text:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System;
namespace Isop.CommandLine.Parse
{
    public abstract class ParsedArguments
    {
        public ParsedArguments Merge(ParsedArguments args)
        {
            return new Merged(this, args);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// A combination of two parsed arguments instances
        /// </summary>
        public class Merged : ParsedArguments
        {
            /// <summary>
            ///
            /// </summary>
            public readonly ParsedArguments First;
            /// <summary>
            ///
            /// </summary>
            public readonly ParsedArguments Second;

            internal Merged(ParsedArguments first, ParsedArguments second)
            {
                First = first;
                Second = second;
            }
        }

        public class MethodMissingArguments : ParsedArguments
        {
            public Type RecognizedClass { get; }
            public Domain.Method RecognizedAction { get; }
            public IReadOnlyCollection<string> MissingParameters { get; }

            public MethodMissingArguments(Type recognizedClass,
                Domain.Method recognizedAction,
                IReadOnlyCollection<string> missingParameters)
            {
                RecognizedClass = recognizedClass;
                RecognizedAction = recognizedAction;
                MissingParameters = missingParameters;
            }
        }

        public class Method : ParsedArguments
        {
            public Method(Type recognizedClass,
                Domain.Method recognizedAction,
                IEnumerable<object> recognizedActionParameters,
                IEnumerable<RecognizedArgument> recognized)
            {
                RecognizedClass = recognizedClass;
                RecognizedAction = recognizedAction;
                Recognized = recognized;
                RecognizedActionParameters = recognizedActionParameters.ToArray();
            }

            public Type RecognizedClass { get; }
            public Domain.Method RecognizedAction { get; }
            public IEnumerable<RecognizedArgument> Recognized { get; }
            public IReadOnlyCollection<object> RecognizedActionParameters { get; }
        }

        public class Properties : ParsedArguments
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// Recognized arguments
            /// </summary>
            public IReadOnlyCollection<RecognizedArgument> Recognized { get; }

            /// <summary>
            /// Unrecognized arguments
            /// </summary>
            public IReadOnlyCollection<UnrecognizedArgument> Unrecognized { get; }
            public Properties(IReadOnlyCollection<RecognizedArgument> recognized,
                IReadOnlyCollection<UnrecognizedArgument> unrecognized)
            {
                Recognized = recognized;
                Unrecognized = unrecognized;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Map from <see cref="ParsedArguments"/> to <see cref="T"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public T Select<T>(Func<Method, T> method, Func<Merged, T> merged, Func<Properties, T> properties, Func<MethodMissingArguments,T> methodMissingArguments)
        {
            switch (this)
            {
                case Method pm: return method(pm);
                case Merged m: return merged(m);
                case Properties d: return properties(d);
                case MethodMissingArguments e: return methodMissingArguments(e);
                default:
                    throw new Exception("Unimplemented switch case");
            }
        }

    }
}


text:
class Field {

  struct wall {
    vec3 p;
    vec3 n;
    bool collidable;
  };

 public:
  static bvh<tri> collision_mesh;
  static bvh<sphere> navigation_mesh;
  static std::vector<wall> walls;
  static std::vector<tri> triangles;
  static std::vector<aabb> obstacles;
  static float r;
  static float R;
  static std::string mode;

  static bool initialize_soccar();
  static bool initialize_hoops();
  static bool initialize_dropshot();

  static ray snap(vec3 p);
  static ray collide(const obb & o);
  static ray collide(const aabb & a);
  static ray collide(const sphere & o);

  static ray raycast_any(const ray &);

  static void read_mesh_files(std::string);
  static void write_mesh_files();

};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
University of Bath Head of Hockey Jody Paul appointed as assistant coach to GB and England senior women's squads
Jody Paul, Head of Hockey at Team Bath, will soon step into a new role at a national level.
The former South African international and 2004 Olympian has been appointed as assistant coach to the GB and England senior women's squads. He will transition into the role over the next two months before taking up fully.
It is a great step up for this popular figure whose coaching journey began at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Port Elizabeth. He had previously coached at elite development and national age-group levels – roles he combined with his work at the University of Bath – including posts as Head Coach of the GB Women's Elite Development Programme, Head Coach of the England U18 boys' squad and Assistant Head Coach of the England U21 men.
Jody joined Team Bath in 2006 and has since had great success with individual athletes, including Olympians Liam Sanford amongst others who have achieved international level but also with student and Team Bath Buccaneers club teams.
Jody Paul (back, left) in his recent role with the women's Elite Development Programme
Greg Sharp, Deputy Director of Sport at the University of Bath, said: "It is always a bitter-sweet moment to see an exceptional coach leaving our programme at Bath because Jody's talent and drive will be missed but we also know this is a fantastic step on his personal journey and wish him every success."
Jody said: "I am delighted to be appointed to this role and am very much looking forward to the opportunity to work with a talented group of players. They have enjoyed great success in recent years and I believe they will continue to achieve their goals in the next few years. I am excited to be working as part of the staff team led by David Ralph, and alongside Katie Glynn I think we will complement each other well.
"I have thoroughly enjoyed working in the youth programmes over the past ten years. I have been lucky to take on a number of roles across both women's and men's programmes, and I very much value these opportunities and know they have helped shape me into the coach I am today. Now working with the senior women's team is hugely exciting and I hope to help us continue on our path of progression.
"My journey as a coach has been hugely enjoyable and I would like to say a couple of important thank yous. The University of Bath, in particular Deputy Director of Sport Greg Sharp, have provided me with an environment to develop as both a coach and a person, and I will forever be grateful for that. Our partner club Team Bath Buccaneers were the driving force in my getting the role, for which I must say thank you. Last but certainly not least I want to thank [former England, GB and Buccs Head Coach] Bobby Crutchley for his friendship and ongoing support as my mentor."
A post shared by Team Bath Buccaneers HC (@tbb_hc)
Women's Head Coach David Ralph commented: "This is a really exciting time for all of us in the programme. We recently welcomed some new players to our squad and now we get to welcome Jody, who we believe will be a huge asset for your team, so we are delighted that he is joining us.
Jody Paul (back right) worked as performance analyst for GB Hockey's senior men at the World League Finals in December 2015
"It was really evident in the recruitment process that Jody will really help complement the coaching team with his energy, personality and coaching skills, and Katie and I are really looking forward to working with him."
Performance Director Ed Barney added: "Jody shone through as an exceptional candidate. We have an exciting few months and years ahead and I know Jody will bring huge strength and depth to many areas of the senior Great Britain and England women. His defensive acumen and great working relationships with the women will complement a coaching team of real balance, depth and different perspectives."
Paul's first matches since taking his new role will be England's games in Argentina on 19-20 February as their 2021-22 FIH Hockey Pro League campaign gets underway.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Because beginning March. 1, the cost is ideal.
A donor, who wants to stay anonymous, decided to underwrite admission costs for the following two seasons. Which means everybody will get set for free, through This summer 2017.
The admission cost for latest campus from the Palm Springs Art Museum was $5 per person. Last October, right before the A&D Center opened up in November, I had been getting coffee with J.R. Roberts, who had been its controlling director at that time. Certainly one of his passions was finding a method to result in the A&D Center free for anybody who desired to walk in.
"I want anybody, associated with a means I would like a household of eight teenage kids to not need to consider the price, " Roberts explained this past year. "To simply have the ability to walk in, and also have a awesome moment, inside a building that is not so intimidating, some giant institution, something intimate that's easy, that they are likely to feel at ease in."
"I always thought we'd look for a donor to pay for admissions, " Roberts explained via email Wednesday. "The A&D center would be a labor of affection from the very beginning and individuals from around the globe came toward allow us to create it. Everything we needed ran in.
"Seeing exactly what a success the A&D center is becoming fills me with pride every single day, " he added.
Because of that generous benefactor, the A&D Center is not only another awesome downtown attraction to lure folks to wander Palm Canyon Drive. Whenever we make fantastic cultural assets readily available, this talks to the own moral awareness and our efforts to help make the world more democratic.
To the household of eight, mind lower towards the Architecture and style Center at a corner of Baristo Road and South Palm Canyon Drive in which the next exhibit opens March. 10 with "Seeing the sunshine: Lighting Objects, " that will showcase objects selected in the museum's permanent collection and from private collections. The exhibit shows the never-ending fascination from the significant energy of sunshine. "Seeing the Light" runs through Jan. 3.
Visitors are asked to put on 1960's finery for any Las vegas-style high-curler evening with DJ Baz spinning tunes of Frank, Dino, and Sammy through the evening. You will see a martini Bar by Tito's Hand crafted Vodka, and hors d' oeuvres by LuLu California Bistro. Tickets for that 5 p.m. to eight p.m. fundraising event are $85 per person for people and $125 per person for non-people.
Even though we're about when you should avoid having to pay the doorway fee in the Palm Springs Art Museum, bear in mind the primary Palm Springs campus and also the Palm Desert campus both offer free admission every second Sunday from the month.


Chic, graphic tone-on-tone checks rework the iconic Florence women's shirt dress. Its long cut and tie belt made this cotton piece really versatile and easy to mix and match. It has long sleeves as well as a tone-on-tone embroidered Vilebrequin turtle.


The Enneagram Monthly was founded in 1995 for the purpose of gathering and disseminating information on the Enneagram, a system most commonly (although not exclusively) used for personality typing. We at the Monthly are committed to maintaining a completely open forum for the discussion of enneagram ideas, whether in the form of formal research, enneagram theory, personal stories, or interviews with leading enneagram figures. Our publication is unique in our commitment to diversity, in that we are open to input from all schools, teachers, and students of the enneagram, regardless of organizational affiliation.
Back issues (paper) are available for $5 in the USA, $6 in Canada & Mexico, or $8 worldwide, per issue including shipping.
Annual bound volumes of the years 1995-2010 are available for $35 in the USA, $36 in Canada & Mexico, or $45 worldwide, per volume including shipping.
Because we have no organizational dues, we are entirely sustained by subscriptions, advertisers, and the very generous support of contributing authors, without whom we could not continue to operate. Please check out our past issues or contact us about the availability of back issues.
If you would like to make a donation, we would be grateful for your support. Your donations will go toward furthering research on the Enneagram.


text:
Nobel Lit Prize to be announced 10 Oct; Algerian Assia Djebar among guesses
As the Nobel season kicks off Monday, the Nobel Literature Prize winner will be announced on Thursday, 10 October, says the Swedish academy
AFP, Monday 7 Oct 2013
The Nobel Prize medal
China Nobel winner Mo Yan defies critics
First Arabic translation of Nobel prize laureate Mo Yan's 'Red Sorghum Clan'
Meet Chinese Mo Yan winner of Nobel Literature Prize 2012
Munro, Murakami and Roth among Nobel literature favourites
Nobel Prize permanent secretary Peter Englund will make the much-awaited announcement for the Nobel Literature Prize winner in Stockholm on Thursday 10 October at 1:00 pm (1100 GMT).
The date for the literature prize -- traditionally announced on a Thursday during the Nobel week -- is revealed only a few days in advance, while the dates for the other prizes are known several months ahead of time.
The Nobel season kicks off Monday with the announcement of the medicine prize, followed by the physics prize on Tuesday and chemistry on Wednesday. The peace prize winner is scheduled to be announced on Friday, and the economics prize on Monday, 14 October.
In line with tradition, the Swedish Academy gave no indication of its choice for the literature prize. It never reveals the names it is considering, and its deliberations are sealed for 50 years.
No favourites have emerged for the 2013 prize, but bookmaker Ladbrokes had Japanese author Haruki Murakami as the favourite with 3-to-1 odds, followed by US novelist Joyce Carol Oates at 6-to-1, Hungary's Peter Nadas at 7-to-1 and Norwegian author and dramatist Jon Fosse at 9-to-1.
Experts in Stockholm's literary circles suggested Belarussian writer Svetlana Alexievich or Algerian novelist Assia Djebar.
Last year, the honour went to Chinese novelist Mo Yan.
Nobel Literature Prize


The May Camp is Full. Currently only accepting Elephant registrations for the July Camp!
Each camp will have three fun filled mornings of crafts, playground fun, games, and bounce houses!
Giraffes: 2 years old by May 1, 2019 – Age group is FULL for both camps.
Elephants: 3-6 years old by May 1, 2019 – Age group is FULL for the May camp.
Online Registration – Both camp are currently full. Contact Vanessa Irelan for wait list opportunities.
Registrations will be accepted on a first come first serve basis. A limited number of spaces are available. A $50 registration fee per child is due when registering to hold your spot.
Due to the amount of staff and supplies needed for these camps, registration fees cannot be refunded after May 23 for camp 1 and July 3 for camp 2. The 3% transaction fee is nonrefundable.
Proceeds from these camps provide church camp scholarships.


Brie Larson and Alex Greenwald are going their separate ways.
The 29-year-old Captain Marvel star and her rocker fiance have called off their engagement, according to multiple reports.
"They have taken a step back from their engagement for the time being but they remain close," a source told People, who was first to report the split.
Larson and Greenwald, 29, got engaged in May of 2016. The Room actress began dating the former Phantom Planet frontman in 2013. The last photo that Larson posted of the two together on her Instagram was on Nov. 23, 2018.
"'Happiness quite unshared can scarcely be called happiness; it has no taste.' #CharlotteBrontë," she captioned the Polaroid pic.
In 2016, Larson gushed to ET about her then-boyfriend while backstage at the Screen Actor's Guild Awards.
While accepting the award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role for Room, cameras cut to Alex in the audience sweetly mouthing the words, "I love you, too" to his lady.
See the sweet moment in the video below.


text:
Q: Cannot boot windows from usb, but linux works I seek for technical understanding. I was able to solve my issue using a DVD, but would like to understand it.
I have an old laptop here (Medion Akoya E7212, to be precise). I tried getting Windows 10 and Windows 7 booted off an usb-stick, but both failed. I tried using https://www.ventoy.net/ and a different tool that, opposed to Ventoy, creates a USB-Stick with just one system.
I already used this same method / USB-Stick successfully on a different laptop. I also used it on the Medion laptop with Linux systems and it booted just fine.
Just, for some reason, using the Medion laptop with Windows 10, it starts booting from the stick, but then gets stuck with a black screen and just a white underscore blinking in the top left of the screen. (I have not left it on for hours, but while the DVD went on from that state immediately the USB stayed there for 10 Minutes).
If you have some insight on what might cause that I am happy to know.
Please DO NOT discuss my choice of OS and stay to the topic of the question. There are specific and very valid reasons why I do what I do. I exclusively look for knowledge on what may cause this behaviour!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The End of Cinema
The Chinese Cinema
Rankings 1980-1989
year-by-year rankings 6 Comments rankings
1980 Endy Awards
1. The Empire Strikes Back
2. The Big Red One
3. Heaven's Gate
4. The Shining
5. Dangerous Encounters – First Kind
6. Airplane!
7. The Blues Brothers
8. Popeye
9. The Victim
10. The Fog
11. Caddyshack
12. The Young Master
13. Nine to Five
14. The Sword
15. Kagemusha
16. The Happenings
17. Dressed to Kill
18. Encounters of the Spooky Kind
19. Moana with Sound
20. Ordinary People
21. Mon oncle d'Amérique
22. We're Going to Eat You
23. The Enigmatic Case
24. Flash Gordon
25. The Spooky Bunch
26. Cute Girl
27. Return to the 36th Chamber
28. The Buddhist Fist
29. Raging Bull
30. Breaker Morant
31. Heroes Shed No Tears
32. The Stunt Man
33. Stardust Memories
34. Clan of the White Lotus
35. Shogun Assassin
36. Superman II
37. Friday the 13th
38. American Gigolo
39. Laughing Time
40. The Gods Must Be Crazy
41. Herbie Goes Bananas
1. Raiders of the Lost Ark
2. Excalibur
3. One from the Heart
4. Reds
6. The Story of Woo Viet
7. Modern Romance
8. Le pont du Nord
9. They All Laughed
10. The Aviator's Wife
11. The Prodigal Son
12. My Young Auntie
13. The Road Warrior
14. Yokohama BJ Blues
15. Thief
16. The Garden of Earthly Delights
17. Cutter's Way
18. Escape from New York
19. Martial Club
20. Time Bandits
21. The Great Muppet Caper
22. Lola
23. Dreadnaught
24. Das Boot
25. Stripes
26. Security Unlimited
28. Blow Out
29. Body Heat
30. The Evil Dead
31. My Dinner with Andre
32. An American Werewolf in London
33. Masked Avengers
34. Gallipoli
35. Clash of the Titans
36. Halloween II
37. For Your Eyes Only
38. Return of the Sentimental Swordsman
39. Victory
40. All the Wrong Clues (…For the Right Solution)
41. On Golden Pond
42. Play While You Play (aka Cheerful Wind)
43. Neighbors
44. Taps
45. Chariots of Fire
46. The Fox and the Hound
47. Dragonslayer
1. Nomad
3. Chan is Missing
4. The Miracle Fighters
5. Fitzcarraldo
6. Conan the Barbarian
7. The Thing
8. White Dog
9. The Slumber Party Massacre
10. Boat People
11. Ninja in the Dragon's Den
12. A Good Marriage
13. Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
14. The Atomic Café
15. The Secret of NIMH
16. Passion
17. The Verdict
18. In Our Time
19. Blade Runner
20. Carry On Pickpocket
21. The Green Green Grass of Home
22. Halloween III: Season of the Witch
23. Une chambre en ville
24. Fast Times at Ridgemont High
25. Buddha's Palm
26. Burden of Dreams
27. Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid
28. Poltergeist
29. The Dead and the Deadly
30. Legendary Weapons of China
31. First Blood
32. Legend of a Fighter
33. King of Comedy
34. Airplane II: The Sequel
35. An Officer and a Gentleman
36. 48 Hrs
37. Rocky III
38. Sophie's Choice
39. Human Lanterns
40. Aces Go Places
41. Cannery Row
42. An Exercise in Discipline – Peel
43. Cat People
44. House of Traps
45. Centipede Horror
46. Tootsie
47. Five Element Ninjas
48. The World According to Garp
49. Gandhi
50. Brave Archer and His Mate
51. Diner
52. Tron
53. Annie
54. The Man from Snowy River
55. Cat vs. Rat
56. The Dark Crystal
57. Pink Floyd: The Wall
58. The Man Who Saves the World (Turkish Star Wars)
1. Sans soleil
2. The Right Stuff
3. Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence
4. Pauline at the Beach
5. Zu: Warriors from the Magic Mountain
6. Videodrome
7. Michael Jackson's Thriller
8. Scarface
9. Christine
10. Conquest
11. The Dead Zone
12. The Boxer's Omen
13. The Boys from Fengkuei
14. Three Crowns of the Sailor
15. That Day, On the Beach
16. Return of the Jedi
17. Zelig
19. Winners & Sinners
20. WarGames
21. Project A
22. The Hunger
23. Growing Up
24. Aces Go Places II
25. Strange Brew
26. Duel to the Death
27. The Lady is the Boss
28. Something Wicked This Way Comes
29. The Sandwich Man
30. Shaolin Intruders
31. National Lampoon's Vacation
32. Eddie Murphy: Delirious
34. Shaolin vs. Lama
35. Seeding of a Ghost
36. Risky Business
37. Never Cry Wolf
38. Sleepaway Camp
39. Monty Python's The Meaning of Life
40. The Outsiders
41. A Christmas Story
42. Gorky Park
43. Brainstorm
44. Holy Flame of the Martial World
45. Twilight Zone: The Movie
46. Octopussy
47. Mr. Mom
48. Superman III
49. Never Say Never Again
50. The High Road to China
51. Krull
1. Shanghai Blues
2. Wheels on Meals
3. Stranger Than Paradise
4. Starman
5. The Eight-Diagram Pole Fighter
6. Choose Me
7. Stop Making Sense
8. Gremlins
9. This Is Spinal Tap
10. The Terminator
11. Long Arm of the Law
12. Body Double
13. Amadeus
14. Ghostbusters
15. Purple Rain
16. Love in a Fallen City
17. Yellow Earth
18. Streets of Fire
19. The Cotton Club
20. The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension
21. Love Streams
22. Footloose
23. The Natural
24. Boy Meets Girl
25. A Summer at Grandpa's
26. Full Moon in Paris
27. Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind
28. The Times of Harvey Milk
29. The Karate Kid
30. Repo Man
31. Blood Simple
32. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
33. Cherie
34. Sixteen Candles
35. Furious
36. Once Upon a Time in America
37. Dune
38. The Siamese Twins
39. Broadway Danny Rose
40. The Happy Ghost
41. Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
42. Teppanyaki
43. Red Dawn
44. Paris, Texas
45. Beverly Hills Cop
46. Top Secret!
47. The Bounty
48. The Muppets Take Manhattan
49. Breakin'
50. Drunken Tai Chi
51. Cloak & Dagger
52. Dreamscape
53. Aces Go Places III: Our Man from Bond Street
54. Conan the Destroyer
55. The Last Starfighter
56. Abnormal Family: Older Brother's Bride
57. Revenge of the Nerds
58. The Killing Fields
59. Romancing the Stone
60. Police Academy
61. Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan
63. The Never Ending Story
64. Splash
65. Supergirl
66. Nightmare on Elm Street
67. Tank
1. Ran
2. The Time to Live, The Time to Die
3. Police Story
4. Desperately Seeking Susan
5. Taipei Story
6. To Live and Die in LA
7. After Hours
8. Yes, Madam
9. A Room with a View
10. Trouble in Mind
11. My Name Ain't Suzie
12. Day of the Dead
13. Lost in America
14. Back to the Future
15. The Purple Rose of Cairo
16. Silverado
17. Out of Africa
18. Ladyhawke
19. Clue
20. Working Class
21. Women
22. Come and See
23. The Illegal Immigrant
24. Brazil
25. Return to Oz
26. The Breakfast Club
27. Pee-Wee's Big Adventure
28. The Legend of the Stardust Brothers
29. Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome
30. Twinkle Twinkle Lucky Stars
31. Explorers
32. Disciples of the 36th Chamber
33. Fletch
34. Mr. Vampire
35. Commando
36. My Lucky Stars
37. Real Genius
38. The Color Purple
39. The Goonies
40. Rocky IV
41. Witness
42. Puppy Love
43. Weird Science
44. Mismatched Couples
45. That's Dancing!
46. Happy Ghost II
47. Young Sherlock Holmes
48. National Lampoon's European Vacation
49. Rambo: First Blood Part II
50. Journey of the Doomed
51. St. Elmo's Fire
52. The Black Cauldron
53. Teen Wolf
54. Spies Like Us
55. Legend
56. D.A.R.Y.L.
57. White Nights
58. A View to a Kill
59. The Man with One Red Shoe
60. King Solomon's Mines
61. Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment
62. Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins
63. The Jewel of the Nile
64. Red Sonja
1. The Green Ray
2. The Terrorizers
3. Peking Opera Blues
4. A Better Tomorrow
5. His Motorbike, Her Island
6. Aliens
7. The Fly
8. Bound for the Fields, the Mountains and the Seacoast
9. Big Trouble in Little China
10. Manhunter
11. Dream Lovers
12. Platoon
13. Righting Wrongs
14. The Horse Thief
15. Hannah and Her Sisters
16. Love Unto Waste
17. Peggy Sue Got Married
18. The Mission
19. Dust in the Wind
20. Top Gun
21. Down By Law
22. Hoosiers
23. Royal Warriors
24. The Color of Money
25. Something Wild
26. Sunday in the Park with George
28. Ferris Bueller's Day Off
29. Jimi Plays Monterey
30. Castle in the Sky
31. Pretty in Pink
32. 'Round Midnight
33. Millionaire's Express
34. Under the Cherry Moon
35. The Name of the Rose
36. Labyrinth
37. Salvador
38. Martial Arts of Shaolin
39. The Armour of God
40. Happy Ghost III
41. Aces Go Places IV: You Never Die Twice
42. Blue Velvet
43. The Karate Kid Part II
45. Three Amigos
46. Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home
47. The River's Edge
48. Sherman's March
49. Stand By Me
50. She's Gotta Have It
51. Howard the Duck
52. The Transformers: The Movie
53. The Great Mouse Detective
54. Heat
55. The Golden Child
56. The Magic Crystal
57. Down and Out in Beverly Hills
58. Sid and Nancy
59. Short Circuit
60. Crocodile Dundee
61. Flight of the Navigator
62. No Retreat, No Surrender
63. SpaceCamp
64. Where's Officer Tuba?
65. Gung Ho
67. Wildcats
68. Police Academy 3: Back in Training
69. Iron Eagle
70. Highlander
71. F/X
72. Gothic
1. Broadcast News
2. City on Fire
4. Rouge
5. Ishtar
6. Predator
7. Final Victory
8. Red Sorghum
9. Evil Dead II
10. Eastern Condors
11. Raising Arizona
12. Prince of Darkness
13. An Autumn's Tale
14. Moonstruck
15. A Chinese Ghost Story
16. My Girlfriend's Boyfriend
17. Daughter of the Nile
18. RoboCop
19. Mirage
20. Empire of the Sun
21. The Romance of Book and Sword/Princess Fragrance
22. The Witches of Eastwick
23. Neo Tokyo
24. Full Metal Jacket
25. Magnificent Warriors
26. Slumber Party Massacre II
27. Matewan
28. Near Dark
29. Project A 2
30. Wings of Desire
31. Radio Days
32. The Living Daylights
33. Prison on Fire
34. No Way Out
35. The Last Emperor
36. Throw Mama from the Train
37. Planes, Trains and Automobiles
38. Roxanne
39. Withnail & I
40. Some Kind of Wonderful
41. Lethal Weapon
42. Babette's Feast
43. Dirty Dancing
44. Iron Angels
46. A Better Tomorrow II
47. Adventures in Babysitting
48. Innerspace
49. Woman Demon Human
50. The Untouchables
51. Beverly Hills Cop II
52. Dragnet
53. Rich and Famous
54. Heaven
55. Seven Years Itch
56. Spaceballs
57. Wall Street
58. Maurice
59. Tragic Hero
60. The Secret of My Success
61. The Romancing Star
62. Good Morning, Vietnam
63. Fatal Attraction
64. The Lost Boys
65. The Haunted Cop Shop
66. Stakeout
67. The Running Man
68. Three Men and a Baby
69. La Bamba
70. Suspect
71. Batteries Not Included
72. Project X
74. Harry and the Hendersons
75. Baby Boom
76. Allan Quartermain and the Lost City of Gold
77. Ernest Goes to Camp
78. Summer School
79. Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol
80. Back to the Beach
81. Masters of the Universe
82. Teen Wolf Too
83. Superman IV: The Quest for Peace
1. My Neighbor Totoro
2. School on Fire
3. The Last Temptation of Christ
4. Dangerous Liaisons
5. Distant Voices, Still Lives
6. They Live
8. The Moderns
9. Painted Faces
10. As Tears Go By
11. Bull Durham
12. Who Framed Roger Rabbit
13. Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown
14. Heathers
15. Eight Men Out
16. Chocolat
17. Beetlejuice
18. The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad
19. Akira
21. Grave of the Fireflies
22. The Thin Blue Line
23. Tiger on the Beat
24. Chicken and Duck Talk
25. Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
26. The Eighth Happiness
27. Midnight Run
28. Starry is the Night
29. Coming to America
30. The Big Heat
31. Stand And Deliver
32. Hairspray
33. Police Story 2
34. A Fish Called Wanda
35. The Milagro Beanfield War
36. Gangs
37. Tiger Cage
39. Final Justice
40. Dragons Forever
41. Frantic
42. Iron Angels II
43. The Vanishing
44. In the Line of Duty 3
45. Gorillas in the Mist
46. Alien Nation
47. Songs from the Life of Leonard Cohen
48. Paper Marriage
49. The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
50. Rain Man
51. The Accused
52. License to Drive
53. Young Guns
54. Scrooged
55. Shoot to Kill
56. Working Girl
57. Talk Radio
58. Big
59. Mystic Pizza
60. Comic Book Confidential
61. Twins
62. Biloxi Blues
63. The Seventh Sign
64. Beaches
65. Mississippi Burning
66. Funny Farm
67. The Presidio
68. The Great Outdoors
69. Big Business
70. Red Heat
71. I Love Maria
72. Crocodile Dundee II
73. Rambo III
74. Short Circuit 2
75. Cocktail
76. The Dead Pool
77. Action Jackson
78. Caddyshack II
79. My Stepmother is an Alien
80. Police Academy 5: Assignment: Miami Beach
1. Do the Right Thing
2. The Killer
3. A City of Sadness
4. Kiki's Delivery Service
5. Henry V
6. Pedicab Driver
7. A Better Tomorrow III: Love and Death in Saigon
8. When Harry Met Sally. . .
9. My Heart is that Eternal Rose
10. Eight Taels of Gold
11. All About Ah-Long
12. The 'Burbs
13. God of Gamblers
14. A Fishy Story
15. Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure
16. Full Moon in New York
17. Lonesome Dove
18. Wallace & Grommit: A Grand Day Out
19. Batman
20. The Abyss
21. Miracles: Mr. Canton & Lady Rose
22. Field of Dreams
23. Drugstore Cowboy
24. Violent Cop
25. Say Anything. . .
26. Dead Poets Society
27. Mystery Train
28. Glory
30. Crimes and Misdemeanors
31. License To Kill
32. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
33. Sweetie
34. Casino Raiders
35. Roger & Me
36. Major League
37. The Decalogue
38. Back to the Future Part II
39. Valmont
40. Road House
41. UHF
42. The Fabulous Baker Boys
43. Wild Search
44. The Iceman Cometh
45. Lethal Weapon 2
46. National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation
47. Aces Go Places V: The Terracotta Hit
48. Cinema Paradiso
49. Steel Magnolias
50. The Blonde Fury
51. The Little Mermaid
52. Weekend at Bernie's
53. Parenthood
54. Honey, I Shrunk the Kids
55. Iron Angels III
56. My Left Foot
57. Just Heroes
58. Look Who's Talking
60. Princess Madam
61. Family Business
62. The Dream Team
63. Three Fugitives
64. Ghostbusters II
65. Her Alibi
66. The Gods Must Be Crazy II
67. Uncle Buck
68. Sex, Lies and Videotape
69. Turner & Hooch
70. See No Evil, Hear No Evil
71. Fletch Lives
72. The Karate Kid Part III
73. The Wizard
74. Troop Beverly Hills
75. We're No Angels
76. K-9
77. Star Trek V: The Final Frontier
78. Who's Harry Crumb?
79. Police Academy 6: City Under Siege
6 thoughts on "Rankings 1980-1989"
I commented on your old site on changing years on IMDB and here's another one….The King of Comedy is now 1982, not 1983. Apparently it first screened in Iceland in December of 1982 (http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=1567189&lang=0). Bizarre. And by the way, thanks for referring me to the current site….
Jamie Vann Struth (@JamieVannStruth) , June 30, 2016 at 10:35 am
Thanks, will update!
Sean Gilman , June 30, 2016 at 4:11 pm
Hi again Sean – Heathers is now showing on IMDB as 1988, not 1989.
Jamie Vann Struth (@JamieVannStruth) , July 16, 2016 at 6:17 pm
Thanks! Looks like they added a showing at Milan's Film Market (long since defunct) in October of that year.
Sean Gilman , July 17, 2016 at 6:06 am
Hello Sean – Stanley Kwan's Rouge now showing on IMDB for 1987, not 1988: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093258/releaseinfo?ref_=tt_ov_inf
JamieVannStruth , November 22, 2016 at 11:19 am
Thanks, I'll make the change.
Sean Gilman , November 22, 2016 at 3:39 pm
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The Best Older Movies I Saw in 2021
This Week in Rankings
The Best Older Movie… on The Best Older Movies I Saw in…
endy awards
running out of karma
year-by-year rankings


AGRO-VETERINARY NIGERIA : Agribusiness, Agriculture,Cassava Flakes And Veterinary Medicine.: How a form 2 drop-out is making money from banana flour.
How a form 2 drop-out is making money from banana flour.
How a form 2 drop-out is making money from banana flour. Afros Ochieng Otieno dropped out of school in form two at Nyamusi Boys school due to lack of school fees in 2001 and was forced to do casual jobs such as weeding people's farms for thirteen years. In July 2014, however, he and nine other friends started a self-help group to add value to bananas, a venture that is earning him Sh3,000 in profits daily. The group converts banana fingers into flour for baking bread, cakes and dough nuts. Besides, Ochieng converts banana peels which are usually dumped as waste into a fine medicinal powder that can be used to treat ulcers. How a form 2 drop-out is making money from banana flour.


text:
Kisbelleg (régebben: Belleg, szlovákul: Belek) a Szlovákia területén található Bellegszencse településrésze.

Fekvése
A Nyitrai kerület Érsekújvári járásában, a Garam-menti dombság nyugati részén, Lévától 23 km-re délnyugatra, Barsfüsstől 4 km-re délre, Nagymányától 7 km-re délkeletre, Érsekújvártól 19 km-re északkeletre, Nagysuránytól 13 km-re keletre található. A völgytalpi útifalu 1960-ban egyesült – Bellegszencse (szlovákul: Podhájska) néven – a vele nyugatról egybeépült Szencsével.

Kultúra, népesség
(Bellegszencse – azon belül a lassan nemzetközi hírű termálfürdő – történetével, jelenlegi helyzetével, valamint Szencse falu egyesítést megelőző történetével külön szócikkben foglalkozunk.)

A lakosok döntő többsége római katolikus, akik a nagymányai plébánia kisbellegi filiáját alkotják. (2002 júliusáig a barsfüssi plébániához tartoztak.) Az itt élők döntő többsége szlovák nemzetiségű.

Gazdaság

Aktív korú lakói többségének jelenleg még a mezőgazdaság és a környék (leginkább Érsekújvár, Léva) ipari, kereskedelmi és szolgáltatóegységei nyújtanak megélhetést, de egyre több azok száma, akik a növekvő idegenforgalomból is profitálnak.

Történelem

A területen a régészek neolit korabeli (Kr. e. 4000-ből való) és római kori barbár leleteket tártak fel. A település első említése – Bilegi formában – 1075-ből való. Ebben az – egyes történészek szerint utólag hamisított – oklevélben I. Géza a Szent Benedek-rendieknek (garamszentbenedeki apátság) adományozott kétekényi itteni földterületet.

A település neve személynév eredetű, egyes feltevések szerint a később Zala vármegyében elterjedt Billege családra utal. Az alapul szolgáló személynév eredete is vitatott. A magyar történészek az ótörök eredet mellett érvelnek, míg a szlovákok szerint a szláv "Bielek" személynévre vezethető vissza. Vannak azonban olyan nézetek is, hogy a magyar "billeg" igéből, esetleg a "(barázda)billegető" madárnévből ered a falu neve.

Kezdeti időkben lakói inkább magyarok lehettek. 1156-ban – amikor Beleg a neve – már a barsi esperesség egyik kevésbé jövedelmező egyháza, melynek dézsmáját az esztergomi érsek átadta a káptalannak.
1209-ben a pápa megerősítette az apátságot a falu birtoklásában.
1245-ben Rendvei Salamon az itteni és pozbai földjét 4 ezüst M-ért eladta Pethe fia Herc-nek.

1299-ben – amikor Byleg néven említik – Bethe fia Tamás a birtokosa. A XIII. sz. végén Bellegi Lampert itteni földeket vett zálogba Rendvei Pétertől.
Az 1284-ben említett Bellegi László (Bakai Mihály szerviense) egyesek szerint a faluból származott. 1317-ben Csák Máté visszaadta Belleget Lampert fia Andrásnak.

1331-ben – Vythalius fia Lampert halála után – az özvegy a birtokot az esztergomi érsekre hagyományozta, majd amikor 1332-ben Lampert lánya, Katha is özvegységre jutott, az ő birtokrészét 50 M-ért vásárolta meg az érsek.

1395-től Baracskai János a falu legnagyobb földesura, majd 1413-ban a Balogh család tulajdonába került. 1426-ban Belygh néven említik egy vitás föld kapcsán.

A 16. század elején – a lévai uradalom falujaként – Lévai Zsigmond, később Haraszti Ferenc a földbirtokosa. 1512-ben a pálosok kapták egy részét ajándékba, akik megépítették határában a máriacsaládi (Mariánskej Ceľadi) kolostort.

A török időkben elpusztult Belleget a XVII. században tótokkal népesítették újra. 1786-ban II. József feloszlatta a pálos rendet, s onnantól ismét az esztergomi érsek a legnagyobb földesúr.

Az egyház mellett azonban több birtokos is osztozott a falun. 1851-ben Fényes Elek az alábbiakat jegyezte fel a településről:
"Bellegh tót falu Bars vármegyében, Füss filialisa, 247 katholikus lakos.
Határa olyan mint Baracskáé.

(Dombos, de termékeny; legelője sok, és juhoknak nagyon egészséges; erdeje derék, szilvás s más gyümölcsös kertjei messze kiterjednek; bort is termeszt.)
Utolsó postája Verebély".

A településsel kapcsolatos okiratokon a Heimann, a Kurucz és a Turányi családnevek is szerepelnek. Belleg falu nevét Kisbellegre 1906-ban változtatták. A XX. század elején a Bars vármegye verebélyi járásához tartozó kisközség római katolikus elemi iskolával, KALOT szervezettel, vendéglővel, valamint 286 tót és cigány lakossal (1910) rendelkezett.

Körjegyzőségi székhelye, utolsó postája és távíróhivatala Barsfüssön működött. Lakói jobbára földművelésből és állattenyésztésből éltek, de többeknek az erdészet és a közlekedés adott megélhetést.

Trianon döntése következtében 1920-ban Csehszlovákiához került, s 1927-ben Belek formára tótosodott a neve.
1930-ban a 491 lakosa közül 422 vallotta magát szlováknak.

1938-1945 között ismét Magyarországhoz tartozott.

A magyar szempontból vesztes második világháborút követően újra Csehszlovákiának adták.
1960-ban – Szencsével történt egyesítésekor – önálló történelmét elveszítette, onnantól Bellegszencséhez tartozik.

Az egyesített település 1993-tól – a csehszlovák állam felbomlása óta – Szlovákia része.

Látnivalók
 Kisbelleg legjelentősebb építészeti értéke az 1905-ben (más források szerint a XIX. század végén) épült, 1906 augusztusában Szűz Mária tiszteletére felszentelt, homlokzati tornyos római katolikus kápolna.
 Említést érdemel még a templom előtt álló Szűz Mária-szobor is.

Források
 Keglevich Kristóf 2012: A garamszentbenedeki apátság története az Árpád- és az Anjou-korban (1075-1403). Szeged, 180.

Kisbelleg
Bars vármegye települései

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
FORMULA CONSENSUS HELVETICA.
COMPOSED AT ZURICH, A. D. 1675, BY JOHN HENRY HEIDEGGER, OF ZURICH, ASSISTED BY FRANCIS TURRETINE, OF GENEVA, AND LUKE GERNLER, OF BASLE, AND DESIGNED TO CONDEMN AND EXCLUDE THAT MODIFIED FORM OF CALVINISM, WHICH, IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, EMANATED FROM THE THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL AT SAUMUR, REPRESENTED BY AMYRAULT, PLACAEUS, AND DAILLE; ENTITLED "FORM OF AGREEMENT OF THE HELVETIC REFORMED CHURCHES RESPECTING THE DOCTRINE OF UNIVERSAL GRACE, THE DOCTRINES CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND SOME OTHER POINTS."
(As Found Translated in A.A. Hodge's "Outlines of Theology.")
Ever since the end of the Reformation period in the 1600s, an unending variety of new doctrines, and resurrected heresies, have been brought forth both by those who would start new sects, and also those who would seek to modify the churches already organized in the days of Scripture-directed progress. Sadly, in many cases these ideas have been embraced or tolerated until even those churches whose official constitutions and confessions assert the contrary truths, were no longer concerned about the seriousness or harmfulness of these errors. But in some cases, efforts have been made to guard and defend the Truth of Jesus Christ, or raise a faithful warning and testimony against the errors of false teachers. The document, or "Canons" which follow will demonstrate that many of the ideas which now weaken and corrupt churches identified as "Reformed," (such as belief in a universal atonement, and denial of the providential preservation of the Holy Scriptures,) were early considered and rejected by the Reformed Churches. The ideas and theories condemned here do not constitute a "new tradition" or "new light" which should be admired or classified as a "new school," but doctrines of a deviant character, serving to undermine our confessional orthodoxy, and bring Scripture-truth into doubt.
Sections 1- 3: The Scriptures, their Preservation, and Reliability.
Sections 4- 6: God's Eternal Purpose and Election.
Sections 7- 9: The Covenant of Works.
Sections 10-12: Hereditary Corruption and Immediately Imputed Sin.
Sections 13-14: Christ's Surety-relation and Procuring of Benefits for the Elect.
Sections 15-16: Christ's Active and Passive Obedience Imputed to the Elect.
Sections 17-18: The Extent of the Gospel Call.
Sections 19-20: The Purpose and Efficacy of the External Call of the Gospel.
Sections 21-22: The Inability of the Fallen Natural Man to Believe.
Sections 23-25: Two Promises of Justification and Two Covenants.
Section 26: Conclusion against Vain Babblings that contradict known Truth.
CANONS.
[ The Scriptures, their Preservation, and Reliability. ]
I. God, the Supreme Judge, not only took care to have His word, which is the "power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth" (Rom. 1.16), committed to writing by Moses, the Prophets, and the Apostles, but has also watched and cherished it with paternal care ever since it was written up to the present time, so that it could not be corrupted by craft of Satan or fraud of man. Therefore the Church justly ascribes it to His singular grace and goodness that she has, and will have to the end of the world, a "sure word of prophecy" and "Holy Scriptures" (2 Tim. 3.15), from which, though heaven and earth perish, "one jot or one tittle, shall in no wise pass." (Matt. 5.18).
II. But, in particular, the Hebrew Original of the Old Testament, which we have received and to this day do retain as handed down by the Jewish Church, unto whom formerly "were committed the oracles of God" (Rom. 3.2), is, not only in its consonants, but in its vowels—either the vowel points themselves, or at least the power of the points—not only in its matter, but in its words, inspired of God, thus forming, {657} together with the Original of the New Testament, the sole and complete rule of our faith and life; and to its standard, as to a Lydian stone, all extant versions, oriental and occidental, ought to be applied, and wherever they differ, be conformed.
III. Therefore we can by no means approve the opinion of those who declare that the text which the Hebrew Original exhibits was determined by man's will alone, and do not scruple at all to remodel a Hebrew reading which they consider unsuitable, and amend it from the Greek Versions of the LXX and others, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Chaldee Targums, or even from other sources, yea, sometimes from their own reason alone; and furthermore, they do not acknowledge any other reading to be genuine except that which can be educed by the critical power of the human judgment from the collation of editions with each other and with the various readings of the Hebrew Original itself which, they maintain, has been corrupted in various ways; and finally, they affirm that besides the Hebrew edition of the present time, there are in the Versions of the ancient interpreters which differ from our Hebrew context other Hebrew Originals, since these Versions are also indicative of ancient Hebrew Originals differing from each other. Thus they bring the foundation of our faith and its inviolable authority into perilous hazard.
[ God's Eternal Purpose and Election. ]
IV. Before the foundation of the world God purposed in Christ Jesus, our Lord, an eternal purpose (Eph. 3.11), in which, from the mere good pleasure of His own will, without any prevision of the merit of works or of faith, unto the praise of His glorious grace, out of the human race lying in the same mass of corruption and of common blood, and, therefore, corrupted by sin, He elected a certain and definite number to be led, in time, unto salvation by Christ, their Surety and sole Mediator, and on account of His merit, by the mighty power of the regenerating Holy Spirit, to be effectually called, regenerated, and gifted with faith and repentance. So, indeed, God, determining to illustrate His glory, decreed to create man perfect, in the first place, then, permit him to fall, and at length pity some of the fallen, and therefore elect those, but leave the rest in the corrupt mass, and finally give them over to eternal destruction.
V. In that gracious decree of Divine Election, moreover, Christ himself is also included, not as the meritorious cause, or foundation anterior to Election itself, but as being Himself also elect (1 Peter 2.4,6), foreknown before the foundation of the world, and accordingly, as the first requisite of the execution of the decree of Election, chosen Mediator, and our first born Brother, whose precious merit God determined to use for the purpose of conferring, without detriment to His own justice, salvation upon us. For the Holy Scriptures not only declare that Election was made according to the mere good pleasure of the Divine counsel and will (Eph. 1.5,9; Matt. 11.26), but also make the appointment and giving of Christ, our Mediator, to proceed from the strenuous love of God the Father toward the world of the elect.
VI. Wherefore we can not give suffrage to the opinion of those who teach:—(1) that God, moved by philanthropy, or a sort of special love for the fallen human race, to previous election, did, in a kind of conditioned willing—willingness—first moving of pity, as they call it—inefficacious desire—purpose the salvation of all and each, at least, conditionally, i.e., if they would believe; (2) that He appointed Christ Mediator for all and each of the fallen; and (3) that, at length, certain ones whom He regarded, not simply as sinners in the first Adam, but as redeemed {658} in the second Adam, He elected, i.e., He determined to graciously bestow on these, in time, the saving gift of faith; and in this sole act Election properly so called is complete. For these and all other kindred teachings are in no wise insignificant deviations from the form of sound words respecting Divine Election; because the Scriptures do not extend unto all and each God's purpose of showing mercy to man, but restrict it to the elect alone, the reprobate being excluded, even by name, as Esau, whom God hated with an eternal hatred (Rom. 9.10-13). The same Holy Scriptures testify that the counsel and the will of God change not, but stand immovable, and God in the heavens doeth whatsoever he will (Psalm 115.3; Isa. 46.10); for God is infinitely removed from all that human imperfection which characterizes inefficacious affections and desires, rashness, repentance, and change of purpose. The appointment, also, of Christ, as Mediator, equally with the salvation of those who were given to Him for a possession and an inheritance that can not be taken away, proceeds from one and the same Election, and does not underly Election as its foundation.
[ The Covenant of Works. ]
VII. As all His works were known unto God from eternity (Acts 15.18), so in time, according to His infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, He made man, the glory and end of His works, in His own image, and, therefore, upright, wise, and just. Him, thus constituted, He put under the Covenant of Works, and in this Covenant freely promised him communion with God, favor, and life, if indeed he acted in obedience to His will.
VIII. Moreover that promise annexed to the Covenant of Works was not a continuation only of earthly life and happiness, but the possession especially of life eternal and celestial, a life, namely, of both body and soul in heaven—if indeed man ran the course of perfect obedience—with unspeakable joy in communion with God. For not only did the Tree of Life prefigure this very thing unto Adam, but the power of the law, which, being fulfilled by Christ, who went under it in our stead, awards to us no other than celestial life in Christ who kept the righteousness of the law (Rom. 2.26), manifestly proves the same, as also the opposite threatening of death both temporal and eternal.
IX. Wherefore we can not assent to the opinion of those who deny that a reward of heavenly bliss was proffered to Adam on condition of obedience to God, and do not admit that the promise of the Covenant of Works was any thing more than a promise of perpetual life abounding in every kind of good that can be suited to the body and soul of man in a state of perfect nature, and the enjoyment thereof in an earthly Paradise. For this also is contrary to the sound sense of the Divine Word, and weakens the power (potestas) of the law in itself considered.
[ Hereditary Corruption and Immediately Imputed Sin. ]
X. As, however, God entered into the Covenant of Works not only with Adam for himself, but also, in him as the head and root (stirps), with the whole human race, who would, by virtue of the blessing of the nature derived from him, inherit also the same perfection, provided he continued therein; so Adam by his mournful fall, not only for himself, but also for the whole human race that would be born of bloods and the will of the flesh, sinned and lost the benefits promised in the Covenant. We hold, therefore, that the sin of Adam is imputed by the mysterious and just judgment of God to all his posterity. For the Apostle testifies that in Adam all sinned, by one man's disobedience many were made sinners (Rom. 5.12,19), and in Adam all die (1 Cor. 15.21,22). But there appears no way in which hereditary corruption could fall, as a spiritual {659} death, upon the whole human race by the just judgment of God, unless some sin (delictum) of that race preceded, incurring (inducens) the penalty (reatum, guilt) of that death. For God, the supremely just Judge of all the earth, punishes none but the guilty.
XI. For a double reason, therefore, man, because of sin (post peccatum) is by nature, and hence from his birth, before committing any actual sin, exposed to God's wrath and curse; first, on account of the transgression and disobedience which he committed in the loins of Adam; and, secondly, on account of the consequent hereditary corruption implanted in his very conception, whereby his whole nature is depraved and spiritually dead; so that original sin may rightly be regarded as twofold, viz., imputed sin and inherent hereditary sin.
XII. Accordingly we can not, without harm to Divine truth, give assent to those who deny that Adam represented his posterity by appointment of God, and that his sin is imputed, therefore, immediately to his posterity; and under the term imputation mediate and consequent not only destroy the imputation of the first sin, but also expose the doctrine (assertio) of hereditary corruption to great danger.
[ Christ's Surety-relation and Procuring of Benefits for the Elect. ]
XIII. As Christ was from eternity elected the Head, Prince, and Lord (Hæres) of all who, in time, are saved by His grace, so also, in time, He was made Surety of the New Covenant only for those who, by the eternal Election, were given to Him as His own people (populus peculii), His seed and inheritance. For according to the determinate counsel of the Father and His own intention, He encountered dreadful death instead of the elect alone, restored only these into the bosom of the Father's grace, and these only he reconciled to God, the offended Father, and delivered from the curse of the law. For our Jesus saves His people from their sins (Matt. 1.21), who gave His life a ransom for many sheep (Matt. 20.28; John 10.15), His own, who hear His voice (John 10.27,28), and for these only He also intercedes, as a divinely appointed Priest, and not for the world (John 17.9). Accordingly in the death of Christ, only the elect, who in time are made new creatures (2 Cor. 5.17), and for whom Christ in His death was substituted as an expiatory sacrifice, are regarded as having died with Him and as being justified from sin; and thus, with the counsel of the Father who gave to Christ none but the elect to be redeemed, and also with the working of the Holy Spirit, who sanctifies and seals unto a living hope of eternal life none but the elect, the will of Christ who died so agrees and amicably conspires in perfect harmony, that the sphere of the Father's election (Patris eligentis), the Son's redemption (Filii redimentis), and the Spirit's sanctification (Spiritus S. sanctificantis) is one and the same (æqualis pateat).
XIV. This very thing further appears in this also, that Christ merited for those in whose stead He died the means of salvation, especially the regenerating Spirit and the heavenly gift of faith, as well as salvation itself, and actually confers these upon them. For the Scriptures testify that Christ, the Lord, came to save the lost sheep of the house of Israel (Matt. 15.24), and sends the same Holy Spirit, the fount of regeneration, as His own (John 16.7,8); that among the better promises of the New Covenant of which He was made Mediator and Surety this one is pre-eminent, that He will write His law, i.e., the law of faith, in the hearts of his people (Heb. 8.10); that whatsoever the Father has given to Christ will come to Him, by faith, surely; and finally, that we are chosen in Christ to be holy and without blame, and, moreover, children by Him (Eph. 1.4,5); but our being holy and children of God proceeds only from faith and the Spirit of regeneration. {660}
[ Christ's Active and Passive Obedience Imputed to the Elect. ]
XV. But by the obedience of his death Christ instead of the elect so satisfied God the Father, that in the estimate, nevertheless, of His vicarious righteousness and of that obedience, all of that which He rendered to the law, as its just servant, during the whole course of His life, whether by doing or by suffering, ought to be called obedience. For Christ's life, according to the Apostle's testimony (Philip. 2.7,8), was nothing but a continuous emptying of self, submission and humiliation, descending step by step to the very lowest extreme, even the death of the Cross; and the Spirit of God plainly declares that Christ in our stead satisfied the law and Divine justice by His most holy life, and makes that ransom with which God has redeemed us to consist not in His sufferings only, but in His whole life conformed to the law. The Spirit, however, ascribes our redemption to the death, or the blood, of Christ, in no other sense than that it was consummated by sufferings; and from that last terminating and grandest act derives a name (denominationem facit) indeed, but in such a way as by no means to separate the life preceding from His death.
XVI. Since all these things are entirely so, surely we can not approve the contrary doctrine of those who affirm that of His own intention, by His own counsel and that of the Father who sent Him, Christ died for all and each upon the impossible condition, provided they believe; that He obtained for all a salvation, which, nevertheless, is not applied to all, and by His death merited salvation and faith for no one individually and certainly (proprie et actu), but only removed the obstacle of Divine justice, and acquired for the Father the liberty of entering into a new covenant of grace with all men; and finally, they so separate the active and passive righteousness of Christ, as to assert that He claims His active righteousness for himself as His own, but gives and imputes only His passive righteousness to the elect. All these opinions, and all that are like these, are contrary to the plain Scriptures and the glory of Christ, who is Author and Finisher of our faith and salvation; they make His cross of none effect, and under the appearance of augmenting His merit, they really diminish it.
[ The Extent of the Gospel Call. ]
XVII. The call unto salvation was suited to its due time (1 Tim. 2.6); since by God's will it was at one time more restricted, at another, more extended and general, but never absolutely universal. For, indeed, in the Old Testament God showed His word unto Jacob, His statutes and His judgments unto Israel; He dealt not so with any nation (Psalm 147.19,20). In the New Testament, peace being made in the blood of Christ and the inner wall of partition broken down, God so extended the limits (pomœria) of Gospel preaching and the external call, that there is no longer any difference between the Jew and the Greek; for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon Him (Rom. 10.12). But not even thus is the call universal; for Christ testifies that many are called (Matt. 20.16), not all; and when Paul and Timothy essayed to go into Bithynia to preach the Gospel, the Spirit suffered them not (Acts 16.7); and there have been and there are to-day, as experience testifies, innumerable myriads of men to whom Christ is not known even by rumor.
XVIII. Meanwhile God left not himself without witness (Acts 14.17) unto those whom He refused to call by His Word unto salvation. For He divided unto them the spectacle of the heavens and the stars (Deut. 4.19), and that which may be known of God, even from the works of nature and Providence, He hath showed unto them (Rom. 1.19), for the purpose of attesting His long suffering. Yet it is not to be affirmed that the works of nature and Divine Providence were means (organa), sufficient {661} of themselves and fulfilling the function of the external call, whereby He would reveal unto them the mystery of the good pleasure or mercy of God in Christ. For the Apostle immediately adds (Rom. 1.20), "The invisible things of Him from the creation are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead; not His hidden good pleasure in Christ, and not even to the end that thence they might learn the mystery of salvation through Christ, but that they might be without excuse, because they did not use aright the knowledge that was left them, but when they knew God, they glorified Him not as God, neither were thankful. Wherefore also Christ glorifies God, His Father, because He had hidden these things from the wise and the prudent, and revealed them unto babes (Matt. 11.25); and the Apostle teaches, moreover, that God has made known unto us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure which He hath purposed in Himself (in Christo), (Eph. 1.9).
[ The Purpose and Efficacy of the External Call of the Gospel. ]
XIX. Likewise the external call itself, which is made by the preaching of the Gospel, is on the part of God also, who calls, earnest and sincere. For in His Word He unfolds earnestly and most truly, not, indeed, His secret intention respecting the salvation or destruction of each individual, but what belongs to our duty, and what remains for us if we do or neglect this duty. Clearly it is the will of God who calls, that they who are called come to Him and not neglect so great salvation, and so He promises eternal life also in good earnest, to those who come to Him by faith; for, as the Apostle declares, "it is a faithful saying:—For if we be dead with Him, we shall also live with Him; if we suffer, we shall also reign with Him; if we deny Him, He also will deny us; if we believe not, yet He abideth faithful; He can not deny Himself." Nor in regard to those who do not obey the call is this will inefficacious; for God always attains that which He intends in His will (quod volens intendit), even the demonstration of duty, and following this, either the salvation of the elect who do their duty, or the inexcusableness of the rest who neglect the duty set before them. Surely the spiritual man in no way secures (conciliat) the internal purpose of God to produce faith (conceptum Dei internum, fidei analogum) along with the externally proffered, or written Word of God. Moreover, because God approved every verity which flows from His counsel, therefore it is rightly said to be His will, that all who see the Son and believe on Him may have everlasting life (John 6.40). Although these "all" are the elect alone, and God formed no plan of universal salvation without any selection of persons, and Christ therefore died not for every one but for the elect only who were given to Him; yet He intends this in any case to be universally true, which follows from His special and definite purpose. But that, by God's will, the elect alone believe in the external call thus universally proffered, while the reprobate are hardened, proceeds solely from the discriminating grace of God: election by the same grace to them that believe; but their own native wickedness to the reprobate who remain in sin, and after their hardness and impenitent heart treasure up unto themselves wrath against the day of wrath, and revelation of the righteous judgment of God (Rom. 2.5).
XX. Accordingly we have no doubt that they err who hold that the call unto salvation is disclosed not by the preaching of the Gospel solely, but even by the works of nature and Providence without any further proclamation; adding, that the call unto salvation is so indefinite and universal that there is no mortal who is not, at least objectively, as they say, sufficiently called either mediately, namely, in that God will further {662} bestow the light of grace on him who rightly uses the light of nature, or immediately, unto Christ and salvation; and finally denying that the external call can be said to be serious and true, or the candor and sincerity of God be defended, without asserting the absolute universality of grace. For such doctrines are contrary to the Holy Scriptures and the experience of all ages, and manifestly confound nature with grace, that which may be known of God with His hidden wisdom, the light of reason, in fine, with the light of Divine Revelation.
[ The Inability of the Fallen Natural Man to Believe. ]
XXI. They who are called unto salvation through the preaching of the Gospel can neither believe nor obey the call, unless they are raised up out of spiritual death by that very power whereby God commanded the light to shine out of darkness, and God shines into their hearts with the soul-swaying grace of His Spirit, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ (2 Cor. 4.6). For the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned (1 Cor. 2.14); and this utter inability the Scripture demonstrates by so many direct testimonies and under so many emblems that scarcely in any other point is it surer (locupletior). This inability may, indeed, be called moral even in so far as it pertains to a moral subject or object; but it ought at the same time to be also called natural, inasmuch as man by nature, and so by the law of his formation in the womb, and hence from his birth, is the child of disobedience (Eph. 2.2); and has that inability so innate (congenitam) that it can be shaken off in no way except by the omnipotent heart-turning grace of the Holy Spirit.
XXII. We hold therefore that they speak with too little accuracy and not without danger, who call this inability to believe moral inability, and do not hold it to be natural, adding that man in whatever condition he may be placed is able to believe if he will, and that faith in some way or other, indeed, is self-originated; and yet the Apostle most distinctly calls it the gift of God (Eph. 2.8).
[ Two Promises of Justification and Two Covenants. ]
XXIII. There are two ways in which God, the just Judge, has promised justification: either by one's own works or deeds in the law; or by the obedience or righteousness of another, even of Christ our Surety, imputed by grace to him that believes in the Gospel. The former is the method of justifying man perfect; but the latter, of justifying man a sinner and corrupt. In accordance with these two ways of justification the Scripture establishes two covenants: the Covenant of Works, entered into with Adam and with each one of his descendants in him, but made void by sin; and the Covenant of Grace, made with only the elect in Christ, the second Adam, eternal, and liable to no abrogation, as the former.
XXIV. But this later Covenant of Grace according to the diversity of times had also different dispensations. For when the Apostle speaks of the dispensation of the fulness of times, i.e., the administration of the last time, he very clearly indicates that there had been another dispensation and administration for the times which the προθεσμιαν (Gal. 4.2), or appointed time. Yet in each dispensation of the Covenant of Grace the elect have not been saved in any other way than by the Angel of his presence (Isa. 63.9), the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world (Rev. 13.8), Christ Jesus, through the knowledge of that just Servant and faith in Him and in the Father and His Spirit. For Christ is the same yesterday, to-day, and forever (Heb. 13.8); and by His grace we believe that we are saved (servari) in the same manner as the Fathers also were saved (salvati sunt), and in both Testaments these statutes remain immutable: {663} "Blessed are all they that put their trust in Him," the Son (Psalm 2.12); "He that believeth in Him is not condemned, but he that believeth not is condemned already" (John 3.18); "Ye believe in God," even the Father, "believe also in me" (John 14.1). But if, moreover, the sainted Fathers believed in Christ as their God, it follows that they also believed in the Holy Spirit, without whom no one can call Jesus Lord. Truly so many are the clearest exhibitions of this faith of the Fathers and of the necessity thereof in either Covenant, that they can not escape any one unless he wills it. But though this saving knowledge of Christ and the Holy Trinity was necessarily derived, according to the dispensation of that time, both from the promise and from shadows and figures and enigmas, with greater difficulty (operosius) than now in the New Testament; yet it was a true knowledge, and, in proportion to the measure of Divine Revelation, was sufficient to procure for the elect, by help of God's grace, salvation and peace of conscience.
XXV. We disapprove therefore of the doctrine of those who fabricate for us three Covenants, the Natural, the Legal, and the Gospel Covenant, different in their whole nature and pith; and in explaining these and assigning their differences, so intricately entangle themselves that they obscure not a little, or even impair, the nucleus of solid truth and piety; nor do they hesitate at all, with regard to the necessity, under the Old Testament dispensation, of knowledge of Christ and faith in Him and His satisfaction and in the whole sacred Trinity, to theologize much too loosely and not without danger.
[ Conclusion against Vain Babblings that contradict known Truth. ]
XXVI. Finally, both unto us, to whom in the Church, which is God's house, has been entrusted the dispensation for the present, and unto all our Nazarenes, and unto those who under the will and direction of God will at any time succeed us in our charge, in order to prevent the fearful enkindling of dissensions with which the Church of God in different places is disturbed (infestatur) in terrible ways, we earnestly wish (volumus, will) this to be a law:—
That in this corruption of the world, with the Apostle of the Gentiles as our faithful monitor, we all keep faithfully that which is committed to our trust, avoiding profane and vain babblings (1 Tim. 6.20); and religiously guard the purity and simplicity of that knowledge which is according to piety, constantly clinging to that beautiful pair, Charity and Faith, unstained.
Moreover, in order that no one may be induced to propose either publicly or privately some doubtful or new dogma of faith hitherto unheard of in our churches, and contrary to God's Word, to our Helvetic Confession, our Symbolical Books, and to the Canons of the Synod of Dort, and not proved and sanctioned in a public assembly of brothers according to the Word of God, let it also be a law:—
That we not only hand down sincerely in accordance with the Divine Word, the especial necessity of the sanctification of the Lord's Day, but also impressively inculcate it and importunately urge its observation; and, in fine, that in our churches and schools, as often as occasion demands, we unanimously and faithfully hold, teach, and assert the truth of the Canons herein recorded, truth deduced from the indubitable Word of God.
The very God of peace in truth sanctify us wholly, and preserve our whole spirit and soul and body blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ: to whom, with the Father and the Holy Spirit be eternal honor, praise and glory. AMEN!
Editor's Concluding Observations:
As was mentioned in the introductory note, the positions above stand in contrast to many errors which persist into the present day, either as doctrines taught, or as resulting practices. In special, it should be noted that the position stated above about the Holy Scriptures presents a thoroughly enforced assertion of the divine providential preservation of the text of God's written word. What is said in the Westminster Confession of Faith, chapter 1, article 8, to assure us that God's Holy Scriptures are "by his singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, [and] are therefore authentical," is here presented in more explicit details, to assure us that the complete text of Holy Scripture is still to be found among the Lord's people, even if some manuscripts are defective, or some theologians and churches err when identifying and translating the authentic Scriptures. The matter is precious and practical, not merely theoretical. But this truth is in fact abandoned by those who identify with the theories that guide the criticism and scholarship behind modern Bible translations such as the NIV, ESV, NASB, NRSV, etc.; and it is in practice abandoned by those who use these Bibles. The reader is referred to the relevant writings of Edward Hills, Theodore Letis, Robert L. Dabney, Garnet Milne, and the publications of Trinitarian Bible Society, for further information. Mr. Letis points out the fact that the question at issue in the debate between modern Bible versions and our Reformation Bible versions is determined in the Westminster Confession, and the Formula above; and Mr. Milne documents in detail what doctrine of Preservation was believed by the Reformed churches at the time the Westminster Confession was adopted.
Additional comments might be made on such topics as the doctrine of Election, the error of those who imagine an inefficacious desire in God, the historic Reformed recognition of a Covenant of Works, and the above rejection of the Neonomian doctrine of Justification that denies the imputation of Christ's active obedience to believers. The reader is referred back to the canons above and encouraged to consider how they should apply to the loose orthodoxy of our day and the churches which facilitate that looseness.
But one final observation should be made. As doctrinal looseness and error about Salvation is the inevitable result of error respecting the circumstances and facts of man's fallen estate, so the reader may find canons 10 - 12 worthy of much attention. On the subject of the imputation of Adam's sin in the discussion of original sin, it is to be lamented that this doctrine also has been, now through many generations, either rejected, discarded, or so explained-away that the original reformation doctrine is regarded as erroneous or offensive to many professing Christians. It was the subject of theological controversy among New Divinity theologians of Congregational history, and subsequently became a "Problem" among Americanized Presbyterians. Thus, a study published in the 1970s, titled "The Problem of Original Sin in American Presbyterian Theology" outlines various schools of thought that can not be harmonized on the subject, among those ostensibly committed to the same Scriptures and Confession of Faith. The doctrine of our Bible is a doctrine which must be received by Faith. It is not irrational, though undoubtedly to the "natural man" it is offensive. If we seek to make apologies for it that explain it away, or adjust it so that it can be rationalized by the natural man, it is sure to lose both its savor for convincing sinners of their sinful estate, and its authentic truth as the theological doctrine which has, on this topic, united all Christians in one faith throughout history. We will lose our proper sense of what salvation is needed by sinners, and be pre-disposed to condemn both the imputation of our sins to Christ, and the doctrine of a substitutionary atonement. The above statements, therefore, ought to be regarded both as very important, and also as the early indicators of a deadly decay in Gospel doctrine which has been growing among Protestants since the end of the Protestant Reformation. Like so much of what is affirmed above, these statements call us to Repent.


ATWATER — Jackson-Milton's Dyllen Gibbs played a huge role in getting his team back on the winning track Friday night at Waterloo. And in the process, the versatile senior was involved in a bizarre set of plays late in the first half that sealed the Bluejays' 20-0 victory over the Vikings.
After earlier throwing a 15-yard pass that helped set up J-M's second score midway through the second period, Gibbs and Waterloo sophomore Joe Thomas were the primary actors in a three-play sequence in the final minute of the frame.
Trailing 14-0 in this Mahoning Valley Athletic Conference, the Vikings' (1-6, 0-4 MVAC) Thomas completed a pass to Joe Ward to give Waterloo a first down near midfield with under 60 seconds to play.
But on the very next play, Thomas was picked off by Gibbs at the Waterloo 38 with 39 ticks showing.
Not content on going to the locker room with the two-score lead, Gibbs replaced starter Michael Liberato under center for the second time in the contest and threw over high over the middle — and into the waiting hands of Thomas, who returned his theft 24 yards to the Waterloo 44 with 29 seconds still remaining in the quarter.
The Vikings, who have scored only one touchdown in the previous 18 quarters and are averaging just under seven points a game, weren't ready to go to the intermission, either. And unfortunately things backfired for them.
Thomas dropped back on first down and tried to find Ward again near the far sideline, but instead guess who was there waiting for the pass? That's right, Mr. Gibbs, who took his second interception in as many plays and raced to the end zone for a 46-yard pick-six that put the finishing touches on the Bluejays' second win of the season, and first in MVAC competition.
"Dyllen is one heck of a player," said second-year J-M coach Nate Brode. "That pick-six really made a huge difference in this ball game. It got our guys hyped for the second half; we went into halftime with a lot more momentum than we had prior to that.
"He plays a lot of positions: tight end, running back, wide receiver, quarterback. He plays numerous positions that he has to learn and he does a great job."
Waterloo turned the ball over four times, including three in the first half. On their first drive of the evening, the Vikings moved the ball down to the J-M 22 but fumbled on a first down snap and the Bluejays' Jimmy Harper fell on it.
Four plays later, sophomore Sean Lengyel took a pitch going to his left, broke free just past the line of scrimmage and galloped 67 yards for the game's first score.
"We are a young team, playing a lot of sophomores, but I told them they are not sophomores anymore," said Vikings coach Mike Devies. "If we are going to make mistakes, they have to be aggressive mistakes. We moved the ball well at times tonight and we get in the red zone and we can't get it in."
Waterloo had one promising scoring opportunity early in the fourth quarter after a Thomas 22-yard punt return placed the ball deep in Bluejay territory. However, the Vikings' offense could not punch it in and turned the ball over on downs.


The National Association of Realtors (NAR) reported that pending home sales increased 3.1% (-4.1% y/y) in February to an index level of 107.5 (2001=100). The gain followed a downwardly revised 5.0% January decline. Winter storms and a low supply of homes on the market were indicated by the NAR as holding down recent sales.
Pending sales improved in each region of the country, led by a 10.3% rise (-5.1% y/y) in the Northeast following a 9.0% fall. Sales in the South increased 3.0% (-1.5% y/y) after a 3.8% decline. Sales in the Midwest improved 0.7% (-9.5% y/y) after a 6.6% shortfall, while sales in the West rose 0.4% (-2.2% y/y) after a 2.6% decline.
The pending home sales index measures home sales when the sales contract is signed, analogous to the Census Bureau's new home sales data. In contrast, the National Association of Realtors' existing home sales data are recorded when the sale is closed. In developing the pending home sales index, the NAR found that the level of monthly sales contract activity parallels the level of closed existing home sales in the following two months. The series dates back to 2001, and the data are available in Haver's PREALTOR database. United States Population Weighted Heating and Cooling Degree Days dates back to 1949 and can be found in the USECON database.


Blizzard Zero G 108 (2018). Горные лыжи 2018. SKI.Каталог: описание, тесты, отзывы.
Carbon Drive is the market's first uni-directional carbon frame construction.
Carbon Drive is the lightest weight alpine ski construction in the market.
The Carbon Frame, combined with the sidewall, increases the torsional rigidity of the tip and tail which results in increased stability and power transmission.
Carbon Drive delivers a level of downhill performance that has never existed in a touring ski.
Shorter edge length for perfect agility and playful performance!
Floppy, unreliable backcountry touring skis have ruined more dreams than an iPhone alarm because ski companies have been focusing on uphill technology at the expense of downhill performance. So, Blizzard set out to create a ski that will perform like its trusted Freeride line while boasting a lightweight construction made for backcountry touring. The Zero G 108 is the result of endless research, design, and testing in all types of conditions and terrain. At 108mm underfoot, it is made for backcountry skiers searching for powder. With an ultra-lightweight construction and torsional rigidity thanks to Carbon DriveTechnology, a natural flex, and stability at speed because of the paulownia woodcore, the Zero G 108 is a no-brainer for the unforgettable days spent touring outside of your resorts boundaries.


Brand strategists raise an organisation's profile by managing the way it interacts with customers and users.
Brand strategists have to be aware of what is going on in the business world around them.
What do brand strategists do?
Branding creates a distinct identity for a product or service, or for the entire image of a company or organisation.
physical environments, such as shops and offices.
The purpose of brand strategy and marketing is to raise a company's profile. This in turn is intended to help the company grow and increase its market share.
Public and non-profit organisations can also use branding to increase their profile and the uptake of their services, such as public health campaigns.
turning the plans into marketing campaigns.
It can also involve partnership marketing with other brands. Marketing and brand strategists will look for other opportunities, such as sponsorship in the arts or sports.
You don't need to have creative design skills, but you do need to be a creative thinker.
keeping up-to-date with market trends.
an agency, working with branding teams on strategies for the agency's clients.
You may work with brand designers, project managers and account managers.
Some brand strategists/marketers are self-employed. They work on short-term contacts for agencies and businesses.
The hours of work are based around normal office hours, Monday to Friday. You will be expected to work longer sometimes, especially around deadlines.
Although the job is office-based, brand and marketing staff travel to see clients and attend meetings. There may be some overseas travel on international projects.
How can I get into marketing and brand strategy?
You will need to be interested in brands and how they present themselves. An interest in how customers receive marketing messages is important as well.
You don't need to have creative design skills, but you do need to be a creative thinker, able to come up with good ideas and innovative solutions.
able to work well in a team, but also able to use your own initiative.
You need to be very commercially aware and have a good knowledge of how different businesses operate. Employers will expect you to be well aware of social media.
Although there are no set entry requirements, employers usually expect you to have a degree. This could be in a relevant subject such as marketing, communications or business.
Other useful subjects can include maths, statistics, English or IT. However, some employers consider the degree subject unimportant as long as you have good commercial awareness and some experience of the business world.
Employers may ask for maths A level or a good GCSE grade, A*-B.
Some may enter through design, although this isn't a requirement. They may have a degree in graphic or brand design. All courses are listed on the UCAS website.
There are apprenticeships in marketing at level 2 or 3. Employers may ask for GCSEs in English, maths or IT. Business or enterprise are other relevant subjects. You may need to go on and study for a degree.
Design and Branding Strategy at Brunel University.
Some senior strategy and marketing staff may have other professional qualifications, such as an MBA or project management qualification.
If you start in a trainee or junior role, you can develop your career by working on larger and more prestigious projects. As you take on more responsibility and gain experience, you can apply for more senior posts.
As a trainee, you may start around £21,000. A brand strategist with some experience could earn around £28,000, which could rise to £35,000 to £45,000 for a senior brand strategist.
A brand strategy director could earn £75,000 or more.


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Mobile applications (apps) are used in higher education (HE) in a variety of ways, including as learning tools, study organisers, for marketing, and recruitment of new students. Purposed with easing student transition into university life, organiser apps have a capacity to assist students with various aspects of university experience, freeing up time and energy for study, while apps used as learning tools can help students solidify the content of lectures, self-test their knowledge of the subject, and collaborate with peers. Despite the proliferation of HE apps, there is still no systematic understanding of this field, with a number of important questions remaining unanswered, such as what types of apps are most commonly found in HE, what their complex uses are, and how their affordances and functionalities are deployed by universities and students. This study addresses this gap. After analysing 177 apps affiliated with Australian universities, a typology of HE apps is proposed. Study management and navigation apps emerge as the most common types of apps offered to students, with augmented and/or virtual reality apps forming another key category. New insights are offered pertaining to the complex terrain of HE mobile apps, and problematic areas arising from this research, such as safety, student support, privacy, and equity, are discussed.


Drop Valance 14' – Protect you and your family from the low afternoon or early morning sun.
Wind & Rain Package 14' – Stabilizes your awning where heavy winds may be a problem.
Hood & End Covers 14' – Protects your awning when its in the retracted position.


text:
Q: Random effects in GAM I'm modelling some biological function, outcome, in patients over 8 hours.  Over time, I measure two additional covariates x and w.  Shown below is a sample of the data.  Only show the first three measurements per patient.
I'm interested in estimating the effects of x and w and their interaction on outcome.  I plan to use a gam to take care of the time effect.
My question is: do I need to model the effects of x and w as a random effect this they change in time and I have multiple observations of these covariates per patient?  If so, what is the appropriate way to specify this model with a gam?
Currently, I do something like
gam(outcome ~ s(time, by=patient, bs = 'gp') + x*w, data= data)

I can provide more details as necessary, including more data.

Data
tibble::tribble(
     ~patient,     ~time,      ~x,         ~w,          ~outcome,
            1,     3.245,     87.738,    38.571,         19.006,
            1,     8.245,     80.104,    39.958,         19.441,
            1,    13.245,     76.206,    40.912,         19.046,
            2,     5.335,     80.731,    56.822,         32.689,
            2,    10.335,     83.174,     52.52,         32.654,
            2,    15.335,     81.507,    52.374,         32.589,
            3,     4.965,     68.584,    111.69,         37.621,
            3,     9.965,     68.544,   111.751,         37.762,
            3,    14.965,     68.979,   112.118,         37.451,
            4,     20.38,     108.19,    78.406,         44.792,
            4,     25.38,    111.694,    81.583,         49.085,
            4,     30.38,    111.312,    80.914,         44.741,
            5,     6.295,     72.692,    52.059,         42.737,
            5,    11.295,     75.155,     49.55,         42.788,
            5,    23.533,     78.084,    49.131,         41.934,
            6,     7.075,     79.788,    69.537,         25.219,
            6,    12.075,     79.652,    68.692,         25.427,
            6,    17.075,     78.746,    69.277,         25.635,
            7,     3.335,      80.44,    34.839,         61.974,
            7,     8.335,     79.318,    34.325,         56.651,
            7,    13.335,     79.624,    34.346,          53.32,
            8,      9.92,     96.634,    64.871,         44.481,
            8,     14.92,    100.979,    67.194,         43.645,
            8,     19.92,     97.952,    67.456,         43.934,
            9,    74.635,      98.08,    83.723,         39.156,
            9,    79.635,     97.779,    85.049,         38.958,
            9,    84.635,     96.881,    88.736,         38.911,
           10,    70.155,     73.583,    53.296,         28.519,
           10,    75.155,     73.332,    52.935,         28.705,
           10,    80.155,     73.174,    51.781,         29.405,
           11,      3.17,     80.425,    45.579,         27.271,
           11,      8.17,     86.442,    39.839,         27.095,
           11,     13.17,     80.377,    42.182,         28.844,
           12,      3.23,     53.399,    75.199,         26.986,
           12,      8.23,     64.986,    63.395,         17.803,
           12,     13.23,     65.306,    68.421,         15.915
     )

A: I'm reasonably sure you don't want to use the gp basis for this; when used with the defaults, mgcv fits a smooth with a Gaussian Process basis comprising correlation functions as the basis functions where the effective range parameter is set to essentially be the largest observable time difference between any two observations. If you must use the gp basis then you probably want to profile over the effective range parameter, fitting a new GAM for a grid of values over the set of values for the effective range parameter you want to optimise for.
Anyway, you really don't need to do this.
You are fitting one option for group-level splines (the by variable smoother) but you could take an approach that is slightly more a "random effect" than this by using the fs basis. The main difference is that in the fs basis, all the splines (one per patient) have the same smoothness parameter (so the same wiggliness) though the don not need to have the same shape. The by variant estimates a separate smoothness parameter per patient, which essentially means you are fitting an entirely separate smoother for each patient. Both are acceptable, there's just a lot more parameters (length(levels(patient)) - 1 more) to estimate for the by variant.
If you think the effect of x (or w) changes over time then you should include terms in the model for that. There are a number of ways in which this can be done, including

*

*a varying coefficient model-like approach, wherein the effect of x is linear but varying smoothly with some other covariate, in your case time. Think of this as a linear regression of y ~ x where the slope of the linear regression line changes smoothly over time.
For this kind of term, use s(time, by = x) and so on in place of the x and w parametric terms.
If you also want the interaction to change smoothly, then I think you need to create a new variable xw which is the product of x and w, and then use xw as the variables passed to by.

*A full smooth effect of x on outcome that smoothly interacts with time. These are produced via tensor products and the te() function. A bivariate interaction would be
+ te(x, time)

and the full blown three-way would be
+ te(x, w, time)

but to smooth in high dimensions like this you really need a lot of data.
To give more specifics you'll need to explain more about how you view the effect of x, w and x:w changing over time.


text:
Q: Restoring SQL Server DB trans log files error I am getting error when restoring DB trans log files.
Running
RESTORE VERIFYONLY FROM DISK = xxxxxx

is returning a message

The backup set on file 1 is valid

However when running
RESTORE LOG [db_name] FROM DISK = xxxxxx

I get error

The log scan number (yyyyyyyyyyyy) passed to log scan in database '[db_name]' is not valid. This error may indicate data corruption or that the log file (.ldf) does not match the data file (.mdf). If this error occurred during replication, re-create the publication.
Otherwise, restore from backup if the problem results in a failure during startup.
RESTORE LOG is terminating abnormally.

There is a replication setup on the DB that I am applying the logs backup file. Does it mean that the trans log backup is corrupted or there is something with the replication.
Why does the Verifyonly check return that the file is valid?

A: first question
error message suggest 2 causes either database corruption, have you run dbcc checkdb ? or that the log file does not match the data file (transaction log backup from wrong db?).
From what I can see this error occurred during a transaction log restore not during replication so you can ignore that part of the error message.
second question
verifyonly is checking that the backup file is readable and complete - it is not checking the entire logic as clearly stated in the documentation.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/restore-statements-verifyonly-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15


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