Some retirees are surprised to learn that Social Security is taxable. The federal government taxes up to 85% of your benefits, depending on your income. Most states, however, exempt Social Security from state taxes. The list of 37 states that don't tax Social Security includes the nine states with no state income tax, as well as some states that also rank as the most tax-friendly states for retirees, such as Georgia and Pennsylvania.
But beware: Some states that exempt Social Security benefits take a big bite out of other types of retirement income. Maryland, for example, excludes Social Security benefits from taxation, but distributions from individual retirement accounts are fully taxed. Weigh all state taxes when researching the best places to retire. For each state, we've included a link to our full guide to state taxes on retirees.
Kiplinger's state-by-state guide to taxes on retirees is updated annually based on information from state tax departments, Wolters Kluwer Tax & Accounting and the Tax Foundation. All data are for the 2018 tax year unless otherwise noted.
Sales Tax: 4% state levy. Localities can add as much as 7.5% to that, and the average combined rate is 9.15%. Alabama is one of the few states that does not exempt food from sales tax.
Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on up to $1,000 of taxable income for married joint filers and up to $500 for all others). High: 5% (on more than $6,000 of taxable income for married joint filers and more than $3,000 for all others). Alabama also allows residents to deduct all of their federal income tax from state taxable income. Some counties and cities charge an "municipal occupational tax" of 0.5%-2% on income; the average levy across the state is 0.5%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: There is no inheritance tax or estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Alabama.
SEE ALSO: The Best Social Security Claiming Strategies: How Much Do You Really Know?
Sales Tax: Alaska is one of five states with no state sales tax. However, localities can levy sales taxes, which can go as high as 7.5%. But, according to the Tax Foundation, the statewide average is only 1.43%. Sales taxes are generally charged in locations without real property taxes and vice versa.
Income Tax Range: There is no state income tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Alaska.
Sales Tax: 5.6% state levy. Localities can add as much as 5.3% to that, but the average combined levy is 8.33%, according to the Tax Foundation. Many cities in Arizona levy a tax on food for home consumption, like Tempe (1.8%) and Scottsdale (1.75%); Phoenix and Mesa are notable exceptions.
Income Tax Range: Low: 2.59% (on up to $20,690 of taxable income for married joint filers and up to $10,346 for all others). High: 4.54% (on more than $310,317 of taxable income for married joint filers and more than $155,159 for all others).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Arizona's median home value of $167,500 is $1,356.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Arizona.
Sales Tax: 6.5% state levy. Localities can add as much as 5.13%, and the average combined rate is 9.42%, according to the Tax Foundation. The state taxes food at 1.5%, and localities can add to that.
Income Tax Range: Low: 0.9% (on up to $4,499 of taxable income). High: 6.9% (on more than $79,301 of taxable income).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Arkansas' median home value of $114,700 is $721.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Arkansas.
Sales Tax: 7.25% state levy. Localities can add as much as 2.5%, and the average combined rate is 8.55%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Low: 1% (on up to $16,446 of taxable income for married joint filers and up to $8,223 for those filing individually). High: 13.3% (on more than $1,145,960 for married joint filers and $1 million for those filing individually).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on California's median home value of $409,300 is $3,237.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in California.
Sales Tax: Neither the state nor localities impose a sales tax.
Income Tax Range: Low: 2.2% (on taxable income from $2,001 to $5,000). High: 6.6% (on taxable income above $60,000).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Delaware's median home value of $233,100 is $1,274.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Delaware's estate tax expired at the end of 2017. There is no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Delaware.
Sales Tax: 6% state levy. Localities can add as much as 2%, and the average combined rate is 6.80%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Florida's median home value of $166,800 is $1,702.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Florida.
Sales Tax: 4% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4.90%, and the average combined rate is 7.23%, according to the Tax Foundation. While the state doesn't tax grocery food sales, localities can.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Georgia's median home value of $152,400 is $1,413.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Georgia.
Sales Tax: 4%. Hawaii employs a General Excise Tax that applies to a wide range of goods and services. Only prescription drugs and prostheses are exempt. Oahu has a county surcharge tax of 0.5% to pay for a mass transit system, making the average combined rate 4.35%, as calculated by the Tax Foundation. Complicating matters further, the tax is calculated on the vendor rather than the buyer, which means consumers pay a few percentage points more in practice.
Income Tax Range: Low: 1.4% (on taxable income up to $4,800 for married couples filing jointly; on up to $2,400 for married couples filing separately and individual filers). High: 8.25% (on taxable income over $48,000 for married couples filing jointly and surviving spouses; on over $96,000 for married couples filing separately and individual filers).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Hawaii's median home value of $538,400 is $1,459.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Hawaii decided not to follow the big jump in the estate-tax exemption under the new federal tax law and set its own instead: $5.49 million, the same as for 2017. Tax rates range from 10% to 15.7%. There is no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Hawaii.
Sales Tax: 6.0% state levy. Localities (typically resort communities) can add as much as 3%, but the effect on the state average, as calculated by the Tax Foundation, is negligible: It's 6.03%. Food is taxable, but the state attempts to offset the levy with a $100 per-person tax credit. Seniors can get $120.
Income Tax Range: Low: 1.125% (on taxable income up to $3,008 for married joint filers and up to $1,504 for individual filers). High: 6.925% (on taxable income of $22,558 or more for married joint filers and $11,279 or more for individual filers).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Idaho's median home value of $167,900 is $1,276.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Idaho.
Sales Tax: 6.25% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4.75%, and the average combined rate is 8.70%, according to the Tax Foundation. Food, prescription drugs and non-prescription drugs are all taxed at 1% by the state.
Income Tax Range: There is a flat rate of 4.95% of federal adjusted gross income after modifications.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Illinois' median home value of $174,800 is $4,058.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: There is no inheritance tax. Illinois has an estate tax with a $4 million exemption. The maximum estate-tax rate is 16%.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Illinois.
Sales Tax: State levy of 7%.
Income Tax Range: The Hoosier State taxes income at a flat rate of 3.23%, but counties levy their own income taxes, at rates as high as 3.38% (Pulaski County). The average is 1.56%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Indiana's median home value of $126,500 is $1,100.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Indiana has no estate or inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Indiana.
Sales Tax: 6.0% state levy. Localities can add as much as 1%, and the average combined rate is 6.82%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Low: 0.36% (on up to $1,598 of taxable income). High: 8.98% (on taxable income over $71,910). Iowa also allows residents to deduct federal income tax from state taxable income.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Iowa's median home value of $132,800 is $1,986.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Iowa has no estate tax. The inheritance tax ranges from 0% to 15%, depending on the amount of the inheritance and the relationship of the recipient to the decedent, with these exceptions: No tax is due on property left to a surviving spouse, stepchildren, lineal descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) or lineal ascendants (parents, grandparents, etc.), and no tax is due if the estate's net value is less than $25,000.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Iowa.
Sales Tax: State levy of 6%.
Income Tax Range: Kentucky has a flat income tax rate of 5%. Localities can add to this; the average levy is 2.08%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Kentucky's median home value of $126,100 is $1,078.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Kentucky has an inheritance tax, but all Class A beneficiaries (spouse, parent, child, grandchild, brother and sister) are exempt. Other beneficiaries are subject to inheritance tax rates ranging from 4% to 16%. There is no estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Kentucky.
Sales Tax: 4.45% state levy. Localities can add as much as 7%, and the average combined rate is 9.45%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries and prescription drugs are exempt from the state sales tax, but localities may tax these.
Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on $12,500 or less of taxable income for individuals, $25,000 for joint filers). High: 6% (on more than $50,000 of taxable income; $100,000 for joint filers). Residents can deduct all of their federal income tax from state taxable income.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Louisiana's median home value of $148,300 is $750.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Louisiana.
Sales Tax: State levy of 5.5%.
Income Tax Range: Low: 5.8% (on taxable income less than $21,450 for single filers; less than $42,900 for joint filers). High: 7.15% (on taxable income more than $50,750 for single filers; more than $100,550 for joint filers).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Maine's median home value of $176,000 is $2,329.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Maine decoupled from Federal law and set its 2018 estate tax exemption at the old federal limit: $5.6 million. Tax rates range from 8% to 12%. The exemption will be adjusted for inflation; an estimate of 2019's limit is $5.712 million.. Estate tax rates range from 8% to 12%. There is no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Maine.
Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on less than $1,000 of taxable income). High: 5.75% (on more than $250,000 of taxable income for single filers; more than $300,000 for joint filers). Maryland's 23 counties and Baltimore City may levy additional income taxes ranging from 1.75% to 3.20% of taxable income.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Maryland's median home value of $290,400 is $3,191.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Maryland estate tax is imposed on estates exceeding $4 million. The Free State's estate tax exemption will rise to $5 million in 2019 but won't be indexed to inflation going forward. Rates range from 5.6% to 16%. Maryland collects an inheritance tax, but property passing to a spouse, child or other lineal descendant, spouse of a child or other lineal descendant, parent, grandparent or sibling is exempt from taxation. Property passing to other individuals is subject to a 10% tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Maryland.
Sales Tax: State levy of 6.25%. Most clothing and footwear priced at under $175 per item are exempt.
Income Tax Range: Massachusetts has a flat rate of 5.1% of federal adjusted gross income.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Massachusetts' median home value of $341,000 is $4,132.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Estates valued at more than $1 million are subject to estate tax. Tax rates range from 0.8% to 16%. There is an unlimited marital deduction for property left to a surviving spouse and an unlimited charitable deduction for property left to a qualified charity. Massachusetts has no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Massachusetts.
Income Tax Range: Michigan has a flat tax rate of 4.25%. Cities can levy income taxes as well, on both residents and non-residents (who are taxed 1/2 the rate of residents). In Detroit, the resident rate is 2.4%; the state average is 1.70%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Michigan's median home value of $122,400 is $2,174.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Michigan.
Sales Tax: 7% state levy. Only two localities, Jackson (1%) and Tupelo (0.25%) add to that, making the average combined rate is 7.07%. Groceries are fully taxable.
Income Tax Range: Low: 3% (on taxable income of $1,000 or more). High: 5% (on more than $10,000 of taxable income).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Mississippi's median home value of $105,700 is $841.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Mississippi.
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Sales Tax: 6.85% state levy. Localities can add as much as 1.42%, and the average combined rate is 8.14%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Nevada's median home value of $191,600 is $1,478.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Nevada.
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Sales Tax: No sales tax.
Income Tax Range: New Hampshire doesn't have an income tax. But there's a 5% tax on dividends and interest in excess of $2,400 for individuals ($4,800 for joint filers).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on New Hampshire's median home value of $239,700 is $5,241.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in New Hampshire.
Sales Tax: 6.625% state levy. That rate is cut in half (3.313%) for in-person sales in designated Urban Enterprise Zones located in disadvantaged areas. Salem County, which borders no-tax Delaware, also charges the reduced 3.313% rate. Notably, motor vehicles are charged at the regular rate in these locations. Most clothing and footwear are tax-exempt year round throughout the state.
Income Tax Range: Low: 1.4% (on up to $20,000 of taxable income). High: 8.97% (on taxable income over $500,000). New Jersey allows localities to impose an income tax; the average levy is 0.5%, per the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on New Jersey's median home value of $316,400 is $7,601.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: New Jersey imposes an inheritance tax, at graduated rates ranging from 11% to 16%, on the transfer from a decedent to certain beneficiaries of real and personal property that has a total value of $500 or more. No tax is imposed on transfers to parents, grandparents, descendants, children and their descendants, spouses, civil union partners, domestic partners or charities. There is a $25,000 exemption per Class C beneficiary (siblings, sons-in-law and daughters-in-law). New Jersey's estate tax, levied on estates that exceed $2 million not passing to a spouse or civil union partner, will end Dec. 31, 2017.
An estate may be subject to the New Jersey estate tax even if there is no New Jersey inheritance tax due. However, any inheritance tax due is taken as a credit against any estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in New Jersey.
Sales Tax: 4% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4.88%, and the average combined rate is 8.49%, according to the Tax Foundation. In the New York City metro area, there is an additional 0.375% sales tax to support transit. Clothing and footwear that cost less than $110 (per item or pair) are exempt from sales tax.
Income Tax Range: Low: 4.0% (on up to $8,500 of taxable income for single filers and up to $17,150 for married couples filing jointly). High: 8.82% (on taxable income over $1,070,550 for single filers and over $2,155,350 for married couples filing jointly). New York allows localities to impose an income tax; the average levy is 2.11%, per the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on New York's median home value of $286,300 is $4,738.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Estates exceeding $5.49 million are subject to estate tax, with a top rate of 16%. The state estate tax is a "cliff tax." That means if the value of the estate is more than 105% of the current exemption, the exemption won't be available and the entire estate will be subject to state estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in New York.
Sales Tax: 4.75% state levy. Localities can add as much as 2.75%, and the average combined rate is 6.95%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries are not taxed by the state, but a 2% local tax is levied.
Income Tax Range: North Carolina has a flat tax rate of 5.49%.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on North Carolina's median home value of $157,100 is $1,345.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: There is no inheritance tax and no estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in North Carolina.
Sales Tax: 5.75% state levy. Localities can add as much as 2.25%, and the average combined rate is 7.14%.
Income Tax Range: Low: 1.98% (on income over $10,650 of taxable income). High: 4.997% (on taxable income over $213,350). Municipalities can levy income taxes, too; the average local rate is 2.5%, per the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Ohio's median home value of $131,900 is $2,064.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Ohio has no inheritance tax or estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Ohio.
Sales Tax: 4.5% state levy. Localities can add as much as 6.5%, and the average combined rate is 8.93%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Low: 0.5% (on up to $1,000 of taxable income for single filers and up to $2,000 for married joint filers). High: 5% (on taxable income over $7,200 for single filers and over $12,200 for married joint filers).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Oklahoma's median home value of $121,300 is $1,076.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Oklahoma.
Income Tax Range: Low: 5% (on up to $3,450 of taxable income for single filers and up to $6,900 for married couples filing jointly). High: 9.9% (on taxable income over $125,000 for single filers and over $250,000 for married couples filing jointly). Residents can deduct some of their federal income tax from state taxable income. The subtraction is limited to $6,650 ($3,325 if married filing separately). Local income taxes may be due as well; the average local levy is 0.36%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Oregon's median home value of $247,200 is $2,637.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Oregon has a state estate tax for estates of more than $1 million. Rates range from 10% to 16%. There is no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Oregon.
Sales Tax: 6%, but food, clothing, textbooks, heating fuels, and prescription and nonprescription drugs are exempt. Philadelphia has a local sales tax of an additional 2%, and Allegheny County (Pittsburgh's home county) adds a local sales tax of 1%, bringing the population-weighted average to 6.34%, as measured by the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Pennsylvania has a flat rate of 3.07%.
Property Taxes: Median property tax on Pennsylvania's median home value of $167,700 is $2,603.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: The Pennsylvania inheritance tax is calculated as a percentage of the value of the estate transferred to beneficiaries. The amount is determined based on the relationship of the heir to the decedent and the decedent's date of death. The tax rate is 4.5% for transfers to direct descendants (lineal heirs), 12% for transfers to siblings and 15% for transfers to other heirs (except charitable organizations, exempt institutions and government entities). Property a husband and wife own jointly is exempt from the tax, and so is property inherited from a spouse or from a child 21 or younger by a parent. The inheritance tax for farming families was eliminated in 2012. If the inheritance tax is paid within three months of the decedent's death, a 5% discount may apply.
There is no state estate tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Pennsylvania.
Sales Tax: 6% state levy. Localities can add as much as 3%, and the average combined rate is 7.43%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Low: 3% (on taxable income over $2,970). High: 7% (on taxable income over $14,860).
Property Taxes: Median property tax on South Carolina's median home value of $143,600 is $821.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in South Carolina.
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Sales Tax: 4.5% state levy. Localities can add as much as 4.5%, and the average combined rate is 6.40%, according to the Tax Foundation. Many services are taxed, as are groceries.
Income Tax Range: There's no state income tax.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on South Dakota's median home value of $146,700 is $1,943.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in South Dakota.
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Sales Tax: 7% state levy. Localities can add up to 2.75%, with an average combined rate of 9.46%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries are taxed at 5% by the state, plus whatever local rate is in effect. Local taxes are limited, though: Only the first $1,600 of any item is taxable.
Income Tax Range: There's no state income tax, so salaries, wages, Social Security benefits, IRA distributions and pension income are not taxed. But Tennessee does have the Hall Tax, which taxes dividends and some interest at 4% (in 2017). The first $1,250 in taxable income for individuals ($2,500 for joint filers) is exempt. The rate is declining 1% a year and will be phased out entirely by 2022.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Tennessee's median home value of $146,000 is $1,088.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Tennessee.
Sales Tax: 6.25% state levy. Localities can add up to 2%, with an average combined rate of 8.17%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Texas has no state income tax.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Texas' median home value of $142,700 is $2,654.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Texas.
Sales Tax: 5.3% state levy, including 1% that is allocated to local governments. Northern Virginia and the Hampton Roads area have an additonal 0.7% sales tax to pay for transportation improvements, giving the state an average combined rate of 5.65%, according to the Tax Foundation. Groceries are taxed at 2.5% statewide.
Income Tax Range: Low: 2% (on up to $3,000 of taxable income). High: 5.75% (on taxable income over $17,000).
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Virginia's median home value of $248,400 is $1,973.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Virginia.
Sales Tax: 6.5% state levy. Municpalities can add up to 3.9% to that, with the average combined rate at 9.19%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Washington has no state income tax.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Washington's median home value of $269,300 is $2,860.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: An estate tax is imposed on estates exceeding $2.193 million. Rates range from 10% to 20%. Washington offers an additional $2.5 million deduction for family-owned businesses valued at less than $6 million. There is no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Washington state.
Sales Tax: 5% state levy. Municipalities can add up to 1.75% to that, but in most locations the local rate is 0.5%, with the average combined rate at 5.44%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Low: 4.0% (on up to $11,450 of taxable income for singles or up to $15,270 for married couples). High: 7.65% (on taxable income over $252,150 for singles or over $336,200 for married couples). Effective income tax rate: 5.5%/single, 5.5%/married.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Wisconsin's median home value of $167,000 is $3,257.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Wisconsin.
Sales Tax: 4% state levy. Municipalities can add up to 2% to that, with a combined rate of 5.39%, according to the Tax Foundation.
Income Tax Range: Wyoming has no state income tax.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on Wyoming's median home value of $199,900 is $1,223.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Wyoming.
Income Tax Range: Low: 4% (on taxable income up to $10,000). High: 8.95% (on taxable income above $1,000,000). Effective income tax rate: 5.5%/individual, 7.3%/joint.
Property Taxes: The median property tax on the District of Columbia's median home value of $506,100 is $2,811.
Inheritance and Estate Taxes: Estates valued over $5.6 million are subject to estate tax. Rates range from 8% to 16%. There is no inheritance tax.
For details on tax breaks for retirees and state taxes on other retirement income see the complete guide to taxes on retirees in Washington, D.C..


The FINANCIAL -- It's too early to measure the impact of last night's final presidential debate, but Republican Donald Trump now has a three-point lead nationally on Democrat Hillary Rodham Clinton.
The latest Rasmussen Reports national telephone and online White House Watch survey finds Trump with 43% support among Likely U.S. Voters to Clinton's 40%. Six percent (6%) still prefer Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson, and three percent (3%) favor Green Party nominee Jill Stein. Another three percent (3%) like some other candidate, and six percent (6%) are undecided.
Trump has a 14-point lead among men; Clinton leads by eight points among women. Women are slightly more certain of their vote than men are. Those under 40 continue to prefer Clinton; older voters favor Trump.
Clinton retains her sizable advantage among blacks. Trump is still ahead among whites. The candidates are tied among other minority voters.


Comment…Hello, If I apply for German visiting visa I want to know if am living in Abuja, the day of interviews or isn't necessary to go lagos?
You can take your interview in any embassy in Nigeria irrespective of your residential address.
I live in Warri, Delta State. please, I want to know, if I apply for the German visa do I have to travel to Lagos for the interview or I could do it in any European country embassy closer to me?
You have to do it in lagos.
Comment… i want to know if it sure german will give nigeria visa dis year?


The fresh grown green beans this time of the year are so crisp, tender and sweet, I prefer to eat them raw or just barely blanched. This crisp green bean salad has you blanch the beans in salted water then shock them in ice cold water so they stop cooking and keep their bright green color and fresh flavor.
With the addition of tomatoes, blue cheese, bacon and almonds, the yum factor multiplies. I don't care for heavy dressings so this vinaigrette is a reduced fat dressing but has a lot of flavor and compliments this fresh summer salad very well.
A crisp green bean salad with bacon, tomatoes and blue cheese and topped with toasted almonds.
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the green beans to the boiling water and cook for 1 to 3 minutes, until they are barely cooked but still crisp (older green beans will take longer to cook). While the beans are cooking prepare a bowl of ice water. Once the beans are done, drain them and transfer to the ice water to stop cooking. Drain the beans again and pat dry with a towel.
Combine the green beans, tomatoes, blue cheese, crumbled bacon and chopped almonds in a bowl.
In a small bowl, combine the vinegar, olive oil, Dijon mustard, minced garlic, salt and pepper and whisk to combine.
Pour vinaigrette, over the green bean mixture and serve.
What a wonderful salad, one both my husband and I would love!
Blue Cheese and Bacon with my veggies anytime! Looks fabulous and only 147 calories…sold!
Can you put that in a cold pack and mail it to me? em… looks so good!


Billionaire investor Carl Icahn is taking an 8.2-percent stake in liquid natural gas company Cheniere Energy Inc., sending its shares higher in aftermarket trading.
Icahn disclosed ownership of 19.4 million shares of Cheniere, which owns a liquid natural gas terminal and pipeline in Louisiana. Icahn's funds say they want to start talks with the Houston-based company about its business, financing of capital spending and executive compensation, and Icahn may seek representation on the board of directors.
Shares of Cheniere Energy jumped $4.18, or 6.5 percent, to $68.99 in aftermarket trading. The stock closed at $64.81 on Thursday.
Icahn is known for tangling with the boards of companies like Apple Inc., Yahoo Inc., Hertz Global Holdings Inc. and eBay Inc. He also invested in ride-hailing app Lyft this year.


text:
Our Immigration System Is Killing Our Allies
Only a fraction of the promised visas have been delivered to foreign translators
Matthew La Corte
Politics Morality War Immigration
The news media's focus on illegal immigration prevents crucial dialogue on something more important: legal immigration. As a result, one of the many programs that receives little attention is the Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program.
Launched in 2007, SIV provides visas to Iraqi and Afghan interpreters who face an "ongoing serious threat" in their own countries because of the "faithful and valuable service" they rendered to the U.S. government. It is a straightforward program with bipartisan support.
However, SIV is a bureaucratic mess; restrictions and backlogs have stranded former U.S. allies overseas, where they and their families are targeted for harm even though they were promised visas as part of their recruitment. While the program has significantly improved in the last year, reforms are still necessary to ensure the safety of these individuals and the integrity of promises made by the State Department.
The Iraqi Refugee Assistance Project estimates that 50,000 translators were used in the last decade in Iraq and Afghanistan. The State Department's regular visa program for translators accepts only 50 applications per year, so it made sense to create a special program when the number of interpreters drastically increased during conflict.
Overall, 33,500 were promised. But as of September 2013, only 22 percent of the Iraqi visas and 12 percent of the Afghan visas had been issued, 7,000 in all. Astonishingly, only 37 Afghan interpreters were approved for visas in all of 2010 and 2011. The results have been remarkably deadly.
The List Project to Resettle Iraqi Allies estimates that more than 1,000 interpreters were killed in Iraq alone. In 2014 the Iraqi Refugee Assistance Project estimated that one Afghan is killed every 36 hours due to his American affiliation. Many of these deaths could have been prevented with a better visa policy.
An eye-opening report from Harvard's Kennedy School details the story of Fahim Muhammad of Afghanistan, who became a U.S. military interpreter in 2006. When the Taliban found out he helped the U.S. government, they decapitated his uncle, cousin, and best friend. He applied for an SIV in 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011 before his application finally achieved "pending" status. As of summer 2014 he was still in Afghanistan. SIV waiting times are truly a life-and-death issue. Up until 2014, average processing time was nearly four years.
Congress passed legislation in 2013 requiring applications to be completed within nine months. A year later, after little had changed, nine Iraqi interpreters filed a lawsuit against the departments of State and Homeland Security. The plaintiffs had waited, on average, over two years, and one had waited three years. Seven hundred visas were offered in 2013, nowhere near clearing the backlog.
Finally, with the program due to be dismantled in 2014, Congress approved a two-year extension for Afghan interpreters. The State Department requested 8,000 visas over a two-year period, but only 4,000 were available because of resource and personnel limitations. An estimated 13,000 people applied.
In a press release, Sen. John McCain argued, "We have a responsibility to honor the promises we made to the Afghan men and women who risked their lives and those of their families to assist American forces."
The author of the Harvard report stated, "If the United States fails to rescue the thousands of interpreters in peril, the message will be clear: America does not honor its promises. Our country owes these men and women for the service they provided, and America has valid security and intelligence interests by ensuring they are protected in the United States."
Reform is a straightforward matter. The application process should be quick and the paperwork relatively simple.
The State Department now claims that applicants can go through the whole process in under a year. As of January 2015, 11,000 individuals were somewhere in the application process. So the problem now is the number of slots. There are only 4,000 slots for 2015 and 2016; then the program runs out again. Matt Zaller, cofounder of the refugee advocacy group No One Left Behind, argues that 10,000 more visas will be needed over the next few years.
The unfortunate truth is that many of these applicants, despite their newly processed paperwork, have probably already been killed. Assisting the U.S. government in the face of increasing threat and danger overseas is a noble and brave task. Congress should quickly expand the number of visas to honor the promises made to these brave souls.
This post first appeared at the Niskanen Center.
Matthew La Corte is a Research Associate at the Niskanen Center where he focuses on immigration policy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe Spree::PaymentMethod::Payu, type: :model do
  let(:instance) { described_class.new }

  describe "#payment_profiles_supported?" do
    subject { instance.payment_profiles_supported? }
    specify { is_expected.to be false }
  end

  describe "#source_required?" do
    subject { instance.source_required? }
    specify { is_expected.to be false }
  end

  describe "#success?" do
    subject { instance.success? }
    specify { is_expected.to be true }
  end

  describe "#cancel" do
    subject { instance.cancel }
    specify { is_expected.to be nil }
  end

  describe "#authorization" do
    subject { instance.authorization }
    specify { is_expected.to be instance }
  end

  describe "#credit" do
    subject { instance.credit }
    specify { is_expected.to be instance }
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
SSM Health St. Louis taps new CMO: 3 points
Anuja Vaidya (Twitter) - Monday, June 18th, 2018 Print	| Email
St. Louis-based SSM Health appointed Hsieng Su, MD, vice president for medical affairs and CMO for its St. Louis region, effective June 25.
Here are three points:
1. Dr. Su most recently served as CMO at Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center in Milwaukee.
2. At Aurora St. Luke's, she oversaw quality and infection prevention, performance improvement and spiritual care.
3. In her new role at SSM Health St. Louis, she will work with St. Louis-based hospital CMOs and the health system's chief quality officer to coordinate patient safety, quality and patient experience activities.
More articles on executive moves:
Lakeway Regional Hospital names Tammy White permanent CEO: 4 things to know
Niagara Falls Memorial Medical Center names new chief quality & compliance officer: 4 points
Washington psychiatric hospital selects new interim CEO: 3 takeaways
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We recently had one of our Revit projects go in for planning, and as it is likely to go on and be a Architecture / Structure Revit coordinated project in Design Development, I thought it would be worth doing an in-house File audit.
It's a high rise apartment building in one of the trendy parts of town. The building it-self is relatively simple and the file is also relatively young, being only about 2 months old.
To my surprise there were 3500 warnings in the file. It made me aware very quickly that I need to spend some time with the users to educate them on how to fix warnings and the benefits of doing so.
I was determined to get the warnings down, as I don't see how well our coordination with the Engineers would work, if the file at this early stage had so many error warnings.
It took me about 16 hours to get the 3500 warnings down to 2 warnings (It's very satisfying to say that). For those interested the file size was 52MB before I started and at the end it was 5.5MB smaller. It sounds a lot but it was 3500 errors, so really the file size is not hugely affected by warnings unless you have several thousand of them. However the processing time is. The model seems to work very well now.
This is really a statement that you can eliminate 99% of error warnings, and it really doesn't take too much time and effort (have a read of some of my posts on warnings posted in the past few weeks). Your model will work so much better, walls will join and trim properly, rooms will bound properly, you won't have clashes with doors and walls, Ramps and Stairs will be the right length, Tags will work properly, Rooms, areas and doors won't have duplicate numbers, Elements won't be at odd angles to the axis planes, walls won't clash and you won't have two elements in the same place.
To me, that's just the type of building we all want to build.
Let the warnings work for you, and not against you.
A group, filled region and masked region with an error won't indicate the warning symbol in the options bar when selected. You need to be in the elements edit mode and select the sketch to see the warning symbol.
Use groups cleverly. Don't create groups out of lines when they should have been a detail component in the first place. Ensure model groups are independent (ie you are not relying on elements outside the group to make elements in the group work). Disallow wall joins of walls in the group to walls outside the group. Review the warnings in the group before finishing the group mode.
Fix items that are slightly off axis straight away. As soon as you have one off axis, Revit will snap to it and soon you may find the first one is now joined by another 20 items slightly off axis.


Bingeclock, how long does it take to watch every episode of Star vs. the Forces of Evil?
This is the 3,031st longest binge-watch.
1 2 3 Plan it! When will you finish Star vs. the Forces of Evil if you watch it this many hours per day?
274 people have binge-watched this.
Star vs. the Forces of Evil is the #2 most popular Disney XD cartoon binge-watch on Bingeclock.


text:
Teacher jailed for sex with boy, 13, 'says its all his fault'
Jacob GeanousMonday 22 Jul 2019 9:29 pm
Brittany Zamora's lawyer, middle, hit out at the boy she was convicted of having sex with, calling him 'obsessed' and 'very aggressive.' (Picture: AP)
A teacher in jail for having sex with a 13-year-old student blamed the boy, calling him 'obsessed' and 'very aggressive,' her lawyer said in a statement.
Brittany Zamora's attorney, Belen Olmedo Guerra, suggested that the boy's behavior may have been to blame for Zamora's sex abuse conviction early this month in Arizona.
After the trial's conclusion, Guerra shockingly refused to admit her client's guilt, and said: 'I have represented Brittany Zamora for almost 16 months and I can tell you that she is not a monster. Brittany is not a predator and this was not between a young child and Brittany.'
'This was a teenager…She is not a danger to society.'
Guerra went on to say that the Timothy Dickey, the principal at Las Brisas Academy, where Zamora, 28, taught sixth grade, refused to remove the boy from Zamora's class.
Zamora 'implored Principal Dickey to move him because the teenager had boundary issues and was obsessed with Brittany. I'm not making that up. I learned that from Principal Dickey,' her lawyer said.
Guerra went on to say that the boy had 'many, many behavioral issues' and was 'very aggressive.'
'He even was very persistent in asking Britannia about her birthmarks, moles, or anything else that could be an identifiable piece of information. This was before authorities were contacted,' she said.
Guerra's statements were unexpected because just moments before, Zamora seemed to take full responsibility for the crimes she was convicted of.
She pleaded guilty to a multiple charges related to her sexual relationship with the boy and before she received her 20 year sentence, said: 'I'm ashamed of my actions and completely remorseful and regret what took place.'
Brittany Zamora was given the twenty year sentence in Maricopa County Superior Court on July 12 (Picture: Goodyear police department)
A second student told police that he was asked to stand watch at one of the classrooms while Zamora 'touched' his classmate (Picture: Goodyear Police Department)
Zamora was arrested in March 2018 after the boy's parents became aware of her sexual relationship with their son, which led to at least four sexual encounters – some of which occurred in the school.
The boy's parents were tipped off to the sex abuse after they installed a monitoring app on their son's phone. The app flagged the word 'baby,' which had been used constantly in the chat between Zamora and the boy.
The boy's parents alerted police after they saw the illicit conversations the boy was having with his teacher on his cellphone (Picture: Goodyear Police Department)
The parents then confronted their son, who admitted he had sex with his teacher. Investigators say Zamora engaged in sex acts with the boy at his grandparents' home, in her car, and even in the classroom.
Zamora also engaged in explicit flirting with the boy on Instagram. Once the teacher wrote: 'If I could quit my job and fuck you all day I would.'
After the boy's parent's became aware of the abuse, both Zamora and her husband, Daniel, spoke with them on the phone to try to 'settle' the issue 'outside.'
The teens father said his son has been 'scarred mentally' by the abuse.
SchoolUS news
Pilot who spent record 243 days on Covid ward punches air as he's discharged
Trump has already left office, US State Department announces prematurely
Hundreds march in support of Donald Trump in Japan after riots


text:
Eine Torte ist ein feiner Kuchen, der meist mit Creme gefüllt, bestrichen und/oder mit Früchten belegt und verziert ist. Meist ist die Form kreisrund, aber auch andere Formen sind gebräuchlich wie Rechtecke, Kuppelform, Herzform u.v.m. Törtchen haben prinzipiell dieselbe Zusammensetzung wie Torten, jedoch einen deutlich geringeren Durchmesser.

Wortherkunft
Wie Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Heyse und Johann Christian Heyse in ihrem Handwörterbuch der deutschen Sprache darstellen, war der heutige Begriff Torte im Althochdeutschen tortulla, turtella und wurde aus italienisch torta bzw. spätlateinischen tōrta für "gewundenes Gebäck", "rundes Brot", "Brotgebäck" entliehen, ausgehend von tortus, torta, tortum (latein.: gedreht, gewunden).

Geschichte
Bei Adelung ist 1793 zu lesen: "Torte, in den Küchen, ein Gebackenes, welches gemeiniglich aus einem Butterteige in einer eigenen Pfanne bereitet, und hernach in einem Backofen gebacken wird. Man hat sie gefüllt und ungefüllt."

Der Begriff "Torte" bezeichnete ursprünglich aber keine süße Konditoreiware, sondern eine gefüllte Pastete, die meistens herzhaft war. Dieselbe Bedeutung hatte das zugrundeliegende italienische Wort torta. In dieser Bedeutung wurde der Begriff noch im 19. Jahrhundert verwendet. Das Wiener Appetit-Lexikon von 1894 erwähnt noch eine damals populäre Marinetorte in Gestalt eines Segelschiffes nach dem Vorbild alter Schaugerichte, die mit Klößen aus Hechtragout, Pilzen, Austern und Krebsschwänzen gefüllt war "und Hummerschwänze sich im Tauwerk schaukeln."Als älteste süße Torten gelten Mandeltorten (gefüllt mit einer Mandelmasse), das älteste überlieferte, handschriftliche Rezept einer namentlich genannten Torte ist die Linzer Torte.

Deutsche Tortenrezepte aus dem 16. Jahrhundert liefert beispielsweise 1544 das Kochbuch Ain künstlichs und nutzlichs Kochbuch des Balthasar Staindl. Die ersten bekannten Rezepte für Cremeschnitten erschienen 1651 bei La Varenne. Die meisten heute bekannten Sahne-, Schokoladen- und Cremetorten entstanden erst im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Die Herstellung von Schlagsahne mit dem Schneebesen vor der Erfindung des elektrischen Handrührgerätes war zeitaufwändig. Ganache wurde um 1850 in Paris erfunden, Buttercreme wird von deutschen Konditoren erst seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts verwendet.

Der Tortenwurf ist ein Teil klassischer Comedy.

Klassische und moderne Torten

Die meisten Torten basieren auf Biskuit oder Mürbeteig; klassische Torten kombinieren meist einen dünnen Mürbeteigboden (zur Stabilisierung des Tortenbodens) mit Schichten aus Biskuit. Vor dem Füllen werden viele Torten erst getränkt.

Die Füllung besteht häufig aus Cremes auf Grundlage von Buttercreme, geschlagener Sahne, Sahnecreme oder Quark (z. B. Käsekuchen, Cassata), die je nach Rezept mit Zutaten wie Vanille, Kakao, Kaffee, gemahlenen Nüssen und frischen oder kandierten Früchten sowie Spirituosen aromatisiert sind. Auch Marzipan und Konfitüren finden als Füllung Verwendung. Torten sind oft mit der Creme, die auch zur Füllung dient, mit Glasur oder Kuvertüre überzogen.

Modernere Arten des Überzuges sind Rollfondant oder Schokoladenfondant. Zum Schluss werden die Torten oft mit Creme oder Schlagsahne aus dem Spritzbeutel dekoriert. Weitere Verzierungen können Blätter, Blüten und andere Motive aus geformter Zucker-, Marzipan- oder Schokoladenmasse sowie kleinen Früchten sein. Bei solch dekorierten Torten spricht man oft auch von Cake Design, da diese Kunst der Tortengestaltung aus Nordamerika oder Großbritannien kommt. Aufwendige Motivtorten werden zu besonderen Anlässen wie Hochzeiten oder Geburtstagen auf Bestellung gefertigt. Einfacher sind Obsttorten, die meist aus einer einzelnen Teigschicht bestehen, mit frischen oder gedünsteten Früchten belegt und mit Tortenguss bedeckt werden. Eine in Deutschland beliebte Obsttorte ist die Erdbeertorte.

Obsttorten
 gebackene Obsttorten werden hergestellt als
 offene Obsttorten, die Obstauflage ist sichtbar (z. B. Zwetschgentorte)
 gedeckte Obsttorten, die Obstauflage ist durch eine Abdeckung (z. B. gedeckte Apfeltorte) oder eine Massenzubereitung verdeckt, in welche die Obstauflage einsinkt.
 zusammengesetzte Obsttorten mit frischem Obst, z. B. Erdbeertorte.

Cremetorten
Cremetorten werden üblicherweise aus Dobos-, Wiener oder Biskuitböden mit Cremefüllung zusammengesetzt und können dem Typ der Torte entsprechende Zusätze erhalten, wie geriebene Nüsse oder Kakaopulver. Neben verschiedenen Formen wie die Ring-, Herz- oder Aufsetzformen, gibt es die Klassiker: Frankfurter Kranz, Fürst-Pückler-Torte, Dobostorte, Herrentorte.

Sahnetorten und Sahnecremetorten
 Sahnetorten enthalten mindestens 60 % Schlagsahne in der Füllung und Gamierung (einschließlich der geschmacksgebenden Zusätze). Als Fett ist nur das Milchfett der Sahne enthalten, mit Ausnahme natürlicher Fettanteile aus Zusätzen wie Nüsse oder Schokolade. Dieses gilt nicht für Käse-, Joghurt- und Wein-Sahne-Füllungen.
 Sahnecremetorten enthalten weniger als 60 aber mindestens 20 % Schlagsahne in der Füllung und Garnierung. Die Abgrenzung von Sahne- und Sahnecremefüllungen erfolgt also nach dem Sahneanteil, nicht aber nach dem Gehalt an Gelatine oder sonstigen Bindemitteln. Zwei Typen spezieller Sahnecremes sind Bayerische Creme und Pariser Creme bzw. Canache.

Gebackene Torten
Gebackene Torte werden üblicherweise nach den wertbestimmenden Zutaten benannt. Sie werden in der gewünschten Zusammensetzung fertiggestellt und so abgebacken; sie sind im Allgemeinen nach dem Backen ohne eine weitere Bearbeitung verkaufsfertig (z. B. Käsetorte bzw. in Österreich gebackene Topfentorte). Einige Torten dieser Gruppe bestehen aus speziellen Massen und werden nach dem Backen mit Aprikosenkonfitüre zusammengesetzt oder äußerlich hergerichtet: Sachertorte, Spanische Vanilletorte, Baumkuchentorte, Linzertorte, Makronentorte.

Herstellung und Angebotsformen
Für die Herstellung von Torten und anderen Feinbackwaren gibt es einen eigenen Berufsstand, den Konditor (schweizerisch Confiseur). In der gehobenen Gastronomie ist der Pâtissier mit der Zubereitung betraut. Konditoren zählen (fachlich) auch diverse Süßspeisen und Desserts wie die italienischen Zuccotto, Cassata, Varianten des Tiramisù oder der Zuppa inglese sowie die französischen Petit Fours zu den Tortenzubereitungen.

Die Form einer Torten richtet sich nach dem Verwendungszweck. Meist sind Torten rund, und es werden feste oder verstellbare Tortenringe für die Herstellung genutzt. Für bestimmte Tortenzubereitungen sowie in der gewerblichen Herstellung werden auch andere Formen verwendet.

Schnitten
Nach Franz-Maier Bruck unterscheiden sich Schnitten in Herstellung, Füllung und Dekor von den Torten nur darin, dass die Grundmasse bzw. der Teig in rechteckiger Form ausgestrichen bzw. ausgewalkt und dann gebacken wird. Die meisten Tortenrezepte finden Anwendung auch für Schnitten, einige Mehlspeisen ausschließlich in Schnittenform, z. B. Cremeschnitten.

Anschnitt-Torten
Anschnitt-Torten (auch Ladenanschnitttorten) sind die üblichen Torten für den stückweisen Verkauf im Laden oder Café. Daher sind sie mit dem Torteneinteiler vorgezeichnet und stückgarniert. Sie werden allgemein in Rundform hergestellt mit einem Durchmesser von 26 oder 28 cm.

Formtorten
Beispiele für Formtorten sind: rechteckige, herzförmige, dreieckige usw. Die Rundtorte ist die üblichste Tortenform. Sie hat eine horizontale Schichtung, zwischen den einzelnen Schichten des Bodens wird die Füllung aufgetragen.

Festtags- und Motivtorten
haben eine Oberfläche, die anlassbezogen beschriftet (z. B. mit einer Schrift aus Spritzglasur) oder mit Motiven gestaltet ist (z. B. Marzipandekor). Diese Torten haben zumeist eine Stückgarnierung und keine vorgezeichnete Einteilung.

Kuppeltorten
Eine Kuppeltorte ist eine halbrund gewölbte Torte, unabhängig von ihrer Füllung und Zusammensetzung. Kuppeltorten sind oft mit Marzipan eingedeckt oder mit Kuvertüre überzogen, damit ihre Form stabil bleibt. Die Kuppelform kann durch unterschiedlich große Bodenteile gebildet werden, oder auch durch die Füllung.

Etagen- oder Aufsatztorten
Die Etagentorte ist vertikal aus unterschiedlich großen Tortenböden aufgebaut. Sie kann aus zwei bis vier Teilen mit jeweils verschiedenem Durchmesser bestehen.
Eine abgewandelte Form ist die Aufsatztorte, bei der auf einem Tortenständer etliche kleine Torten übereinander gesetzt werden (z. B. Hochzeitstorten).

Schautorten
Schautorten veranschaulichen Beispiele für mögliche Tortengestaltungen für den Kauf auf Bestellung. Sie stellen aber auch die Leistungsfähigkeit des Betriebs heraus und können in jeder Form hergestellt werden. Es sind Schaustücke, die nicht für den Verkauf bestimmt sind, und aus unempfindlichen Materialien bestehen, sodass sie ohne Rücksicht auf das Umgebungsklima ausgestellt werden können.

Bekannte Torten

Siehe auch

 Geburtstagstorte
 Hochzeitstorte
 Tortendiagramm
 Tortenwurf

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Jason Galaz. Founder of Muddy Roots Records & Events. We host music festivals across the U.S. and Europe as well as press records ranging from bluegrass to garage rock. The record shop is our headquarters and flagship for current independent music and pioneering country western and rock n roll.
A few thousand mid-century country western singles, a few bins of 12" classics and up and coming artists in another. We also have a furnished vintage living room listening station.
Pat Reedy & The Longtime Goners because it's real deal blue collar country from a grown-up punk who works construction.
Another job. Not enough people purchase physical copies of music anymore.
RSD is the one day I can count on large groups of locals to come in and shop.
Never quit and don't be anything but your own expression.
Pat Reedy, Margo Price, JP Harris, Kristina Murray, Aaron Lee Tasjan.


text:
> st. helens
Property types in St. Helens
Properties for sale Properties for rent
St Helens is a large town in Merseyside, England. At present it has a population of about 177,000 approximately. The Industrial Revolution played a significant in the development of the area with mining and glass making playing a pivotal role in the development of the economy of the area. A commercial town, this place at present attracts a lot of tourists for its rich history.
Important places to check out on one's visit to the town comprises of the Town Hall, the Gamble Institute – at present it is a central library, the Friends' Meeting House, Church Street, the Beecham Clock Tower, Westfield Street, St Mary's Lowe House Catholic Church.
Besides primary, secondary and special schools the town also has several colleges in order to teach the bright minds.
Originally the town had many night clubs but many of them have closed down. At present there are several restaurants that offer cuisines of different types and regions.
Some of the notable people associated with the town include the Beecham's which was one of the world's largest pharmaceutical producers at one point of time. Another notable personality is Richard Seddon, who went on to become Prime Minister of New Zealand. In fact he holds the record of being the longest serving Prime Minister.
Average price in St. Helens
See the stats for properties on sale in St. Helens ►
See the stats for rental properties in St. Helens ►
Houses (675)
Semi Detached Houses (535)
Terraced houses (505)
Townhouses (127)
Bungalows (99)
Mews (19)
Detached Houses (32)
Townhouses (21)
Regions near to St. Helens
Widnes (6.58 miles)
Warrington (7.36 miles)
Wigan (7.39 miles)
Liverpool (10.97 miles)
Bolton (15.44 miles)
Properties for sale in St. Helens
Lower Green Road, St Helens, Isle Of Wight, Po33 1ub
£139,950£147,000
- For Sale - Apartment - 1 bedroom
A period home set on st helens green.Situated on the lower green in st helens... Access on to mill road. The apartment is ideally located for easy access to st...
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SS0, Southend-on-sea - For Sale - Apartment - 1 bedroom
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Junction Lane, St Helens, Merseyside Wa9
St. Helens, St Helens - For Sale - Terraced house - 2 bedrooms - 1 bathroom
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Reginald Road, St Helens Wa9
St. Helens, St Helens - For Sale - Detached House - 4 bedrooms
Miles down the road is st helens town centre, a place with a real buzz and a firm... To the famous saints rugby club, st helens boas...
Apartment For Sale In St. Helens
St. Helens, St Helens - For Sale - Apartment - 1 bathroom
Building with original features gated allocated parking close to st. Helens town...
Properties for rent in St. Helens
Studio Flat To Rent In St Helens Gardens, W10, London
W10, London - To Rent - Studio - 1 bathroom
Generously proportioned, smart studio flat on the raised ground floor of this small modern block in the heart of this charming community with a delightful...
4 Bedroom Townhouse To Rent In St. Helens Gardens, W10, London
W10, London - To Rent - Townhouse - 4 bedrooms
An extremely spacious four double bedroom house located in ladbroke grove. The property has been completed to a very modern standard throughout, incorporating...
Providence Court, St Helens Wa10
£76£82
St. Helens, St Helens - To Rent - Flat - 1 bedroom - 1 bathroom
First floor flat close to st helens town centre. Property comprises of gch, double glazing...
Borough Road, St. Helens Wa10
St. Helens, St Helens - To Rent - 1 bathroom
Large en suite rooms to rent in st helens. Coseyrentals are delighted to offer these brand new rooms to rent in the st helens area. Each room is much larger...
Herbert Street, St. Helens Wa9
St. Helens, St Helens - To Rent - Terraced house - 3 bedrooms - 1 bathroom
Property reference: 590751. Mid terraced house to let sutton village £525 deposit £525 per calendar month no pets no smokers available from 16th...


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text:
(01-24-2016, 04:21 PM)Jermungandr Wrote: Redundant perhaps, but of all the possible fixes it's the one that offers the fastest search results.
Another option is to have every game name load into an array with the accents stripped every time a search is performed, and then strip any accents from the search request and perform the search on that array.
It's faster than checking every possible accent combination for every game, but slower than the method I gave previously.
That would be brutally slow. The second column is likely the most efficient way to do this. I just don't know if the very small number of cases where it matters justifies it. People have no problem finding the content as it stands now and, though I always prefer to be as accurate as possible, the lack of accents doesn't make the titles unrecognizable.


#106 Results of integrate(x^2) and integrate(x^2,x) are different <-- You are here.
is only implemented for univariate polynomial since the variable is "known" and therefore the polynomial can be integrated with respect to it.
I close this issue, please reopen it, if you are not agree.


text:
package com.ansteel.core.context;

import com.ansteel.core.constant.Public;
import com.ansteel.core.service.PropertiesVariable;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 创 建 人:gugu
 * 创建日期:2015-03-19
 * 修 改 人:
 * 修改日 期:
 * 描   述:系统全局变量工具。
 */
public class SystemVariable {

    protected static Map<String,Object> variable = new HashMap<String,Object>();

    public static void init(){
        defaultVariable();
        Map<String,Object> pMap=new PropertiesVariable().getAll();
        variable.putAll(pMap);
        //Map<String,Object> dMap=new DatabaseVariable().getAll();
        //variable.putAll(dMap);
    }

    public static void refresh(){
        variable.clear();
        init();
    }

    private static void defaultVariable() {
        //默认没有缓存
        variable.put(Public.S_IS_CACHE, Public.FALSE);
    }

    public static Object get(String key) {
        if(variable.containsKey(key)){
            return variable.get(key);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static Object get(String key, Object defaultValue) {
        if(variable.containsKey(key)){
            return variable.get(key);
        }else{
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    public static Map<String, Object> getAll() {
        return variable;
    }

    public static void add(String key,Object value) {
        variable.put(key,value);
    }

    public static void clear() {
        variable.clear();
    }

    public static void remove(String key) {
        variable.remove(key);
    }

    public static void set(String name, Object value) {
        variable.put(name,value);
    }
}


The sextet is kicking off the new year with the 2nd album. For this release, the ladies have taken on a pure, elegant concept with a bridal look. All members have come together for the group photos in nature. Check out their beautiful cuts below.
'Time For Us' will be released on January 14.
All of them are beautiful, but I love how Sowon look here she's gorgeous.
That picture of Sowon surrounded by the other girls like a queen is everything.


text:
Policy Analysis on Great Power Competition
Region - Any -EgyptGulf StatesIranIraqIsraelJordanLebanonMiddle EastNorth AfricaPalestiniansSyriaTurkey
Type - Any -Articles & TestimonyBrief AnalysisIn-Depth Reports
Don't Expect Russia to Help Save the Iran Deal
In seeking to salvage the JCPOA, Biden should not assume cooperation from Moscow, but instead focus on building a unified strategy that strengthens the U.S. negotiating position.
Anna Borshchevskaya
Institute Scholar Discusses Protests in Russia on BBC World News |
"Certainly President Putin feels threatened, otherwise there wouldn't be such a massive crackdown," Borshchevskaya tells BBC World News host Freya Cole.
Institute Senior Fellow Anna Borshchevskaya explains the implications of countrywide protests across the Russian Federation.
Russia Has the Edge in Managed Competition with Turkey
Although Moscow and Ankara are pursuing different aims in Syria, Libya, and the South Caucasus, they have managed to avoid direct confrontation.
Presidential Elections in the United States: Political and Economic Consequences for Europe
There is greater American bipartisan consensus on national security strategy than Washington's fractious politics would indicate, creating ample room for transatlantic cooperation on that front.
Michael Singh
China and the United States in the Middle East: Between Dependency and Rivalry
Continuing the status quo—a large American presence, but uncertain American commitment—would be a high-cost, high-risk, low-reward approach.
Conflict with Small Powers Derails U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case for Strategic Discipline
Although containing or deterring minor powers can help shape the behavior of great powers, conflicts with these smaller foes have proliferated in the twenty-first century, tying down resources and attention needed elsewhere.
When China Met Iran
A growing partnership between America's main Middle East adversary and Asia's rising superpower bears careful watching in Washington.
U.S. Policy in the Middle East Amid Great Power Competition
Viewing regional issues through this broader strategic lens will require Washington to accept painful trade-offs and take a tougher stance with difficult allies.
Vladimir Putin and the Shiite Axis
Russia's military alliance with Iran is all about keeping Assad in power and America on its back foot, and even a short-lived partnership can do long-term damage to U.S. interests.
Diane and Guilford Glazer Foundation Program on Great Power Competition and the Middle East
The Diane and Guilford Glazer Foundation Program on Great Power Competition and the Middle East focuses on the region as a setting for heightened competition between the United States and other world powers, such as China and Russia.
Sign Up for Email Updates from The Washington Institute
Never miss a breaking event on U.S. policy interests in the Middle East. Customize your subscription to our expert analysis, op-eds, live events, and special reports.
Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Anna Borshchevskaya is a senior fellow at The Washington Institute, focusing on Russia's policy toward the Middle East.


text:
Virginia Tech®home
Center for Human-Computer Interaction
Want to join CHCI?
Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology (ICAT)
Center for Human-Computer Interaction /
Introducing CHCI Student Council for 2023 /
Current page: Introducing CHCI Student Council for 2023
Introducing CHCI Student Council for 2023
The Center for Human-Computer Interaction has a new Student Council starting in the Spring semester 2023. This student-driven organization aims to have a positive impact on the CHCI student community through advocacy, events, and programs.
The council vision and mission statements are as follows:
Vision: The CHCI student council aims to provide an inclusive and creative space for students to find common ground, network, and collaborate both academically and artistically. The student council will promote a strong community amongst students involved in the CHCI through showcasing human-computer interaction design work and research with a focus on providing unique social opportunities.
Mission: We are inspired by our university's motto Ut Prosim (That I May Serve) to help build a stronger student-based community in the CHCI and to promote student engagement in the ongoing interdisciplinary efforts by the HCI community at Virginia Tech.
Activities: The CHCI student council is organizing the 2023 Student Research Symposium which showcases research by students in the Center, to be held at the end of the Spring semester. The council also hosts the weekly "Hack-and-Yak" every Friday from 2 to 5 pm.
KYLIE DAVIDSON
Kylie is a PhD student in Computer Science, co-advised by Chris North and Doug Bowman. She is working on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research focused on sensemaking in virtual/augmented reality. Kylie says, "The student council is designed to create a safe and creative learning community among students of all levels and all disciplines." Her goal is to host more student-centered events in the center to help support this growing community. Kylie is always available to chat about new ideas for CHCI; you can find her at the Hack n Yak!
LEVERN CURRIE
Levern Currie is a PhD student in Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE), advised by Rafael Patrick. and her research focuses on Multi-Modal Auditory Perception for Auditory Situational Awareness. Levern is a DoD SMART fellow, CEED Ambassador and New Horizons Peer Mentor. She hopes to utilize her background in Human Factors and HCI to aid in the growth and development of the CHCI Council and beyond. As Vice President, Levern strives to work diligently in her role to further the council as well as leverage her passion for HCI to bring forth new ideas and events.
DANIEL ENRIQUEZ
Outreach Officer
Daniel Enriquez is an MS student in Computer Science, advised by Yalong Yang. He is currently a research assistant, focusing on cross device collaboration to and from Virtual Reality, computers, and smartphone devices. With joining the CHCI student council, Daniel will help HCI reach people outside of the organization via community outreach events such as Hokie for a Day and the Science Festival. Daniel's vision for the council is to grow and showcase the different aspects and unique relationship HCI has on individuals and their lives interacting with computers.
KATHARINA REIS FARINA
Katharina Reis Farina is an MA student and research assistant in the Communication program in the School of Communication. Her interest is making information as accessible as possible for as many people as possible through data visualization, particularly in news. In the role of social media manager, she hopes to continue broadening the scope of CHCI to include even more students from different academic areas.
MD SHAFIQUL ISLAM
Engagement Officer
Shafiqul is a PhD candidate in Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE) and a graduate research assistant with the Occupational Ergonomics and Biomechanics Lab. He is advised by Sol Lim. His primary research interests are in wearable devices, accessible and inclusive system design, and haptic feedback systems. Shafiqul is serving the CHCI student council as an engagement officer. He hopes to bring new and innovative ideas to make CHCI events and the weekly Hack n Yak sessions more exciting and appealing to students.
DANIEL MANESH
Daniel Manesh is a PhD student in the Computer Science department advised by Sang Won Lee. His research interests include HCI and its intersection with Software Engineering and Computer Music. Daniel is excited for the CHCI council to continue to grow and support the HCI community at Virginia Tech. He is looking forward to serving the council by helping out with events and by doing work behind the scenes as treasurer. He's a regular at the weekly Hack 'n Yak – come say hello!
LEONARDO PAVANATTO
Leo Pavanatto is a PhD candidate in Computer Science, working on Virtual and Augmented Reality within the scope of designing 3D User Interfaces. He is advised by Doug Bowman. His specific research interests include how to use augmented reality for improving productivity on real-world tasks. He believes the council should work to empower students through their research, by providing resources and support. Leo is available for chatting about research and industry anytime, stop him during the Hack n Yak and say hi!
SARA SAGHAFI MOGHADDAM
Sara Saghafi Moghaddam is a practicing architect and researcher, pursuing her doctorate in the School of Architecture and Design. Her research focuses on the intersection of virtual reality (VR) and design knowledge in the initial phase of the design process. By joining the student council, she hopes to contribute to promoting a creative and inclusive environment that engages students with different interests in design and technology.
Tony Lee is an undergraduate Industrial & Systems Engineering (ISE) major with a minor in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). He is currently working on numerous virtual reality (VR) UX projects in the Human IMPAC-T Lab, advised by its director, Rafael Patrick. His research focuses on the intersection of virtual reality and human-centered design in efforts to improve user experience. By joining the student council, he hopes to promote the importance of HCI by supporting the CHCI community at Virginia Tech.
MUSKAN GUPTA
Muskan Gupta is an MS student in Computer Science advised by Sang Won Lee. She is currently investigating perceptions of trigger/content warnings on social media. Her research interests lie in social computing, specifically digital mental health and computer-mediated empathy. Her overall mission is to contribute to making tech more inclusive and equitable. By joining the council, she wants to foster an active interdisciplinary community in HCI and be of help to students, like her past self, who are interested in HCI but do not know where to start. Muskan is available to chat on anything HCI/UX during Hack 'n Yak!
MERNA KHAMIS
Merna Khamis is an undergraduate Computer Science major with a Human-Computer Interaction minor. She is interested in research related to diversity in computing. Merna likes being part of an organization that serves students from different majors and backgrounds but has the same interests in HCI. She states, "My vision for the council is to be a place for students to see the importance of human-computer interaction and how it is related to most majors that we know, not only to computer-related ones, and to see how our differences can serve our community."
TIANZHI HE
Tianzhi He is a PhD student in Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) also pursuing an MS in Computer Science. He is advised by Farrokh Jazizadeh, director of the Inform Lab. Tianzhi's research interests include human-building interaction in the smart building environment, the development of ambient intelligence, proactive actions, and the nudging of voice-based virtual assistants (e.g., Alexa, Google Assistants). In joining the CHCI student council, he wants to communicate with students from different backgrounds with varied research interests in HCI. He also wants to serve the community and help foster a creative environment. Everyone is welcome to chat with him about anything at Hack n Yak!
ANIRUDH MORE
Anirudh More is a PhD student in Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE). He is advised by Nathan Lau, director of the VACSE lab. His research interests include human-centered interface design, product design and developing metrics for performance evaluation. He is excited to interact with students from varying backgrounds and perspectives and hopes to contribute to a creative and inclusive environment. Stop and chat with him about anything and everything during Hack 'n Yak!
Home | News | Research | About CHCI | Education | People | Programs | Workshops
The Center for Human-Computer Interaction is a center within the Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology at Virginia Tech


While the rest of the House provides food for thought, Kafe Oslo provides nourishment for the body! The café serves unpretentious food, ranging from small snacks to a full three-course meal. The café also provides catering for the rest of the house. At the far end of the café, you find the lounge called LesBar, with a wide selection of journals and newspapers. Here you are not required to order food.
All food and beverages consumed at the House of Literature must take place at the café. For menus for groups, conferences, meetings, and parties, please contact Kafe Oslo at: post@kafeoslo.no / 21 54 85 71 / www.kafeoslo.no. The kitchen closes at 22.00 Mondays-Saturdays and 18.00 on Sundays.
For catering at private events on the house, please contact: utleie@litteraturhuset.no for availability and bookings.
Four times a year, famous bookworms and authors come to cook at Kafe Oslo. The guest chefs share their favourite dishes, and is present during the course of the evening for food or book related conversations.