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Is Ritalin a Gateway Drug?
by Tina Blue
One reader has asked an important question: Will taking Ritalin as a child make a person more likely to use other drugs when he gets older?
Statistically, the answer is that there is a positive correlation between Ritalin use as a child and the abuse of alcohol and other drugs as an adolescent or adult. But that does not necessarily mean that taking Ritalin as a child is what causes someone to turn to other drugs or to alcohol as an adolescent or adult. The fact is, whether or not one ever uses Ritalin, having ADD/ADHD is in itself positively correlated with drug and alcohol abuse, as well as a number of other maladaptive and socially disastrous behaviors.
A child with ADD or (even more so) ADHD is likely to get a lot of negative feedback from parents, siblings, and peers, as well as teachers and other authority figures. By the time they reach adulthood, many ADD/ADHD children have a poor self-image and suffer from depression or engage in antisocial behaviors because of many years' worth of environmentally-induced psychological and emotional difficulties.
In my article "What About Ritalin?" I tell some stories about how Ritalin has clearly helped children who suffered severe emotional stress as a consequence of their ADHD. To the degree that Ritalin or other ADD drugs can help soften the negative social impacts on a child, using Ritalin when young might actually help some people avoid falling into a pattern of drug or alcohol abuse as they get older.
Most people who have some sort of psychological maladaptation to their environment will self-medicate in one way or another, either to improve the fit between their own behavior and the demands of the environment, or to dull the pain caused by their maladaptation and the difficulties it creates.
Sometimes the poor fit is not the fault of the individual but of the social environment, and I believe that is often true for those who have the ADD/ADHD personality type. It is often only a "condition" or a "syndrome" because having ADD/ADHD makes it hard to function successfully in a very complex, demanding, and unforgiving social environment.
Many people will self-medicate with caffeine and/or nicotine, which operate on the same part of the brain that is affected by Ritalin, Dexedrine, and other such drugs. I have long used caffeine, itself a highly addictive drug, to deal with the symptoms of my own ADHD. But I now have health problems that render caffeine potentially dangerous for me, and I should not use it at all. Unfortunately, though, caffeine is an addictive drug, and though Ritalin has helped me cut way down on it, I still drink coffee in the morning.
I believe that whether or not a child grows up to abuse alcohol or other drugs has far more to do with how the child was raised and the degree to which our popular culture has influenced him than it does with whether or not he has used Ritalin.
Our entire culture glorifies excess, including drug and alcohol abuse. The part of the popular culture that is most heavily targeted to young people--especially adolescent males--actively promotes drug and alcohol abuse, and it is very hard for a young person to completely avoid exposure to the drug and alcohol subculture of the young.
But whether he avoids that subculture or not, or whether he is sucked into it when he is exposed, is likely to depend on whether he was raised in a stable home environment by loving parents, and whether he was protected from suffering psychological and emotional damage as a result of his ADD/ADHD behaviors.
I would consider divorce, heavy exposure to television, violent video games, and even spending too much of one's childhood in daycare or in a bad school or neighborhood, to be far more potent risk factors for future drug and alcohol abuse than Ritalin could ever be.
Psychotropic drugs are used in all cultures, and always have been. But problems with drug abuse and addiction usually occur only when people feel so unhappy and so stressed that they cannot cope with normal existence.
In my article "Slow Down--You're Moving Too Fast," I point out some of the factors in our stressed-filled environment that lead to drug and alcohol abuse, as well as a host of other problems, among adolescents and adults. I think Ritalin is less dangerous than any of those factors.
It is also true that Ritalin, with a sixty-year track record, is one of the most thoroughly studied long-term drugs available. Ritalin is, therefore, probably safer than a lot of the medicines that go on the market with a minimum of review these days.
Having said that, however, I also have to say that I think putting a child on Ritalin--or any other psychoactive medicine, including antidepressants--should be almost the last, not the first, approach to dealing with his difficulties. Toxic substances of any kind, and no medication is entirely free of potential toxicity, have a much greater impact on growing tissue than on mature tissue.
That's why fetuses in the first trimester are so much more susceptible to the teratogenic effects of certain substances, why children need more protection than adults against environmental toxins, and also why people are so much more likely to become alcoholics if they start drinking during their teen years than if they wait until they are adults.
The fetus develops at an extraordinary rate, especially during those first three months, and a teenager's growth rate is the fastest of his lifetime, except for the period from birth to one year of age. Furthermore, the brain's development from conception to one year, and then again from the beginning of adolescence to about twenty years of age, is unmatched at any other time in a person's life.
Since children are therefore more susceptible to potential toxicity, I believe that drugs should be used very carefully with them, and the younger they are, the more carefully those drugs should be administered.
Some cases of ADD/ADHD could be handled with early behavioral and environmental interventions, without ever having to resort to drugs. But usually, by the time a child has been referred for testing and treatment for ADD/ADHD, his problems in school and at home are pretty severe, so the opportunity for early intervention has already been missed.
Still, even under those circumstances, behavioral approaches and manipulation of the child's social environment should be tried first, if possible, and the drugs added to the intervention only when it is evident that something more is needed.
In really severe cases, drug intervention might even be necessary as a first resort, simply because the child is in such a bad situation that it would be impossible to help him through other approaches, unless drugs are also used.
The two children I described in my stories in "What About Ritalin?" were both in that sort of situation. They were severely depressed and completely out of control--and neither of them had a home environment that would have made it likely that behavioral approaches would be successful, at least not alone.
Some families are so much a part of the problem that they cannot be recruited as part of the solution, and in such cases, the purpose of treatment will be to mitigate the worst effects for a child in an intolerable situation.
For the two children in my article, going on Ritalin felt like salvation. They were both measurably happier and more successful after they began taking Ritalin, and since their own behavior was more controlled, they provoked less negativity in the people around them.
Consequently, the drug actually modified their social environment by producing positive feedback, and then it became possible to enlist the parents and teachers in behavioral modification approaches, which would not have been possible before the children began to take Ritalin.
In other words, I think you need to take your own child's total situation into consideration before deciding whether he should go on Ritalin. Don't allow yourself to be bullied or pressured by teachers who think the child would be easier to handle on drugs.
But also don't let your fear that Ritalin could be a gateway drug prevent you from considering it or one of the other ADD/ADHD drugs for your child, if it is clear that behavioral modification and social changes are not doing enough to allow him to be happy and successful among his peers, at school or at home.
I think genuinely loving and stable parents are likely to make wise choices if they do enough reading on this subject. And if drug intervention is used, they will also monitor the drug's effects on their child, to make sure that those effects are not harming him.
And I think toxic parents will do all kinds of things that will drive their kids to drugs and alcohol or other self-destructive behaviors--with or without Ritalin.


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Arsenal hunt two signings for Mikel Arteta before January transfer deadline
Arsenal transfer plans are in full swing and Mikel Arteta is desperate to bolster his first-team squad
Alex WoodSport Reporter
Arsenal boss Mikel Arteta wants fresh faces
Sign up to FREE daily email alerts from Daily Star - Football
Arsenal want two loan signing before the transfer window shuts at the end of the month.
That's according to The Athletic's David Ornstein, who says new arrivals are on the cards but they will only be temporary deals.
Gunners boss Mikel Arteta has already started to shuffle his squad.
Emile Smith Rowe, Tyreece John-Jules and Konstantinos Mavropanos have all started stints away from north London and will return in the summer.
"I don't know what assurances he was given, Mikel Arteta," Ornstein said on The Ornstein & Chapman Podcast .
"But Arsenal are looking to make one to two loan signings during this January transfer window.
Arsenal dealt Thomas Lemar transfer blow as Atletico contact Jorge Mendes
Transfer news LIVE: Man Utd in £60m Kalidou Koulibaly deal, Arsenal and Liverpool latest
"They're not close on any of them just yet I'm afraid but that's in keeping with what we've been talking about with the rest of the league.
"It would be a maximum of one to two loans from what I'm told.
"Arteta feels he has a strong squad, especially when players come back from injury.
Arsenal have a long-running interest in Juventus defender Daniele Rugani
However, Juventus director Fabio Paratici says the Italy international won't be going anywhere.
"I can exclude right now that Daniele Rugani will leave," he explained.
Will Jerome Boateng be tempted by a move to Arsenal? (Image: GETTY)
"We need to see what happens with Giorgio Chiellini.
"People tend to forget he has played quite a few games and won important trophies.
"My concern is that because Rugani is so quiet, well-mannered, doesn't make a big fuss or is a fashionable player, he ends up being underestimated."
Experienced Bayern Munich defender Jerome Boateng is another option.
The 31-year-old had a one-year stay at Manchester City in the Premier League earlier in his career.
He's surplus to requirements in Bavaria having struggled for regular match action this season.
Manchester United FCVirgil van Dijk's verdict on Harry Maguire becoming world's most expensive defenderLiverpool star Virgil van Dijk insists he's got no issue with Manchester United and England star Harry Maguire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


laughter – Fi Munro, Ph.D.
You may expect an oncology ward to be a sad place. A place of suffering and tears. Pain and death. A place where people have lost hope and with it their spirit, their vibrancy taken by the many drugs, treatments and procedures.
I remember at the start of the film 'Love Actually', Hugh Grant describes the love you see in an airport; people greeting one another with hugs and kisses and happy stories of fun and laughter. I liken this to an oncology ward.
You see here there are no arguments, no stress, no hatred. There is only room for love.
The patients have a certain appreciation of life that comes with a cancer diagnosis. They laugh and joke together and quickly bond. They have a connection they don't share with their friends and family. They know the pain they each feel, the daily struggle they each face and they see through it, sharing stories of how far they have come, supporting those at an earlier stage in their journey and learning from those who have been walking this road for many years. It is truely inspiring to watch. I am so touched by the strength of my fellow warriors.
Likewise the visitors, the friends, the family members don't bring stress or drama or judgement. They bring hugs, photos, stories and laughter. They bring hope and a reminder of life outside the hospital walls. Most importantly they always, always bring love.
I am most inspired by the partners [mine most definitely included of course]. They are pillars of strength for the person they love. They comfort and sooth. They bring smiles and laughter to faces stained with tears. Then partner no longer looks the same and yet they look beyond it. They show the importance of loving a soul and not a body.
There, of course, is a sadness too in their eyes. Sometimes they cry with their loved one. Sometimes they just hold them, offering a comfort that no one else on this earth could match. It's a real test of a relationship to witness. While their partner goes through treatment they have to take on every role in the family home, whilst also caring for an incredibly sick loved one and emotionally dealing with the implications of their diagnosis. Some of these relationships have children and they are called on to care for and reassure them also. I struggle to find the words about how beautiful and wonderful these relationships are to witness but the words 'soul mates' comes to mind, after all, once cancer strips your identity and everything you'd expected in your life together what else is left apart from two connected souls.
The same can be said of the staff. In an oncology ward there is time to get to know your patients, what makes them laugh and cry, what they are feeling, who they are as a person when you look beyond their diagnosis. Many of their patients have been on the ward more than once and, almost always, for extended periods of time. Watching the nurses as they laugh and joke and comfort the people in their care it is sometimes hard to remember the pain these caring souls also deal with too. They connect with their patients on a long and challenging journey then, all to often, are at their side when they pass. Yet despite this they smile, offering strength and courage, hope and determination to those in the greatest of need. In minutes they can go from hearing a patient be told they will soon pass to making jokes with another patient whose soul needs to be enlightened with positivity once more. These are true angels at work and I am so blessed to have witnessed them. I have so many stories of the support each of my oncology angels gave me whilst in hospital. We've shared hugs, jokes, tears and laughter. They have been true blessings on a challenging journey. I send so much love to them all.
I once again reflect on the gifts cancer has given me, most importantly the gift of seeing true love in the everyday. We truly live in a wonderful world filled with hope and possibility and love – you just need to know where to look.
Well I am just the happiest person in the whole wide world!
Just 3 days after after coming home from hospital and only 17 days after an operation during which all of my reproductive organs plus 3 other organs were completely removed and 4 other organs were partially removed, with the help of my amazing(!!) Macmilan Nurse I not only made it see my favourite comedian and ventriloquist Nina Conti tonight…but…I was also invited to meet her backstage! I am on cloud nine!
I had bought front row seats for her show in Perth Concert Hall for my husband, a friend and I in the hope that I would be well enough to go. I explained to my Macmillan Nurse that I wanted to go and she agreed that it would be a good thing to aim for. Not only that but she phoned Perth Concert Hall to explain the situation and ask for their help – once again demonstrating the wonderful impact and support Macmillan can offer in every aspect of care. Perth Concert Hall not only took on board what she had explained to them but from the moment we arrived at the venue they treated us like VIP guests. We were escorted to our seats before everyone else (me in a wheel chair from the British Red Cross), they were on hand throughout and explained that if we needed anything at any point that they would be there for us. During the interval they checked we were OK and explained that Nina would like to meet us after the show. Again they escorted us there and I felt safe and supported throughout the whole experience.
The show itself was incredible! If you don't know who Nina is then you seriously have to look her up on YouTube…I promise she won't disappoint! If you do know who she is then you will understand my excitement at the fact that not only did the show include Monkey and her usual masks for the audience, but Granny also made a surprise appearance, making the evening even more special!
Nina is my absolute favourite comedian and also, I'm now pleased to say, a really lovely person. This is a moment I will cherish always, particularly in the challenging days ahead.
With a million thank yous to Macmillan, Perth Concert Hall and Nina Conti for making this happen.


You can no longer order prescriptions using the WACCG.stpcprescriptions@nhs.net email account. We have rationalised our ordering process to make it quicker and easier for you to use. Please see the repeat prescription page.
Patients who register for online access are able to make and cancel GP appointments, order repeat medication and view medical records 24 hours a day 7 days per week. Click here for information about registering.


Editing Part 1 – What is editing?
Editing is a job that is mostly misrepresented and overwhelmingly misunderstood. Behind most great works of literature is a dedicated editor. As an editor one of the most frustrating misconceptions about our role is that we simply fix spelling and punctuation errors. In fact, … [Read more...] about Editing Part 1 – What is editing?


What Happened to the America First Foreign Policy Voters Were Promised?
Trump also took time out of his foreign trip to meet with the Emir of Qatar, a funder of ISIS.
Daniel Larison rips apart the President's foreign trip as a complete failure. Aside from cow-towing to the Saudis, who Larison says are the "one relationship" America should be fleeing, Trump's trip did little to restore confidence in American leadership.
President Trump just returned from nine days in the Middle East and Europe that demonstrated his America First approach to ensuring security and prosperity for our nation. America will not lead from behind. This administration will restore confidence in American leadership as we serve the American people.
It is a given that a president's top advisers will do their best to put a favorably spin on his actions as much as they can, but this is exceptionally thin gruel. No one outside the administration believes that Trump "restored confidence" in American leadership on this trip or that he is likely to do so in the future. The only relationship that Trump "deepened" during his time overseas was with the Saudis, and this is the one relationship from which the U.S. should [be] trying to extricate itself as quickly as possible.
Read more from Larison at The American Conservative. The former head of the CIA's bin Laden unit, Michael Scheuer recently echoed Larison's thoughts in an appearance on the John Fredericks Show.
Dr. Michael Scheuer: Another 2000 Troops Going To Afghanistan… For What?


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National Orders list includes 90-year-old Zondeni Veronica Sobukwe
19 April 2018 - 17:58 Staff Writer
Chancellor of the National Orders Dr Cassius Lubisi has disclosed the names of South Africans and foreign nationals who will be awarded National Orders, at an investiture ceremony soon. National Orders are the highest awards that the country bestows on people who have contributed to the advancement of democracy and had a positive effect on improving the lives of South Africans. They also recognise contributions by individuals to a non-racial' non-sexist' democratic and prosperous SA as envisaged in the Constitution. President Cyril Ramaphosa will bestow the Order of Ikhamanga' the Order of the Baobab' the Order of Luthuli and the Order of the Companions of OR Tambo on recipients on April 28. The Presidency named the recipients in a statement on Thursday: The Order of Ikhamanga recognises South African citizens who have excelled in the fields of arts' culture' literature' music' journalism and sport. The order will be bestowed in bronze on: Traci Mackie: For her contribution to the f...


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Eragrostis desertorum is a species of grass known from Queensland, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory. It occurs in seasonally wet habitats such as gulleys, valleys and creek fans.

Eragrostis desertorum is a perennial herb spreading by means of stolons. It can reach a height of 60 cm. Leaves are stiff, filiform, mostly basal, up to 12 cm long, with ciliate sheaths. Inflorescence is paniculate, up to 18 cm long. It is similar to E. eriopoda but with 2 stamens.

References

desertorum
Flora of Australia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


My child, and I like to assume all the other children in the world do this too as it makes me feel better, only wakes up early when it is least opportune for me.
On a normal school day? Impossible to get her out of bed until 7. On a Saturday she's up at 6. Late start day at school, like today where I don't have to have her there until 10 AM? She's up at 5:30.
Not just up, but up and happy and smiling and singing and dancing and reading comic books and giggling. And as much as I tell her 7,000 times to -play quietly-shh-stop that-let mama sleep-knock it off– I can't help but revel in her morning joy.
Until I fall back asleep again. Then it's all about how much I hate my alarm clock.
My kid is the quintessential early morning riser. Putting her to bed late makes no difference at all. Dammit.
it's always the way, eh? mine are up at the but crack of dawn every morning, unless we have somewhere to be, of course.
Oh yes, my knucklehead is exactly the same!


Researchers at the University of St Andrews have found that, contrary to popular belief, it is possible to see in 3D with just one eye.
Dr Dhanraj Vishwanath, a psychologist at the University says that it is possible to experience vivid 3D vision simply by looking through a small hole.
The research, published by Psychological Science, has implications for people who have just one eye or difficulties with double-eye vision.
The study also has wide implications for 3D technology, because it suggests that there are other (possibly cheaper) methods by which the 3D experience can be created.
Current thinking is that the two visual images (one from each eye), when combined in the visual cortex of the brain, produce our sense of depth that produces the 'special' 3D effect.
The St Andrews study suggests that, in fact, both eyes are not necessary for this '3D experience'.
Since the invention of the stereoscope (the technology behind 3D movies) in 1838, the conventional assumption is that this added feeling of depth can only occur when the real world or a 3D stereoscopic image is viewed with 2 eyes.
The St Andrews' findings suggest that in fact "seeing in 3D" is not something that can only be experienced by people with two fully working eyes. Instead, the researchers say that in principle it is possible for those with only one eye, or have problems with their 2-eye vision to experience the 'compelling' effect.
Dr Vishwanath and his colleagues are now testing the method with a large group of strabismics. Nearly 15% of the population, including Hollywood actor Johnny Depp (who is unable to see his own movies in 3D), may have some form of misalignment.
The study also has wide implications for industry – based on his theory, Dr Vishwanath suggests that the real 3D experience can be induced simply by increasing the resolution (for example using ultra-high definition (4K) TVs). Such methods could also help avoid some of the problems associated with stereoscopic 3D such as fatigue, nausea and headaches.
Later this year, Dr Vishwanath will publish more research outlining the difference between seeing a normal picture in 3D and that experienced in 3D movies.


We have acted as tax counsel to Essex Property Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the issuance and sale of 2,600,000 shares of the Company's 7.125% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Preferred Stock"). The Preferred Stock is the subject of a prospectus supplement dated April 8, 2011 (the "Prospectus Supplement") to a prospectus (the "Basic Prospectus"; and collectively with the Prospectus Supplement, the "Prospectus") included as part of a registration statement (the "Registration Statement") on Form S-3 (File No. 333-165693) that was filed on behalf of the Company and Essex Portfolio, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership") on March 25, 2010 with the Securities Exchange Commission (the "SEC") pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act").
You have requested our opinion as to certain federal income tax matters regarding the Company. In our capacity as counsel to the Company and for purposes of rendering this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the following, with your consent: (i) that certain certificate dated April 13, 2011 (the "Certificate") delivered to Baker & McKenzie LLP by the Company and the Operating Partnership, which provides certain representations by them relevant to this opinion; (ii) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (iii) the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership; (iv) the bylaws of the Company; and (v) such other documents as we have considered relevant to our analysis. In our examination of such documents, we have assumed the authenticity of original documents, the accuracy of copies, the genuineness of signatures, and the legal capacity of signatories. We have also assumed that all parties to such documents have acted, and will act, in accordance with the terms of such documents.
contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are true and complete in all material respects, (iv) all representations of fact contained in the Certificate are true and complete in all material respects and (v) any representation of fact in the Certificate that is made "to the knowledge" or similarly qualified is correct without such qualification. We have not undertaken any independent inquiry into or verification of these facts either in the course of our representation of the Company or for the purpose of rendering this opinion. While we have reviewed all representations made to us to determine their reasonableness, we have no assurance that they are or will ultimately prove to be accurate.
We also note that the tax consequences addressed herein depend upon the actual occurrence of events in the future, which events may or may not be consistent with any representations made to us for purposes of this opinion. In particular, the qualification and taxation of the Company as a real estate investment trust (a "REIT") for federal income tax purposes depend upon the Company's ability to meet on a continuing basis certain distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and the various qualification tests imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). To the extent that the facts differ from those represented to or assumed by us herein, our opinion should not be relied upon.
Our opinion herein is based on existing law as contained in the Code, final and temporary Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative pronouncements of the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") and court decisions as of the date hereof. The provisions of the Code and the Treasury Regulations, Service administrative pronouncements and case law upon which this opinion is based could be changed at any time, perhaps with retroactive effect. In addition, some of the issues under existing law that could significantly affect our opinion have not yet been authoritatively addressed by the Service or the courts, and our opinion is not binding on the Service or the courts. Hence, there can be no assurance that the Service will not challenge, or that the courts will agree, with our conclusions.
statements constitute matters of law, summaries of legal matters or legal conclusions, have been reviewed by us and fairly present and summarize, in all material respects, the matters referred to therein.
We undertake no obligation to update this opinion, or to ascertain after the date hereof whether circumstances occurring after such date may affect the conclusions set forth herein. We express no opinion as to matters governed by any laws other than the Code, the Treasury Regulations, published administrative announcements and rulings of the Service and court decisions.
This opinion is furnished to you solely for use in connection with the Prospectus Supplement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our firm name in the Basic Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement under the captions "Certain Material Federal Income Tax Considerations" and "Additional Federal Income Tax Considerations," respectively, as well as under the caption "Legal Matters" in such documents. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, nor do we thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement within the meaning of the term "experts" as used in the Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.


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Dorota Zofia Mroczkowska (ur. 1959) – polska inżynier technolog żywności, przedsiębiorca.

Życiorys
Absolwentka Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu (1985) oraz marketingu – Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu (1995). Jest współwłaścicielką i prezesem manufaktury Doti (Manufaktura Draży Czekoladowych D.M. Mroczkowscy), którą założyła w 1991 wspólnie z mężem, Mariuszem. Tradycję rodzinną kontynuują córki, Magdalena i Weronika.

Należy do stowarzyszeń pracodawców i przedsiębiorców: Stowarzyszenie Przedsiębiorców Kąteckich (SPK), POPON i IFR.

Nagrody i wyróżnienia
 2015 – Srebrny Krzyż Zasługi za zasługi w działalności na rzecz osób potrzebujących pomocy i wsparcia.

Przypisy

Urodzeni w 1959
Polscy inżynierowie technolodzy
Absolwenci Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu
Odznaczeni Srebrnym Krzyżem Zasługi (III Rzeczpospolita)


Los Angeles—based artist Aaron Kai is bringing his work to the Speedfactory-crafted AM4.
Kai's upcoming adidas collaboration sees him bringing his wavy artwork to the BOOST-cushioned runner. The drop features two different designs: one in a colourful red, white and blue look, the other with a predominately black execution. In both cases the kicks come complete with white BOOST midsoles and black rubber outsoles.
Kai's AM4s will be available from Nice Kicks in Los Angeles this Thursday, December 6.


Many Canadians, it seems, only display their Canada flag on Canada Day. But there are those who fly the flag all-year round. This collection of photos showcases some of those proud Canadians from around the Quinte area.
They include people like Lance Usher who served in the military for 24 years. Rachel Rumbolt's brother completed two Afghanistan tours. Others such as Brian Markis just like the way the flag looks. .
Nancy Reid noticed on a trip to the United States how patriotic they were and most of the homes flew the American flag. She thought it looked nice.
"We should fly the flag all-year round because we are Canadian," said Reid.


Hello my good people! How are you doing this fine day? Hope the skies are blue and that you are soaking in the sun and recharging for a brand new day! As I love the blue skies that stretch so vastly over our heads and skyscrapers, I dove into the world wide web so that I could find jewelry making tutorials that were of the lovely color blue!
These jewelry making tutorials that I have brought together, are really pretty and I cannot wait till I have made them! My fingers are itching to make these easy pieces! Well, technically you can make these pieces in other colors, but these pieces in light blue are gorgeous!
Like this first one here uses beads and ribbon! And like the author, you can make a bracelet using the same method and you will have yourself a set of blue beaded jewelry!
Or you could also use silk ribbons and make it into a wrap bracelet! It is that easy! The one who designed this piece is the daughter of the blog herself! The apple really does not fall far from the tree!!
Or if you like to do some stick ons, you can try this tutorial below! All you need is to embed the chatons into the epoxy clay! With this easy tutorial, you will have yourself a beautiful pair of earrings!
Last but not least, I have here a couple of jewelry making tutorials which are beaded jewelry pieces! You can make a lovely flower bracelet or a pearl and rhinestone bracelet! Now ain't these pieces just wonderful?
Try these jewelry making tutorials out to kickstart your day or to wind down from a busy day! Take time to relax from a hard day's work!
Check out our membership packages to gain access to amazing tutorials!


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Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives
Michael B. Gatch, Sean B. Dolan, Michael J. Forster
Pharmacology & Neuroscience
Institute for Healthy Aging
Synthetic cathinones, often sold as "bath salts," are a popular class of recreational drugs used as quasi-legal alternatives to cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The increased prevalence and health consequences of synthetic cathinone use has prompted regulatory agencies to control a number of these compounds; however, a broad class of analogous compounds known as the second-generation cathinones has been brought to the market to take the place of the banned synthetic cathinone derivatives. The current study aims to characterize the behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidinylated second-generation cathinones: 4-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4′-MePPP), α-pyrrolidinopropiobutiophenone (α-PBP), and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP). Locomotor activity was tested in mice over an 8-hour period. The discriminative stimulus effects of these compounds were tested in rats trained to discriminate either cocaine or methamphetamine. The rewarding effects of these drugs were assessed in mice using conditioned place preference. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced long-lasting increases in locomotor activity across a wide range of doses, whereas 4′-MePPP produced locomotor stimulation only at 30 mg/kg. Both α-PBP and α-PVP fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine, whereas 4′-MePPP substituted fully for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine only. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced conditioned place preference in an inverted U-shaped dose effect, whereas 4′-MePPP did not produce conditioned place preference. These findings suggest that α-PBP and α-PVP are likely to be recreationally used and have potential for addiction and abuse, but 4′-MePPP may not.
https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.115.223586
10.1124/jpet.115.223586
Dive into the research topics of 'Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
cathinone Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Methamphetamine Medicine & Life Sciences 60%
Cocaine Medicine & Life Sciences 38%
Locomotion Medicine & Life Sciences 24%
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Medicine & Life Sciences 17%
Illicit Drugs Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Gatch, M. B., Dolan, S. B., & Forster, M. J. (2015). Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 354(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.115.223586
Gatch, Michael B. ; Dolan, Sean B. ; Forster, Michael J. / Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives. In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2015 ; Vol. 354, No. 2. pp. 103-110.
@article{3bf7ac7b15174ecfa9eb63e83171b46b,
title = "Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives",
abstract = "Synthetic cathinones, often sold as {"}bath salts,{"} are a popular class of recreational drugs used as quasi-legal alternatives to cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The increased prevalence and health consequences of synthetic cathinone use has prompted regulatory agencies to control a number of these compounds; however, a broad class of analogous compounds known as the second-generation cathinones has been brought to the market to take the place of the banned synthetic cathinone derivatives. The current study aims to characterize the behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidinylated second-generation cathinones: 4-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4′-MePPP), α-pyrrolidinopropiobutiophenone (α-PBP), and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP). Locomotor activity was tested in mice over an 8-hour period. The discriminative stimulus effects of these compounds were tested in rats trained to discriminate either cocaine or methamphetamine. The rewarding effects of these drugs were assessed in mice using conditioned place preference. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced long-lasting increases in locomotor activity across a wide range of doses, whereas 4′-MePPP produced locomotor stimulation only at 30 mg/kg. Both α-PBP and α-PVP fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine, whereas 4′-MePPP substituted fully for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine only. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced conditioned place preference in an inverted U-shaped dose effect, whereas 4′-MePPP did not produce conditioned place preference. These findings suggest that α-PBP and α-PVP are likely to be recreationally used and have potential for addiction and abuse, but 4′-MePPP may not.",
author = "Gatch, {Michael B.} and Dolan, {Sean B.} and Forster, {Michael J.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.",
doi = "10.1124/jpet.115.223586",
journal = "Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics",
publisher = "American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics",
Gatch, MB, Dolan, SB & Forster, MJ 2015, 'Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives', Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 354, no. 2, pp. 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.115.223586
Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives. / Gatch, Michael B.; Dolan, Sean B.; Forster, Michael J.
In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 354, No. 2, 01.08.2015, p. 103-110.
T1 - Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives
AU - Gatch, Michael B.
AU - Dolan, Sean B.
AU - Forster, Michael J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
N2 - Synthetic cathinones, often sold as "bath salts," are a popular class of recreational drugs used as quasi-legal alternatives to cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The increased prevalence and health consequences of synthetic cathinone use has prompted regulatory agencies to control a number of these compounds; however, a broad class of analogous compounds known as the second-generation cathinones has been brought to the market to take the place of the banned synthetic cathinone derivatives. The current study aims to characterize the behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidinylated second-generation cathinones: 4-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4′-MePPP), α-pyrrolidinopropiobutiophenone (α-PBP), and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP). Locomotor activity was tested in mice over an 8-hour period. The discriminative stimulus effects of these compounds were tested in rats trained to discriminate either cocaine or methamphetamine. The rewarding effects of these drugs were assessed in mice using conditioned place preference. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced long-lasting increases in locomotor activity across a wide range of doses, whereas 4′-MePPP produced locomotor stimulation only at 30 mg/kg. Both α-PBP and α-PVP fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine, whereas 4′-MePPP substituted fully for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine only. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced conditioned place preference in an inverted U-shaped dose effect, whereas 4′-MePPP did not produce conditioned place preference. These findings suggest that α-PBP and α-PVP are likely to be recreationally used and have potential for addiction and abuse, but 4′-MePPP may not.
AB - Synthetic cathinones, often sold as "bath salts," are a popular class of recreational drugs used as quasi-legal alternatives to cocaine, methamphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The increased prevalence and health consequences of synthetic cathinone use has prompted regulatory agencies to control a number of these compounds; however, a broad class of analogous compounds known as the second-generation cathinones has been brought to the market to take the place of the banned synthetic cathinone derivatives. The current study aims to characterize the behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidinylated second-generation cathinones: 4-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4′-MePPP), α-pyrrolidinopropiobutiophenone (α-PBP), and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP). Locomotor activity was tested in mice over an 8-hour period. The discriminative stimulus effects of these compounds were tested in rats trained to discriminate either cocaine or methamphetamine. The rewarding effects of these drugs were assessed in mice using conditioned place preference. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced long-lasting increases in locomotor activity across a wide range of doses, whereas 4′-MePPP produced locomotor stimulation only at 30 mg/kg. Both α-PBP and α-PVP fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine, whereas 4′-MePPP substituted fully for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine only. Both α-PBP and α-PVP produced conditioned place preference in an inverted U-shaped dose effect, whereas 4′-MePPP did not produce conditioned place preference. These findings suggest that α-PBP and α-PVP are likely to be recreationally used and have potential for addiction and abuse, but 4′-MePPP may not.
U2 - 10.1124/jpet.115.223586
DO - 10.1124/jpet.115.223586
JO - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Gatch MB, Dolan SB, Forster MJ. Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2015 Aug 1;354(2):103-110. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.115.223586


text:
French (Hons)
As an MA student of French (Hons) at the University of St Andrews, you will develop language and communications skills to a high level of proficiency. You will have the opportunity to engage with a number of specialist topics including French language, literature, culture, history, politics and film.
The French (Hons) at University of St Andrews is a four or five-year course run by the School of Modern Languages. In the first two years, you will build on your existing skills in French and be offered a broad view of French literature, civilisation and culture.
Alongside French, in the first year of your studies you will be required to study an additional two subjects. In the second year, you will usually carry on at least one of these subjects, sometimes two.
In a job market that is becoming increasingly global, competency in global languages is valued by employers across all sectors, including industry and business. They recognise that a modern languages degree shows wide cultural experience as well as other personal transferable skills needed in employment.
Recent French graduates have gone to work for:
the British Council
Glasgow City Council
Christian Salvesen
HSBC's executive training programme.
Consumerism in Modern France
French Classical Period
Politics and Propaganda in Medieval France
Politics, Culture and Society of the Fifth Republic
Translation Methodology.
Language Studies Languages Linguistics View 1694 other Bachelors in Languages in United Kingdom
AAAB, including A in French.
AAB, including A in French.
36, including HL6 in French.
International Business (with French) (Hons)
Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
French and Linguistics (Hons)
History and French (with a year abroad) (Hons)
York, England, United Kingdom
French and Applied Language Studies (Hons)
Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
French and German (Hons)


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These sites can facilitate connections in your industry or around the world.
Online social networks are Web sites that enable people to create a network of connections to other individuals. Through the Internet communities that make up social networks, people can contact others they would like to know for personal or professional reasons but whom they might otherwise be unlikely to meet.
Social networks (most often hosted on Web sites) allow people to communicate with others whom they may or may not know. They include dating sites, professional sites, chat rooms, community sites and bulletin boards, but not venues whose primary purposes are nonsocial, such as job search sites. What makes online social networking unique is the ability to define one's own social network and interact in new ways. Indeed, users on many of these sites aren't looking to meet new people but to communicate with others who are already part of their social networks.
While many early Internet mechanisms (such as Usenet bulletin boards) offered a form of social networking, the first site specifically for networking might have been Classmates.com. Founded in 1995, Classmates.com fosters relationships based on high school and college affiliations. Next, in 1997, came SixDegrees.com, where users can seek connections based on any existing relationships.
The biggest impetus for social networking, however, was the rapid growth of blogging. Blogs began as online diaries, but today the blogosphere is a popular worldwide medium for public and private discourse, citizen journalism and political action.
After blogs came more complex sites designed specifically to help people communicate and meet new friends or colleagues. Friendster, MySpace and Facebook have had remarkable success in the personal realm. Sites like LinkedIn and Ryze facilitate professional connections.
Today, online social networking happens through a variety of mechanisms: dedicated personal and professional networks, online multiplayer games, services focused on specific goals such as dating or matchmaking, and even graphical cyberworlds. According to a national survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, 55% of all online US teens use social networking sites.
Most social networking sites have users create an individual profile within the system that defines them or expresses their personality. Most sites let users upload photos, and some allow other multimedia content.
Users typically identify friends already in the system. The term friends means others with whom a user has or would like to have some type of relationship. Some sites require these relationships to be OK'd by the other person and some don't. Profiles may be public and accessible by anyone or restricted to designated friends.
Most social networking sites display a list of the person's friends, with links, so that viewers can visit the friends on the list - and then, in turn, visit the people on the friends' lists of friends. An individual may create multiple online identities or personae; user data is rarely verified or checked.
Most social networking sites allow users to leave messages or comments on their friends' pages or profiles. Comments are usually displayed in reverse chronological order, open to anyone who can view the profile. Visitors can also leave private messages.


text:
Heaven Shall Burn () — металкор-гурт з Заальфельду, Німеччина, який комбінує агресивний звук металу із лірикою, котра підтримує антирасизм та борються з соціальною несправедливістю.  Чотири учасника ведуть веганський спосіб життя. Ім'я гурту інспіроване альбомом «Heaven Shall Burn … when we are gathered» блек-метал гурту Marduk.

Історія гурту

Група сформувалась у 1996 році під іменем «Consense» і відразу почала грати на багатьох концертах. Після того як лейбл «Deeds of Revolution Records» звернула увагу на «Heaven Shall Burn», вони випустили восени 1998 перший EP — In Battle There Is No Law (EP), а у 1999 записали спліт-LP разом з Fall of Serenity. Невдовзі після того підписано контракт з Lifeforce Records і у 2000 році публіковано їхній дебют-альбом Asunder. У цьому ж році вийшов спліт-LP з Caliban — The Split Program. Крім європейського туру група грала у наступних роках на концертах у Південній Америці і на фестивалях як «With Full Force», «Wacken Open Air» і «Summer Breeze».

У 2002 році вони випустили з «Lifeforce» другий студійний альбом Whatever It May Take. Також була випущена перезаписана версія альбому In Battle There Is No Law. Слідуючий альбом Antigone випустив лейбл Century Media Records. Альбом містить дві інстрментальні пісні ісландського композитора Олафура Арналдса.  У грудні 2005 року гітарист Патрік Шлейтцер покинув групу; його замінено Александером Дітцом.

У 2006 році гурт випустив альбом Deaf To Our Prayers через Century Media Records. Альбом дійшов до 65-го на німецьких, та 50-го місця — на грецьких чартах. «Heaven Shall Burn» підтримували альбом граючи разом з As I Lay Dying і Evergreen Terrace на Hell-On-Earth-Festival tour. У грудні 2006 Heaven Shall Bull робили тур разом з Caliban і грали 2007 року на концертах як «Rock Hard Festival» і «Wacken Open Air Festival». У лютому 2008, Iconoclast (Part One: The Final Resistance) був випущений з позитивним оглядом від критиків і уболівальників. Альбом лірично розглядає теми як наприклад лаїцизм, філософію Фрідріха Ніцше, героїв Німецького Опору в Другій світовій війні і боротьба їх країни з її минулим.

Учасники

 Маттіас Воігт (Matthias Voigt) — барабанщик
 Маік Вейхерт (Maik Weichert) — гітарист
 Александер Дітц (Alexander Dietz) — гітарист
 Ерік Бішофф (Eric Bischoff) — бас
 Маркус Бішофф (Marcus Bischoff) — вокаліст

Колишні учасники

 Патрік Шлейтцер (Patrick Schleitzer) — гітарист

Члени сесій

 Патрік В. Енгель — бас на «Whatever It May Take»
 Андре Моравек — вокаліст на концертах
 Крістіан Басс — барабанщик на концертах

Дискографія

Студійні альбоми

 1998 — In Battle There Is No Law (EP)
 2000 — Asunder
 2002 — Whatever It May Take
 2004 — Antigone
 2006 — Deaf To Our Prayers
 2008 — Iconoclast (Part 1: The Final Resistance)
 2010 — Invictus (Iconoclast III)

Інше

 1999 — Heaven Shall Burn / Fall Of Serenity — Спліт-LP
 2000 — The Split Program — Спліт-LP з Caliban
 2002 — In Battle… (There Is No Law) — бест оф, компіляція
 2005 — Tsunami Benefit — Спліт-LP
 2005 — The Split Program II — Спліт-LP з Caliban
 2007 — Voces Del Underground — компіляція

Посилання
 Офіційний вебсайт
 Heaven Shall Burn на Century Media

Металкор-гурти
Німецькі музичні гурти
Музичні колективи, що з'явились 1996
Засновані в Німеччині 1996


text:
Home/Women Kind lifts off
"People can be very isolated, even in a bustling place like Bankstown," says Mona Mahamed. Founder of Community Support Services (CSS) Mona spoke at the re-launch of the Women Kind giving circle by Sydney Women's Fund.
Thank you to Catherine Fox (pictured above) and Julia Quinn, founders of Women Kind, a new way for Sydney business women to connect with the work of Sydney Women's Fund and local grassroots communities.
In 2020, Women Kind with Sydney Women's Fund, aim to raise $65,000 to support a range of CSS Village programs.
"When we started to bring women together at CSS, the thing that connected them all was their isolation. Whether it was domestic violence, or were newly arrived, they all felt they were suffering alone," said Mona.
"I want to revive our village. Through sewing, cooking and art. I'm very very resourceful. With a sense that everything can have a purpose. We're all volunteers here and I feel so nourished being with the women we support."
As well as strong educational outcomes, CSS Village supports over 200 volunteers a year which fosters mentorship and a a sense of belonging for everyone.
By adminswf02|2021-12-17T15:13:32+11:00December 17th, 2019|Comments Off on Women Kind lifts off
About the Author: adminswf02


Because everyone needs more Butter Crunch Cashew in their life.
Imagine crunchy, salted cashews, Grade AA butter and pure cane sugar cooked to perfection and topped with a layer of creamy white and confection and sprinkled with finely chopped cashews.
You get two 8oz bags of the salty, crunchy, creamy, dreamy deliciousness that we call Butter Crunch.
NO artificial ingredients, gluten free.
Ingredients: Butter- pasteurized cream, salt; Cashews- cashews, canola oil and/or cottonseed and/or peanut oil, salt; Sugar; Confection Coating- sugar, palm kernel and palm oils, whey, nonfat milk, sunflower lecithin (emulsifier), natural flavor, pure vanilla. Allergy Information: Contains dairy, cashews, may contain peanut oil. Manufactured on equipment that processes peanuts and a variety of tree nuts.


This sumptuous 18ct yellow gold engagement ring holds a beautiful natural 0.70cts whisky-cognac coloured brilliant cut diamond.This beautiful unusual stone measures just under 5.5mm in diameter and sparkles with wonderful flashes of gold and warm brown tones.It has been set in this square shaped setting with 6 pave set 1.5mm H SI white fully brilliant cut shoulder diamonds to contrast the whisky and white diamond colours.The band is about 3mm wide and this unusual ring would particularly suit somebody who loves to wear neutral and Autumn tones but still likes a little sparkle.
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text:
Q: INNER JOIN to more than one table I have four tables
student
-------
id, int
firstName, varchar
lastName, varchar

course
------
id, int
name, varchar

semester
--------
id, int
name, varchar

mark
----
studentId, int
courseId, int
semesterId, int
mark, int

I want to make a sql query that retrives firstName, lastName, courseName, semesterName and mark for every row in the mark table.
I tried to do it with INNER JOIN but I can't make INNER JOIN for more than one table.
That code I reached finally
select student.firstName, student.lastName, course.name, semester.name, mark.mark
from mark
INNER JOIN student ON student.id = mark.studentId
INNER JOIN course ON course.id = mark.courseId
INNER JOIN semester ON semester.id = mark.semesterId

A: In Ms Access you have to include parentheses in a query with multiple joins:
select st.firstName, st.lastName, c.name, sm.name, m.mark
from (((mark m
        INNER JOIN student st ON st.id = m.studentId)
        INNER JOIN course c ON c.id = m.courseId)
        INNER JOIN semester sm ON sm.id = m.semesterId)

A: Try theta style join:
select student.firstName, student.lastName, course.name, semester.name, mark.mark
from mark, student ,course, semester
WHERE  student.id = mark.studentId AND course.id = mark.courseId AND semester.id = mark.semesterId

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


2008 is starting out with a very busy schedule.
It's fun going through the call for entry art competition lists to see what exhibits it might be possible to get a piece of artwork into.
For your enjoyment today, I decided to bring you another one of my Artist Trading Card miniature pieces. I love this little lake scene with a bird in the tree watching the sun descend over the water.
This Silhouette Sky is done with Primsacolor colored pencils on bristle board.
The sky is a mixture of blue and clouds here in southern Michigan today and it's in the 20s. We still have a thin layer of snow on the ground from the weekend snowfall.
Hope everyone is staying warm and cozy!


Original oil painting created as a commission.
Mount Rainier National Park is one of my favorite places to visit. The view from Paradise is spectacular.
This painting was done as a commission to be sold as a limited edition print. The 5000 print edition has been sold out. If you are interested in commissioning an oil painting send me an email and we can discuss your vision and budget.


text:
Events at All Saints
Hire the CPA
The Former Students' Association Incorporated, now more affectionately known as the Old Saints, was established in 1986. It exists to serve the interests of former students of All Saints' College and to be the primary interface between those students, the College and current students. Its mission is to promote the interests of all these parties in developing and nurturing the All Saints' College community, and into the 21st century.
The Old Saints' goals are:
To further the interests and prosperity of All Saints' College;
To create and sustain a sense of community among former All Saints' College students of all periods since the school's foundation in 1980;
To encourage former students to take responsibility for the advancement of Old Saints:
To ensure the continued financial security of Old Saints.
Old Saints is separately incorporated and elects a committee to manage its affairs and liaise with the College. The Association also nominates two members to join the College's Board.
Life Membership of Old Saints is free to all students who complete at least one year of secondary education at the College.


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text:
I duchi e i conti di Champagne si sono succeduti dal VII secolo al 1284.

Duchi di Champagne
Durante il periodo a cavallo tra le ascese delle dinastie merovingia e carolingia, esisteva il titolo di duca di Champagne, posseduto da:
 Lupo
 Vintrono
 Drogone (690-708)
 Arnolfo

Conti di Meaux e Troyes

Conti di Meaux

 862-877: Luigi II di Francia († 879);
 877-888: Teodeberto, fratello di Anscharic vescovo di Parigi;
 888-902: Erberto I di Vermandois († 907);
 902-943: Erberto II di Vermandois († 943), figlio di Erberto I.
 943-956: Roberto di Vermandois († 966), conte di Meaux (943-966) e Troyes (956-966), figlio di Erberto II. Sposa Adelaide Werra, contessa di Troyes, figlia di Gilberto di Châlon.

Conti di Troyes

 820-852: Alerano († 852);
 852-858: Oddone I di Troyes († 871), forse fratello maggiore di Roberto il Forte; destituito;
 858-866: Rodolfo († 866), zio materno di Carlo il Calvo.
 866-871: nuovamente Oddone I;
 871-876: Oddone II di Troyes, figlio di Oddone I;
 876-886: Roberto I fratello di Oddone II; genero di Luigi II di Francia;
 886-892: Adalelmo, figlio di Emenon de Poitiers e di una sorella di Roberto I;
 892-921: Riccardo il Giustiziere († 921), duca di Borgogna; impadronitosi di Troyes, se ne dichiarò conte;
 921-936: Rodolfo († 936), figlio di Riccardo, duca di Borgogna e, dal 923, re di Francia.
 936-936: Ugo il Nero († 952), figlio di Riccardo, Duca di Borgogna;
 936-943: Erberto II di Vermandois († 943), vassallo di Ugo il Nero ma in realtà indipendente;
 943-952: nuovamente Ugo il Nero;
 952-956: Gilberto di Châlon († 956), Duca di Borgogna.

Conti di Champagne
La contea di Champagne si formò dalla fusione delle contee di Meaux e Troyes.

Casato di Vermandois
 956-966: Roberto di Vermandois.
 966-995: Erberto, conte di Meaux e Troyes, figlio di Roberto.
 995-1022: Stefano I, conte di Meaux e Troyes, figlio di Erberto.

Casato di Blois
 1022-1037: Oddone II (983-1037), conte di Blois (Oddone II), Reims, Meaux e Troyes, cugino di Stefano I in quanto figlio di Liutgarda di Vermandois, sorella di Roberto.
 1037-1047: Stefano II († 1047), figlio di Oddone I ed Ermengarda.
 1047-1066: Oddone III († 1115), figlio di Stefano II. Suo zio Tebaldo si prenderà i suoi feudi.
 1066-1089: Tebaldo I (1019-1089), conte di Blois (Tebaldo III), Meaux e Troyes, figlio di Oddone I ed Ermengarda di Normandia, fratello di Stefano II.

Conti di Meaux e Troyes
Alla morte di Tebaldo, le contee furono nuovamente separate.

Conti di Meaux e Blois
 Stefano III Enrico (1089-1102).
 Tebaldo II (1102-1151).

Conti di Troyes
 Oddone IV (1089–1093)
 Ugo (1093–1102)

Conti di Champagne

Casato di Blois
 1102-1125: Ugo I di Champagne († 1126)
 1125-1151: Tebaldo II, († 1151), conte di Blois (Tebaldo IV) e Meaux, poi di Troyes e Champagne; figlio del fratellastro di Ugo I;
 1151-1181: Enrico I il Liberale († 1181), conte di Champagne, figlio di Tebaldo II;
 1181-1197: Enrico II († 1197), anche re di Gerusalemme (1192-1197), figlio di Enrico I;
 1197-1201: Tebaldo III, (1179-1201), fratello di Enrico II;
 1234-1253:Tebaldo IV il Canzoniere o il Postumo (1201-1253), anche re di Navarra come Tebaldo I, figlio di Tebaldo III e Bianca di Navarra;
 1253-1270: Tebaldo V (1238 † 1270), anche re di Navarra come Tebaldo II, figlio di Tebaldo IV
 1270-1274: Enrico III il Grosso (1244 † 1274), anche re di Navarra come Enrico I, fratello di Tebaldo V
 1274-1305: Giovanna (1273-1305), anche regina di Navarra, figlia di Enrico I, sposa nel 1284 Filippo IV di Francia.

Bibliografia
 Evergates, Theodore, Feudal Society in the Baillage of Troyes under the Counts of Champagne, 1152-1284. ISBN 0-8018-1663-7
 Evergates, Theodore, Feudal Society in Medieval France: Documents from the County of Champagne. ISBN 0-8122-1441-2 (paperback), ISBN 0-8122-3225-9 (hardback)
 Evergates, Theodore, The Aristocracy of Champagne in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Quantitative Description, in Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 5. pp 1-18 (1974)

Voci correlate
 Champagne (provincia)
 Armoriale del Regno di Francia

Altri progetti

Titoli nobiliari francesi
Champagne


text:
The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong is the last part of Legacy of the Bretons, arriving November 2022
By Samuel Tolbert
The year-long adventure draws to a close with some big clashes across the Systres Archipelago.
(Image credit: Bethesda Softworks)
In a livestream, developer ZeniMax Online Studios shared details on The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong, the final DLC in the Legacy of the Bretons storyline.
The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong focuses on the mystery of the druids on the Isle of Galen.
This DLC will also finish the story started in 2022 with Ascending Tide, and will allow for a final confrontation with the Ascendant Lord.
The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong is slated to launch on Nov. 1, 2022 for PC and Stadia, with Xbox and PlayStation players getting access on Nov. 15, 2022.
As 2022 begins to wind down, so too is the year-long Legacy of the Bretons adventure in The Elder Scrolls Online. There's still plenty to explore though, including a brand new DLC called Firesong.
The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong closes out the story that began in Ascending Tide and continued through The Elder Scrolls Online: High Isle. Firesong is set on the Isle of Galen, which is the home of the druids. The druids are currently embroiled in a civil war, with the Firesong Circle attacking the Stonelore and Eldertide Circles.
Outside of this conflict, players who have gone through all of the main story so far will also be able to confront the Ascendant Lord, putting together clues from across the year's storyline. Beyond these major questlines, there's a host of other improvements coming as well, including a new Tales of Tribute Patron, The Druid King. This new Patron provides players a new way to strategize in this card game.
Regardless of what expansions and DLC you've purchased, everyone will get to benefit from Update 36, which is slated to launch alongside The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong. This update adds a new text-to-speech accessibility option, Simplified Chinese option, the ability to hide combat pets, and more.
The Elder Scrolls Online: Firesong is currently scheduled to launch for PC and Stadia on Nov. 1, 2022. As usual, the console version is two weeks behind, so the Xbox Series X, Xbox Series S, Xbox One, PS5, and PS4 versions of the DLC will be available on Nov. 15, 2022.
The Elder Scrolls Online: High Isle
The newest expansion for ZeniMax Online Studios' role-playing experience provides a great experience unlike anything in the game so far. The story is coming to a close, but there's a lot for fans to look forward to in the final chapter, Firesong.
Buy from: Xbox (opens in new tab) (upgrade) | Xbox (opens in new tab) (Collection)
Samuel Tolbert
Samuel Tolbert is a freelance writer covering gaming news, previews, reviews, interviews and different aspects of the gaming industry, specifically focusing on Xbox and PC gaming on Windows Central. You can find him on Twitter @SamuelTolbert.
The Elder Scrolls Online: Legacy of the Bretons


A new code and form of order for cost capping was brought into effect in August 2016, when Sections 88 to 90 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 ('the Act') came into force. Cost capping is the court's ability in judicial review proceedings to assure a party to the proceedings that notwithstanding the outcome of the case, it will pay only a certain amount (or none) of another party's costs.
Written by Hannah Blake, Trainee Solicitor. As part of the release of the CQC's State of Care Report 2015-2016, we have produced a series of articles highlighting the findings and our analyses. Here, Hannah Blake comments on the issues raised in the report about DoLS. In line with a Supreme Court ruling in 2014 'a deprivation of liberty occurs when a person is under continuous or complete supervision and control, is not free to leave, and lacks capacity to consent to these arrangements'. This has meant that hospitals and care homes must apply to local authorities if they wish to deprive someone of their liberty; the process is set out by the DoLS. Whilst it is well established that the DoLS are there to ensure that when deprivation of liberty is required, it occurs in the person's best interests, there are ongoing issues in relation to the understanding and application of the requirements. The role of CQC is to regulate and monitor their use and, unsurprisingly, they have found a direct correlation in relation to homes with a poor understanding of DoLS and a "requires improvement" or "inadequate" rating.
Written by Hannah Blake, Trainee Solicitor R (Interim Executive Board of X) v Ofsted  EWHC 2004 (Admin), Stuart-Smith J This recent case provides a useful guide for public authorities and claimants who may be involved in public law injunctions. The case sets out what a claimant must establish to restrain publication of potentially contentious reports, on an interim basis, and how there are additional hurdles to overcome compared to private law cases.


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is firmly established as the best-selling series of brass tutors. It presents a flexible course which can be tailored to suit each student, ideal for individual, group and class tuition - including the ABRSM music medals. The books in the series contain plenty of carefully graded music in a wide range of styles, from Baroque and Classical eras to film, folk, jazz and Latin American.


Chances are you have heard about how easy it can be to evade antivirus. Often, this is because the signatures used by vendors are too simplistic and can be successfully duped without changing the functionality of the malware. Have you ever attempted to evade AV? Is it really that easy? In this blog post, I'll show you how I adapted "malicious" (not really) PowerShell script to slip by Windows Defender.
One of my favorite PowerShell commands is iex (new-objectnet.webclient).downloadstring, which can be used to load a remotely hosted script directly into memory. This command is often behind reports of "fileless" malware and is regularly abused by red teams and criminals alike. AV detection of this method has improved somewhat recently but plenty of options exist to evade, such as invoke-obfuscation by @danielhbohannon.
The MITRE ATT&CK framework includes a technique called "Indicator Removal from Tools" (T1066), which describes how an adversary may alter a tool after it is detected in an attempt to evade defenses. T1066 is one reason why alerts for a tool being blocked should not be ignored. In researching this technique, I found that using my favorite command with PowerSploit's Find-AVSignature.ps1 somewhat ironically resulted in a Windows Defender block… not-so-ironically, it was released in 2012.
There have been many excellent posts on how to evade AV but, as the saying goes, "there is more than one way to skin a cat." To highlight how ridiculous AV can be, I decided to bypass AV detection of Find-AVSignature.ps1 while maintaining the spirit of "there is an easier way," outlined in @obscuresec's blog post introducing Find-AvSignature.
...it will NOT block you from performing a wget on the page and then viewing the page's content.
Surely, we can't change the variable names!
We could simply do a $page.content.replace twice to replace the two variables but why would we when we can over-complicate this? Let's add logic to change the variable names for us by simply reversing the characters.
But does Find-AvSignature.ps1 still work? Yes, yes it does….
As you can see, it's not only Windows Defender that is using a poorly chosen detection string – our small change detection went across several AV products. This begs some questions: How well does AV hold up to other techniques? Is that ok because you are covered elsewhere? More expansively, how well does your firewall, IDS/IPS, and Sandbox hold up? Could you adjust your defense strategy to compensate? Before you invest in another security tool to layer over the tons that you probably already have, ask yourself if it's really the product or a change in configuration that is needed.
Verodin SIP prescriptively shows you exactly what change you should make to optimize your security, so you can find solutions with what you already have in your network. To learn more, request a demo.


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We are at Halloween again, so in the spirit of the season I will resurrect another corpse of a failed design and put it on display to scare the children!
Above is one of the very first concept images for Backworlds – then Backworld – that Juha made when there was barely even a platform game there. We were still discussing just what having a frontworld and a backworld meant for gameplay and what the rules would be, and one of the ideas Juha had was to have broken circuits that you needed to complete by connecting pieces in different worlds. Much later, when we were coming up with the core mechanics for the themed worlds, we were struggling to find good ways to change the behavior of a world so I made the pitch to create a world that revolved around specific game objects instead – we called this world Circuit.
The basic concepts here were the the circuits connecting the circuit nodes and the sparks running along them – I got this system up and running quickly and figured out that it was really easy to come up with puzzle designs ranging from trivial to near-impossible. The puzzles essentially were about making sure that the spark was at the right place in the right time, and by adding more sparks and more paths that the player had to synchronize we could obfuscate the solution to the puzzle without adding red herrings. It was also really easy to build the levels and they very rarely had the edge case physics issues we had seen on the other levels.
So in short, building Circuit was a lot of fun, and the designs of the pure puzzles felt very clean. Juha had reservations about the player avatar not being involved in the puzzles, but I went ahead and worked out the kinks in the circuit system, even added some preliminary production art to the circuits and made sure they played well with effects before building yet more Circuit levels. Juha still had complaints, but I liked the process of working with Circuit so much I kept working on them until we could get them playtested.
The playtest did not go particularly well and on examining the place of Circuit in the larger design of Backworlds I finally grasped what Juha had been saying – the circuit puzzles were fundamentally a different kind of puzzle that you were solving with a really awkward interface. At its core, Circuit was about enabling and disabling circuit parts at given times, and making the player do this with the Backworlds paint mechanics and platforming only detracted from this. Again, the puzzle designs felt clean and might have worked in their own setting in a different game, but in Backworlds they were misplaced. In retrospect, I had confused something being easy and fun to work on with it being a good design, and had I made more of an effort to understand Juha's initial reservations we would have saved a lot of time.
That brings this Halloween post to a close, in development news we are still working on production art but also sorting out administration and plans for the final stretch of development. Nothing to announce just yet, but next year should be interesting!
On a final note, the IGF entrants have been posted! Tough competition this year, I'm hoping my personal Game of the Year 2017 Hollow Knight gets recognition but I would also like to call out Amanita Design's delightful Chuchel and, for the puzzle fans, Alan Hazelden's intricate Cosmic Express.


text:
Totally Under Control
At this moment over 200,000 Americans have died from COVID-19. From July 15 to August 31, the death toll was running at an average of 1000/day. That's double the number of those who perished on 9/11 every week. The carelessly designed lockdowns and their long-lasting economic effects have led to massive job losses (23 million/14.7% in April), widespread hunger, dislocation and a runaway federal deficit. Had the federal government done its job properly -by following clear guidelines in place based on past pandemics -most of the death and destruction could have been avoided. While the current administration makes its claims for a job well done, the fact is that the US response to COVID-19 is one of the worst, with 4% of the world's population and 21% of the deaths. How did this happen? On January 20th, 2020 the US and South Korea both discovered their first cases of COVID-19. However, 9 months later, the novel Coronavirus has claimed the lives of over200,000 Americans and caused staggering economic damage, while in South Korea, there were no significant lockdowns and, in an urbanized population of 51 million, only 344 lives have been lost.
Where did we go wrong? As the presidential election nears, Americans are increasingly enraged by a lack of clear leadership, endemic political corruption and left to wonder how did the wealthiest and most powerful country in the world manage to fail so thoroughly in its response to a global pandemic? Academy Award-winning filmmaker Alex Gibney, directing with Ophelia Harutyunyan and Suzanne Hillinger, interrogates this question and its devastating implications in Totally Under Control. With damning testimony from public health officials and hard investigative reporting, Gibney exposes a system-wide collapse caused by a profound dereliction of Presidential leadership.
Now we know that by Feb. 7, Trump knew that COVID was, in his words, "a deadly virus." But instead of working to protect the American people by containing the virus, the current administration was willfully blind to the growing contagion ("it's like a miracle; it will disappear," said Trump) in hopes that voters wouldn't notice any problems until after the 2020 election. While the current administration tries to frame the situation as an unavoidable crisis, it is really closer to a crime of negligence. Weirdly enough, I don't see this as a political film; it's a film about incompetence and corruption that is totally out of control. -Alex Gibney
"The COVID-19 Documentary All Americans Need to See", "documents the chaos of 2020 with clear-eyed precision" - The Atlantic
"Breathless, inciting and thoroughly infuriating." - LA Times
Directors: Alex Gibney, Ophelia Harutyunyan, Suzanne Hillinger
Producers: Alex Gibney, Ophelia Harutyunyan, Suzanne Hillinger
Writer: Alex Gibney
Editor: Lindy Jankura, Alex Keipper
Executive Producers: Jeffrey Lurie, Marie Therese Guirgis, Andrew Morrison, Mark Lampert, Michael Sacks, Jeff Skoll, Diane Weyermann, Maiken Baird, Allison Ellwood, Tom Quinn, Jeff Deutchman, Dan O'Meara, Stacey Offman, Richard Perello
info@playactionpictures.com


Like the gasoline that powers a car, cash is the lifeblood of any small business.
You need to keep track of cash throughout just as you would monitor the fuel gauge while driving. Because if you're not careful, your business will quickly end up like a car running on fumes: stalled.
Cash management may seem daunting, but if you build a plan while your business is small, your cash supply will grow along with your company. Below are 4 ways to help you get started.
Before you can improve your cash flow, you need to be able to know where you stand at any given time.
Be diligent about keeping track of all cash in and cash out — weekly and monthly – in order to stay on top of it. Your cash flow status should never come as a surprise to you.
Once you have a good grasp of how cash moves in and out of your business, you can begin to be strategic about how to make your money work for you.
You can't pay your bills if your customers aren't paying you. Make your payment policies clear and put everything in writing. This could include penalties for late payments or discounts for customers who pay early. With everything on paper, there's a smaller chance that surprises will arise.
Always invoice your customers as soon as possible and send reminders that payment is due. Don't wait days or weeks. By waiting to invoice your customers, you give them less time to pay and increase the likelihood that the payment will be late.
Making it as easy as possible for your clients to pay you will help ensure you receive your money on time. Think about having an online portal/grocery cart and accepting as many forms of payment as possible. Consider drafting your client's accounts, accepting gift, prepaid, debit and credit cards. Utilize mobile payment options (your smartphone or tablet can be used for credit card payments) like PayFox.
Reducing expenses is a great way to improve your cash flow. Before hiring new employees, consider whether or not a freelancer can do the work, especially if you're just starting out. This will eliminate significant and consistent costs including salary and benefits.
Go green by reducing the use of paper around the office; it's another quick way businesses today are reducing costs. And not having to maintain an expensive printer or buy paper and ink will really add up.
Be strategic about the suppliers you use. While using only a few suppliers may allow you to get discounts, using multiple suppliers will often give you more flexible payment options since due dates will be spread throughout the month.
Often times, suppliers will offer discounts for paying in cash. Take advantage of this opportunity. Also, be sure to take the allotted time you're given to pay suppliers. Most of the time you will have 60 to 90 days to pay an invoice. This serves as an interest-free credit line.
Don't pay late, but unless they're willing to give you a significant discount, try not to pay early either.
Be prepared for these bumps by creating an emergency fund. Depending on your business, you will want to put aside enough to cover between 3 months to a year of business expenses.
To do this, first determine how much you want to deposit each month. Then, set up an interest-bearing business checking account for these funds.
Resist the urge to put these funds into the stock market. While a checking account may earn less interest, it will guarantee that the money is always available to you, should you need it.
Another option is for you to set up a business credit card that will give you the flexibility to offset some costs and pay your bills on a set schedule.
With these tips in mind, you can feel comfortable hitting the accelerator on your small business. Just make sure to keep your eye on the gauge.
If you'd like to learn more about cash management for your business, feel free to visit with a cash management specialist at a First Bank branch near you.
First Bank and Kids Making It - "Dream It. Do It."
New Year's Resolutions: What are Your 2015 Business Goals?


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