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Biodiversity supports all life on Earth…including yours. Bas Boerman
Explainer: what is biodiversity and why does it matter?
Published: October 11, 2012 5.44pm EDT
Steve Morton, Andy Sheppard, Mark Lonsdale, CSIRO
Steve Morton
Honorary Fellow, CSIRO
Andy Sheppard
Theme Leader, Biodiversity, CSIRO
Mark Lonsdale
Chief, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, CSIRO
Mark Lonsdale leads CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences division, which receives grant funding for biodiversity research from the Australian and State Governments, NGOs and companies in the energy and resources sector.
Andy Sheppard and Steve Morton do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
CSIRO provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU.
"Why should I care about biodiversity?" This is a valid question, particularly in a world that faces a changing climate. In addition, there are other things to worry about such as global food shortages, getting the kids to school on time and exercising.
What is biodiversity?
One simple but profound answer is that all of us need to breathe, drink and eat. These are all benefits that are fundamentally provided by biodiversity. But the reasons to pause and consider the value of maintaining our country's biodiversity are broader than this.
First of all, what exactly do we mean by biodiversity? Biodiversity collectively describes the vast array of approximately 9 million unique living organisms (including Homo sapiens) that inhabit the earth, together with the interactions amongst them.
The concept includes every species of bacteria, virus, plant, fungi, and animal, as well as the diversity of genetic material within each species. It also encompasses the diverse ecosystems the species make up and the ongoing evolutionary processes that keep them functioning and adapting.
We can't get by without it
Without these organisms, ecosystems and ecological processes, human societies could not exist. They supply us with oxygen and clean water. They cycle carbon and fix nutrients. They enable plants to grow and therefore to feed us, keep pest species and diseases in check and help protect against flooding and regulate the climate.
Loss of species could compromise the ecosystem services we rely on. CSIRO
These benefits are known as ecosystem services. A functioning natural world also provides a living for farmers, fishers, timber-workers and tourism operators to name but a few. So biodiversity keeps us alive, but there are other less tangible benefits.
Recreation such as fishing or hiking, the aesthetic beauty of the natural world and our spiritual connection with nature; the cultural values we place on plants and animals such as the kangaroo and emu on the Australian coat of arms - these are all benefits of biodiversity.
Research suggests that natural environments have direct and positive impacts on human well-being, despite the highly-urbanised modern lifestyles that most of us live. Mental-health benefits from exercising in natural environments have been are greater than those gained by exercising in the synthetic environment of the gym. Mood and self-esteem benefits are even greater if water is present.
The value that humans gain from biodiversity reminds us that, despite being predominantly urban, we are still intrinsically part of the natural world. We are a component of and therefore dependent on the ecosystem. This has led to the global concerns around anthropogenic biodiversity loss.
Biodiversity in decline
Changes in surrounding biodiversity affect all of us. Unlike other species however, we have the chance to determine what these effects might be. In considering our role in biodiversity, there is some good news and some bad news.
Let's start with the bad. Globally, biodiversity is in rapid decline. The explosion of the human population from 2 to 7 billion in just 100 years has caused the extinction of many species.
Scientists agree that the earth is experiencing its first anthropogenic climate-driven global extinction event. They also agree that this is happening at a rate too fast for species to adapt. CSIRO research shows that by 2070, the impacts of climate change on Australia's biodiversity will be widespread and extreme.
Biodiversity is having trouble keeping up with climate change. Willem van Aken
This loss of biodiversity is concerning because of the growing consensus that it goes hand-in-hand with a reduction in the stability and productivity of ecosystems. The result may be that the services on which we rely could be compromised in damaging ways.
Indeed CSIRO's new report Our Future World 2012 recognises biodiversity decline as one of the megatrends that could severely impact Australia over the coming decades.
We have the science: policy is the next step
And the good news? In Australia, we are well-placed to meet the challenge of biodiversity management head-on. We have substantial national scientific expertise to draw on. On the global scale we have a good record of effective interaction between science and policy. The latter is particularly important.
Considering why biodiversity is important to you - is it so you can snorkel the Great Barrier Reef? Marie Davies
To halt the decline in biodiversity across the continent, we must translate accumulated knowledge on biodiversity into government policy. This can be done through programs and on-the-ground management. Tough decisions need to be made about where to invest, what to manage, and which approach to take.
These decisions can be emotionally and politically charged. Navigating the complex environmental, economic and political values can be extremely challenging.
Good resources for good policy
Despite these challenges there are things we can do. Australian scientists are actively developing better ways to support good governance and effective investment for improved conservation decision-making.
The Environmental Decision hub of the Australian Government's National Environmental Research Program is tackling gaps in environmental decision-making, monitoring and adaptive management. One of the hub's projects assessed approaches to species relocation in Australia. Relocation is becoming more prevalent as species experience habitat loss due to impacts such as climate change. The scientists developed guidelines to improve relocation's success rates.
The Atlas of Living Australia brings together Australia's biological information online, making it quicker and easier to undertake biodiversity assessments (or just look up a species you're interested in). It has 33 million records and is growing by the day.
A collaborative project between Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) managers, traditional owners, the Australian government, and CSIRO developed guidelines for IPA management plans. These connect traditional knowledge, law and customs with international systems for protected area management.
We urge you to take a moment and consider biodiversity. Debate about the value of biodiversity both globally and to you as an individual will help clarify society's objectives for biodiversity management. It will ensure that the changes we make help to conserve our natural assets for future generations.


We will do our best to accommodate your booking request. But, we can not guarantee the exact, time, service or preferred therapist. Please call the office and speak with one of our wonderful therapists to get more information if needed, or to book your appointment directly.
8 hour advance notice is required when cancelling an appointment. This allows the opportunity for someone else to schedule an appointment. If you are unable to give us 8 hours advance notice you will be charged the full amount of your appointment. This amount must be paid prior to your next scheduled appointment. If you have a Gift certificate or prepaid package it will be deducted for that visit.


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Sub Lieutenant Harleen Kaur, CSE alumni gets commissioned in the Indian Navy
Sub Lieutenant Harleen Kaur, Chitkara University alumni of Computer Science Engineering, a batch of 2017 got commissioned in the Indian Navy on January 26th, 2021. She was also an NCC cadet at Chitkara University. She won the Best Cadet and Best Shooter award at the NCC Training Academy Rupnagar (Ropar) in August 2014. The NCC wing at Chitkara University has always participated enthusiastically in all the camps and events.
The annual NCC camps provide an excellent learning opportunity to all the cadets to imbibe the qualities of a good leader like self-discipline, motivation, social adaptability, cooperation, teamwork, turn out and how to live under tough conditions.
The NCC is one of our country's premier young groups, and it has helped to foster national unity and trust among our youngsters. Its importance in instilling in them the ideals of good character, discipline, and hard work, as well as moulding them into enthusiastic and responsible citizens of the country, was generally recognised. The involvement of the National Cadet Corps in the development of nation-building and national incorporation has been praiseworthy and admirable of the nation's complete encouragement and support.
In March 2021, Capt. Jasmine Kaur, Chitkara University alumni of BSc Health Science MIT, a batch of 2011 also got commissioned as an officer in the Indian Armed Forces.
Alumni, Education and Training, Honors and Awards, NCC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Comfortable boots with saw protection.
These Technical Protective Leather Boots from Husqvarna have been redesigned with a new heel construction, a more stable upper part with softer insides and a new sole offering better grip in the cold.
They are made of Sympatex, which gives 100 percent waterproofing and breathable qualities, with extra padding around the ankle, heel and top, plus a steel toe cap. The lower boot is also reinforced with rubber for extra protection. Conforms to Class 2 Saw Protection.


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Objective-Cpp-example
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Show how to integrate C++ classes into your Objective-C project

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The Equality Act 2010 brings together a raft of protections against discrimination and duties for public bodies in a single Act.
The CCG recognise our duties within the Equality Act to:
Elimination of all unlawful discrimination– including harassment and victimisation and any other conduct prohibited by the act.
Advancing equality of opportunity– between people who share a protected characteristic and people who do not share it.
Fostering good relations– between people who share a protected characteristic and people who do not share it.
Having due regard means considering the above in all the decision making, including:
How the organisation acts as an employer
Developing, reviewing and evaluating policies
Designing, delivering and reviewing services
Procuring and commissioning
Providing equitable access to services.
Equality is ensuring individuals or groups of individuals are treated fairly and equally and no less favourably, specific to their needs.
Diversity aims to recognise, respect and value people's differences to contribute and realise their full potential by promoting an inclusive culture for all.
Discrimination is defined in the Equality Act 2010 as less favourable treatment because of a protected characteristic.
Protected characteristic is a term used in the Equality Act 2010 to describe who is protected by the Act. The protected characteristics defined by the Equality Act are: age, sex, race (including ethnicity and nationality), disability, sexual orientation, religion or belief, gender reassignment, pregnancy and maternity and marriage or civil partnership.
The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) provides definitions for each protected characteristic
Equality Objectives 2021 and implementation
Hull CCG reviewed its equality objectives in 2021.
These objectives are:
To be an employer with a well supported workforce and Board that represents our population
To work, alongside partners, to tackle health inequalities with the aim of better health outcomes for all
To demonstrate leadership on equality and inclusion through collaboration
To ensure that our governance and decision making pays due regard to equalities
To ensure that all our diverse communities are able to have their voices heard and their views are taken into account in our decision making
We have a regularly reviewed action plan to ensure that we are making progress against these objectives. This is reported to our Quality and Performance Committee throughout the year, and annually to the Board. You can find out more about how we are meeting these objectives in our latest Equality Information Report which was published in March 2021.
Previous reports are also published here:
Equality Information Report 2020-2021
Equality Information Annual Update Report – March 2018
Equality and Diversity summary report from January 2016 Board
Our previous equality objectives are available here: Final Objectives – March 2016
We have both an executive lead for equality, Sue Lee, Associate Director of Communications and Engagement and a Board member lead, Jason Stamp: Lay Member for Patient and Public Involvement.
See our committees and boards here.
See our board members here.


These vegan lasagna cuties contain no cheese, vegan or otherwise. And you won't miss it. Instead we use pesto for a recipe that is rich and flavorful.
Do you LOVE lasagna? I do too. It makes me drool. So since we're both lovers of this delectable dish, I thought you might be interested in these Vegan Lasagna Rollups stuffed with pesto, tempeh, and other goodies. These rollups are TASTY!
And they're extremely simple to make too. Of course, you'll have to take a little prep time to get the ingredients ready to go. But once that's done, they take just a couple minutes to roll up -- and devour!
You'll also find steamed broccoli making an appearance, which adds such a beautiful bright color to this dish. And, of course, gets some veggies inside of you.
The quality of the marinara is important, so if you can't make your own then try to opt for organic marinara which is far more flavorful than non-organic. I like anything by Seeds of Change, although they CAN BE expensive. A more affordable vegan marinara that has a great taste is created by Muir Glen.
It should take you about 30 minutes to create this dish. It's a little more time than I usually spend on a meal. In fact, these make a wonderful Sunday-type dinner because as with most Sunday dinners they're a teensy bit time consuming to make, but the results are so outstanding that I make the time!
But none of the steps are difficult and the whole dish is quite simple to put together.
2. Cook the noodles: Boil a large pot of water. Cook noodles according to directions on package. Drain in a colander, then toss with a teeny tiny bit of oil just to keep them from sticking to each other. Place the colander over the empty pot (helps to keep the noodles slightly warmed).
3. Cook the tempeh: While waiting for the water and noodles, bring 1 cup of veggie broth to a boil in a small saucepan. Cut tempeh in half and place both fat halves in the saucepan (it's okay if they overlap). Cover, turn heat to low, and let simmer for 15 minutes. Cool slightly and grate*.
4. Warm the marinara in a saucepan and keep warm until serving.
5. Cook the broccoli: Cut the broccoli into bite-sized pieces. Lightly steam until tender. I always do this step last so the broccoli doesn't overcook -- or get cold -- while waiting.
5. Make the Lasagna Rollups: Lay a cooked lasagna noodle out on a large plate. (I usually work with 2 at once.) Spread 2 Tablespoons of pesto across the noodle. Sprinkle grated tempeh over the pesto. Lay warm and tender broccoli across the pesto in a single line. Roll up. Cover with warm marinara and serve immediately. Sprinkle with nutritional yeast or vegan parmesan, if desired.
6. Serves 3; three rollups per person.
Makes great leftovers and freezes beautifully.
Serve with a tender Spinach Salad and some crusty garlic bread.
Tip: Why cool tempeh only "slightly"? Well, you definitely need to let it cool a little because hot tempeh is just too hot to handle. But when if it cools completely (as in, gets cold) it's not as easy to grate. So I like to grate my tempeh after it has cooled slightly.


We always have an eclectic range of appreciating classic sports and supercars for sale from all eras, either available for immediate purchase or from private collections that have not been to market anywhere else first. Why not take a look at our stock so you can fall in love with your new investment today.
If you're looking at selling your classic or sports car hassle free, we will purchase any low mileage, clean examples with history the very same day. However, we also provide a brokerage service also known as Sale or Return, which is a simple service where we agree a fixed fee to sell your vehicle for you and return you a higher value.
Horsepower Hangar are one of East Midland's biggest classic, sports and supercar dealers. Situated in Boston in Lincolnshire, we are just 30 miles from Peterborough and Lincoln.
We always have a wide and varied range or classic and sports cars for sale from all eras. Whether you are wanting to purchase a classic Porsche or BMW, a modern sports car or a luxury and prestigious 4×4, we can definitely help you.
We also have a specialist team to help you locate a fine range of executive and sports car contract hire and leasing deals from only 6 months to 48 months.
With the team having years of experience in both the sales and sourcing of these vehicles, help is always on hand with any part of the car shopping or vehicle ownership experience that you require help with.
Horsepower Hangar always provide the best financing options on a great selection of vehicles for luxury car shoppers nationwide across the UK and international enquiries are welcomed.
Looking to maximise the return on your car? We can help.


Thanksgiving dinner was now over and Aaron and his brother were informed by their father that it was time to go and see the "big man". They assumed he meant their grandpa but he was taking them to see Santa Claus at the mall. The boys weren't too keen on this idea because they wondered if there really was a Santa Claus why would he want to spend his time in rainy Oregon?
After waiting in a long line they finally got to meet Santa. This, however, was not your normal Santa Claus. The two brothers did not realize that their father had this meeting with Santa all set up. The Santa was really a man named Dr. Ringle who worked as a children's oncologist.
Aaron and Molar become Dr. Ringle's "elves" and made many friends with the children in the hospital including Katrina who is terminally ill with cancer and Madhu who needs a transplant.
It is time for the annual Christmas pageant and the children come up with many ideas including that of a fourth wise man. The reader will be surprised and caught in many emotions as the children present the annual pageant.
This is a small book in size but the message it sends is so big – this book points out the true meaning of Christmas. You will find yourself wrapped in emotions as you read this book – laughing at times and crying in several places. In fact, I had a difficult time trying to complete the last few pages because the tears blurred my vision. They were tears for a beautifully written story – one that should become a Christmas tradition for everyone to read each year and learn to remember and appreciate what this holiday is all about. The author has done a tremendous job with his characters. Each and every one of them played an important role in this magical story. Be sure to read The Paper Bag Christmas during this holiday season. This book will make you feel renewed and whatever problems you might be experiencing right now might not seem so unsolvable in the future. Who would ever think that a mere paper bag could represent so much meaning!


"Despite the phenomenal growth of the Internet, despite its many benefits, there are still too many people who remain unconnected" said UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova. "Providing Internet connectivity to everyone, everywhere, will take determined policy leadership and investment." The IIC brings together policy makers, industry and governments to debate the issues.
Internet of everything - how do we ensure positive societal gain?
The rise of content and media intermediaries as digital gatekeepers raises major policy and regulation concerns. This is a recurring theme for the IIC as regulators and industry debate the best way balance innovation whilst delivering audience protection and plurality in a world where converged communications are changing the rules.
Competition policy exists to ensure digital communications markets continue to work for consumers and businesses. Panellists will look at how incentives for efficient private sector investment and innovation can be maintained and strengthened to ensure widespread availability and high quality services, as well as considering whether interventions are needed to promote continuing competition and, if so, where.


Dr. Bhargava and Guptaji talk about the case and Maitreya's health at Guptaji's house.
Charvaka You know, I secretly share a part of their cynicism. I mean, does our case really hold? We're asking them to make the cages bigger, to better the hygiene, to stop the force feeding, the torture. But how does it make sense? Because they are all going to be butchered in the end. MaitreYA Look, if you- mr. gupta But let their lives be better than their death. Maitreya Yes. And just because they are marked for slaughter, doesn't mean you abuse and torture them. What kind of logic is that? Charvaka (subdued) True. Maitreya (changing the topic) Tenzing Rinpoche was there yesterday. Lady Really? Maitreya Yes. And I am joining him for the Peace March next month. JaGANNATH (In Hindi; Subtitled) Oh yes, I heard they are protesting against the visit of a Chinese ambassador. MaitreYA Yes, they are trying to this time- The Doctor goes up to Maitreya and places a hand on his abdomen. (to the doctor) What are you trying to do? Doctor Jagannath told me you had a severe pain in the abdomen yesterday. Maitreya looks at Jagannath, who looks down, embarrassed. DocTOR (CONT'D) (to Maitreya)(In Hindi; Subtitled) Why are you looking at him? You have loose motions as well? Maitreya No, no, no. Nothing! And don't fool me into shelling out money now. Doctor You don't have any. Jus1t lie down. Let me examine you.


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A Note to Readers
On this page of our site you'll find "Cruise Impressions," authored by some of the best cruise journalists worldwide including Ralph Grizzle, Lizz Dinnigan, Anne Kalosh, Marcia Levin, Vivian Holley, Georgina Cruz and others.
So stay tuned for these writers' impressions about interesting and new aspects of cruising. Editor Susan J. Young will also contribute. We'll keep the columns up indefinitely -- sorted by dates -- as even if the time frame is past, you may enjoy these.
Do you have "cruise impressions"? If so, zap us your stories or thoughts. Please work offline, create your documents, save (so you don't lose your work), and then cut and paste into our Feedback Form; you may also upload photos pasted into that form. Uploading any documents or photos constitutes our right to use these without charge.
We'll edit to our style and format if need be. You'll see comments as either a Traveler's Tale, Reader Feedback or Blog Comments. We're interested in your views!
Cruise Impressions (02/10): Del Rio & Marina
Ralph Grizzle, a senior contributing editor for SouthernCruising.com and publisher of AvidCruiser.com, recently journeyed to Genoa, Italy to tour the new Oceania Cruises' Marina with Frank Del Rio, chairman and CEO, Prestige Cruise Holdings (Oceania's parent company). Walking up and down steel stairs and peering into spaces not yet finished, Del Rio gave reporters a tour of the new ship. Here's a look at Ralph's Q&A with the chairman.
Cruise Impressions (01/10): Silver Spirit's Vibe!
Silver Spirit, Silversea's newest and largest ship, is now sailing the world's oceans. The new luxury ship's Grand Inaugural voyage is set for Jan. 21 from Port Everglades. SouthernCruising.com will be aboard the ship on Jan. 20 to report back to readers. As a sneak peek treat, however, Ralph Grizzle, our senior contributing editor, is sailing on the ship this week. He provides his expert perspective about the ship's "Vibe"!
Cruise Impressions (02/09): RSSC Mariner Updates
More and more, cruise lines are spending millions to refurbish older tonnage. SouthernCruising.com recently toured the refurbished Seven Seas Mariner -- a ship we had sailed on for a week in 2002. This time, we did a one-day walk-through of this Regent Seven Seas vessel at Port Everglades. While we didn't sail, we did discover a totally refreshed ship in tune with today's style. Come along for our foray onto Seven Seas Mariner.
Cruise Impressions (12/07): Tale of Two Ships
Two sleek new premium ships are planned for launch in 2008 -- Celebrity's Solstice and Holland America Line's Eurodam. But these two new amenity-filled vessels are quite different in design and onboard features. What's onboard? What will you discover if you sail? Come along with Anne Kalosh as she gives her views of how they stack up and what guests might expect.
Cruise Impressions (05/08): Top 10 Experiences
A friend is away on a Caribbean cruise, and in wondering how she's faring, I was thinking of my own Top 10 list of The Best Caribbean Cruise Experiences. From touring ruins on a Cozumel shore trip to exploring Martinique's rainforest, from onboard dining to a sting ray encounter, here is my list for Top 10 Caribbean Cruise Experiences. Come along for my list and contribute your own list of must-do
Cruise Impressions (11/07): Camels & Canopies
Want to try something new and unusual for your time in a Caribbean port? Carnival guests might take the helm of an "America's Cup" racing yacht. Guests who want the ultimate in pampering might head for a St. Lucia resort with Silversea. Holland America will teach you how to cook "Mexican style" in Cozumel. MSC's Lirica guests can fly through a Costa Rican forest in a Crazy Canopy Tour. And, Princess fields Jamaican dog sledding or camel trekking. Freelance travel and cruise journalist Vivian Holley outlines her impressions of the best new options this winter.
Cruise Impressions (08/07): Offbeat Odysseys
Everyone knows you can take weeklong Caribbean cruises from Florida. But did you know that voyages from Port Everglades, the Port of Miami and Port Canaveral also sail to more exotic, far-flung spots across the globe?
So go "people watching" in Rio, "big game photo hunting" in South Africa, or, alternatively, traipse through ancient Egyptian ruins. Cruise journalist Anne Kalosh goes in search of "Offbeat Odysseys."
Cruise Impressions (09-07): Splash Happy
Cruisers enjoy frolicking in refreshing pools on the top decks of most ships. But in this Cruise Impressions column, cruise journalist Anne Kalosh digs deeper for "Splash Happy Fun with a Twist."
From pampering cabanas (such as those of Oceania Cruises shown at right) to a teen hang-out with a waterfalll, from family waterparks with sprays and slides to pampering adult retreats, Anne showcases a wealth of top-side diversions.
Cruise Impressions (10/07): Fun-Tastical Diversion
If you think cruising is only about bingo, art auctions and pool action, think again. In our Cruise Iimpressions column, cruise journalist Anne Kalosh looks at a collection of enriching or entertaining onboard activities she sees as stand-outs. From bowling to ice skating, from DJ lessons to cooking classes, today's oceangoing ships deliver eclectic onboard experiences. Check out our list of "Five for Fun."
Cruise Impressions (07/07): Private Islands
Sailing from a Florida or a Gulf of Mexico port? Then your voyage may call at the cruise line's private Bahamas or Caribbean isle. You might not recognize the island's name, but you'll likely have a great time.
In addition to beach fun, you might go horseback riding in the surf, enjoy a massage, walk to a waterfall or even soar down a mountain and glide over the ocean on a thrilling 4,000-foot zip line. In our Cruise Impressions column, Anne Kalosh offers a glimpse of these enticing island experiences.
Cruise Impressions (07/07): Family Fun At Sea
When one of our best freelance cruise writers, Georgina Cruz, told us she was taking her family on a Royal Caribbean cruise, we asked her to write down her day-to-day thoughts about the cruise. No matter that she was on a Greek Isles cruise. She was sailing on a line that's highly popular with families sailing from the southern U.S. So come along with the Cruz clan as they take their first-ever "family cruise." Georgina says "no cooking and no clean up" on a family getaway is heaven.
Cruise Impressions (05-06/07): Tip Top Ships
Cruise and shipping expert Anne Kalosh looks at issues and trends of interest to cruisers.
This column's topic, "Everything Old is New Again," shows why your cruise vacation on a revitalized ship can be as satisfying as sailing on the newest ship in the sea.
Anne details how cruise lines are spending millions of dollars to revamp, refurbish and even reconstruct their vessels.
Cruise Impressions (4/07): Latest and Greatest
A rock climbing wall, elaborate water slide, bowling alley, skating rink and chic dining venues. No, these aren't amenities of a new resort, but rather some of the razzle-dazzle features onboard the world's newest cruise ships.
Cruise journalist Anne Kalosh looks at the new ships sailing in 2007 from southern U.S. ports. Among them are the Carnival Freedom (shown at right), Royal Caribbean's Liberty of the Seas and the Emerald Princess. Let's explore the ships of the Class of 2007.
Cruise Impressions (3/07): Ports Need Firm Course
Some cruise ports do a better job of smoothing the journey for passengers than others. Bigger ports, obviously, have bigger challenges. The world's biggest cruise port, the Port of Miami, for example, has faced huge increases in security costs and cruise traffic.
Anne Kalosh, a renowned cruise and shipping industry reporter, looks at what the Port of Miami has planned for enhancements. The port's new director has a refreshing, "can-do" attitude. He's says he's ready to make things happen. What can passengers expect? And what's happening at other ports around Florida?


Chairman, CEO and President of American Collegiate Acquisitions, Inc.
The fundamental competencies that determine a successful chief executive officer generally hold true from industry to industry. This is not to say that a CEO at a SaaS startup can transform immediately into the role of a CEO at a banking institution, but at the core, running a successful enterprise requires a basic foundation which business leaders must possess. These core competencies generally allow for successful CEOs to pivot from one industry to another.
The most successful CEOs have maintained a careful balance between vision and operational details. Jack Welch, the former chairman and CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001 said, "Genuine leadership comes from the quality of your vision and your ability to spark others to extraordinary performances." A highly successful leader must be a constant source of inspiration. The ability to inspire and execute is the signal virtue of a successful CEO.
According to a Forbes article "The Path to Becoming a Fortune 500 CEO" by Jeffrey Sanders, Vice Chairman and Managing Partner of the North American CEO Practice for Heidrick & Struggles, "about 30 percent of Fortune 500 CEOs spent the first few years of their careers developing a strong foundation in finance." A leader needs to be a visionary who drives creative ideas to the forefront of business, but if that drive is not supported by strong financial competencies, the vision may never come to reality. A strong CEO needs to fully comprehend financial modeling and budgeting along with being completely comfortable with those analytics to raise capital and execute strategies to produce an attractive return on investment.
With the advent of crowdfunding and cross-industry venture capitalism, we work in an environment where starting a business is generally no longer a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Financial engineering and entrepreneurial business constructs are the primary creative forces in a constantly evolving economy. Those who start their own businesses understand the struggle that comes with transformational leadership. Successful CEOs bridge thought to action!
Perhaps the most important attribute that highly successful CEO's share is their ability to lead a company with honesty, transparency and consistency -- which leads to the creation of a culture of trust. With so many executives in business for the wrong reasons, trustworthiness is critically important. In order to be perceived as trustworthy, CEOs must demonstrate consistency in their leadership.
A CEO can pivot from one industry to another by understanding the long-term benefits of a value-driven approach to business. CEO decisions are based on considering the impact of that decision on the organization over an extended period of time. Will decisions made to meet challenges in the short-term ultimately uphold the overall values of the company? Will they align with its mission statement, its dedication to the client, and the judgment of the board of directors? CEOs keep the culture of trust intact by intelligently staying a course of providing value to the organization. Successful CEOs create an environment that embraces a philosophy of value over the long term.
Related: Profit's Not the Only Thing. Businesses Driven By Values Succeed in the Long Run.
A breadth of operational experience and business judgment is critical in building transferable skills that carry leaders from venture to venture and win to win. Successful CEOs generally have leadership qualities that span multiple industries: vision, financial acumen, trustworthiness and values are key among them. When making a career pivot, it's up to the executive to transfer these core strengths to the new endeavor.


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Sumit Tahlan1,
Sanjiv Kumar1,
Kalavathy Ramasamy2, 3,
Siong Meng Lim2, 3,
Syed Adnan Ali Shah2, 4,
Vasudevan Mani5 and
Balasubramanian Narasimhan1Email authorView ORCID ID profile
BMC Chemistry201913:90
Benzimidazole is a valuable pharmacophore in the field of medicinal chemistry and exhibit wide spectrum of biological activity. Molecular docking technique is routinely used in modern drug discovery for understanding the drug-receptor interaction. The selected data set of synthesized benzimidazole compounds was evaluated for its in vitro anticancer activity against cancer cell lines (HCT116 and MCF7) by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Further, molecular docking study of data set was carried out by Schrodinger-Maestro v11.5 using CDK-8 (PDB code: 5FGK) and ER-alpha (PDB code: 3ERT) as possible target for anticancer activity. Molecular docking results demonstrated that compounds 12, 16, N9, W20 and Z24 displayed good docking score with better interaction within crucial amino acids and corelate to their anticancer results. ADME results indicated that compounds 16, N9 and W20 have significant results within the close agreement of the Lipinski's rule of five and Qikprop rule within the range and these compounds may be taken as lead molecules for the discovery of new anticancer agents.
Benzimidazoles
Anticancer activity
CDK-8
ER-alpha
Benzimidazole is an important structural motif found in extensive number of natural and pharmacologically active compound [1]. The benzimidazole ring itself is an urgent pharmacophore in present day and has been used as privileged scaffolds to synthesize selective drugs of interest in medicinal field including antiulcer [2], antioxidant [3], HIV-RT inhibitor [4], anticancer [5], antihelmintic [6], antimicrobial [7], antihistamine [8] etc. The selected marketed drugs having benzimidazole moiety (Fig. 1) i.e. veliparib (a), glasdegib (b), liarozole (c), crenolanib (d), abemaciclib (e), pracinostat (f), bendamustine (g) nocodazole (h).
The selected marketed drugs having benzimidazole moiety
Presently used chemotherapeutic agents restrain the growth of tumour through suppression of DNA replication and transcription. Nevertheless, the attempt of discovering new curative anticancer agents in last decade has led to targets of specific molecular modifications in tumour cells. The new approach now focuses mainly on the development of small biologically active molecules containing significant activity without toxicity related to the usual chemotherapy [9]. The human CDK8 protein which is a part of the RNA polymerase has been one of the proteins responsible for acute lymphoblastic leukaemias.
CDK activity is controlled by association with regulatory subunits (cyclins) and CDK inhibitor proteins, by their phosphorylation state and by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Since the loss of cell cycle control leading to deregulated cell proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer, it is anticipated that the inhibition of CDKs will provide an effective approach to control tumor growth and therefore have an impact on cancer therapy. Inhibition of CDKs has been studied by many organizations and has been achieved using a variety of structural templates with varying degrees of selectivity and activities [10].
Western blotting analysis was used to demonstrate that three hits target CDK8 in HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells. The results showcase the successful application of virtual screening cascades to identify CDK8-targeted scaffolds that can be developed into a drug discovery program. CDK8 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that forms part of the Mediator complex, which itself regulates the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II. A number of studies have shown that CDK8 modulates the transcriptional output from distinct transcription factors involved in oncogenic control. These factors include the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Notch, p53 and TGF-β. CDK8 has been found to be amplified and over expressed in colon cancer. In this context, CDK8 has been reported to act as a colon cancer oncogene. The role of CDK8 in both cellular signaling and colon cancer have relied upon RNAi mediated suppression of CDK8 and on the use of a kinase dead mutant CDK8. In order to more fully investigate the role of CDK8 in colon cancer, we aimed to develop a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of CDK8 [11].
CDK-8 is a heterodimeric kinase protein responsible for regulation of cell cycle progression, transcription and other functions. CDKs require cyclin that provides additional sequences for enzymatic potential. All the CDKs (1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 11) have a two-lobed structure-N-terminal having beta sheets and C-terminal composed of α-helices [12, 13].
Estrogen signaling is essential in the initiation and development of human breast cancer. In the past several decades, extensive efforts have been dedicated to understand the underlying mechanisms of this important signaling pathway in human breast cancer, which have facilitated the development of anti-estrogen therapy, the first targeted therapy for human cancer. Estrogen biology is exceedingly complex and important in the development and function of numerous tissues and physiological phenomena [14, 15]. Computational approaches i.e. molecular docking used for modern drug discovery design for the medicinal drug [16]. Drug molecules might fail during development because of several reasons but as found by the researchers one of the major reasons of failures is related with poor pharmacokinetic: ADME properties [17]. Drug toxicity is the one of the major factors to withdraw drug from the market. Therefore, ADME properties are the crucial determinants for the clinical success of the drug [18]. Now these days, computer based drug design are employed to determine the ADME profile of the compound. ADME modeling has attracted the considerable attention of the pharmaceutical researchers for the drug discovery as they are high-throughput in nature and cost effective [19].
Recently, a greater emphasis has been given towards the researches on complementary and alternative medicine that deals with cancer management. The present study helps us to understand the interaction between the benzimidazoles and receptors
(CDK-8 and ER-alpha) and also explore their binding mode by in silico molecular design.
The data set of selected benzimidazole compounds have exhibited better anticancer activity towards human colorectal carcinoma cancer cell line (HCT116) was selected from the earlier study reported by Tahlan et al. [5, 7, 9, 20, 21]. The molecular structures of all reported compounds were drawn in ChemDraw Ultra software 12.0. The data set of selected benzimidazole compounds with their anticancer activity results is shown in Table 1 (S. No. 1 to 18).
Data set of selected benzimidazole compounds with their anticancer results
Physicochemical and spectral interpretation data of most active compounds
2-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-N-(4-(2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine-carbonyl)phenyl)acetamide (12)
M.pt. °C: > 300; Rf value: 0.52; % yield: 85.87; IR: 3077 (C–H str.), 1439 (C=C str.), 1669 (–CONH str.), 1362 (N=CH str.), 1317 (C–N str.), 730 (C–S str.), 3629 (O–H str.), 625 (C–Br str.); 1H-NMR: 3.84 (s, 2H, CH2), 4.30 (s, 1H, OH), 4.31 (s, 1H, NH of imidazole), 6.77–7.93 (m, 11H, Ar–H), 7.92 (s, 2H, (CONH)2), 7.93 (s, 1H, N=CH); 13C-NMR: 36.76, 111.0, 118.3, 118.8, 119.4, 121.0, 122.8, 125.8, 130.0, 132.1, 135.9, 139.1, 143.2, 150.1, 161.2, 158.1, 167.2; Anal. Calcd. for C23H18N5O3SBr: C, 52.68; H, 3.46; N, 13.36; Found: C, 52.72; H, 3.50; N, 13.40; MS ES + (ToF): m/z 527 [M++1].
2-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-N-(3-(2-(2-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)-phenyl)acetamide (16)
M.pt. °C: 122–125; Rf value: 0.80; % yield: 75.42; IR: 3108 (C–H str.), 1606 (C=C str.), 1669 (–CONH str.), 1320 (N=CH str.), 1289 (C–N str.), 665 (C–S str.), 1247 (C–O–C str.), 2835 (C–H str., O–CH3); 1H-NMR: 7.04–8.26 (m, 12H, Ar–H), 4.31 (s, 1H, NH of imidazole), 3.85 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.99 (s, 2H, (–CONH)2), 8.26 (s, 1H, N=CH), 3.85 (s, 3H, CH3); 13C-NMR: 36.6, 56.2, 112.5, 117.7, 120.3, 121.1, 122.2, 123.6, 124.7, 129.5, 129.7, 133.4, 139.5, 150.1, 159.2, 165.9, 167.5; Anal. Calcd. for C24H21N5O3S: C, 62.73; H, 4.61; N, 15.24; Found: C, 62.77; H, 4.65; N, 15.28; MS ES + (ToF): m/z 462 [M++1].
4-(2-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)acetamido)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)benzamide (N9)
M.pt. °C: 207–210; Rf value: 0.56; % yield: 64.03; IR: 3018 (C–H str.), 1598 (C=C str.), 1668 (–CONH str.), 1360 (N=CH str.), 1281 (C–N str.), 713 (C–S str.), 2915 (C–H str., –CH2–), 2948 (C–H str., CH3); 1H-NMR: 7.16–7.96 (m, 11H, Ar–H), 4.36 (s, 1H, NH of imidazole), 7.97 (s, 2H, (CONH)2), 2.53 (s, 6H, (–CH3)2); 13C-NMR: 39.0, 118.3, 121.6, 125.4, 130.4, 142.8, 149.7, 166.6, 166.8; Anal. Calcd. for C24H22N4O2S: C, 66.96; H, 5.15; N, 13.01; Found: C, 66.99; H, 5.19; N, 13.05; MS ES + (ToF): m/z 431 [M++1].
3-(2-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)acetamido)-N-ethyl-N-phenyl-benzamide (W20)
M.pt. °C: 216–219; Rf value: 0.42; % yield: 83.22; IR: 3096 (C–H str.), 1598 (C=C str.), 1336 (N=CH str.), 1304 (C–N str.), 1664 (–CONH str.), 701 (C–S str.), 2932 (C–H str., CH3), 2826 (C–H str., N–CH3), 2915 (C–H str., –CH2–); 1H-NMR: 7.12–8.33 (m, 13H, Ar–H), 4.31 (s, 1H, NH of imidazole), 7.82 (s, 2H, (CONH)2), 2.51 (q, 2H, CH2); 13C-NMR: 36.1, 119.7, 119.7, 121.4, 123.1, 124.2, 129.0, 131.3, 139.0, 149.7, 166.4, 167.0; Mol. Formula C24H22N4O2S; Elem. Anal. Calcd. C, 66.96; H, 5.15; N, 13.01; Found C, 66.93; H, 5.19; N, 13.04; MS: m/z 431 [M++1].
1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl2-(2-(2-bromo-3-phenylallylidene)hydrazinyl)ethanethioate (Z24)
M.pt. °C: 160–163; Rf value: 0.51; % yield: 78.68; IR: 3087 (C–H str.), 1601 (C=C str.), 1713 (–CO str.), 1354 (C=N str.), 1337 (C–N str.), 1176 (N–N str., hydrazide), 694 (C–S str.), 2843 (C–H str., –CH2–), 684 (C–Br str.), 1623 (conjugated C=C and phenyl subst. C=C); 1H-NMR: 7.13–7.94 (m, 9H, Ar–H), 7.06 (s, 1H, NH of imidazole), 2.00 (s, 2H, CH2), 7.06 (s, 1H, NH), 12.55 (s, 1H, N=CH), 7.19 (s, 1H, Br–C=CH); 13C-NMR: 109.4, 122.1, 123.8, 128.6, 128.9, 130.5, 131.3, 132.2, 132.8, 150.1, 187.8; Mol. Formula C18H15N4OSBr; Elem. Anal. Calcd. C, 52.06; H, 3.64; N, 13.49; Found C, 52.02; H, 3.68; N, 13.45; MS: m/z 416 [M++1].
Molecular docking
Preparation of ligand structure
The ligand structures of the data set were prepared by LigPrep module of Schrodinger v11.5. To give the best results, the structures that are docked must be good representations of the actual ligand structures as they would appear in a protein–ligand complex. This means that for Glide docking the structure must meet the following conditions. They must be three-dimensional (3D) form. Glide only modifies the torsional internal coordinates of the ligand during docking, so the rest of the geometric parameters must be optimized beforehand. They must each consist of a single molecule that has no covalent bonds to the receptor, with no accompanying fragments, such as counter ions and solvent molecules. They must have all their hydrogen (filled valences). They must have an appropriate protonation state for physiological pH values (around 7) [22, 23].
Preparation of protein structure
The selected proteins i.e. human cyclin-dependent kinase CDK-8 (PDB code: 5-FGK) and ER-alpha (PDB code: 3ERT) (Figs. 2 and 3) were obtained from the protein data bank (PDB) (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/home/home.do). The imported typical structure file of protein from the protein data bank is not suitable for immediate use to carry out the molecular docking study. A typical PDB structure file consists of heavy atoms and may include a co-crystallized ligand, water molecules, metal ions and cofactors. The ligand and ligand-receptor complex is suitable for use with other Schrödinger modules. The protein structure was prepared using the protein preparation wizard (preprocessed, optimized and minimized) in the Schrodinger software graphical user interface Maestro v11.5 [24].
Protein structure with 5XG ligand (5FGK)
Protein structure with OHT ligand (3ERT)
Preparation of grid
Grid generation is done using receptor grid generation module of maestro version 11.5. A grid is generated around the binding site already occupied by the co-crystallized ligand so that co-crystallized ligand can be excluded and new compounds can be attached to the same binding site [25].
Molecular docking study was applied to investigate the binding mode of compound with selected PDB ID for cancer cell lines. Docking score obtained from GLIDE (maestro v11.5) and binding site was targeted and the grid was created. The active site grid covered the important amino acids interacting with receptor. The 3D structure of the protein was obtained from protein data bank using their specific (PDB code: 5FGK and ER-alpha PDB code: 3ERT). A data set of benzimidazoles was used as ligands and their structures were drawn using the workspace of Maestro and were converted to 3D form for the docking studies. The collected ligands were prepared for docking. Then the prepared ligands were docked into the generated grid in the prepared protein. The best docked pose with lowest glide score value was recorded for each ligand. Extra precision (XP) was performed using Schrödinger-maestro v11.5 (2018-1) [26–28].
ADME prediction
Theoretical calculation of the ADME properties of data set was calculated by QikProp. Nearly eleven physically significant descriptors and pharmacologically properties of the compounds were analyzed by QikProp. Aqueous solubility of compounds plays a key impact on many ADME associated properties like uptake, distribution, transport and ultimately bioavailability. The benzimidazole derivatives solubility values were within the range. Finally, the Lipinski's rule of five and Qikprop rule within the range for the benzimidazole derivatives and thus making these derivatives as suitable drug candidates [12].
Anticancer evaluation (IC50)
The anticancer activity was determined by Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Briefly, HCT116 and MCF7 cancer cell lines were seeded onto the 96 well plate at 2500 cells/well. The cells were allowed to attach overnight before being exposed to the respective compounds (0.01–100 µg/mL) for 72 h. The highest concentration of each compound tested (100 µg/mL) contained only 0.1% DMSO (non-cytotoxic) SRB assay was then performed whereby the cells were fixed using trichloroacetic acid for 30 min at 4 °C and stained with 0.4% (w/v) SRB mixed with 1% acetic acid for 15 min. After five washes with 1% acetic acid solution, the protein-bound dye was extracted with 10 mM tris base solution. Optical density was read at 570 nm and IC50 of each compound was determined. Anticancer results were presented as mean IC50 of at least triplicates (Tables 3 and 4) [29].
Target identification
Kinase inhibitors are very efficacious for the treatment of cancer especially targeting specific mutations that chiefly drive tumorigenesis. They are categorized according to their capacity to catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to the substrates that usually contain a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue [30]. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of key regulatory proteins that oversee diverse cellular events and their main involvement is in the cell cycle and transcription. Given the fundamental biological roles CDKs perform, it is not surprising that their aberrant activities are a common feature of many diseases, especially cancer. CDKs are a family of serinethreonine protein kinases that govern the initiation, progression and completion of the cell cycle. Activity of the CDKs allows the orderly transition between phases of the cell cycle. Inhibition of cell cycle progression and apoptosis are the most common causes of cell growth inhibition. Cell cycle progression is induced by various cell cycle proteins such as CDKs and cyclins as they are the key regulators of cell cycle [31]. Existing CDK8 X-ray crystal structures have unresolved regions in the vicinity of the ATP-binding site. Thus, homology modeling was used to generate two complete and optimal structural models. The target structure should be determined experimentally by either X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance, which can be downloaded from PDB; however, docking has been performed successfully in comparison to homology models or threading. The model should have good quality. It can be tested using validation software such as Molprobity [32].
Molecular docking results
Molecular docking study was carried out to analyses the binding mode of the compounds against human colorectal carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines. Ligand interaction showed the binding mode of compound and standard drugs in the active site of CDK8 (PDB id: 5FGK) have good resolution about 2.36 Å, co-crystallized ligand (5XG) was selected for docking study. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value of docked poses of native co-crystallized ligand is 0.10 Å, R-value free is 0.237 and ER-alpha (PDB id: 3ERT) have good resolution about 1.9 Å, co-crystallized ligand (OHT) was selected for docking study. RMSD value of docked poses of native co-crystallized ligand is 2.0 Å. R-value free is 0.262. Docking study of the data set showed good docking score and interaction with crucial amino acids residues in the binding pocket of the receptor (Table 2). The molecular docking results demonstrated in terms of negative energy value that the lower the binding energy value, best would be the binding affinity with the receptor [33]. Docking results with cdk-8 protein, compounds 12, 16, N9, W20 and Z24 were found to be best molecules and showed better docking score at target site of protein and displayed good to moderate anticancer activity against cancer cell line (HCT116). If we look into the binding mode of compound 12, exhibited good docked score (− 8.907) and formation of hydrogen bond with amino acids i.e. Asp173, Ala100 and Lys52 with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The binding mode of compound 16 have docking score (− 7.69) and developed of hydrogen bond with amino acids (Lys52 and Ala155) with oxygen atom of OCH3 and nitrogen atom of benzimidazole ring, respectively. The binding mode of compound N9 exhibited good docking score (− 7.425) and prepared hydrogen bond with amino acids (Lys52, Tyr32 and Val27) with oxygen atom and nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ring, respectively. Compound W20 showed good docking score (− 9.686) and prepared hydrogen bond with amino acids (Ala100 and Ala155) with oxygen and nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ring, respectively. Compound Z24 displayed the good docking score (− 7.295) and developed hydrogen bond with amino acids (Tyr32 and Val27) with oxygen and nitrogen atoms, respectively. Standard drugs (5-fluorouracil) have good docking score (− 5.79) and formation of hydrogen bond with amino acids residues (Ala100 and Asp98) with oxygen and nitrogen atoms of 5-fluorouracil, respectively. These compounds showed better docked score than the standard drug and the docking results also correlate to their anticancer activity results. The docking results with interacting residues of the docked compounds and standard drug are shown in Table 3; binding surface (3D) and ligand interaction (2D) images are shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Docking results of the selected benzimidazole compounds
Comp. code
CDK8 (HCT116)
3ERT (MCF7)
Docking score
Glide energy (kcal/mol)
− 8.485
− 57.409
− 8.69
− 50.79
5-Fu
Docking and anticancer activity results of most active compounds and standard drug
IC50 (µM) HCT116
Interacting residues
H-bonding with amino acids
Val35, Tyr32, Phe176, Asp173, Ala172, Leu95, Phe97, Asp98, Tyr 99, Ala100, Asp103, Ala155, Leu158, Glu66, Leu70, Lys 52, Ala50, Ile79, Val27, Gly28, Arg356
Asp173, Lys52, Ala100
Phe97, Asp98, Tyr99, Ala100, Val27, Asp103, His106, Ala155, Asn156, Leu158, Ala172, Asp173, Met174, Phe176, Glu66, Leu70, Ile79, Val35, Arg356, Tyr32, Ala50, Lys52
Ala155, Lys52
Val35, Tyr32, Arg29, Gly28, Val27, Arg356, His106, Asp103, Ala100, Tyr99, Phe97, Phe176, Asp173, Ala172, Ala50, Lys52, Leu158, Asn156, Glu66, Leu70, Ile79
Tyr32,Val27, Lys52
Lys52, Ala50, Ile79, Phe97, Asp98, Tyr99, Ala100, Arg356, Asp103, Trp105, His106, Leu158, Asn156, Ala155, Tyr32, Val35, Val27, Asp173, Ala172
Ala100, Ala155
Ala50, Phe97, Asp98, Tyr99, Ala100, Leu359, Glu357, Arg356, Lys355, Ile79, Leu158, Trp105, His106, Val27, Gly20, Arg29, Tyr32, Val35,
Tyr32, Val27
Ile79, Ala50, Phe97, Asp98, Tyr99, Ala100, Arg356, Leu158, Val35
Asp98, Ala100
Binding surface and ligand interaction diagram of compound 12
Binding surface and ligand interaction diagram of compound N9
Binding surface and ligand interaction diagram of compound W20
Binding surface and ligand interaction diagram of compound Z24
Binding surface and ligand interaction diagram of 5-fluorouracil
Further, the selected data set was docked with ER-alpha receptor of MCF7 (PDB id: 3ERT). Among the docked data set, compounds 12, 16, N9, W20 and Z24 also showed the good docked score and glide energy with crucial amino acids residues in the binding pocket of the receptor. If we look into the binding mode of compound 12 have docking score (− 8.825) and developed hydrogen bond with the crucial amino acids (Val534, Thr347, Leu346 and Cys530). The binding mode of compound 16 have docking score (− 8.986) and developed H-bond with amino acids Thr347, Asp351 and Val534. The binding mode of compound N9 exhibited good docking score (− 6.748) and prepared hydrogen bond with crucial amino acid Asp351. Compound W20 scored docking score (− 7.703) and prepared hydrogen bond with amino acids residues Asp351. Whereas, compound Z24 displayed the good docking score (− 7.275) and prepared hydrogen bond within binding pocket. The standard drug (5-fluorouracil) have docking score (− 3.414) within the binding pocket. The docking results with interacting residues of the compounds and standard drug are shown in Table 4; binding surface (3D) and ligand interaction (2D) images are shown in Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Binding mode of five most active compounds is shown in Figs. 16 and 17. Based on the molecular docking analyses these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (MCF7) by Sulforhodamine-B assay. The anticancer activity result of these compounds is shown in Tables 3 and 4, Figs. 18 and 19.
IC50 (µM) MCF7
Leu539, Leu536, Pro535, Val534, Val533, Cys530, Lys529, Met528, Leu525, Glu353, Ala350, Leu349, Thr347, Leuy346, Met343, Trp383, Leu384, Leu387, Met388, Leu391, Arg394
Val534, Thr347, Leu346, Cys,530
Met343, Leu346, Thr347, Ala350, Asp351, leu539, Leu536, Pro535, Val534, Val533, Ile424, Met421, Phe404, Leu391, Leu387, Hie524, Leu525, Trp383, Met528,
Thr347, Asp351, Val534
Trp383, Leu384, Leu387, Met388, Leu391, Phe404, Leu428, Met 343, Leu346, Thr347, Ala350, Asp351, Leu536, Pro535, Val534, Val533, Leu525, Gly521, Ile424, Met421
Asp351
Trp383, Leu384, Leu387, Met388, Leu428, Leu391, Phe404, Ile424, Met421, Gly420, Glu419, Val418, Leu525, Hie524, Gly521, Met343, Leu346, Thr347, Ala350, Asp351, Leu539, Leu536, Val534, Val533
Trp383, Leu384, Leu387, Met388, Leu428, Pye404, Leu391, Met343, Leu346, Thr347, Ala350, Val418, Glu419, Gly420, Met421, Ile424, Gly521, Hie524, Leu525, Met528
Leu346, Leu349, Ala350, Glu353, Leu384, Leu387, Met388, Phe404, Leu391, Arg394
Glu353, Arg394
Binding mode of five most active compounds (12, 16, N9, W20 and Z24) into the CDK-8 active site
Binding mode of five most active compounds (16, 12, N9, W20 and Z24) into the 3ERT active site
Anticancer screening results against HCT116 cancer cell line
Anticancer screening results against MCF-7 cancer cell line
Molecular docking results suggest that the selected compounds of heterocyclic benzimidazole can act as of great interest in successful chemotherapy. The selected protein data bank i.e. (PDB id: 5FGK and 3ERT) for human colorectal carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines may be the good target protein of benzimidazole molecules for their anticancer activity. Based on the docking analysis it is suggested that more structural modifications are required in molecules 12, 16, N9, W20 and Z2 to make them more potent toward cancer cell. The structure activity relationship study based on molecular doking is given in Figs. 20 and 21.
Structure activity relationship based on molecular docking study for HCT116 cell line
Structure activity relationship based on molecular docking study for MCF-7 cell line
ADME results
Lipinski's rule of five is a rule of thumb to evaluate drug likeness or determine if a chemical compound with a certain pharmacological or biological activity has chemical properties and physical properties that would make it a likely orally active drug in humans. The rule describes molecular properties important for a drug's pharmacokinetics in the human body, including their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). The rule is important to keep in mind during drug discovery when a pharmacologically active lead structure is optimized step-wise to increase the activity and selectivity of the compound as well as to ensure drug-like physicochemical properties are maintained as described by Lipinski's rule which states that (i) no more than 5 hydrogen bond donors, (ii) no more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors, (iii) a molecular mass less than 500 daltons, (iv) an octanol–water partition coefficient log P not greater than 5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipinski%27s_rule_of_five). Now these days, computational approaches are employed to determine the ADME of the drug molecules. ADME modeling has attracted the considerable attention of the pharmaceuticals researchers for the drug discovery as they are high-throughput in nature and cost effective [34]. ADME study of the selected compounds was performed using QikProp module of Maestro version 11.5. Around eleven physically relevant and pharmacologically significant parameters of the most active compounds 16, N9 and W20 were determined. The ADME results of the selected heterocyclic benzimidazole compounds 16, N9 and W20 displayed the significant results within the close agreement with the Lipinski's rule of five and Qikprop rule within the range i.e. Molecular weight of the molecule (mol. MW ≤ 500), Predicted octanol/water partition coefficient (QPlogPo/w = − 2.0 to − 6.5), (QPlogPw = 4.0 to − 45.0), Predicted water/gas partition coefficient (QPlogKp = − 8.0 to − 1.0), Predicted brain/blood partition coefficient (QPlogBB = − 3.0 to − 1.2), donor HB (0.0 to − 6.0), accept HB (2.0 to − 20.0), human oral absorption (1, 2 or 3), percent human oral absorption (0 to 100), Predicted water/gas partition coefficient thus making these compounds as suitable drug candidate. The ADME results are shown in the in Table 5.
ADME parameters of the most active compounds
ADME parameters
Mol MW
Rule of five
QPlogPo/w
Human oral absorption
Percent human oral absorption
QPlogPw
QPlogKp
QPlogBB
Donor HB
Accept HB
In the present work the molecular docking study of the data set of heterocyclic benzimidazole molecules was performed by Maestro version 11.5. In this study we have used CDK8 for human colorectal carcinoma cancer and ER-alpha for breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines and identified best anticancer target. Molecular docking results displayed that compounds (12, 16, N9, W20 and Z24) showed the better docked score with moderate to better antiproliferative potency towards cancer cell line within the binding pocket of receptor and comparable to the standard drug. The compounds 16, N9 and W20 also showed good ADME properties within the close agreement of the Lipinski's rule of five and Qikprop rule within the range and thus making these compounds as suitable drug molecules.
ADME:
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
CDK8:
cyclin dependent kinase 8
ER-alph:
estrogen receptor alpha
HCT116:
human colorectal carcinoma 116
MCF-7:
Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
μM:
micro mole
PDB:
protein data bank
extra precision
5-Fu:
H-bond:
hydrogen-bond
2D:
RMSD:
root-mean-square deviation
The authors are thankful to Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, for providing necessary facilities to carry out this research work.
BN, ST: performed the molecular docking study; SK: performed ADME study of the anticancer active compounds and KR, SML, SAAS, VM: performed antiproliferative activity of synthesized compounds. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Chattanooga Group is the world's largest manufacturer of rehabilitation equipment for treating musculoskeletal . The Company's products address the continuum of . INTELECT MOBILE LASER. COMPEX 3 . 27455 – User manual Consult Chattanooga International's entire Intelect ® Neo catalogue on MedicalExpo. Group: DJO Global. Company · Products; Catalogues; News Exhibitions Neo Laser Therapy Module Standard Accessories Vacuum Module User Manual Intelect Neo User Portable Electrotherapy Comparative Template. Product Tabs Group . Class 3B Low Level Laser Therapy . LED, laser diodes, and clusters; Innovative design allows for cart, table top, wall or mobile User. Manual. Model 2784. Vectra Genisys® Laser. ®. Chattanooga Group is an ISO 13485 Certified Company Intelect® Laser Module. TABLE OF NOVUS® is a registered trademark of TCG International Inc. The VectraGenisys Laser is a truly portable laser unit that does not confine you to a wall socket to operate.
Consult Chattanooga International's entire Physical Medicine Modalities 21 Wireless Professional 3 Intelect Mobile Stimulation 22 Intelect Neo 5 Mobile RPW 400 28 Intelect Neo Laser Module 12 PrimeraTENS 29 Intelect Advanced Combo Manual on CD Intelect Neo Patient Remote Intelect Neo Module Ultrasound. Chattanooga Vectra Genisys Low Level Laser Systems monochrome LCD display; and a battery pack option for portable therapy operation. The Chattnooga Vectra laser emitters are not compatable with the Intelect or NEO series of The Chattanooga Group also offers EMG and ultrasound unit with a similar design. Consult Chattanooga USA's Fluidotherapy®by Chattanooga Group brochure on MedicalExpo. Page.


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Woman Dies On Way To Hospital Because Ambulance Got Stuck In Traffic For 40 Minutes
By Anthony Tao December 12, 2012 10:32 am Comments: 0
This should be everyone's fear about living in a city with such crippling traffic. In Beijing on Friday, a woman in her 50s died in the back of an ambulance because it was stuck in a gridlock. How bad was it? According to the doctor, Wang Yuzhu, as reported by Sina:
"The scene of the accident is no more than 3 kilometers from the hospital, yet it took us a good 40 minutes to arrive there! Barely any cars made way for our ambulance! So woeful!" Wang wrote on Weibo.
That is horrific. The ambulance driver, Zhang Shaojun, said about half of drivers on the road typically never give way for his vehicle.
In Taiwan earlier this year, a somewhat similar thing happened where cars didn't give way for an emergency vehicle carrying a victim who died en route. But I'm not sure if we can chalk up what happened in Beijing to callousness. The above cartoon sums it up:
Ambulance: "Life is at stake, please make way!"
Car: "I want to make way, but I can't!"
Such tragicomedy, right there, modern and multifold. Wang adds:
Wang said the ambulance couldn't get by. "Many cars were parked on bicycle lanes that night, making it impossible for us to proceed."
"It is hard to say this really reflects on the lack of social ethics among the public, but I do hope that people won't park their cars in emergency lanes, or in case of emergency, people could move aside a little," she added.
More via Sina:
"What cold-blooded souls they must be! How can you expect such drivers of little morality to make way for ambulances?" said Internet user Heikaixin.
Some, however, noted that the misuse of "privilege vehicles" like police cars using their sirens without having any emergency has led to the mistrust or even disgust among the public.
"I have to say that many ambulances and police cars misuse sirens even without any emergency tasks. The true murderer of the woman is the loss of trust," added user betty-lmw.
Wang refuted the rumors of misuse of sirens by ambulances, saying that their vehicles are supervised by the central command center and they only use sirens when it is really necessary.
(H/T Alicia)
Tags: Traffic
− 3 = five


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Tag Archives: Adolph Reed
Race, Labor, & Indigeneity: An Online Exhibit and Discussion
Posted on August 19, 2020 August 19, 2020 by Brian Huffman
By Ellen-Rae Cachola, Evening Supervisor and Archives Manager
Race, Labor & Indigeneity: An Online Exhibit and Discussion
Wed. Sept. 2, 2020 @ 3-5pm HST
Register for the webinar: https://bit.ly/0902hilabor
The UH Mānoa William S. Richardson School of Law Library Archives is working with the UH West O'ahu Center for Labor Education and Research (CLEAR), UH Mānoa College of Social Sciences Ethnic Studies Center for Oral History (COHES), UH Mānoa SEED, and the Hawaii State AFL-CIO to present an onlline exhibit and webinar discussion on Hawaiʻi's labor history.
The online exhibit will feature archival exhibits from the CLEAR, COHES and the Law Library that speak to the social histories of Hawaiʻi's labor movement and the impact it had on our economy, laws, and government. But the economic challenges brought about by COVID-19 also bring urgency to these reflections. What are the lessons that we can learn from Hawaiʻiʻs labor movements as they pushed for political-economic change? How can the ideas and experiences of Hawaiʻi's indigenous and immigrant communities inform ideas for our current political-economic direction?
The webinar discussion will feature community organizers and scholars. The panelists include Kealani Cook, Assistant Professor of History at UH West-Oʻahu, author of Return to Kahiki: Native Hawaiians in Oceania; Jonathan Okamura, Professor of Ethnic Studies, author of Ethnicity and Inequality in Hawaiʻi and co-editor of Asian Settler Colonialism: From Local Governance to Everyday Life in Hawaiʻi; Adolph Reed, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, author of Class Notes: Posing As Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene; ʻIlima Long, PhD Student at UH Mānoa Political Science Department, organizer for Academic Labor United, and kiʻai for Mauna Kea; Nandita Sharma, Professor of Sociology at UH Manoa, author Home Rule: National Sovereignty and the Separation of Natives and Migrants. The webinar will be moderated by Ikaika Hussey, organizer with UNITE HERE, Local 5.
The flyer states:
"Race, class, and labor shaped Hawaiʻi's multicultural society. Hawaiʻi has the highest labor union density in the United States and has a labor history which includes poignant events when plantation workers rejected the racial divisions imposed by their employers. Workers united across ethnic & class lines for better wages, health care, and an improved standard of living.
But how does Indigeneity, Hawaiian Nationalism, and settler colonialism transform our reflections on Hawaiʻi's multicultural labor history? Are there inequalities and segregations within and across indigenous, local, and immigrant communities that challenge the type of unity building employed during Hawaiʻi's historic labor movements? Should there be new frameworks for unity?
ʻIlima Long, Kealani Cook, Adolph Reed, Jon Okamura & Nandita Sharma will speak to the current political inequalities in the theoretical distinctions of racial equality, social equality, & decolonial relationality. This discussion will be moderated by Ikaika Hussey."
We hope you will join us for this event. Please register at https://bit.ly/0902hilabor.
This event is part of a series of Labor Day Events. Also check out:
9/4 SAFE TRAVEL[ERS] = SAFE HAWAII | Why do you celebrate Labor Day? Actions for worker rights and protections are not things of the past. Today, many hard earned worker protections are eroding under unfriendly labor laws that hide in plain sight. This Labor Day let's bring attention to the safety and health of workers through the example of Hawaii's transportation workers. The University of Hawai'i–West O'ahu Center for Labor Education and Research (CLEAR), LaborFest Hawaii, and the Hawaii State AFL-CIO welcome the Hawaii Airport Coalition and guest speaker, Sara Nelson, President, AFA-CWA to speak on the issues. Register at https://bit.ly/0904hilabor
9/7 LABOR DAY CARAVAN | Join the Hawaii Airport Coalition for a caravan to the Daniel K. Inouye International Airport on Labor Day from 10AM–11:30AM. Staging will occur nearby at 9:30AM. Traffic and safety protocols will follow along with social distancing guidelines to be observed. The state fed has a limited number of cloth face masks logoed "Union Workers are Essential Workers" to be given to the first bazillion (or 100) affiliate members who join in. Indicate your interest in the action at http://bit.ly/joinhilabor


Abstract: The recurrence of economic crises serves to illustrate the limits of neoclassical economics and the contemporary established models. Modern-day economic developments are highly influenced by the theory of complexity. In terms of thermodynamics, the inputs of the process consists in economically valuable natural resources and the outputs are worthless wastes; the matter-energy is absorbed in the economic process in a low entropy state which in turn is eliminated in a state of high entropy. Consequently, an updated methodology is required as all activities and overall economic processes demonstrate the inevitably entropic processes. Complex systems research represents the viable alternative for sustainable growth in the following decades. The concept of emergence represents an insightful argument against the well-planned and ordered nature of the social sciences universe. The study of complex systems, evolutionary economics and interdisciplinary research offers the possibility of new developments.
Keywords: rationality; systemic crisis; sound development; societal innovation; behavioural science; complex systems; economic crisis; science of society; sustainable growth; economic growth; emergence; evolutionary economics; interdisciplinary research; complexity theory.


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Rugby legend Scott Hastings has praised the efforts of Monifieth and District Rotary Club to raise funds for the charity Motor Neurone Disease Scotland.
Monifieth is running its annual charity golf event over Monifieth Medal Course on Sunday (August 26) with MND Scotland as one of the principal beneficiaries.
Scott, a friend of fellow rugby star and campaigner Doddie Weir who has been diagnosed with MND, said yesterday: "As a patron of MND Scotland and chairman of My Name5Doddie Foundation I would like to wish the Rotary Club of Monifieth and District all the very best for their charity golf day. I am very grateful that they are able to support both charities and that one day we will find a way to slow, stop and reverse this disease."
The golf day is for teams of three, with a car on offer as a prize for a hole in one at the 11th.
A small number of tee times are still available. Anyone who can organise a team of three and would like to play over this famous course on Sunday to help this vital cause is invited to contact Ken Inglis at ken@keninglis.co.uk.


John Donald Yahner was assigned to the 6th Marine Division HQCO,3BN,22MAR,6MARDIV,FMF.
Please contact us with any biographical data, pictures or other information regarding the service and life of John Yahner, Purple Heart recipient.
The contained information on John Donald Yahner is gathered and extracted from military records from a variety of sources. This material in no way represents this serviceman's complete military record; we welcome additional material. If you can help add to John Yahner's military record please contact us. This can include award citations and photos.


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Jack Body (født 7. oktober 1944 i Auckland, New Zealand, død 10. maj 2015) var en newzealandsk komponist.

Body, der var meget inspireret af indonesisk og Asiatisk musik, har komponeret i alle genre. Han har skrevet kammermusik, orkestermusik, filmmusik, teatermusik og elektronisk musik. Han er blevet spillet af mange orkestre og kammermusik ensembler i Australien og på New Zealand.

Værker
 Music for sale
 Music of Madura
 Jemblung
 Alley – opera
 Close to Home – Soap Opera
 Saura – elektronisk musik
 Sacred and Profane – elektronisk musik
 Pulse

Eksterne henvisninger

Komponister fra New Zealand
Personer fra Auckland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia