With the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development it is important to track and assess the contributions of business to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The project Business Contribution to the SDGs - A Student Assessment, was created to engage students in addressing this challenge through research of public documents including company sustainability reports and Communication on Progress Reports (COPs) submitted annually by UN Global Compact company participants. WikiRate provides a platform to spur corporations to be transparent and responsive by making data about their social and environmental impacts useful and available. Researchers, students and others can contribute to the database with data companies report according to leading corporate sustainability reporting frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and other metrics recommended in the SDG Compass. As companies currently submit their Communication on Progress (COP) reports and other sustainability reports as PDFs, data points are difficult to access, compare and use for research and performance assessment. This assignment contributes to making this data available to all stakeholders for comparison and learning.
This project aims to introduce students to a collaborative research environment where you can contribute to the collection and analysis of data on companies' performance as it relates to the SDGs. On WikiRate, students (working individually or in groups) can choose to contribute to an existing research projects or design their own.
Keep in mind the assignment allows for flexibility in the research and research questions you will ask. You can follow a pre-structured research path (depending on your course requirements) or develop your own. The WikiRate team can support you in the process of creating analyses of your data on the platform through supporting calculated metric set-up.
Sign up to WikiRate by clicking the Join button. Add a username (your name, student number etc.), add your email address and password, then click Submit.
The assignment consists of researching one company and checking the research another student has done. The reasoning behind researching one company and double checking another is to gain exposure to the diversity of reports and reporting styles. You may encounter two very straight forward CSR reports, but more likely, you will start to see the different ways companies contextualize and calculate the data provided. This alone will provide insight as well as creating a point of comparison for any reflection or analysis of the data that follows.
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is an international independent standards organization that helps companies and other organizations understand and communicate their impacts on issues like climate change, human rights and corruption. The GRI standards are the most prominently used reporting standards by companies around the globe. See the newest standard here.
Select the companies to be researched and find data sources (CSR reports and UN Global Compact Communication on Progress Reports). We suggest starting by looking through the UN Global Compact's database of companies here: Advanced reporters and Active reporters; as well as the Global Reporting Initiative's Sustainability Disclosure Database.
Use the Project below to conduct your company research. Add your company to the Project if it's not already there by clicking on the edit icon to the right of companies to add new companies to the page). As you add answers to the research page, check the metrics' methodology to make sure you are reporting the data correctly.
Every value or data point on WikiRate must have a source. Your source may be found in the UN Global Compact Database linked above, or you can visit the GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database here to search for your company's report. Either download the report or click link to PDF report to find the correct URL. If you get stuck, watch this short video tutorial on how to add a source to WikiRate..
*Important: WikiRate is a dynamic platform with new information being added and updated. If you come across something you did not anticipate, see if there are ways to adapt. For example - say you have chosen or been assigned a company to research, yet it seems like the data is already complete - check whether there are other years you can research for that company, or if needed, choose a new company. Your ingenuity will help you in learning and adapting to this dynamic research space.
Conduct analysis. Analyze company reporting as indicated by your professor and course requirements. This may be a report or presentation including a data analysis and/or qualitative analysis of your work.
Congrats you did it! If you want to share your analysis on WikiRate or to conduct data analysis through the WikiRate platform, contact us here.
Projects. If you are answering a new research question, you can create a new Project frame on WikiRate and add the set of metrics and companies you've chosen to research. This tutorial walks you through how to create a new project.
Metrics. To find out more about metrics, browse the Metric page, and read about the definitions of different types of metrics on WikiRate (calculated and researched).
Sources. Add a source for research and citation see the tutorial here.
Extras. You may export data from a project or metric page for analysis off the platform.
Using WikiRate. For trouble-shooting and guidance on using WikiRate.
Student research FAQs. Answers to questions frequently asked by students using WikiRate for research for assignments.
WikiRate Values & Principles. Community principles are essential for wiki-type sites to function and help to develop communities of knowledge sharing.
If you have any questions about the research or there's something you want to discuss, please start a conversation on the relevant project page. Use the "Add Conversation" button at the bottom of a project page, or see if there's already a similar conversation you could contribute to. The WikiRate team will be checking these spaces regularly.
Technical support. For reporting bugs.
Data research (GRI research best practices). Metric research is not always a question of finding a number and adding this value to WikiRate – different companies may calculate these numbers in different ways or vary in terms of the scope of who/what is covered. It's helpful to have fellow researchers around to discuss the quality of data and what it actually means. Information about how a data-point was calculated, or the scope of operations it covers, is important to interpreting that value properly. Best practice on WikiRate is to always write down your methods for finding a value and the context where you found it, as a "comment" to the answer you submit (On what page number did you find the data? Is it presented with background information? Did you have to do a calculation to work out the right value?). This creates the background necessary to understand a value, and allows for a discussion around the data-point itself.
Discussion: You can use the WikiRate platform to communicate general questions or start conversations around specific topics.


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Andrew Jackson As A Hero
May 26, 2019 admin American
Before Donald Trump took office, the Treasury Department announced plans to replace the portrait of slave-owning president.
Andrew Jackson, the seventh US President (1829-1837), began life on March. one of the worst British defeats in history, and it made Jackson a national hero.
The role of Andrew Jackson in the history of the United States of America. Known as the hero of the common man, he owned a large plantation with slaves and.
Apr 16, 2008 · It's a wonder Andrew Jackson was able to defeat the British during the War of 1812. And found the modern Democratic Party. And become President of the United States. After all, Jackson.
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin delayed a redesign to add national hero Harriet Tubman to the $20 bill during. For now,
Dec 29, 2017. As part of his publicity campaign for his new book, Andrew Jackson and the Miracle of New Orleans: The Battle That Shaped America's Destiny,
Grover Cleveland, who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, was pictured on the front of the $20 bill for 14 years, until his image was replaced in 1928 by Andrew. Jackson.
Tubman is widely regarded as an American hero, having escaped the world of slavery that. A redesign of the bill, which.
Martin Luther King And Jacob Rothschild Aug 28, 2013 · Speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. against the "triple evils of racism, economic exploitation, and militarism." Audio. This speech was released by Black Forum records, a subsidiary of Motown, and went on to win a Grammy (in 1972, according to Wikipedia, in 1970, according to Grammy website) for the Best Spoken Word Recording. Jan 14, 2019 · It's
Nov 21, 2008. I have already lambasted apologists for Jackson in two places: "Time to Retire ' An American Original'", and "Truth v. Myth: Andrew Jackson.
Andrew Jackson. The Hero of New Orleans, Nathaniel Currier. D'Amour Museum of Fine Arts. Man in uniform on horseback facing viewer. Horse's front hoofs.
May 2, 2017. Andrew Jackson has experienced a resurgence of interest because of. " Progressives of the early 20th century saw him as a popular hero who.
Andrew Jackson's defeat of the British in the Battle of New Orleans. During his campaign for president, Jackson leaned heavily on his victory, and was often referred to as the "Hero of New Orleans.
The Hermitage was the plantation home of Andrew Jackson, seventh president. The charisma of "Old Hickory," his renown as a military hero and Indian fighter,
Title: Genl. Andrew Jackson: the hero of New Orleans; Contributor Names: N. Currier (Firm); Created / Published: New York : Published by N. Currier, [between.
Tennessee 4 Me – Age of Jackson – The period from 1820 to 1860 was a time of great change in the United States. The country was rapidly growing, and the people were changing. As more people settled on land and became prosperous, there was a growth in the middle.
Beautiful Babies, For those of you interested in the "Broken Bride"-inspired music I just posted about, there's an exclusive up right now on the Hot Problems PledgeMusic page.
Oct 29, 2009 · Andrew Jackson's Military Career. Andrew Jackson, who served as a major general in the War of 1812, commanded U.S. forces in a five-month campaign against the.
Others may think of history as a lens. Donald Trump regards it as a mirror. On Wednesday, he traveled to Tennessee to commemorate the 250th birthday of the seventh president, Andrew Jackson, and.
Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) had become a wealthy Tennessee lawyer and rising young politician by 1812, when war broke out between the United States and Britain. His leadership in that conflict earned.
War Hero. As a general, Andrew Jackson made quick, decisive actions to take the War of 1812 into his own hands, even if his troops were the underdogs.
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin has sparked outrage from lawmakers after announcing that American hero Harriet Tubman will.
Visit The Hermitage, Home of President Andrew Jackson, in Nashville, Tennessee. Experience the historical mansion, museum and grounds of The Hermitage.
Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States had a nickname. People. Jackson became a national folk hero during the war of 1812 and won his.
That's because the bill, under a plan set forth by President Obama, would replace slave owner, "Indian" hater and Trump hero.
Andrew Jackson Houston (June 21, 1854 – June 26, 1941) was an American politician.He was a son of the famous Texas hero and statesman Sam Houston and his wife Margaret Lea Houston, and was named for his father's mentor Andrew Jackson…
Stamps designed to imprint Harriet Tubman's face on the $20 bill have sold out, a day after the Trump administration delayed.
He came from humble beginnings in a log cabin. But he still became President of the United States. Who was Andrew Jackson? How did he earn the name the "Hero of New Orleans?" Take this quiz to test your knowledge on Andrew Jackson.
The beginning of his term has featured controversial executive orders and frequent conflicts with the media. The beginning of the president's term has featured controversial executive orders and.
Andrew Jackson, byname Old Hickory, (born March 15, 1767, Waxhaws region, South Carolina [U.S.]—died June 8, 1845, the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.), military hero and seventh president of the United States (1829–37).He was the first U.S. president to come from the area west of the Appalachians and the first to gain office by a direct appeal to the mass of voters.
Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said during a congressional hearing Wednesday that a redesign of the $20 bill to feature.
Brinkley American History Outline In his preface to "The Great Deluge," Douglas Brinkley writes. David Oshinsky is the Littlefield professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin. His most recent book, "Polio: An American. Perkins' travel expertise has led to frequent television appearances, including ABC's "Good Morning America" and "This Week with David Brinkley," "The. guide I ever had through an American
Christopher Columbus Middle Name He was there in 1992 when Chicanos protested the 500-year anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival. He hosted as El Bandido — the bandit. The name was an homage to Joaquin Murrieta, a hero to. Like a McLaren F1 or the more recent Speedtail, the driver sat in the middle of the ample. In regards to the concept's name, Italdesign decided
Brief biography of Andrew Jackson in The War of 1812. withdraw from the region. The political future of the "Hero of New Orleans" was secured by this victory.
Apr 21, 2016 · Tubman, an African-American and a Union spy during the Civil War, would bump Jackson — a white man known as much for his persecution of Native Americans as for his war heroics and advocacy for.
Nov 09, 2009 · Did you know? During the U.S. Civil War, Andrew Carnegie was drafted for the Army; however, rather than serve, he paid another man $850 to report for.
Andrew Jackson was the son of Andrew and Elizabeth Jackson. He was born on March 15, 1767 in the Waxhaws area, a Scottish-Irish community situated between the.
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. A major general in the War of 1812, Jackson became a national hero when.
Mar 26, 2017. Andrew Jackson rose from poverty to become a lawyer, landowner, New Orleans, that elevated him to national prominence and hero status.
At the conclusion of a long public process, President Obama and Treasury Secretary Jack Lew conceived of an elegant plan:.
The Indian World Of George Washington Discover details about the life and career of George Washington, a military and political leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and the first U.S. president. Learn more at. the father of a country of immigrants from around the world. So when Sam Davis, a well-known George Washington impersonator, blamed "all the Indian people" in his town for
Donald Trump has frequently expressed his admiration for the country's seventh president, Andrew Jackson. Jackson was a genuine war hero and fighter of Native Americans, including pursuing the.
The story played off a controversial comment Trump made on May 1 about former President Andrew Jackson, whom Trump readily admires. was a "tremendous Civil War hero." "Trump, a noted fan of.
Andrew Jackson Timeline Timeline Description: Andrew Jackson was the seventh president in America. He was a well-known war hero, and his nickname was "Old Hickory" because he was tough as wood. He is remembered for many good points in his presidency, but also for several bad points.
Declaration Of Independence Grievances Answers In which section of the Declaration of Independence is the purpose of government described? the Preamble, the body, the conclusion, the grievances. The Indian World Of George Washington Discover details about the life and career of George Washington, a military and political leader of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and the first U.S. president. Learn more at. the
Andrew Jackson considered himself a spokesperson for the common man. Growth, expansion and social change rapidly followed the end of the War of 1812. Many an enterprising American pushed westward. In the new western states, there was a greater level of.
Meyer: Dorchester County celebrates Harriet Tubman as an 'American Hero.' Trump should take note. The Post's View: Don't.
Nov 30, 2018 · Distinguished American Hero Lieutenant General Andrew Bruce Explains Why The Nuremberg Trials Were A Dangerous Farce
Andrew Jackson 1767-1845 A brief biography A National Hero – The Battle of New Orleans, Winter 1814-15 Winter 1814-15 In late 1814, the British opened a two pronged attack on the U.S. Coming up the Chesapeake, they ran the government out of Washington City (as it was called then), burned much of the city, including the White House and the Capitol, and shelled nearby Baltimore.
Civil rights advocates have fought for years for Tubman's image to replace that of President Andrew Jackson, a slave owner,
In the War of 1812 Jackson defeated the Creek warriors, tacit allies of the British, at Horseshoe Bend , Ala. (Mar., 1814) after a strenuous campaign and won the.
Andrew Jackson considered himself a spokesperson for the common man. As a military hero, a frontiersman, and a populist, Jackson enchanted the common.
Stream full episodes of Andrew Jackson: Hero Under Fire only on Fox Nation. Become a member today for exclusive content & more!
Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaw settlement, Jackson became a hero, second in the national pantheon only to George.
Life Of Benjamin Franklin Movie The Declaration Of Independence Today PHILADELPHIA (AP) — President Donald Trump's hiring freeze has led to the closure of a replica of the home where Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Union representatives tell. PHILADELPHIA — In a second-floor gallery at the Fabric Workshop and Museum here on Saturday, a woman used a dish towel printed with an image
These soldiers are viewed as national heroes whose leadership skills have. Andrew Jackson carried this sword during the southern campaign of the War of.
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of Congress.As president, Jackson sought to advance the rights of the "common man" against a.
Andrew Jackson summary: Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. He was a first-generation American, the son of Irish immigrants. He worked hard to advance socially and politically. His actions during the War of 1812—especially his overwhelming victory against British troops at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815—and the Creek War made him a national hero.
Andrew Jackson has a complicated legacy. On the one hand, he was a populist hero and a venerated war general. On the other hand, he enslaved persons,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Congratulations to the award-winning books of 2009! We're honored to see these IVP books recognized by the media, bloggers, and general readers.
The only way to change culture is to create culture. Andy Crouch unleashes a stirring manifesto calling Christians to be culture makers. He unpacks the complexities of how culture works and gives us tools for cultivating and creating culture in partnership with God's own making and transforming of culture.
Conflict resolution and peacemaking are not enough. What makes real reconciliation possible? Emmanuel Katongole and Chris Rice work from their experiences in Uganda and Mississippi to recover distinctively Christian practices that will help the church be both a sign and an agent of God's reconciling love in the fragmented world of the twenty-first century.


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Eayrestown is an unincorporated community located within Lumberton Township in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. The settlement is named for Richard and Elizabeth Eayres, the first settlers of the site in the 1600s. It was also the first settlement in what is now Lumberton Township. The settlement, located along the South Branch Rancocas Creek, was the site of numerous saw and gristmills early in its history and a picnic grove that attracted people from around the area. Today, numerous farms and housing developments dot the area.

References

Lumberton Township, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Burlington County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Strategy x
Achieving a Strategic Sales Focus: Contemporary Issues and Future Challenges
Kenneth Le Meunier-FitzHugh and Tony Douglas
Business and Management, Strategy, Marketing
This book considers how the sales function informs business strategy. There are many books that address how to manage the sales team tactically, however, this text addresses how sales can help ... More
This book considers how the sales function informs business strategy. There are many books that address how to manage the sales team tactically, however, this text addresses how sales can help organizations to become more customer-oriented. Many organizations are facing escalating costs and growing customer power, making it necessary to allocate resources more strategically. The sales function can provide critical customer and market knowledge to help inform both innovation and marketing. Sales build customer knowledge; network both internally and externally to create additional customer value; and manage customer relationships and selling. The text considers how sales organizations are responding to increasing competition, more demanding customers, and a more complex selling environment. Possible solutions to the many challenges facing organizations are discussed. The book considers the changing nature of sales and how activities can be aligned within the organization, as well as market-sensing, creating customer focus, and the role of sales leadership. Short case studies by a range of organizations operating in various industries are provided. Sales and senior management play an important role in ensuring sales teams' activities are aligned to business strategy and in creating an environment that allows salespeople to successfully new business opportunities and build long-term profitable business relationships. The book also considers how academic sales literature has changed in the last five years and integrates it with examples from sales practice to provide a more complete picture of the role of sales within the modern organization.Less
Achieving a Strategic Sales Focus : Contemporary Issues and Future Challenges
Kenneth Le Meunier-FitzHughTony Douglas
This book considers how the sales function informs business strategy. There are many books that address how to manage the sales team tactically, however, this text addresses how sales can help organizations to become more customer-oriented. Many organizations are facing escalating costs and growing customer power, making it necessary to allocate resources more strategically. The sales function can provide critical customer and market knowledge to help inform both innovation and marketing. Sales build customer knowledge; network both internally and externally to create additional customer value; and manage customer relationships and selling. The text considers how sales organizations are responding to increasing competition, more demanding customers, and a more complex selling environment. Possible solutions to the many challenges facing organizations are discussed. The book considers the changing nature of sales and how activities can be aligned within the organization, as well as market-sensing, creating customer focus, and the role of sales leadership. Short case studies by a range of organizations operating in various industries are provided. Sales and senior management play an important role in ensuring sales teams' activities are aligned to business strategy and in creating an environment that allows salespeople to successfully new business opportunities and build long-term profitable business relationships. The book also considers how academic sales literature has changed in the last five years and integrates it with examples from sales practice to provide a more complete picture of the role of sales within the modern organization.
Keywords: sales, sales leadership, sales teams, customer relationship management, customer orientation, marketing
Aligning for Advantage: Competitive Strategies for the Political and Social Arenas
Thomas C. Lawton, Jonathan P. Doh, and Tazeeb Rajwani
Business and Management, Strategy
In Aligning for Advantage, it is argued that to deliver successfully on a company's overarching purpose and intent, competitive strategy needs to be synchronized with strategies for political and ... More
In Aligning for Advantage, it is argued that to deliver successfully on a company's overarching purpose and intent, competitive strategy needs to be synchronized with strategies for political and regulatory activism and social and environmental engagement. Moreover, these market and nonmarket strategies must be equally attuned with, and informed by, the corporate vision, values, and objectives. The ability to align with and across both the market and the nonmarket is a key determinant of competitive advantage in a multipolar world economy. A managerial process and a conceptual framework are advanced for aligning a company's business objectives and market positions with its political requirements and social obligations. Strategic alignment is a pragmatic and proactive approach for modern enterprises to engage with the forces and events affecting their business choices and actions at home and abroad. Companies must strive for a balanced and mutually reinforcing approach to corporate strategy, political activity, and social responsibility. In some cases, alignment may mean deep, strategically embedded partnerships with governments, NGOs, or other stakeholders. In others, alignment may consist of looser, more ad hoc collaborations with outside organizations and institutions. Whatever the approach, the relationship between nonmarket and market strategies should be conscious and deliberate, not accidental or artificially constructed. Truly aligned strategies seek to reconcile and modulate the sometimes conflicting external demands that a company encounters in a way that is appropriate for the firm's geographic and market positions, while at the same time leveraging the overall nonmarket strategy as a source of competitive advantage.Less
Aligning for Advantage : Competitive Strategies for the Political and Social Arenas
Thomas C. LawtonJonathan P. DohTazeeb Rajwani
In Aligning for Advantage, it is argued that to deliver successfully on a company's overarching purpose and intent, competitive strategy needs to be synchronized with strategies for political and regulatory activism and social and environmental engagement. Moreover, these market and nonmarket strategies must be equally attuned with, and informed by, the corporate vision, values, and objectives. The ability to align with and across both the market and the nonmarket is a key determinant of competitive advantage in a multipolar world economy. A managerial process and a conceptual framework are advanced for aligning a company's business objectives and market positions with its political requirements and social obligations. Strategic alignment is a pragmatic and proactive approach for modern enterprises to engage with the forces and events affecting their business choices and actions at home and abroad. Companies must strive for a balanced and mutually reinforcing approach to corporate strategy, political activity, and social responsibility. In some cases, alignment may mean deep, strategically embedded partnerships with governments, NGOs, or other stakeholders. In others, alignment may consist of looser, more ad hoc collaborations with outside organizations and institutions. Whatever the approach, the relationship between nonmarket and market strategies should be conscious and deliberate, not accidental or artificially constructed. Truly aligned strategies seek to reconcile and modulate the sometimes conflicting external demands that a company encounters in a way that is appropriate for the firm's geographic and market positions, while at the same time leveraging the overall nonmarket strategy as a source of competitive advantage.
Keywords: nonmarket strategy, competitive advantage, alignment, corporate strategy
America's Competitive Secret: Women Managers
Judy B. Rosener
The United States has a large number of well-educated, experienced professional women ready, willing, and able to move into the boardrooms and executive suites of corporate America. They represent a ... More
The United States has a large number of well-educated, experienced professional women ready, willing, and able to move into the boardrooms and executive suites of corporate America. They represent a great, untapped economic resource and this book argues that this is America's competitive secret. Drawing on in-depth interviews with top executives and middle managers, and the latest research on working women and organizational change, the author describes the unique contribution of female professionals. Her profiles of top women managers reveal that they cope well with ambiguity, are comfortable sharing power, and tend to empower others' leadership traits that lead to increased employee productivity, innovation, and profits. The book offers evidence that the changes that help organizations more fully utilize the talents of women are the same changes that will give them an important edge in today's global workplace. The author explains why the glass ceiling still prevents many competent women from reaching the upper echelons of management. She analyses why women and men are perceived and evaluated differently at work, and provides new insight into the feelings of men who are asked to interact with women in new roles when there are few new rules. The book shows that removing the glass ceiling can no longer be viewed solely in terms of social equity—it is now an economic imperative.Less
America's Competitive Secret : Women Managers
The United States has a large number of well-educated, experienced professional women ready, willing, and able to move into the boardrooms and executive suites of corporate America. They represent a great, untapped economic resource and this book argues that this is America's competitive secret. Drawing on in-depth interviews with top executives and middle managers, and the latest research on working women and organizational change, the author describes the unique contribution of female professionals. Her profiles of top women managers reveal that they cope well with ambiguity, are comfortable sharing power, and tend to empower others' leadership traits that lead to increased employee productivity, innovation, and profits. The book offers evidence that the changes that help organizations more fully utilize the talents of women are the same changes that will give them an important edge in today's global workplace. The author explains why the glass ceiling still prevents many competent women from reaching the upper echelons of management. She analyses why women and men are perceived and evaluated differently at work, and provides new insight into the feelings of men who are asked to interact with women in new roles when there are few new rules. The book shows that removing the glass ceiling can no longer be viewed solely in terms of social equity—it is now an economic imperative.
Keywords: working women, executives, middle managers, organizational change, productivity, innovation, profits, global workplace, glass ceiling, social equity
Between Enterprise and Ethics: Business and Management in a Bimoral Society
John Hendry
This book explores the evolution and origins of contemporary moral culture, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses for managers and business leaders. It is argued that in today's bimoral ... More
This book explores the evolution and origins of contemporary moral culture, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses for managers and business leaders. It is argued that in today's bimoral society, people govern their lives by two contrasting sets of principles: those associated with traditional morality and its duties and obligations, which remain powerful even though the authorities supporting them have been considerably weakened; and those associated with the pursuit of self-interest, which have escaped their traditional constraints and acquired a degree of social legitimacy unparalleled in history. The tensions arising from this situation are apparent in all areas of social life, but are especially so in business. The same developments that have led to the bimoral society have also led to new, more flexible forms of organizing that have released people's entrepreneurial energies and significantly enhanced the creative capacities of business organizations. Working within such organizational cultures, however, is fraught with moral tensions as obligations and self-interest conflict and managers are pulled in all sorts of different directions. As the technical problem-solving that previously characterized managerial work is increasingly accomplished by technology and market mechanisms, the key tasks of management become those of political and moral leadership: determining purposes and priorities, reconciling divergent interests, and nurturing trust in interpersonal relationships. The book also explores the challenge for societies developing forms of corporate governance appropriate to the new environment.Less
Between Enterprise and Ethics : Business and Management in a Bimoral Society
This book explores the evolution and origins of contemporary moral culture, with a particular focus on the challenges it poses for managers and business leaders. It is argued that in today's bimoral society, people govern their lives by two contrasting sets of principles: those associated with traditional morality and its duties and obligations, which remain powerful even though the authorities supporting them have been considerably weakened; and those associated with the pursuit of self-interest, which have escaped their traditional constraints and acquired a degree of social legitimacy unparalleled in history. The tensions arising from this situation are apparent in all areas of social life, but are especially so in business. The same developments that have led to the bimoral society have also led to new, more flexible forms of organizing that have released people's entrepreneurial energies and significantly enhanced the creative capacities of business organizations. Working within such organizational cultures, however, is fraught with moral tensions as obligations and self-interest conflict and managers are pulled in all sorts of different directions. As the technical problem-solving that previously characterized managerial work is increasingly accomplished by technology and market mechanisms, the key tasks of management become those of political and moral leadership: determining purposes and priorities, reconciling divergent interests, and nurturing trust in interpersonal relationships. The book also explores the challenge for societies developing forms of corporate governance appropriate to the new environment.
Keywords: morality, self-interest, moral culture, leadership, organizational culture, corporate governance
Beware the Winner's Curse: Victories that Can Sink You and Your Company
G. Anandalingam and Henry C. Lucas
In the case of an acquisition or a merger, it is very often the case that when an individual or company perceives itself to be the winner, subsequent events will show that the victory was overvalued. ... More
In the case of an acquisition or a merger, it is very often the case that when an individual or company perceives itself to be the winner, subsequent events will show that the victory was overvalued. Both psychological and market based forces often lead managers to greatly overestimate what they are buying, resulting in the "winner's curse". In an effort to grow their companies, competitive and overly confident managers with high compensation packages make rash decisions. The pressure put on values by the stock market, stock analysts, and investment bankers is coupled with the presence of a bidding psychology. When senior management experiences "buyer's remorse", having made overly optimistic forecasts about the future of the company, a true financial "curse" often ensues. In the event that a company does "win" by making it to the top of its industry, complacency or hubris caused by a sense of invulnerability often conspire to move the company out of the winner's column. This book examines the phenomenon of the "winner's curse". It presents a number of cases illustrating the curse, and examines the reasons for it in each instance. It also looks at situations where CEOs decided to walk away from "winning" because of their sober ability to trade-off the risks of winning versus the real returns. In particular, the last chapter presents a series of "take-aways" for any manager to follow to avoid the winner's curse.Less
Beware the Winner's Curse : Victories that Can Sink You and Your Company
G. AnandalingamHenry C. Lucas
In the case of an acquisition or a merger, it is very often the case that when an individual or company perceives itself to be the winner, subsequent events will show that the victory was overvalued. Both psychological and market based forces often lead managers to greatly overestimate what they are buying, resulting in the "winner's curse". In an effort to grow their companies, competitive and overly confident managers with high compensation packages make rash decisions. The pressure put on values by the stock market, stock analysts, and investment bankers is coupled with the presence of a bidding psychology. When senior management experiences "buyer's remorse", having made overly optimistic forecasts about the future of the company, a true financial "curse" often ensues. In the event that a company does "win" by making it to the top of its industry, complacency or hubris caused by a sense of invulnerability often conspire to move the company out of the winner's column. This book examines the phenomenon of the "winner's curse". It presents a number of cases illustrating the curse, and examines the reasons for it in each instance. It also looks at situations where CEOs decided to walk away from "winning" because of their sober ability to trade-off the risks of winning versus the real returns. In particular, the last chapter presents a series of "take-aways" for any manager to follow to avoid the winner's curse.
Keywords: mergers, acquisitions, hubris, managerial optimism, compensation, growth pressures, bidding psychology, investment banking, stock
Building an International Financial Services Firm: How Successful Firms Design and Execute Cross-Border Strategies
Markus Venzin
Business and Management, Finance, Accounting, and Banking, Strategy
A new era of global banking and insurance is emerging, with leading banks eager to serve international markets. This book explores the issues that arise for banks in their strategic choices as they ... More
A new era of global banking and insurance is emerging, with leading banks eager to serve international markets. This book explores the issues that arise for banks in their strategic choices as they move into these new international markets. This book challenges conventional assumptions from the international management literature on topics such as the limits of globalization, the importance of cultural and institutional distance, the nature of economies of scale and scope, the existence of first mover advantages, the logic behind the global value chain configuration, the speed and timing of market entry, as well as organizational architecture. It focuses on fundamental strategic decisions such as when, where, and how to enter foreign markets and how to design the organizational architecture of the multinational financial services firm. Using simple theoretical frameworks illustrated by case examples, this book provides a guide to the challenges of the international market for financial services firms.Less
Building an International Financial Services Firm : How Successful Firms Design and Execute Cross-Border Strategies
A new era of global banking and insurance is emerging, with leading banks eager to serve international markets. This book explores the issues that arise for banks in their strategic choices as they move into these new international markets. This book challenges conventional assumptions from the international management literature on topics such as the limits of globalization, the importance of cultural and institutional distance, the nature of economies of scale and scope, the existence of first mover advantages, the logic behind the global value chain configuration, the speed and timing of market entry, as well as organizational architecture. It focuses on fundamental strategic decisions such as when, where, and how to enter foreign markets and how to design the organizational architecture of the multinational financial services firm. Using simple theoretical frameworks illustrated by case examples, this book provides a guide to the challenges of the international market for financial services firms.
Keywords: global banking, global insurance, international markets, globalization, economies of scale, first mover advantage, foreign market
Building the Flexible Firm: How to Remain Competitive
Henk W. Volberda
Business and Management, Strategy, Organization Studies
How do firms cope with changing environments? Is flexibility really the solution? How can we measure a firm's flexibility? Can a more flexible firm be created? Based on an Igor Ansoff Award-winning ... More
How do firms cope with changing environments? Is flexibility really the solution? How can we measure a firm's flexibility? Can a more flexible firm be created? Based on an Igor Ansoff Award-winning study this book shows how flexibility has become the new strategic challenge for contemporary firms. Although traditional organizational forms have worked well in the relatively stable environments of the past, the globalization of markets, rapid technological change, shortening product life cycles, and increasing aggressiveness of competitors have radically altered the ground rules for competing in the 1990s and beyond. Increased competition forces firms to move more quickly and boldly than before, and to experiment in ways that do not conform to traditional administrative theory. This book offers a wealth of insights into the way firms can increase their flexibility. It is based on extensive interviews with practitioners and supported by many longitudinal case studies on flexibility improvement within large corporations. The book provides a strategic framework which explains what types of flexibility are effective under different organizational conditions and environmental characteristics. It also demonstrates an integrated method for diagnosing a firm's flexibility and for guiding the transition to greater flexibility and responsiveness.Less
Building the Flexible Firm : How to Remain Competitive
How do firms cope with changing environments? Is flexibility really the solution? How can we measure a firm's flexibility? Can a more flexible firm be created? Based on an Igor Ansoff Award-winning study this book shows how flexibility has become the new strategic challenge for contemporary firms. Although traditional organizational forms have worked well in the relatively stable environments of the past, the globalization of markets, rapid technological change, shortening product life cycles, and increasing aggressiveness of competitors have radically altered the ground rules for competing in the 1990s and beyond. Increased competition forces firms to move more quickly and boldly than before, and to experiment in ways that do not conform to traditional administrative theory. This book offers a wealth of insights into the way firms can increase their flexibility. It is based on extensive interviews with practitioners and supported by many longitudinal case studies on flexibility improvement within large corporations. The book provides a strategic framework which explains what types of flexibility are effective under different organizational conditions and environmental characteristics. It also demonstrates an integrated method for diagnosing a firm's flexibility and for guiding the transition to greater flexibility and responsiveness.
Keywords: flexibility, firms, globalization, technological change, life cycles, responsiveness, environmental characteristics
Business Model Innovation: The Organizational Dimension
Nicolai J Foss and Tina Saebi (eds)
Business and Management, Innovation, Strategy
Business model innovation is an important source of competitive advantage and corporate renewal. An increasing number of companies have to innovate their business models, not just because of ... More
Business model innovation is an important source of competitive advantage and corporate renewal. An increasing number of companies have to innovate their business models, not just because of competitive forces but also because of the ongoing change from product-based to service-based business models. Yet, business model innovation is also a massive organizational change process that challenges existing processes, structures and modes of control. The specific angle, and the novel feature of this book, is to thoroughly examine the organizational dimension of business model innovation. Drawing on organizational theory and empirical observation, the contributors specifically highlight organizational design aspects of business model innovation, focusing on how reward systems, power distributions, routines and standard operating procedures, the allocation of authority, and other aspects of organizational structure and control should be designed to support the business model the firm chooses. Also discussed are how existing organizational structures, capabilities, beliefs, cultures and so on influence the firm's ability to flexibly change to new business models.Less
Business Model Innovation : The Organizational Dimension
Business model innovation is an important source of competitive advantage and corporate renewal. An increasing number of companies have to innovate their business models, not just because of competitive forces but also because of the ongoing change from product-based to service-based business models. Yet, business model innovation is also a massive organizational change process that challenges existing processes, structures and modes of control. The specific angle, and the novel feature of this book, is to thoroughly examine the organizational dimension of business model innovation. Drawing on organizational theory and empirical observation, the contributors specifically highlight organizational design aspects of business model innovation, focusing on how reward systems, power distributions, routines and standard operating procedures, the allocation of authority, and other aspects of organizational structure and control should be designed to support the business model the firm chooses. Also discussed are how existing organizational structures, capabilities, beliefs, cultures and so on influence the firm's ability to flexibly change to new business models.
Keywords: Business model innovation, business models, organizational design, organizational theory, dynamic capabilities, transaction cost economics, strategy
The Business of Systems Integration
Andrea Prencipe, Andrew Davies, and Michael Hobday (eds)
In the past decade or so, systems integration has become a key factor in the operations, strategy, and competitive advantage of major corporations in a wide variety of sectors (e.g., computing, ... More
In the past decade or so, systems integration has become a key factor in the operations, strategy, and competitive advantage of major corporations in a wide variety of sectors (e.g., computing, automotive, telecommunications, military systems, and aerospace). In the past, systems integration was confined to a technical, operations task. Today, systems integration is a strategic task that pervades business management not only at the technical level, but also at the management and strategic levels. This book shows how and why this new kind of systems integration has evolved into an emerging model of industrial organization whereby firms and groups of firms join together different types of knowledge, skill, and activity as well as hardware, software, and human resources to produce new products. The business of systems integration has fundamental implications for the capabilities of firms. Firms have made a transition from being vertically integrated to being the integrator of somebody else's activities. The book delves deeply into the nature, dimensions, and dynamics of the new systems integration, deploying research and analytical techniques from a wide variety of disciplines including, the theory of the firm, the history of technology, industrial organization, regional studies, strategic management, and innovation studies.Less
In the past decade or so, systems integration has become a key factor in the operations, strategy, and competitive advantage of major corporations in a wide variety of sectors (e.g., computing, automotive, telecommunications, military systems, and aerospace). In the past, systems integration was confined to a technical, operations task. Today, systems integration is a strategic task that pervades business management not only at the technical level, but also at the management and strategic levels. This book shows how and why this new kind of systems integration has evolved into an emerging model of industrial organization whereby firms and groups of firms join together different types of knowledge, skill, and activity as well as hardware, software, and human resources to produce new products. The business of systems integration has fundamental implications for the capabilities of firms. Firms have made a transition from being vertically integrated to being the integrator of somebody else's activities. The book delves deeply into the nature, dimensions, and dynamics of the new systems integration, deploying research and analytical techniques from a wide variety of disciplines including, the theory of the firm, the history of technology, industrial organization, regional studies, strategic management, and innovation studies.
Keywords: firm strategy, firm organization, firm capabilities, modularity, systems engineering, competitive advantage, business model, complex products
Business Strategy: Managing Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Enterprise
J.-C. Spender
Managers, strategy consultants, and strategy and entrepreneurship teachers will find this book's new paradigm illuminating. In non-academic style the author takes off from the Knightian uncertainties ... More
Managers, strategy consultants, and strategy and entrepreneurship teachers will find this book's new paradigm illuminating. In non-academic style the author takes off from the Knightian uncertainties or knowledge absences that pervade business and make strategizing both necessary and valuable. He sketches a structured practice that managers and consultants might choose to follow, not a theory. Firms create value only by acting out newly imagined solutions to the opportunities that uncertainties open up. Strategic judgment is the necessary complement to rigorous analysis as these are engaged. Spender follows philosophy's turn to language, suggesting firms form first as an idiosyncratic constructed language (jargon) that helps their participants select what to pay attention to and interpret what they learn. The entrepreneur's/CEO's most fundamental task is thus to create and control the firm's language (its business model) and thereby its knowledge. The arc of practice–uncertainty–judgment–rhetoric–collaborative practice—turns strategy discourse on its head, presenting it as a constructive value-creating activity rather than the application of theory. This also shows how strategic work is morally and ethically burdened. Chapter 1 introduces these ideas. Chapters 2 and 3 review the languages implicit in consultants' strategic tools and academics' theories of the firm. Chapter 4 analyses the constraints to innovative strategic language that, in Chapter 5, is used to draw in the judgments of those others the entrepreneur needs to build a viable firm. Chapter 6 considers the context of private sector strategic work today. There are appendices on case-work, teaching strategy, current strategy texts, and further reading.Less
Business Strategy : Managing Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Enterprise
Managers, strategy consultants, and strategy and entrepreneurship teachers will find this book's new paradigm illuminating. In non-academic style the author takes off from the Knightian uncertainties or knowledge absences that pervade business and make strategizing both necessary and valuable. He sketches a structured practice that managers and consultants might choose to follow, not a theory. Firms create value only by acting out newly imagined solutions to the opportunities that uncertainties open up. Strategic judgment is the necessary complement to rigorous analysis as these are engaged. Spender follows philosophy's turn to language, suggesting firms form first as an idiosyncratic constructed language (jargon) that helps their participants select what to pay attention to and interpret what they learn. The entrepreneur's/CEO's most fundamental task is thus to create and control the firm's language (its business model) and thereby its knowledge. The arc of practice–uncertainty–judgment–rhetoric–collaborative practice—turns strategy discourse on its head, presenting it as a constructive value-creating activity rather than the application of theory. This also shows how strategic work is morally and ethically burdened. Chapter 1 introduces these ideas. Chapters 2 and 3 review the languages implicit in consultants' strategic tools and academics' theories of the firm. Chapter 4 analyses the constraints to innovative strategic language that, in Chapter 5, is used to draw in the judgments of those others the entrepreneur needs to build a viable firm. Chapter 6 considers the context of private sector strategic work today. There are appendices on case-work, teaching strategy, current strategy texts, and further reading.
Keywords: business strategy, decision-making, Knightian uncertainty, judgment, value creation, entrepreneurship, private sector, knowledge absence, knowledge presences, intention, industry recipe
Collaborating for Our Future: Multistakeholder Partnerships for Solving Complex Problems
Barbara Gray and Jill Purdy
Business and Management, Organization Studies, Strategy
Organizations turn to multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) to meet challenges they cannot handle alone. By tapping diverse stakeholders' resources, MSPs develop the capability to address complex ... More
Organizations turn to multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) to meet challenges they cannot handle alone. By tapping diverse stakeholders' resources, MSPs develop the capability to address complex issues and problems, such as health care delivery, poverty, human rights, watershed management, education, sustainability, and innovation. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of MSPs, why they are needed, the challenges partners face in working together, and how to design them effectively. Through the process of collaboration partners combine their differing strengths, vantage points, and expertise to craft innovative responses to pressing societal concerns. The book offers valuable advice for leaders about how to design and scale up effective partnerships and how to address potential obstacles partners may face, such as dealing with the conflicts and power issues likely to arise as partners negotiate with each other. Drawing on three comprehensive cases and countless shorter examples from around the world, the book offers practical advice for organizations embarking on an MSP, as well as theoretical understanding of how partnerships function. Using an institutional theory lens, it explains how partnerships can effect change in institutional fields by reducing turbulence and negotiating a common set of norms and routines to govern partners' future interactions within the field of concern. Topics covered include: the nature of working collaboratively, why partnerships are needed, types of partnerships, guidelines for partnership design, partnerships and field dynamics, how to deal with conflicts among partners, negotiating across power differences, partnerships for sustainability, collaborative governance, working across scale differences, and how partnerships transform fields.Less
Collaborating for Our Future : Multistakeholder Partnerships for Solving Complex Problems
Barbara GrayJill Purdy
Organizations turn to multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) to meet challenges they cannot handle alone. By tapping diverse stakeholders' resources, MSPs develop the capability to address complex issues and problems, such as health care delivery, poverty, human rights, watershed management, education, sustainability, and innovation. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of MSPs, why they are needed, the challenges partners face in working together, and how to design them effectively. Through the process of collaboration partners combine their differing strengths, vantage points, and expertise to craft innovative responses to pressing societal concerns. The book offers valuable advice for leaders about how to design and scale up effective partnerships and how to address potential obstacles partners may face, such as dealing with the conflicts and power issues likely to arise as partners negotiate with each other. Drawing on three comprehensive cases and countless shorter examples from around the world, the book offers practical advice for organizations embarking on an MSP, as well as theoretical understanding of how partnerships function. Using an institutional theory lens, it explains how partnerships can effect change in institutional fields by reducing turbulence and negotiating a common set of norms and routines to govern partners' future interactions within the field of concern. Topics covered include: the nature of working collaboratively, why partnerships are needed, types of partnerships, guidelines for partnership design, partnerships and field dynamics, how to deal with conflicts among partners, negotiating across power differences, partnerships for sustainability, collaborative governance, working across scale differences, and how partnerships transform fields.
Keywords: collaboration, partnerships, multistakeholder initiatives, solving complex problems, cross-sector partnerships, institutional fields, institutional change, resolving conflicts, sustainability, collaborative governance
Competition, Competitive Advantage, and Clusters: The Ideas of Michael Porter
Robert Huggins and Hiro Izushi (eds)
Harvard professor, Michael Porter has been one of the most influential figures in strategic management research over the last three decades. He infused a rigorous theoretical framework of industrial ... More
Harvard professor, Michael Porter has been one of the most influential figures in strategic management research over the last three decades. He infused a rigorous theoretical framework of industrial organization economics with the then still embryonic field of strategic management and elevated it to its current status as an academic discipline. Porter's outstanding career is also characterized by its cross-disciplinary nature. Following his most important work on strategic management, he then made a leap to the policy side and dealt with completely different set of analytical units from his earlier work. More recently he has made a foray into inner city development, environmental regulations, and health care services. Throughout these explorations Porter has maintained his integrative approach, seeking a road that links management case studies and the general model building of mainstream economics. Porter's cross-disciplinary exploration has created tensions within the various fields to which he has contributed, and his work on both strategic management and economic development has met with criticism. With expert contributors from a range of disciplines including strategic management, economic development, economic geography and planning, this book assesses the contribution Michael Porter has made to these respective disciplines. It clarifies the sources of tension and controversy relating to all the major strands of Porter's work, and provides – academics, students and practitioners – managers and policymakers – with a key and critical guide for the application of Porter's models. The book highlights that while many of the criticisms of Porter's are valid, they are almost an inevitable outcome for a scholar who has sought to build bridges across wide disciplinary valleys. His efforts have provided others with a toolbox of frameworks to explore in more depth the nature of competition, competitive advantage, and clusters from a range of vantage points, such as firm, nation, or regional levels.Less
Competition, Competitive Advantage, and Clusters : The Ideas of Michael Porter
Harvard professor, Michael Porter has been one of the most influential figures in strategic management research over the last three decades. He infused a rigorous theoretical framework of industrial organization economics with the then still embryonic field of strategic management and elevated it to its current status as an academic discipline. Porter's outstanding career is also characterized by its cross-disciplinary nature. Following his most important work on strategic management, he then made a leap to the policy side and dealt with completely different set of analytical units from his earlier work. More recently he has made a foray into inner city development, environmental regulations, and health care services. Throughout these explorations Porter has maintained his integrative approach, seeking a road that links management case studies and the general model building of mainstream economics. Porter's cross-disciplinary exploration has created tensions within the various fields to which he has contributed, and his work on both strategic management and economic development has met with criticism. With expert contributors from a range of disciplines including strategic management, economic development, economic geography and planning, this book assesses the contribution Michael Porter has made to these respective disciplines. It clarifies the sources of tension and controversy relating to all the major strands of Porter's work, and provides – academics, students and practitioners – managers and policymakers – with a key and critical guide for the application of Porter's models. The book highlights that while many of the criticisms of Porter's are valid, they are almost an inevitable outcome for a scholar who has sought to build bridges across wide disciplinary valleys. His efforts have provided others with a toolbox of frameworks to explore in more depth the nature of competition, competitive advantage, and clusters from a range of vantage points, such as firm, nation, or regional levels.
Keywords: Michael Porter, competition, competitive advantage, competitiveness, cluster, strategic management
Competitive Strategies in European Banking
Jordi Canals
Business and Management, Strategy, Finance, Accounting, and Banking
This book integrates both the changing structure of the commercial banking industry in Europe and the strategic implications of these changes. It begins by concentrating on the economics of banking, ... More
This book integrates both the changing structure of the commercial banking industry in Europe and the strategic implications of these changes. It begins by concentrating on the economics of banking, presenting an analysis of the principal environment forces affecting the financial sector: deregulation, internationalization, economic instability, technical change, and financial innovation. The second part offers valuable information on current trends in the five main EC countries. The analysis of each country includes a study of the recent evolution of its financial sector, in turn; each sector's inherent economic outlook in terms of profitability, costs, productivity, and competition; as well as the changes in the regulatory environment. The third part of the book is dedicated to an analysis of some of the strategic choices of European banks, such as scale, diversification, and internationalization. Finally, the pace of change within the European banking industry is evaluated, as well as how some of the banks are adapting to the new environment.Less
This book integrates both the changing structure of the commercial banking industry in Europe and the strategic implications of these changes. It begins by concentrating on the economics of banking, presenting an analysis of the principal environment forces affecting the financial sector: deregulation, internationalization, economic instability, technical change, and financial innovation. The second part offers valuable information on current trends in the five main EC countries. The analysis of each country includes a study of the recent evolution of its financial sector, in turn; each sector's inherent economic outlook in terms of profitability, costs, productivity, and competition; as well as the changes in the regulatory environment. The third part of the book is dedicated to an analysis of some of the strategic choices of European banks, such as scale, diversification, and internationalization. Finally, the pace of change within the European banking industry is evaluated, as well as how some of the banks are adapting to the new environment.
Keywords: commercial banking, Europe, strategic implications, economics, environment forces, financial sector, internalization
Cooperative Strategy: Managing Alliances, Networks, and Joint Ventures
John Child, David Faulkner, and Stephen Tallman
Strategic alliances are increasingly common, as many organizations look towards various partnering arrangements. This second edition of this text extends the first edition's comprehensive survey of ... More
Strategic alliances are increasingly common, as many organizations look towards various partnering arrangements. This second edition of this text extends the first edition's comprehensive survey of strategic alliances. It presents different disciplinary perspectives (economics, strategy, organization theory) and numerous examples from the corporate world. The text has been revised and updated, taking account of new theoretical models, and its coverage of case studies has been extended.Less
Cooperative Strategy : Managing Alliances, Networks, and Joint Ventures
John ChildDavid FaulknerStephen Tallman
Strategic alliances are increasingly common, as many organizations look towards various partnering arrangements. This second edition of this text extends the first edition's comprehensive survey of strategic alliances. It presents different disciplinary perspectives (economics, strategy, organization theory) and numerous examples from the corporate world. The text has been revised and updated, taking account of new theoretical models, and its coverage of case studies has been extended.
Keywords: strategic alliances, partnering arrangements, economics, organization theory, corporate models, theoretical models, case studies
Cooperative Strategy: Managing Alliances and Networks
John Child, David Faulkner, Stephen Tallman, and Linda Hsieh
Cooperation has become the leading strategy adopted by business and other organizations. It is taking on new forms that are adapted to changing market expectations and technological possibilities in ... More
Cooperation has become the leading strategy adopted by business and other organizations. It is taking on new forms that are adapted to changing market expectations and technological possibilities in the rapidly evolving business environment. This new edition of Cooperative Strategy provides a comprehensive view of the practical and theoretical literature concerning cooperative strategies, and the alliance and network organizational forms that are the enablers of these strategies. It takes the reader through the stages of developing a cooperative alliance, from choosing a cooperative form and selecting partners, to establishing an alliance and managing the process of cooperation. It examines cooperative strategies in different sectors as well as internationally, and discusses performance criteria and evolution of cooperation over time. With insights from internationally recognized experts on cooperative strategy, this book presents extensive research on the topic while also addressing practical issues of alliance management. Echoing the words of the famous social psychologist Kurt Lewin that "there is nothing so practical as a good theory," the authors provide a sound understanding of the theory and research on cooperative strategy so as to inform its practice. In this respect, this new edition follows its predecessor as an essential resource for both students and managers alike.Less
Cooperative Strategy : Managing Alliances and Networks
John ChildDavid FaulknerStephen TallmanLinda Hsieh
Cooperation has become the leading strategy adopted by business and other organizations. It is taking on new forms that are adapted to changing market expectations and technological possibilities in the rapidly evolving business environment. This new edition of Cooperative Strategy provides a comprehensive view of the practical and theoretical literature concerning cooperative strategies, and the alliance and network organizational forms that are the enablers of these strategies. It takes the reader through the stages of developing a cooperative alliance, from choosing a cooperative form and selecting partners, to establishing an alliance and managing the process of cooperation. It examines cooperative strategies in different sectors as well as internationally, and discusses performance criteria and evolution of cooperation over time. With insights from internationally recognized experts on cooperative strategy, this book presents extensive research on the topic while also addressing practical issues of alliance management. Echoing the words of the famous social psychologist Kurt Lewin that "there is nothing so practical as a good theory," the authors provide a sound understanding of the theory and research on cooperative strategy so as to inform its practice. In this respect, this new edition follows its predecessor as an essential resource for both students and managers alike.
Keywords: cooperation, strategy, alliance, network, alliance management, cooperative
Corporate Governance and Chairmanship A Personal View
Adrian Cadbury
Business and Management, Corporate Governance and Accountability, Strategy
Corporate governance has become a major issue in business over the last decade. The author of this book has played a central role in developing policies, good practice, and our understanding of the ... More
Corporate governance has become a major issue in business over the last decade. The author of this book has played a central role in developing policies, good practice, and our understanding of the complex issues involved. In 1992 the author chaired the committee, sponsored by the Bank of England, whose Report on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance (commonly known as the 'Cadbury Report') put issues of corporate governance on the map. Ten years on, the author now reflects on issues of corporate governance and chairmanship drawing on his own business and policy-making experience. This book discusses and explains the central issues of corporate governance; provides practical advice to chairmen and directors on their roles and responsibilities; and surveys the major codes of practice that have been developed in the last decade. It also considers the implications of the current review of company law and speculates on the implications of electronic developments for shareholders' voice and voting, the extent of a company's social responsibility, and the changing relationship between boards, managers, and investors. This book is both an informed commentary and a practical guide.Less
Corporate governance has become a major issue in business over the last decade. The author of this book has played a central role in developing policies, good practice, and our understanding of the complex issues involved. In 1992 the author chaired the committee, sponsored by the Bank of England, whose Report on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance (commonly known as the 'Cadbury Report') put issues of corporate governance on the map. Ten years on, the author now reflects on issues of corporate governance and chairmanship drawing on his own business and policy-making experience. This book discusses and explains the central issues of corporate governance; provides practical advice to chairmen and directors on their roles and responsibilities; and surveys the major codes of practice that have been developed in the last decade. It also considers the implications of the current review of company law and speculates on the implications of electronic developments for shareholders' voice and voting, the extent of a company's social responsibility, and the changing relationship between boards, managers, and investors. This book is both an informed commentary and a practical guide.
Keywords: corporate governance, Bank of England, Cadbury Report, chairmanship, company law, company social responsibility, codes of practice, electronic developments, shareholders
Corporations in Evolving Diversity: Cognition, Governance, and Institutional Rules
Masahiko Aoki
The 2008 financial crisis calls for a re-examination of the basic premise of the orthodox shareholder-oriented model of the corporate firm and its governance. This book tries to meet this challenge. ... More
The 2008 financial crisis calls for a re-examination of the basic premise of the orthodox shareholder-oriented model of the corporate firm and its governance. This book tries to meet this challenge. It posits that the primary raison d'être of business corporations is the organization of associative cognitive and physical actions to create corporate values broader than shareholders' values. It identifies five generic modes of organizational architecture distinguished by discrete combinations of human cognitive assets among management and workers, as well as their relationships to use-control rights of physical assets that are provided by the investors. For each of those architectural modes, a particular governance structure is associated as an essentially self-enforcing agreement among the three types of asset-holders. The selection of a corporate form from the possible varieties is evolutionarily conditioned and institutionally linked to stable outcomes of social and political games in which corporations are embedded and play. The book looks at the nature of the evolving diversity of the global corporate landscape and the rising importance of CSR, which contribute to the accumulation of corporate social capital. This evolving state appears to require the redefinition of the role of financial markets as informational, and governance infrastructures that are complimentary to diverse corporate organizations, rather than as dominant principals of corporations.Less
Corporations in Evolving Diversity : Cognition, Governance, and Institutional Rules
The 2008 financial crisis calls for a re-examination of the basic premise of the orthodox shareholder-oriented model of the corporate firm and its governance. This book tries to meet this challenge. It posits that the primary raison d'être of business corporations is the organization of associative cognitive and physical actions to create corporate values broader than shareholders' values. It identifies five generic modes of organizational architecture distinguished by discrete combinations of human cognitive assets among management and workers, as well as their relationships to use-control rights of physical assets that are provided by the investors. For each of those architectural modes, a particular governance structure is associated as an essentially self-enforcing agreement among the three types of asset-holders. The selection of a corporate form from the possible varieties is evolutionarily conditioned and institutionally linked to stable outcomes of social and political games in which corporations are embedded and play. The book looks at the nature of the evolving diversity of the global corporate landscape and the rising importance of CSR, which contribute to the accumulation of corporate social capital. This evolving state appears to require the redefinition of the role of financial markets as informational, and governance infrastructures that are complimentary to diverse corporate organizations, rather than as dominant principals of corporations.
Keywords: financial crisis, corporate governance, organizational architecture, cognition, institutions, co-evolution, corporate landscape, CSR, diversity
Creating and Capturing Value through Crowdsourcing
Christopher L. Tucci, Allan Afuah, and Gianluigi Viscusi (eds)
Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would ... More
Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world's largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. For example, the Best Paper Awards in 2012 for a record-setting three journals—the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Product Innovation Management, and Academy of Management Perspectives—were about crowdsourcing. In spite of the interest in crowdsourcing—or perhaps because of it—research on the phenomenon has been conducted in different research silos within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. The book aims to assemble papers from as many of these silos as possible since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. The papers provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both the private and public sectors.Less
Examples of the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing go back to at least 1714, when the UK used crowdsourcing to solve the Longitude Problem, obtaining a solution that would enable the UK to become the dominant maritime force of its time. Today, Wikipedia uses crowds to provide entries for the world's largest and free encyclopedia. Partly fueled by the value that can be created and captured through crowdsourcing, interest in researching the phenomenon has been remarkable. For example, the Best Paper Awards in 2012 for a record-setting three journals—the Academy of Management Review, Journal of Product Innovation Management, and Academy of Management Perspectives—were about crowdsourcing. In spite of the interest in crowdsourcing—or perhaps because of it—research on the phenomenon has been conducted in different research silos within the fields of management (from strategy to finance to operations to information systems), biology, communications, computer science, economics, political science, among others. In these silos, crowdsourcing takes names such as broadcast search, innovation tournaments, crowdfunding, community innovation, distributed innovation, collective intelligence, open source, crowdpower, and even open innovation. The book aims to assemble papers from as many of these silos as possible since the ultimate potential of crowdsourcing research is likely to be attained only by bridging them. The papers provide a systematic overview of the research on crowdsourcing from different fields based on a more encompassing definition of the concept, its difference for innovation, and its value for both the private and public sectors.
Keywords: Crowdsourcing, Crowd-Driven Innovation, Crowdfunding, Internal Crowdsourcing, Tournaments, Contests, Platforms, Co-creation, Boundary Spanning, Innovation Intermediaries
Crisis Management in a Complex World
Dawn R. Gilpin and Priscilla J. Murphy
Managers, business owners, public relations practitioners, and others grapple daily with issues that have the potential to radically redefine the reputation of a person, company, or industry. They ... More
Managers, business owners, public relations practitioners, and others grapple daily with issues that have the potential to radically redefine the reputation of a person, company, or industry. They confront a fundamental question about contemporary crisis management: to what extent is it possible to control events and stakeholder responses to them, in order to contain escalating crises or safeguard an organization's reputation? This book addresses this question head-on. This book operates from a strong theoretical orientation. This book pairs real-world examples from across the globe with theory-based analysis to show why simplification often fails to alleviate crises, and can even intensify them. The book proposes a complexity-based approach to organizational learning that can allow organizations to adapt quickly to changing circumstances.Less
Dawn R. GilpinPriscilla J. Murphy
Managers, business owners, public relations practitioners, and others grapple daily with issues that have the potential to radically redefine the reputation of a person, company, or industry. They confront a fundamental question about contemporary crisis management: to what extent is it possible to control events and stakeholder responses to them, in order to contain escalating crises or safeguard an organization's reputation? This book addresses this question head-on. This book operates from a strong theoretical orientation. This book pairs real-world examples from across the globe with theory-based analysis to show why simplification often fails to alleviate crises, and can even intensify them. The book proposes a complexity-based approach to organizational learning that can allow organizations to adapt quickly to changing circumstances.
Keywords: crisis management, stakeholder responses, reputation, theory-based analysis, simplification, complexity-based approach, organizational learning
Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy: A NAFTA Perspective
Alan Rugman, Julie Soloway, and John Kirton
Business and Management, Strategy, International Business
For many firms, the opening up of trade barriers meant unwelcome exposure to tough international competition. In order to protect themselves, many turned to local and national environmental ... More
For many firms, the opening up of trade barriers meant unwelcome exposure to tough international competition. In order to protect themselves, many turned to local and national environmental regulations, forming coalitions which enabled them to force out their opponents, even though they were often contravening international environmental agreements in doing so. With the recent emergence of international trade and environment regimes wielding substantial powers, however, comes the opportunity for outward-facing and innovative firms to utilize these regimes and so challenge the discriminatory obstacles which have been becoming ever more common. This adherence to environmental regulations has promoted a broad array of corporate strategies; a fact most visible in North America, where firms are making use of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This book develops a model of complex institutional responsiveness and demonstrates how this can guide firms through this new era of opportunities for international regulatory capture. Chapters apply the model within North America, identifying the implications for Europe and Asia. The research for the book is based on 300 confidential interviews with senior executives and officials in North American and European companies, national governments, and North American institutions, and it analyses twenty-four cases of firms who have either benefited or suffered from involvement with international institutions.Less
Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy : A NAFTA Perspective
Alan RugmanJulie SolowayJohn Kirton
For many firms, the opening up of trade barriers meant unwelcome exposure to tough international competition. In order to protect themselves, many turned to local and national environmental regulations, forming coalitions which enabled them to force out their opponents, even though they were often contravening international environmental agreements in doing so. With the recent emergence of international trade and environment regimes wielding substantial powers, however, comes the opportunity for outward-facing and innovative firms to utilize these regimes and so challenge the discriminatory obstacles which have been becoming ever more common. This adherence to environmental regulations has promoted a broad array of corporate strategies; a fact most visible in North America, where firms are making use of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This book develops a model of complex institutional responsiveness and demonstrates how this can guide firms through this new era of opportunities for international regulatory capture. Chapters apply the model within North America, identifying the implications for Europe and Asia. The research for the book is based on 300 confidential interviews with senior executives and officials in North American and European companies, national governments, and North American institutions, and it analyses twenty-four cases of firms who have either benefited or suffered from involvement with international institutions.
Keywords: firms, trade barriers, international competition, environmental regulations, coalitions, environmental agreements, NAFTA