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John Kennedy Toole
American novelist
(1937-12-17)December 17, 1937
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
March 26, 1969(1969-03-26) (aged 31)
Biloxi, Mississippi, U.S.
Novelist, professor, army English teacher
A Confederacy of Dunces
John Kennedy Toole (/ˈtuːl/; December 17, 1937 – March 26, 1969) was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, whose posthumously published novel A Confederacy of Dunces won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He also wrote The Neon Bible. Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected during his lifetime. After suffering from paranoia and depression due in part to these failures, he committed suicide at the age of 31.
Toole was born to a middle-class family in New Orleans. From a young age, his mother taught him an appreciation of culture. She was thoroughly involved in his affairs for most of his life, and at times they had a difficult relationship. With his mother's encouragement, Toole became a stage performer at the age of 10 doing comic impressions and acting. At 16 he wrote his first novel, The Neon Bible, which he later dismissed as "adolescent".[1]
Toole received an academic scholarship to Tulane University in New Orleans. After graduating from Tulane, he studied English at Columbia University in New York while teaching simultaneously at Hunter College. He also taught at various Louisiana colleges, and during his early career as an academic he was valued on the faculty party circuit for his wit and gift for mimicry. His studies were interrupted when he was drafted into the army, where he taught English to Spanish-speaking recruits in San Juan, Puerto Rico. After receiving a promotion, he used his private office to begin writing A Confederacy of Dunces, which he finished at his parents' home after his discharge.
Dunces is a picaresque novel featuring the misadventures of protagonist Ignatius J. Reilly, a lazy, obese, misanthropic, self-styled scholar who lives at home with his mother. It is hailed for its accurate depictions of New Orleans dialects. Toole based Reilly in part on his college professor friend Bob Byrne. Byrne's slovenly, eccentric behavior was anything but professorial, and Reilly mirrored him in these respects. The character was also based on Toole himself, and several personal experiences served as inspiration for passages in the novel. While at Tulane, Toole filled in for a friend at a job as a hot tamale cart vendor, and worked at a family owned and operated clothing factory. Both of these experiences were later adopted into his fiction.
Toole submitted Dunces to publisher Simon & Schuster, where it reached noted editor Robert Gottlieb. Gottlieb considered Toole talented but felt his comic novel was essentially pointless. Despite several revisions, Gottlieb remained unsatisfied, and after the book was rejected by another literary figure, Hodding Carter Jr., Toole shelved the novel. Suffering from depression and feelings of persecution, Toole left home on a journey around the country. He stopped in Biloxi, Mississippi, to end his life by running a garden hose in from the exhaust of his car to the cabin. Some years later, his mother brought the manuscript of Dunces to the attention of novelist Walker Percy, who ushered the book into print. In 1981, Toole was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
2 College studies and professorships
3 Military service
4 Return home and completion of Dunces
5 Final years
7 Posthumous publications
Toole was born to John Dewey Toole, Jr. and Thelma Ducoing Toole. Kennedy was the name of Thelma's grandmother.[2] The first of the Creole Ducoing family arrived in Louisiana from France in the early 19th century, and the Tooles immigrated to America from Ireland during the potato famine of the 1840s.[3][4] Toole's father worked as a car salesman, and his mother, forced to give up her teaching job when she married (as was the custom), gave private lessons in music, speech, and dramatic expression.[5][6] Toole was known to friends and family as "Ken" until the final few months of his life, when he insisted on being called John.[2] As a child, Toole had an intense affection for his black nursemaid Beulah Matthews, who cared for him when his parents were both working.[7]
Toole's highly cultured mother was a controlling woman, especially with her son. His father was less involved and sometimes complained of his lack of influence in their child's upbringing.[8] Despite this, he and his father bonded through a mutual interest in baseball and cars.[9] Toole's mother chose the friends he could associate with, and felt his cousins on his father's side were too common for him to be around.[10] Toole received high marks in elementary school and, from a young age, expressed a desire to excel academically.[11][12] He skipped ahead a grade, from first to second, after taking an IQ test at the age of six.[13]
When Toole was ten, his mother gathered a group of child stage entertainers she named the Junior Variety Performers. The troupe, with Toole as its star, consisted of 50 children of varying skills and ages.[14] It was well-received, and he also engaged in other entertainment ventures, such as playing the lead in three productions of the Children's Workshop Theatre of New Orleans, MCing a radio show called Telekids, modeling for newspaper ads, and developing a solo show of comic impersonations entitled Great Lovers of the World.[15][16]
Although an excellent student, Toole curtailed his stage work when he entered high school (Alcée Fortier High), to concentrate on his academic work.[17] He wrote for the school newspaper Silver and Blue, worked on the yearbook The Tarpon, and won several essay contests on subjects such as the Louisiana Purchase and the American Merchant Marine.[18] He took up debating, a skill his father had used to win the state debate championship when he was in high school.[19] Toole spoke at gatherings of civic organizations such as Kiwanis and Rotary Clubs.[18] Toole's father bought him an Oldsmobile, in which Toole was delivering newspapers at the age of 13, even though the legal driving age was 15.[20] In high school, Toole spent a lot of time at the home of classmate Larry McGee, and dated McGee's sister, Jane. Jane later said that Toole never wanted to go home and would purposely spend almost all of his free time at the McGees'.[21] With the McGees, Toole would engage in mischievous pranks and go on double dates with Larry and his girlfriend, Buzz. The couples often spent their free time at the local pool, or cruising around in Toole's car.[22]
As a teenager in 1954, Toole made his first trip out of Louisiana to Philadelphia, New York City, and Washington, D.C. on a field trip. He especially enjoyed New York and filled a cherished scrapbook with pictures from his visit (which included trips on the New York City Subway System, an excursion on a boat in the New York Harbor, visits to the Statue of Liberty, Chinatown, Times Square) and with the program from a performance of The Rockettes he had seen.[23]
Toole became the editor of the news section of the school newspaper, and maintained high marks throughout high school.[24][25] He received many accolades, including winning a National Merit Scholarship, selection to the National Honor Society, and being named the Most Intelligent Senior Boy by the student body.[25] He was one of two New Orleanians voted outstanding citizen at the Pelican (now Louisiana) Boys State convention and he was invited back to serve the following year as a counsellor.[24] He also took part in the Newman Club, a Catholic organization for teenagers, where he won an award for outstanding student in the group.[24] He received a full scholarship to Tulane University at 17.[26]
During his senior year, Toole wrote The Neon Bible, a short novel of Southern Gothic Fiction that has been compared in style to Flannery O'Connor, a favorite author of Toole's.[27] The book's protagonist, a boy named David, had once lived with his family in a "little white house in town that had a real roof you could sleep under when it rained,"[28] before his father lost his job forcing them into a small shoddily built home.[28][29] Set in 1940s Mississippi, the backwoods Baptist community setting is similar to a location where Toole had once traveled to with a high school friend for a literary contest.[30] The novel's sudden outburst of violence at the end has been described as incongruous with what has preceded it.[28]
Toole later described the novel during correspondence with an editor, "In 1954, when I was 16, I wrote a book called The Neon Bible, a grim, adolescent, sociological attack upon the hatreds caused by the various Calvinist religions in the South—and the fundamentalist mentality is one of the roots of what was happening in Alabama, etc. The book, of course, was bad, but I sent it off a couple of times anyway."[1] It failed to attract interest from publishers and was not released until after Toole's death.
College studies and professorships[edit]
In high school Toole, as editor of the school newspaper, had written a section of gossip and wit under a pseudonym entitled Fish Tales, and while at Tulane he worked on the college newspaper, the Hullabaloo, writing articles, reviewing books, and drawing cartoons.[27] The cartoons were noted for their subtlety and sophistication.[27] At Tulane he first majored in engineering on the recommendation of his father; however, after a few weeks, he changed his major to English, stating "I'm losing my culture" to his mother in explanation.[31] Around this time, Toole began hanging around a local blues band which performed at area high schools and also around the French Quarter, and the Irish Channel. Toole's classmates and family looked down on the French Quarter as being for tourists and the Irish Channel as being a place for lowlifes, so Toole kept his trips there a secret.[32] His closest friend was guitarist Don Stevens, nicknamed "Steve Cha-Cha", with whom he bonded over their shared love of blues music and Beat poets.[33] Stevens also had a side job pushing a hot tamale cart around town and, on days when he was unavailable for work, Toole would fill in for him. According to Stevens' bandmate Sidney Snow, Toole loved eating the tamales.[34] Toole later used these experiences as material for his novel A Confederacy of Dunces, whose protagonist Ignatius J. Reilly pushes a hot dog cart around town, usually eating most of the profits. Also, like Reilly, Toole later worked at a family business that manufactured men's clothing, Haspel Brothers. He worked for J.B. Tonkel, who married one of the Haspel daughters. "Ken watched the Haspels' business dealings with great interest, absorbing and remembering their troubles and intrigues,"[35] and he later constructed the similar Levy Pants Company in Dunces, with Gus Levy and his wife becoming significant supporting characters in the novel.
While studying at Columbia University in New York City, one of Toole's favorite activities was dancing at the Roseland Ballroom with girlfriend Ruth Kathmann. For $2.00 they could dance to big band music all night.
In 1958, Toole graduated from Tulane with honors.[35] He enrolled in Columbia University in New York on a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship to study English literature.[36] He took on a heavy workload so that he could earn his master's degree in a single year. In his free time he dated Ruth Kathmann, another student from Tulane, who was studying journalism at Columbia. The couple would go dancing at the Roseland Ballroom, as the $2.00 entrance fee allowed them to dance all night and suited their limited budget.[37] Toole was noted to be a talented dancer.[38][39] There is some question as to whether they were engaged, with friends claiming they were but Kathmann saying only that Toole asked her to marry him, but she declined.[40] After he returned to New Orleans they rarely saw each other, and she married another man.[40] Toole wrote his master's essay on the Elizabethan poet John Lyly, which was made easier by the fact that he had also written his honors thesis at Tulane on Lyly.[40]
Toole returned home in 1959 to spend a year as assistant professor of English at the University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL), now renamed the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Joel L. Fletcher, a close friend, noted, "Ken has a real gift for mimicry and a refined sense of the absurd ... the English faculty at USL, which is divided into several camps of war, both fear and court Ken because of his biting comic talent."[41] This year is generally considered one of the happiest of his life.[42] While at USL he rented a dilapidated apartment from an elderly and eccentric widow on Convent Street.[43] Toole described the apartment in "Conradian metaphor" to friends.[43]
Toole was in constant demand and went to all the parties where it was said "he was encouraged and sometimes forced to perform, Ken would enter a room armed with quiver full of sharp stories and barbed one-liners. He would zing these out until his audience was weak with laughter, though he hadn't cracked a smile."[44] Because he was saving for a return to Columbia to get his Ph.D., Toole was a notorious skinflint during his year at USL. His friends noticed this and forced him to pay for and throw a party at his home.[45] The party was a success and generally considered the best party thrown that year.[46] In contrast to this image of an outgoing, lively young man, when Toole's mother came to visit, friends noticed that he became sullen and withdrawn. His friend Pat Rickels commented that Thelma "was absolutely convinced that he was without flaw and that all the hopes of the world lay in him. It was an extreme form of maternalism, where all your pride and all your hopes are in one person. He had to grow up with that burden. She was a very ostentatious, shrill, loud-voiced, bossy, bragging woman."[47]
Fortuna with the Wheel of Fortune from a medieval manuscript of a work by Boccaccio. Fortuna, as interpreted by Boethius in his Consolation of Philosophy, was a favorite subject of Toole's Dunces protagonist Ignatius J. Reilly.
It was at USL that Toole met Bob Byrne, an eccentric English professor who is considered one of the primary inspirations for the character of Ignatius J. Reilly.[48] Byrne specialized in the medieval period, and he and Toole frequently discussed the philosopher Boethius and the wheel of Fortuna, as described in Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy. Boethius was the favorite philosopher of Ignatius J. Reilly, who frequently referred to Fortuna and Consolation of Philosophy. Like Ignatius, Byrne was a self-admitted devoted slob who played the lute, and also wore a deerstalker hunting cap, which Toole frequently chided him about.[48]
When he was not studying or on the faculty party circuit, Toole frequented country bars and drank beer.[41] He would usually listen to singer Frances Faye, whom he had once heard perform in New York.[49] On several occasions while listening to her music with friends he allegorically remarked, "Is Frances Faye God?"[41] He was also an avid Marilyn Monroe fan who was devastated by her death and once described his interest in her as having "reached the stage of obsession".[50]
In May 1960, Toole accepted a three-year fellowship to study for a Ph.D. in Renaissance literature at the University of Washington at Seattle. However, when he was offered a teaching position at Hunter College in New York, which suited his desire to study at Columbia, he chose to go there instead.[51] At 22, he became the youngest professor in Hunter's history.[52][53] Although he pursued a doctorate at Columbia, he became unhappy with his Ph.D. However, he wrote to Fletcher that he still liked Hunter, "principally because the aggressive, pseudo-intellectual, 'liberal' girl students are continuously amusing."[54] Fletcher surmised that from these girls the character of Myrna Minkoff from Dunces was born.[55] Toole, although generally only a "Christmas-and-Easter churchgoer",[52] had some apprehension about the anti-Catholic intellectualism of some of his students, and about them seeming ever watchful for a cause they could throw their liberal zeal behind.[52] "Every time the elevator door opens at Hunter, you are confronted by 20 pairs of burning eyes, 20 sets of bangs and everyone waiting for someone to push a Negro" he is reported to have said.[52] When he first arrived back in New York Toole dated Emilie Dietrich Griffin, another Louisiana transplant, with whom he had worked on the Hullabaloo staff, and later he dated another Louisianan, Clayelle Dalferes, whom he had learned of through Fletcher. The couple loved the cinema and movie-going was a constant staple of their dates.[56] Both women said their relationships with Toole never progressed beyond the level of a good night kiss.[52][57]
Military service[edit]
Toole's studies were interrupted by his being drafted into the U.S. Army in 1961.[58] Toole (who was fluent in Spanish) served two years at Fort Buchanan in San Juan, Puerto Rico, teaching English to Spanish-speaking recruits.[59] He rose quickly in the military ranks. In under a year, he attained the rank of sergeant, and received numerous awards and citations.[60] While serving in Puerto Rico, he frequently traveled throughout the Caribbean, either alone or with members of his company. Toole, however, began to dread the frustrations of military life and the oppressive heat of Puerto Rico.[61] He described his work there in a letter to a friend:[62]
The arrival of the trainees in late October has kept me very busy; as the "dean" of the English programs here, I am lost in test scores and averages and in the maze of painfully intricate Army politics and intrigue. I am quite powerful in my own little way and exercise more control over personnel and affairs in general than I had ever suspected I would; over my private telephone I contact headquarters, switching people here and there, waiting, listening, planning. I'm sure I will leave my duty here a completely mad tyrant whose niche in civilian life will be non-existent. In its own lunatic way, this is very entertaining ... After a year in Puerto Rico (as of 25 Nov), I find that the positive aspects of that year outweigh the negative. Although this seems like a great cliché, I can say that I have learned a vast amount about humans and their natures—information which I would have enjoyed having earlier. In my own curious way I have risen "meteorically" in the Army without having ever been a decent prospect for military life; but I feel that my very peculiar assignment has been responsible. The insanity and unreality of Puerto Rico itself has been interesting at all times that it was not overwhelming. (great agreement errors in this sentence, I fear). Please write. Ken.
He also engaged in one of the favorite activities of military personnel on the island: alcohol consumption. Both the soldiers and the instructors at the base drank excessively, as alcohol was cheap and plentiful.[63] Toole remarked in another letter to Fletcher, "We are all rotting here at the moment. The decreased draft has meant no trainees since June ... the inactivity here, coupled with the remnants of a rainy and enervating summer has (have?) plunged the English instructors into an abyss of drinking and inertia. Occasionally someone will struggle off to the beach or to San Juan, but the maxim here remains, 'It's too hot.'"[64] When Emilie Griffin paid Toole a visit in December 1961 she was dismayed at what she saw. Toole was notably depressed and while dining at a local hotel she noted that "the windows on all sides of our table were filled with perfect rainbows. Ken was sitting in a pocket of darkness surrounded by these brilliant colored arches and he never looked at them."[65] Adding to Toole's dismay, his class ring from Tulane went missing and he searched the entire base for it, questioning everyone, until concluding that it had been stolen.[66] Disgusted, he wrote home, "It's a wonder I haven't been stabbed yet or paralyzed by intestinal diseases on this insane little geographical mountain top protruding from the Caribbean. However, under any circumstances the loss of the ring affects me deeply."[66]
In the early portion of Toole's military career one of his primary motivations for advancement was to acquire a private office. Privacy was a significant luxury on the island with some of the men renting rooms in nearby hotels so they could have some solitude.[65] Toole's army buddy David Kubach, also an aspiring writer, lent him a green Swedish-made Halda typewriter for use in his office.[67] The barracks consisted solely of college educated English professors, which gave it a different makeup from usual army companies. In contrast to almost all other army barracks where gays kept their sexual orientation a secret, there was an openly gay contingent which flaunted their homosexuality.[68] The gay men reserved a portion of the barracks for themselves and as they did not proposition any of the straight instructors, they were left alone.[68] However, this particular group of gay men drank significantly more than the rest of the group and eventually began to exhibit a loud, rowdy, and vulgar brand of behavior that made the straight men uncomfortable.[69] Toole's response was to ignore their behavior and it lost him the respect of some of the men in the barracks. The problem came to a head when a gay instructor attempted suicide by overdosing on APC (aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine) tablets after being spurned by another soldier.[70] When Toole found the man he waited a half-hour to call for help, hoping he would awaken on his own.[71] His friend Kubach stated that this was because it would look bad for the soldier and that he would most likely get himself court martialed for a suicide attempt.[71] Some of his fellow soldiers were livid and held a meeting deciding whether to report Toole's negligence. Ultimately, they did not report his behavior and the army never filed any charges but his relationships with many of the men were irrevocably changed.[72]
After this incident, Toole became withdrawn and began spending more and more time in his office typing what would eventually become his master work, A Confederacy of Dunces. It was not a secret that Toole was writing a book. Late at night, his fellow soldiers could often hear the sound of the typewriter keys.[73] Although he was secretive about the novel among the other men, Toole showed the early portions of it to Kubach who gave him positive feedback.[73] Around this time, Kubach was transferred and took his typewriter with him, so Toole was forced to buy his own.[74] He later commented that he began to "talk and act like Ignatius" during this period as he became more and more immersed in the creation of the book.[75] His letter home to his parents of April 10, 1963 shows these similarities:[76]
This afternoon we were visited here by General Bogart (inspected, rather, no one simply "visits" us), the Commander of the Caribbean, the gentleman most vocal in favor of sending us away from Puerto Rico. I sincerely hope that he succeeds ... I was surprised to see Charlie Ferguson's [a high school classmate of Toole's] by-line on that article about New Orleans; he graduated from the Tulane law school a few years ago. The article, incidentally, was very badly written; some of it was almost painful to read. I thought that he could do better than that. However, the quality of the writing in the Picayune-States combine is uniformly childish and clumsy. They are very poorly edited newspapers.
Return home and completion of Dunces[edit]
Toole received a hardship discharge as his parents were having difficult economic times, his father struggling with deafness and an increasing incidence of irrational fear and paranoia.[77] Toole looked forward to coming home and spending time talking with his mother.[78] Toole turned down an offer to return to his post at Hunter,[74] and arrived home to a teaching position at Dominican College, a Catholic all female school.[79] He initially liked the position as it allowed him to teach for only 10.5 hours a week and afforded him the same leisure time he had during his less active periods in the service.[80] The nuns on the faculty were enamored with Toole from the start, considering him well mannered, genteel, and charming.[81] He used his free time to work on his novel, and to spend some time with his musician friend Sidney Snow at Snow's home in the Irish Channel and at various night clubs where he would watch Snow and his bandmates perform, among other things, covers of songs by The Beatles.[82] The November 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy caused Toole to fall into severe depression. He stopped writing and drank heavily.[83] In February 1964 he resumed writing, at which point he added an ending and sent the manuscript to Simon & Schuster.[83]
Dunces has been described as a "grand comic fugue"[84] and is considered one of the seminal works of twentieth century Southern literature. It has received praise for its accurate use of various New Orleans dialects, including the Yat dialect. It concerns protagonist Ignatius J. Reilly, a slothful, obese, self-styled philosopher who lives with his mother. After an early financial setback for the Reilly family, caused by Ignatius, he is forced by his mother to seek employment in a variety of menial jobs to help the household financially, for which he is continually resentful of her. He subsequently takes revenge on several businesses for perceived slights. He incites black workers to insurrection at Levy Pants Company, eats more hot dogs than he sells, and attempts to break up a strip club. Along the way he runs into a divergent cast of characters, including Myrna Minkoff, a rebellious socialist intellectual with whom he conducts an ongoing literary correspondence. Although Reilly is partially modeled after Toole's eccentric friend Bob Byrne, Byrne and others have stated that much of Reilly is actually based on Toole himself:[85]
Ken Toole was a strange person. He was extroverted and private. And that's very difficult. He had a strong ... desire to be recognized. ... but also a strong sense of alienation. That's what you have in Ignatius Reilly.
The book eventually reached senior editor Robert Gottlieb, who had talked the then-unknown Joseph Heller into completing the classic comic novel Catch-22.[86] They began a two-year correspondence and dialogue over the novel which would ultimately result in bitter disappointment on both sides.[87] While Gottlieb felt Toole was undoubtedly talented, he was unhappy with the book in its original form. He felt that it had one basic flaw which he expressed to Toole in an early letter:[88]
It seems that you understand the problem—the major problem—involved, but think that the conclusion can solve it. More is required, though. Not only do the various threads need resolving; they can always be tied together conveniently. What must happen is that they must be strong and meaningful all the way through—not merely episodic and then wittily pulled together to make everything look as if it's come out right. In other words, there must be a point to everything you have in the book, a real point, not just amusingness that's forced to figure itself out.
Toole made an unannounced trip to see editor Robert Gottlieb in person at the Simon & Schuster building in New York City in February 1965. When he found out Gottlieb was out of town, Toole felt humiliated.
Initially, although Toole was disappointed that the novel could not be published as is, he was exuberant that a major publisher was interested in it.[89] He entered his second year of teaching at Dominican as one of the favorite new professors on staff. Students marveled at his wit, and Toole would make entire classes burst into laughter while hardly showing expression.[90] He never retold a story or joke, and had many repeat students.[90] Shortly before Christmas break in 1964, Toole received a letter from Gottlieb. In it Gottlieb remarked that he had shown the novel to Candida Donadio, a literary agent whose clients included Joseph Heller and Thomas Pynchon.[91] Gottlieb told Toole they felt he was "... wildly funny often, funnier than almost anyone around".[91] Also they liked the same portions and characters of the book and disliked the same parts as well.[91] Gottlieb gave a list of things he did not like concluding with:[91]
But that, all this aside, there is another problem: that with all its wonderfulnesses, the book—even better plotted (and still better plotable)—does not have a reason; it's a brilliant exercise in invention, but unlike CATCH [22] and MOTHER KISSES and V and the others, it isn't really about anything. And that's something no one can do anything about.
Later on in the letter, Gottlieb stated that he still had faith in Toole as a writer and that he wished to hold onto the manuscript in case he or Toole would be able to see a way around his objections.[92] Toole decided that it would be best for Gottlieb to return the manuscript, saying "Aside from a few deletions, I don't think I could really do much to the book now—and of course even with revisions you might not be satisfied."[93] Toole made a trip to New York to see Gottlieb in person; however, he was out of town and Toole came back disappointed. He felt that he had embarrassed himself by giving a rambling, uncomfortable speech explaining his situation to one of Gottlieb's office staff.[94] He returned home having left a note for Gottlieb to call him, and they later talked for an hour on the phone. In this conversation Gottlieb re-iterated that he would not accept the novel without further revision.[95] He suggested that Toole move on to writing something else, an idea which Toole ultimately rejected.[95]
In a long, partially autobiographical letter he sent to Gottlieb in March 1965, Toole explained that he could not give up on the book since he wrote the novel largely from personal observation and because the characters were based on real people he had seen in his life.[96]
I don't want to throw these characters away. In other words, I'm going to work on the book again. I haven't been able to look at the manuscript since I got it back, but since something of my soul is in the thing, I can't let it rot without trying.[96]
Gottlieb wrote him an encouraging letter, in which he stated again that he felt Toole was very talented (even more so than himself[97]) and that if Toole were to re-submit the manuscript he would continue to "read, reread, edit, perhaps publish, generally cope, until you are fed up with me. What more can I say?"[97] In early 1966, Toole wrote Gottlieb one final letter, which has never been located. Gottlieb wrote him back on January 17, 1966, concluding their correspondence with a letter where he re-iterated his feelings on the book and stated that he wanted to read it again when Toole created another revision.[98]
Final years[edit]
Toole taught English at Dominican College in New Orleans from Fall of 1963 until Fall of 1968. Initially, his Dominican students marveled at his wit and comedic talents. Later, as he began suffering from mental problems, his behavior appalled them.
Toole took the rejection of the book in his intended form as a tremendous personal blow.[98] He eventually ceased work on Dunces and for a time left it atop an armoire in his bedroom.[99] He continued to teach at Dominican where he remained a favorite among the student body with his classes regularly filling up well before official registration. His comedic performances during lectures remained especially popular among students.[100] He attempted to work on another novel which he titled The Conqueror Worm, a reference to death as portrayed in Edgar Allan Poe's poem of the same name, but he found little peace at home.[101] Toole's mother persuaded him to take Dunces to Hodding Carter Jr., who was well known as a reporter and publisher for the Delta Democrat Times in Greenville, Mississippi, and was spending a semester teaching at Tulane. Carter showed little interest in the book, but complimented him on it. The face-to-face rejection Carter dealt Toole drove him further into despair and he became angry with his mother for causing him further embarrassment.[102]
Except for a few trips by car to Madison, Wisconsin to see army pal David Kubach,[103] Toole spent most of the last three years of his life at home only leaving to go to Dominican.[104] In the winter of 1967, Kubach, who had come down to visit Toole, noticed an increased sense of paranoia on Toole's part; once when driving around New Orleans, Toole became convinced they were being followed and attempted to lose the car.[105] The family moved to a larger rental house on Hampson Street, and Toole continued teaching, with his students noticing that his wit had become more acerbic. He continued to drink heavily, and gained a great deal of weight, causing him to have to purchase an entire new wardrobe.[106] Toole began having frequent and intense headaches, and as aspirin was no help, he saw a doctor. The doctor's treatment was also ineffective, and he suggested Toole see a neurologist, an idea which Toole rejected.[107]
Toole lived in this house in the Carrollton neighborhood of New Orleans while teaching at Dominican.
Toole tried to maintain a sense of normality and enrolled in Tulane in the fall of 1968 with the hopes of acquiring a Ph.D.[108] He took a course studying Theodore Dreiser, on whom he had lectured while at Hunter, and was particularly interested in Dreiser's close relationship with his mother and his anti-Catholic beliefs.[109] The assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968 added to his feelings of grief and heightened his paranoia.[110] Several of Toole's longtime friends noticed he had an increasing sense of feelings of personal persecution.[111] Toole went to see his friend Bob Byrne at his home in August 1968, where he again expressed sadness and humiliation that his book would not be published.[112] Toole told Byrne that people were passing his home late in the night and honking their car horns at him, that students whispered about him behind his back, and that people were plotting against him.[113] Byrne had a talk with him, which he felt, for the time being, calmed him down.[112]
In the months before his suicide, Toole, who was usually extremely well groomed, "began to appear in public unshaved and uncombed, wearing unpolished shoes and wrinkled clothes, to the amazement of his friends and students in New Orleans."[114] He also began to exhibit signs of paranoia, including telling friends that a woman who he erroneously thought had worked for Simon & Schuster was plotting to steal his book so that her husband, the novelist George Deaux, could publish it.[115][116]
Toole became increasingly erratic during his lectures at Dominican, resulting in frequent student complaints, and was given to rants against church and state.[117] Toward the end of the 1968 fall semester, he was forced to take a leave of absence and stopped attending classes at Tulane, resulting in his receiving a grade of incomplete.[118] The Tooles spent Christmas of 1968 in disarray with Toole's father in an increasing state of dementia, and Toole searching the home for electronic mind-reading devices.[118]
When Toole was unable to resume his position at Dominican in January, the school had to hire another professor.[118] This greatly upset his mother and on January 19, 1969 they had a horrible final argument.[119] He stopped by the house the next day to pick up some things and spoke only to his father, as Thelma was out at the grocery store. He left home for the final time and withdrew $1500 from his saving account.[119] After a week she called the police, but without any evidence to his whereabouts, they took a report and waited for him to surface.[120] Thelma became convinced that Toole's friends the Rickels knew where he was and called them repeatedly, even though they denied knowing where he had gone.[120]
Death[edit]
Toole was a lifelong admirer of Southern Gothic Fiction writer Flannery O'Connor, and the novel The Neon Bible he wrote in high school is said to resemble her writings. Shortly before his suicide, Toole attempted to visit the home of the deceased writer.
Items found in Toole's car show that he drove to California where he visited the Hearst family mansion and then to Milledgeville, Georgia.[121][122] Here he most likely attempted to visit Andalusia, the home of deceased writer Flannery O'Connor, although her house was not open to the public.[121][122] This was succeeded by a drive toward New Orleans. It was during this trip that he stopped outside Biloxi, Mississippi, and committed suicide by running a garden hose from the exhaust pipe in through the window of his car on March 26, 1969.[123] His car and person were immaculately clean, and the police officers who found him reported that his face showed no signs of distress.[124] An envelope discovered in the car was marked "to my parents". The suicide note inside the envelope was destroyed by his mother, who later gave varying vague accounts of its details.[125] In one instance she said it expressed his "concerned feeling for her" and later she told a Times-Picayune interviewer that the letter was "bizarre and preposterous. Violent. Ill-fated. Ill-fated. Nothing. Insane ravings."[126] He was buried at Greenwood Cemetery in New Orleans.[127] A few years earlier, Toole had driven his army buddy David Kubach to the exact spot where he would later commit suicide. As the location was unremarkable, Kubach did not understand why Toole had taken him there.[128] He left his parents a $2,000 life-insurance policy, several thousand dollars in savings, and his car.[121] Toole's funeral service was private and only attended by his parents and his childhood nursemaid Beulah Matthews.[129] The students and faculty at Dominican College were grief-stricken over Toole's death, and the school held a memorial service for him in the college courtyard. The head of Dominican gave a brief eulogy; however, as the institution was Catholic, his suicide was never mentioned.[130]
Posthumous publications[edit]
After Toole's death, Thelma Toole became mired in depression for two years and the manuscript for Dunces remained atop an armoire in his former room.[129] She then became determined to have it published, believing it would be an opportunity to prove her son's talent. Over a five-year period, she sent it out to seven publishers and they each rejected it.[131][132] "Each time it came back I died a little," she said.[132] However, in 1976 she became aware that author Walker Percy was becoming a faculty member at Loyola University New Orleans.[133] Thelma began a campaign of phone calls and letters to Percy to get him to read the manuscript. He even began complaining to his wife about a peculiar old woman's attempts to contact him.[134] With time running out on his term as professor, Thelma pushed her way into his office and demanded he read the manuscript.[135] Initially hesitant, Percy agreed to read the book to stop her badgering. He admitted to hoping it would be so bad that he could discard it after reading a few pages.[136] Ultimately, he loved the book, commenting in disbelief:[136]
In this case I read on. And on. First with the sinking feeling that it was not bad enough to quit, then with a prickle of interest, then a growing excitement, and finally an incredulity; surely it was not possible that it was so good.
Despite Percy's great admiration for the book, the road to publication was still difficult. It took over three more years, as he attempted to get several parties interested in it.[137] A Confederacy of Dunces was published by Louisiana State University Press in 1980, and Percy provided the foreword. At his recommendation,[138] Toole's first draft of the book was published with minimal copy-editing, and no significant revisions.[139] The first printing was only 2,500 copies,[140] and a number of these were sent to Scott Kramer, an executive at 20th Century Fox, to pitch around Hollywood, but the book initially generated little interest.[141] However, the novel attracted much attention in the literary world. A year later, in 1981, Toole was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The book has sold more than 1.5 million copies, in 18 languages.
Toole's only other novel, The Neon Bible, was published in 1989.[142] It was adapted into a feature film in 1995, directed by Terence Davies, that fared poorly at the box office and received a mixed critical reception.[143][144]
In 2015, debuting on November 11 and running through December 13th, Nick Offerman, star of the TV series Parks and Recreation, starred in a theatrical performance of A Confederacy of Dunces, adapted by Jeffrey Hatcher and directed by David Esbjornson. The play was staged at the prestigious Huntington Theatre in Boston.[145]
In 2016, the play Mr. Toole by Vivian Neuwirth, inspired by the events of Toole's life, death, and subsequent publication of A Confederacy of Dunces, debuted at the Midtown International Theatre Festival in New York City.[146]
Thelma Toole's tenacity in attempting to publish A Confederacy of Dunces is such that countless numbers of manuscripts were circulated, thus making it difficult to determine which is the "original." The Loyola University New Orleans and Tulane University archives both lay claim to early versions of the manuscript.[147]
A Confederacy of Dunces (LSU Press, 1980).
The Neon Bible (Grove Press, 1989).
^ a b Nevils and Hardy. pg. 143
^ a b Nevils and Hardy. pg. 5
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg. 6
^ Nevils and Hardy. pgs. 7–8
^ Nevils and Hardy. pgs. 12–3
^ Fletcher. pg. 64
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg. 18
^ Nevils and Hardy. pgs. 29–30
^ a b Nevils and Hardy. pg. 32
^ Fletcher. pg. 24–5
^ a b c Nevils and Hardy. pg. 38
^ a b c Kakutani, Michiko. Books of The Times; A Novelist's Story of Love, Pain and (Neon) Signs of Life, The New York Times, May 12, 1989, accessed September 24, 2010.
^ 'Neon Bible' the powerful voice of writer who died far too young, Deseret News, June 4, 1989, accessed October 8, 2010.
^ a b c Nevils and Hardy. pg.52
^ a b c Fletcher. pg. 16
^ a b Fletcher. pg. 20–22
^ a b c d e Nevils and Hardy. pg. 69
^ Fletcher. pg 26
^ Fletcher. pgs 27–8
^ a b Nevils and Hardy. pg 103–4
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg. 105
^ a b Nevils and Hardy. pg.111
^ Nevils and Hardy. pgs. 119–120
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg. 122–123
^ Paperbacks: New and Noteworthy, The New York Times, April 19, 1981, accessed September 30, 2010.
^ Nevils and Hardy. pgs. 109–110.
^ a b c d Nevils and Hardy. pg. 131
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg. 147.
^ Nevils. pg. 159–160
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg. pgs. 162–3
^ Fletcher. pgs. 36–7
^ Nevils and Hardy. 164
^ a b c Nevils and Hardy. pg. 166
^ a b Fletcher. pgs. 38–9
^ Nevils and Hardy. 169–170
^ Fletcher. pg.34
^ a b Fletcher. pg.78
^ Nevils and Hardy. pg.182
^ a b Fletcher. pg 79
^ a b Percey, Walker. A Confederacy of Dunces pgs. vii–viii (forward). LSU Press. 1980.
^ First Edition Points To Identify A Confederacy Of Dunces, pprize.com (Pulitzer Prize First Edition Guide), accessed January 21, 2008.
^ Hyman, Peter. A Conspiracy of Dunces, Slate, December 12, 2006, accessed January 21, 2008.
^ McDowell, Edwin. Book Notes, The New York Times, May 3, 1989, accessed August 24, 2010.
^ The Neon Bible, rottentomatoes.com, accessed August 24, 2010.
^ The Neon Bible, boxofficemojo.com, accessed October 2, 2010.
^ "'Confederacy of Dunces' review: A bumpy transition from page to stage at the Huntington Theatre - The Boston Globe". Retrieved 11 February 2018.
^ "Mr. Toole". Mr. Toole. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
^ "John Kennedy Toole Manuscript Finding Aid" (PDF). Special Collections & Archives, J. Edgar & Louise S. Monroe Library, Loyola University New Orleans. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
Fletcher, Joel L. Ken and Thelma: The Story of A Confederacy of Dunces. Gretna, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, Inc., 2005. ISBN 1-58980-296-9
Nevils, René Pol, and Hardy, Deborah George. Ignatius Rising: The Life of John Kennedy Toole. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8071-3059-1
Wikiquote has quotations related to: John Kennedy Toole
MacLauchlin, Cory. Butterfly in the Typewriter: The Tragic Life of John Kennedy Toole and the Remarkable Story of A Confederacy of Dunces Biography. Da Capo Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-306-82040-3
Marsh, Leslie. A close-grained review of MacLauchlin.
Sanford, Joseph. John Kennedy Toole: The Omega Point Documentary. Pelican Pictures, 2009.
John Kennedy Toole at Find a Grave
John Kennedy Toole papers at Tulane University, with photograph of Toole
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Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949)
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Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956)
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The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967)
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House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969)
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Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972)
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No award given (1974)
The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975)
Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976)
Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978)
The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979)
The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980)
A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981)
Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982)
The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983)
Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984)
Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985)
Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are two electronic ticket for CommuterLine. You can buy single trip ticket (known as THB) or you can buy multi trip ticket (known as KMT). The multi trip ticket can be reload if you are out of credit.
The fare for MRT Jakarta is based on the amount of station that you travel.


text:
Environment Energy Mining Watch SEE|News|Montenegrin debts due to constructions
Montenegrin debts due to constructions
Published on 11. May 2021. , News
In 2014, the Montenegrin government raised a $ 944 million loan from China's Exim Bank through a direct agreement without a tender, provided that the highway is built by China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC). Despite numerous warnings that this is an overpriced section that will not have enough traffic to ever become profitable and that this agreement will push Montenegro into debt bondage to China, the government has ignored objections and started building a highway. Critics have warned that the area through which this road should pass is extremely inaccessible (steep and high rocks), that it passes through some of the most protected and ecologically important areas in Europe under UNESCO protection and most importantly, that the cost does not justify the needs of the Montenegrin people. they can be equally well satisfied with a fast road that would be easier to build and cheaper to repay. All this was happening at the same time as the IMF warned that Montenegro should wait for the construction of the highway until EU accession when cheaper credit lines would be opened for them, as well as other non-credit financial instruments.
Montenegrin debts to Chinese banks continue to be the subject of analysts. The fact that this country's debt to China is as much as the entire state budget is of interest not only to the regional public, but also across the ocean. The Washington Post also wrote about the importance that the European Union should have in solving this problem, primarily from geopolitical perspectives, which are almost the only ones relevant for the United States: not to allow China and Russia to get even closer to the West. Our countries, both historically and today, still form the dividing line between foreign economic and geopolitical interests. Among all of them is the Montenegrin government, which at the very end of March asked the EU for help in repaying China's debt, which the European Commission refused.
Thus began speculation about Montenegro's financial future and its potential dependence on China. Despite numerous warnings, BIRN writes: "The new government insists that China's massive investments do not pose a threat to Montenegro's path to the European Union," adding that foreign investment in the country's major infrastructure projects is likely to continue. According to the Central Bank of Montenegro in October 2020, China was the largest investor in the country in 2020, with 70 million euros of foreign direct investment
There is no rationality in politics
Most of the Montenegrin government's loan to Exim went to a very difficult section of the 169 km long Bar-Boljare highway, which, among other things, requires tunnels and bridges and all over the UNESCO area of the Tara and Durmitor rivers. According to the media, the price of this share rose to 45 percent of GDP last year. The section has not yet been built, its deadline has been moved twice already, highway costs have risen to $ 1.3 billion, and despite all that, Montenegro is due to pay its first installment of a $ 67.5 million loan this summer. And that's where the problems arise. Economically, Montenegro has suffered greatly under the burden of the corona virus as its economy depends on tourism, which due to global quarantine has failed to raise enough funds to fill the public budget, so the country had to take another 750m-euro loan late last year to filled holes in the budget for 2021. With this loan, the public debt of Montenegro reached 91 percent of GDP. Pressed by financial burdens, Montenegro, as we have already written, turned to the EU, which explained that it could not be held liable for the debts of the candidate countries to third parties.
However, the EU is concerned about Montenegro's debt, especially in the context of other similar examples with Chinese infrastructure investments, such as in Sri Lanka, in the countries of Africa and South America, and at the time of the culmination of the Greek crisis – with the Athens port of Piraeus, which are all examples when countries had to leave their strategic positions to that country due to debts to China. More than the EU, this worries the United States, which insists on the Balkans as a clearly divided line that Eastern and Asian economies and ideologies must not cross. If anyone manages to persuade the EU to reschedule Montenegro's debt, it will be the United States rather than Montenegro.
In the end, if you are inclined to think that Montenegro has learned something from the whole story – it is not. According to BIRN, the government is currently negotiating with China to build a coal-fired power plant in Pljevlja in Montenegro, with an obligation to extract and burn coal in the next 20 to 30 years. At a time when the EU is increasingly pressuring coal, which in Europe has no more years of use than the government plans to commit to, Montenegro is again not listening, again not caring not only for its own ecosystem, air, health and the cost of pollution, but even for the economic viability of the planned projects. To that extent, the United States is right when, through the Washington Post and similar media, it pressures the EU to encamp more firmly in Montenegro, but just like this small Balkan country or large European one, the union does not listen to anyone, nor has it shown determination to finance development and sustainable projects.
Source: bilten.org


text:
A Lucián latin eredetű férfinév, jelentése: Lucius családjából származó.  Női párja: Luciána.

Gyakorisága
Az 1990-es években szórványos név, a 2000-es években nem szerepel a 100 leggyakoribb férfinév között.

Névnapok
 január 7.
 május 28.

Híres Luciánok

Magyarok

Külföldiek
 Lucian Blaga román író, költő, filozófus
 Lucian Boia román történész
 Lucian Sânmărtean román labdarúgó

Jegyzetek

Magyar keresztnevek (L)
Férfikeresztnevek (L)
Latin eredetű magyar férfikeresztnevek

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text:
Biography of Mannerist Painter: Fontainebleau School.
Deposition from the Cross (1521)
Pinacoteca Communale, Volterra.
Rosso Fiorentino (1494-1540)
• Career as a Painter
• Rosso Fiorentino's Paintings
• The Volterra Deposition
• Madonna with Ten Saints
• Marriage of the Virgin
• Cesi Chapel Frescoes
• The Risen Christ
• French Mannerism: School of Fontainebleau
COLOURS USED
For details of the pigments
used by Rosso Fiorentino
in his oil painting,
One of the most-travelled of Old Masters of the early Cinquecento, Rosso Fiorentino is best known for his highly charged, Mannerist painting, exemplified by his Deposition from the Cross (1521, Pinacoteca Communale, Volterra) and Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro (1523, Uffizi, Florence). Influenced initially by the work of Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Gothic engraving, he soon switched away from the aesthetics of High Renaissance art to the new style of Mannerism, which allowed his expressiveness greater scope. Around 1523 he moved from Florence to Rome, where he fell under the influence of the late works of Raphael (1483-1520) and the elegant but subdued art of Parmigianino (1503-40), which led to a major change in his painting, typified by his Dead Christ with Angels (1526). Leaving Rome when it was sacked in 1527, Rosso Fiorentino wandered restlessly between Perugia, Citta di Castello, Arezzo and other towns in Italy, before travelling to France at the invitation of the French King, where - along with Francesco Primaticcio (1504-70) - he became one of the key Mannerist artists involved in the Fontainebleau School, a style of art named after the royal palace of the French King Francis I. His most notable work here was his fresco painting and ornamental plasterwork for the Gallery of Francis I. In the process he became an important contributor to French Painting of the 16th century, and his and Primaticcio's style of art became known as the School of Fontainebleau.
Career as a Painter
Giovanni Battista di Jacopo - called il Rosso Fiorentino ("the red-headed Florentine") on account of his hair - was, according to Giorgio Vasari, in addition to being handsome, an excellent musician and skilled in philosophy. Among the most original painters of his generation, Rosso was a temporary pupil of Andrea del Sarto (1486-1530), although he does not appear to have been trained exclusively by one or another master in Florence; perhaps he moved about from workshop to workshop. In any event, he mastered not only drawing but also tempera as well as oil painting. The first fact we have is that he became a member of the painters' guild in 1517, and in the same year was commissioned to fresco an Assumption of the Virgin for the Santissima Annunziata, in the atrium where Pontormo (1494-1556) had also painted. Four years later (1521) Rosso signed and dated his masterpiece, the large Deposition from the Cross made for the Cappella della Croce di Giorno in San Francesco in Volterra, which was moved to the Cathedral and is now in the local Pinacoteca.
Several other signed pictures have been preserved from these years when he was working on Renaissance art in Florence; in 1524 he went to Rome and painted frescoes for the Cesi Chapel in Santa Maria della Pace. He remained in Rome, where he also produced several fine Renaissance drawings for engraving purposes, until 1527. Following the sacco di Roma, during which time he was manhandled by ruffians, Rosso fled to Perugia and then to Borgo San Sepolcro.
In Umbria Rosso was commissioned to paint the Risen Christ for the Cathedral of Citta di Castello, a work that he finished only in 1530. In that year the painter left central Italy for Venice and soon settled in France, where he was patronized by King Francis I (1494-1547), on whose payroll his name appears under the year 1532. He became master of the stucco and painted decorations of the palace at Fontainebleau and was given a benefice in Paris, where he died five years later, still in the prime of life, rich, famous, and influential.
Rosso Fiorentino's Paintings
Like the the other contemporary frescoes at the Santissima Annunziata, the Assumption of the Virgin is in poor condition, and Rosso's picture can be deciphered only with difficulty. The figures, their internal proportions, and the treatment of the drapery recall most of all the work of Fra Bartolommeo (1472-1517). At this point Rosso does not seem to have attained a fully liberated personal and identifiable manner. He was also beguiled by Andrea del Sarto's style, and thus he is clinging here to the monumentality of his older contemporaries that proved to be unnatural and ultimately uncharacteristic.
The Volterra Deposition
By the time he designed the Deposition from the Cross of 1521 for Volterra, Rosso's idiom had become thoroughly individual and even odd, and his lyric instincts were given free rein. The Deposition has its closest connection to one of the same subject produced in a curious collaboration by two leading lyric masters of the previous generation. The Deposition (Accademia, Florence), begun by Filippino Lippi (1457-1504) and finished after his death by Perugino (1450-1523), predates Rosso's by nearly two decades. Rosso also arranged his characters calligraphically; they are laid out almost directly on the picture surface, eliminating any implication of convincing space. He substitutes expressive poses and gestures for volume, emphasizing the emotional content with thoroughly abstract, unnaturalistic colour. Decorum in the High Renaissance painting vocabulary of Leonardo (1452-1519) or Raphael is displaced by an exterior frenzy, and anything approaching a measured modular system has disappeared so that the scale and size perform a different function from that in, say, the School of Athens (1509-11, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican).
Arms and legs are difficult to associate with the bodies they belong to, and single figures and groups are connected unpredictably. The drapery, painted with strong tones, is carefully and quite specifically rendered with a certain dryness and structurally has little to do with the figure to which it pertains, even operating in opposition to its physical integrity. A word should be said about the remarkable quality of the paint, which was vigorously stroked onto the smooth wood surface with controlled brushwork that retains its identity while describing the forms.
The composition of the Deposition is dictated by the actual form of the pala: the arrangement of the figures who begin to lower the dead Christ from the Cross continues the movement of the curved top. The horizontal bar of the Cross acts to introduce the curved section and calibrate the vertical thrusts of the Cross and the three ladders. The spatial and visual ambiguities in the painting must have been sought consciously, and they are an important component of Rosso's formal expression.
Madonna with Ten Saints
The signed and dated Dei Altarpiece of 1522 (known as Madonna with Ten Saints, Pitti Palace, Florence), originally painted for the Dei family chapel in Santo Spirito, has been enlarged since Rosso's day, altering the composition beyond recognition. The elaborated flat architecture above the Madonna and Child with the ten accompanying saints is not part of the original; neither are additions on the sides and at the bottom. Rosso depends more on modelling to establish the figures, and he creates a more dramatic interaction between darker zones and flickering lights than in the previous examples. The figures remain elongated; they have smallish heads on massive draped bodies, except for St. Sebastian and the Christ Child. Rosso offers no psychological insight into their personalities or how they interact with their companions: they are unique, single images, each a whole unto himself. At this time Rosso must have been aware of forms and figural solutions by Michelangelo, who was active on the Medici tombs and on other Florentine projects in these years. The St. Sebastian has an air common to Michelangelo's Bacchus (then in Rome, however) but even more to his bronze David. An even clearer borrowing can be signalled, one which refers back to Rosso's presumed origins: the saint kneeling beneath the Madonna on the right is unmistakably based on Fra Bartolommeo's St. Bernard from his Vision of St. Bernard (1506, Accademia Gallery, Florence).
Marriage of the Virgin
A third picture from the Florentine years is the Marriage of the Virgin, dated 1523 and still in the Church of San Lorenzo. In manner it is close to the Dei altarpiece, whose St. Catherine, seated in front of the enthroned Mary, reappears as a type in the seated old St. Anne, hands clasped in prayer, and her opposite, the young St. Apollonia, holding an open book; her transparent garment unexpectedly exposes the torso. The main action takes place on a platform up a set of steps, where the handsome bride and bridegroom, whose heads are in profile, are being married by the priest. Painted with intense blond tonalities, the beardless Joseph is as youthful as Mary, contrary to traditional representations or, for that matter, Biblical tradition. There are frequent passages of exceptional virtuosity, as in the magnificent hair of Joseph or that of the disappointed suitor next to him. Rosso has moved, probably more than any other painter of his generation, to a deep, erratic individualization of the world he painted, with an anti-conventional treatment of the human figure, of entire compositions, and of surface handling and colour. He left Florence soon after the Marriage of the Virgin was painted, never to return, as if his explorations into a personal manner within the local usages of the Florentine Renaissance had been exhausted.
Cesi Chapel Frescoes
Rosso's experience of the Renaissance in Rome, from 1524 to 1527, threw his treatment of images into turmoil. Michelangelo's Genesis fresco on the Sistine ceiling had a profound but negative effect upon Rosso, who sought to monumentalize his images in the Cesi Chapel frescoes. The heavy forms depicting the Creation of Eve are specifically related to Michelangelesque prototypes from the ceiling, but they are not taken from the same subject (which Rosso could have done directly had he chosen to do so). Rosso also unmasks an awareness of another wave of Roman painting that had a basically monumental cast - the work of painters trained in Raphael's shop. Judging from the Cesi frescoes, which are the only works that can be securely associated with Rosso's Roman sojourn, the impact of Roman painting was not beneficial.
The Risen Christ
After leaving Rome, Rosso executed his last major Italian commission, the Risen Christ, sometimes (inaccurately) called the Transfiguration, in which he liberated himself from the weight of Michelangelo's presence, although the incongruously muscular child recalls him or, perhaps, Raphael's main follower Giulio Romano (1499-1546). The intensity of a personalized religiosity, aggravated by his experiences during the Sack of Rome, is expressed in a heightened mysticism and complexity. Only the isolated Christ, figuratively reminiscent of Pontormo, is easily read. The picture, trimmed on all four corners to create an imbalanced octagon, still maintains a centrality of composition. Action occurs on or close to the surface, and if certain figures recall Raphael directly, they have become ethereal apparitions.
French Mannerism: School of Fontainebleau
Rosso's activity in France, centered on his mural painting for the royal palace at Fontainebleau, has not survived in sufficient quality and state of preservation to offer comprehensive judgment about his last decade. The Gallery of Francis I, where stories from the Iliad, the Odyssey, and from Ovid's Metamorphoses are used to allegorize the life of the French monarch, has been variously restored and the frescoes heavily repainted. Nor is his exact share in the stuccoes in the same palace known, although it is usually assumed that Rosso was in charge of their original design. (Note: Other members of the Fontainebleau School included: Benvenuto Cellini, Jean Cousin, Niccolo dell'Abbate, Antoine Caron). It may be symptomatic of French art or merely a turn of fortune that allowed Rosso, who was something of a failure in Rome, to have great success in France.
Paintings by Rosso Fiorentino can be seen in some of the best art museums, and churches, across Italy.
We gratefully acknowledge the use of material from James Beck's excellent book "Italian Renaissance Painting" (Konemann, 1999).
• For more about High Renaissance and Mannerist painters, see: Homepage.
• For analysis of important oils and frescoes, see: Famous Paintings Analyzed.


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The story follows Carol Danvers as she becomes one of the universe's most powerful heroes when Earth is caught in the middle of a galactic war between two alien races. Set in the 1990s, Captain Marvel is an all-new adventure from a previously unseen period in the history of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Valley of the Dead (2022)
They're soldiers on different sides of the war. But when the dead come back to life, the only side they want to be on is the one that survives.
Danger Close (2019)
Vietnam War, 1966. Australia and New Zealand send troops to support the United States and South Vietnamese in their fight against the communist North. Soldiers are very young men, recruits…
Scientist Bruce Banner scours the planet for an antidote to the unbridled force of rage within him: the Hulk. But when the military masterminds who dream of exploiting his powers…
Major Grom: Plague Doctor (2021)
Igor Grom is a skilled policeman from St. Petersburg, known for his daring nature and uncompromising attitude towards the criminals of all kinds. Incredible strength, analytical mind and integrity –…
Death Race: Inferno (2013)
Carl Lucas / Frankenstein has won four of his races and needs to win one more to win his freedom. Before his final race, Lucas and his team, car and…
Country: USA, Germany, South Africa
Genre: Action, Crime, Sci-Fi, Thriller
Vanguard (2020)
Covert security company Vanguard is the last hope of survival for an accountant after he is targeted by the world's deadliest mercenary organization.
An apocalyptic story set in the furthest reaches of our planet, in a stark desert landscape where humanity is broken, and most everyone is crazed fighting for the necessities of…
Country: Australia, South Africa
22 Bullets (2010)
Charly Matteï has turned his back on his life as an outlaw. For the last three years, he's led a peaceful life devoting himself to his wife and two children….
Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic (2010)
Dante journeys through the nine circles of Hell — limbo, lust, gluttony, greed, anger, heresy, violence, fraud and treachery — in search of his true love, Beatrice. An animated version…
Country: USA, Japan, Singapore, South Korea
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A gutsy crew of Joseon pirates and bandits battle stormy waters, puzzling clues and militant rivals in search of royal gold lost at sea.
Paul Atreides, a brilliant and gifted young man born into a great destiny beyond his understanding, must travel to the most dangerous planet in the universe to ensure the future…
Mortal Engines (2018)
Many thousands of years in the future, Earth's cities roam the globe on huge wheels, devouring each other in a struggle for ever diminishing resources. On one of these massive…
Country: USA, New Zealand, Japan
Genre: Action, Adventure, Fantasy, Sci-Fi, Thriller
Trailer: Captain Marvel (2019)


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GreenHouse- After-school program
Wednesday afternoons feel a little different around the Valley campus than they used to. The after school hour delivers 35 enthusiastic young faces running through the parking lot, chattering and smiling. Parents come following in tow, delighted to witness their kids so eager, so happy. The kids can't wait for their club to start! The buzz has been spreading about VDC's Family Enrichment Center, The GreenHouse, and its launch of the H2O After-School Club. H2O opened on April 23rd with The GreenHouse's mission truly in the forefront: to provide a safe place to grow. As families enter the GreenHouse rooms, the atmosphere is quietly alive, charged with enthusiasm.
You'd think the ingredients of clamoring young people and the anticipation of an afternoon of fun would cook up a lot of noise. So many places in our lives are filled with too much noise these days; noise that distracts us from what is really important. But in the H2O After School Club, the kids soak up the peace and sense of purpose. "Work while you work, play while you play. This is the way to be happy each day" the kids are taught. A sense of industry is being awakened and stimulated in their young and impressionable lives.
The Soak Team leads the first hour, from 3:00-4:00pm. It consists of homework help, tutoring, learning projects, silent personal reading and read-aloud story time. The goal of this Soak Hour is for the kids to soak up mentoring and academic guidance, while sparking a pleasant sense of productivity and accomplishment. They experience the principle that hard work can feel really good!
The second hour, from 4:00-5:00pm, is led by the Splash Team and includes fun and action. Activities such as sports, crafts, Legos, board games, playdough, jump ropes, bubbles, puzzles, and playground time are enjoyed with adult mentors. They learn good sportsmanship and teamwork, to collaborate with others on projects, and to finish what they start. Giggles and smiles bubble up from fulfilled kids and saturate the space; because when its time to play, H2O kids do it with a splash!
The GreenHouse has a goal: to cultivate fruitful families by helping them establish an atmosphere that is life-giving and safe, even as harsh storms rage outside. We begin with the kids. H2O is proving that kids thrive in a culture where positive adult attention is plentiful, rules and guidelines are strong and safe, and they are personally challenged to grow, learn and have fun. One mom told us this week,"I never need a reminder call (about H2O), my children don't stop reminding me." That sounds like we are on the road to success to me!
-Jenna Livingston, founder of 'The GreenHouse' Family Enrichment Center
Intentional Meetings
Bio of The Valley Dream Center President, Rene M. Charest
Commitment vs. Comfort
Loads of Love- In memory of Janessa
Wait Loss
Does God allow Mulligans?
The Healing Power of Work
Go Play Outside!
Follow Rene


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A: $("a").click(function(){
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В setTimeout два параметра - функция и время до её выполнения.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Steve Milo is the founder and CEO of VTrips, a growing and innovative property management and rental reservation platform which leverages a proprietary technology system to maximize occupancy, revenue growth and profitability. VTrips manages 2,000 exclusive vacation rental properties in destinations ranging from Florida to Hawaii. Mr. Milo is a graduate of the University of Virginia, McIntire School of Commerce and previously held several senior level ecommerce and internet marketing positions before forming VTrips and Vacation Rental Pros. Steve Milo is considered an industry thought leader regarding the evolution of the highly fragmented Vacation Rental lodging industry to a transactional driven medium and is a key note speaker on the subject at conferences in North America and Europe.
Matt Landau is referred to as "the voice of independents" in the vacation rental industry. While launching Los Cuatro Tulipanes, one of the first luxury accommodations in the emerging historic district of Casco Viejo (Panama), Matt learned the challenges of vacation rentals from the ground up. He applied that experience in the creation of VRMB, now recognized as the top online marketing resource in the industry. Within VRMB resides the Inner Circle, a private learning community of vacation rental owners and managers. Matt is also the host of A Sense of Place, the world's first travel show featuring vacation rentals, and Unlocked, a fly-on-the-wall style podcast series featuring everyday vacation rental superheroes.
Conrad O'Connell is the founder of BuildUp Bookings, a digital marketing consultancy working with vacation rental managers to drive huge results. Since 2014, Conrad has been creating winning SEO, Paid Search, Email & Social marketing campaigns. With a background spanning six years and working with over 50 vacation rental firms, Conrad brings a unique background to his work and always seeks to be on the leading edge of effective digital marketing strategy.
Wes Melton is the co-founder and CTO of SmokyMountains.com. Previously he co-founded, grew, and successfully exited one of the fastest growing property management firms in the U.S. He now spends time growing his brand, traveling, speaking, building Legos, and spending time with his family in Gatlinburg.


Motorcyclists from throughout the region will be participating in the 4th annual Hero's Ride through southeastern Minnesota on Saturday to remember and honor our fallen Military and Law Enforcement Heroes..
The ride, which benefits the Southeast Minnesota Disabled American Veterans Chapter #28, will run for about 140 miles starting at Rochester Harley Davidson at noon and end at Rochester VFW Post 1215 in downtown Rochester.
Registration, which begins at 10am, is $25 dollars for each rider and $10 dollars for passengers. The event includes a dinner catered by the Canadian Honker at the VFW Club.


The MDI Trojans Girl's Basketball Team outlasted the Foxcroft Academy Ponies 45-42 on Saturday afternoon, January 30th in Bar Harbor and the Trojans are now 16-1 with 1 game remaining, against Ellsworth, at Ellsworth on Wednesday, February 3rd.
MDI led 9-6 at the end of the 1st Quarter and 24-13 at the end of the 1st Half. However, Foxcroft Academy outscored MDI 21-10 in the 3rd Quarter, and tied the score 34-34 at the end of the 3rd Quarter. However, the Trojans outscored the Ponies, 11-8 in the 4th Quarter to win the game.
MDI was led by Kelsey Shaw with 19 points. Keely McConomy who celebrated her 18th birthday today, scored 10 points and Mariah Hamor had 6 points. MDI was 15-24 from the free throw line.
Foxcroft Academy was led by Grace Bickford and Abby Simpson each of whom had 10 points. Kendra Ewer had 9 points thanks to 3 3-pointers. The Ponies were 9-14 from the free throw line.
MDI is now 16-1 and plays at Ellsworth on Wednesday, February 3rd at 7 PM in a game that will be broadcast on AM 1370 WDEA and WDEA Internet Radio.
Foxcroft Academy is now 9-8 and plays their last game at home on Wednesday, February 3rd at 7 PM against Central.


Gentleman begins his tour tonight in Wiesbaden, Germany (sold out), concluding at the Palladium in Cologne, Germany on December 2nd. Special guests include Daddy Rings, Claye, Christopher Martin and Martin Jondo. See below for dates and venues.


I just fought my fourth battle for Carthage (not counting the little native uprising). In this attack, Carthaginians show up with about four legions and seven, count em, seven war elephants. I have managed to assemble two academy-trained divisions of legionaries, feeling pretty good about that -- but right now they're looking mighty inadequate.
But here's the kicker: At least 1/2 my city towers don't have ballistas yet!
Unlike others here, I do not engage the enemy in the field. I build my forts close to my city and I wait for the enemy to close. Why? So the sentries, ballistas and prefects can contribute to the defence. Of course, due to city sprawl, I've got a lot of fishing villages out there, unprotected, along with warehouses, a granary, etc -- things I'd rather not lose.
I send out my two operational legions to draw the enemy away from my villages. I throw up walls to deter them from trampling my helpless fisherfolk, all the while hoping and praying the barracks sends out the men I need on my city walls.
Until ONE LONE PREFECT FILLS THE BREACH! He's holding off seven elephants single-handed!
My legions are dying right before my eyes... how can I help this friggin hero? I send out MY SINGLE AUXILLIARY LANCER! He shouts his response to my orders and races, cape flying, to the rear of the elephants, drawing them away from the breach! He runs like the devil back to the Carthaginian infantry, and draws THEM away from the city walls! Now, about eight more prefects come streaming from the city -- and two more ballistas appear in the towers!
My legions are annihilated, dying like Romans, holding their ground to the last man -- but two, three, four elephants hit the dust -- and the enemy calls a retreat! Victory! The city has been saved! And for once I forgive the eight prefects who insist on chasing the defeated enemy all the way across the desert. They deserve their moment of glory, after all.
Oops. Okay, I made up that last sentence.


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Addi Tarr
CNA Week 5
Area 51 Raid: They Come in Peace, So Far
After more than 2 million people signed up for the joke-instigated Facebook event, the "Area 51 Raid" is now in full swing. Hundreds have flown from all across the United States to take part in the event. Friday, a band of around 100 people, approached an Area 51 gate armed with signs, where police stood guard.
Ohio child sex trafficking sting nabs more than 100, including church leader, ER doctor: report
104 suspects were arrested in Ohio, in a massive operation in attempts to shut down human trafficking and child sex. Included in the arrested, 24 of the men were detained after they arrived at an unnamed location with the intention of meeting a child for sex.
"They show up with sex toys, they show up with lubrication, they show up with things that clearly somebody isn't going to show up to a house with, unless they intended to engage in sexual activity." Said Steven Tucker, of the Franklin County Sheriff's Office.
Two killed, seven wounded in shootings in Columbia Heights, Rhode Island Ave. NE, D.C. police say
Thursday, nine people were shot in Washington, D.C., two of victims suffered critical injuries that lead to death. D.C. Police say they're looking for a light-colored Nissan sedan with an "unknown tag" number that is believed to have involvement regarding the case. It is unclear what led to the shooting.
Journalism LU '21
More from Addi Tarr


A multi-million dollar advertising campaign launching today (Tues) for the Affordable Care Act targets young women using pets as the spokespeople.
New Affordable Care Act campaign targets young women using pets as the spokespeople, as new research shows most people don't know about the March 31 deadline or the financial help available.
A multimillion-dollar Affordable Care Act advertising campaign launches today targeting young women, who are more likely to enroll in health insurance and are the best hope for signing up their more risk-oriented male counterparts, backers say.
The campaign by the non-profit advocacy group Enroll America uses pets to reach its audience and launches with less than two months to go before the March 31 deadline for enrollment. Enroll America says about 81% of the public doesn't know about the deadline and 69% of people don't know that financial help is available to those with incomes below 400% of the poverty level.
Enroll America President Anne Filipic says the cats, dogs, birds and other pets featured in the ads "help break through the clutter" and are sure to resonate with the public. She cites statistics showing more than 60% of homes have a pet and more than half of female pet owners would risk their lives for their pets.
The glitch-ridden federal site HealthCare.gov has dominated so much of the news media coverage that important elements of the law, such as subsidies that make it affordable, have become lost on consumers, Filipic says.
"There have been challenges in getting messages out," she says. "People don't have the facts they need to know."
The Ad Council will rely on what it hopes will be at least $30 million in donated time and space to get the message out on billboards and in the media. Enroll America expects to spend about $1.5 million a year. The new public service announcement ads were done in English and Spanish by ad agencies Razorfish and La Comunidad, which donated their time.
Last month, the Department of Health and Human Services announced 3 million people have signed up for insurance on the federal and state exchanges. The Congressional Budget Office estimated about 7 million people will enroll by the end of 2014, a number the Obama administration has set as a goal. It also hopes about 40% of these people are in the 18-to-35 age range, though just about a quarter of the newly enrolled are in that range. Young people offset the costs of covering less healthy, older people, but there are provisions in the law that compensate insurers for treating older, sicker people.
Ronnell Nolan, CEO of Health Agents for America, which educates brokers on the new law, says the lack of awareness will come at a steep cost for many consumers. Those who don't sign up by March 31 will have to pay a penalty of $95 or 1% of their income (whichever's greater) when they file their taxes in 2015.
"Nobody talks about the 1% of income — that could be huge," says Nolan. Some people "are going to be surprised when they have to pay the penalty and still don't have insurance."
Consumer psychologist Kit Yarrow says Enroll America's campaign should help, especially because it targets young women.
"Men tend to stay bulletproof in their minds longer than women do," says Yarrow, author of the book Decoding the New Consumer Mind, out next month. "All young people have a sense of invincibility, but women understand earlier than men do that it isn't true."
Almost every young woman Betsy Decillis knows has been looking into getting health insurance, while none of the young men have been. The 33-year-old marketing company owner says the mandatory maternity coverage in the new plans is the feature that attracts her most.
Decillis says it helped that she and her friends, who are consultants, were insurance shopping together: "We were holding hands trying to get through (it)," she says of Healthcare.gov.
Chloe Irla, 29, had so much trouble getting signed up for insurance on Maryland's troubled exchange, she was afraid she'd have to go without insurance. She worked with an insurance broker and got a plan with no deductible and an affordable $323 monthly premium. It was just in time: She had a miscarriage late last month and had to go to the hospital for two outpatient visits.
"I'm very grateful I'm covered now," says Irla, who moved to Baltimore from Maine with her husband last summer. "Without the insurance, I would have been hesitant to go back and get care."
Women are strong users of social media and often share more online, which makes them more likely to spread a message than men, Yarrow says. That's one of the reasons women are the target of the campaign, Enroll America says.
Using pets "takes the opportunity for any cynicism or rancor out of the advertising" for the polarizing law, says Ad Council CEO Peggy Conlon. Yarrow agrees.
"The thing about animals is that just the image of them tends to soften people," Yarrow says. "Animals open you up, allow you to see the message and pay attention to it."


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Peter Luccin Net Worth 2018: What is this football/soccer player worth?
Peter Luccin is a professional football/soccer player who played Defensive midfielder. Luccin was born on April 9, 1979, in Marseille, France. This article examines Peter Luccin's net worth.
Peter Luccin Career and Earnings/Salary
As a youth, Peter Luccin played for Saint-Joseph during 1987-1989, played for Vivaux-Maronniers during 1989-1992, played for SO Caillols during 1992-1994, and played for AS Cannes during 1994-1996. Over 1996-1997, Luccin played for AS Cannes earning 13 caps and scoring 0 goals. During 1997-1998, Luccin played for FC Girondins de Bordeaux earning 41 caps and scoring 0 goals. In 1998-2000, Luccin played for Olympique de Marseille earning 51 caps and scoring 2 goals. In 2000-2002, Luccin played for Paris Saint-Germain F.C. earning 26 caps and scoring 1 goals. From 2001-2002, Luccin played for Celta de Vigo (loan) earning 33 caps and scoring 1 goals. From 2002-2004, Luccin played for Celta de Vigo earning 89 caps and scoring 2 goals. From 2007-2010, Luccin played for Real Zaragoza earning 31 caps and scoring 0 goals.
Peter Luccin also played nationally. During 1997, Luccin played for the France national under-20 football team scoring 2 goals, with 5 caps.
Peter Luccin Net Worth 2018
Professional soccer players can bring in plenty of money. But salaries depend on lots of different circumstances. These include the player's area and of course, their success. At the top end, footballers in the U.K. and Western Europe can bring in $50 million or more. In Latin America, top soccer players get $1,000,000-$2,000,000 annually while in countries where soccer/football is not as popular, like the US and China, players receive a few hundred thousand a year. The least paying leagues can pay as little as $50 thousand per annum.
Peter Luccin net worth: soccer/football salary distribution
So what is football/soccer player Peter Luccin's net worth in 2018? Our estimate for Peter Luccin's net worth as of 2018 is: $18 million
Here are some related football/soccer players: Dele Adeleye, Mitja Brulc, Aleksandr Antipenko, Tommi Vaiho, Ibrahima Traoré, Benjamin Mendy, Jorge Iván Estrada, Jairo Palomino, André Santos, Christian Eriksen, and Jimmy Smith.


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Кучища-Цесарицька () — населений пункт у Хорватії, у Лицько-Сенській жупанії у складі громади Карлобаг.

Населення
Населення за даними перепису 2011 року становило 12 осіб.

Динаміка чисельності населення поселення:

Клімат
Середня річна температура становить 12,06 °C, середня максимальна – 23,91 °C, а середня мінімальна – 0,04 °C. Середня річна кількість опадів – 1118 мм.

Примітки

Населені пункти Хорватії


The leaders of Germany's three largest automakers will hold tariff talks with US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross at the White House today.
For months, the Trump administration has mulled over whether to increase the current 2.5% tariff on EU-made cars to 25%. President Trump insists this is necessary to 'correct' a trade imbalance that sees the EU slap a 10% tariff on US-made cars.
Volkswagen, Daimler (manufacturer of Mercedes) and BMW export more than half a million cars each year to the US. While this only constitutes about 5% of global sales, the US remains the second largest market for Daimler and BMW and the third largest market for Volkswagen.
Combined with slowing demand in China—the world's largest car market, which is also suffering the effects of Mr Trump's tariff spree—a 10-fold increase in US tariffs poses a serious risk to European automakers' bottom-line.
Today's talks are likely aimed at convincing top executives to move production to the United States. Indeed, Volkswagen is currently in "conversations" to set up an electric car factory in the US. Similar moves by other large European car makers will thrill Mr Trump and his supporters and could well stave off the much-mooted 25% tariff.


Old News: Harry Belafonte still lives and is kickass COOL!
CHECK OUT COLOROFCHANGE.ORG WHILE YOU'RE IN THE KEEPING THE FAYTH MOOD...from 2005...Belafonte used a Hitler analogy when asked about what impact prominent blacks such as former Secretary of State Powell and current Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice had on the Bush administration's relations with minorities. "Hitler had a lot of Jews high up in the hierarchy of the Third Reich. Color does not necessarily denote quality, content or value," Belafonte said in an exclusive interview with Cybercast News Service. "[If] a black is a tyrant, he is first and foremost a tyrant, then he incidentally is black. Bush is a tyrant and if he gathers around him black tyrants, they all have to be treated as they are being treated," he added.


Jenny is well known in the Wairarapa for her work at a local insurance firm, where for 12 years she worked as a Personal Risk Adviser, Fire and General Broker and Claims Manager.
Jenny grew up in the Wairarapa and has been involved in the financial services industry here since 1997. She brings to RIVAL Wealth, an excellence in customer service and the ability to get the best result for her clients. Jenny's husband is a local commercial fisherman, and their 3 sons have now left home pursuing their own careers.
Jenny is an Authorised Financial Adviser (AFA) and a member of the Institute of Financial Advisers. Jenny's areas of expertise focus on rural, commercial, and domestic insurance, personal risk management, and ACC.


This year, for all fans of NBA 2K18, one of the hardest aspects of the game is the excessive amount of coins needed to build up a quality side. On the court, the last thing that you want to be doing is turning to the bench and playing reserves that cannot cut it at the top level. To avoid you having to make such a decision, though, we can provide you with all the NBA 2K18 MT Coins that you need. Quickly delivered and ready to be used ASAP, these make it easier than ever for you to put together a team nice and quickly, with the choice of the superstars yours the minute you need to make a choice.
With delivery handled in under half an hour, we make sure that the minute your coin request comes through that we have someone on the ball to start moving things around. This allows you to get your investment delivered safely, smoothly and without any kind of delays. If you want to get on the scene and start building that ultimate team, then this is going to help speed up the process and remove so much of the stress and annoyance that usually revolves around buying up players.
Now, you can enjoy a much more consistent process of squad building. When you are used to having to scrimp and scrape to make a third pick in the wrong position do his best, it can feel like a slog instead of entertainment. To help you make the right call as soon as you possibly can, we recommend that you take the time to invest in some of our Cheap NBA 2K MT Coins to avoid you having to make do in the big match.
There is nothing worse than throwing all of that hard work and effort to reach the end game of a campaign, only to find you lack the depth to finish it off in style. This can be hard to accept and take, but with our help you can get a little bit of a helping hand from 'upstairs' and make sure you are building a team with style, precision and progression.
We love helping people out and building a really impressive collection system. If you are looking for stress-free collection of NBA 2K MT Coins, then our 2K18 MT system is just what you need to get yourself beating the best and seeing through trophy matches.


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Q: Unable to set the default value for drop down list? In my application one drop down list is there, in which the values are coming dynamically from database. If I select any category value in drop down list and go for menu and If I reset the database I need to clear the select value of drop down and set the default value "Select Category". But I am unable to clear the selected value of the drop down list.
My code is as follows,
Script:
<script>
    function resetconformation()
    {
        var x;
        var r=confirm("Do you want to reset database!");
        if (r==true)
        {
        var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: "MYDB"});
         db.transaction(function (tx) {
                           tx.executeSql('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Locationlog');
                           });
        //$('#select-choice option:contains("Select Category")').prop('selected',true);
        $("#select-choice").empty();
        $("#locationList").empty();
        $("#maillocation").hide();
        var optionheading = '<option value="Select Category">Select Category</option>';
        $("#select-choice").append(optionheading);
        $("#select-choice").refresh();
        $('#select-choice option:contains("Select Category")').prop('selected',true);
        $('#select-choice option[value="Select Category"]').attr('selected',true);

        }
        else
        {

        }

    }
</script>

HTML:
<select name="select-choice" id="select-choice" data-mini="true" data-theme="a" style="width:230px">

Select Category

How can I set the default value "Select Category" after reset the database? Any suggestions..

A: Working example: http://jsfiddle.net/Gajotres/tN56D/1/
You are missing one bug line:
$("#select-choice").selectmenu('refresh', true);

Every dynamically added content must be enhanced manually, jQuery Mobile will not do it for you.

A: Why not just
var sel = $("#select-choice").get(0); // get the DOM object
sel.options.length=1; // no need to delete all and add the Select Category each time
sel.selectedIndex=0;


text:
CrimeCyprus
Suspects arrested in arson death
By Elias Hazou January 31, 2019 0216
The damaged building. The dead woman was found on the first floor
POLICE have arrested three persons in connection with a fire that broke out in the early morning hours of Wednesday and which resulted in the death of a 39-year-old woman.
The first suspect has been named as Ibrahim Chalil, 32, from Syria.
He was taken into custody on Thursday in connection with a case involving manslaughter, breaking and entering, and arson.
Shortly before 3am on Wednesday someone torched a café /restaurant on the ground floor of a building on Costakis Pantelides street in Nicosia. The fires also caused an explosion.
The woman who died lived in an apartment on the first floor above the café.
Also under arrest are the owner of the café, as well as the driver of a motorcycle whom witnesses spotted speeding away from the scene.
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Elias Hazou