goals. The only remaining decision will be to find a school offering the degree your interested in and can meet your flexibility needs.


text:
Q: Can I Generate and Apply Migrations at Runtime? I'm looking for any way to generate and run EF Core migrations on app startup/at runtime. I'm developing in a docker container, so I do not have the luxury of using the migrations cli when my schema changes I want to check if the current database lines up with my schema, generate and run the migrations if not, and carry on, without having to completely recreate the database if it exists (EnsureDeleted/EnsureCreated).
Essentially, I'm looking for a way to call dotnet ef migrations add <migration name> and dotnet ef migrations update in my C# code (in the Startup.Configure method, if possible), if the schema in code does not line up with the database schema. I've seen the Migrate method, but that only applies pending migrations, it does not generate anything. And I cannot use EnsureDeleted and EnsureCreated because they would remove the entire database, even if there is some preexisting data.
I'm using .Net 6 with an ASP.Net Web Api project, if it helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DNLA - the Discovery of Natural Latent Abilities is based upon fundamental research on "Social Competences" developed by Dr. Strasser of the prestigious Max-Planck Institute, Munich, under the management of Professor. Dr Brengelmann. It was then fine-tuned for the needs of today's workplace with the help of other academic research, coaching and human resource expertise. Subsequently this knowledege has been applied to other aspects of working life at all levels.
DNOP - Das Deutsche Normenzentrum für Organisations- und Prozessdiagnostik e.V (German center for norms and organizational and process-diagnostics e.V. (inc.soc.) Prof. Dr. Walter Simon, President; carried out the certification and process audit according to the DIN33430 standards for DNLA.
Participants in the DNLA process are entitled to a full technical explanation of the results and the proposals for appropriate development and training, such as those are specified in the DIN 33430 standards, by a certified and accredited DNLA Consultant.
DNLA GmbH, Emsdetten, Germany: Center of Competence and Holder of the world-wide rights to DNLA (www.dnla.de). Continuous updates and add-ons to the DNLA tools, data-pools, available versions for further countries and mentalities.
The calculation of validity and reliability was carried out by "Evalue", Institute of Business Psychology and Evaluation, University of Lüneburg, Institute Director: Prof. Dr. S. Remdisch (Department of Evaluation & Organisation) and Dr. Dipl.-Psych. A. Utsch, 2003.
Worldwide licence rights for DNLA.


By integrating sleek contemporary design into a custom, state-of-the-art facility, we believe our commitment to a superior customer experience is manifest in every detail.
From our passionate, experienced trainers, to our top-of-the-line equipment (e.g., cycles designed by the U.S. Olympic Cycling Team), our principal promise to our members is to deliver the MOST EFFECTIVE WORKOUTS, in the FINEST FACILITY, at the BEST VALUE. We look forward to working hard to deliver on this promise.


Copyright © 2005, 2003, 2000 O'Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
O'Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc. The Pocket Reference series designations, Oracle SQL*Plus Pocket Reference, the image of a moving leaf insect, and related trade dress are trademarks of O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Oracle® and all Oracle-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation, Inc. in the United States and other countries. O'Reilly Media, Inc. is independent of Oracle Corporation.


text:
package uk.gov.hmrc.ct.ct600.v2

import uk.gov.hmrc.ct.box.{Calculated, CtBoxIdentifier, CtInteger}
import uk.gov.hmrc.ct.computations.HmrcAccountingPeriod
import uk.gov.hmrc.ct.computations.retriever.ComputationsBoxRetriever
import uk.gov.hmrc.ct.ct600.v2.calculations.CorporationTaxCalculator

case class B43(value: Int) extends CtBoxIdentifier("Financial Year") with CtInteger

object B43 extends CorporationTaxCalculator with Calculated[B43, ComputationsBoxRetriever] {

  override def calculate(fieldValueRetriever: ComputationsBoxRetriever): B43 =
    financialYear1(
      HmrcAccountingPeriod(fieldValueRetriever.retrieveCP1(), fieldValueRetriever.retrieveCP2())
    )
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


301 23 1857, 1¢ blue, type IV (Scott 23), perfs trimmed top left, tied by Springfield MA c.d.s. on outer letter sheet addressed to Newbury VT, Fine to Very Fine.
302 26 1857, 3¢ dull red, type III (Scott 26), cancelled with "3" numeral with red "Red Wing MN Ter", with blind embossed ad on backflap for M.B. Lewis Forwarders, addressed to Penn Yan NY, attractive cover, Very Fine.
303 37 1860, 24¢ gray lilac (Scott 37), tied by red grill with matching New York c.d.s., on outer lettersheet addressed to Ireland; missing side flaps, Very Fine, with 2010 P.F. certificate.
304 64a 1861, 3¢ pigeon blood pink (Scott 64a), tied by Ann Arbor MI c.d.s., on cover addressed to Stroudsburg PA, Fine to Very Fine.
305 64b 1861, 3¢ rose pink (Scott 64b), tied by "Bird on Wreath" fancy cancel, with Sandy Springs MD c.d.s., addressed to Alexandria VA, Fine to Very Fine, with 1989 P.F. certificate.
306 65 1861, 3¢ rose (Scott 65), cancelled by target with "South Litchfield Me" straight line town cancel & "Mar 10" date, addressed to Augusta ME, Very Fine, a scarce straight line town postmark, with 2011 P.F. certificate.
307 65 1861, 3¢ rose (Scott 65), with hand drawn stamp collar of faces, tied by target and indistinct c.d.s., on cover addressed to Hingham MA, Fine to Very Fine.
308 79 1867, 3¢ rose, A. grill (Scott 79), cancelled by grid with Ann Arbor MI c.d.s., on cover addressed to Kensington MI; missing part of backflap, Fine to Very Fine.
309 83 1867, 3¢ rose, C. grill (Scott 83), cancelled by grid cancel with New York City c.d.s., on cover addressed to Southhold New York, Fine to Very Fine.
310 116 1869, 10¢ yellow (Scott 116), tied by cork cancel with San Francisco CA c.d.s., addressed to Longmeadow MA, docketing indicates steamer China origin; creases, sealed edge tears and missing back flap, Fine.
311 210 1883, 2¢ red brown (Scott 210), tied by pink & purple Millpoint c.d.s. on mourning cover addressed to St Paul MN, Very Fine.
312 211 var. 1883, 4¢ blue green, horizontal bisect (Scott 211 var.), tied by Portland ME duplex, to hotel corner ad cover addressed to Boston MA, Fine to Very Fine, with 2018 P.F. certificate.
313 692-696, 698, 700-70 1931, regular issue first day covers (Scott 692-696, 698, 700-701), eight first day covers mounted on pages, uncacheted, all mailed to same address, exceptional group, Very Fine.
314 C6 Airmail, 1923, 24¢ carmine (Scott C6), posted at sea, received at Halifax and franked with pair Great Britain 1½d (161) and 24¢ airmail addressed to San Francisco CA, possibly unique, Very Fine.
315 C13 Airmail, 1930, 65¢ Graf Zeppelin (Scott C13), desirable example on postcard to Germany, tied by neat "New York, Grand Central Sta., May 11, 1930" duplex cancellation, Extremely Fine.
316 C13 Airmail, 1930, 65¢ Graf Zeppelin, FDC (Scott C13), tied by Apr 19 1930 Washington DC slogan cancel on postal card with Round Trip & South America flight cachets, addressed to Berlin Germany, Fine to Very Fine.
317 C14-C15 Airmail, 1930, $1.30 Graf Zeppelin (Scott C14-C15), stunning Pan-American flight cover addressed to Philadelphia, PA; the two stamps neatly tied by "New York, Varick St. Sta., Apr. 28, 1930" duplex cancellations; an eye catching Zeppelin cover that would enhance any great collection, Very Fine.
318 C15 Airmail, 1930, $2.60 Graf Zeppelin (Scott C15), attractive example tied on 1930 flight cover to Massillon, Ohio by "Varick St. Sta., N.Y., May 6, 1930" slogan cancellation, Very Fine to Extremely Fine.
319 Crash Covers, 1929, Crash in Park City UT, CAM 18, San Francisco to Chicago, Pilot R.T. Freng crashed his plane due to snowstorm, 1026 lbs of mail in burned condition was salvaged, Fine to Very Fine.
320 K2 Offices in China, 1919, 4¢ on 2¢ rose (Scott K2), six singles of 4¢ stamp tied to cover by "U.S. Postal Agency Shanghai China" registry ovals, addressed to Cleveland OH, Fine to Very Fine, with 2015 P.F. certificate.


text:
Trollenäs  est un village de Suède, de la commune d'Eslöv dans le comté de Scanie. On y trouve le château de Trollenäs.

Localité dans le comté de Scanie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


First Human Head Transplantation: Surgically Challenging, Ethically Controversial and Historically Tempting – an Experimental Endeavor or a Scientific Landmark?
According to many, head transplantation is considered to be an extraordinary and impossible surgical procedure. However, nowadays, relevant literature and recent advances suggest that the first human head transplantation might be feasible. This innovative surgery promises a life-saving procedure to individuals who suffer from a terminal disease, but whose head and brain are healthy. Recently, the first cephalosomatic anastomosis in a human model was successfully performed, confirming the surgical feasibility of the procedure, but still not the real outcome. Skepticism and several considerations, including surgical, ethical and psychosocial issues, have emerged in the scientific community since this imaginary procedure seems to be more feasible than ever before.


text:
DSiWare
G.G Series: Z-ONE
Genterprise
Our Review: Scroll Down
G.G Series: Z-ONE Review (DSiWare)
Version Reviewed: North American
Ride into the danger zone
review by Ron DelVillano Fri, 31 Dec 2010 21:30:00 +0000
As the variety of shoot-'em-up games on the DSiWare service continues to expand, it's expected that some titles are going to stand out better than others. With releases such as Metal Torrent and Paul's Shooting Adventure already available and rated highly, being a new contender is no easy feat. The G.G Series of DSiWare games, known for being incredibly inexpensive and shy on gameplay features, is finally throwing its cards on the North American table with the release of G.G Series: Z-ONE. But does this side-scrolling shooter have what it takes to stand out from the rest?
Your goal in Z-ONE is simple: fly through each level and try to get to the end before you're killed, either by an enemy or by crashing into some part of the environment. While the gameplay always remains the same, there are three different types of levels. The first is the standard in which you simply must navigate through until you reach the end. The second type is almost exactly the same as the first, except that you are pitted against some sort of boss at the end. These are never monsters, large ships, or any kind of traditional boss – instead, they act more as tests of your survival skills. All of these boss-type endings place you in one single screen-sized setting full of enemies; some have weak points labelled around the room that you need to shoot at until they explode, while others simply have you survive an onslaught of enemy fire for 20 seconds. The third type of level is a high speed stage that you must navigate through while everything scrolls by much more quickly than in the other areas. While the first half of these levels seem pretty normal except with a higher speed and fewer enemies, those of second turn in to a sort of environmental maze, the landscape becoming much more treacherous as you attempt to guide yourself to the end.
The enemies in Z-ONE are many, but they don't always pose a serious threat. There are only three different types, all of which are completely stationary. Rather than flying at you to attack, each stays right where it is and aims at you from a set position. Some fire single shots while others shoot more quickly and with more ammunition, but they all die pretty easily and aren't too dangerous unless they're flooding the screen. Later on in the game, however, when they appear en masse, things can quickly become difficult and rather bullet hell-ish.
The biggest flaw of Z-ONE is that it doesn't do anything really interesting or special to make the experience stand out. You can't upgrade your ship or your weapons, the enemies are as unimpressive as they come, and the whole thing just fails to impress as an original package.
The controls are simple but can take a little bit of playtime to get completely used to them. You move your ship around using the D-Pad and fire using either the A or Y buttons; the tricky part, however, is aiming your pods to fire as intended. Rather than always shooting straight forward, you are given the option to fire in eight different directions around your ship. While your pods always remain centred in front of you, they are capable of turning, and the way that they aim is opposite whatever direction in which you are moving. If you pilot your ship forward, then the pods will shoot backwards, and vice-versa. You can, however, lock them in a single direction if you continue to fire that way. For example, if you move backwards and hold down the fire button while shooting forward, you are then free to move however you'd like while still shooting forward. To top it all off, the pods on the front of your ship also act as a melee attack, dealing damage when they come into contact with an enemy. When things get tight, or if you simply feel so inclined to, you always have the option of simply running into the opposing forces rather than shooting at all. It's confusing at first, but very quickly becomes second nature.
The best that can be said about Z-ONE is that it really is a good-looking game. The ships' sprites are detailed and the backgrounds look like they have actual depth to them. With such a visually impressive title, it's too bad that more wasn't done with it. Your ship never changes its appearance, there are only three different types of enemies that likewise never change and the backgrounds of every level are the same image skinned with different colours. It would have been nice to see some variety in the surroundings and enemies, or detailed bosses to battle, but unfortunately these are left out. As with the visuals, almost exactly the same can be said about the audio. While the soundtrack is made up of cool techno beats that fit the tone of the game, it lacks appreciable variety as there are only about three different songs that play during the entire time depending on the level type.
Like other titles in the G.G Series, Z-ONE has no focus on story, instead placing it all on gaining the highest score possible. As you progress further, your score continuously increases simply by gaining more ground and killing enemies. At all times during gameplay, the top screen displays your high score, your current score and your highest level reached, so this title should keep fans of the genre and of high scoring entertained for quite a while. It does, however, get very difficult very quickly, so veterans will probably get more enjoyment out of Z-ONE than novices and more casual players.
For a 200 point side-scrolling shoot-'em-up, Z-ONE is not bad, but it lacks anything to make it stand out as a must-have title. The framework is there, but this game falls just short of anything special or unique. It will absolutely keep you entertained for a while, but if you're looking for a flashy, original or very interesting experience that sucks you in, then you might want to set your sights elsewhere.
Not Bad 6/10
CanisWolfred
Fri 31st Dec 2010
I didn't expect much out of this one.
fishman100
Just got a points card today...maybe il'l use 200 of it on this.
Sat 1st Jan 2011
Forgot to mention, I got one of the worst hand cramps of my life while playing this game.
YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED.
joeshabadoo
I must disagree. I feel this game sucks you in quite well, and that there is more than enough content/gameplay variety to warrant the $2 price tag. The unique firing mechanic alone makes this scrolling shooter worth playing
Sun 2nd Jan 2011
The need to manoeuvre in tight spaces reminds me of Konami's arcade classic Scramble. Not a game I play all the time, but not bad as part of the G.G. Series Collection. ZONE 2 is definitely a more interesting game, but this one isn't bad.
GreenAbobo
I was reminded of Konami's Scramble too. This is a fun game to try to 1 credit clear, but if you just use continue after continue the intensity is diminished and it can begin to feel like a grind. I got to stage 38 before I had to take a break.
Well, for $2 and a 6... I'll add it tonight to my DSi.
xPOTATOx
Tue 4th Jan 2011
Looks repetitive, like most G.G Series and DSiWare.
Tap here to load 9 comments
27th Dec 2010 (USA), 200 points
16th Sep 2009 (JPN)
G.G Series
G.G Series: Z•ONE