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San Antonio politician 'welcomes' Trump with mocking video
Jake Harris
June 17, 2016 San Antonio.
View Caption Hide Caption
In this April 4, 2016, photo, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump addresses the crowd during a rally at the Milwaukee Theatre in Milwaukee. He won't be on November's ballot, but President Barack Obama is slowly embracing his role as the anti-Trump, taking on the Republican front-runner in ways that no other Democrat can. (AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast)
Donald Trump was in San Antonio Thursday on his Texas campaign tour, holding a fundraiser at Oak Hills Country Club.
His visit to the city wasn't welcome by some of its politicians, especially since Trump's comments on Hispanics and Mexicans have probably offended the city's predominantly Mexican-American population. One San Antonio representative went as far as to create a video to "educate" Trump on the contributions of Mexicans to American society.
"Bienvenido a San Antonio, Mr. Trump!" is a just-under-two-minutes video produced by U.S. Rep. Trey Martinez Fischer, and it wears its heart on its sleeve. Narrated by Sen. Joe Bernal (who served in the Texas legislature in the '60s and '70s), the video begins with "dump" written underneath Trump's name in the title screen. And the shade gets thrown harder from there.
"In San Antonio, we value family, hard work, honor and respect. We inherited these values from the immigrants who built our city, and yes, Mr. Trump, that includes Americans of Mexican descent," Bernal reads.
A highlight reel of Trump's comments about Mexican immigrants then plays, touching on his "They're bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists" statements.
The kicker comes at the 50-second mark, as Bernal says, "While others already told you what to do with your wall"— cue a slide of Rep. Filemon Vela's "shove [your wall] up your a–" comment— "We would rather give you something you seem to lack— an education."
The video ends with a promise to Trump that the Mexican-Americans of San Antonio will continue to make their city and their country great again—by voting for Hillary Clinton.
Let the Mexican American history lesson commence.
Watch the full video below.
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Is it stealing if it's from a 'Little Free Library'?
This list says Texas isn't great for road trips — here's why we disagree

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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BioRockCantStop2020-07-28T05:05:15+00:00
Jay Sherrard | CEO Mass Media Films
The founder of Mass Media Films Jay Anthony Sherrard started his epic journey in the film industry during the mid-'90s at Paskal Lighting located in Hollywood California. Paskal was the largest set lighting company in the industry at the time. Jay quickly moved up the ranks at Paskal and honed his knowledge of the film-making process.
A chance opportunity to manage a historic Hollywood film studio propelled his journey forward. During his tenure at the studio, he worked with legends like Spike Jones, Hype Williams, Irv Blitz, and Matthew Rolston to name a few. While working with these industry giants Jay was inspired to become a director himself.
Jay formed his first production company "Big Game Productions" to support his craft as a music video director
and eventually built a world-class roster of directors.
Jay's new vision, Mass Media Films is slated to be one of the industries premier commercial production
companies. Jay's business motto is simple "Give more than what your client asks, and exceed their
greatest expectations!"


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The University of Albuquerque was a Catholic liberal arts university in Albuquerque, New Mexico, which opened in 1920 and closed in 1986. Its former campus on Albuquerque's West Side now houses St. Pius X High School.

History
The institution was founded in 1920 as St. Francis Summer College. Located at St. Anthony's Orphanage, the college was operated by the Poor Sisters of St. Francis Seraph and offered continuing education classes for nuns during the summer. In 1940, it was taken over by the Archdiocese of Santa Fe and chartered as a full-time college called the Catholic Teachers' College of New Mexico, offering four-year programs in arts, sciences, and education. The college moved to a new location at the former Rio Grande Industrial School campus on South 2nd Street in 1946, and control was handed back to the Poor Sisters the following year. In 1950, the college changed its name to the College of St. Joseph on the Rio Grande and broke ground on a new campus atop a bluff overlooking the Rio Grande on Albuquerque's West Side. Classes began at the new location in 1951, encompassing a full liberal arts curriculum. The campus was formally dedicated by Archbishop Edwin Byrne in 1952.

During the 1950s and 1960s, enrollment grew steadily to more than 1,000 students and the college completed a gymnasium, arts and theater buildings, and dormitories. In 1960, it gained regional accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. By 1965, the college had 65 faculty members and offered a full liberal arts curriculum as well as pre-professional and graduate programs. In 1966, the name was changed to the University of Albuquerque, and a new student center was completed in 1967. However, by 1968 the university was in financial trouble and was forced to cut some of its departments and staff. Costs were further reduced in 1969 by cutting all intercollegiate athletic programs.

Under Frank Kleinhenz, its first lay president, the university reorganized its operations in the 1970s by relaxing admissions requirements and putting more emphasis on two-year and certificate programs in order to boost enrollment. This strategy was successful and the university reported a record 3,200 students in 1972. It was even able to build a new fine arts center, which opened in November of that year. However, Kleinhenz's resignation in 1973 triggered a period of instability and enrollment declined again. Faced with mounting debts and the prospect of increased competition after the Technical Vocational Institute was authorized to offer two-year degrees, the university announced its closing at the end of the 1986 spring semester.

Following the university's closing, the campus was repurposed to house St. Pius X High School as well as offices of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. University of Albuquerque student records and transcripts are being housed in and can be retrieved from the University of New Mexico.

Fictitiously, the University of Albuquerque was still open and housed a renowned basketball program in the High School Musical film series (2006–2010), specifically High School Musical 2 and High School Musical 3: Senior Year. In the films, their team name and mascot are said to be the Redhawks.

Campus
At the time of its closing in 1986, the university had a  campus with 17 buildings. Most of the main buildings are still standing and have been put to various uses. The first two buildings to be completed on the West Side campus were Assumption Hall and St. Francis Hall, both built in 1950–52. The two-story brick buildings housed classrooms, offices, laboratories, a library, and a chapel, and now form the nucleus of the St. Pius X High School campus. St. Pius also took over the university's Fine Arts Learning Center (1972) and gymnasium. Other notable buildings on the main campus included the University Center (1967), and three women's dormitories—Madonna Hall (1961), St. Clare Hall (1964), and Lourdes Hall (1966). These buildings are used for various purposes by the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. There were also two men's dormitories located a short distance south of the main campus, Byrne House (1965) and Davis House (1966). These buildings are now part of the Desert Hills adolescent treatment center.

Athletics
The University of Albuquerque's sports teams, nicknamed the Dons, competed as NAIA independents in basketball, baseball, golf, tennis, and soccer. From 1966 to 1969, they were also members of the NCAA College Division (Division II). The basketball team attained modest success, competing in the NAIA Men's Basketball Championships in 1964 (as St. Joseph), 1966, and 1968. They compiled a 1–3 tournament record with their only win coming against the University of New Haven in the 1966 edition. One of the Dons' most notable recruits was  center Zoilo Dominguez, a veteran of the Argentinean national team who was named a third-team All-American in 1966. Starting in 1963, the team played its home games at the now demolished Albuquerque Civic Auditorium.

Financial difficulties led the university to cancel all of its athletic programs at the end of the 1968–69 season. The basketball program was eventually reinstated in 1980, albeit with a greatly reduced budget and a team composed of walk-ons. The university was planning to re-apply for NAIA membership at the time of its closing in 1986.

Notable alumni
Mathias Barrett, homeless advocate, founder of The Little Brothers of the Good Shepherd
Pete Domenici, U.S. Senator
Rick Miera, New Mexico State Representative
Richard M. Romero, New Mexico State Senator
Henry Saavedra, New Mexico State Representative
Patricio M. Serna, New Mexico Supreme Court Justice
Thomas L. Shaffer, legal scholar
Daniel P. Silva, New Mexico State Representative

References

University of Albuquerque
Defunct Catholic universities and colleges in the United States
Albuquerque, University of
Albuquerque, University of
Albuquerque, University of
1920 establishments in New Mexico
1986 disestablishments in New Mexico

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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BGF South West office invests record £115m in high-growth business in 2021
Investments by the South West team of growth finance group BGF passed the £100m mark for the first time last year as it continued its strong run of funding ambitious businesses. The team injected £115m of equity into firms in 2021 – a 72% increase on 2020's total and more than three times that...
Hybrid working here to stay, research shows, but most firms are struggling to make it a success
More than nine in 10 of mid-market businesses in the South West have adopted hybrid or remote working as a way of overcoming the impact of the pandemic – but many are struggling to make it a success, according to a new survey. Research by accountancy firm Grant Thornton reveals 92% of the region's...
Wincanton looking to deliver higher-than-expected profits as eFulfilment drives growth
Shares in logistics group Wincanton shot up this week after it said continued strong demand for its services was expected to lead to better-than-expected profits. In a trading update the Chippenham-headquartered group said its third-quarter revenue had grown by 15% compared to the same period last year as it overcame a shortage of...
Lancashire care home deal bolsters Royds Withy King's standing in fast-growing sector
A team from Bath-headquartered law firm Royds Withy King has built on its strong reputation in the care home sector by advising on a deal in Lancashire. The firm has helped Leyland-based company Angel Residential Home on its acquisition of Lowfield House, pictured, a successful family-owned specialist 24-bed care home in Clitheroe. The...
National role for JLL South West director as it focuses on regeneration and sustainability
International property agency JLL has promoted its Bristol office lead director Simon Peacock to head of regions, giving him responsibility for its 10 regional offices across the UK. Simon, pictured, will also join JLL's UK executive board while continuing to oversee the firm's South West and Wales regions, which are served from offices in Bristol,...
Pearson May Financial Update: HMRC postpones late Self-Assessment penalties by a month
For the second year in a row, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) has announced that it will not charge the usual automatic late filing penalty of £100 for any 2020/21 Tax Returns that are not filed by 31 January 2022, as long as they are filed by 28 February 2022, writes Pearson May partner...
« 1 2 3 4 … 1,103 »


Acidity is caused by an excess or imbalance of digestive acids. People of all ages get affected by it. Eating more spicy foods, irregular eating, stress, lack of exercise or drinking alcohol frequently are major reasons leading to acidity.


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middleeastsmasher	Opinion Documents	 24. January 2016 20 Minutes
Papal Decree Banning Clergy from Rotary Club Membership
Pope Francis, Rotary Club Member Since 1999
Catholicism and Rotary – An Open Question
The Masons and Pope Francis
The Catholic Church's Position on Freemasonry
On January 11, 1951, The Vatican issued a Decree banning "members of the clergy" from belonging to a Rotary club association. According to the Decree, lay people are permitted to join as long as they adhere to the provisions set forth in Canon Law, but priests are explicitly forbidden from belonging to Rotary or participating in their meetings. The WILD VOICE continues to research this, but to the best of our knowledge at this time the Decree has never been officially lifted, rescinded or annulled. We are most interested in providing true and accurate information and so now respectfully reach out and ask any qualified parties (Canon lawyers, Vatican historians, etc.) to please contact us if they are aware of any credible documentation detailing exactly on what date and by whose authoritythis Papal Decree was officially nullified or amended, if it ever was. We will immediately update and edit this article as necessary with respect to any new verifiable information.
Here below is the full text of the Papal Decree issued on January 11, 1951.
"The Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office: a decree. Wednesday, Dec. 20, 1950.
"The question has been asked of this Supreme Sacred Congregation whether Catholics may be members of the association commonly called "the Rotary club."
And on the 26th of the same month and year, His Holiness Pope Pius XII approved the resolution and ordered it published, after hearing it in an audience granted to His Excellency the Assessor of the Holy Office.
Marino Marani, Notary of the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office."
Pope Francis, while he was still Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Buenos Aires, was elected to and accepted an honorary membership in the Rotary Club in 1999. This fact is proudly displayed on The Rotary Club website, and below you will see a copy of Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio's letter of acknowledgement and acceptance to Juan Carlos Becciu, president of the Buenos Aires Rotary Club (along with an English translation of the text).
CATHOLICISM AND ROTARY – STILL AN OPEN QUESTION ?
Rotary International explains the relationship of The Rotary Club and The Catholic Church in a website article titled "Catholicism and Rotary" (below). It incorrectly states that Pope Pius VI addressed The Rotary Club in 1970 (Pope Pius VI died in 1799). We have found a speechPope Paul VI gave to conference attendees of Rotary International in Italy on March 20, 1965 (The Rotarian, June, 1965 issue), and also in Rome in November of 1970, and again in Milan, 1974. However, there is no evidence in any of his speeches that he had actually and formally reversed the Papal Decree of Pope Pius XII forbidding priests from Rotary membership.
As the article points out, it is true that Pope John Paul II spoke to Rotary International members in Italy both in 1979 and (as part of a larger meeting with other groups) in the year 2000. Nowhere in these speeches though does he say that the ban on Catholic priests from belonging to Rotary International had ever been lifted. An important distinction should and must be made between giving a speech to a group of people and holding or endorsing membership in an organization. Pope John Paul II also spoke to banking associations and space research conference attendees at one time or another, but that obviously does not make him either an investment banker or an astronaut.
Pope Francis is the first known Pope to receive and accept a Rotary Club Membership.
The article also states that The Catholic Truth Society declared that "Rotary is neither secret nor seditious". However, The Catholic Truth Society is only a publishing house based in London and of course holds no real Church authority to reverse a Papal Decree.
It would be only logical to assume that if indeed the Rotary Club was able to concretely demonstrate that the Papal Decree of 1951 specifically prohibiting clergy from belonging to The Rotary Club was ever officially reversed then they wouldcertainly mention it. They don't.
from 'Catholicism and Rotary – Rotary Club of Eureka
The problem seems to have started in Spain in 1928 when a bishop laid charges that Rotary was nothing but a new Satanic organization. The church also criticized and condemned Rotary for showing a concept of life of service without reference to church teaching. Indeed, it seems that the church believed it was a secret society with quasi-religious overtones. For whatever reason, the Vatican took up the reins and in 1929 it issued a decree that "it is not expedient" for Catholic priest to participate in Rotary either as members or guest. This decree and its application was worrisome to many Catholics in Rotary not the least of which was then RI President Tom Sutton who was himself a Catholic.
Critical and at times disparaging articles regularly appeared in Catholic newspapers. Sutton's attempts to convince the Secretary of State at the Vatican were fruitless and the anti-Rotary articles continued to be published.
The factual errors were shown to be false and by 1933 there was a mood swing in the Vatican. Priests were now allowed to use their discretion about attending or even joining Rotary. Nevertheless, one of the results of the church attitude was a slow development of Rotary in predominantly Catholic countries such as Ireland.
The uneasy peace continued until 1951 when yet another Vatican decree warned Priests that they should not join Rotary and that the faithful should be aware of seditious and suspected organizations.
But the world was changing and the decree caused an immediate angry response among others, from the then-Catholic and RI President Arthur Laqueux, and even from the Rotarian, Catholic Bishop of Fort Wayne Indiana who publicly declared the decree "quite incomprehensible."
Fairly soon, the Vatican begin to react and by the end of the decade, the Catholic Truth Society was able to declare that Rotary is neither secret nor seditious. Gradually there was a thaw in the relationship between the church and Rotary. In 1970 Pope Pius VI addressed Rotarians in Italy and in 1979 Pope John Paul II spoke at the Rotary International convention in Rome praising many of Rotary's humanitarian programs. Later, Pope John Paul II accepted a Paul Harris Fellowship and a World Understanding and Peace award from Rotary.
Finally, before becoming Pope Francis, then-Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio accepted an honorary membership in the Rotary Club of Buenos Aires.
Father Linus Clovis recently stated the following in a speech about 'The Francis Effect':
"I came across a quote from someone who knew him (Pope Francis) in Argentina. 'Apparently, he loves to be loved by all and please everyone, so one day he could make a speech on TV against abortion, and the next day, on the same television show, bless the pro-abortion feminists in the Plaza de Mayo; He can give a wonderful speech against the Masons and, a few hours later, be dining and drinking with them in the Rotary Club.' So, how can you make a decision about a man like this, who is everybody's friend?"
It should also be remembered that on March 14, 2013, the very day after the election of Pope Francis, the Grand Master of the Grand Orient Masonic Lodge of Italy gave a speech congratulating Jorge Bergoglio on his win. The high-level mason's words, just one day after the release of 'Pope Francis' onto the world seem highly improbable and even eerily prophetic to say the least:
"A man of the poor and far from the Curia. Fraternity and dialogue are his first concrete words: maybe in the new Church nothing will ever be like before. It is our auspicious that the Francesco's pontificate, the pope who 'comes from the end of the world' may signify the return of the Church-Word versus the Church-institution, promoting an open relationship with the contemporary world, with non believers and not through the springtime of Vatican II". The Jesuit who is close to the last of history has the great opportunity to show the world the face of a Church that must recuperate the annunciation of a new humanity, not the weight of an institutionsheltered in defense of its own privileges. Bergoglio knows real life and will remember the lesson of one of his landmark theologists, Romano Guardini, who said truth and love cannot be separated. The simple cross that he wore on his white vest gives us hope that a Church of the people may find again the ability to dialogue with all men of good will and with Free Masonry which, as the Latin America experience teaches, works for the common good and progress of humanity, following Bolivar, Allende and Jose' Marti' to mention a few. This is the 'white smoke' that we are waiting for from the Church of our time" – Gustavo Raffi, Grand Master, Grande Oriente d' Italia, March 14, 2013.
It is also most curious to find Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio demonstrating this easily recognizable masonic "hidden-hand" sign while posing for a snapshot photo in 2008 in Argentina. Masons learn this secret hand signal as part of completing the 13th Degree ("The Royal Arch Degree") of Scottish Rite Freemasonry and knowledge of it permits the initiate to go through the 'second veil' during the ceremony. Other famous masons and powerful men have often been known to exhibit this hidden-hand sign in portraits throughout history. Some examples include: Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx, Napoleon Bonaparte, Salomon Rothschild, and George Washington.
Another very strange coincidence is that on 12.13.14 the city of Bologna, Italy erected a public light display with obvious occult significance and masonic icons partly in remembrance of the sinister P2 Masonic Lodge's bombing of a train station in the city in 1980. This date, December 13, 2014 happens to also be the 45th anniversary of the day that Jorge Mario Bergoglio was ordained as a priest (12.13.69). For much more on this story, please see The Lights & Darkness of Christmas.
It is beyond the scope of this article to delve into what freemasonry really is and its history with the Catholic Church. For more on that topic please see The Church's Enemies Within The Church.
Here is a brief synopsis of some of the Catholic Church's recent positional statements on freemasonry:
1980 – The German Bishops Conference produced a report on Freemasonry with the following findings:
1) Freemasonry denies revelation and objective truth
2) Religious indifference is fundamental to Freemasonry
3) Freemasonry is Deist and denies the possibility of divine revelation
4) The sacramental character of Masonic rituals was seen as signifying an individual transformation, offering an alternative path to perfection and having a total claim on the life of a member
5) All masonic lodges are forbidden to Catholics, including 'Catholic-friendly lodges'
1983 – Prefect Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, with the personal approval of Pope John Paul II, issues a Declaration on Masonic Associations, which reiterated the Church's objections to Freemasonry. It states:
"The faithful who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion…." and "…the Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic association(s) remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and therefore membership in them remains forbidden."
1985 – The U.S. Catholic Conference Bishops' Committee on Pastoral Research and Practices concludes in a letter to U.S. Bishops:
"the principles and basic rituals of Masonry embody a naturalistic religion, active participation in which is incompatible with Christian faith and practice."
2007 – Archbishop Gianfranco Girotti, the regent of the Apostolic Penitentiary stated that membership in Masonic organizations "remains forbidden" to Catholics and called on priests who had declared themselves to be Freemasons to be disciplined by their direct superiors.
Exposing the Modernist Vatican II Church
« Is Francis a Valid Pope? Why it DOES Matter
Novus Ordo Wire
News Digest November 12, 2014 »
Put on your Surprise Face…
Jorge Bergoglio is Honorary Member of Masonic Rotary Club in Buenos Aires
In 1999, the then-"Archbishop" of Buenos Aires, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, was named an Honorary Member of theBuenos Aires Rotary Club, a service organization that embraces the heretical ideals of Freemasonry, Naturalism, and Secularism. On July 26 of that year, "Archbishop" Bergoglio sent a warm thank-you note to the club's president, which has been posted online at the Rotary Club's web site and can still be accessed there:
"Archbishop" Bergoglio's Letter to President of Buenos Aires Rotary Club
What follows is an English translation of this letter:
Archbishopric of Buenos Aires
Prot. Nº 753/99
Buenos Aires, July 26th, 1999
JUAN CARLOS BECCIÚ
Buenos Aires Rotary Club
San Martín 969, P. 8º
1004 – Buenos Aires
I am particularly pleased to address Mr. President to acknowledge receipt of the kind note that you sent me together with the Honorary Secretary dated the 23rd of the current month, whereby you kindly confirm me as an Honorary Associate of this prestigious institution.
I thank you warmly for this kindness, and at the same time I congratulate you for the outstanding work that you perform for the good of the community.
I reiterate to you the expressions of my heartfelt appreciation.
[stamp]
Mgr. JORGE MARIO BERGOGLIO
ARCHBISHOP OF BUENOS AIRES
PRIMATE OF ARGENTINA
When Bergoglio was elected "Pope" of the Vatican II Sect on March 13, 2013, the Buenos Aires Rotary Club posted the following note on its web site (click to enlarge; translation below):
H. H. POPE FRANCIS
The Buenos Aires Rotary Club asks the Creator to help and protect pope Francis, and manifests its joy because the then Archbishop of Buenos Aires received in 2005 the "Silver Laurel to the Personality of the Year" with which the Club distinguishes the most relevant personalities of the community.
So, what does the Catholic Church say about the Rotary Club and similar associations?
Reality Check: The Catholic Church condemns the Rotary Club
[The following is taken from Radio Cristiandad, with some adjustments; our translation]
The first condemnations of Rotarianism by the Roman Catholic Church took place in Spain in 1928, by the Bishops of Palencia, Orense, Tuy, Leon, and Almeria, who denounced the Rotarian movement as "a new satanic organization, close to Freemasonry, execrable and perverse".
The Declaration of the Bishop of Palencia (August 28, 1928) warns among other things that "good Catholics cannot be part of the so-called Rotary Clubs […]" and that "Rotarianism purports to be a moral and moralizing institution, that sets out to influence the lives of individuals, families, and peoples, while absolutely discarding, as an association, all religious ideas and all kinds of relations with God and Jesus Christ Our Redeemer".
All this implies that "the Rotarian institution, as such, explicitly makes profession of an absolute secularism, a universal religious indifference, and tries to radically moralize individuals and societies by means of a naturalist, rationalist and even atheistic doctrine" [1].
The much shorter and more conclusive Warning of the Bishop of Orense to his faithful considers that the Rotary Clubs "are nothing short of new satanic organisms, equal to Freemasonry in spirit and origin, however they may try to disguise themselves and to appear with the mark of pure humanitarianism and even Christian charity and universal, generous, full, and legitimate brotherhood" [2].
The Sacred Pastoral Visit of the Bishop of Tuy (Vigo, October 8, 1928) warns that "for good Catholics there are and there can be no other means of improvement in the religious, moral, and social order than those that have as their foundation the principles of the religion, the morality, and the sociology of Christ, the one true Savior of mankind" [3].
The Pastoral Letter of the Bishop of Leon adds the Rotarians to the list of enemies of the Roman Catholic Church, which also includes Protestants, Indifferentists, and Freemasons, all of whom are "harmoniously associated" in scheming "against our holy religion, the Church, and her ministers" [4].
The Bishop of Almeria's Pastoral Letter on the Occasion of the upcoming Season of Advent asks his faithful to separate themselves from whatever can jeopardize their souls, pointing out that Rotarianism, by possessing a "Rotarian code of ethics", falls into "secularism" and "naturalism", and does not confine itself "to the speculative, mercantile and economic profession", but invades "the social and domestic life, friends, spouses, parents, brothers and citizens in general", supposedly "making them better" [5].
The Roman Catholic Church censors the Rotarians' grounding of morality without any reference to Christ and His only Church; this is not only because the Magisterium teaches that Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus ("outside the Church there is no salvation") [6] but also because "the Catholic religion, … as it is the only one that is true, cannot, without great injustice, be regarded as merely equal to other religions" (Leo XIII, Encyclical Humanum Genus, 16).
Indeed, it is not possible for a Catholic Christian to live his relationship with God in a twofold manner, that is to say, dividing it into a humanitarian-supraconfessional form and an inward-Christian form. He cannot breed relations of two kinds with God, nor express his relation with the Creator by means of symbolic forms of two kinds. It would be something completely different, it is obvious, from that collaboration of all who are committed to the accomplishment of the good, although proceeding from different principles. On the other hand, a Catholic Christian cannot at the same time partake in the full communion of Christian brotherhood and yet look at his Christian brother from the Masonic or Rotarian perspective, as a "secularist".
Though there be no explicit obligation [for Rotarians] to profess relativism as a doctrine — as has been stated — even so the relativizing force of such a [Rotarian] fraternity, by its own inner logic, has in itself the capacity of transforming the structure of the act of Faith in such a radical way that it is not acceptable on the part of a Christian "who loves his faith" (Leo XIII).
Moreover, this disturbance of the fundamental structure of the act of Faith usually occurs in a smooth and unnoticed way: The solid adhesion to the truth of God, revealed in the Church, becomes a simple affiliation to an institution, considered as a particular representative form, along with other representative forms, more or less possible and valid, of the way human beings are oriented towards matters of eternity.
In the Pastoral Admonition of the Cardinal Primate of Spain and Archbishop of Toledo (January 23, 1929), on "neutral institutions", including the "International Rotary Club", the Most Eminent and Right Reverend Dr. Pedro Segura y Sáenz (1880-1957) identifies as the intrinsic evil of so-called neutral institutions that "they conceal the denial of the true morality and the true Religion, which they attempt to replace with a morality and a religion that is not that of Jesus Christ", "while preaching a morality without religion to achieve universal peace", "under a commercial, recreational, educational, philanthropic, international, and neutral but always secular appearance".
This leads without doubt to including the "Rotary Club" among those associations "suspectis aut quae se studeant sese a legitima Ecclesiae vigilantia subducere", "suspect associations or those that seek to distance themselves from the legitimate vigilance of the Church" (Can. 684, 1917 Code of Canon Law; cf. Can. 336).
On February 4, 1929, the Holy See prohibited priests from participating in Rotarian meetings as members or as guests. This prohibition was reiterated by means of a Decree of the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office of December 20, 1950.
[1] Cf. Boletín Eclesiástico del Obispado de Palencia, año LXXVIII, sábado, 1 de septiembre de 1928, nº 77, pág. 391 y ss.
[2] Cf. Boletín Oficial Eclesiástico del Obispado de Orense, año XVC, nº 14, 7 de septiembre de 1928, págs. 223 y 224.
[3] Cf. Boletín Oficial del Obispado de Tuy, octubre de 1928.
[4] Cf. Boletín Oficial del Obispado de León, 26 de noviembre de 1928, pág. 500.
[5] Boletín Eclesiástico de la Diócesis de Almería, 30 de noviembre de 1928, págs. 316-319.
[6] Cf. Sanctum Officium, Epistula ad Archiepiscopum Bostoniensem (8 augusti 1949).
Mr. Jorge Bergoglio giving a Masonic handshake to Fr. Joseph Ratzinger,
himself an expert in Masonic handshakes (see below)
The Masonic Handshakes of Benedict XVI
This video gives convincing proof that Fr. Joseph Ratzinger, "Pope" Benedict XVI, routinely used Masonic handshakes when meeting certain high-profile individuals, while shaking hands normally with others. Though the creator of this video is an anti-Catholic Protestant (and therefore does not believe Benedict XVI to have been an Antipope of the False Vatican II Church but the true Pope of the Roman Catholic Church), this is not relevant to the evidence presented. The true Catholic Church has long condemned Freemasonry and forbidden Catholics from joining the Masons. This attitude did not change until the death of the last known true Pope, Pius XII (1958), after whom the first of the current Antipopes, John XXIII, took over and began the revolution ushered in with the Second Vatican Council.
Nov 9, 2014, 10:38 PM
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DISTRICTS CLUBS RI ARCHIVES HISTORY CALENDAR HISTORY OUTLINE DISCUSSION
COORDINATOR NEEDED COMMITTEE WHAT'S NEW? UPDATES
Brief histories of the first clubs of each geographic region
Rotary Club of Jerusalem, the First Club of Israel
Rotary International District 2490
Part of our History of Rotary in Asia Section
Unlike some of the other Middle Eastern countries such as Turkey and Egypt, the racial differences in Jerusalem do not seem to have caused any serious problems for establishing Rotary. The local people had a far more international outlook which helped. Davidson found that there was already in existence the nucleus of a Rotary Club brought together by Rotarian Edward Wicher of San Anselmo, California, who at the time was spending a year as a Professor in the American School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. Jim Davidson and Wisher were able to bring together Jews, Arabs, British and Turks into a club. Davidson said that the club gave strong evidence of unity and hoped that its influence would spread to other cities in Palestine . Although he left Jerusalem on February 9, 1929, the club was officially chartered on the same day as the Cairo club, March 11, 1929.
Associate Commissioner Willem De Cock Buning made several follow-up visits in 1929/1930 to see how these and other new clubs were progressing. During these visits Buning discussed further developments in their countries; he also presented Rotary flags to Athens, Cairo and Jerusalem as the first clubs in their respective countries.
Above, researched and written by RGHF Senior Historian Basil Lewis (UK) 3 May 2007
In 1928 James W. (Jim) Davidson, General Commissioner of Rotary International, a past president of the Calgary, Alberta, Rotary Club, answered a call from Rotary International to carry the Rotary ideal to Asia, to the Near East, to southern Asia and to the Far East. The journey took three years and started in Istanbul. Jim's wife and daughter accompanied him on his long odyssey, which covered 12,000 miles and took them to the shores of the Pacific.
The second stop was Athens and from there the Davidson's continued to Cairo where on January 2nd 1929, the Cairo club was founded with 22 charter members, and Clare Martin, manager of Shell Oil, as President.
Jim Davidson then proceeded to Jerusalem by train to join Dr. Edward Wicher, a Rotarian from San Anselmo, California, who, helped by three or four Jerusalem residents, had prepared the ground for a club in the Holy City. The founding meeting of the Jerusalem Rotary Club took place on January 22nd 1929 at the St. John's Hotel in the Old City. The first President was J.W. Crowfoot, a British archaeologist; the Secretary was Vladamir Wolfson, manger of Shell Oil. There were 21 charter members, most of them British officials; in those tense times the club could not have been founded at all without strong British support.
The charter members of Jerusalem, in 1929
Indeed, it was a remarkable achievement and a credit to Rotary, that there were both Arab and Jewish members as well. However, the inclusion of such outstanding scholars as Norman Bentwich, Canon Danby and Hugo Bergman among the charter members ensured rapid admission to Rotary International on March 11th, less then seven weeks after the formal organizational meeting.
The Cairo Rotary Club, founded just 20 days earlier, sponsored the Jerusalem club and presented it with the Rotary Bell which has served the club every since.
The Jerusalem Rotary Club began life at a time of sharpened political tensions, shortly before the Hebron program that left many Jewish residents dead. The general situation did not improve. Indeed the five years from 1936 to 1940 where worse still.
Nevertheless, the Rotary spirit protected relations within the Jerusalem Rotary Club, and British, Arab and Jewish Rotarians continued their weekly meetings, providing a haven for harmony and free discussion. A second club was established in 1933 in Haifa as a result of Clare Martin's preparatory work.
It was the Jerusalem Club that takes credit for establishing the third club in Tel Aviv-Yaffo through the efforts of two of its members, the architect Chaikin and Halabi.
If the general situation was unsettling during those early years, this was mirrored in the Jerusalem Club's quest for a permanent home. From its first "home" in 1929, St. John's Hotel in the Old City, the Club moved to the old Fast Hotel, then to the new Fast Hotel, the Soldier's Hostel on St. Paul's Road, the YMCA in Allenby Square, Darouti's Hotel and the King David Hotel. Finally, in 1953, the Rotary Club moved to its current home, the Jerusalem YMCA on King David Street.
During the Second World War, the Club continued to meet regularly and continued to include British, Jewish and Arab members. In 1944 Lars Lind of the Jerusalem Club was elected District Governor, the only member of a club in Palestine so honored during the British Mandate. The Club sustained a membership of nearly 60 Rotarians throughout the war years.
Elie Eliashar, who was Club President in 1946-47, recalled this period:
"Jerusalem was geographically one City uniting Old and New, sacred to Jewish, Christians and Muslims everywhere. the rule was British but political strife was ripe. The more sacred the interests, the more difficult it was to find common ground for meetings and understanding.
"Such a center was the Rotary Club which gathered round the President's Rotary Bell. Britishers in high government employ, members of the Consular Corps, Moslems and Christian Arabs and Jews. Disturbances and riots did not prevent Rotarians from meeting under most difficult conditions. Once around the tables at the King David Hotel or the YMCA, all differences were set aside. Collaboration was intimate and friendly for the good of Jerusalem and in matters of social welfare, the Club often serving as a moderator of public opinion."
Following the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948, contact with other clubs in the 89th District (Egypt, Sudan, Cyprus, Lebanon and Syria) was impossible, so Rotary International granted autonomy to the three Israeli clubs in Jerusalem, Haifa and Tel Aviv-Yaffo.
When the Jerusalem Club was established, its meetings were conducted in English and they still are today. New members from abroad are drawn to the Club partly because of their lack of proficiency in Hebrew. As a result, diplomats, international civil servants and representatives of different religions find a home at Wednesday lunch meetings at the "Y." Visiting Rotarians here as tourists or on short term assignments or attending conferences also find their way to the Club's table knowing that the guest speaker will address the gathering in English.
The international make-up of the Jerusalem Rotary Club and its guests, enables the Club to identify partners for joint ventures in much needed social projects. American Canadian, Dutch, German, Italian and Swedish Rotary Clubs have participated in a variety of such projects during the past decade, benefiting institutions that provide medical equipment to the needy, integrated education to the handicapped, and support for Israel-Arab understanding and cooperation.
Help to the community is a central theme in the activities of the Jerusalem Club, and nothing illustrates this more effectively than the thirty years of non-stop scholarships for Jerusalem's needy secondary school students provided through the Club's Jerusalem Rotary Foundation.
Centennial Bell in Jerusalem in 2003. RGHF board member Irene Lewitt, second from right. Fourth from the right is PDG Yael Lazaros, the second woman DG.
(Source: History of the Jerusalem Rotary Club, Benad Avital, Lucien Harris and Don Edelstein, editors, 1999)
Rotary Global History Day Israel 2009
Published 24. January 2016
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Awarded with 2 Michelin stars and 17 Gault Millau points you will be captivated by the creative, seasonal gourmet cuisine from the chef Jan Hartwig and his team. They will delight you with first-class service, food and excellent wines. Your palate will be delighted. But your other senses will be as well.


My oldest child leaves for college in less than a month. Where have 18 years gone? Losing my full time job over a year ago has made money very tight. After studying the pbTeen catalog it was off to the resale shops and clearance shelves at Target. My daughter selected the comforter and pillow sham on the very discounted clearance shelf. Thrifty girl! Mom rolled up her sleeves and said, "I can recreate the catalog look with a few cheap finds and a little paint." We found the adorable step table at St. Vincent de Paul Resale Shop. After a coat of primer and three coats of white paint, it was transformed into the cutest bed side table. A free picture frame, some white linen, paint, padding and a board made this one of a kind bulletin board. In July while I was doing the Vintage Market at Viva la Cottage we spied the great vintage shadow box in Carol's booth from the Vintage Nest. Primer and paint created the perfect place for a few keepsakes. I love the embossed plaster design. It is in perfect condition.
My daughter's room will be a place she can call home! I am sure I will miss having her in the bedroom down the hall.
I feel my eyes becoming very watery.
Our daughter will be a sophomore in college this year--it's hard to let them go, but fun to watch them fly. You did a great job with the accessories--will she be in the dorm?
She is one lucky girl to have such a beautiful collection for her room. Great job!
My son is in college! Whenever he dates a girl and brings her to our house, she wants him to help her paint some furniture! Ha Ha, he always says, He has no clue how, and my Mom charges to much!!! It all looks so cute!


Something really cool that came out of It's Business Time and working with Tiffany Han was getting clear on my own personal branding, and creating something called a brand tree.
Now, "branding" is a term that I want to dig into more, and learn more about. I feel like it can be one of those smokescreen words, corporate-speak. I want to get clear on what branding means to me, what it can do for a business, and where to start crafting a new brand, so it doesn't feel so overwhelming. So, I'm going to write my way through this learning, as I do with just about everything, here on my blog.
So, back in March of this year, I hadn't yet started the It's Business Time program. I was still in Tiffany's 100 Rejection Letters program. And as part of that, I was developing my own brand. In this post, I wrote about the process and shared what I had come up with so far.
Then the whirlwind of the crowdfunding campaign happened, and before I knew what was happening, I was in the It's Business Time program and the real branding adventure began!
It's so interesting to look back to the one in this post and compare.
How do I use the brand tree? Well, I keep it on the wall above my desk, and often I'll look at it, just for inspiration, or when I'm kind of staring off into space while creating. The core values are the roots of my brand, and they help me when I'm coming up with new ideas or trying to figure out if an upcoming project fits in my brand. The brand words in the middle are the three things that everything I do or put out there into the world must be. The three words are not meant to be limiting, but rather a guideline to help me remember what my brand is all about. And the branches at the top are the three ways that my business manifests... the things that I do and create.


Abstract: Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs) have been proposed as a technique for remote authentication of ob jects. The security is based on basic quantum information theoretic principles and the assumption that the adversary cannot losslessly implement arbitrary unitary transformations on a K-dimensional state space, with K "large". We consider all possible attacks in which the adversary bases his response on challenge state estimation by measurements. We first analyze the security of QR-PUF schemes in the case where each challenge consists of precisely n identical quanta. We use a result by Bruss and Macchiavello to derive an upper bound on the adversary's success probability as a function of K and n. Then we generalize to challenges that contain a probabilistic number of quanta, and in particular a Poisson distribution.


Very relevant post (for me at least) really glad you're still around DEY!!!
Apparently a song about the feeling accompanying what happens when you get too OLD. I always thought it was about falling asleep. Close enough I guess. Great use of metaphor: eyelids falling, the curtain coming down, the end.
Now the meaning of that sample of the orchestra warming up after the first section ends is more apparent. "Nowhere comes closer." The curtain is down. The orchestra ceases tuning-up. The conductor clacks the baton. The curtain raises and then: beyond.
Alan Dubin is certainly a poet of some sort.
Yes still around BassyT. I request the site every now and then. Check out the new (well old, 2013) Gnaw album, 'Water Rite' is a revelation.
I literally just finished listening to this album. Weird stuff, and it makes me wonder why Plotkin and Dubin haven't reformed OLD with how electronic music is nowadays.


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The Raider Wire
Strong and Determined NFHS JROTC team takes on the Raider Meet competition in the last heat of September
On Sept. 8, from 6 a.m to 2 p.m, the NFHS JROTC team participated in the Raider Meet, a competition hosted by Lumpkin High School. The meet consists of six events which tests the endurance of each...
Raider Team Season Comes to an End
The NFHS Raider Team is operated under the JROTC program at North Forsyth High School. Gunny Snook supervises the group as they compete as a military-style physical fitness team. They compete against other...
An Empire
Sydney Jarrard, Staff Writer
It's mesmerizing how a complex, unique structure can fall at the mere lick of a flame. The bonds between stone and mortar are strong throughout centuries of downpour, sunlight...
How (NOT) to Play Among Us January 18, 2021
Saying Goodbye to 2020: Five Things You May Have Missed During the Year January 17, 2021
Are the Covid-19 Vaccines Safe? January 16, 2021
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I must confess i hate conferences. Well, i've been hating them, since i've never been to so many of them in such a short period of time, and because i'm not making the most of attending to these things. Conferences are not only places of discussion and learning with some of the best minds in a specific field, but mostly a place to interact with them, network with like minded people, make new friends, get into someone else's list of professional contacts. Lately i've been feeling like a teenager avoiding all the cool kids. I'm starting to think i'm losing people's skills, or my charm doesn't work around here. I come from a different culture, and you brits sometimes don't make it easy. But some do, actually, as i found out after the end of the conference, over a few beers.
Other people that i managed to talk to IRL (in real life) for the first time we're Laura Oliver, from journalism.co.uk, but i failed to meet Judith Townend. I got to "e-talk" with them a bit in the last two years, so it's easy to have the "i kinda know you" feeling. Another great moment was when I intercepted Andy Dickinson, whom i must convince to taste some Portuguese wines, I owe him a bottle anyway. But if you've ever been to these events, you know it's all three minute conversations, then change counterparts. After three beers in a nearly empty stomach i was feeling like a pinball (so unprofessional of me…) but i got to talk to Dave Lee, Adam Westbrook, Josh Halliday, and Phillip John that i already knew from Birmingham. But it was nice to get to talk to these guys in person, they are what i thought of them: smart and to be followed in their online presences, there is a lot to be learned from them.
You should check these websites to get a better picture of what happened during the conference: news:rewired, of course, with all the profiles of the speakers and some accounts on the sessions; Andy Dickinson talks about one of the sessions he attended; Adam Tinworth also reports on the sessions he attended.
Now i'm working on my assignments for the MA and looking for a place to work for the Labs phase next semester. This was a useful event for me, nonetheless, and i might profit from it in the near future. At least that's what i hope. And if you see me at one of these things, please approach me, i might not recognize you, be offline, or just too shy that day.
Here are some images of the conference.


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  <title>Football Vis</title>

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          <select ng-change="changeSeason(selected_season_year)" ng-model="selected_season_year" name="selected_season_year"
          id="selected_season_year">
            <option value="2013%2F2014">2013 - 2014</option>
            <option value="2012%2F2013">2012 - 2013</option>
            <option value="2011%2F2012">2011 - 2012</option>
            <option value="2010%2F2011">2010 - 2011</option>
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              id="away_filter"
              name="check" />

Looking at all played matches, what is the average probability that a {{ top_five_type }} top five Premier League team scores during {{ set_match_type_heading_text }} ?

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Obama Eases Rules on Canceled Health Plans
By Tamara Lytle, November 14, 2013 02:08 PM
President Barack Obama will ease rules that were causing some people to lose their health insurance under the health care law, he announced Nov. 14.
Obama had repeatedly promised that consumers who like their health insurance plans could keep them under the new system. But some people who buy their own insurance - as opposed to getting it through an employer - found their plans canceled by insurers in recent weeks because they didn't meet the minimum standards the law requires.
Obama said he understands why people are upset: "I hear you loud and clear. I said we would do all we can to fix this problem, and today we are doing it."
The complaints of angry consumers came on top of the criticism of the faulty HealthCare.gov website for finding insurance.
"We fumbled the rollout on this health care law," Obama said. "That's on me."
>> Sign up for the AARP Money newsletter .
The new rule means that insurers can continue to offer their existing customers plans that don't meet the minimum requirements, even if they bought their policies after the law passed. Republicans have proposed also allowing insurers to continue offering the plans to new customers. But the White House said that would undermine the risk pools of the new health insurance marketplaces.
Senior White House officials who spoke on the condition they not be named said the new law will allow a one-year renewal of plans. Most people who buy their own insurance do so for a year or less - as, say, a stopgap measure between jobs. The officials said they are still hopeful such customers will find not only better choices in the new insurance marketplaces but also, for many of them, financial assistance available under the health care law to buy it.
The new rule requires that insurance companies tell customers what benefits they are missing out on and inform them that the new insurance marketplaces may have financial assistance and better coverage.
Republicans have long attacked Obamacare, but the president said he wouldn't walk away from a measure that can help millions of people without health insurance: "I am confident by the time we look back on this next year, people are going to say this is working well and it's helping a lot of people."
>> Get discounts on financial products and services with your AARP Member Advantages.
Enrollments Low in First Month of Health Sites
Slideshow: Should You Invest in Collectibles?
Support Typhoon Haiyan Relief Fund to Aid Elderly Victims
benefits Obamacare insurance Law marketplaces PPACA aca Barack Obama Washington Watch tamara lytle coverage


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Q: JButtons acting up in paintComponent() I am sorry about the non-descriptive title but I am not sure how to communicate the problems. For starters the JButtons every now and again are creating themselves multiple times in the same order that the loop should create them. Another issue I am having is that when I reposition them using the setLocation() method it creates new JButtons where I want them but also leaves the old ones where they are. I don't know if I just have to refresh the graphics or what is going on. Thanks for the help.
the array playerHand()is defined in the Player class and is 5 in length.
public void paintComponent(java.awt.Graphics g){
    setBackground(Color.GREEN);

    // create a Graphics2D object from the graphics object for drawing shape
    Graphics2D gr=(Graphics2D) g;

    for(int x=0;x<Player.hand.size();x++){
        Card c = Player.hand.get(x);                    //c = current element in array
        c.XCenter = 30 + 140*x;
        c.XCord = c.XCenter - 30;
        c.YCord = 0;

        //5 pixel thick pen
        gr.setStroke(new java.awt.BasicStroke(3));
        gr.setColor(Color.black);                       //sets pen color to black
        gr.drawRect(c.XCord, c.YCord, c.cardWidth-1, c.cardHeight-1);          //draws card outline
        gr.setFont(new Font("Serif", Font.PLAIN, 18));

        gr.drawString(c.name, c.XCord+10, c.YCord+20);

        gr.drawString("Atk: ", c.XCord+10, c.YCord+60);
        gr.drawString(""+c.attack, c.XCord+60, c.YCord+60);

        gr.drawString("Def: ", c.XCord+10, c.YCord+80);
        gr.drawString(""+c.defence, c.XCord+60, c.YCord+80);

        gr.drawString("HP: ", c.XCord+10, c.YCord+100);
        gr.drawString(""+c.health, c.XCord+60, c.YCord+100);

        JButton button = new JButton(c.name);
        button.setSize(c.cardWidth, c.cardHeight);
        //button.setLocation(c.XCord, c.YCord);
        this.add(button);
        repaint();
    }
}   //end of paintComponent

A: There are several problems (marked by "!!!!" comments) in your method below:
public void paintComponent(java.awt.Graphics g){
    setBackground(Color.GREEN); // !!!!
    Graphics2D gr=(Graphics2D) g;
    for(int x=0;x<Player.hand.size();x++){

        // .... etc ....

        JButton button = new JButton(c.name);  // !!!! yikes !!!!
        button.setSize(c.cardWidth, c.cardHeight);
        //button.setLocation(c.XCord, c.YCord);
        this.add(button);  // !!!! yikes !!!!
        repaint();  // !!!!
    }
}

*

*Do not add components to GUI's in paintComponent(...). Never do this. Ever.

*This method should be for drawing and drawing only and never for program logic or GUI building.

*You do not have full control over when or if it will be called.

*It needs to be as fast as possible so as not to make your program poorly responsive.

*Avoid object creation within paintComponent(...) if possible.

*Avoid file I/O in this method (though not a problem with your code above).

*Don't call setBackground(...) in this method. Do that in the constructor or other method.

*Never call repaint() from within this method.

*Don't forget to call the super's paintComponent(g) method in your override.

To go over your problems:

For starters the JButtons every now and again are creating themselves multiple times in the same order that the loop should create them.

This is because you do not have control over when or how often paintComponent is called. The JVM may call it in response to information from the operating system about a dirty region, or the program may request a repaint, but for this reason, program logic and gui building should never be in this method.

Another issue I am having is that when I reposition them using the setLocation() method it creates new JButtons where I want them but also leaves the old ones where they are.

Quite likely you're seeing image remnants from your not calling the super's paintComponent method. By not doing this, you don't have the JPanel repaint itself and remove old image pixels that need to be replaced or refreshed.

I don't know if I just have to refresh the graphics or what is going on.

No, you need to change just about everything.
It looks like you have to re-think your GUI's program flow and logic and re-write a bit of code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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next fictional religions character >
< previous fictional religions character
The Religious Affiliation of
Dr. Joe Carroll
Religion: Carrollism (founder)
Name: Dr. Joe Carroll
Classification: villain clergy/religious leader
First Appearance: The Following - Season 1, Episode 1 (21 Jan. 2013): "Pilot"
Creators: Kevin Williamson, Marcos Siega, James Purefoy (actor)
Number of Appearances: 15
Enemy of: Ryan Hardy, Mike Weston, Debra Parker
Family/Relative: Claire Matthews (wife)
Occupation: college professor, convict, leader, writer
Worked for: Winslow University
Race: white
Note: obsessed with Edgar Allan Poe
The Following - Season 1, Episode 1 (21 Jan. 2013): "Pilot"
Suggested links for further research about this character and the character's religious affiliation:
- http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0364208/
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Following
- http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2071645/


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Yonsei University- Conference Venue
WPW 2020 will be held at Baekyang-Nuri (The Commons, bldg. #130), Yonsei University Sinchon Campus in Seoul. Yonsei University, as one of most prestigious universities, is about 130 years old historical campus in Korea. Western missionary initiated to establish medical institute first in light of Christian spirit. Today, Yonsei takes pride of 300,000 alumni, 4,800 faculty members and four campuses including Sinchon, Wonju and Songdo. There are over 25,000 undergraduates and graduate students on Sinchon campus. Many alumni exert leadership to make achievements of their own societies.
Baekyang-Nuri (The Commons, bldg.#130) was constructed with the founding spirit to create a novel and active learning environment on campus as well as to contribute to Korea's Economic development and the culture of mankind. Baekyang-Nuri (The Commons) has been renovated on October 2015 in the name of recreation project, to maximize the utility of the basement space. It provides all faculty and students with state of the art facilities, campus atrium, and relaxation.
• Address: Baekyang-Nuri (The Commons), Building #130, Yonsei University
50 Yonsei-ro, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea (Zip code: 03722)
• Phone: +82-2-2123-3819
• Website: https://www.yonsei.ac.kr/en_sc/
How to get to Yonsei University from the Incheon Airport
• Airport Limousine Bus
Take a limousine bus #6011 or #6002 at bus stop #5B or #11B on the 1st floor of the Incheon International Airport. Bus #6011 gets you off at the main gate of Yonsei University, while Bus #6002 drops you at Sinchon subway station. Duration is about one hour. It operates every 20 minutes from 5 am to 8:30 pm. For more information, visit the airport website.
• Subway
Take a train, Airport Railroad (AREX) and transfer to Line #2 at "Hongik University" station. Get off at "Sinchon" station (subway line #2) and get out to way #2 or #3. Duration is 60 minutes. Download Seoul Subway Map or click the website.
Location on Campus Map


The AirMap Pilot REST API allows developers to access and integrate the flight functionalities of AirMap with other applications. Some example API methods include searching for pilots, retrieving pilots, and retrieving pilot details. AirMap sources their own data so that drone manufacturers and developers don't have to to worry about sourcing their own airspace databases. AirMap is an airspace technology firm based in California.


The butterfly's ball, or, The grasshoppers feast.
The child's alphabet, with pictures.
The child's assistant / by Alexander Barrie.
The child's coloured juvenile picture and reading book / with many coloured illustrations.


Zillow has 8 homes for sale in Tarpon Springs FL matching Day Spa. View listing photos, review sales history, and use our detailed real estate filters to find the perfect place.
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Karl and I have taken our backpacks and spraypainted them camo! And we have installed a few components for two test boxes. (Radio, Mainboard, and ISD) You can see me wiring the usb port for the usb key thing. (It stores your personal stats) More to come as we prototype our first two boxes!
The next step in our Lasertag construction project is the preperation of the boxes for our components. We have decided to put all of the electronics in a backpack. But the backpack will need some I/O. We need a rj-45 for the gun, two for the arm-band, a usb for the key, and a hole for the power switch and power plug. How do we do it? We need square holes… Well, the best and nicest way I can think to do it is to use a little thing called a roto-zip bit.
One of my personally favorite websites is YoureTheManNowDog.com. (You may have noticed the cameo in episode 1.) Founded in 2001, an uncountable number of spoofs have been made, and are stored at the sister site, ytmnd.com. There you can setup your own account and create your own YoureTheManNowDog's! I love it. Also, being in Tampa, I live close to the Scientology headquarters in Clearwater. Recently a YoureTheManNowDog has been created that exposes some of the terrible things that the church of Scientology has done.
My friends and I are currently constructing our own lasertag guns using this as a base. Here is our checklist: Construct electronic components using the above milestag components. Get and modify vests to hold components Melt aluminum and pour guns into molds! Rock on! Connect it all together and play! We've go the electronics together. The vests are on their way via UPS, and my friend Karl and I have the furnace ready and we can melt aluminum!


The Charter School Sixth Form football team are the champions! The team stormed to victory in the South London Super League final, beating Ark Academy Putney 2-1.
Having already won the League, the boys claimed their 2nd trophy of the season in an amazing 'Super League' final at Fulham FC's home ground. James Pagel settled the nerves early on when he scored Charter's first goal to make it 1-0. Louis Duncan played in a delightful ball for James and he coolly took the ball round the keeper to score. Louis then made it 2 nil midway through the 2nd half from a long range effort. Putney grabbed a late goal to pull one back but the Charter boys held on to grab a great victory.
Paul Kalambayi was rewarded the man of the match. He was a strong presence in midfield for the entire game with his powerful runs. Other stand out performances came from Adnan Bakir, Tom Ap Rees, Kwabena and Matt Proctor. All the boys were determined to win the final and fought hard to ensure The Charter School left Craven Cottage as the best 6th form football team in South London.
The Charter School Sixth form football team is: Patrick Hawes, Mikey Robinson-Turner, Adnan Bakir, Matt Proctor,David Kolawole,Louis Duncan,Elliot Hardisty,Kwabena Owusu-Ansah,Ibrahim Belal,Tom Ap Rees,James Pagel,Robert Oakes,Jack Robinson, Shae Bryant,Paul Kalambayi, Rufus Love.


Scarlett, newly named Lucy, has been adopted! Lucy's dog family is helping researchers find a treatment and cure for a genetic kidney disease that affects dogs and children. Lucy does not have the gene for this disease. She and Jonathan are already enjoying their time together. Lucy is very playful and loves soft, stuffed toys. Congratulations to both of you – enjoy each other!


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NEWS: NYC is Cracking Down on Workers with Fraudulent Safety Training Cards
Posted by Emilcott Associates
Due to the increasing number of deaths taking place on construction sites, city investigators are showing up undercover at jobsites and arresting workers that are using fake safety training cards, according to the Daily News.
The U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) has required workers to take approved safety courses to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities at job sites. However, in recent years, there has been an increasing issue with workers ignoring the requirement to take these safety courses and instead, using fraudulent safety cards claiming they have been trained.
Since the beginning of 2015, more than 20 workers with these fake cards have been arrested at various different construction sites in New York City.
This sweeping investigation, which is being carried out by the Department of Investigation and the Buildings Department, is a result of the fact that in that last federal fiscal year, the number of construction fatalities in New York City has jumped from 12 to 18.
The most recent arrest was on October 17 with five workers arrested from two sites and forced to leave the jobsite where apartments are being built in Queens and the Bronx. The five workers were arrested by members of the DOI, the Buildings Department and NYPD detectives for having what investigators say are fake OSHA cards. On top of this, another 19 workers were taken off the same two job sites because they did not have any OSHA or safety training cards at all.
According to a buildings department spokesperson, over the last 18 months "numerous inspectors from the Scaffolding Safety unit visited various sites where they identified carrying OSHA and scaffolding training cards that appeared fraudulent." These events were passed on to the DOI which "made arrests when necessary."
Mark Peters, the DOI Commissioner, declined comments on this current, ongoing investigation.
One of the two sites is part of Mayor de Blasio's campaign to save or build 200,000 inexpensive units in 10 years. The site is located on 280 East Burnside Ave in the Bronx. It will include 40 apartments subsidized by taxpayers through the city Housing Preservation and Development Department.
On October 17, officials reported that two workers were each charged with two counts of having a forged instrument. One of the workers also had a fake driver's license.
Safety issues have always been a main concern on the Bronx site. The Buildings Department had to shut the site down on two occasions, starting in December 2014 after finding that the contractors were working without having a safety plan for the site. After this shut down, contractor Walison Corp. had a site safety manager put on the site to supervise. By January 2015, the manager reported that a worker fell 4 feet off a ladder.
The department shut down the site again on September 21, 2015, after finding from reports submitted to the city, that work was not being performed.
On Friday, when probed by the Daily News, a Walison employee declined comment. An HPD spokesperson said that they "perform routine monitoring of construction sites" and if they find "deviations" they "require that the parties address and rectify issues of non-compliance."
That same weekend, three workers were arrested for having fraudulent OSHA cards at a jobsite in Queens, where a 28-story housing building is being built.
Contractors are saying that there is a recent drop in the number of qualified site safety managers. Mike Arvaites, the president of a trade group representing safety officers, said that he has been pressuring the Buildings Department to expedite the approval of trained managers seeking such licenses.
Alexander Schnell, an agency spokesperson, said that the "total universe" of site safety applicants in 2013 and 2014 was 102, he also reported that since then 31 have been approved. He continued that "the remaining ones didn't pass the examination or were not granted approval for other reasons based upon lack of qualification." Schnell also reported that by September, 26 of the applicants were under review for approval because thy passed their qualification tests. Only seven of those 26 had been waiting for more than six months.
Update: Thousands of Construction Workers Rally for Safety Protections Downtown
Written by: Gina Mogavero & Paula Kaufmann.
Topics: OSHA, workplace safety, OSHA Compliance, worker safety, Occupational Safety, safety, safety training, heavy equipment safety


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Fossilgasfällan October 11, 2019
Gothenburg: A big win for the fossil gas resistance
This week the Swedish government announced that a major new gas terminal in Gothenburg will not be connected to the Swedish gas grid. This victory for the climate came about thanks to the efforts of the local group Fossilgasfällan. Here is their story.
Credit: Folk vs Fossilgas/ Flickr
This is a guest post by the local group Fossilgasfällan who launched their campaign against the Gothenburg terminal in early 2017. A version of this text was originally published on their website: fossilgasfallan.se/a-big-win-our-story
It has been a difficult task to make our government understand the true nature of "natural" gas (= fossil gas). When the campaign started fossil gas was a non issue here in Sweden. It was not on the political agenda, and barely even on the agenda of the climate movement. Needless to say, there was a lot of work to be done.
Since the campaign started, over a thousand people have signed our petition against the terminal and thousands of emails have been sent to the ministers in charge of the issue to really make sure they know the facts, and know what the people want.
We've held a vast number of talks about fossil gas and written opinion pieces, to inform the public on this issue. We've had countless meetings with NGOs, decision makers and other grassroots.
We've spent hundreds of hours on research and we've enjoyed a number of long (and fun!) strategy workshops together.
We've connected with gas fighters from all across the world – through social media and solidarity actions, as well as activist conferences and climate actions all across Europe.
Credit: Jana Eriksson
In the summer of 2017, we came together with other organisations to organise a climate camp and our first big action: An extravagant protest with kayaks outside the Port of Gothenburg.
Still, the ministers responsible for the issue refused to meet us.
Only after disturbing a talk held by then Minister of Energy Ibrahim Baylan, he finally agreed to a meeting with us. However, still not willing to give a straight answer about the final permit for the terminal.
Credit: Fossilgasfällan
In December 2018 another action of civil disobedience was organised: a blockade at the Energy Harbour in the Port of Gothenburg blocking trucks from entering.
Finally the issue was starting to gain attention – we received a lot of media attention. But still, our ministers responsible for granting or denying the final permit for the fossil gas terminal, did not give us a clear answer. Would they allow or deny an increased import of fossil gas to Sweden?
We kept organising. Our Monday meetings (each or every other week) were a time for brainstorming, planning, having fun and caring for each other. Support from larger organisations grew and journalists would come to us with questions. We organised a disturbing activist presence at the industry conference Gasdagarna ("the Gas Days") in May 2019.
Through now established relationships, politicians from different parties asked us for advice and wanted to channel our opinions into debates that over the years have taken place in both the local parliament in Gothenburg (June 2017) and in the national parliament in Stockholm (September 2019).
In September this year the first ever climate mass action in Sweden hit the media with a bang. It was Folk mot fossilgas ("People Against Fossil Gas"), a 12-hour blockade where 450 people again blocked the entrances and exits for trucks to the Energy Harbour in the Port of Gothenburg to protest the construction of the fossil gas terminal and the proposed increased import of fossil gas.
After this action, the politicians listened to the people. A few days ago the Minister of Climate and Environment went on the television news to tell the public that they are denying Swedegas the permit to connect the fossil gas terminal to the national gas grid.
We could never have done this without the dedicated support from everyone who has been involved in supporting our campaign. Everyone who participated in marches and manifestations, everyone who sent an email to a decision maker, everyone who talked about fossil gas with their friends and colleagues. Every single one of you made this happen. Together.
However, the result cannot only be measured in decisions from the government. Activism connects people and organisations, spreads hope and awareness and challenges us to become even more competent and skillful.
These skills, connections and hope we will continue to make use of to change society and achieve a decolonised, people powered, zero carbon world. Even if it will take days, weeks and years of working together.
Fossilgasfällan


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Every Big Movie Hitting Cinemas In November 2016
Thursday, November 3, 2016 - 10:59
Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them, Arrival, Bad Santa 2 and more! Which will you be watching?
MTV Movies Screening Room: Fantastic Beasts 2, Creed 2 & The Girl In The Spider's Web | MTV Movies
Fantastic Beasts 2 Cast Reveal ALTERNATE ENDING & DELETED PROFESSOR MCGONAGALL SCENES | MTV Movies
MTV Movies Screening Room: The Nutcracker And The Four Realms, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes Of Grindelwald, & The Grinch | MTV Movies
See A Never-Before-Seen Creature In This Exclusive Deleted Scene From Fantastic Beasts!
'Fantastic Beasts' Cast Talk Harry Potter Crossover & Sequels!
Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them | Cast's Fave Beasts Behind The Scenes
The Cast Of 'Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them' Play 'Would You Rather?'
MTV Movie Spotlight: 'Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them' Part 2
Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them (2016) Final Trailer
Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them: 100 Things We Know
The SEXIEST Fifty Shades of Grey Scenes Ever | MTV Movies
Watch The FIFTY SHADES FREED Cast Reveal Their Steamiest Sex Scenes & The DELETED Scenes You WON'T See In Cinemas
Geordie Shore 1504 | WTF! Gaz And Abbie Neck On In Naked Hot Tub Party
in the wake of your leave
The Mysterines
Hard Drive Gold
Blurred Lines (Ft. T.I. & Pharrell Williams) (Unrated Version) [Explicit]
Geordie Shore Flashback: The Most Rampant Shag Pad Moments | MTV Shows
Geordie Shore | Sexiest Moments Ever
Too Steamy For The Internet: Watch This Unseen Fifty Shades Clip
Celebrities That Have Sex Tapes
More From Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them
Watch a World Exclusive behind-the-scenes Fantastic Beasts clip
Fantastic Beasts 2: 10 Times Ezra Miller Was A Bigger Harry Potter Fan Than You
Fantastic Beasts Actor Zoe Kravitz Says Lily Allen 'Attacked' Her With A Kiss
Ezra Miller Dressed As Hedwig's Death For The Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes Of Grindelwald Premiere
Harry Potter Fans Are Mad Over This Continuity Error In Fantastic Beasts 2
Dumbledore Will Have A 'Sensual' Scene With Grindelwald In Fantastic Beasts 2
11 Reasons A Celebration Of Harry Potter Is Every Fan's Dream Holiday
Each New Fantastic Beasts Sequel Will Be Set In A New City
Fresh Details Emerge About Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them 2
This Is How You Could Star In Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them 2
Jude Law Will Play Young Dumbledore in Fantastic Beasts 2
See A Never-Before-Seen Creature In This Exclusive Deleted Scene From Fantastic Beasts


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PREVIEW | Armada FC Aims To Continue Strong Home Form Against The Rowdies
Jacksonville has lost only once in its inaugural campaign at home
Jacksonville Armada FC Staff | Sep 25, 2015
In a special night, where the Jacksonville Armada FC will honor Northeast Florida's great soccer past and rich Hispanic heritage at Community First Park, the team will try to put the icing on the cake a win over in-state rivals, the Tampa Bay Rowdies, at 7:30 p.m. ET this Saturday.
In a tribute to the NASL Golden Era team, the Jacksonville Tea Men, the Armada FC will don the Tea Men's signature red and tangerine kits. Former Tea Men owner Ingo Krieg will raise the Armada FC flag prior to the match, and former players, staff, and administrators will be honored in a pre-match ceremony. The Armada FC will also pay tribute to the First Coast's rich Hispanic heritage throughout the night.
Armada FC interim head coach Eric Dade will lead his squad into battle for the first time. Jacksonville will seek to end its 498-minute scoring drought and extend its six-game home NASL unbeaten streak. The Armada FC is coming off a 2-0 loss to the Strikers at Fort Lauderdale last Wednesday. Goalkeeper Miguel Gallardo finished with six saves, while defender Fabricio Ortiz had an impressive defensive showing.
Tampa Bay head coach Stuart Campbell, who himself took over his team midseason, has led the Rowdies to a 2W-1D-2L record since taking the reins following the dismissal of Thomas Rongen on Aug. 21. The Rowdies are coming off a 2-0 win over the San Antonio Scorpions last Saturday in St. Petersburg, Fla., to move into fourth place in the Combined Standings and put themselves back into The Championship, the NASL's four-team postseason tournament, race. Corey Hertzog put Tampa Bay on the board with a goal in the 50th minute, while Juan Guerra added an insurance strike in the 88th minute.
Saturday's matchup between the Sunshine State foes will be the first regular-season meeting in Jacksonville, with the Rowdies coming out victorious in the previous two affairs in St. Petersburg with a score of 3-2 on both April 25 and Aug. 8. In the Armada FC's final preseason tilt, they fell, 2-0, to the Rowdies at EverBank Field in Jacksonville.
With a new head coach leading Jacksonville into battle, the Armada FC has a sense of new life. Although it might seem like an uphill battle for the Armada FC to claim a spot in The Championship with seven games remaining, they have not yet been eliminated and will play five of their remaining fixtures at home, where they have lost just once this season.
Jacksonville: For the first time in a very long time, the Armada FC will have all of their regular starters available. Perhaps of even more note, it will be the first time since May 16 that the attacking quartet of Marcos Flores, Jemal Johnson, Alhassane Keita, and Pascal Millien could be in the same starting lineup. That group helped lead the Armada to a 2-1-1 record in May, with wins over San Antonio (2-1) and Indy Eleven (1-0).
Tampa Bay: Maicon Santos has given the Armada FC fits this season, perhaps more so than any other NASL player. Santos has scored four of his seven goals against Jacksonville, notching two in each of Tampa Bay's previous wins over the Armada FC. His goal total leads the Rowdies and is tied for fourth most in the league. Santos has also tallied two assists.
Both Tampa Bay and Jacksonville are the only clubs to have defeated Spring Season Champion New York Cosmos in NASL play this season.
With the previous incarnation of the Rowdies also being a Golden Era club, Saturday's match will have a very nostalgic look to it. The Tea Men and Rowdies clashed with each other at least 20 times from 1978-82, with Tampa Bay holding a 12-8 series advantage.
Saturday night's match is the first home contest for the Armada FC in nearly a month. Jacksonville played to a scoreless draw with San Antonio in its last action at Community First Park on Aug. 29. The Armada FC is 6-3-1 at home this season.


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Irving Penn, Cigarette No. 37, New York, 1972, platinum-palladium print mounted to aluminum, image, 23 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches paper, 24 7/8 x 22 inches mount, 26 x 22 inches, Edition of 70 © The Irving Penn Foundation
b. 1917, Plainfield, New Jersey
d. 2009, New York
The Irving Penn Foundation
@the.irving.penn.foundation
Irving Penn studied design from 1934–38 with Alexey Brodovitch at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art. Following a year painting in Mexico, he returned to New York City and began working at Vogue magazine in 1943, where Alexander Liberman was art director.
Penn photographed for Vogue and commercial clients in America and abroad for nearly 70 years. Whether an innovative fashion image, striking portrait, or compelling still life, each of Penn's pictures bears his trademark style of elegant aesthetic simplicity.
In addition to his editorial and advertising work, Penn was also a master printmaker. Beginning in 1964, he pioneered a complex technique for making platinum-palladium prints, a 19th century print process to which he applied 20th century materials.
The first retrospective of Penn's work was organized by the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1984. Following the landmark exhibition which travelled to over 14 countries after MoMA, he resumed painting and drawing as a full-fledged creative endeavor. Until his death in 2009, his innovative photographs continued to appear regularly in Vogue, and his studio was busy with assignments and experimental personal work.
Recent exhibitions include Irving Penn: Beyond Beauty at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C. (2015–16) and Irving Penn: Centennial at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (2017).
Irving Penn, Pagoda, New York, 2006, india ink over graphite on paper, overall, 22 1/4 x 20 1/4" © The Irving Penn Foundation
Irving Penn, Marcel Duchamp (2 of 2), New York, 1948, gelatin silver print, image, 9 1/2 x 7 1/2", paper, 10 x 8", Edition of 25 © The Irving Penn Foundation
Chewing Gum III
May 25–Jul 4, 2019
Apr 11–May 26, 2019
Photography in Focus: Irving Penn
The San Francisco Chronicle Reviews "Irving Penn" at Pace Gallery in Palo Alto
Irving Penn: Untroubled


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Everyone Now Assuming You're A Kiddie-Fiddler
YOU look like you might be one of them dirty, horrid kiddie-fiddlers, it was confirmed last night.
According to new government regulations you are up to no good and always have this weird look in your eye, you horrendous pervert.
Officials stressed that not only do you have a lot of cameras but you have also been hanging about the school gates, grinning at the first years and touching yourself through the pockets of your grimy raincoat.
Meanwhile it has also emerged that you seem very keen to pick up loads of children from football practice and then take them to Pizza Hut where you will encourage them to order the sexiest toppings and then film them all eating melted cheese.
But last night the newly-formed Independent Safeguarding Authority agreed to tell people that you had probably stopped being an unspeakable beast if you paid it £64.
A spokesman said: "We will give you a certificate that says you are allowed to give up to three children a lift as long as they are all wearing space suits and you keep your hands on the steering wheel where we can see them."
He added: "Now get out of my sight, you repellent creep. I think I'm going to be sick."
The Daily Mash Guide to being vetted successfully:
DO say that children are 'nice', but not 'hunky'.
DO NOT offer round a bag of sweets during the interview.
DO NOT say that your ideal woman is Bonnie Langford.
DO wash your hair and buy a pair of up-to-date spectacles.
DO NOT wear items of clothing depicting well-known cartoon characters.
DO NOT offer anyone a pony.
Scientists Recommend Massive Arguments
BLAZING, expletive-filled rows, resulting in one partner sleeping on the couch are good for your health, it was claimed last night.
Research by the Institute For Studies found that subjects slept better if the love of their lives was nowhere near them and that provoking venomous arguments could extend life expectancy by at least four years.
Professor Henry Brubaker said: "It's not just about duvet stealing, snoring and toxic flatulence. Sleep patterns improve if a woman can spreadeagle herself across the bed while her partner watches late-night grot channels downstairs with the sound turned down."
Brubaker said his study was prompted after coming home from a Christmas party at 3am stinking of gin and research assistant.
He added: "I crept into bed and my wife immediately woke up, slung my arse onto the sofa and went back to sleep.
"The next morning, after examining various stains on my lab coat I could not furnish an adequate explanation for, she proposed continuing the arrangement until further notice.
"She subsequently went to live with her sister, which was beyond standard experimental parameters, but it has produced some very robust data as she's currently screwing a tennis coach and sleeping like a top."
Nikki Hollis, a housewife from Knutsford, said: "I've had a long day and I could really do with eight hours of uninterrupted sleep so tonight I will be asking my husband if he thinks Kate Beckinsale is prettier than me."


We spent a great deal of the day cleaning the house. It always gets dirty, especially on the floors. Daniel did the most, but we helped him. Meanwhile, Paula was at work, earning her salary. I think it was a rather productive day. It might be hard work when you do it, but you are satisfied when it is done. A clean house is nice to live in.


Penile erection and yawning are two different behavioral patterns that often occur concomitantly under physiological and experimental conditions. While the importance of penile erection in reproduction of mammals does not need to be stressed, it is pertinent to recall that yawning, alone or associated with stretching, is considered an ancestral vestige surviving throughout evolution that subserves the purpose of arousal.
Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that a central dopamine-oxytocin link plays a key role in the expression of such symptomatology. Accordingly, both apomorphine and oxytocin induce penile erection and yawning when unilaterally injected in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus; lesions of the PVN abolish apomorphine and oxytocin responses; dopamine receptor blockers prevent apomorphine but not oxytocin effects; nonapeptide oxytocin antagonists prevent apomorphineinduced penile erection and yawning; finally, apomorphine increases oxytocin content in brain, as well as in plasma.
The above results support the hypothesis that apomorphine and dopaminergic agonists induce penile erection and yawning by releasing oxytocin in the CNS by acting in the PVN. In this regard, it is pertinent to recall that the PVN contains not only the majority of the cell bodies of those oxytocinergic neurons, which project to extrahypothalamic brain areas, that is, septum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, brain stem, pons, medulla and spinal cord, but also dopaminergic neurons, located in the proximity of oxytocinergic cell bodies, that belong to the incertohypothalamic dopaminergic system.
the effect of electrolytic lesions of the MS on oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning, as well as on oxytocin concentration in the hippocampus.
The present study shows that the oxytocin antagonist Orn-vasotocin injected in the PVN prevents penile erection and yawning induced by oxytocin but not by apomorphine, while MS lesions that decrease hippocampal oxytocin concentration prevent the above behavioral responses induced by apomorphine but not oxytocin. These results extend previous findings suggesting that the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine induces penile erection and yawning by releasing oxytocin in the CNS.
In particular, the failure of d(CH2),Tyr(Me)-Orn8-vasotocin to prevent apomorphine response when injected in the PVN, in spite of its efficacy when given ICV, suggests that apomorphine induces penile erection and yawning by increasing oxytocinergic activity by acting directly on dopaminergic receptors at the level of the oxytocinergic cell bodies or indirectly by removing some inhibitory input on oxytocinergic neurons, rather than by releasing oxytocin in the PVN. On the other hand, the ability of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-Orn8-vasotocin injected into the PVN to prevent ICV or PVN oxytocin response confirms that oxytocin acts mainly in the PVN to induce penile erection and yawning possibly by stimulating specific oxytocinergic receptors located in this hypothalamic nucleus.
In line with the hypothesis that apomorphine induces penile erection and yawning by activating oxytocinergic neurons, it is likely that oxytocin also induces the above responses by increasing its own transmission, perhaps by stimulating oxytocinergic receptors located in the cell bodies of its own neurons in the PVN. Accordingly, exogenous oxytocin injected in the PVN has been found capable of activating its own release in vivo and in vitro from magnocellular neurons, and immunoreactive oxytocinergic synapses have been found to impinge on the cell bodies of oxytocinergic neurons in both hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei.
In agreement with the above hypotheses, the failure of apomorphine to induce penile erection and yawning when injected directly in the MS or in the hippocampus or in MS-lesioned rats, although effective when injected in the PVN, suggests that apomorphine induces the above responses by activating those oxytocinergic pathways originating in the PVN that reach the medial septum or the rostral hippocampus (tenia tectae) passing rostrally to the septum. The second possibility is the most likely, being favored by the failure of oxytocin to induce penile erection and yawning when injected in the MS, by the finding showing that MS lesions decrease hippocampal oxytocin concentration only in those animals found unresponsive to apomorphine and by the failure of iontophoretically applied oxytocin to activate MS neurons.
The ineffectiveness of apomorphine to induce penile erection and yawning when injected into the MS is in contrast with previous studies showing that the bilateral injection of apomorphine into the lateral septum induces yawning. The discrepancy might be explained by the fact that in those studies doses of apomorphine (10 jug and higher per site) were used that were too high and probably resulted in the spread of the drug to the active site. Accordingly, it is unlikely that apomorphine acts directly in the MS, although a septohippocampal dopamine-acetylcholine link has been supposed to be involved in the expression of yawning and pende erection. In fact, if the latter hypothesis were correct, the stimulation of dopaminergic receptors in the MS would induce a cholinergic inhibition mediating in turn pende erection and yawning. Against such hypothesis, muscarinic agonists induce the above behavioral responses, possibly acting in the hippocampus, and blockade of cholinergic transmission by muscarinic antagonists atropine and scopolamine, as well as by MS lesions, which decrease hippocampal acetylcholine content, prevent apomorphine response.
Taken together with the inability of MS lesion to prevent oxytocin response, the above results suggest that apomorphine induces penile erection and yawning by activating selectively the hypothalamic-hippocampal oxytocinergic projection. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the hippocampus plays a key role in the expression of penile erection and sexual behavior, apomorphine increases oxytocin content in this brain area at doses that induce penile erection and yawning, oxytocin induces these behavioral responses when injected in the CA1 field of the hippocampus, and oxytocin excites hippocampal neurons by acting on uterine-type oxytocinergic receptors, those that mediate penile erection and yawning. Nevertheless, it is likely that this hypothalamic-hippocampal oxytocinergic pathway plays only a minor role or is not involved at all in the oxytocin response. In fact, the inability of MS lesion to prevent the effect of oxytocin injected in the PVN raises the possibility that oxytocin may act in the PVN to induce penile erection and yawning by stimulating other neuronal pathways not involving the hippocampus, that is, the oxytocinergic projections reaching the pons, medulla, and spinal cord. Accordingly, the PVN is considered a sort of integration center between the central and autonomic nervous systems. In view of the prevention of oxytocin effect by PVN lesions but not by MS lesions, it is tempting to speculate that a hippocampal-hypothalamic pathway, whose activity is modified by apomorphine treatment, mediates in turn the activity of the same neuronal circuits modified by PVN oxytocin and controlling the above behavioral responses. In agreement with this hypothesis, neuronal pathways originating in the hippocampus and septum that exert an excitatory input on vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons in the PVN have been described.
The involvement of oxytocin in different central neuronal pathways that control penile erection and yawning deserves some comment.
One of these pathways, that is, the hypothalamic-hippocampal oxytocinergic pathway, is activated by apomorphine and probably by other dopaminergic agonists through the stimulation of D, dopamine receptors in the PVN. Interestingly, the PVN contains the A14 group of the so-called incertohypothalamic dopaminergic system. These small dopaminergic neurons arborize extensively and surround the oxytocinergic neuronal cell bodies in the PVN. This suggests that this still poorly characterized hypothalamic dopaminergic system plays a major role in the expression of yawning and penile erection.
Since the hypothalamus, the first developed brain structure from a phylogenetic point of view, plays a primary role survived during evolution from fishes to primates in reproduction, it is easy to speculate that hypothalamic oxytocin is involved in the control of penile erection in mammals. The involvement of oxytocin in the expression of penile erection in brain areas phylogenctically developed later, but strictly connected to the hypothalamus (ie., the limbic system), might be one of those mechanisms by means of which high brain centers control such a primary sexual function. In particular, the activation of central oxytocinergic pathways by dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in motivation and rewarding mechanisms, raises the possibility that oxytocin in the limbic system plays a role in sexual arousal and motivation (libido in men), while its action in the hypothalamus may be related mainly to erectile and ejaculatory performance (potency in men).