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Philippine Laws »
GR No. 222523: JOSE JOHN C. GUERRERO v. PHILIPPINE TRANSMARINE CARRIERS
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Author Topic: GR No. 222523: JOSE JOHN C. GUERRERO v. PHILIPPINE TRANSMARINE CARRIERS (Read 447 times)
[ GR No. 222523, Oct 03, 2018 ]
JOSE JOHN C. GUERRERO v. PHILIPPINE TRANSMARINE CARRIERS +
PERALTA, J.:
Before the Court is a petition for review on certiorari seeking to reverse and set aside the September 10, 2015 Decision[1] and the January 14, 2016 Resolution[2] of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 132711.
The case traces its roots to a Complaint[3] filed by petitioner Jose John C. Guerrero (Guerrero) for permanent and total disability benefits, compensatory damages, exemplary damages, moral damages and attorney's fees against respondents Philippine Transmarine Carriers, Inc. (PTCI), Celebrity Cruises (CC), and/or Carlos Salinas (Salinas) [collectively, respondents].
A series of conferences between Guerrero and respondents were held before the Labor Arbiter (LA), but the parties failed to reach an amicable settlement. Hence, the LA required the parties to submit their respective position papers.
In his Position Paper,[4] Guerrero alleged that on August 15, 2011, he was employed by PTCI, represented by its President, Carlos Salinas, on behalf of its principal, CC, as a Casino Dealer on board the vessel GTS Constellation for a period of six (6) months with a basic monthly salary of US$255.00. Prior to embarkation, he underwent pre-employment medical examination at Metrics Center, Makati City, and was declared "fit to work as a seaman." He boarded the vessel on October 12, 2011. His duties and responsibilities as a casino dealer include having an understanding of all the games he will operate, dealing cards, distributing dice, operating game apparatus such as roulette wheel or baccarat wheel, as well as keeping an eye on patrons to make sure they are not cheating, and the gamblers are having a good time.
Guerrero averred that: sometime in January 2012 during a gastro-intestinal outbreak in the ship, he and other crew members were tasked and ordered to bring elderly guests out of the ship through wheelchairs; since the platform was not levelled with the ship's door exit, and the bridge connecting the platform and the door exit was too steep, they decided that the best way to move and transfer the elderly passengers was by pulling the wheelchairs; while he was pulling a wheelchair with a passenger, a sudden motion occurred which caused him to lose his balance but managed to prevent the wheelchair, the passenger and himself from falling; in order to keep the passenger safe, he had to push the wheelchair really hard to gain control over it; after said incident, he started experiencing back pains which he just ignored due to the demands of his work as a casino dealer; to manage his back pain, he took mefenamic acid tablets and applied pain relieving liniment and hot water on the painful area; and later, his back pain became unbearable prompting him to consult the doctor of the vessel who prescribed him pain reliever medication and sleeping pills.
While his vessel was docked at a port in the Caribbean, Guerrero underwent a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) procedure at the Isle Imaging Center of St. George, Caribbean, and after which, the attending physician made the following Impression: Findings revealed changes of Lumbar Spondylosis involving L2-3, L3-4, L4-5 disc causing of compression of left L5 and bilateral L4 roots as described. No cords conus abnormality seen.[5] In view of his medical condition, he was recommended for medical repatriation. Upon his arrival in Manila on March 26, 2012, Guerrero immediately reported to respondents and was referred to the Manila Doctors Hospital and the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) for post-employment medical examination and for further treatment. He underwent a series of physical therapy sessions at the Orthopedics Department of the PGH under the supervision of the company-designated physician/surgeon, Dr. Adrian Catbagan (Dr. Catbagan). On October 19, 2012, a major surgery called Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion L3-L4 & L4-L5 was performed on Guerrero by Dr. Catbagan at the Manila Doctors Hospital. On November 19, 2012, Dr. Catbagan issued a Medical Certificate[6] stating that Guerrero was confined at the Manila Doctors Hospital on October 19, 2012 and was discharged on November 9, 2012 with the following final diagnosis: Degenerative Disc Disease & Disc Herniation L3-L4 & L4-L5 Moyamoya Disease, resolved. After Guerrero's surgery, he continued his therapy sessions with Dr. Catbagan until January 15, 2013.
Guerrero alleged that since the pain still persisted notwithstanding the medical procedures performed on him, he consulted, on January 17, 2013, Dr. Cesar H. Garcia (Dr. Garcia), an orthopedic surgeon/bone and joint disease, who issued on even date a medical certificate[7] declaring him "UNFIT for further sea service in whatever capacity as a SEAFARER." Guerrero alleged that despite his permanent unfitness for further sea service as determined by his physician, respondents failed to compensate him of permanent and total disability benefits. He maintained that he sustained a spinal injury due to an accident arising out, and in the course of, his employment.[8]
In their Position Paper,[9] respondents maintained that Guerrero is not entitled to disability benefits because he sustained the alleged injury during an incident at the crew gym. Respondents adduced in evidence documents denominated as Crew Injury Statement,[10] dated March 22, 2012, and Personal Injury Illness Statement[11] in support their submission.
Respondents alleged that the essential duties of Guerrero as a Casino Dealer are reflected in the Job Description Manual. They contended that going to the gym and the use of gym facilities are not part of Guerrero's job and could not have any relation to his duties as a Casino Dealer. Respondents theorized that disability benefits are compensable only when the seafarer, such as Guerrero, suffers work-related injury or illness during the term of his contract. They posited that Guerrero's injury is not compensable since it has not arisen from a work-related incident. Respondents alleged that Guerrero's claim for damages and attorney's fees are bereft of any factual and legal basis stressing that they had faithfully complied with their contractual obligation to him and had even provided him with extensive medical attention for humanitarian consideration. By way of counterclaim, respondents alleged that the filing by Guerrero of a baseless complaint tarnished their reputations and were constrained to engage the services of an attorney to protect their rights. For these reasons, they prayed that they should be awarded damages of P200,000.00 attorney's fees and cost of litigation in the sum of P400,000.00.[12]
The LA Ruling
On February 28, 2013, the Labor Arbiter rendered a Decision[13] declaring that PTCI and CC are solidarily liable for disability compensation to Guerrero. The fallo of the Decision states:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered ordering respondents PHILIPPINE TRANSMARINE CARRIERS [INC.]/CELEBRITY CRUISES, jointly and severally, liable to pay JOSE JOHN GUERRERO the amount of US DOLLARS: SIXTY THOUSAND (US$60,000.00) or its peso equivalent at the prevailing rate of exchange at the time of actual payment representing his total permanent disability benefits and attorney's fees.
Mr. Carlos Salinas is hereby EXCLUDED/DROPPED as party-respondent in this case.
All other claims are DISMISSED for lack of merit.
SO ORDERED.[14]
The LA ruled that although Guerrero's injury had resulted from a gym incident, the same would not release respondents PTCI and CC from their liability for disability benefits. It held that Guerrero's medical condition has rendered him permanently incapacitated to be a seafarer, as found by his chosen physician, Dr. Garcia. Lastly, it observed that Guerrero has been incapacitated to work for more than 120 days from the date he was repatriated and seen by the company-designated physician.
Not in conformity, respondents PTCI and CC filed a joint appeal before the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) praying for the reversal and nullification of the February 28, 2013 Decision of the LA .and for the dismissal of Guerrero's complaint for lack of merit.
The NLRC Ruling
On July 31, 2013, the NLRC rendered a Decision[15] reversing February 28, 2013 Decision of the LA. The NLRC disposed the case as follows:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the appealed decision is hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE, and the case DISMISSED for UTTER LACK OF MERIT.
The NLRC ruled that Guerrero is not entitled to disability benefits and payment of his other monetary claims because his injury is not work-related or not an injury sustained while working on-board the vessel. The NLRC added that apart from Guerrero's assertion, no other evidence was adduced to support and corroborate his "wheelchair theory," which incident allegedly caused his injury.
Guerrero's motion for reconsideration was denied by the NLRC in its September 13, 2013 Resolution.[17]
Aggrieved, Guerrero assailed the NLRC Decision and Resolution via a petition for certiorari filed before the CA, ascribing grave abuse of discretion on the part of the NLRC in denying his claim for permanent and total disability benefits and for attorney's fees.
The CA Ruling
In its September 10, 2015 Decision, the CA resolved to deny the petition for certiorari based on the same ratiocinations the NLRC had rendered. The dispositive portion of the Decision reads:
WHEREFORE, in the light of all the foregoing, the petition is hereby DENIED. Accordingly, the Decision dated 31 July 2013 and Resolution dated 13 September 2013 issued by public respondent National Labor Relations Commission, Second Division, in NLRC LAC No. 05-000495-13 are hereby AFFIRMED.
The CA held that the challenged decision of the NLRC was in accordance with law and prevailing jurisprudence and that no grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction can be imputed against said labor tribunal.
Guerrero filed a motion for reconsideration, but the same was denied by the CA in its January 14, 2016 Resolution.
Unfazed, Guerrero filed the present petition insisting that he is entitled to disability benefits as well as to the award of damages and attorney's fees.
The Court's Ruling
The petition is devoid of merit.
From a perusal of the arguments raised by Guerrero, it is quite apparent that this petition is raising a question of fact inasmuch as this Court is being asked to revisit and assess anew the uniform factual findings of the CA and the NLRC that his injury was not work-related. Guerrero is fundamentally assailing the findings of the CA and the NLRC that the evidence on record does not support his claim for disability benefits. In effect, he would have us sift through, calibrate and re-examine the credibility and probative value of the evidence on record so as to ultimately pass upon whether or not there is sufficient basis to hold PTCI and CC accountable for refusing to pay disability benefits to him under the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration's (POEA's) "Amended Standard Terms and Conditions Governing the Employment of Filipino Seafarers On-Board Ocean-Going Vessels," which is deemed written in his contract of employment. This clearly involves a factual inquiry, the determination of which is the statutory function of the NLRC.[19]
Elementary is the principle that this Court is not a trier of facts, and this applies with greater force in labor cases; only errors of law. are generally reviewed in petitions for review on certiorari criticizing decisions of the CA. Factual questions are for the labor tribunal to resolve.[20] Moreover, findings of fact of quasi-judicial bodies like the NLRC, as affirmed by the CA, are generally conclusive on this Court.[21] Accordingly, the instant petition' must be dismissed outright as it raises a question of fact.
Even if the Court is willing to overlook this procedural lapse, the present petition would just the same fail.
We carefully examined and evaluated the records of this case. Try as we might, however, this Court failed to identify any error committed by the CA in declaring that the NLRC did not commit grave abuse of discretion in dismissing Guerrero's complaint. Likewise, the Court sees no reason to disturb the similar factual findings of the CA and the NLRC regarding the non-work relatedness of the subject injury of Guerrero.
For disability to be compensable, two elements must concur: (1) the injury or illness must be work-related; and (2) the work-related injury or illness must have existed during the term of the seafarer's employment contract.[22] Work-related injury pertains to injury(ies) resulting in disability or death arising out of, and in the course of, employment.[23] Jurisprudence elucidates that the words "arising out of" refer to the origin or cause of the accident, and are descriptive of its character, while the words "in the course of" refer to the time, place, and circumstances under which the accident takes place. As a matter of general proposition, an injury or accident is said to arise "in the course of employment" when it takes place within the period of the employment, at a place where the employee reasonably may be, and while he is fulfilling his duties or is engaged in doing something incidental thereto.[24]
Work-relatedness of an injury or illness means that the seafarer's injury or illness has a possible connection to one's work, and thus, allows the seafarer to claim disability benefits therefor. The oft-repeat d. rule is that whoever claims entitlement to the benefits provided by law should establish his or her right thereto by substantial evidence.[25] Thus, the burden is placed upon Guerrero to present substantial evidence, or such relevant evidence which a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to justify a conclusion that there is a causal connection between the nature of his employment and his injury. The onus probandi fell on Guerrero to establish his claim for disability benefits by the requisite quantum of evidence that would serve as basis for the grant of the relief.
Unfortunately, Guerrero utterly failed to prove a reasonable connection between his work as a Casino Dealer and his alleged lumbar disc injury. Apart from his bare allegation that he sustained an injury sometime in January 2012 while assisting an elderly passenger on a wheelchair to disembark from the vessel in compliance to an order from the management, no other competent and independent evidence was proffered to substantiate and to corroborate his foregoing claim. We cannot overemphasize that self-serving and unsubstantiated declarations are insufficient to establish a case where the quantum of proof required to establish as fact is substantial evidence.[26] Awards of compensation cannot rest entirely on bare assertions and presumptions.[27]
On the other hand, respondents were able to expose the falsity of Guerrero's story when they submitted in evidence the Crew Injury Statement dated March 22, 2012, which contained Guerrero's admission to the effect that the subject injury resulted from his gym workout. For clarity, we hereto quote Guerrero's relevant narration of the gym incident which was written entirely in his own handwriting, thus:
On JAN 22, I went to the gym to do my usual workout after that I felt pain on my lower back. I went to see a doctor on that day and gave me 24 hrs. to rest after that I go back to work, but everytime I bend, I felt something painful on my left buttock so I decided to see the doctor again on March 4 after that the pain keeps coming back ever since.
Were you on duty at the time of the injury? No. It's my long break. I decided to go to gym to keep myself fit & healthy.
Please state what you could have done to avoid the accident? Do proper workout.[28]
The occurrence of the aforesaid incident was confirmed in a document denominated as Personal Injury Illness Statement which provided, inter alia, the following:
Brief Desc: Persistent painful lower back since heavy lifting in crew gym
Incident cause: SPORTS RELATED
Primary Factor: HUMAN ERROR
Lighting Type: Artificial Light-Bright
Location Condition: Clean
Involved Equipment Desc: gym
Equipment Condition: Good Working Order
Protective Gear Desc: Did Not Wear
These documentary evidence effectively belied Guerrero's insistence that he incurred the injury during the wheelchair incident. Guerrero's strenuous physical activity consisting of frequent bending and improper lifting of heavy objects during his routine workout at the crew gym on January 22, 2012 produced extreme torsional stress on his back which caused his subject injury. As aptly contended by the respondents, there is nothing in the Job Description Manual which states that part of Guerrero's duty as a Casino Dealer is to go to the crew gym and use its facility for his physical workout. Verily, Guerrero failed to prove work-causation of the subject injury. It may not be amiss to state at this juncture that the LA, the NLRC and the CA have similarly concluded that Guerrero's injury resulted from his crew gym workout on January 22, 2012.
Guerrero's contentions that his disability is permanent and total because Dr. Catbagan, the company-designated physician, failed to issue a medical certificate as to his fitness for work resumption or disability within the 240-day maximum period, and because his chosen physician, Dr. Garcia, issued a medical certificate finding him unfit for further service as a seafarer, would not advance his cause against the respondents.
To begin with, these arguments offered by Guerrero via the present petition were not raised before the labor tribunal and, thus, cannot be considered on appeal. It is well settled that matters that were neither alleged in the pleadings nor raised during the proceedings below cannot be ventilated for the first time on appeal and are barred by estoppel.[29] Points of law, theories, issues, and arguments not brought to the attention of the trial court ought not to be considered by a reviewing court, as these cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. To consider the alleged fact and argument belatedly raised would amount to trampling on the basic principles of fair play, justice, and due process.[30]
Further, the Court finds that the declaration of Dr. Garcia in the medical certificate that Guerrero is "UNFIT for further sea service in whatever capacity as a SEAFARER" leaves much to be desired. Said medical certification was not supported by any relevant and necessary diagnostic tests and/or procedures. No medical records or other sufficient proof was adduced to justify the above-mentioned pronouncement/diagnosis. It bears stressing that Dr. Garcia issued the medical certificate on the very same day that he was consulted by Guerrero. It is undisputed that the recommendation of Dr. Garcia was based on a single medical report which outlined the alleged findings and medical history of Guerrero despite the fact that said physician examined Guerrero only once. In the absence of adequate tests and reasonable findings, Dr. Garcia's assessment should not be taken at face value. At best, Dr. Garcia's medical certificate was merely concerned on the examination of Guerrero for purposes of diagnosis and treatment and not for the determination of whether the latter incurred a disability.
At any rate, any further discussion as to whether Guerrero suffered a permanent and total disability which entitles him to disability benefits, would be a mere surplusage. The medical certificate issued by Dr. Garcia and the alleged failure of Dr. Catbagan to issue the pertinent medical certificate within the maximum period of 240 days, are of no use and will not give Guerrero that cause of action he sorely lacked at the time he filed his complaint. His injury is not work-related, hence, not compensable.
Lastly, the Court observes that Guerrero proffered varying narrations/versions as to how he allegedly incurred his injury. In his Position Paper, Guerrero alleged that he sustained his injury when he lost his balance while assisting an elderly passenger on a wheelchair to get off the vessel as required by the management, but was able to regain equilibrium by pushing the wheelchair really hard. However, he gave Dr. Catbagan a different account by stating that he started feeling the back pain "after doing exercise at the gym" and this was reflected in the Medical Abstract/Discharge Summary.[31] Meanwhile, in his Comment/Opposition to Respondents-Appellants' Memorandum of Appeal,[32] Guerrero modified his version of the incident by adding that he heard a snap on his back while trying to maneuver the wheelchair and that "the gym incident was only the aggravating factor to complainant's severe back pain."[33] But in this present petition, Guerrero alleged:
Sometime in January 2012, he was involved in a medical call due to gastro-intestinal problem of an elderly. Together with a fellow crew, they placed the elderly on a wheelchair, but due to big waves, the vessel suddenly swayed before they could pass the platform of the bridge. As a consequence, petitioner was out of balanced and fell with his back landed first on the metal floor.[34]
Nowhere in any of his pleadings filed before the labor tribunals and the CA was there any mention that Guerrero accidentally fell with his back hitting the metal floor during the wheelchair incident. His conflicting and inconsistent statements cast serious doubt on the veracity of his wheelchair theory. Obviously, Guerrero willfully made such false statements in his futile attempt to deceive the labor tribunals, the CA and this Court that he suffered a work-related injury so as to obtain a favorable judgment. Thus, for not coming to court with clean hands and in order to prevent him from profiting from his own deception, basic rules of fair play dictate that we should deny his claim for disability benefits all the more.
Viewed in the light of the foregoing, the CA correctly ruled that no grave abuse of discretion can be attributed to the NLRC in dismissing Guerrero's complaint. The special civil action for certiorari under Rule 65 is intended to correct errors of jurisdiction or grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction.[35] Grave abuse of discretion means such capricious or whimsical exercise of judgment which is equivalent to lack of jurisdiction.[36] To justify the issuance of the writ of certiorari, the abuse of discretion must be grave, as when the power is exercised in an arbitrary or despotic manner by reason of passion or personal hostility, and it must be so patent and gross as to amount to an evasion of a positive duty or to a virtual refusal to perform the duty enjoined, or to act at all, in contemplation of law, as to be equivalent to having acted without jurisdiction.[37]
In the case at bench, Guerrero failed to demonstrate that the dismissal of his complaint by the NLRC was tainted with grave abuse of discretion or that the NLRC had no jurisdiction to order the same. On the contrary, the dismissal was proper and warranted since Guerrero has no cause of action against the respondents. We are so mindful that the respondents have exerted real efforts to extend medical assistance and even paid for all the expenses incurred in the course of the treatment of Guerrero. There is nothing on record that would justify a compensation on top of the aid and assistance already extended to him.
Let it be underscored that the constitutional policy to afford full protection to labor is never meant to be a sword to oppress employers. While the Court is committed to the cause of the labor, the same would not deter us from sustaining the employer when it is correct and proper. It must be emphasized that justice is, in every case, for the deserving and must be dispensed with after a thorough scrutiny and circumspect evaluation of the established facts, the applicable law/s and the·prevailing jurisprudence.
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the petition is DENIED. The Court of Appeals Decision dated September 10, 2015 and Resolution dated January 14, 2016 in CA-G.R. SP No. 132711 are hereby AFFIRMED.
A. Reyes, Jr.,** and J. Reyes, Jr., JJ., concur.
Leonen, J., on wellness leave.
Gesmundo, J., on official business.
NOTICE OF JUDGMENT
Sirs / Mesdames:
Please take notice that on October 3, 2018 a Decision, copy attached hereto, was rendered by the Supreme Court in the above-entitled case, the original of which was received by this Office on October 15, 2018 at 2:35 p.m.
Very truly yours,
WILFREDO V. LAPITAN
Division Clerk of Court
** Designated additional member per Special Order No. 2588 dated August 28, 2018.
[1] Penned by Associate Justice Sesinando E. Villon, with Associate Justices Rodil V. Zalameda and Pedro B. Corales, concurring; rollo, pp. 15-25.
[3] Id. at 85-86.
[4] Id. at 89-111.
[7] Id. at 121-124.
[10] Id. at 157.
[11] Id. at 158-160.
[13] Penned by Labor Arbiter J. Potenciano F. Napenas, Jr., id. 187-195.
[15] Penned by Commissioner Teresita D. Castillon-Lora, with Presiding Commissioner Raul T. Aquino and Commissioner Erlinda T. Agus, concurring; id. at 339-357.
[16] Rollo, pp. 356-357.
[18] Id. at 24.
[19] CBL Transir, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission, 469 Phil. 363, 371 (2004).
[20] Alfaro v. Court of Appeals, 416 Phil. 310, 318 (2001).
[21] Acevedo v. Advanstar Company, Inc., 511 Phil. 279, 287 (2005).
[22] Magsaysay Maritime Corporation v. National Labor Relations Commission, 630 Phil. 352, 362-363 (2010).
[23] NYK-Fil Ship Management, Inc. v. Talavera, 591 Phil. 786, 800 (2008).
[24] Racelis v. United Philippine Lines, Inc., 746 Phil. 758, 768 (2014).
[25] InterOrient Maritime Enterprise, Inc. v. Creer III, 743 Phil. 164, 183 (2014).
[26] Ceriola v. NAESS Shipping Philippines, Inc., 758 Phil. 321, 337 (2015).
[27] Leonis Navigation Co., Inc. v. Obrero, 794 Phil. 481, 488 (2016).
[28] Rollo, p. 157.
[29] Commissioner on Internal Revenue v. Puregold Duty Free, Inc., 761 Phil. 419, 434-435 (2015).
[30] Ayala Land Inc. v. Castillo, 667 Phil. 274, 297 (2011).
[31] Rollo, p. 119
[34] Id. at 34. (Underscoring ours).
[35] Saludaga v. Hon. Sandiganbayan 4th Division, 633 Phil. 369, 383 (2010).
[36] Feliciano v. Villasin, 578 Phil. 889, 905 (2008).
[37] Julie's Franchise Corp. v. Hon. Judge Ruiz, 614 Phil. 108, 116 (2009).
Lineage Life and Labors of Jose Rizal, Philippine Patriot
Started by Ligalig-Mike on Philippine Laws


We've confirmed our plans for the club Christmas event to be at The Five Bells in Harmondsworth on Wednesday 20th December. We will have the Club's traditional mile event from 18:00 - Steve Newell will be measuring the course to ensure that it is the same length as the old Parkway Mile course and confirming that the air quality is at least to the same high standard. Then from 19:30 we'll be in The Five Bells with a Christmas Buffet - we may charge a small fee (say £5 a head) to upgrade to a better quality of Mince Pies. I've set-up a Facebook event for this with a nice picture of us on the beach https://www.facebook.com/events/353247041804420/ .
Also don't forget to fill in (or complete) your survey responses at https://www.surveymonkey.co.uk/r/ZRNWX6K . A few people started but didn't finish - perhaps put off by the SurveyMonkey interface graying out the question. The club committee will consider the responses next week. PS - I remembered to fill in the survey myself yesterday!
Oh and a final reminder that the retired runners lunch is on 5th December and anyone who hasn't told Steve Newell that they want to come should do so without any further delay.
After pathfinding runs at Bedfont and Cranford earlier in the Autumn, the Five Mile Handicap series saw a more routine run on 22nd November.
Old Age, injuries and shift-work reduced the field to four runners who completed the full course.
There are still four rounds remaining and with the best four scores to count it is not too late to join in and still win. The next run is scheduled for Wednesday 13th December at Cranford. Availability of changing rooms and showers on that day will be included in the the Digest on 11th December.
It is a long way off but the 2018 WARR is already open for registration. Visit the WARR website to register: http://worldairlineroadrace.org/ . Prices are 50US$ for the races and 60US$ for the awards evening. Charges are non-refundable but can be transferred for $3.95.
September 22nd 8:00 AM DST - Renton parkrun and opportunities to explore the Seattle area. This is my pre-WARR parkrun plan.
September / October - Kite surfing opportunities - Victoria is one of the best kite surfing spots in the world and our former colleague Daniela Mayerova, who now works for a kite surfing company, expects to be there and should be able to offer inside information and offers on local kite surfing schools.
October 1st 6:00 AM MDT - Rocky Mountaineer Train Departs from Vancouver - this is a WARR special for a five day train tour across the Rockies from Vancouver to Calgary - see: http://worldairlineroadrace.org/news-and-events/things-to-see.... Not cheap, but perhaps a good rate on a once-in-a-lifetime activity. I've registered for this. There is also a two day option which is cheaper, but poorer value.
October 7th - Victoria Marathon (with relay event plus half marathon, 8k road race and kids run) - see https://www.runvictoriamarathon.com/races/ . Piers Keenleyside has already entered the Marathon.
there is one in the same park so you could parkrun, have breakfast, go Xmas shopping in Croydon and get back in time for the race.
For those unfamiliar with the venue or with sat. navs. CR0 4RW is the postcode for Roundshaw Downs near the start but if you are coming from the Epsom direction you may wish to park near SM6 9DZ(only a short walk away).
Saturday was the third time that the club has had a featured parkrun at Bedfont Lakes. So how have we done over the years? The table and graph gives you the answer - note that I've included performances for runners who are NOW members of the club even if they weren't then. As you can see it hasn't all been downhill - at least as many of us have improved as have got slower and Bob Bannister ran his all time parkrun PB on Saturday on his 292nd run, his 247th at Bedfont Lakes. Bob was also too quick for the photograph!
Don't forget that you'll be able to get some additional parkruns under your expanded belt this Christmas time. On Christmas Day you can get a run in before driving home for Christmas with the family. Amongst many others venues include Northala Fields (I'll try to give you a goodtime...as time keeper on the day), Bushy, Woodley and with 9:30 starts both Homewood and Fulham Palace.
On New Year's Day they will crank up the parkrun computers another notch or two and enable you to record TWO different parkruns in the same morning. Start times are staggered to make this possible (and to confuse those still staggering from the previous night's celebrations). New Year's Day is a good opportunity to visit parkruns the other side of London without being on the road to hell in traffic on the way home. My challenge as always is to find two parkruns I've not yet run that are both near to each other and with differing start times. Currently I'm seeing Castle Park (start time 08:30) as a good candidate for my first run of the day and year.
Not all parkruns have yet declared whether (and when) they are operating on these two dates - as well as needing to ensure they have enough volunteers they may need to get permission from councils and other organisations.
Of course these parkruns are in addition to the regular Saturday parkruns. If the weather turns, remember to check the cancellation lists - perhaps as the last thing you do before setting off. Last Saturday the wet and cold spell caused the cancellation of 58 UK parkruns.
Next Saturday Louise Plank is planning her 100th run and has arranged for a £10 donation to a defibrillator fund for Pitshanger junior parkrun for every runner who is a first timer at Gunnersbury. So if you've never been to Gunnersbury before, think about it, you could be extending some young life in the future by decades. The exercise has been labelled as the...wait for it...Plank Ton.
The Perivale Five may be full up but there is time to get a registration in for another popular run in the area - the Harrow Hill 10k road race. If you enjoy long downhill runs then this could be a race for you although be warned that whatever comes down must also go up and in the case of the Harrow the up comes first.
Ed: The photograph shows six Himalayan Rex rabbits. If they are from the Himalayas perhaps they would have coped well with the parkrun conditions?
Sun.26th Nov. at Battersea Park with a 8.30AM start (OUCH!) Julie Barclay/Paul Watt ran the Self Transcendence 10k around the nicely tarmacked path of 4 laps. A well organised and recommended event.
With 3 weeks slightly increase in training both aiming 10min laps for a PB. The final lap being 400/500m longer Julie had a brilliant run to achieve a life time best of 42.45 (previous best being 43.28 at WARR Chicago) also today finished 1st 0/50 with age graded 84.5%. Paul on target after the third lap but said he was losing his pace rapidly over the final lap to finish in 44.50 (69.6%). His best being 44.28 so obviously disappointed but will return after a rest.


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В список вошли все лауреаты и номинанты премии «Золотая малина» за худший фильм. Эта категория относится к основным и вручается ежегодно с 1981 года.

Лауреаты и номинанты
Здесь приведён полный список номинантов.

1980—1989

1990—1999

2000—2009

2010—2019

2020—н.в.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Razzie Awards/IMDb

Номинации кинопремии «Золотая малина»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Extract all words from a string and create a column with the result I have a data frame (data3) with a Column named "Collector". In this column i have alpha numeric characters. For example: "Ruiz and Galvis 650". I need to extract the alpha characters and the numeric characters separately, and create two new columns, one with the numbers of that string (ColID) and another one with all the words (Col):
INPUT:
Collector                       Times     Sample
Ruiz and Galvis 650             9         SP.1
Smith et al 469                 8         SP.1

EXPECTED OUTPUT
Collector                       Times     Sample     ColID    Col
Ruiz and Galvis 650             9         SP.1        650     Ruiz and Galvis
Smith et al 469                 8         SP.1        469     Smith et al

I have tried the following but when I try to save the file I get an error (Error in .External2(C_writetable, x, file, nrow(x), p, rnames, sep, eol,  :
  unimplemented type 'list' in 'EncodeElement'):
regexp <- "[[:digit:]]+"
data3$colID<- NA
data3$colID <- str_extract (data3$Collector, regexp)

data3$Col<- NA
regexp <-"[[:alpha:]]+"
data3$Col <- (str_extract_all (data3$Collector, regexp))
write.table(data3, file = paste("borrar2",".csv", sep=""), quote=T, sep = ",", row.names = F)

A: The problem is that str_extract_all doesn't find just a single string, but a list of multiple. For example:
> dput(str_extract_all("Ruiz and Galvis 650", "[[:alpha:]]+"))
list(c("Ruiz", "and", "Galvis"))

A data frame with nested elements (as above) apparently cannot be saved to a file.
If, however, you update the regex pattern to match spaces as well as letters, you can go back to using str_extract instead:
> dput(str_extract("Ruiz and Galvis 650", "[[:alpha:] ]+"))
"Ruiz and Galvis "

Note the space in the second regex. This matches all the letters/spaces as one string and will allow you write the data.frame to a file.

A: If your data is as uniform as your example shows then this is another option:
library(stringi)
library(purrr)
library(dplyr)

df <- data.frame(Collector=c("Ruiz and Galvis 650", "Smith et al 469"),
                 Times=c(9, 8),
                 Sample=c("SP.1", "SP.1"),
                 stringsAsFactors=FALSE)

stri_match_first(df$Collector, regex="([[:alpha:][:space:]]+) ([[:digit:]]+)") %>%
  as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors=FALSE) %>%
  select(Col=V2, ColID=V3) %>%
  bind_cols(df) %>%
  select(-Collector)
##               Col ColID Times Sample
## 1 Ruiz and Galvis   650     9   SP.1
## 2     Smith et al   469     8   SP.1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kansas became a state in 1861. It is the birthplace of Amelia Earhart. The State Animal is the buffalo. The graham cracker was named after Reverend Sylvester Graham of Kansas. Pizza Hut opened its first store in Wichita, and the first dial phone was invented in El Dorado. Serving ice cream on cherry pie was once illegal in Kansas. Kansas was the first state to give African American men the right to vote.
View all Kansas Lawyers or browse by county.
Lawyer.com makes finding Kansas Lawyers fast and easy. Search for an attorney in Kansas by top Kansas cities or by your specific city. Or search for Kansas attorneys by county. Or refine your search for Kansas lawyers by legal practice area. Find a quality and affordable lawyer by reviewing detail profiles for Kansas attorneys. Many Lawyer.com featured Lawyers in Kansas will offer free legal consultations and all have Kansas law expertise.


Mystery of the tree that started to sprout lemons!
conservatory.So when she noticed yellow fruit hanging alongside the oranges, she assumed they would turn the right colour as they ripened. But the 48-year-old, who has gardened as a hobby most of her life, was stunned when the fruit remained yellow and ballooned into the size and shape of lemons.
The 3ft high plant now has about 25 oranges and four lemons hanging from its branches.
Mrs Nisbet, a staff nurse and mother-of-three from East Lothian, Scotland, bought the tree for £15 at a garden centre nine years ago. It now takes pride of place in her conservatory as she has numerous visitors coming to see the curious fruit.
'A lot of people have come round, including gardeners. They're all baffled by it,' she said.
While she admits she has not yet tasted the lemons, she said:'They're shaped like American footballs. They're definitely lemons.
However, Neil Fishlock, head of horticulture at Dobbies, where Mrs Nisbet bought the tree, believes he has solved the puzzle.
He said: 'It's a grafted tree and a shoot has popped out where the orange tree was encouraged to fuse with a lemon tree. Anything grafted can sprout spontaneously below the join on the stem but it's unusual.
FOOTNOTE : COULD IT BE A COINCIDENCE THAT THIS MAGICAL TREE IS GROWING IN THE SAME ROOM, WHERE JULIET & BRUCE PRACTICE AND WRITE THEIR SPIRITUAL SONGS, " A COMFORTING THOUGHT "


It will be a data-packed week for Japan, the Eurozone and the United States in the next seven days with Japanese industrial production, Eurozone flash inflation and US NFP report among the major releases. Also headlining will be the latest manufacturing surveys out of China and the Reserve Bank of Australia's March policy meeting.
Japanese data will start the week on Monday with the release of industrial production and retail sales numbers for January. Industrial production is forecast to rebound by 3.3% in January from the previous month, after declining by 1.7% in December. On Tuesday, unemployment and household spending figures are published. Both sets of data have been in focus in recent months as the Bank of Japan has pinned its inflation outlook on wage growth and consumer spending picking up. The unemployment rate is expected to stay unchanged at 3.3% in January, while household spending is forecast to increase for a second consecutive month, by 0.3% month-on-month.
In China, the official February PMI readings as well as the Caixin PMIs are published. The official manufacturing and non-manufacturing PMIs from China's National Bureau of Statistics are out on Tuesday. February's manufacturing PMI is forecast to worsen slightly to 49.3. This would mark a seventh straight month of contraction. The Caixin manufacturing PMI is not expected to bring any relief either as it's forecast to decline to 48.2 in February. Investors have been growing increasingly uneasy about China's economy as the manufacturing sector remains in the doldrums. Markets have been disappointed with the lack of bolder policy actions by Chinese authorities, putting pressure on the yuan, which has been steadily depreciating against the dollar since mid-February.
A number of key indicators for the Eurozone are likely to be closely eyed by the European Central Bank next week ahead of the March 10 policy meeting. The flash CPI estimate for February is forecast to come in at 0% year-on-year versus 0.3% in January. Core CPI is also forecast to weaken slightly, declining from 1.0% to 0.9%. The ECB has grown increasingly concerned about declining inflation expectations and is likely to weigh its options carefully when it meets the following week. Euro area unemployment figures will follow on Tuesday where no change is expected at 10.4%. Also to watch for the Eurozone are the latest producer prices on Wednesday, and retail sales figures and final February PMIs on Thursday.
In the US, survey data such as the Chicago and ISM PMIs will be watched, particularly the ISM ones which have been below expectations in recent months. The ISM manufacturing PMI is due on Tuesday and is forecast to show a small improvement from 48.2 to 48.8 for February. The index slipped below 50 in November and has remained below that level since. On the other hand, the ISM non-manufacturing PMI has kept in expansion territory above 50 but has been on a downtrend since the second half of 2015. It is forecast to improve slightly to 54.0 in February when published on Thursday. The other major release out of the US is the all-important non-farm payrolls report on Friday. Non-farm payrolls are forecast to rise by 195k in February versus 151k the prior month. The unemployment rate is expected to stay at 4.9%, while average earnings are forecast to rise by 2.5% annually. The labor market is one of the few areas of the US economy that's been a constant bright spot, making the dollar sensitive to any deviations of the NFP from the expected reading.
The coming week could also prove crucial for the Australian dollar as the Reserve Bank of Australia will hold its March policy meeting. Consensus estimates are for the cash rate to stay unchanged at 2.00% when the RBA announces its decision on Tuesday. The central bank has recently adopted a more neutral tone as domestic demand has proved resilient to the slowing Chinese economy and further rate cuts are likely be dependent on inflation weakening further. This has helped halt the aussie's slide against the US dollar. Also to watch will be the fourth quarter GDP data. The Australian economy is forecast to expand by 0.5% quarter-on-quarter in the final 3 months of 2015, slower than the 0.9% rate seen in the third quarter.
Lastly, it will be a quieter week for the UK with only the PMI data to preoccupy sterling traders. The manufacturing PMI out on Tuesday is expected to ease to 52.2 in February, while the services PMI out on Thursday is forecast to slow to 55.1. Only the construction PMI is expected to show increased activity. It is forecast to edge up to 55.5 when released on Wednesday.


text:
HollywoodNews.com > Brad Falchuk
Tag Archives: Brad Falchuk
"Glee" actress speaks out about bullying in Hollywood
Also tagged: editor, Entertainment/Culture, GLEE, Human Interest, music, Nicole Crowther, series, Singers, Spin, Tweet
HollywoodNews.com: After wrapping her new film "Spin", actress Nicole Crowther finally feels comfortable enough to respond to the firestorm that erupted from an innocent tweet that revealed the ending of the popular Prom episode of Fox's hit show 'Glee'. 'Glee' writer, producer and creator Brad Falchuk took to the offensive by[...]
"Glee" update: Chord Overstreet is out while Lea Michele, Chris Colfer and Cory Monteith still in
Mon, Jul 25 2011
Also tagged: blond actor, Chord, Chris Colfer, Entertainment/Culture, GLEE, Human Interest, Pilot, series
HollywoodNews.com: Okay, it's getting really confusing over at Glee in terms of which cast members are staying with the show. TV/Line reports from Comic-Com that Chord Overstreet was invited back as a guest star for 10 episodes with the possibility of becoming a full-fledged regular in the future. The blond actor with[...]
'Glee's' Chord Overstreet not interested in coming back to show
Also tagged: Awards Movies News Award, breaking news, Entertainment news, Entertainment/Culture, executive producer, GLEE, Hollywood, hollywood news, Human Interest, News Hollywood Awards, Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, series, Twitter Inc
HollywoodNews.com: When Chord Overstreet was let go from the 'Glee' cast he was later offered a recurring guest star role, but he is apparently not interested. Executive producer Brad Falchuk revealed that Overstreet will not be taking up the offer, states Just Jared. "[H]e decided he would have opportunities elsewhere that he[...]
Lea, Cory and Chris Are Not Done With 'Glee'
Sun, Jul 24 2011
Also tagged: Chris Colfer, Cory Monteith, Entertainment/Culture, executive producer, GLEE, Human Interest, lea michele, Mass media, Pilot, Preggers, series, Television in the United States
HollywoodNews.com: Apparently, 'Glee' actors, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith and Chris Colfer aren't leaving the show after all. On Sunday at Comic-Con in San Diego, executive producer, Brad Falchuk reportedly dispelled rumors of their departures and confirmed that they are not done with the show. Falchuk clarified that just because they are[...]
'Glee' spoiler as prom queen and king are revealed by extra
Also tagged: breaking news, Entertainment, Entertainment news, Entertainment/Culture, GLEE, Hollywood, hollywood news, Human Interest, King, Movies News Award, Nicole Crowther, producer, Prom, Queen, queen and king, series, Twitter Inc
HollywoodNews.com: It sounds like there may be a little bit of trouble on the set of 'Glee' as it seems an extra has revealed the prom queen and king over Twitter. Extra Nicole Crowther apparently thought it was a good idea to spoil the big moment, states HollywoodLife. Crowther posted the[...]
'Glee' not planning a Bruce Springsteen tribute
Fri, Oct 15 2010
Also tagged: breaking news, bruce springsteen, Digital Spy, Entertainment news, Entertainment/Culture, executive producer, GLEE, Hollywood, hollywood news, Human Interest, Movies News Award, music, series, TV show tackle, Twitter Inc
HollywoodNews.com: 'Glee' is covering a lot of major music, but don't expect to hear a Bruce Springsteen tribute anytime soon. Executive producer Brad Falchuk is denying the rumors that Springsteen's music will be a part of the show, states Digital Spy. As there is so much planning for every episode, Falchuk[...]
2010 Primetime Emmy Awards Complete Winner List
Also tagged: 2010 Winter Olympics, 30 rock, 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, 61st Primetime Emmy Awards, 63rd Annual Tony Awards, 82nd Annual Academy, academy awards, Adam Mazer, advertising agency, Al Pacino, alec baldwin, Allen Coulter, amy poehler, Andre Braugher, Anna Howard Shaw Day, Arab Banking Corporation (B.S.C.), Archie Panjabi, Awards Movies News Award, Barry Levinson, Beth Armogida, Bill Maher, Bob Balaban, Bravo, Breaking Bad, breaking news, Brenda Vaccaro, Bruce C. McKenna, Bruce Vilanch, Cable TV, Capturing Mary, Carlton Cuse, Carol Leifer, Chef, Christina Hendricks, Christine Baranski, Christopher Monger, Civil Rights Movement, Claire Danes, Colleen Werthmann, Connie Britton, Cranford, Damon Lindelof, Dave Barry, Dave Boone, David Feldman, David Nutter, David Strathairn, Dennis Quaid, Derek Jeter, Dexter (Showtime) Kyle Chandler, director, Don Scardino, Edie Falco, elisabeth moss, emmys, Entertainment news, Entertainment/Culture, Eric Stonestreet, friday night lights, George Stevens, Georgia O'Keeffe, Glee (Fox) Nurse Jackie, glenn close, Glenn Weiss, Greg Daniels, Hamlet, hbo, HBO & Company, Holland Taylor, Hollywood, hollywood news, Hope Davis, house, Hugh Laurie, Human Interest, Ian Brennan, ian mckellen, Jack Bender, Jane Krakowski, january jones, JASON WINER, Jeffrey Richman, Jeremy Podeswa, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Joan Allen, Joel Gallen, John Goodman, John Slattery, Jon Cryer, Jon Macks, Jonathan Pryce, judi dench, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Julia Ormond, Julianna Margulies, Julie Bowen, Kay Cannon, Kennedy Center, King, Kristen Wiig, Larry David, Law & Order, lead actor, lead actress, Lee Marvin Vs, Lewis Friedman, lost, mad men, Made, marc shaiman, Mariska, Martin Short, Matt Hubbard, matthew fox, matthew morrison, Matthew Weiner, Michael C. Hall, michael emerson, Michael Sheen, Michael Stevens, Michelle Ashford, Michelle King, Michelle MacLaren, Mick Jackson, Mindy Kaling, modern family, NBC Meshtec Inc., neil patrick harris, News Hollywood Awards, Niagara, nurse, Patrick Stewart, Paul Greenberg, Peter Morgan, Pilot, Robert King, Robert Schenkkan, Robin Veith, Ron deMoraes, rose byrne, Ryan Murphy, Sara Lukinson, Scott Wittman, sofia vergara, Steve Carell, steve martin, Steve Shill, supporting actor, supporting actress, susan sarandon, Temple Grandin, the Emmy, The Good Wife, The New Adventures of Old Christine, The Office, The Pacific, The Prisoner, Tim Van Patten, Time Warner, tina fey, TNT, toni collette, Tony Shalhoub, TRUE BLOOD, Twitter Inc, ty burrell, United States, Vancouver, Wanda Sykes, white house, William Merritt Johnson, writer, Writer The Special Relationship, You Don't Know Jack
HollywoodNews.com: The 62nd Annual Primetime Emmys featured some wins from a handful of newcomers, as well as some repeat wins from previous years. As "Mad Men" took home the award for Best Drama Series and "Modern Family" took home the Emmy for Best Comedy Series, these shows aren't the only[...]
Glee news: The writers preview season two
Also tagged: Actor, America, Beverly Hills, Bob Ryan, cannes, cell phones, David Koresh, Emmy, Entertainment/Culture, first Emmy, GLEE, Guild of America, Human Interest, Ian Brennan, javier bardem, Julia Roberts, lead actress, London, Mass media, Matt, Mike, Mike Chang, More Tina, Murphy and Co., Music industry, new york city, Next Magazine, Paley Center for Media, Patrick Harris, Pilot, quarterback, Rachel, Radio City, Radio City Music Hall, Rocky, Russia, Ryan Murphy, series, Sue Sylvester, Wings of Heaven, writer
hollywoodnews.com: Glee fans, you're going to have to wait until the fall to see new episodes and hear new music from the show. At least we can give you a preview while you wait. The writers, creators and producers of the show – Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan[...]
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"Glee" picked up for cable syndication by Oxygen Media
Also tagged: 20th Century Fox Television, Amber Riley, Artie, Basic Cable, breaking news, Chris Colfer, Cory Monteith, Dante Di Loreto, Dianna Agron, Emma Pillsbury, Entertainment, Entertainment news, Entertainment Weekly, Entertainment/Culture, EVP General Sales Manager, Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox Entertainment Group Inc., ghetto guitarist, GLEE, Glee Club, golden globe, guidance counselor, gullible quarterback, Heather Morris, Hollywood, hollywood news, Ian Brennan, icy cheerleader, idina menzel, JANE LYNCH, Jason Klarman, Jayma Mays, Jenna Ushkowitz, Jonathan Groff, Kevin McHale, Kristen Chenoweth, lea michele, malicious cheerleading coach, Malley Newton-John, Mark Salling, Mass media, McKinley High's Glee Club, Molly Shannon, naïve teacher, neil patrick harris, Olivia Newton-John, Oxygen Media, Peabody Award, President, President and First Lady, Ryan Murphy, Ryan Murphy Television, Screen Actors Guild, Screen Actors Guild award, Steve MacDonald, Sue Sylvester, Television in the United States, Terri, the oprah winfrey show, white house, will schuster
HollywoodNews.com: Oxygen Media and Twentieth Television have reached an exclusive agreement for the basic cable syndication rights to Twentieth Century Fox's critically-acclaimed television hit series "Glee." The multi-year deal was announced today by Steve MacDonald, EVP, General Sales Manager, Basic Cable of Twentieth Television and Jason Klarman, President,[...]
'Glee's' Lea Michele, Cory Monteith won't be at Comic-Con
Also tagged: Amber Riley, breaking news, Chris Colfer, Cory Monteith, Dianna Agron, Entertainment news, Entertainment Weekly, Entertainment/Culture, GLEE, Heather Morris, Hollywood, hollywood news, Jenna Ushkowitz, Kevin McHale, lea michele, Mark Salling, Mass media, matthew morrison, Naya Rivera, Pilot, Preggers, Ryan Murphy, series, Television in the United States
HollywoodNews.com: "Glee" fans will be a little disappointed to hear that at this year's Comic-Con convention, some of their favorite stars won't be present, but it's not because they didn't want to. According to Entertainment Weekly, A 20th Century Fox TV Rep told them, "Last year, we brought down Lea Michele,[...]
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text:
ASX Update: Recovery resumes as REITs, miners fire
Aussie shares extended last week's gains, led by commodity and property stocks following a record close on Wall Street.
The S&P/ASX 200 climbed 39 points or 0.53 per cent by mid-session. The rally reversed most of a two-day decline at the end of last week.
BHP, Goodman Group and Rio Tinto were the pick of the heavyweights. An earnings upgrade lifted Charter Hall to a record. Ramsay Health Care retreated after buying a UK mental health provider.
What's driving the market
Strong leads from the US and positive trading updates from the property sector helped the ASX add to last week's gains. The ASX 200 put on 1.5 per cent across last week as omicron worries subsided.
Wall Street completed its post-omicron reversal as investors yawned at the hottest annual rate of inflation in 39 years. The S&P 500 climbed to its first record close since the new Covid variant was identified.
"The fact markets reacted the way they did to the highest headline CPI [consumer price index] number since 1982… tells us that the latest inflation horror story – and likely Fed response to be revealed this week – had been very well anticipated in the lead up to Friday's data," NAB's Head of FX Strategy Ray Attrill said. "Indeed, markets were evidently braced for even worse news."
"Risk asset markets took Friday's CPI report in their stride, the S&P500 ending the New York day up 1% to a new record closing high to be up 3.8% on the week, with the NASDAQ not far behind, up 0.7% on the day and 3.6% on the week," he added
The ASX chased Wall Street higher for much of last week before caution set in ahead of Friday's US inflation report. Wednesday night's Federal Reserve policy update looms as the next global "risk event".
The Fed is widely expected to accelerate the end of its bond-buying program. The principal market risk lies in the outlook for rate increases next year. ING expects the Fed to flag at least two rate increases next year and possibly three.
"Were it not for the emergence of the Omicron variant, we would have shifted from a two-rate hike view to a three-rate hike view for 2022," the bank's economics team wrote. "After all, we are forecasting real growth of 4.4% and inflation of 4.5%, which few would argue is compatible with the idea of keeping interest rates at close to zero.
"So far, the evidence suggests that Omicron won't derail the global recovery story, but there is still uncertainty. Nonetheless, that three hike call looks increasingly likely."
The battle to acquire Canada's Noront Resources intensified after BHP and Andrew Forrest's Wyloo Metals failed to reach an agreement on BHP's takeover proposal. BHP had sought Wyloo's backing for its bid for the nickel producer. Wyloo is Noront's largest shareholder.
"Following constructive discussions between BHP and Wyloo Metals regarding the possibility of a mutually beneficial arrangement for the acquisition of Noront by BHP Lonsdale, the parties have determined that they are unable to reach an agreement," BHP said.
Shares in the miner climbed 2.35 per cent. Competitors Rio Tinto and Fortescue Metals firmed 1.82 and 1.66 per cent, respectively.
An earnings upgrade lifted Charter Hall Group 5.22 per cent to an all-time high. The company's properties were independently assessed with a $3.5 billion increase in value. Funds under management were raised to $61.3 billion, prompting the group to upgrade operating earnings per security guidance to no less than $1.05 per security.
Strong demand for industrial space helped Centuria Industrial REIT lease an additional 106,832 square metres this financial year. The increase produced a 10 per cent lift in rentals. The share price rose 0.51 per cent.
CSL crept up 0.13 per cent after confirming media reports it is in talks to buy Swiss giant Vifor Pharma. The company said there was no certainty any transaction would result.
Brickworks climbed 2.94 per cent after announcing it anticipates record property earnings this half. The building products manufacturer expects property earnings to increase from $253 million in FY21 to $290-$310 million this half.
Childcare operator G8 Education rose 0.46 per cent on news calendar-year operating earnings and profit were running ahead of consensus estimates. Occupancy rates improved to 76.5 per cent, within 2.1 percentage points of CY19.
Crown Resorts edged up 0.13 per cent after warning staff shortages were impacting the reopening of its casino resorts. Full-year corporate costs were expected to be higher than last year at $130 million.
Explosives manufacturer Orica inched up 0.14 per cent after announcing the sale of its Minova business to a European investment firm for $180 million. The sale is part of the company's strategy of offloading non-core assets.
Aside from Charter Hall, the morning's best performers were gold miner St Barbara +5.34 per cent, wealth manager Netwealth +5.01 per cent and mineral sands miner Iluka +4.25 per cent.
At the top end of the market, Goodman put on 1.96 per cent, Woodside 1.54 per cent and Commonwealth Bank 0.92 per cent.
Ramsay Health Care will splash $1.4 billion to acquire UK mental healthcare provider Elysium from a private equity firm. The acquisition will be funded through existing debt facilities. Elysium has a long relationship with the UK's National Health Service.
"This is an excellent opportunity for Ramsay to expand its successful health care services platform in the UK through the acquisition of an established and reputable business, with a strong track record of growth and a robust pipeline of development opportunities," Managing Director and CEO Craig McNally said. The share price eased 1.32 per cent.
A guidance upgrade failed to lift Centuria Office REIT. The share price dipped 0.85 per cent after the trust raised its full-year funds from operations outlook from 18 cents per unit for 18.3 cpu. The trust reaffirmed distribution guidance of 16.6 cpu, a yield of 7.1 per cent.
Insurers were among today's worst performers. IAG sank 3.64 per cent to a nine-year low. QBE lost 3.01 per cent and Suncorp 0.65 per cent.
A strong morning on Asian markets helped lift US equity futures. The Asia Dow firmed 0.85 per cent, China's Shanghai Composite 0.93 per cent, Hong Kong's Hang Seng 1.45 per cent and Japan's Nikkei 1.03 per cent.
S&P 500 futures climbed 19 points or 0.4 per cent.
Oil continued to shed omicron demand worries. Brent crude rallied 84 US cents or 1.12 per cent to US$75.99 a barrel.
Gold bounced 90 US cents or 0.05 per cent to US$1,785.70 an ounce.
The dollar edged up 0.04 per cent to 71.67 US cents.


text:
Q: What does (int (*)()) mean in a function call Like the title says, I want to know what "(int (*)())" in a C-define-function-call means?
As example, it looks similar to this:
#define Bla(x)    (Char *) read((char *(*)()) Blub, (char **) x)

or this
#define XXX(nx, id)     PEM_ASN1_write_bio((int (*)()) id, (char *) nx)

Thank you in advance!

A: The casts the argument to a pointer to a function that returns char * and takes zero or more arguments. The second function returns int.
You can use a program (and website, now) called "cdecl" to help with these, it says:

*

*(char *(*)()): cast unknown_name into pointer to function returning pointer to char

*(int (*)()): cast unknown_name into pointer to function returning int

A: The easiest way of deciphering complex C expressions is to start with the innermost expression, then in an anti-clockwise pattern move on to the next.
(int (*)())

*

*(*) A Pointer, anti-clockwise motion hits on (, then move on again to hit on )

*(*)() A pointer to function, move on to (, then move on again to )

*int (*)() A pointer to a function returning int, move on to int, then move on to hit on )

*(int (*)()) finally move on to (, and there you have it,

A pointer to a function returning int, since it is wrapped in the outer () is because of the macro.
Hope this helps,
Best regards,
Tom

A: (int (*)()) is a typecast operator, which is to say you ask the compiler to behave
as if the expression on its right were of type int (*)(). As others have indicated,
the type in question means "a pointer to a function accepting any arguments,
and returning an int".
To understand the type itself, you first need to understand the weird way in which
variables are declared in C: in most languages, the syntax for variable declarations
is constructed from the syntax for type specifications, but in C, in a way,
it's the other way around.
If you were to declare a variable containing a pointer to such a function, you would write:
int (*fp)();

meaning that an expression resembling (*fp)() would be of type int: "take fp,
dereference it, call that with any arguments and you will get an int".
Now, in order to obtain a typecast operator for the type of fp in the above declaration, lose the identifier and add parentheses around: you get (int (*)()).

A: It means that the first argument of read, named Blub is a pointer to a function that returns a char * and receives no arguments.

A: First one says that read takes "a function pointer that returns a char pointer" as first argument and "pointer to a char pointer" as second argument. If you want to do Bla, just write Bla(x), I ll handle de read part!
Second one says that, first parameter to PEM_ASN1_write_bio must be "a function pointer returning an int". And the second argument is "a pointer to a char". And you can use XXX(a,b) instead of PEM_ASN1_write_bio(b,a), thats all


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Hilary Strong is the CEO of Agatha Christie Limited, the company that owns, controls and manages the works of Agatha Christie. She is responsible for the exploitation of all of Agatha Christie's 80+ books and short stories and 19 plays around the world.
Working with the biggest names in film, television, publishing, stage and now digital, ACL ensures that Christie's work continues to reach new audiences in innovative ways and to the highest standard. Most recent projects include; a new feature film adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express, the global publication of the new Poirot novel The Monogram Murders by best-selling crime writer Sophie Hannah, and BBC One adaptations of Partners in Crime and And Then There Were None, both co-produced by Agatha Christie Productions.
Strong has most recently brokered a deal with 20th Century Fox for five-time Academy Award nominee Kenneth Branagh to direct a new feature film adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express. Strong will act as Executive Producer alongside James Prichard for Agatha Christie Ltd.
And Then There Were None, the best selling crime novel of all time, was adapted for the first time into a major television series for the BBC Christmas 2015. With an illustrious cast, Mammoth Screen and Agatha Christie Productions produced a three-part adaptation of the author's masterwork, by Sarah Phelps (The Casual Vacancy, Great Expectations) pulling in over 8 million viewers per episode. The show will be broadcast in the US by Lifetime on the 12 and 13th March. Hilary holds an Executive Producer credit.
Partners in Crime starring David Walliams and Jessica Raine, launched this year on BBC One. The six-part drama drew an audience of over 5 million viewers and confidently doubled the channel's slot average. Hilary holds an Executive Producer credit.
Hilary has successfully brokered numerous deals on other titles, which will be announced later this year.
Agatha Christie's Poirot: Curtain, Poirot's Last Case was nominated for an EMMY in OUTSTANDING TELEVISION MOVIE category.
Prior to her appointment as CEO of Agatha Christie Limited, Hilary was Managing Director of Acorn Productions, the UK production and rights management arm of RLJ Entertainment, with responsibility for growing a drama development slate around both the works of Agatha Christie and those of Greenlit, principally Foyle's War.
Previously to these roles, Hilary was General Counsel and Group Commercial Director at Chorion with responsibility for heading up commercial and business affairs for the private equity-backed rights holding business (including Beatrix Potter, Enid Blyton, Mr Men and Paddington Bear), and was a Board director for Agatha Christie Ltd, at that time a majority Chorion owned company. Sitting on the main Board of Chorion, her remit was to manage the transactions for potential acquisitions and consolidation plans. She was subsequently responsible for overseeing the division and sale of all parts of the Group, in a manner designed to maximise returns to creditors.
Hilary was formerly Group Business Director at Hat Trick Productions, where she initially worked as Head of Legal and Business Affairs, setting up the department where she was responsible for broadcaster negotiations; talent deals; international sales deals and international format licence deals; rights exploitation negotiations and corporate affairs. Hilary was the Executive Production Advisor on Have I Got News For You, a show that is now in its 27th year.
In 1996 she joined the board at Hat Trick, initially as Commercial Director with an expanded brief to manage the growing commercial exploitation business in the Company. She set up and ran the international programme sales company, Hat Trick International Ltd, and divisions responsible for exploitation of format rights, video/DVD home entertainment rights, publishing rights and merchandising rights. She also oversaw the in-house production of made-for-DVD material and books, working closely with external distribution companies.
During her time at Hat Trick, Hilary sat on several committees for PACT, including the Terms of Trade advisory committee, working closely with the BBC and Channel 4 in relation to revised Terms of Trade for the independent production sector.
After graduating in law from Cambridge University, Hilary joined the intellectual property and media team at Macfarlanes Solicitors, at first working primarily with advertising clients before moving to television at a time when the independent production sector was emerging. She represented 24 Hour Productions on the early series of cult youth programme The Word, then led the structuring of the joint venture between 24 Hour Productions and Bob Geldof's company Planet Communications to create Planet 24. She worked closely with the joint venture to successfully win the Channel 4 breakfast slot pitch with The Big Breakfast, and worked with the management team in setting up of Ginger Productions, a joint venture between Planet 24 and Chris Evans.


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La circulation atmosphérique se caractérise par le mouvement à l'échelle planétaire des différentes masses d'air entourant la Terre ce qui redistribue l'énergie solaire en conjonction avec la circulation océanique. Ainsi, comme la Terre est un sphéroïde, la radiation solaire incidente au sol varie entre un maximum aux régions faisant face directement au Soleil, situé selon les saisons plus ou moins loin de l'équateur, et un minimum à celles très inclinés par rapport à ce dernier proches des Pôles. La radiation thermique réémise par le sol est proportionnelle à la quantité d'énergie reçue ce qui génère un réchauffement différentiel entre les deux régions. De sorte que ce déséquilibre thermique a pour conséquence la création de cellules de convection près de l'équateur. Quand on s'éloigne de celui-ci, la rotation de la Terre (qui génère la force de Coriolis) influence le trajet de l'air selon la répartition des pressions et le tout forme la circulation atmosphérique.

Caractéristiques de la circulation selon la latitude
La circulation atmosphérique change continuellement mais la tendance de base est relativement constante. Les dépressions des latitudes moyennes ou les cyclones tropicaux individuels se développent un peu partout selon une prédictibilité parfois proche de la théorie du chaos mais la tendance moyenne est stable.

On distingue trois zones de circulation des vents entre l'équateur et chaque pôle :
 la première zone est celle de Hadley qui se situe entre l'équateur et 30 degrés N et S où l'on retrouve des vents réguliers soufflant du nord-est dans l'hémisphère nord et du sud-est dans celui du sud : les alizés. Les navigateurs à voile ont depuis longtemps utilisé cette zone de vents réguliers pour traverser les océans ;
 la deuxième se situe aux latitudes moyennes et est caractérisée par des systèmes dépressionnaires transitoires sous une circulation d'altitude généralement d'ouest, c'est la cellule de Ferrel ;
 la troisième, les cellules polaires se retrouvent respectivement au nord et au sud des 60-ièmes parallèles nord et sud avec une circulation de surface généralement d'est.

Entre ces trois zones, à une altitude variant entre 6 et 15 km, on retrouve les courants-jets circulant autour de la planète et qui sont un des précurseurs de la frontogénèse.

Cellules de Hadley
vignette|Mouvement vertical moyen en juillet à 500 hPa. L'air ascendant (valeurs négatives en bleu) est concentré près de l'équateur solaire et l'air descendant (positif en rouge) est plus éparpillé.

Le moteur de la circulation atmosphérique sous les tropiques est le réchauffement solaire. À cause de l'inclinaison de  de l'axe de rotation de la Terre, le Soleil n'est jamais à plus de quelques dizaines de degrés du zénith à midi tout au long de l'année dans les tropiques ce qui donne un maximum de réchauffement autour de l'équateur géographique. Cette chaleur est transportée en grande partie dans l'atmosphère sous forme de relâchement de chaleur latente dans les orages tropicaux.

Edmond Halley, l'astronome célèbre, avait proposé une théorie pour expliquer la présence des alizés. Cependant, sa solution n'expliquait pas pourquoi les vents se dirigeaient vers l'ouest. George Hadley, avocat anglais et météorologue amateur, a proposé une variante en 1735 en décrivant une circulation fermée. Pour expliquer la direction vers l'ouest de la circulation de surface, il a tenu compte de la rotation de la Terre.
En effet, une parcelle d'air se dirigeant vers le nord ou le sud, par rapport à un observateur au repos dans l'espace, semble se déplacer avec une composante ouest par rapport à un observateur terrestre parce que ce dernier se déplace vers l'est. Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis reprendra cette idée un siècle plus tard dans sa description des mouvements dans un repère en rotation.

Le mécanisme de formation des cellules de Hadley se décrit donc ainsi :

Sur l'image, on voit en (4) que l'air chaud et humide converge à l'équateur parce que le facteur de Coriolis y est négligeable et que les vents n'y ont pas de direction privilégiée. L'air se déplace alors vers les zones de pression plus basses (4) où il s'élève en formant des orages (1). C'est la zone dite de convergence intertropicale où les précipitations sont très abondantes mais les vents faibles (le pot-au-noir).

Quand les parcelles d'air chaud et humide atteignent la tropopause (limite entre la troposphère et la stratosphère), à environ 12 à 15 km d'altitude, elles ne peuvent monter plus haut ni ne peuvent rester à cet endroit à cause du flux constant venant des basses couches de l'atmosphère. Par conséquent, elles sont repoussées vers le nord (2a) ou le sud (2b) de l'équateur.

En s'éloignant de l'équateur, la force de Coriolis augmente ce qui dévie les parcelles vers l'Est (du point de vue d'un observateur terrestre). En se déplaçant vers les Pôles, l'air se refroidit par échange avec l'environnement ce qui éventuellement le rend négativement instable et il commence à descendre (3). Lors de la descente, les parcelles d'air suivent la courbe du gradient adiabatique sec, ce qui fait qu'elles se réchauffent et que leur humidité relative tombe. Cela se produit autour de 30 à 35 degrés N et S où l'on retrouve la zone de calme subtropicaux aride dominée par un anticyclone.

Finalement, l'air venant de l'anticyclone se dirige vers l'équateur pour compléter le cycle et cette fois, la force de Coriolis le dévie vers l'Ouest, ce sont les alizés qui soufflent du nord-est dans l'hémisphère nord et du sud-est dans celui du sud. Ces cellules sont multiples autour de la Terre et elles ne sont pas alignées exactement avec l'équateur géographique mais plutôt avec l'équateur défini comme le point au zénith du soleil ce qui amène une variation saisonnière vers le nord et le sud de la position de ces cellules. En plus, la différence de réchauffement local et la friction sous deux kilomètres d'altitude changent constamment la position d'une cellule particulière.

En bordure de ces cellules, la convection atmosphérique joue un rôle important dans la chimie de l'atmosphère, en contribuant à certains transferts verticaux d'aérosols ou de polluants des basses couches (troposphère) vers les hautes couches, et inversement (pour l'ozone par exemple). Un mécanisme convectif complémentaire, également capable de verticalement transférer des polluants est celui qui se manifeste dans le système « rayonnement infrarouge - cirrus ».

Cellules polaires
La cellule polaire de chaque hémisphère est un système identique à la cellule de Hadley. Même si l'air est plus sec et froid au nord/sud du , il peut subir une circulation fermée convective. Le parcours de l'air se passe sous les 8 km d'altitude car la tropopause n'y dépasse pas ce niveau. L'air descendant est très sec ce qui explique que les Pôles soient des déserts froids. Encore une fois, la force de Coriolis dévie l'air vers l'ouest et un observateur terrestre note des vents du nord-est dans l'hémisphère nord et du sud-est dans l'hémisphère sud.

Les anticyclones semi-permanents sur la Sibérie, les îles arctiques et l'Antarctique sont une conséquence directe de la cellule polaire ce qui fait que la météorologie de ces régions est relativement stable, contrairement aux dépressions à répétition qui affectent les latitudes moyennes. De plus, cela permet à des dômes très froids de s'installer et où des records de basses températures ont été rapportés ( à la base antarctique Vostok II en 1983 en Antarctique).

La circulation polaire interagit avec le terrain pour donner des ondes harmoniques longues appelées ondes de Rossby. Ces dernières ont un rôle important dans la trajectoire du courant-jet polaire qui sépare la cellule polaire de celle de Ferrel. L'énergie solaire venant de l'équateur est transférée à la cellule polaire par ce mécanisme et elle peut finalement être distribuée jusqu'aux Pôles.

Cellules de Ferrel
La cellule de Ferrel de chaque hémisphère couvre les latitudes moyennes entre 30 et 60 degrés. Elle est nommée en hommage à William Ferrel (1817-1891) qui a cherché à décrire la circulation générale d'ouest qu'on y retrouve. C'est une circulation indirecte, contrairement aux cellules de Hadley et polaire.

Dans les latitudes moyennes, on retrouve de l'air froid venant des pôles par la cellule polaire et de l'air chaud venant de l'équateur par la cellule de Hadley. Ces deux types de masses d'air se rencontrent le long d'un ruban thermique plus ou moins continu et intense. Selon la direction des vents au sol, on assiste en certains points au resserrement de ce ruban et à une cyclogénèse dans le flux d'air pour créer des dépressions ce qui pousse l'air chaud vers les pôles et l'air froid vers l'équateur.

Dans ces systèmes, l'air chaud et humide rencontrant l'air plus froid doit s'élever non pas par convection mais par forçage dynamique ce qui crée un mouvement vertical synoptique ascendant aidé par la présence d'un courant-jet. Ce mouvement doit être compensé en amont et en aval par un mouvement vertical descendant. Ceci crée donc une succession d'anticyclones et de dépressions le long du ruban thermique. Les vents tournant dans le sens inverse dans les dépressions et les anticyclones, les habitants des latitudes moyennes subissent donc un régime continuellement changeant des vents.

Flux zonal

Toute cette succession de systèmes météorologiques se déplace dans une direction générale d'ouest en est. Le ruban thermique explique cette circulation d'ouest appelée flux zonal.

En effet, les vents sont essentiellement le déplacement de l'air des hautes vers les basses pressions, déviés vers la droite dans l'hémisphère nord par la force de Coriolis et la gauche dans l'hémisphère sud. Le gradient de pression dépend quant à lui de la structure thermique dans la colonne d'air. Plus la différence de température entre deux zones est grande, plus la différence de pression et le vent augmentent avec l'altitude. Le vent est parallèle au ruban thermique, car la variation de pression est perpendiculaire à celui-ci.

Ainsi le courant-jet se forme au-dessus d'un ruban serré de différence de températures que l'on nomme front (front chaud et front froid) et qui sépare les masses d'air froid (vers les pôles) et chaud (vers l'équateur). Comme en moyenne le ruban thermique (appelé zone barocline) est orienté ouest-est, le résultat est une circulation générale d'ouest en est aux latitudes moyennes.

Flux méridional

Cependant, les différences de friction dans la basse couche de l'atmosphère, comme le passage de l'océan aux montagnes de la côte ouest de l'Amérique, dévient le vent. Cela crée des ondes dans la circulation qui se reflètent en altitude par une circulation qui prend la forme d'un sinus à plusieurs cycles décrit comme ondes de Rossby.

La portion du flux qui prend alors une direction nord-sud est appelée flux méridional. C'est cette composante du flux qui transfère l'air froid vers l'équateur et l'air doux vers les pôles. Elle contribue ainsi à l'intensification des dépressions et aux forts changements de température de surface. La position de ce sinus n'est pas stable car il dépend du transfert de températures dans la couche sous-jacente. Il se déplace, se déforme et des tourbillons indépendants s'en détachent.

Effets locaux
Les cellules de Hadley, Ferrel et polaire donnent une idée générale de la circulation atmosphérique. Cependant, les effets locaux sont très importants et modulent ces circulations et créent des sous-cellules. Ces dernières sont influencées par la différence de friction des surfaces, par la capacité d'absorption et de relâchement différentielle de chaleur entre les océans et la terre, ainsi que par le cycle diurne d'ensoleillement. Cela joue même à micro-échelle. Par exemple, dans le cas des brises de mer, l'air de la rive réchauffé par le Soleil s'élève et il est remplacé par de l'air plus frais venant de l'eau. Durant la nuit, la terre perd sa chaleur plus rapidement que l'eau et la direction des vents s'inverse.

À plus grande échelle, ce cycle diurne peut devenir saisonnier ou même pluri-annuel. L'air chaud des continents équatoriaux et du Pacifique Ouest s'élève, se déplace vers l'est ou l'ouest selon les circonstances jusqu'à atteindre la tropopause puis subside dans l'Atlantique, l'océan Indien ou le Pacifique Est plus froids.

Circulation de Walker

La cellule du Pacifique, entièrement océanique, est particulièrement importante. On lui a donné le nom de cellule de Walker en l'honneur de Sir Gilbert Walker, directeur au début du  des observatoires météorologiques d'Inde. Il essaya de trouver un moyen de prédire les vents de mousson. Bien qu'il n'ait pas réussi, son travail le conduisit à la découverte d'une variation périodique de pression entre les océans Indien et Pacifique qu'il dénomma l'oscillation australe. Deux autres cellules identiques se retrouvent près de l'équateur dans l'océan Indien et dans l'Atlantique Sud.

Le courant de Humboldt, venant de l'Antarctique, refroidit la côte de l'Amérique du Sud. Il y a donc une grande différence de température entre l'Ouest et l'Est de ce vaste océan qui donne lieu à une circulation directe semblable à celle de Hadley. On note de la convection dans la partie ouest, près de l'Asie et de l'Australie et de la subsidence dans un anticyclone le long de la côte de l'Amérique du Sud. Ceci crée une forte circulation de retour d'Est qui produit un effet de seiche : le niveau de la mer est de 60 cm plus haut dans le Pacifique Ouest que dans l'Est.

Le mouvement de l'air dans cette circulation affecte la température dans tout le système ce qui crée cycliquement des hivers inhabituellement chauds ou froids après quelques années. Ceci peut modifier également la fréquence des ouragans.

El Niño et l'Oscillation australe
Le comportement de la cellule de Walker est la clé principale pour comprendre le phénomène du El Niño (en anglais ENSO ou El Niño - Southern Oscillation). Si l'activité convective diminue dans le Pacifique Ouest, pour des raisons mal comprises, la cellule s'effondre. La circulation d'ouest en altitude diminue ou cesse ce qui coupe l'apport d'air froid dans le Pacifique Est et le flux de retour d'est de surface faiblit.

Cela permet à l'eau chaude empilée dans le Pacifique Ouest de dévaler la pente vers l'Amérique du Sud ce qui change la température de surface de la mer dans ce secteur en plus de perturber les courants marins. Cela change également complètement les systèmes de nuages et de pluviométrie en plus de donner des températures inhabituelles aux deux Amériques, à l'Australie et à l'Afrique du Sud-Est.

Pendant ce temps dans l'Atlantique, les vents d'altitude d'Ouest qui sont en général bloqués par la circulation de Walker peuvent maintenant atteindre une force inhabituelle. Ces forts vents coupent les colonnes ascendantes d'air humide des orages qui normalement s'organisent en ouragans et ainsi diminuent le nombre de ces derniers.

L'opposée du El Niño est La Niña. La convection dans le Pacifique Ouest augmente dans ce cas ce qui amplifie la cellule de Walker amenant de l'air plus froid le long de la côte de l'Amérique. Cette dernière donne des hivers plus froids en Amérique du Nord et plus d'ouragans dans l'Atlantique. Parce que l'eau chaude est repoussée vers l'Ouest par l'anticyclone, cela permet à l'eau froide des profondeurs de remonter sur la côte de l'Amérique du Sud ce qui donne un meilleur apport de nutriments pour les poissons et amène une pêche excellente. Cependant, le temps demeurant au beau fixe, on note de longues périodes de sécheresse dans la même région.

Systèmes semi-permanents
Suivant le relief terrestre, la température de surface de la mer et des courants marins, ainsi que l'ensoleillement saisonnier, certaines régions de la Terre vont avoir une prédominance durant une partie importante de l'année de dépressions ou d'anticyclones sur les cartes montrant la moyenne mensuelle de la pression. Cela ne veut pas dire que ces systèmes soient stationnaires à ces endroits mais plutôt que dans les systèmes d'un certain type y demeurent plus longtemps, y sont plus intenses ou les deux.

Durant l'hiver de l'hémisphère Nord, des centres anticycloniques, dus au refroidissement intense en surface, s'installent sur le continent nord-américain et en Asie, tel l'anticyclone de Sibérie. En été, ces zones sont beaucoup moins fréquemment dominées par un anticyclone.

Sur les océans, on retrouve dans la partie descendante de la cellule de Hadley l'anticyclone du Pacifique nord, près d'Hawaï, et l'anticyclone des Açores/Bermudes sur le centre de l'Atlantique nord. Deux centres dépressionnaires se développent en hiver à l'approche des régions arctiques : la dépression d'Islande et la dépression des Aléoutiennes. Ces dernières sont plus diffuses en été alors que les deux anticyclones se renforcent et qu'une dépression thermique se forme sur toute l'Asie centrale et se prolonge en Afrique au-dessus du Sahara.

Dans l'hémisphère sud à prédominance océanique, ce type de système météorologique semi-permanent est peu développé à cause du manque de contrastes thermiques. Il se forment cependant un anticyclone thermique sur l'Australie en hiver à cause du refroidissement de son large désert intérieur. Sur les océans, on retrouve un anticyclone dans chacun des trois océans dans la partie descendante de la cellule de Hadley : Atlantique Sud à l'Île Sainte-Hélène, Pacifique Sud près de l'Île de Pâques et dans l'océan Indien autour des Mascareignes. Au sud de ces trois systèmes on retrouve une succession de dépressions au nord du continent Antarctique qui sont fameuses pour leurs vents violents et constants (voir Cinquantièmes hurlants).

Bibliographie

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Atmosphère terrestre
 Circulation de Brewer–Dobson
 Force de Coriolis
 Loi de Buys-Ballot
 Vent géostrophique
 Convection atmosphérique
 Atmosphère (Terre)
 Pompe biotique
 Cyclone
 Cyclogénèse
 Cyclogénèse tropicale
 Modèle des ceintures d'écoulement
Météorologie de l'Europe

Liens externes
 Images commentées des mouvements atmosphériques terrestres par l'École normale supérieure de Lyon
 La circulation atmosphérique sur le site Luxorion
 (hist. sc.) "Rotation terrestre et mouvements atmosphériques ", analyse d'un texte de Hadley (1735) sur BibNum.
 (hist. sc.) N. Sarrabat, Dissertation sur les causes et les variations des vents (1730), en ligne et analysé sur BibNum.

Notes et références

Climatologie


text:
How Trump Could Make a Deadly Flesh-Eating Bacteria Spread, Again (Video) /
How Trump Could Make a Deadly Flesh-Eating Bacteria Spread, Again (Video)
Reynard Loki
By nominating fossil fuel-fanatics and climate deniers to his cabinet, signaling U.S. abandonment of the Paris climate accord, cutting NASA climate research, and planning to gut the EPA, President Trump has made it clear that federal action to fight climate change is a thing of the past—and that he's willing to erode any gains that have been made.
What could that mean? For starters, the goal to keep a global temperature rise this century well below 2° Celsius is now endangered, since the United States—the world's second biggest greenhouse gas emitter, behind China—is responsible for more than 15 percent of the world's emissions. Then there's the cascade of impacts resulting from the increased surface temperature, including species extinctions, ocean acidification, sea level rise, changes in precipitation patterns that impact farmers, increase in global warming refugees, and more droughts, wildfires and heatwaves.
While these impacts are frightening indeed, one has emerged that is particularly scary: the rise of a deadly, flesh-eating bacteria.
Last fall, Michael Funk was cleaning crab traps outside his home in Ocean City, Maryland. As he waded into the Atlantic, a deadly bacteria entered his body through a small cut in his leg. Four days later, he was dead.
"It's like something out of a horror movie," said Marcia Funk, his wife of 46 years.
But it's frighteningly real—and thanks to climate change, the occurrence of the menacing microbe, Vibrio vulnificus, is expected to rise.
Ars Technica's health reporter Beth Mole, a microbiologist, writes:
Within hours, Funk fell ill and went to a nearby hospital where a surgeon removed infected, rotting skin from his leg. But with the flesh-eating bacteria circulating in his bloodstream, his condition quickly worsened. He was flown to a trauma hospital in Baltimore where surgeons amputated his leg. Still, the lesions spread and, on September 15, he died.
As Mole notes, Funk's case, while extreme, wasn't even the worst recent case. She cited a case in July 2015 of a 59-year-old man who became infected with V. vulnificus in the Gulf of Mexico. He went to a hospital with a painful lesion on his ankle that expanded before the doctors' eyes. "Within hours, his whole body was covered in lesions," Mole writes. "A little more than 48 hours later, he was dead."
[[{"type":"media","view_mode":"media_original","fid":"620247","attributes":{"alt":"","class":"media-image","style":"width: 600px; height: 401px;","typeof":"foaf:Image"}}]]
False color scanning electron micrograph of Vibrio vulnificus, a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio that lives in marine environments such as estuaries, brackish ponds, or coastal areas. (image: Wikipedia)
Climate change isn't the only culprit in the expected rise in cases of deadly bacterial infections. Raw oysters also play a role. The editorial board of the Salisbury, Maryland Daily Times (the newspaper that reported on the Funk case) offered readers a simple warning: "Avoid brackish, stagnant water and don't eat raw oysters."
There has been a surge in demand for raw oysters, particularly those raised in farms. "Along the East Coast, wild oysters have been disappearing," writes Bonny Wolf of WFSU, a public radio station serving Florida and Georgia, two Atlantic seaboard states that have the kind of warm saltwater the vibrio class of bacteria prefers. "But the number of farm-raised oysters is exploding.…raw oyster bars are all the rage."
Certainly, the increased interest in raw oysters can't be pegged to Donald Trump, but the president's anti-climate policies will help to maintain the perfect breeding ground for certain deadly viruses and bacteria like V. vilnificus. The close relationship between climate and infections on an epidemic-scale has been well established, and history shows it. Jonathan Patz, an environmental health expert at Johns Hopkins University, explains:
For centuries humans have known that climatic conditions affect epidemic infections—since well before the basic notion of infectious agents was under- stood late in the nineteenth century. The Roman aristocracy took refuge in their hill resorts each summer to avoid malaria. South Asians learnt early that in high summer, strongly curried foods were less prone to induce diarrhoeal diseases. In the southern United States one of the most severe summertime outbreaks of yellow fever (viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito) occurred in 1878, during one of the strongest El Niño episodes on record. The economic and human cost was enormous, with an estimated death toll of around 20 000 people. In developed countries today it is well known that recurrent influenza epidemics occur in mid-winter.
More recently, scientists at the World Health Organization suggest that climate change aided the spread of the Zika virus.
"Zika is the kind of thing we've been ranting about for 20 years," Daniel Brooks, a biologist at University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told the Guardian. "We should've anticipated it. Whenever the planet has faced a major climate change event, man-made or not, species have moved around and their pathogens have come into contact with species with no resistance."
With Trump and his fellow climate deniers in power, there will be little in terms of climate action to stop the rise of the deadly, flesh-eating Vibrio vulnificus. Thankfully, there are steps you can take to protect yourself. Carina Blackmore, a Florida epidemiologist, explains how in this video:


The benefits of a formal mentoring process have been accepted by many organisations as a way to help their people learn. Traditionally mentoring in the workplace describes a strategic developmental initiative in which a more experienced colleague (the Mentor), uses their greater knowledge, wisdom and understanding of one or more areas in the work or workplace to support the development of a member of staff who has less experience in those contexts (the Mentee).
Mentoring is often used to integrate individuals new to the company, and to develop those in critical operations or who demonstrate high potential for rapid movement up the ranks. It helps them develop their cultural awareness and extend their networks. In certain instances the roles of mentor and mentee may be interchangeable where the individuals concerned have different skills and approaches. For instance, in reverse mentoring an older person may assist a younger one to develop leadership presence and influence, and assist them to widen their network. The younger person in turn may assist the older one to become more familiar with the use of new technology.
Mentoring elicits new insights, perspectives and wisdom for both mentor and mentee, and organizations which commit to ongoing mentoring activities find that this contributes considerably to employee satisfaction.
In leadership development, the powerful leveraging effect of mentoring is often overlooked. Mentoring is a personal relationship, and for mentoring to be successful it needs to be part of the leadership development culture of the organisation. Done well, mentoring is beneficial for the mentor, the mentee and the organisation in terms of engagement, sharing of knowledge and most importantly developing future leaders. This is important as if mentoring is not sufficiently integrated into organizational culture, it can become a chore for senior managers and increase the cynicism of aspiring high potentials.
Metaco uses the Socratic Methodology to train mentors to guide by asking questions rather than instructing or judging. An effective mentor keeps a distance and does not take charge of the mentee. The success of the mentoring relationship hinges on the mentor recognizing and helping to facilitate the mentee's feeling of ownership in the relationship and the tasks at hand. Whilst the mentee is usually the predominant beneficiary of the relationship, a healthy, well executed mentoring relationship benefits both parties.
Mentoring is primarily about developing capability and potential in the role rather than performance and skills. It is a specific learning and development intervention which can be used widely, but in particular context such as development, induction or sponsorship. Mentoring should not be confused with developmental coaching, which is typically a short term, non-directive form of development, targeting high performance and focusing on specific skills and goals to achieve organisational objectives. It often works together with coaching, but should be seen as a distinct activity.
Metaco co-creates your mentoring solution with you, in order to meet your organization's specific needs. It may simply be that workshops for mentors and mentees are required to initiate an internal mentoring process, or a larger project could entail the management of an end-to-end corporate mentoring programme.
The fortunate ones amongst us have encountered teachers who have fired a spark within us, who opened new vistas and dimensions before us, who touched us deeply, and who awakened and encouraged our potential.