One of the most popular places to spend a vacation is by the ocean. People are drawn to the water in search of both relaxation and adventure. Snorkeling, scuba diving, and surfing are all popular water-based sports. But today we'll discuss two big marine ecotourism activities that are a bit more adventurous and slightly less common.
Ecotourism, while a huge source of revenue for once-small locations like the Cayman Islands, has become increasingly popular in marine locations and attracts over a million visitors annually1. In Grand Cayman, for example, eager tourists board small boats and take a 30+ minute cruise out to the local sandbar known as "Stingray City"2 . Once there, tourists hop out into waist-high water and squeal in delight, fear, or a combination of both as stingrays swim past their ankles. This is a once-in-a-lifetime experience, and I've been fortunate enough to visit this amazing spot. Unfortunately, my visit was quite memorable, but not for good reasons. Upon reaching the sandbar, our captain accidentally spewed fuel into the stingray-occupied water. Our guide then manhandled the animals, which quickly swam away in hopes of cleaner water and less human interaction, and our bucket of squid (snacks for the rays) floated away aimlessly for several minutes before it was found and returned to the vessel. Within two minutes of arriving, I remember my younger sister choking on contaminated water and bawling. On top of everything else, our captain had anchored the boat in water too deep for us to stand in. This is irresponsible ecotourism.
While this story has become a hilarious anecdote in my family of traveling gone wrong, it also highlights some of the biggest issues behind marine ecotourism. First of all, pollution: our captain leaked fuel into the water in a marine biodiversity hotspot. While our boat was a small contribution to the problem, repeat exposure of pristine waters to fuel and human trash will quickly destroy the coast surrounding the Cayman Islands. In fact, the reason our captain anchored us in deep water at all was because all the other boats (over 10 at any given time) had taken the ideal spots on the sandbar. With hundreds of tourists swarming the area and nearly a dozen boats floating over the rays, there is bound to be some level of additional pollution being dumped into the water every day.
Responsible ecotourism: enjoying the beauty of stingrays from a respectful distance.
While my experience in Grand Cayman highlighted many of the potential problems of marine ecotourism, I have also experienced the joys of responsible ecotourism in other locations. In Belize, I was able to snorkel with nurse sharks and rays. Like in Stingray City, we baited the water with chum and floated observed the critters from above while they snacked. I was able to stroke sharks and rays, but were only allowed to do so as long as it did not interfere with their mealtime. We were in a small group of 15 people and our guides made sure to police how close we were to the animals, so as to not injure any of the creatures we were there to enjoy. This is responsible ecotourism. I was among tourists who could appreciate the beauty of natural creatures while minimally interfering in their behavior. We were in a small group, and left no noticeable trace other than the chum we spread.
A nurse shark in Belize, up close!
Let's shift focus to another popular tourist activity: cage diving. Cage diving has become incredibly popular in places such as South Africa, Southern Australia, and Hawaii3. It allows tourists to safely view apex predators in the wild, while also generating a source of revenue for the local community. Cage diving has been proposed as a method for preventing shark poaching because of the steady source of tourist income that provides an incentive to protect sharks in the area4. For example, in 2005, an estimated 20,000 cage diving tourists generated $1.6 million in revenue for local South African communities4. This money, if funneled back into shark conservation, has the potential to protect these species from human predation. On the other hand, concerns have been voiced about the potential for attacks on humans to increase if sharks are provisioned regularly in tourist areas. This has resulted in greater regulation of the industry: in the United States, there is a ban on shark feeding in state and federal waters. In Australia and South Africa, tour operators must go through a stringent licensing process and adhere to local restrictions on cage diving locations and shark provisioning4. This is responsible ecotourism.
Cage diving undoubtedly changes normal shark behavior, encouraging sharks to linger longer and spend more time near boats. In South Africa, great white sharks have become much faster at responding to chum baits in the water and have been conditioned to see boats as sources of food3. However, there's an important distinction: while sharks have become conditioned to chum and boats, it's unlikely that they are conditioned to humans. Though many argue that cage diving increases the number of shark attacks in the area, there is little evidence to support this claim3.
While researchers continue to debate its impacts on wildlife, they do agree on one thing: the most responsible way to conduct marine ecotourism is by conducting continual research on the impacts of tourist and wildlife interactions. Ongoing studies in South Africa suggest a dynamic management strategy, where the industry is constantly reassessed, is the best way to ensure tourists will be able to enjoy the majesty of wild animals while minimizing the risks to both people and wildlife3. And if you chose to partake in marine ecotourism, from cage diving to snorkeling, the best thing to do is look for reputable tour companies so that you know you're dealing with organizations that adhere to local regulations and act as much as possible in the best interests of all parties involved, human and animal alike. You don't have to be a scientist to do your own research.
1Iiwinc. "The Economy of the Cayman Islands." The Economy of the Cayman Islands, caribya.com/cayman.islands/economy/.
2Shackley, M. (1998). 'Stingray City'-managing the impact of underwater tourism in the Cayman Islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 6(4), 328-338.
3Johnson, R., & Kock, A. (2006). South Africa's White Shark cage-diving industry-is their cause for concern. Finding a balance: White shark conservation and recreational safety in the inshore waters of Cape Town, South Africa, 3.
4Meyer, C. G., Dale, J. J., Papastamatiou, Y. P., Whitney, N. M., & Holland, K. N. (2009). Seasonal cycles and long-term trends in abundance and species composition of sharks associated with cage diving ecotourism activities in Hawaii. Environmental Conservation, 36(2), 104-111.


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ASK Day urges parents to ask: Is there an unlocked gun in your house?
Awkward conversations come with being a parent. But one could save your child's life
Would you be willing to have an awkward conversation with another parent if it might save a life?
That's the premise of the ASK Campaign (Asking Saves Kids), which encourages parents to ask the parents of their children's friends about access to guns in the home. One out of three homes with children has a gun, and close to 1.7 million children live in a home with a loaded, unlocked gun, by one estimate.
The results can be tragic. Thousands of children nationwide are injured and killed by guns each year as a result.
University Health System is the lead organization for SAFE KIDS San Antonio, which has joined the ASK Campaign in recognizing ASK Day on June 21 — the first day of summer, marking a season when kids typically spend more time at the homes of friends and other family members.
University Hospital's Level I pediatric trauma center treats a number of unintentional shootings involving kids. Those numbers have been rising, said Jennifer Northway, director of the Adult and Pediatric Injury Prevention Program at University Health System.
"Over the last year or so we've seen an increase in unintentional shootings involving children who had access to guns — not necessarily in their own homes," Ms. Northway said. "So we feel this issue is an important."
Organizers of ASK Day note that parents often ask questions before their child visits another's home – if an adult will be home to supervise, if there are potential allergens such as pets, and whether internet access is limited. The presence of an unlocked firearm is just one more important question to ask.
More information and some tips on asking those hard questions can be found at the group's website, askingsaveskids.org.
A member of University Health System's Adult and Pediatric Injury Prevention Program can speak about this important topic. Call 210-358-2335 to arrange an interview.
For news media:
Our news team can help you find an expert to interview. Visit our Media Relations page for more information, or call 210-358-2335.
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Lexus already had world class service; how could it be improved?
When Peggy Turner was offered the promotion of a lifetime, she almost didn't take it. The new job would mean longer hours and more travel. And her new boss, she noticed, never made it to any of his son's soccer games. As the coach of her own son's soccer team, Peggy was concerned she might not be able to do both and she didn't want to give up either.
So, she consulted her 'board of directors,' her friends, family and husband, for advice. Everyone said take the job. So, she did.
To manage both her commitment to the new job and her commitment to her son's soccer team, Peggy was open with her new boss about the conflict. Her boss worked with her to help keep her commitment. He realized that's what he had to do in order to keep her.
Soon after, Peggy was asked to make a presentation to the company president, scheduled for the end of the day at the precise time she had to leave the office to for her son's soccer game. Peggy and her boss agreed she could present quickly and then excuse herself to make the soccer game.
But it didn't work out that way; the meeting got a late start. The president was interested in learning more about Peggy and her customer service insights. The conversation quickly ate up 20 minutes and soon Peggy had the sinking feeling she would miss the soccer match. Her boss shifted the conversation to Peggy's presentation, noting that she needed to leave. The division president quickly caught on and sensed Peggy's conundrum: her love of her family, matched by her love of her job. She said, "he smiled and said … send it to me in email." Peggy left the meeting smiling, too; she knew her decision to take the promotion was the right one and that for her, Toyota was the right place to build her career.
After 21 years at Toyota, Peggy was offered another impressive promotion: to vice president of customer experience at Lexus, Toyota's luxury brand. While she was excited to have the opportunity, this might be the biggest challenge of all: Lexus was already known for, and loved by its customers for, an excellent customer service reputation.
The Lexus covenant is to "treat customers like a guest in your home; we want them to always delight our customers and our programs and our reward systems are focused on that," Peggy said. When Lexus launched in the U.S. 27 years ago, offered as the luxury step up from Toyota, Toyota chose its top dealers to represent the brand. "We wanted customer service to be what separated us; a good product was not enough," she said. And the philosophy was a success; many customers buy one Lexus after another purely for the customer service experience.
How could she possibly improve on that?
She also learned from surveys with potential employees that women need more flexible schedules. The real estate industry, for example, was one that had successfully created flexibility in scheduling so that women can take balance business and family obligations and do both well.
Soon after, Peggy became the champion and captain of the next era of Lexus service: The Lexus Difference. This pilot program takes a thoughtful approach to how women, millennials and multicultural customers feel in a Lexus showroom; it's designed to bring into the dealership and make them feel more comfortable–both customers and employees.
"I considered 'how do we change the environment so that women and millennials feel comfortable going to a dealer and purchasing their car? How do we feel like a family to them?'" Peggy said.
The first thing that is needed is more women in the sales force. But hiring women was a challenge. Not only were the flexibility of schedules an issue, as the research had shown, but wardrobe was an issue, too.
And that was a finding she could identify with; how could Lexus project the feeling of luxury when women working in its showrooms don't feel at home in the same khaki pants and polo shirts the men wore? "I don't want to wear khaki pants and a polo shirt," Peggy said. She noted that the research revealed another success factor among real estate companies: realtors can wear what they want, and that increases job satisfaction.
And Lexus Wear was born: a designer label- inspired line to offset the men's polo and khaki look. The line is a finely crafted collection of separates that sales associates can purchase to wear at work, designed to make them more comfortable and help female customers identify with the women working in the dealership, and also, present a unified and branded image among the sales associates. The clothes in the line include dresses, pants, skirts, jackets and blouses, all coordinated to work together; a line of accessories extend the look and offer even more combinations.
But the look of the employees isn't enough to complete the Lexus Difference. Also revealed in the research is that a pleasant scent enhances the ambiance in the showroom. Diffusing fragrance in spaces such as stores and hotels has been a growing trend, and no place needs it more than a car dealership: all the hard surfaces cleaned daily with stringent products, and the attached service bays that carry the natural odor of rubber, gas and oil, add up to a particular olfactory challenge. Peggy and her team took this on as part of the Lexus Difference, developing a signature fragrance to be diffused in dealerships, further branding the company with a distinct fragrance.
To further create relationships with women, Lexus recently announced a partnership with the Women Presidents' Organization, (WPO) a worldwide organization of successful women entrepreneurs. "Lexus is excited to be the first automotive company to partner with such an elite organization. Not only are we passionate about empowering people to make the world a better place, but by supporting WPO events and community involvement, we'll gain insights to refine the dealership environment to appeal more to women," Peggy said, all while continually striving for a superb guest experience.
She's also proud that Cameron drives a Lexus IS Turbo; her husband drives a Toyota Avalon and Peggy drives a Lexus Es 300H hybrid. She loves the great gas mileage, powerful engine and huge back seat for her adult children.
And she loves that if she needed it, a Lexus technician would have made a house call to sync the garage door opener for her.
Wife Just took car into service at Lexus. Service representative told her she would be getting a survey and she should put all 10's down. Anything lower and she flunks. Then said she gets to read them, so she will know. She did not say "if you don't I will retaliate when you bring your car back in". But my wife felt she was being intimidated. I guess it get customer satisfaction up. But it is certainly makes me think about getting service at non Lexus service places and makes those customer satisfaction rating suspect. The funny thing is my wife would have given a 9 or 10. Now it's a 1 except of course we are afraid to take it back to Lexus service.


The Endless Knot (or Eternal Knot) has no beginning and no end.
The Lotus, PADMA in Tibetan, symbolizes spiritual purity. The Lotus Flower always refers to many aspects of the path, as it grows from the mud (samsara), it appears clean on the surface (purification), and finally produces a beautiful flower (enlightenment).
The White Conch Shell stands for the deep and far reaching and melodious sound of the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha).
The Pair of Golden Fishes represent spiritual release from the suffering in samsara (the ever continuing cycle of death and rebirth, under the influence of our ignorance, karma and disturbing emotions such as attachment and anger).
The Parasol (or Umbrella) is a symbol for both protection and royalty.
Sometimes people confuse the Parasol for the Victory Banner or vice versa, as at first sight they might look alike but do substantially differ from each other.
The Victory Banner symbolizes the victory of the positive teachings of the Buddha over the negative forces of ignorance, disharmony and other negativities in this world.
The Golden Wheel, or Dharma Wheel, has 8 spokes and represents the 'Noble Eightfold Path': right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelyhood, right effort, right mindfullness and right concentration.
As the wheel of the Dharma is being turned it awakens the Buddha potential present in all sentient beings.


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Insight Investment
Good structure facilitates desired returns
SIMON KERR
Originally published in the November/December 2012 issue
Most equity hedge funds vary their net exposure to markets. Most of the minority that don't are market-neutral equity funds. These funds are structurally market-neutral – they commonly have a tolerance band of plus or minus 10% net market exposure away from absolute market neutrality, but the balance sheet cannot be anything other than very-close-to-neutral. There are two ways of creating a market-neutral portfolio – from the bottom up, or using quantitative methods of stock selection and portfolio construction. More than 98% of equity market-neutral hedge fund portfolios are constructed using quantitative methods of forecasting individual stock returns, and then using optimizers in combination with a series of portfolio construction constraints. To build a market-neutral equity hedge fund using discretionary management approaches rather than systematic ones is very unusual, and to be successful requires meeting a number of particular requirements.
One firm that has met the particular requirements well is Insight Investment. The UK asset manager, part of the BNY Mellon group, has a double rare distinction – in the Absolute Insight UK Equity Market Neutral Fund it has a commercially successful UCITS-format hedge fund and, as the name partly tells, it is successful through taking a discretionary market-neutral approach.
Low risk low vol can sell
Andy Cawker, the Head of Specialist Equities at Insight, describes the fund as "a low-risk, low-volatility hedged fund rather than a hedge fund. It is a portable alpha strategy that has not had a down year or down rolling 12 months in its track record." The fund has returned 3.1% p.a. net to investors over the last five years compared to 1.9% p.a. for 3 Month GBP Libid over the same period. The five-year return is twice the return from the FTSE-All Share Index, and the return stream produced has some attractive attributes – the correlation with the FTSE-All Share Index is a de minimis 0.04, volatility has been 1.55% since inception and the Sharpe ratio, at 1.4, is extremely high for an equity hedge fund. The whole track record is shown in Table 1.
The fund is run with two constraints to minimise the impact of market direction. The net exposure has the classic constraint of +/- 10%, and the portfolio predicted beta must not exceed +/- 0.15. The fund managers construct a portfolio with pair trades to generate the return. Hedges are chosen to isolate the risks that the portfolio managers want to take, and each pair is subject to a stop-loss trigger set at 15bps loss to the NAV. The stop-loss limits the impact of any one pair, but also enforces a mental discipline on the portfolio manager who puts the pair on. The stop-loss makes the portfolio manager recognise that the original investment hypothesis for the trade was either incorrect or ill-timed.
The presiding genius model of running a hedge fund seems to be fading. It is more usual to see asset management firms offering two investment professionals operating in tandem to run a hedge fund, and for the leaders to be backed by a coterie of analysts. Neither model is applied by Andy Cawker. He has a broad team in which there are five Absolute Return portfolio managers, of which Cawker himself is one, plus a dedicated analyst.
In the once dominant presiding genius (or name-over-the-door) model it is clear whomakes the decisions. For all the other models of investment professionals working together on a single investment strategy it can vary enormously how both key and minor decisions are made. Limited voting, casting vote, equal weighting democratic votes, both or all have to agree on all decisions, watering down any decision not agreed unanimously, and right of veto on all decisions beyond a certain level of portfolio impact are all used. And no voting at all. One way to have clear decision making authority is to carve up the capital into discrete chunks which are owned by one person. This is the method used by the Specialist Equities team at Insight. The portfolio managers in the team are Andy Cawker, Richard Howarth, Iain Brown, David Headland, and Matthew Wright, supported by absolute return analyst, Russell Wright, and a dedicated dealer Stephen Quantrell.
An intensity of focus
Andy Cawker explains, "There is a team of fund managers that run the fund, though decision making is not done on a team basis. Each of us runs a group of 10-15 stocks, which enables us to have that intensity of focus. We don't specialise by sectors; we can each invest everywhere. Our experience of working in places that have managers specialise was that people get very territorial, and it can institutionalise errors. What we do is that each works on things that interest us at that time."
So there is a level of engagement you can't always get with one portfolio manager looking after 60-70 active positions. It is not uncommon for, particularly institutionally run, long/short funds to have rules saying that there should be longs and shorts in each part of the market. To a degree that forces managers to have positions without conviction.
"Timing is quite important to us," says Cawker. "So we spend a lot of time looking at share price behaviour and short interest as well as whether the stock is cheap or dear and at times what kind of earnings revisions profile it has. We use technical analysis to help with entry and exit points. Ideally we will be squashing out every factor risk that we don't want to take through hedging."
The Insight Specialist Equities team size the positions for the Market Neutral Fund by several criteria: liquidity, volatility and conviction. The last factor is not the most important "because the positions you have most conviction about don't turn out to be your big winners," laughs Cawker. Because the stop-loss is at 0.15% of NAV for every position, a volatile stock will have to be sized smaller, even if is large cap name. For example mining stocks, which the Insight team don't do much in as a sector, are mostly large cap but highly volatile. In the context of running the UK Market Neutral Fund a mining position might be sized the same as a mid-250 name, even though the stock will be 10 times larger in capitalisation.
Richard Howarth, a portfolio manager who works on the fund, comments that "in contrast to long-only funds we want all our money to be active. We are not putting chips on the table for something to happen in the next two years. The idea is that each pair works now, and we rank our ideas on that basis – what is going to contribute to returns now. So timing is the main issue, and that is what drives the decision making on whether to include an idea or not." The stop-losses are tight to ensure that pairs that are not working now are promptly closed.
The review process
An effective investment management process always includes a review by routine. Insight's Specialist Equities team has one. Andy Cawker says that in the monthly risk meeting if a manager has a new idea, he has got to take an idea out. "You do want that capital tension when running active portfolios. We ask ourselves in these meetings is the size of position correct? A larger, more liquid stock with low volatility will allow us to have a larger position; a smaller, more volatile stock would have a smaller position. I spend more time looking at the aggregate portfolio than other team members because that is my responsibility."
Richard Howarth expands, "What we don't want is to have meetings reviewing each other's positions. We have tried that and found that it is a constraint on the best ideas getting into the fund. Each manager sponsors a position into the fund, and they take full responsibility."
The monthly review meeting from Cawker's perspective is more about how these positions combine and contribute to risk. The managers check that they are not introducing risks they did not intend to take. This is not done by running a Barra-style factor analysis. Rather, the quantitative risk analysts (who are dedicated to the Absolute Insight range) run a battery of correlation tests which show empirically what the portfolio has moved with.
The Insight Specialist Equities team do not want to put too much weight on one measure of portfolio risk. They go through a set of outputs, including reports from Barra-style research and their own in-house developed left- and right-tail risk analysis to look at factor analysis and risk sensitivities. For example, a year ago the reports showed there was a right-tail gold risk. Further analysis showed that this was a co-movement of the whole portfolio with the gold price, but that it was not expected to necessarily be there as a forecast factor – it was a statistical phenomenon not a real world factor bet.
The other major agenda item in the monthly portfolio meeting is liquidity. "The fund is a UCITS fund with daily liquidity, so we have to be aware of our ability to add to positions and get out when we want to. We need to know where the pinch points are in execution of deals," says Cawker. The ability to deal is one of the reasons why they have added to the number of fund managers as they have grown the assets: if it was just the three portfolio managers, as was, the team would have 30-40 positions rather than the 60-80 pairs currently run. The lower number of positions would present liquidity issues at today's AUM.
Andy Cawker shares how it feels to run this type of fund structure: "For each position there is a lot going on: is the idea right, is the timing right and is the hedge effective? In the latter case, as events occur we want to verify that the hedge still works – when Israel bombs Gaza and markets move does the hedge do what we expect it to do?" The structure of five portfolio managers allows intense scrutiny of live positions and there is a lot of weight put on the hedge acting as expected for the specific circumstances, and the active bet side of the pair acting as it should. "We do not have to go into a room and read a report about 60 positions in the portfolio," states Cawker. "Any report would be well after the event; our method is real-time oversight. We are each on top of our 10 or 12 pairs."
A litmus test of quality
Like some of the best equity hedge fund managers, the Insight Specialist Equities team makes an effort in its hedging arrangements. To a degree that is intrinsic to a pairs-based investment strategy, but high-end managers track and monitor the effectiveness of their hedges, and prepare on a what-if basis. In the case of Insight, hedges can be bottom-up or fundamental. A correlation screen is run which ranks the effectiveness of theoretical hedges (sector baskets or individual stock) for a current or potential holding. The screen can prompt interesting hedges to the managers. A recent example was a pair of Tesco (a fundamental research-driven short) and Astra Zeneca (a hedge which was identified by screening). The hedge cut out the staple/defensive part of the Tesco short and left the sector and stock-specific short (based on earnings revision vs share price recent performance) in place.
An example of the dynamics of hedging was a holding in the UK Equity Market Neutral Fund of vertically integrated paper and packaging group Mondi which was initiated in January 2011. The Mondi side of the pair was the lead idea, and it was initially hedged with the FTSE 250 index to remove market risk (see Fig.5). However, Mondi is a cyclical and emerging market-sensitive stock, and so when it was picked up that the emerging market and materials indices were increasing in influence in the stock market the hedge was switched to the mining sector in February 2011. When the rotation to EM/mining had played out in the market the hedge with the broader index (the FTSE 250) was reinstated. Such careful, considered and dynamic hedging is indicative of the precision with which Insight manage their market-neutral funds.
Extending the range, and Europe
There are a couple of developments for the Specialist Equities team that should be covered: extending the range, and the European dimension. Some investors in long/short funds are prepared to take more risk for a higher potential return than the original UCITS Absolute Insight Fund could offer. The firm was asked to launch a more directional form of the fund, which they did in January 2011 on the BNY Mellon platform. It is called the BNY Mellon Absolute Return Equity Fund. It has twice the gross of the older market-neutral fund and a wider band for the net exposure to markets. The newer fund has £190m under management. This is the fifth Absolute Insight fund – the others are the UK Equity Market Neutral Fund, a credit strategy, a currency strategy and an emerging market debt.
Andy Cawker tells of the European angle for the fund: "In sales terms it has been worth something to us to have UK in the name. Using BNY Mellon distribution, we have had a lot of interest in the fund from Europe, and I'm not sure we could have got that if we had started out with a pan-European mandate. As it is, we can have up to 20% of the gross of the fund invested outside the UK, and so we have added Dave Headland to our team. Dave invests in European shares for us, and used to run a long/short European equity fund. So he adds to our capacity, increases our opportunity set, and is another source of alpha within the team. In addition he can give us some valid comparisons and insight into sectors which are better represented in Continental Europe than in the UK, like the paper stocks."
The Insight Specialist Equities team at one time ran long/short and long-only funds at the same time. That did not last long, and Richard Howarth explains why: "When the three of us got together to run the UK Equity Market Neutral Fund in 2005 we were running segregated pension fund mandates as well as the market neutral fund. We quickly worked out that we did not want to run traditional long-only and long/short funds at the same time. Mentally it can be difficult to short a stock just for a hedge (we may not fundamentally dislike it) in one fund and have to invest in a benchmark position elsewhere. So we stopped running long-only a year after launching the market-neutral fund to concentrate on the long/short fund."
A good fit
The Absolute Insight UK Equity Market Neutral Fund is run by Andy Cawker's team with an investment approach and structure that is a very good fit for the sort of outcomes they are trying to produce. The production of 78% positive months is a testimony to that. The sources of alpha are diversified by number of positions, and by style, as each fund manager is able to bring their own idiosyncratic selection preferences to the process.
The number of positions per portfolio manager enables an intensity of observation that is not possible in a one-man or two-man management team. The consequence is that minor deviations in expected behaviour in either the lead idea side of the pair or its hedge are spotted and assessed/addressed immediately. That routine of intense oversight and the stop loss-discipline and the timing skills in putting positions on gives the funds every chance of fulfilling the necessary operating characteristic of successful equity hedge funds – that is, having a majority of the capital contributing positive returns over any time frame.
There used to be a minor caveat that there was a lot of effort expended to produce low (but consistent) absolute returns. The introduction of the second fund addressed that at a stroke, and that the team now runs nearly £900m is an absolute vindication that there can be a tight correlation between a thoughtful structured approach to generating and structuring alpha sources and commercial success.


V. Vanata singled to shortstop.
C. Demb singled to right field; V. Vanata advanced to third.
J. Sorma flied out to cf, SAC, RBI; V. Vanata scored.
Austin Ladoux singled to left field.
Anthony Villar hit by pitch.
Connor Glick singled to left field, RBI; Anthony Villar advanced to second; Austin Ladoux scored.
Johnny Nate hit by pitch; Connor Glick advanced to second; Anthony Villar advanced to third.
Keith Browning flied out to cf, SAC, RBI; Connor Glick advanced to third; Anthony Villar scored.
Johnny Nate advanced to second; Connor Glick out at third c to 3b, caught stealing, picked off.
C. Barle singled to right field.
E. Pilol hit by pitch.
L. Stoldt singled to center field, RBI; E. Pilol scored.
Josh Smith singled to center field.
V. Vanata singled to center field.
J. Sorma homered to left field, 2 RBI; V. Vanata scored.
Connor Glick reached first on a fielding error by ss; Anthony Villar advanced to second.
Johnny Nate singled to left field, RBI; Connor Glick advanced to second; Anthony Villar scored.
Keith Browning singled to left center, RBI, advanced to second; Johnny Nate advanced to third; Connor Glick scored, unearned.
P. Carlozzi to p for L. Smith.
Keith Browning advanced to third; Johnny Nate scored on a wild pitch.
Josh Smith doubled to left field, RBI; Keith Browning scored.
Alex Young homered to left field, 2 RBI; Josh Smith scored.
Austin Ladoux walked; Matt Williams advanced to second.
D. Baker to p for P. Carlozzi.
Austin Ladoux advanced to second; Matt Williams advanced to third on a wild pitch.
Seth Johnson reached first on a fielding error by 1b, RBI; Austin Ladoux scored, team unearned; Matt Williams scored, team unearned.
Anthony Villar homered to left field, team unearned, 2 RBI; Seth Johnson scored, unearned.
M. Roge to p for D. Baker.
T. Seymou pinch hit for L. Stoldt.
T. Seymou singled to center field.
B. Hartman singled to center field; T. Seymou advanced to second.
J. Garbar to c for T. Seymou.
C. Demb homered to right center, RBI.
C. Mitte doubled to right center.
Seth Johnson doubled to left field, RBI; Matt Williams scored.
Anthony Villar singled to left field; Seth Johnson advanced to third.
K. Browne pinch hit for E. Pilol.
Keith Browning homered to left center, RBI.
Matt Williams singled to left field; Alex Young advanced to second.
M. Schoenma pinch hit for C. Demb.
J. Sorma reached first on a fielding error by ss.
E. Lee pinch hit for C. Mitte.
Ryan Liagre pinch hit for Anthony Villar.
Ryan Blake-Jones pinch hit for Connor Glick.
Ryan Blake-Jones doubled down the lf line.
A. Laikos pinch hit for C. Barle.
A. Laikos singled to center field.
I. Wortman pinch hit for N. Varda.
A. Laikos advanced to second on a wild pitch.
K. Browne singled to left field; I. Wortman advanced to second.
R. Byrne pinch hit for J. Garbar.
T. Casey pinch hit for B. Hartman.
T. Casey walked; K. Browne advanced to second; I. Wortman advanced to third.
G. Ludwig pinch hit for V. Vanata.
K. Mickl to p for M. Roge.
Michael Battistelli pinch hit for Alex Young.
Connor Grice to lf for Seth Johnson.
M. Schoenma singled to center field.
L. Myers singled to right field; M. Schoenma advanced to second.
K. Mickl to p for E. Lee.
A. Laikos homered to left center, 3 RBI; K. Mickl scored; M. Schoenma scored.
Mitch Ashcraft to p for Evan Koning.


text:
Rielly had two assists each
Pridružio se: Mar 05, 2019
Poslato: Sre Apr 17, 2019 2:48 am Naslov: Rielly had two assists each
CALGARY http://www.officialkings.com/authentic-adidas-alex-iafallo-jersey , Alberta (AP) — The team in last place in the West tripped up the conference leaders Monday night.Backup goaltender Jack Campbell made 42 saves in his second shutout of the season as the Los Angeles Kings beat the conference-leading Calgary Flames 3-0.Jonny Brodzinski and defenseman Derek Forbort scored, and Tyler Toffoli added an empty-net goal for Los Angeles, which won its third straight.Campbell earned his first win since Feb. 5 for the Kings, who won't qualify for the postseason."Winning three games in a row now, coming into Calgary with the team they have and getting a win to start the road trip, that's exciting and that's some good hockey right there," Campbell said."We've got to keep that going. If we play like this, it'll be a fun however many games we have left."Flames goaltender Mike Smith made 18 saves.Calgary (47-22-7) held on to the top spot in the Pacific Division.Kings defenseman Drew Doughty was booed whenever he touched the puck at the Saddledome. He told Sportsnet earlier in the day he had "no respect" for Flames forward Matthew Tkachuk. The players have history dating to Tkachuk elbowing Doughty in the head two years ago. Tkachuk served a two-game suspension for the hit.Doughty and Tkachuk tangled early in the third period, with Doughty taking a slashing penalty.After a scoreless second period, Kings center Brodzinski beat Smith with a wrist shot from the top of the circle at 11:51 of the third for a 2-0 lead.Calgary trailed 1-0 after two periods despite outshooting the Kings 31-14."You need everything clicking at this time of the year if you want to have success," Flames head coach Bill Peters said."I don't think we were overly-impressed with our own execution. I thought we could have executed with the puck allowing us to play faster."We gave up one early and ended up chasing the game."Los Angeles ended the first period and opened the second with a two-man advantage, but failed to score.Forbort threaded a soft wrist shot through traffic and beat Smith on the glove side 57 seconds after the opening faceoff."They have crazy talented players and their power-play, I thought we eliminated a lot of their high-end chances because we won some draws and cleared the puck," Campbell said."When you do that Womens Anze Kopitar Jersey , they'll get frustrated."Los Angeles laid 22 hits to Calgary's 11 and kept Flames shots to the perimeter, where Campbell could see them."Obviously, Jack was incredible for us and made some big saves at key moments that kept us in the game," Kings defenseman Dion Phaneuf said."But we wanted to come in and play a good road game against a very good team. They're where they're at in the standings for a reason."They're a deep team, a fast team, they play with structure. I thought we did a really good job tonight and we deserved the win."NOTES: A healthy scratch in three of the last four Kings games, forward Ilya Kovalchuk did not accompany the team on their three-game road swing through Calgary, Edmonton and Vancouver. … Kings coach Willie Desjardins dressed seven defensemen and 11 forwards for Monday's game. … Flames forward Sam Bennett was scratched with an upper-body injury. … Kings forward Kyle Clifford of Ayr, Ontario, played his 600th career game.UP NEXTKings: At Edmonton on Tuesday.Flames: Host the Dallas Stars on Wednesday. PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Claude Giroux scored 1:59 into overtime and the Philadelphia Flyers scored three straight goals in the rain to beat the Pittsburgh Penguins 4-3 on a soggy Saturday night at Lincoln Financial Field.The Flyers and Penguins took one of the NHL's more heated rivalries outdoors and into prime time as part of the Stadium Series showcase. The rink needed a squeegee more than a Zamboni, but nearly 70,000 fans stuck around the home of the Eagles to watch the Flyers play the marquee game on their schedule.The Flyers gave them a win to remember.With rain pounding the ice in third period, the Flyers got going. James van Riemsdyk, playing in his record sixth outdoor game Authentic Derek Forbort Jersey Kids , made it 3-2 on a power-play goal with 3:04 left. Jake Voracek tied it at 3-all with 19.7 seconds left, sending what was left of the sellout crowd into a frenzy.Giroux, the Flyers' All-Star captain, made sure the game didn't last much longer. He slipped the winner past Matt Murray, and the Flyers celebrated in the mist.Brian Elliott made 40 saves for Philadelphia.Sidney Crosby, Justin Schultz and Evgeni Malkin scored for the Penguins. Murray had 33 saves.SABRES 5, CAPITALS 2BUFFALO, N.Y. (AP) Sam Reinhart scored three goals and Buffalo snapped a four-game skid with a victory over Washington.Jack Eichel had two assists in picking up his 66th point — two more than the fourth-year player's career high set last season. Rookie Rasmus Dahlin and Jason Pominville also scored for the Sabres.Carter Hutton stopped 31 shots, and Buffalo snapped a 0-3-1 slump.The Sabres avoided a major scare when leading scorer Jeff Skinner was helped off the ice five minutes into the second period and was unable to place any weight on his left leg. Skinner returned for the start of the third period.Alex Ovechkin scored his league-leading 44th goal for the Capitals, while extending his goal streak to five games. Andre Burakovsky also scored for Washington.RANGERS 5, DEVILS 2NEW YORK (AP) — Ryan Strome had two goals and Chris Kreider and Jimmy Vesey each had a goal and an assist as New York beat New Jersey.Brady Skjei also scored, Mika Zibanejad and Pavel Buchnevich each had two assists, and Alexandar Georgiev made 19 saves for the Rangers.Andy Greene and Kenny Agostino scored, and Cory Schneider had 29 saves for the Devils.Both teams sat key players with the league's trade deadline two days away.BLUES 2 Youth Dion Phaneuf Jersey , BRUINS 1ST. LOUIS (AP) — Sammy Blais scored in the sixth round of the shootout to lift St. Louis past Boston.Alexander Steen scored in regulation for St. Louis, which had a franchise-record 11-game winning streak snapped on Thursday in Dallas. Jordan Binnington stopped 31 shots through overtime and five more in the shootout to improve to 14-2-1.Chris Wagner scored for the Bruins, who had a seven-game win streak snapped but earned a point for the 13th consecutive game. Tuukka Rask made 28 saves.PANTHERS 6, KINGS 1SUNRISE, Fla. (AP) — Aleksander Barkov and Keith Yandle scored on the power play and Florida had three goals in the second period to beat Los Angeles.Jonathan Huberdeau, Vincent Trocheck, Jamie McGinn and Ian McCoshen also scored, and Barkov, Huberdeau and Yandle added assists for the Panthers, who have won four of five and are 10-5-0 in their last 15.Florida's Roberto Luongo stopped 18 shots and tied Ed Belfour for third place in career wins among goaltenders with 484.Dustin Brown scored for the Kings, who dropped their seventh straight. Jonathan Quick stopped 17 of 23 shots before being lifted in the third period. Jack Campbell made two saves in relief.BLUE JACKETS 4, SHARKS 0COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) — Sergei Bobrovsky had 26 saves and recorded his second shutout in two nights, Matt Duchene scored his first goal for his new team and Columbus Blue beat San Jose.Duchene Drew Doughty Jersey , making his home debut after being dealt for a pair of top prospects and draft picks, tapped in a loose puck after a rebound early in the second period to put the Blue Jackets up 2-0.Cam Atkinson had a goal and an assist, and Boone Jenner and Pierre-Luc Dubois also scored for the Blue Jackets, who have won seven of their last 10.Martin Jones had 19 saves for the Sharks before being replaced by Aaron Dell halfway through the third period.HURRICANES 3, STARS 0DALLAS (AP) — Curtis McElhinney made 14 of his 24 saves in the third period for his 10th career shutout, and Carolina blanked Dallas.Lucas Wallmark and Justin Faulk scored early in the first two periods to support McElhinney's second shutout of the season and the Hurricanes' fourth in 10 games. Jordan Martinook added an empty-netter as Carolina won for the fifth time in six games.Ben Biship finished with 28 saves for the Stars, 1-5-1 in their last seven games but still clinging to a Western Conference wild card position with 21 games remaining.AVALANCHE 5, PREDATORS 0NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) — Philipp Grubauer made 38 saves for his first shutout of the season and helped Colorado beat Nashville for its fourth straight victory.Nathan MacKinnon scored two goals and had an assist. Alexander Kerfoot had a goal and two assists, Nikita Zadorov had a goal and an assist and Gabriel Landeskog added a goal for Colorado.Grubauer made the start and got the seventh shutout of his career with Colorado playing its second game in 24 hours.MAPLE LEAFS 6, CANADIENS 3TORONTO (AP) — Zach Hyman scored two goals in the final 1:50 of the third period and Toronto erased an early 3-0 deficit to beat Montreal.William Nylander and Auston Matthews each had a goal and an assist, and Tyler Ennis and Andreas Johnsson also scored for Toronto, which snapped a season-high three-game losing streak. Frederik Andersen stopped 32 shots, and Patrick Marleau http://www.officialkings.com/authentic-adidas-dustin-brown-jersey , Mitch Marner and Morgan Rielly had two assists each.Andrew Shaw and Jeff Petry each had a goal and an assist, and Tomas Tatar scored for Montreal, which had its three-game win streak halted. Carey Price made 31 saves.OILERS 2, DUCKS 1EDMONTON, Alberta (AP) — Josh Currie and Sam Gagner scored and Edmonton beat Anaheim without Oilers captain Connor McDavid, whomissed the game while serving a suspension.Mikko Koskinen made 33 saves for the Oilers, who won their second straight game.Carter Rowney scored for the Ducks, who lost their second straight.ISLANDERS 4, CANUCKS 0VANCOUVER, British Columbia (AP) — Robin Lehner made 36 saves for his fourth shutout of the season as New York blanked Vancouver.Casey Cizikas, Ryan Pulock, Anthony Beauvillier and Cal Clutterbuck scored for the Islanders.Jacob Markstrom had 20 saves for Vancouver, which lost its third straight game.


Every time women see a piece like "The Motherhood Penalty vs the Fatherhood Bonus," you can hear a collective sigh of hopelessness. Reading about the intrinsic bias in the workforce, the glorified way in which fathers are perceived at work in comparison to the "flaky" working mothers, gives us a " no fuel left for this fire" feeling.
When educated professional women stay in the workforce post motherhood, we all win. These are the women with the influence to effect policies and sponsor younger women on the way up. It is nearly impossible to change a system when you are merely looking in the window from the outside.
As a Booz Allen paper explained, "Women's full participation in the world of work is not merely a social good but an economic necessity."The paper sites that if American female employment rates matched male rates, the overall GDP would increase by 5%. Staying in the workforce is one of the most selfless decisions a mother can make.
When companies have strong parental leave policies, everyone benefits. Yet only 10-15% of American companies offer paid paternity leave. As the New York Times reports, countries with paternity leave incentives have a smaller pay gap.
When New York Met Daniel Murphy and LA Dodgers players Scott van Slyke and Carl Crawford took paternity leave in the last year, they didn't just help their families by taking leave, they helped to socialize the future we need – one in which paternity leave is the new normal. Encourage it, evangelize it and become a voice for it in your company.
The numbers don't lie. When women have greater access to childcare, they maintain pay parity with men and drop out at exceedingly lower rates. When women have to make the choice between low quality child care and leaving their paying job to stay at home, the system breaks down. Leaving the workforce means giving up current income and an almost guaranteed end to future earning and job potential, setting up these mothers for an impossible future.
When we all have access to childcare, a mother is less likely to need public assistance and the trickle down bounties are enormous. Your male employer, your husband, your brother…they need to hear that our economy thrives with greater access to childcare. It is not a political argument or a gender issue, it is an economic fact for your company and your country.
Despite what your return to the workforce dreams will tell you, employers don't and likely will never count your PA volunteering as career experience. Worse than not helping, it could be used against you. So if you are out of the workforce, parse your volunteering time into two and use half of it to do a project in your area of expertise. There is no substitute for direct industry experience and contacts.
In case you missed it, feminism is hot. In Beyonce's world tour, sheposted the word "feminist" in giant letters on her stage and a host ofmale celebrities have recently declared themselves card carrying feminists. People are realizing that feminism simply means equality for women.
So be a feminist in your own world. You have the power to change the bias – in your home, with your brother, with your friends. Don't wait to hear a comment to make one. And if you do hear a misogynistic comment, snuff it out right away.
Samantha Ettus is a bestselling author, media personality and speaker focused on work/lifestyle management. Connect with her at@samanthaettus.


text:
Edie Stone, Director of Green Thumb
by Lisa A. Fraser Queens Ledger
Dec 15, 2011 | 15873 views | 0 | 68 | |
Red Hook resident Edie Stone calls it a "kind of a funny story" about how she rose through the ranks to become the director one of New York City's most known urban agriculture agencies, Green Thumb.
"I was majoring in comparative religion at Barnard College, my goal was to become a professor but I realized that's not what I wanted to do," said the Indiana native.
After she completed her undergraduate studies, she decided to switch routes and obtain a Master's in natural resource management given her long-time love of nature.
From there she had escaped New York for a bit but returned in 1991. She managed to obtain a job as a park ranger – but it was something she said she hated.
"It didn't suit my personality," she said. "We had to wear uniforms and there was a lot of enforcement."
As luck would have it, she ran into a friend with whom she attended grad school. He told her about a position at Grow NYC working with community gardens.
"I didn't know anything about community gardens, but I spun myself at the interview and managed to convince them to hire me," she said.
There, she worked with longtime farmers who needed help fixing up their gardens and getting resources. "I completely fell in love with it," she said. "It's good that I didn't know anything about gardens because I learned all I needed to learn there."
It was there she fell in love with many of the city's gardeners.
"It's all about them, a lot of what they do is inspirational," she said.
In 1998, when then-mayor Rudy Giuliani wanted to auction off the city's gardens, Stone became an on-the-ground activist for the gardeners, helping them organize by creating petitions and sending letters to various elected officials. It was this spirit that led her to Green Thumb in a position shaped to match her: organizational director.
Part of the Department of Parks and Recreation, the agency offers materials and education to roughly 600 community gardens around the five boroughs.
In 2001, she was made director of Green Thumb.
"I spend a substantial amount of time talking to people around the world, so many people are into expanding urban agriculture all over the place," she said.
It's a position which she says suits her well because she still gets to be around the people she admires: the gardeners. "They come from all over and it's great to hear their stories," she said. "A lot of them never do it for themselves, they do it to teach kids, seniors and to make their neighborhood better."


text:
package ru.atom.http.server;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.eclipse.jetty.util.ConcurrentArrayQueue;

import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
import javax.ws.rs.FormParam;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.QueryParam;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

@Path("/chat")
public class ChatResource {
    private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(ChatResource.class);

    private static final ConcurrentArrayQueue<String> logined = new ConcurrentArrayQueue<>();
    private static final ConcurrentArrayQueue<String> chat = new ConcurrentArrayQueue<>();

    @POST
    @Consumes("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    @Path("/login")
    public Response login(@QueryParam("name") String name) {
        if (name.length() > 30) {
            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity("Too long name, sorry :(").build();
        }
        if (name.toLowerCase().contains("gitler")) {
            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity("Gitler not allowed, sorry :(").build();
        }
        if (logined.contains(name)) {
            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity("Already logined").build();
        }
        log.info("[" + name + "] logined");
        logined.add(name);
        chat.add("[" + name + "] joined");
        return Response.ok().build();
    }

    @GET
    @Produces("text/plain")
    @Path("/online")
    public Response online() {
        return Response.ok(String.join("\n", logined)).build();
    }

    @POST
    @Consumes("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
    @Path("/say")
    public Response say(@QueryParam("name") String name, @FormParam("msg") String msg) {
        if (!logined.contains(name)) {
            return Response.status(Response.Status.UNAUTHORIZED).entity("Not logined").build();
        }
        if (msg == null) {
            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity("No message provided").build();
        }
        if (msg.length() > 140) {
            return Response.status(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST).entity("Too long message").build();
        }
        log.info("[" + name + "]: " + msg);
        chat.add("[" + name + "]: " + msg);
        return Response.ok().build();
    }

    @GET
    @Produces("text/plain")
    @Path("/chat")
    public Response chat() {
        return Response.ok(String.join("\n", chat)).build();
    }
}


text:
Q: how do i take step reverse while doing debugging in eclipse ide for java it happens to me many times: I'm stepping with the debugger through my code, and ups! i made one step too far! Debugging, and made one step over too far
what now? restart the whole debugging session?
actually, there is a way to go 'backwards'

A: The feature is called 'Drop to frame' right click on any line in stack, choose 'Drop to frame' and you go back to selected method beginning
https://help.eclipse.org/2021-03/index.jsp?topic=/org.eclipse.jdt.doc.user/reference/views/debug/ref-droptoframe.htm
You can only jump to the start of the current function . Please keep that in mind.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
17 Photographers Reveal the Hardest Life Lesson They Learned When Starting Out
By Alison Zavos on January 26, 2016
Photographer Ami Vitale with a rhinoceros friend
Ami Vitale: Failure is a tough lesson. It hurts but the best thing that comes out of it is the honesty it brings.
© Carolyn Marks Blackwood
Carolyn Marks Blackwood: I was very lucky early on when a famous curator discovered my work and put me in a show in Chelsea. Some Artist and photographer friends were shocked and even dismissive after this lucky turn of events. I had a very good painter friend who just did not talk to me for a year. I confronted her and asked if she had even looked at my work and she said no. When she did, she apologized to me. My advice to new photographers is to just put your head down and do the work- If the work is good, perhaps something good will happen- but the love of the work has to be enough. But when something good does happen, do not be surprised when the human nature of others comes out. Jealousy and desperation are a bad cologne. People must remember that when something good happens to another artist, that does not take away from them! It should encourage them!
The hardest internal life lesson as a photographer was that the soul of a photograph trumps technical perfection. I was very insecure about my technical abilities in the beginning, but I had a point of view that was my own. Technical things can be learned over time, but a personal vision, the essence that touches the viewer's heart in a photograph, comes from a place that is unique and personal in each person, and that cannot be taught.
Pigeons, snakeskin and photo filters, 2014 © Tealia Ellis Ritter
Tealia Ellis Ritter: The hardest life lesson I learned when starting out as a photographer is that rejection is a healthy part of the process. It is important to believe in your vision and chart your own course. I used to take it personally if my work wasn't selected for a show or publication, but now I realize that that isn't necessarily an indication of the strength of the work but rather a reflection of the curator's personal taste and the vision they are trying to realize. Rejection has also helped motivate me at times to push myself when the work really did need to evolve. You also have to find your audience. Like everything in life, taste varies, and that's ok.
Self-portrait © Leon Borensztein
Leon Borensztein: That as a portrait photographer I cannot seem to please my subjects. The unsightly ones think I make them look unattractive and the gorgeous ones think I make them look unsightly. It seems that most people believe that what they see in the mirror is much better rendition of themselves than my portraits. Why did I choose this profession? I could be a prima-ballerina.
Image © Sophie Gamand, from the book Wet Dog
Sophie Gamand: Things don't happen to you if you don't put yourself out there. And you just can't control everything, which is a great thing! I used to overthink a lot and stop myself from doing the things I wanted to be doing. I would find excuses; I would scare myself out of them. The day I stopped fearing or anticipating, and started actually doing, I shot Wet Dog, the series that would change my life forever. You just never know where a project will take you, so when the desire is there, just act on it: make that trip, take that photo, organize that shoot. When I shot Wet Dog I was working on a different project, but I was at the groomer and the dogs' expressions in the bath were captivating, so I snapped away. Could I have planned this shoot the way it happened, with that light, that background, those dogs? I worked with what I had that day, and let go of my inner critic. That series went viral, won me awards, including a Sony World Photography Award, got me a book deal, and kickstarted my career. I could have never planned all that. So stop over-planning and start doing!
Portrait of Christopher Rimmer © Jacquie van Staden
Christopher Rimmer: The hardest lesson I leaned when I started out was not to take rejection personally. I found the indifference of gallery curators extremely upsetting, but it eventually strengthened my resolve. I always advise photographers starting out to follow their own vision, do photography for themselves, forget the audience and to never give up. If you are true to yourself and constantly evolve artistically, eventually people will begin to notice you.
Refugee children peer in through the window at the International Medical Corps (IMC) facility in the Domiz Camp for Syrian Refugees near Dohuk, Iraq on Nov. 22, 2013. © Ed Kashi
Ed Kashi: That your fate can easily be taken out of your hands if you allow it.
Bruce Gilden: The inability to make a living while doing something you love.
Ed Templeton: Just understanding the camera and how it sees. F-stops and shutter speeds are second nature now, but I remember first learning and how when that moment comes, and there's something happening and it's "go time," and you need to shoot on the fly and adjust your camera, how you can panic and mess it up. The life lesson is that anxiety, waiting for your shots to develop and finding out you messed up exposure completely an ruined the shot. The bitterness of that makes you learn real quickly how to work your camera and stay calm.
Tony Mendoza: As an unknown photographer, galleries won't let you make an appointment to see your work. The only way to get around this is for someone in the gallery stable to recommend you. Likewise, magazines won't take a chance on you unless you have an extensive body of work done for other magazines. It's a catch 22.
Image © Richard Tuschman
Richard Tuschman: I can think of two. First, you cannot please everyone, and your audience is not going to include everyone. Find your voice, make the work you need to make, and let the work find your audience. Second, you never "arrive;" you are always on the journey. You have to keep constantly searching, learning, and reinventing yourself. There is no auto-pilot.
Plane passes before a super blood moon partial eclipse © 2015 Ken Schles
Ken Schles: Photography has brought home to me the fact that we live in a world of images. We "know" the world through its image. There is the story of the blind men and the elephant. We can agree that we need distance to see something clearly, but as Robert Capa said, "If your pictures aren't good enough, you aren't close enough." The psychologist Erich Fromm said that photography is an alienating activity. The connection to seeing and knowing and the irreconcilable contradictory distances involved in photography, both physically, emotionally and intellectually makes photographic practice difficult. You have to be constantly moving and checking your distance.
Images are apparitions, ghosts. I think ghosts are best dealt with directly. Photography allows us to confront our ghosts directly while creating new ones. Photography allows us to negotiate through a dense field of abstractions, many not so easily described simply by surface manifestations. It's a fine line we walk with the camera. Images we make with cameras give us stops and starts, misdirections to work through. Our images act like sentries to guard against reality while tantalizing us with an idea of what is possible and real, smoothing a way towards understanding. Images and imagination modified by reality are in an endless dance. Photography gives us snapshots of that dance. Ostensibly, photography is understood in relation to a social framework that we are constantly updating in our minds. And what difficult (ongoing) life lesson could be better provided than that?
Andi Schreiber: When I started my career in newspapers I quickly learned that a photographer is only as good as his or her last photograph. In other words, the fabulous photograph that made it to the front page today will be lining the bottom of a birdcage tomorrow. While this encourages a very strong work ethic it also feeds a certain type of neurosis among photographers. For better or worse, I still feel the same way although I'm no longer a newspaper photographer! If I haven't made a photograph that I love in a while I'm a depressed mess. I try to remind myself that life often interrupts and take precedence over making art. I'm slowly starting to be more accepting of my own limitations and ride out these less productive periods knowing that the urge to produce new work will return.
Mother and Daughter Framed, Massapequa, NY 1974, © Meryl Meisler from the book Purgatory & Paradise SASSY '70s Suburbia & The City
Meryl Meisler: In 1975 I wanted to study with Lisette Model, a wonderful photographer and Diane Arbus's mentor. In order to be considered for Lisette's call at The New School, you had to show her a portfolio. There was a big line of people wanting to be admitted to her course. I brought my portfolio of Long Island photographs. Lisette paused at an image of my friends' mother and grandmother standing side by side in their living room. The women are wearing nearly identical radiant smiles, blond hair, long pant suits, with their arms open wide in front of their living room coach alongside symmetrical side tables and lamps. Lisette picked up the print to show to everyone in line and exclaimed aloud "You should show this to John Szarkowski!" (Director of Photography at MoMA) and allowed me into her class. I never brought the work to show Szarkowski. I was too shy. Life lesson learned and still learning- time doesn't stand still (except in a photograph). Hear the encouragement from others and from your small voice within. Have the courage to show your work to curators, gallerists, and the world. I am still shy but finally mustering the courage four decades later. That photograph and series Lisette spoke so enthusiastically about is out in the world and published in Purgatory & Paradise SASSY '70s Suburbia & The City (Bizarre Publishing 2015).
Image © Robin Schwartz, from the book Amelia and the Animals
Robin Schwartz: A missed opportunity –situations must be photographed as they present themselves, there are no real make-ups, everything changes and everyone dies. Sorry, I can be quite morbid.
© Andrea DiCenzo
Andrea DiCenzo: I think learning to trust in your own vision is a really important lesson. I think that's a life thing as well. It's not unique to photographers. There have been times when I've been really broke – like refreshing my account balance a few times a day to see if a payment's hit, eating plain rice sort of broke – on top of being in the middle of some city where you don't know anyone and think, 'what am I doing here?' Those are the times that you have to trust yourself the most. Or trust in the you that started down that path.
Michal Solarski: When I took up photography, I was convinced that once I gathered the courage to show my work to people in the industry, it will be instantly noticed and recognised. Now I know that the process is very slow and that it requires much more hard work, self-discipline, and determination than I'd first imagined. Also, I've learned over the years how important networking and submerging yourself in the world of photography is if you really want to succeed.
21 Photographers Divulge Their Pet-Peeves
One Photographer's Fight for the Hudson River in New York
The Skillshare Class That Changed How I Think About Photography
One Young Photographer on Reshaping the World Through Powerful Images (Sponsored)


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Who wants to take over as first mate of the Titanic?
Post iceberg encounter, that is.
That's the question now confronting President Trump and his scandal-scarred administration.
This president started his administration with a mediocre team — and now he's trading down.
You could count his original stars on a sloth's toes: Defense Secretary Jim Mattis, United Nations Ambassador Nikki Haley, and chief economic adviser Gary Cohn. Others, like Rex Tillerson, Trump's first secretary of state, and Reince Priebus, his first chief of staff, were decent people, but obviously in leagues over their heads.
Still others were obvious disasters waiting to happen. Put in that category disgraced National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, cashiered EPA chief Scott Pruitt, and extravagant, high-flying Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price.
Then there were the dogmatists and ideologues, the mediocrities and incompetents. An incomplete list of the inventory in that cupboard would include trade adviser Peter Navarro , Gollum-like chief strategist Steve Bannon, senior policy adviser Stephen Miller, Education Secretary Betsey DeVos, and family sinecurists Ivanka and Jared.
A normal administration's governing arc sees the incompetent or ill-suited appointments weeded out over time, with more able people taking over as they leave. That's more or less what happened when Priebus was ushered out as chief of staff in favor of General John Kelly.
But Trump quickly tires of people who aren't footmen or flatterers, and so he grew weary of Kelly. Problem: This controversy-clouded president is beyond the point where he can attract good or even adequate replacements. We saw that when 36-year-old Nick Ayers, chief of staff for Vice President Mike Pence, turned him down for what is usually a career-making promotion.
Even without the controversies that swirl around this president, anyone of true talent has to be leery about working for him, particularly in a White House staff job. To do so is to risk one's integrity, principles, and dignity in the service of a man who can't meet a margin call in any of those characterological categories.
Add in special counsel Robert Mueller's investigations, and joining Team Trump is akin to diving head first into a pit of quicksand. You may well find yourself expected to do things that would taint you forever. That was the case with White House counsel Don McGahn, whom Trump ordered to fire Mueller — and who had to threaten to quit to forestall that command. Or you may be called before a grand jury and have to lawyer up at your own expense. At the very least, if you speak your mind and stand your ground, you'll end up being privately browbeaten, and quite possibly publicly disparaged, by your boss.
The Trump cult already has serf-like supporters aplenty, those who aren't swayed or dismayed by facts or scandals or lies. But now, with Kelly's impending departure, look for the crucial White House chief of staff position to lurch in the direction of blindly loyal sycophancy too.


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HomeLottman
Lottman
Travel Tuesday – Calvary Cemetery, Leetonia, Ohio
February 18, 2014 May 15, 2016 joelowry1982 Cemetery, Lottman, Lowry, McSweeney, Paternal, Pepperney, Travel Tuesday
May 25, 2012 was a beautiful spring day. I was in Ohio to attend the wedding of my cousin Michelle and decided to spent a few hours on the road in Columbiana County, Ohio. Thanks to my iPhone, doubling as my camera and GPS, I was quick to locate Calvary Cemetery in Leetonia. Calvary is the final resting place of any number of paternal ancestors, namely Lottmans, Lowrys, and Pepperneys. I was able to locate these graves after 20 minutes of wandering, followed by several questions of a groundskeeper, and then just one minute of walking. This old grizzled cemetery veteran knew the location of their graves down to the row number.
An unknown Lowry family stone. There are no flat markers around it and no other names on the stone. Because of this, it's hard to confirm who is buried here. There is no records office for this cemetery. I believe either or perhaps both Michael Lowry (1868 – 1949) and his father Michael (1830? – 1928) and their wives are buried here.
This is the grave of Anastasia Lowry McSweeney. She was a daughter of Michael Lowry Jr. and Anna Lottman Lowry. At the age of 24, she died of sarcoma of the hip. She left behind a 1-year-old son Joseph and an estranged husband.
Martin and Margaret Lottman are my 3rd great grandparents. They are buried just feet from the Lowry marker and their granddaughter Anastasia McSweeney.
The only markers for individuals known to those still living (in this case, a few aunts and uncles) are the next three. My great great grandfather George Peter Pepperney died on Christmas day 1962.
Eleanor J. Pepperney and her sister Katherine E. are buried next to each and next to their parents. Neither married. My aunts and uncles have many memories of aunt Katherine.
All of these graves are in a single area very close to one another just inside the cemetery entrance. The yellow dot is the approximate location as I can best remember two years after visiting the cemetery.
Sunday's Obituary – Anna Lottman Lowry
November 3, 2013 May 15, 2016 joelowry1982 Lottman, Lowry, Obituary, Paternal
Mrs. Michael Lowry Succumbs in Hospital…
The Vindicator published this obituary of my great great grandmother Anna Lottman Lowry on May 7, 1945, two days after her death at Salem Hospital. Born in Germany, she married Michael around 1890. Interestingly, in my massive collection of Lowry family photos, I have not one of Anna (at least that I can identify) and only one of Michael. Since they had five children who survived at least into the 1970's, I'm hoping that someone out there has additional photos of them.
"Mrs. Michael Lowry Succumbs in Hospital," Youngstown Vindicator, Section 1, Page 16. May 7 1945, accessed November 3, 2013. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kQtJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=A4MMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1460,1861252&dq=leetonia+michael-lowry&hl=en
Document of the Day: 1924 Death Certificate of Margaret Lottman
September 27, 2012 May 15, 2016 joelowry1982 Document, Lottman, Paternal
Margaret Lottman was born Margaret Bretchel on 8 March 1844 in Germany. According to this death certificate, she died on 28 July 1924 having aged 80 years, 4 months and 19 days.
Released that day was a Time Magazine cover featuring William Sproule, who had merged the Southern Pacific Railroad, of which he was President, with the Central Pacific. This merger created the largest railroad in the country. An afternoon game saw the Pittsburgh Pirates beat the Boston Braves 5-2 at Braves Stadium in Boston with future Hall of Famer Pie Traynor playing 3rd base.
Margaret's cause of death was general carcinomatosis (cancer that had spread throughout the body). She was attended to by Dr. Gary Byers. Her son Charles made the report. She was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Salem, Ohio two days after her death.
Margaret Bretchel Lottman's headstone at Mount Calvary Cemetery
(picture by Joe Lowry, taken 25 May 2012)
Relationship to me:
Margaret Bretchel (1844- 1924)
mother of:
Anna F. Lottman (1869 – 1945)
father of:
Charles Edward Lowry (1899 – 1975)
Charles James Lowry (1924 – 2007)
Patrick Edward Lowry
Joseph Patrick Lowry
"Ohio, Deaths, 1908-1953," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/X6M4-7Z7 : accessed 27 Sep 2012), Margaret Lottman, 1924; citing reference fn 38118, Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio.


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3rd Movement: A Short, Loaded Development; A Return that Embellishes and Further Intensifies the Opening
Exploring Beethoven's Piano Sonatas Part 5
5 (42 ratings)
Welcome to Exploring Beethoven's Piano Sonatas Part 5! You're joining thousands of learners currently enrolled in the course. I'm excited to have you in the class and look forward to your contributions to the learning community. To begin, I recommend taking a few minutes to explore the course site. Review the material we'll cover each week, and preview the assignments you'll need to complete to pass the course. Click Discussions to see forums where you can discuss the course material with fellow students taking the class. If you have questions about course content, please post them in the forums to get help from others in the course community. For technical problems with the Coursera platform, visit the Learner Help Center. Good luck as you get started, and I hope you enjoy the course!
fantastic like the previous four parts - strongly recommended to anyone interested in classical music!
This is an excellent course and Jonathan Biss is a superb instructor!
Op. 106: Hammerklavier (Part 2)
3rd Movement: Tragedy on an Unequaled Scale3:46
3rd Movement: Setting the Scene with One Measure – and One Third3:06
3rd Movement: Giving the Work's Main Ideas a Tragic Affect9:05
3rd Movement: Moments of Consolation amidst Despair6:43
3rd Movement: A Short, Loaded Development; A Return that Embellishes and Further Intensifies the Opening9:00
3rd Movement: Not Hope, but the End of Hope9:53
4th Movement: A Half-Step as a Way Forward4:00
4th Movement: Finding the Way to Order by way of Chaos7:55
4th Movement: A Labyrinthine Subject for a Dizzyingly Complex Fugue6:18
4th Movement: Turning the Subject Stubborn through Augmentation3:31
4th Movement: More Madness; Another Prominent Half-Step; The Subject in Retrograde7:43
4th Movement: A Brief Oasis of Calm2:41
4th Movement: Craggy, Ambiguous and Defiant to the End10:27
Neubauer Family Chair in Piano Studies
♫ Agony which will only grow more intense as this movement continues. As that was the closing theme, inevitably, inevitably, we are now ready for the development. As is often the case with Beethoven, this development is not long – in fact, it is downright short when compared directly to the massive exposition. But it lacks for nothing. It may not balance the exposition in its length, but it more than holds its own on account of its emotional depth and the density of its events. Harmonically speaking, it manages to cycle through D Major, C sharp Major, E flat Major, g sharp minor – distant keys, all – before doing the work of bringing us back to bitterest f sharp minor. And all of this harmonic movement occurs in the context of what is possibly the most obsessive use of the falling thirds in the whole piece. Let me play a bit of it. ♫ Those four note figures, ♫ may sound like a falling third and then a rising interval. But the rising interval in question is a sixth, which is really just a falling third, turned upside down. ♫ So that last passage ♫ is really just a barely modified version of this. ♫ Third after third after third after third. The opening of Brahms's 4th symphony, by the way, ♫ that has to be an homage to this, I'm sure of it. Finally, inevitably, this never-ending chain of thirds does lead us home. ♫ Even though Beethoven marks this passage "smorzando" – "fading away" – the dominant itself is strong. We know, terribly, that we are headed to the recapitulation… And what a recapitulation! It begins with what is probably the most thoroughly and remarkably transformed version of a theme that Beethoven ever wrote. (I'm speaking of themes that come within the context of a sonata movement – variations, which are really ONLY about transformations of themes – are another story altogether.) I am very reluctant to call this "decoration" or "embellishment" because that somehow trivializes what is happening here: the somewhat constricted, shut-in opening theme now finds its full expression. Its thirty-second notes wander the upper register of the keyboard, asking questions without answers, the muted grief of the opening transformed into open-throated anguish. ♫ To play this, in context, is an experience like no other. You are swallowed up by the force of the feeling of the music. Somehow, the experience only grows MORE overwhelming. In spite of being so heavily embellished, the return of the first theme area is in essence a literal one, with every bar and every harmony reiterated. So, inevitably, the G Major phrase ♫ which comes twice in the opening, comes twice in the return as well. And on its second appearance, it launches an excruciatingly long ritardando, extending both the G Major moment of hope, and the snuffing out of that hope that follows. ♫ That silence – that moment at which the music breaks down, unresolved – occurred the first time around. ♫ But now, as the culmination – or, rather, non-culmination, because it offers no resolution – of that long, long ritardando, the sense of not resignation, but dejection, has reached a whole new level. This makes the listener all the more grateful for what follows. In the exposition, the bridge section that followed that silence "resolved" the music – it provided the desolate f sharp minor cadence that the preceding music was leading up to. ♫ Here, in the parallel moment in the recapitulation, comes a ray of hope, in the form of a deceptive cadence: D Major. ♫ I'll say it for the 100th time: context and expectation are everything in music. And it is our expectation, based on the context of what happened in the exposition, and on the overwhelmingly tragic nature of what has just occurred, that makes this emergence of D Major feel like such a gift, such a life raft.


loveisspeed.......: Looking Back at Cara Delevingne...... Cara Delevingne may be retiring from modeling, but her editorial legacy will live on. Here, a few of our favorite photos from the W archives.
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FOF #2180 – Hell Yes to Hell Town!
What happens when you mash up a soap opera with a horror film? You get Hell Town, a place where all the hot jocks you knew in high school get sliced and diced by the Letter Jacket Killer.
Today the film's director Steve Balderson joins us to talk about incorporating soap opera themes into a slasher film, what he learned from the late great actor Karen Black.
By the time the technology gets there, your mind will be inside the interactive film you just programmed. It will be full immersion virtual reality. Film as a traditional static, passive medium of entertainment will all but disappear.
With AT&T Next you can get a new phone every year. It's not for folks looking to save. It's for folks who can't wait 2 years to get a new phone. My friend signed up for it, but I think it's absurd. He's paying an extra $30 per month just so he can get every iteration of the iPhone. As I understand it, you don't own the phone either, so at the end of the contract, you can't sell it on Gazelle for cash, as I always do.
Can't sell the iPhone you paid for?! OH HELL NO… Android is looking much much better these days.


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Filter's Richard Patrick: Why I Quit Nine Inch Nails Before They Exploded
Joe DiVita Published: September 23, 2020
Wind Up Records / Photo by Myriam Santos // Kevin RC Wilson, Loudwire
In 1993, Richard Patrick left Nine Inch Nails to form Filter. At the time, he was a touring member of the group and his departure came right before the release of The Downward Spiral, which hit No. 2 on the Billboard 200 and landed NIN on some the world's biggest stages. So why did Patrick leave? He revealed as much on the "Stop! Drop & Talk" podcast.
Patrick's time spent in Nine Inch Nails was strictly as a touring musician and he first joined as the industrial group was set to open for The Jesus and Mary Chain in 1990. Remaining on board for the rest of the Pretty Hate Machine touring cycle, the guitarist began contemplating his exit from the band for a myriad of reasons, including finances and personal aspirations.
On the podcast, the Filter mastermind recalled his early experience with the Trent Reznor-led group, which he said was the only time in his life that he ever had a boss. The band had performed at the very first Lollapalooza festival and linked up with Guns N' Roses on a European tour, which didn't sit well with GN'R fans. "[Those shows were] kind of a weird thing, because no one in Europe knew us at the time, and they actually booed us off the stage, which was crazy. Imagine Nine Inch Nails being booed off the stage," Patrick said (transcription via Blabbermouth).
Life on the road was a far cry from growing up in a major city in America's midwest.
"[Trent Reznor and I] were just two knuckleheads from Cleveland, Ohio — we were not big yet," said Patrick, "But eventually, we did get big and there was a point in time where Trent just kind of looked at me, and I said, 'Wow, you're going down to New Orleans to go live in this beautiful house that you're getting, and I'm gonna go back to my mom and dad's house.' And Trent goes, 'Well, go write a record.' And I was, like, 'Wow!' What do you say to that?"
Further detailing the moment, Patrick continued, "[Reznor] goes, 'You should have seen your face. 'Cause you were kind of pissed at first, and then you were, like, 'No. I should.'' He said that to me in Paris. And I remember thinking to myself I'm gonna literally go back and eat out of my mom and dad's kitchen every night, and this guy is gonna go off and write Broken and whatever else he was gonna go work on. But I sat there and I took his words of advice, which was, 'Go do something.' His advice was, 'Go get off your ass and do something. Don't wait for me to do it. Don't wait for me to write a record without you. Just go off and do it.'"
The erstwhile Nine Inch Nails guitarist noted that he had made the decision to leave the group while on a mushroom trip in the Grand Canyon as Reznor readied work for the album that became The Downward Spiral. Meanwhile, Patrick was sorting out a record deal with Warner Bros. before announcing his exit.
As he weighed his decision, one moment in particular pushed him further toward pursuing a career in music of his own. Patrick relayed, "But the final straw was Trent going, 'Hey, listen, Rich, I know you need some extra cash. Listen. Down at the end of [the street], there's a little pizzeria, and they need drivers. So maybe you can go make some extra cash over there. And I'm, like, 'Wow!'"
The timing, however, was convenient.
"This was when I had [Filter's] 'Hey Man, Nice Shot' was written, and I had five record companies ready to sign me," Patrick looked back, "And I was, like, 'Hey, dude, I hate to tell you this now, but I quit. And I'm so sorry. But I fucking quit. I'm not gonna sell pizzas and I'm not gonna drive for a [pizzeria]."
Although he acknowledges he has made mistakes since leaving Nine Inch Nails and he's entirely grateful for the path he opted to take. "There is nothing like being your own boss. Since that day, I have literally woken up, and the only person I have to answer to is myself or my wife and my kids," he affirmed.
In 1995, Filter's first album, Short Bus, was released, aided by the smash hit "Hey Man Nice Shot." The record was certified Gold by the RIAA later that year and by 1997 it had gone platinum. The band's following album, Title of Record, would go on to accomplish the same feat.
Richard Patrick on "Stop! Drop & Talk" Podcast
The Top Hard Rock + Metal Albums of the 1990s
Filed Under: Filter, Nine Inch Nails, Richard Patrick
Categories: News, Rock


As a young man, I traveled around the country as a salesman. Sometimes I would be away from home for five or six weeks at a time. As I came to the end of my trip, I would wake in the morning out of a sound sleep and for a few moments puzzle as to what city or town I was in.
Someday, every man or woman will go to sleep for the last time on this earthly scene, and wake as they have never awakened before. They will wake up in eternity.
My friend, I tremble for you if you are not saved, the thought of such an awakening is terrifying!
How can you avoid such a fate? There is only one way. Jesus said "I am the way, … no man cometh to the Father but by Me." Jesus said, "Except a man be born again he cannot see the kingdom of God". John 3:36 says, "He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life; and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him". John 1:12 says, "But as many as received Him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name". My friend, settle this issue right now. Do not put it off for one more second. Where will you wake up after you have closed your eyes for the last time on earth? .


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News | Entertainment
Home > News > Entertainment
Ashlee Simpson is "so proud" of her sister Jessica for sharing the "truth with the world" in her new memoir
The 35-year-old singer-songwriter praised her older sibling for becoming a best-selling author with her new autobiography 'Open Book' - in which she shared her high-profile relationships with Nick Lachey and John Mayer, her battle with booze and how she was sexually abused as a child - over the weekend
Taking to her Instagram account, Ashlee wrote: "I am so very proud of my beautiful, brave, kind, loving sister!!! It's beautiful to see you sharing your truth with the world. You are so inspiring.
"I love you so much. You are a #1 best selling author (sic)"
To which Jessica, 39, replied: "I could not have done any of this without your eternal love and endless support!!! Your bravery in life has taught me how to bandage up my wings and FLY I love you (sic)"
The 'Employee of the Month' star later took to her own Instagram page to thank her followers for their support after the New York Times newspaper gave her the top spot on the best seller list.
She wrote: "This is me singing "Hallelujah" down the hall after finding out my truth not only set me free, but set the lives of so many readers and listeners of Open Book free... Meeting thousands and thousands of you these past 2 weeks has given purpose to my life all over again.
"My smile was real, my hugs were true, and these memories I will hold so close to my heart forever.
"Thank y'all for helping my bravery break unexpected records and giving me the chance to be heard as a #1 BEST SELLING AUTHOR!!! This is a moment for all of us to share, always and forever, your best friend...Jess (sic)," followed by a green heart emoji.
In the book, Jessica admitted that she became hooked on diet pills after she was allegedly told to lose weight by her record boss Tommy Mottola at the age of just 17.
Jessica said that "he wanted to sign me" but he allegedly told her: "You gotta lose 15 pounds."
When Jessica questioned his remark, he reportedly replied: "That's what it takes to be Jessica Simpson."
Straight after the meeting, Jessica - who was 5ft3 and weighed 118lbs at the time - went on a "strict diet".
She explained: "I immediately went on a strict diet. And I started taking diet pills, which I would do for the next 20 years."
Her relationship with her body became so bad that she was put on sleeping pills because she started hearing voices.
She said: "I started hearing voices when I was alone at night, waiting for the sleeping pill to kick in 'Do more sit-ups, fat a**.' By the time we got to the release of my second album single 'Irresistible', I was down to 103 pounds. Everyone went on about how great I looked, but I couldn't enjoy it because I was so freaking hungry."
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