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Vintage School Free Online Wine Course
Vintage School 1.1
Vintage School 2.10
Vintage School Appendix 1
Vintage School Appendix 2.1
Contact Us FREE CALL 1800 069 295 Outside Australia 613 9848 1153 sales@nicks.com.au Store Location
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Wine Course.
This course was first researched and written by Nick Chlebnikowski in 1998 and was originally available by subscription only. Vintage Direct have now made the course available free of charge to wine lovers everywhere, at the same time updating information where necessary and enhancing the contents with current scientific research, winemaker's contributions, video, interaction, tasting aids, flavour charts and more. Not all chapters are presently online, but will be made available throughout the year. New chapter additions will be posted on the Vintage Direct homepage as they come online. (Available pages are linked below.) The course outline is as follows:
0.1 Introduction & Acknowledgments
Section 1. The Senses
1.1 The Study of Survival and Self Indulgence
1.2 Taste: The Construction of the Mouth
1.3 Taste Categories: Myths & Modern Research
1.4 Smell: Early Research & Culture
1.5 Hitching a Ride with the Molecules: The Mechanics of Smell
1.6 Disorders & Aberrations of Smell & Taste
1.7 Pheromones & Other Smell Oddities
Section 2. Making Wine
2.1 Introduction to Wine making
2.2 Major Australian Red Grape Varieties
2.3 Major Australian White Grape Varieties
2.4 Experimental Grape Varieties in Australia
2.5 Climate & Wine Quality
2.6 Sulphur Dioxide or Preservative Free?
2.7 Yeasts & Primary Fermentation
2.8 Making Red Wine
2.9 Making White Wine
2.10 Making Sparkling Wine
2.11 Making Fortified Wine
2.12 Sauternes & Sticky Wines
2.13 Barrel Maturation & Wine Flavour
2.14 Corks & Cork Taint
2.15 Wine Faults & Flaws
Section 3. Tasting Wine
3.1 Perception & Persuasion
3.2 Flavour Components of Wine
3.3 Wine Colour & the Limits of Visual Assessments
3.4 Physical Art of Wine Tasting
3.5 Contemporary Approaches to Wine Evaluation
3.6 The Winespider System
3.7 Decanting Wine
3.8 Corkscrews
3.9 Wine Labels
3.10 Glossary of Wine Tasting Terms
3.11 Cellaring Wine
Section 4. Matching Food & Wine
4.1 The Development of Food Preferences
4.2 Attitudes Towards Wine & Food and The Birth of Self Indulgence
4.3 Practical Approaches to Wine & Food Pairing
4.4 Asian Foods & Spices
1. Assigned Chemical Compounds
2. Classification of Common Wine Odours (A - K)
3. Classification of Common Wine Odours (L - Z)
0.1 Introduction to the Vintage School Wine Course
Each day I am approached by people who wish to learn more about wine - and not just what wine to drink with tonight's meal, but an eagerness to discover wine from a historical and scientific point of view as well. In response to this need, the first installment of the Vintage School wine course was researched and written over a period of four years, beginning in 1998. Much has happened since that time, and as a result, the new format presented here already includes many updates, additions and edits from the team at Vintage Direct.
While the first section of this course may initially appear out of place in a study of wine, I do encourage students to start at the beginning so that the fundamentals are understood. This section includes a study of smell and taste as a sensation, a perception, and a purposeful experience. The senses of smell and taste are after all, the equipment with which we discriminate between good or bad in wine (and food). An awareness of how we do this is important if we wish to improve our skills of discrimination in taste and smell. We then move on to improve by practice and effort. This study is far from a definitive account of the senses of smell and taste - its scope has been necessarily limited. This is not to say it deals with the obvious - some concepts may be difficult to understand. Never mind, grasp the key points and hang in, as bit by bit the way smell and taste work will evolve. We'll travel through many disciplines, and no doubt incur the wrath of a few for transgression, but without transgression over traditional territories of learning, it is impossible to begin to discover the answers to old and new questions. In the end, it is hoped that travelers on this journey will have a far greater understanding of smell and taste than they did when they first set out, or at the very least, be left with a sense of wonder for the incredible complexity of the human design.
The second section focuses on the Australian wine experience, for that is what we know best, taking the reader through the practical aspects of production. We are not wine makers or viticulturalists, but we have spent a deal of time with them and bring you some of their hard earned wisdom, as well as video interviews on various subjects to provide an inside-industry perspective. All that the reader needs to share is a romantic fire to produce one of the world's finest wines from 'their own' virtual vineyard. By the conclusion of this section we fully expect that romance to be extinguished, for at the end of the day, viticulture is but another form of farming with almost co-measurable highs and lows.
The final two sections bring us to tasting and appreciating wine with food. The cultivation of smell and taste, is arguably, a moral duty of maturity.(Certainly if more people were interested in the appreciation of food and drink, we in the modern west would not be so flooded with bland mass-produced foods, barely passable as nutrition). Anyone can taste what is put into their mouth, but to appreciate it depends on knowledge and understanding. However, as in any aspect of life, appreciation requires effort. Hopefully the reason why you are reading this now is because you enjoy wine but wish to bring more intelligence and critical appraisal to this enjoyment.
For the most part, this is not a course that demands reading in strict sequence.
Because some students may have a specific interest in one particular subject (this is especially so in the practical sections which relate to viticulture, wine making, wine tasting and food and wine), both theoretical and practical chapters will be introduced simultaneously.
Cross references to other articles and web pages have been included throughout, encouraging further reading.
Finally, because this course is published on the web, rather than in hard copy, new information will be added as research becomes available. I am sure there will be many debates and modifications. We welcome your critical input.
May your journey be a long one.
- Nick Chlebnikowski.
Contributing Winemakers & Viticulturalists
Vintage Direct gratefully acknowledge contributions to Vintage School from the following Australian and International winemakers and viticulturalists, in particular for their input into the section on Making Wine.
Sergio Cuadra holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering and Enology from the University of Talca, Chile. He has more than thirteen years of experience in crafting fine wines from the most prestigious wine growing region in Chile as well as abroad. Commencing his career, Sergio worked with French winemaker Jacques Lurton gaining vast experience in red wine vinification. In 1996, the need to combine his work as winemaker with a good knowledge of vineyard management led him to Fetzer Vineyard in California. In his desire to gain more technical knowledge, Sergio traveled to the wine regions of France and Germany before returning to Chile. He spent the past nine years as Chief Winemaker at Vina Concha y Toro where he was involved in making their premium wines. Presently he is chief winemaker at Caliterra Winery, a venture formed in 1996 between Eduardo Chadwick of Vina Errazuriz & Robert Mondavi. Sergio's passion for winemaking has led him to teach a vinification course in Colchagua´s Agricultural School.
Peter Gago joined the then Penfolds Wines Pty Ltd in 1989. He started his tenure making sparkling wine, then reds, and served as Penfolds Red Wine Oenologist before being appointed Penfolds Chief Winemaker. In July 2002, Peter took over the mantle from his long-time friend and colleague, John Duval, making him the fourth winemaker to be responsible for Penfolds' icon wine, Grange. A natural educator, Peter has co-authored three books with Dr Patrick Iland: "Discovering Australian Wine - A Taster's Guide" 1995, "Australian Wine - From the Vine to the Glass" 1997 and "Australian Wines - Tastes and Styles" 2003.
Rob Gibson began his wine interest in New Zealand during a working holiday in 1974 working for Penfolds and in 1979 was offered a Penfolds Wines Traineeship to study winemaking and viticulture at Roseworthy College by the Management at the time which included the legendary Max Schubert. In 1981 and 1982 Rob worked as an assistant winemaker with John Duval and in late 1982, the then Chief Winemaker, Don Ditter, formulated a viticulture project aimed at selecting the very best quality Shiraz grapes for the Grange Hermitage production. Over the period 1983 through 1991 Rob worked in winemaking and viticulture, developing new assessments and discovering new information about the production of the very best Shiraz. He presently makes wines under his own label, Gibson Barossa Vale.
Erl Happ doesn't like sulphur dioxide in wine. It gives him an unbearably itchy nose and a feeling of being slightly unwell. Through his activity as viticulturalist and winemaker at the Happs / Three Hills Vineyard in Margaret River, Western Australia, he's been researching and developing innovative techniques to make quality preservative free wines. Amongst his other projects, in the 1990's, Erl set out to discover the common thermal characteristics found in great vineyard locations, a laborious task that involved working with hourly temperature data from sites around the world. We are grateful to Erl for input regarding his work and for granting permission to quote from his conclusions.
You can read more about his ongoing research at www.happs.com.au
In 1998 Craig Isbel and two great mates piled into a 1980 VB Commodore and took off in search of the meaning of life. After working on a cattle station, planting a vineyard, driving grape harvesters, mining for uranium, joining the circus, working at a mango farm, and commandeering a pearl boat, the boys finally found themselves in Margaret River. Since then Craig has completed vintages in Margaret River, the Yarra Valley, Beaujolais, Sonoma County, and of course, the Barossa Valley. Today he works alongside David Powell (see below) as winemaker at Torbreck Wines, a Barossa Valley benchmark and one of the world's greatest wine estates.
Troy Kalleske is a sixth generation Barossan whose family has been growing grapes since 1853. In 1999 Troy graduated with a Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Oenology) Degree from the University of Adelaide, achieving a distinction average. During his studies Troy was awarded no less than three scholarships, including the prestigious South Australian Wine and Brandy Industry Association Medal for Bachelor of Agricultural Science (Oenology). Following university, Troy was part of the winemaking team at Penfolds, Veritas, Seppelts, Miranda, Lindemans, and Kendall-Jackson. Today he is the winemaker for Pirathon, but also for his family's estate range of 'Kalleske' wines. Since releasing his own wines, Troy has rapidly gained national and international recognition as one of the Barossa's and Australia's best young winemakers.
Benoit Marguet is a fifth generation member of a family that has been growing grapes in the Cote de Grand Noirs since 1870. His passion is the Champagne terroir and he continues to make wine and manage the House founded in 1905 by his great-great-grandfather. Located in Ambonnay, a famous Village of the Montagne de Reims, the Marguet-Bonnerave House became Champagne Marguet Pere et Fils in 2005. The grapes are primarly sourced from Premier Cru and Grand Cru villages. The vines of the Marguet family (villages of Verzenay, Mailly and Sillery) and of the Launois-Pertois family (villages of Mesnil sur Oger, Oger and Cramant) all offer first class Pinot Noir and Chardonnay fruit. Other grapes are sourced from such highly esteemed villages as Ambonnay, Bouzy, Verzy, Mareuil sur Ay and Rilly la Montagne.
David Powell founded Torbreck Vintners in 1994. The story dates back two years earlier when Powell, whilst working at Rockford in the Barossa, stumbled across some remnants of an old vine, dry grown Shiraz vineyard. His fortunes blossomed when he secured supply contracts for these ancient vines on a share farming basis. This involved paying the owner a percentage of the market rate for his grapes in return for managing his vines. Three tonnes of grapes were crushed and fermented in his shed in 1995 and so the concept of Torbreck Vintners was born. Today, Robert Parker describes Dave Powell as "unquestionably one of the world's finest wine producers (who) has an uncanny ability to discover old vine Barossa vineyards and then secure long term contracts for them."
In 1997, Corrina Rayment was granted a Scholarship from Southcorp Wines and Adelaide University to study for a year at the University of California- Davis, after which she returned to Australia to work for Southcorp Wines on their Winemaking Graduate Program. During her work with Southcorp, Corrina has also been making the Oliver's Taranga Wines at a local contract winery and she has been responsible for the development of the Corrina's Blend and the HJ Reserve Shiraz.
Ben Riggs is generally considered to be one of Australia's greatest Shiraz winemakers having spent fourteen years at Wirra Wirra (McLaren Vale, South Australia), as well as having worked vintages in California, France and Italy. Presently, he makes wine for a number of companies and continues to consult to some of Australia's most distinguished producers, including Penny's Hill, Pertaringa, Geoff Hardy, Tatiarra, Coriole and Cazal Viel in the south of France. As well as this, Ben makes wine on his own behalf under the "Mr.Riggs" label utilising grapes from his own vineyard at Piebald Gully and old vines vineyards within the McLaren Vale district. His wines have received outstanding praise from the international wine community.
Andrew Sutherland Smith is a fifth generation wine maker to Rutherglen, who's family owned the famous All Saints Winery from 1864 to 1988. Andrew is a graduate and scholar of Charles Sturt University and has worked extensively throughout the Australian wine industry. Since 1981 he has worked for companies including Seppelts, Charles Sturt University (Ron Potter Scholar), Yellowglen, Mildara, Stanley, McWilliams and All Saints. Warrabilla Wines was established in 1991 by Andrew. Whilst developing Warrabilla Wines, Andrew also worked for Chambers Rosewood Winery and Fairfield. Today Andrew's wines reflect his enormous energy and determination to reassert the Sutherland Smith's as a great Australian winemaking force.
Also, special thanks to the winemakers who contributed via video interviews.
(vineyards listed are relevant to the time of filming).
Mike & Sandy Fitzpatrick - Pettavel Winery, Geelong.
John Barnier - Goonawarra Vineyard, Sunbury.
Gordon & Lew Night - Knight's Granite Hills, Victoria.
David Traeger - David Traeger Wines.
Sam Plunkett - Plunkett's Wines, Strathbogie.
Ron Laughton - Jasper Hill, Heathcote.
Adam Marks - St. Hubert's Vineyard, Yarra Valley.
Mark Long - Eyton on Yarra, Yarra Valley.
Tony Jordan, Wayne Donaldson & Michael Murtagh - Domaine Chandon, Yarra Valley.
Tony Carpetis - Chateau Tahbilk, Nagambie, Central Victoria.
Rob Dolan - Yarra Ridge, Yarra Valley.
All video was scripted by Nick Chlebnikowski and is copyright © Vintage Direct / Nicks Wine Merchants.
Executive Producer: Gerald Carrington. Director of Production: Vincent Donato. Producer-Director: Mark Carrington.
Other contributors to the text include Shane Randall and Lara Fernandez.


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Laurence Peters
PROJECT ADVISER
EXPERTISE: EDUCATION
Laurence was born in London, England and studied at the University of Sussex, where he received a BA degree in English Literature in 1974. After gaining his teaching certificate at the University of Bristol, he taught English and Drama at a Sixth Form College (grades 10-12) outside London. Subsequently, he received an MA (Educ) degree in the Theory and Practice of English Teaching from the University of London, Institute of Education (1978) and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. After writing and teaching he gained a Law Degree from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. Peters became counsel to the Subcommittee on Select Education & Civil Rights for the US House of Representatives (1986-1993) and subsequently served as a Senior Policy Advisor to the US Department of Education (1993-2001). Dr. Peters later directed the Mid-Atlantic Regional Technology in Education Consortium (MAR*TEC) working out of Temple University in Philadelphia with five states, (Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Washington DC and New Jersey) on a mission to assist these states to integrate technology into the curriculum. During this period, Dr. Peters co-wrote, From Digital Divide to Digital Opportunity, Rowman (2003) and co-edited, Scaling Up: Lessons from Technology-Based Educational Improvement, Jossey Bass (2005) and Global Education: Using Technology to Bring the World to Your Students (ISTE) 2009. His forthcoming book, The United Nations: History and Core Ideas will be published in fall 2015 by Palgrave Macmillan. Dr. Peters currently serves as Graduate Program Director of the United Nations Association National Capital Region and is married with three children.
Your ticket for the: Laurence Peters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Copper metal parts, cubic zirconia crystals, and an infinity design — this bracelet has it all. Pick one from nine different designs for your friend, male or female. The bracelet is even long enough to be worn around the ankle. You can even adjust its size easily. Don't wait, buy one today and make your friend happy.


M10, the studio I run with partners Steve Brokaw and Eric Schoch is moving! Bursting at the seams, we have taken an opportunity to expand into a new space in the Circle City Industrial Complex, right around the corner from our original location. To celebrate the move, I will be presenting work from my Colors project.
Colors is a lighthearted romp in the studio. A collaborative project involving the skills of body painters, models, and photographer to create a compelling body of images loosely exploring the emotional and cultural impact of color.
Come on out to the Circle City Industrial Complex on Friday March 1st to celebrate M10's move to a new space (and the one year anniversary of my going full time with photography). While there, take some time to visit the rest of the artists in the CCIC.
One of the evenings' events during Connections was a "Hub Crawl", basically a pub crawl but with a marketing twist. This image is from The Libertine, one of the stops on the crawl.
Here's another image from ExactTarget's Connections. Casey put on a fantastic show.
Just a quick blurb here, the studio and gallery I run with fellow photographers Steve Brokaw and Eric Schoch will be open this coming First Friday, June 1st.
This month I'll have the main stage with new work from the set "Feathers and Fur". The images are in the slide show you see behind this blog post.
If you're out and about on Friday, swing by! If not, consider making the trip out to the Circle City Industrial Complex. We'll have wine and cheese, music, new photography from me, plus work from Eric and Steve. We'll be open from 6 to 10.
Here are details and directions to M10.
I'm a little late with these, but last week I attended the always great Indy Social Media Club at the Jazz Kitchen in Broad Ripple. The topic that evening was social gaming, Greg Phillips from Plow Digital gave the presentation.
If you're into social media and able to make it, the Indy Social Media Club is well worth attending. Stick around for the after party at Yats, next store. It's just as good as the main event.


She stands in her orchard of luscious fruity olives in various stages of ripeness. Her American Flag Tattoo swells with pride as she raises her glass of Sauvignon Blanc to toast the perfect moment to pick her bounty harvest…"To great wine and great olive oil". Her hat shades her perfect skin.


text:
Q: firebase image retrieval in Android The problem I am facing is that on selecting an Image from the Gallery using Gallery Intent, though the image is stored on Firebase Storage but is not displayed in the ImageView. Instead, the Placeholder disappears and nothing is visible. P.S I am new to Android and Firebase.
Attaching the Screenshot of the same.
before uploading
After uploading
Following is my code:
public class EditProfile extends AppCompatActivity {

Button selectImage, save_data_editProfile;
EditText editText, editText2;
ImageView imageView;
private StorageReference mStorage;
private Toolbar mToolBar;
private FirebaseDatabase mFirebaseDatabase;
private FirebaseAuth mFirebaseAuth;
private ProgressDialog mProgress;
private ImageButton mphotoPickerButton;
private String currentUserEmail;
private static final int GALLERY_INTENT = 2;
private DatabaseReference mCurrentUserDatabaseReference;
private Context mView;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_edit_profile);

    //selectImage = (Button) findViewById(R.id.selectImage);
    save_data_editProfile = (Button) findViewById(R.id.save_data_editProfile);
    //imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
    editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
    editText2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);

    mView = EditProfile.this;
    initializeScreen();
    openImageSelector();
    initializeUserInfo();

}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, final Intent data){

    mStorage = FirebaseStorage.getInstance().getReference(); //make global
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, requestCode, data);

    if(requestCode ==GALLERY_INTENT && resultCode == RESULT_OK){

        mProgress.setMessage("Uploading...");
        mProgress.show();

        Uri uri = data.getData();
        //Keep all images for a specific chat grouped together
        final String imageLocation = "Photos/profile_picture/" + currentUserEmail;
        final String imageLocationId = imageLocation + "/" + uri.getLastPathSegment();
        final String uniqueId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        final StorageReference filepath = mStorage.child(imageLocation).child(uniqueId + "/profile_pic");
        final String downloadURl = filepath.getPath();
        filepath.putFile(uri).addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<UploadTask.TaskSnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(UploadTask.TaskSnapshot taskSnapshot) {
                //create a new message containing this image
                addImageToProfile(downloadURl);
                mProgress.dismiss();
            }
        });
    }

}

public void addImageToProfile(final String imageLocation){
    final ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
    mCurrentUserDatabaseReference
            .child("profilePicLocation").setValue(imageLocation).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
                @Override
                public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Void> task) {
                    StorageReference storageRef = FirebaseStorage.getInstance()
                            .getReference().child(imageLocation);

                    //Picasso.get().load(imageLocation).into(imageView);

                    Glide.with(mView)
                            .using(new FirebaseImageLoader())
                            .load(storageRef)
                            .bitmapTransform(new CropSquareTransformation(mView))
                            .into(imageView);
                }
            }
    );

}

public void openImageSelector(){

    mphotoPickerButton = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.imageButton);
    mProgress = new ProgressDialog(this);
    mphotoPickerButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view){
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
            intent.setType("image/*");
            startActivityForResult(intent, GALLERY_INTENT);
            //mView = view;
        }
    });
}

private void initializeUserInfo(){
    final ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
    mCurrentUserDatabaseReference
            .addValueEventListener(new ValueEventListener() {
                @Override
                public void onDataChange(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
                    User user = dataSnapshot.getValue(User.class);
                    try{
                        if(user.getProfilePicLocation() != null){
                            StorageReference storageRef = FirebaseStorage.getInstance()
                                    .getReference().child(user.getProfilePicLocation());

                            Glide.with(mView)
                                    .using(new FirebaseImageLoader())
                                    .load(storageRef)
                                    .bitmapTransform(new CropSquareTransformation(mView))
                                    .into(imageView);
                        }
                    }catch (Exception e){
                        Log.e("Error", e.getMessage());
                    }

                }

                @Override
                public void onCancelled(DatabaseError databaseError) {

                }
            });
}

private void initializeScreen(){
    mFirebaseAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
    mFirebaseDatabase = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance();
    currentUserEmail = EmailEncoding.commaEncodePeriod(mFirebaseAuth.getCurrentUser().getEmail());
    mCurrentUserDatabaseReference = mFirebaseDatabase
            .getReference().child(Constants.USERS_LOCATION
                    + "/" + currentUserEmail);
    }
}

A: Try to call addImageToProfile(taskSnapshot.downloadURl.toString()); on your OnSuccessListener and
Glide.with(mView)
       .using(new FirebaseImageLoader())
       .load(imageLocation)
       .bitmapTransform(new CropSquareTransformation(mView))
       .into(imageView);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The .30 caliber carbine was designed in early 1940 to provide U.S. Army and Marine Corps officers and NCO's a lightweight semiautomatic weapon. One feature that the troops liked was the light 5.2-pound weight of the new carbine, compared to the somewhat heavy 10.5 pound M1 Garand rifle. The second feature of the carbine that was well received was its easy to load, detachable fifteen-round magazine. The M1 Garand rifle was limited by its eight round enbloc clip that could not be topped off; the clip would not eject from the rifle until it was empty. While the stopping power of the carbine's small .30 caliber cartridge proved wanting when compared to the full power .30-06 Garand, the other features made it a popular weapon.
As the carbine was pressed into service there were soon a number of requests from the field for a select-fire feature for the weapon. The original U.S. Ordnance requirement had specified a select-fire feature but in order to get the carbine manufactured and in service as quickly as possible, the select-fire requirement was dropped. After the carbine was adopted and distributed to troops in combat, the ever diligent U.S. Ordnance Department continued its efforts to improve and enhance the carbine. One of the projects was development of a suitable full automatic feature that could be easily added to the carbine with minimal alterations to the basic design. Ordnance wanted to be able to easily upgrade existing semiautomatic M1 carbines in the field with the select-fire feature.
Early in 1944, the Inland Division began to develop a method to convert the M1 carbine into a select-fire weapon; in other words, to have both semi-automatic and full-automatic capabilities. Two Inland engineers, Paul Hamisch and Frederick Sampson, designed a conversion that required only a few new parts along with minimum changes to the weapon's original design. The experimental select-fire M1 carbine was designated as the T4. After extensive testing of the new variation of the M1, the weapon was recommended for adoption as the Carbine Caliber .30, M2 in September of 1944 and was quickly adopted as Standard in October 1944. Subsequently, both the M1 and M1A1 carbines were reclassified as Limited Standard. By the time the weapon began getting into the hands of the troops in the field the war was almost over. Thus, the M2 carbine saw little combat use in World War II. The carbine in the M2 configuration had a cyclic rate of 700 to 750 rounds per minute. At that rate, the original fifteen-round magazine proved lacking. However, as the engineers worked on the conversion of the carbine to select-fire, others were working on perfecting a high capacity magazine to feed the weapon.
During the design and development of the .30 M1 carbine there were prototype box style double stack, double feed magazines made in ten, fifteen and twenty cartridge capacities. The fifteen-round magazine proved to be the best overall design and was adopted for use with the carbine. The fifteen-round magazines were manufactured in very large numbers by well over sixty different contractors and subcontractors.
In December of 1944, U.S. Army Major Fargo submitted two modified carbine magazines to the Infantry Board. One of the magazines had a thirty-round capacity. This magazine was constructed by welding two standard fifteen-round carbine magazines together. Because of the carbine round's slightly tapered case, the magazines were joined together at an eleven-degree angle. The studs for holding the magazine were larger than normal and a third stud was placed on the magazine's left side for added support for the heavier weight of the magazine. The fifteen-round magazine submitted had steel strips in place of the standard embossed studs.
The test magazines were photographed, measured and weighed. The time required to manually load each magazine was measured and recorded. It was discovered that loading two fifteen-round magazines took three seconds longer to load than the time required to load one thirty-round magazine (thirty-eight seconds). The required pressure to load the magazines by hand felt the same in both the fifteen and thirty round configurations. There were no problems encountered loading all thirty of the rounds into the experimental high capacity magazine. It was discovered that thirty-one rounds could be forced into the thirty-round magazine. Overloading the magazine increased the possibility of malfunctions to occur. The magazine weighed .26 pounds empty and 1.08 pounds loaded. The standard fifteen-round carbine magazine weighed .16 pounds empty and .56 pounds when loaded.
Three carbines were provided to test the magazines, a standard M1, a paratrooper folding stock M1A1 and a new select-fire M2 model. None of the test carbines had the new improved magazine catch that was designed to adequately support the increased weight of a loaded thirty-round magazine. The functioning of the test magazines was the same in each carbine. The magazines were easily installed and removed in all of the weapons. Abusive handling of the carbine with each test magazine in place failed to produce any damage to the magazines.
Functioning of the test magazines was identical in each of the three carbines. All of the weapons functioned without stoppages until the retaining studs embossed on the magazines were too worn to keep them intact. At this point, the bolt would override the magazine and fail to pick up fresh cartridges.
The added weight of the thirty-round magazine caused the standard magazine studs to shear off after the magazine had been loaded and fired twenty-six times. The magazine had to be held in place by hand for the carbine to continue functioning. There were no problems with the modified fifteen-round magazine. It was concluded that the thirty-round magazine was worth further study and development and the embossed studs of the magazines needed to be hardened to withstand extended automatic firing in the carbine.
After the thirty-round magazine was perfected, they became standard issue for both M1 and M2 carbines. They provided the operator with additional firepower that was unique for a shoulder fired weapon during World War II. The controversial lethality of the small carbine round was offset somewhat by the M2 carbine's lightweight, select-fire capability and its thirty-round magazine.
All production thirty-round magazines were fitted with the T18 style follower that was designed to hold the bolt rearward after the magazine was emptied. The bolt will close when the empty magazine is removed from the weapon. To retain the bolt rearward, the pin on the slide would need to be depressed before removing the magazine. After a fresh magazine was inserted into the weapon, the slide needed only to be pulled slightly rearward and released and the carbine was ready to fire.
During World War II, the thirty-round magazines were not produced in as large of numbers as the former fifteen-round version had been. Early thirty-round magazines were manufactured with a "seamless" back, known to collectors as the "hardback." This style magazine, made from a single piece of sheet metal, is somewhat scarce. The most common variation is the thirty-round "split back" type made from two separate pieces of sheet metal joined together. Carbine magazines were originally with a blue-black finish that varied slightly from contractor to contractor. During and after the war many thousands of magazines underwent a rebuild process in which many were refinished with a gray-green Parkerizing.
Magazine production continued during both the Korean and Vietnam Wars. All original U.S. government manufactured thirty and fifteen-round carbine magazines were marked with the contractor's initials on the back. Original GI issue magazines are quite reliable. Some examples of the GI contractor's markings are; IU (Underwood), AI (Autorye-Inland), SEY (Seymour), J and J (Saginaw), and OKAY (OKay Industries). Other yet unidentified markings were KI, M2, and K. There were a few magazine "accessories" produced that included plastic and rubber dust caps, stripper clips for fast reloading, and several styles of magazine carrying pouches.
Many of today's carbine owners have complained that their carbines will not function properly with a thirty-round magazine. The primary reason is probably an aftermarket magazine, or the carbine in question isn't fitted with the M2 style magazine catch that was designed to support the added weight of a thirty-round magazine.
Up until approximately ten years ago original U.S. GI thirty-round magazines were difficult to find. To fulfill the need, a number of commercial companies manufactured the magazines in quite large numbers. There have been many problems encountered with the commercially produced carbine magazines. The studs for holding the magazine in the weapon are usually not hardened, and quickly wear or shear off. Another common problem encountered is inadequate follower spring pressure and, lastly, magazine bodies that are out of spec. Aftermarket magazines usually can be identified by a lack of manufacturer's markings, but a few companies did mark them. A few of the known aftermarket markings were; Jay Scott, and M2 (with a larger font, and stamped deeper than original GI M2 marked magazines). The commercially produced magazines were made with a blued finish, stainless steel and some were even chrome plated.
After the end of World War II, United States began to give away thousands of M1 and M2 carbines to friendly nations as part of military aid programs. In order to maintain the carbines in service many of the receiving countries needed to manufacture replacement parts that included magazines. Most of the foreign made government contract magazines were well made and reliable. One known post World War II foreign marking was AYP on magazines made in the Netherlands.
Like many U.S. made commercial aftermarket magazines, most foreign government made examples were not marked with a manufacturer's code. However most of these magazines can be identified by their reinforced or hardened retaining studs (hardened studs will be slightly discolored). When compared side by side with a commercially produced magazine, most foreign military magazines are of superior finish and quality and can be easily recognized.


Appropriate Tennis attire (including shirts) and soft-soled shoes must be worn on the tennis courts. Swimsuits and sandals are not tennis attire. Those not respecting the rules will be asked to leave the courts and possibly fined if the offense continues.


For more than 70 years Bloodworks Northwest (formerly Puget Sound Blood Center) has conducted research on blood and offered comprehensive blood and medical services to become a national center of excellence in all things blood related and the Northwest's leading blood organization.
In 1975, the Specialty Diagnostics Laboratories were established as a reference resource providing testing and consultative services in 4 major areas: immunogenetics (HLA), platelet immunology, hemostasis/thrombosis, and genomics (red cell/bleeding disorders).
Each area of expertise was founded by industry-leading physician scientists and each has expanded to meet the growing market need for clinical trial support. We specialize in laboratory science and clinical research – providing experienced clinical consultants for each specialty area. Each consultant has over 10 years of experience in the industry, and offers scientific and clinical expertise and consultation in their respective service area(s), today providing support for pharmaceutical, biotech, CRO, laboratory, and medical device companies.
Our specialized test menus are comprehensive and can be customized to support any protocol. Our complete test menu is performed in-house, which provides a high level of efficiency for our clients through faster turnaround time and reduced costs.


Description Van Camp's Boston Baked Pork & Beans Poster. Circa 1901. Restored reproduction. Advertisement featuring Hans and Lena probably aimed at immigrants to US. I have selected interesting, old 19th and early 20th century graphic images for digital restoration and editing. The images were then adjusted and brightened to make the images suitable for display and other purposes. The resulting image brings out many details. 2017 for restored reproduction.


In July, 1995, we collaborated with American Meter Company of Erie PA to manufacture machined parts for the Olympic Torches for the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
This monumental task challenged not just our technical expertise and efficiency but our artistic creativity as well. We not only manufactured the mechanical parts that went into the torch; we also helped redesign the two gold collars on the exterior. Creating these symbols of unity, which were ignited from the ancient Olympic flame on Mount Olympus and carried around the globe was a most exciting and exacting challenge. To this day, our slogan remains 'Lighting the flame of quality and excellence world-wide.


Last Chance to Audit EFALA Fashion Styling Class!
Elite Fashion Academy LA Mixer!
Elite Fashion Academy LA and JPY collaborate on Fashion Event!
Toys For Tots Charity Fashion Show Video!
Toys For Tots Charity Event Photos!
MAKEUP AND FASHION STYLING WORKSHOPS AT ELITE FASHION ACADEMY!


text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace GoogleMapsApi.Entities.PlacesDetails.Response
{
    [DataContract]
    public class OpeningHours
    {
        /// <summary>
        ///  is a boolean value indicating if the Place is open at the current time.
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember(Name = "open_now")]
        public bool OpenNow { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// periods[] is an array of opening periods covering seven days, starting from Sunday, in chronological order. Each period contains:
        /// open contains a pair of day and time objects describing when the Place opens
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember(Name = "periods")]
        public IEnumerable<Period> Periods { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Riverside High School is gearing up for their Homecoming week September 28 through October 2.
The Dress up Days will be Monday-Hobo Day, Tuesday- Destination Day (Seniors: Mexico, Juniors: Greece, Sophomores: Tropical, Freshmen: Ireland, JH and Elementary: USA, Staff: All), Wednesday- Dress like your favorite celebrity, Thursday-Twin Day, Friday-Blue and Gold.
There will be a Homecoming Powder Puff Football Game Monday, September 28 at 7 p.m. at the high school football field.
The Homecoming Parade will be at Spalding, Friday, Oct 2. The Parade will be at 11 a.m. and the Pep Rally at 11:30.


text:
Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new life in a different physical form or body after biological death. … The term transmigration means passing of soul from one body to another after–death.
24-72 hours after death — the internal organs decompose. 3-5 days after death — the body starts to bloat and blood-containing foam leaks from the mouth and nose. … Several weeks after death — nails and teeth fall out. 1 month after death — the body starts to liquify.
Muscle cells live on for several hours. Bone and skin cells can stay alive for several days. It takes around 12 hours for a human body to be cool to the touch and 24 hours to cool to the core. Rigor mortis commences after three hours and lasts until 36 hours after death.
Death is not like falling asleep. It is something very different. If you are not sure about death, you should ask questions about it. It's hard for people to talk about death and ask questions about it, but getting answers will make you feel better and have less stress.
There are seven positive regions the soulcan go to after death and seven negative regions. After completing its stay in the respective region, the soul is subjected to rebirth in different living forms according to its karma. This cycle can be broken after a soul achieves Moksh or Nirvana.
Journey of Souls is a graphic record or "travel log" by these people of what happens between lives on Earth. They give specific details as they movingly describe their astounding experiences. After reading Journey of Souls, you will gain a better understanding of the immortality of the human soul.
Aviral theories, Blog at WordPress.com.
Aviral theories


First National Real Estate Coorparoo can assist you with all your Coorparoo real estate needs.
About five kilometres south-east from Brisbane's CBD, Coorparoo continues to benefit from consumer demand for near-city living with easy access to the city along either the Southeast Freeway or the Story Bridge.
Coorparoo currently benefits from a train station only a few stops from the CBD, as well as a frequent Brisbane City Council bus service. Demand for the area will continue with the expansion of the Eastern Busway from Buranda to Main Avenue, including a station at Stones Corner. Construction on the extension began in August 2009 and is due for completion in 2012. Proposals for further extension through to Capalaba are under way, which should markedly reduce commuting times for Brisbane's eastern suburbs.
Coorparoo lies just five kilometres from the centre of Brisbane City and in at the heart of several suburbs that have been booming and continue to do so. Central to the suburbs of Kangaroo Point, Woolloongabba, East Brisbane, Stones Corner, Greenslopes, Holland Park, Norman Park, Morningside, Carina and Camp Hill. Like all inner city real estate, it has been a much sought-after suburb for many years. A convenient and pleasant place to live, a recent resurgence of interest has had a beneficial effect on values in the area. This increasing interest has seen Coorparoo become one of the 'high-interest' areas. Such enthusiastic interest needs no scientific explanation. Its proximity to the City, its affordability and its real beauty and character, make it true value for money.
There are numerous cafes, theatres and clubs within easy reach and the Convention Centre, Performing Arts Centre and the parklands of Southbank are close by in South Brisbane. Our region is blessed with both train and bus transport, and it is a quick car, bus or train ride to our beautiful City and all it has to offer. Our area is also placed for easy freeway access to both the Gold and Sunshine Coasts. The natural benefits of living in Coorparoo has been demonstrated by the increasingly vibrant 'Cafe Society'. This in turn goes hand in hand with a very low rental vacancy rate, a vital element for any real estate investor. Whether you are investing or just looking for lifestyle and convenience then Coorparoo is an area you must consider.


text:
Karl Jurman
Latest News on Karl Jurman:
Video: Elton John Reflects on THE LION KING's Lasting Impact
(Nov 15, 2022)
Video: THE LION KING Celebrates 25 Years on Broadway
Photos: On the Red Carpet at THE LION KING 25th Anniversary Celebration
Latest News on Karl Jurman
David Weiss, Avril Brown, George Flynn, Nteliseng Nkhela, Bradley Gibson, Karl Jurman, Adrienne Walker, Michael Henry, Cynthia Boardman, Doug Graf, Elizabeth Cohen, Angela Skinner, Sean Strohmeyer, Joseph P. Lynch, Valerie Naranjo, Lindiwe Dlamini, Rolando Morales-Matos, Michael Trotto
From: Photo Flash: THE LION KING Celebrates 22 Years on Broadway
[Broadway, 1997] [Replacement]
Associate Conductor[Replacement]
Associate Conductor
Musical Director[Replacement]
Conductor[Replacement]
The Best Little Whorehouse Goes Public
[Broadway, 1994]
The Will Rogers Follies
Karl Jurman News
by Chloe Rabinowitz - Nov 15, 2022
Watch Sir Elton John reflect on the enduring magic of THE LION KING in celebration of its 25th anniversary.
by BroadwayWorld TV - Nov 14, 2022
The Lion King celebrated its 25th anniversary last night, Sunday, November 13th. Check out video footage from the big night here, featuring a performance from Lebo M, plus the stars taking their bows, and walking the red carpet.
by Bruce Glikas - Nov 14, 2022
The Lion King celebrated its 25th anniversary last night, Sunday, November 13th and BroadwayWorld was there! Check out photos of the stars arriving on the red carpet here!
The Entertainment Community Fund to be Lead Seller of Select Number of Tickets to THE LION KING Anniversary Celebration
by Chloe Rabinowitz - Oct 27, 2022
The Entertainment Community Fund will be the lead seller of a select number of tickets to the upcoming 25th anniversary celebration of The Lion King on Broadway. Now, audiences will have the opportunity to be part of the celebration as this musical theater phenomenon marks its 25 years on Broadway at this special anniversary performance.
Photos: Check Out New Production Images of THE LION KING Ahead of its 25th Anniversary
by Show Highlights - Oct 25, 2022
New production photographs of the current company of The Lion King on Broadway have been released. The Lion King will kick off its 25th anniversary celebration this November! Check out the photos here!
THE LION KING to Celebrate 25th Anniversary in November
by Chloe Rabinowitz - Sep 27, 2022
The Lion King will kick off its 25th anniversary celebration this November. While two Broadway juggernauts have previously reached this milestone, The Lion King marks several historic firsts. Never before has a show in its 25th year been playing in so many productions around the world simultaneously and placed in the Top 5 grossing Broadway shows.
Sutter Street Theater to Present DOROTHY MEETS ALICE in September
by Blair Ingenthron - Aug 28, 2022
The Sutter Street Theater will present Dorothy Meets Alice or The Wizard of Wonderland from September 3 – September 25, on Saturdays and Sundays at 1:00pm. The show features book and lyrics by Joseph Robinette, music by Karl Jurman, and will be directed by Mike Jimena. This performance is rated G – fun for the entire family.
Photo Flash: THE LION KING Celebrates 22 Years on Broadway
by Stephi Wild - Nov 13, 2019
The Lion King celebrates a landmark 22 years on Broadway today, Wednesday, November 13.
Cortland Rep Announces 47th Annual Summer Season For 2018
Cortland Repertory Theatre, one of New York State's longest running professional summer theatres, has announced their 47th annual season for the summer of 2018. Once again this year, all six mainstage shows are making their CRT debuts, with at least one making its regional debut.
Photo Coverage: THE LION KING Celebrates 15 Years on Broadway!
by Jennifer Broski - Nov 19, 2012
Broadway's landmark musical event The Lion King celebrated its 15th Anniversary Sunday evening with a one-night only celebratory performance benefitting The Actors Fund. Virtually the entire creative team, who collectively won six Tony® Awards for their work on the show, reunited for the sold out performance. BroadwayWorld brings you photo coverage from the festivities below!
Karl Jurman Videos