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Posted by: Forest of Illusions 4 years, 9 months ago
Does a mask hide a person's identity or bring it out? Perhaps it does a little of both; emphasizing certain states of being while keeping others hidden.
We all wear masks. We switch between them every day as we go about our lives, putting on different face and playing a different role for everybody we meet. Rarely, if ever, do we find someone with whom we can share the full multiplicity of people inside us. Instead, we wear the mask appropriate to the encounter. I'm wearing a mask right now for you all: This is the mask of Vaka Rangi, which has come to symbolize certain familiar behaviour traits and tropish signifiers that you have come to expect following this blog for a number of years. As personal as I try to get in my writings, Vaka Rangi is not, has never been and cannot ever be a complete encapsulation of my feelings and my identities for many different reasons. It's a caricatured facsimile meant to stand for specific aspects of it I felt were appropriate and workable enough to weave into a multi-threaded series of narratives.
(This is not, it should be stressed, by definition a bad thing: We always want to evoke different parts of our personalities in different contexts because we all have different skills, talents and experiences that are relevant to different situations. This is ultimately just a more roundabout way of explaining how we call upon and mobilize our positionalities when it's fitting to do so. In this world, not everybody needs to know everything about everybody else all of the time. Think about me however you need to in order to help you get through your day.)
Deanna Troi claims Data is suffering from "android multiple personality disorder". But she's a psychologist and is trained to view things in terms of diagnoses and disorders. But Deanna Troi is also an artist, as is Data, which is an important point worth returning to. Either way, what Data is experiencing is something far more profound than what the medical terminology would have us believe. In many cultures, masks play a ritual shamanic role: The mask is supposed to embody the essence of a god, spirit or ancestor, so when a shaman adopts the mask he or she is attempting to contact the deity it represents, either through channeling, invocation or direct communication. As in all such rituals, there is a strong performative element-For the duration of mask ceremonies of this type, the shaman "becomes" the deity through a combination of staged artifice (they're literally playing a role) and through magickal, spiritual identification and association. And who better to give a role like this than to Data, our "imitation man" who is defined by the way in which he self-consciously takes on different roles, and is himself played by impressionist Brent Spiner? Indeed, this episode is likely the defining moment where Spiner and Data are finally allowed to meld their respective skills in a way that naturalistically furthers the story's themes.
Data is not just channeling the D'Arsay people's gods and mythological heroes, as Captain Picard points out in the episode's closing moments, he's also channeling their entire civilization. It's a lovely, and very nuanced, sort of paralleling: Folk tradition dictates that gods can take mortal form through ritualized performativity, and its through those same traditions that the D'Arsay in a real sense get to live again. Gods and heroes are localized to the people, places and traditions who honour them, so in many ways you could argue one of the best way to get to know a people is through their stories. It's also an interesting extension of a feature of Data's that's often been mentioned, but rarely explored: That he supposedly contains the memories and experiences of everyone on his colony. This is just that, but with far more meaning and resonance.
Also intriguing is the way the D'Arsay archive ship works. It uses pre-existing matter to literally re-shape an environment into a recreation of its homeland, myths and all. Comparisons have to immediately be drawn with concepts such as alcheringa, the "eternal" or "uncreated" time in the spiritual traditions of the indigenous Australians popularly known as "The Dreaming" or "Dreamtime". According to the stories of the eternal time, during the prehistory of Australia and of its indigenous cultures (which is not unconvincingly posited to be the same thing), great culture heroes travelled the land, which is amorphous and without form in this time. As they did so, they shaped the land and created sacred places, and the energy signatures they left in their wake during their journeys became trails called yiri, or "songlines", which could be interacted with by singing a series of songs on the proper sequence. The act of belief and folk tradition itself shapes the place energy of the land and its inhabitants. This is very similar to what we see the D'Arsay archive do to the Enterprise in "Masks", as it physically reconstructs the layout and environment of the ship piece by piece. And honestly, it's tough to argue this isn't a massive asset to the Enterprise, which now has an imaginative and provocative sense of scale and diversity Star Trek: The Next Generation hasn't always been able to convey.
And yet there's a danger here. Although the way it happens is a bit unconventional as the crew accidentally awakens a singular and unique culture and set of beliefs long dead as opposed to forcibly imposing one on another, we're still witnessing one belief system threatening to engulf and extinguish another. Assimilate it, if you will. Wars of psychogeography are sadly far from uncommon in the history of the world, conquerers and occupiers from the dawn of war using the interplay between land, culture and spirituality to accrue power and stamp out indigenous societies and traditions all over the planet. Native gods don't always get along with the gods of foreigners, even they're brought over by immigrants as opposed to colonists. And this is what the central conflict of "Masks" really is: The gods of place of the Enterprise, which our crew are very much assuming the roles of, and those of D'Arsay clashing over who will be allowed to preside over this space.
And absolute credit to the Enterprise crew, who resolve the situation peacefully and idealistically: Instead of blasting the fuck out of the archive, which was an option at one point, Captain Picard (who is, of course, an archaeologist) is able to communicate with the D'Arsay collective unconscious by taking the time to learn their stories and beliefs and taking up the mantle of one of their own without appropriating it for himself. In this he's also aided by Deanna Troi (who is, of course, an anthropologist, another of her masks), and Geordi the storyteller. Every person who plays a major role in the reenactment and recreation of the D'Arsay psychogeographical landscape is an actor, storyteller or artist on multiple diegetic and extradiegetic levels. So it's only natural that they of all people would be sensitive to the delicate intricacies of this situation, for artists are the modern shamans.
The D'Arsay landscape of myth itself is also interesting to study, as so much of it literally revolves around the figure of Masaka the Sun Goddess. Solar goddesses, particular solar goddesses who are also powerful ruling queens in their own right, as Masaka apparently is, are actually quite rare in studies of comparative mythology (at least in the popular understandings therein). Those who we do see are almost always hypothesized to be relics of extremely old belief systems, by which I mean stone age old. Historical details on them are by definition scant, but what we can piece together seems to indicate that they were strongly venerated and deeply beloved for their power and the care with which they oversaw their people. So at first glance it did strike me as concerning that Masaka seems portrayed as a figure of fear and scorn by so many of her people, and I wasn't entirely sure how I should read that. There's the obvious interpretation, of course, which I hoped to avoid. I also thought that the planet where the D'Arsay culture originated might have orbited very close to their sun, or perhaps their sun went supernova, which might explain the seemingly malevolent depiction of Masaka.
However then it occurred to me that the answer lies in the episode itself. We're witnessing the gestalt of an entire civilization and the history and evolution of its mythology from beginning to end: Gods and heroes are reinterpreted all the time by different storytellers, just as an episode of a TV series can be interpreted different was by different people who watch it. The act of reading generates meaning, and for gods and heroes this shapes their identities, attestations and spheres of influence too. So perhaps Masaka was once a benevolent figure, or at least one capable of both benevolence and malevolence (the sun gives life through its warmth, but can also scorch and dehydrate the earth during a drought), and she became reinterpreted in a more negative light once, let's say, the sun went supernova or there was some other environmental catastrophe that befell the D'Arsay. Or maybe we're just seeing the different viewpoints and interpretations a cross-section of D'Arsay society viewed her from. Either way, that plurality of meaning and identity is captured in both Data's channeling of her as well as Captain Picard's rapport with her as he takes on the role of lunar god Korgano: These are clearly fierce and powerful gods, but the way we view them is incumbent on the eyes we look through ourselves.
Our gods can appear to us in many guises.
TNG Season 7,
← Tricky Dicky, Part 6: Dress Modern
Mind That Until Now Thought of Continuity, Our Torch, Then Saw It Flicker (The Last War in Albion Book Two Part Thirty-One: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell) →
As HP Lovecraft once paraphrased, "They're terribly comfortable, I imagine everyone in the future will be wearing them."
Froborr 4 years, 9 months ago
I love this episode, and you have done an excellent job of summarizing why. (Also: holy shit what an acting showcase for Spiner--SFDebris has pointed out that this was filmed immediately after "Thine Own Self," which must have been EXHAUSTING for Spiner.)
Gods and heroes are loaclized
Josh Marsfelder 4 years, 9 months ago
In my defense, this was written and 5 in the morning on a schedule of extremely little and erratic sleep in the middle of doing a bunch of other things.
Ross 4 years, 9 months ago
I remember being really interested in this episode from its trailer, but upon the actual watching of it, I was a little underwhelmed. Particularly, it seemed sort of blah that at the end, Picard's just like, "Oh, hey, I know alien mythologies, which are pretty much interchangeable. I bet I can just wing this," and it works.
Also, I thought the Bernice Summerfield Adventures version of the premise was really, really funny.
I completely thought it was an intentional reference to the Loa!
"Folk tradition dictates that gods can take mortal form through ritualized performativity, and its through those same traditions that the D'Arsay in a real sense get to live again. Gods and heroes are localized to the people, places and traditions who honour them, so in many ways you could argue one of the best way to get to know a people is through their stories."
I feel like Froborr above, you did a brilliant job of touching on why I think this was a great episode. 'Ritualized performativity' is exactly what I think Star Trek is when it's working best - thinking all the way back to including Kirk, etc here, as TV is kind of a ritual which has it's own set of formalised ritual practices that need to be followed, and it happens with a regularity that has seasons, and within 'another world' from the viewer.
And as far as the idea of canon within Trek and other similar properties goes, well I think even though some parts of fandom want it to exist, it doesn't, as such powerful mask work does indeed bring the deities to life, and you just have to look at such works as the Mabinogion to see that they resist any classification of fixed interpretation. So yes I really agree that the Goddesses and Gods are continuously renewed within story, as well as all of the localised variations.
Mask work and the themes connected to are some of my deep passions within performance and storytelling. Love this episode so much.


It was sad to hear yesterday's news of the passing of Michael Foot, one of the countries last true socialists. Michael Foot was a conviction politician that rather unfairly took a lot of stick from the gutter press when he was leader of the Labour Party. I think he was ridiculed by certain papers because of is great intellect, something your average gutter hack isn't capable of.
A tribute from Tony Benn, the last true socialist.


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The Australian Boat Register (ABR) is available below.
The ABR is compiled to the best of our knowledge and we welcome input to improve/keep this list up to date. Even if you have a Flying Fifteen just as a fun boat/mooring minder or whatever, we would like to put it on our list.
Many members have contributed to the compilation of the list and we thank you for your input.
Approximately 700 Flying Fifteens have been registered in Australia since "Tally" Hobbs built Serena in 1950, almost 4100 have been registered world wide.
Boat numbers are now allocated on a world wide basis although in the early years countries were issued "blocks" of numbers. Now they are issued individually immediately prior to the commencement of of construction.
The successes recorded relate to the season the event was sailed and in most instances refer to the later of the two years the season spans. Queensland holds its State Championship in the first part of the season and is an exception to the "rule".
To adapt to viewing on Mobile Phones the Boat Register has been split into blocks of 5 x 1000 sail numbers, click on the link below to get appropriate listing:
Sail Numbers 1 – 1000
Sail Numbers 1001 – 2000
Sail Numbers 4001 –

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


for your Festive Thanksgiving Table!
Reproduced from an original American design, this brightly-hued, sturdy cardstock turkey is printed on both sides in bright, autumnal colors. Made with a fold-open, honeycomb art tissue body, the centerpiece turkey is 12" high with a flamboyant fan of multi-color honeycomb "tail feathers" that are 13" across.


"Deborah Stone keeps an eye out for Ratty, Mole, Mr Toad et al on a journey along the River Thames.
"Poop-poop," I felt like shoting as we set sail down the River Thames, yards from Mapledurham House, the country pile that many believe Kenneth Grahame used as a model for Toad Hall in The Wind in the Willows.
Like Toad, I was setting out on an adventure, in my case sailing down Britain's most written-about river in a cosy Dutch barge, African Queen. I was looking forward to passing any number of river folk – even moles and water rats – and pleased to be following in the wake of Jerome K Jerome's Three Men ina Boat. First, however, to celebrate the start of out five-day cruise, we enjoyed afternoon tea on deck in the sunshine.
The British appetite for river cruises is growing so rapidly that as well as searching out new itineraries and uncharted territory abroard, we are also looking to our own waterways.
If you would like to book a serene voyage along the Thames visit www.saga.co.uk/thames for more details or call 0800 056 6071 quoting AQRC2.


Dynamic and fast growing technology company in the mobile space is looking for a Test Engineer to join it's growing team.
The successful candidate will be responsible for creating and deploying automated tests and software.
This is a great opportunity to work on some innovative projects in a fast growing company.


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Q: WPF Creating a template and binding to an object inside a property of a list item My datastructure looks like this:
public class MyDataContext
{
    public ObservableCollection<Car> CarList {set; get;}
}

public class Car
{
    public Driver CarDriver {set; get;} // implements INotifyPropertyChanged (not shown here to keep it short)
    public string Color {set; get;} // implements INotifyPropertyChanged (not shown here to keep it short)
    public string Brand {set; get;} // implements INotifyPropertyChanged (not shown here to keep it short)
}

public class Driver
{
    public string Name {set; get;}
    public string Nationality {set; get;}
}

I'm binding CarList to a ListView in my XAML and I would like to create DataTemplates for both Car and Driver. My UserControl looks like this:
<UserControl.Resources>
    <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Car}>
        <StackPanel>
            <UserControl DataContext="{Binding CarDriver}"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Color}"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Brand}"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </DataTemplate>
    <DataDataTemplate DataType="{x:Type local:Driver}>
        <StackPanel>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Nationality}"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </DataTemplate>
</UserControl.Resources>
<ListView ItemsSource="{Binding CarList}"/>

The problem is that the ListView doesn't show the information of the CarDriver. I suspect my line
<UserControl DataContext="{Binding CarDriver}"/>

is incorrect, but I'm not sure what to put in instead...?

A: You should put a ContentControl like this:
<ContentControl Content="{Binding CarDriver}">

and all will work fine. if not - try to put DataTemplate for Driver above the DataTemplate for Car

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: CS:GO Won't load on Ubuntu 16.04 I recently got Ubuntu 16.04 alongside my Windows 10 installation. I got steam since I mostly use my computer to play games. I downloaded CS:GO and clicked play. First weird thing I noticed. It didn't say "Launching Counter Strike Global Offensive" and it didn't pop up in the dash. On my steam library it said Counter Strike Global Offensive - Running. Everything was still fine on Ubuntu besides the fact that CSGO wont start. Help would be appreciated
Here is what the terminal says when i run CSGO with it:
Generating new string page texture 155: 128x256, total string texture memory is 2.67 MB
Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1468023329)
Game update: AppID 730 "Counter-Strike: Global Offensive", ProcID 5470, IP 0.0.0.0:0
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/dylan/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/dylan/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
pid 5473 != 5472, skipping destruction (fork without exec?)
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/dylan/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/dylan/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
libGL error: unable to load driver: r600_dri.so
libGL error: driver pointer missing
libGL error: failed to load driver: r600


SABR member Bruce Brown forwards this MiLB "Moniker Madness" bracket, where you can vote for the "best" names in Minor League Baseball this season.
Doug Wayne Gwosdz was a career backup catcher for the San Diego Padres, batting a putrid .144/.244/.202 (for those of you not familiar with "slash stats", this refers to batting average / on-base percentage / slugging percentage) from 1981 through 1984. He possesses an unremarkable first name (I can find no record of his first name being anything other than Doug. You didn't even think to name him "Douglas", Mrs. Gwosdz?). He also has a non-descript middle name. These however are overcompensated by his "consonant jambalaya" of a last name.
Gwosdz appears to be a variant of the "rare to begin with" surname of Gwozdz, and gwozdz would seem to be the Polish word for "nail" (which seems to be a good sign if you aspire to be a major league catcher).
Approximately 17,000 different players have suited up for a Major League Baseball game. Of those 17,000, about 4,300 of these players had last names of exactly six letters. Of those 4,300, a mere 330 or so had but ONE vowel in their name.¹ So what Doug lacked in on-field performance, he made up for in alphabetic rarity.


MDR Fabric Shield, 24 oz.
TH Marine Wave Away Sonar/GPS Screen Cleaner, 1.5 oz.
TH Marine Wave Away Sonar/GPS Screen Cleaner, 2.7 oz.
Starbrite Teak Sealer – Clear Formula, Gal.
Starbrite Teak Sealer – Clear Formula, 32 oz.
Starbrite One Step Teak Cleaner & Brightener, 32 oz.
Mildew Stain Remover 32 oz.
Goof Off® Pro Strength Remover, 6 oz.
Ultimate Gel Formula Fiberglass Stain Remover, 16 oz.
New Gel formula sticks where applied for maximum cling time and cleaning power.


Mainly D7 (Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions). JRAP#4 will allow for the continuous monitoring of hydrographic conditions. This will permit to assess if any alteration of the hydrographical conditions (e.g. due to climate change) is affecting the ecosystem.
D10 (Properties and quantities of marine litter): Marine litter is advected or drifted by marine currents. JRAP#4 will provide information about hydrodynamics and derived transport to infer the spatial distribution (e.g. convergence areas and coastal arrivals) of this not-desirable material.
D2 (Non-indigenous species introduced by human activities): Ocean changes (e.g. ocean warming) induced by the climate change (partly induced by human activities) could be the reason of the arrival of non-indigenous species (including gelatinous organisms such as the Portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis), which have low swimming abilities and whose spatial distribution is thus also highly depending on hydrodynamics JRAP#4 will also provide inputs for other JRAPs, which will be focused on other descriptors/ this is especially the case of JRAP#1, which is dealing with pelagic biodiversity and will require information about hydrographical and hydrodynamical conditions and spatiotemporal changes.
Coastal profilers with MASTODON moorings (thermistors), Gliders, offshore buoys, HF radars, gliders and underwater imaging systems (ecosystem monitoring).
The scientific strategy outlined in the task 1.1 (WP1) about the trans-boundary hydrography and transport topic will constitute the framework for JRAP#4. Results of task 2.3 (WP2) about harmonization and best practices for new systems (e.g. HFR), as well as developments on pelagic biodiversity (task 3.1: e.g. Underwater imaging systems), currents (task 3.2: e.g. HFR) and coastal profilers observations (task 3.3: e.g. MASTODOM) and finally the methodologies of sampling strategy improvement (task 3.7: 4D data assimilation-HFR observation design) will be applied. JRAP# 4 is organized in 3 stages listed hereafter.
JRAP#4.1 (M1-M9): Preparation stage to implement JRAP#4 according to the strategy agreed with WP1 after WP3 study of the methodology.
JRAP#4.2 (M10-M23): On site implementation with deployment and recovery of complementary moorings (upgraded MASTODON, link with task 3.3), HF radar new antenna (link with task 3.2) and drifters. The new complementary data will be used to track high frequency variability of hydrology (below around 10 m depth) over the transboundary shelf/slope areas. The collection of jellyfish and marine litter data of surface transport for the study period and data processing according to the interoperability guidelines and QC standards developed in WP5.
JRAP#4.3 (M24-M36): Joint data analysis over the 3 study areas and transfer to virtual access service (WP6), results synthesis and publication to WP8: Individual platform data analysis; links between platforms; links between eulerian and lagrangian information; links between surface and water column data; validation with indicators; computing of the transport.
JRAP#4 results will return to task 1.6, and will provide information about gaps, overlaps and, in general, any improvement that should lead to recommendation of improved network of coastal observatories. Data at different processing levels will be available for the scientific community and stakeholders, taking into account both WP5 and main European channels (EMODnet and EuroGOOS, Copernicus, Coriolis, Seadatanet) requirements. Results will be presented in symposia, JERICO-NEXT website and websites belonging to the involved institutions and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. They will contribute to the ocean literacy H2020 program.


We got our hands on a new Mac Pro to make sure that Winclone and Bootcamp all work as expected. We ordered it the day it was released, but didn't receive it until 2 months later. We didn't have any reports of issues with the new Mac Pro, but we were still interested in seeing how it all worked.
No surprises there. Onwards to the next screen.
Only Windows 8 or later! That is new and interesting!
Reboot, and it worked great.
So no big surprises except for the Windows 8 and later requirement.


text:
ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
Lilloa 22: 393 (1949)

#### Original name
Claudopus eucalypti Torrend

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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In the rare event that a card receives a double charge for an item please contact support and they will issue a refund for it immediately. Support is best reached at support@gearbubble.com.
We accidentally ordered the wrong size, how can we change it?
If the item hasn't been made yet, we can change the size of it still for you. If it's already on the way to you, then it's a bit tough because it's already been made. Please contact support and they will get the size changed for you, most people notice it right after they order and we can get it switched for them pretty easily. Sen us an email and we'll let you know.
The mug I received was broken, how can I get a new one?
Unfortunately, from time to time, mugs do get broken in transit. They are ceramic and if someone doesn't take good care of the package it can be broken. We have no problem sending you out one as a replacement if this happens. Please just send us a photo with the broken mug and your order details to support@gearbubble.com and we'll get you a new one out!
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No. GearBubble is 100% free to use. All you have to do is upload a design, and in some instances you can even co-create one with our designer.
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We fulfill many items and are actively adding more. We're currently printing custom phone cases, mugs, t-shirts, sweatshirts, and hoodies.
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Depending on a few factors, you will be paid in up to 14 business days, and most times, much sooner.
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Who handles customer service for people after people buy my gear?
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text:
(ISC)² Recruits 110,000 People Interested in a Cybersecurity Career in Three Months
Rapid adoption showcases increased interest in cyber education and training for individuals looking to enter the field while helping decrease the workforce gap.
ALEXANDRIA, Va., Dec. 8, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — (ISC)² – the world's largest nonprofit association of certified cybersecurity professionals – today announced it has registered more than 110,000 (ISC)² Candidates to help address the global cybersecurity workforce gap of 3.4 million professionals. The recruitment milestone comes within three months of launching (ISC)² Candidates, to help individuals pursue or consider a career in cybersecurity.
(ISC)² Candidates provide those pursuing or building a cybersecurity career with exclusive offerings, including discounts on (ISC)² certification education courses, study materials and events. The initiative encourages Candidates to work toward earning an (ISC)² certification such as the (ISC)² CISSP® or (ISC)² Certified in CybersecuritySM entry-level certification.
"The early success of (ISC)² Candidates underscores the strong global interest in cybersecurity careers and how programs aimed at educating the next generation of professionals can effectively help address the global workforce gap," said Clar Rosso, CEO, (ISC)². "The strong adoption of (ISC)² Candidates demonstrates there is no shortage of interest in joining the profession; the challenge is creating new entry points that remove barriers and embrace the diverse skillsets, experiences and aptitudes necessary for a successful career. (ISC)² is preparing these individuals by providing a new cybersecurity career pathway through (ISC)² Candidates."
The 2022 (ISC)² Cybersecurity Workforce Study reveals there is no single pathway into cybersecurity. The data shows a shift in how people are entering the field, with nearly half of respondents under the age of 30 moving into cybersecurity from a career outside IT. The change highlights the importance of (ISC)² Candidates, as it provides a way for individuals to enter the field through non-traditional methods.
Free Certification Exams and Training for 1 Million
(ISC)² also has launched One Million Certified in Cybersecurity. This initiative pledges to provide free, entry-level cybersecurity certification exams and self-paced educational program courses to one million new professionals starting a career in cybersecurity. More than 98,350 people have enrolled for a free Certified in Cybersecurity course and exam in the last three months.
To learn more, visit www.isc2.org/candidate.
(ISC)² is an international nonprofit membership association focused on inspiring a safe and secure cyber world. Best known for the acclaimed Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP®) certification, (ISC)² offers a portfolio of credentials that are part of a holistic, pragmatic approach to security. Our association of candidates, associates, and members, nearly 280,000 strong, is made up of certified cyber, information, software, and infrastructure security professionals who are making a difference and helping to advance the industry. Our vision is supported by our commitment to educate and reach the general public through our charitable foundation – The Center for Cyber Safety and Education™. For more information on (ISC)², visit www.isc2.org, follow us on Twitter, or connect with us on Facebook and LinkedIn.
Zero Trust and the Power of Isolation for Threat Prevention
Intel 471 Breach Report


text:
Aldine ISD honored on floor of Texas Senate
AUSTIN– Aldine ISD was recognized by the Texas Senate for its outstanding work in educating students in the school district.
Superintendent Nadine Kujawa traveled to Austin on Tuesday, May 27, to accept the resolution, which was read on the Senate floor, lauding the school district for the numerous accomplishments the district has reached in academic achievement among its students. The resolution was introduced by Senator Mario Gallegos and signed by Lt. Governor David Dewhurst.
The resolution singled out a number of achievements reached by the district over the last few years. Those achievements were:
•Aldine ISD's ranking among high-performing school districts since 1996;
•The district earning a Recognized rating from the Texas Education Agency for six consecutive years;
•The district being ranked No. 1 in the state among large school districts for educating Latino students and No. 2 in the state (among large school districts) for educating African-American students;
•Twenty schools in the district named high performing schools by the Just For The Kids Foundation for sustaining high academic performance in 2000, 2001 and 2002 in various academic categories;
•The district being named a "best practices district" by the Just For the Kids Foundation, along with the National Center for Educational Accountability; and The Aldine ISD Board of Education chosen as the Outstanding School Board of Texas in 1998 by the Texas Association of School Administrators (TASA), the Standards of Excellence Award and National Outstanding Marketing Award for its Child Nutrition Department, receiving the National Encore Award from USA Weekend for three consecutive years and its elementary schools being ranked among the best in Texas by Texas Monthly.
The resolution also paid tribute to Aldine ISD for its dedication to the education of young people in Aldine and congratulated its schools for their exceptional accomplishments.
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BAVARIA. The duchy of Bavaria, which became a prince-electorate in 1623, was one of the larger and more important territories of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1801 it covered about 590 square miles and had about 880,000 inhabitants. Unlike other territories, Bavaria was a nation rather than merely a random territorial unit. The Bavarian people had emerged in a process of ethnogenesis during the reign of the Ostrogoth king Theodoric the Great (c. 453–526; ruled 474/493–526) in the former Roman province of Noricum. From 1180 until it became a republic in 1918, it was ruled by the local Wittelsbach dynasty. After a period of dynastic divisions and succession wars following the reign of the Holy Roman emperor Louis IV "the Bavarian" (ruled 1314–1347), Bavaria became and remained unified at the beginning of the early modern period. This was a result of the law of primogeniture, which was introduced by Duke Albert IV "the Wise" (ruled 1465–1508) in 1506, accepted by the Bavarian Estates, and enshrined in the constitution (Landesordnung) of 1516. The Bavarian parliament (Landschaft) consisted of prelates, the nobility, and the towns. During the minority rule of William IV (ruled 1508–1550) the Estates in fact governed the country for several years, and afterwards they retained the right of taxation and the administration of finances. However, during the reign of Albert V (1550–1579) the relationship between the Estates and the ruler deteriorated because the higher nobility and parts of the citizenry of major towns like Munich adopted Protestantism and urged the duke to follow their example. However, this was a hopeless idea, since Duke Albert actually became a leader of the Catholic cause during the Council of Trent. When the Estates tried to use tax grants as a weapon in their struggle for religious liberation, it came to a showdown. The duke raided the castles of the most prominent Protestant nobles, Ladislaus von Fraunberg (1505–1566), Pankraz von Freyberg (1508–1565), Wolfdietrich von Maxlrain (1523–1586), and Count Joachim von Ortenburg (1530–1600). Their excellent contacts with Protestant nobles and princes in other parts of the empire, and throughout Europe, were labeled a conspiracy, and political Protestantism in the country was crushed in 1564. According to the Religious Peace of Augsburg of 1555, Protestants were forced to either reconvert or emigrate, and the emigration of Protestant burghers damaged the urban economy substantially.
By assuming leadership of the Counter-Reformation, the Bavarian dukes rose to European importance. In a deliberate program of reeducation, with the University of Ingolstadt as the headquarters of Jesuit influence and with a number of Jesuit high schools, Bavaria managed to shape the ideas of future Catholic elites. Commissioned by the dukes, Jesuits like Petrus Canisius, Gregory of Valencia, and Jacob Gretser molded the religious ideas of the next two generations of Catholic political leaders, including Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III, and the generation of the Catholic League and of religious warfare in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). In 1568 Duke Albert forged an alliance with the house of Lorraine, the political leaders of the French Catholic League. Duke William V "the Pious" (ruled 1579–1597) and his wife Renata of Lorraine led the life of saints and brutally suppressed heresy and witchcraft. They also introduced new and highly popular forms of piety: new forms of prayer, of spirituality, and of religious practices like weekly processions; pilgrimages to Bavarian national shrines such as Mother Mary of Altötting; annual Corpus Christi processions in the capital; and monumental mystery plays. There were new religious brotherhoods such as the Marian Congregation and new religious orders like the female Jesuits of Mary Ward (1585–1645), an English emigrant from Yorkshire who was protected by the Bavarian dynasty even after formal recognition by the Jesuits and the pope had been denied her. Mother Mary was chosen the patroness of Bavaria, with widespread veneration, and Marian columns erected at the central places of all market towns. In 1583 the Bavarian rulers intervened in their first international conflict, sending an army to northwestern Germany to depose the archbishop of Cologne, prince-elector Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg (ruled 1577–1583), who had converted to Protestantism. The Cologne War secured Catholic domination in the Holy Roman Empire since the Catholic votes (Mainz, Cologne, Trier, and Bohemia) outweighed the Protestant ones (Saxony, Brandenburg, and the Palatinate). Furthermore, it secured the prince-electorate of Cologne for the Bavarian Wittelsbachs (1583–1761), who managed to control a complex of ecclesiastical lands in the north (Cologne, Münster, Hildesheim, Paderborn, Lüttich/Lièges, and the imperial abbacies of Stavelot and Malmédy) well into the mid-eighteenth century.
Bavaria's influence on an international level culminated under the powerful rule of Duke Maximilian I (ruled 1597–1651). Educated by leading Jesuits, married first to a Lorraine princess, and then to a Habsburg princess, he soon gained confidence, and assumed political leadership at the age of twenty-one. When he replaced his father, whose religious zeal had led the state close to bankruptcy, he had already gained the support of the Estates, the councillors, and the Catholic intellectuals. Within a few years of tight personal rule, advised by a group of most able councillors, Bavaria had an efficient government, an intact bureaucracy, healthy finances, and—despite accelerating Catholic reforms—a clearly defined supremacy of state interests, a dominance of the theory of reason of state. Based upon successful internal reforms, a firm Catholic ideology, and excellent political advisers, Maximilian gained the energy for his bold foreign policy. The weakness of Emperors Rudolf II (ruled 1576–1612) and Matthias (ruled 1612–1629) allowed Maximilian to usurp leadership of the Catholic party in the Holy Roman Empire and gather its forces in the Catholic League, using it as an instrument of Bavarian interests. From then Bavaria dominated Franconia and Eastern Swabia, both of which were annexed when the Holy Roman Empire eventually collapsed. Maximilian had already annexed the imperial city of Donauwörth in 1607 and the imperial lordship of Mindelheim in 1616. When the Bohemian Estates elected the Calvinist Elector Palatine Frederick V king of Bohemia in 1619, and Catholic preponderance in the Holy Roman Empire was once again endangered, Maximilian sent an army, defeating the Protestants in the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. Bohemia remained under Habsburg rule, but Bavarian armies occupied the Palatinate and annexed the Upper Palatinate. Maximilian gained the Palatine electoral vote for Bavaria, and the title of prince-elector for himself in 1623.
The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which had been triggered by Maximilian I of Bavaria, soon turned into Europe's first world war with the intervention of Spain, France, England, the Netherlands, the pope, and Sweden, but it was as much a catastrophe for Bavaria as for other parts of Central Europe. The country was sacked twice by Swedish troops, and yet "friendly" armies like the Spanish or the imperial armies had an equally devastating effect. Crop failure, famine, epidemics, and two waves of bubonic plague in 1634 and in 1646 probably caused a population loss of more than 50 percent. A peasant uprising in 1633 showed the level of suffering from the politically induced hardship. The prince-elector now became more cautious, and to the dismay of religious zealots like his Jesuit confessor Adam Contzen (1571–1635), Bavaria supported the Peace of Prague (1635), and invested a lot of energy in forging the Peace of Westphalia (1648), even against the advice of the papacy. Secular interests once more triumphed over religious zeal. In his political testament Bavaria's great prince-elector advised his son to keep the peace, to be a just and pious ruler, and to keep a close eye on finances (pecunia nervus rerum). Prince-elector Ferdinand Maria (ruled 1651–1679) supported baroque Catholic piety, but curbed Jesuit influence, and his wife Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (1635–1676) introduced members of the Italian Theatine order as court confessors. With a successful recovery from the Thirty Years' War, their son Maximilian II Emanuel (ruled 1679–1726) developed the ambition to extend Wittelsbach rule to Spain but was defeated in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), and Bavaria was occupied by Austrian troops. A national uprising was crushed on Christmas Eve of 1705, the Bavarian peasant army being butchered after their surrender near the village of Sendling, remembered as the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht (Sendling Christmas Massacre). Elector Charles Albert (ruled 1726–1745) was another overambitious ruler who managed to get himself elected emperor as Charles VII in 1742, despite strong opposition from the Habsburgs, who again occupied Bavaria.
His successor Maximilian III Joseph (ruled 1745–1777) gave up this sort of ambitious foreign policy in the Peace of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) in 1748, which ended the War of the Austrian Succession, and focused on domestic policy. As an enlightened absolutist monarch he managed to split the clergy and cut down clericalism, to reform education, law, and the sciences, and to introduce road construction and moor draining. Secular intellectuals were encouraged, the Bavarian Academy of Sciences was founded, and journalism and literature were sponsored. Quite deliberately this ruler avoided wars and focused on interior reforms, and his rule was remembered with joy by his subjects. Remaining childless, he was succeeded by one of the Palatine Wittelsbachs, Charles Theodore (ruled 1777–1799), another enlightened prince. His autocratic attitudes made him less appreciated by his subjects, although he opened the "English Garden" in Munich to the public. He was also childless, and his successor Maximilian IV Joseph (ruled 1799–1825), from the Wittelsbach line Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, became the founder of modern Bavaria. Like Maximilian I he had excellent councillors at his command, in particular Maximilian, count of Montgelas (1759–1838), a former member of the Illuminati, a kind of elitist Freemason secret society that had been suppressed by Charles Theodore. In order to escape this repression, Montgelas had emigrated to Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, only to return as a prime minister. Still a radical reformer, Montgelas secularized the monasteries and reformed education (creating obligatory state schools) and law (abolishing torture). Maximilian and Montgelas forged a coalition with France and modeled the Bavarian administration after the French pattern as a centralized state, ruthlessly integrating all the newly acquired territories in Franconia and Swabia, several principalities and prince-bishoprics, and scores of counties, imperial cities, imperial abbacies, and lordships, assembling the Bavarian state in its present shape, and raising its status to a kingdom after the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
See also Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–1748) ; Holy Roman Empire ; Munich ; Spanish Succession, War of the (1701–1714) ; Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) ; Westphalia, Peace of (1648) ; Wittelsbach Dynasty (Bavaria) .
Behringer, Wolfgang. Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, U.K., and New York, 1997.
Prinz, Friedrich. Die Geschichte Bayerns. Munich, 1997.
Riezler, Sigmund. Geschichte Baierns. 8 vols. Munich, 1878–1914.
Spindler, Max, ed. Handbuch der bayerischen Geschichte. 4 vols. Munich, 1967–.
Wolfgang Behringer
Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World BEHRINGER, WOLFGANG
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BAVARIA , Land in S. Germany, including Franconia. Jews are first mentioned there in the *Passau toll regulations of 906. Their settlement was apparently connected with the trade routes to Hungary, southern Russia and northeastern Germany. A Jewish resident of *Regensburg is mentioned at the end of the tenth century. The communities which had been established in *Bamberg and Regensburg were attacked during the First Crusade in 1096, and those in *Aschaffenburg, *Wuerzburg, and *Nuremberg during the Second Crusade in 1146–47. Other communities existed in the 13th century at Landshut, Passau, *Munich, and *Fuerth. The Jews in Bavaria mainly engaged in trade and moneylending. In 1276 they were expelled from Upper Bavaria and 180 Jews were burned at the stake in Munich following a *blood libel in 1285. The communities in Franconia were attacked during the *Rindfleisch persecutions in 1298. The *Armleder massacres, charges of desecrating the *Host at *Deggendorf, Straubing, and Landshut, and the persecutions following the *Black Death (1348–49), brought catastrophe to the whole of Bavarian Jewry. Many communities were entirely destroyed, among them *Ansbach, Aschaffenburg, *Augsburg, Bamberg, *Ulm, Munich, Nuremberg, Passau, Regensburg, *Rothenburg, and Wuerzburg. Those who had fled were permitted to return after a time under King Wenceslaus.
In 1442 the Jews were again expelled from Upper Bavaria. Shortly afterward, in 1450, the Jews in Lower Bavaria were flung into prison until they paid the duke a ransom of 32,000 crowns and were then driven from the duchy. As a result of agitation by the Franciscan John of *Capistrano, they were expelled from Franconia. In 1478 they were expelled from Passau, in 1499 from Nuremberg, and in 1519 from Regensburg. The few remaining thereafter in the duchy of Bavaria were expelled in 1551. Subsequently, Jewish settlement in Bavaria ceased until toward the end of the 17th century, when a small community was founded in *Sulzbach by refugees from *Vienna. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) several Jews from Austria serving as purveyors to the army or as moneylenders settled in Bavaria. In this period a flourishing community grew up in Fuerth, whose economic activities helped to bring prosperity to the city. After the war the Jews of Austrian origin were expelled from Bavaria, but some were able to acquire the right to reside in Munich as monopoly holders, *Court Jews, mintmasters, and physicians. Several Court Jews belonging to the Frankel and *Model families
became prominent in Ansbach and Fuerth for a while in the 18th century, particularly because of their services in managing the state's economy.
In the Napoleonic era Jewish children were permitted to attend the general schools (1804), the men were accepted into the militia (1805), the poll tax was abolished (1808), and Jews were granted the status of citizens (1813). However, at the same time their number and rights of residence were still restricted, and only the eldest son in a family was allowed to marry (see *Familiants Laws). In 1819 anti-Jewish disorders broke out in Franconia (the "*Hep! Hep!" riots). Owing to the continued adverse conditions and the restrictions on families a large number of young Bavarian Jews immigrated to the U.S. A second wave of emigrants left for the U.S. after the 1848 Revolution, which had been accompanied by anti-Jewish riots notably in rural Franconia. In 1861 the discriminatory restrictions concerning Jews were abolished, and Jews were permitted to engage in all occupations. However, complete equality was not granted until 1872 by the provisions of the constitution of the German Reich of 1871. Certain special "Jewish taxes" were abolished only in 1880. The chief occupation of Jews in 19th century rural Bavaria was the livestock trade, largely in Jewish hands (see *Agriculture). By the beginning of the 20th century Jews had considerable holdings in department stores and in a few branches of industry.
A number of Jews were active after World War i in the revolutionary government of Bavaria which was headed by a Jew, Kurt *Eisner, who was prime minister before his assassination in 1919. Another Jew, Gustav *Landauer, who became minister of popular instruction, was also assassinated that year. In the reaction which followed World War i there was a new wave of antisemitism, and in 1923 most of the East European Jews resident in Bavaria were expelled. This was the time when the National Socialist Movement made its appearance in the region, and antisemitic agitation increased. Jewish ritual slaughter was prohibited in Bavaria in 1931.
The size of the Jewish population in Bavaria varied relatively little from the Napoleonic era to 1933, numbering 53,208 in 1818 and 41,939 in 1933. A Bavarian Jewish organization, the Verband bayerischer israelitischer Gemeinden, was set up in 1921 and included 273 communities and 21 rabbinical institutions. In 1933 the largest and most important communities in Bavaria were in Munich (which had a Jewish population of 9,000), Nuremberg (7,500), Wuerzburg (2,150), Augsburg (1,100), Fuerth (2,000), and Regensburg (450). At this time the majority of Bavarian Jews were engaged in trade and transport (54.5%) and in industry (19%), but some also in agriculture (2.7% in 1925 compared with 9.7% in 1882). Over 1,000 Jews studied at the University of Bavaria after World War i, a proportion ten times higher than that of the Jews to the general population.
Regensburg was a center of Jewish scholarship from the 12th century. Regensburg was the cradle of the medieval Ashkenazi *Ḥasidism and in the 12th and 13th centuries the main center of this school. The traveler *Pethahiah b. Jacob set out from there in about 1170. Prominent scholars of Bavaria include *Meir b. Baruch of Rothenburg (the leading authority of Ashkenazi Jewry, 13th century); Jacob *Weil (taught at Nuremberg and Augsburg, beginning of the 15th century); Israel *Bruna (settled in Regensburg, mid-15th century); Moses *Mintz (rabbi of Bamberg, 1469–1474); and the Renaissance grammarian Elijah *Levita (a native of Neustadt). In the 19th/20th centuries there lived in Munich the folklorist and philologist Max M. *Gruenbaum;Raphael Nathan Nata *Rabinovicz, author of Dikdukei Soferim; and Joseph *Perles, rabbi of Augsburg, 1875–1910.
The Jews in Bavaria were among the first victims of the Nazi movement, which spread from Munich and Nuremberg. Virulent and widespread antisemitic agitation caused the de-population of scores of the village communities so characteristic of Bavaria, especially after the *Kristallnacht in 1938. The first concentration camp was established at *Dachau in Bavaria and many Jews from Germany and other countries in Europe perished there.
After World War ii thousands of Jews were assembled in displaced persons' camps in Bavaria; the last one to be closed down was in Foehrenwald. Almost all of the 1,000 Bavarian Jews who survived the Holocaust were saved because they were married to Germans or were born of mixed marriages. A year after the end of hostilities a Nazi underground movement remained active in Bavaria, and the neo-Nazi anti-Jewish demonstrations of June 1965 started in Bamberg. Antisemitic sentiment was also aroused when the minister of Jewish affairs, Philip Auerbach, was prosecuted for misappropriation of funds in 1951.
In 1969 there were in Bavaria about 4,700 Jews, forming 13 communities, the majority from the camps of Eastern Europe. The largest communities were in Munich (3,486), Nuremberg (275), Wuerzburg (141), Fuerth (200), Augsberg (230), and Regensburg (150). There were smaller numbers of Jews in *Amberg, Bamberg, *Bayreuth, Straubing, and Weiden. In 1989 there were 5,484 community members. Due mainly to the emigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union, the number rose to 18,387 in 2003, the largest communites being those in Munich (8,917), Straubing (1,713), Augsburg (1,619), Nuremberg (1,286), and Wuerzburg (1,027).
S. Taussig, Geschichte der Juden in Bayern (1874); Germ Jud, 1 (1963), 22–24; 2 (1968), 57–60; S. Schwarz, Juden in Bayern im Wandel der Zeiten (1963); R. Strauss, Regensburg and Augsburg (1939); H.B. Ehrmann, Struggle for Civil and Religious Emancipation in Bavaria in the First Half of the 19thCentury (1948), 199; H.C. Vedeler, in: Journal of Modern History, 10 (1938), 473–95; P. Wiener-Odenheimer, Die Berufe der Juden in Bayern (1918), 131. add. bibliography: pk Bavaria; B.Z. Ophir (ed.), Die juedischen Gemeinden in Bayern 1918–1945 (1979); J.F. Harris, The People Speak (1994); R. Kiessling (ed.), Judengemeinden in Schwaben … (1995); G. Och (ed.), Juedisches Leben in Franken (2002).
[Zvi Avneri]
Encyclopaedia Judaica Avneri, Zvi
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The duchy* of Bavaria, a territory in the southeastern part of the Holy Roman Empire*, was ruled by the Wittelsbach family from 1180 until the early 1900s. However, by the early 1400s Bavaria had been divided into four separate duchies, ruled by different members of the family. The Wittelsbach dukes battled for control of the duchies, and in 1504 their struggle led to war. Duke Albrecht IV of Bavaria-Munich emerged the victor and united all the duchies under his rule. From then on, leadership of the duchy passed to the oldest living male heir.
During the 1400s, the dukes shared their power with nobles and high church officials. In the 1500s they expanded their power, taking greater control over legal matters and the church. They also set up councils to oversee finances, military matters, and church affairs. Duke Maximilian I, who became ruler in 1597, increased his power further. He raised taxes and made military decisions without consulting minor nobles and lesser officials. Under his rule, Bavaria became one of the earliest absolutist* states in Europe.
Bavaria's economy at this time was almost entirely based on agriculture. Four of every five Bavarians were peasants who lived in small villages and produced crops for their own use and for local markets. Bavaria also had a small textile industry based in the city of Munich, its largest city. In 1500 Munich had a population of about 12,000.
In the 1550s Protestant nobles asked Duke Albrecht V for the right to practice their religion in Catholic Bavaria. At first, the duke agreed. However, when he learned that Protestants were plotting against him, he took back many of their privileges. By the 1580s Bavaria was once again a solidly Catholic state, and during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) it supported the Catholic powers. However, invading Swedish and French troops devastated Bavaria during the war, and the Wittelsbach dukes lost most of their territory.
Bavaria was a cultural center during the 1400s and 1500s. Its University of Ingolstadt, founded in 1472, was home to several noted scholars. By the 1490s many humanists* had gathered in Bavaria. The duchy's churches and other religious institutions supported many painters and sculptors. After the unification of Bavaria, its dukes became major patrons* of the arts. Many Italian artists and sculptors arrived to work on new museums and churches, such as the Michaelkirche in Munich. However, the Thirty Years' War brought an end to this golden age of Bavarian art.
(See alsoArt in Germany; Holy Roman Empire; Humanism; Protestant Reformation. )
* duchy
territory ruled by a duke or duchess
* Holy Roman Empire
political body in central Europe composed of several states; existed until 1806
* absolutist
refers to complete control by a single ruler
* humanist
Renaissance expert in the humanities (the languages, literature, history, and speech and writing techniques of ancient Greece and Rome)
* patron
supporter or financial sponsor of an artist or writer
Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students
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Bavaria •barrier, carrier, farrier, harrier, tarrier •Calabria, Cantabria •Andrea • Kshatriya • Bactria •Amu Darya, aria, Zaria •Alexandria •Ferrier, terrier •destrier •aquaria, area, armamentaria, Bavaria, Bulgaria, caldaria, cineraria, columbaria, filaria, frigidaria, Gran Canaria, herbaria, honoraria, malaria, pulmonaria, rosaria, sacraria, Samaria, solaria, tepidaria, terraria •atria, gematria •Assyria, Illyria, Styria, Syria •Laurier, warrior •hypochondria, mitochondria •Austria •auditoria, ciboria, conservatoria, crematoria, emporia, euphoria, Gloria, moratoria, phantasmagoria, Pretoria, sanatoria, scriptoria, sudatoria, victoria, Vitoria, vomitoria •Maurya •courier, Fourier •currier, furrier, spurrier, worrier •Cumbria, Northumbria, Umbria •Algeria, anterior, bacteria, Bashkiria, cafeteria, criteria, cryptomeria, diphtheria, exterior, hysteria, Iberia, inferior, interior, Liberia, listeria, Nigeria, posterior, Siberia, superior, ulterior, wisteria •Etruria, Liguria, Manchuria, Surya
Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes
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Bavaria (Bayern) Largest state in Germany; the capital is Munich. Other major cities include Nuremberg. Part of the Roman Empire until the 6th century, taken by Charlemagne in 788, it formed part of the Holy Roman Empire until the 10th century. Incorporated into Germany in 1871, it remained a kingdom until 1918, becoming a state of the German Federal Republic in 1946. Industries: glass, porcelain, brewing. Area: 70,553sq km (27,256sq mi). Pop. (1999) 12,154,967.
World Encyclopedia
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Michael Kergin on Managing the Canada-U.S. Relationship
Michael Kergin comments in The Hill Times on why it is so important for the next Canadian Ambassador to the United States to have a close connection to Prime Minister. Michael says:
"From a U.S. perspective, the relationship between the ambassador and the prime minister has to be extremely close for the White House and for Congress—who deals a lot with the embassy—to have confidence that they're talking to somebody who really has the authority of the Canadian government at the highest level . . . the Americans are very quick to determine, or know, whether or not you have access to the seats of power."
Michael F. Kergin, Senior Advisor


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E3 2009: Microsoft Announces 'New Summer Of Arcade'
Going on from the success of last year's 'Summer of Arcade' initiative which saw a number of high profile XBLA titles such as Braid and Castle Crashers being released one after another over a five week period, comes the welcome news that Microsoft is set to repeat the practice again this year.
And just like last year, the line-up is pretty strong indeed.
Starting Wednesday July 22nd and every week after that, gamers can get their teeth into the following impressive line up of titles:
"MARVEL vs. CAPCOM 2" (Backbone Entertainment/Capcom): One of the most popular fighting games of all time, "MARVEL vs. CAPCOM 2," arrives on Xbox LIVE Arcade. Choose from 56 legendary characters from Marvel Comics and Capcom history, including Ryu and Wolverine. With online multiplayer over Xbox LIVE and enhanced HD graphics, you decide who is the dream team in the ultimate tag-team fighting experience.
"Shadow Complex" (Chair Entertainment and Epic Games/Microsoft): The next evolution in downloadable games, "Shadow Complex" marries the quality and depth of a full retail title, the stunning visuals of Epic Games' industry-leading Unreal Engine 3, and a classic side-scroller. "Set in the world of Orson Scott Card's best-selling novel, "Empire," Shadow Complex introduces a compelling universe in which you collect items and power-ups, and evolve your character into a force of destruction."
Splosion Man™ (Twisted Pixel Games/Microsoft): Fools they were, to tread where knowledge should stay forbidden. For what emerged was not a man – it was a Splosion Man. "And all who saw him were sploded, for he was the fire and they were but meat." Able to splode himself at will, the Splosion Man launches his way through levels, an uncontainable force. From Twisted Pixel Games, developer of the award winning The Maw™, Splosion Man will keep you on your toes as you play through more than 50 single-player levels and 50 multiplayer levels.
"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles™: Turtles in Time Re-shelled" (Ubisoft Singapore®/Ubisoft®): Cowabunga! Everyone's favorite Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles game is back with a brand new look in "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time Re-Shelled." The arcade classic has been revamped with all new 3D graphics, but the same classic beat 'em up gameplay.
"Trials HD" (RedLynx/Microsoft): Put on your helmet, and rev your way through "Trials HD," a fully-featured, physics-based motorcycle racing game in stunning HD graphics. Tear up more than 50 tracks and test your metal in two unique game modes: Race and Skill. Create, share and download an unlimited number of free tracks with the level editor, and customize your rider to fit your personality.
Oh, and don't forget, Battlefield 1943 is due out in two weeks.
Time to stock up on Microsoft Points methinks.
« Dont worry Sony and Nintendo conference stuff coming up…
E3 2009: Sony Announces DLC Expansion Pack For Wipeout HD »


Comparing fan motor windings for an air purifier is a crucial element of the appliances' lifespan. This is primarily because engineers wonder whether the characteristics of aluminum can be compared with those of copper. The answer is yes. There are factors to be kept in mind, depending upon the application of the motor. Both aluminum and copper have similar losses and performance in air. So these aren't the two factors that can be used to compare the two materials. Here's what you'll need to consider while planning to buy an air purifier fan motor online.
Aluminum has a lower conductivity than copper. Therefore, to compensate, aluminum wires with large cross-section area (close to 1.6 times that of copper) are used as windings. This offers the same conductance as copper. This is to say that aluminum windings will have larger volume than copper windings.
Aluminum wires have to be connected very carefully. If you go back to your high school books, you would remember that aluminum gets oxidized much faster than the other metals. When you make proper connections of aluminum wires, an insulating oxide layer is formed preventing oxidation.
To ensure conductivity in case of aluminum, the oxidizing layer of the wire must be thoroughly pierced in order to prevent air from coming in any further contact with the aluminum.
Copper is more ductile than aluminum. Smaller motors, with 5kVA and under, must use copper wires to ensure that the wires don't break during winding, because copper is more flexible and smaller.
While aluminum is more economical than copper, it's not the only thing of consideration when it comes to motors. This is because more aluminum will be required for windings than copper. This probably won't always be economically feasible.
If you're looking to buy the best air purifier fan blades and motors, look no further than Alpine Air Products. We specialize in providing you the highest quality products, which will also be fairly easy to install, considering the easy to comprehend instruction manual that comes along. Check our products out!


Operate Now: Epilepsy Surgery is an exciting Skill Game and published on Dec 6th, 2013 and has been played 1,093 times and has a rating of 80% after 15 votes.
Are you concerned about having an epileptic seizure? Well, you can save the lives of every person that comes up to the hospital looking for relief from the disease that's been plaguing their lives. Get out of your office and into the operating room as you perform your first patient.
80% Players like this game do you?
Operate Now: Epilepsy Surgery is a part of series.


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Committed To You | 0438 127 170 andrew@mortgagemastersqueensland.com.au | 0405 633 633 paul@mortgagemastersqueensland.com.au
RBA announces March cash rate – same old, same old.
In its second announcement of the year, the Reserve Bank of Australia has announced that the official cash rate will remain on hold at 1.5%
In a statement the RBA said the central scenario is still for the Australian economy to grow "by around 3% this year".
Speculation around the decision has intensified over recent weeks due to emerging trends across the lending environment, including out of cycle rate increases from the banks, the correction in the property market and rising arrears.
Mortgages more than 90 days in arrears climbed to a record 0.75% in December, according to S&P Global Ratings. While five years ago only 39% of prime mortgage arrears were more than 90 days overdue, the figure has since risen to 55%, with the largest hike witnessed in the Northern Territory.
According to Corelogic, a sharp slowdown in residential construction activity – coupled with low retail trade – indicates that weak property market conditions are already spilling over to the broader economy.
As such, it believes there is a "growing possibility" that rates could fall later this year.
"The performance of the housing sector over coming months should provide some clues about future monetary policy decisions," said CoreLogic head of research Tim Lawless
"A further deterioration in the pace or geographic scope of declines could tip the balance in favour of a rate cut later this year as the RBA becomes wary of the wealth effect moving into reverse," he added.
Last week the shadow RBA board advised the rate should remain on hold, as it has since August 2016. According to a media release, its advice is based on the national economy "currently not showing any clear direction".
However, in its six-month forecast the shadow board has revised down the likelihood of a change in rate from 60% to 46%.
Chair of the RBA Shadow Board Dr Timo Henckel said while real wages growth has ticked up marginally, consumer and business indicators paint a mixed picture, and the housing market has extended its slump.
"The board is 62% confident that keeping interest rates on hold is the appropriate policy, up six percentage points from February," Dr Henckel said.
"It attaches a 35% probability, compared to 41% probability last month, that a rate rise, to 1.75% or higher, is appropriate – and an unchanged 3% probability that a rate cut is appropriate," he added.
The shadow board cited several domestic and international factors in its calculations. The Australian dollar is now trading higher at US$0.71 to US$0.72 and the ASX has extended its recent gains, with the S&P/ASX 200 stock index approaching the 6,200 mark.
Yet despite a rally in January, the IMF and OECD have revised down their global economic outlooks for the year.
"The risks to the global economy remain much the same," Dr Henckel said.
"America's fiscal boost from the Trump administration's tax cuts will likely wane; Europe's economies, including Germany's, are weakening; emerging markets, especially the highly leveraged ones, are susceptible to the shifts in sentiment in financial markets. Furthermore, political instability and geo-strategic tensions do not seem to be abating any time soon."
Please click this link to see the RBA Statement by Philip Lowe, Governor.
https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2019/mr-19-05.html
We always suggest a quick check to see if your lender is looking after your best interests. Mortgage Masters Queensland offers a free service to do this for you. Our expert knowledge and leading industry software can assist you, so take this opportunity to review your current financial position and save thousands of dollars per year.
If you have any questions or queries about your existing or new finance, please contact me today either at paul@mortgagemastersqueensland.com.au or on my mobile 0405 633 633.
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By Paul Menti|2019-03-05T04:26:21+00:00March 5th, 2019|Uncategorized|0 Comments
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Even George Washington loved to contra dance.
There's an ancient African proverb: "If you can talk, you can sing. If you can walk, you can dance." And the Appalachian settlers took that advice to heart. They danced to celebrate the spring planting and the fall harvest, as well as weddings, births, the midwinter feast… the list goes on. Whenever musicians gathered to play, people danced to the music.
Today, contra dance remains popular in the Appalachians. It's inextricably linked to the old-timey bluegrass music that pervades every mountain city and town. The guitar, banjo, accordion and fiddle brought people together to dance and socialize. Today's brand of contra dance contains elements of other styles, from line dancing to swing. Dance, like language, evolves.
Most mountain settlers had roots in the British Isles. Contra dancing, therefore, derived originally from English country dancing. Unlike the structured dancing that social elites practiced in their formal balls, country dancing was less refined, more exuberant and powered by the fiddler. Since anyone could contra dance, it was seen as democratic and therefore embraced by rural communities.
By the American Revolution, everyone with any social graces could dance. If you didn't know how to dance, people thought you lacked breeding. George Washington apparently loved to dance the Virginia Reel. While fashions came and went in dress shops and dance halls of the cities, contra dancing remained popular in the countryside and the remote reaches of the Appalachian Mountains.
Toward the end of the 19th century, a new type of dance called set dancing emerged that brought different forms together. Dance parties at the time cycled through dances. Eventually, a caller — either the fiddler or someone else in the band — led the dancers by calling out the moves everyone knew by heart.
This new dance drew on contra dance, line dance and square dance for its moves. It always involved couples starting in lines, in a circle or some other formation. Sometimes, the callers ran the dancers through set patterns, but other times, they liked to surprise the dancers. It became part of the fun.
· The Grand Caverns Grand Illumination and Ball in Grottoes, Virginia, on October 3.
· Hendersonville Farm City Day in Hendersonville, North Carolina, on October 3.
· Aurora Barn Dance in Aurora, West Virginia, on October 4.
· Appalachian Heritage Festival in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, on October 9–10.
· North Georgia Folk Festival in Athens, Georgia, on October 9–11.
· Mountain Madness Contra Dance Weekend in Jonesborough, Tennessee, on October 9–11.
· Lake Eden Arts Festival in Black Mountain, North Carolina, on October 15–18.
· Celebration of Traditional Music in Berea, Kentucky, on October 15–18.
· Augusta Heritage: October Old-Time Week in Elkins, West Virginia, on October 18–25.
· Morgantown: 4 Days of Joy in Morgantown, West Virginia, on October 22–25.
· Charlottesville Fall Dance Festival in Charlottesville, Virginia, on October 23–25.
· John C. Campbell Dare to Be Square Weekend in Brasstown, North Carolina, on October 30.
Take your pick of the festivals in the Appalachian Mountains to relive some history, the fun way. Grab a partner and head out onto the dance floor.


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4Players é uma revista alemã que trata de jogos eletrônicos para computadores e videogames. Ela já hospedou o famoso jogo Tibia.

Ligações externas
 Site oficial da 4Players

Fundações na Alemanha em 2000
Revistas eletrônicas
Sites de jogos eletrônicos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Custom pages or Custom Posts I am looking for a way to create custom pages, regarding the information that it holds on the WP CMS, I don't care about the layout, that will be handled separately. (To be clear, I want a custom page in the editor for custom CMS input, not in point of the view of the site visitor)
Can anyone point me in the right direction? I am using (well... trying to, actually) GraphQL
I was able to add a field to the response following the documentation, as follows
add_action( 'graphql_register_types', function() {
    register_graphql_field( 'Page', 'color', [
       'type' => 'String',
       'description' => __( 'The color of the post', 'wp-graphql' ),
       'resolve' => function( $post ) {
         $color = get_post_meta( $post->ID, 'color', true );
         return ! empty( $color ) ? $color : 'blue';
       }
    ] );
  } );

But there are two problems here: First, how do I get the field to be filled within the page? Do I create a form for the admin of the site to input the color?
Second: This added the color field to all pages, and each page will be different. I want custom fields per page, not added to all pages
Thank you very much, I am very much lost
Edit: This is what I did, please let me know if it is wrong
removed the add_action from the PHP file
installed https://wordpress.org/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/ and https://github.com/wp-graphql/wp-graphql-acf
created a custom fields form for each page (actually one until now)
activate Show in graphql
And then I can get the fields in GraphQL Api


text:
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William F. Fore, James Wall
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The Electronic Church
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Nature of Anti-Semitism
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Neglecting Our Children … A New American Way?
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Philanthropy and the New American Isolationism
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Medicine and the Law: An Irrepressible Conflict?, Part I
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War Crimes: How Much Do We Care About Them?
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Immortal Bird
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