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Music in the Round #77
Kalman Rubinson | Mar 7, 2016
With the atomization of the playback of digital files into storage, servers, streamers, format converters, and DACs, I find that I've accumulated many miniature power supplies: small pods and wall warts. Most of these are generic switching devices made by companies other than the manufacturers of the components they power, and even those not designed for audio systems are, of necessity, at least adequate for the task. Because many of these supplies are indistinguishable from each other, I've taken to labeling them with sticky notes to remind me which goes with which component. Nonetheless, I'm concerned that they're no more than the commodity power modules available for a few bucks each on eBay. Whenever I think of the four or five of them clustered behind my equipment rack, I begin to suspect them of plotting revolt against the fancy gear they serve.
So I was immediately attracted by a press release from iFi Audio about their iPower power supplies for audio components. First, iFi claims that they produce very little noise. Second, they're compact wall warts—ie, each is contained in an enlarged plug housing, which eliminates the needs for a separate power cord and a place to hide the wart. Third, they're not pricey for an audiophile tweak: just $49 apiece. iFi promised a range of warts, with outputs of 5, 9, 12, and 15V, each with a different current capability. I ordered the 5V and 12V models. Months passed before they arrived, but at last I can tell you about them.
Each iFi iPower supply is a small module with an AC power connector on one end and, on the other, a captive DC cable 2m long. The AC end accepts any of four AC plugs (supplied), so that the iPower can be used almost anywhere 100–240VAC is available. The DC cable is terminated in a 5.5 by 2.1mm DC connector, but again, iFi supplies adapters for an addition three sizes—3.5 by 1.35mm, 4.0 by 1.7mm, and 5.5 by 2.5mm—along with a polarity inverter for devices requiring a center-negative supply.
The iPowers are not linear supplies but, like the cheapies, switched-mode devices. iFi claims for them an average audioband noise floor of less than 1µV, as the result of active noise cancellation and a 12-element noise-suppression circuit. That claim, which iFi suggests is supported by their in-house test results, is lower than that for iFi's previous AC/DC adapters, and even lower than is claimed for most audiophile linear power supplies. Judging from the range of available iPower models, it appears that all are basically 13W switch-mode power supply (SMPS) converters, with the selected output voltage defining the current output.
I used the 5V iPower with miniDSP's U-DAC8 DAC and, using the 5.5 by 2.5mm adapter, the 12V model with the exaSound e28. iFi rates the 5V iPower at 2.1A, though my sample was labeled "2.5A"; it's slightly heavier and about a third larger than miniDSP's stock supply, which is rated at 2.0A. The 12V iPower is rated at 1.1A, which I had thought should be sufficient for the exaSound, even though the e28's stock supply has greater output, and is larger and heavier.
In the case of the miniDSP DAC, the iPower fulfilled iFi's promise. When I switched over from the stock supply, the DAC didn't seem quieter when there was no audio signal, but that's not the real test. Recordings with open, ambient soundstages sounded cleaner, and both instrumental and vocal music was more distinct. This was no major change that struck me every time I listened, but it did make all of my listening much more relaxing—perhaps because, subliminally, it required less effort to attend to individual sounds, particularly those far back on the soundstage. That the stock U-DAC8 is capable of better sound when supported by better ancillaries was revealed by the iFi iPower, as well as by UpTone Audio's USB Regen accessory. Would replacing the Regen's supply with a 9V iPower improve the sound even more? I plan to answer that question ASAP.
With the exaSound e28 DAC, the results were a bit different. The 12V iPower was at a power disadvantage here compared with the e28's stock switching supply (which is capable of providing greater current) and even more with my home-brew battery supply (ditto). exaSound's George Klissarov has maintained that the e28's sound is mostly independent of changes in power supplies, and what I've heard supports him. The insertion of the iPower made little difference compared to either the stock supply or my battery arrangement, but it was smaller and less cumbersome than the former, and cheaper and simpler than the latter. That said, it appears that the 12V iPower actually wasn't enough for the e28: Although the sound was fine, the iFi failed after a few weeks. In my judgment, that is no blot on the iPower, but the result of my using it inappropriately. My bad.
Bottom line: iFi Audio's iPower supplies are options that should appeal to anyone who suspects that a stock wall wart is less than optimal—as long as one is aware of the current required. The models I tried helped clean up the tangle of cables and supplies behind my rack, and performed well when used judiciously. Where the iPower's low noise could help, it did; where it didn't, there was reduced clutter with no harm to the sound. I intend to keep a suite of them on hand.
Merging Technologies NADAC Multichannel-8 DAC
For some years now, the Swiss company Merging Technologies has been at the fore of high-resolution technologies for recording studios. Their digital-audio workstation (DAW) software, such as the Pyramix Virtual Studio and Ovation Media Sequencer, are capable of up to DSD256 and DXD, and have been adopted by cutting-edge recordists and studios worldwide. The backbone of the Pyramix and Ovation packages is their adoption of Ravenna IP Audio technology, an Ethernet-based subset of the AES67 Audio over Internet Protocol (AoIP), which permits the precisely timed, error-free transfer of audio data among multiple devices, regardless of the number of participating devices. Although this is essential to large studio operations, it's also desirable for home networks with multiple zones, as it can accommodate access to all resources from multiple zones. With Ravenna as the native connection technology, runs of Cat5e and Cat6 cable can be as long as 100 meters.
More recently, Merging Technologies introduced the Horus and the Hapi, two Ravenna-powered networked audio interfaces—hardware amenable to a number of chores, including D/A and A/D conversion—aimed at professional users. And in October 2015, at the Rocky Mountain Audio Fest, Merging Technologies introduced a pair of Ravenna-compatible products designed for the consumer market: the Merging+NADAC Stereo ($10,500) and Merging+NADAC Multichannel-8 ($11,500) DACs. As NADAC stands for Network Attached Digital to Analogue Converter, these products should be judged not only for their performance as DACs but also for their networking capabilities.
At 17" wide by 3.7" high by 17" deep and weighing 24.2 lbs, the NADAC Multichannel-8 is one of the largest, heaviest DACs I have ever used. Unpacking it recalled my first sight of Theta Digital's awesome Generation VIII DAC, which I reviewed for the February 2004 issue. But while the NADAC is more expensive (though not in 2004 dollars), it's also more graceful and intelligent—and, most important, it has more than two channels!
It may seem strange that the difference in price between the two- and eight-channel NADACs is so small, but other than the latter's six additional output amplifiers and six more pairs of analog output jacks, the two models are almost identical. Both use an ESS9008S Sabre Reference Audio DAC chip with eight DACs, but the Stereo has four D/A outputs per channel, summed to provide better linearity, greater dynamic range, and a lower noise floor. (The Multichannel-8 can be switched to work in precisely the same manner, as Stereo DAC.) In both NADACs, the headphone output has its own converter IC.
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Class-D amp history
Submitted by PaulMG on March 8, 2016 - 4:11am
It seems that finally class-D technology can outperform low efficient class-A circuit designs. That would be a real innovation compared to mere pseudo-innovations or chassis-styling 'innovations' for amplifier designs. How would you classify the Equibit technology introduced by TacT Audio in their Millenium amplifier. Is the topology comparable with Ncore?
I have not used an Equibit
Submitted by Kal Rubinson on March 8, 2016 - 7:00am
I have not used an Equibit-based amp although it has been around for almost 2 decades. Stereophile has some older reports posted on this site.
Wall warts...
Submitted by Frans on March 8, 2016 - 10:47am
Interesting approach. I too have a host of these terrible little wall warts and I have taken to using short pigtail extensions to plugging multiples into the same 6-outlet wall socket because they would never fit together. I end up with a droopy mess... What I really need is a single device that replaces multiple wall warts (switchable voltage per device). Then add the lower noise and other benefits and I would be highly interested. As such there is little incentive to do this one at a time except for very specific devices.
Getting Switched
Submitted by IgAK on March 9, 2016 - 5:30pm
Kalman,
No need to "suspect them of plotting revolt"...because if you are using switchers, your noise floor is already under attack and it is too late for suspicion. While iFi's superior filtering is apparently working to your benefit as per your results, that is only half the story. There's the noise switchers output on the cable, and there's the RF noise they broadcast like a radio station directly to all your components nearby them. How sensitive or shielded those components are and how much a particular switching wart puts out as over the air RF varies but we certainly know that RF just is not a good thing around audio! Always best to just keep switching warts well away from your system, and the cheap generics in particular. This is a problem that linear supplies and battery ones just do not have, one of their advantages. Getting "switched" tends to leave bruises, maybe not quite like getting "caned", but not good for your listening experience, anyway.
Perhaps there's a need...
Submitted by IgAK on March 10, 2016 - 11:27am
...for a new style of power strip/filter/conditioner. One that is a shielding box with widely spaced outlets *inside* to specifically accommodate wall warts, and a small aperture for leading out the output wires. Add Ferrites to the aperture lip for automatic output RF filtering. Filter the incoming power, of course - not so much for the warts as to keep their grunge out of the house power. Should be long and narrow to best fit behind one's equipment. Preferably not astronomically priced. Wall warts are an unavoidable fact of audiophile life nowadays so I suspect that pretty much everyone can benefit from such an item.
Ok, I've spelled out the basic design, and it is not one I am set up to manufacture among my other items that I do. Any one watching these comments that can take up a good idea and run with it?
Switchers don't have to be noisy
Submitted by techdiy on March 23, 2016 - 7:50am
A dozen years ago Linear Technologies introduced their line of quiet switching regulators -- unlike conventional switching supply methodologies these "switch" through the linear portion of the conduction curve, rather than quickly transitioning to saturation. (Controlled slew rate switching) It is the very rapid di/dt of conventional switching regulators which causes spikes of radiated energy. Take a look at the LT3439 data sheet.
But how does it compare to...
Submitted by marcelk on August 25, 2016 - 9:27pm
Kal, thanks for the insightful review.
One thing that I'm curious about: how does this DAC compare to a Merging Hapi with the DA8P card (with some DB25-to-XLR cables thrown in)? I understand that the case looks very different, but it would be interesting how the two match up sonically.
Music in the Round #100: Multichannel & Merging Anubis
Music in the Round #99: Revel & exaSound
Music in the Round #98: Trinnov Altitude 32 & Essence Evolve II-4K
Music in the Round #97: Hegel C53 and DSPeaker Anti-Mode X4
Music in the Round #96: Roon & Dolby Atmos
Music in the Round #95: Wolf & NAD
Music in the Round #94: Benchmark & Marantz
Music in the Round #93: miniDSP & Ripping SACDs
Music in the Round #92: Digibit Aria Piccolo +
Music in the Round #91: Parasound Halo A 52+
Music in the Round #90: Merging+Player PL8
Music in the Round #88: SPL Volume 8 and SMC 7.1
Music in the Round #87: Oppo UDP-205
Music in the Round #86: Playback Designs & AudioQuest
Music in the Round #85: Nimitra, exaSound, Baetis, Roon
Music in the Round #84: Multichannel MQA


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Q: Why my git commit -a is still showing file in untracked in my workspace As given below - I have committed the file from my workspace using -a option in the branch RB-1.1 but it seems to be still in untracked status.
Please suggest -
kumar113@sony MINGW64 ~/Documents/Hera_GitLab/testproject-for-hera (RB-1.1)
$ git commit -a -m "added pyhton file"
On branch RB-1.1
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        apqr_read.py

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

kumar113@sony MINGW64 ~/Documents/Hera_GitLab/testproject-for-hera (RB-1.1)
$ git status
On branch RB-1.1
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        apqr_read.py

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

A: You Can't Commit Untrack files directly with git commit -a -m "added pyhton file".
for that you must use git add <file_name> and then you need to commit.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am a software engineer with experience in machine learning, backend development, and devops.
Expertise in Go, Python, C++, Java development. Experience with cluster management and CI/CD with ansible, jenkins, kubernetes. Knowledge of Apache software. Experience with tensorflow, pytorch, and keras.
I am looking for a position where I can focus on Go/Python development along with devops duties. I have special interest in distributed systems applications and cyber security.
I am open to remote work and have experience properly integrating with a team as such. Physical location I would like to work Indiana, Illinois, or California.


Steven E. Schier is Dorothy H. and Edward C. Congdon Professor of Political Science at Carleton College, where he has taught the last thirty years. He also directs the Carleton in Washington program, an off-campus term of study he founded in 1983. Schier is the author or co-author of seven books, including Panorama of a Presidency: How George W. Bush Acquired and Spent His Political Capital (2008) which won an "outstanding academic book" award from Choice magazine. He has edited six books, including The Postmodern President: Bill Clinton's Legacy in U.S. Politics (2000) and High Risk and Big Ambition: The Presidency of George W. Bush (2004). Schier has written about Obama's election in his recent book The American Elections of 2008 (2008), coedited with Janet Box-Steffensmeier. His most recent works are the edited volumes Ambition and Division: Legacies of the George W. Bush Presidency (2009),Transforming America: Barack Obama in the White House (2011) and the thirteenth edition of Presidential Elections: Strategies and Structures of American Politics, coauthored with Nelson W. Polsby, Aaron Wildavsky and David A. Hopkins (2011).
Todd Eberly is Chair of the Political Science at St. Mary's College of Maryland. He specializes in social welfare policy as well as partisanship and polarization in American politics. Professor Eberly's first book, American Government and Popular Discontent was released in June, 2013. His second book, The Rise of Ideology in America, is expected from Rowman and Littlefield in early 2016. He is an advisor to Project Vote Smart and his analysis and commentary have been featured in the Washington Post, the Baltimore Sun, Public Radio/Television, ABC and Fox News as well as Al Jazeera America and CTV. He has served as an expert witness in Voting Rights Act challenges to gerrymandered Congressional districts and has consulted with the centrist organization Third Way. He was named one of the most influential voices in Maryland politics by Campaigns and Elections magazine. In 2010, the St. Mary's College Student Government Association honored him with the Faculty Student Life Award. He lives in Southern MD with his wife and two daughters.
"While various analysts have described and explained party sorting—the growing relationship between partisanship and ideology—Schier and Eberly advance the discussion via a nuanced and thoughtful tracing of the consequences of party sorting for the operation of our national institutions."
"In one thoughtful, approachable, and concise book, Steven Schier and Todd Eberly have concisely summarized what we know about party polarization. It is a great introduction to the most important trend of the last 40 years in American politics. Through engaging political stories, dissecting election returns, and analyzing political science, the reader will walk away with a profound understanding of what caused party polarization, what it has effected, and what can be done about it. Their provocative conclusion will be a great conversation starter in the classroom, over the dinner table, or at the water cooler."
From campus protests to the Congress floor, the central feature of contemporary American politics is ideological polarization. In this concise, readable, but comprehensive text, Steven E. Schier and Todd E. Eberly introduce students to this contentious subject through an in-depth look at the ideological foundations of the contemporary American political machine of parties, politicians, the media, and the public. Beginning with a redefinition of contemporary liberalism and conservatism, the authors develop a comprehensive examination of ideology in all branches of American national and state governments. Investigations into ideologies reveal a seeming paradox of a representative political system defined by ever growing divisions and a public that continues to describe itself as politically moderate. The work's breadth makes it a good candidate for a course introducing American politics, while its institutional focus makes it suitable for adoption in more advanced courses on Congress, the Presidency, the courts or political parties.


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Persone
 Amber Hearn (1984) – calciatrice neozelandese
 Ann Hearn (1953) – attrice statunitense
 Chick Hearn (1916-2002) – telecronista sportivo statunitense
 Edward Hearn (1888-1963) – attore statunitense
 George Hearn (attore) (1934) – attore e baritono statunitense
 George A. Hearn (1835-1913) – collezionista d'arte e commerciante statunitense
 James Hearn (1976) – cantautore britannico
 Jeff Hearn (1947) – sociologo britannico
 Lacey Hearn (1881-1969) – mezzofondista statunitense
 Lafcadio Hearn (1850-1904) – giornalista e scrittore irlandese naturalizzato giapponese
 Mike O'Hearn (1969) – culturista, attore, modello e artista marziale statunitense
 Milton Hearn (1943) – chimico australiano
 Reggie Hearn (1991) – cestista statunitense

Altro
 Museo memoriale Lafcadio Hearn – museo della città di Matsue, Giappone

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Commercial window tinting provides privacy as well as protection for your office valuables. Professionally installed commercial window tint blocks infrared rays (IR rays) which cause heat and shield harmful UVA and UVB rays that are known to generate cancer, melanoma, cataracts and eye degenerative diseases. Prevent the damaging of interior furnishings, expensive equipment and computers from over exposure to the sun by having your commercial space upgraded with professionally installed window tint solutions from Sun Stoppers.


text:
Q: Choosing a branch for $\log$ when comparing $\prod_{n=1}^\infty(1+a_n)$ and $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \log{(1+a_n)}$ On Ahlfors on p. 191 he is talking about the relation between $\prod_{n=1}^\infty (1+a_n)$ and $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \log(1+a_n)$. He says:
Since the $a_n$ are complex, we must agree on a definite branch of the logarithms, and we decide to choose the principal branch in each term.
He makes no mention of the possibility that one of the terms might lie on the negative real axis. What then?

A: Since a necessary condition for the product to converge is that the factors converge to $1$, when testing the convergence of $\prod\limits_{n=1}^\infty(1+a_n)$, we can assume that $a_n \to 0$, otherwise the product is trivially divergent. So for all but finitely many terms we have $\lvert a_n\rvert < 1$, and then $\operatorname{Re} 1+a_n > 0$, so we can use the principal branch of the logarithm for these. The finitely many terms of the product where $\operatorname{Re} 1+ a_n \leqslant 0$ don't influence the convergence of the product (only the value it converges to, if it converges), so they can be ignored for the purpose. The terms with $a_n = -1$ must be removed from the product (and corresponding logarithm sum) when considering convergence, the terms with $a_n < -1$ could be retained, with an arbitrary choice of the logarithm for these finitely many terms, but it's simpler to also exclude them (but it would have been better to be explicit about that).


text:
Q: Which Java framework would you recommend for NLP and decision making?
Possible Duplicate:
Is there a good natural language processing library

I'm starting a hobby project where the goal is to create a to-do application that would use some form of AI to give suggestions and help plan time.
Since I'm a complete beginner in the AI field, I was hoping if you could point me to some resource or Java library (the application will be a Java web application) to get me started.
Some of the possible scenarios would be

*

*Finding tasks with some common nature and make suggestions to group them

*Trying to classify which "kinds" of items are done first

*Identify people or tasks even when not explicitly mentioned

I'm aware I need to catch up on some literature on the field, but at moment I'm lost at what may be the best topic to search for this information (decision making? NLP? ML?)
Many thanks

A: You can try this framework: The Stanford Natural Language Processing Group's Stanford CoreNLP. More info Here. It comes under GNU licensing, you can find more information on that link


When it comes to luxury sailing yachts, few will match the CNB 76.
The CNB 76 was making waves at the Cannes Boat Show, where we shot this First Look Video. In it, you can get a look at how this sailing yacht makes amazing use of space and design. Despite a sleek, flush deck, the interior has plenty of headroom and plenty of living area. There's even a panoramic view, from inside the saloon. That may sound impossible, but it's true - check out the video, to see how CNB gets it done, and take a trip through this boat's cabins.
The CNB 76 has a flush sleek deck but plenty of interior living space.


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Former NSW coach 'feels sorry' for Pearce
Former NSW coach Ricky Stuart says halfback Mitchell Pearce unfairly copped the brunt for failing to lead the Blues to victories against the greatest State of Origin team ever assembled.
Pearce has been recalled for the Origin decider on Wednesday, getting his shot at redemption after being the scapegoat for seven losing series.
Stuart believes the Queensland side which won eight straight shields between 2006 and 2013 will never be repeated, and Pearce shouldn't be held solely responsible for the losses.
"We don't have to worry about Mitch winning the game for us (on Wednesday), but he'll have a big hand in it if we do win the game," Stuart told NRL 360.
"I feel sorry for Mitch, he's copped a lot of criticism over the years. Basically, he's the one that has had to carry the load of us losing a lot of Origin games against, well you'll never ever seen a greater Origin era or period or team than the one he had to play against.
"There were a number of series there we were winning but then (didn't) and Mitch has to carry the burden of that.
"But he's copped it, he's quite a resilient kid and toughed it out and got his opportunity again, and is playing against a completely different Queensland team on Wednesday night."
Queensland legend Cooper Cronk, who famously signed with the Sydney Roosters and forced Pearce to Newcastle last year, backed the recall of the 30-year-old.
"He has to dominate. He can't take a step back and let (five-eighth James) Maloney go, because the game needs someone to take a hold of it," Cronk said.
"Pearce is the type of player that needs to go to the game because if the game doesn't come to him, he'll end up being a foil."
The bookies have NSW at $1.38 to clinch back-to-back shields for the first time since 2005, but Stuart said you could never write off the Maroons.
"When their backs are against the wall that's when they're most dangerous," he said.
Love Island SPOILER: Ovie warns Amber that Michael will 'SHATTER' her heart if she decides to rekindle her romance with him during recoupling
Miranda set to return to TV screens for a one-off 10th anniversary special as cast are hopeful comedian 'will write more'
Lauren Goodger exhibits her hourglass curves in plunging top and leather-trimmed leggings as she leads stars at Celebs Go Dating event
Ashley James SLAMS cruel troll who tells her to 'lose some weight' after she uploads lingerie snap on Instagram
Anna Williamson displays her blossoming baby bump in a polka dot wrap dress weeks after announcing second pregnancy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of the most desirable qualities in a home is light – preferably the natural kind. To make the most of the rays streaming into your home, we've listed some ways you can enhance light and make your space shine.
MIRRORS: Strategically hang mirrors to reflect and beam the sun throughout your home, hitting even the seemingly dark corners with natural light. You may have to play around with placement before you find the wall location that maximizes brilliance, but an easy tip is to place a large mirror directly opposite a window.
CLEAN: You may be surprised by the amount of dirt that could be blocking light from traveling through your windows. Use a natural cleaning solution, such as white vinegar mixed with water, to wipe that glass clean. While you're at it, dust any lighting fixtures and lamps that could do with some care.
LAMPS: From floor to table lamps, where you direct the bulb can change the mood of a room. If your lamp has a flexible arm, rotate the shade opening to the ceiling for the greatest amount of brightness, or find a torchiere floor lamp you love.
FURNITURE: Bulky furniture gives the illusion of cramped and dark quarters. Choose open shelves and styles with less weight, such as mid-century modern. Quick trick: position bookshelves perpendicular to a window so light can flow along the shelves.
COLOUR: Energize your home with colours and patterns that complement the light or symbolize happiness. Select lighter shades of yellow, blue, pink, purple, green, or any other shade that brings a smile to your face.
METALLICS: Like mirrors, a shimmery gold or silver surface can reflect the light. Look for metallic light fixtures, decorations, or furniture.
FLOWERS: A bunch or two of these always add a dose of instant cheer.


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Country Guides / Thailand
Thailand is located in central and southern Indochina. Thai for the "free country" of Italy, also known as the yellow robed Buddha, the elephant of state. Thailand has an area of 51,310,000 sq km and a population of 63.48 million. It is home to Thai, Lao Family, and more than 30 other groups of people; it is about 40% Thai. Buddhism is the state religion, and 90% of the population believes in Buddhism. Thai is the national language, though English is widely spoken. The currency is the Baht, and the capital is Bangkok (Barlgkok).
Thailand National Flag
The flag consists of five parallel rectangular forms. From top to bottom, these are red, blue, center, blue, and on the bottom is white. White represents religion, blue is representative of royality, and red represents the power of people of all nationalities.
In 1258, Thailand started to form a more unified country. The country has gone through the Sukhothai dynasty, Ayutthaya dynasty, and Bangkok Thonburi dynasty Formerly known as Siam, in the 16th century, the Portuguese, Dutch, British and French colonialists invaded successively. In 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty, of which one of the provisions was that British Burma and Siam would be a buffer between French countries in Indochina, such that Siam became the only Southeast Asian country in history not to be colonized. In June 1932, the People's Party staged a coup, changing the absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. In 1938, the Luan Phi Timor became the ruling party, and the country was renamed the following year, in June, to Thailand.
Pattaya Beach
Pattaya is located on the east coast of the Gulf of Siam and is an internationally renowned beach resort area, said to be the "Oriental Hawaii." A 34 km-long crescent beach, fine white sand, crystal blue waters, and bright sunshine make a comfortable and relaxing holiday home. Improved tourist facilities, as well as a variety of water sports, allow visitors to be intoxicated, relaxed and happy.
Thailand is a predominantly agricultural country, a major producer of rice, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, mung bean, hemp, tobacco, coffee, cotton, palm oil, and coconut fruits. Thailand is the world's leading rice producer, exporting and earning foreign exchange. The country is Asia's third largest seafood producer and is the world's largest country for shrimp production. Thai rice is world-renowned. In addition, Thailand is second largest in the world for sugar exports and rubber production. Thailand has become a newly industrialized country, with its primary industrial sectors being mining, textiles, electronics, plastics, food processing, toys, automobile assembly, construction materials, petroleum, and chemicals.
Thailand, "the Thousand Country," is an ancient country with a 2,000 year of history of Buddhism. A Thai man must first become a novice to become a monk, mostly beginning over the age of 20 and usually lasting five months; the shortest time is seven days. The status of monks in Thailand is high. Monks hold major celebrations, have invited the monks chanting prayers. The monks do not bow to any other person. Buddhist temples in Thailand are known as "Thailand's Art Museum." The grand temples are the essence of Thai culture.
Thailand has rich and colorful folk dance. The most famous is popular in northern Thailand, called the "Nails Dance" and "Candle Dance." When in religious activities, performers of Thai classical dance often appear completely barefoot. Muay Thai is recognized as Thailand's national sport.
The country's rare and world-famous white elephant is Thailand's national animal. Each year, the third weekend in November is the Suphan game-like grand festival. Thailand's Crocodile Lake Park is the world's largest crocodile breeding center and research base, where the crocodiles may range freely.
In Thailand, customs for meeting different manners and ceremonies are as follows. When meeting friends, hold hands with the palms together to pay tribute. There are four levels of tribute. If people greet the king, hold hands above the head. If juniors greet elders, hold hands to the forehead. When equals meet, hold hands below the nose. If elders greet a junior, hands can be held to the chest.
Shemales of the music and dance of Thailand attracts tourists from around the world to come to watch. "Shemale" is actually a complex of technical means by which men appear as women. "They" perform in a number of tourist activities, dressed in colorful costumes. This Qinggemanwu is a unique landscape of Thailand. The technical means used to create this effect are in two main types: one is a female hormone injections to change their voice and appearance, supplemented by rich and gaudy makeup; the other is through a surgical sex change operation. If a shemale is in old age, his situation is more bleak.
Phuket Island is located 75 km north-east in a narrow sea, and the Gulf on both sides is of dizzying beauty. The Island is hewn by natural weathering and erosion into the Qifengyishi. The odd peaks and mountains, according to their shape, are named Lei Shan, hen mountain, chicken mountain, dog mountain, or breasts hill. Nail Hill is more than 30 meters high, a rough thin line below the water. This was the scene of a 007 movie, "Iron Golden Gun," so nails mountain is also known as the "James Bond Island." The island has a natural rock tunnel. The tunnel is only 3.3 m from the surface, with a strange stone hanging mid-air that avoids falling by some miracle. Phang Nga Bay's water holes, mountains, and stones are known by the world as a must-see.
Thailand Map
Thailand FAQs
Embassies of Thailand
Embassies in Thailand
Top Products Exported by Thailand
Top Products Imported by Thailand
Thailand Import Restrictions
Thailand Major Trade Partners
List of Thailand Airports and Abbreviations
Thailand Public Holidays 2019


Blake "Vengeance" Campbell is a retired Call of Duty player. He is most known for winning Call of Duty XP 2011 with OpTic Gaming and MLG National Championship 2011 with Quantic Nex-TT-hreat.
Vengeance substituted for Scump on OpTic Gaming for Call of Duty XP 2011 due to age restrictions.
This page was last edited on 11 November 2018, at 01:44.


Happy Monday everyone once again! Hopefully, everyone relaxed during the weekend and now has the power to go through this week with full steam! We wish extremely big wins for everyone and even bigger cashouts.
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text:
Q: Suppose $X$ is a finite set and $f : X \to X$ is a function. Then $f$ is injective if and only if $f$ is surjective. Suppose $X$ is a set and $f : X \to X$ is a function.  If $X$ is a finite set, prove that $f$ is injective if and only if $f$ is surjective.
Show that when $X$ is an infinite set, the statement is not true in general.
For that, let $X = \mathbb{R}$ and find a function $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ which is injective but not surjective, and a function $g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ which is surjective but not injective
My attempt at the first part
Suppose that the function is surjective but not injective. Let $a,b \in X$ such that $f(a)=f(b)$ but $a \not =b$. Now since this is a finite set mapping to itself then there are not enough elements in $X$ to map to $X$ since two elements were used to map to one element, thus the function can't be surjective. Therefore if the function is surjective it is also injective.
Now suppose that the function is injective but not surjective. Let $a \in X$ such that $f(b)\not =a$ for all $b \in X$. Since the function was assusmed to be injective each $a \in X$ must map to an element of $X$, thus must have two elemetns in $X$ mapping to the same element in $X$. Hence the function can't be injective, therefore if the function is injective it must be surjective.
Would an exponetial function work for injective but not surjective since can't map to negative numbers. And an example of a function that is surjective but not injective could be a log function since none of the negative numbers get mapped to anything?
Also I'm having trouble seeing why it has to be finite for the first part to work. I understand it has something to do with the pigeonhole principle but its not that clear to me.

A: Your proof is a little informal. Normally this wouldn't be a problem, but the issue is that the formal version of your "counting" argument is precisely what you wish to prove. The proof is not as simple as one would initially be lead to believe.
Let's prove the following statement. Your desired statement will follow.

Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and let $f:\{1,\ldots,n\}\to\{1,\ldots,n\}$ be a function. Then $f$ is injective iff $f$ is surjective.

Proof:
We use induction. This clearly holds whenever $n=1$. Fix $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and suppose that every function from $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ into $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ is injective iff it is surjective. Let $f:\{1,\ldots,n+1\}\to\{1,\ldots,n+1\}$ be a function.
Suppose $f$ is injective. Denote $m:=f(n+1)$, and observe that since $f$ is injective, the function $g:\{1,\ldots,n\}\to\{1,\ldots,n+1\}\setminus\{m\}$ given by $g(k)=f(k)$ is well-defined and one-to-one. Define the injection $h:\{1,\ldots,n+1\}\setminus\{m\}\to\{1,\ldots,n\}$ by
$$
h(k) = \begin{cases}
k & \text{if}\ k<m, \\
k-1 & \text{if}\ k>m.
\end{cases}
$$
Due to the fact that the composition of injective functions is injective, we have that $h\circ g:\{1,\ldots,n\}\to\{1,\ldots,n\}$ is one-to-one. By the induction hypothesis, $h\circ g$ is onto and hence $h$ is onto. Therefore $g=h^{-1}\circ(h\circ g)$ is a composition of surjective functions, which means that it is surjective. Consequently $f$ is surjective.
(I'll leave the converse to you). $\square$
As far as the examples go, the exponential function works perfectly. However, a logarithmic function doesn't work because it isn't defined on all of $\mathbb{R}$ (and it is injective). To fix this, you could define $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ by $f(x)=\ln|x|$ if $x\ne0$ and $f(0)=0$.

Edit: Actually, one can prove that this statement never holds whenever $X$ is infinite. Suppose $X$ is an infinite set. Then there is a countably infinite subset $\{d_1,d_2,\ldots\}$ of $X$. (Caution: This uses the axiom of choice.) Define $f_i,f_s:X\to X$ by
$$
f_i(x)=\begin{cases}
d_{i+1} & \text{if}\ x=d_i\ \text{for some}\ i, \\
x & \text{otherwise},
\end{cases}
\quad\text{and}\quad
f_s(x)=\begin{cases}
d_{i-1} & \text{if}\ x=d_i\ \text{for some}\ i>1, \\
x & \text{otherwise}.
\end{cases}
$$
Then $f_i$ is an injection and $f_s$ is a surjection, but neither is a bijection.

A: The idea of the proof you gave is correct, although it is written slightly informal.
An exponential function would indeed work: define $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}: x \mapsto e^x$. This function is clearly injective (it is strictly increasing), but $e^x > 0$ where $x \in \mathbb{R}$, so the mapping is not surjective.
For the other example you have to provide, define $g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}: x \mapsto x^3 - x$. Clearly, this function is not injective ($f(0) = f(1)$), but it is surjective

A: Your proof is correct. It uses pigeonhole principle. Your example of exp is also correct.
For a function to be surjective but not injective, you cannot use log, as log is not DEFINED for negative numbers. However, you can easily design a function such as $f(x) = x \sin(x)$, which is surjective, but not injective.


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Home » Arts & Entertainment » "Live. Live. Live.": #ThursdayNightswithShahum
"Live. Live. Live.": #ThursdayNightswithShahum
by Shahum Ajmal
Posted on November 22, 2017 by insiderupg in Arts & Entertainment, Television // 0 Comments
"How to Get Away with Murder" season four, episode eight (the winter finale) aired Thursday, Nov. 16.
First things first, viewer discretion is highly advised.
The episode opened with a Caplan and Gold scene showing Oliver barging into a room with Michaela, Asher, and Laurel whose faces were covered in blood.
The episode then flashed back to 24 hours prior to that scene with Connor storming over to Laurel's.
Connor was choked by Frank after putting all the blame on him.
Meanwhile, Bonnie was waiting for Annalise outside her hotel "apartment" trying to explain how much she loves her. Annalise wasn't having any of it, and even went as far in saying that she's afraid of Bonnie, and that if she doesn't leave she'll call the cops.
Bonnie then showed up to Nate's, alcohol in hand, to have a heart to heart.
Bonnie asked Nate how he got over Annalise, in which he replied saying he'll tell her when he does, as he left the room to order a pizza for the two of them.
Annalise showed up to Isaacs to tell him that she wants to continue seeing him for therapy.
Their conversation was interrupted by a call from Connor from the party. Who didn't see that coming?
Annalise was brought up to speed on the plan, and had to act fast as to how she could save them all yet again.
From this point onward, the episode had me trying my best not to blink, in order to not let a second of the action pass.
Michaela and Asher were trying to find a way to get Tegan to hand over her purse so they could steal her keycard to get access to the Antares server room.
Meanwhile, Frank was shown at Simon's downloading Antares files onto his laptop to frame him.
Simon then came up to Oliver, confessing his love for him.
Oliver being a decent human being decided the fact that Simon is a DACA recipient, and closeted gay means that they cannot follow through with the plan to frame him.
Cue, Laurel who showed up uninvited to make sure her plan was properly followed through with.
It was time for Tegan's speech, and a little advice that no man would give a speech with a purse in hand from Michaela was enough for her to hand her purse right over.
Michaela got the key card, handed it to Asher, and they both set a timer for five minutes.
Asher took the card up to Oliver and Laurel who successfully retrieved all the files they needed.
Off plan, Asher decided that Oliver should plant the key card on Simon while pretending to give him a kiss.
From this point onward, there was a lot of running around and calling.
Oliver ran downstairs to find Simon, while getting a call from Connor explaining how he told Annalise everything.
All while Annalise was leaving a voicemail on Laurel's phone offering help.
Asher, Laurel, and Michaela were in an office discussing Oliver's plan, when Simon interrupted them after overhearing everything. Laurel tried to pay him off, but instead he aggressively took her purse from her, found her gun, and began pointing it at them. Michaela tried to put a handle on the situation by calming him down. Simon backed up, tripped on a chair, and then the gun went off, giving us viewers the image of him lying on the floor with a pool of blood around him.
Asher for some reason decided to pick up the gun, as Oliver came running into the room with news about Annalise and screamed, "Oh my God" as he saw Simon on the floor.
Michaela began damage control by wiping off Laurel, and sending her on her way. She then put the key card into Simon's suit jacket, wiped the gun clean, and placed it in its original spot. Then, they called 911.
Michaela came back down to the party screaming for help and yelling about how Simon shot himself in the head. Tegan ran to her comfort, just before Michaela was able to whisper what happened to Connor telling him to go find Laurel at her apartment.
Laurel, who decided not to go home, but instead to Annalise's hotel "apartment" after hearing Annalise's voicemail on her phone. As Laurel got into the elevator, there were drops of blood on the ground. As the elevator rose, Laurel noticed more blood, flashing back to when Frank accidentally hit her in the stomach the night before as he was choking Connor.
The elevator got stuck and wouldn't open. Laurel began wiping her bloodstained hands across the buttons and walls before collapsing onto the floor. Laurel tried calling 911 as she went into premature labor, but had no service. Laurel continues screaming for help before passing out.
Annalise heard Laurel's cries, and called 911 as she got the elevator door open to see Laurel lying in a pool of blood. She moved Laurel's leg to see the baby she had given birth to.
Annalise was desperately trying to reach the baby while following advice from the 911 operator as far as what to do before the paramedics arrived.
Annalise began performing CPR on the baby to save him, while the scene cut out to doctors trying to do the same for Simon.
This scene was the most powerful, vulnerable, and gut-wrenching scene Annalise has been in throughout the whole series.
At Caplan and Gold, Michaela was on the phone with Connor as she watched Asher get arrested. Meanwhile, Connor was standing outside of Laurel's apartment unknowingly being watched by Dominic (Wes's murderer).
The episode ended with Simon's heart rate flat lining, and the sound of a baby crying.
You would think all of our questions would've been answered, but no.
We still do not know how Laurel got to the hospital, why Isaac and Bonnie are involved, and why Asher got arrested.
An impactful, yet emotional finale.
The rest of season four is set to air Jan. 18, 2018.
See you guys then, and I hope you have enjoyed reading with me thus far.
Shahum Ajmal
Thursday Nights with Shahum


The 2 week foster period is up for the rescue Maremma pup, and I have decided to officially adopt him! He has really come into his own the past few days and has been making a lot of progress. A few of the does have finally let him sniff them and he really enjoys spending time with them. His puppy self still comes out sometimes and he does need corrections occasionally, but the progress he has made in just these last few days has been remarkable. He is learning how to approach the goats without scaring them, and his favorite spot to sit when he is with them is next to their hay feeder. He learned (all by himself!) that if he faces the other direction, they will come over and eat and he can sit right next to them. One of the does (the youngest of the group & not the one I would think would do this) will bump him out of the way if he is overstepping his bounds. Sometimes he thinks that is an initiation of play, but I am teaching him that it means back up. I have found that he responds well to positive reinforcement; he is quick to pick up on what he is supposed to do if he is told he is doing something right. If he is doing something wrong, he needs to be redirected to what he should do in order for him to get it.
SO, what's his name?! Well, to understand his name, we need to go back to when my dog Shadow died this summer. My brothers were not home when he died, so when they arrived two days later, I took them down to the area when our dad and I buried him.
We were talking afterwards and they asked me when I would get another dog. I told them that it would not be for a while. One of my brothers told me, "You should name it Wowacintanka. That's the Lakota word for perseverance; 'to persist, to strive in spite of difficulty'."
Perseverance rises from the spirit-rather like a sleeping giant-when we reach our physical limits or we've collided with a barrier that tells us we can't or shouldn't. It enhances strengths and capabilities, awakens our determination, and enables us to move beyond our limits, coaxing from us just enough effort to keep moving, to keep reaching and striving despite the weariness, or pain, or despair.
That word resonated with me because after Shadow, that is exactly what I would be doing; striving despite the pain of losing him. To those that don't know about Shadow and me, we had a special bond. The kind of bond that comes around once in a lifetime, whether between two people or a person and an animal. We understood each other at the core of who we were better than anyone else could. Those that have had the privilege to have such a bond know what I am talking about. So it was just two days after the loss of my friend that I chose the name of his successor (whether a working or a pet dog) to be Wowacintanka (pronounced woah-wah-chin-tongah), nickname Tanka (tongah). This name has special meaning also because it happens to starts with a W. One thing I like to do is start the name of the next animal with the last letter of the previous animal's name, like their legacy lives on.
And when I know something is truly meant to be, there will be many little, seemingly unimportant, details that will fall into place. I had every intention to buy a Maremma pup this year, even though I was hesitant. I now know my hesitation was in preparation for a more perfect match to be made.
--Shadow passed away on July 12, 2013. Tanka was born July 16, 2013. A life ended, a life began, and that life waited until I was ready to accept it into mine.
--Wowacintanka is a word from the Lakota/Sioux Indians that used to inhabitant the Minnesota we call home.
--The word wowacintanka also has this idea of coexisting with respect and peace. That is also what having a livestock guardian dog is about. Our goal is not to exterminate all predators from our area, but find a way to coexist with them.
With that I would like to introduce you to our newest farm member, Tanka!
I am so grateful he has found his forever home with us!


Our daily Breakfast Club takes place in the school hall and enables busy parents to drop their children off from 7.45am each morning. Parents are requested to book on a half termly basis, however, ad hoc bookings can be taken up to lunchtime the previous day.
Pupils enjoy a selection of breakfast options, providing a nutritious start to their day.
For further information, please call the School Office on 020 8398 2778.
Find out more about our extra-curricular activities, here.
Find out about our fees for After School Care, here.


text:
Q: Помогите с AJAX запросом на сервер Здравствуйте... Помогите пожалуйста. Значит смысл в том, что в JS есть переменная, в которой текст, и он должен отправиться, к примеру, на php.php, в котором есть скрипт:

if(isset($_GET['mail'])){
    $mail = $_GET['mail'];
    if($mail == 'test@test.ru'){
        echo "no";
    }else{
        echo "yes";
    }
}

И в зависимости от полученного результат, в переменную JS должен знакинуться текст.
A: если у вас подключена JQuery то просто передайте параметр вот так
 $.get('php.php',{mail:'текст'},function(dates){
    alert (dates);
    // выпишет то что вернет пхп обработав переменную
    });

A: Вот тебе один из js кодов где-то в книге когда-то выдрал он отправляет фоновый запрос при нажатие на кнопку происходит process() :
var xmlHttp = createXmlHttpRequestObject();
function createXmlHttpRequestObject()
{

  var xmlHttp;

  if(window.ActiveXObject)
  {
    try
    {
      xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    catch (e)
    {
      xmlHttp = false;
    }
  }
  // if running Mozilla or other browsers
  else
  {
    try
    {
      xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    }
    catch (e)
    {
      xmlHttp = false;
    }
  }
  // return the created object or display an error message
  if (!xmlHttp)
      alert("Error creating the XMLHttpRequest object.");
  else
    return xmlHttp;
}

// make asynchronous HTTP request using the XMLHttpRequest object
function process()
{

  if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 || xmlHttp.readyState == 0)
  {
    // в переменую name вставляю значение тут вы можете вставить любое свое значение
    mail = encodeURIComponent(document.getElementById("mail").value);
    // execute the quickstart.php page from the server

    xmlHttp.open("GET", "php.php?mail=" + mail, true);
    // define the method to handle server responses
    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleServerResponse;
    // make the server request
    xmlHttp.send(null);
  }
  else
    setTimeout('process()', 1000);
}
function handleServerResponse()
{
   if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4)
  {
    // status of 200 indicates the transaction completed successfully
    if (xmlHttp.status == 200)
    {
      xmlResponse = xmlHttp.responseXML;
      xmlDocumentElement = xmlResponse.documentElement;
      Respn = xmlDocumentElement.firstChild.data;
      document.getElementById("Ans").innerHTML =  Respn;
    }
    else
    {
      alert("There was a problem accessing the server: " + xmlHttp.statusText);
    }
  }
}

Если, что-то не понятно скажи разъясню....
A: Подключаешь jquery. Далее:
$(document).ready(function(){
   $('.send_email').click(function(){
       //допустим ваша js переменная с e-mail называется mail
       $.get('php.php?mail='+mail,function(res){
            $('#mail_result').html(res);
            if (res=='ok'){
               var mail_res=true;
            } else { var mail_res=false; }

       });

   });
});

#mail_result - какой нить div или span или что захочешь с указанным id
.send_email  - ссылка, кнопка, все что угодно с указанным классом, отправляет запрос
A: Ну вот обьясните мне - зачем подключать jquery для одного ajax запроса?-.-
вообщем сути особо не понял ну собственно вот пример запроса без jquery
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.doSend = function () {
    this.open("GET","/php.php?mail=somemail", true);
    this.send(null);
}
request.onreadystatechange = function () {
    if(this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
         alert(this.responseText);
         // в переменной this.responseText лежит ответ скрипта
    }
}

ну думаю понятно что данные для отправки можно формировать...

чтобы вызвать запрос с кода, например:
    onload = function () {
         request.doSend();
    }

на событии:

<button onclick="javascript:request.doSend()">Отправить запрос</button>

ну и так само можно написать так:
    function beforeRequest() {
         //.......... тута чето проверяем делаем и т.д.
         request.doSend();
    }

A: Изучайте , к сожалению мне пора уходить, код подсказать не могу.


text:
Q: Remove first parameter character with GhostDoc I have paramters named like pOtherColor.
Using ghostdoc I get "The p Other Color".
The Macro is $(Name.Words.TheAndAllAsSentence)
There is a macro ExceptFirst - but this gives "Other Color".
What I would need is a macro like "TheAndExceptFirstAsSentence"
I tried to "chain" macros - but I couldn't get it working.

A: I'm assuming you you using the free version of GhostDoc. The screenshot below illustrates the rule configuration that you are looking for in GhostDoc Free.
Thanks!