text:
A prospective study of catch-up growth among Indian children with celiac disease
Madhavi Bharadwaj1, Ashish Jain2, Anand Prakash Dubey1, Avinash Lomash3, Seema Kapoor3
1 Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
2 Department of Neonatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
3 Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
Date of Submission 18-Jun-2020
Date of Decision 08-Sep-2020
Date of Acceptance 08-Oct-2020
Dr. Ashish Jain
Boys Hostel, MAMC, New Delhi
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1193_20
Objectives: The study was done to investigate the response of the gluten-free diet (GFD) on growth and other biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed children with celiac disease (CD). We also determined the association of Marsh biopsy classification and the response in haematological parameters among the children with GFD over the follow-up time. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 1.5 years where children aged 1–10 years with newly confirmed CD (as per Marsh classification) without pre-existing chronic disease were enrolled. Individual anthropometry, biochemical and haematological parameters were recorded on enrolment and compared with 1, 3 and 6 months (follow-up) after initiating GFD (as per World Health Organization growth charts). Statistical Analysis: The data were entered in MS Excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 51 (out of 55) children with CD completed 6-month follow-up. A significant improvement in the growth and biochemical parameters was seen at 6-month follow-up with the GFD (P < 0.05). There was a significantly decreasing Hb (at enrolment and at 3 months) with increasing Marsh biopsy grade—it was significantly less with Marsh 3C and more with Marsh 3A. A significantly better %Hb improvement was seen in children with Marsh biopsy 3C as compared to 3A and 3B (P < 0.05). We found no significant association of Marsh biopsy with Malabsorption, type of anaemia and Serum ferritin levels (P > 0.05). Conclusions: GFD showed significant improvement in the growth and development of the child with a significant reduction in anaemia at 6 months. With increasing grade of Marsh biopsy, the severity of anaemia increases but after the initiation of GFD, such children show significantly better improvement in %Hb over time.
Keywords: Anthropometry, celiac disease, gluten-free diet, growth
Bharadwaj M, Jain A, Dubey AP, Lomash A, Kapoor S. A prospective study of catch-up growth among Indian children with celiac disease. J Family Med Prim Care 2020;9:5909-15
Bharadwaj M, Jain A, Dubey AP, Lomash A, Kapoor S. A prospective study of catch-up growth among Indian children with celiac disease. J Family Med Prim Care [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 20];9:5909-15. Available from: https://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2020/9/12/5909/305564
The genetic predisposition and immune mediation play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). It affects 1% of the people worldwide[1] and in India as well.[2] The diverse clinical presentations of paediatric CD make it an unusual diagnosis at presentation by the primary care physicians.[3],[4] The continuous search for the non-invasive testing and diagnosis of this disease[5] has led to the review of the old protocols and now the latest guidelines advise the diagnosis based on serology, particularly tissue transglutaminase (TTG)-immunoglobulin A (TG2-IgA) and IgA testing supported by histopathology of duodenal biopsy.[6]
Opting for the single easily modifiable factor, that is gluten-free diet (GFD), from the pathological triad of genetic, immunological and diet seems the only effective way of its treatment/remission.[7],[8],[9] The life-long adherence to a strict GFD, comprising complete elimination of products derived from wheat, rye, and barley and products processed from these cereals and replacing them with naturally gluten-free products (maize, rice, oats, buckwheat, lamb, meat, fish, vegetables, fruit) or by-products from which gluten has been removed,[10] can help prevent stimulation of autoimmune antibodies, thereby maintaining the normal healthy flora and good absorption of the nutrients.
Usually, the effect of the GFD on growth in children shall begin immediately with the better absorption, but it may take as long as 6–24 months due to the regenerating intestinal villi and other associated factors.[1] A meta-analysis identified young age as a significant factor affecting the outcome in the children with CD.[11] One of the studies identified that the concurrent presence of Helicobacter pylori can prevent the complete recovery of mucosa in such children.[12] Literature review shown that previous studies have been conducted on the western population,[1],[13],[14] and Saudi children[4] with sparse research on Indian children.[14]
Thus, we conducted this research with an aim to study the effects of the GFD on growth and biochemical parameters of Indian children with CD over a 6-month follow-up period. The study shall help in raising concern over early diagnosis of CD and strict nutritional monitoring of such children for their better growth and development.
A prospective observational study was done from October 2014 to March 2016 in the Department of Pediatrics, where 55 children of age 1–10 years and diagnosed with CD were included. The diagnosis of CD was based on (1) confirmation by duodenal biopsy (endoscopically) as per modified Marsh criteria dividing it into inflammatory damage of infiltrative (I), infiltrative-hyperplastic (II), destructive (III) and hypoplastic (IV) type[6] and (2) positive serum anti-tissue TTG IgA antibody.
Any children with pre-existing heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic renal disease, CNS disease, chronic liver disease and any endocrine disorders based on history and clinical examination were excluded from the study. Informed consent was taken from caregivers of the children before enrolment. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, New Delhi (EC/MAMC/2011/147).
The sample size calculation was based on the study of Radlović et al.[13] who observed increase in BH percentiles from 37.62 ± 26.26 to 57.22 ± 25.29. Taking these values as reference, the minimum required sample size with 99% power of study and 1% level of significance is 42 patients. To reduce margin of error, total sample size taken is 51. In our study among the 55 children selected for CD, 4 were lost to follow-up; hence, the data were analysed for 51 patients only.
After a detailed talk with parents, all the children underwent a complete clinical examination, HLA typing (also for siblings and parents) and relevant laboratory investigation and baseline growth, and biochemical parameters were recorded which were compared with growth catch-up in the follow-up period.
Clinical examination: The anthropometric measurements included weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and BMI; the obtained values were then matched to the corresponding age and gender. Height/Length for age, weight for age, weight for height/length and head circumference were assessed using WHO standards.[15]
Laboratory investigations: Four millimetres of venous blood sample was drawn for estimation of total protein and lipid profile. Three millimetres blood was taken in EDTA vial for haemoglobin (Hb), ferritin and plasma amino acid measurement using the principle of high-performance liquid chromatography. Hb in blood, as a laboratory parameter of nutritional status, was determined by the automatic cell counter Sysmex XP 100. Children aged below 5 years were considered anaemic if Hb in blood was < 110 g/l, and for those aged above 5 years if Hb was < 115 g/l.[4]
At disease diagnosis and outpatients' check-ups, a counselling session was arranged for parents with the dietician for explaining the GFD, wherein food type allowed and to be avoided were explained. Possible maize flour, rice flour and other options were explained with the help of a diet chart.
Follow-up: After completed hospitalization, all the children were under follow-up as outpatients over 1, 3 and 6 months. The check-up examinations involved compliance with GFD, possible presence of difficulties and a complete examination including accurate weight, height, BMI, Hb and ferritin measurements.
The outcome parameters were (1) change in anthropometric parameters (height/length, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference), (2) change in biochemical parameters (Hb, serum ferritin, lipid profile, total protein/serum albumin/plasma amino acids, and (3) association of Marsh biopsy features with the catch-up growth.
Quantitative variables were compared using the paired t-test/Wilcoxon Ranked sum test. Qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test. The data were entered in MS Excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
The mean age of presentation of children was 6 years and 2 months ± 2 years and 4 months. Majority, that is 72.55% (n = 37), of children, were >5 years of age, and only 27.45% (n = 14) were ≤5 years of age, with the youngest participant being 19 months of age. The ratio of boys and girls was 2:3 with 31 girls and 20 boys.
Clinical Features: Almost half of the study patients (n = 26) presented with classical symptoms of CD (chronic diarrhoea, abdominal distension and pain abdomen) and others presented with atypical features like refractory anaemia, short stature or was diagnosed on screening.
After GFD, clinically, 70% (n = 36) patients showed improvement in terms of resolution of diarrhoea, abdominal distension, increased appetite, improved activity etc.
Genetic analysis: Eighty-two per cent (n = 42) patients were positive for both HLADQ2 0201/0501 alleles, 13.7% (n = 7) patients were positive only for HLA DQ2-0201, and only 2 patients (3.9%) had only HLA DQ2-0501 allele. A total of 128 relatives, including parents and siblings, were screened and 15% (n = 20) were found to have silent CD.
Growth parameters: There was a significant improvement in the weight, height and BMI over a period of 6 months as compared to the baseline (P < 0.05), as shown in [Table 1],[Table 2],[Table 3].
Table 1: Changes in the weight on follow-up
Table 2: Changes in the height on follow-up
Table 3: Changes in the BMI on follow-up
Haematological and biochemical parameters: We found a significant improvement in Hb (anaemia) and ferritin levels with GFD among the study patients [Table 4] and [Figure 1].
Figure 1: Change in ferritin on follow-up
Table 4: Change in Hb on follow-up
At the end of 6 months, the mean Hb significantly increased from 8.61 to 10.72 g/dl (P = 0.045); the mean ferritin increased from 15.12 to 32 ng/dl (P = 0.0001); the total protein increased from 6.07 to 7.09 mg/dl (P = 0.002); HDL increased from 31.72 to 33.08 (P = 0.02); the mean total cholesterol level fell from 130.39 to 124.34 mg/dl. We observed significant (P = 0.006) increase in plasma citrulline levels and significant fall in alanine (P < 0.0005), valine (P < 0.0005), proline (P = 0.0005) and lysine (P = 0.004) levels at the end of 6 months of follow-up.
The association of Marsh biopsy and the Hb and ferritin has been shown in [Table 5] and [Table 6]. Among our study patients, there were 9 children with Marsh 3A, 14 children with Marsh 3B, and 28 children with Marsh 3C. There was a significantly decreasing Hb (at enrolment and at 3 months) with increasing Marsh biopsy grade; it was significantly less with Marsh 3C and more with Marsh 3A. At 6 months of follow-up, the Hb was comparable among the three groups. This was seen due to a significantly better %Hb improvement in children with Marsh biopsy 3C as compared to 3A and 3B (P < 0.05). Apart from that, we found no significant association of Marsh biopsy with malabsorption, type of anaemia and serum ferritin levels (P > 0.05).
Table 5: Association of Marsh biopsy grade with haematological parameters in CD children
Table 6: Association of Marsh biopsy grade with improvement in the haematological parameters
CD had been uncommon in Indian children as compared to adult population.[16] Its increasing prevalence in children currently makes the study important for the general practitioners to screen for CD in any child with stunted growth.[17]
Our study population showed a female: male sex ratio of 3:2, which was comparable to western reports[14],[18],[19] but was unlike Indian studies that showed a slight male preponderance.[20],[21] Since this was a small hospital-based sample (n = 51), this finding may not represent the whole population.
The mean age of presentation was delayed and late after the onset of symptoms (6.2 ± 2.4 years) as seen in other Indian studies.[20],[21] This could be due to common ignorance about the disease and inaccessibility to diagnostic services.
We did not find any positive screening in sibling younger to 18 months of age in spite of active screening which was performed on all first-degree relatives: the reason being the practice of prolonged breastfeeding and delayed introduction of gluten in the diet in most of the Indian families. Unlike perceived in earlier studies, only 50% of the patients had classical CD presentation.[21],[22]
The results of the genetic analysis in participants strongly supported the HLA association with CD. We found 15% incidence of CD in first-degree relatives, which is comparable to the worldwide incidence of 15–20%.[23],[24],[25]
In CD, the low weight at presentation is mainly due to decreased absorption of the nutrients and the usual causes of short stature are many: familial, constitutional, endocrine, renal, gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders. Proposed mechanisms include growth retardation as a result of generalized or selective malnutrition, changes in the insulin-like growth factor-1 system and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 during active disease.[26] We excluded all other diseases and found a significant improvement in the growth and development of the children after 6 months of GFD.
In our study, children with CD had anaemia in 84.3% which was higher than 63% as reported by Rana et al.;[27] and it was found that all children had ferritin deficiency (<20 ng/ml). However, Vitamin B12, folic acid and growth hormone level estimation among the other causes of anaemia were not done. After 6 months of GFD, a significant improvement in the Hb (anaemia) and ferritin levels were seen in our study. Without any hematinics, this improvement is remarkable. It emphasizes the role of intestinal malabsorption as a cause of anaemia in children with CD. This fact should be well noted as it may be applied in the general practice for improving the nutritional status of the children.
Among other biochemical parameters, total protein values (P = 0.002) and HDL values (P = 0.02) increased significantly at the end of 6 months. This result is supported by earlier reports by Capristo et al.[28] and Brar et al.[29] where 1–1.5 years of GFD brought about a significant lowering of cholesterol, LDL and increase in HDL levels and thus signifying the cardioprotective role of GFD in celiac patients with deranged lipid profile.
We had compared the amino acid profile at the end of 6 months with that of enrolment. We observed significant (P = 0.006) increase in plasma citrulline levels which is in accordance with the available literature,[18],[22],[30] thus strongly supporting citrulline's role as a marker of enterocyte mass recovery during follow-up in patients with CD and thus obviating the need for repeat invasive procedure like an intestinal biopsy. We also observed significant fall in alanine (P < 0.0005), valine (P < 0.0005), proline (P = 0.0005) and lysine (P = 0.004) levels during follow-up, cause and clinical application of which need further research and investigation.
Though we found that "6 months" is the optimum scheduling to start to witness the significant effect of the GFD on growth parameters like height and weight for age, and anaemia; however, the study suffers from the limitation that further follow-up of the patients was not done. Earlier studies have shown that it takes about 1–3 years to complete catch-up growth in children with CD after starting the GFD.[31],[32]
In our study, the severity of CD biopsy as assessed by Marsh criteria showed that Marsh 3C children presented with significantly lower Hb values at enrolment and even at 3 months but showed a significantly better %Hb improvement till 6 months. Ours is one of the few studies to determine the association of Marsh biopsy with various parameters of CD. This stresses on the fact that the severity may be reversed in 6 months of time with a proper follow-up of the diet. Anaemia in CD has been deemed to be multifactorial and any reduction in Hb should have correlated with ferritin deficiency,[33] but here we found no significant association of ferritin levels and the change in ferritin levels with Marsh category. The reason can be that CD presents as an inflammatory condition and as serum ferritin is an acute-phase reactant, it may show a false increase. One study has linked the degree of villous atrophy with aetiology of anaemia deciphering that sub-total/total villous atrophy (S/TVA) has lower serum ferritin values than individuals with partial villous atrophy (PVA), reflecting malabsorption of iron. But even they found that despite greater malabsorption of iron in the group with more severe villous atrophy, the frequency of anaemia was similar in individuals with PVA (20%) and S/TVA (24%).[34]
The present study suffers from the limitation that deficiency state was assessed by Hb/ferritin levels only. Ferritin suffers from the disadvantage of being an acute-phase reactant and thus it becomes very essential to measure other parameters like serum transferrin receptors, transferrin saturation, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin while monitoring the response to the therapy and determining any iron deficiency states in CD children.
The results of the study help in recommending future studies based on the biopsy findings and its association with the increasing severity of nutrient deficiencies. It is possible that children with TVA with severe nutrient deficiency show better improvement in the nutritional status in the same time as those with subtotal villous/PVA.
The treatment of CD is life-long GFD. Though this diet is cumbersome, it shows significant improvement in the growth and development of the child with significant reduction in anaemia. The slow or non-improvement in some children is mainly due to poor compliance. With increasing grade of Marsh biopsy, the severity of anaemia increases but after the initiation of GFD, such children show significantly better improvement in %Hb over time.
We thank Dr Ketan Garg for assistance in medical writing and editing.
Ethical Approval: Taken.
Celiac disease is increasing in the developing countries and the primary care physicians must screen for it in the children with nutritional deficiency and stunted growth. A prompt early diagnosis and compliance with the gluten-free diet may reverse the severity of the disease within a short span of 6 months.
Bulsa GC, Bulsa M. Adherence to gluten-free diet in children with celiac disease. Nutrients 2018;10:1424.
Ramakrishna BS, Makharia GK, Chetri K, Dutta S, Mathur P, Ahuja V, et al. Prevalence of adult celiac disease in India: Regional variations and associations. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:115-23.
Oliveira GN, Mohan R, Fagbemi A. Review of celiac disease presentation in a pediatric tertiary centre. Arq Gastroenterol 2018;55:86-93.
Saeed A, Assiri A, Assiri H, Ullah A, Rashid M. Celiac disease in Saudi children. Evaluation of clinical features and diagnosis. Saudi Med J 2017;38:895-9.
Gülseren YD, Adiloğlu AK, Yücel M, Dağ Z, Eyerci N, Berkem R, et al. Comparison of non-invasive tests with invasive tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2019;33:e22722.
Husby S, Murray JA, Katzka DA. AGA clinical practice update on diagnosis and monitoring of celiac disease-changing utility of serology and histologic measures: Expert review. Gastroenterology 2019;156:885-9.
Stahl MG, Mehta P, Liu E, Shull MH. Pushing the gluten-free envelope: First steps towards evidence-based gluten-free diet recommendations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020;70:275-6.
Lerner A, Matthias T. The Yin and Yang of dietary gluten transgressions in real-life scenarios of celiac patients. BMC Med 2020;18:70.
Rojas M, Oyarzún A, Ayala J, Araya M. Health related quality of life in celiac children and adolescents. Rev Chil Pediatr 2019;90:632-41. English, Spanish. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i6.1126. PMID: 32186586.
Pezzali JG, Suprabha-Raj A, Siliveru K, Aldrich CG. Characterization of white and red sorghum flour and their potential use for production of extrudate crisps. PLoS One 2020;15:e0234940.
Szakács Z, Mátrai P, Hegyi P, Szabó I, Vincze Á, Balaskó M, et al. Younger age at diagnosis predisposes to mucosal recovery in celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017;12:e0187526.
Maxim R, Pleşa A, Stanciu C, Girleanu I, Moraru E, Trifan A. Helicobacter pylori prevalence and risk factors among children with celiac disease. Turk J Gastroenterol 2019;30:284-9.
Radlovic N, Mladenovic M, Lekovic Z, Zivanovic D, Brdar R, Radlovic V, et al. Effect of gluten-free diet on the growth and nutritional status of children with coeliac disease. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2009;137:632-7.
Poddar U, Thapa BR, Singh K. Clinical features of celiac disease in Indian children: Are they different from the west? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;43:313-7.
WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr Suppl 2006;450:76–85.
Misra RC, Kasturi D, Chuttani HK. Adult celiac disease in tropics. Br Med J 1966;2:1230–2.
Saadah OI. Short children with impaired growth hormone secretion. Do they have celiac disease? Saudi Med J 2020;41:68-72.
Stone ML, Bohane TD, Whitten KE, Tobias VH, Day AS. Age related clinical features of childhood celiac in Australia. BMC Pediatr 2005;5:11.
George EK, Mearin ML, Franken HCM, Houwen RH, Hirasings RA, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. Twenty years of childhood celiac disease in the Netherlands: A rapidly increasing incidence? Gut 1997;40:61-6.
Mohindra S, Yaccha SK, Srivastava A, Krishnani N, Aggarwal R, Goshal U. Coeliac disease in Indian children: Assessment of clinical, nutritional and pathologic characteristics. J Health Popul Nutr 2001;19:204-8.
Bhatnagar S, Phillops AD, Bhan MK. Celiac disease with mild to moderate histological changes is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in Indian children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;43:263.
Ludvigsson JF, Ansved P, Falth-Magnusson K, Hammersigo JA, Johansson C, Edvardsson S, et al. Symptoms and signs have changed in Swedish children with celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;38:181-6.
Gautam A, Jain BK, Midha V, Sood A, Sood N. Prevalence of celiac disease among siblings of celiac disease patients. Indian J Gastroenterol 2006;25:233-5.
Goel GK, Pokharna RK, Khatri PC, Senger GS, Joshi A, Khatri M, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in first-degree siblings of celiac disease patients. Indian J Gastroenterol 2007;26:46-8.
Grover R, Purl As, Aggarwal N, Sakhuja P. Familial prevalence among first-degree relatives of celiac disease in North India. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:903-7.
Rashid M. Case 1: The long and short of it. Paediatr Child Health 2006;11:239–40.
Rana KS, Puri P, Badwal S. Prevalence of celiac disease in children with unexplained failure to thrive. Med J Armed Forces India 2010;66:134–7.
Capristo E, Malandrino N, Farnetti S, Mingrone G, Leggio L, Addolorato G, et al. Increased serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in celiac disease after gluten-free diet treatment correlates with body fat stores. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009;43:946-9.
Brar P, Kwon GY, Holleran S, Bai D, Tall AR, Ramakrishnan Rm, et al. Change in lipid profile in celiac disease: Beneficial effect of gluten-free diet. Am J Med 2006;119:786-90.
Ioannou HP, Fotoulaki M, Pavlitou A, Efstratiou I, Augoustides-Savvopoulou P. Plasma citrulline levels in paediatric patients with celiac disease and the effect of a Gluten free diet. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;23:245-9.
Damen GM, Boersma B, Wit JM, Heymans HSA. Catch-up growth in 60 children with celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994;19:394-400.
Bosio L, Barera L, Sassi G, Bianchi C. Growth acceleration and final height after treatment for delayed diagnosis of celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990;11:324-9.
Berry N, Basha J, Varma N, Varma S, Prasad KK, Vaiphei K, et al. Anemia in celiac disease is multifactorial in etiology: A prospective study from India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;2:196–200.
Harper JW, Holleran SF, Ramakrishnan R, Bhagat G, Green PH. Anemia in celiac disease is multifactorial in etiology. Am J Hematol 2007;82:996–1000.
[Figure 1]
Bharadwaj M
Jain A
Dubey AP
Lomash A
Kapoor S


text:
Your help needed! Stand with Acción Ecológica and the rights of the Shuar Peoples in Ecuador
By Friends of the Earth
Posted Dec. 23, 2016 / Posted by: Rey Edwards
Acción Ecológica under immediate threat
On Tuesday, Ecuador's Ministry of Environment announced plans to shut down one of the country's leading environmental groups, Acción Ecológica, for their work to protect the rights of the environment and Indigenous Peoples in the Ecuadorean Amazon. The Ecuadorean government stated that the closure was in direct response to the group's ongoing efforts to raise awareness about the Mirador mega-copper mine, located on ancestral lands belonging to the Shuar Indigenous Peoples. Friends of the Earth US stands in solidarity with Acción Ecológica in their fight to protect the rights of nature and Indigenous Peoples in La Cordillera del Condor, where the mining company, Corriente Resources, has sought to develop the country's first large scale mining project in one of the most biodiverse regions in the world.
When the original Canadian owners sold Corriente Resources to a Chinese consortium of state owned enterprises in 2010, the new Chinese investors inherited a host of environmental, indigenous, and human rights violations, which they appear to have no capacity or expertise to deal with. Since then, a Shuar indigenous leader has been murdered. Forced evictions of Shuar communities this summer have led to even more violence. When the Shuar attempted to return to their native lands in November, they were confronted by military police and even air assaults.
Dogged pursuit of justice confronted by Chinese shut-out
For years, Acción Ecológica and indigenous groups have sought to engage in dialogue with the Chinese companies and banks investing in the project, but to no avail. In 2012, Acción Ecológica and other activists were shut out from meeting the Chinese Ambassador in Quito to convey their concerns about the project, and just this year, they were again unable to deliver letters to the Chinese Embassy. In an effort to alert Chinese banks that have given loans to the Chinese companies involved in the project, Acción Ecológica sent letters to those institutions in 2014 and again in 2016, but with no response.
When Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Ecuador this fall, Acción Ecológica called out the role Chinese banks are having on the country's environment and Indigenous Peoples:
"Chinese banks have played a key role in ensuring the operations of Chinese companies in Ecuador, so it can be said that they are equally responsible for the violations of human rights and nature that they have generated by their activities in the oil sector, mining, construction of infrastructure, among others."
The enduring silence from Chinese banks led Acción Ecológica to get creative and try to raise concerns with Lang Lang, the world famous pianist sponsored by two Chinese banks backing the copper mine. Yet Lang Lang, the cultural ambassador to Latin America this year, refused them. Chinese Embassy staff in Munich even reacted to Acción Ecológica's attempts to deliver letters with resistance and distrust.
You can take action to help!
Acción Ecológica is sending out an SOS, and you can help by telling the Ecuadorean government to protect the indigenous rights of the Shuar and stop the witch hunt against environmental defenders like Acción Ecológica.
Join the fight. Send the letter below directly to the Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa. The international community must make clear that oppression of environmental defenders and Indigenous Peoples will not be tolerated.
#SOSAcciónEcológica, #SOSPuebloShuar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Trading in Liquid — Why IMC wants to recruit gamers
By Kerry Waananen
(ESI Illustration) Image credit: Team Liquid / IMC Trading
From his top floor office in the former Dutch ING Bank headquarters, Steven Biester was strategising, as he often did. The Global Head of Marketing & Communication at IMC Trading was trying to make sense of the company's latest employee survey results — over 90 percent of new hires had listed gaming as a personal hobby.
Biester didn't find this a cause for concern, but rather identified an opportunity. If such an overwhelming majority of successful recruits were tapped into gaming, could that mean that gamers make good traders? And if their current traders were also into gaming, could the firm somehow get involved in gaming, investing where their employees were already personally invested?
Biester peered out from the Infinity Building, overlooking Amsterdam's Zuidas business district. What could a world-class, global, electronic market maker contribute to the gaming space that would be received as meaningful? Biester already knew how unforgiving gamers-as-an-audience could be — he'd seen the reports.
In a meeting later with the firm's media agency, Biester mentioned IMC was looking into esports sponsorships. The agency's SEO specialist mentioned he went to college with 'a guy who now works for Team Liquid'.
That 'guy' was Marcel Schakenraad, Partnership Manager at Team Liquid. For those keeping score, Schakenraad was also the connector between Team Liquid and architecture firm AHH, which designed the Team Liquid Alienware Training Facility in Utrecht. They booked a meeting.
Before even sitting down, the two companies already shared a lot on paper. Both have deep Dutch roots, operate at a global scale, and are driven to be at the forefront of individual performance — plus, both are passionate about delivering on their values of giving back and working to improve society.
"Before we knew it, we had a contract on the table in a month-and-a-half or two months," Schakenraad told Esports Insider.
Click-to-win
In February this year, Team Liquid publicly announced a partnership with the market maker. IMC's logo found its place on jerseys across all of Team Liquid's rosters and the same jerseys found their way into the wardrobes of each IMC employee. Each new employee gets a full Team Liquid kit: mousepad, apparel, mug, et cetera — by repping Team Liquid, they're repping IMC.
The unlikely couple was cooking with gas while the ink was still drying. Team Liquid hosted an internal esports competition for IMC employees, complete with multiple titles and shoutcasters. Liquid's Schakenraad recalled, "we gave them basically an entire esports experience. They loved it."
But the goal of the agreement wasn't to make esports fans of IMC employees, nor was it to piggyback the firm into the space to more 'authentically' market to its desirable target audience and their disposable incomes. IMC's Biester and the team saw further potential for the audience: the skills and competencies that earn their livings. Not everyone goes on to be a pro gamer, some go on to be programmers. IMC wants more to go on to be market makers.
IMC's Amsterdam headquarters trading floor. Screenshot via Youtube.
RELATED: Team Liquid and Coinbase strike four year partnership
According to IMC's website: "A market maker stands ready to buy or sell financial products at any time, facilitating the transfer of risk for market participants." The explainer video on the firm's YouTube channel helps explain the concept. It's worth the two minutes.
Simply put, market makers buy (bid) and sell (ask) securities, guiding the flow — or liquidity — of the financial markets they operate within. Complex algorithms organise incredible amounts of information displayed on the quad-screen setups seen on trading room floors. Disciplined traders make split-second decisions to capitalise on shifts in the market, attempting to make profits on the difference between the price they paid for the securities and the price they sell it for, or the bid-ask spread. That's just scratching the surface.
Similar levels of complexity face anyone trying to spell out the strategy behind an 1000IQ esports play to a newcomer — one of the many similarities IMC sees between esports and trading.
High-level trading performance isn't too far away from high-level esports performance. The ability to predict dynamic outcomes, the discipline to execute precise inputs, and following a strategy under pressure demands similar skill sets. It's not just market makers or esports orgs that are after these skill sets. Dozens of other industries are also competing for highly-skilled technical workers all over the world.
In May, IMC College Clash engaged students and near-graduates in global Team Fight Tactics and League of Legends tournaments hosted by Team Liquid. After the tournament, IMC saw an influx in applications for its global internships and graduate traineeships. The partnership was already paying off.
IMC College Clash. Image credit: Team Liquid / IMC Trading
RELATED: Team Liquid appoints Claire Hungate as President and COO
In June, IMC joined PrideMakers 2021, bringing the LGBTQIA+ community and allies together to 'collaborate on projects that promote diversity, equity, and inclusivity in the esports and gaming industry', according to the event page. IMC contributed prizes, experienced judges, and expertise from previous hackathons.
During September's Trading and Gaming for Charity event, Team Liquid talents such as Slysssa, AverageJonas and Harstem hosted a 24-hour charity stream-a-thon while IMC committed to donate all profits from its day of trading across three continents. The streamers collectively raised about $8,500. IMC closed the day at around $4 million. All of it went to non-profit organisation Room to Read.
The two teamed up this month for Liquid Hacks 2.0, a follow-up of Team Liquid's 2020 debut hackathon. By partnering with Team Liquid on these events, while not strictly esports related, IMC's been able to reach their target audience nonetheless. "That is why we are committed to doubling down on our efforts in the years to come," Biester said.
IMC didn't need a disclaimer as to how fast the esports industry moves. To trade at the highest speeds possible, IMC's technologists are constantly developing innovations for connectivity to trade at almost no latency. If things go according to plan, Biester and Schakenraad hinted, esports might just get a taste of the firm's innovations.
RELATED: Team Liquid partners with Hercules Tires for Rocket League event
Friday drinks and a ping-pong table in the workplace are hardly 'perks' anymore — especially since the workplace has become an increasingly out-of-office concept. To convince cream-of-the-crop talent to don company colours, IMC is seeking to give its people what it knows they want through its authentic and value-based partnership with Team Liquid.
Both the trading firm and the esports org are passionate about enabling their people to do the unthinkable with the very nature of the collaboration. Trust in their people, their technology, and their vision has promised to bind the two together for years to come and what the two have managed to accomplish under the current conditions is likely just a taste of what's in store.
"We can't predict the future for these kinds of partnerships," Biester said, "and it's still very early days, but we're already beginning to see an influx of applications referencing our partnership. Which is the main goal for us — to source and hire bright, talented gamers."
Subscribe to ESI on YouTube
esportsinsider.com
Previous articleDota 2: Tino Joins BOOM Esports
Next articleBlack Friday Gaming chair deals 2021: when and where to find the right chair for you
Activision is making Warzone 2.0 more like Warzone 1
Steam launches a new 'Discovery Hub' dedicated to DLC
Belarusian KGB adds World of Tanks studio boss to terrorist list


text:
MICHAEL PETRAMALO
Michael appears in the Top 100
People in Real Estate and Top 40 Under 40 magazines.
CONTACT MICHAEL
With nearly 2 decades of experience in real estate and hailing from a legacy of real estate entrepreneurs, Michael Petramalo serves as president of Targa Real Estate. Based in the Seattle-Tacoma area of Washington State, the family-owned real estate management company is an industry leader specializing in the asset management of multifamily, commercial, self-storage properties, and owner associations in the Pacific Northwest. The firm manages well over 150 properties, 10,000 residential units, two million square feet of commercial space as well as over a million feet of self-storage space, totaling well over $1 billion. Just this year alone, despite the challenges of COVID, Targa has acquired multiple assets averaging nearly $20 million while also expanding its third-party management division over 10 percent.
Founded by his father 35 years ago, Michael joined the family business in 2002 and stepped into the role of president in 2012. Since then, he has more than doubled Targa's size via word of mouth alone, all thanks to the company's dedication to great service and excellent products. Today, Michael and his team of 150 serve nearly 100 clients in the Seattle-Tacoma area as well. "Our greatest success really comes down to the stability of our employees and clients" Michael says. And Targa really is a family business. "The fact that we have many employees who have been with us over 30 years, and now have their children working here, is the greatest accomplishment I can point to; the same can be said of our long-term clients who have been with us for decades." Not only do employees stay with Targa for the long haul, but their clients do, too. In fact, their very first client, who came to them back in 1986, is still with Targa today. "Trust, loyalty, and passion is what it really comes down to, for clients and employees. We cater not only to long-term clients, but long-term employees," Michael says.
Michael's success not only comes from the dedication and loyalty to his team and clients, but also from his personal experience with owning and investing in properties. He's personally invested in over a dozen properties in the past five years. This experience allows him to pass on knowledge of acquisition and repositioning to his clients. Recently, he was chosen to speak on behalf of RealPage, a major software provider in the multifamily industry, on integrating technology into the current marketing climate. But above all, it's his dedication and sense of family that have helped Targa Real Estate flourish. "I love what I do, and I'm proud to say we have a very trustworthy company that has a great reputation among our clients."
President — Targa Real Estate
Website: https://www.targarealestate.com
Download the magazine and see Michael's feature on page 93.


text:
Home > Vol 2, No 1 (2019) >	Okoye
VARIATION IN ENGLISH AND IGBO WH-WORDS: A MINIMALIST APPROACH
Michael Maduka Okoye, Michael Alozie Nwala
Working within the framework of minimalist program, this paper examined the variation in
English and Igbo Wh-words. The study adopted a survey design and used secondary sources
and the researcher's native competence to elicit data for analysis. The analysis showed the
parametric variation in both languages. The Wh-word in English surface structure is a
product of movement, while a two-way structure – based derivation and movement trigger
exist in the Igbo language in overt syntax. The paper concluded that the knowledge of the
parametric variation of Wh-construct amongst second language learners of both languages
respectively will enhance well-formed sentences and help to reduce syntactic incongruities.
Abney, S. P. (1987). The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. PhD Dissertation, MIT.
Anurudu, S. M. (2010). Head-modifier structures in Igbo language. PhD Dissertation,
University of Ibandan.
Azubuike, B. N. (2014). Binding theory and second language users of English in tertiary
institutions in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. PhD Dissertation, University of Port
Harcourt.
Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Emenanjo, E. N. (2015). A grammar of contemporary Igbo: Constituents features and
processes. Port Harcourt: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria.
Lamidi, M. T. (2008). Aspects of Chomskyan grammar. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
Lasnik H. & Hondrick, R. (2003). Steps towards a minimal theory of anaphor. In R. Hendrick
(Ed.), Mininalist syntax (pp. 1120 – 1271). Oxford: Blackwell.
Lasnik H. & Hondrin Lasnik, H. (1995). Last resort and attract F. In papers from the 6th
annual meeting of the formal linguistics society of mid-America 1, 62-81.
Lockwood, D. G. (2002). Syntactic analysis and description: A constructional approach.
London: Continuum.
Luraghi, S. & Parodi, C. (2008). Key terms in syntax and syntactic theory. London:
Continuum International Publishing Group.
Michael Maduka Okoye & Michael Alozie Nwala 27
Marantz, A. (1995). The minimalist program. In G. Welbelhuth (Ed.), Government and
binding theory and minimalist program (pp 351-382). Oxford: Blackwell.
Moravcsik, E. A. (2008). An introduction to syntactic theory. London: Continuum.
Ndimele, O. (1992). The principles and parameters of universal grammar: A governmentbinding
approach. Owerri: African Educational Services.
Ndimele, O. (1999). Morphology and syntax. Port Harcourt M. & J. Grand Orbit
Communications Ltd.
Nwala, M. A. (2015). Introduction to linguistics: A first course (Rev. ed.). Abakiliki: Wisdom
Publishers Limited.
Nwala, M. A. (2004). Introduction to syntax: The students' guide. Abakiliki: Wisdom
Obiamalu, G. O. (2015). Functional categories in Igbo: A minimalist perspective. Port
Harcourt: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria.
Pollocks, J. (1989). Verb movement, universal grammar and the structure of IP. Linguistic
Inquiry 20, 365-424.
Radford, A. (1997). Syntax: A minimalist introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Radford, A. (2004). English syntax: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University


Lightning had a disappointing game against Rednock, never really getting into their stride till the final quarter. By then it was too little too late!
The first quarter Lightnings attack struggled to find space due to the tight man to man marking by Rednock. Feeds into shooters Burgess & Price, normally so easy, were tipped & intercepted by Rednocks defence.
Defencively, Lightning turned ball, but errors through court denied the shooters of many opportunities to score.
As the game progressed, Rednocks shooters grew in confidence & began to convert with ease.
It was only in the final 15 mins that Lightning began to produce play they are capable of, drawing the quarter, but by then the game had been lost.
Well done to Alix Mathews on her debut in Div 1.
Squad; Wendy Burgess 14/15. Millie Price 16/30. Kat Honeywill, Alix Mathews, Becky Cambell, Jo Hutchings, Meg Suddaby & Lizza Mitchell.


What role will you play in the future of your children's lives? Some parents consider their job to be over once their children reach a certain age. We've taught them everything we can and now it's their turn to sink or swim, right? Wrong, there will always be a role in your children's lives that you need to fill.
This might be to provide financial support, emotional support or wisdom from the extra years you have spent on this earth.
No matter how old they are, your children will always need you to be there for emotional support. Breakups, makeups, career related stress will all come into play here. Don't be surprised to find that when things go wrong or even right, you get a call from your child, no matter how far away they might be.
You'll probably have at least eighteen years on your first child which is more than enough time to have gathered extra knowledge about the world. As such, you should provide your children with this knowledge and keeping doing it, even when you don't think they're listening. You never know when the advice you have passed on could help.
Last but not least, there are always times when kids need financial support. In the beginning they will be completely financially dependent on you. But that will slowly change as they gain further independence. Eventually, of course, they'll be able to stand on their own two feet. You can look at your role providing financial support to your kids in the infographic below.


text:
Home News Plymouth's Palace Theatre cannot locate their asbestos survey
Plymouth's Palace Theatre cannot locate their asbestos survey
Plymouth's Palace Theatre has been closed due to diabolical weather which has damaged parts of the roof. This has meant that they have had to relocate their Christmas concert to Plymouth's Guildhall.
Due to the extent of the damage Plymouth City Council visited the site last week. They demanded to see the Grade II* listed building's asbestos survey. The Palace was unable to provide this vital information, this has resulted in the building being closed and works being suspended until further notice.
The charity managing the refurbishment works at the Palace have announced that rather than risking the concert not going ahead, it was better to relocate it to the Guildhall. They admit that the asbestos survey exists, however, they are unable to present it at the moment. The charity have apologised for the inconvenience and have requested a new certificate for the building.
Plymouth City Council have stated that asbestos has been previously been found present in the 1996 built building, it is therefore vital that the building is managed!


text:
Q: ElasticSearch Dynamic Method Injection Issues on Grails I'm trying to make ElasticSearch 0.1.0 works with 2.4.4;
I have a lot of models with their default generate all GORM and i want to add a search Input to their index list, so i'm trying to accomplish this by injecting dynamic search method in my domain Like DOCS says.
Here is my:
Config.groovy
elasticSearch {
    client.mode = 'local'
    datastoreImpl = 'hibernateDatastore'
}

Domain:
class Person implements Serializable {
    int PER_VALUE
    String PER_NAME
    String PER_CODE

    static searchable = true
}

Controller:
import org.grails.plugins.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchService
class PersonController {
    static allowedMethods = [save: "POST", update: "PUT", delete: "GET"]
    def elasticSearchService
    def index(Integer max) {
        params.max = Math.min(max ?: 10, 100)
        println(Person.search("${params.query}").searchResults)
    }

The service i have, it's copy/paste from HERE
This is the error i'm getting:

No signature of method: crud.userlist.Person.search() is applicable for argument types: (org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GStringImpl) values: [adsasd] Possible solutions: each(groovy.lang.Closure), attach(), merge(), refresh(), save(), merge(crud.userlist.Person)

Any help with this ?
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Since many of you found my first two days of introduction to the House of Representatives interesting, I thought you might also want to know about the activities I participated in last week during the official orientation session known as the 38th Institute of Legislative Procedure.
It was a weeklong "school" held from 9 a.m. until 4:30 or 5:30, depending on the information presented and tasks required.
Monday began with an introduction of the "faculty" for the week and welcoming remarks from outgoing Speaker of the House Robbie Wills and Speaker-designate Robert Moore. Then we were well-instructed on our required computer skills by Jim Schratz, the chief information officer of the technology division of the Bureau of Legislative Research. He presented our official government e-mail addresses and covered all the various governmental sites we will need to be able to browse and use during the session.
Then House Parliamentarian Tim Massinelli gave us our huge legislative manuals of instruction and proceeded to outline the information they held concerning the roles and responsibilities of the General Assembly, the legislative process, practical aspects of passing a bill in the House, the functions of House committees and some of his tips for success. The last class for Monday was an overview of the process and experience seen through the eyes of two freshmen representatives from last session.
Tuesday classes covered directions as to where and when we could seek information and assistance for any problems we might encounter. These sources and their areas of expertise included the Legislative Council, the Bureau of Legislative Research, drafting services, fiscal services and research services.
Tuesday afternoon we had sessions on a mock committee meeting, ethics and policies, and introductions to the House staff.
A very inspiring, emotional event occurred Tuesday afternoon in the rotunda. A memorial service was held in honor of Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, and its victims. It was a touching experience and I was privileged to attend. I remembered the two young men from Drew County, Oscar Miles and Rodney Foss, who lost their lives that dreadful day. .
Wednesday we got down to the nitty-gritty. The morning was a mock session with bill introductions, debates, and votes cast. We got a glimpse of how quickly things will move along when the session begins. It was fast and furious!!
That afternoon we heard more about constituent services, dealing with lobbyists and the Legislative Auditing Committee.
The afternoon also included a session on communications services within the legislature and the importance of the rules book we had been given.
Friday morning's session consisted of an information systems follow-up and a question-answer period about any of the week's subject matter. We adjourned at lunch.
Since it had been suggested that we begin to attend our committee meetings as a guest prior to the official "swearing-in" ceremony, I stayed after lunch to attend a meeting of the Public Health committee.
It will be an exciting and busy time for all of us and we have lots of studying to do before January 10! I am privileged to be your representative.


Transform an old pair of tights into an adorable sausage dog. Easy to make, it requires very little sewing and can be made by children of any age especially if the eyes and ears are glued on. We used old mittens for ears, but children's socks would work equally well. Use as a draught excluder, or simply snuggle up with your huggable hound!
Cut one of the legs from an old pair of woolly tights as high up as possible with a pair of scissors.
2. Fill the cut leg of the tights with stuffing (or whatever you are using) so that it forms a sausage shape. Leave a bit unstuffed at the end.
3. Cut a length of wool and tie it firmly around the end of the sausage, finishing with a double knot to hold it in place.
4. At the other end, tie another piece of wool around the toe to make a big doggy nose. Again, tie a knot to hold the shape in place.
5. Sew an old mitten onto each side of the sausage just above the nose to make the dog's ears.
6. Make a heart template and use it to cut out some hearts from scraps of fabric.
7. Sew the hearts onto the sausage using a needle and wool. Tie a knot in the end of the wool and stitch through the tights. Push the needle up from the back of the heart to the front near the edge and then stitch back through the tights. Continue around each heart shape and finish with a knot.
8. Sew the buttons onto the sausage to make eyes. Tear a strip off some fabric or use a piece of ribbon and tie around the doggy's neck to make his collar.
Craft idea from Green Crafts for Children by Emma Hardy. Published by CICO, £9.99. Photography (c) CICO Books.


Get the best quality stainless steel Gua Sha massage tools and treat muscular aches and pains quickly, easily and effectively.
Our medical grade stainless steel Gua Sha tools are some of the best available today. Made from 304 grade stainless steel, they'll last a lifetime - guaranteed. Our tools are used daily by thousands of medical practitioners all over the world, including massage and physical therapists, sports team trainers and occupational therapists.
Craftsmanship: All of our stainless steel tools have been created with double bevel edges to allow for a greater range of motion and to eliminate the need to switch your hand positions throughout treatment.
Treat or Prevent Injury: Gua Sha tools help to reduce recovery time and reduce soreness after your work outs and help heal soft tissue damage and scar tissue. Read more about Gua Sha and its benefits.


All of our Block of the Month Clubs are available "As-You-Go!" Begin and finish at your own pace!
"We're All Mad Here!" - A Twin Size Fast, Easy and FUN project.
"Sip by Sip" - Sweet Shop. A Delicious Holiday Season "Xmas in July" Project.


text:
Steps to Life
To prepare people for eternal life.
Bible Studies by Marshall Grosboll
Watch or Listen
Audio Sermon of the Month
Current Issue contents
PDF and past issues
Search LandMarks by Author
Search LandMarks by Article Contents
Evidence of a Christian
November 8, 2017 by John J. Grosboll
"For the Lord sees not as man sees; for man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart." I Samuel 16:7 ESV
Man cannot read the heart of another. The only evidence people have to identify a Christian is by their conduct and outward appearance. Before He left this earth Jesus said to His disciples: "You shall be witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth." Acts 1:8.
The Bible has not left those who desire to represent Him to others in ignorance as to how they should behave and present themselves to be a witness for Him.
The Christian's Speech
Jesus was on trial. "Now Peter sat outside in the courtyard. And a servant girl came to him, saying, 'You also were with Jesus of Galilee.' But he denied it before them all, saying, 'I do not know what you are saying.' And when he had gone out to the gateway, another girl saw him and said to those who were there, 'This fellow also was with Jesus of Nazareth.' But again he denied with an oath, 'I do not know the Man!' And after a while those who stood by came to him and said to Peter, 'Surely you also are one of them, because your speech betrays you.' " Matthew 26:69–73.
They knew he was a follower of Jesus by the way he spoke. In an attempt to prove to them he was not connected in any way, "Then he began to curse and swear …" (verse 74). That seemed to be the end of the matter. By cursing and swearing he gave evidence he was none of Christ's, for a disciple of Jesus does not use those words.
A friend of mine worked for a time as an auto mechanic at the Ford dealership in Fargo, North Dakota. The shop where he worked had many other auto mechanics. One day, another mechanic came to him enquiring about his religion. He had noticed that when a wrench slipped and he hit his knuckles, he refrained from swearing and cussing like the others. His speech betrayed who he was.
People should be able to tell from the way you talk that you are a Christian. We live in a world where people are very careless with their choice of language, discussing and saying all sorts of things that should never be said. Though people cannot read your heart, by listening to you talk, they should be able to determine that you are a Christian. Ellen White wrote: "A large share of life's happiness is dependent upon our manners and actions toward others. The sharp word must be left unspoken. The passionate words must be quenched in the love of Jesus Christ; for if this dross is not cleansed from the soul, there is no hope of eternal life. The selfish temper, and tirade of passionate words is placed in the same dark list with swearing." The Voice of Speech and Song, 144.
Do people say when you are not around, "I know that person is a Christian because he or she never loses his/her temper or says the sharp word"? Is it evident to others that you are a Christian?
Concerning our speech, Jesus said in Matthew 10:32, 33, "Therefore whoever confesses Me before men, him I will also confess before My Father Who is in heaven. But whoever denies Me before men, him I will also deny before My Father Who is in heaven."
How do you confess Christ? "He who would confess Christ must have Christ abiding in him. He cannot communicate that which he has not received. The disciples might speak fluently on doctrines, they might repeat the words of Christ Himself; but unless they possessed Christlike meekness and love, they were not confessing Him. A spirit contrary to the spirit of Christ would deny Him, whatever the profession. Men may deny Christ by evilspeaking, by foolish talking, by words that are untruthful or unkind. They may deny Him by shunning life's burdens, by the pursuit of sinful pleasure. They may deny Him by conforming to the world, by uncourteous behavior, by the love of their own opinions, by justifying self, by cherishing doubt, borrowing trouble, and dwelling in darkness. In all these ways they declare that Christ is not in them." The Desire of Ages, 357.
We are told in Testimonies, vol. 5, 305: "There is in human nature a tendency to run to extremes and from one extreme to another entirely opposite."
It is easily seen when other people go to extremes, but how hard is it to recognize when we do it ourselves! There is in human nature a tendency to go off the road into the ditch on one side and then pass over, never stopping in the middle, into the ditch on the other side. Ellen White said, "Many are fanatics. They are consumed by a fiery zeal which is mistaken for religion, but character is the true test of discipleship." Ibid.
The Christian's Appearance
People judge whether or not we are Christians by the way we dress. There was a sister who talked to Ellen White about the reform dress and how she was doubting the testimonies of the church because of comments that were made to her about the reform dress. Ellen White said, "This was because the persons who carry matters to extremes had been cautioned not to make the dress question a test of Christian fellowship. What influence do these things have to undermine the confidence in my testimonies! It is not the testimony that is at fault, but perverse human nature." Pamphlet 104, 12.
Dress is one of the areas where people have a tendency to go to extremes, although people do judge whether you are really a Christian by your outward appearance.
The Christian's Judgment
People make judgments about others on how they spend time in recreation and amusement. This is another area where people tend to go to extremes one way or another.
Ellen White wrote in Testimonies, vol. 1, 565: "There are persons with a diseased imagination to whom religion is a tyrant, ruling them as with a rod of iron. Such are constantly mourning over their depravity and groaning over supposed evil. Love does not exist in their hearts; a frown is ever upon their countenances. They are chilled by the innocent laugh from the youth or from anyone. They consider all recreation or amusement a sin and think that the mind must be constantly wrought up to just such a stern, severe pitch. This is one extreme. Others think that the mind must be ever on the stretch to invent new amusements and diversions in order to gain health. They learn to depend on excitement, and are uneasy without it. Such are not true Christians. They go to another extreme."
The Christian's Diet
How we eat and drink affects what others think of our Christianity. Diet is another area in which people have the tendency to go to terrible extremes, either on one side or the other. If I never ate foods that I have been told not to eat, what foods could I eat? The answer is, "Nothing!" That is not an exaggeration.
In the 1950s I ran into Seventh-day Adventists who said, "We have to get back to the Eden diet." And the Eden diet did not include vegetables, so they were eliminated from their diet. Shortly after that I heard, "You should never use sugar." So sugar is gone. I was very fortunate, by the way, that I had a very wise mother who didn't go off on all these tangents. Then in the 1970s, they said, "The one class of food that you can't eat is fruit." So fruit's gone. By then it was 1971 and I had a church member who told me he was going to quit eating bread and anything that contained wheat.
I have heard lately that a lot of people in our community have decided not to eat wheat, and that's fine if you replace it with something else. Prevention Magazine came out with a whole series of articles to help people quit eating bread. The titles of these articles were, "Do Not Eat Bread." All kinds of horror stories were cited. A few years later a physician came out with a diet to help people lose weight and said, "What you must do is avoid all foods that are high in carbohydrates." Well, if you do that, you eliminate all legumes and all grains from your diet.
Then again in the 1970s, there was a fellow by the name of Pritikin that came out with a new diet that was supposed to cure almost every disease. He said that you must not eat foods high in fat, like nuts, and seeds, avocados, and no oil or salt.
Now let's just go down the list. If you are not going to eat any vegetables, no sugar, no fruit, no oil, and no salt, no wheat, and no high carbohydrate food, no nuts, no seeds, and no oil, what are you going to eat?
Ellen White wrote: "Because it is wrong to eat merely to gratify perverted taste, it does not follow that we should be indifferent in regard to our food. It is a matter of the highest importance." Counsels on Heath, 118.
It is also a matter of the highest importance that we do not go to extremes one way or the other. She said, "No one should adopt an impoverished diet. Many are debilitated from disease and need nourishing, well-cooked food. Health reformers, above all others, should be careful to avoid extremes. The body must have sufficient nourishment." Ibid.
She also said: "Do not go to extremes in regard to the health reform. Some of our people are very careless in regard to health reform. But because some are far behind, you must not, in order to be an example to them, be an extremist. You must not deprive yourself of that class of food which makes good blood. Your devotion to true principles is leading you to submit yourself to a diet which is giving you an experience that will not recommend health reform. This is your danger. When you see that you are becoming weak physically, it is essential for you to make changes, and at once. Put into your diet something you have left out. It is your duty to do this." Letter 37, 1901.
Some people have gone to such extremes in regard to diet that it has become a disgrace and their religion has become disgusting to other people.
Ellen White wrote to this person: "Do not have a meager, poor diet. Do not let any one influence you to have the diet poverty-stricken. … The great backsliding upon health reform is because unwise minds have handled it and carried it to such extremes that it has disgusted in place of converting people to it." Counsels on Diet and Foods, 211, 212.
The Christian's Recreation and Amusement
On July 4, in Dalhart, Texas, during the dust storms of 1934, a pastor named Joe Hankins of the First Baptist church decided that in spite of the dust, they needed a revival. So they went into the church, dusted off the seats, and started a revival, with about a hundred young people plus the other church members. The pastor started by asking what was wrong with card playing and dancing. He then preached against them both. At the close of the sermon, about a hundred young people came up and signed a pledge, vowing never to dance or play cards. So, where did this Pastor Hankins get the idea a Christian shouldn't play cards or dance? The Baptist Church was not alone with those teachings. The Methodist church also was opposed to card playing, dancing and gambling.
John Wesley formulated a list of general rules for the members of his society because he believed they needed concrete standards as well as ideals. So the Methodist church taught the same as the Baptist church taught. Their ideas came from the Bible. It is not that the church is against recreation and amusement. A child is not expected to simply work all the time. They could not endure it. Every child should have access to recreation and amusement, but like every other choice in the world, there are good and bad kinds of recreation and amusement that require a choice to be made. How do you tell which recreation and amusement is all right and which is not?
Paul said, "Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are noble, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever things are lovely, whatever things are of good report, if there is any virtue and if there is anything praiseworthy—meditate on these things." Philippians 4:8.
The first requirement of recreation and amusement is, "Is it true?" Are you looking at television, or videos, or Internet or things that are not true? Many people are looking at things that do not even meet the first requirement for a Christian, yet they want to be known by Christ's name. This is not to condemn the Internet or television, but you want to make sure that what you are looking at is true. A documentary and a drama are two completely different things. Are you looking at what is right or are you looking at people committing sin? Study for yourself and apply the principles of Philippians 4:8.
The Christian's Dress and Adornment
Christian dress and adornment have caused many people, Christians and non-Christians alike, great consternation. Ezekiel 28 is about Lucifer or Satan. He is described here as being the real king of Tyre, which was one of the wicked cities of antiquity. "You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone was your covering: the sardius, topaz, and diamond, beryl, onyx, and jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and emerald with gold. The workmanship of your timbrels and pipes was prepared for you on the day you were created. You were the anointed cherub who covers; I established you; you were on the holy mountain of God; you walked back and forth in the midst of fiery stones. You were perfect in your ways from the day you were created, till iniquity was found in you." Verses 13–15.
Verse 17: "Your heart was lifted up because of your beauty; you corrupted your wisdom for the sake of your splendor." Covered with all manner of precious stones, Lucifer became proud. Malachi says that the day is coming when all the proud will be stubble (Malachi 4:1). Pride is at the root of the sin problem.
Consider the great harlot woman "who sits on many waters" (Revelation 17:1) and how she is dressed. "The woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls, having in her hand a golden cup." Verse 4. She is covered with jewelry.
Jewelry itself is not the problem. God made the jewels. The redeemed will walk on golden streets and live in a city that has foundations made of precious stones and gates made of pearl. They will have access to more jewels and precious stones than anybody in this world.
But before anyone walks the streets of gold, pride has to be eradicated. The Bible gives us counsel that because of our fallen human nature, we all struggle with pride. So while on this earth we need to lay those things aside.
God told Jacob to go up to Bethel and dwell there. "And Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, 'Put away the foreign gods that are among you, purify yourselves, and change your garments. Then let us arise and go up to Bethel; and I will make an altar there to God, who answered me in the day of my distress and has been with me in the way which I have gone.' So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the terebinth tree." Genesis 35:2–4.
In Exodus the Lord told Moses: " 'You are a stiff-necked people. I could come up into your midst in one moment and consume you. Now therefore, take off your ornaments, that I may know what to do to you.' So the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments." Exodus 33:5, 6.
" 'I will punish her for the days of the Baals to which she burned incense. She decked herself with her earrings and jewelry, and went after her lovers; but Me she forgot,' says the Lord." Hosea 2:13.
"Do not let your adornment be merely outward—arranging the hair, wearing gold, or putting on fine apparel—rather let it be the hidden person of the heart, with the incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is very precious in the sight of God." I Peter 3:3, 4.
In the New Testament, the apostles forbid the wearing of gold or expensive clothing. Notice what Paul said about it: "In like manner also, that the women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with propriety and moderation, not with braided hair or gold or pearls or costly clothing, but, which is proper for women professing godliness, with good works." I Timothy 2:9, 10.
Probably the biggest problem with our clothing in Christendom today and especially in western countries like the United States is simply the lack of it. The Bible describes someone as naked and shameful if they do not have enough clothes on.
Ellen White wrote: "I had an interview with a sister who wore gold, and yet professed to be looking for Christ's coming. We spoke of the express declarations of Scripture against the wearing of gold. But she referred to where Solomon was commanded to beautify the temple, and to the statement that the streets of the city of God were pure gold. She said that if we could improve our appearance by wearing gold, so as to have influence in the world, it was right. I replied that we were poor fallen mortals, and instead of decorating these bodies because Solomon's temple was gloriously adorned, we should remember our fallen condition, and that it cost the suffering and death of the Son of God to redeem us. This thought should cause in us self-abasement. Jesus is our pattern. If He would lay aside His humiliation and sufferings, and cry, 'If any man will come after Me, let him please himself, and enjoy the world, and he shall be My disciple,' the multitude would believe and follow Him. But Jesus will come to us in no other character than that of the meek, crucified One. If we would be with Him in Heaven, we must be like Him on earth. The world will claim its own; and whoever will overcome, must leave what belongs to it." Life Sketches of Ellen G. White, 113, 114.
Millions of people are being ruined because of the clothes they wear. "Showy, extravagant dress too often encourages lust in the heart of the wearer and awakens base passions in the heart of the beholder. God sees that the ruin of the character is frequently preceded by the indulgence of pride and vanity in dress. He sees that the costly apparel stifles the desire to do good." Testimonies, vol. 4, 645.
God is so interested in all that we eat and drink that we need not be ignorant in this regard. Genesis 1:29 says, "God said, 'See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food.' " That was the original diet of the human race. However, when man sinned, his diet was changed. "Both thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you, and you shall eat the herb of the field." Genesis 3:18. A more precise translation would say, "You shall eat the green herb of the field."
When I first started studying nutrition back in the 1950s, I thought that God had left the human race in such abject ignorance about vitamins, resulting in so many health problems. Millions of people lost their eyesight and had all kinds of problems because they did not get certain vitamins. No one knew anything about vitamins in 1950 and as I studied I wondered why God left the human race in such ignorance. Well, obviously He didn't. We just did not pay careful attention to what He said. He told us what to eat in Genesis 3:18. If everybody had regularly eaten the green herb of the field, which includes foods like spinach, broccoli, turnip greens, mustard greens, kale and other foods, there would have been far less suffering from diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies. God did not tell us about vitamin A in Genesis 3:18. He just told us what to eat.
In Genesis 9 after the flood man was given permission to eat flesh food, though not all flesh food. Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 explain the distinction between clean and unclean flesh foods.
Many people believe that the health law was for the Jews and was done away with at the cross. In a dream, Peter saw the sheet filled with all kinds of unclean animals lowered down. "And a voice came to him, 'Rise, Peter; kill and eat.' But Peter said, 'Not so, Lord! For I have never eaten anything common or unclean.' " Acts 10:13, 14. Clearly, Peter had not been given instruction since the resurrection that he could now eat anything he wanted. He continued to abstain from unclean foods. This dream, by the way, actually had nothing to do with eating. It was an object lesson to explain to Peter that the gospel was to go to the Gentiles as well as to the Jews.
Then in Acts 15:20, it says, "But that we write to them [the Gentiles] to abstain from things polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from things strangled, and from blood." The Gentiles were taught that certain flesh meats were never to be eaten.
Both the Old and New Testaments give instruction about eating the wrong thing. For everything that God has given instruction, there is a reason that man does not immediately discover. For several thousand years man did not understand why God said in Genesis 3:18, that after the fall it was necessary to eat the green herb of the field and he suffered the consequences.
The Lord is going to have a people in the last days who, by faith live according to Bible principles and reflect the One Who left the glories of heaven to walk on this earth to show them the way of salvation. They will stand out against the crowd and be identified as Christians in all their actions.
Will you be a Christian?
(Unless appearing in quoted references or otherwise identified, Bible texts are from the New King James Version.)
Pastor John J. Grosboll is Director of Steps to Life and pastors the Prairie Meadows Church of Free Seventh-day Adventists in Wichita, Kansas. He may be contacted by email at: historic@stepstolife.org, or by telephone at: 316-788-5559.
Categories Bible Tags diet, dress, judgment, speech
Editorial – Do Not Be Deceived
Stumbling Blocks
Bible (253)
Bible Study Guides (1,258)
Children's Story (327)
Christian Life (236)
Daily Living (195)
Doctrine (205)
Facts about the Future (8)
Keys Storehouse (158)
Life Sketches (44)
Prophecy (122)
Question (216)
Recipe (311)
Songs We Love (2)
The Mystery of Godliness (2)
The Sin of Meroz
The Cost of Revival and Reformation – A Response to Concerns and Objections
The Cleansing of the Temple
SINFUL INDEPENDENCE?
Chapter 10 Desire of Ages — Chapter 78
Home Church Resources
Live Stream Church Service
Who and What is the Church
Organizing a Church
Support the Ministry
Copyright © 2023 Steps to Life


text:
Q: How To Get First Item of Array I have a windows phone project about news from media.
On this project, I have a panaroma item. In my first screeen, I get the news from my web API.
I use longlist selector to get these news but I want to put first/hot/newest new on the top with big picture of it and the text. But I couldn't gave the source rightly on my grid and LongListSelector at the same time.
In short, I want to list my news "one under the other" and the newest/first new will be big pictured on the top.
Here is what I've tried;
MAINPAGE.XAML
<!--Panorama item one-->
<phone:PanoramaItem Header="Haberler" Foreground="DarkGreen">
    <ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" Background="White">
        <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical">

                        <Grid x:Name="HeadNew">
                            <TextBlock x:Name="textBlock14" Text="{Binding Path=TITLE}"  TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="20,0" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeLarge}" Foreground="Black"/>
                            <Border Width="400" Height="250">
                                <Border.Background>
                                    <ImageBrush Stretch="Uniform" ImageSource="{Binding Path=MF658370_IMAGE}"/>
                                </Border.Background>
                            </Border>
                        </Grid>

            <phone:LongListSelector x:Name="MainLongListSelector" Background="White" Margin="-20,0,0,0" Height="Auto" Loaded="MainLongListSelectorLoaded" SelectionChanged="MainLongListSelectorSelectionChanged" toolkit:TiltEffect.IsTiltEnabled="True">
                <phone:LongListSelector.ItemTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="12,2,0,4" Height="Auto" Width="Auto">
                            <Border Width="126" Height="70">
                                <Border.Background>
                                    <ImageBrush Stretch="Uniform" ImageSource="{Binding Path=MF12670_IMAGE}"/>
                                </Border.Background>
                            </Border>
                            <TextBlock x:Name="textBlock1" Text="{Binding Path=TITLE}" Margin="10,0" FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeMedium}" Foreground="Black" />
                        </StackPanel>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </phone:LongListSelector.ItemTemplate>
            </phone:LongListSelector>

        </StackPanel>
    </ScrollViewer>
</phone:PanoramaItem>

Here is the MAINPAGE.XAML.CS
private void MainLongListSelectorLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    const string url = "MY_WEB_API_URL";
    var hWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
    hWebRequest.Method = "GET";
    hWebRequest.BeginGetResponse(MainLongListSelectorLoadCompleted, hWebRequest);
}

private void MainLongListSelectorLoadCompleted(IAsyncResult arr)
{
    var request = (HttpWebRequest)arr.AsyncState;
    var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(arr);
    using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
    {
        _json = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
        Headlines = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<FanatikApiAll.RootObject>(_json);
    }
    Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
    {
        MainLongListSelector.ItemsSource = Headlines.Headline;
    });

    Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
    {
        HeadNew.DataContext = Headlines.Headline;
    });
}

A: Since HeadNew isn't a list control, you need to assign only the item you need, not the whole list. For instance, to get the first item if any:
Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
    HeadNew.DataContext = Headlines.Headline.FirstOrDefault();
});


On 3x5 cards write what you think transportation means.
Research what types of transportation were available around the turn of the twentieth century (1900).
Research what types of transportation are available today.
View the photographs and film clip depicting farm markets at the turn of the twentieth century.
Look at the photographs and film clip below. Make a list of interesting details. Think about the people in the picture, the action taking place, and anything you find unusual. Click on the image to make it larger.
New York City "ghetto" fish market / Thomas A. Edison, Inc.
View the two photographs depicting farm markets at the turn of the twenty-first century.
Look at the two photographs below. Make a list of interesting details. Think about the people in the picture, the action taking place, and anything you find unusual. Click on the image to make it larger.
Students analyze the photograph, recording their thoughts on the Primary Source Analysis Tool. Before the students begin, select questions from the teacher's guide Analyzing Photographs and Prints to focus and prompt analysis and discussion.
Review the definition of transportation the class wrote at the start of this lesson.
Write three questions these photos raise in your mind. Consider what else you would need to know to have a more complete understanding of the subject matter in the picture.
Invite students to explain to the group why these questions rose from the pictures.
Choose a question and begin to research it further.


At Waste Adviser, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Lavaca, AR, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
Now, 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR information mill offering far more services aimed at and provided especially for your special events market place. Porta-potty rentals or portable loos are a common "add on" service, and it is regularly made available along with side sink and even portable shower area rentals. Greater services any 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR company can offer, the more potential customers they can entice. Not everyone exactly who needs 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR service also requirements porta-potty rentals at the same time, but it is great to know the products and services are available whenever they do. Through bundling these facilities, 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR companies enable special event planners save time through dealing with much less vendors. In addition, there are price tag savings connected with package deals which will make them desirable for buyers.
When you manage huge projects like structure, house renovation or environment friendly yard tidy up, it is necessary for you take aid from professional to full the project successfully. Men and women take a owing care to full the project on time, but they also neglect article issues of your project for example trash carting. You are about to produce huge tons of trash upon completion of your project. Plenty of trash cumulated for long time period would steer to lot numerous problems for example causing polluting the, spreading contagious diseases, living in free room in your market, hindering the development of your even more projects and many others. Clearing this kind of huge rubbish on self kills your main time and furthermore needs huge investment in terms of transport in addition to labor. Piling trash for period of time could throw you actually in needless troubles.It invites charges from you internet marketing a source with regard to generating polluting the.
Do you own a sophisticated home which was built in your eighties? If so, you may be thinking the time is right to update your present day home. In the end, since the eighties "modern" has come a long method.
A not too recent pattern that persists to become more plus much more popular right now is the coupling or bundling of party services. Typically one supplier can supply several of the temporary rental products and services needed for any concert, marriage, party or some other special event to succeed. One marketplace where this particular trend is extremely present would be the dumpster industry. In past times 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR companies made available services relevant to waste supervision. Dumpster, and spin off rental companies often experienced divisions that recycled and/or bought scrap metallic and some even provide non commercial trash series service.
As soon as it's all over, you're going to get some cleanup to do. Together with your others who live nearby, consider renting any dumpster for the products which don't take care of to sell. Quite a few 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR companies will in reality not dispose of the functional items that you add in your hired dumpster, but will as a substitute donate these to charity, so there is no require to feel that you're being inefficient by getting a dumpster within to haul over excess garage sale items. By renting a dumpster to clean up after your area yard sale, it can save you yourself the effort of having to cart everything to charitable organisation yourself, and also you and your others who live nearby will have a fast and simple way to clear everything out at once.
You may be updating your bathrooms in your modern home. Rent some sort of dumpster to toss out there any old floor, vanities or bath casings. You will be thankful that you have a dumpster rented as you or perhaps your contractor can easily immediately put all of the huge debris out there instead of stuttering on it or maybe throwing the item in your yard in addition to creating one particular big wreck. Your neighbors don't want to see the wreck for a few 2 or 3 weeks while you are upgrading your home.
You might also want to explore hiring a significant trash receptacle if you're doing lot of out-of-doors work including cutting woods or carrying wood out. In this case, it may not be cost-effective to work with a large pick up truck and you can not put items like that in the city waste materials receptacles.
You are able to throw your own old sleeping quarters door into the dumpster. You may also fit any old base board you no longer wish due to smashing or if they only are not the fashion you were trying to find.
When you have rented the dumpster the next step is to get rid of any junk in the barn or storage that you have also been holding onto. You may have given your children any of the aged antique or maybe sentimental issues you no longer wish. Maybe you have experienced a rummage sale or perhaps an auction but you just have products left over. Leasing a dumpster is a great solution to buy your farmhouse clean of all the unneeded clutter.
This smart in addition to easiest way to get out of all these issues is to rent some sort of dumpster from expert 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca service provider which handles the complete task for you. They even assist you in getting the right sized dumpster and they'll place it at the said spot at the time specified by you. This dumpsters provided by these kinds of 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca companies will probably be labeled while using tons of waste materials that can be treated in order to alert the user ahead of time about the numerous waste that's to be trashed into the dumpster. That precaution will eradicate the prospect of miscarriage in addition to overload.
You want to rent a dumpster or maybe dumpsters from a trustworthy company also. Clean dumpsters and ideal customer satisfaction are two other items you wish to make sure you currently have before choosing which company to rent coming from.
The price of 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca may vary greatly too. You will be charged not only is bigger of the product but for the delivery and acquire of it also. Many of these companies will deliver that you simply unit, buy it once a week or maybe how previously often you have it in your agreement, and leave that you simply new one as well. These expenses can vary greatly coming from company to corporation.
You are no more required fret that dumpsters get to large sizes and you finish up in paying for the disposable space. Skilled 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca service providers make dumpsters available in different sizes according to your own customized requirements. They even assist you in getting the right sized dumpster with no you concluding in paying for the free area.
So if you would like your rental dumpster delivered along with picked up on time, do a bit of research to find a high quality company. Then of course you'll benefit from friendlier service, much better pricing and much more flexibility to match your needs. While you're busy working on your restoration project, do you really want to put extra tension? Every so often even as we look around home and property we get the need to do a in depth cleanup. The need usually happens when spring is within the air, nevertheless it can happen when when we be aware that the accumulation associated with unused along with worn out bits and pieces have just built up to be too much.
Really don't trust your initiatives with just any company. Find a trusted 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR partner to ensure that all of your materials are discarded in a timely manner. When you've got a strong operating relationship having a 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR company, it is certain that your initiatives will be promptly and dirt free.
At this point comes in your question how to choose a acceptable company together with affordable cost. If you want to opt for any of the corporation for this assistance and are unclear about which one to go with then world wide web is the best guideline. On internet you could find many companies supplying such services. You can evaluate quotes to make your decision seated at home. Web can even assist you to pay for the assistance online together with your credit card or another options how the company may well provide you with.
Throw off dumpsters are generally large junk cans closed with wheels at the bottom and so are usually desired for junk disposal within the large initiatives like home renovation, structure projects commercial clean ups and environment friendly yard cleanse ups. These kinds of roll offs are generally enclosed together with two checkpoint ways, 1 at the back aspect to dump within the heavy tons, one in the top to throw the little trash left over at the job location. Your wheels closed with the move off help easy rolling of the dumpster in to the truck. Throw off dumpsters can be bought in different sizes starting from 10 yard to Forty yard.
When you have all of your products needed, you will get started using the construction which is being done on your household. Make sure you get rented a dumpster for all of your requires. Make it uncomplicated on your self and choose a dumpster that can simply be moved all around. A dumpster together with wheels could make everyone's job super straightforward.
Some local authorities will require people to obtain a permit ahead of they have virtually any rent a dumpster devices placed on their apartment. Most of the time this will only implement if the dumpster is going to be put on or nearby the street, and you should always consult with the local making permit place of work regarding the requirements in your particular instance, seeing that failing to obtain a permit can result in hefty dues.
In addition to becoming useful in a volume sense, dumpsters can also be perfect for non-standard trash or junk removing. For from appliance convenience to furniture convenience, dumpsters can take it all. With most 8 Yard Dumpster in Lavaca, AR corporations, as long as they can fit in the dumpster, you are good to go. The major benefit for having a dumpster with this type of predicament is that you do not require to worry about receiving the item or items in query off of your house. There's no running up an existing appliance, as an example, taking the idea to the eliminate or recycling where possible center along with unloading it. It merely requires to get the home appliance or furniture piece to your dumpster. The business you rent your dumpster from will handle it from there. In terms of doing away with large products, using a dumpster is one of the simplest, nearly all cost-effective, and most productive options you've got.


What's changed isn't marriage, but the types of people who are likeliest to get married.
….The point he was making was that people with college degrees are now more likely to get married than those who have no more than a high-school education.
The reason that's the case is that college graduates tend to wait longer to get married as they focus on their career.
And they tend to have the financial independence to postpone marriage until they're more confident it will work.
This has translated to lower rates of divorce: "If you're older, you're more mature … you probably have a better job, and those things make it less likely that you'll get into arguments with your spouse," Cherlin says.
Read more of that here.


NAVER Academic > Oral feedings in the cancer patient.
Oral feedings in the cancer patient.
Guide to Good Nutrition During and Alter Chemotherapy and Radiation.
The Chemical Senses and Nutrition.
One hundred patients with acute leukemia treated by chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and allogeneic marrow transplantation.
Oral feeding in the nutritional management of the cancer patient.
Supportive therapy in radiation oncology.
Why cancer patients have anorexia.
Defining the Intensity of Conditioning Regimens: Working Definitions (2009) Bacigalupo Andrea et al.
Polymorphism in Sirpa modulates engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells. (2007) Katsuto Takenaka et al.
Pulmonary complications of bone marrow transplantation. (1985) M J Krowka et al.
CYCLOSPORIN A TO PREVENT GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN MAN AFTER ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1980) Powles R.L et al.
Maintenance therapy with low‐dose azacitidine after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for recurrent acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (2010) Marcos de Lima et al.
Cell delivery in regenerative medicine: The cell sheet engineering approach (2006) Yang Joseph et al.
MISMATCHED FAMILY DONORS FOR BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION AS TREATMENT FOR ACUTE LEUKAEMIA (1983) Powles R.L et al.
Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour (2011) Valerie Curtis et al.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation. Immunohistochemical identification of the material within occluded central venules. (1987) H M Shulman et al.
Increased c- fos expression in nucleus of the solitary tract correlated with conditioned taste aversion to sucrose in rats (1994) Houpt Thomas A et al.
Developmental changes in amphetamine-induced taste aversions (1979) Infurna Robert N et al.
The acquisition of taste aversions in humans (1981) Logue A.W et al.
Stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens: a review of ten years experience with new transplant concepts and new therapeutic agents (2006) A J Barrett et al.


text:
package api.web.gw2.mapping.v2.mailcarriers;

import api.web.gw2.mapping.core.EnumValueFactory;

import java.util.stream.IntStream;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

/**
 * Unit test.
 *
 * @author Fabrice Bouyé
 */
public class MailCarriersUtilsTest {

    public MailCarriersUtilsTest() {
    }

    @BeforeAll
    public static void setUpClass() {
    }

    @AfterAll
    public static void tearDownClass() {
    }

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void tearDown() {
    }

    /**
     * Test of SkinType.
     */
    @Test
    public void testFindMailCarrierFlag() {
        System.out.println("findMailCarrierFlag");
        final String[] values = {
                "Default", // NOI18N.
                null,
                "" // NOI18N.
        };
        final MailCarrierFlag[] expResults = {
                MailCarrierFlag.DEFAULT,
                MailCarrierFlag.UNKNOWN,
                MailCarrierFlag.UNKNOWN
        };
        assertEquals(values.length, expResults.length);
        IntStream.range(0, values.length).
                forEach(index -> {
                    final String value = values[index];
                    final MailCarrierFlag expResult = expResults[index];
                    final MailCarrierFlag result = EnumValueFactory.INSTANCE.mapEnumValue(MailCarrierFlag.class, value);
                    assertEquals(expResult, result);
                });
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub