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Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops By Race
By Caitlin Dickerson • Jun 22, 2015
Rollins Edwards as a young soldier in 1945 at Clark Air Base in the Philippines.
Courtesy of Rollins Edwards
Rollins Edwards, who lives in Summerville, S.C., shows one of his many scars from exposure to mustard gas in World War II military experiments. More than 70 years after the exposure, his skin still falls off in flakes. For years, he carried around a jar full of the flakes to try to convince people of what happened to him.
Amelia Phillips Hale for NPR
U.S. troops in Panama participate in a chemical warfare training exercise with smoke during World War II.
Howard R. Wilson / Courtesy of Gregory A. Wilson
These historical photographs depict the forearms of human test subjects after being exposed to nitrogen mustard and lewisite agents in World War II experiments conducted at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.
Courtesy of the Naval Research Laboratory
Segregated troops practice movement in protective gear at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland in the early 1940s.
Army Signal Corps via National Archives
(Left) A portrait of Louis Bessho from 1969. (Right) Military orders from April 1944 for Japanese-American soldiers, including Bessho, who were part of the military's mustard gas testing at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland.
Left: Courtesy of David Bessho / Right: Army Service Forces, Headquarters Camp Wolters Texas, Courtesy of Marc Bessho
Originally published on June 24, 2015 12:05 pm
As a young U.S. Army soldier during World War II, Rollins Edwards knew better than to refuse an assignment.
When officers led him and a dozen others into a wooden gas chamber and locked the door, he didn't complain. None of them did. Then, a mixture of mustard gas and a similar agent called lewisite was piped inside.
"It felt like you were on fire," recalls Edwards, now 93 years old. "Guys started screaming and hollering and trying to break out. And then some of the guys fainted. And finally they opened the door and let us out, and the guys were just, they were in bad shape."
Edwards was one of 60,000 enlisted men enrolled in a once-secret government program — formally declassified in 1993 — to test mustard gas and other chemical agents on American troops. But there was a specific reason he was chosen: Edwards is African-American.
"They said we were being tested to see what effect these gases would have on black skins," Edwards says.
An NPR investigation has found evidence that Edwards' experience was not unique. While the Pentagon admitted decades ago that it used American troops as test subjects in experiments with mustard gas, until now, officials have never spoken about the tests that grouped subjects by race.
For the first time, NPR tracked down some of the men used in the race-based experiments. And it wasn't just African-Americans. Japanese-Americans were used as test subjects, serving as proxies for the enemy so scientists could explore how mustard gas and other chemicals might affect Japanese troops. Puerto Rican soldiers were also singled out.
White enlisted men were used as scientific control groups. Their reactions were used to establish what was "normal," and then compared to the minority troops.
All of the World War II experiments with mustard gas were done in secret and weren't recorded on the subjects' official military records. Most do not have proof of what they went through. They received no follow-up health care or monitoring of any kind. And they were sworn to secrecy about the tests under threat of dishonorable discharge and military prison time, leaving some unable to receive adequate medical treatment for their injuries, because they couldn't tell doctors what happened to them.
Army Col. Steve Warren, director of press operations at the Pentagon, acknowledged NPR's findings and was quick to put distance between today's military and the World War II experiments.
"The first thing to be very clear about is that the Department of Defense does not conduct chemical weapons testing any longer," he says. "And I think we have probably come as far as any institution in America on race. ... So I think particularly for us in uniform, to hear and see something like this, it's stark. It's even a little bit jarring."
NPR shared the findings of this investigation with Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Calif., a member of the Congressional Black Caucus who sits on a House subcommittee for veterans affairs. She points to similarities between these tests and the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, where U.S. government scientists withheld treatment from black sharecroppers in Alabama to observe the disease's progression.
"I'm angry. I'm very sad," Lee says. "I guess I shouldn't be shocked when you look at the syphilis studies and all the other very terrible experiments that have taken place as it relates to African-Americans and people of color. But I guess I'm still shocked that, here we go again."
Lee says the U.S. government needs to recognize the men who were used as test subjects while it can still reach some, who are now in their 80s and 90s.
"We owe them a huge debt, first of all. And I'm not sure how you repay such a debt," she says.
Mustard gas damages DNA within seconds of making contact. It causes painful skin blisters and burns, and it can lead to serious, and sometimes life-threatening illnesses including leukemia, skin cancer, emphysema and asthma.
In 1991, federal officials for the first time admitted that the military conducted mustard gas experiments on enlisted men during World War II.
According to declassified records and reports published soon after, three types of experiments were done: Patch tests, where liquid mustard gas was applied directly onto test subjects' skin; field tests, where subjects were exposed to gas outdoors in simulated combat settings; and chamber tests, where men were locked inside gas chambers while mustard gas was piped inside.
Even once the program was declassified, however, the race-based experiments remained largely a secret until a researcher in Canada disclosed some of the details in 2008. Susan Smith, a medical historian at the University of Alberta in Canada, published an article in The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics.
In it, she suggested that black and Puerto Rican troops were tested in search of an "ideal chemical soldier." If they were more resistant, they could be used on the front lines while white soldiers stayed back, protected from the gas.
The article received little media attention at the time, and the Department of Defense didn't respond.
Despite months of federal records requests, NPR still hasn't been given access to hundreds of pages of documents related to the experiments, which could provide confirmation of the motivations behind them. Much of what we know about the experiments has been provided by the remaining living test subjects.
Juan Lopez Negron, who's Puerto Rican, says he was involved in experiments known as the San Jose Project.
Military documents show more than 100 experiments took place on the Panamanian island, chosen for its climate, which is similar to islands in the Pacific. Its main function, according to military documents obtained by NPR, was to gather data on "the behavior of lethal chemical agents."
Lopez Negron, now 95 years old, says he and other test subjects were sent out to the jungle and bombarded with mustard gas sprayed from U.S. military planes flying overhead.
"We had uniforms on to protect ourselves, but the animals didn't," he says. "There were rabbits. They all died."
Lopez Negron says he and the other soldiers were burned and felt sick almost immediately.
"I spent three weeks in the hospital with a bad fever. Almost all of us got sick," he says.
Edwards says that crawling through fields saturated with mustard gas day after day as a young soldier took a toll on his body.
"It took all the skin off your hands. Your hands just rotted," he says. He never refused or questioned the experiments as they were occurring. Defiance was unthinkable, he says, especially for black soldiers.
"You do what they tell you to do and you ask no questions," he says.
Edwards constantly scratches at the skin on his arms and legs, which still break out in rashes in the places he was burned by chemical weapons more than 70 years ago.
During outbreaks, his skin falls off in flakes that pile up on the floor. For years, he carried around a jar full of the flakes to try to convince people of what he went through.
But while Edwards wanted people to know what happened to him, others — like Louis Bessho — didn't like to talk about it.
His son, David Bessho, first learned about his father's participation as a teenager. One evening, sitting in the living room, David Bessho asked his dad about an Army commendation hanging on the wall. David Bessho, who's now retired from the Army, says the award stood out from several others displayed beside it.
"Generally, they're just kind of generic about doing a good job," he says. "But this one was a bit unusual."
The commendation, presented by the Office of the Army's Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service, says: "These men participated beyond the call of duty by subjecting themselves to pain, discomfort, and possible permanent injury for the advancement of research in protection of our armed forces."
Attached was a long list of names. Where Louis Bessho's name appears on Page 10, the list begins to take on a curious similarity. Names like Tanamachi, Kawasaki, Higashi, Sasaki. More than three dozen Japanese-American names in a row.
"They were interested in seeing if chemical weapons would have the same effect on Japanese as they did on white people," Bessho says his father told him that evening. "I guess they were contemplating having to use them on the Japanese."
Documents that were released by the Department of Defense in the 1990s show the military developed at least one secret plan to use mustard gas offensively against the Japanese. The plan, which was approved by the Army's highest chemical warfare officer, could have "easily kill[ed] 5 million people."
Japanese-American, African-American and Puerto Rican troops were confined to segregated units during World War II. They were considered less capable than their white counterparts, and most were assigned jobs accordingly, such as cooking and driving dump trucks.
Susan Matsumoto says her husband, Tom, who died in 2004 of pneumonia, told his wife that he was OK with the testing because he felt it would help "prove he was a good United States citizen."
Matsumoto remembers FBI agents coming to her family's home during the war, forcing them to burn their Japanese books and music to prove their loyalty to the U.S. Later, they were sent to live at an internment camp in Arkansas.
Matsumoto says her husband faced similar scrutiny in the military, but despite that, he was a proud American.
"He always loved his country," Matsumoto says. "He said, 'Where else can you find this kind of place where you have all this freedom?' "
NPR Investigations Research Librarian Barbara Van Woerkom contributed reporting and research to this investigation. NPR Photo Editor Ariel Zambelich and reporters Jani Actman and Lydia Emmanouilidou also contributed to this story.
We have news this morning of a startling episode in U.S. history. It's a moment when the United States military experimented on its own troops with mustard gas.
It happened during World War II. The U.S. was trying to prepare for any possible gas attacks by the Axis powers. And for many years now, the U.S. has acknowledged those experiments on unknowing Americans.
INSKEEP: What we have today are even more troubling details from an NPR News investigation. The World War II experiments exposed African-American, Japanese-American and Puerto Rican troops to chemical weapons.
GREENE: And they sought to find racial differences that could be exploited on the battlefield. NPR's Caitlin Dickerson reports.
CAITLIN DICKERSON, BYLINE: Rollins Edwards grew up in the segregated South. He says like a lot of black boys his age in Summerville, S.C., he was only allowed to go to school through the seventh grade. So when he was drafted into the U.S. Army at 21, it was a big opportunity. The year was 1944.
ROLLINS EDWARDS: I'm glad I served and I appreciate - well, I don't appreciate what they did - hell, no, I don't - but everybody don't get a chance to serve their country.
DICKERSON: After basic training, Edwards was enrolled in a secret program to test the effects of mustard gas on humans. The testing was brutal. Some days, he says he was locked inside of a wooden gas chamber with about a dozen other black soldiers. A mixture of mustard gas and a similar agent called Lewisite were piped inside.
R. EDWARDS: That's when everybody went crazy. It just felt like you were on fire sure enough. And the guys started screaming and hollering and trying to break out. And then some of the guys fainted and finally opened the door and let us out and the guys were just - they were in bad shape because they just couldn't control themselves.
DICKERSON: Edwards says he didn't have a choice. He had to participate. And if he told anyone about the experiments, his commanding officer said he'd go to prison.
R. EDWARDS: They said we were being tested to see what effect these gases would have on black skins. Now if that ain't the damnedest thing I ever heard.
DICKERSON: The U.S. military tested more than 60,000 World War II troops in secret experiments. These tests were formally declassified in 1993. Now, an NPR investigation has found new details about a set of these experiments. Documents show the military scientists thought people with darker skin might be more resistant to chemical weapons, and they tested that theory on black and Puerto Rican soldiers. This was a time when military officials were worried that the German or Japanese armies would use mustard gas on Americans. Experts NPR spoke with say it appears the military hoped troops with darker skin would make ideal chemical soldiers. So if they were more resistant, they could be put on the front lines. According to family members, Japanese-American subjects were told they were being tested as proxies for the Japanese enemy. Now details of these experiments first surfaced in an academic journal article in 2008, but it received little attention. Until now, the military has never acknowledged these race-based tests, and for the first time, NPR tracked down some of the test subjects and their families.
DAVID BESSHO: It may have been something I noticed hanging up there for a while, but I remember it was probably in an evening in the TV room.
DICKERSON: David Bessho was a teenager when he decided to ask his dad about a commendation from the U.S. Army that was hanging on the family's living room wall.
BESSHO: Because I noticed it was a little bit unusual saying that he volunteered to be exposed to chemical agents.
DICKERSON: The award was presented with a list of names. Bessho's father appears on page 10, followed by a curious similarity - Tanamachi, Kawasaki, Higashi, Sasaki. Forty Japanese-American soldiers are named in all.
BESSHO: I just took that occasion to say, hey, what is this about? And he just responded that, yeah, they were looking for Japanese-Americans to make sure the chemical agents had the same effect on Japanese as they did on white people. I guess they were contemplating potentially having to use them against the Japanese.
DICKERSON: White Americans were used in these experiments. They served as control groups. Their reactions were used to establish what was, quote, "normal" and compared to the minority soldiers, like Juan Lopez Negron, who's Puerto Rican. He says he was used as a test subject in experiments known as the San Jose Project.
JUAN LOPEZ NEGRON: (Through interpreter) There was a siren, and then you had to get under a tree to protect yourself. Check your mask, and get ready.
DICKERSON: He says he and the other test subjects - all of them Puerto Rican - were sent out into the Panamanian jungle, and they were sprayed with mustard gas out of U.S. military planes flying overhead.
NEGRON: (Through interpreter) We had uniforms on to protect ourselves, but the animals didn't. There were rabbits, and they all died.
DICKERSON: Military documents found by NPR show more than 100 experiments were done on San Jose Island. The location was chosen for its climate, similar to islands in the Pacific. Not all of those experiments focused on race, but the U.S. government does have a history of race-based experimentation. The most infamous were the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, where treatment was withheld from black sharecroppers so researchers could watch the disease. Dorothy Roberts is a professor of bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. When told about race-based experiment with mustard gas, she pointed to similarities between the Tuskegee subjects and the minority soldiers used in these tests.
DOROTHY ROBERTS: They were expendable, disposable, allegedly because of their biological difference. But it mirrors, in all of these cases, their social and political status in U.S. society at the time.
DICKERSON: Black, Puerto Rican and Japanese-American soldiers were all confined to segregated units during World War II. They cooked, cleared trash, drove dump trucks and many felt they had to prove themselves.
SUSAN MATSUMOTO: I think lot of our Japanese boys had to.
DICKERSON: Susan Matsumoto's husband, Tom, was another one of the men used. Tom died in 2004. Matsumoto and her family were forced to live in an internment camp during the war. But she says even though her husband was tested as a proxy for the enemy, he was a proud American.
MATSUMOTO: He always loved this country. He said where else can you find this kind of place where you have all this freedom?
DICKERSON: Congresswoman Barbara Lee is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus and sits on a House subcommittee for Veterans Affairs. We showed Lee some of the documents related to these tests.
CONGRESSWOMAN BARBARA LEE: Let me read you a quote from the Army's report. Quote, "It has been suggested that the relative resistance of Negroes may be related to the relatively thick horny layer of their skin." Now that's an official Army report. That's outrageous.
DICKERSON: Now to be clear, horny layer is a technical term. It's a layer of skin that everyone has. It's not thicker in African-Americans. And dermatologists NPR spoke with say that statement by the U.S. government is not scientifically sound.
LEE: We owe those who are still alive, and the families, we owe them a huge debt, first of all. And I'm not sure how you repay such a debt.
DICKERSON: Mustard gas reacts with human DNA within seconds of making contact, causing irreversible damage to the cells. Exposure can lead to life-threatening illnesses, like skin cancer, leukemia, emphysema or asthma. At 93, Rollins Edwards hasn't faced any of those diseases, but he's had decades of pain and discomfort because of the experiments. His arms and legs are covered with thick scabs the size of pancakes, and he scratches them until they bleed.
Your arms bothering you this morning?
R. EDWARDS: Yeah.
DICKERSON: Edwards still lives in Summerville, S.C., the town where he grew up. He's been active in a local chapter of Prince Hall Freemasons for years. During outbreaks, he's had to wear gloves so he could shake hands with people.
R. EDWARDS: My hands would get so bad I couldn't even wash my hands. And they would actually stink.
DICKERSON: Little bottles of lotion and aloe are scattered all over the house so his wife, Juanita, can try to soothe him when the scabs flare up.
JUANITA EDWARDS: You got to take the jacket off and your shift loose for me.
R. EDWARDS: OK.
DICKERSON: His skin falls off in flakes that pile up on the floor. For years, he carried around a jar of those flakes to try to convince people of what happened to him. Until now, government officials have never acknowledged these experiments.
COL. STEVE WARREN: The first thing to be very clear about is that the Department of Defense does not conduct chemical weapons testing any longer.
DICKERSON: That Army Col. Steve Warren. He's the Pentagon's top spokesman, and he says these experiments are difficult to even fathom today.
WARREN: The idea of conducting racially-based experiments, it is just not something that we would even consider. Doesn't enter the thought process.
DICKERSON: Col. Warren struggled to come up with a reason why the U.S. military would've done this.
WARREN: It was a terrible, terrible, terrifying time. I don't know that Americans knew what was next as they saw the Japanese and the Germans encircling the world. Everyone had to do their part, and in many cases, a lot was asked.
DICKERSON: He says he thinks all Americans struggle with some of the choices made during that time. Caitlin Dickerson, NPR News.
INSKEEP: By the way, the Department of Veterans Affairs promised more than 20 years ago to provide benefits to veterans injured in mustard gas experiments. And later this week, we will look into the keeping of that promise.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: This is a bargain we made, and this goes to the essence of can you trust your government? And in this case, I'm afraid the answer is not yet. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
World War II Veterans
Soviet Veteran on Honor Flight to Washington, D.C.
By Alexa Davies • Apr 22, 2015
Photo Courtesy of Russian-American Community Center of Florida
It's been almost 70 years since the end of World War II.
Thinking back on the war holds many memories for Alex Farfel, 85, who on Tuesday joined a group of 80 other World War II veterans at St. Pete-Clearwater International Airport for a special trip.
Honor Flight West Central Florida regularly takes veterans on an all-expenses-paid, one-day flight to Washington, D.C.
The veterans visited Arlington National Cemetery and memorials built to honor their service during the war.
Florida Matters: The 70th Anniversary of D-Day
By Lottie Watts & Carson Cooper • Jun 3, 2014
Mark Schreiner / WUSF 89.7 News
This Friday will mark the 70th anniversary of D-Day, the historic military landing at Normandy during World War II.
This week on Florida Matters, we'll take a look at D-Day through the eyes of a C-47 pilot who was there. First Lt. Gerald "Bud" Berry was among those who flew paratroopers behind enemy lines in the hours before the beach invasion.
"It Was Personal": A World War II Veteran Reflects on His Service
By Bobbie O'Brien • Jun 7, 2012
Bobbie O'Brien
On Tuesday, 74 war veterans and their guardians will lift off from the St. Petersburg-Clearwater Airport headed to the nation's capital. It's called an "Honor Flight" and it's designed to give veterans a day in Washington DC to visit the memorials.
World War II Veteran and retired Circuit Judge John P. "Jack" Griffin and his son, Tampa attorney Chris Griffin, will be on that plane.


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Global Symposia
Global Symposium, London
The Global Symposia series featured two events, the first in October in London and the second in November in Singapore. The events focused on exploring the world of student expectations with panel discussions and expert-led sessions. In all, a total of 122 people attended the Symposia events from around the world. 60 different institutions from 20 different countries were represented at the event. Please keep a lookout on the Upcoming events section next year for information about the 2013 events.
The Global Symposium, London event was a great success! This two day event featured Andrew Clare on the topic of the European Economy and its Effects on Graduate Management Education. The event also featured several panel discussions on student motivations and expectations, how employers are meeting expectations, and how organizational alignment can impact expectations. The event concluded with Natalie Foley discussing a case study on Delivering on Expectations: How Student Experience Mapping Can Maximise Student Satisfaction. A total of 41 attendees were at the event. 23 schools were represented from 12 different countries.
Email programs@gmac.com for more information.
How the global economy, specifically in Europe, is affecting graduate management education and candidate/student expectations.
What can leading authorities and GMAC data tell you about how global economies, politics, and cultures influence student expectations?
How can your school deliver on your promises to candidates, alumni, and talent-hungry corporations
You'll gain information tailored to your school's unique need for students who are realistic about what you offer (and fit smoothly in your classrooms); who are well prepared for good careers (and can please employers while boosting your school's rankings); and who will be satisfied alumni (and ambassadors for your school).
You'll come away with exclusive data and market intelligence you can put to work immediately. What you learn will enhance your programme's success with future candidates, current students, alumni, and potential employers.
You'll enjoy the unique benefits of the symposium, designed to dive deeply into a vital topic relevant to you. Using an executive education format of one track only, you and your peers will address student expectations from multiple perspectives within the context of Europe. The symposium is brought to you by GMAC Professional Education & Training, dedicated to providing what you need to succeed at your job, expand your network, and meet your career goals.
Early Registration: August 6th - August 31st
GMAC member schools: US$525
Non-member schools: US$630
Regular Registration: September 1st Until Registration Closes
The Symposium hotel is The Apex Temple Court Hotel. Reservations can be made by visiting the hotel website here.
The Apex Temple Court Hotel
1-2 Serjeant's Inn
London EC4Y 1LL
F +44 (0)207 583 7929
The 2012 Global Symposium, London will be hosted by Cass Business School.
106 Bunhill Row
London EC1Y 8TZ
Click here for a map of the area around Cass.
Traveling Around London
Information, including maps, on trains, buses, and taxis in London can be found here.
GMAC Update: Your Future Students
By mining GMAC data, you can uncover invaluable information and insights into the global graduate management education market. This session will introduce you to the most recent business school applicant trends, demonstrate how to customise GMAC research, and show ways to identify the most relevant data for you and your programme. The presenters will also explore how innovations in the GMAT® exam with Integrated Reasoning and the Graduate Management Admission Search Service® (GMASS®) database allow you to better identify candidates who are the right fit for your school.
Michelle Sparkman-Renz, Director, Research Communications, Research and Development, Graduate Management Admission Council
Deborah Somers, Director, Client Services, EMEA, Graduate Management Admission Council
Keynote: The European Economy and Its Effects on Graduate Management Education
After raging for nearly four years, the European economic crisis still seems to have no happy end in sight. Providers of business education in Europe may find it increasingly difficult to attract strong candidates to study in a market that is so economically depressed. Will the Eurozone's austerity measures bring about a sustainable recovery or simply perpetuate the economic malaise? Can we trace the crisis to the original design of the Euro; was the project always doomed to fail? This session will explore these questions and more while suggesting ways in which your business school can remain competitive and relevant in today's challenging economic environment.
Andrew Clare, Economist and Professor, Cass Business School, City University, London
What We Know About Student Motivations and Expectations
What motivates both young graduates and experienced professionals to pursue graduate management education? What do they expect in terms of the academic experience, student life, and future careers? How have these expectations changed in regards to studying in Europe during the current financial crisis? These questions are key if your goal is to recruit students who have realistic expectations, fit smoothly into your classrooms, and are well prepared for good careers after graduation. This session will begin with GMAC research about candidate motivations and then offer multiple perspectives — from an admission consultant to recent alumni — to arm you with an understanding of how you are, and are not, meeting student expectations.
Stephen Raoul Sullivan, Rotterdam School of Management's Class of 2010 and Founder, Beyond Spreadsheets
Stacey J. Yuen, ESADE Business School's Class of 2011 and Marketing and Client Servicing Officer, Lloyd George Management (Europe) Ltd.
Renata Zinkovski, Cass Business School's Class of 2011 and Analyst, Credit Risk department, JP Morgan
Moderator: Graham Richmond, CEO and Cofounder, Clear Admit, LLC
How Employers Are Meeting the Expectations of Future and Current Employees
Just as business schools face an increasing gap between student expectations and reality, so do the businesses that are recruiting your graduates. As companies struggle to deliver more with less, new generations of graduates seek higher salaries, increased responsibilities, and jobs that offer more work/life balance opportunities. Given the limits on starting salaries and career progression, how do employers manage expectations? Our panel of recruiters will share their experiences so you can learn from them and communicate better with incoming classes.
Blair Beavis, EMEA Regional University Recruitment Manager Johnson & Johnson EMEA
Zoe McLoughlin, International Recruiting Manager, The Boston Consulting Group
Alexandra Perricone, Associate Director of European Research, Sanford C. Bernstein
George Pincus, Recruiter, BearingPoint
Moderator: Derek Walker, Director of Careers, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford
Meeting Expectations Through Better Organisational Alignment
Admissions directors are tasked with recruiting best-in-class talent — regardless of the world economy, the school's rank and reputation, and the available budget and resources. Programme directors are expected to deliver an exceptional academic and student experience — regardless of available faculty, budget, and resources, and despite the needs and characteristics of the class. Career service directors are supposed to attract well-known companies with the highest-paying jobs to campus and assure 100-percent placement within three months of graduation — regardless of class profiles and needs. This session will explore these three departments' sometimes-clashing objectives and help you find ways to improve organisational alignment — and hence the way you deliver on student expectations.
Rosalyn Claase, Careers Manager, University of Edinburgh Business School
Gareth Howells, Executive Director, The Full-time MBA and Masters in Finance Programmes, London Business School
Cristina Sassot, Director of Admissions, ESADE Business School
Moderator: Karen Siegfried, Executive Director, MBA Programme, Judge Business School,
Case Study in Delivering on Expectations: How Student Experience Mapping Can Maximise Student Satisfaction
Experience mapping is an innovative research method that traces the journeys customers take as they receive a service from an organisation; the goal is to improve customer satisfaction by reducing the journeys' emotional low points and maintaining the highs. This session will illustrate how Peer Insight, an innovation consultancy, worked alongside the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business to implement an experience-mapping project. The university explored both the overall student experience and the non-traditional student experience. You will hear about the surprising insights gained and discuss how you might use this approach at your own institution.
Natalie Foley, Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Peer Insight
BLAIR BEAVIS
Blair is university recruitment manager for the EMEA region for Johnson & Johnson. She works across the pharmaceutical, consumer, and medical devices and diagnostics sectors to support them in finding the best MBA talent. She joined Johnson & Johnson in June 2011 after spending the majority of her career in financial services, running both MBA and graduate programmes. She also spent two years in career services at London Business School, where she provided career support to master's students and developed relationships with potential employers. Blair graduated from the University of Essex with a degree in American literature.
ROSALYN CLAASE
Ros joined the University of Edinburgh Business School in November 2011 as the careers manager. Her background includes managing the TalentScotland Graduate Placement Programme and working for seven years at Goldman Sachs in London and Frankfurt, serving as managing analyst recruitment for the Investment Banking and Merchant Banking Divisions across EMEA. In addition, she was a resourcing partner for Barclays Wealth, with responsibility for operations recruitment across the UK and off-shore islands. Ros earned her degree in modern languages (French and German) from the University of Cambridge.
ANDREW CLARE
Andrew is professor of asset management at Cass Business School at City University London and the associate dean responsible for Cass's MSc programme. Formerly, he was a senior research manager in the Monetary Analysis wing of the Bank of England and the financial economist for Legal and General Investment Management. Ranked in a recent survey as the world's ninth most prolific finance author of the past 50 years, Andrew just published a book aimed at improving the investment performance of pension fund trustees.
NATALIE FOLEY
Natalie is vice president and chief operating officer at Peer Insight, a consultancy that combines design and business problem-solving techniques to help organisations innovate. Using her background in strategy, technology implementation, and change management, she leads projects throughout the innovation life cycle, from exploratory thinking through the ins and outs of execution. She has worked across sectors with clients such as IBM, PricewaterhouseCoopers, the World Bank, the US Air Force, and the Good Samaritan Society. Natalie holds an MBA from the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business and a BA in psychology from the College of William and Mary.
Ben joined GMAC as the regional director for EMEA earlier in 2012 after working in the academic, educational, and professional publishing sectors. Having spent many years in international business development with publishing houses including HarperCollins and Hachette, Ben has a strategic understanding of market development and professional perspectives on the education sector across Africa and the Middle East. Ben read geography at the University of Bristol, where he also completed an MA in law.
Steve is director and deputy dean of Cass Business School at City University, London. He is also a professor of actuarial science and founding editor of the Journal of Pension, Economics and Finance. He has worked at Prudential Assurance and for the Government Actuary's Department, and has served on the Council of the Institute of Actuaries and many other boards and advisory panels. The author or co-author of five books and more than 150 papers on a wide range of topics, he has also successfully supervised 24 doctorial students. Steve graduated in mathematics from the University of Cambridge, qualified as a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries in 1975, and obtained his PhD and DSc in actuarial science from City University.
Gareth, who has worked in graduate management education throughout his career, is the executive director for the Full-Time MBA and Masters in Finance Programmes at London Business School. He has overall responsibility for the strategic development of these programmes, with a focus on curriculum development, positioning, and both internal and external connections. He was also programme director for the Full Time MBA at London Business School for more than three years, working collaboratively to develop the flexible MBA and to increase the programme intake and rankings position. More recently, he was deputy associate dean at LBS, working across the school's entire degree portfolio.
ZOE McLOUGHLIN
Zoe joined Boston Consulting Group's European recruiting team in June 2010 and is based in the London office. As international recruiting manager, she works on the campaigns for London Business School and other UK universities. Prior to starting at BCG, she headed up the international office at the College of North West London and spent five years as the marketing and events manager for the full-time MBA programme at London Business School. During her time at LBS, she also managed admissions for all UK candidates. Zoe holds a BA (Hons) in English literature from the University of Sheffield.
ALEXANDRA PERRICONE
Alexandra joined Sanford C. Bernstein in 2009 as associate director of European research. Her responsibilities include managing the firm's London-based associate population and designing recruitment and development programmes. She started her career in fixed-income sales at Nomura and then moved into equity research, first at Dresdner Kleinwort and then at HSBC. In 2006, she qualified as a business coach and joined Lehman Brothers to run the graduate training and development programme for the Investment Banking Division. Alexandra graduated with an MA in modern languages from Oxford University and speaks Italian, Spanish, and French.
GEORGE PINCUS
George is head of recruiting for the London office of BearingPoint. After spending 25 years in advertising, he moved into executive search in 1992 and helped build a firm that specialised in placing post-MBA individuals in assignments across Europe. He joined BearingPoint in 2002, initially working on pan-European projects and then coming in house with the firm in London in 2004.
GRAHAM RICHMOND
Graham has worked in the MBA admissions space for more than 15 years. After beginning his career at MCS Multi-App, an educational software start-up selling business school application software products, he earned his MBA from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He then joined Wharton's admissions office. In 2001, Graham launched Clear Admit, which helps applicants find success in the MBA admissions process. He is called upon by media such as The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and The Economist to discuss trends in MBA admissions.
CHRISTINA SASSOT
Cristina is director of admissions for the full-time MBA programme at ESADE Business School. Six months after graduating from ESADE's part-time MBA programme, Cristina joined the admissions team as associate director of admissions, responsible for the North American market for the full-time MBA. She moved to her current position in June 2010 and since June 2012 has also been responsible for admissions for the master's of science in management programme. Before coming to ESADE, Cristina worked in the e-learning arena.
KAREN SIEGFRIED
As MBA executive director at University of Cambridge Judge Business School, Karen is responsible for the strategic, operational, and financial management of the Cambridge MBA. Her previous roles include chief executive and publisher of News Multimedia, a multimedia software publishing division she set up for News International in London; director of planning and new business development at Sunset Publishing/Time Warner in Menlo Park, California; director of marketing and assistant to the president of BantamDoubledayDell Publishing/Bertlesmann in New York; and associate director of the Stanford Alumni Association in Palo Alto, California. Karen received her MBA from Harvard Business School and her BA in history from Stanford University.
MICHELLE SPARKMAN-RENZ
Michelle is an analyst and director of research communications at GMAC, where she focuses on monitoring and analysing shifts across international markets and diverse populations in graduate management education. She is a frequent commentator on trends observed across stages of the student funnel and other key recruiting developments in business schools. Before joining GMAC in 2006, she worked at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, an independent, Washington-based think tank where she was deputy director of institutional relations and assistant director for the Europe Program. Michelle holds a master's degree in international affairs from George Washington University.
DEBORAH SOMERS
Deb is director of client services for EMEA at GMAC. Before joining the GMAC London office in January 2009, she worked for Lehman Brothers corporate communications team at the investment bank's European headquarters in London. She also worked at London Business School for more than 10 years in programme management and student services, faculty management, and latterly in development, where she was responsible for donor stewardship. Deb holds a first degree in Russian from the University of Birmingham and an MBA from Henley Business School.
STEPHEN RAOUL SULLIVAN
Stephen is founder of Beyond Spreadsheets, a provider of online databasing tools. He has seven years of IT and operations consulting experience in London and Brussels, where he worked at PricewaterhouseCoopers UK from 2010 to 2012 and as a free-lancer prior to that. He graduated from the Rotterdam School of Management's full-time MBA programme in 2010.
Derek is director of careers at Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford. He moved to his current position in October 2008 after working in recruitment at a number of large investment banks in London, including UBS, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, and Barclays Capital. He also spent three years as a management consultant and worked with a range of banks, public-sector bodies, and manufacturing and retailing organisations across Europe.
STACEY J. YUEN
Stacey joined Lloyd George Management (Europe) Ltd. in June 2012 to focus on client relations and business development. In 2003 she received an Honours Bachelor of Science degree from University of Guelph in Canada, and in 2011 she obtained her MBA from ESADE Business School in Spain. Post-MBA, she spent one year with the Clinton Health Access Initiative throughout West and Central Africa, engaging with ministries of health on paediatric HIV. Stacey also spent seven years at Burgundy Asset Management Ltd. in Toronto, servicing client and pension consultant relationships in both Canada and the United States.
RENATA ZINKOVSKI
Renata is an analyst in the credit risk department at JP Morgan. She graduated from Russian GV Plekhanov Academy of Economics with top honours. After an internship at Goldman Sachs, she decided to pursue a career in finance. She completed her MSc in mathematical trading and finance from Cass Business School in 2011. Her previous experience includes working as a senior product manager for the adidas group. Renata speaks five languages.
Global Symposia Advisory Group
GMAC would like to thank the members of the GMAC 2012 Global Symposia Advisory Group who continue to share their time and contribute their insights and ideas throughout the planning of this conference:
Grace Guangyu Bao
Associate Operations Director & International Affairs Director of MBA Program
Trisha Barbour
Nan Sze, Marie-Antonie Chua
Director, Graduate Studies Office
Maryke Luijendijk-Steenkamp
Director Marketing and Admissions
Cristina Olabarria
Director, Marketing and Admissions University Programmes
Sriram Subramanian

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Recently, hundreds to have gathered in and around the Palace of Westminster's Elizabeth Tower were left with silences because they could not hear the "Note E" which repeats each quarter past, half past, and on the hour.
Big Ben figures in many walking tours of London, and for a solid reason. However, you might have to be ready for silence and the partial view of Big Ben for the next four years from now. The Parliamentary authorities have decided to put a pause to "Note E" and renovate the Tower until 2021. Although renovation will commence this year, the authorities say one face of Big Ben will be visible to tourists and Londoners.
Besides, the Brits expect the Big Ben to stay fully operative on New Year's Eve and on the Remembrance Sunday as promised by the Parliament authorities. In fact, it was BBC Radio, which broadcasted the Big Ben's chimes nationwide on the New Year's Eve of 1923.
Big Ben chimed for the first time in July 11, 1859. In 2007, for a few weeks, there was maintenance done on the Big Ben, and on August 1976, the mechanical clockwork had broken down for the first time in over 117 years.
It must be mentioned that the Big Ben stands around 2.2 meters tall and on a 90 odd meters tower amid all that makes walking tours of London such a thing to behold. When in Westminster Abbey, Big Ben can be seen from afar and in the precincts of Elizabeth Tower and Palace of Westminster reside London Eye and the northern banks of the Thames River as well.
Edmund Beckett Denison is the chief architect behind the mechanical clockwork and the chimes. The Big Ben chimes for one-sixth of a second once the bell strikes Note E.
Big Ben comprises of 312 sections of opal glass, and a pendulum that stays isolated to external forces such as the wind on the hourly hands of Big Ben. Each clock dial lightens up by energy-efficient bulbs and each bulb lasts 6000 hours.
Onlookers can tell when parliament is in house by looking at the clock's face since above the Big Ben the Aryan Light illuminates. Apparently, Big Ben's chimes illustrate the distinction between the speed of light as well as sound. At times, Londoners refer the Elizabeth Tower and Clock combined as Big Ben.


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PUBLIC APOLOGY TO MR K. BARNES
The Chairperson would like to offer a full and unreserved apology to Mr Kevin Barnes for omitting to deliver his prepared tribute to him at Sunday's AGM. This was caused by an autocue malfunction, itself occasioned by some unrest and vociferous heckling during the Chairperson's controversial address. Below is the complete text of what should have been uttered on the night:
"…and so to another V50 stalwart, none other than Kev 'Barney' Barnes, who has graced the Herefordshire League in every one of its 30 + years and, not content with running on road, country,track and fell, has proved himself equally at home in the discuss cage, the long jump pit and the water jump of the steeplechase. Some of you tonight may possibly not know that Kev is the only fell runner in Britain to be permanently excused by the governing body from carrying full emergency kit in the most extreme conditions because of the extraordinary potency of his own internal heat sources. Fair play! But Kev is more than the quintessential athlete's athlete, he is a man always ready to help out at Club races and other functions. His equanimty and sense of humour are legendary and he has rarely been provoked to anger by even some of the wild and inaccurate claims that have appeared from time to time on this site. I think the last time was when your Chairperson recounted a tall tale concerning an encounter with a bloodstained cockerell up at Maerdy Farm. I will not go into details of the savage tussle that ensued, involving beaks, claws, teeth, severed wattle, flying feathers, torn shorts and a brutal neck-twisting as that would only be to repeat the libel that led to the regrettable involvement of Mr Barnes' solicitor."
I trust that sets the record straight.
Steve Herington [Chairperson].
Muddy Woody 17/2/13
Summer League XC Dates


Triloka blends three realms of the physical, virtual and spiritual world to help users address and overcome negative feelings result from depression. The user goes through a series of interactions that help him prevail over his loneliness, sadness, guilt, disinterest in daily activities, inability to concentrate, and the feeling of hopelessness.
Various environments including a forest where people share their stories around a bonfire; a virtual therapist who suggests activities to help them to overcome depression; an exciting canoeing encounter that brings back the user's interest in fun activities as well as a peaceful meditation experience on the top of a mountain. The soothing music and a mood reflecting sky are also added to the therapeutic experience to make users feel relaxed and peaceful.
Depression is a mood disorder with distressing symptoms that negatively affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.
In 2015, around 16.1 million adults aged 18 years or older in the U.S. had experienced at least one major depressive episode in the last year, which represented 6.7% of all American adults.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is the most common illness worldwide. They estimate that 350 million people are affected by depression, globally.
Losing a friend who suffer from depression a few days ago made me lost in deep thought. Though there are multiple therapies to help depression patients, the fact is, most patients are UNWILLING to accept the diagnosis of depression and thus will not accept any treatment. They are prone to mislabel pretreatment symptoms as drug-related after beginning on antidepressants, or fearing it to be too intrusive, complicated, lengthy and expensive. There are multiple helplines and chatbots to help people with depression, but the fear of your identity being revealed or being judged causes most victims to hesitate. Moreover, the unfriendly platform on which it is carried out also serves as a hindrance for people to open up.
Therefore, we hope Triloka, an immersive Virtual Reality experience could serve as a truthworthy companion for depression patients, help them to speak out their challenges and problems, regain the interests of daily activities and meditate to get inner peace.
The major aspect of this project that we spent most of our time building was the environments and the models associated with it. We imported free 3D models from the online website free3D.com and customised them to our requirements using the student version of Autodesk Maya. All the character animations and terrain systems were built using Maya and Unity engine to bring about a realistic VR experience. At the beginning, we brainstormed together to create and structure the environments and interactions to make it realistic. We hope users can treat Triloka as a friend who will ultimately help assuage depression.
We used Microsoft Speech API for the conversion of speech to text and vice-versa. It is aimed for conversing with the specialized (for depression) facebook bot and return the responses in voice using text to speech. Besides, IBM Watson's Tone Analyzer was used to track the user's mood. The following are the conversations we simulated between depression patient and the virtual therapist.
The future for Triloka will involve real-time implementation of the talk-bots which allows the user to choose, if he prefers, to talk to an actual therapist or a virtual one. Besides, we hope to integrate more interactive functions by using controllers (such as teleportation and manipulation). We are also excited to release this to the real world market and see how people react to this interactive experience. It would give us inspiring ideas to improve upon in Triloka 2.0.


The Senate Finance Committee proved that this week when it released information about its 16-month probe into Medtronic's business practices. As Bloomberg reported, Medtronic wrote and edited 11 medical journal articles about its Infuse Bone Graft product.
In fact, according to the Senate Finance Committee press release, Medtronic paid doctors $210 million in royalties and consulting fees to write articles that painted its Infuse product to be better -- and less painful -- than competing medical devices. The company may have gone so far as limiting the number of adverse side effects it included in a 2005 Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery article.
Click here for information about the Medtronic Infuse Bone Graft lawsuit.
Click here to contact one of our Medtronic Infuse Bone Graft lawyers.


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LINCOLN CORSAIR HYBRID: A BRIDGE TO THE WORLD OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES THAT IS STARTING TO MAKE MORE SENSE
by Mark Keast | May 2, 2022 | Cars, Motor, Sustainability
The Lincoln Corsair hybrid vehicle is an ultra smooth, uber sharp-looking SUV with just the right amount of luxury touch points, at a competitive price, a bridge for those not ready to make a full leap to the world of electric vehicles.
Related: The five fastest electric cars out there right now
A big component of the Left and the activist class wants us all driving Teslas by next Thursday. Reality though inconveniently gets in the way. Ever try charging your EV when it's 15 below in the middle of February, or you can't find a charging station? But here's the thing – the market is sorting this all out, not a lecture from a pundit on MSNBC. Yes, only around five per cent of cars on the road are electric vehicles. However, according to Statista, Canada's auto dealers sold 66,000 electric vehicles in 2021, up 42.5 per cent compared to 2020. And charging stations are becoming more prevalent to answer the demand.
There are soaring gas prices (average gas price in Ontario May 1 was $1.84/L), and a vulnerability in oil supply, compounded by government policy in Canada and U.S. that restricts the extraction and sale of oil and gas. There are government rebates for buying EVs. That's forced people to take second look at their gas-powered cars.
Again, the reality is it's not going to be Thursday. It's going to take a generation to fully leap from the old world to the new.
Lincoln Corsair: Best of both worlds
A recent KPMG study said almost a third of those polled (30 per cent) said they regretted not having bought an EV already. Three in five said that it was time to buy an EV and more than half said they would never buy a gas-powered car ever again. The federal government wants half of all new cars sold in the country to be zero-emission vehicles by 2030 (and all new cars by 2035).
And that brings us to the Lincoln Corsair. At the end of 2020 Lincoln stopped making Continentals and MKZs. They announced they would be going all SUV. A full lineup of electric SUVs is in their crosshairs for 2026.
The price point is the big differentiator
Compared to the Aviator, Nautilus and Navigator, the Corsair is more on the compact side. Total MSRP for the media fleet vehicle, including all the options, was $70,400. And that's where the real impact was felt by us – the price, measured against the long list of features you get for that. We liked the size of the Corsair (4,587 mm in length) because of the restrictions of driving downtown Toronto – tight condo parking spaces, pinpoint parallel street parking, deft of movement in city traffic.
The paired electric and gas powertrain engines (2.5L Grand Touring hybrid engine; combined 266 HP; all electric range of 45 km) gives the city driver the best of both worlds. Plan your day accordingly and you can wave off those corner gas stations. Noted as well – smooth acceleration and great performance with the Lincoln-first electric all-wheel drive.
With the exterior, those 20-inch bright machined aluminum wheels were one of the main statement makers, worth the $1200 optional charge. That standard chrome mesh grille lets people know you are driving a Lincoln. And the Panoramic Vista Roof makes summer time driving in particular that much more impactful.
The interior was more than comfortable, quite elegant actually, and offered up all typical menu options for a luxury ride. Too many to mention, but that air filtration system, rain-sensing wipers, leather-wrapped steering wheel, and of course those 24-way leather seats (massage functions as well) for people with back challenges stood out during our drive. All controls are easily accessible via buttons on the console. Three adults fit comfortably in the back row seating.
The Lincoln Corsair has your back with safety features as well, including blind spot detection with cross-traffic warning, pre-crash assistance with automatic emergency braking. On the highways, there's lane tracking system, plus there's rearview camera and headlights with automatic high beams, and more.
Lincoln Corsair: Our recommendation
That interior cabin was also whisper quiet, and that, with the lightness of our wallet with the SUV in electric mode for city driving, was what we took away. But is a Lincoln luxury SUV like this one provide enough features to place it in the same sentence as established luxury brands like BMW (with the X3) and Audi (Q5), at similar base prices? Lincoln has work to do there, to further build up a reputation as a luxury automaker when measured up against the Germans, and others.
Still, we've driven the others, and we more than recommend the Lincoln Corsair.
Photos: Mark Keast
EXOTIC SPORTS CARS FOR THE EXPERIENCED DRIVER
by Anthony Harrison | Jan 26, 2023
If you're an automotive enthusiast, there's nothing quite like a high-end exotic sports car. They offer the ultimate speed and performance, turning heads with their sleek designs and advanced features. Sure, these models come at a hefty price tag. But if you've got...
5 MISTAKES TO AVOID WHEN BUYING A CAR WHILE SERVING IN THE MILITARY OVERSEAS
by Miles Crawford | Jan 23, 2023
When deployed in a station far from home – whether it's temporarily or indefinitely – you may want a way to get around. However, buying a car while serving overseas can be a rather daunting task. There are many factors to consider, and it's essential to do your...
MOTOR NEWS: CHEVROLET HINTS AT ELECTRIC FUTURE WITH THE NEW CORVETTE; HERE COMES HARLEY DAVIDSON
Corvette has been in the news lately (Google "Corvette" and "Joe Biden") so hopefully Chevrolet's rollout of the 2024 version of their long-established brand didn't get diminished by all the comedy going on with the current U.S. administration. Related: Mild to wild:...


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It's the phenomenon that sets Cambridge apart from all other universities. It's not the ridiculous amount of bikes, awe inspiring architecture or even the intimidating intelligence of tens of thousands of academically enlightened students.
Fit For Cambridge, otherwise known as FFC, means the semi-cool kids at school, the six out of 10s are now strictly a nine. The most confident, most normal students are the peak of beauty and develop a cult following for being the fit ones.
If you're blonde, take care of your hair and carry yourself with an ounce of self-confidence into social situations, you're Fit For Cambridge.
As a boy, if you dress like you're going for an internship at an up-market creative design firm, suede brogues, leather bag and turned up jeans, shirt and blazer, rolling around on a brightly coloured bicycle with a basket, you're Fit For Cambridge.
The girls can be more quirky, not constrained by the limits of a Gant window display. They'll have more of a fashion sense in other words.
Annie Jenney, a 19-year-old second year, fits the Fit For Cambridge mould. She admits she dresses "a bit like a chav" – in a crop top, leggings or jeans, trainers and rucksacks, topped off with a vintage jacket and maybe some hoop earrings.
"Back in London all my friends dress like me, but here all my friends think I'm out there.
"It's definitely a thing, Cambridge standard hot. Someone who would be a six in London is a nine in Cambridge.
"In the day in London while you get a car beep, here you might just get someone ringing the bell of their bike at you.
Fit people garner fit mates, according to Annie, particularly if you are normal and know how to make friends. And so being involved in a sport or the Union immediately puts you up the scale.
They catch the eye of every student. They're more sought after than hearing the words "well done" from your tyrannical supervisor.
James Wells, a second year, said: "If you're slightly weird, a bit more street or just unusual, you typify the Cambridge aesthetic.
Another Cambridge student told us their friend has developed a cult following for fitting this mould. Partly because he's good at football and uses new age words like "mad" and "rogue".
In Cambridge, there is a man who sits in a bin almost every day. He plays the guitar from that bin and he's one of the coolest things there. There's also a clock with a giant locust on top, with lights that tell you the time. In a place where the random stuff you laughed at aged 14 typifies cool, it's no wonder being able to hold a conversation with something other than a brick wall makes you fit.


Fortune 500 chemical company has a plant that produces, among other products, hydrocarbon resins for use in assembly, automotive, building and construction, lamination, adhesive and other applications. During the production process, resin ingredients are mixed, heated, and distributed onto a water-cooled belt. As the hot liquid resin encounters the cool belt, hydrocarbon vapors are released, and then quickly condense to create a fine, white oil mist rising from the process.
Candle-type and coalescing bed type filters can provide high-efficiency control of the oil mist, but do not work effectively if any solid particulate matter is also present, or if the oil mist has a sticky nature, both of which were the case in this application. Both solid and sticky particulate blinds the filter (or any pre-filters), choking off air from the process quickly, and/or causing channeling/bypass or premature change-out of the filter media. As such this option was dismissed.
The wet ESP has an exceptionally high capital cost and was dismissed because of this.
The technologies seriously considered included a venturi scrubber, catalytic and thermal oxidizers, and the UHF® filter. The technologies compared technically and economically as shown in the table below. Electrical energy and natural gas unit costs were $0.05/kWh and $7/MMBTU, respectively.
Catalytic and thermal oxidizers were dismissed as the air stream was dilute and required high natural gas costs for the large volume of air.
The UHF® filter system offered a control efficiency of up to 99%, simultaneously removed solid and liquid particulate matter without any operational problem at all, offered very simple and reliable operation, with no downtime required for filter replacement. It offered these features at the lowest capital and operating cost of all the options.


Our treatment philosophy is to help you get a healthy mouth and to prevent future dental problems. We treat patients of all ages and we offer a wide range of treatment options.
We understand the importance of providing these services to our patients in the most comfortable, stress-free manner. We do have nitrous oxide available for those patients that may have some anxiety during dental treatment.


Is the Indonesian transition a model for the Arab Spring?
Carnegie, Paul J. (2013) Is the Indonesian transition a model for the Arab Spring? Institute of Asian Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong.
Over the last two years, the 'Indonesian model' has become an increasingly repeated mantra in media and policy circles. It seems to hold the promise of a 'road map' for the nascent transitions taking place in the Arab world. The logic and appeal here is obvious. Simply stated, Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country on the planet and in the decade or more since the downfall of Suharto; it has successfully, if not always without difficulty, transitioned from authoritarian rule to a functioning democracy. At the same time, initial concerns over radical Islamist ascendency have proved largely unfounded. In fact, Indonesia accommodates a diversity of political expression within the framework of democratic electoral politics. All of which explains the recent interest. Having said this, should we hold up the 'Indonesian model' as a general panacea for what ails the Middle East? The following paper introduces a note of caution by examining this question in more detail to see whether or not our apples are actually oranges and what lessons, if any, can we draw.
The Institute launched a Working Paper Series in 2012. It is a key component of the IAS profile both locally and internationally. The Working Paper Series acts as a publication resource to facilitate the rapid and open-access dissemination of work by IAS scholars, UBD faculty and other scholars working in and on the region. This Series of topical peer-reviewed research papers, many of which go on to finalized publication in international journals, is available in printed and online versions. Papers from the IAS WPS can be downloaded from the list located on this webpage. Printed versions are also available from the Institute's publication collection.


Just for fun, here's a video clip. The quotes lines are the very first lines of the opera and thus the first lines in this clip.
Interesting that again we have the theme of movement toward the east. However, here the sea is in stark contrast to the preceding desert. This passage then seems like, literally, a breath of fresh air, a relief from the dry, dusty passage in the desert. But does this represent a true turn away from the aridity of the desert or can the ocean be another form of desert?
The wind blows toward home or from the homeland? The translations I've looked at differ and that seems to be a big difference, and one that would make for very different interpretations. Any German speakers want to give me a hand here?
But I think we need to back up a little and look at the quotation in it's original context before we can really understand what Eliot's doing with it.
The legend of Tristan and Isolde (Tristram and Iseult) takes place during the Middle Ages, when knighthood and the chivalric code prevailed. On board ship from Ireland to Cornwall, a sailor's voice resounds from the rigging. His song about an Irish girl annoys the fiery [Irish] Isolde, who is being taken by Tristan as bride for his uncle, King Marke [king of Cornwall]. Isolde wishes the ship would sink rather than take her to her hated destination.
Wagner's story is derived from the medieval romance Tristan and Iseult, a romance more or less loosely connected to the Arthurian romances. The core story of the adulterous romance between the Irish princess and the Cornish knight echoes the fatal love triangle of Arthur, Guinevere, and Lancelot. Tristan is escorting the reluctant Iseult/Isolde to her wedding with his kinsman King Marke/Mark of Cornwall. In all versions the love between Tristan and Iseult is the result of a love potion. In the version Wagner follows Iseult has reason to hate Tristan because he is responsible for the death of her former lover/fiance. Therefore she attempts to give him a poison but because of a mistake they both drink a love potion instead and fall fatally in love with each other. Versions of the story vary considerably, but the love created by the love potion and the love triangle are constant.
So here Eliot again introduces the theme of illicit romance/love gone wrong—a theme that pervades the Arthurian material and in the form of infertility/sterility of the Fisher King is essential to the Grail legend—which will surface again and again in the poem. The love triangle will also appear later in the Waste Land in allusions to the figure of Cleopatra who was involved with both Julius Ceasar and Mark Anthony. What is it about the love triangle and misplaced passion? Part of it is that the impotence of the Fisher King is echoed in the cuckolded King Mark. Part of the "waste land" experience is that passions are disordered, unnatural and that love is frustrated and sterile.
I think the Arthurian connection is not at all coincidental but connects to the basic structure of Eliot's poem. In later versions of the Tristan legend Tristan is one of the knights of Arthur's Round Table and a participant in the Grail Quest. The quest for the grail is the quest for that which will set all aright, will create right order and reign in the passions.
Now to go back to the literal meaning of the words in the song, I think that verb "linger" is interesting. It reminds me of that voice that we identified as the tempter acedia which invited the traveler to stop under the shadow of the rock. There are many ways to avoid completing a journey, to avoid a homecoming or an arrival at a destination we don't want to reach.
I speak no German and I'm not familiar with this opera except in the synopsis I've read, so I welcome input from anyone who can give me a clearer idea how to read these lines and how these lines might fit into Eliot's poem. And of course even if you are just as ignorant about those things as I am, I welcome any and all comments. What do you think about these lines? And, be honest, what blindingly obvious things have I missed?
May God bless you and continue to keep you and all your tribe.
I sympathize. I think you are having a harder time than I am in that all my kids are generally asleep by 8 and they don't get up til at least 6. I am still tired and wonder just why kids have to eat so many times every single day, but at least I'm generally getting 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night.
I always get fuzzy-headed in the first trimester and then I get to the second one and wonder what I was doing, oh, 8 weeks prior.
I hope you are able to get some good sleep.
My blog suffers mainly because I have thoughts but have an insanely hard time making them into anything coherent or even comprehensible.
Thank you, Owen. May God bless you too.
Thanks, Katherine. Fortunately this does tend to pass for me around week 14. Suddenly my head will be clear and I won't want to throw up and things will be pretty good until I get so huge I feel like a beached whale. Thanks be to God I got a real nap today. More than an hour on the futon in the office. Just trying to take it one day at a time.
Poor Melanie. I wish I was nearby so I could watch the littles for you and shoo you off for a nap.
I know the morning sickness is coming for me, it always kicks in full force around this point. I just started bread for dinner, and the kneading motion was making me seasick. And I will always be highly anxious during my first trimesters, so even when I'm not actively sick, I'm just unbearable to be around. At least my husband is a good sport.
Maybe you could try going to bed early and getting up before Anthony invades the bed? It could help with the sleep, and you could get your quiet time in in the early morning and let Dom deal with Anthony when he invades. I don't know if that would disrupt your other children's sleep though. During the school year, Mike's alarm starts going off at 4:45am, and (as long as I can get to bed before 10) I'm essentially wired be up by 5. I can't do anything that makes noise, or David will be downstairs like a shot*, but I can read, and (theoretically, of course) write blog posts. This doesn't work during the school year, I have to be making breakfast then, but it's nice during the summer.
* one night I couldn't sleep, so I went downstairs at 3 and emptied the dishwasher and started working on the obscene stack of dishs, and by 3:45 my son was downstairs asking when I was going to make breakfast! I can make coffee in the morning, but that's about it.
Ah, I am sorry these early weeks have been so rough for you! I hope the days pass quickly into that portion of pregnancy that is a bit more settled and energetic!
It's not actually Siberia, but it's your Siberia for the present time. I have been where you are, and all you can do is endure. It does not feel heroic or holy. You muddle on through, dragging one foot at a time.
I will pray for grace and for a window of rest.


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Here's to the next 50
Wednesday, July 31, 2019, 12:05 a.m.
Then came 51.
All parties must end, after all, and after today, West Hawaii Today's 50th birthday year will be pau. We've been celebrating the anniversary since last summer with a specialty front page banner and a weekly Wednesday article that looked back at WHT's headlines from 50 years ago.
For us, it was joy seeing the stories and store deals from five decades ago.
While the prices for goods and groceries were certainly from a different era — 10 cans of soda for $0.89, or how about a three-bedroom home on 5 acres for $66,000? — a lot of the issues and community spirit weren't all that different from today.
Stories about developing the airport read just as true then as they do today, even if the location of the flight facility has shifted. The Milolii community, 50 years ago, pushed back against the military using their fishing village neighborhood for bombing practice. That sounds a lot like neighbors rallying against military using the terrain in similar fashion around Pohakuloa Training Area.
There are more examples, fun ones, too. A man 50 years ago received an award for his daring rescue of a young swimmer in distress. It was but months ago, the paddling community in Waikoloa helped bring a shark attack victim to shore after the paddler's vessel was thrashed about by the beast. Both made WHT's front pages.
But our 50th birthday began July 31, 2018, so the weekly celebration unfortunately ends today.
It's not to say the headlines showed that island is blindly repeating history, either. Far from it. The news stories showed us that the community cared about the issues it faced and got involved in them to create a better version of Hawaii as they saw it.
Just like today.
We're looking forward to crossing the next milestone year where we'll celebrate again by looking back. Is 60 too soon? Because a snapshot of then is a good reminder of who we are today.
More time for TMT
Trial delayed for man charged with attempted murder of cop


S-DS81L, a more energy efficient version of the S-DS81, built for automation and robotics application. S-DS81L features the same support for high-performance processors, including Intel's 4th generation Core, Pentium, and Celeron 65W series, but with relatively lower power consumption.
S-DS81Loperates on a mere 12 Volts and consumes a maximum of 84Watts while it's older brother, S-DS81 runs on 19V and consumes a max 90Watts. The difference in energy consumption is essential for commercial applications that require long-term operation. The system memory supports dual-channel DDR3 1600 with maximum capacity up to 16GB and is able to deliver 4K Ultra HD video content depending on the CPU.


Research for My Novel Has Placed Annie Oakley "In My Sights"
At the Garst Museum: Annie Oakley's trunk.
I'm writing an historical novel about American sharpshooter Annie Oakley, whose real name was Phoebe Ann Butler (nee Mosey). I have collected numerous books that I've read and reread, some about Annie and others about William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody.
The very first person I contacted about this project four years ago was "the keeper of the Annie Oakley flame," Bess Edwards, Miss Oakley's great-niece who lived in Michigan. Ms. Edwards, who died earlier this year, graciously chatted with me by phone and told me that when her grandfather (Annie's brother, John H. Moses) saw the musical "Annie Get Your Gun," he cried all the way home. He felt her portrayal in the show was much too coarse and nothing like the woman he knew. Ms. Edwards' grandpa was in conflict with his famous sister for many years, because he insisted their family name was "Moses," even though Mosey was the name inscribed on their father's tombstone in Mendenhall Cemetery, Yorkville. (Annie may have spelled the name Mozee, but she was essentially closer to its origins than John. ) It was Bess Edwards who took the time and considerable effort to end the controversy, once and for all. She wrote a wonderful essay about her search--see below.
Each of these experiences was vital to my understanding of this midwestern genius who became America's first superstar. Unless I'd seen some of the woods (some extant) where Annie learned to shoot and walked the main street of Greenville where she took her extra quail to G.A. Katzenberger's, the grocers who sent her game to hotels and restaurants, I don't think I'd have a clue to the woman's life or psychology.
Three summers ago I added a new piece to the puzzle to the woman who was Phoebe Ann Mosey Butler. I visited the NRA's National Firearms Museum in Fairfax, Virginia, to see Annie Oakley's F. Hambrusch shotgun, a gift from William F. Cody in 1890. It's a beauty, and while I was there I chatted with Doug Wicklund, senior curator, and Sylvia A. Schneider, administrative assistant, about a range of gun-related topics--from how to load a muzzle loader (Annie's first gun) to how much smoke a marksman in 1876 might have to endure during a match. Mr. Wicklund was a treasure trove of information and Ms. Schneider gave me additional details for research.
As of now, my book is zooming along. I feel a deep kinship with Annie who was born in 1860 and died in 1926. She was a woman of great strength and perseverance who endured poverty and physical abuse at the hands of a foster family (circa 1870-1872) but who became a legend. I believe she may be the greatest shooter the United States has ever produced--and maybe the world. She had a thorny relationship with her mentor and longtime boss, Buffalo Bill, who admired "Missy" but also felt concerned about her growing reputation; so concerned, in fact, he didn't show up for a match in Wimbledon when his company was playing in London during Queen Victoria's Jubilee Year (1887).
I look forward to finishing my book and sharing Annie's story with readers. I definitely hope my book will "hit the mark"...and I honestly think it will. And I'm grateful to the experts mentioned here who have encouraged me. I don't plan to let them down!


Governments must enact and enforce policies mandated by the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to protect kids from the aggressive marketing tactics of tobacco companies. Share now to stop British American Tobacco's covert social media advertising campaign!
Venezuela must investigate #BritishAmericanTobacco tobacco advertising on social media TODAY!
Venezuela must investigate British American Tobacco tobacco advertising on social media TODAY!
Investigations uncovered social media advertising campaigns from British American Tobacco reaching millions online, including in Venezuela.


I am a certified teacher and translator of German, Russian, Spanish since 1967. Lessons are structured to the individual student's needs and level. I employ an eclectic use of all the major methodologies as determined by student goals.
I have taught thousands of students over a period of forty years. Most achieved basic to intermediate fluency and successfully continued their language studies at four-year colleges or universities to include Harvard and West Point.
Additional charge of $10 to cover travel expenses.
Certified translator and teacher; student election to "Who's Who among Teachers"; taught a variety of students from kindergarten to college.


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Wurld
Born in Lagos, Nigeria, WurlD relocated to the US as a teenager and received his college education at Georgia State University, studying computer science. While in school, WurlD developed a serious interest in musical performance.
In late 2012, WurlD release his first single, "Beyond Our Dreams" from his debut EP titled Evolution, due summer 2013. Coinciding with the release, SESAC held an exclusive listening party at their Atlanta office for WurlD's forthcoming Evolution EP. By early 2013, WurlD was in the recording studio with Mario, writing songs for the R&B superstar's upcoming album. Shortly after, the music video for Evolution's second single, "Alive" was premiered exclusively via MTV: The Wrap Up on May 2, 2013. WurlD also teamed up with Timbaland's artist, BK Brasco as a featured artist on "Beautiful Girls." He also appears in the song's video.
In 2015 WurlD went certified Gold with his Sony Music release track "Follow You" with Polish DJ, Gromee.
In May 2016 WurlD released "Show You Off" an Afro-soul record featuring Walshy Fire of Major Lazer and Afro-beat producer Shizzi. In June 2016 WurlD released the collaborative track "Better Days" with Sir Felix; it became the official anthem for DelfSail 2016.
ref:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurld_(musician)
4 years ago in Musique
MHD – BEBE
Tiwa Savage – Ello Baby
Kiss Daniel – Yeba
Koffi Olomide – feat Naza – Pi Pi Pi
Patrick PECK – Notre histoire


WannaCry, the biggest ransomware attack in the history, gained prominence very rapidly in the media globally after the ransomware infected more than 300,000 computers in over 150 countries within just 72 hours.
Governments, Intelligence agencies and law enforcement around the world have already started their investigations and are working closely with affected companies to track down hackers responsible for the global cyber attack launched on Friday, 12th May.
Some researchers traced back WannaCry to a state-sponsored hacking group in North Korea, while other believed the perpetrators might be Chinese.
If you have been following WannaCry coverage on The Hacker News, you should be aware of that the WannaCry ransomware uses Tor hidden service to communicate with its command-and-control server.
Just yesterday, we came to know that French authorities had seized at least 6 Tor's entry guard node servers, hosted on France-based hosting providers, just two days after the outbreak of ransomware attack while investigating the WannaCry incident.
On 15th May, a French hacktivist, who uses online moniker 'Aeris,' informed Tor community that the official from Central Office for Combating Crime Related to Information and Communication Technologies (OCLCTIC) raided the Online.net hosting provider and have seized his "kitten1" and "kitten2" (torguard and fallback directory) servers on 14th May.
"Cops raided OVH, Online.net and FirstHeberg hosting providers on the basis of a complaint filed by French Renault company that was one of the victims of the WannaCry infection," Aeris told The Hacker News.
"I went to court to have access to information about the seizer of my servers, but it refused to provide me with any information, and even the providers are under gag order."
Aeris told THN that he is aware of the seizer of total 6 Tor relays, operated by 5 operators.
Perhaps nobody was aware of the takedown of these servers in question until the author of Deepdotweb first reported about this incident on Saturday.
Aeris also claimed that the French authorities had taken this action after a victim company (possibly Renault, a France-based multinational automobile manufacturer) contacted the agency for help and provided network traffic logs to assist the investigation.
Since the Tor nodes have been securely implemented to protect the privacy of Tor users and no actual data had been retained on them, the law enforcement authorities would hardly find any evidence related to the WannaCry gang.
"Private key are under encrypted volume and may be protected, but please revoke immediately kitten1 & kitten2 tor node. Those nodes are also fallback directory." Aeris warned.
WannaCry epidemic that hit victims worldwide was using self-spreading capabilities to infect vulnerable Windows computers, particularly those using older versions of the operating system.


The city of Tampa hosts a local population in excess of 340,000 people and has been consistently expanding since its settlement in 1823 and incorporation in 1849. Scenically situated along Florida's western coast with the Gulf of Mexico, Tampa has become the 53rd-largest city in the United States and is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Area. The communities that surround the core of Tampa are usually referred to as the "Tampa Bay" area. In 2008, Tampa was ranked the eighth-cleanest city in the United States by Yahoo! and the fifth-best outdoor city by Forbes Magazine.
Tampa Bay is the large natural harbor and estuary that is the core of the region and the home base for the city of Tampa and the surrounding area. The bay is actually comprised of several smaller bays: Old Tampa Bay, Hillsborough Bay, McKay Bay, and New Tampa Bay. As Florida's largest open-water estuary, Tampa Bay extends over 1,000 square kilometers and includes coastline on not only Hillsborough County but also Manatee County and Pinellas County. Over a hundred tributaries and rivers acts as freshwater sources to the bay.
Some of the communities that surround and support Tampa include Apollo Beach, Balm, Bloomingdale, Brandon, Carrollwood Village, Dover, Gibsonton, Lithia, Lutz, Mango, Orient Park, Plant City, Riverview, Ruskin, Seffner, Sun City Cente, Temple Terrace, Thonotosassa, Valrico, Wimauma, Westchase, and Ybor City. Residents of both urban Tampa and the several communities and neighborhoods that surround it find that health care, shopping, everyday essentials, and entertainment are all within a convenient range from their home. More importantly, the traffic flow in the area has been improved to enable residents quick and easy commutes throughout the greater Tampa area.
There are several major thoroughfares and corridors that make transportation to and from the main city of Tampa from the surrounding areas quick and convenient. The I-275 runs in the north-south direction and actually forms a loop through Tampa, leading to St. Petersburg and Bradenton. The I-4 runs in the east-west direction and is routed from Tampa to Daytona Beach where the thoroughfare merges into the I-95. The I-75 runs in the north-south direction and passes Tampa on its eastern boundary rather than bisecting the city center. The interstate is 1787 miles in length and stretches from Miami, Florida in the south to Sault Saint Marie, Michigan in the north.


Spring is in the air and we all know what that means – travel season is here! From the crystal clear waters & sandy beaches of Copacabana flying to the vibrant cities of Europe and back to trying all things exotic in Southeast Asia, before you venture off to the destination you have in mind, check out our travel tips that will help you pack with ease.
NYC, Thailand, Portugal, Japan or Spain, before you hop on to your flight, consider getting travel book guides to plan sites visit and know about the weather to plan what clothes you're bringing with you.
Packing anxiety is a real thing and it's the last thing we'd want. While it can get stressful, this dreadful task can be way simple than you think; pouches, bottles, and bags are all you need then organize your toiletries, passport, clothes, etc.
While we encourage you to do some digital detox while you're on your trip, taking images of your travel experience is important – this is the type of moment you'd want to keep forever. Choose from futuristic drones to instant cameras and gadgets, you're going to need it.
Avoid the problems that may come during your trip. Charger back-ups, adapters, pillows and travel mugs will make your whole adventure hassle-free. Don't forget about headphones to entertain you throughout the flight.
A true wanderlust doesn't stop travelling after visiting just one country. After your adventure ends, you will be thinking about the next journey you'll take, which is why documenting as much as you can is always a great idea!


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Treasury written question – answered on 11th January 2021.
All Written Answers on 11 Jan 2021
Anneliese Dodds Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment he has made of the adequacy of HMRC's arrangements for throughput at the UK's ports in January 2020 in the event that (a) the UK and the EU secure and (b) do not secure a new trade agreement before the end of the transition period.
Hansard source (Citation: HC Deb, 11 January 2021, cW)
Jesse Norman The Financial Secretary to the Treasury
The Government has agreed a deal with the EU. The deal provides for streamlined customs arrangements, including recognising respective trusted trader schemes, to support the smooth flow of goods at the border, including ports.
HMRC have been working closely with the border industry, including ports, to ensure they are engaging with the new requirements and have taken the necessary steps to prepare. HMRC will continue to engage in order to identify any further support HMRC can provide.
(Citation: HC Deb, 11 January 2021, cW)


We've updated the style of the application, making better use of screen space for lists and details panel. The action buttons are more visible and better grouped and positioned. The toolbar was redesigned in order to make it easier for you to find the most important actions. What is more important is that the new UI is adaptive and responsive.
Three new lists have been added: Owned, Completed and Watched. Now you can find important tasks that are related to you in just one click.
We've added a universal "New" button so that it's easier to find how to create new things in the app.
Now you can view task details right from the dashboards without leaving the current screen.
We've also added a new shortcut for starting and stopping work on a task. Just press 's' to start/stop.
Status icons for activity streams have been redesigned and two new ones for reassigned and cancelled events have been added.
The dashboard has now got a new filter "Changed by me" for activity stream items so that you can filter out tasks that you altered recently.
We've fixed some issues with missing avatars of domain users.
Several UI and performance glitches have also been fixed.
Never miss an update, subscribe to our blog!


Rosamonte obtained the Rainforest Alliance certification for sustainable agriculture for its commitment to the environment.
Your daily yerba mate, with you at all the time.
Find ROSAMONTE in major social networks.
Same yerba mate tan ever, now in a package that goes with you.
In 1936 Mr. Demetrio HREÑUK, Son of Ukrainian immigrants, founds a family business with the active collaboration of his wife Catalina, dedicated at the beginning to the plantation, harvest and drying of yerba mate (Paraguayan tea) He purchases his first mill in 1966 and begins marketing elaborated yerba mate. This is the start up of ROSAMONTE yerba mate (Paraguayan tea).
As the years went by HREÑUK S.A. was created from the existing structure which broadened its activities of production, manufacture and marketing to other lines of economic activity, adding tea, aquaculture, cattle raising, forestry and packing plants.


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Moral Policing Much? TN College Expels 4 Girls After A Video Of Them Drinking With Boys Goes Viral
The principal said that if the students are let off without severe punishment, it would set a bad precedent for other students.
Updated: January 3, 2020 12:11 PM IST
By India.com Buzz Desk Email
Edited by Ritu Singh Email
Nagapattinam: In a case of moral policing, four female students of Dharmapuram Adhinam Arts College in Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, were expelled after a video of them drinking alcohol with their male friends went viral on the internet.
The incident which took place nearly six weeks ago, came to light only in the last week of December after the said video started circulating on various social media platforms, as per a report in The News Minute.
As expected, the custodians of our society started questioning the girls' morality and criticised them.
The video, whose authenticity couldn't be verified shows a group of girl students, three of them in uniform, drinking alcohol in what appears to be a birthday party. The boys in the video are said to be the birthday girl's cousins.
The video was apparently shot and released by one of the boys present at the party and was allegedly uploaded by him without the girls' consent on WhatsApp, Facebook, etc.
Meanwhile, after the backlash, the college principal S Swaminathan convened a meeting on December 26, and decided to expel the students for "behaving in a manner that would bring disrepute to college".
The principal later said that the college has its own set of rules and regulations for instilling values in students as they grow up. He also said that if the students are let off without severe punishment, it would set a bad precedent for other students.
Their expulsion came into effect from January 2, 2020.
Drinking Too Much Alcohol? Get Ready For These Health Ailments
Even Moderate Drinking Can Cause Cancer, Here is What Can Keep You From Developing The Disease
drinkingStudentsTamil Nadu
Updated Date: January 3, 2020 12:11 PM IST


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Boston College Hockey
Boston College Women's Hockey
2022-2023 NCAA Women's Hockey GRaNT Computer Rankings
BC Interruption's own college hockey ranking system
By Grant Salzano@Salzano14 Oct 31, 2022, 1:53pm EDT
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BC Athletics
GRaNT Computer Rankings:
NCAA "National Collegiate" Women's Hockey
Welcome back to the 2022-2023 edition of the GRaNT Computer Rankings!
It stands for Grant's Reasonable and Not Terrible Computer Rankings. We hope that you find the rating system itself as good as the name.
For anyone who has ever complained about RPI or the Pairwise, this is another system to stand alongside some of the deeper mathematical methods like KRACH or CHODR that give a more robust and methodologically sound ranking of teams.
The following involves math. Skip past this section if that makes you uncomfortable.
The ranking system can be most simply described as KRACH for goal differential.
Instead of straight goal differential, though, what's used is a sort of goal ratio, or, more accurately, the percentage of goals scored in a game (we'll call it "G%") by each team — for example, if Team A beats Team B by a score of 3-1, then Team A's G% = 3 out of 4 goals, or 75%, and Team B's G% = 1 out of 4 goals, or 25%.
Each team's GRaNT rating is used to determine its expected G% against a given team. If Team A has a GRaNT rating of 300 and Team B has a GRaNT rating of 125, over the long run we would expect Team A to score 300/(300+125) ≈ 70.5% of the goals in games against Team B on average — something like a 2.8-1.2 or 3.5-1.5 final score.
The GRaNT rankings are determined by setting each team's rating so that the sum of their expected G%'s against each of their opponents (calculated using each team's rating as described in the previous paragraph) is equal to the sum of their actual G%'s against each of their opponents (the real-life results of the games that actually happened). A rating of 100 represents an "average" team.
Someone with an eagle eye might note that shutouts appear to cause a problem in this method of calculation. A team that wins 1-0 and a team that wins 5-0 will both have a G% of 1.000 for that game, even though a 5-0 win is clearly better. This is handled by doing the math on all of the games as a whole instead of individually.
For example, if Team A wins its two games 1-0 and 3-1, its combined G% will be 4 out of 5 goals = 80%, and if Team B wins its two games 5-0 and 3-1, its combined G% will be 8 out of 9 goals = 89%.
An added feature of this "G%" figure is that you have diminishing returns on blowouts. So, while winning a game 4-1 (80%) is a reasonable amount better than winning 3-1 (75%), winning a game 8-1 (89%) doesn't really do that much for you compared to winning 7-1 (88%).
Lastly, each team is given a "phantom 1-1 tie" against an "average" team. This has no effect on the relative position of teams in the rankings, but allows the formula to be calculated properly (and prevents any issues for a team that might have played in only shutouts). KRACH's formula does something similar.
Since the formula is, by definition, calculated by determining what percentage of goals you should score in a game against a given team, we've also provided built-in calculator where you can select two teams and it will show what percentage of goals each team can be expected to score for each matchup.
Even better, using the number of goals each team would be projected to score against a team with the same rating as itself, we're able to calculate actual score projections for every game. That calculator is included as well.
"RRSP," short for "Round Robin Scoring Percentage," is included in the rankings. This is similar to RRWP (Round Robin Winning Percentage) in KRACH, in that it tells you what percentage of goals a team would expect to score in they played in a "round robin" season, playing every other team exactly once.
The rankings are posted above Women's D-I/NC college hockey and will be updated periodically each week. We hope you find our ranking system useful!


We have a new judging applicant, Lee Davis from Helena, MT. As always, we are asking for feedback, both positive and otherwise.
Are they polite, considerate, friendly to everyone at a trial?
Do they treat their dogs fairly and with respect and always compete in a sportsmanlike manner, as a representative of the sport should be?
Are they interested in other competitors' successes and achievements?
Are they willing to jump in to help keep trials moving even without being scheduled as a volunteer?
Are they a strong supporter of NADAC, its rules and philosophy, both at a trial and in other areas?
Are they willing and able to knowledgeably discuss NADAC rules and philosophy with fellow exhibitors when asked?
Do they have the ability to handle difficult people with diplomacy and effectiveness?
Do they embrace and support the evolution of NADAC?
Do they have the ability to mentally concentrate for long periods of time and be able to make split second decisions?
Are they physically capable of being on their feet from the measuring of dogs in the morning until the last dog finishes running that day, while maintaining mental focus and a good attitude?
Do they have a good knowledge of how a trial runs, as a score keeper, timer, scribe?