text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace GeneticSharp
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A base class for selection.
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class SelectionBase : ISelection
    {
        readonly int m_minNumberChromosomes;

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GeneticSharp.Domain.Selections.SelectionBase"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="minNumberChromosomes">Minimum number chromosomes support to be selected.</param>
        protected SelectionBase(int minNumberChromosomes)
        {
            m_minNumberChromosomes = minNumberChromosomes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Selects the number of chromosomes from the generation specified.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The selected chromosomes.</returns>
        /// <param name="number">The number of chromosomes to select.</param>
        /// <param name="generation">The generation where the selection will be made.</param>
        public IList<IChromosome> SelectChromosomes(int number, Generation generation)
        {
            if (number < m_minNumberChromosomes)
            {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(number), "The number of selected chromosomes should be at least {0}.".With(m_minNumberChromosomes));
            }

            ExceptionHelper.ThrowIfNull("generation", generation);

            if (generation.Chromosomes.Any(c => !c.Fitness.HasValue))
            {
                throw new SelectionException(
                       this,
                       "There are chromosomes with null fitness.");
            }

            return PerformSelectChromosomes(number, generation);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Performs the selection of chromosomes from the generation specified.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The selected chromosomes.</returns>
        /// <param name="number">The number of chromosomes to select.</param>
        /// <param name="generation">The generation where the selection will be made.</param>
        protected abstract IList<IChromosome> PerformSelectChromosomes(int number, Generation generation);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
DIGITAL WORKROOM
ESUMRY
ATTORNEY BENCHMARKING
Budget Calculators
What's in Your Litigated Claims Data?
"Digital transformation" in P&C insurance means applying computer tools to improve performance. Hundreds of new applications have been introduced, focused mostly on growing sales and improving customer experience, particularly in personal lines. A few have made inroads into the claims department, like letting insureds upload photos and text with adjusters.
Claims that turn into lawsuits are harder. The data does not arrive in a useful native format or fit into neat columns and rows. It arrives in bits and pieces from defense counsel, often in emails with scanned attachments. The work of claim professionals making notes and saving documents in the claim management system is time consuming and can be inconsistent.
Yet, lawsuits are often the most expensive losses. Paid indemnity and legal expense are high. Decisions in litigated claims can have out-sized impacts on total loss costs and invite scrutiny. But given the state of technology used in litigated claims, even the best professionals are unable to capture all the data — and applied judgment — that goes into sound decision-making.
Several major carriers that have tried to operationalize their historic litigated claims data, with mixed results. The claim notes and documents turned out to be inadequate to make much use of them due to inconsistent input effort. This goes back to the problem with using database methods: text data does not fit easily into columns and rows.
The one area where P&C insurers have widely applied technology in litigated claims is to manage legal spend. Today there are dozens of e-billing vendors which track, manage and enforce rules designed to reign in legal spending. Insurers use these products to reduce leakage, reduce administrative processing burdens, and make evidence-based decisions about who to hire to defend cases.
For most carriers, only highly experienced claims professionals handle litigated claims. Companies depend on this critical talent to pursue favorable outcomes. These professionals have a great deal of claims knowledge from experience, as do the attorneys hired to defend the lawsuits. But, for the most part, an explicit representation of their knowledge and insight that never makes it into the claim file. Unlike billing data, which is routinely captured by carriers, legal work data is not.
But it is the legal work — and the data embedded in that work — that determines case outcomes. All this digital data could be operationalized with machine learning and natural language processing to speed up claim resolution and reduce claim costs.
Artificial intelligence has made great strides in the last few years. Language models have been developed that can translate dozens of languages and even write stories. But to apply machine learning and language models to improve outcomes in litigated claims, the legal data from cases must first be captured and analyzed.
ClaimEdge is a highly secure collaboration solution that helps attorneys and litigation managers communicate more effectively, make better decisions, reduce costs, and improve claim outcomes. For more information on how to capture and analyze your litigation data with our secure cloud-based digital workroom that helps legal and claims professionals collaborate on your toughest claims, please visit our website at https://www.claimedge.co.
THANK YOU VETERANS, We salute you!
What Insurers Need to Know about Litigation Analytics
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The smart charts illustrate all the information that you have included in your Parkinson Smartwatch electronic diary. Getting familiar with some common patterns can help you to spot them in the smart charts, and allow you to discuss your treatment plan with your doctor and healthcare professionals more easily. The accuracy of the data recorded with the Parkinson Smartwatch helps to do so.
A delayed-'on' is easy to recognize: you experience a few 'bad' or 'off' hours each day before you start to feel better and reach a 'good' or 'on' state. This is a common problem, which is easy to solve, but which many people still suffer from daily. It is caused by the first dose of levodopa being too low.
Levodopa, is the best, the most powerful, and the cheapest medicine for Parkinson's disease, but it only works at a certain level in each individual. The Parkinson Smartwatch system uses the color yellow to indicate 'off' or 'bad' periods and green to indicate 'on' or good periods.
The smart chart shows that the 'good' or 'on' state occurred at 11am, and that the period between waking at 7am and 11am was recorded as an 'off' or 'bad' period. 'Delayed on' could be seen on the smart charts as yellow periods at the start of each day.
If you or your doctor spot this pattern in the smart charts then you can discuss making changes to your treatment schedule. Please always discuss any changes to your medication with your doctor.
This smart chart illustrates the data for a person who has two 'on' or 'good' periods each day, whilst the rest of the day is considered 'off' or 'bad'. The previous section 'delayed on' discussed the problems experienced between waking and the first 'good'/'on' period. The yellow periods which follow a green section indicate a 'wearing off' pattern (i.e. the second and third yellow periods on the smart chart seen above).
This means that the previous dose of medication was not high enough to get sustained levels [of levodopa]. This problem can be solved in several ways. Usually it means increasing levodopa doses. Please always discuss any changes to your medication with your doctor.
If the level of levodopa gets too high, or when the level peaks, it may cause involuntary movements, called dyskinesia.
The following smart chart illustrates the data for a person who has two 'good' or 'on' periods, indicated by green, intersected with a red period.
The Parkinson Smartwatch system uses the color red to indicate periods of 'dyskinesia' or 'involuntary movements'. If this occurs, then then making adjustments to your treatment plan might not be straight forward. Whilst reducing a dose of levodopa may be useful, the aim is not to reduce it so much that it becomes an 'off' or 'bad' period. It usually requires very small changes to prevent this from happening, but sometimes it requires a new strategy.
Please always discuss any changes to your medication with your doctor.
The above smart chart illustrates the data for a person who experiences 'on' and 'off' and 'dyskinesia' periods all interspersed. Most of the people who experience this pattern take medicines at irregular times. Regulating the intake of medication is often the solution, so asking your doctor for a medication schedule for your treatment plan, and setting up medication reminders on your Parkinson Smartwatch, could be the key to getting back on track. Take the time to adapt your plan to achieve the best results. Please always discuss any changes to your medication with your doctor.


Allergy Information: Individuals allergic to pollen from a weed called mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) can develop an allergy to camomile because of the similarity between the allergens (proteins) in both plants. They react to the herb with respiratory tract symptoms (e.g.wheezing), vomiting, cramps, diarrhoea or even more severe reactions like a skin rash. Individuals react to dried, boiled or fresh camomile plants or extracts.
Reider et al. (2000)  described the symptoms observed in subjects after oral intake of camomile tea. All had respiratory tract - rhinoconjunctivitis, wheezing and dyspnea, fewer with gastrointestinal tract symptoms - vomiting, cramps, diarrhoea or some experiencing other systemic symptoms like urticaria, angiooedema, hypotension. Patients experienced symptoms of comparable intensity and quality, no matter if exposure was to dried, boiled or fresh camomile plants or extracts.
Skin prick tests were performed by the prick method. PBS glycerol-solution and histamine hydrochloride (10 mg/mL) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Wheals greater than 3 mm were considered positive (Florido-Lopez et al. 1995) .
All patients showed a positive reaction with camomile extracts (Florido-Lopez et al. 1995 ; (Reider et al. 2000 ).
For immunoblotting studies Reider et al. (2000)  used hot water camomile extracts and compared them to dried/fresh camomile extracts. Protein separation was performed using 10% acryamide 1D SDS-PAGE gels. Samples were reduced with beta-mercaptoethanol.
De la Torre-Morin et al. (2001)  also reported that 12 of the patients with a positive oral provocation test were also positive for bronchial challenge and conjunctival test with chamomile.
Clinical cross-reactivity between Artemisia vulgaris and Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile).


Get a special rate by booking online (booking required 48h in advance)!
This new tour, developed in collaboration with the Happymoov company, offers a guided audio-video tour by bicycle-taxi.
Since the Rihour Palace, visitors will discover on their pad History of Lille, from the origins of Isla to contemporary times.
Lulled by the charm of this new mean of locomotion, they will imagine the crowd of merchants on the Grand Place and around the Old Stock Exchange in the seventeenth century, will be surprised to learn that the building of the Opera and the chamber trade is due to the same architect, and many other discoveries will still ... Ilot Comtesse, Citadel, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Belfry of Lille City Hall will parade before their eyes, before returning place Rihour.
Visit in French or English. Rental is the vehicle (not the person).
Warning: an ID will be required in exchange for the loan of the digital pad.
This tour is not recommended for pregnant women and people with back pain.
Discover Lille on authentic and flowery Dutch bikes (or tandems) as in Amsterdam! The tour lasts about 2 hours and allows you to discover the main sites of Lille and its history on "Lille at the water's edge" theme.
Your cycling guide will show you what he likes most about his city, and sometimes overlooked corners on a course consisting of approximately 10 stops for comments.
With this tour, le Grand Huit offers a great way to discover Lille fun and relaxed!
Visit possible in English and Dutch depending on availabilities.
Get a special rate by booking online!
Casual visitors, simply curious or History lovers, Tradi'Balade is the ideal unusual tour to discover the beautiful city of Lille !
Both friendly and cultural, our surprising 2CV tour, lead by our driver-guide, enable you to live an unforgetable experience in a friendly and pleasant atmosphere. During this tour you will discover anecdotes of the monuments, the streets of Lille, the History and Architecture of the city.
You will be welcomed by our team of private and friendly chauffeurs-guides, with good knowledge of the 2 CV and the town. The cars are convertible. The course is thought to optimize the tour and explore the narrow streets of the old city.
Planned downtime for photos in charming streets of the old Lille.
Visit in French or in English.
Online booking is not possible for the same day; you can contact our team by phone at +33 (0) 359 579 400.
Please note that the tour schedule may be subject to change for bookings within 24 hours.
The North, Beer Region? Certainly. So the beverage has left its mark on the whole territory.
This is a guided tour of the city of Lille: show the past and present footprint of the brewing culture and industry in the city of Lille (remnants of old breweries, new micro-breweries, beer bars, history of beer in the North and anecdotes about beer in Lille ...).
The goal being to explain how the brewery culture has marked the territory, thanks to the explanations of our guide.
Two stops "tastings commented" by your guide are provided in 2 bars on the course.
Possibility to consume soft drinks instead of beer.
Meeting place: in front of "Lille Flandres" station, near the restaurant "Les 3 brasseurs"
It's cool to visit Lille by scooter. And it's original. It makes you want to ride the scooter. Without getting tired. It is easy and accessible to all. Share a fun, participative moment, animated by a friendly guide who will make you discover the city and ... the scooter!
Possibility of visiting with family, with children, parents and grandparents, but also between friends or colleagues.
The scooters are of course provided, with suspensions even!
The guide begins by explaining to the group the adventure you will experience. It helps to take good care of the scooter and find the right postures.
You will discover the center, the Old Lille and its history, but also the modernity of Lille Europe. You make a dozen stops with comments and photos.
You have challenges to face! Gymkhana, competitions of elegance, improv, and various games with the scooter: beautiful laughs in perspective.
Your guide takes a lot of pictures, in Old Lille but also in front of the tulips of Lille Europe or the frescoes of Jean Patou! You can find them the same evening on the Facebook profile with your agreement.


If the equipment does not respond to the remote control after dealing with all codes in the list corresponding to the brand , or if the mark is not included in the list, make a manual search of the code: here and a list of brands to find the corresponding code of your TV (Television) o Another thing you want to program.Here we facilitate you to be looking for those codes on the internet here in this application are All Thousands of Codes of different brands here we make life easier.The codes of the remote controller of your VirginTV Universal this app allows you to quickly select thousands of codes from TV manufacturers so that you can configure your control or (Control) for television. Code of universal controllers of VirginTV , Code of universal controllers for VirginTVThe VirginTV universal remote control can be programmed to work with most televisions, VCRs and cable boxes. Each brand has a specific code that must be programmed in the universal remote control, and the manual of this one has a list of codes.However, the manual may easily get lost and make your remote control more difficult to program. Some codes can be shared between devices.- NOTE -- The remote function where the soundbar and tv is only works for devices with infrared- The TV Smart function works only with smart TVs and so far with some TV modelsShare with friends so you can provide them.


text:
Home Christopher G. Adamo Leftist Despots Require A Disarmed And Defenseless Citizenry
Leftist Despots Require A Disarmed And Defenseless Citizenry
America, if you care about the Country you will pass on to your children and your grandchildren, take note of the events unfolding in Canada, Iran, Northern Europe, China, and Brazil. Take a good hard look that you will not soon forget! The mass protests and upheaval reflect the desperation of citizens to be heard by governments who have no intention of listening. And none of this will change in an amicable, reasonable manner.
🇧🇷Brazil – HOLD THE LINE
Protests continue over Election Fraud
Lula's supporters EXIST ONLY VIRTUALLY
It is a mystery why Brazilians have never seen Lula's supposed 50 millions of supporters, who appear only inside voting machines but never on the streets. Are they even real? pic.twitter.com/tI0cqmYmGy
— Sergeant News Network  (@Sgtnewsnetwork) November 27, 2022
Brazilians have taken to the streets for over 20 days to protest the contested election.
Whether the excuse of the moment offered by the leftist/globalist despots is "public health and safety" as is the case in China and Canada, enviro-lunacy (Northern Europe), fealty to a despotic "religious" order (Iran), or more stolen elections to empower the Marxist political machine in Brazil, common citizens are recognizing that their world is being pummeled into madness and tragedy by a callous and indifferent ruling class.
China 🇨🇳
Protests are erupting across China as people have had enough of the draconian zero Covid lockdowns. This is what eventually happens when people power mobilises against oppressive governments that take away freedoms and human dignity. pic.twitter.com/NsZgZTxEYT
— James Melville (@JamesMelville) November 27, 2022
Protests have erupted in China over strict Covid lockdown measures.
Those in power seek to fortify their positions, in service to their own interests, while the suffering and deprivation of that lowly peasantry (people like you and me) is, at most, an irritation that they would prefer to ignore. And that is how they intend to move forward.
Some common folk naively bought the notion that the "will of the people" would usher in an age of freedom and opportunity. Yet even despite that short-sighted caricature of "democracy," devoid of worthy moral and spiritual principles to guide it, the ability of corrupt and seditious leftist players to defraud and cheat their way into positions of authority has set a dangerous precedent of sham elections that were once only the realm of backwards tinhorn dictatorships.
Back in another life, America played a central role on the world stage, as a government "of, by, and for the people," actively bolstering the efforts of those who yearned to breathe free. But that was before our Nation succumbed to the wiles of the leftist counterculture, with its shameless sanctimony presented as the fig leaf over a truly vile ideology and agenda. It was not sufficiently excised when its dangerous nature first became evident. So, like any malignancy it has spread and grown in toxicity.
America in 2022 is no longer the "shining city on a hill." For several years now, America has been abhorrently playing precisely the opposite role. And the devastation unleashed on innocent peoples throughout the world, who once looked to us as their heroic champions, is beyond words.
Under Barack Obama, freedom fighters in Iran were betrayed, as they sought help from the West to overthrow the illegitimate and repressive regimes of the Islamists. Sadly, Obama's affections were (and still are) entirely in the camp of militant Islam. Rather than working to free the people of Iran, and neutralize its agenda of state sponsored terrorism throughout the region, he sided with the Islamists and fully supported the murderous, hate-filled government of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Immediately upon consolidating his power, Ahmadinejad began rounding up and executing his political opposition.
Last winter, a similar pattern of treachery emerged from the Biden Cabal (likely with Obama pulling the strings here as well). As Canadian truckers courageously rallied against the arbitrary and excessive lockdowns and vax mandates of the Trudeau government, the US began demanding that something be done to suppress the protests on the grounds that American auto manufacturers were feeling the effects. Rather than insisting that this Hemisphere be restored to freedom and justice by lifting the onerous orders, the call came from Washington to simply confront and disperse the truckers. In short, a demand was made for a despotic exercise of power in Ottawa, in order to put down the rebellion.
Similar rumblings are currently being heard from the Biden Cabal in regards to the upheaval in Brazil, where the good citizens of that Nation are refusing to accept the results of their own, obviously stolen election. Massive protests, on a scale never seen previously, are occurring in major cities across South America's largest country. The chicanery in the days before and after the election was at least as flagrant as it was in America's 2020 debacle. But unlike Americans, the Brazilian people are not willing to simply accept all of it as their inescapable fate. With cultural and geographical closeness to Venezuela and other nightmarish Marxist cesspools of the region, Brazilians know the stakes of the battle they are in.
A good and legitimate American government would be loudly decrying the corruption and fraud. But of course this administration can do no such thing. Nor is it willing to see freedom and justice restored in Brazil or anywhere else. Such an event could set off an avalanche of freedom fighters throughout the world, rising up to confront the evils and right the wrongs of those who illegitimately hold power. America's own Democrat Party has massive dirt on its hands in that respect.
It is hardly a coincidence that, as these events around the world reach critical mass, what we heard from the Biden Cabal in the past few days was another effort to create momentum for gun confiscation in America. The single element of the massive protests, whether in Tehran, Beijing, or Brasilia, which could be potentially different if Americans felt compelled to undertake direct action against their government, is that the inherent right of the people to "keep and bear arms" is still upheld and guaranteed by the Second Amendment in the Bill of Rights.
For the despot wannabes in Washington to wield similar brutish power over "We the People," that long standing "obstacle" must somehow be invalidated. So once again, America was subjected to more grandstanding over the evils of an armed populace. In a November 25 event among the ultra rich liberals of Nantucket Island, Biden stated "The idea we still allow semiautomatic weapons to be purchased is sick. It has no social redeeming value. Zero. None… I'm going to try to get rid of assault weapons."
President Biden speaks to media in Nantucket:
"The idea we still allow semiautomatic weapons to be purchased is sick. It has no social redeeming value. Zero. None…I'm going to try to get rid of assault weapons"pic.twitter.com/w40MJ4Vzpq
— CSPAN (@cspan) November 24, 2022
So once again, the efforts to outlaw "assault weapons" are couched in leftist sanctimony, as if their agenda has ever had any "social redeeming value." And once again, the real effort is to hamstring Americans from defending themselves against despotic over-reaches from an out of control government.
While it is inspiring to see how willing the people of Brazil, China, and elsewhere are to rally and fight for their innate rights and freedoms, it is also sobering to realize just how much of an uphill battle they face, owing to their totally disarmed and defenseless condition. Americans have their own major battle against just such evil forces. Ceding our inherent and unalienable rights to the leftist power mongers in government would only make that effort much more difficult, if not totally impossible.
As a lifelong conservative, Christopher G. Adamo has held great concern for America and the direction in which the leftist counterculture has been taking it. Throughout the more than three decades that he lived and worked at the 'grassroots' in Wyoming, he gained a close-up perspective on both the political process and the strategies of activists from across the political spectrum. In response, Adamo has written "Rules for Defeating Radicals - Countering the Alinsky Strategy in Culture and Politics" (available on Amazon). He is also a regular contributor to GOPUSA.com a website dedicated to "bringing the conservative message to America".
General Michael Flynn's Clarion Call to American Patriots
Win Or Lose, Democrats Remain Extremely Dangerous!
Stacey Abrams Exemplifies The Worst of Leftist Ideology
Christian Apathy Enables California Governor Newsom's Pro-Abortion Depravity
Previous articleI'm Grateful for Politics!
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The State of Oregon Rules Against Historic Gun Control Measure 114
I'm Grateful for Politics!


text:
Cat Power, Little Big Town highlight this month's new releases
by Chris Azzopardi - SGN Contributing Writer
The artist who once wanted to be "the greatest" isn't just imagining it now - she's living it. The self-confidence infusing Cat Power's first album of original material in six years - self-produced and featuring beats from Beastie Boys' producer Philippe Zdar - struts defiance and a life-affirming awakening, rather than the fragility and vulnerability displayed on her earlier releases. Now Power (née Chan Marshall) is the guiding light she probably could've used a few years back when dealing with health troubles and a breakup. With a fresh outlook on life, a new Lesbian hairstyle, and some electro-jolts shocking her trademark piano/guitar lushness, she brings us Sun, an exhilarating flood of emotions that pulls from life experiences and a politically and socially aware worldview. "Ruin" rips into a passive nation of greed, while "Peace and Love," which intros with an ethereal tone that's a throwback to her earlier sound, spouts off angrily and triumphantly via a trip-hop beat. The real gem, however, is the youth-empowerment anthem "Nothin' But Time," a song that's so good, so epic - especially as it reaches its liberating climax with Iggy Pop - it never feels as long as its 11 minutes. "It's up to you to be like nobody," Power insists. In other words: follow her example.
One of country's greatest contemporary bands is done with playing second fiddle to the big dogs - their fifth album bids for merited mainstream acclaim, without sacrificing the signature sound the Grammy-nominated quartet established with 2005's The Road to Here. "Pavement Ends," a raucous rockabilly-fashioned song that kicks off Tornado, encourages folks to "let the good times roll." That's the plan on "Pontoon," the lead single that's become a summer staple with its lazy-day breeziness and sexy innuendo, conjuring up a day on the lake with beer and bikini-clad babes. The fun continues with "On Fire Tonight," an earworm-y party song doused in electric guitar and horns that shows the band to be more than just a down-home brand; they've got some rock running through them, as the bark of "Front Porch Thing" also demonstrates. They don't abandon their unrivaled four-part harmonies, which have always given them the edge over lesser acts such as Lady Antebellum, and "Can't Go Back" takes full advantage of those. The song's a standout, falling in line with other melancholy ballads like "Your Side of the Bed," that reaffirms Little Big Town's talent shouldn't just be acknowledged within award-show circles, but everywhere, and by everyone.
BLAQK AUDIO
BRIGHT BLACK HEAVEN
Davey Havok and Jade Puget, respectively vocalist and guitarist of punk-rock band AFI, take a detour with their side project, Blaqk Audio - a detour that takes them back to the '80s. The goth-glam throwback comes five years after CexCells, their initial venture into synth-pop. Bright Black Heaven looks to David Bowie, Erasure, and Depeche Mode for a decent run of songs that are casually listenable, though in a style so dated that they probably found these tracks in the same closet as their fishnets and leather pants. That's not necessarily a bad thing: "The Witness" has the swagger of an Adam Lambert song, and "Cold War" is as heartfelt as Andy Bell asking for a little respect.
The hipster darlings known as Stars, a Montreal quintet with six albums to their name, lean heavily on the electro new-wave sound they've been toying with, especially on their 2010 album The Five Ghosts. "The Theory of Relativity" pops with a synth-y effervescence that has Torquil Campbell and Amy Millan tag-teaming Human League-style on this romantic charmer. Despite some remarkable moments, such as "Hold On When You Get Love and Let Go When You Give It," and a solo from Millan, "Lights Changing Colour," which bleeds '80s nostalgia - the album slogs in its schmaltzy final third, because by then this girl-guy drama is about as tired as they sound.
Chris Azzopardi is the editor of Q Syndicate, the international LGBT wire service. Reach him via his website at www.chris-azzopardi.com.


text:
also pointed to the ways in which it is often defined vis-à-vis use, that users and non-users mutually constitute one another. In this and other ways, discussions of non-users often draw to the fore questions about users.
USERS, AGENCY,
AND CONTROL
Only two professions refer to their clients as users: designers and drug dealers. It is perhaps not surprising, then, that some of the language used to describe technology (non)use draws on that of substance abuse, indulgence, and addiction. In an examination of Twitter, for instance, Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck points out that from 2009 to 2011, Twitter and Facebook edged out chocolate and alcohol as the two things most often given up during the Christian period of Lent.
The possibility of addiction, or at least of limited self-control, brings up questions of agency in (non)use. In addition to whether non-use represents activity or inactivity, we may question whether forms of non-use represent the exercise of agency or the giving up of agency. Erin Brady et al. discuss a similar structural limitation where non-use of assistive technologies designed for the visually impaired arose in part from a lack of information but also in part from a lack of access. Such individuals have not chosen to forgo use of a particular technology but never had (the agency to make) the choice in the first place. In a related vein, Ethan Plaut described the Freedom application, which deactivates a computer's Internet connection for set periods of time to encourage productivity. At some times, the app was seen as enabling freedom from the temptations of social media, but at other times, it was seen as hindering one's freedom to use the Internet.
Questions of agency and control also emerged in discussions of (the controversy around) the mobile application Girls Around Me (http:// girlsaround.me/), which fuses data from Foursquare and Facebook to show the user information (full name, relationship status, photos, etc.) about women and, optionally, men who are currently nearby. Should the people whose information is displayed in the application be seen as users or non-users? Similar questions arise elsewhere. Could the deceased be considered users of their social media accounts? Should they? Mel Gregg
purposes. First, it provides a sense for the scope and variety of research being conducted related to non-use, drawing in part on examples from workshop participants. Second, it draws inspiration from discussions that occurred during the workshop to suggest some possible broader implications of, as well as important future directions for, work in this area.
THE DEFINITION(S) OF
TECHNOLOGY NON-USE
What actually constitutes technology non-use can become a deceptively complex question. Non-use could be understood as the absence of action and, as such, may not be amenable to study through methods traditionally used to study participants' actions.
For example, drawing on ideas from ethnomethodology, Jeffrey Treem [ 3] argues that technology non-use is not observable-reportable in the same way that use is. As a result, he suggests, we need novel, fundamentally different approaches to study non-use.
In contrast, Jonathan Lukens's study of visual artists who avoid using tools such as Photoshop for specific portions of their work demonstrates how non-use can require as much, if not more, conscious, deliberate, effortful action as technology use does. In this way, while non-use is often understood as the absence of a phenomenon or practice, something else likely exists in place of use, and it is that something we should be studying.
In practice, though, non-use is often not as absolute as the term may suggest. Rarely does there exist a binary or dichotomous distinction between use and non-use—after all, both Sally Wyatt's seminal work on the topic [ 2] and Christine Satchell and Paul Dourish [ 1] describe different types of non-use.
Lindsay Ems's research highlights that even individuals or groups famous for non-use, such as the Amish, do not avoid information and communication
technologies entirely, but rather selectively take them up, mediated by cultural norms and religious values.
In this vein, non-use could be understood not as an identity, where a given individual is either a user or a non-user, but rather as a continually negotiated practice. For example, Alex Leavitt's work studying situational non-use of Google Glass points to the moment-to-moment negotiations, often around privacy, between the Glass wearer and others about when and how the technology should (and should not) be used. Thus, a given individual is neither a user nor a non-user, but rather constantly (re) negotiates dis/engagement with the technology. Here, non-use (the verb) is more apt than non-user.
A practice-based approach allows us to broaden the scope of what may fall under the analytical purview of non-use. At different times, the non-used thing may be a technology, a service, an application, a platform, a communication medium, a set of practices, a set of value commitments, or some combination thereof.
For example, Courtney Loder describes how individuals concerned about surveillance of electronic communication but unwilling to forgo such media entirely use encryption and obfuscation strategies to negotiate their use of technologies such as email.
This negotiated use—opting out of surveillance by adopting additional technologies—highlights the complicated and contingent nature that non-use may take on.
These discussions suggest that there may be a better term than non-use that could provide a more nuanced conceptual vocabulary for grappling with these issues. Instead of clear typologies, might we develop accounts of varied technological engagement that are less categorical and more fluid in nature? Questions around the definition and scope of non-use
While non-use is often understood
as the absence of a phenomenon
or practice, something else likely exists
in place of use, and it is that something
we should be studying.


text:
Law of attraction (New Thought)
For other uses, see Law of attraction.
In the New Thought philosophy, the Law of Attraction is the belief that positive or negative thoughts bring positive or negative experiences into a person's life.[1][2] The belief is based on the idea that people and their thoughts are both made from pure energy, and that through the process of like energy attracting like energy a person can improve their own health, wealth, and personal relationships.
The Law of Attraction is among the most popular of the Universal Laws.[3] Advocates of this mind-power paradigm generally combine cognitive reframing techniques with affirmations and creative visualization to replace limiting or self-destructive ("negative") thoughts with more empowered, adaptive ("positive") thoughts. A key component of the philosophy is that in order to effectively change one's negative thinking patterns, one must also "feel" (through creative visualization) that the desired changes have already occurred. This combination of positive thought and positive emotion is believed to allow one to attract positive experiences and opportunities by achieving resonance with the proposed energetic law.[4]
Adherents of the Law of Attraction cite scientific theories as supporting evidence, specifically quantum physics,[5][6] however it is not considered to have any scientific basis[7] and has been dubbed a pseudoscience.[8] A number of researchers have criticized the misuse of scientific concepts by its proponents.[7][9][10][11]
The New Thought (Law of Attraction Origins) grew out of the teachings of Phineas Quimby in the early 19th century. Early in his life, Quimby was diagnosed with tuberculosis. However, medicinal treatment wasn't working, so he began carriage riding through his hometown, Lebanon, New Hampshire. He then regained his health and recovered, an event that prompted his study of "mind over body".[12] Although he never used the words 'Law of Attraction', he explained this in a statement that captured the concept in the field of health:
the trouble is in the mind, for the body is only the house for the mind to dwell in, and we put a value on it according to its worth. Therefore if your mind has been deceived by some invisible enemy into a belief, you have put it into the form of a disease, with or without your knowledge. By my theory or truth, I come in contact with your enemy and restore you to your health and happiness. This I do partly mentally and partly by talking till I correct the wrong impressions and establish the Truth, and the Truth is the cure.[13]
In 1877, the term 'Law of Attraction' appeared in print for the first time in a book written by the Russian occultist Helena Blavatsky, in a context alluding to an attractive power existing between elements of spirit.[14] (Her book Isis Unveiled discusses esoteric mysteries of ancient theosophy.[15])
But the one who really first articulated the Law as general principle was Prentice Mulford. Mulford, a pivotal figure in the development of New Thought thinking, discusses the Law of Attraction at length in, for example, his essay "The Law of Success",[16] published 1886-1887. In this, Mulford was followed by other New Thought authors, such as Henry Wood (starting with his God's Image in Man,[17] 1892), and Ralph Waldo Trine (starting with his first book, What All the World's A-Seeking,[18] 1896). For these authors, the Law of Attraction is concerned not only about health but every aspect of life.[19][20]
The 20th century saw a surge in interest in the subject with many books being written about it, amongst which are two of the best-selling books of all time; Think and Grow Rich (1937) by Napoleon Hill, The Power of Positive Thinking (1952) by Norman Vincent Peale, and You Can Heal Your Life (1984) by Louise Hay.
Even if the New Age movement adopted many New Thought ideas, including that of the Law of Attraction, the Law of Attraction remains a new thought philosophical concept.[21]
In 2006, the concept of the Law of Attraction gained a lot of renewed exposure with the release of the film The Secret (2006) which was then developed into a book of the same title in 2007. The movie and book gained widespread media coverage.[1][22][23] Rhonda Byrne's book also has influenced the creation of an untitled fiction film based on The Secret, starring Katie Holmes.[24] This was followed by a sequel, The Power in 2010 that talks about the law of attraction being the law of love.[25]
DescriptionsEdit
New Thought authors believe that the Law of Attraction is always in operation and that it brings to each person the conditions and experiences that they predominantly think about, or which they desire or expect.
Charles Haanel wrote in The Master Key System (1912):
The law of attraction will certainly and unerringly bring to you the conditions, environment, and experiences in life, corresponding with your habitual, characteristic, predominant mental attitude.[26]
Ralph Trine wrote in In Tune With The Infinite (1897):
The law of attraction works universally on every plane of action, and we attract whatever we desire or expect. If we desire one thing and expect another, we become like houses divided against themselves, which are quickly brought to desolation. Determine resolutely to expect only what you desire, then you will attract only what you wish for.[27]
Rhonda Byrne published in 2006 the film The Secret wherein she emphasized thinking about what each person wants to obtain, but also to infuse the thought with the maximum possible amount of emotion. She claims the combination of thought and feeling is what attracts the desire.[28] The Secret says your subconscious mind can control everything that happens around you, including both positive experiences, like having someone call you from miles away, and negative experiences, like death. The Byrne underlines the power of the subconscious mind by asking the reader to take full control of these thoughts, in order to achieve things in life, with the mind, as much as with action. Another similar book is James Redfield's The Celestine Prophecy, which says reality can be manifested by man.[29] Man and the universe have a force of attraction between them similar to a magnetic attraction. The Power of Your Subconscious Mind by Joseph Murphy, says readers can achieve seemingly impossible goals by learning how to bring the mind itself under control. The Power by Rhonda Byrne, The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho, and The Power of Now by Eckhart Tolle are similar. While personal testimonies claim the secret and the law to have worked for them, a number of skeptics have criticized Rhonda Byrne's film and book. The New York Times Book Review called the secret pseudoscience and an "illusion of knowledge".[30]
Philosophical and religious basisEdit
The New Thought concept of the Law of Attraction is rooted in ideas that come from various philosophical and religious traditions. In particular, it has been inspired by Hermeticism, New England transcendentalism, specific verses from the Bible, and Hinduism. [31][32][33][34][35][36]
Hermeticism influenced the development of European thought in the Renaissance. Its ideas were transmitted partly through alchemy. In the 18th century, Franz Mesmer studied the works of alchemists such as Paracelsus[37] and van Helmont.[38] Van Helmont was a 17th-century Flemish physician who proclaimed the curative powers of the imagination.[38][39][40] This lead Mesmer to develop his ideas about Animal magnetism which Phineas Quimby, the founder of New Thought, studied.[38][41]
The Transcendentalist movement developed in the United States immediately before the emergence of New Thought and is thought to have had a great influence on it. George Ripley, an important figure in that movement, stated that its leading idea was "the supremacy of mind over matter".[38][42]
New Thought authors often quote certain verses from the Bible in the context of the Law of Attraction. An example is Mark 11:24: "Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask in prayer, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours."[43][44][45]
In the late 19th century Swami Vivekananda traveled to the United States and gave lectures on Hinduism. These talks greatly influenced the New Thought movement and in particular, William Walker Atkinson who was one of New Thought's pioneers.[46][47]
Skeptical Inquirer magazine criticized the lack of falsifiability and testability of these claims.[48] Critics have asserted that the evidence provided is usually anecdotal and that, because of the self-selecting nature of the positive reports, as well as the subjective nature of any results, these reports are susceptible to confirmation bias and selection bias.[49] Physicist Ali Alousi, for instance, criticized it as unmeasurable and questioned the likelihood that thoughts can affect anything outside the head.[1]
The Law of Attraction has been popularized in the early 21st century by books and films such as The Secret. This 2006 film and the subsequent book[50] use interviews with New Thought authors and speakers to explain the principles of the proposed metaphysical law that one can attract anything that one thinks about consistently. Writing for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, Mary Carmichael and Ben Radford wrote that "neither the film nor the book has any basis in scientific reality", and that its premise contains "an ugly flipside: if you have an accident or disease, it's your fault".[48]
Others have questioned the references to modern scientific theory, and have maintained, for example, that the Law of Attraction misrepresents the electrical activity of brainwaves.[51] Victor Stenger and Leon Lederman are critical of attempts to use quantum mysticism to bridge any unexplained or seemingly implausible effects, believing these to be traits of modern pseudoscience.[52][10][11]
Prominent supportersEdit
In 1891 Californian author and humorist Prentice Mulford used the term Law of Attraction in his essays Some Laws of Health and Beauty and Good And Ill Effects of Thought.
In 1897 Ralph Waldo Trine wrote In Tune with the Infinite. In the second paragraph of chapter 9 he writes, "The Law of Attraction works unceasingly throughout the universe, and the one great and never changing fact in connection with it is, as we have found, that like attracts like."[53]
Thomas Troward, a strong influence in the New Thought Movement, gave a 1904 lecture in which he claimed that thought precedes physical form and "the action of Mind plants that nucleus which, if allowed to grow undisturbed, will eventually attract to itself all the conditions necessary for its manifestation in outward visible form."[54]
In 1902 English New Thought writer James Allen (best known for writing As a Man Thinketh) wrote a series of books and articles between 1901 and 1912, after which his wife Lily continued his work.
Emmet Fox wrote about metaphysics and the power of prayer in essays and books. His teachings are founded in Christianity and bible stories. He cites Jesus Christ as being the greatest teacher of metaphysics who ever lived and explains that thoughts are our most important emanation, more important than what we say or what we do. In the books Power Through Constructive Thinking and Find and Use your Inner Power Fox speaks about "building the mental equivalent of what you want and to expunge those that you don't".
In his New Thought Movement book William Walker Atkinson used the phrase Thought Vibration or the Law of Attraction in the Thought World (1906), stating that "like attracts like".[55]
Bruce MacLelland's Prosperity Through Thought Force (1907), a prosperity theology book, summarizes the principle as "You are what you think, not what you think you are." It was published by Elizabeth Towne, the editor of The Nautilus Magazine, a Journal of New Thought.[56]
In his 1910 The Science of Getting Rich Wallace D. Wattles espoused similar principles — that simply believing in the object of your desire and focusing on it will lead to that object or goal being realized on the material plane (Wattles claims in the Preface and later chapters of this book that his premise stems from the monistic Hindu view that God provides everything and can deliver what we focus on). The book also claims negative thinking will manifest negative results.[57]
Theosophical author William Quan Judge used the phrase in The Ocean of Theosophy (1915).[58]
Another theosophical author Annie Besant discussed the 'Law of Attraction' in 1919.[59] Besant compared her version of it to gravitation, and said that the law represented a form of karma.[60]
Napoleon Hill published two books on the theme. The first, The Law of Success in 16 Lessons (1928), directly and repeatedly references the Law of Attraction and proposes that it operates by use of radio waves transmitted by the brain. The second, Think and Grow Rich (1937), went on to sell 100 million copies by 2015.[61] Hill insisted on the importance of controlling one's own thoughts in order to achieve success, as well as the energy that thoughts have and their ability to attract other thoughts. He mentions a "secret" to success and promises to indirectly describe it at least once in every chapter. It is never named and he says that discovering it on one's own is far more beneficial. Many people have argued over what it[62] actually is, some claim it's the Law of Attraction. Hill states the "secret" is mentioned no fewer than a hundred times, yet reference to "attract" is used less than 30 times in the text. He further claims that people can obtain what they desire through thought of definite purpose.[63]
Israel Regardie published books with the Law of Attraction theme as one of his prevailing Universal Laws. In, The Art of True Healing: A Treatise on the Mechanism of Prayer and the Operation of the Law of Attraction in Nature (1937), he taught a focused meditation technique to help the mind to learn to heal itself on a physical and spiritual level. Regardie claimed that the Law of Attraction was a valid method for attracting good physical health and for improvement in any aspect of one's life.[64]
In 1960 W. Clement Stone and Napoleon Hill co-wrote Success Through a Positive Mental Attitude.[65]
In his 1988 The American Myth of Success Richard Weiss states that the principle of "non-resistance" is a popular concept of the New Thought movement and is taught in conjunction with the Law of Attraction.[66]
The 2008 Esther and Jerry Hicks' book Money and the Law of Attraction: Learning to Attract Health, Wealth & Happiness appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list.[67]
Rhonda Byrne, author of The Secret, The Power and The Magic, was influenced by Wattles' The Science of Getting Rich.[68]
Conor McGregor has claimed to use the Law of Attraction. He said, "This is what I dreamed into reality", upon winning his second UFC championship title belt.[69]
Scott Adams, creator of Dilbert.[70]
Mike Cernovich, alt-right blogger.[71]
Norman Vincent Peale, pastor for Donald Trump.[72]
Jim Carrey, comedian and actor.[73]
Jahseh Onfroy, artist. Also known as XXXTentacion, Jahseh was an American songwriter and singer who strongly believed in the Law of Attraction and shared its beliefs in several "vlogs".
Efficacy of prayer
Homophily
Internal locus of control
Kybalion
Law of contagion
Medical students' disease
Priming (psychology)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Sympathetic magic
^ a b c Whittaker, S. Secret attraction Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, The Montreal Gazette, May 12, 2007.
^ Redden, Guy, "Magic Happens: A New Age Metaphysical Mystery Tour", Journal of Australian Studies: 101
^ Ellison, A. "Metaphysics and Universal Laws". Mystic Culture. Mystic Culture. Retrieved 20 February 2018. [dead link]
^ Hurst, Katherine. "What Is The Law Of Attraction". The Law Of Attraction.
^ Taylor, Travis Shane (2010). The Science Behind the Secret. ISBN 978-1439133392.
^ Srinivasan Pillay. The Science Behind the Law of Attraction. ISBN 978-0615430720.
^ a b Shermer, Michael (1 June 2007). "The (Other) Secret". Scientific American. 296 (6): 39. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0607-39.
^ Radford, Benjamin (3 February 2009). "The Pseudoscience of 'The Secret'". Live Science. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
^ Stenger, Victor J. "Cosmic Mind" (PDF). University of Colorado. pp. 8–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24.
^ a b Leon Lederman; Dick Teresi (1993). The God Particle: If the Universe is the Answer, What is the Question. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 189–198.
^ a b Non-science posing as science; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
^ Hughes, n. "Phineas Parkhurst Quimby". Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ "The Quimby Manuscripts". New Thought library. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
^ "Isis Unveiled". Theosophical University Press, page 340. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^ Blavatsky, Helena. "Isis Unveiled".
^ Your Forces and How to Use Them, Vol. 1. New York, F.J. Needham. 1888.
^ God's Image in Man, Ch. 6, "The Universality of Law". Lee and Shepard Publishers, 1892.
^ What All the World's A-Seeking. New Canaan, Conn., Keats Pub. 1973.
^ "In Tune With The Infinite". New Thought Library. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
^ "THE GOD IN YOU". Cornerstone Publishing, 2001. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^ Oppenheimer, Mark (2014-03-28). "A Company Aims to Put Good Karma and Energy Close at Hand". The New York Times. The New York Times, 28 March 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^ "The Law of Attraction: Real-Life Stories - Oprah.com". oprah.com. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
^ "Go Beyond 'The Secret' - Oprah.com". oprah.com. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
^ "The Secret Movie (2018) Based on The Secret by Rhonda Byrne". The Law Of Attraction. 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
^ NANCE-NASH, SHERYL (August 18, 2010). "The Secret Is Out: Megahit Writer Says Power of Love Will Fill Your Bank Account". ABC News. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
^ "The Master Key System. Chapter 8, part 18" (PDF). New Thought Library. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
^ "In Tune With The Infinite, by Ralph Trine". New Thought Library. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
^ Henry, Juliette. "How can it possibly be that the law of attraction works?". www.tameyourmind.org. Transformation guide. Retrieved 3 Dec 2016.
^ Redfield, James (1993). The Celestine Prophecy: An Adventure. New York: Warner Books.
^ Chabris, Christopher F.; Simons, Daniel J. (24 September 2010). "The Pseudoscience of 'The Secret' and 'The Power'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
^ Melanson, Terry. "Oprah Winfrey, New Thought, "The Secret" and the "New Alchemy"". Conspiracy Archive. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^ D'Aoust, Maja (2012). The Secret Source. Process. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-934170-32-8.
^ Zink, Robert (2014). Magical Energy Healing: The Ruach Healing Method. Law of Attraction Solutions, Llc. p. 299. ISBN 978-0990825036. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
^ Donker, Gerald (2008). Exposing the Secret Law of Attraction. Lulu.com. p. 27. ISBN 978-1409236146. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
^ Harrold, Glenn (2011). The Answer: Supercharge the Law of Attraction and Find the Secret of True Happiness. Orion. ISBN 978-1409112716. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^ James, William (1902). The Varieties of Religious Experience. Longmans Green & Co. p. 94. ISBN 978-1439297278. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
^ a b c d Braden, Charles S. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NEW THOUGHT MOVEMENT.(1963)" (PDF). surrenderworks.com. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
^ Hedesan, Georgiana D. (July 2014). "Paracelsian Medicine and Theory of Generation in 'Exterior homo', a Manuscript Probably Authored by Jan Baptist Van Helmont (1579–1644), ref 52". Medical History. 58 (3): 375–96. doi:10.1017/mdh.2014.29. PMC 4103403. PMID 25045180.
^ Hedesan, Delia Georgiana (2012). "'Christian Philosophy': Medical Alchemy and Christian Thought in the Work of Jan Baptista Van Helmont (1579-1644)" (PDF): 31. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ "PHINEAS PARKHURST QUIMBY 1802 - 1866 Father of New Thought". phineasquimby. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
^ Mikics, David (2012). The Annotated Emerson. Belknap Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0674049239. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
^ "Mark 11:24". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
^ "The Master Key System, by Charles Haanel (1912). Chapter 11, section 17" (PDF). The New Thought Library. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
^ Byrne, Rhonda (2006). The Secret. Beyond Words. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-58270-170-7.
^ Woodroffe, John (1918). Shakti and Shâkta, Chapter 24, 12th paragraph. Luzac & Co. ISBN 978-1595479204. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
^ a b Mary Carmichael; Ben Radford. "CSI | Secrets and Lies". Csicop.org. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
^ Kaptchuk, T., & Eisenberg, D.; Eisenberg (1998). "The Persuasive Appeal of Alternative Medicine". Annals of Internal Medicine. 129 (12): 1061–5. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.694.4798. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00011. PMID 9867762. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Byrne, Rhonda (2006). The Secret. Beyond Words Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58270-170-7.
^ Shermer, Michael (June 2007). "The (Other) Secret". Scientific American. 296 (6): 39. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0607-39. PMID 17663221.
^ Trine, Ralph. In Tune With The Infinite. London: G Bell and Sons, LTD. Published 1911. p. 174.
^ Judge Thomas Troward, The Edinburgh Lectures on Mental Science, 1904.
^ William Walker Atkinson. Thought Vibration or the Law of Attraction. Advanced Thought Publishing. 1906. Out of Copyright version
^ MacLelland, Bruce, Prosperity Through Thought Force, Elizabeth Towne, 1907
^ "The Science of Getting Rich - Wikisource". En.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
^ Judge, William Quan (1915). The Ocean of Theosophy. United Lodge of Theosophists. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-7661-0544-7.
^ "POPULAR LECTURES ON THEOSOPHY". anandgholap. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^ Annie Besant (1895). "Karma" (First ed.). Theosophical Publishing House. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
^ "Think and Grow Rich". Napoleon Hill Foundation. 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ "Why The Law of Attraction has been a Secret". Positive Inspiration. 2016-04-06. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
^ Hill 2010, pp. 23-24.
^ Regardie, I. (1974). The Art of True Healing: A Treatise on the Mechanism of Prayer and the Operation of the Law of Attraction in Nature. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ Hill, N.; Stone, W.C. (1991). Success Through a Positive Mental Attitude. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-74322-2. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ The American Myth of Success. Illini Books. p. 169.
^ "New York Times Bestseller information August 31, 2008". The New York Times. 2008-08-31. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
^ Jerry Adler (2007-08-21). "Decoding The Secret". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ "Conor McGregor credits success to 'the law of attraction'". Las Vegas Review-Journal. 25 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ "How to Use Affirmations to Achieve an Improbable Goal". uno boy. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ "Mike Cernovich – Danger & Play". Charlie You. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ "Prosperity Attraction – you create your own reality » Norman Vincent Peale". Prosperity Attraction – you create your own reality. 22 September 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
^ "Jim Carrey's 5 Tips for Creating Your Reality". Apply the Law of Attraction. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
Hill, Napoleon (2010). Think and Grow Rich: Collector's Edition. American Liberty Press. ISBN 978-0-9842784-4-2.
The dictionary definition of law of attraction (new thought) at Wiktionary
Works related to The Science of Getting Rich at Wikisource
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)&oldid=904079306"


text:
Henry Okah's sentence: MEND threatens to resume attacks
Rotimi Akinola News Apr 4, 2013 Apr 4, 2013
The militant group is angered by the jailing of Henry Okah in South Africa.
There was palpable tension in many parts of the Niger Delta as speculations became rife on Wednesday that a militant group in the region, the Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta, MEND, could resume attacks in the country on Friday.
Media reports quote MEND as saying in a statement signed by its spokesman, Gbomo Jomo, that it would commence a series of attacks in the country, codenamed "Hurricane Exodus", at midnight on Friday.
The statement describes the planned attacks as "a direct repercussion of a forged threat letter contrived by the Nigerian and South African governments purporting to have originated from MEND".
"The attacks will commence 00:00 Hrs, Friday 05, April 2013 and will be sustained until an unreserved apology is offered to MEND and the Nigerian government shows their willingness to dialogue," Gbomo is reported to have said in the statement.
MEND said the fake threat letter was used as evidence against their leader, Henry Okah, who was sentenced to 24 years imprisonment by a South Gauteng High Court in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Shortly after Justice Neels Claaseen of the South Guateng High Court in South Africa sentenced Henry Okah to 24 years in prison for his alleged role in the October 1, 2010 bombing incident in Abuja, the group had issued a statement rejecting the sentence.
In the statement signed by "Comrade Azizi," MEND described the sentence as "the height of injustice to our region and people, which will be resisted by all means necessary."
Mr. Okah, as leader of MEND, was found guilty of masterminding the October 1, 2010 bombing in Abuja, the Nigerian capital, and an earlier one in Delta State.
Published Apr 4, 2013 Apr 4, 2013
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To access Whyte Lake Park, start at Whyte Lake Trail, from Westport Road just south of the Upper Levels Highway at Nelson Canyon. There is also a trailhead closer to Horseshoe Bay at Exit #1. The trail follows the Trans Canada Trail route, diverges westward through old growth trees, follows Whyte Creek and ends at Whyte Lake. The trail features a wooden dock and 300 m of boardwalk.
Here's a map of the Whyte Lake Trail, including the two trailheads.


text:
Strikes May Signal Trouble Ahead for French Socialists
By Howard LaFranchi Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
October 5, 1989 | PARIS
JACQUES CALVET, president of Peugeot automobiles, says he has seen a 21st century in which Japanese automakers gobble up the weaker competition, and he says the time to prepare for it is now. But striking Peugeot autoworkers say they have lived long enough in the 19th century, where a paternalistic management reaped the benefits of production and acted without consulting workers. They want change.
The striking employees in Mulhouse and Sochaux, two Peugeot plants near the Swiss border, see their Swiss counterparts earning markedly higher salaries. This, coupled with the handsome profits Peugeot expects to chalk up this year, has fueled their demands for a 1,500-franc-a-month ($240) pay increase.
The Peugeot strike, plus two others in the public sector, are flustering Prime Minister Michel Rocard. He had hoped to present his Socialist government's 1990 budget unperturbed.
Mr. Calvet, credited with pulling the ailing company back to profitability, says Peugeot could afford the pay hike - but at the expense of future competitiveness. He considers this price too high.
Claiming that Peugeot's renaissance is still too delicate to allow for negotiations on a pay hike, Calvet has refused until now to even discuss the issue with striking workers, fewer than 10 percent of Peugeot's 57,000 work force. But with the strike in its fifth week, and with more than 30,000 cars lost, Calvet said Monday he would receive union representatives - though the word ``negotiation'' was studiously avoided.
Last week Mr. Rocard asked Peugeot, which unlike Renault is a private company and need not heed government admonitions, to respect the norms of employee-management relations and to take up discussions. The irony of the request is that Rocard has troubles in his own backyard. Some prison guards have gone on strike, as have some tax collectors.
Prison guards have no guaranteed right to strike. Hundreds of them have been dismissed without any negotiations having been taken up. Rocard has also adopted a rigid line toward striking tax collectors even though the effects of the strike are forcing the government to borrow money.
In addition, there are growing rumblings of strikes spreading to such sectors as the nationally owned electricity service.
For Rocard, who is walking a tightrope between Socialist Party philosophy and demonstrating strong leadership, any widening of the malaise could be a major burden for the government.
France's economy is still ``convalescing'' from recession in the early '80s, the government insists. Nevertheless, it has proposed a 1990 budget that includes 7,800 new public-sector jobs and a ``growth pact'' by which government workers would share in economic growth through a pay bonus.
Such signs of solidarity between the Socialists and workers could quickly vanish, however, if the government were forced to finance a round of pay hikes in the public sector.
Of the three strikes, it is Peugeot's upheaval that could have the greatest impact in France, both because it is now the country's largest private company, and because the conflict could become an indicator of just how well French industry and society are adapting to a new, more integrated international market.
European automakers ready for Detroit-like cuts
GM to sell Opel, Vauxhall to French Peugeot maker
Why is Pope Francis traveling in a 1988 Peugeot?
https://www.csmonitor.com/1989/1005/opug.html


A Chamber After Hours will be held at Pathfinder Services Creative Abilities Arts Studio, on Tuesday, May 1. The event will be held from 4 to 6 p.m. at the studio's location at 2806 Theater Avenue (former Huntington Fitness Center). Light refreshments will be served and all attendees can register to win a free work of art. There will also be art available for purchase by cash, check or charge.
The Creative Abilities Art Studio provides creative opportunities for adults with intellectual disabilities who are served by Pathfinder Community Supports' Day Services program. This program offers adults full or part-time person-centered activities to facilitate life skills through community and center-based activities. The Creative Abilities Art Studio is an expansion of the current art program at Pathfinder Community Supports and provides a space within the community where artists can paint, sculpt, sew, draw and craft jewelry.
The works of art are sold at community events, at the studio locations and through www.humblebuy.net, an online store featuring various products created by individuals with disabilities. The proceeds from the sale of the art go back to the artist and Community Supports to sustain the program.
"The artists have really gained confidence and grown due to the expansion of the art program," stated Sandy Wing, senior director of Pathfinder Community Supports. "We are thrilled with the space the new studio offers and look forward to providing another opportunity for the individuals we serve to interact with the community," Wing concluded.
If you would like to attend, reply to skimmel@huntington-chamber.com. After Hours is another great way to network with other business professionals in Huntington. Stay for 15 minutes or the entire time.
Shown in the photo is a painting done by one of the artist. This painting is similar to what will be on display, and for sale during the After Hours.


text:
Unique opportunity to do research on homeschooling
The COVID-19 pandemic offers a good opportunity for researchers to study homeschooling for children. Credit: Getty Images
An international network of researchers in 10 countries are to study the effectiveness of homeschooling during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The gathering of data via online surveys in the various languages is being led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet. The aims of the study are to look at the challenges facing families during the COVID-19 pandemic and to produce recommendations and technical methods for both homeschooling and teaching in general.
Lotta Borg Skoglund, credit: Eva Lindblad/1001 Bild.
"We're appealing for help from all parents with children or adolescents receiving homeschooling," says Lotta Borg Skoglund, psychiatrist and assistant professor at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and one of the project's initiators. "We are also interested in experiences form families where the children receive educational support in school or are struggling with psychosocial problems. We know from our contacts with patient associations and clinical experience that some individuals are at particular risk of being left behind by such changes to their world."
Respond to the survey (as yet, only in Swedish)
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted many countries to close their schools to reduce the spread of the virus. Countries have handled the situation in different ways, and in Sweden it is mainly upper secondary schools and universities that are closed. Regardless of the official strategy in the different countries, the researchers believe that the pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study potential problems and opportunities with homeschooling for children and adolescents.
Rescheduled their working days
In just a few weeks, the researchers participating in the network have rescheduled their working days, produced a questionnaire relevant to all languages and applied for ethical approval for their research – which according to Dr Borg Skoglund has been instructive and interesting in itself:
Lisa Thorell, credit: Stefan Zimmerman.
"We're aware that the method of gathering information from an anonymous online survey has its scientific limitations" she says. "For instance, we can't work with randomised control groups or measure the response rate. However, the opportunity to study this unusual situation just as it's happening can offset the other shortcomings to some extent, provided that we are able to collect a relatively large amount of data."
Currently involved in the study alongside the team from KI, Sweden are researchers from Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, the UK, Ireland and China. Researchers from Brazil, Italy and Spain have also expressed an interest in joining the project, and they are now translating the survey into their languages. The study is being led by Lisa Thorell, associate professor in psychology at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet.
More about the study (in Swedish, English version coming)
Respond to the online survey (in Swedish)
Mer about Lisa Thorell's research group
Our press release about this study (Swedish)
Mere reading about COVID-19 research at KI
International Cognitive Science COVID-19 Psychology Sociology
Katarina Sternudd 29-04-2020
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BATE started this UEFA Champions League with a bad loss to Bayer Leverkusen but followed that display up with a terrific home win against Roma. Bate were very impressive last time out and wll hope to perform to a similar high level here against the Champions. How BATE approach this game will be key to what we see on Tuesday. More than likely BATE will be happy with holding Barcelona and getting a draw from the game. With outMessi there is no doubt that this is not as scary an opposition although with Neymar and Suarez out there it's not like Barcelona are going to struggle to create chances.
Barcelona though do rely heavily on Messi when it comes to European games in particular. Messi is an exceptional player and his injury robs Barcelona of their key man and us the viewing public of one of the best players on the planet. The Barcelona manager Luis Enrique though has a galaxy of stars at his disposal and with Luis Suarez, Iniesta and Neymar in the line up there should be no issues with Barcelona creating plenty of goal scoring oppotunities. There is no doubt though that the current Champions Barcelona will want to get another win here and move to nine points that will almost guarantee Barcelona a spot in the knockout stages.
Not a great game in terms of value for us here. I think BATE have proven over the years that they can frustrate teams epecially at home and their strong performance against Roma last time out has to be respected. For this reason I am taking BATE +1 on the half time handicap, at worst I thik we finish with a push here.


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text:
Australia's Siddle retires from internationals
Ian Ransom
MELBOURNE (Reuters) - Australia paceman Peter Siddle has announced his retirement from international cricket at the age of 35 after taking 221 wickets in a distinguished 67-test career.
FILE PHOTO: Cricket - Ashes 2019 - Fifth Test - England v Australia - Kia Oval, London, Britain - September 15, 2019 Australia's Peter Siddle edges a delivery Action Images via Reuters/Andrew Boyers/
Siddle broke the news to his team mates at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Sunday after being released from the squad for the third and final test against New Zealand in Sydney.
"It's always hard to know when the right time is," he told local broadcaster Fox Cricket. "The Ashes was the main goal, to try and get on that touring party and be a part of that series.
"Once I'd ticked that off, I was talking to Painey (captain Tim Paine) and JL (coach Justin Langer), I thought I could have (retired) there, but the chance of getting one last crack if it came in Australia ... would have been nice."
Siddle will continue to play domestic cricket for Victoria state and Twenty20 side Adelaide Strikers in the Big Bash League, along with English county cricket for Essex.
The fiery redhead, born in country Victoria, has been on the fringes of Australia's formidable pace attack for a number of years but featured in the team's retention of the Ashes in England earlier this year.
He made his test debut in Mohali in 2008 and claimed India's Sachin Tendulkar as his maiden wicket.
He became the ninth Australian to take a hat-trick when he dismissed England's Alastair Cook, Matt Prior and Stuart Broad in successive balls on his 26th birthday in the 2010 Ashes test in Brisbane.
Although plagued with injuries early in his career, Siddle became one of Australia's most durable bowlers and his ability to keep steaming in after long spells saw him inevitably tagged a "workhorse" paceman.
He was much more than that, however.
With eight five-wicket innings hauls across his career, Siddle was often the spearhead during a period of transition following the retirements of bowling greats Glenn McGrath and Shane Warne.
He also played in 20 one-day internationals and two T20s.
The rise of Pat Cummins, Josh Hazlewood and Mitchell Starc saw him pushed to the sidelines in recent years, and he went unused for a two-year period between 2016-18.
But a strong county season and his proficiency on English pitches earned him a recall for the Ashes where he contributed seven wickets in three matches to help Australia retain the urn for the first time since 2002/03.
"Sids has been the heart and soul of the team for a long time," Paine said.
"He has a massive heart and is a fantastic bowler. He'll be very much missed around the group."
Reporting by Ian Ransom; Editing by Richard Pullin


I have had a long term dream for our Nation. One where those with skills, work with those who need skills and in so doing create a nation of entrepreneurs to help build our economy.
The baby boomers, born after World War Two and now starting to retire and leave the formal workplace, worked in a world where many had one career in the same profession and built skills, experience and wisdom. The world is now a different place. There is no job security, many change jobs and even professions and so this lengthy process of skill development has taken on another direction.
Our country needs to build more skills and people in the workplace for survival. Surely there is a way that we can match the young and old together to transform our economy? The older generation is healthier and more active than previous generations heading for retirement and questioning their purpose for this next phase of life. In many cases it may just be to share a hobby with someone or mentor a younger professional. The scope is endless and all that is needed is a system and process to make connections. The rest will depend on the attitude and generosity of the participants.
The transfer of skills can also work in reverse. Technology is a skill that many older people are learning as it is not something we grew up with. In this case it is a case of reverse inter- generational learning.
Here are some examples that come to mind?
1. I love wood work and want to find a place where I can teach the skill to those that want to learn.
2. I would like to learn how to quilt or sew and looking for a skilled teacher.
3. I am designing a social solution and need the skills of a seasoned engineer to help me fast track part of the process.
4. I want to start a business, but have no business skills and need some guidance.
5. I am retiring, new to social media and need some help with how to set up my platforms.
6. I am young, care about the elderly and keen to find a career where I can add value to this section of community.
I would be keen to know how you feel about this dream? Are you keen to engage and help create this transformation in your community? It starts with an individual being sure about what they are skilled at and wanting to engage. When we step out, being sure about who we are and what we want to achieve, the path and journey becomes much easier.
There are two currencies that begin with the letter "M" – money and meaning. Both are needed to build a life that matters. Many may need to earn while working, others may just want to volunteer and help. There is no right or wrong answer. Again this depends on your own personal situation and attitude.
Over the next year I hope to build an online platform to enable this process. The system will help, but only if there are individuals willing to participate and serve. Are you ready?


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