text:
Part 1, Chapter 1 Part 1, Chapter 2 Part 1, Chapter 3 Part 1, Chapter 4 Part 1, Chapter 5 Part 1, Chapter 6 Part 1, Chapter 7 Part 2, Chapter 1 Part 2, Chapter 2 Part 2, Chapter 3 Part 2, Chapter 4 Part 2, Chapter 5 Part 2, Chapter 6 Part 2, Chapter 7 Part 3, Chapter 1 Part 3, Chapter 2 Part 3, Chapter 3 Part 3, Chapter 4 Part 3, Chapter 5 Part 3, Chapter 6 Part 3, Chapter 7
All Themes Language Sadism and Society Free Will vs. the "Clockwork Orange" Art and Humanity Conformism
All Characters Alex F. Alexander
All Symbols Christianity "What's it going to be then, eh?"
Instant downloads of all 1202 LitChart PDFs (including A Clockwork Orange).
Sadism and Society
Free Will vs. the "Clockwork Orange"
Art and Humanity
Conformism
F. Alexander
"What's it going to be then, eh?"
A Clockwork Orange Themes
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in A Clockwork Orange, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
A Clockwork Orange's ingenious use of language is one of the book's defining characteristics. Beginning with the novel's arresting opening, readers are inundated with "nadsat" slang, the part-Cockney, part-Russian patois Alex uses to narrate the story. Alex's language, like the novel as a whole, is a chaotic amalgam of high and low. Just as the plot juxtaposes grotesque violence with poignant art, Alex melds disparate linguistic influences in his narration: nadsat jargon mingles with…
(read full theme analysis)
Another of the work's stylistic trademarks is its frequent and graphic depiction of violence. In the first chapters of the book, Alex savagely beats a doddering scholar, rapes women and girls, and murders an elderly shut-in. But although Alex stands out as a merciless sadist in the earlier part of the work, later events reveal that other members of his society are also capable of similar behavior. The doctors who administer gruesome films to Alex…
The title of the novel is an allusion to its central ethical dilemma. The phrase "A Clockwork Orange" appears within the book as the name of F. Alexander's polemic against Reclamation Treatment, the state-sponsored aversion therapy that Alex undergoes. Reclamation Treatment renders criminals unable to think about violence without experiencing extreme pain themselves, thus removing a significant amount of their free will. In this way, the treatment turns individuals into "clockwork oranges"—nadsat speak for "clockwork…
Get the entire A Clockwork Orange LitChart as a printable PDF.
Burgess's malevolent protagonist is humanized, somewhat, by his reverent appreciation for the fine arts. Even though Alex is a bloodthirsty sociopath and a public menace, he is not utterly nihilistic. The sound of his favorite classical music seems to induce a more humane, respectful temperament in him. For example, when Dim behaves boorishly in a diner while a girl sings nearby, Alex punches him and reprimands him harshly. This altercation precipitates the droogs' betrayal of…
In any society, individuals forfeit some of their autonomy in exchange for protection against a world that is too dangerous to navigate alone. The universe of A Clockwork Orange is no exception. Throughout the book, Alex is forced to reconcile his arrogant individualism with his inability to live completely self-sufficiently. Droogs band together to protect themselves from other gangs, and Alex's selfish individualism alienates his own droogs to catastrophic results. Prisoners band together to protect…
Sobel, Ben. "A Clockwork Orange Themes." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 10 Mar 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2020.
Sobel, Ben. "A Clockwork Orange Themes." LitCharts LLC, March 10, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2020. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/a-clockwork-orange/themes.


A taxpayer may elect to treat the cost of any qualified film or television production, and any qualified live theatrical production, as an expense which is not chargeable to capital account. Any cost so treated shall be allowed as a deduction.
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to so much of the aggregate cost of any qualified film or television production or any qualified live theatrical production as exceeds $15,000,000.
subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting "$20,000,000" for "$15,000,000".
With respect to the basis of any qualified film or television production or any qualified live theatrical production to which an election is made under subsection (a), no other depreciation or amortization deduction shall be allowable.
An election under this section with respect to any qualified film or television production or any qualified live theatrical production shall be made in such manner as prescribed by the Secretary and by the due date (including extensions) for filing the taxpayer's return of tax under this chapter for the taxable year in which costs of the production are first incurred.
Any election made under this section may not be revoked without the consent of the Secretary.
The term "qualified film or television production" means any production described in paragraph (2) if 75 percent of the total compensation of the production is qualified compensation.
A production is described in this paragraph if such production is property described in section 168(f)(3).
(ii) only the first 44 episodes of such series shall be taken into account.
A production is not described in this paragraph if records are required under section 2257 of title 18, United States Code, to be maintained with respect to any performer in such production.
The term "qualified compensation" means compensation for services performed in the United States by actors, production personnel, directors, and producers.
The term "compensation" does not include participations and residuals (as defined in section 167(g)(7)(B)).
The term "qualified live theatrical production" means any production described in paragraph (2) if 75 percent of the total compensation of the production is qualified compensation (as defined in subsection (d)(3)).
A production is described in this paragraph if such production is a live staged production of a play (with or without music) which is derived from a written book or script and is produced or presented by a taxable entity in any venue which has an audience capacity of not more than 3,000 or a series of venues the majority of which have an audience capacity of not more than 3,000.
each such live staged production shall be treated as a separate production.
(i) The initial staging of a live theatrical production.
(ii) Subsequent additional stagings or touring of such production which are produced by the same producer as the initial staging.
In the case of a live staged production not described in subparagraph (B) which is produced or presented by a taxable entity for not more than 10 weeks of the taxable year, subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting "6,500" for "3,000".
For purposes of clause (i), in the case of any taxable year of less than 12 months, the number of weeks for which a production is produced or presented shall be annualized by multiplying the number of weeks the production is produced or presented during such taxable year by 12 and dividing the result by the number of months in such taxable year.
A production is not described in this paragraph if such production includes or consists of any performance of conduct described in section 2257(h)(1) of title 18, United States Code.
For purposes of this section, rules similar to the rules of subsections (b)(2) and (c)(4) of section 194 shall apply.
This section shall not apply to qualified film and television productions or qualified live theatrical productions commencing after December 31, 2017.
A prior section 181, Pub. L. 87–834, §2(c), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 970 , related to a deduction for unused investment credit, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §203(a)(3)(B), (4), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 34 , applicable in case of property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1963, with respect to taxable years ending after such date, and in case of property placed in service before Jan. 1, 1964, with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963.
2018-Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–123 substituted "December 31, 2017" for "December 31, 2016".
2015-Pub. L. 114–113, §169(b)(2)(C), inserted "and live theatrical" after "film and television" in section catchline.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–113, §169(b)(1), inserted ", and any qualified live theatrical production," after "any qualified film or television production".
Subsecs. (a)(2)(A), (B), (b), (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–113, §169(b)(2)(A), inserted "or any qualified live theatrical production" after "qualified film or television production".
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–113, §169(c)(2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–113, §169(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).
Pub. L. 114–113, §169(b)(2)(B), which directed insertion of "or qualified live theatrical productions" after "qualified film or television productions", was executed by making the insertion after "qualified film and television productions", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Pub. L. 114–113, §169(a), substituted "December 31, 2016" for "December 31, 2014".
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–113, §169(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g).
2014-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–295 substituted "December 31, 2014" for "December 31, 2013".
2013-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–240 substituted "December 31, 2013" for "December 31, 2011".
2010-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–312 substituted "December 31, 2011" for "December 31, 2009".
2008-Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–343, §502(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any qualified film or television production the aggregate cost of which exceeds $15,000,000."
Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 110–343, §502(d), substituted "actors, production personnel, directors, and producers." for "actors, directors, producers, and other relevant production personnel."
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–343, §502(a), substituted "December 31, 2009" for "December 31, 2008".
2005-Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–135 struck out "For purposes of a television series, only the first 44 episodes of such series may be taken into account." at end of subpar. (A), added subpar. (B), and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).
Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title I, §40308(b), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 146 , provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to productions commencing after December 31, 2016."
"(1) Extension.-The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to productions commencing after December 31, 2014.
"(A) In general.-The amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) [amending this section] shall apply to productions commencing after December 31, 2015.
"(B) Commencement.-For purposes of subparagraph (A), the date on which a qualified live theatrical production commences is the date of the first public performance of such production for a paying audience."
Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title I, §129(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4018 , provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to productions commencing after December 31, 2013."
Pub. L. 112–240, title III, §317(b), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2331 , provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to productions commencing after December 31, 2011."
Pub. L. 111–312, title VII, §744(b), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3319 , provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to productions commencing after December 31, 2009."
"(1) In general.-Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 199 of this title] shall apply to qualified film and television productions commencing after December 31, 2007.
"(2) Deduction.-The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending section 199 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007."
Amendment by Pub. L. 109–135 effective as if included in the provision of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–357, to which such amendment relates, see section 403(nn) of Pub. L. 109–135, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.
Pub. L. 108–357, title II, §244(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1447 , provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to qualified film and television productions (as defined in section 181(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section) commencing after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 2004]."


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Corporate Office: 268 S. State St., #300
Industries: Art, Business Services, Graphic Design, Printing, Sign
Resources: » Consumer Information
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ThanksUSA provides need-based college, technical and vocational school scholarships and pathways to meaningful employment for children and spouses of U.S. military personnel. Heartly House is the only organization in Frederick, MD that provides comprehensive services to survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and child abuse. Services include a 24-hour hotline, emergency shelter, individual and group counseling, victim advocate services and legal representation, medical advocacy, abuse intervention groups, community outreach and professional education.
Legal & General America employees, with help from the community, raised approximately $482,000, exceeding the $380,000 goal. Employees were able to pledge to the charity of their choice, while in-house fundraising events benefited the featured charities. Legal & General America matched the amount raised, so in total $964,000 was donated to hundreds of different charities. Over $68,000 in donations were split between ThanksUSA and Heartly House.
The compassion and generosity of Legal & General America's employees during the Charitable Giving Campaign reflect their profound gratitude for the service and sacrifice of America's military families.


Data are only collected in odd numbered years. 2015 and 2017 data are not available because New Jersey did not receive a sufficient response rate to weight data. Data for White, Black, and Asian do not include Hispanics. Hispanic ethnicity includes persons of all races.
The information provided above is from the Department of Health's NJSHAD web site (https://nj.gov/health/shad). The information published on this website may be reproduced without permission. Please use the following citation: " Retrieved Mon, 22 April 2019 18:42:06 from Department of Health, New Jersey State Health Assessment Data Web site: https://nj.gov/health/shad ".


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What is 'NEON' and why is it relevant to the School of Natural Resources? National Ecological Observatory Network. It uses sensors to study climate change, land use, and invasive species.
What is the 'Sun Corridor' and where does it occur? Its a metropolitan area from Tucson to Maricopa County.
What is the 'survival' perspective and how did it shape our views on nature? Struggle for existence. Man against nature, so nature needed to be tamed.
What is meant by a 'utilitarian' perspective on the environment? Natural resources for food, water, and shelter.
What is "deferred gratification?" Store food, so you can utilize later.
What were some of the beliefs of Anglo-Europeans settling the New World that shaped how they (and we) viewed nature and the environment? Natural resources were a gift from the creator. Man has dominion over nature.
What is 'Manifest Destiny' and how does it relate to notions of 'civilization' and 'progress'? It means the rain follows the plow- if we plant crops, then God will give us rain.
Explain the belief that 'rain follows the plow' that was prevalent during the settlement of the New World. If we plant crops, God will give us rain.
What are some examples of 'impediments to civilization' and how do these relate to how people view nature? Trees, rivers, native peoples. It makes people think they can remove them whenever they want.
What is the thesis of the book 'Guns, Germs, and Steel'? How is it related to colonialism? We often disrupt the traditional systems of natural resource use. Colonists quested for natural resources but violated traditional methods.
Seek areas with bountiful resources—> Human pop grows..
What is 'preservation' and how is it different from conservation? Preservation allows some land and its creatures to exist without significant human influence. Conservation is using the land and preservation wants less human interaction.
What are some challenges associated with preservation. How much land can be set aside and in what configuration.
What is ecology? Basic science dealing with relationships between organisms and their environment.
What is an 'environmentalist'? People concerned about our impact on environmental quality (ie air) and wasteful use of resources.
What did the assigned article by Strong say about ecologists vs environmentalists? They should be environmentalists since their work involves the environments so they should be concerned about it.
What is Conservation Biology, when did it emerge, and what its unique perspective? Conservation Biology is the recognition of the importance of biological diversity.
Emphasizes intrinsic value of all forms of life, not just those with economic value.
What is implied by 'citizen-members', 'stewardship,' and 'husbandry' in Leopold's Land Ethic? Humans are not "above" any other organisms. We are just another piece and need to work together with every other component.
What is "Reconciliation Ecology"? Design and manage habitats for productive human use and maintenance of ecosystem structure, function, and processes.
Why would knowledge of ethology and sociobiology be potentially useful for an ecologist? Ethology is the study of behavior- so ecologists would need to know mating behaviors. Sociology would tell an ecologists about hers, packs..
What do community ecologists study? All the populations of a given area. Plant communities, small mammal communities..
What did Leopold mean when he said that "and is not merely soil?" The land represents an ecological system in all of its complexity; and we have an ethical responsibility for taking care of the resources embodied in 'the land'.
What is a biome? Regional ecosystem; characterized by distinctive plant formations, climates, and animals.
In the 'Song of the Galvilan' section of Sand County Almanac, Leopold likened plants, animals, and soils to what? are responsible ?for it.
Plants, animals, and soil were likened to music.
What specific group of people was Leopold critical of in 'song of the Gavilan'? Professors. They select a subject and dedicate their lives to taking it apart. This process is dismemberment, the place of dismemberment is the university.
Were early Spanish explorers interested in wildlife such as bison? Explain. No, they were primarily interested in gold/silver and religious converts. They had no room to ship or store animal products.
How did Russia impact north american wildlife in the early 1800s? In what geographic region. The Russians nearly eliminated sea otters and fur seals. Near California, Pacific coast region.
Contrast the impacts of colonial Spaniards to those of the British, Dutch, and French. Spaniards really had no explicit impacts. The British, Dutch, and French exploited the costal resources- fished, hunted birds, and marine mammals.
What was the 'Myth of Superabundance' and what is its legacy? Current day examples. Belief that populations are not disappearing; they are simply in a different area. (US thought the passenger pigeons had all moved to Canada.
What did George Marsh do? Scientist/Congressman- Wrote "Mand and Nature"
What are some water quality issues; and of these' which one is typically of most importance in the Southwest? Heavy metals, nutrients, organics, sediments.Erosion and sedimentation is SW primary problem.
What is Integrated Watershed Management? The process of managing human activities and natural resources on a watershed basis. Allows us to protect water resources and addess population growth.
How have GIS, GPS, and remote sensing tools revolutionized natural resources management? Efficiency: managers can now collect field data with a GPS in the morning and make a map before the end of the day.
What was the gist of the article "Cows or Condos?" Ranglands are being used for urban development more and more. Some argue that ranching is detrimental. PLants would most likely have a negative response to the removal of cattle.
When managing herbivores on rangelands, what are some of the key things we need to know about them? What do they eat, nutritional requirements, does the land have this? Health issues..
Approximately when did the numbers of grazing livestock peak in rangelands of the USA and Australia? What was the basis for the subsequent decline in numbers? Early 1900s. Overgrazing.
What is the 'Tragedy of the Commons" and how does it relate to rangeland degradation? Everyone exploits something for their self-interest even if it is not theirs? Lots of grazers brought on more cattle on rangelands because there was so much grass. Lead to overgrazing.
How did the environmental movement differ from the conservation movement? Environmental focused on degradation and urban environments.
What was Henry David Thoreau's perspective in the environment? Transcendentalism. Humans would be better off in their natural state. "In wilderness is the preservation of the world."
Were Muir and Pinchot allies or antagonists? How so? They were allies up until they started butting heads over a reservoir in California. Pinchot was utilitarian- all about using resources for humans (nicely though). Muir wanted to preserve the land because it was beautiful.
What was Lynn White's theory on the cause of environmental degradation and provide an example of why his reasoning was weak. He sais that Christianity caused environmental degradation- used quotes from the bible stating that humans have dominion over the world. His reasoning was weak because he used the Aswan Dam as an example, and they were muslims.
What was the significance of Paul Ehrlich's book the population bomb? What controversies did it stir? He stated that since the population was rising so fast, agriculture would not be able to su[[prt everyone. He has extremist ideas of childbirth limits and punishments.
What were Garret Hardin's 4 main conclusion in his article The Tragedy of the Commons? Freedoms in the commons brings ruin to all.
No technical solution, only a social solution.
Only coercive controls will work.
Only the state or privatization can solve the problem.
What is deep ecology vs shallow ecology? Deep ecology is more about politics while shallow is simple conservation efforts. Deep leads people to a higher order of thinking.
Why is land currently owned by the federal government typically of poor quality? The public grabbed the land with the best quality first, so the government was left with the undesirable land.


text:
Q: Ruby Savon Parse Additional Option I use Savon with SOAP requests.
I try to send structure below with USD currency:
'urn2:Amt' => {
  'urn2:InstdAmt Ccy="USD"' => 1.00
},

Unfortunately SAVON misinterprets this and send something like this
<urn2:Amt><urn2:InstdAmt Ccy="USD">1.0</urn2:InstdAmt>Ccy="USD"></urn2:Amt>

I'm making a mistake somewhere, the correct structure should look like this:
<urn2:Amt>
  <urn2:InstdAmt Ccy="USD">1.00</urn2:InstdAmt>
</urn2:Amt>

Can you give me a hint?

A: Savon uses gyoku for xml generation so you can leverage that syntax to generate the xml you are looking for.
Per Explicit XML Attributes in the docs:

In addition to using the :attributes! key, you may also specify attributes through keys beginning with an "@" sign. Since you'll need to set the attribute within the hash containing the node's contents, a :content! key can be used to explicity set the content of the node. The :content! value may be a String, Hash, or Array.

So in your example
client = Savon::Client.new(endpoint: 'http://example.com', namespace: 'http://v1.example.com')
locals = {message: {"Amt"=>{"InstdAmt"=>{"@Ccy"=>"USD", :content!=>1.0}}}}
Savon::Builder.new('example',c.wsdl,c.globals,locals).build_document

This will generate the following xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:wsdl="http://v1.example.com" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
   <env:Body>
      <wsdl:example>
         <Amt>
            <InstdAmt Ccy="USD">1.0</InstdAmt>
         </Amt>
      </wsdl:example>
   </env:Body>
</env:Envelope>

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text:
This 95-Year-Old Man Took Several Buses To Join A March Against Racism In New Zealand
"It has brought people together, no matter what their race or anything. People suddenly realised we're all one."
BuzzFeed News Director, Australia
This is 95-year-old John Sato taking part in a march against racism in Auckland, New Zealand, at the weekend.
Fiona Goodall / Getty Images
Sato told Radio New Zealand he could not sleep after the terror attack in Christchurch, which left 50 people dead.
He heard about memorials taking place across the country in the days following the shootings and decided to visit a mosque in Pakuranga, the national broadcaster reported.
Having taken a bus from his home in Howick to attend the vigil, he then took several more buses into Auckland centre and attended a rally against racism at Aotea Square.
Speaking of Christchurch, Sato said: "I think it's such a tragedy, and yet it has the other side. It has brought people together, no matter what their race or anything. People suddenly realised we're all one. We care for each other."
RNZ @radionz
At 95 years old, John Sato admits he is a bit out of touch with the modern world, but he still took four buses to join the Auckland march against racism on Sunday. https://t.co/m26HvVs6Gb
06:27 AM - 26 Mar 2019
Sato, whose mother was Scottish and father Japanese, said he was one of only two Kiwi-Japanese servicemen in the New Zealand army during the Second World War. His wife died 15 years ago and their only daughter died last year, Radio New Zealand reported.
He said people were kind when they saw him at the rally on Sunday. He said afterwards a policeman took him all the way home.
"That tragedy in Christchurch, look at what it brought out in people," he said. "It shows the best in humanity."
"New Zealand Should Be A Symbol For Everyone": Christchurch's Schoolkids Have Come Together To Support The Muslim Community Hannah Ryan · March 18, 2019
"New Zealand Is Unbreakable": Christchurch Victims Honoured At Memorial Richard James · March 22, 2019
People Are Praising The Dad Who Threw A Credit Card Machine At The Christchurch Shooter Gina Rushton · March 18, 2019
Richard James is the News Director for BuzzFeed Australia and is based in Sydney.
Contact Richard James at richard.james@buzzfeed.com.


How is the two-thirds legislative majority good for Washington?
I would like to know how creating a more difficult legislative hurdle for raising taxes is good for Washington. States trying to hamstring taxation, Wisconsin and Kansas, have seen their economies perform worse than average and suffer from weak or non existent job growth. I would like you to concatenate making tax votes more difficult with economic growth.
Thanks for your e-mail. This is an important question, and it deserves a serious answer.
First, I don't think you can draw a simple cause-and-effect relationship between the difficulty of increasing taxation and either economic growth or job growth. Economies the size of Washington state are complex and have many factors that lead to growth or stagnation. As of March 2011, sixteen states had some kind of supermajority voting requirement (SMVR) for tax increases. Their economic outcomes vary widely; nine had GDP growth in 2013 higher than average; the other seven were below average. Eight had higher-than-average job growth between December 2012 and December 2013; eight had lower-than-average growth. I don't think you can pin economic outcomes solely on the SMVR.
In addition, a recent study concludes that while SMVRs curb tax rates in the short run, the effect diminishes over time.
So, if the economic data is mixed, why would I support such a change to the Washington state constitution?
First, the voters have spoken very clearly on the issue: they have approved the 2/3 majority six times in the past twenty years.
Second, I believe that our legislators have too frequently turned to tax increases rather than spending reductions to solve budget deficits. Government should, like doctors, first vow to do no harm. Tax increases very often harm the very people our legislators are trying to help. For example, the proposed 10.5 cent increase in the gas tax during the last legislative session would have a disproportionate impact on those least able to bear that cost – the working poor.
Third, total budgeted spending in the 2013-15 biennium is just above $80 billion. In the 2003-05 biennium, that figure was $53 billion. Spending has gone up 50% in the past ten years. We do not have a revenue problem, we have a spending problem.
Finally, I believe that government spending is less economically efficient than leaving money in the hands of the people who earned it. If you let people keep their money, they either spend it or invest it. Either way, 100 percent of every dollar contributes to economic growth. If you tax it, some portion of it is wasted in administration and red tape. By definition, less than 100 percent of every dollar contributes to economic growth.
I realize that we may disagree; if so, you may find that one of my opponents is a better fit for you. I hope that you'll consider this information and come to conclusions similar to those I've reached. If so, I would deeply appreciate your vote. If not, then, please vote your conscience.
Thanks again for writing, and for taking the time to carefully consider these important issues.
 The states are: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri Mississippi, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington. See this website.
 US economic growth was 1.8% for 2013. See this website.
 US average job growth was 1.71% from Dec. 2012 to Dec 2013; see this website and look at the Total Nonfarm job sector, with a Same Month Prev. Year data set for the month of December 2013.


Consumerism is a term which is often misused and misunderstood. Several times it is wrongly used to refer to consumer affluence, conspicuous consumption etc. The true meaning of consumerism is quite different from these.
Consumerism is a collective endeavor of the consumers and social institutions to protect the rights of the consumers.
(iii) to make the business more honest, efficient, responsive and responsible.
(i) Producers and sellers will not take the consumer for grated. 'When consumers are strong enough to protect their rights, the business will be compelled to shun unfair trade practices.
(ii) Consumerism will provide feedback for the business. It will enable the producers understand consumer needs and wants. This will assist in the more effective implementation of the marketing concept or the societal marketing concept, depending upon the nature of consumerism.
(iii) Producers will be able to enlist the support of consumers to minimize the imperfections on the distribution front. Several times the supply position is made worse by hoarding and black-marketing by traders. Further, many sellers have a tendency to charge a price which is higher than the actual by giving one or other reason. There is no reason why the consumer and producer should not co-operate to get rid of the unscrupulous traders.
(iv) Consumerism will make the government more responsive to consumer interests, prompt it to take necessary statutory measures, and make the required institutional arrangements to safeguard rights.
For more help in Consumerism please click the button below to submit your homework assignment.


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Clearstone IP Blog
Managing patent clearance and freedom to operate
CLEARSTONE FTO
How An Early Patent Investigation Helped CalAmp Avoid $6 Million in Enhanced Damages
A recent Federal Circuit case, Omega Patents v. CalAmp, underscores the importance of conducting early patent investigations and how they can help avoid enhanced damages due to willful patent infringement.
CalAmp entered the appeal owing $9 million in compensatory and enhanced damages for willful patent infringement after a jury trial ($15 million total after attorney's and additional fees). The Federal Circuit vacated the entire willfulness judgment and its associated enhanced damages and remanded for a new trial in part because of technical issues relating to the jury verdict.
But before sending the case back to trial, the Federal Circuit made a point to note the importance of CalAmp's early pre-suit patent investigation efforts and the associated evidentiary errors committed by the district court. When the district court properly considers the evidence, CalAmp will stand a much better chance of escaping the $6 million in enhanced damages.
The Federal Circuit found that the district court erred in two ways when it considered the willfulness issue:
The court improperly excluded testimony by a CalAmp senior director, Gallin Chen, relating to CalAmp's state of mind prior to the alleged infringing acts. Despite being allowed to testify that he "was the 'main person' tasked with investigating the patent landscape," "discussed his findings with his superior . . . who was part of CalAmp's executive team," conducted searches to "see the lay of the land," Chen was not permitted to state his conclusions as to whether the asserted patent claims were infringed or invalid. The appeals court rejected the trial court's application of expert witness (FRCP 26) and hearsay rules and held that "Chen's testimony on this issue was clearly relevant."
The district court also erred in excluding testimony by CalAmp's outside counsel, David Bailey, as to the analysis he provided and conveyed to CalAmp executives regarding noninfringement and invalidity of the asserted patents. The Federal Circuit said that Bailey should have been allowed to present a reasonable explanation as to how he arrived at his conclusions in order to demonstrate CalAmp's mental state as to these issues. The appeals court drew a noteworthy line, however, with respect to Bailey's post-suit written opinions – opinions performed after the suit was filed were properly excluded since they were not contemporaneous with the infringing activity.
Patent analysis by non-attorneys, including conclusions of non-infringement and invalidity, is probative and relevant to an accused infringer's state of mind at the time of the alleged activity. Chen was not an attorney but had responsibility for freedom to operate analysis. The Federal Circuit held that his conclusions, which indicated a subjective state of mind on the part of CalAmp, were relevant to willfulness under Halo.
Testimony regarding prior verbal opinions of non-infringement or invalidity can be relevant and admissible, but it is usually better to document these positions. Although the Federal Circuit rejected a hearsay objection that the district court sustained to exclude testimony about conversations, documentary evidence of such opinions would have avoided the issue altogether and is almost always more credible.
The exclusion of Bailey's post-suit written opinions as to non-infringement and invalidity reinforces the criticality of performing and documenting patent investigations as early as possible in a product's development and launch cycle. Opinions and patent analysis conducted at the beginning of alleged activity are admissible to show good faith non-infringement and invalidity positions, while after-the-fact opinions usually are not relevant.
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Very Smart Brothas
Is Wale One of the Greatest Rappers of All Time? A Discussion
The Washington, D.C., area representer claimed on Twitter to be a GOAT rapper. He might have a case.
Panama Jackson
Photo: Shannon Finney (Getty Images)
Let's just start with the main bullet point and then work our way into the weeds, Nike Boots and rototoms. Recently, Washington, D.C., rapper, fashion icon (I'm gonna give him these flowers) and sometimes oversharer Wale made this statement via Twitter:
"When I say I'm one of the greatest rappers of all time . I mean it with all my heart . I've put out more QUALITY music than most . My deep cuts are crazy . My singles all got plaques . Decade plus . THAT is why I'm heavy on the gratitude." Let's just add a (sic) to the entire tweet.
There's a lot to unpack here. On Instagram and Facebook, I put forth the challenge to get a person—other than Wale—to make the case that supports this statement. A pretty lively and, honestly, enlightening at times, conversation spawned from it; several people made cases. So let's start at the top: What makes a person the greatest?
This is one of those super subjective questions; if you ask 10 people you might get 10 different answers as to what makes a rapper "the greatest," kind of like asking folks "What makes an album a classic?" Like, when I think of GOAT rappers—the standard issue lists includes, but is not limited to Jay-Z, Nas, Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac—I have to admit my own '90s bias. But similarly, I understand that rappers like Kendrick Lamar and Drake (hate it or love it) are going to end up in these conversations when it's all said and done. J. Cole, too. People argue about LL Cool J's place on GOAT lists and he's largely the reason we even have GOAT arguments. If LL Cool J isn't a (or the) GOAT, then this conversation is almost a non-starter for the vast majority of rappers. Point is, this is a very subjective plateau, but there are a lot of rappers whose names get tossed in that don't genuinely evoke much of a reaction short of, "probably."
Wale both is and isn't one of those artists—depending on who you ask—and it's probably not fair. Let's take a look at his career, which is probably longer and more impactful than most folks realize. He's been around since the mid-2000s via the mixtape game. He has No. 1 albums, many top 10 singles (including one No. 1), song-stealing features, classic mixtapes and is an artist who, for better or worse (more on this later), most folks are familiar with. Basically, he has a career that the vast majority of rappers (musical artists of any genre, really) would covet, even rappers we "respect." More people know and financially support Wale than most other rappers. I think that's indisputable and clearly puts him in the "one of the greatest" camp.
Also, and this might be more controversial, I do think he did a lot to put Washington, D.C., on the national hip-hop map. He is clearly not the first rapper from D.C.; there were legions of D.C. rappers before him with varying levels of success. I know many of them personally. But I do think that he's one of the first to wear D.C. so heavily on his sleeve and put the bullseye on D.C. in a commercial sense as a place of note. I think that counts for a lot. I also realize many might disagree with this; I'm willing to entertain all of those arguments.
Here's the other side of the equation and where a lot of subjectivity comes into the picture: I don't actually think most of that is because of Wale. I think most of his work is elevated because of either the beats or the features on his songs. Now, as was pointed out on Facebook, that speaks to Wale as an amazing A&R and judge of talent. He clearly has a great ear for beats (at times; there are some songs that I'm sure even he wouldn't make again). But my issue here, and this is a personal one, is that I often feel like Wale, on those songs that he is putting together, is the least compelling part of the songs. Which is crazy because if you're looking for a rapper who is heavy on subject matter and attempting to use his music and platform to speak about things, Wale is one of those rappers. And yet, something never quite curls over, for me at least. Based on the discussion had on Facebook, I am not alone.
Now, a lot of that for many people is that Wale has a reputation that precedes him if you've been aware of him for long enough. Wale has kirked out enough times where folks think he doth protest too much about his place in hip-hop and where he belongs. He is somebody who isn't afraid to tell you that he should be more successful than he is, or that his work should be more revered than it is. He's like Kanye in that regard, except for many folks, Kanye's work has backed up the claims. I'm not entirely sure if the listening public feels the same way about Wale, chart hits notwithstanding. Like, he's got jams, but I don't think most view him as the transcendent artist that he thinks he is. Are any of his albums going to come in most folks lists of favorite albums? I don't know. I can only name two of his albums. But that's more about me than him; clearly, he has a fanbase who either "understands him" or think he hasn't gotten a fair shot, either. Maybe it's true, though I think it's hard to claim you haven't been given a proper look when you're as successful as you are; it's like Drake complaining about being successful. Like, what do you want? Like what spot do you think you deserve?
Two more things here: A very good point was made on Facebook—well many were but there are a few I want to zero in on. Somebody pointed out that if you can't be your own biggest cheerleader why should anybody else. And that's fair; I do think that you should believe in yourself, especially in the creative arts. One of my favorite lines from Phife Dawg from A Tribe Called Quest was when he said that, "...and if I ever went solo, my favorite emcee would be me...." on "Clap Your Hands" from 1993's indisputable classic, Midnight Marauders. Hip-hop is a contact sport; every rapper thinks they're the best to ever do it and most tell you at least once or twice in song and will tell you in-person if they were famous enough for anybody to ever ask. Wale calling himself one of the greatest is really just par the course for the job. I think we forget that sometimes. Lil Wayne used to tell us all the time that he was the best rapper alive; Jay spent an entire career telling us that. Nas, on the other hand, was more inclined to let the streets say it and then kind of stand back and accept the accolade when it came. Different strokes. Where I think this impacts Wale negatively is that he has turned off so many people that it's hard to see past the prickliness to really give him a fair shake, so maybe he's right. The Game has this problem; he's become known for so much more shit than his actual skill set that very few people are ever going to give him the credit for being the top-tier lyricist that he is. That is an enemy of their own making. Should it be held against them when evaluating their rap career? No. Will it be held against them? Absolutely.
Another person pointed out that calling yourself one of the greatest is like wearing a "World's Greatest Dad" T-shirt. I have a few of those. I've never bought one myself, I wouldn't wear it unless my kids gave it to me. Which gets to another point about this debate: you can toss the label out there, but I don't know that artists get to assess their greatness for themselves. I can say all day long that I'm the greatest writer to ever do it (I know this isn't true by the way, self-awareness is something I own in spades) but if the consumers don't feel that way, then it's a moot point. You can call yourself great and some folks will disagree but I mean, his career speaks for itself. But once you go into the "greatest of all time" territory, the door gets opened to a tremendous amount of scrutiny about that successful career.
Where does Wale stand in this? Well for me I actually—now—think he does have a fairly compelling argument if you take the totality of his career into account. One of the greatest of all time is a statement that is heavily inclusive of the entire rap landscape, which has included thousands and thousands of rappers who have released albums and records and Wale might be a top 100 emcee, which puts him in somewhat rare air. Using that metric, perhaps Wale has a case. While it would be awesome if the rest of us would make it for him, it seems that's his biggest issue; nobody ever seems to do so, which begs the question of why? Can you be one of the greats if you have to remind folks that you are? I think so. Sometimes we all need help realizing it.
But the bigger question is why do people need help realizing it considering his resume?
That's the question that needs answering right there.


Left a pint under the table at lunchtime.. You know when the session is about to start cos all the nurses stop smoking outside and head back to their stations. They have a new machine that weighs and beeps and moans if the flow is too slow or too quick.
This time I will not be out doing the club hilly chain gang in the evening. I learned my lesson last time.
Interesting. The last time I gave blood (a couple of months ago) was the first time in over 60 visits that I remember it hurting, and continuing to hurt for a couple of days afterwards.
It hurts me nearly every time. Just not that much - enough to wince, but that's about it.
On about 50% of donations, I end up with a bruise at the extraction site.
I'm disappointed, haven't earned my Guinness.
Well, this time I feel so much better. Not going out and riding the club hilly chain gang that evening was definitely a smart move (once bitten, twice shy) and the run in this morning was fine - took it quite leisurely.
I gave blood yesterday. Mine never gets given to anyone else though.
My arthritis is an auto-immune condition and they don't let the likes of me give blood. My "blood donation" was a mere couple of phials to see the state of my disease.
They don't take a full pint, only about 470ml.
Have an appointment for next weekend, let's see if I can shift this cold sore before then (skiing and dehydration don't help).
I once gave blood just after coming back from the Alps and having a cold sore. They took my blood after checking with the doctor in charge. The next time after 6 months they were specifically requesting that they wanted blood with antibodies to Herpes simplex, I said that I regularly used to get cold sores after being exposed to light and that I had recently had quite a bad cold sore. They looked at their records and found that 6 months earlier I had given blood with a cold sore, they said thank you very much and took my blood again. Here in France they won't let me give blood as they think I might be contaminated with CJD.
Registered for online appointment booking system (via the Government Gateway) and it looks very useful. I can see donation history, book and cancel appointments without having to speak to someone or wait for a letter, etc. Nice.
What do pints make? Prizes - pints make prizes. I got a Bronze today for my 10th donation.
I celebrated when I got home by almost passing out in the shower . I was dashing about like a mad thing after cycling back from the session; and had to nip downstairs to find a clean towel for a shower. I ran back upstairs, got to the bathroom and realised I was right on the brink of keeling over. I had to have an emergency sit down on the loo with my head between my legs. What a wally .
BTDT. Ended up buying a big bottle of fizzypop and sitting on the shop floor drinking it when I 'came over queer' cycling through Sheepscar in Leeds immediately after blood donation.
Oh my. Head between your legs, what a sight Seriously though, well done on your achievement.
"Have you had complicated dental work?" Yes.
Not very clear though that question. Impacted wisdom teeth and GA to remove 'em.
One of the more ... err .. interesting evenings of my life occurred at college when I was in my 3rd year I think. The blood donation van turned up the same day as the Scottish and Newcastle freebies van. I gave one pint but consumed several.
They won't let me give blod any more. I think I just about got to 10 sessions when my arthritis bit. Because it's an autoimmune disease they don't want my nasty blood tainting anyone else's.
I'm afraid I wasn't too keen on the 2nd class donor feeling I got last time I turned up without an appointment - you see your form placed at the bottom of the pile from where it seems only to make any progress towards the top if further non-conformists happen to turn up after you. I find it difficult to predict more than a day or two in advance when I'll be able to attend (by which time all the slots are booked or it's too late to book) so I normally just drop into one of a number of local centres when I can. This used to work just fine but they seem to be finding it increasingly difficult to handle these days. It was probably disgraceful ageist stereotyping of me to observe that almost all of the other donors present with appointments appeared to be elderly retired types that quite possibly weren't in desperate need of a quick turnaround. I waited patiently and didn't complain of course but by the time I finally progressed to the blood test stage I was beginning to doubt the accuracy of the "our stocks are low, we really need your blood" adverts that were running on the radio at the time.
It was probably disgraceful ageist stereotyping of me to observe that almost all of the other donors present with appointments appeared to be elderly retired types that quite possibly weren't in desperate need of a quick turnaround.
My first time with the new flippy space-age chairs. Kewl! Waaay better than the rickety folding "beds".
I failed the CuSO4 test again . Last time was two days after riding a 600, and I didn't bother with the proper test, but perhaps I should have; I let them test me today and it was fine (145g/L), so got to donate after all.
They are quite fun aren't they?
Stepdaughter (17) donated for her second time last week.
Tattoos are a problem. Piercings and tattoos are frowned on by NBS, so every time someone gets a tat, they can't donate for 4 months.


Morning.. it's cab all the way from Bt Batok to NSRCC at Changi for a Mickey Mouse themed birthday party for Dylan's 1st Birthday... Here's the young pretty mummy, Eileen. Not much children as what the mummy told me, thus was painting adults mostly.
Going out wasn't easy, I need to rush back to Bt Batok for an RC event, was happy to get a cab in the NSRCC, But, the driver needs to change shift, end up I only took the cab to Tanah Merah MRT and change to another cab.. Then JAM (for no particular reason at PIE around Kallang area) Total Cab fare $60++ to and fro, break record.. Faints..


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Work to begin on realignment of Wilsonville Road in Newberg
ODOT awards bid to redirect traffic from rural county road onto Highway 219 south of Wynooski Street
A long-awaited step toward completion of the first phase of the Newberg-Dundee bypass will begin soon by the Oregon Department of Transportation.
A contractor hired by ODOT is poised to begin realignment of the western terminus of Wilsonville Road to again connect directly with Highway 219. The project is designed to redirect traffic now being funneled from Wilsonville Road onto Springbrook Road, back to Highway 219 south of the bypass. It is expected to be completed by July.
ODOT's original design was to connect Wilsonville Road directly to the eastern terminus of the bypass, but threats of litigation from a homeowner's association fearing increased traffic on that road forced the state agency to funnel traffic from Wilsonville Road to Springbrook Road until a realignment could be completed. The compromise has often led to traffic snarls near the intersection of the two roads, including a rash of illegal u-turns by motorists attempting to travel south on Highway 219 but who are thwarted by barriers to left turns from Wilsonville Road to Springbrook Road.
The new design will see Wilsonville Road now take a sharp left turn about a quarter-mile east of Highway 219 onto a section of Adolph Road, then sweep around to the west to connect to the highway a few hundred yards south of Wynooski Road.
The project is estimated to total about $4 million, according to Alvin Shoblom, Region 2 project manager for ODOT. The bid for $1.61 million was awarded to Kerr Contractors Oregon, a Woodburn firm that participated in the construction of the bypass. Funding came from the Jobs and Transportation Act, passed by the Legislature in 2009, which partially funded construction of the first phase of the bypass.
The reasoning behind the project is fairly straightforward.
"Wilsonville Road has to be relocated to allow for the next construction phase of the Newberg-Dundee bypass," Shoblom said.
ODOT purchased right-of-way from eight property owners and one tenant, Sholblom said. The land purchased by ODOT was primarily used for farming, according to maps provided by ODOT.
The next step of the bypass, Phase 2, is in development stage. Funding leftover from Phase 1 of the bypass, estimated to be between $12 million and $18 million, is being used for purchase of right-of-way on the project, which will connect Highway 219 with Highway 99W near the base of Rex Hill. That project is estimated to cost roughly $115 million. The Legislature has so far produced $22 million for construction of the second phase.
Shoblom said design of Phase 2 of the bypass "will only be taken to the first design stage known as DAP (Design Acceptance Package) because there are no construction funds allocated for Phase 2 at this time," he said. "Once full or partial funding is provided the design phase will continue on."
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Alumni profile: Brock Kirby's rising star in advertising
Brock Kirby, BS '08, Advertising
Story by Eric Schucht
In 2015, UO School of Journalism and Communication alum Brock Kirby, BS '08, debuted on Business Insider's 30 most creative people under 30 list at #3. A year later, he moved up to spot #2. He might have hit #1 in 2017 if he hadn't aged out.
That's not to say that Kirby had a slow year. He was busy working on the team that won the 2017 Adcolor Ad of the Year. The winning Wieden + Kennedy spot for The Atlantic, "Typecast," features actor Michael K. Williams getting interrogated by different versions of himself about whether his most famous roles have been determined for him by race or circumstance.
Kirby has won plenty of other awards during his short career, from such prestigious organizations as Cannes, The One Show, Design & Art Direction, the American Institute of Certified Planners and the Clios. But the Adcolor win is one of his proudest accomplishments so far.
"The Adcolor Conference is all about championing diversity in an industry that greatly lacks it," Kirby said. "So doing something that spoke to that award committee and that audience was huge."
Kirby launched his mercurial rise before he even graduated from the SOJC, on the advertising program's annual trip to New York City. He and his fellow SOJC students networked at dozens of advertising agencies in the city, including J. Walter Thompson (JWT), which hired him on the spot.
After two years at JWT, Kirby went on to work at Wieden + Kennedy in Portland. At W+K — founded by fellow SOJC alum Dan Wieden, BS '67 — he sharpened his sports creative portfolio on the global Nike account and worked for Dodge, Verizon and Sony.
Today, the contacts he's made in the industry have allowed him to go out on his own as a freelance copywriter for his former employers and such clients as Squarespace, Google, Mother, Fallon, Hustle and BBDO.
We talked to Kirby about his experiences in the world of advertising and advice for students who are thinking of following in his footsteps. Here's what he had to say.
What drew you to advertising?
I was at the journalism school for magazine writing. A couple of guys in my fraternity, Sigma Chi, convinced me to meet with Deb Morrison, head of the SOJC's advertising area. They told me, "You gotta meet Deb. You're not a journalist, you're an ad writer," because I was doing these little videos and stuff for the fraternity.
Then we went on the annual New York trip. I got a ragtag portfolio in front of a few creative directors and was hired on at JWT New York. In 2008 the economy was absolutely and utterly tanking when I turned my internship into a job. So I was pretty thankful that I snuck in the door.
What was your experience with the SOJC's Media in Ghana program?
The Media in Ghana program was one of the biggest influences not just in my career, but in my life. I'm so grateful for that experience. I grew up in small-town Oregon and had traveled very little before that trip. Without the experience of working and living in Accra, I think my transition to New York out of college would have been much harder. I don't know how to describe it, except that it shook my brain loose and opened my little Sherwood, Oregon, worldview more than any other single experience during college. I couldn't recommend the program more.
Tell us about "Typeast," your ad that won the Adcolor Ad of the Year.
W+K New York reached out and said, "We have Michael K. Williams for this really interesting project for The Atlantic." And I said, "Sign me up." I've always been a big fan.
The concept itself wasn't necessarily meant to be about typecasting or race. But as we discussed possible questions with Michael, everyone sort of circled the typecasting one. As we started script development, we realized how powerful the script could be, considering the cultural conversation around race.
It was a great opportunity to work for such a fantastic journalistic entity as The Atlantic. Being able to use the advertising abilities I learned in the School of Journalism and Communication to promote great journalism felt like a perfect circle.
What has helped you succeed in the industry?
I had incredibly supportive people at every stage. My father was a language arts teacher and a coach. He was instrumental in developing my writing at a young age and giving me a sports background. He coached five sports and made me play everything. That's been extraordinarily helpful in the creative field, because not that many people know sports well. It really helped when I got onto the Nike account to have that writing and sports background.
I had a writing teacher in high school, Bob Balmer. When I got to college, I lacked that mentorship, like most do, for the first couple of years. But then I had guys in the fraternity who took me under their wings and then Deb. She has been the main spark in my career and helped me get my foot in the door at JWT.
What is your creative process? Where do your ideas come from?
I read anything and everything I can get my hands on. What I read probably feels random, even to me. But when I sit down to write, ideas will start to bounce off each other from things I've read. They'll start to mingle and make sense.
I stole this method of working from Eugene Schwartz, an old ad guy who had a timer on his desk: He would set six 30-minute sessions a day and write that way, under the gun. I aim for six sessions — sometimes more, sometimes less — but every single day I try to sit down and grind it out. Sometimes the best ideas are really useful, and sometimes it feels like I'm not doing anything at all. But you got to sit and crank it out. It's also easy to get carried away in the process. With advertising, especially, you can't go too long with stuff or make it too complex. Eventually you have to reduce it down to its core and simplify.
What advice do you have for students interested in advertising?
My advice is to take the strangest classes and meet the weirdest people you can on campus. Two of the more important classes I took — Folklore in Pop Culture and The Apocalypse in Pop Culture — were from a folklore teacher, Daniel Wojcik. He's amazing. I found with those classes, as with reading, that the more you can get different perspectives and different thoughts in your head, the better you'll be at writing.
Eric Schucht is a senior pursuing a bachelor's degree in journalism from the SOJC as well as a minor in multimedia and a certificate in film studies. He has worked for the Daily Emerald as a news reporter and has freelanced for The Cottage Grove Sentinel.
Ancil Payne Award
Hall of Achievement
Pulitzer Prize-Winners


Will Caitlin's soul be at stake? New page up!
I'm happy to announce that all the art pages and the cover have gone to the colorist. So we are right on track for the chapter to be done in October or early November.
Happy news!! Another terrific review for Kickstarter for the Independent Creator. For those of you looking to launch a campaign, you might want to take a look at it.
And we were featured in Bleeding Cool!
Woot! Long Beach Comic Con is upon us!


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text:
"""
    IntDict{T}

A dictionary to convert key::T into integer id.

## 👉 Example
```julia
dict = IntDict{String}()
push!(dict, "abc") == 1
push!(dict, "def") == 2
push!(dict, "abc") == 1

dict["abc"] == 1
getkey(dict, id1) == "abc"
```
"""
struct IntDict{T}
    key2id::Dict{T,Int}
    id2key::Vector{T}
    id2count::Vector{Int}
    default::Int
end
IntDict{T}(; default=0) where T = IntDict(Dict{T,Int}(), T[], default)

Base.count(dict::IntDict, id::Int) = dict.id2count[id]
Base.getkey(dict::IntDict, id::Int) = dict.id2key[id]
Base.getindex(dict::IntDict, key) = dict.key2id[key]
Base.get(dict::IntDict, key) = get(dict.key2id, key, dict.default)
Base.length(d::IntDict) = length(d.key2id)

function Base.push!(dict::IntDict, key)
    if haskey(dict.key2id, key)
        id = dict.key2id[key]
        dict.id2count[id] += 1
    else
        id = length(dict.id2key) + 1
        dict.key2id[key] = id
        push!(dict.id2key, key)
        push!(dict.id2count, 1)
    end
    id
end
Base.append!(dict::IntDict, keys::Vector) = map(k -> push!(dict,k), keys)

function save(dict::IntDict)
    throw("Not implemented yet.")
end

function load(::Type{IntDict{T}}, path::String) where T
    throw("Not implemented yet.")
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
X Still Marks Sunken Spot, and Gold Awaits
The discovery of sunken gold conjures up visions of instant riches: Swiss bank accounts and lazy afternoons on faraway beaches, daiquiris in hand.
But the quest to salvage the S.S. Central America — which went down in 1857 in a hurricane off South Carolina carrying 425 souls, as well as thousands of coins, bars and nuggets of California gold — has produced a quarter-century of broken dreams and legal nightmares.
The bones of the side-wheeler were discovered in 1988, nearly a mile and a half down. The finder hauled up glittering coins and boasted of treasure worth $1 billion.
Gold bars taken from the S.S. Central America ship which sank in 1857 are displayed at the Museum of American Financial History January 8, 2003 in New York City.
But paralysis ensued as waves of insurers and angry investors filed rival claims. Recovery of the shipwreck languished as courtrooms echoed with charges of fraud. In 2012, the finder became a fugitive.
Now, with the legal obstacles cleared, a private company working with a court-appointed receiver has become the first to revisit the shipwreck in two decades. It is, the team was delighted to find, still heavy with treasure.
On April 15, the company, Odyssey Marine Exploration, lowered a robot into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean and hauled up five gold bars weighing 66 pounds — worth about $1.2 million as metal and more as artifacts. That step, the company says, opened a new chapter in the saga of the Central America that will include raising the rest of the gold and exploring the deteriorating shipwreck. "We want to show that it can be done right," Gregory P. Stemm, Odyssey's chief executive, said in an interview. "It's a great opportunity."
Original Source: CNBC


text:
Q: C++ read() from ifstream: without pointers? Suppose I have a struct and a file with binary representations of those structs and I'll make a function/method that access this binary data using ifstream::read().
Here's an example struct:
struct MyStruct {
    int x; //Value interested in
    int y; //Value interested in
    int anotherInteger; //Not interested
    double aDouble; //Not interested
}

How do I make the function (I'll call it here readData) either: not using pointers when reading or, if using pointers is necessary, where would I put the proper delete?
So far, the relevant part of my readData looks like this:
void readData(int position, int &returnX, int &returnY) {
    ifstream inFile("binaryFile.dat",ios::binary);

    MyStruct *st = new MyStruct[1];

    inFile.seekg(sizeof(MyStruct)*pos);
    inFile.read((char*) st, sizeof(MyStruct));

    returnX = st[0].x;
    returnY = st[0].y;

    //delete [] st goes here?
}

I've tried uncommenting the delete part, but I get an allocation error, probably because the values of x and y are pointing to something that doesn't exist anymore.
Any ideas on how to solve this?

A: Why wouldn't you use a local variable?
void readData(int position, int &returnX, int &returnY) {
    ifstream inFile("binaryFile.dat",ios::binary);
    inFile.seekg(sizeof(MyStruct)*position);

    MyStruct st;
    inFile.read((char*) &st, sizeof(MyStruct));

    returnX = st.x;
    returnY = st.y;
}

int main() {
    int mainx, mainy;
    readData(0, mainx, mainy);
    return 0;
}

Also, references cannot be re-seated.  Therefore the assignment assigns the value to the origional int passed by the calling function.  returnX and returnY are not pointed at the local variables.  In the code above, the assignment changes mainx and mainy.

A: The simpler way it's to use a local variable:
void readData(int position, int &returnX, int &returnY) {
    ifstream inFile("binaryFile.dat",ios::binary);

    MyStruct st;

    inFile.seekg(sizeof(MyStruct)*position);
    inFile.read((char*)&st, sizeof(MyStruct));

    returnX = st.x;
    returnY = st.y;
}

A: The delete[] is fine. If you get an error, it's not because the values of x and y are pointing to something that doesn't exist anymore since their values are just integers and don't point to anything.


However, don't expect the best predictions to be accurate any time soon. Calculating ETAs is a future-prediction problem, and traffic, while it follows certain patterns, is inherently unpredictable. Even if you had complete knowledge of current traffic conditions and known changes (eg roadworks starting or a football match finishing), there's nothing that can predict a crash or a slow truck changing route.
Another way to Google Maps calculate your ETA?
Apart from that it also takes the data from some satellite sources wherever possible.


Our Victoria accommodations are Canada Select 4 Star rated with modern self-contained and well-equipped suites. Each has a private entrance, kitchenette, BBQ on deck, wireless internet, flat-screen TV with Netflix, CD player, board games and other amenities to ensure your stay is relaxing and memorable.
For your culinary pleasure, the suites have fully equipped kitchens and there are BBQ areas for cooking fresh caught seafood on one of our sailing trip adventures. Guests often meet here in the summer's eve to exchange stories. There are also available kayaks, crabbing and fishing gear, beach toys and sand buckets for children, and bikes for touring.
This suite sleeps 4 - it has a pillow-top queen bed and a single bed. There's a pull-out in the living room. The suite has a private entrance and patio with BBQ. Flat-screen TV with Netflix, WiFi and a gas fireplace. There's a private bathroom with rain shower-head and a full gourmet stainless-steel kitchen.
This large suite is great for families, sleeping up to five people. It has two bedrooms, each with a queen bed, and there's a day bed in the living room. Flat-screen TV with Netflix, WiFi. The suite has a private entrance, BBQ, bath, deck and full kitchen.
Select one of our two well-equipped suites for your accommodation in Sidney BC.
All rates are based on double occupancy. For each extra person add $25 per person per night for nightly stays (Kingfisher only). Two nights minimum stay.
Rates are quoted in Canadian Dollars and exclusive of tax. They are subject to change.
Longer-term (monthly) winter vacation rentals are available - minimum reservation stays apply.
1st November to 31st March we specialise in long-term rentals.
Credit Cards - a Visa or MasterCard number is required to secure your reservation.
Public holidays – a minimum stay may apply; please enquire.
Cancellation policy for nightly stays - Corbett House guests will not be charged if cancellation is received 14 days prior to arrival. Cancellations received less than 14 days prior to arrival will result in total stay charges.
Cancellation policy for monthly stays - cancellation to be 60 days prior to arrival to avoid loss of deposit.
"What a beautiful, comfortable, spotlessly clean suite." Lin & John, England.
"Well, from what was supposed to be "one or two nights", it turned into an incredible 4 nights at this great place. Thank you so much, Darren, for making us feel so comfortable here that we didn't want to leave." Randy & Lori, Leduc, Alberta.
"What a great little apartment you have here. We felt right at home. You have thought of everything. See you again."Carol & Stan, Oakville, ON.
"Stayed 3 nights, would stay here again no problem" Kim & Tracy.
© Corbett Guest House accommodations - now in our 12th year.


text:
NYC officer shot to death in command post trailer
NEW YORK (AP) — A police officer was shot to death early Wednesday, ambushed inside a command post RV by an ex-convict who had ranted online about his treatment in prison and about police getting away with killing people, authorities said. The gunman was killed by officers about a block away.
Miosotis Familia, a 12-year member of the New York Police Department, was writing in her notebook in the front seat when the gunman strode up to the vehicle in a Bronx neighborhood around 12:30 a.m. and fired one round through the passenger-side window, striking her in the head, authorities said.
"PO Miosotis Familia has been assassinated in an unprovoked attack on cops assigned to keep NYers safe," Police Commissioner James O'Neill tweeted.
Her partner radioed frantically for help, and police caught up to 34-year-old Alexander Bonds, who was gunned down after pulling a revolver, police said. A bystander was hit in the abdomen by a bullet and was in stable condition.
Witness Jay Marzelli told the Daily News said he was getting a sandwich at a bodega and thought the shots were Fourth of July fireworks at first.
"All of a sudden there was all this running and stuff going on, and I look out, probably 40, 50, 60 cops screaming, 'Call a paramedic, clear the block!'" he said. "It looked like there was a riot going on, and two seconds later I hear gunshots, 'Bam, bam.'"
Familia, 48, had been stationed in the mobile command post, which is used during major events and in high-crime areas. She had been writing in her memo book, in which officers record their shift activity, when Bonds walked up.
Bonds, who also went by the name John Bonds, was sentenced to six years in Attica prison on an armed robbery case in Syracuse and had been paroled in 2013. He had other prior arrests, including one in 2001, when as a 15-year-old he was accused of attacking an officer with brass knuckles.
Alex Bonds, also known as John Bonds, is seen in a mugshot from the New York State Department of Corrections.
In a video posted on Facebook in September, the Bronx man ranted about the treatment of civilians by officers and talked about how hard life was behind bars.
"Don't think every brother, cousin, uncle you got that get killed in jail is because of a Blood or Crip or Latin King killing them. Nah, police be killing them and saying that an inmate killed them," he said in the video.
At another point, he said into the camera: "I'm not playing, Mr. Officer. I don't care about 100 police watching this." And: "It's time for people to rise up."
Aside from the police rant, Bonds' Facebook page mostly consisted of inspirational quotes and quizzes.
Police said they were trying to identify the motive for the shooting.
While tensions have been running high between police and black people around the country, there was no immediate indication the killing had a racial dimension. Bonds was black; Familia was Dominican. She apparently had no previous contact with him.
The shooting recalled the 2014 ambush killings of two New York City officers who shot in their cruiser by a man who approached the passenger window. The gunman, 28-year-old Ismaaiyl Brinsley, then killed himself.
Brinsley had announced online in the moments before the shooting that he was planning to shoot two "pigs" in retaliation for the police chokehold death of Eric Garner.
In the latest shooting, Bonds was captured on video leaving a convenience store, then moving tightly along the wall, pulling his hoodie over his head and walking purposefully toward the van. The video doesn't capture the shooting but shows him running from the scene with a gun in his hand, police said.
Familia, a mother of three, including a set of twins, spent her entire NYPD career in the Bronx precinct, where she worked the midnight shift. The command post had been set up since March, following a triple shooting, and was manned around the clock.
"She was on duty serving this city, protecting people, doing what she believed in and doing the job she loved," Mayor Bill de Blasio said at the hospital before Familia died. "And after this shocking and sudden attack, her fellow officers came to her aid immediately."
Officers stood at attention and saluted as an ambulance carrying Familia's body left the hospital.
Associated Press writers Jennifer Peltz, Tom Hays and Karen Matthews in New York contributed to this report.
Categories: Associated Press, CNN, News, US, World
Tags: Bronx, Crime, Miosotis Familia, New York Police Department


Azealia Banks photo by Christian Bertrand licensed under Shutterstock. All rights reserved.
One of the most problematic aspects of African Traditional Religion is the use of animal sacrifice. It's a complicated problem, and as someone who was a vegetarian for years I applaud everyone who works for animal rights. Ironically some of the most devoted practitioners I know are also animal lovers, while some of the most vocal people arguing against animal sacrifice have done so while using leather, and other animal products. The truth is that most sacrifice in the African Traditional Religions of Haitian Vodou, Santeria/Lucumi, and New Orleans Voodoo is done quickly and respectfully. The killing of the animals in the religion is mostly employed with much more humane than most practices used by the commercial meat industry.
And time to put death spells on cops who kill innocent civilians and think they can get away with it….. OKURRRRRR?!
Immediately people began to respond on twitter with calls to the ancient magicks and the ancestors. People called Azealia a racist, and some Wiccans even chimed in with the three fold law. This isn't the only magickal controversy that Banks has found herself entangled in. Some time ago she caught the attention of the public with a social media post that showed a room in her home covered in animal blood and ritual items. Individuals on both sides of the issue responded loudly.
With this most recent post, however I truly think Azealia Banks has a valid point. While some adopt humane practices, the agricultural industry is still home to some cruel practices. Nowadays it also seems that both the mainstream news and social media is full of animal abusers who don't get the sentences they deserve. Wouldn't it be better for people to focus their animal rights efforts on these areas ? Wouldn't it be more useful for them to concentrate on companion animals in shelters who need assistance? Sacrifice in African Traditional Religions are carried out with much sacredness and care. I've had more than one elder in the tradition tell me that in order to perform sacrifice you need to be willing to give your own life as a sacrifice if necessary. I often asked people opposed to animal sacrifice if they are also against the use of animal products for life saving medicines and procedures. Would they deny a loved one necessary medicine if it came from a chicken or other animal ? Magick is medicine, used to heal important elements of someone's life. I know it is difficult for some to understand, but these are the beliefs.
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text:
Projects and Trips
Postponed: Family Trip | Panama: Community Hostel
Isla San Cristobal, Panama
Add a summary of the status of this project when complete
Blair Family
Raised: $
About Our Project Partner
This is our 6th project with our local partner, Give and Surf.
Give & Surf is a locally embedded non-profit organization of volunteers providing sustainable empowerment to indigenous communities in the greater Bocas del Toro area. They focus on community development and increasing access to education.
About Panama
Panama is a central American country with coastlines on both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean - forming a land bridge connecting North and South America. It controls the Panama Canal that links these oceans and is one of the most important shipping routes in the world.The indigenous meaning of the word Panama is "abundance of fish." The name reflects the incredibly diverse flora and fauna of the country that includes over 900 different bird species, and more than 10,000 different plants species, Animals include monkeys, opossums and sloths.
We will be staying in Bocas del Toro, full of colorful, Caribbean-style clapboard houses and our main hub. Seven islands comprise the land area, with "Bocas Town" the regional capital. Travel between the islands is by water taxi, and how we will travel between Bocas Town and Isla San Cristobal.
About the Trip
Lodging: Bed & Breakfast, rooms with private bathrooms, and fans
Remote/Not remote: Not remote - close to local shops, restaurants and general tourist opportunities
Food: Traditional diet consists mostly of rice, vegetables, chicken and fruit
To get there: International flight into Panama City International (PTY), taxi across Panama City to domestic flight PAC to BOC on Air Panama.
Additional Trip Activities
Surfing or snorkeling
Jungle hike
Wizard beach and organic chocolate farm
Starfish beach
Freetime options: ziplining, bicycling, scuba diving
Special to the Chronicle
Surfers' Helping Hands Impact Beach Communities
More Ways to be Involved
Join Us on a Trip Support a Volunteer


I know its been a long time coming.
So here it is, whew!
I went hiking for the first time in my life, and this was huge for me.
Firstly, I'm so sacred of heights! My first airborne transport journey wasn't any easy, (I'll share that later) so it happens with heights. I literally prayed to God for this one, for help, in my widest dream never thought I'll ever go hiking but I did thanjs to my college friends!
I left out a silent gaseous release from my bowels, I perceived it and it didn't disappoint me, so I knew it won't embarrass me. You have paid the 1k, I said to myself don't let it waste o, after all they said you can stay at the entrance of the mountain so don't worry. I smiled to that affirmation, not knowing what lay ahead.
"Are you for the hiking?", a man asked when we approached our destination. I noticed my water poured on Portia's car mat, kai, maybe this is a sign, take your things and go back home, but I couldnt retire in defeat. I had come and I was going to see the end of it all.
We got to the feet of the mountain and as I looked up I knew I was definitely making a wrong bold move. I swallowed my fear and followed. A mountain climber had come down to help us up, and I was thankful because Portia had gone ahead of me I couldn't even see her break light, how could she be so fast and betraying! To have left me all by myself. I beckoned to tge other ladies who had come minutes after us and I got a very polite "agba", they didn't want to yab me at the same time they did, I'm sure they'd be like – see this girl o, me that I have not finished holding myself I would now add your fat body to mine!
I got to a point where the mountain climber left me with some hot dudes!
Not just one or two but three heavy macho black niggas worthy of being a companion. In my heart there was this leap of joy…. I weighed them with my eyes just incase I fall, let me be sure they can deliver; 6 packs fit check, strong check, energetic check, willing to help check; okay that settles it! I told myself I wouldn't move an inch from their sight, no way!
They really helped me a lot, especially this one dude – he was so helpful ehn that I wanted to give him a big warm hug after jumping and telling him to carry me all the way 😂😂😂. Nonsense girl!!!
My eyes started rilling and my tummy started acting funny, this was the time I knew I might embarrass myself. I held onto a stick as I was told it helped and tries to puke but it was fruitless, thank heavens.
The guys broke out into a conversation, apparently they were connected somehow, and they talked well enough for me to forget my fears then I joined in about my university but that was it, I couldn't go further as I was reminded of my fears.
We reached a certain height where I thought was our final destination because I saw two fat ladies taking a selfie. I was excited, so I asked and my fears were once again reconfirmed – the mountain top was still up ahead.
I felt helpless…. I just allowed myself to be helped, I wasn't gonna do any feminist thing here, I'm strong yes, bold yes, fierce erm yes, not too fierce though but on this mountain these dudes gotta help me out. As we approached the top, I saw my people – the ladies i was supposed to start this journey with, I saw Portia teaching yoga, aah Portia you left me abi? She's like what is she supposed to do. I'm like how did you even move so fast…….
I looked back in shock – you say? Like I just reached here, I've not even taking a selfie not to talk of a picture. At this point I had left tue dudes that saved my arse and ran over to gist with the girls, kai, I need to go back to them o because I've been told that coming down is more intense that going up….
And so we started down, and you know I was the "second to the last" lady that made it down, if that's any consolation!
I almost fell! I looked up from the top, my fears won't let me appreciate the sight but it was beautiful….
It was a fun experience I would never forget because it taught me a lot about approaching the fears and conquering them.
So would I like to go hiking again? You already know!
My next fun adventure task would be to ride on a power bike…. My help during the climb has one, I might just volunteer for a tour!


Rent Villa Majapahit Raj in Sanur From Bali Luxury Villas!
The Majapahit Beach Villas complex is comprised of of 4 x 3-bedroom Boutique villas resting beside a glistening black sand beaches of Bali's south-eastern coast. The complex includes 2 absolute beachfront villas, complete with swimming pool and a lush tropical garden that extends directly onto a private 14-metre beachside buff with timber decking. 2 ocean view villas are also located on the site, with identical floorplans, services, and amenities.
The Majapahit Villas are located in Ketewell. This beachfront area is uniquely Bali, with volcanic black sand beaches and fishing praus. The villas enjoy unobstructed views over the sea towards Lembongan island and a relaxing calm missing from the hustle and bustle of the Seminyak and Sanur areas. The location is almost equal distance from Kuta and Ubud and the traditional and picturesque villages of Celuk and Batubulan are only 5 minutes away. It is just 35 minutes from the airport, 30 minutes from Seminyak and only 10 minutes from Sanur and the Sanur Golf. Majapahit is both a trend setter and a delicious treat for those looking for something different.
All four 3 bedroom villas are designed and built in a way that can be rented either as two 6 bedroom villas with 2 swimming pools or either as a complex of 12 bedrooms for weddings or other events as an estate of 12 bedrooms with 4 swimming pools. The Villas are fully staffed and include a resident chef who specializes in Asian fusion cuisine.
This beach-view two-storey villa is characterised by a walled garden featuring a 14 x 4 metre lap pool, which is 1.8 metres in depth and lined with green Java stone. A massage pavilion rests at one end of the pool and a balé bengong (relaxation pavilion) is located in one corner of the garden, together with an outdoor shower, sun-loungers, timeworn stone-carvings, terracotta carved wall panels, palms, sweet scented frangipani trees and coastal shrubs and plants. A walled pathway leads from the garden to a sliding door, which provides access to a 13-metre, beachside buff with timber decking and wooden steps leading down to the beach. This area is shared between guests staying at Villa Raj and the next-door Villa Nataraja. This is the place to chill out beneath the tall coconut palms and gaze at the graceful kites scattered throughout the sky, or watch both the sunrise and the sunset create a warm pink glow across the mysterious, towering, sea-cliffs of Nusa Penida Island.
The semi-open air living and dining area at Villa Raj borders the swimming pool. Open at each end, equipped with bamboo blinds and cooled by ceiling fans, this is tropical living at its very best. A Jacuzzi extends into the living space and overflows into the pool creating an attractive waterfall feature. Hi-fi system with surround sound is provided for the entertainment of the guests, and wireless high speed Internet access allows guests to send and receive their e-mails inside the villa or beside the pool, in the garden or on the beach. The contemporary furniture is set off by a myriad of textures from smooth white Palimanan stone to carved antique doors framed by dark grey volcanic rock. Impressive local artwork adorns the walls, harmonized with primitive artifacts. A rustic coffee table, and comfortable sofas and chairs, are complemented by richly colored silk cushions, together with a woven rattan and wood-skin mat resting upon the Merbau wood floor. A striking feature is the curved floating staircase, fashioned in richly patterned wood and supported by eight columns. The open plan dining area is furnishing with a table for eight and overlooks a lotus pond. The pond is traversed by stepping stones that lead through a pebbled courtyard to the fully equipped service kitchen where the staff will prepare delicious meals. Every need of the guests has been considered, and a particularly thoughtful touch is the provision of a barbeque. A series of wide stone pillars create a partition, for privacy, between the kitchen and the living and dining area.
The air-conditioned master suite, complete with en-suite bathroom and wide balcony, covers the whole of the upper floor under a soaring pitched roof. A king size bed is made up with top quality linens and a red and black Chinese silk bedcover. Rich drapes frame the windows, local paras stone bricks form a wall behind the bed, old photographs enhance the decor, and a wooden cabinet houses a satellite TV, DVD and CD player. Glass doors and fly screens open out onto a timber balcony deck commanding breathtaking views of the coastline and ocean. The en-suite bathroom comprises two mirrored dressing rooms with ample storage space, together with two separate washing areas linked by a covered balcony walkway. This clever design allows the dressing rooms and bathroom to be accessed by two different doors from the bedroom, and the walkway is enclosed with fretwork wooden walls, which allow the cool breezes to permeate. One of the grey terrazzo-floored bathroom areas features a black terrazzo corner bathtub and twin washbasins. The other area features a shower, toilet and washbasin.
The two guest suites air-conditioned bedrooms are located downstairs and are mirror images of each other, each with en-suite state of art bathroom with lava stone walls and floor, satellite TV, DVD and CD player. Glass doors and fly screens in each room open onto a personal terrace furnished with daybeds, and a dressing area is located behind the bed. Each garden bathroom features 'his 'n' hers' washbasins, toilet, and a black terrazzo sunken bathtub and shower, bordered by plants, together with a three-tiered running water feature, and a wall for privacy.
30 minutes (7.2 km) drive to Sanur Center, 70 minutes (17.1 km) drive to Seminyak Night Life, 75 minutes (18.6 km) drive to Bali's Ngurah Rai International Airport.