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Medway is a unitary authority district and conurbation in Kent, South East England. It had a population of 278,016 in 2019. The unitary authority was formed in 1998 when Rochester-upon-Medway amalgamated with the Borough of Gillingham to form Medway Towns. It is now a unitary authority area run by Medway Council, independent of Kent County Council but still part of the ceremonial county of Kent.

Medway is one of the boroughs included in the Thames Gateway development scheme. It is also the home of Universities at Medway, a tri-partite collaboration of the University of Greenwich, the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University on a single campus in Chatham, together with the University for the Creative Arts, which has a campus in Rochester.

Geography
Because of its strategic location by the major crossing of the River Medway, it has made a wide and significant contribution to Kent, and to England, dating back thousands of years, as evident in the siting of Watling Street by the Romans and by the Norman Rochester Castle, Rochester Cathedral (the second oldest in Britain) and the Chatham naval dockyard and its associated defences.

The main towns in the conurbation are (from west to east): Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham, and Rainham. These are traditionally known as the Medway Towns. Many other towns and villages such as Frindsbury and Brompton lie within the conurbation. Outside the urban area, the villages retain parish councils. Cuxton, Halling and Wouldham are in the Medway Gap region to the south of Rochester and Strood. Hoo St Werburgh, Cliffe, High Halstow, St Mary Hoo, Allhallows, Stoke and Grain are on the Hoo Peninsula to the north. Frindsbury Extra including Upnor borders Strood.

The southern part of the urban area is on the north slope of the North Downs, including the suburbs of Walderslade, Luton, Hempstead and Wigmore.

Over half of the unitary authority area is rural in nature. Medway includes parts of the North Kent Marshes, an environmentally significant wetlands region with several Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). Other similar areas of conservation include Ranscombe Farm on chalk grassland and woodland between Strood and Cuxton, with rare woodland flowers and orchids.

History
The Medway area has a long and varied history dominated originally by the city of Rochester and later by the naval and military establishments principally in Chatham and Gillingham.

Rochester was established on an Iron Age site by the Romans, who called it Durobrivae (meaning "stronghold by the bridge"), to control the point where Watling Street (now the A2) crossed the River Medway. Rochester later became a walled town and, under later Saxon influence, a mint was established here. The first cathedral was built by Bishop Justus in 604 and rebuilt under the Normans by Bishop Gundulf, who also built the castle that stands opposite the cathedral. Rochester was also an important point for people travelling the Pilgrims' Way, which stretches from Winchester to the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury. The Pilgrims' Way crossed the Medway near Cuxton.

In Rochester, parts of the Roman city wall are still in evidence, and the city has many fine buildings, such as the Guildhall (today a museum), which was built in 1687 and is among the finest 17th-century civic buildings in Kent; the Corn Exchange, built in 1698, originally the Butcher's Market; the small Tudor house of Watts Charity endowed by Sir Richard Watts to house "six poor travelers" for one night each; Satis House and Old Hall, both visited by Queen Elizabeth I, built in 1573. In Medway there are 82 scheduled ancient monuments, 832 Listed buildings and 22 conservation areas.

Naval and military history

The Royal Navy opened an anchorage dockyard in Gillingham (Jillingham Water) during the reign of Henry VIII, in 1567 the Royal Naval Dockyard was established in Medway. Although it is called Chatham dockyard, two-thirds of the dockyard lie within Gillingham. The dockyard was closed in 1984, with the loss of eight thousand jobs at the dockyard itself and many more in local supply industries, contributing to a mid-1980s Medway unemployment rate of sixteen percent. It was protected by a series of forts including Fort Amherst and the Lines, Fort Pitt and Fort Borstal. The majority of surviving buildings in the Historic Dockyard are Georgian. It was here that , Admiral Lord Nelson's flagship at Trafalgar, was built and launched in 1765. Sir Francis Drake learned his seamanship on the Medway; Sir John Hawkins founded a hospital in Chatham for seamen, and Nelson began his Navy service at Chatham at the age of 12. Other notable sea-faring and naval figures, such as William Adams, were raised on the Medway but apprenticed elsewhere. The river was further protected by such fortifications as Upnor Castle which, in 1667 in varying accounts says it was partly successful in thwarting the Dutch raid on the dockyard, or the commanding officer fled without firing on the Dutch.

Another warship built at Chatham that still exists is  (a 46-gun "Leda" class frigate) laid down in February 1822, and launched 30 March 1824. She never saw active service and has been restored and is (as of 2005) preserved afloat in Dundee, Scotland.

On 25 November 1914 the battleship  was moored at buoy number 17 at Kethole Reach on the River Medway. She was taking on coal from the airship base at Kingsnorth, on the Isle of Grain when an internal explosion (most likely the result of cordite charges stored alongside a boiler room bulkhead and failure to follow guidelines on the storage of shells) ripped the ship apart. In all, the explosion killed 745 men and 51 officers. Five of the 14 men who survived died later of their wounds, and almost all of the others were seriously wounded. There are mass and individual graves in Woodlands Cemetery in Gillingham for the Bulwarks dead, who were mostly drawn from the Portsmouth area. The explosion could be heard from up to  at Southend and Whitstable. In terms of loss of life it remains the second worst explosion in British history.

Less than six months later there was a second explosion. This time it was the Princess Irene. She was a 1,500-passenger liner built at Dumbarton in 1914 for Canadian Pacific. Before she could leave Britain she was commandeered for war service and became , and was used as a minelayer. After several trips she was back in the Medway for a refit when on the morning of 27 May 1915 a huge internal explosion tore through the vessel, shaking the ground for miles around and showering the surrounding villages with remains of bodies and debris. 278 died, including 78 workers from nearby towns and villages. In one Sheerness street there were ten who died. A Court of Inquiry was held into the loss and evidence was given that priming of the mines was being carried out hurriedly and by untrained personnel. A faulty primer was blamed for the explosion.

The British Army also established barracks here; and the Royal Engineers headquarters is in Gillingham.

The Royal Marines also have a long association with Chatham. The Chatham Division was based in Chatham until the closure of Chatham Dockyard. A museum dedicated to the Royal Marines can be found close to the dockyard at the Royal Engineers Museum in Brompton. Founded in 1812, it moved to its current site in 1987. It was classed as Grade II listed on 5 December 1996.

Post-war development
After World War II, the Medway conurbation expanded to the south as areas including Walderslade, Lordswood, Hempstead and Wigmore were developed, aided by the construction of the M2 motorway in the 1960s.

The population of Medway is projected to increase to around 300,000 by 2028 according to 2013 projections. Medway Council foresees total investment on development to be in excess of £1 billion over a 20-year period from 2006.

As of 2019, the towns in order of population (approximate figures) were Gillingham (85,000 – not including Rainham), Chatham (78,000), Strood (40,000), Rochester (30,000 – not including Strood) and Rainham (25,000). The towns as a whole are expected to rise dramatically in residents as increased development and housing prices are considerably less than most of Kent and London, which is 30 miles away.

In 2004, Medway Council announced its development strategy for the Medway Waterfront area. The report set out a 20-year framework plan for the redevelopment of up to seven miles (11 km) of waterfront and surrounding areas along the River Medway. The project aims to create between 6,000 and 8,000 new homes and 8,500 jobs, against central government targets of 16,000 new homes and 23,000 new jobs for the Medway area as a whole.

Among the transport proposals set forth for consideration were a new bridge linking the Medway City industrial estate to central Chatham; the removal of Chatham's gyratory system along with an associated relocation of the town's bus station; remodelling of Strood's one-way system; and the provision of new cycle lanes and park-and-ride services throughout the area.

Chatham's ring road system was subsequently changed into a two-way system in September 2006 with the Sir John Hawkins flyover (pictured right in 2007) being closed before later demolition to make way for a new bus station at the end of 2008. The new bus station opened in October 2011.

Other recent and proposed developments include:

Rochester riverside
In Rochester, a 74-acre (30-hectare) area of brownfield land between the river and the railway line is being developed with high-density housing. Up to 50 homes per hectare will be built. The site will also include a primary school, two hotels, business centre, health centre, cafes, restaurants, bars and various commercial units.

Chatham centre and waterfront
Numerous developments are proposed for the Chatham area including widening and straightening Union Street, development and improvements to The Brook and new developments at Gun Wharf and Chatham Waterfront. One such development at Chatham Waterfront (the area between Rochester railway station and Chatham Dockyard) is The Quays, a mixed-use development comprising two 20-storey residential towers, designed by WilkinsonEyre architects.

Medway Gate
A major development in Strood between Medway Valley Park and junction 2 of the M2 motorway, much of the Medway Gate development is inside a large abandoned chalk pit. The area has seen the building of over 400 homes since work began in 2006, including 125 affordable homes.

Strood riverside
Redevelopment including new homes and a landscaped play area were completed in the 1990s, but there are plans to extend this development further along the river beyond Strood railway station with another 500 to 600 homes to be built, the waterfront developed with new recreational and leisure facilities, and access to the station, town centre and Medway City estate to be improved.

Temple Waterfront
This 173-acre (70-hectare) area between the river and Morgan's Timber yard in Strood (formerly a Templar farm) has plans for 600 homes to be built along with 161,458 square feet (15,000 square metres) of commercial space and a new two-hectare (4.9-acre) site for Morgan's Timber.

Governance

Formation
Throughout the 19th century there had been proposals to join the Medway towns under a single authority. By 1903 moves began to take place: that year saw the creation of the Borough of Gillingham, to which, in 1928, the adjoining parish of Rainham was added.

In 1944, a Medway Towns Joint Amalgamation Committee was formed by the borough corporations of Chatham, Gillingham and Rochester, to discuss the possibility of the towns forming a single county borough. In 1948 the Local Government Boundary Commission recommended that the area become a "most purposes" county borough, but the recommendation was not carried out. In 1956 the Joint Amalgamation Committee decided in favour of the amalgamation and invited representatives from Strood Rural District Council to join the Committee. In 1960, a proposal was made by Rochester Council that the merger be effected by the city absorbing the two other towns, to safeguard its ancient charters and city status. This led to Gillingham Council voting to leave the committee, as it believed the three towns should go forward as equal partners. On 9 March, the committee held its last meeting, with the Chatham representatives voting to dissolve the body and those from Rochester voting against. The motion to disband was passed on the casting vote of the chairman, Alderman Semple from Chatham.

Under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the City of Rochester, the Borough of Chatham and part of Strood Rural District were amalgamated to form the Borough of Medway, a local government district in the county of Kent. Gillingham chose to remain separate. Under letters patent the former city council area was to continue to be styled the "City of Rochester" to "perpetuate the ancient name" and to recall "the long history and proud heritage of the said city". The city was unique, as it had no council or charter trustees and no mayor or civic head. In 1979, the Borough of Medway was renamed as Rochester-upon-Medway, and in 1982 further letters patent transferred the city status to the entire borough.

On 1 April 1998, the existing local government districts of Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham were abolished under the local government review and merged to become the new unitary authority of Medway, administratively independent from Kent County Council; though, Medway is still within the Kent ceremonial county and Lieutenancy Area, as this has not been amended.

Since it was the local government district of Rochester-upon-Medway that officially held city status under the 1982 letters patent, when it was abolished, it also ceased to be a city. The other local government districts with city status that were abolished around this time (Bath and Hereford) appointed charter trustees to maintain the existence of the city and the mayoralty. However, Rochester-upon-Medway City Council had decided not to and as a result their city status was rescinded. Medway Council apparently only became aware of this when they discovered that Rochester was not on the Lord Chancellor's Office's list of cities. Medway applied for city status in the 2000 and 2002 competitions, but was unsuccessful. In 2010, it started to refer to the "City of Medway" in promotional material, but it was rebuked and instructed not to do so in future by the Advertising Standards Authority. Medway Council made a further bid for city status in 2012, when three cities were afforded the honour as part of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee civic honours competition. Ultimately Medway was unsuccessful with the eventual winners being Chelmsford (Essex), Perth (Perthshire), and St Asaph (Denbighshire).

Politics

The council comprises 55 councillors representing different wards. The party political breakdown of the council following the 2019 local elections is:

Since the election, one Conservative councillor was expelled from the group and now sits as an Independent Conservative.

Parts of the unitary authority are parished, chiefly the rural areas. There are currently 11 parishes;
 Allhallows
 Cliffe and Cliffe Woods
 Cooling
 Cuxton
 Frindsbury Extra
 Halling
 High Halstow
 Hoo St Werburgh
 St James Isle of Grain
 St Mary Hoo
 Stoke

Education

Medway operates a two-tier education system, with academic selection for admission to secondary schools determined by the Eleven plus exam. There are a number of grammar schools located in the area, the other secondary schools in Medway being non-selective (apart from one faith schools and the school on the peninsula). There are also a number of private schools operating in the area. Medway is also home to the third largest Home School population of children in the UK after the Isles of Scilly and Isle of Wight.

Demographics

 Population: The population of Medway as measured in the 2001 Census was 249,488, of which 49% were male and 51% female. Most of the population live in the Chatham and Gillingham areas: 70,540 in Chatham and 99,773 in Gillingham.
 Unemployment: The closure of Chatham Dockyard cost some 20,000 jobs. In June 2005 local unemployment stood at 2.3% of the workforce, a total of 3,678 people. Many of the employed population of 160,000 people now work outside the district — especially in London, which has many transport links from Medway.

Economy
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Medway at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of pounds Sterling.

Culture
Medway's cultural strategy is run by Creative Medway, a sector-led organisation drawing together business, cultural sector organisations and freelancers.

There are five theatres in Medway, two run by the council and three independent. The council theatres are the Central Theatre (966 seats hosting a variety of tribute acts) and the Brook Theatre in the Old town hall (400 seats hosting a variety of shows). The independent theatres are Medway Little Theatre (96 seats), The Oasthouse Theatre and Kings Theatre (110 seats).

Leisure and recreation

 Medway Park (formerly The Black Lion Leisure Centre) in Gillingham is a sub-regional sports centre with three indoor pools for swimming and SCUBA diving, gym, fitness centre, sports hall and squash courts. It includes the Jumpers Rebound Centre for trampolining. Medway Park has been upgraded for the Medway 2012 programme to secure local benefits from the London Olympics.
 The Strand Leisure Park in Gillingham has an open-air swimming pool on the banks of the River Medway as well as other leisure attractions including tennis courts and a narrow-gauge railway.
 Strood Sports Centre in has an indoor swimming pool, gym, sports hall, squash courts and an astroturf sports pitch.
 Gillingham has an ice rink, The Ice Bowl, home to a local ice hockey team, the Invicta Dynamos who play in the NIHL South Division 1.
 Gillingham F.C. are the main football team of the area. They play in Football League Two.
 John Nike Ski Centre – located in Capstone near Hempstead
 The Splashes Leisure Centre in Rainham, Kent has a swimming pool with indoor slide and a wave machine. It also has a small gym on the second floor.

Transport

Roadways

Watling Street (the A2), the Roman road between the Port of Dover on the English Channel and London, runs through Medway. This route became particularly congested and led to the building of the M2 to bypass the Medway Towns to the south in the 1960s and was subsequently widened extensively at the turn of the 21st century. The A2 through the Medway Towns varies from single carriageway to dual carriageway to "one way" systems. In places it deviates from the original route of Watling Street.

The A2 leaves the main route (which bypasses Medway by either the Northern Relief Road — The A289 or the M2) at the Three Crutches junction. The road descends through Strood towards the river. During the descent, the road to Gravesend, the A226 joins. In Strood the High Street is bypassed by the one-way system to the north and south encircling the High Street. The A2 crosses the Medway via two bridges in a dual carriageway (see Rochester Bridge). One bridge is Victorian and in the position of the original Roman bridge. The second bridge is more recent and build upon the piers of the original London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) main line railway bridge (the Chatham Main Line uses the South Eastern Railway's branch line's bridge).

In Rochester the High street is bypassed to the north by the dualled Corporation Street. The A2 then crosses the high street, climbs Star Hill and follows New road by Fort Pitt / Jackson's Field to bypass Chatham to the south (by the Station, via a flyover known as New Cut). As it approaches Luton it is a dual carriageway for a short stretch, where a major junction lies with the railway (Chatham Main line) passes overhead — this is known as Luton Arches. It then climbs Chatham Hill (to Gillingham) now has a separate bus lane. The A2 / Watling street traditionally bypasses central Gillingham which lies to the North. From the main road to Gillingham (Canterbury Street), the A2 is dual carriageway. Here the Northern Relief Road (A289) rejoins at the Will Adams roundabout. This is swiftly followed by the Bowater roundabout where the A278 Hoath Way leads to the M2 to the South, this is so named and distinctive because of the former paper mill Bowaters at this location that left a giant water tower. A large Tesco supermarket currently inhabits the site. As the road progresses into Rainham it becomes single carriageway again.

Connecting Medway with neighbouring Gravesend is the A226. The leaves the A2 on the hill above Strood. It is a single carriageway A road.

The A228 runs along the west bank of the Medway, through Strood. Intersecting the M2 at its second junction, crossing the A2 through the centre of Strood and meeting (and encompassing for a short stretch) the Northern Relief Road (A289). The road then carries on to the Isle of Grain. Throughout its passage through Strood it is single carriageway, but the stretches to the North are dualled partially toward Grain. The road to Grain was an accident black spot, this and increased traffic from the major port of Thamesport which is located to the north-west along the Medway Estuary prompted the construction of a new dual carriageway. The A228 Main Road to Ropers Lane project was provisionally approved by the government in December 2001. Design work started in March 2000 and in February 2004, contractors got under way with moving services such as water, gas and fuel pipes. This work was vital, as the pipes actually supply the Hoo Peninsula and the power station at Grain. The largest water main that was moved was 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter and the largest gas main 36 inches (914 mm). The road cost £19 million and is approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) long.

The A229 starts from the A2 at the junction at the top of Star Hill alongside Jackson's Field / Fort Pitt, it follows City Way to the South where at Fort Horstead / Rochester Airport / Mid Kent College it meets the branch from Chatham (the A230 which starts at Chatham Station / New Cut). From here it continues south, becoming dual carriageway and meeting the M2 at its third junction, which also provides access with Walderslade. This road then proceeds down Blue Bell Hill (from the summit of the North Downs) to the county town of Maidstone and the M20.

The A278 Hoath Way links the A2 at Gillingham to its southern suburbs (Hempstead, Wigmore and Parkwood) to the M2's fourth junction. It is dual carriageway throughout.

The A289 was built in the 1990s as the Medway Towns Northern Relief Road. Constructed in three stages, firstly it bypasses Strood with a dual carriageway from Three Crutches (M2 J1) to the A226 and the A228 (The Wainscott Northern Bypass). It then joins the A228 (as The Wainscott Eastern Bypass) — these two parts are dualled. A dualled link road leads to the Medway Tunnel to the Chatham Dockyard. Here it meets Dock Road (A231) that leads to Chatham. The A289 continues between northern Gillingham and the river, and then turns southwards through Gillingham Golf Course to rejoin the A2 at the Will Adams roundabout.

The A2045 is the A289's counterpart, however it is largely unbuilt. The Medway Towns Southern Relief Road was proposed to link the (then) new developments to the south of Chatham (Walderslade) and Gillingham (Hempstead, Wigmore and Parkwood) with M2's J3 and the A229 to the east and the M2's J4 and A278 in the west. A single carriageway road was built south of Walderslade to access the Walderslade Woods and Lordswood developments. At the other end a small section was built to access the Hempstead development and its shopping centre. However, the key middle stretch was left unbuilt, a link road to central Chatham via Luton, the B2156 North Dane Way was also left incomplete with no road to link to. The removal of Medway from Kent (which the incomplete section would lay in) and the recent widening of M2 leaves the proposed project with little chance of completion in the foreseeable future.

Buses

The vast majority of local bus routes throughout Medway are centred upon the newly opened Waterfront bus station (replacing Pentagon bus station) in Chatham.
Most bus routes are run by Arriva Southern Counties, which took over the locally owned Maidstone & District bus company in the 1990s. Other local bus companies including Nu-Venture provide certain services, some under contract to the local authority.
Buses are numbered between 100 and 199 for local services, with buses numbered in the 700s to show Kent County Council subsidised services including those to Walderslade and Bluewater Shopping Centre, and in the 600s for school bus services.

Bus links to London and other parts of the south east can be accessed via Bluewater Shopping Centre, near Greenhithe, which has extensive bus routes to London.

Coaches
Commuter coaches run from various parts of Medway to a selection of London destinations using the M2/A2. Operating companies include The Kings Ferry and Chalkwell Coaches.

National Express runs regular services from Hempstead Valley Shopping Centre, Chatham Waterfront bus station, and Chatham Maritime Universities to Gatwick Airport.

Railways

The Medway Council area has seven railway stations:

 Strood Station
 Rochester Station
 Chatham Station
 Gillingham Station
 Rainham Station
 Halling Station
 Cuxton Station

It is served by the Medway Valley line, the North Kent line and the Chatham Main Line.

The owners of the Thames and Medway Canal tunnel that linked Medway (specifically Strood) with Gravesend turned half their canal into a railway bringing the first rails to Medway. They were soon absorbed by the South Eastern Railway whose North Kent line linked Strood with Gravesend, Dartford, and then London Bridge. Subsequently, SER extended their branch from their main line to Maidstone to Strood — the Medway Valley line. Stations were built on the Medway Valley line for the villages of Cuxton and Halling.

A rival company, the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, built a railway between Chatham and East Kent. Unable to secure a connection and running rights over the SER's North Kent line they built their own main line to Bromley where they connected with the West End of London & Crystal Palace Railway to gain access to London Victoria. This railway became known as the Chatham Main Line. It had stations at  which was actually in Strood, Chatham and New Brompton which was renamed Gillingham. The line was extended through Rainham to the Kent Coast (Thanet and Dover).

In reaction to this strong rival the SER built a small branch alongside the LCDR over the Medway on a parallel bridge to a station in Rochester and a terminus called  which was actually just outside Chatham.

The strenuous competition between the two companies resulted in their merger into the South Eastern and Chatham Railway in 1899. Subsequent rationalisation saw the closure of the LCDR's station in Strood and the SER's branch to Rochester and Chatham (although the bridge was retained and is used to this day).

Post World War I saw the big four grouping and the SECR was merged into Southern in 1923. This led to electrification of suburban services (750 V DC third rail) which by World War II had seen electric traction reach Gillingham on the Chatham Main Line and Maidstone West (via Strood and the North Kent Line) on the Medway Valley line.

Post war (1948) saw nationalisation into British Rail, which under its 1955 modernisation part saw the completion of Southern's electrification efforts in Kent as a key target. Thus Rainham was reached as part of this programme. It also saw the extension of platforms on the Chatham Main Line to 12 cars, leading to the closure of two of Chatham's four platforms. Rochester retained four platforms, while Strood and Gillingham kept three. Rainham had only two platforms until 2017 when an additional bay was created to facilitate new trains on through services to destinations north of London. These are scheduled to commence in May 2018. In December 2015, a new Rochester station opened replacing the original one. It has three platforms and can handle 12-car trains.

Extensive goods yards existed at Strood, Rochester and Gillingham. Strood had engine sheds, while Gillingham still has carriage depots. A freight branch to Chatham Dockyard also exists. The network within the dockyard has been extensively curtailed since the dockyards closure.

Rail services generally consist of North Kent Line services (to London Bridge and beyond — Charing Cross and Cannon Street) starting from Gillingham. The Medway Valley line receives a shuttle service up and down terminating at Strood for transfers to the North Kent Line, although some services run through to Tonbridge and even Gatwick. The main services are on the Chatham Main line, with stopper services from Faversham (i.e. they stop at local stations, running fast from Bromley) and fast services from Kent Coast (i.e. they run fast from Medway to London). Services are currently operated by Southeastern.

The High Speed 1 line passes through the Medway Towns area, running parallel to the M2/A2 Trunk road. The completion of High Speed 1 has seen domestic services operating on the line, which includes a stopping service starting at Faversham running to Strood and Gravesend before joining the High Speed line at Ebbsfleet. From there it travels at high speed to Stratford International and St Pancras International, where connections can now be made with mainline trains to the north of England. The rail service is extensively used by the residents of Medway to commute into London.

Waterways
Although it is extensively used for leisure, the River Medway is not used for local transport purposes; however, cargo ships operated by Union Transport of Bromley still sail to the cement works to the south at Halling/Cuxton. Part of the closed Royal Navy base is now used as a cargo port and has Ro/Ro facilities; cargo that comes in ranges from paper pulp to dredged material, but this traffic only uses one of the three main basins. There is also a ship repair facility located in the basin. Thamesport, which is located on the edge of the Medway Estuary on the Isle of Grain, handles the shipping of containers and fossil fuels. Kingsnorth Power Station has coal shipped in from Dunkirk. Scotline also operates a fleet of coasters for the import of wood, and has a wharf on the River Medway. There is also a wharf on the river called Eurowharf, which deals with dredged material. In addition, there was a shipping company based on the river, formerly known as Lapthorn Shipping but then as Coastal Bulk Shipping, but it ceased trading at the end of 2008.

Air
There are two small airports. The first, Rochester Airport, is a "grass strip" used for leisure purposes. Stoke Airfield near Grain is used by microlights and light aircraft. For scheduled air travel, Medway residents can use Kent's Lydd Airport (or Manston Airport until its 2014 closure), but these lack extensive passenger facilities or routes; thus, the main London airports are used instead in most cases.

Notable people
See sections in the constituent towns.
 William Adams, the first Englishman to record reaching Japan, was born in Gillingham. The Japanese Shogun made him a samurai (warrior). He is significant to Medway because this has led to the twinning with Yokosuka and Itō, the latter being the location of the shogun shipbuilding sites most associated with William Adams.
 Charles Dickens lived in Medway; a museum was in Eastgate House in Rochester until its closure in 2004. A visitor attraction based on his works was located at Chatham Dockside until October 2016, when it closed. One of his many houses still exists in Rochester High Street today.
 Thomas Aveling of Aveling and Porter, the first British, and once the largest, manufacturer of steamrollers in the world, is buried in the graveyard of Hoo St. Werburgh parish church. Aveling lived in this village on the Hoo Peninsula, where he invented and tested his steamrollers.
 Actress and model Kelly Brook was born in Rochester and attended the Thomas Aveling School.
 Artist, musician and poet Billy Childish.
 Bill Lewis, poet (founder member of The Medway Poets, mythographer, founder member of the Stuckist art group and member of Colony: A Community of Artists.
Marxist scholar David Harvey was born and brought up in Gillingham.
 Thomas Hodgskin, an early socialist whose writing on the political economy influenced Karl Marx.
Francis Drake lived in Upnor and learnt to sail on the Medway.
Chris Smalling English footballer attended Chatham Grammar School for Boys
Jools Holland, musician and the host of Later... with Jools Holland, lives in the Cooling Castle on the Hoo Peninsula.
River Medway, a contestant on RuPaul's Drag Race UK Series 3, placing 6th alongside Choriza May.

Twin towns
Medway is twinned with:
  — Valenciennes (France) (existing since 1955 making it the 2nd oldest such twinning in the UK)
  — Yokosuka and Itō (Japan)
  — Cádiz (Spain)
  — Foshan (China)

References

External links
 Medway Council
 Archive Images
 Detailed history of the Medway Towns
 Chatham's World Heritage Site application
 Medway's UK City of Culture 2025 bid

Unitary authority districts of England
Urban areas of England
Local authorities adjoining the River Thames
Local government districts of South East England
Local government in Kent
Boroughs in England


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The price of farmland likely to be unaffected by pandemic
"We have seen a surge of demand in the global futures market, so there could be some buyers who are looking to get their hands on a little more grain sooner rather than later."
But "the grains and oilseed markets are starting to detach themselves from the panicked environment to some degree, Jubinville said March 27.
"We had a sugar rush of demand to refill inventories," he said. "Our world in agriculture — at least in the delivery system for food — has shifted very much to a just-in-time delivery mechanism, as opposed to end-users maintaining significant backup inventories of these supplies.
"These just-in-time delivery mechanisms are having a hard time trying to compete when you have a real rush of consumer demand come forward in a panic environment."
As some of the panic buying has eased, fears about supply chain logistics have eased as well, he added.
"Agriculture and the whole food distribution system is considered a high-priority essential service," said Jubinville. "The initial concerns about getting available inputs for spring seeding in place in time has been tamped down a little bit as the assurances from the industry say they will have available resources in place."
So grain is still moving both domestically and around the world, and is expected to keep moving despite initial concerns.
"At this point, most of the concerns that are out there are just that — concerns," Backman said March 27.
"All of our information is that the grain export supply chain is working well, and at this point, we're not aware of any bans on the exports of raw grains from any of the main export countries."
Stick to seeding plans
But the stressed supply chain — combined with a weaker Canadian dollar — has given farmers a rare chance to cash in right now, said Brennan Turner, CEO of FarmLead.
Brennan Turner.
"When demand increases and supply stays relatively the same, prices are going to go up," Turner said March 27. "So this has been an opportunity from a selling standpoint on the cash markets that most farmers should probably be considering. We're getting back to the highs we saw in mid-January, and that shouldn't be ignored."
But that doesn't mean farmers should be shifting their seeding plans to chase those higher prices, he added.
"We're probably going to see continued demand for these food staples, but there's still a record amount of wheat out there today and there's expected to be a record amount of wheat grown this year," said Turner. "There's still a lot of supply in the pipeline, so it's not always healthy to chase today's prices when you know that there's a good chance they're not going to be available by the fall."
While economics will always be a factor in cropping plans that doesn't make sense in a year like this one, where "it really doesn't look like there's a clear-cut crop winner," said Jubinville.
"This year, the profitability on these various cropping options is not dramatically different from one to the other, so I don't think there's a real economic incentive to choose one crop over another," he said.
"If we were in an environment where canola or pulses or barley was offering extraordinary price premiums relative to other cropping options, there's obviously going to be attraction to those crops. But we don't have that situation this year."
Changing seeding plans now would be like "betting on uncertainty," said Turner.
"When it comes to planting, you have to ask yourself, 'What are the things I can control? How can I minimize my risk?' It's by sticking to the things I know best, but also by sticking to the things that I know I'm going to be able to make a profit on.
"There's going to be people chasing these prices, but it's a big bet, and probably not worth it in the long run, in my opinion."
So in a year with plenty of uncertainty — like this one — it's better to stick to the plan.
"There's a lot of uncertainty in a lot of pieces here, but farmers know their operations and they should have a plan based on that," said Backman.
Focus instead on higher productivity, the analysts said.
"If it's getting rotations and weed control back into a semblance of order, this is probably a year where it makes sense to do so," said Jubinville.
"Meeting the needs of your own farm to get your rotations and weed control measures in balance is probably the priority at this point."
Nevertheless, take a closer look at your marketing plan, Turner added. That starts with understanding your cost of production and having "a clear game plan for what you're going to do if the market gets to a certain level."
"Because we're so busy during the seeding season, now is the time to nail down that grain-marketing game plan, because when the time does arrive for those opportunities to come up, you need to be prepared for it," he said.
Jubinville agrees.
"I don't want to paint an entirely doom-and-gloom scenario because of COVID-19, and I don't want to be overly bullish about this yet, but I do see a strong demand for commodities coming down the line," he said.
"There's going to be ups and downs to this market through the growing season, but I do think there's going to be a lot of buying interest that's going to manifest itself."
But right now, no one can say how the pandemic will play out, so producers will need to be patient and get ready to respond to the changing situation.
"It's really unknown here how long it will be before we get back to a place of normalcy," said Turner.
"We've seen a spike in this economic downturn that's been very quick and very abrupt, so there is this line of thinking that the economy is just going to rebound quickly once we get past this coronavirus.
"But the impact is a lot deeper than that, and from a consumer behaviour standpoint, we're not going to get back to normal overnight."
Jennifer Blair is a Red Deer-based reporter with a post-secondary education in professional writing and nearly 10 years of experience in corporate communications, policy development, and journalism. She's spent half of her career telling stories about an industry she loves for an audience she admires--the farmers who work every day to build a better agriculture industry in Alberta.
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Travel 80 » Barbados » What Is the Nicest Part of Barbados to Stay (and Is Staying on All-Inclusive Resorts Worth It)?
What Is the Nicest Part of Barbados to Stay (and Is Staying on All-Inclusive Resorts Worth It)?
Although Barbados is a 20-mile island, smaller than other islands in the Caribbean, it has the best and most popular beaches and resorts worldwide. Each coast and region of the island has its unique characteristics. The nicest part of Barbados where you can stay is in the west part. You can find here the famous beaches, luxurious hotels and may even spot celebrities!
There are also all-inclusive resorts in Barbados, and it is worth it for you can know how much you will spend beforehand. Also, you can experience a wide range of facilities and activities in an all-inclusive resort.
What Is the Best Part of Barbados to Stay in?
The best part of Barbados depends on what you prefer to do while staying on the island. Each part of Barbados has its characteristics. If you prefer a low-key getaway, the northern part is ideal for you. But, if you want a lively summer beach vacation, the best part of Barbados to experience is southern. You can find here some of the best beaches on the island and a nightlife experience. For an active vacation on the beach with historical tours to museums and duty-free shopping, you can try the western part. And last, the eastern part has a rustic coast that is perfect for surfing!
Which Side of Barbados Is the Best?
You can have the best stay on the west side of Barbados. This is because the west side has famous beaches and resorts on the island.
Which Coast Is Best to Stay on in Barbados?
It is best to stay on the west coast of Barbados. This coast is best for its beaches that are perfect for vacation, and the south coast is the home of the top-rated beaches in Barbados, such as Sandy Lane.
What Is the West Coast of Barbados Like?
The West Coast of Barbados is known as the "Platinum Coast" in Barbados. As it faces the Caribbean Sea, the west coast has the softest and longest beaches on the island. It is more secluded than other coasts in Barbados. Some of the famous beaches you can find on the west coast are Sandy Lane Beach, Mullins Beach, and Paynes Bay.
West Coast is almost fully developed. You can also find known hotels and resorts such as Fairmont Royal Pavilion, The Sandpiper, Accra Beach Hotel, and Spa.
What Area of Barbados Is Best to Stay?
Barbados, which is best for you to stay in, is in the St. Lawrence Gap Area. It is the entertainment center of Barbados, as bars and restaurants are mainly in this area. St. Lawrence Gap is in the southern part of Barbados, so you can still have a magnificent view of the island's beaches.
It is the best area to stay, especially if you want to enjoy the nightlife of Barbados.
What Is the Best Town to Stay in Barbados?
The best town to stay in in Barbados is Bridgetown. It is the capital city of the island and also the biggest city. If you are traveling on a budget to Barbados, it would be best for you to stay in Bridgetown.
This town highlights the rich history of Barbados. While staying here, you can do cultural tours of museums and landmarks, shopping, water activities, and many more!
Where Do Celebrities Stay in Barbados?
As one of the best islands in the Caribbean with its pristine beaches perfect for a summer getaway, Barbados is a famous island for most celebrities. Most of them stayed on the Platinum Coast of Barbados, the West Coast, for its best beaches and luxurious accommodations.
Some celebrities that visited the island stayed on Sandy Lane. The list includes The Beckhams, Hugh Grant, Claudia Schiffer, Mariah Carey, and Simon Cowell.
What Celebrities Have Homes in Barbados?
Rihanna, a famous Barbadian singer, and actress owns a $21.8 million mansion in a luxury resort in Paynes Bay. It is a 10,000 square foot condo part of One Sandy Lane on the west coast. She was born in Barbados and grew up in Bridgetown.
What Resorts Are There in Barbados?
There are plenty of resorts where you can stay in Barbados upon arrival or even after a whole day of going around the island. Here are some alternatives you can choose from in your vacation:
The House by Elegant Hotels, Cobblers Cave, Sugar Bay Barbados, Treasure Beach by Elegant Hotels, Sandals Barbados
Sandals Royal Barbados, The Sandpiper, Little Arches Boutique Hotel, Hilton Barbados Resort
Saint Peter's Bay, Hilton Barbados Resort, Ocean Two Resort & Residences by Ocean Hotels, Radisson Aquatica Resort Barbados
The Crane Resort, Fairmont Royal Pavilion, Waves Hotel & Spa by Elegant Hotels, Barbados Beach Club All-Inclusive Resort
Is There a Riu in Barbados?
Unfortunately, there is no Riu in Barbados. However, you can find it on other islands in the Caribbean, like Aruba, Jamaica, and Punta Cana.
RIU Hotels and Resorts is an international and well-known resort chain around the world.
Which Is the Best Resort in Barbados?
Sandy Lane is the best resort in Barbados. It is a luxurious hotel and resort with 113 spacious rooms and suites and restaurants, bars, and a 47,000 square-foot spa. Aside from that, it has a golf course that is exclusive only for its guests.
It has hosted celebrities who visited Barbados, including Bill Gates, David Beckham, and Queen Elizabeth.
Does Barbados Have All-Inclusive Resorts?
Barbados has all-inclusive resorts. You can find these resorts all over the island, which offer accommodations, food and drinks, and even activities. Barbados has many options with all-inclusive resorts that you can choose from when planning to stay on the island.
You may spend B$230 ($110) – B$2600 ($1200) on all-inclusive resorts in Barbados.
What Does All-Inclusive Mean in Barbados?
In Barbados, all-inclusive means that all the essential things you need during your vacation are already included with the booking price, including food and drinks. With your accommodation, you may expect to experience the facilities and activities offered by the resort. This access won't require you to pay an additional fee.
Barbados has a variety of all-inclusive resorts that offer different facilities, entertainment, and facilities. If you plan to stay in one, make sure that it is the best choice for you, so know the inclusions ahead of time, especially if you stay on a budget. Also, if you have kids with you on your vacation, confirming ahead of time if they offer kid-friendly foods and activities is recommended.
Is It Worth Going To All-Inclusive in Barbados?
It is worth going all-inclusive in Barbados, especially if you are traveling on a specific budget. Since you will know how much you will spend upfront, you can maximize your budget with all the inclusions that all-inclusive hotels and resorts offer.
Some benefits of all-inclusive resorts are: you will know how much to pay beforehand which lessens the thinking about your money while on vacation; you can avoid additional tipping as food and drinks are already paid; most of all-inclusive are family-friendly so you can enjoy with your family, and all-inclusive offers a wide range of entertainment and activities which you can do while you are on your vacation.
Where to Stay in Barbados for All-Inclusive?
All-inclusive resorts can be found all over the island. If you wish to stay on an all-inclusive with foods, drinks, entertainment, and activities offered, here are some all-inclusive resorts you can choose from in Barbados:
Turtle Beach by Elegant Hotel, The Club, Barbados Resort & Spa, Tamarind by Elegant Hotels
The Soco Hotel, Sandals Royal Barbados, Waves Hotel & Spa by Elegant Hotels, Sugar Bay Barbados
Mango Bay Hotel, Treasure Beach by Elegant Hotels, Sea Breeze Beach House by Ocean Hotels
Is Sandy Lane Barbados All Inclusive?
Sandy Lane Barbados is not all-inclusive. Sandy Lane is a high-end hotel and luxurious resort. It has swimming pools, kid's clubs, restaurants, gyms, saunas, spas, tennis courts, and even a golf course.
In St. James in Barbados, a room at Sandy Lane costs approximately $2000 on a high season and $1300 on a low season. It is higher compared to any other hotel in the Caribbean.
Are There Two Sandals in Barbados?
There are two Sandals in Barbados – the Sandals Barbados and Sandals Royal Barbados. Both of them cover a magnificent view of Barbados' waters.
What Is the Difference Between Sandals Barbados and Sandals Royal Barbados?
Although both are in St. Lawrence Gap and on the private stretch of stunning Dover Beach, Sandals Barbados and Sandals Royal Barbados have their differences.
As to the number of rooms, Sandals Barbados has 280 rooms while Sandals Royal Barbados has 222 suites. And since the latter is newer, they updated most of its facilities and have more contemporary accommodation. Sandals Barbados, a couple-exclusive resort, has European pools and banquet rooms for meetings. It also has a beachfront village that gives a magnificent view of the beach and offers a variety of cuisines. It has a more nightlife vibe.
Meanwhile, Sandals Royal Barbados, an all-inclusive resort, has its rooftop where you can find its pool, bar, and restaurant all at the same time. It is the first in Barbados, and the same goes for its bowling alley and donut shop. If you want a more sophisticated and laid-back atmosphere, this resort suits you!
Which Sandals in Barbados Are Newer?
Sandals Royal Barbados is newer than the two Sandals in Barbados since it opened in December 2017 with its 14-acre 222 suites. Sandals Barbados opened in January 2015 with its 280 rooms.
What Coast Is Sandals Barbados on?
Sandals Barbados is on the south coast of Barbados. This resort is on the stretch of Dover Beach in St. Lawrence Gap. Sandals Barbados is also quite near Barbados' airport, Grantley International Airport.
Is Sandals Barbados on the West Coast?
Sandals Barbados is not on the west coast. It is on the south coast of Barbados, directly across from Dover Beach's long, silky white sands.
Which Parish Is Sandals Barbados in?
Sandals Barbados is in Christ Church Parish. It is one of the largest parishes in Barbados.
Christ Church Parish was built in 1935. However, it was destroyed four times by flood, hurricane, and fire. The fifth and present constructed building shows three of the burnt church's walls and its western tower.
How Close Are the Two Sandals Resorts in Barbados?
Sandals Barbados and Sandals Royal Barbados are about 20 meters away from each other. You can walk to get to the other resort.
Also, the two sandals have shared amenities, so if you are staying on Sandals Barbados, you can enjoy some activities in Sandals Royal and vice versa. Some of these shared amenities are the bowling alley, rooftop pool, and bar.
Can You Walk From Sandals Barbados to Sandals Royal Barbados?
You can walk from Sandals Barbados to Sandals Royal Barbados. The two sandals resort is close to each other by about 20 meters.
Is Sandals Royal Barbados a Private Beach?
Sandals Royal Barbados is not a private beach. It is a luxury resort set on the stretch of private Dover Beach in St. Lawrence Gap.
Is Sandals Barbados For Couples Only?
Sandals Barbados is for couples only. With a relaxing and romantic vacation, only couples are allowed to stay in Barbados. You and your loved one can try different activities such as scuba diving, kayaking, snorkeling, playing tennis, and having a massage. Or you can simply relax and eat fresh seafood and drink rum punches.
If you are going alone, with your family or friends, you can try other beach resorts the island has.
Which Sandals Resort in Barbados Is the Best?
The best Sandals Resorts depends on what you prefer to experience and enjoy while in Barbados. Sandals Barbados has a more nightlife vibe, while Sandals Royal Barbados has a more sophisticated atmosphere. You can choose which Sandals Resorts is for you, but the two Sandals have shared amenities. So, you can still experience the other if you choose between the two!
Is Barbados a Safe Island to Visit for Tourists (What to Avoid)?
Where Exactly Is Barbados Located (and What Is the Language and Culture Like)?
Where to Go in Barbados (Bridgetown vs. Holetown vs. Speightstown vs. St Lawrence Gap vs. St James)?
Why is Oistins Fish Fry So Famous (and What Else Should I Do in Oistins)?
What Is Speightstown Known for (Guide to the Charming Barbados Port)?
What Are Some Celebrations in Barbados (How to Experience Crop Over Carnival)?


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Firstly, I did not vote for the PM's deal: Well over 2000 constituents have written to me and I am sorry if this is a disappointment to you, but bear with me and please let me explain. I did not vote for the PM's deal because I do not believe it was in the best interests of the people of Canterbury, Whitstable, the local villages or for the UK as a whole.
I do not believe that any Government should take a decision that, when confronted with the evidence, would be wilfully choosing to make its people poorer. That is why in the EU referendum, I voted for the remain option. This is a decision I would still take given what we now know.
As you know, UC is a single payment which will replace six means-tested benefits and tax credits for working-age individuals and families. It is the Government's flagship welfare reform and I am concerned that it has been plagued by problems in its design and delivery. I agree that the rollout should be stopped.
UC was designed to lift people out of poverty and smooth the transition into work to ensure that it always pays. However, the reality is that UC has acted as a vehicle for cuts and caused real hardship for many people across the UK.
Rosie Duffield MP @RosieDuffield1
Canterbury, Kent. canterburylabour.org.uk
Labour MP Canterbury, Whitstable, the villages @5050Parliament.Member: UNISON, GMB, CWU, Co-op, JLM, OpenLabour, @CommonsWorkPen [email protected]
16323 Tweets


This section discusses the various activities that must happen before you can close on your loan, and tells you what will happen at the closing meeting, including what types of documents you can expect to receive.
The mortgage loan closing (or settlement) is the meeting at which you take official ownership of the house. You'll be required to sign many papers and pay your closing costs at the meeting in order to take possession of your new Vero Beach real estate property. Technically, two separate closings occur at this time: the closing of your loan and the closing of the sale. Then, at the end of the meeting, you get the keys to your new Vero Beach home!
Although the closing process varies from state to state, and even within the same county or city, certain activities are standard. It is to your benefit to understand the many activities that need to occur before, during, and after the closing meeting and their costs. Of course, as your buyer's agent, I will assist you every step of the way in the closing process!
In the weeks before closing, you'll need to make some important decisions. Your lender, your buyer's broker, and your closing agent will be handling many pre-closing activities. But you still need to be aware of them and know who typically arranges and pays for each activity.
No later than three business days after your loan application was received, your lender should have delivered or mailed to you a "good faith estimate" of the total charges due at closing and a copy of the government publication Settlement Costs: A HUD Guide. Then, one business day before the closing meeting, your closing agent must allow you to review a copy of your two-page settlement form -- called the HUD-1 Settlement Statement.
The good-faith-estimate is based on the lender's typical loan origination costs for the area where your home is located. So the estimate usually changes between application and closing. That is why you'll want to review your settlement form before the closing meeting. It will show you the actual amount of money you'll need to bring to closing. Remember, you'll need to pay your closing costs in the form of a certified or cashier's check. Personal checks usually aren't accepted.
Closing costs vary widely depending on price, location, and other factors. Overall, you can expect your closing costs to amount to between 3 percent and 6 percent of the sales price.
The closing meeting is where ownership of your Vero Beach home is officially transferred from the seller to you. Your closing agent (or attorney) coordinates all of the document signing and the collection and disbursement of funds. Your main role at the closing is to review and sign the numerous documents related to the mortgage loan and to pay the closing costs.
Most of the people involved with the purchase of your new Vero Beach home will attend your loan closing. The closing is a formal meeting typically attended by the buyer(s) and the seller(s) (and their attorneys if they have them), both real estate sales professionals, a representative of the lender, and, of course, the closing agent (attorney). The meeting takes about one hour and usually is held at the closing agent's office.
First, the closing agent reviews the settlement sheet with you and the seller and answers any questions. Both you and the seller sign the settlement sheet.
The closing agent then asks you to sign the other loan documents, such as the mortgage note and Truth-in-Lending statement. Evidence of required insurance and inspections is also presented (if it wasn't previously given to the lender).
If everyone agrees that all papers are in order, you (and the seller) submit a certified or cashier's check to cover the closing costs and the balance of funds due (if applicable). And, the check from the lender covering the mortgage amount is submitted to the closing agent.
If the lender will be paying your annual property taxes and homeowner's insurance for you, a new escrow account (or reserve) is established at this point.
You receive the keys to your new Vero Beach home.
After the meeting, the closing agent officially records the mortgage and deed at your local government clerk's office or registry of deeds. This legal transfer of the property may take a few days after closing. The closing agent usually will not disburse the funds to everyone who is owed money from the sale (including the seller, real estate professionals, and the lender) until the transaction has been recorded. It is at the point of deed recordation where you become the official owner of the home.
You will receive a number of important documents at the closing meeting. Review this list of documents before you go to the closing table, so you will be prepared for the documents you will receive.
The settlement sheet itemizes the services provided and lists the charges to the buyer and the seller. It is filled out by your closing agent and must be signed by both you and the seller. You should have been allowed to review this form on the business day before your closing meeting so you will know your closing costs in advance.
Within three business days of applying for a loan to purchase a home, your lender should have given you this document, which outlines the costs of your loan. You receive it at that time so you may compare the loan costs with those of other lenders. The TIL statement also discloses the annual percentage rate (APR). The APR is the cost of your mortgage as a yearly rate. This rate may be higher than the interest rate stated in your mortgage because the APR includes any points, and certain other costs of credit. The TIL statement also discloses the other terms of the loan, including the finance charge, the amount financed, the payment amount, and the total payments required.
It is possible the APR calculated at your loan application will change at closing. This is why your lender is required to give you the final version of your TIL statement at or prior to the closing meeting.
The mortgage (or promissory) note is a legal "IOU." The note represents your promise to pay the lender according to the agreed terms of the loan, including the dates on which your mortgage payments must be made and the location to which they must be sent.
The note also details the penalties that will be assessed if you fail to make your monthly mortgage payments. And, it warns you that the lender can "call" the loan (require full repayment before the end of the loan term) if you violate the terms of your note or mortgage.
The mortgage is the legal document which secures the note and gives the lender a legal claim against your house if you default on the note's terms. In effect, you have possession of the property, but the lender has an ownership interest (called an "encumbrance") until the loan has been fully repaid.
The mortgage restates the basic information found in the note. It also states your responsibilities to pay principal and interest, taxes, and insurance on time; to maintain hazard insurance on the property; and to adequately maintain the property and not allow it to deteriorate. If you consistently fail to meet these requirements, the lender can demand full payment of the loan balance or foreclose on the property, sell it, and use the proceeds to pay off the outstanding loan and the foreclosure costs.
In some states, a "deed of trust" is used instead of a mortgage. By signing a deed of trust, you receive title to the property but convey title to a neutral third party (called a trustee) until the loan balance is paid.
You may be asked to sign numerous affidavits. For example, you may be required to sign an affidavit of occupancy, which states you will use the property as a principal residence. Or you and the seller may need to sign an affidavit stating that all of the improvements to the property that were required in the sales contract were completed before closing. Ask your lender whether you'll be required to sign any affidavits at closing.
Only the seller signs the deed at closing. It is the document which transfers ownership from the seller to you. Your name and the names of any other buyers appear on the deed. You'll receive a copy of the deed at the closing. The closing agent then records the deed (with you listed as the new property owner). The deed will be sent to you after it is recorded.
Ask Jim DiMarzo, Premier Estate Properties , about closing process in Vero Beach.


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Under Pressure in Atlanta: School Accountability and Special Education Practices During the Cheating Scandal
by Brittany Aronson, Kristin M. Murphy & Andrew Saultz - 2016
Purchase Under Pressure in Atlanta: School Accountability and Special Education Practices During the Cheating Scandal
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Cite This Article as: Teachers College Record Volume 118 Number 14, 2016, p. 1-26
Taking Cheating Seriously: Academic Honesty without Sanctimony
�Failure� Irrelevant: Virtual Schools and Accountability-Immunity
A Historical Perspective on Validity Arguments for Accountability Testing
Accountability and �Racing to the Top� in New York State: A Report from the Front Lines
Accountability, Assessment, and Performance Issues: We've Come a Long Way . . . or Have We?
Evaluating Students With Disabilities and Their Teachers: Use of Student Learning Objectives
Untold Narratives: African Americans Who Received Special Education Services and Succeeded Beyond Expectations
None of the Above: The Untold Story of the Atlanta Public Schools Cheating Scandal, Corporate Greed, and the Criminalization of Educators
Drowning in Data: Assessment�s Role in Low Retention Rates for Special Education Teachers
Letter from the Field of Special Education
Post a Comment | Read All
Brittany Aronson
E-mail Author
BRITTANY ARONSON earned her doctorate in 2014 in Learning Environments and Educational Studies. She currently serves as a Visiting Assistant Professor at Miami University and teaches undergraduate and graduate coursework in teacher leadership and multicultural education. She recently published �Culturally Relevant Education: A Synthesis Across Content Areas� in Review of Educational Research. Her research interests include critical teacher preparation, social justice education, multicultural education, and educational policy.
Kristin Murphy
KRISTIN M. MURPHY is an Assistant Professor of Special Education at University of Massachusetts Boston. Her research interests include enactment of policy in exclusionary schools including correctional, hospital, and other alternative settings, and professional learning opportunities for urban school leaders and teachers. She recently served as a co-author on �Responsibilities and Instructional Time: Relationships Identified by Special Educators in Self-Contained Classes for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities,� published in Preventing School Failure.
Andrew Saultz
ANDREW SAULTZ is an Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership at Miami University. His research focuses on how school accountability impacts the relationships between levels of government, the teacher labor market, and parental satisfaction with schools. He recently served as a co-author on articles including �Parent Trigger Policies, Representation, and The Public Good,� published in Theory and Research in Education, and �Exploring the Supply Side: Factors Related to Charter School Openings in NYC,� published in Journal of School Choice.


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Tag: Bells
Of First Nights and Jingle Bells
I can still remember making my stage debut in a High School play called The Curious Savage. I did actually make my debut much earlier. I was a Jingle Bell in the first grade Christmas play.
I came out on the stage on cue and stood there. I was supposed to jingle my bell (and doesn't that sound bad). I instead simply stood there, solemnly gazing at the audience. I then turned around and sauntered off. A fact that my mother will never forget, to this day she finds it hysterically funny.
But my first proper debut was in the tenth grade of High School. I was the only 'serious' character in a comedy filled with 'crazy' people. I was cast, as I often would be, as an authority figure. I was Dr Emmett the staff doctor who looks after his charges with a caring and humane touch.
The play, The Curious Savage, is about an eccentric widow whose husband has left her a fortune. Ten million dollars worth of a fortune. Her step children are trying to have her committed and declared mentally incompetent. Then they will have free reign over the money.
I do not remember very much of the play at all. I do remember the radio commercial I did for it and can still recite it verbatim. The only line that I can remember from the play was a quite serious one, I was the 'serious' character after all.
The line, probably the only one I did not have trouble delivering, was this: "Well, that is an ever present symptom of psychotic thinking." I say the only line, because I do remember getting tongue tied repeatedly in rehearsals. In fact the only other line I can remember is the two word sentence, "Mrs Paddy" which for some reason I insisted on saying as "Mrs Paddy-fi."
As this happened during our last dress rehearsal, our teacher/director was bordering on the apoplectic. "NOO! NOT MRS PADDY-FII!" She shrieked out for the sixth or seventh time straight that I said it. Finally she gave up getting me to say it properly, muttering something about " It will have to be all right on the night," which completely confused me at the time.
So, opening night and we have gone through the vast majority of the play. I had not slaughtered or mangled any of my lines and even said, "Mrs Paddy" instead of Paddy-fi. I was just beginning to deliver my 'quite serious' line when from the silence of the auditorium came a lone voice. It was high-pitched and in perfect tone. Drifting up slowly and with feeling were the lyrics to Jingle Bells.
"Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells, Jingle all the way" nervous laughter came from the audience and although I had instinctively stopped my composure was almost completely shot.
I could feel hysterical laughter threatening to burst out of my mouth. Using every bit of self discipline I had, I managed to not giggle or even snort. I did say my line, but it sounded something like this:
"Well (pause) it is on aver prassent systom of (pause) psychactic thinking(gasp)." The audience managed to not fall in the aisles in gales of laughter, but it was a close thing.
I found out later that it had been my old Public Speaking teacher's daughter who was about four or five years old. She had been sitting of the front row which was why I could hear her so well. I did ask him to let me know when she would be performing so I could return the favour. He was highly amused by this and said sure.
Despite this initial 'not so brilliant' start, I decided that I wanted to be an actor. Because even then, I could not miss the irony of my first public appearance as a silent jingle bell and having a Jingle Bell come back to not-so silently taunt me.
Jingle Bells (articles4friends.com)
J is for Jellicle and Jingle Bells (treegirly.com)
Jingle Bell Music Wristbands (tinyleafstudio.com)
Author Mike's Film TalkPosted on July 1, 2012 Categories Blog, EntertainmentTags acting, Arts, Bell, Bells, Christmas, Curious Savage, entertainment, High School, Jingle, Jingle bell, play, Programs, Public Speaking, stage, StageplayLeave a comment on Of First Nights and Jingle Bells


text:
Der Wettkampf der Frauen im Degenfechten bei den Olympischen Spielen 2012 in London fand am 30. Juli 2012 im Exhibition Centre London statt.

Titelträger

Zeitplan
 1. Runde: 30. Juli 2012, 10:30 Uhr (Ortszeit)
 2. Runde: 30. Juli 2012, 10:30 Uhr (Ortszeit)
 Achtelfinale: 30. Juli 2012, 10:30 Uhr (Ortszeit)
 Viertelfinale: 30. Juli 2012, 10:30 Uhr (Ortszeit)
 Halbfinale: 30. Juli 2012, 18:00 Uhr (Ortszeit)
 Gefecht um Bronze: 30. Juli 2012, 19:00 Uhr (Ortszeit)
 Finale: 30. Juli 2012, 19:40 Uhr (Ortszeit)

Ergebnis

Finalrunde

Obere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte

Weblinks
 Fechten auf der offiziellen Homepage von London 2012

Degen Frauen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Hypsioma chapadensis är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Dillon 1945. Hypsioma chapadensis ingår i släktet Hypsioma och familjen långhorningar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Paraguay. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
chapadensis


text:
Q: Lambda calculus: Apply in Scala I imagined this would work. Am I doing something clearly wrong?
val apply = (f: Any => Any, v: Any) => f(v)
val square = (x: Int) => x * x

I imagined apply(square, 10) would result in 100.
But I get an error:
:15: error: type mismatch;
 found   : Int => Int
 required: Any => Any
       apply(square, 100)

What I am missing here?

A: Functions are covariant in their return types, but contravariant in arguments.
Int => Int is a subclass of Int => Any, but not of Any => Int or Any => Any (if it was, you could use in a context where, for example, a String parameter is passed in, and it would not be able to handle it, because it wants an Int).
Cosider this:
val foo: Function[Int, Int] = { x => x * x }
def bar(f: Any => Any)(arg: Any): Any = f(arg)

bar(foo)("foo") //???

The if Int => Int was a subclass of Any => Any, then the last line would be valid. But it cannot be, because it would result in foo being called with a String parameter.
Note, on the other hand, that Any => Int is a subclass of Int => Int (you can use the former anywhere the latter is required). This is what being "contravariant" means.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Windows Mobile 6.5 Windows Mobile 6.5 operating system provides new today screen and faster speed of response time of touch screen. Also, its scrolling display is very finger-friendly to use work applications.
Marvell PXA-320 806MHz Powerful CPU speed with "High-Tier" guarantees faster graphic process and memory access.
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Whereas on Wednesday during registration time all Year 9 pupils were briefed for the Thursday morning to Friday night annual trip to Ypres. Mrs Croydon,who has organised this trip in conjunction with Anglia Battlefield Tours for many years, gave the pupils a final run down of what to bring (and what not to bring), as well as other tips from the benefit of her experience in order to ensure all those accompanying the trip would be able to gain maximum educational value from what is a very moving, and for much of the time a sombre, trip. Having received confirmation the coach had arrived in Calais to be greeted by torrential rain, and since been informed the weather has remained the same, I am sure the pupils are grateful for the last minute reminder to bring boots and waterproofs. I wish them all a safe return this evening.
Year 11 artists have continued work on their Fauve Project, painting in the artists' style, experimenting with ground or palette knives, as well as evidencing visual links to the artists' style. Year 11 historians were taken through an examination question grid which encouraged pupils to develop one another's answers in order to reach top marks. Year 7 pupils have been mapping out electrical circuits, whilst other Year 7 scientists were heating purple crystals to show convection currents. In Design & Technology Year 8 pupils have been soldering their own circuits and developing designs for lamps. Year 9 pupils investigated the origins of the enigma machine.These of course are just a few of the lessons I have dropped in to observe.
We may have a week's holiday upon us, but when we return there will be plenty taking place. During the first week after half term we will be actively collecting for The Royal British Legion Poppy Appeal 2016 ahead of our annual Service of Remembrance on Friday 11th November. There are trips planned for post half term too as the Year 8 pupils will spend a day orienteering on Monday 7th November before being taken to a production of Sweeney Todd on Thursday 10th November. Additionally, there is also a swimming gala, two parent consultation evenings, a National Public Speaking competition and the photographer is returning to the school to take family photographs all within the first few weeks back. That should be enough to keep all busy in addition to lessons, homework and after school clubs.
There have been two Open Mornings this week for prospective parentswhich have been particularly popular with parents of children currently in Years 5 and 6. Pupils in Year 8 and 9 were chosen as tour guides, and each undertook the role with due diligence. I am always proud of the way in which pupils present themselves on such occasions, particularly when it is often the case that many have triumphed over an initial lack of confidence when joining the school.


Even Stevens' Christy Carlson Romano is pregnant!
Posted on June 24, 2016 by Jenny S. by Jenny S.
Christy Carlson Romano already knows what her favorite Christmas present will be this year – a baby girl! The Even Stevens actress and her husband, Brendan Rooney, are expecting their first child, and she's due on Christmas Day!
The actress and singer, who voiced the lead of Disney's Kim Possible and played the role of Belle on Broadway in 2004, has been very busy both behind and in front of the camera this year. She just wrapped her directorial debut, the holiday film Christmas All Over Again.
This will be the first child for the couple; they married in 2013 after meeting several years earlier at Columbia University.


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Silverlight is only supported on Internet Explorer, and Microsoft has announced that it will stop the support entirely on October 2021.
WPF only runs on Windows. It doesn't run on Mac OS, it doesn't run on Chromebooks, and it doesn't run on mobile devices.
WPF requires deployment and installation, it cannot be easily integrated in an intranet, and it doesn't run inside the web browser.
Why not rewrite the application from scratch?
Do you offer development services to port Silverlight/WPF applications?
Yes, we have a very experienced team dedicated to the migration of Silverlight and WPF applications. We have already successfully ported many applications to HTML5, and we are constantly migrating Silverlight and WPF applications using CSHTML5.
To get an estimate for the work needed and cost, please contact us at: sales@cshtml5.com - Usually we start by signing an NDA, then you send us your source code, we analyze it, and we send you a proposal that contains the cost, the schedule, the deliverables, and the terms.
Note: please know that, due to the high number of demands that we are currently receiving, our team's availability varies. The sooner you contact us, the sooner we can guarantee the capacity and allocate the resources for your migration project.
Can I do the migration by myself?
Yes, you can also do the migration by yourself by purchasing the CSHTML5 Migration Edition and following this step-by-step tutorial. You can either do the migration entirely on your own, or you can get some assistance from us. As we are very flexible, you can choose the level of assistance that best suits your needs. For example, you can have meetings with us on a regular basis, or you can have us do some specific developments, or you can hire us to do the whole migration (cf. previous question).
What if a feature is not supported?
- If you hire us to do the full migration, we take care of implementing all the workarounds in your application, and every time that we make a change to your source code, we mark it with a "#if CSHTML5" compiler directive, so that you can easily track it and see what has been modified.
If we are still coding in C# and XAML, and CSHTML5 compiles it to HTML5, then what happens to our code base in C#/XAML when Silverlight goes end of life?
After the migration you won't be coding in Silverlight or WPF any longer, but rather in .NET Standard, C#, and XAML (Note: a standard for XAML is in the works by Microsoft and will be supported by CSHTML5 as soon as it is ready), so your code base will become completely independent from Silverlight or WPF, and mostly compatible with the many other .NET Standard-based technologies and platforms.
While in the short term you will keep using CSHTML5 to compile your code to HTML5 - note that you do have access to the full source code of CSHTML5 so you are fully independent -, in the longer term you will be able to choose between a variety of alternative compilers. Microsoft itself is working on an open-source C# to WebAssembly compiler (cf. the Mono WASM repository), which by the way we plan to support in CSHTML5 as soon as it is ready.
How does the application come back to us in terms of the GUI?
The converted application GUI comes back very similar to the original one. By default, to ensure the best performance, basic controls such as buttons have flat styles (ie. they have a uniform background rather than a LinearGradientBrush), but those are very minor changes, and it is possible to obtain almost the exact same GUI as the original application if needed. Only third-party controls may render slightly differently depending on which JS libraries are used to replace them (read below, or contact us for more information).
After the conversion, you will be able to adjust the GUI. In fact, the source code is delivered to you in the form of a Visual Studio solution that contains only C# and XAML files (very similar to your original application), so you will be familiar with it and you will be able to adjust the GUI to suit your needs. You will then be able to make new versions by simply modifying the C# and XAML code and recompiling.
How do you handle the migration of Telerik, Devexpress, Infragistics, Syncfusion, ComponentOne, and other third-party controls?
For example, the calls to the "Telerik UI for Silverlight" controls are usually mapped to the "Telerik Kendo UI for jQuery" controls. Your C#/XAML code remains unchanged but the underlying implementation is rendered via "Telerik Kendo UI for jQuery" instead of "Telerik UI for Silverlight".
Even though the functionality of a third-party control can be huge (take the Syncfusion Spreadsheet control for example), it often requires only very few lines of code to make it available to the migrated application, so this "adapters" approach can be really powerful and cost-effective.
An internal tool that is able to analyze your application code to identify which classes and methods are used, and then automatically extract the public signature of those methods to generate empty proxy classes.
We then finish the work by manually mapping each used feature.
Regardless of whether you hire us to do the full migration of your application or only to implement those "adapter" projects, we deliver to you the full source code of those projects, as well as the tools that were involved in their generation.
To get an estimate for the work needed and cost, please contact us at: sales@cshtml5.com - Usually we start by signing an NDA, then you send us your source code, we analyze it, and we send you a proposal.
Note: please know that, due to the high number of demands that we are currently receiving, our team's availability varies. The sooner you let us know about your migration project, the sooner we can allocate resources to help you.