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Why so few women in politics?
Mayor Sharon Weston Broome began her political career 30 years ago with a seat on the East Baton Rouge Metro Council, where she surprisingly found little gender disparity among her colleagues, as one of several women serving on the local level. That changed, however, once she moved into higher office by 1992. "As I went
I asked for and got a raise
Over the course of her two years with environmental consulting firm QRI, L. Rivers Berryhill made an effort to become the go-to person in the company for help. The Baton Rouge native, working as a project coordinator and environmental scientist, steadily took on more tasks and responsibility, and earlier this year, she realized her role
Navigating as the first female in the C-Suite
Asked + Answered is a new recurring feature in The Network. We pose reader queries about workplace and management matters to a panel of three Baton Rouge executive coaches and management consultants to get their take. Submit your questions anonymously. I'm the first and only female on my company's executive team. Any tips for navigating
Inside Lori Virdue's vintage style shop
Lori Virdue's love for vintage was born in her grandmother's closet. Growing up, she lived with three siblings in her grandparents' retro home in south Baton Rouge. When getting dressed for school, she would borrow '50s, '60s and '70s pieces from their closet. The free-spirited gaucho pants, timeless printed shift dresses and high-waisted pedal pushers all
Get a head start on a great school year
Sponsored by East Baton Rouge Parish School System Summer is quickly coming to an end and getting back into school routines can be challenging for kids and parents. Being a kid isn't easy. At any age, facing the start of a new school year can feel overwhelming. Even kids who look forward to beginning new
How I Get It Done: Sarah Taylor
Sarah Taylor thrives on chaos. There's no way to predict injuries, so she's never able to plan a workday. She constantly has to move in a reactionary way by what walks through the door. "My days are a little chaotic, We don't schedule our work, it arrives on our doorstep." Nevertheless, as CEO of Gulf
This email was sent to @{delivery_email}@
Louisiana Business Inc · 9029 Jefferson Highway · Suite 300 · Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809 · USA


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Quarantine Chronicles: relationships App Dares Asians to like Themselves in Face of Anti-Asian Racism
The pandemic jolted everyone's resides like no-one might have envisioned, but it really hit the Japanese area particularly frustrating both figuratively and practically. All of a sudden, merely walking across the street in extended daylight came to be risky. Asians like myself have been at random assaulted because of the shape of the focus, because our very own forefathers relocated below for a far better lifestyle 170 yrs ago, because we all moved across the street just like all of us fit right here. Exactly how dare most of us?
A year ago, there has been an impressive increase in violent problems against those of Japanese ethnicity. Asians happen smacked, pushed, outdone, spat at even murdered. We've been labeled as "chks" and taught to "go back once again to Asia" despite that many of us were born within Toronto area also elements of Canada, understanding that some of us aren't of Chinese descent. Not forgetting, needless to say, that people assigning these acts of physical violence against usa tend to be immigrants themselves.
Without a doubt, anti-Asian racism is absolutely nothing brand-new. It's been known ever since the 1800s, but it's commonly subtle the pandemic posseses put they to lamp. Most of us Asians will always be about receiving terminate of informal racism and microaggressions: whenever an Asian female would be or is shown as a sexual target in a film, or a Japanese dude as a technical or a geek, each time a Japanese fictional character was actually starred by a white star, anytime laughs comprise created towards size of Asian men's penises and getting a specific tendency for math, etc. All of these things have really been thought socially appropriate.
For the business world today, it plays around like the "bamboo roof" an expression that means the restrictions and discrimination experienced by lots of Asian someone professionally. At the same time, when you look at the going out with community, Japanese women can be frequently asked degrading issues, while Japanese men are always instructed, "I dont big date Asians." This is 2021. it is thoroughly disgusting.
Similar came into this world
it is with regard to this previous sample regarding dating that I determine the opportunity to setup changes. To try to allow fighting anti-Asian racism, and create a safe space for Asians who are trying to find prefer, I have decided to construct a relationships program which especially provides the Asian encounter and celebrates every bit of their difficulties and nuances. it is named similar, and it also's a video a relationship software that celebrates Asian character, culture and pleasure. It can do hence by permitting individuals to share with its facts through clip and Asian-centric prompts such What I enjoy about becoming Asian happens to be, "The most readily useful noodle soups happens to be without doubt", or "My Asian part product is definitely"
The working platform was video-based which helps struggle unfavorable stereotypes, and highlights one's correct character and personality. We think one's journey are inserted inside their whole are how they talking, the direction they move, how they laugh and far more. It must also be mentioned that some consumers of Alike are of Asian race, anyone can write a profile. Truly the only needs is being sincere of people and to accept the idea and feel upon which the app is fashioned.
The software can also help customers within their quest to self-love i am aware it surely keeps personally. You will find, very dreadful risks of anti-Asian racism has been that many usa "drank the Kool-Aid", as we say. Which is we've got internalized this hatred and, this means that, we have been significantly damage. This application isn't about supporting Asians "hook up". it is about recovery. It's about realizing the Japanese diaspora belongs to a journey to repair from decades of ancestral shock and internalized racism. Through similar, we're empowering Asians to share with their unique tales and through that process locate self-acceptance, self-respect and absolutely love. It's time most of us begin to really like our-self.
Matchmaking Throughout The Pandemic
The need for this application as well as this safer area is clear. We introduced the beta type of Alike away Ryerson University's iBoost during the epidemic in December 2020 and had significantly more than 700 packages in only seven days. For the first time, people in the Asian area across Ontario and the usa are attaching with folks that had been on a single quest, discovering a community of people that provided the company's knowledge as well as their tales.
The truth is, it has been while doing this primary day the particular one of our own preliminary fights was developed: someone in Toronto connected with a gent in L.A. They've experienced contact since and tend to be forgivingly waiting around for the borders to look at to enable them to meet in person.
The app currently is available by invitation as we're however for the beta period and rolling up latest features one-by-one. The full release is predicted delayed this summer. If you wants to get in on the beta variant, make sure you make use of the request laws "VIEWTHEVIBE" and install the application from the application Store or online Gamble.
To all regarding the non-Asians here, while Asian neighborhood heals and also now we learn how to appreciate our-self, we check with which you come to be a friend. Anti-Asian racism influences not merely the Asian society, but all of us. Plus its commonly extremely soft, so everyday, frequently coming across deceptively simple. Yet it isn't. Admitting anti-Asian racism might be first faltering step toward modification. Kindly check-in with the Japanese partners and peers and offer support. Assist scatter understanding. Incase an individual experience racism or physical violence toward Asians, make sure you communicate around, step in, and remain true for all of us your neighbors and companion Canadians.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Peninsula women organize Home Political Salon Series focusing on House and Senate races
by Linda Hubbard on April 9, 2020
A number of women on the mid-Peninsula, including Atherton resident Laura Lauder and Menlo-Atherton High School alumna Cathy Hewitt Podell, are organizing @Home Political Salon Series in April and May.
"[My husband] Gary and I cherish good government that is responsive and accountable," said Laura. "We feel a strong responsibility to help convene the community to meet and support excellence in leadership.
"Here in the Menlo-Atherton community, we are fortunate to have great leaders, who care deeply about the citizens and are proactive. In this horrific period where so many are suffering, we need responsive government more than ever, and we must bring those candidates to people's homes.
"It's wonderful to join together virtually as a community to help bring great leaders to the attention of our fellow citizens in the Menlo-Atherton community!"
Adds Cathy: "Our focus will be on maintaining the House, supporting the amazing talent pool of Senate candidates who have a high probability to succeed in November and exposing you to other groups instrumental in helping to win in November."
To attend any of the events below, please email Cheryl Westmont.
April 11th, 2:30 pm- Josh Harder (CA10): One of the tightest races in the country.
April 17th, 4:30 pm @Home with 5 Wonder Women Congresswomen. All former military or CIA women who continue to serve our country: Chrissy Houlihan (PA-6), Elaine Luria (VA-2), Mikie Sherrill (NJ-11), Elissa Slotkin (MI-8), Abigail Spanberger (VA-6).
April 22nd, 7:00 pm Christy Smith (CA-25): This is to help her in the special election on May 12th.
April 29th, 6:00 pm Sara Gideon for Senate in Maine: This is considered one of the toss up races to win the Senate.
May 6th, 6:00 pm Theresa Greenfield for Senate in Iowa, a seat that is up in the air.
May 13, 6:00 pm Steve Bullock for Senate in Montana: He is the current Governor, ran for President and has great name recognition.
To learn more about these events or to rsvp, email Cheryl Westmont. cherylwestmont@gmail.com.


According to the American Board of Ophthalmology, an Opthalmologist focused on the medical and surgical care of the eyes. An ophthalmologist is a medical or osteopathic doctor who specializes in eye and vision care. Ophthalmologists differ from optometrists and opticians in their levels of training and in what they can diagnose and treat. Med League provides Ophthalmology Expert Witness to plaintiff & defense attorneys nationwide.
As a medical doctor who has completed college and at least eight years of additional medical training, an ophthalmologist is licensed to practice medicine and surgery. An ophthalmologist diagnoses and treats all eye diseases, performs eye surgery, dispense medications, and prescribes and fits eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision problems. Many ophthalmologists are also involved in scientific research on the causes and cures for eye diseases and vision disorders.
Med League provides highly-qualified Ophthalmology Expert Witness as well as other medical experts witness who can review your case. Contact Us for your next case.


Interests:Kayak fishing and fly fishing for smallmouth on local rivers and tributaries.
This is a fun and great way to fish, enjoy a day outside, win some money and most important help out a great charity, the Ronald McDonald House of Chicago and Northwest Indiana. Dont wait send in your registration today all form are at the web site listed below. Spots fill up so don't wait.
Lets help Fishing for a Cure help Ronald McDonald House of Chicago and Northwest Indiana and have fun doing it.
Sign up today!! Grab a pole and push out from shore for Exelon's 17th Annual Fishing for a Cure fundraiser May 12th, 2018, from 6:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Braidwood Generating Station's cooling lake in Braceville, IL. Teams (two anglers per team) will compete for some impressive cash prizes totaling $10,000. First place will reel in $4,000, and second and third place win $2,500 and $1,000, respectively. Those who finish in the top 10 also win cash. Check out the following link for rules and sign up sheets - easy to download - Invite a friend or just spread the word of this great event!!
We have raised over $500,000 for charities and all money raised has been given to area charities and Exelon had picked up all cost while the volunteers work year round at raising money.


In what's likely the most mundane news you've read all week, posts on Rubenerd are now in boxes again. Boom!
I tried the whole miniamlism thing, but I like the clean breaks between sections. I think it renders the site more readable, and easier to visually separate the wheat from the chaff (admittedly a risk when most of your site content is the aforementioned chaff, including this post). The drop shadows and borders also harken back to DOS in a delightfully tacky way.
For what it's worth, the original Rubenerd in 2003 had a similar arrangement. Now all I need are tabs along the top, and we'll be rocking more nostalgia than I know what to do with.


Featuring my latest haul from the group SaeliYuriMelissaLee in Facebook. For those of you who like to order Authentic Korean Skin care and cosmetics, you need to join the Facebook group. Second, you look for the reseller (ANGEL as they were called) in your area. Then, you can browse on the available products they sell.
I was asked for recommendations on affordable local eyebrow products aside from EB eyeliners so I thought to review other local eyebrow pencils. Nichido Extra Waterproof Protective Eye Pencil has got to be one of them.


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Bilateral acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis presenting as acute kidney injury requiring haemodialysis
Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect
Suvarna L Guvvala Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Sailaja Sakam Department of Internal Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Michael B Stokes Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Kalpana Uday Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York, USA PubMed articlesGoogle scholar articles
Correspondence to Dr Suvarna L Guvvala, suvarna.guvvala{at}ttuhsc.edu
Guvvala SL, Sakam S, Stokes MB, et al
BMJ Case Reports CP 2019;12:e227996.
First published February 21, 2019.
© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.


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Q: Miller-Tucker-Zemlin notation to make TSP relaxation First of all, I need to clarify that i'm very new to this subject, hence why this question attempts to clarify a few things for me. (sorry if i'm vague in my formulation, - but i'm not a mathematics student)
I am working with a traveling salesman problem with 10 connected vertices, that I have solved in excel as an integer program.
Now I intend to check whether my feasible solution is optimal of not.
I know that I can check this by generating a heuristically feasible solution to my TSP problem. e.g. through a cheapest insertion heuristic (lets call it Zh).
And then make a relaxation of my TSP problem Pr.
if my solution is between Zh and Pr and the interval between Zh and Pr isn't too big, i can say that my solution is very close to being optimal.
Now, here is where im in doubt. My book says, that in order to make a relaxation of my problem, I will need to make it as a Miller-Tucker-Zemlin notation.

As you can see above, this is the suggestion as to how this program should be noted.
I understand whats going on in the two first constraints. - That we make separate constraints for each vertice.
However, I have no idea what we are doing below our two constraints. The book fails to clarify what respectively uj and ui represents. Let alone explain why we have to add that constraint.
If anyone could be able to elaborate on this for me in plain english, I will be very pleased. Thanks!

A: The MTZ constraints are designed to eliminate subtours in a solution. A subtour is basically a loop (returning to a previously visited location). If the only return you allow is to the starting point (location 1), then you have no subtours. As an example, consider a TSP with five locations. The solution 1 - 2 - 1, 3 - 4 - 5 -3 will satisfy your first two constraints but is not a valid solution. The MTZ constraints will eliminate it.
To get an intuition for the MTZ constraints, think of $u_k$ as the value of a counter that goes up by at least one each time you go to a new location. You start at location 1 with $u_1 = 1$. The MTZ constraint says that if you go directly from location $i$ to location $j$ ($x_{ij}=1$), your counter at location $j$ must be at least one higher than it was at location $i$ ($u_j \ge u_i + 1$). This prevents you from completing a loop, since returning to location $k$ from previous location $j$ would require that $u_k \ge u_j + 1 \gt u_j \ge \dots \ge u_k$, which gets you the contradiction $u_k \gt u_k$. To avoid creating a tear in the space-time continuum when you get back to location 1, the constraint is relaxed (not enforced) there.
I've glossed over why the counter goes up at least one rather than exactly one at each new stop. Basically, it's for mathematical convenience: it's easier to relax an inequality (for pairs $i, j$ that are not consecutive, i.e., $x_{ij} =0$) than it is to relax an equation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The techniques of chasing and repoussé form silver into deep contours. The metal is held in soft pitch, a tar-like substance, while wide punches are used to create depth on the surface of the silver. The process is then repeated to form the other side.
A specialist technique she has adopted is to start a piece with flat chasing before it is formed. The silver sheet is held in hard pitch and fine punches are used to make defined lines. The silver is then worked on wooden formers following the main lines of the initial chasing. Often the silver is planished with steel hammers, to give a finely dappled finish.


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Q: Expire specific managed bean instance after time interval I have 2 JSF managed beans A and B and I need to expire/destruct/destroy A after 2 minutes and B after 5 minutes. I checked this related question Timing out from a bean, but it is expiring whole session. I do not want to expire whole session.
How can I achieve this with a custom scope?

A: Given that you're using JSF bean management facility (and thus not CDI, which would require a completely different answer), you can achieve this with @CustomScoped. The @CustomScoped value must refer a Map implementation in a broader, usually existing, scope.
Something like:
@ManagedBean
@CustomScoped("#{timeoutScope}")
public class TimeoutBean {}

As the @CustomScoped annotation doesn't support passing additional arguments, setting the timeout can only be done via an additional custom annotation like below:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface Timeout {

    /** Minutes. */
    int value();

}

@ManagedBean
@CustomScoped("#{timeoutScope}")
@Timeout(5) // Expires after 5 minutes.
public class TimeoutBean {}

Now, here's a kickoff example of how the #{timeoutScope} looks like, including @PostConstruct support (automatically) and @PreDestroy support (manually):
@ManagedBean
@SessionScoped
public class TimeoutScope extends HashMap<String, Object> {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Override
    public Object put(String name, Object bean) {
        Timeout timeout = bean.getClass().getAnnotation(Timeout.class);

        if (timeout == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("@Timeout annotation is required on bean " + name);
        }

        Long endtime = System.nanoTime() + (timeout.value() * (long) 6e10);
        Object[] beanAndEndtime = new Object[] { bean, endtime };
        return super.put(name, beanAndEndtime);
    }

    @Override
    public Object get(Object key) {
        Object[] beanAndEndtime = (Object[]) super.get(key);

        if (beanAndEndtime == null) {
            return null;
        }

        Object bean = beanAndEndtime[0];
        Long endtime = (Long) beanAndEndtime[1];

        if (System.nanoTime() > endtime) {
            String name = (String) key;
            ScopeContext scope = new ScopeContext("timeoutScope", Collections.singletonMap(name, bean));
            FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
            context.getApplication().publishEvent(context, PreDestroyCustomScopeEvent.class, scope);
            return null;
        }

        return bean;
    }

}

You see, it's session scoped and implements Map. As to the scope, this way it's tied to a specific user session, not to the whole application. If you actually want to share the bean across all user sessions in the application, then make it application scoped instead. As to the Map, henever JSF needs to find a managed bean, it first tries get(). If it returns null (i.e. bean doesn't exist yet), then it will auto-create the managed bean instance and perform a put().
Inside the put(), it's a matter of extracting and calculating the timeout and store it in the map. Inside the get(), you just check the timeout and return null to indicate JSF that bean doesn't exist anymore. JSF will then simply auto-create it and come back at put(), etc.
Do note that I'm using System#nanoTime() instead of System#currentTimeMillis() as the latter is tied to OS (operating system) time, not to hardware time (and it's thus sensitive to a.o. DST and enduser-controlled changes in time).


Flipping does not work for every classroom.
And it flipping wore me out.
The key thing I learned is kiddos who will do not do their flipping homework on a regular basis will not watch a flipping video outside of the flipping classroom either.
As a result, this flipping phenomenon would get me all flipping stressed out.
And I do not do stress, flipping or otherwise.
For me, the art of flipping a classroom was not especially effective.
Therefore, I prefer spending my flipping video-making time emulating flipping Dan Meyer of flipping blog.mrmeyer.com.


Our quality hydraulic hose assemblies feature improved hose construction technologies such as improved wire reinforcement designs and processing and new insulation materials that are abrasion resistant and color coded (making it easy to install). These have enabled pressure increases on select Eaton/Aeroquip® hydraulic hose styles by an average of 24% over competitors.
Texas Rubber Supply is one of the leading suppliers of a variety of industrial hose such as: air, chemical/acid, cleaning, ducting, food service, general purpose, material handling, multipurpose, oilfield drilling and production, petroleum transfer, specialty, steam and water. We also supply industrial hose couplings to help you connect multiple hoses.
Texas Rubber Supply provides you with metal hose that has been fabricated to your specifications by trained professionals. All metal hose assemblies are 100% tested. Available from 1/4" to 12" in various alloys and un-braided, single braided, and doubled braided covers.
From roll sheet goods to custom cut to off-the-shelf metallic spiral wound gaskets, Texas Rubber Supply will stock or custom make up to 60" diameter and thicknesses to 2". Our gasket material list is extensive and includes Teflon, Neoprene, Red Rubber, SBR, EPDM, Buna, Graphite, Viton and much, much more in seal pressures up to 3000 psi and temperatures from cryogenic to 2000 degrees F.
Texas Rubber Supply is an industrial rubber products distributor providing industrial hose, conveyor belting and rubber supplies to the Dallas, Texas area since 1952. Texas Rubber Supply also serves the Permian Basin market through our location in Odessa, Texas. We are a valued member of the Singer Equities Group serving a multitude of industries including food & beverage, construction, transportation, oil & gas and petrochemical.
Texas Rubber Supply has joined the Singer Equities family of industrial distributors. Singer Equities is a group of value-added distributors in the industrial rubber products industry. We have 39 locations in the U.S. that serve a diverse market portfolio including petrochemical, oil/gas, food & beverage, OE equipment, marine, MRO, construction, rental supply.


. Demirdžić I, Perić M. Finite volume method for prediction of fluid flow in arbitrarily shaped domains with moving boundaries[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1990, 10(7): 771-790.
. Ferziger J.H., Perić M. Computational methods for fluid dynamics[M]. Springer Science & Business Media, 2002.


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Home SharperIron Forums Principles & Consequences Front page article archive
Front page article archive
Rev. Jeremiah Wright said Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas worships "some other God" outside of "Allah and Yahweh" (who are the "same" he says)
By sifilings 10 years 9 months ago
"In a sport whose last superstar famously flamed out amidst accusations of serial infidelity, Watson is a devoted Christian and family man"
Suiting up in our "Sunday best" is out. What should we make of this shift in worship attire?
"He said, 'I am the way, I am the truth, and I am the life.' I'm betting my life that Jesus wasn't a liar."
By SharperIron 10 years 9 months ago
1 By Aaron Blumer 10 years 9 months ago
"Is Jesus saying 'I have been forsaken by God'? No. He's declaring, 'Psalm 22! Pay attention! This psalm... applies to me!'"
By SharperIron 10 years 10 months ago
20 By JohnBrian 10 years 9 months ago
For a new generation of Internet-savvy Pentecostals, a century-old practice provides 'anointing'
Thomas Kinkade dies at 54; artist was called the 'Painter of Light'
Five Ways to Harm Your Husband by Being a "Good" Wife
By handerson 10 years 10 months ago
7 By Marcia W. 10 years 9 months ago
"With the exception of the Sunday worship day, Baptist tradition before the late 19th century largely rejected or ignored 'special days.'"
Book Review - Invitation to Biblical Interpretation
By Bob Hayton 10 years 10 months ago
3 By Bob Hayton 10 years 9 months ago
Chuck Colson suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage - hospitalized in critical condition
"Christians face the temptation to moralize our opinions. When we start elevating certain things as more godly than others, we turn into Pharisees"
By sifilings 10 years 10 months ago
6 By Jim 10 years 9 months ago
"...no president appears to have publicly characterized the court as political activists before, especially not before a decision has been rendered."
1 By Shaynus 10 years 10 months ago
"[W]e cannot agree with Wycliffe/SIL's stated and publicized position."
2 By Jim 10 years 10 months ago
The Rapture of the Church, Part 10
By John C. Whitcomb 10 years 9 months ago
T-shirt company owner: "No business owner should be forced to violate his conscience simply because someone demands it"
4 By Susan R 10 years 10 months ago
"What if churches in the States had a specific strategy to send non-American missionaries from other countries to other countries?"
Gunman kills 7 at a small Christian university in Oakland, Calif.
"[I]t is the publication of new English versions based on those Greek New Testaments, rather than the TR, that accounts for the continued existence and growth of the KJV-only movement"
What to Do on the Day After ObamaCare
Atheists, Agnostics Hold Festival for First Time on Military Base
1 By Jay 10 years 10 months ago
"Unlike Ayn Rand, who contends selfishness is a virtue, Christians condemn such selfishness, but acknowledge it as a reality which must controlled, and channeled not desired."
"The Hunger Games": Do dystopian stories affect our youth's view of the future?
By filingspost 10 years 10 months ago
15 By Chip Van Emmerik 10 years 10 months ago
Mother faces contempt-of-court charges and possible jail time for baptizing her two children without the knowledge or consent of her ex-husband
8 By Alex Guggenheim 10 years 10 months ago
Anchorage Baptist Temple Plans to Build 230-Foot-Tall Cross
3 By Paul J 10 years 10 months ago


This journey has been a fantastic opportunity to share ideas with some of the nation's brightest minds. Over the past month I've been able to connect with others in open dialogue regarding my program, Spurring Growth through Community Investments. The feedback has been rich in functionality, purpose, and opportunity. Honored by many of the responses I've had, I also wanted to share what this is all about. I feel this time frame in which we are in nationally is very apropos for this competition. We are living in elections times, and I find that people are reinvesting in a call to take action. In this video I address one of the factors that's beyond the numbers, events, volunteers, or volunteer hours. I've shared the growth components in prior blogs, and videos including how we came about those successes. But now I want to focus on the community investments part of the program. This video separates the strategic growth approach to why behind choosing community as a vessel for investments. Thank you for viewing as I discuss the value of its worth.


2017 will prove to be as difficult to predict as 2016. Extreme events will materialise – like Brexit, the Pravin Gordhan affair and the Trump presidential victory – which will shock the markets. We need to keep an eye on how the Trump policy materialises and the effect of Brexit and the European elections on the markets during this year. In this time of uncertainty portfolio diversification will be critical, as it is impossible to position a portfolio for events that cannot be foreseen.
On the positive side, global growth indicators are improving. Global Purchasing Managers Indices (PMI's) are pointing to more expansion, we are seeing some inflation pickup in developed markets (DM), commodity prices have stabilised with some improvement and emerging market (EM) currency volatility is coming down with some strength in selected currencies.
The most important catalyst over 2017 will be the development and implementation of policy in the US.The main issues will be tax reforms, infrastructure spending and potential re-negotiation of trade agreements.
Tax reforms can be developed and implemented fairly quickly towards the second half of 2017.
The market is less optimistic on infrastructure spending. Policy legislation and implementation will take a long time, especially given that implementation will be on state and municipal level.
Since the US election market expectations have been high, strengthening the US dollar and driving US long bonds higher, as inflation expectations created some panic. The positive is that US long bond yields started normalising. However, if Trump disappoints, which is expected by many, markets will react violently.
We should see the US short-term interest rates increasing over the next year or two as inflation creeps above 2% and growth improves some more. This will be a positive for commodities but the growth will attract capital in a shrinking dollar pool, leading to a stronger dollar. The importance for South Africa is how commodity prices evolve.
EM growth looks promising, Brazil and Russia seem to have turned a corner which is expected to attract attention. Commodity exporters will start to feature as the effect of improving commodity prices starts to manifest in their economies.
This brings us to South Africa. We are getting so used to looking for bad news that we miss the green shoots popping up in the economy. The improved and more stable level of the rand, good summer rains and improving commodity prices will be the catalyst for improved (albeit still subdued) growth. We expect the profitability of resource companies to rise and corporate tax payments to start improving in this sector, which will support government finances and thus domestic bonds and the rand. If we can add political stability, ignoring the noise, to the scenario – we might be able to dodge junk status this year.
The commodity markets are driven by supply and demand factors over the long-term and growth expectations add emotion in the short-term, causing volatility. There are very specific supply and demand dynamics on individual base metals. Iron ore will have an oversupply over the medium-term. However, prices have spiked from late 2016, driven by higher steel prices and a shortage of high quality ore following the crackdown on induction furnaces in China. Induction furnaces are generally used to process scrap steel. Port stock levels are extremely high but the quality is rumoured to be low. The market expects iron ore prices to range between $55 and $60 over the next year.
The expectations for copper by the median consensus is also fairly stable around $5 300 to $ 5 547 per ton over the next year. New supply is not as ample as iron ore placing some risk to the upside.
Gold and platinum are expected to strengthen somewhat over the year. Gold will be constrained by a potential stronger US dollar but supported by global event risk. Platinum will be supported by growth potential that can materialised by high auto and jewellery sales. Our base metal model sees the Bloomberg Base Metal Index down 4.2% by year end, we do see the risk on the upside. The Bloomberg Precious Metal Index is expected to appreciate by 7.8% by year end. We reduced our precious metal position to hold and retain base metals at hold.
Earnings expectations have strengthened substantially across all regions, see the graph below. This is aggressively pushing the forward PE's down, making the markets appear cheap. However, expectations seem to be a bit optimistic driven by the hype around the Trump policy so one should be cautious accepting the level of forward PE as fact. The market is slowly moving into risky assets as growth improves and inflation expectations pickup.
Looking at the graph below, the majority of the regions have both the economic PE as well as the historical PE at above average levels. This should highlight the risk in the expected earnings growth in the market noting that the forward PE's are generally below average.
The table below shows the expected returns, given a mean revision of the market rating and using the optimistic consensus earnings. However there is risk in the returns realising, as well as geo-political risks.
We further consider our multi-factor fundamental model. The model compares and scores the historic PE, price to book, operating margin and ROE per region relative to long-term means. The model helps to control rating risk and quality of earnings growth expected. EM stands out as the top pick, this forces one to review the expected earnings growth especially in Asia ex Japan and the optimistic growth expected in Japan.
Given the modelling above and evaluating qualitative issues and recent market performance, we decided to shift South Africa to hold from underperform. Our preference would be cyclical counters as we expect interest rate cuts in the second half of this year, as well as the positive impact of a more stable currency and improved commodity prices. Our macro top down South Africa model supports the more positive view. We also move European equities to hold as growth improves and the weak Euro assists export potential. We take Japan to neutral from buy.
The higher levels of inflation in developed markets improved growth expectations, which triggered a correction in long bond yield in these markets. The US 10 year bond moved from a low of 1.36% in August 2016 to nearly 2.5% currently. German 10 year bonds jumped from a low of -0.15% to 0.42% currently. Expectations of growth improvement due to Trump policy changes caused these moves. We expect more weakness and high volatility in the US 10 year bond as it drags other long bonds with it, especially European developed markets bonds. We will stay cautious retaining our underperform position in all DM bonds and the sell position in DM cash.
One should not get too complacent on South Africa, even though we have seen reasonable political stability after the Nenegate debacle. The medium-term budget presented by Pravin Gordhan in October 2016, and stronger commodity prices, calmed rating agencies and investors. This resulted in a decrease inrand volatilityand entrenched stability in the bond market and allowed the country risk premium embedded in the bonds and credit default swaps to contract. We are retaining our hold on domestic bonds andwill consider moving to buy once we see some evidence of improved tax collections, improved inflation expectations and a stabilisation of the US 10 year long bond. South African cash is yielding positive real returns, thus we are maintaining our buy position.
Manufacturing production surprised the market by expanding 1.9% YoY in November, up from the 2.7% contraction in October.
Mining production contracted 4.2% YoY in November, down from 2.9% YoY contraction in October. The contraction was broad based.
Retail sales were up 3.8% YoY in November, delivering a very strong 3.5% MoM supported by Black Friday promotions. General dealers were the star performers. We expect retail sales to stay fairly subdued, due to little potential for improvement in consumer disposable income.
Offshore investors sold R5.9 bn in bonds and R2.9 bn in equity in December. Year to date offshore investors bought R28.5 bn in bonds and sold R127.9 bn in equities, resulting in a net outflow of R99.4 bn.
Inflation for December jumped to a surprising 6.8% YoY, the market only expected 6.5%. Food, rental, furnishings, stationery, and package holidays drove CPI up. We expect CPI to retrace over the first quarter of 2017.


Weleda MEN 24h Roll-On Deodorant is very straightforward: 24h reliable protection, no aluminium salts, no blocking of pores, natural functions are maintained.
The easy to use roll-on has a masculine yet refined scent. Woody herbal notes of rosemary combined with invigorating freshness of litsea cubeba and vetiver essential oils, makes this deodorant a good choice for him.
Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Alcohol, Triethyl Citrate, Glycerin, Fragrance (Parfum)*, Sodium Caproyl/Lauroyl Lactylate, Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Distillate, Acacia Senegal Gum, Xanthan Gum, Citric Acid, Phytic Acid, Limonene*, Linalool*, Citronellol*, Benzyl Benzoate*, Benzyl Salicylate*, Geraniol*, Citral*, Coumarin*, Farnesol*.


Nurses are most likely to undertake a range of leadership roles in their day to day routine. Naturally, some adopt a leadership style that is effective, while others find the aspect of leadership difficult. In delivering a high quality healthcare, effective leadership is important. This involves ensuring the safety of patients and facilitating positive development of the healthcare staff. Effective leadership is essential to navigating the obstacles facing the healthcare system in the 21st century. The healthcare industry is suffering from a leadership gap that can be closed only by identifying and nurturing executives with the greatest potential to become strong, effective leaders.
Leadership can be described as a comprehensive process of "identifying a goal or target, motivating other people to act, and providing support and motivation to achieve mutually negotiated goals" (Porter-O'Grady, 2003). In the day to day activities of a nurse this could mean the process of organizing the day and the night shifts, the support staff and the team of nurses. An effective operation of the shifts, management of challenging or difficult situations and staff morale, to a great extent depends on the leadership skills of the senior nurse. It is essential to acknowledge that leadership responsibilities to a great extent vary from functions of management. In the book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey (1999), Peter Drucker states that "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things. Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership is about determining whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall" (Covey, 1999). This means that management is all about tasks, whereas leadership is all about judgment, perception, philosophy and skill. From this we can learn that it is difficult to be an effective leader than to be an effective manager.
An effective leader has various characteristics which comprise of being visionary, being a strategist and a planner whose desire is to direct services and teams towards achievement of future goals (Covey, 1999). Effective leaders need to employ problem solving processes, come up with group identification and uphold group effectiveness. Effective leaders should also be dynamic, have motivational influence on others, be passionate, seek to inspire others and be solution-focused. Senior nurses must employ these characteristics in their dealings so as to win the respect of their team members for the development of clinical practice. By upholding effective leadership styles, senior nurses get to be in powerful positions to influence the doing well of other members of staff, making sure that there is maintenance of professional standards and enhancing the development of competent practitioners.
Leaders who happen to be the driving forces win admiration and are regarded as a source for inspiration and role models for potential nurse leaders. Senior nurses leadership responsibilities include the following: making decisions; delegating appropriately; acting with integrity; and resolving conflicts. Their responsibilities also comprise of developing others and to be aware of how other team members feel by being psychologically in tune with team. These and other functions are the key elements that are necessary for connecting leadership with successful development of other members of the team. This is to a great extent achieved by working together them in a coaching and mentoring role. An effective leader endeavors to develop other staff by their leadership. The one-to-one managerial relationship is the most significant element in clinical order. "Mentorship facilitates learning opportunities, helping to supervise and assess staff in the practice setting. Terminology frequently used to describe a mentor includes: teacher; supporter; coach; facilitator; assessor; role model; and supervisor" (Hughes, 2004). There is great need for management instructions to always have clear support of leadership and supervision. Staff should first be shown how to undertake a task and then be guided through completing the task.
An organizational culture founded on continuous learning by way of support and best-practice methods empowers and motivates staff. Self-motivated clinical leaders and accommodating clinical environments are necessary in the progress and accomplishment of best practice models. Various key factors that have been described as effective in developing transformational healthcare leaders comprise of: "provision and access to effective role models; provision of career pathways; mechanisms for clinical and mentoring supervision; intentional succession planning; organizations that hold with significance clinical competence; and promotion of centers of excellence" (Bass, 1985).
There are various models of leadership that are useful to senior nurses and that can help them in leading their teams. The two most common leadership models are transformational and transactional models (Bass, 1985). The impact of transactional leadership can be experienced for a short time and it is intermittent and task based. In this model, the transactional leader only intervenes with a negative response whenever a thing goes wrong. This form of leadership could only be effective in a case where there is a particular short-term project that is directed or a piece of work that has to be finished.
In a healthcare ward, it is more advantageous to make out a model of leadership that punts forward longevity in the rapport between senior nurses and their junior colleagues. The transformational model is a complicated leadership model but it has effects that are positive on teambuilding and on communication than the transactional model. Transformational leadership entails the shaping and altering the values and goals of other team members so as to achieve a common goal to the advantage of the nursing profession and the healthcare organization. According to Bass (1985), transformational leadership dynamics were more greatly correlated with apparent group efficiency and job contentment, and "contributed more to individual performance and motivation, than transactional leaders" (Bass,1985).
Another proposal of a different model is by Adair (2002). This model entails a there circle strategic leadership with the circles representing the needs of the task, the person and the team respectively. Adair argues that expertise or knowledge alone is not sufficient to lead although it is important for an effective leadership. It is important that leaders are privy to both group and individual needs, and should match them to be in line with the common goals of an organization. In the model, each of the there needs interact with other needs and therefore one must be seen in relation to the other two (Adair, 2003). This can be described as a democratic form of leadership where opinions of various stakeholders who carry out various tasks are put into consideration. Individuals and teams are part and parcel of the decision-making process that concerns their work. The importance of individuals, their acquaintance, experience and skills is essential to this model.
The models of leadership are an important tool for the senior nurses. The models help them in their leadership roles to bring their functions of leadership activities into perspective. However, the senior nurses should not concern themselves with employing concepts from various leadership models and coming up with an eclectic approach. The models should be employed as a framework which is the foundation of an effective style of leadership which suits the individual person in charge and those whom they lead.


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Pula ist eine italienische Gemeinde in der Metropolitanstadt Cagliari auf Sardinien mit einer Fläche von 138,79 km² und  (Stand: )  Einwohnern.

Pula liegt 38 km von der Hauptstadt Cagliari entfernt. Seine Nachbargemeinden sind Domus de Maria, Santadi (CI), Sarroch, Teulada und Villa San Pietro.

Der Ort ist aus der römischen Hafenstadt Nora in der gleichnamigen Bucht entstanden, von der heute noch archäologische Überreste zu sehen sind, darunter ein Amphitheater. Pulas Markenzeichen sind seine verwinkelten Gassenzüge und alten Patrizierhäuser.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort auf Sardinien

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: YCSB - Difference between recordcount, operationcount and insertcount parametres Please, what is the difference between recordcount, operationcount and insertcount parametres.
Thanks in advance.

A: As per this github issue:

*

*recordcount: how many records YCSB assumes are present or will be present in the backing data store

*operationcount: how many workload operations YCSB should perform (scan / read / whatever according to the % breakdown in the workload)

*insertcount: how many records a particular YCSB client ought to insert during a load phase.


text:
Q: Reading stream from AWS S3 involves loading entire file The short version of my scenario is that I am reading a file stored in Amazon's S3 with the .NET SDK...
GetObjectRequest request = new GetObjectRequest
{
    BucketName = this.m_bucketName,
    Key = GetFileKey(fileIdentifier),
};

IAmazonS3 source = ...
GetObjectResponse response = await source.GetObjectAsync(request);
return response.ResponseStream;

I then pass this stream through to MVC as a File result
public async Task<FileResult> Download(...)
{
   return File(GetAwsStream(...), ...);
}

The problem is, apparently S3 is eagerly calculating a checksum of the entire file before returning anything.  For large files, this is a significant issue because

*

*the web server must download the entire file from AWS S3 before a single byte can start streaming to the client; for large files, it can take minutes before the web server responds to the client

*it uses a ton of memory on the web server to read the entire stream and calculate the checksum

This entirely defeats the point of a stream.  Is there any way to get an actual "stream" from S3?

A: You can use the HTTP Range header to, in a loop, download specific bytes of an S3 object and then pass those bytes to the client once they are downloaded. That way the web server won't have to wait until the full file has been retrieved to give the client something.


Garland has approved a deal that will result in the development of a $25 million North Garland Medical Center at 7217 Telecom Parkway. This state-of-the-art medical facility will realize 95,000 square feet of healthcare space in a new 3-story building near the intersection of Lookout Drive and Telecom Parkway.
"We are excited to launch this relationship with the City of Garland. When we started looking for potential project sites, Garland clearly stood out. There is a lot of new development happening in the area and we capitalized on the opportunity," said Daryn Eudaly, New Era's Founder and CEO.
Multiple doctors from the existing Family Medical Center, 5345 North President George Bush Turnpike, and a significant number of new physicians and healthcare providers will soon office and operate at the new medical facility when it opens next year. Tenants in the new North Garland Medical Center will include: Family Medical Center Garland, Touchstone Imaging, Legacy Heart, Signature Medicine and several others. Further, medical specialties offered at the site will include radiology, gastrology, obstetrics, gynecology, cardiology and family practice.
Expected to be fully operational in July 2018, the North Garland Medical Center will capture heightened development visibility and provide easy access from the President George Bush Turnpike. Residentially, construction has also begun on 112 new single family homes and over 3,100 multi-family units in this exciting development corridor and nearly 2 million square feet of data center space is currently underway nearby.
"Development interest and activity in the President George Bush Turnpike Corridor is extremely dynamic right now and we couldn't be more excited to assist developers in making their projects happen" said David Gwin, Garland's Director of Economic Development.
New Era Partners was formed in 2000 with a vision to create surgery centers that are co-owned by physicians and professional management teams. New Era Medical is one of five (5) major divisions of the firm and it has successfully developed healthcare facilities in both Texas and California.
In addition to the Garland development, New Era Medical currently has plans to construct 175,000 square feet of medical space in Flower Mound and completed a 2-story Baylor Scott & White Medical Center in Waxahachie in 2014.


text:
Subject: How to Profitably Invest in Gold Mining Stocks with This Winner
URL: https://mney.co/2CYbIEy
Stocks: GDX, GG, HUISH, TIG
How to Profitably Invest in Gold Mining Stocks with This Winner
By Money Morning News Team, Money Morning • January 5, 2018
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Gold is back on everyone's list as a must-have investment this year, and one of the best ways to profit from rising gold prices is to invest in gold mining stocks.
Gold prices are up 6.3% since hitting a five-month low on Dec. 12. And this gold price rally is only just beginning.
Money Morning Resource Specialist Peter Krauth predicts we are entering a gold bull market that could last until 2020, at least.
While investors can always invest in gold by owning physical gold or gold-backed exchange-traded funds (ETFs), buying the right gold mining stocks can be an even more lucrative way to profit from the rising price of gold.
Gold miners become more profitable when gold prices rise, and well-managed companies with fertile mines can see their share prices rise much faster than gold.
Free Book: The secrets in this book helped one Money Morning reader make a $185,253 profit in just eight days. Claim your free copy...
Since gold prices began to rally on Dec. 12, the price of gold is up 6.6%. But the Van Eck Gold Miners ETF (NYSE Arca: GDX) is up 11.3% in the same time. And since GDX tracks the entire gold miners index, it's weighed down by poorly run or unprofitable companies.
That's why we're going to show you one of the best gold mining stocks to buy in 2018.
But first, here's why the gold price rally is just getting started...
Why the Price of Gold Will Soar in 2018
Since gold hit its recent low of $1,045.40 in 2015, the precious metal has been on a bullish trend, with a 19.1% uptick in value.
In fact, right now could be just the beginning of gold's price rally.
Krauth sees the current bull market as something similar to the 1970's, where gold prices soared 700% before peaking in 1980. If the current gold bull market is anything like the one in the 1970s, then investing in gold in 2018 could be a very profitable decision for investors.
Investing in gold can be so profitable, because gold is more than just a shiny object that we pull from the ground.
The precious metal is used to both store wealth and is a component in manufacturing everything from jewelry to electronics. Those factors help push up demand for gold, which boosts its price.
But it's gold's use as a store of wealth and a hedge against uncertainty that's going to help boost its price in 2018.
There are three reasons we're expecting demand for gold to surge.
First, the value of the U.S. dollar is falling.
The U.S. Dollar Index (DXY) is steadily declining. Between January 2017 and January 2018, the DXY is down nearly 10%.
As the dollar weakens, gold becomes more valuable.
Don't Miss: 10 Reasons Why Gold Could Hit $3,000 an Ounce
Second, investors are starting to flock toward gold.
Another bullish indicator for gold prices in 2018 is investor trends. And right now, investors are moving into long gold positions.
Check out the Gold Bugs Short Index (NYSE Arca: HUISH). This index tracks the short positions taken on gold investments. Right now, HUISH is down 11.25% since this time last year, which means investors are pulling out of short positions on gold stocks.
That's a sign people who are putting money in the game expect gold prices to keep rising.
Third, turmoil across the world is raising uncertainty.
The threat of war with North Korea, the collapse of Venezuela, or even the potential for a stock market correction this year are all catalysts for gold prices.
If any event threatens stability or causes investors to worry about the future, gold's value goes up. Because gold is seen as a hedge against destabilizing events, investors buy up gold positions when uncertainty rises.
And 2018 will be no different...
That's why Krauth believes that we will see gold prices reach $1,400 in the first half of the year, which is about 12% above the current price. However, by the end of 2018, he predicts that gold will hit as high as $1,500, which is 18% above our current level.
These coming gains in gold prices make now the perfect time to invest in the right gold mining stocks, which Krauth believes are undervalued relative to the price of gold...
Invest in Gold Mining Stocks with Our Top Pick
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January 19, 2023 • By Money Morning Stock Research Team
These Stocks Could Go To $0
January 9, 2023 • By Money Morning Stock Research Team
The Government Is Pouring $391 Billion Into These Stocks - Buy Now
December 27, 2022 • By Money Morning Staff Reports
6 IPOs in 2023 You Can't Afford to Miss


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A Critical Analysis of the International Response to COVID-19: Reflections from Colombia
October 29, 2020 by Hayley Evans, J.D. 2019
In the face of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, questions of resource allocation, information access, aseptisation, and biopolitics that were once reserved for the poor and remote are made plausible realities for the Western, postmodern city-dweller. In response, spheres of society have put forth various monodisciplinary "solutions" to stem the spread of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis, though none built through dialogue with another. Influencing many of these responses are the international law frameworks of security and militarization and the Security Council's contentious construction of crisis. The Silicon Valley tech community endeavors to build a scalable, configurable phone app that can allow for contact tracing on a global scale—overcoming issues of interoperability, data security, and data storage. The Geneva human rights community's focus is ensuring states' emergency legislation adhere to principles of legality, necessity and proportionality, and non-discrimination, and that such measures are time-bound. And the populist business community wants quarantine measures to end so that economies can rebuild. Despite this parade of solutions, the coronavirus problem is not being "solved" for everyone.
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a disproportionate impact on marginalized communities: in terms of mortality, systemic disadvantage, structural violence, and economic suffering. A contact tracing app will not track community transmission in communities without digital connectivity or smartphones; legislation with a sunset clause does not protect those who are being killed due to enforcement of curfews; business closures do not protect those operating in the informal work sector; and a vaccine does not protect those who lack access to healthcare or simply cannot afford or access it. Some might argue that the fact that those at the margins are forgotten or neglected, as a starting point, is symptomatic of a lack of a coordinated global response in terms of law and assistance. Scholars have spoken about design and implementation flaws with the International Health Regulations (the "sole binding legal instrument dedicated to the prevention and control of the international spread of disease"); the lack of a Human Rights Committee General Comment on public health emergencies; the delayed response by the World Health Organization; and the belated Security Council Resolution.
With these concerns in mind, I have conducted research over the past six months regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, its response, and the affiliated economic crisis on marginalized communities in the comparative case studies of Colombia, Nigeria, and the United Kingdom. My research is ongoing, and will inform a broader academic research project in which I take a critical approach to international law in analyzing the global COVID-19 response. My analysis is based on extensive primary research conducted with diverse actors and organizations on the ground in Colombia, Nigeria, and the United Kingdom, as well as secondary research gathered through periodicals, webinars, an online course in contact tracing, and membership in the Human Rights Working Group of the Global Pandemic Network. This post will be confined to specific findings from my Colombian research on migrants and refugees, as well as potential action items for the Harvard community.
COVID-19 in Colombia: A Migrant's Perspective
The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly exacerbated the pre-existing migrant crisis in Colombia. Since 2015, approximately five million refugees and migrants have left Venezuela due to the ongoing humanitarian crisis, marking the largest mass emigration in the region's history. In Colombia, the Venezuelan migrant population rose from a mere 39,000 in 2015 to a whopping 1.82 million in March 2020. And these figures do not even begin to account for the migrants who merely transit the porous border between the two countries: in 2019 alone, nearly 500,000 migrants and refugees transited from Venezuela through Colombia to other countries, and 3.4 million people regularly commute between the two countries to obtain access to basic services.
In line with commitments made in the 2018 Quito Declaration, in January 2020, Migration Colombia announced the creation of two new Special Stay Permits (Permiso Especial de Permanencia) that seek to regularize the status of Venezuelan migrants by allowing them to stay and work in the country. Despite these positive steps toward regularized stay, many Venezuelan migrants still have an irregular status, due to a plethora of material and legal barriers. This irregular status, and the accompanying lack of documentation, effectively prevents these migrants from accessing government services. With a geopolitical landscape that is anything but welcoming to Venezuelan migrants, and the seven official entry points between the two states closed, the COVID-19 pandemic has made their situation that much worse.
With many migrants already finding themselves in precarious financial situations pre-pandemic, several of their challenges during the pandemic have been economic in nature. Migrants are facing exacerbated challenges of hunger, access to healthcare, and more, as they struggle to secure identity documents and are left without sources of income. And the exercise of these social, cultural, civil, and political rights is not any better at home in Venezuela.
In Colombia, the World Food Programme has forecasted food insecurity to sharply increase from the 3.3 million pre-pandemic figures, with over 300,000 additional migrants in need of emergency support. This grave food insecurity is only worsened as those who typically work in the informal work sector and small businesses are unable to do so during quarantine. Despite government guidelines for preventing, detecting, and treating COVID-19 cases among the migrant population, an action plan to include Venezuelan migrants in the pandemic response, and guarantees that migrants will have equal access to COVID-19-related healthcare, the health rights of migrants writ large have not been adequately recognized nor effectuated in the pandemic context. While pre-pandemic, migrants in Colombia were by law guaranteed access to emergency health services, the Constitutional Court has continuously limited the right to health of those with an irregular immigration status. On paper, undocumented migrants have equal access rights, but logistical, administrative, and monetary barriers prevent them from obtaining such access.
In addition, paramilitary forces operate with impunity on the Venezuelan-Colombian border. As a result, migrants are subjected to recruitment and extreme enforcement of quarantine measures. Without use of the official entry points, migrants are forced to use more dangerous, informal border crossings (trochas). These crossings are controlled by gangs and trafficking networks who not only charge a hefty fee to pass, but also will often commit sexual violence against female travelers. Human trafficking groups look for vulnerable minors to sell into prostitution. In addition, armed groups take advantage of the precariousness of the migrants' situations through offering food, shelter, and approximately $300 USD per month—more than 30 times Venezuelan minimum wage. Although the U.S. military deployed troops to the border region in June to combat drug trafficking and related crime, this militarization might actually increase risks for vulnerable migrants.
Finally, Venezuelan migrants have suffered a great deal of xenophobia. Some Colombians have protested perceived special assistance to Venezuelans during the pandemic and blamed Venezuelans for the spread of COVID-19 in the border areas—and frictions coarsen any time a Venezuelan is seen to not comply with a quarantine restriction. Xenophobic discourse permeates conversations between neighbors, colleagues, and friends. Augmenting this discourse is social media and misinformation. In response to a false complaint of Venezuelan migrants attempting to forcibly enter a Villa del Rosario building, pre-quarantine, the mayor militarized the city. And confrontations between the Colombian state and Venezuelan migrants are often followed by spikes in related xenophobic remarks on social media. After a violent confrontation between Colombian traffic police and Venezuelan migrants at the end of July, one Twitter user reportedly asked, in a survey, "¿Los policías que le dispararon a los venecos son sus heroes? Porque son los míos."—roughly, "Are the police who shot the Venezuelan men your heroes? Because they are mine." 1,100 Twitter users responded in the affirmative. Despite public statements and international efforts to combat xenophobia, the mentality is on the rise.
Unfortunately, many Venezuelan migrants are caught between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand, they might seek refuge in a Colombia where their most basic human needs are unable to be met—and they are susceptible to recruitment and xenophobic treatment. On the other hand, they might turn to a Venezuela where a repressive government leads a violent humanitarian crisis, views returnees as "biological weapons," and remains unable to treat all those affected by COVID-19. More than 95,000 Venezuelan migrants have returned during the pandemic, despite mobility restrictions and border closures. And traversing the closed humanitarian corridor between these two options is a dangerous journey.
Although this post has focused predominantly on migrant and refugee populations in Colombia, marginalized communities are being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 all over the world. And migrant and refugee populations are being affected right at home, in the U.S. But what can we do? While my broader academic project tackles the one-size-fits-all international approach to pandemics on a macro level, offering ideas about a novel approach to global health emergencies, there are simple action items that willing and able Harvard community members can take to help out in their own neighborhoods.
In Colombia:
Raise awareness and offer assistance.
Elevate the voices of some of the great Colombian organizations doing work to help combat hunger, xenophobia, recruitment, and more in the midst of the COVID-19 crisis. Some organizations might also have need for pro bono assistance.
Caminantes Tricolor contributes humanitarian aid to Venezuelan migrants, including through working to guarantee access to healthcare, education, and work.
Dejusticia promotes social justice and human rights in Colombia and the Global South through producing rigorous studies and fact-based policy proposals; carrying out effective advocacy campaigns or litigating in the most impactful forums; and designing and delivering education and capacity-building programs. Dejusticia has published policy briefings regarding the human rights impact of COVID-19 in Colombia.
Fundación Karisma seeks to respond to the threats and opportunities that technological advances pose to the exercise of human rights. In the context of COVID-19, Karisma has focused significantly on contact tracing apps.
Fundación Lüvo seeks to evaluate actions in community, academic and business spheres, aiming to propose new pedagogical perspectives and feminist and anti-racist policies. Fundación Lüvo has published a number of decolonial and feminist policy briefs regarding the effect of the pandemic in Colombia.
Organización Internactional para las Migraciones, the IOM mission in Colombia, works to provide technical assistance to the Colombian government in implementing projects that support all types of migrant populations in Colombia.
Somos Panas Colombia, a campaign of the UN Refugee Agency, works against xenophobia and inspires solidarity with the Venezuelan migrant and refugee populations in Colombia.
Help support migrants, the undocumented, and domestic workers.
Donate to relief funds for the undocumented; support domestic workers with paid time off, insurance, and emergency assistance during the pandemic.
Alia supports domestic workers (house cleaners, nannies, and care givers) by facilitating client contributions to benefit funds for paid time off, accident insurance, and life insurance.
For Greater Boston specific donations, the Boston Foundation COVID-19 Response Fund has collated its list of grantees here.
The Coronavirus Care Fund (CCF) provides emergency assistance to qualifying home care workers, nannies, and house cleaners experiencing financial hardship during the pandemic.
Grantmakers Concerned with Immigrants and Refugees (GCIR) has compiled a list of COVID-19 immigrant response funds that can be found here.
Help reduce food insecurity.
Donate to your local food bank; assist the less mobile or particularly vulnerable in the procurement of groceries; assist your local food bank.
Feeding America has a resource for locating the food banks in its network nearest you; see here. It also has a resource for locating local volunteering opportunities at food banks; see here.
COVID Mutual Aid U.S.A. is a volunteer collective that supports community mutual aid collectives. Find your local mutual aid group through its mutual aid map found here.
Donate blood and/or plasma.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges to the U.S. blood supply, and convalescent plasma is currently being investigated to treat COVID-19. The FDA encourages those who are healthy and interested to donate blood during this time. If you are eligible to donate blood and have recovered from COVID-19, you are encouraged to donate plasma.
To learn more about donating convalescent plasma, see here.
For additional resources, and to find the site for blood or plasma donation nearest you, see the following:
AABB (blood bank information; plasma-specific information)
America's Blood Centers
American Red Cross (blood bank information; plasma-specific information)
Armed Services Blood Program
Blood Centers of America
CoVIg-19 Plasma Alliance (plasma-specific information)
National COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Project (plasma-specific information)
Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association (plasma-specific information)
The Fight Is In Us (plasma-specific information)
Join your local Medical Reserve Corps.
Assist with community outreach, patient testing and monitoring, contact tracing, hospital support, construction of PPE, and more—even without a healthcare background.
The Medical Reserve Corps is a nationwide network of locally-organized volunteers—both medical and non-medical—who help with emergency response when state and local authorities are at capacity. Look into local volunteering opportunities here.
Support mental health.
Mental health is just as important as physical health. Understandably, COVID-19 is a time of great stress for us all. Support those struggling with mental health through volunteering as a crisis counselor.
Crisis Text Line provides free, 24/7 support for those in crisis, and trains volunteers to help provide such support. For more information about volunteering as a crisis counselor, see here.
Mental Health America (MHA) works to address the needs of those living with mental illness and to promote the mental health of everyone. For your local MHA affiliate, see here.
Together, we can help mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the most marginalized among us. To achieve a more equitable world, in which the weakest are treated as important as the strong—in line with fundamental principles of international human rights law, medical ethics, and bioethics—we must make a few integral changes to the ethnocentric status quo. These are some simple ways to make a start.


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Is PG&E Corporation (PCG) A Good Stock To Buy?
Abigail Fisher
March 26, 2020, 1:20 PM ·6 min read
We hate to say this but, we told you so. On February 27th we published an article with the title Recession is Imminent: We Need A Travel Ban NOW and predicted a US recession when the S&P 500 Index was trading at the 3150 level. We also told you to short the market and buy long-term Treasury bonds. Our article also called for a total international travel ban. While we were warning you, President Trump minimized the threat and failed to act promptly. As a result of his inaction, we will now experience a deeper recession (see why hell is coming).
In these volatile markets we scrutinize hedge fund filings to get a reading on which direction each stock might be going. A whopping number of 13F filings filed with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has been processed by Insider Monkey so that individual investors can look at the overall hedge fund sentiment towards the stocks included in their watchlists. These freshly-submitted public filings disclose money managers' equity positions as of the end of the three-month period that ended December 31, so let's proceed with the discussion of the hedge fund sentiment on PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG).
PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG) investors should pay attention to a decrease in hedge fund sentiment in recent months. Our calculations also showed that PCG isn't among the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds (click for Q4 rankings and see the video at the end of this article for Q3 rankings).
Why do we pay any attention at all to hedge fund sentiment? Our research has shown that a select group of hedge fund holdings outperformed the S&P 500 ETFs by more than 41 percentage points since March 2017 (see the details here). We were also able to identify in advance a select group of hedge fund holdings that'll significantly underperform the market. We have been tracking and sharing the list of these stocks since February 2017 and they lost 35.3% through March 3rd. That's why we believe hedge fund sentiment is an extremely useful indicator that investors should pay attention to.
[caption id="attachment_338491" align="aligncenter" width="399"]
David Abrams
David Abrams of Abrams Capital Management[/caption]
We leave no stone unturned when looking for the next great investment idea. For example we recently identified a stock that trades 25% below the net cash on its balance sheet. We read hedge fund investor letters and listen to stock pitches at hedge fund conferences, and go through short-term trade recommendations like this one. We even check out the recommendations of services with hard to believe track records. Our best call in 2020 was shorting the market when S&P 500 was trading at 3150 after realizing the coronavirus pandemic's significance before most investors. Now we're going to view the new hedge fund action encompassing PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG).
Hedge fund activity in PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG)
At the end of the fourth quarter, a total of 50 of the hedge funds tracked by Insider Monkey were bullish on this stock, a change of -24% from one quarter earlier. The graph below displays the number of hedge funds with bullish position in PCG over the last 18 quarters. With the smart money's positions undergoing their usual ebb and flow, there exists an "upper tier" of notable hedge fund managers who were increasing their stakes considerably (or already accumulated large positions).
The largest stake in PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG) was held by Abrams Capital Management, which reported holding $271.8 million worth of stock at the end of September. It was followed by Anchorage Advisors with a $271.8 million position. Other investors bullish on the company included Silver Point Capital, Pentwater Capital Management, and Baupost Group. In terms of the portfolio weights assigned to each position Knighthead Capital allocated the biggest weight to PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG), around 33.29% of its 13F portfolio. Silver Point Capital is also relatively very bullish on the stock, setting aside 20.54 percent of its 13F equity portfolio to PCG.
Seeing as PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG) has faced a decline in interest from the aggregate hedge fund industry, it's safe to say that there were a few money managers who were dropping their full holdings by the end of the third quarter. Interestingly, Andrew Feldstein and Stephen Siderow's Blue Mountain Capital sold off the biggest position of the "upper crust" of funds monitored by Insider Monkey, valued at about $123.6 million in stock, and John Paulson's Paulson & Co was right behind this move, as the fund dumped about $26.2 million worth. These moves are important to note, as aggregate hedge fund interest was cut by 16 funds by the end of the third quarter.
Let's also examine hedge fund activity in other stocks similar to PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG). We will take a look at Synovus Financial Corp. (NYSE:SNV), Harley-Davidson, Inc. (NYSE:HOG), OneMain Holdings Inc (NYSE:OMF), and Penumbra Inc (NYSE:PEN). This group of stocks' market caps match PCG's market cap.
[table] Ticker, No of HFs with positions, Total Value of HF Positions (x1000), Change in HF Position SNV,35,691562,-4 HOG,19,104510,-2 OMF,39,529947,10 PEN,30,308085,5 Average,30.75,408526,2.25 [/table]
View table here if you experience formatting issues.
As you can see these stocks had an average of 30.75 hedge funds with bullish positions and the average amount invested in these stocks was $409 million. That figure was $2755 million in PCG's case. OneMain Holdings Inc (NYSE:OMF) is the most popular stock in this table. On the other hand Harley-Davidson, Inc. (NYSE:HOG) is the least popular one with only 19 bullish hedge fund positions. Compared to these stocks PG&E Corporation (NYSE:PCG) is more popular among hedge funds. Our calculations showed that top 20 most popular stocks among hedge funds returned 41.3% in 2019 and outperformed the S&P 500 ETF (SPY) by 10.1 percentage points. These stocks lost 17.4% in 2020 through March 25th but still managed to beat the market by 5.5 percentage points. Hedge funds were also right about betting on PCG as the stock returned -14.9% so far in Q1 (through March 25th) and outperformed the market by an even larger margin. Hedge funds were clearly right about piling into this stock relative to other stocks with similar market capitalizations.
5 Most Popular Stocks Among Hedge Funds
Video: Click the image to watch our video about the top 5 most popular hedge fund stocks.
Disclosure: None. This article was originally published at Insider Monkey.
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Historia de la industria leonesa

A pesar de las condiciones favorables de la provincia para el desarrollo industrial por la presencia de abundantes yacimientos energéticos y minerales, la historia del desarrollo industrial leonés es una historia de frustantes intentos de industrialización. Entre estos intentos, podemos destacar como a finales de siglo XVIII, Datoli y Munárriz proyectan una fábrica de armas en el Bierzo, más tarde se intentaría en Sabero, con la construcción del primer alto horno de coque español, que resultaría en fracaso y finalmente el sueño de Lazurtegui, en el primer cuarto del siglo XX de convertir El Bierzo en un emporio siderúrgico aprovechando los yacimientos de hierro del Coto Wagner y los abundantes recursos carboníferos de la comarca.

El fracaso de la industrialización es consecuencia de la dependencia de la provincia del capital foráneo, sobre todo vasco o madrileño, que ha resultado en un expolio de los recursos leoneses, tanto renovables como no renovables sin un retorno adecuado.

Antiguo Régimen (1750-1833)

La economía provincial reposa sobre el trabajo y la explotación de tierras, es decir, se trata de una economía agropecuaria caracterizada por una anticuada estructura de la propiedad y unos escasos rendimientos. El bajo rendimiento agrícola se traduce en una demanda interna escasa, acentuada por un campesinado en gran parte autosuficiente. Esto genera una débil capitalización, donde los beneficios se suelen invertir en bienes suntuarios o en la adquisición de tierras, un comercio exiguo y una raquítica actividad industrial.

Según el Censo Territorial e Industrial de España de 1799, la industria leonesa solo representaba un 6,5% de la producción total neta leonesa, cifrada en 119.867.428 reales, donde la agricultura aporta 74.167.067, la ganadería 37.689.975 y 8.010.382 la industria. El censo también revela la existencia de 2.257 operarios en la industria, lo cual es apenas un 1% del total de la población leonesa, cifrada en 225.582 personas.

El lento desarrollo del siglo XIX (1834-1890)

Si bien el fin de la etapa preindustrial podemos definirlo en 1890, dos hechos de gran relevancia política y económica permiten diferenciar este periodo, a saber, la constitución de un régimen liberal en España y la creación de las provincias, incluyendo a la provincia leonesa. Es también un periodo de gran crecimiento demográfico, ya que la provincia pasa de 257.955 personas en 1842 a 380.637 en 1887, un incremento de alrededor del 50%, que es un 41% en el caso de la capital.

Desde un punto de vista industrial, la etapa, salvo por intentos frustrado de modernización, entre los que destaca la construcción de dos altos hornos en Sabero, se caracteriza por un crecimiento cuantitativo más que cualitativo, destacando el crecimiento del número de ferrerías bercianas. Sin embargo, no podemos obviar que en los años 50 se introducen en Sabero las primeras máquinas de vapor y se producen cambios en la siderurgia (los mencionados altos hornos) y en el sector textil, con la fabricación de mantas y cobertores en el Val de San Lorenzo

A mediados de siglo, la riqueza agropecuaria supone un 86% del total, mientras que la producción relativa a la industria y el comercio apenas supone un 8%. Los escasos recursos financieros, el raquítico desarrollo tecnológico y sobre todo, la deficiente red de carreteras fueron obstáculos insalvables para el deseo de modernización que latía en algunos prohombres leoneses.

Los inicios del proceso industrializador (1890-1940)

Si los cambios en la etapa anterior fueron cuantitativos, en esta etapa serán cualitativos, con cambios que sentarán las bases de la industria moderna de la provincia. Si bien durante los primeros años coexistirán las nuevas industrias con los talleres tradicionales algunas entrarán en decadencia desde los primeros años, como las ferrerías bercianas, las cuales se verán incapaces de competir con las acerías asturianas.

El crecimiento demográfico es una característica de esta época, pasando de 386.023 habitantes al iniciar la etapa a 493.258 en 1940. El nivel de vida del campesinado sin embargo se mantendrá muy bajo, razón por la cual los Amigos del País promoverán la creación en 1900 de la Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de León para mejorar las condiciones de vida del campesinado.

El desarrollo económico hará que a las industrias tradicionales leonesas (lienzos, curtidos, harinas, alfarerías o chocolates) se unan nuevas fábricas de gaseosas, aguas medicinales, cal, yeso y fábricas de luz. Las nuevas industrias surgirán por toda la provincia, pero se concentrarán más en torno a la capital, Ponferrada y Benavides de Órbigo. Para este incipiente desarrollo industrial, así como para el inicio de las actividades mineras, sería clave la modernización de las infraestructuras de transporte, con la construcción de nuevas carreteras y la llegada del ferrocarril a la provincia. El crecimiento demográfico y la mejora del nivel de vida también impulsará el desarrollo, favoreciendo la aparición de industrias relacionadas con la construcción, la agroindustria y la energía.

De la autarquía a la crisis de la minería (1940-1975)

Tras finalizar la guerra civil, el aislamiento internacional que sufre el país provocaría la llamada fase autárquica de los primeros gobiernos franquistas en el período de 1939 a 1959. Las políticas autárquicas del periodo pondrán en valor los recursos energéticos y minerales de la provincia incrementando sustancialmente las actividades mineras, tanto carboníferas en Sabero, Matallana, Laciana y El Bierzo como con los yacimientos de hierro y wolfram de la comarca berciana. Las actividades mineras se complementarían con centrales térmicas e hidroeléctricas así como con empresas textiles y metalúrgicas en Astorga, León y Ponferrada.

La minería del carbón, motor de muchas de las comarcas leonesas, alcanzó picos de 20.000 trabajadores directos y una producción anual superior a los 4 millones de toneladas, cuyo impacto en la economía no se limitó a la propia actividad extractiva, dado que es en la década de los 40 cuando se levanta la central térmica de Compostilla I por parte de Endesa (Compostilla II se levantaría a partir de 1960). La central térmica de La Robla, la vidriera leonesa, varias cementeras y numerosas ladrilleras se levantan en esta época en la provincia, incrementando el consumo local de carbón también.

La extracción de hierro comenzó en 1954 cuando la minero-siderúrgica puso en marcha la explotación del coto Wagner, al que seguiría poco después el coto Vivaldi. La explotación alcanzó un pico de 1,2 millones de toneladas en 1971 si bien en 1977 cierra Vivaldi manteniéndose hasta 1982 el coto Wagner para mantener el suministro a la industria siderúrgica española, año en el que cierra por la competencia del mineral extranjero.

Tras el fin del período autárquico las políticas desarrollistas tuvieron consecuencias nefastas para León, que se vio excluida de la construcción de polos industriales mientras que además perdía también su condición de suministrador de materias primas a la industria nacional. La sustitución del carbón por petróleo a nivel nacional se tradujo en una disminución de las actividades mineras cuya producción no pudo ser absorbida por las nuevas actividades industriales y energéticas de la provincia.

Política industrial en la democracia

La pérdida de peso económico de la provincia provocada por el cese de las actividades tradicionales no se ha visto compensada por el desarrollo de nuevos sectores económicos. El desarrollo de suelo industrial se ha realizado mayormente en torno a la capital y Ponferrada, destacando los parques industriales de Onzonilla, Villadangos, El Bayo y Bembibre.

Sectores relevantes

Industria agroalimentaria

Industrias siderúrgica y metalúrgica

Industria química

Antecedentes

El origen de la industria química leonesa arranca en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX sobretdo por la labor del farmacéutico Damaso Merino, quién en su farmacía y laboratorio de la calle ancha de la capital contaba con 32 operarios y 3 farmacéuticos. La patente de pastillas para la tos que realizó el farmacéutico le procuró fama e impulsó la actividad de su laboratorio, aunque sería su heredero Fernando Merino quién construiría la primera industria química en 1904 en un solar tras la catedral con el nombre de Sociedad Leonesa de Productos Químicos. La industria se dedicaba a la elaboración de extractos de plantas medicinales y aromáticas así como a la fabricación de las entonces famosas pastillas Merino para la tos. Problemas financieros llevarían a su desaparición en 1922.

El mismo Fernando Merino contribuyó también a la construcción de la Papelera Leonesa en 1900 en unos terrenos junto a la estación de ferrocarril. Organizada en torno a un extenso patio de 400m2, once naves y dos pabellones, un incendio arrasó las instalaciones en 1907 provocando el hipotecado de la planta a favor de los accionistas y tras continúos cambios de manos fue adquirida en 1942 definitivamente por Juan Pascual Abelló, quién comenzó a fabricar en las instalaciones agua oxigenada para complementarla en poco tiempo con un amplio abanico de productos químico-farmacéuticos. Su cierre en la década de los 80 provocó un encendido debate ciudadano que no impidió su demolición parcial pero si que se salvasen varios pabellones en torno a la chimenea original de 1900.

Antibióticos

La que fuera empresa insignia del sector, Antibióticos S.A. fue una empresa farmacéutica creada en 1949 y se cerró en 2014. En su inicio fue formada por la unión de los siguientes laboratorios: Abelló S.A., IBYS S.A., Zeltia S.A., LETI S.A., UQUIFA S.A. e Instituto Llorente. El capital social inicial era de 40 millones de pesetas. La empresa instaló una gran fábrica en Armunia (León), con proyecto de Fernando García Mercadal. Desde este momento comienza a producir estreptomicina, tetraciclina y correctores para piensos. Es a partir de 1968 cuando comienza un plan de ampliación de sus instalaciones que elevará el volumen de fabricación a valores semejantes a los de mayores fábricas internacionales dentro del campo de los antibióticos, convirtiéndose en poco tiempo en la primera industria del sector farmacéutico nacional y la segunda del sector químico. Su volumen de exportación la sitúa entre las 50 mayores exportadoras del territorio nacional.

En 1977 Mario Conde se incorpora a la empresa Abelló y, después de venderla a la multinacional Merck Sharp and Dohme por 2.700 millones de pesetas, recibe una comisión que le permite hacer una nueva operación en 1984: comprar un 23 por 100 del capital social de Antibióticos S.A., coincidiendo con la salida de los hermanos Fernández López de la misma. En 1985, junto con su socio Juan Abelló, que poseía algo menos del 50% de la empresa y con Jaime y Emilio Botín, que suscribieron la compra de otro 23%, se hizo con el control de Antibióticos S.A. En 1987 Antibióticos S.A. fue vendida a la multinacional italiana Montedison por 58.000 millones de pesetas.

En el año 2003 esta empresa fue adquirida por Fidia Farmaceutici. Después de varios cambios accionariales, en 2010 se convierte en una sociedad unipersonal que pertenece al socio único: Calidad en la elaboración SL, cuyo presidente es Francesco Pizzocaro, siendo consejero Carlo Pizzocaro y Consejero Delegado Paolo Tubertini. Es administrador único la empresa Tendencia Positiva SL. En mayo de 2013 se declara en concurso de acreedores. En septiembre de 2014, se hace con su control la compañía Black Toro Capital, con el compromiso de invertir 35 MM€ y mantener los 170 puestos de trabajo. La nueva empresa tomó el nombre "Antibióticos de León S.L.U". (Sociedad Limitada Unipersonal).

Industria veterinaria

En los años cuarenta se crean los laboratorios Syva y los laboratorios Ovejero. Syva, fundada en 1941, surgió en el seno del grupo IAPSA por parte de miembros destacados de la facultad de veterinaria de León. Su enfoque fue el tratamiento de enfermedades como la peste porcina, el mal rojo o la septicemia hemorrágica y tras un desarrollo continuo a lo largo de sus 80 años de historia, tiene sus instalaciones en el parque tecnológico de León factuando 32 millones en 2019. Laboratorios Ovejero, por su parte, dedicada al negocio verterinario igualmente, mantiene sus instalaciones centrales en el parque industrial de Trobajo del Cerecedo y posee instalaciones en Polonia. Facturó 28 millones de euros en 2019.

Nuevos desarrollos

En el siglo XXI el sector ha incorporado nuevas empresas y se ha desarrollado en torno a la capital. Las empresas más importantes con sede en León son Leon Farma, Syva, Ovejero, Vitatene y Antibióticos. Otras empresas relevantes son Mabxience, LSNE y Calier.

Otros sectores

Industria textil
Cuantitativamente la industria textil fue el sector artesanal más importante en la economía preindustrial de la Edad moderna en la provincia de León, puesto que afectaba a una gran parte de la población directa o indirectamente. Las zonas donde se apreciaba más concentración de este tipo de actividades fueron las comarcas del Bierzo alto, la Bañeza la Maragatería y la ciudad de León. Mientras que en las primeras el material utilizado era el lino, cultivado en las vegas de los ríos, en la maragateria los telares se alimentaban con la lana de ovejas locales y la lana importada por los arrieros maragatos.

Con la llegada del siglo XIX la actividad artesanal comienza a modernizarse, iniciando un proceso de industrialización apreciable en la zona del Val de San Lorenzo, Astorga, San Justo de la Vega, Veguellina de Órbigo y León. El modelo cooperativista se desarrollaría más especialmente en el Val de San Lorenzo mientras que el resto vería aparecer empresas privadas, especialmente tras el final de la guerra civil y la llegada de los años sesenta. En la actualidad, la fabricación textil sobrevive con Aiptesa, en Astorga y con Confecciones Mayton en León. Manufacturas Teleno, empresa relevante del sector, radicada en León, echó el cierre en 2014 arrastrada por la mala situación económica. La distribución y logística por su parte tiene como gran representante a Inditex con su centro logístico de Onzonilla.

Minería

Energía

Referencias

Véase también

Economía de la provincia de León