The gimmickery called routine echocardiography in pre-operative cardiac risk assesment !
Can you safely rule out heart disease before non cardiac surgery without echocardiography ?
Yes , in most situations . Experience suggest If the clinical examination is normal , ECG and X ray do not show any abnormality , significant heart disease is ruled out 95/ 100 times.
Please note : ECG and X-ray can not R/O Coronary artery disease by any degree of specificity .Echo cardiogram also miserably fails to predict future CAD. But EST / TMT does this very efficiently!
So where does the echo comes in the routine protocol in the screening of heart disease* ?
"No where" to be precise. It is only a gimmick . But many physicians and anesthetists are obsessed with echo estimated LV EF % They invariably ask for pre operative echo for cardiac risk stratification.
* On the other hand EST has a strong case for inclusion as a routine screening test before surgery.
What about diastolic dysfunction ?
ECG and X ray will not miss a manifest myocardial disease . However concealed diastolic dysfunction can not be detected without echo. It is very common to detect early forms of diastolic relaxation abnormalities in echo . Significance of this is not clear especially if it is grade 1 . In this situation patient's functional capacity comes to our rescue. In a non functional patient any degree of diastolic dysfunction may increase the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. These patients must be monitored and fluid administration should be be judiciously used.
Echocardiography rarely comes* in the routine scheme of things in the pre -operative cardiac risk assessment.
First question to ask before non cardiac surgery is about the symptoms and functional capacity . ( Do you climb 3 floors ? Walk 6 km /hr . lift 20kg over a flight of stairs , objectively walk 9 mts on treadmill with std Bruce) If he is asymptomatic and his functional capacity is good , for all practical purposes he will be fit for surgery in cardiac point of view .
Next , we need to look the ECG and X ray chest . If one of them shows some evidence for chamber enlargement / q waves etc ,an echocardiography is ordered .
If you really suspect CAD one should go for EST or doubtamine stress ECHO.
In this funny medical world , a cardiologist can not do what he wants to do . I have encountered surgeons and anesthetics refusing to take a patient for surgery without knowing the ejection fraction ! Once when I gave a surgical fitness without taking an echo there was a furore from the corporate desk of a big hospital . How can you make decision without these modern gadgets they seemed to ask ! Future looks lovely for cardiology !
I stumbled upon this presentation which deals how to approach to a problem of congenital heart disease. In a newborn or an infant . It is clearly a master piece . A life time experience of a pediatrician condensed in 130 slides . It is from Kerala .India.
To quote an example from this presentation.
When you want to rule out urgently a congenial cyanotic heart disease in the bed side * What will you do ?
What is hyperoxia test ?
Axminster 100 % O2 . Measure satutration.If the PO2 crosses 200 , virtually any cyanotic heart disease is ruled out.
If it is less than 150 , it is very much likely the baby has a CHD !
Fine art of thrombus suction in STEMI !
Distal protection as concept is rapidly dying out as we aim to remove all the thrombus .
Apply continuous negative pressure once catheter reaches the thrombus do not release it till you enter back into the guide.
Watch out for side branch spill over.
* During dire emergency when you do not have a specialized suction catheter do not hesitate to push even a diagnostic catheter into the coronary .We have saved few lives !
Can we connect the suction apparatus into LAD micro catheter ?
Do we have camera guided suction catheter ?
Can you flush the thrombus if you are not succeeding in aspiration ?
Is ultrasonic desiccation of thrombus possible ?
Some of the tips were gathered from the recently concluded India Live 2012 conference in New Delhi .
When every one is blinded . . . who shall awake medical research ?
Blindness brings doom to most life situations , paradoxically it is supposed make us wiser in medical research .
We are made to believe , the shrewdness and the accuracy of a study is directly related to the degree of blindness .
Is blindness such a great thing ?
The fact that medical research requires tight blindness for maintaining truthfulness , implies there is a huge potential for contamination by vested vision .
Our experience suggest the purpose of blinding a study has entirely a different meaning in today's world.
Telmisartan is non inferior to Ramipril proved by a double blinded RCT screams a headline in a popular journal !
Both the patient the doctor do not know what is the study the researchers knows it .
The Researchers , the doctors and the patients . . . no one knows what they are doing . Then who will know it ?
Please be reminded , few powerful men are always awake to manipulate the study.
For the practicing doctors the blindness often continues even after publishing the trial as vital information are with held.
How accurate is the TR jet derived Pulmonary artery systolic pressure ?
Measuring TR peak velocity is the most popular method to assess pulmonary arterial pressure.It is universally believed TR jet predicts the systolic PA pressure fairly accurately. By all means it is a wrong perception.
At best , it has only 40% correlation with cath derived PAP . In other words cardiologist are fooled by TR jet more often than not ! Here is an elegantly done study from American Journal of Respiratoty and critical care medicine in patients who had undergone lung transplantation . It compared systolic PAP derived from Doppler vs cardiac cath.
Over estimation is the key error.
Error of under -estimation less common .
Under estimation more frequent in patients with PAH.
It is prudent , cardiologists are expected to be aware of this harsh fact and should be meticulous in tracing TR jet and reduce the error.
One controversial but logical suggestion would be to drop the ritual of adding empirical RA pressure 5- 10mmhg over the TR jet while calculating PAP , as there is 60 % error of over-estimation that naturally occur with TR jet.
What are the mechanisms of "Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" in Dilated cardiomyopathy ?
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH ) is an uncommon manifestation of dilated cardiomyopathy .While pulmonary venous hypertension of some degree is expected in most patients with DCM, it is rare for these patients to go for severe arterial hypertension.
The reason for this may be the natural history of DCM do not allow these patients to live that longer to manifest severe PAH. Still , we encounter this problem atleast in tertiary hospitals. Presence of moderate to severe PAH (> 50mm peak PAP) is a sinister sign in DCM. They not only do badly , they also make the transplant outcome dismal .
What causes this severe PAH in DCM ? The following observations are made in our institute .
Now we know , isolated systolic dysfunction is rarely associated with PAH .It is the presence of LV diastolic dysfunction (Often restrictive ) that raises the pulmonary pressures. PAH of DCM is rarely progressive.
One important suggestion is the DCMs which are associated with severe PAH may indeed represent late stages of RCM , when the LV begin to dilate.
Atrial fibrillation has a significant impact on elevating pulmonary venous and arterial pressures in DCM.
Further , the positive inotropic agents when liberally used will worsen the diastolic properties of LV.
Finally involvement of right ventricle in the cardiomyopathy process can have an ameliorating effect on PAH. A good RV function is essential to lift the PA systolic pressure. If RV failure is causing a low PAP , do not be happy .It simply means RV is going to say good bye . . . for the final time !
How to manage PAH in DCM ?
There is no specific management strategy .
Presence of PAH should be considered as an independent indication for anticoagulants as in situ pulmonary thrombus is common.
The effect of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in reducing the PAH of DCM is not convincing.
PAH in DCM is an unwelcome development. It makes the situation tough . The mechanisms are diverse .Understanding the mechanism would help us deal this problem better . Conventional anti failure treatment may help ,but it is wiser to try reserve drugs.


text:
Q: How to get frequency of all terms in an elasticsearch index I have a corpus of documents indexed . I also stored the term vectors when indexing. Now I want to retrieve term vectors of all documents satisfying some filtering options.
I was able to get term vector for a single document or for a set of documents by providing the document IDs. But is there a way to get term vectors for all the documents without providing document IDs?
Eventually what I want to do is to get the frequency counts of all the terms in a field, for all documents in an index (i.e., a bag of words matrix).
I am using elasticsearch-py as a client.
Appreciate any pointers. Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Shell script diamond The question is: Using Shell script programming, create a script that asks the user to enter a number and then prints the following shape. The number of rows is double the columns and user input determine the size of the diamond.
                *
               * *
              * * *
             * * * *
            * * * * *
           * * * * * *
          * * * * * * *
         * * * * * * * *
          * * * * * * *
           * * * * * *
            * * * * *
             * * * *
              * * *
               * *
                *

I've been trying this for days. Any help would bee awesome

A: #!/bin/bash

w=${1-5}
line() { printf "%$(($1+w))s\n" "$(yes "* " | sed ${1}q | tr -d \\n)"; }
for i in $(seq $w) $(seq $((w-1)) -1 1); do line $i; done

A: I've wrote smth like this. 'size' variable is actualy 1/4 of whole diamond. But that's cosmetics, and you should be able to fix it:
#!/bin/bash

# reading from stdin
read -p 'Size: ' size
# checking if size is a number
echo $size | grep -q -E '^[0-9]+$' || exit 5

vpos=0
while [[ $vpos -le $(( $size * 2 )) ]] ;
do
        hpos=0
        while [[ $hpos -le $(( $size * 2 )) ]] ;
        do

                if [[ $vpos -le $size ]] ;
                then
                        # upper vertical half
                        if ( [ $hpos -lt $(( $size - $vpos )) ] && [ $hpos -lt $size ] ) || ( [ $hpos -gt $(( $size + $vpos )) ] && [ $hpos -gt $size ] )  ;
                        then
                                echo -n ' '
                        else
                                echo -n '*'
                        fi

                else
                        # bottom vertical half
                        if ( [ $hpos -lt $(( $vpos - $size ))  ] && [ $hpos -lt $size ] ) || ( [ $hpos -gt $(( 3 * $size - $vpos )) ] && [ $hpos -gt $size  ] )  ;
                        then
                                echo -n ' '
                        else
                                echo -n '*'
                        fi

                fi

                hpos=$((hpos + 1))

        done ;
        echo ''
        vpos=$((vpos + 1))
done

A: I have written the following code for you, I hope that it helps you:
#!/usr/bin/env bash

#get the first argument passed to your script and assign it to STAR_NUMBER_MAX,
#if it is empty -> default value will be 0
readonly STAR_NUMBER_MAX="${1:-0}"

#check if your STAR_NUMBER_MAX is a number
re='^[0-9]+$'
if ! [[ $STAR_NUMBER_MAX =~ $re ]] ; then
   echo "error: your column_size is not a number" >&2; exit 1
fi
#variable that will be used to compute the number of stars to display per line
star_number=0
#variable that will be used in order to know if we have reached the max amount of stars
test_star_max=0
for i in `seq 1 $((2*STAR_NUMBER_MAX +1))`;
do
    #print the spaces
    for j in `seq $star_number $STAR_NUMBER_MAX`
    do
        echo -n " "
    done
    #print the stars
    for j in `seq 1 $star_number`;
    do
        if (( star_number == STAR_NUMBER_MAX )); then
            test_star_max=1
        fi
        echo -n "*"
    done
    #print the remaining stars
    for j in `seq 2 $star_number`;
    do
        echo -n "*"
    done
    if (( test_star_max == 0 )); then
        star_number=$((star_number + 1));
    else
        star_number=$((star_number - 1));
    fi
    echo ""
done

The result of the script is you described.


text:
ROLLS-ROYCE SPECTRE UNVEILED: THE MARQUE'S FIRST FULLY-ELECTRIC MOTOR CAR
October 18, 2022 By dcaplan
Posted in Rolls-Royce
In 1900, Rolls-Royce co-founder, Charles Rolls, prophesied an electric future for the motor car. Having acquired an electric vehicle named The Columbia Electric Carriage, he foresaw its suitability as a clean, noiseless alternative to the internal combustion engine – providing there was sufficient infrastructure to support it. Today, more than 120 years later, the time has come for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars to fulfill the prophecy of its founding father.
Rolls-Royce debuts Spectre, the marque's first fully-electric motor car
Spectre is a prophecy fulfilled, a promise kept and an undertaking completed
Spectre "demonstrates how perfectly Rolls-Royce is suited to electrification"
Spectre heralds the beginning of all-electric era for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars
Built on the Rolls-Royce all-aluminium Architecture of Luxury
Spectre uses new SPIRIT software architecture with full Whispers integration
World's first Ultra-Luxury Electric Super Coupé is spiritual successor to Phantom Coupé
First customer cars to be delivered in the fourth quarter of 2023
"Spectre possesses all the qualities that have secured the Rolls-Royce legend. This incredible motor car, conceived from the very beginning as our first fully-electric model, is silent, powerful and demonstrates how perfectly Rolls-Royce is suited to electrification. Spectre's all-electric powertrain will assure the marque's sustained success and relevance while dramatically increasing the definition of each characteristic that makes a Rolls-Royce a Rolls-Royce.
"At Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, perfection is about more than making the very best products. It is a culture, an attitude and our guiding philosophy. Indeed, it is our founding father Sir Henry Royce who said, 'strive for perfection in everything you do'. Spectre has been conceived within this culture. It is perfectly in tune with the sensibilities of our time. It states the direction for the future of our marque and perfectly answers a call from the most discerning individuals in the world to elevate the electric motor car experience, because Spectre is a Rolls-Royce first and an electric car second.
"This is the start of a bold new chapter for our marque, our extraordinary clients and the luxury industry. For this reason, I believe Spectre is the most perfect product that Rolls-Royce has ever produced."
Torsten Müller-Ötvös, Chief Executive Officer, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars
"The electric car is perfectly noiseless and clean. There is no smell or vibration. They should become very useful when fixed charging stations can be arranged."
The Hon. Charles Stewart Rolls, Co-Founder, Rolls-Royce, 1900
Discover more Spectre here or to order your very own Spectre, contact our Concierge to schedule your commissioning appointment.
Previous PostThe Post Oak Pink ChallengeNext PostThe Post Oak Collection now open in The Woodlands

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Note: This commentary originally appeared in the Frederick News Post on January 1st, 2003 as we neared the beginning of the Iraq War. It bears repeating as year four of this war is completed. It still holds quite true, even more so in some ways as this war continues, and sadly I've never brought back my patriotic ribbon to my door.
Our door now carries a wreath in keeping with the season of hope and joy.
In order to place it there I removed a large bow made from a ribbon of red, white and blue. I've kept that bow in place since shortly after the terror attacks of September 2001, but I'm uncertain now if I'll place it back there after the wreath comes down.
As I contemplate the New Year, it is with uncertainty. Not that my renewed patriotism has waned, but because the rumblings of war have left me with a sense of doubt about where we as a people are being led, and why.
War in Arabia may indeed be the responsible action of our great power, but the pronouncements in that regard over the past several months have not yet been convincing and clear.
My faith in the present administration's goals has been limited by its own mixed message. At a war's end, we may finally come to know just how fateful our battle has been, the revelations of real dangers that were hidden in Iraq may come to light, and our role of policing the world be vindicated. I certainly hope that will be true.
But I worry that we send our mixed message beyond our borders by our actions. That having done what was necessary in Afghanistan, we have left behind the further mission of bringing a better future to that land, and that we will do the same thing in Iraq.
Plus, the very real threat of great danger from North Korea seems to continue to grow without solution.
That country has demonstrated intransigence, deceit and threat to its brother democracy. Its missiles may be able to reach our western borders. Its admission that it violated agreements with us and used its capabilities to generate nuclear material in order to build weapons, as well as its direct threat to our representatives that to counter them would lead to many more thousands of American deaths than the Korean War, all add to the preponderance that they are indeed the real threat to our security.
I pray that this President is not simply a brash son of a failed father, seeking to avenge personal grievances. Remember, the father's failure to complete the job in Iraq is what led to his near assassination in the middle east at a later visit.
Megalomania and revenge are not distinctly Arabian qualities of dictatorial regimes, we as a people of democracy must be ever vigilant of those qualities in our own leaders.
The possibility lends itself to an old world sort of Shakespearean tragedy of the first magnitude.
We stand in possible danger of civilian deaths by terrorists at home, of battlefield deaths by chemical ordinance in Arabia, and a nuclear holocaust by missile in California. To meet these threats, we must proceed with caution and integrity in our dealings throughout the world.
I hope that by July 4th of next year, my patriotic ribbon will be proudly displayed once again, in the land that I love for its freedom and its translation of that good around the world.


If You are looking for a personalised Bottle Of Birthday Wine then this Age design white wine will look and taste perfect.
The wine is 75cl Australian Chardonnay Semillon with an aroma and flavor that is reminiscent to a fine citrus fruit.
You can personalise the bottle of wine with the name of the recipient, his or her age that will be featured as a larger number as part of the wine label age design. Finally you can then also add a short message that will be printed below the age.
For an additional cost you can also include a smart attractive luxury presentation gift box as shown in the image.


text:
Her Mistress's Voice: Gynophonocentrism in Feminist Discourses
Mikko Keskinen
I will trace the metaphors of voice in the discourses of feminisms as articulated by Judith Fetterley, Kaja Silverman, Julia Kristeva, and Hélène Cixous. I will analyze the presuppositions of their vocal or sound imagery, paying special attention to the implications of the essentialism/constructivism opposition. It is not my intention to provide a comprehensive account of voice in feminisms, nor to make sweeping generalizations on the basis of a very limited corpus. Moreover, in spite of their differences in cultural background, period, and main area of study, the four theorists to be read are, as it were, within earshot from each other, centering, whether anglo- or francophone, around the phónè, the voice. Such themes as psychoanalysis and problems of literary representation and meaning are shared by the theorists, who, with the exception of Fetterley, could be called post-structuralists.
I will utilize French philosopher Jacques Derrida's deconstructive critique of phononocentrism as a tentative hearing aid in my itinerary. I will also lend an ear to his critics, who have blamed Derrida's idea of phonocentrism for both over-hearing and unsound scholarship. For the present purpose, I will coin the neologism gynophonocentrism, by which I mean the insistence of voice, speech, and the auditive in feminist discourses or in texts dealing with femininity, womanhood, or the female gender.
Mikko Keskinen is Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. Dr. Keskinen has published, in addition to numerous articles, a book called Response, Resistance, Deconstruction: Reading and Writing in/of Three Novels by John Updike (U of Jyvaskyla Press, 1998). The present article is part of Dr. Keskinen's work in progress, tentatively entitled "The Audio Book: Readings in Voice, Sound, and Writing."
Keskinen, Mikko (2000). Her Mistress's Voice: Gynophonocentrism in Feminist Discourses. Journal of International Women's Studies, 2(1), 1-15.


text:
Open Organization
What is an open organization?
What is an open decision?
The open source way
Projects and applications
Python GUI frameworks
Python IDEs
Python template libraries
Python web scrapers
Open source alternatives
Alternatives to Acrobat
Alternatives to AutoCAD
Alternatives to Dreamweaver
Alternatives to Gmail
Alternatives to MATLAB
Alternatives to Minecraft
Alternatives to Google Photos
Alternatives to Photoshop
Alternatives to Skype
Alternatives to Slack
Alternatives to Trello
DevOps guides
Sysadmin guides
Open Source Yearbook
Open Organization series
About Opensource.com
Welcome to the Opensource.com community
Rules for comments and discussions
Contribute to Opensource.com
Opensource.com style guide
Websites used to be little more than text files placed in a folder that was shared with the world. They'd get downloaded and displayed in a web browser, and that was the extent of the transaction. Things got more complex, and websites became running instances of code. This enabled programmers to set up what could only be called "web applications," such as shopping carts, login portals, online email clients, image editors, and more.
Once the web was running applications, systems engineers and architects started to realize that the network itself was essentially a supercomputer. And just as resources must be managed on your laptop when you're running several applications at once, resources must be managed on the nodes of the supercomputer that is the internet.
Back in the mainframe days, computing time was relatively predictable. People literally scheduled time with the computer, so the resources were managed on a first-come, first-served basis. That doesn't scale to billions of users, any number of whom could want computing power, on-demand, at any given moment. Later, the solution was thought to be scaling up: more servers running more instances of applications meant more people could use them at any given time. Unfortunately, it can get expensive to run 100 servers on the off chance that you get a traffic spike one afternoon. So the problem isn't just how to manage the resources of the server running an application, it's also how to manage those resources dynamically, depending on how many people show up.
Kubernetes ("K8s" for short) is an open source solution for automating the deployment and dynamic scaling of containerized online applications. Kubernetes uses containers, a system in Linux that groups applications into logical units for centralized and secure management. Containers are designed to be ephemeral. A container can crash or die without losing user data because the data is kept outside the container. Because containerized applications are considered disposable, a cluster of servers can launch new instances of an application when lots of users need it or run only a few instances of an application when only a few hundred people need it. A sysadmin could do this manually or write a series of scripts to monitor traffic and respond accordingly, but Kubernetes makes it automatic.
You can install Kubernetes for testing or for production. If you just want to learn Kubernetes or experiment with building a cloud-based application, then you can run Kubernetes, OpenShift, or OKD locally on your workstation or laptop. For serious projects, you can build your own cluster, and for large-scale production, you can install OKD or Kubernetes.
Kubernetes is designed for big deployments. The fact is, you probably don't need Kubernetes unless you have so many users visiting your web applications that performance suffers. However, there are many good reasons to run Kubernetes at home, and it's getting easier and easier to do, the more popular Kubernetes becomes.
While Kubernetes makes managing containers easy, Kubernetes is mostly a do-it-yourself toolkit. You can (and many do) download and run Kubernetes exactly as it's developed, but that often means you will eventually have to develop your own tools to support your Kubernetes cluster. There are some really good tools out there, including Kubash (an interactive shell for your clusters to help build images and provision hosts), Konveyor (a whole toolchain to help migrate and optimize your cluster), Helm (a package manager), and much more.
What are OpenShift and OKD?
OpenShift is a Kubernetes application platform built for the cloud. OKD is its open source upstream project.
Modern infrastructure is moving to multicloud and hybrid cloud, but sysadmins and developers need a stable and predictable platform to target. OKD allows architects flexibility when choosing the cloud their infrastructure runs on, it provides administrators easy access to user and resource management, and it lets developers develop "knative" (native to Kubernetes) and cloud-ready applications. It's a control panel, a layer of abstraction, and a toolchain all at once.
OpenShift and OKD are distributions of Kubernetes, so admins can run them and still use all of the most common Kubernetes commands (kubectl, kubeadm, and so on). Because Kubernetes runs on and interacts directly with Linux and Linux containers, admins can use all their familiar Linux commands to manage the operating system underneath it all.
How does Kubernetes work?
Applications on the cloud run within containers. Containers aren't physical objects, of course; they're just a software concept that groups running processes on a server together so that they can share certain resources. Today, containers are usually run by CRI-O, Podman, LXC, or Docker.
When running applications, the main unit of organization in Kubernetes is called a pod. A pod is a group of containers, administered together on the same machine, virtual machine, or node, designed to be able to communicate with one another easily.
[Download our eBook: Getting started with Kubernetes]
Pods can be organized into a service, which is a group of pods that work together. These can be organized with a system of labels, allowing metadata about objects like pods to be stored in Kubernetes.
All of these parts can be orchestrated in a consistent and predictable way through an API, through OpenShift or OKD, through predefined instructions, or with terminal commands.
You might want to learn Kubernetes and OpenShift because you're planning on finding work in IT, or you're volunteering for a non-profit that's keen to expand, or you're just a hobbyist who loves knowing the latest tech. This is open source, so all the information you need is online. However, there is a lot of information to process. Here's some suggested reading to help you learn:
Kubernetes: Everything you need to know
Developing applications on Kubernetes
How to run a Kubernetes cluster on your laptop
Understanding Kubernetes for enterprises
Want to master microservices? Learn how to run OpenShift Container Platform in a self-paced, hands-on lab environment.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
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text:
var allUniqueChars = function(string) {

  // O(n^2) approach, no additional data structures used
  // for each character, check remaining characters for duplicates
  for (var i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
    for (var j = i + 1; j < string.length; j++) {
      if (string[i] === string[j]) {
        return false; // if match, return false
      }
    }
  }
  return true; // if no match, return true
};

/* TESTS */
// log some tests here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
What role do the life sciences and the psy sciences play in changing conceptions of human identity?
Nikolas Rose was Co-director of the Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation (CSynBI), a major collaboration between King's and Imperial Colleges, London. The Centre exists to develop world-leading research and to build UK capacity in the emerging field of synthetic biology. Rose considers the field in terms of its implications for humanity: social; political; legal; economic and ethical. He is a former Director of the BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
From 2007-2010, Rose was funded by the ESRC to undertake a Professorial Research Fellowship on neuroscience and neurotechnologies (Brain, Self & Society). He is the former Chair of the European Neuroscience and Society Network, funded by the European Science Foundation. At Goldsmiths, he was Pro-Warden for Research and Head of the Goldsmiths Centre for Urban and Community Research (CUCR). He founded the History of the Present Research Network, an international network influenced by the writings of Michel Foucault.
The European Neuroscience and Society Network
The ENSN aimed to establish a multidisciplinary forum for timely and necessary engagement with with the ethical, social and legal implications of recent developments in neurosciences.
BIONET China
Over three years (2006-2009), BIONET examined challenges of ethical governance related to Sino-European collaboration in advanced life sciences research.
The Foresight Lab
The Foresight Lab at King's College London is a part of the Human Brain Project's Subproject12.
BIOS Centre
The BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society is a multidisciplinary centre at LSE.


CUSTOM, SPACIOUS, LOCATION! At first glance you will see that this 4 bed/3 bath one-owner home was designed with entertaining in mind. An impressive floor-to-ceiling stacked stone fireplace is the focal point in the oversized great room which opens to a large eat-in kitchen with breakfast bar, island, and TWO full size sinks. Just a few steps from the kitchen, move your party outside to the 14x13 screened in porch and level backyard. A main floor laundry, master suite, as well as 2 additional bedrooms and a full bath round out the main floor. For even more fun, enjoy the finished lower level with a huge rec/family room, gas fp, bedroom, full bath, and over 600 sf of storage space. Recent updates include tile floors in kitchen, dining room, laundry and hall bath-2018. Roof, gutters, downspouts, porch rescreened, and some siding-2017. Minutes from interstates, shopping, restaurants, and Edwardsville schools. MLS data is derived from various sources and not warranted to be accurate.


text:
Uganda: The Truth Knowledge And The History Of
Posted on May 14, 2018 by oldpoet56
(THIS ARTICLE IS COURTESY OF THE CIA FACT BOOK)
Introduction The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences prevented the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. During the 1990s, the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections.
History The earliest known human inhabitants in contemporary Uganda were hunter gatherers. Between about 2300 and 1700 years ago Bantu speaking populations, who were probably from central and western Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the country. These groups brought and developed ironworking skills and new ideas of social and political organization. The Empire of Kitara in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries represents the earliest forms of formal organization, followed by the kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara, and in later centuries, Buganda and Ankole .
Nilotic people including Luo and Ateker entered the area from the north, probably beginning about A.D. 120. They were cattle herders and subsistence farmers who settled mainly the northern and eastern parts of the country. Some Luo invaded the area of Bunyoro and assimilated with the Bantu there, establishing the Babiito dynasty of the current Omukama (ruler) of Bunyoro-Kitara. Luo migration proceeded until the 16th century, with some Luo settling amid Bantu people in Eastern Uganda, with others proceeding to the western shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya and Tanzania. The Ateker (Karimojong and Teso) settled in the north-eastern and eastern parts of the country, and some fused with the Luo in the area north of Lake Kyoga.
Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s. They were followed in the 1860s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile. Protestant missionaries entered the country in 1877, followed by Catholic missionaries in 1879. The United Kingdom placed the area under the charter of the British East Africa Company in 1888, and ruled it as a protectorate from 1894. As several other territories and chiefdoms were integrated, the final protectorate called Uganda took shape in 1914.
The constitution was changed in 1963 to satisfy an alliance between the Uganda People's Congress and the Kabaka Yekka Party, during the elections in 1962. This created a post of a titular Head of State called the President and a position of a Vice President. The UPC government appointed Edward Muteesa II, Kabaka (King) of Buganda, as the President and Commander in Chief of the armed forces. William Wilberforce Nadiope, the Kyabazing of Busoga (paramount chief), was appointed Vice President. In 1966, Obote overthrew the king. A UPC-dominated Parliament changed the constitution, and Obote became president. The elections were suspended, ushering in an era of coups and counter-coups, which would last until the mid-1980s. Obote was deposed twice from office, both times by military coup.
Idi Amin ruled Uganda from 1971 to 1979
Idi Amin (1925-2003) seized power in 1971, ruling the country with the military for the coming decade. Idi Amin's rule cost an estimated 300,000 Ugandans' lives. He forcibly removed the entrepreneurial Indian minority from Uganda, decimating the economy. His reign was ended after the Uganda-Tanzania War in 1979 in which Tanzanian forces aided by Ugandan exiles invaded Uganda. This led to the return of Obote, who was deposed once more in 1985 by General Tito Okello. Okello ruled for six months until he was deposed after the so called "bush war" by the National Resistance Army (NRM) operating under the leadership of the current president, Yoweri Museveni, and various rebel groups, including Federal Democratic Movement of Andrew Kayiira, and another belonging to John Nkwanga.
Museveni has been in power since 1986. In the mid to late 1990s, he was lauded by the West as part of a new generation of African leaders. His presidency has included involvement in the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and other conflicts in the Great Lakes region, as well as the civil war against the Lord's Resistance Army. The Lord's Resistance Army has been guilty of numerous crimes against humanity including child slavery and mass murder. They have killed thousands and displaced millions for years. In 2007, Uganda deployed soldiers to the African Union peacekeeping mission in Somalia.
Geography Location: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area – comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries: total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Land use: arable land: 21.57%
Total renewable water resources: 66 cu km (1970)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 0.3 cu km/yr (43%/17%/40%)
per capita: 10 cu m/yr (2002)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment – current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching
Environment – international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Geography – note: landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers
Politics Politics of Uganda takes place within the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Uganda is both head of state and head of government, as well as of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The system is based on a democratic parliamentary system with universal suffrage for all citizens over 18 years of age. In a measure ostensibly designed to reduce sectarian violence, political parties were restricted in their activities from 1986. In the non-party "Movement" system instituted by Museveni, political parties continued to exist but could not campaign in elections or field candidates directly (although electoral candidates could belong to political parties). A constitutional referendum cancelled this 19-year ban on multi-party politics in July 2005.
The presidential elections were held in February 2006. Museveni ran against several candidates, the most prominent of whom was exiled Dr. Kizza Besigye. Museveni was declared the winner in the elections which were predominantly free and fair according to international and national observers. Despite technically democratic elections, harassment of opposition had started months earlier in the form of disturbing of opposition campaign, detention of activists, rape and other criminal allegations against Besigye and use of state funds for electoral campaigning.
People Population: 31,367,972
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 50% (male 7,903,935/female 7,789,792)
15-64 years: 47.8% (male 7,528,073/female 7,469,938)
65 years and over: 2.2% (male 284,122/female 392,112) (2008 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.603% (2008 est.)
Birth rate: 48.15 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 12.32 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 65.99 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 52.34 years
male: 51.31 years
HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate: 4.1% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS: 530,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS – deaths: 78,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: chikungunya, malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2008)
Nationality: noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan
Ethnic groups: Baganda 16.9%, Banyakole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)
Religions: Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)
Languages: English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
female: 57.7% (2002 census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 10 years
female: 10 years (2004)
Government Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form: Uganda
Government type: republic
Capital: name: Kampala
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions: 56 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe
note: as of a July 2005, 13 new districts were reportedly added bringing the total up to 69; the new districts are Amolatar, Amuria, Budaka, Butaleja, Ibanda, Kaabong, Kabingo, Kaliro, Kiruhura, Koboko, Manafwa, Mityana, Nakaseke; a total of ten more districts are in the process of being added
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution: 8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system
Legal system: in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Executive branch: chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); note – the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Apolo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note – the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators
elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011)
election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote – Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 59.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 37.4%, other 3.3%
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (332 seats; 215 members elected by popular vote, 104 nominated by legally established special interest groups [women 79, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], 13 ex officio members; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party – NA; seats by party – NRM 191, FDC 37, UPC 9, DP 8, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 36, other 49
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Political parties and leaders: Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Democratic Party or DP [Kizito SSEBAANA]; Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Kizza BESIGYE]; Justice Forum or JEEMA [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]; Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI]; Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Miria OBOTE]
note: a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Uganda's transition to a multi-party political system
Political pressure groups and leaders: Lord's Resistence Group or LRA [Joseph KONY]; Young Parliamentary Association [Henry BANYENZAKI]; Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO; National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON]; The Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Wormen or COPAW
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Perezi Karukubiro KAMUNANWIRE
telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Steven BROWNING
embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala
mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone: [256] (414) 259, 306-001
FAX: [256] (414) 258-451
Flag description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side
Culture Due to the large number of communities, culture within Uganda is diverse. Many Asians (mostly from India) who were expelled during the regime of Amin have returned to Uganda.
Cricket has experienced massive rapid growth and is the most popular sport in Uganda. Recently in the Quadrangular Tournament in Kenya, Uganda came in as the underdogs and went on to register a historic win against arch rivals Kenya. Uganda also won the World Cricket League Division 3 and came fourth place in the World Cricket League Division 2. In February 2009, Uganda finished as runner-up in the WCL Division 3 competition held in Argentina, thus gaining a place in the World Cup Qualifier to be held in South Africa in April 2009.
In 2007 the Ugandan Rugby Union team were victorious in the 2007 Africa Cup, beating Madagascar in the final.
Economy Economy – overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper, cobalt, gold, and other minerals. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government – with the support of foreign countries and international agencies – has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Growth continues to be solid, despite variability in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export, and a consistent upturn in Uganda's export markets. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to about $2 billion.
GDP (purchasing power parity): $34.23 billion (2008 est.)
GDP – real growth rate: 6.4% (2008 est.)
GDP – per capita (PPP): $1,100 (2008 est.)
GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 29%
Labor force: 14.48 million (2008 est.)
Labor force – by occupation: agriculture: 82%
Unemployment rate: NA%
Population below poverty line: 35% (2001 est.)
Distribution of family income – Gini index: 45.7 (2002)
Investment (gross fixed): 26.5% of GDP (2008 est.)
Budget: revenues: $2.72 billion
expenditures: $3.05 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2008 est.)
Fiscal year: 1 July – 30 June
Public debt: 19.5% of GDP (2008 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.5% (2008 est.)
Central bank discount rate: 14.68% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate: 19.11% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money: $1.363 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money: $1.302 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit: $907.3 million (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares: $103.4 million (2005)
Agriculture – products: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry
Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production
Electricity – production: 1.161 billion kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity – consumption: 899.7 million kWh (2006 est.)
Electricity – exports: 180 million kWh (2006)
Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity – production by source: fossil fuel: 0.9%
hydro: 99.1%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Oil – production: 0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil – consumption: 11,570 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil – exports: 115.2 bbl/day (2005)
Oil – imports: 11,540 bbl/day (2005)
Oil – proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
Natural gas – production: 0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas – consumption: 0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas – exports: 0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas – imports: 0 cu m (2007 est.)
Natural gas – proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance: -$933 million (2008 est.)
Exports: $2.03 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)
Exports – commodities: coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold
Exports – partners: Netherlands 10.2%, Belgium 9.8%, Germany 7.9%, France 7.2%, Rwanda 5.6% (2007)
Imports: $3.579 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)
Imports – commodities: capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Imports – partners: Kenya 31.8%, China 7.8%, UAE 7.7%, South Africa 5.9%, India 5.2%, Japan 4.8% (2007)
Economic aid – recipient: $1.198 billion (2005)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $2.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Debt – external: $1.705 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment – at home: $NA
Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad: $NA
Currency (code): Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Currency code: UGX
Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar – 1,658.1 (2008 est.), 1,685.8 (2007), 1,834.9 (2006), 1,780.7 (2005), 1,810.3 (2004)
Communications Telephones – main lines in use: 162,300 (2007)
Telephones – mobile cellular: 4.195 million (2007)
Telephone system: general assessment: seriously inadequate; mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; e-mail and Internet services are available
domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic
international: country code – 256; satellite earth stations – 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
Radios: 5 million (2001)
Television broadcast stations: 8 (plus 1 repeater) (2001)
Televisions: 500,000 (2001)
Internet country code: .ug
Internet hosts: 1,090 (2008)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2 (2000)
Internet users: 2 million (2007)
Transportation Airports: 32 (2007)
Airports – with paved runways: total: 5
over 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
Airports – with unpaved runways: total: 27
914 to 1,523 m: 11
Railways: total: 1,244 km
narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Roadways: total: 70,746 km
paved: 16,272 km
Waterways: on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile (2008)
Ports and terminals: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Military Military branches: Uganda Peoples Defense Force (UPDF): Army (includes Marine Unit), Air Force (2007)
Military service age and obligation: 18-26 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that recruitment below 18 years of age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2008)
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 6,532,894
females age 16-49: 6,352,416 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 3,856,365
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: male: 384,638
female: 381,990 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures: 2.2% of GDP (2006)
Transnational Issues Disputes – international: Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Uganda hosts 209,860 Sudanese, 27,560 Congolese, and 19,710 Rwandan refugees, while Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 215,700 (Sudan); 28,880 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 24,900 (Rwanda)
IDPs: 1.27 million (350,000 IDPs returned in 2006 following ongoing peace talks between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the Government of Uganda) (2007)
Posted in Africa, historyTagged Africa, CIA Fact Book, history of Uganda, Idi Amin, Milton Obote, Uganda, Yoweri MuseveniLeave a comment


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Category: TV Show Brawl Series
TV Show Brawl Series: Boy Meets World Vs The Wonder Years
Welcome once again to another TV Show Brawl Series. Today we examine a Battle Royale of brotherly proportions. That's right – The Wonder Years and Boy Meets World. Aside from Fred and Ben Savage starring in their respective shows, they have many similarities. Both feature main characters who endure an on again/off again romantic interest through out the series. Both face the trials and tribulations of high school and beyond, learning about life, love and how not to be an jackass. But who would win in an all out war between these two shows? Would it be Fred's group from the late eighties/early nineties, but which took place in the sixties/seventies, or would it be Ben's gang, who's show was on the more lighthearted ABC TGIF line-up.
This will be a 5 game series folks! Break out Kevin Arnold's crappy car he bought for a dollar. Grab Topanga's promise ring Corey gave her for Christmas. Let's start the brawl!
Match-Up #1: Battle of the Savages
Corey Matthews vs Kevin Arnold
Although both characters appear to have similar personalities as teenage romantics, they are two very different people. I actually don't think it's that close of a fight. Kevin Arnold seems like a goody two shoe on the surface, but he does some pretty ballsy things. He tells the school bully to basically go screw himself and gets his ass kicked for it. He's constantly bluffing in poker. And on his first day of high school he goes out of his way to piss off the biggest disciplinarian in the school. This is some gutsy stuff.
How about Corey Matthews? He's a weenie! When he got his driver's license, he drove like ten miles per hour on the high way and signaled people to go around him. He's always panicky and flailing his arms. Corey never takes a risk and is in constant fear of change. Kevin Arnold wins hands down. This is ironic, because when Fred Savage made a guest appearance on Boy Meets World as a sleazy professor, Corey knocked him the hell out.
Winner: Kevin Arnold
Boy Meets World: 0 The Wonder Years: 1
Match-Up #2: Battle of the Girlfriends
Topanga Lawrence Vs Winnie Cooper
This is a little closer. Both are exceptionally bright. Topanga was valedictorian for the John Adams Class of 1998. Winnie scored above 1500 on the SATs. Both started out weird and kind of dorky. But really, I have to give this one to Topanga for one simple reason: she forced Mr. Feeny to give her one more A on an assignment that was supposed to be un-graded. I mean, really, Mr. Feeny backed down!
Winner: Topanga Lawrence
Match-Up #3: Battle of the Sidekicks
Shawn Hunter vs Paul Pheiffer
Now on the surface, I'm sure you all think it's Shawn Hunter, hands down. Not so fast. First of all, Paul Pheiffer is a genius. He ends up going to Harvard! Yeah, the guy may have some allergy problems, but we'll let it slide. We really need to examine Shawn Hunter though. True, he's a slick ladies man who always seems to be in control, but I'm sorry…he loses this fight. Why? He's going to be his own downfall. This is not an emotionally stable human being. Every season he seems to become an emotional mess. He's always freaking out and running away. He also got taken in by a freaky cult. No way he holds it together in a fight. Pheiffer pulls off a huge upset here due to Hunter's own implosion.
Winner: Paul Pheiffer
Match-Up #4: Battle of the Idiot Brothers
Eric Matthews vs Wayne Arnold
Both are morons. These guys are just plain stupid. Wayne Arnold is pretty pathetic. What has the guy ever accomplished? I can't even remember a single episode that revolved around him. All he does is chuckle along calling Kevin "Butt-Head." And it's always the same insult. "Butt-Head." Think of something new! Eric Matthews is insane. In the earlier seasons, he seemed fairly normal; just a lazy kid who tried one too many get rich quick schemes. But in the later seasons, he's nuts. He hid in a glass food case to try and sneak attack people. He created a twisted TV show, ala The Truman Show, using his roommates as pawns. And he followed his brother on his honeymoon for absolutely no reason, hiding in the sand taking notes.
But Eric will win for one simple reason; he can withstand pain. This guy has been electrocuted, fallen off school roofs, sat in a cooking pot in Hawaii and he was constantly hurting himself while studying for the SATs. He'll do something that hurts himself, but he can survive it, whereas Wayne would just sit there cackling "Butt-Head" to himself.
Winner: Eric Matthews
Match-Up #5: Battle of the Mentors
Mr. Feeny vs Jack Arnold
Well, it's a tie match-up as we go to the final showdown. This is a tight one. I honestly don't know where to go with this fight. This is truly a Superman/Lex Luthor type of match-up. Jack Arnold is a terrifying human being. Whenever he grunted, I would have nightmares. I'll never forget the pilot episode when Kevin gets in trouble at school. His mom and the principal talk for a couple minutes and all of a sudden after not saying anything the camera pans to Papa Arnold as he says, "I'd like to take him home now." He eyes bulged out like he was about to rip an entire city apart with his knuckles. Holy crap.
But honestly, as scary as Jack Arnold was, I just don't think Mr. Feeny would get fazed. Mr. Feeny is like Danny Tanner, Wilson Wilson and Jason Seaver combined into one giant figure of wisdom and sage like advice. Now there is no way Mr. Feeny can win a straight up slug fest with Jack. So the real question is this – Can Feeny convince Jack to back down with mind games and fortune cookie advice, leaving him open for a Feeny finishing move? The answer is….
Winner: Mr. Feeny
Feeny wins it. It comes down to this: Feeny would be able to convince Jack Arnold not to be angry anymore. This new persona would battle Jack's old persona, creating an internal struggle. How can Jack win if he doesn't even know who he is. Wow Feeny, wow. Well done.
Well there you have it. The Boy Meets World crew conquers the Wonder Years. Until next time.
Written by bagelcinemas 3 Comments Posted in TV Show Brawl Series	Tagged with Boy Meets World fans, boy meets world fight, eric matthews incidents, eric matthews scenes, Feeny wisdom, Savage brothers now, scary Jack Arnold scenes, shawn hunter emotional state, tv fights, winnie vs topanga, Wonder Years fan, wonder years fight