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No Lakers chat today
Posted on May 30, 2014 by Tom Moore
Mark Medina was scheduled to host a Lakers chat today, but because of breaking NBA news in Los Angeles, we're going to postpone the chat until Monday. Thanks for following Mark Medina and the Inside the Lakers blog.
– Tom Moore, Sports Editor
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Magic Johnson supportive of Steve Ballmer's bid to purchase Clippers
Posted on May 30, 2014 by Mark Medina
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer speaks at a Microsoft event in San Francisco, Wednesday, June 26, 2013. Microsoft is using a three-day conference this week to give people a peek into Windows 8.1, a free update that promises to address some of the gripes people have with the latest version of the company's flagship operating system. A preview version of Windows 8.1 was released Wednesday at the start of the Build conference for Microsoft partners and other technology developers. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu)
The move denies Magic Johnson the chance to be a part of ownership group that would have overseen what could have marked the third Los Angeles-based sports franchise where he exerts influence. Yet, Johnson sounded as gracious on Twitter about former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer making a $2 billion bid to purchase the Clippers as the former Lakers great shows with his infectious smile.
Clipper Fans you'll love Steve Ballmer as your owner!
— Earvin Magic Johnson (@MagicJohnson) May 30, 2014
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Jeanie Buss, siblings, to offer feedback in Lakers' coaching search
Jeanie Buss answers talks to the media about the Lakers at a Time Warner event to honor the late Jerry Buss in Los Angeles. Photo by David Crane/Los Angeles Daily News
The Lakers' coaching search has become unpredictable.
The reasons go beyond the franchise working at a deliberate pace so they can both interview a flurry of candidates and finalize the search without feeling rushed. This search will not involve the late Lakers owner Jerry Buss. With his passing affecting the organization's hierarchy, the Lakers will have added input from all of the six Buss siblings, including president Jeanie Buss, according to a person familiar with the team's thought process.
Lakers general manager Mitch Kupchak and vice president of player personnel Jim Buss will still lead the coaching search through numerous phone and in-person interviews. The two have already met with different candidates, including Byron Scott (last week), Kurt Rambis (Tuesday) and Alvin Gentry (Wednesday). They also plan to meet with Lionel Hollins on Thursday. Former Clippers and Lakers coach Mike Dunleavy also met last week with just Kupchak. But Jeanie Buss has and will receive updates on the search and provide feedback if she feels it is necessary.
"Does that mean they will decide who the coach is going to be? No," said a person familiar with the Lakers' coaching search process. "It's not like there's going to be seven people making that decision."
Whenever the Lakers finalize on a candidate, a recommendation will then be presented to the other Buss siblings, including Joey Jesse and Johnny Buss as well as Janie Buss Drexel. The siblings will not hold a formal vote, but they can then ask questions or express any concerns. The Lakers anticipate such feedback will address logistical issues, such as the length and amount of a coaching contract, than providing feedback on the actual candidate. Both Kupchak and Jim Buss will still have sole influence on managing the basketball operations.
This development was first reported by the Los Angeles Times.
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Who has a worst first pitch: Nick Young or 50 Cent?
Nick Young entertains on the court with his flashy play, acrobatic shots and funny quotes. He also entertains by throwing a terrible first pitch last month at Dodger Stadium in which the ball sailed very high toward the backstop.
50 Center entertains with his rap albums, endless commercials and trash talking. He also entertains by throwing a terrible first pitch this week at Citi Field in which the ball went way outside and did not come close toward crossing home plate.
So which pitch is worst? Young's throw that sailed high above the sky or 50 Cent's left-handed throw that nearly hit a photographer? Vote in the poll below.
Who threw a worst first pitch?
Nick Young throws wild first pitch at Dodger Stadium
Lakers' Nick Young learning a lot from Kobe Bryant
Jordan Farmar, Nick Young are Lakers' dynamic duo
Follow L.A. Daily News Lakers beat writer Mark Medina on Twitter and on Facebook. E-mail him at mark.medina@langnews.com
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Donald Sterling cites Kobe Bryant's homosexual slur in legal response to NBA
FILE – In this Dec. 19, 2011 file photo, Los Angeles Clippers owner Donald Sterling watches the Clippers play the Los Angeles Lakers during an NBA preseason basketball game in Los Angeles. Los Angeles Clippers owner Donald Sterling responded to the NBA's attempt to oust him on Tuesday, May 27, 2014, arguing that there is no basis for stripping him of his team because his racist statements were illegally recorded "during an inflamed lovers' quarrel in which he was clearly distraught." (AP Photo/Danny Moloshok, File)
It turns out Magic Johnson is not the only Laker that Donald Sterling has criticized.
The Clippers' embattled owner also took issue with Kobe Bryant's homosexual slur uttered four years ago during a regular-season game that earned him a $100,000 fine, an incident Sterling argues proves worse than the racially disparaging comments he made on an audio tape. That prompted NBA Commissioner Adam Silver to issue a life-time ban and a $2.5 million fine. Sterling also argued his comments made to his companion V. Stiviano wer not racially charged and that they stemmed more from envy that she brought black friends to Clippers games.
"Sterling was engaged in a lovers' tiff stemming from his jealous reaction to Ms. Stiviano's statement that she was going to "bring four gorgeous black guys to the game," Sterling's lawyers wrote in their legal response to the NBA. "Mr. Sterling's ego was obviously bruised by this remark suggesting that she was cavorting with younger, "gorgeous" men. It's facially ludicrous that what Mr. Sterling said in these circumstances could produce the equivalent of a death penalty while Kobe Bryant called a referee a [homosexual slur] on national television sustaining only a modest $100,000 fine."
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Lakers coaching search: Lakers interviewed Kurt Rambis about coaching job
DENVER, CO – NOVEMBER 13: Assistant coach Kurt Rambis of the Los Angeles Lakers directs Pau Gasol #16, Jordan Hill #27 and Jodie Meeks #20 of the Los Angeles Lakers against the Denver Nuggets at Pepsi Center on November 13, 2013 in Denver, Colorado. The Nuggets defeated the Lakers 111-99. NOTE TO USER: User expressly acknowledges and agrees that, by downloading and or using this photograph, User is consenting to the terms and conditions of the Getty Images License Agreement. (Photo by Doug Pensinger/Getty Images)
The imprint Kurt Rambis has left on the Lakers stems nearly everywhere.
He became the Lakers' coveted reserve during the "Showtime Era." Rambis once served as interim coach during a lock-out shortened season. He became a Lakers' assistant with for head coaches that served as one of the franchise's most popular (Phil Jackson) and most reviled (Mike D'Antoni). Rambis even had a role in the Lakers' front office.
Rambis interviewed with Lakers general manager Mitch Kupchak and executive vice president of player personnel Jim Buss on Tuesday regarding their vacant head coaching position, according to a league source familiar with the discussions, making it possible he could add yet another line on his purple-and-gold colored resume.
The Lakers have interviewed other candidates with past ties to the Lakers, including Mike Dunleavy and Byron Scott. The Lakers will also interview other veteran candidates, including Alvin Gentry on Wednesday and Lionel Hollins on Thursday, according to league sources familiar with the discussions. The Cleveland Cavaliers will also interview with Gentry on Friday and Hollins sometime next week.
The Los Angeles Times first reported the developments surrounding the Lakers' interview with Rambis.
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Lakers to make seventh appearance in Las Vegas Summer League
The Lakers' 2013-14 season elicited the same feelings that frequently happen on Las Vegas trips.
Dashed hopes. Regrettable nights. And one massive hangover.
But the Lakers have also built plenty of equity that compares to those fun nights in Vegas, their poker chips and calculated risk taking morphing into 16 NBA championships. And with the Lakers set to make their seventh appearance in the Las Vegas Summer League this July, there will be intrigue beyond that have nothing to do with high-stakes black jack or lounging by the pool.
The Lakers will have the seventh pick of the 2014 NBA draft, marking the first time they have held a first-round draft selection since 2007. Whoever the Lakers draft will likely play on the Summer League team, providing the first glimpse on to what degree they can make the purple and gold look glittery again.
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Steve Nash to narrate NBA TV's documentary on 1984 NBA Draft
Steve Nash talks about the disappointing season and his future following his Lakers exit interview at their training facility in El Segundo, CA on Thursday, April 17, 2014. (Photo by Scott Varley, Daily Breeze)
After orchestrating so many dazzling plays on the court, Lakers guard Steve Nash will soon perform something that does not involve running the pick-and-roll. Nash will narrate the NBA TV's upcoming documentary on the 1984 NBA Draft titled "The84Draft" during its airing on Monday, June 9 at 9 p.m. ET.
Nash will host certain segments of the program, providing insight on his own talented 1996 draft class and perspective on some of the idols from the 84 class that he idolized, including Michael Jordan, Hakeem Olajuwon, Charles Barkley and John Stockton.
It will be interesting to hear what Nash has to say about Jordan after once sharing on the Dan Patrick Show that as a rookie he once asked Jordan to for his shoes mere hours the former Chicago Bulls star Nash up during a game. Nash would also have a unique take on Stockton, who remains the NBA's all-time assists leader with 15,806. Nash rests in third place with 10,335 assists.
Lakers coaching search: Clippers' Alvin Gentry to interview on Wednesday
Steve Nash's position is secure with the Lakers, but is his health?
Lakers' investment in Steve Nash pays no dividends
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Pau Gasol beginning new initiative with UNICEF
Pau Gasol's tone sounded serious. So did his facial expressions. So did his words.
The Lakers forward spoke up about something in the camera above far more consequential than his frustrations under Mike D'Antoni or his uncertain future donning the purple and gold.
"This is not my story. This is Michel's story. His country was devastated by a typhoon," Gasol said as part of the Voices of Children in Emergencies campaign led by UNICEF and the European Union. "Since his voice is not being heard, I'll lend him mine."
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Kobe Bryant stars in new Smart Car commercial
A new challenge emerged for Kobe Bryant.
It did not entail beating Father Time amid rehabbing a fractured left knee. Or discovering out how he will have to change his game once he expects to play next season. Or figuring out how he will work with whoever the Lakers hire as their next head coach.
No, this latest test for Bryant entailed something far more unusual than what he encounters on a basketball court. In his latest appearance in a new Smart Car commercial, Bryant tries to rescue a boy dressed as a peanut from being eaten by a hungry elephant. The elephant persistently follows Bryant wherever he goes. So Bryant relies on Smart Car's mobility and GPS navigation features to escape.
The result entails a funny commercial that provides some comic relief for both Bryant and Lakers fans from the uncertainty ahead, part of which entails the on-court challenges Bryant that will soon await Bryant. Ones that may be more difficult than successfully driving away from an elephant.
Lakers' Kobe Bryant carries rock star status in China
Lakers coaching search: Byron Scott says Kobe Bryant needs to change his game
Who's winning? Kobe Bryant takes on Father Time


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/ Male High School students donate $2,100 to military coin challenge
Male High School students donate $2,100 to military coin challenge
(Nov. 11, 2013) LOUISVILLE, Ky. – Students rally to donate gifts to 600 Kentucky soldiers stationed in Afghanistan.
Male High School students and teacher Sarah Cole donate $2,100 to Center's military coin challenge.
Last month, the McConnell Center spearheaded a campaign to raise $3,500 to present 1,000 Fort Knox, Ky., soldiers currently stationed in Afghanistan with specially commissioned military challenge coins.
A generous gift of $2,100 from students at Louisville's Male High School, coupled with donations received at the 2013 Daniel H. Utley Memorial, secured enough funds to offer military challenge coins to the 1,000 troops.
"I am proud of those associated with the McConnell Center, the students and staff at Male High School, and everyone that has contributed so generously to this project," said Gary Gregg, director of the McConnell Center.
Watch the video of Male High School's 2013 Patriot Day event
The gift from students at Male High School, under the leadership of social studies teacher Sarah Cole McIntosh, allowed the Center to achieve its initial goal of $3,500. "Male High School's incredibly generous gift not only allowed us to achieve our goal, but it put us in a position to honor even more of our warriors serving in Operation Enduring Freedom," Gregg said.
The Center's campaign is to continue to collect donations to allow officers and upper administration in the Third Brigade to receive coins.
"Because we will be able to give the soldiers a memento of their service to hand down to their children and grandchildren, the generosity the people of Kentucky have shown will 'echo in eternity'–the motto of the combat brigade team'" Gregg said.
If you are interested in continuing to donate to the Center's military challenge coin project, please contact the Center or see additional details below.
Cash donations may be offered directly to the McConnell Center, located in Ekstrom Library's West Wing (Belknap Campus).
Please make checks payable to: UofL Foundation, Memo Line: McConnell G1554
Mail check to: Office of Advancement, ATTN: Judy Singleton, 215 Central Avenue, Suite 300, Louisville, KY 40208

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tag Archives: Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Cafe
Review: Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Cafe, by Richard Dee
13 February 2018 by Melissa
About the book, Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Café
Meet Andorra Pett; with her trusty sidekick, she's taken over a derelict café. On a mining station. It just happens to be orbiting Saturn!
She's hoping for a fresh start, away from all the drama of her old life. It's a chance to relax and start again in a place where nobody knows anything about her or her past.
But the café holds a secret, and secrets have a habit of coming out; whether you want them to or not. And being accident prone doesn't help. The more you try to pretend that you know what's going on, the worse it gets.
Andorra's plans for peace and quiet get lost amid the revelations and skulduggery and she soon realises that the fate of the whole station lies in her hapless hands.
In space, you can still trip over your feet; the question is, will you land upright?
Buy, read, and discuss Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Cafe:
Universal Purchase Link | Goodreads
About the Author, Richard Dee
A native of Brixham in Devon, Richard Dee's family left Devon when he was in his teens and settled in Kent. Leaving school at 16 he briefly worked in a supermarket, then went to sea and travelled the world in the Merchant Navy, qualifying as a Master Mariner in 1986. Coming ashore to be with his growing family, he used his sea-going knowledge in several jobs, including Marine Insurance Surveyor and Dockmaster at Tilbury, before becoming a Port Control Officer in Sheerness and then at the Thames Barrier in Woolwich. In 1994 he was head-hunted and offered a job as a Thames Estuary Pilot. In 1999 he transferred to the Thames River Pilots, where he regularly took vessels of all sizes through the Thames Barrier and upriver as far as H.M.S. Belfast and through Tower Bridge. In all, he piloted over 3,500 vessels in a 22-year career with the Port of London Authority. Richard was offered part time working in 2010, which allowed him to return to live in Brixham, where he took up writing and blogging. He retired in 2015, when he set up and ran a successful Organic bakery, supplying local shops and cafés. The urge to write eventually overtook the urge to bake but Richard still makes bread for friends and family. Richard is married with three adult children and two grandchildren.
Connect with Richard:
I was literally bouncing in my chair when I was offered the chance to read Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Cafe. I mean, a novel about a feisty woman opening a cafe in a mining station in the rings of Saturn? As someone whose gateway into Science Fiction began with A Wrinkle in Time and continued with The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, this sounded like something I would really enjoy.
Richard Dee has given us a tale that has everything – humor, suspense, a strong but struggling heroine, a fantastic sci-fi setting, and a truly universal story (no pun intended).
In Andorra Pett, I found a protagonist I would totally love to hang out with, and have coffee with. At times a tough entrepreneur, and at other times a vulnerable woman, she is smart, sassy, and incredibly resourceful. More than that, she embodies hope, something we can all use more of these days. From the moment Andorra walked into the derelict husk of a basement unit that would eventually become her cafe and worried about space spiders, to the final moment of the book, I was hooked on her story, and happy to follow her on her adventure.
With a supporting cast that covers every part of the spectrum of good and evil, Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud Cafe is a must read for anyone who dreamed about sipping espresso with international spies in Paris… or out in space.
Goes well with coffee and a pastry ring (model of Saturn optional).
Authors A-E Book Talk Fiction Science Fiction	Andorra Pett and the Oort Cloud CafeRachel's Random ResourcesRichard Dee


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Cinema/TVCulture
Egyptian Syndicate of Artists suspends Mohamed Ramadan over Israeli photo scandal
Al-Masry Al-YoumNovember 24, 2020
The Egyptian Syndicate of Artists, headed by Ashraf Zaki, on Monday moved to suspend artist and singer Mohamed Ramadan until his appearance for investigations in the first week of next December, following outrage over Ramadan taking photos with Israeli artists.
The decision came shortly after an emergency meeting within the union.
The meeting was attended by Omar Abdulaziz, the President of the Egyptian Union of Artistic Syndicates, Mosaad Fouda, the President of the Syndicate of Cinematic Professions, and representatives from the Syndicate of Musical Professions, as well as members of the syndicate including Sami Maghouri, Mounir Makram and Ayman Azab.
The council issued a statement on Monday stating that it followed the issue out of full responsibility as it represents Egyptian artists everywhere and sought answers to Ramadan's behavior.
The Egyptian Syndicate of Artists affirmed its complete support for the rights of the Palestinian people, and stressed the difference between formal treaties that Arab governments are bound by and the socitial, cultural and artistic stance towards the Israeli normalization issue.
The council reserves the right to take whatever actions it deems appropriate in light of the internal regulations and laws governing the work of the union.
The scandal began when Emirati journalist Hamad al-Mazrouei uploaded a photo on Twitter where he is present next to Ramadan and Israeli artist Adam at a party Dubai.
"The most famous artist in Egypt with the most famous artist in Israel, Dubai brings us together," Mazrouei wrote, sparking outrage on social media.
Before he could take it down, the official Facebook page for Israel in Arabic shared his post.
Soon after, other images of Ramadan with Israeli stars spread, such as with actor Elad Tesla and soccer player Dia Saba.
Ramadan denied knowing the identity and nationality of the celebrities with whom he took the photos. However, another video on social media shows him at a party with a crowd singing the Hebrew song "Hava Nagila."
Egypt maintains cold peace with Israel on the official level according the Camp David Accords, but Egyptians still consider the country to be an enemy.
Mohamed Ramadan is widely popular in Egypt and the Arab world, even boasting that he is the number one singer and actor in the region.
art culture Egypt Egyptian artists Israel Mohamed Ramadan UAE


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by al5las · Published July 21, 2012 · Updated July 21, 2012
It is a strange irony that those who reverence stones live in glass ideologies.
—L. Brown
Idolatry—every monotheist abhors the thought, and yet many commit the crime themselves. Few today fully grasp the complexities of this issue, for the definition of idolatry has been buried beneath nearly 1,700 years of church tradition.
The second commandment states, "You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them" (Exodus 20:4–5). Alternate translations employ slightly different, though significant, wording, as for example: "You shall not bow down to them or worship them" (NRSV, NIV).
The commandment not to make carved images speaks for itself, as does the subsequent decree not to make any likeness whatsoever.
These directives could not be clearer.
It is man's nature, however, to seek loopholes in laws, taxes, and scripture. Consequently, there are those who consider the initial order not to make "carved images" or "any likeness of anything" conditional upon the following decree not to serve or worship the images—the argument being that if nobody actually worships the image itself, then it's permissible to make it. But that's not what the commandment says. And in any case, caution dictates avoiding what God has forbidden, for the one who trespasses can expect to be held accountable.
But let's take a step backward. What do the words serve and worship really mean?
The verb to serve, according to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, means "to give the service and respect due to (a superior)."[i] Sooo, if placing images in exalted positions (statues of saints literally placed upon pedestals, religious icons framed, etc.), spending time, energy and money to dust, clean, beautify, and preserve them are not acts of service and respect, what are?
The typical Christian response? That these acts of service are not acts of worship.
Now, wait a minute. The word worship wasn't even around two thousand years ago. In fact, it wasn't around one thousand years ago. It didn't exist in the English language during the period of revelation, even if the New Testament had been written in English, which it wasn't. So what words were available in biblical times? What is the meaning from which the word worship was derived?
Not surprisingly, we trace the word worship back to a sense of having worth: a sense of worthiness:
Worship began life as a compound noun meaning virtually "worthiness." It was formed from the adjective worth and the noun suffix ‑ship "state, condition," and at first was used for "distinction, credit, dignity." This soon passed into "respect, reverence," but it was not used in specifically religious contexts until the 13th century. The verb dates from the 12th century.[ii]
And this from the New Catholic Encyclopedia:
Worship: In Anglo-Saxon, "weorð-scipe" meant "worth-ship," in which "worth" is to be understood in the sense of value or honor. Worship, therefore, originally meant the state of worth, the quality of being valuable or worthy.[iii]
So what does the second commandment really say? Not only should one not bow or pray to man‑made images (in the manner of many Catholics), but one should not even value these images.
"But we don't value them!" the average Christian responds.
Oh, really? Well, in that case, you won't mind if we just toss them into the garbage or flush them down the toilet. I mean, they're worthless, right? Without value, right? And what do we do with worthless things? We throw them away, don't we?
The point is that, yes, Christians value their images, and in this manner they violate the second commandment.
Does idolatry manifest itself in other ways?
Sure. Ever wonder why people used to (and in some cases, still do) greet upper‑tier clergy, royalty, and members of the social elite as "Your worship?" By this phrase, commoners venerate men and women of high worth, position, and social status. So is that worship? According to the definition of the word, yes. "Your worship" meant "Your worthiness," and conveyed the distinction of high value.
So does this mean the commoners who used this phrase worshipped those they addressed in such a manner? Uh, yes. Yup, that's about it. Not only did they worship them, they idolized them, and we see this dynamic applied as much to music, sports, and movie stars in the present day as we do to clergy, royalty, and the social elite.
"Oh, come on," you might say, "You're being ridiculous."
No, I'm being precise.
I'm not saying God has forbidden us to honor such individuals; I'm just saying that, yes, addressing individuals in such terms as "Your worship" is a form of worship. However, where this crosses the line into the forbidden zone is when people revere others as gods, or grant them the honor and respect reserved for our Creator. Should they prefer these individuals' guidance to the laws and guidance of revelation, they usurp God's authority. Likewise, should they revere such an individual by, oh let's say, claiming him to be infallible or by bowing down to him (even if just to kiss his ring), they grant him the rights and special honor reserved for Almighty God.
In this manner, idolatry does not require a statue, although statues certainly heighten the offense. After all, "idolatry refers to the worship of gods other than the one, true God, and the use of images is characteristic of the life of the heathen."[iv]
It is interesting to have a Catholic encyclopedia provide such a definition, isn't it? Why, we don't even need to read between the lines to realize it is self-condemning!
Unfortunately, many modern Christian denominations justify their practices more on the basis of tradition than scripture. Rarely is scripture given priority over tradition. Examples do exist, however. As recently as the 1500s, the Nestorian Christians of the Malabar Coast in India were presented with an image of the Virgin Mary for the first time. Largely sheltered from European influence, these Malabar Coast Christians had remained ignorant of the changes instituted by the various councils and synods of the European churches. Only with the establishment of sea routes in the sixteenth century did the two begin to interact. As Edward Gibbon noted,
Their separation from the Western world had left them in ignorance of the improvements or corruptions of a thousand years; and their conformity with the faith and practice of the fifth century, would equally disappoint the prejudices of a Papist or a Protestant.[v]
So how did they respond when presented with an image of the Virgin Mary?
The title of Mother of God was offensive to their ear, and they measured with scrupulous avarice the honours of the Virgin Mary, whom the superstition of the Latins had almost exalted to the rank of a goddess. When her image was first presented to the disciples of St. Thomas, they indignantly exclaimed, "We are Christians, not idolaters!"[vi]
It is worth noting that these Malabar Coast Christians were neither incorrect nor alone in their views:
The primitive Christians were possessed with an unconquerable repugnance to the use and abuse of images, and this aversion may be ascribed to their descent from the Jews, and their enmity to the Greeks. The Mosaic law had severely proscribed all representations of the Deity; and that precept was firmly established in the principles and practice of the chosen people. The wit of the Christian apologists was pointed against the foolish idolaters, who bowed before the workmanship of their own hands, the images of brass and marble, which, had they been endowed with sense and motion, should have started rather from the pedestal to adore the creative powers of the artist.[vii]
Or, to put it in simpler and more modern English,
The primitive Christians had attacked image worship as the work of the devil and there had been wholesale destruction of every type of idol when Christianity had at last triumphed. But over the succeeding centuries, the images crept back, appearing under new names but, to the critical eye, with an identical role. It was the Christians of the East who first began to feel that much of the pagan religion that their forefathers had destroyed, at such cost in martyrs' blood, was insensibly being restored.[viii]
Religious art nonetheless was approved at the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE, and idol worship invaded Catholic services from that time on. Gibbon comments:
At first the experiment was made with caution and scruple; and the venerable pictures were discreetly allowed to instruct the ignorant, to awaken the cold, and to gratify the prejudices of the heathen proselytes. By a slow though inevitable progression, the honours of the original were transferred to the copy; the devout Christian prayed before the image of a saint; and the pagan rites of genuflexion, luminaries, and incense, again stole into the Catholic Church.[ix]
Given time (Gibbon continues),
The worship of images had stolen into the church by insensible degrees, and each petty step was pleasing to the superstitious mind, as productive of comfort and innocent of sin. But in the beginning of the eighth century, in the full magnitude of the abuse, the more timorous Greeks were awakened by an apprehension, that, under the mask of Christianity, they had restored the religion of their fathers; they heard, with grief and impatience, the name of idolaters; the incessant charge of the Jews and Mahometans, who derived from the law and the Koran an immortal hatred to graven images and all relative worship.[x]
All whose Christianity was based upon scripture, apostolic example, and the teachings of the prophets opposed the introduction of idol worship. Hence, when Emperor Constantine's congruently named sister, Constantina, requested a representation of Jesus Christ in 326 CE, Eusebius of Nicomedia answered haughtily, "What, and what kind of likeness of Christ is there? Such images are forbidden by the second commandment."[xi]
Over two centuries ago, Joseph Priestley penned a summary that not only explained the history, but also the reason for this corruption of Christian orthodoxy:
Temples being now built in honour of particular saints, and especially the martyrs, it was natural to ornament them with paintings and sculptures representing the great exploits of such saints and martyrs; and this was a circumstance that made the Christian churches still more like the heathen temples, which were also adorned with statues and pictures; and this also would tend to draw the ignorant multitude to the new worship, making the transition the easier.
Paulinus, a convert from paganism, a person of senatorial rank, celebrated for his parts and learning, and who died afterwards bishop of Nola in Italy, distinguished himself in this way. He rebuilt, in a splendid manner, his own episcopal church, dedicated to Felix the martyr, and in the porticoes of it, he had painted the miracles of Moses and of Christ, together with the acts of Felix and of other martyrs, whose relics were deposited in it. This, he says, was done with a design to draw the rude multitude, habituated to the profane rites of paganism, to a knowledge and good opinion of the Christian doctrine, by learning from those pictures what they were not capable of learning from books, of the lives and acts of Christian saints.
The custom of having pictures in churches being once begun (which was about the end of the fourth or the beginning of the fifth century, and generally by converts from paganism) the more wealthy among the Christians seem to have vied with each other, who should build and ornament their churches in the most expensive manner, and nothing perhaps contributed more to it than the example of this Paulinus.
It appears from Chrysostom, that pictures and images were to be seen in the principal churches of his time, but this was in the East. In Italy, they were but rare in the beginning of the fifth century, and the bishop of that country, who had got his church painted, thought proper to make an apology for it, by saying that the people being amused with the pictures would have less time for regaling themselves. The origin of this custom was probably in Cappadocia, where Gregory Nyssenus was bishop, the same who commended Gregory Thaumaturgus for contriving to make the Christian festivals resemble the pagan ones.
Though many churches in this age were adorned with the images of saints and martyrs, there do not appear to have been many of Christ. These are said to have been introduced by the Cappodocians; and the first of these were only symbolical ones, being made in the form of a lamb. One of this kind Epiphanius found in the year 389, and he was so provoked at it, that he tore it. It was not till the Council of Constantinople, called In Trullo, held as late as the year 707 CE, that pictures of Christ were ordered to be drawn in the form of men.[xii]
In 726 CE, a scant nineteen years following the Council of Constantinople, the Emperor of Constantinople, Leo III (also known as Leo the Isaurian, but best known as Leo the Iconoclast) began to destroy images within the expanding circle of his influence. Thomas Hodgkin noted,
It was the contact with Mohammedanism which opened the eyes of Leo and the men who stood around his throne, ecclesiastics as well as laymen, to the degrading and idolatrous superstitions that had crept into the Church and were overlaying the life of a religion which, at its proclamation the purest and most spiritual, was fast becoming one of the most superstitious and materialistic that the world had ever seen. Shrinking at first from any representation whatever of visible objects, then allowing herself the use of beautiful and pathetic emblems (such as the Good Shepherd), in the fourth century the Christian Church sought to instruct the converts whom her victory under Constantine was bringing to her in myriads, by representations on the walls of the churches of the chief event of Scripture history. From this the transition to specially reverenced pictures of Christ, the Virgin and the Saints, was natural and easy. The crowning absurdity and blasphemy, the representation of the Almighty Maker of the Universe as a bearded old man, floating in the sky, was not yet perpetrated, nor was to be dared till the human race had taken several steps downward into the darkness of the Middle Ages; but enough had been already done to show whither the Church was tending, and to give point to the sarcasm of the followers of the Prophet when they hurled the epithet "idolaters" at the craven and servile populations of Egypt and Syria.[xiii]
The irony of Emperor Leo's transition from victor over the Saracens in Eastern Europe to Leo the Iconoclast is inescapable. After he defeated the Muslims, he adopted their drive to abolish idolatry. In any case, Pope Gregory II attempted to dampen Leo's enthusiasm with the following counsel:
Are you ignorant that the popes are the bond of union, the mediators of peace between the East and West? The eyes of the nations are fixed on our humility; and they revere, as a God upon earth, the apostle St. Peter, whose image you threaten to destroy . . . Abandon your rash and fatal enterprise; reflect, tremble, and repent. If you persist, we are innocent of the blood that will be spilt in the contest; may it fall on your own head.[xiv]
As George Bernard Shaw stated in the preface to his play, Saint Joan, "The Churches must learn humility as well as teach it."[xv] No doubt the person who shouts, "Look at how humble I am! Can't you tell I'm the most humble person you ever saw?" is instantly disqualified. More to the point, the pope who sanctioned images while at the same time stating, "But for the statue of St. Peter himself, which all the kingdoms of the West esteem as a god on earth, the whole West would take a terrible revenge"[xvi] should perceive an asteroid-sized theological inconsistency. Exactly who should "reflect, tremble and repent" should be boldly obvious.
That Pope Gregory II and his followers were willing to wage war in defense of their images testifies to the extraordinarily high value (that is to say, the worth, the worthiness—i.e., the worship) they placed on these images. And spill blood they did, to such an extent that the defeat of Leo's army at Ravenna turned the waters of the river Po red. So badly was the river polluted that "during six years, the public prejudice abstained from the fish of the river . . ."[xvii]
When the Synod of Constantinople convened in 754 CE, the Roman Catholic Church staged a boycott due to non-conformity of the Greek Church with Catholic teaching. Or at least, that was the excuse they offered. A more likely scenario, perhaps, was that the Catholics recognized their inability to defend a practice that was scripturally condemned by the Almighty God they claimed to worship.
Nevertheless, the Synod of Constantinople convened without them and,
After a serious deliberation of six months the three hundred and thirty‑eight bishops pronounced and subscribed a unanimous decree that all visible symbols of Christ, except in the Eucharist, were either blasphemous or heretical; that image worship was a corruption of Christianity and a renewal of Paganism; that all such monuments of idolatry should be broken or erased; and that those who should refuse to deliver the objects of their private superstition, were guilty of disobedience to the authority of the church and of the emperor.[xviii]
The fact that the synod exempted the Eucharist from association with paganism is particularly curious to those knowledgeable of ancient Persian and Egyptian rites and rituals. The Persians employed consecrated water and bread in the ancient cult of Mithras.[xix] As T. W. Doane notes in his 1971 study, Bible Myths and Their Parallels in Other Religions,
It is in the ancient religion of Persia—the religion of Mithra, the Mediator, the Redeemer and Saviour—that we find the nearest resemblance to the sacrament of the Christians, and from which it was evidently borrowed. Those who were initiated into the mysteries of Mithra, or became members, took the sacrament of bread and wine. . . .
This food they called the Eucharist, of which no one was allowed to partake but the persons who believed that the things they taught were true, and who had been washed with the washing that is for the remission of sin. Tertullian, who flourished from 193 to 220 A.D., also speaks of the Mithraic devotees celebrating the Eucharist.
The Eucharist of the Lord and Saviour, as the Magi called Mithra, the second person in their Trinity, or their Eucharistic sacrifice, was always made exactly and in every respect the same as that of the orthodox Christians, for both sometimes used water instead of wine, or a mixture of the two.[xx]
The cult of Osiris (the ancient Egyptian god of life, death, and fertility) offered the same allure of an easy salvation as did Paul's concept of salvation through the atoning sacrifice of Jesus. "The secret of that popularity was, that he [Osiris] had lived on earth as benefactor, died for man's good, and lived again as friend and judge."[xxi] The ancient Egyptians commemorated Osiris' birth with a cradle and lights and annually celebrated his alleged resurrection. They also commemorated his death by eating sacred bread that had been consecrated by their priests. They believed this consecration transmuted the bread to the veritable flesh of Osiris.[xxii] If it all sounds familiar, it should, for as James Bonwick comments, "As it is recognized that the bread after sacerdotal rites becomes mystically the body of Christ, so the men of the Nile declared their bread after sacerdotal rites became mystically the body of Isis or Osiris: in such manner they ate their god."[xxiii]
Furthermore, as Bonwick writes,
The cakes of Isis were, like the cakes of Osiris, of a round shape. They were placed upon the altar. Gliddon writes that they were "identical in shape with the consecrated cake of the Roman and Eastern Churches." Melville assures us, "The Egyptians marked this holy bread with St. Andrew's Cross." The Presence bread was broken before being distributed by the priests to the people, and was supposed to become the flesh and blood of the Diety. The miracle was wrought by the hand of the officiating priest, who blessed the food.[xxiv]
In like fashion, ancient Buddhists offered a sacrament of bread and wine, Hindus a Eucharist of soma juice (an intoxicating plant extract), and the ancient Greeks a sacrament of bread and wine in tribute to Demeter (aka Ceres, their goddess of corn) and Dionysos (aka Bacchus, their god of wine). In this manner, they ate the flesh and drank the blood of their gods.[xxv]
The religious parallels are so obvious as to demand explanation. We can reasonably question how the cults of Isis and Osiris placed the mark of St. Andrew's cross on their consecrated bread two thousand years before St. Andrew was born. Clairvoyance on the part of the Egyptians, or religious plagiarism on the part of St. Andrew? In addition, there are striking similarities between the mysteries of Pauline Christianity and those of the cults of Isis and Osiris—mysteries to include the virgin birth (Isis the virgin mother, Horus the child) and the atoning sacrifice of Osiris, followed by his resurrection and assumption of the role of redeemer. Justin Martyr, the famous Christian apologist, dismissed these similarities by claiming that Satan copied the Christian ceremonies in order to mislead the remainder of mankind.[xxvi] However, taking note of the time sequence, these earlier Eucharistic practices and mysteries of faith preceded those of Catholicism by more than two thousand years.
Considering this fact, T. W. Doane reasonably concluded,
These facts show that the Eucharist is another piece of Paganism adopted by the Christians. The story of Jesus and his disciples being at supper, where the Master did break bread, may be true, but the statement that he said, "Do this in remembrance of me,"—"this is my body," and "this is my blood," was undoubtedly invented to give authority to the mystic ceremony, which had been borrowed from Paganism.[xxvii]
Invented statements, in the Bible? How can that be, when all of the gospels record Jesus' words at the paschal meal? Well, all but one, that is. According to John 13:1, Jesus was arrested before the Passover feast. So it's John against the Synoptics. Or, to make the contest even, it's John against Q (abbreviation of the German word Quelle, meaning "source")—the hypothesized common source document of the Synoptic gospels.
Lest anybody misunderstand, Catholics do not tolerate a symbolic interpretation of their sacramental rites. The Council of Trent (1545–63 CE) established laws concerning the alleged transubstantiation of the Eucharist, and these laws stand to this day. Not even the more liberal Second Vatican Council (1962–65) effected a change. In short, the Council of Trent's judgment reads:
Canon 1: If anyone denies that in the sacrament of the most Holy Eucharist are contained truly, really and substantially the body and blood together with the soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ, and consequently the whole Christ, but says that He is in it only as in a sign, or figure or force, let him be anathema.[xxviii]
In other words, anyone who considers the bread and wine of the Eucharist to be merely symbolic is to be anathema (i.e., cursed and excommunicated). This judgment is reinforced by the following:
Canon 6: If anyone says that in the holy sacrament of the Eucharist, Christ, the only begotten Son of God, is not to be adored with the worship of latria,[xxix](EN) also outwardly manifested, and is consequently neither to be venerated with a special festive solemnity, nor to be solemnly borne about in procession according to the laudable and universal rite and custom of the holy Church, or is not to be set publicly before the people to be adored and that the adorers thereof are idolaters, let him be anathema.[xxx]
In other words, those who refuse to adore, venerate, or glorify are to suffer the same fate as those who consider the Eucharist symbolic. These Catholic laws remain on the books to the present day, which explains why so many Protestant denominations have sidestepped away from their Catholic cousins and either abolished or watered-down their veneration of the Eucharist. This reaction is particularly easy to understand, for many pagan cultures taught assimilation of the qualities of the ancestral totem through eating "bread transmuted into flesh." Which group has the real sacred saltine remains the subject of ongoing debate.
Returning to the main subject, the Catholic Church responded to the Synod of Constantinople of 754 CE by calling a second Council of Nicaea in 787 CE. This council reinstated image worship on the basis that "the worship of images is agreeable to Scripture and reason, to the fathers and councils of the church . . ."[xxxi]
Suddenly, the theory that certain eighth-century clergy partook of hallucinogenic mushrooms begins to look pretty good. We have to wonder what apostolic fathers and which scripture this council consulted. For that matter, exactly how is this decision "agreeable to scripture and reason"?
In any case, those religious communities that objected to Christian idol worship were "cleansed" by the Catholic armies. Beginning with the slaughter of Unitarian Christians in the mid-ninth century, Empress Theodora gained the dubious distinction of being the one "who restored the images to the Oriental [i.e., Eastern Orthodox] church."[xxxii] All subsequent efforts to eradicate images in the church were quashed, resulting in the idolatrous practices witnessed to this day.
Of even greater concern is the adoption of human idols. Priest-worship surfaced in the early thirteenth century, in the form of priests acting as intermediaries for confession and absolution of sins. Pope-worship became manifest in the form of ritual kissing of the Pope's foot or ring. The creative doctrine of papal infallibility, as defined by Pope Pius IX at the First Vatican Council in 1869–1870, set the pope as rival with God. The worship of Mary and the title "Mother of God" were canonized considerably earlier, at the Council of Ephesus in 431 CE. Directing prayers to saints, angels and the Virgin Mary was officially sanctioned from the early seventh century. The famous prayer to the Virgin Mary, Ave Maria (Hail Mary), lagged a thousand years behind, and received official formulation in the reformed Breviary of Pope Pius V in 1568. However, among all the human subjects of worship, Jesus Christ is hands down the most worshipped mortal ever to have walked the earth.
A powerful challenge to Trinitarian thought, initially attributed to Theophilus Lindsey (1723–1804 CE) and subsequently argued by Unitarian Christians worldwide, asks how those who worship Jesus would respond, were he to return and pose the following questions:
a) Why did you address your devotions to me? Did I ever direct you to do this, or propose myself as an object of worship?
b) Did I not uniformly and to the last set an example of praying to the Father, to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God? (John 20:17)
c) When my disciples requested me to teach them to pray (Luke 11:1–2), did I ever teach them to pray to myself? Did I not teach them to pray to no one but to the Father?
d) Did I ever call myself God, or tell you that I was the maker of the world and to be worshipped?
e) Solomon, after building the temple said, "Will God indeed dwell on the earth? Behold the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house which I have built" (I Kings 8:27). So how could God ever have dwelt on earth?
These questions are all the more relevant, for Christians expect that when Jesus returns, he will denounce many "Christians" as disbelievers. As stated in Matthew 7:21–23,
Not everyone who says to me, "Lord, Lord," shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of my Father in heaven. Many will say to me in that day, "Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in your name, cast out demons in your name, and done many wonders in your name?" And then I will declare to them, "I never knew you; depart from me, you who practice lawlessness!"
So if Jesus will disown some Christians who prophesied, cast out demons, and performed wonders in his name (i.e., those who say "Lord, Lord"), who are these disbelievers going to be?
Answer: those who "practice lawlessness" (Jesus' words, not mine). And that is the point, isn't it? For what law did Jesus teach? During the period of his mission, "the will of my Father in heaven" was Old Testament law. That is what Jesus taught, and that is what Jesus lived.
So where in his teachings or example did Jesus command servitude and worship of himself? Nowhere. Just the opposite, in fact, for the Bible records him having taught, "'You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only you shall serve'" (Luke 4:8). Furthermore, Jesus reportedly taught, "Why do you call me good: No one is good but One, that is, God" (Matthew 9:17, Mark 10–18, and Luke 18:19), and, "My Father is greater than I" (John 14:28).
Perhaps for these reasons, Christians focused the first eighteen centuries of their worship on the Father, and the Father alone. As Joseph Priestly tells us, praying to Jesus is a modern innovation, distant from both Jesus' teachings and time:
Accordingly, the practice of praying to the Father only, was long universal in the Christian church: the short addresses to Christ, as those in the Litany, "Lord have mercy upon us, Christ have mercy upon us," being comparatively of late date. In the Clementine liturgy, the oldest that is extant, contained in the Apostolical Constitutions, which were probably composed about the fourth century, there is no trace of any such thing. Origen, in a large treatise on the subject of prayer, urges very forcibly the propriety of praying to the Father only, and not to Christ; and as he gives no hint that the public forms of prayer had anything reprehensible in them in that respect, we are naturally led to conclude that, in his time, such petitions to Christ were unknown in the public assemblies of Christians. And such hold have early established customs on the minds of men, that, excepting the Moravians only, whose prayers are always addressed to Christ, the general practice of Trinitarians themselves is, to pray to the Father only.
Now on what principle could this early and universal practice have been founded? What is there in the doctrine of a Trinity consisting of three equal persons, to entitle the Father to that distinction, in preference to the Son or the Spirit?[xxxiii]
What is there, indeed? Priestley records a little-known aspect of Christian history: namely, that up to his time (late eighteenth century) the "general practice of Trinitarians themselves is, to pray to the Father only." Those who draw upon their modern Christian experience might mistakenly believe that the twenty-first century practice of praying to Jesus Christ dates from early Christianity.
Nothing is further from the truth.
For nearly eighteen hundred years following the birth of Christianity, prayers were directed only to God. It wasn't until 1787 when the Moravian Church, a Protestant sect founded in fifteenth-century Bohemia (in what is present-day Czechoslovakia), underwent a profound Pentecostal transformation and began directing prayers to Jesus Christ.
So why, if the three persons of the proposed Trinity are considered coequal, should such a preference for the Father have prevailed? And not just for a decade or two, but for the first eighteen hundred years of Christianity? Unless, that is, a greater lesson is to be learned from the uniformity of early Christian devotions than from the inconsistencies of Trinitarian theology.
Priestley was just one of many who attempted to prevent the derailing of Christian devotions from the Creator to His creation—Jesus, Mary, the Holy Spirit, and the multitude of saints. However, no historical analysis of this subject would be complete without noting that Islam has always maintained a strictly monotheistic, iconoclastic faith, as described by Gibbon:
The Mahometans have uniformly withstood the temptation of reducing the object of their faith and devotion to a level with the senses and imagination of man. "I believe in One God and Mahomet the apostle of God," is the simple and invariable profession of Islam. The intellectual image of the Deity has never been degraded by any visible idol; the honours of the prophet have never transgressed the measure of human virtue; and his living precepts have restrained the gratitude of his disciples within the bounds of reason and religion."[xxxiv]
[i] Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 1997. Tenth edition. Merriam-Webster, Inc.
[ii] Ayto, John. 1991. Bloomsbury Dictionary of Word Origins. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Limited.
[iii] New Catholic Encyclopedia. 1967. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America. Vol 14, p. 1030.
[iv] Ibid., Vol 7, p. 348.
[v] Gibbon, Edward, Esq. 1854. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London: Henry G. Bohn. Vol. 5, Chapter XLVII, p. 263.
[vi] Ibid.
[vii] Ibid., Chapter XLIX, p. 359.
[viii] Chamberlin, E. R. 1993. The Bad Popes. Barnes & Noble, Inc. p. 11.
[ix] Gibbon, Edward, Esq. Vol. 5, Chapter XLIX, p. 361.
[x] Ibid., p. 365.
[xi] Hodgkin, Thomas. 1967. Italy and Her Invaders. Vol. VI, Book VII. New York: Russell & Russell. p. 431.
[xii] Priestley, Joseph, LL.D. F.R.S. 1782. An History of the Corruptions of Christianity. Birmingham: Piercy and Jones. Vol. 1; "The History of Opinions relating to Saints and Angels," Section 1, Part 2— "Of Pictures and Images in Churches." pp. 337–339.
[xiii] Hodgkin, Thomas. Vol. VI, Book VII, p. 431.
[xiv] Gibbon, Edward, Esq. Vol. 5, Chapter XLIX, pp. 376–7.
[xv] Shaw, George Bernard. 1924. Saint Joan. Preface.
[xvi] Labbe, P. Venice, 1728–1733. Sacrosancta Concilia. Vol. VII, p. 7.
[xvii] Gibbon, Edward, Esq. Vol. 5, Chapter XLIX, p. 379.
[xviii] Ibid., p. 369.
[xix] Bonwick, James, F.R.G.S. 1956. Egyptian Belief and Modern Thought. Colorado: Falcon's Wing Press. p. 417.
[xx] Doane, Thomas W. 1971. Bible Myths and Their Parallels in Other Religions. New York: University Books. pp. 307–308.
[xxi] Bonwick, James. p. 162.
[xxii] Ibid., p. 163.
[xxiii] Ibid., p. 417.
[xxiv] Ibid., pp. 417–418.
[xxv] Doane, Thomas W. pp. 305–309.
[xxvi] Ibid., p. 307.
[xxvii] Ibid., p. 312.
[xxviii] Schroeder, Rev. Henry J., O.P. 1941. Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent (Original Text with English Translation). London: B. Herder Book Co. p. 79.
[xxix] latria, the worship or adoration owed to God alone, as opposed to dulia (the honor given to the saints) and hyperdulia (the honor given the Virgin Mary) – McBrien, Richard P. (General Editor). 1995. HarperCollins Encyclopedia of Catholicism. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
[xxx] Schroeder, Rev. Henry J. p. 80.
[xxxi] Gibbon, Edward, Esq. Vol. 5, Chapter XLIX, p. 397.
[xxxii] Ibid., Vol. 6, Chapter LIV, p. 242.
[xxxiii] Priestley, Joseph. 1786. The Theological and Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Priestley. Edited by John Towill Rutt. Hackney: George Smallfield. Vol VI, p. 29.
[xxxiv] Gibbon, Edward, Esq. Vol. 5, Chapter L, p. 533.
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The cottages are modern, clean and comfortable. The owners are helpful and friendly. The outdoor play equipment, pool and play barn are fantastic to keep the kids entertained. We had some lovely days out nearby and would definitely visit again.
A lovely place to stay especially if you have children. There are plenty of things to keep them occupied and the cottages and grounds are kept to a very high standard.
Well located for various attractions with lots of brochures provided to give you ideas of places to go.
We had a great holiday thank you!
What more could you want from these beautiful barns. The swimming pool was great, play barn caters for all ages, outside space to run around in, animals, lovely walks.
Nearby beaches a short drive at waxham and winterton are excellent! Also Seals at horsey well worth a visit.
Thank you Jill (owner) we had a great time, we hope to see you again soon.
We had an excellent stay at lower wood farm and had both Bramley and Braeburn booked out for the week. The owners were very accommodating and even put on a halloween event for the children. The accommodation is very well equipped with all the essentials and more. The welcome tray was lovely and plenty of towels were provided. It would be nice if more toilet roll etc were provided throughout the week to save a trip to purchase some! The lighting good be better in Braeburn it was very dark even with all the lights on!
The beds were comfortable and bedrooms were lovely dark. The play barn is excellent with many toys and games provided.
Great location with ease to get around the local area, although many things were shut whilst there due to end of season we still found plenty to do. Lovely holiday and we hope to return at some point.
We have just had the most wonderful week staying in Bramley Cottage. We were a family of four staying with a 5 year old and a 2 year old. The cottage was set up so well for children. The cot provided was a wooden cot, so it fitted our tall 2 year old. He slept fantastically all week. The single beds were provided with a bed guard and waterproof mattress protector- great touches so we didn't have to bring our own. Plastic cuterly, plates and cups were provided. Even a step, nappy bin and night lights. It made packing and travelling with little ones so much easier. Our cottage was immaculate and had absolutely everything you could need for a week away.
The facilities on site were just brilliant. The pool is warm and immaculate. It was great you could dry and leave your swimming towels and costumes at the pool. The boys loved the pool and the fact they could have a swim before breakfast.
The indoor playbarn was amazing, our two couldn't believe all the toys and spent a wet couple of hours on our arrival playing away. The outdoor play facilities and bikes were a huge hit too.
The whole complex is kept in immaculate condition and is safe for the little ones to run around. All the staff we met and chatted to were very friendly and conveyed a warm Norfolk welcome.
We thoroughly enjoyed our stay and look forward to returning in the future.
Superb place to stay for families, especially with young children.
The facilities were excellent and very clean.
Third time staying at Lower Wood Farm, first time in Bramley cottage. We had a great stay again, everything was excellent and we have already booked again for next year.
Absolutely excellent for anyone with small children. Lovely indoor and outdoor facilities. Really twin friendly too.
An amazing holiday cottage with first class facilities. The pool was the perfect temperature for little ones and the changing area was immaculate. Playbarn and outside play areas were great and this was the most relaxing holiday we have had with our children. Please can you think about putting a couple of balance bikes to your collection. Thank you so much for such a great holiday.
Lovely relaxing long weekend at lowerwood farm. We have stayed several times before and keep coming back. It is peaceful and relaxed setting with clean and comfortable accommodation. The children always enjoy the pool and seeing the horses. Beaches are only a short drive away and weather permitting are always a nice day out.
Plenty to do on site plus great location for visiting various attractions within an easy hour's drive. Highlight was seeing seals at 0800 on Horsey Beach. Also great breakfast at Dune Cafe, Winterton beach.
Slight boiler issue resolved swiftly once we made Jill aware - handy to have her on site.
Jill and her team go out of their way to make your stay perfect, cakes on arrival, and a personal welcome as we got there.
The cottage was beautiful, clean and has everything you need; you can even get supermarket shopping delivered to the cottage.
The location is good, and while we stayed mostly on site this visit, the cottages are within easy distance of good pubs, restaurants and entertainment. Walks from the site are good. On site the pool and genes room are great, never to busy and fab for the kids.
For us, a family of three generations, the single storey arrangement of converted barns around a warm, indoor swimming pool and a well stocked play barn, with swings and slides outside, was ideal. The furnishings were quite spacious and comfortable and there was plenty of hot water and central heating if needed. The surrounding countryside is attractive. A car is needed as the nearest shops are a couple of miles away. Lower Wood Farm is efficiently managed.
Very good cottage, packed with nice touches such as a nappy bin, step fir the sink etc. Very clean and facilities outside cottage outstanding. Good for my 2 yo, lots of running around and toys to play with.
Love Norfolk and Lower Wood Farm is definitely a hidden gem in Norfolk's crown! Great for children - wide open spaces for lots of playtime. Great for oldies - lots of walks and watching the sunset.
We loved our stay at Lower Wood Farm. As a family with two young toddlers we found the cottage (Bramley) to be perfect with everything we could possibly need for our stay.
The facilities and grounds are all beautiful. Jill clearly runs a tight ship and it's clear to see the amount of care and maintenance that goes into keeping the place immaculate. The pool is gorgeous and kept lovely and warm, we pretty much had it to ourselves each time we used it. The playbarn had every possible toy/tractor/dolls house/book to keep little ones happy for hours, whilst the outside play area was also fab with lots to do. There are also bikes of all sizes you can just help yourself to, it seems they've thought of everything.
It is perfectly positioned too with plenty to do within a short drive as well as lovely walks straight from your door.
We holiday every year in Norfolk and Lower Wood Farm is without doubt the nicest place we have stayed.
Lovely stay , excellent place to stay.
Everything clean as you would expect.
Stayed in Bramley cottage for 5 days over NYE -a group of 3 adults, 2 children and an infant. Very comfortable cottage with plenty of space, beds were comfortable although very high off the ground for the young children but just a minor point. We were very helpfully given a bedguard to ensure their safety. KitChen was well stocked and plenty of storage in every room.
We absolutely loved the facilities in the grounds, the pool is lovely and the perfect size for all the guests, we swam at least once a day! Very organised with changing areas and clothes drying area. Children loved the play barn as well and it was great to have somewhere to escape to on rainy days. Everywhere was clean and tidy and well thought out. We hope to return one Summer so we can enjoy the beautiful outside spaces too!!
Excellent facilities. The swimming pool and play barn are fantastic. Everything thought of in the cottage to make a stay with small children very easy. Would be great for groups of families too.
Came with my wife and children aged 4 and 7. The cottage was very clean and in a quiet location in the Norfolk countryside about 2 miles from the coast. Its a short drive into Caister.
The play barn is great for the kids and even adults as it has pool table and table tennis, games, toys and a sitting area. Swimming pool was good to have too and the kids loved going and having a swim every day. Had the pool to ourselves most of the time.
Large outside play area too with lots of activities to keep the kids occupied.
The owner Jill even organised a trick or treat event while we were there which was really good.
Great place to come with your kids.
Very comfortable and we hope to return next year. The swimming pool was excellent and Jill was very friendly, as was the gardener. Very good facilities, the cottage was a home from home.
We decided not to holiday abroad with our 20 month old, and having been to centre parcs before, were looking for a holiday with more for younger children to do. Lower wood farm was perfect - everything is tailored for young families. Our daughter loved playing with all the toys in the play barn, swimming in the pool and on the swings and climbing frame in the gardens. We were lucky that the weather was great and we could explore the beaches and local area too. We stayed for a week, and loved it. Everything is spotless and well maintained, and our cottage was comfortable with all necessary amenities. We will be back!
We have just returned from Lower Wood Farm and are already looking at dates to go back again! It was lovely. A really nice clean, well-equipped, comfortable cottage to use as a base for our holiday. We used the on-site swimming pool every day - it was so handy and we usually had it to ourselves. The kids also loved the play barn and the outdoor play facilities - all perfect for toddlers which made it easier for the adults to relax too. We would highly recommend Lower Wood Farm to anyone with young children looking for a clean and comfortable home from home.
A wonderful location with great facilities.
Jill was accommodating and able to deal with our queries and was helpful with suggestions as well as managing our group booking.
The facilities at the location are excellent and the place is immaculate. We enjoyed ourselves so much we may well head back again next year!
Lovely, clean, comfortable cottage with excellent facilities on site for all ages. Easy access for the Broads and the coast. We would definitely hope for a return visit in the future.
This was our fourth visit to Lower Wood Farm. In reality, those 9 words tell you all you need to know. On each visit our children (now 2.5 and 5.5 years old) have had a fantastic time which means we have too. Bramley Cottage is very homely and the kids love the pool, play barn and outdoor toys. What I especially like is that Gill constantly reinvests in the business so appliances get replaced and new toys arrive so we have never felt that our loyalty was being taken for granted. Gill herself is quite amazing - amuse yourself by counting how many different jobs you can spot her doing during your stay!
This is our second visit to Lower Wood Farm and a year on everything was still in excellent condition in the cottage with little sign of wear and tear. As before the cottage was spotless and the welcome cakes were delicious. My children adore the swimming pool and the play barn and whilst we had a couple of wet days where we didn't go off site it didn't matter as we spent all our time in making use of the brilliant facilities. We hope to return again next year.
We actually stayed in Braeburn Barn - there was a problem with the hot water in Bramley that couldn't be fixed until the day after our arrival so we were given the option of changing cottage. Not the owners fault, she hadn't been told by the previous occupants that there was a problem and she did everything she could to ensure our holiday wasn't affected! Excellent place to stay, lovely clean and comfortable cottage. Nice location and swimming pool was great. The owner, Jill was very friendly and helpful. Would highly recommend this place!
We had a lovely few days and found the cottage and surrounding areas delightful. The pool was very enjoyable warm and very inviting. The accommodation was excellent and we would return with no hesitation. A wonderful time had by all.
We loved Lower Wood Farm. The cottage was lovely, absolutely spotless and yummy cakes and tea on arrival. Our 18 month old was well catered for and loved the playbarn, outdoor play area and swimming pool. We used the catering service on the first night which was delicious. Brilliant time. Wish we could have stayed longer.
We had the most wonderful family get together. The cottages were outstanding in cleanliness and comfort and the facilities were of a very high standard. The five children from 3 to 10 years were kept happy all weekend because there were so many things to do. It was nice not to use the cars at all.
Beautiful cottages and surroundings. The children loved it.
Beautiful and spacious cottage set in lovely grounds of lower farm. Great to have the playbarn, park and swimming pool at easy access. We really enjoyed our stay.
An enjoyable stay, thoroughly enjoyed by all. The cottage was exceptionally clean and comfortable. I will be recomending this to friends and family.
Once again we have had a lovely two weeks at Lowerwood Farm. Well cared for accommodation with friendly onsite help if needed. The pool is fantastic and a treat to use especially if the weather is not at its best - the play barn and outdoor equipment keep the younger members of of our party amused. Quiet country walks away from the bustle and traffic. Already looking forward to our next visit.
We are a family of 5, kids aged 5, 3 and 1 and Lowerwood Farm is a brilliant place to stay and has plenty to keep them entertained in rain or sunshine. We stayed there with family with older children, 9 & 11 and they were well entertained aswell. The pool facilities are excellent with easy to enter stairs which are great for young kids - do take your own flotation aids - and well thought out and provisioned changing area.
The play barn is extremely well stocked for young children it would be nice to be able to take a cup of tea or coffee but no food or drink is allowed, this is a very minor gripe as it's no hardship go back to your cottage for refreshments.
Although situated down a quiet farm track the supermarket is only 5-10 min easy drive (we saw Tesco, Sainsbury and Waitrose delivering). The location is further down the Norfolk coast than we have previously been and we preferred the more northerly beaches but Lowerwood facilities are perfect for our current needs and are well thought out with loads to do.
Everything about Lower Wood Farm was perfect, the cottage we stayed in was immaculate, had everything we needed and felt very spacious even though it was one of the smaller properties.
Whilst we went out and about during our stay the children would have been quite happy to never leave the Farm with all the toys and the playbarn to enjoy. The swimming pool was the icing on the cake and again was immaculately clean.
Whilst every cottage was occupied none of the communal areas felt cramped or noisy. Jill was a super host and the welcoming tea and cakes was a wonderful gesture.
We would definitely return again and have told friends and family about our stay.
We had a lovely week at Bramley Cottage, Lower Wood Farm with our 1 and 4 year olds. The accommodation was excellent, catering perfectly to families. We particularly appreciated the swimming pool and play barn. And the location is perfect, with lots to do within a half an hour drive. Thank you!
Amazing facilities, we had a great stay. Our cottage was lovely and our boys had a a fabulous time. We were also near the beach so has a fun family day out.
The location & extensive children's facilities make this the perfect place for a relaxing family break.
Swimming pool & playbarn keep young children amused, whatever the weathet.
The accommodation is a real home from home for any family.
We came down for a wedding with family and friends. It rained a lot, but the great facilities, with the pool and play barn, meant it did not matter. Our granddaughter had a wonderful time and would have happily lived here. This must be a great place when the weather is better as there is so much outside space as well.
Thank you for your review. We are so lucky to be located in a wonderful area. So pleased you had an enjoyable stay.
This is the second time that we have [ wife & 2 grandchildren ] stayed at Lower wood farm, and as before, it was the same high standard. Short break stay and one day the weather was terrible, but with the games room and the pool on hand we had plenty to keep ourselves occupied.
Lovely place, nice and quiet, would recommend Lower Wood Farm to anyone.
Lovely to meet you again. Thank you for completing our review.


▪ Which of the following is true of a target cell?
cells ________ to release more compound _________.
▪ While membrane depolarizations can be variable, all action potentials are the same.
▪ Voltage gated Na+ channels have ____ gates.
▪ The movement of _ and results in _ causes an EPSP.
Does this post-synaptic cell fire an action potential?
horizontal cells are involved in the integration of sensory information.
space between the Z-lines will decrease.
In a normal cell which of the following statements is correct: the membrane potential is negative. In a portal system how many capillary beds does the blood flow through as it travels from the heart back to the heart: 2. Two epsps decrease the membrane potential by 15mv each and one ipsp increases the membrane potential by with a 15mv. The amacrine cells are responsible for amplifying the stimulus energy: false, during sensory adaptation your response to a stimulus, decreases, the central nervous system (cns) consists of, the brain and spinal cord, the somatic division. During a muscle contraction the: false space between the z-lines will decrease, true. Class questions: when a platelet contacts a damaged blood vessel, it is stimulated to release thromboxane a2. It in turn stimulates vascular spasms and attracts additional platelets to the injured site. Where would you expect to find the receptors for: assume there are 100 different cell-signaling compounds in you.
[BIOL 1201] - Final Exam Guide - Ultimate 140 pages long Study Guide!
[BIOL 1201] - Midterm Exam Guide - Ultimate 44 pages long Study Guide!


You often hear of people who are said to have "a good eye"
but Robert Kime's must surely be one of the best.
Robert Kime, uniquely among decorators, has risen to eminence in the profession via antique dealing, textile collecting and an abiding passion for putting rooms together. His three strands of expertise run side by side as he creates decorating schemes for an illustrious, discreet and world-wide clientèle.
Access to some of Robert's unique product collections can be found below.


text:
Dr Anthony Harvey is Editor of the Royal Irish Academy's Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Celtic Sources (DMLCS) and Project Leader of the St Patrick's Confessio Hyperstack activity (www.confessio.ie). He has been part of the DMLCS project since 1985 and Editor since 1990. He holds a PhD in early medieval Irish and British linguistics and literacy from Cambridge University's Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, where he had previously gained his MA, and has lectured and published widely on these subjects as well as on matters of Latin philology. He teaches conversational Welsh informally in Dublin, and has served as Chairman of the Classical Association of Ireland. He is currently on the advisory boards of several scholarly journals and dictionary projects at home and abroad.
Research Interests: Application of computers to dictionary-making, Medieval Latin and Celtic literacy and linguistics, Modern Celtic languages.


Things to watch whilst transiting: Cool LAT video taken hundreds of feet above DTLA from a crane working on the under-construction Wilshire Grand.
Things to read whilst transiting: NASA gently pushes back at climate change deniers on its Facebook page, so points out the Huffington Post.
Deputies found two men on the Wardlow Station platform at 2:14 a.m. — one was deceased and the other fled and was apprehended. The final train to serve Wardlow on weekdays is 2 a.m.
The Wardlow Station was closed for the morning commute — as of 1 p.m. it's still closed — and buses replaced trains between Willow and Del Amo. For the latest service alerts, check either the metro.net homepage or follow Metro's Twitter feeds — the general feed or the service alert-only feed. UPDATE: The station has reopened for the Friday afternoon commute.
After a train-car collision on Western Avenue this week, a USC engineering professor renews a call for crossing gates at all Expo Line intersections to prevent cars from driving and/or turning onto tracks. Expo Line Construction Authority officials say that trains run slower and are controlled by traffic signals in street-running segments, which are common on many light rail lines in the U.S.
A press ride with two Metro Board Members and other officials was held Thursday to encourage riders to try the express bus between the Orange and Red Line stations in North Hollywood and the Gold Line in Pasadena — with stops at the Burbank Media District and downtown Glendale.
Here's the rub: the new express bus is a six month pilot program and officials say it needs to generate 1,750 daily riders to be continued. In its first month of service, the bus got about 500 daily riders. Those numbers need to rise, says Metro Board Members Paul Krekorian and Ara Najarian, in order to convert the line to a true bus rapid transit project. That project, btw, is due to get some funding from the potential sales tax ballot measure that Metro is considering to put before voters in November.
Here's our post about the event, including a news release and info on transfers from the express bus to other buses and rail.
Related: Metro Board Member Michael D. Antonovich introduced a motion to study an east-west rapid bus line along Osborne and Nordhoff streets in the San Fernando Valley in order to better serve CSUN.
L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti reiterated his support for the potential ballot measure that Metro is considering. Click above to read the text — go to page 34 for the section on transportation.
The largest and busiest transit agency in the country has decided not to supply financial support for the American Public Transportation Assn., an industry trade group that most transit agencies (including Metro) support.
The purported reasons: New York MTA doesn't feel that APTA is fighting hard enough in D.C. for more federal funding for transit (although federal spending has increased over the past 25 years) and the New York MTA has little influence in the group despite its high ridership.
RE: crossing gates. You can't have things both ways. If you have crossing arms, lights and bells (which I believe should happen on all at-grade Metro crossings), they create noise — there's no way to get around it. On the other hand, they prevent idiots from driving where they shouldn't be, ignoring traffic lights, and causing accidents. The choice is obvious to me but I also admit that I don't live next to the trains. Greatest good for the greatest number, IMHO.
The USC professor is just covering for incompetent drivers. Drivers have an Obligation to anticipate if they can cross an intersection safely, whether it is a roadway or rail line (CVC 22450, 22451). Nevertheless, I wish Metro would add some old school 'warning light bars' that span the entire roadway with flashing lights as more insurance against 'ambulance chasers'.
Note – the above WaPo link is for the way more dysfunctional DC METRO, not LAC.
LADOT already runs a commuter express between pasadena and noho, so I am not sure why metro needs to duplicate the route.
Metro's bus provides much more frequent service throughout the day.
Steve, Is the BLUE LINE ever going to be a RESPECTABLE route that people can feel RELATIVELY safe to use?
I wonder if better signage guiding riders to the 501 bus at both North Hollywood/Zev Yaroslavsky and the two Pasadena stations, plus perhaps an inclusion on the basic system map would help.
In addition, if this is to be a continuation for the Orange Line to Pasadena, it might be nice to have the bus bay be as close as possible to either the Red Line Headhouse or the Orange Line loop. Why not even have it use the Chandler Bus Way and offer a single seat ride from Chatsworth or Warner Center to Pasadena, with the 501 buses running as limited stop service on the Bus Way?
Interesting suggestions. I'm not sure, but I think there's currently a limit to the number of buses that can use the busway due to traffic signal timing issues.


Clay and Pottery Camp at SBAP is a one-of-a-kind camp that takes place in St. Louis in a real pottery studio. Students will experience art camp and pottery taught from the perspective of a resident teaching artist. Clay Campers will spend part of their day hand-building, and part of their day learning to throw on the potters wheel. Students will explore, design, and MaKe each week with unique concepts and themes. All summer art camps are one week in length Monday thru Friday, register for each week individually.
Scroll down to learn more about camp themes, how to register or apply for a scholarship.
Each week of Fashion Design Camp represents a different head to toe look. When designing head to toe students spend time creating from their core as a way to express who they are.


I have a sheet were I display items using year month and day in the columns. But all the month are displayed in Dutch instead of English while my Tableau is in English as well. My operation system is in Dutch.
Does anybody know how I can make sure these month are displayed in English?
Under Date & time, select Additional date, time, & regional settings.
On the next window, select Language.
On the left side of the window, select Change date, time, or number formats.
Another window will pop up. Under Formats tab, click the drop-down arrow for Format.
Thanks a lot for your Time Ken. We are a small group of Cluster headache patients (also called suicide headaches) We try to setup our own patient driven research.
I hope you will follow us and help us with other questions as well. We are new to Tableau.
But we've already collected over 10.000 datapoints about our disese progression and on monthly base we recieve more.
I was looking at your website and saw this message about casualties in 4 regions in the world.
How do you create a image like that that still stays interactive?
Great. Is this answers your questions would you be so kind as to mark my response as the correct answer? This will close the thread and make it easier for others to find answers to similar questions in the future.
Im intrigued by your project. I'd love to hear more about it.
Great website by the way...!
this one yes. But I think I understand already. This is what you can publish on the tableau platform, looking at the url.
About our project. I hope we can find solutions for our problems. But all patients with chronic conditions can collect symptoms and treatments so I hope to show other patientgroups that it is possible to do your own research. I'm sure a lot of people here would love to help solve questions patients have about their data or disease progression. Send me a PM if you want any other Info about the project, the data etc.


Jan 96 – Oct 97 Artillery Officer Course (Idar Oberstein, Germany).
Sep 02 – Jun 04 Mykolas Romeris University (Master).
Aug 14 Aug 17 Staff Officer, Deputy MilRep (Military Policy, Defence Planning), NATO HQ, Brussels, Belgium.
Medal of Merit of Lithuanian Armed Forces.
Married to Eglė; five children: Mantas, Ieva, Saulė, Ugnė and Rasa.


First, I would like to apologize to anyone who tried to contact me during the past few months and didn't receive a reply.
My world came crashing down on November, 2, 2018.
I have been fighting a battle with bladder cancer since 2005. I am now 78. I lost my left kidney to a tumour in 2013 and have carried on with one kidney. It's been slowly downhill with several operations, stents, catheters and finally a neurostomy tube to drain directly from my kidney. When my specialist determined that the cancer had spread to my prostate it was decided to install an ileal conduit and put me on a urostomy bag. In simple terms, create a new pathway with a piece of my bowel from my remaining kidney to a hole in my stomach.
However, when my surgeon cut me open he found that my renal system was so badly damaged, especially the ureter from the kidney, that the only solution that would give me any quality of life was to remove everything and put me immediately into hemodialysis.
Hemodialysis is one of two methods to clean waste from the blood and remove water. The easier method, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is probably not an option for me because of all the scar tissue from abdominal operations in the past. Therefore, for the rest of my life, I need to give up 4 hours 3 days a week for dialysis. My nearest hospital clinic for now is an hour a way.
The good news is I have 4 days a week to be normal and 3 days a week to go to my "job", having my blood cleaned.
I feel very lucky that I an a model railroader. I have the camaraderie of my club members. I can still play with trains, both on my HO railroad and on my outdoor G scale. I can watch my grandson grow up with Thomas and his love of trains. I can stay occupied building things and improving the layouts. I can still learn how to draw buildings for our NMR club layout on our 3D printer. I can railfan, albeit no trips away longer than 2 days.
During dialysis I can read my many train books and magazines, browse the NMRA and other websites or watch videos. I never need to be bored. And I can continue to work on this website to help other modellers enjoy the hobby.
Is there any better and more satisfying hobby in the world? If you have medical problems, aren't you glad you became a model railroader?
Four days a week to play.
Hemodialysis is a small price to pay.


text:
A hőáramlás vagy konvektív hőátadás a hőátadás olyan formája, amely során a hő átadása hőt felvevő, felmelegedő részecskék tovaáramlásával zajlik. Például a lábasban melegített víznél a lábas forró aljánál lévő vízrészecskék előbb hőt vesznek fel a lábas aljától, felmelegednek, majd a részecskék felfelé áramlanak, ahol fokozatosan átadják a hő egy részét a távolabbi, hidegebb vízrészecskéknek. A hőáramlás az áramlás eredete szerint két fő típusba sorolható:
 szabad vagy természetes konvekció: Az áramlást nem külső erő hozza létre, hanem az áramló közeg belső állapotából adódik, illetve abból, hogy a közegben az állapotjelzők lokálisan eltérnek, és ez hőmérsékleti gradienst, nyomási gradienst, sűrűségi gradienst hoz létre.
 mesterséges konvekció: Az anyagot, és azzal együtt a hőt, valamilyen külső erő mozgatja, például pumpa vagy ventilátor által.

Emberi időskálán légnemű vagy folyékony közeg áramlása a jellemző, de hosszú idő távlatában a szilárd anyag is hasonlóan viselkedik. Erre példa a földköpeny, amelynek nagy része bizonyítottan szilárd halmazállapotú, mégis megfigyelhetők benne a sűrűségkülönbségből adódó anyagáramlások.

Hőáramlás elvén működnek a konvektor fűtőtestek.

Hőtan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I've painted my way through half of the 72 demons from the ancient text of the Ars Goetia. The finished 5 1/4 x 7 1/4 inch paintings can be seen at my other art blog "The Mutated Skeleton Cave". For any fans of Monster Brains that are interested, I've decided to sell individual paintings for 15 dollars plus shipping instead of the regular 20 dollars. Check the Skeleton Cave to see which paintings are still available and to see further details. Contact me at evilenergy@yahoo.com and be sure to say you're interested in the Monster Brains discount.
Awesome blog. It's great to see so much monster and Lovecraft obsession culled into one place. I drew some mummies from Imprisoned With the Pharaohs, Link here if you're curious.
I'll be checking back. Keep up the monster roll!


text:
What is 'play' and 'playfulness', and what does it mean to join either term together with learning?
Sefton-Green, Julian (2017) What is 'play' and 'playfulness', and what does it mean to join either term together with learning? Parenting for a Digital Future (07 Mar 2017). Website.
Julian Sefton-Green explores what play is and what play is not, and whether it truly is 'the work of the child'. Julian is an independent scholar working in education and the cultural and creative industries. He is currently leading the project Preparing for Creative Labour and is a principal research fellow at the Department of Media & Communication, LSE, a research associate at the University of Oslo and visiting professor at The Playful Learning Centre, University of Helsinki.
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/parenting4digitalfuture/
© 2017 The Author(s) CC BY 3.0; Online
L Education > LD Individual institutions (United States)
Departments > Media and Communications
Collections > Parenting for a Digital Future


The 'HARTAL' is a great challenge against 'The Constitution of India'. The constitution guarantees every citizen of India, the right of freedom.
While the constitution guarantees the protestors the freedom of speech and expression,freedom to assemble, to form associations or unions; it guarantees something to me too. How can a political party stop me from moving freely? How can it deny practicing my profession?
The worst condition occurs when people who support 'hartal', stop vehicles on roads. They stop even the emergency services, like the ambulance. There are cases of patient's death because of being trapped in a 'hartal'. These 'hartal' may be called by silly political parties for silly reasons, which never affect the common people.
According to 'The Constitution of India', the fundamental rights can be infringed only during a state of emergency. And all other practices of restricting citizen's freedom are direct violations of 'The Constitution of India'.
Apart from this, the protestors destroy the public properties, cause a large loss to the economy of the country directly and indirectly by denying people to work.
So, I request all of you to support this petition towards freedom.
Suraj Nair needs your help with "Supreme court: No Harthal No Nuisance". Join Suraj and 91 supporters today.