text:
\section{Introduction}

The entropy of a discrete random variable $X\in \mathbb{R}^d$ with countable support $\{x_1,x_2,...\}$ and $p_i=\mathbb{P}(X=x_i)$ is defined to be
$$H(X)=-\sum\limits_{i}p_i\log p_i,$$
and the (differential) entropy of a continuous random variable $Y\in \mathbb{R}^d$ with probability density function $f(y)$ is defined as
$$H(Y)=-\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}f(y)\log f(y)dy.$$

If $d\ge 2$, $H(X)$ or $H(Y)$ is also called the joint entropy of the components in $X$ or $Y$. Entropy is a measure of distribution uncertainty and naturally it has application in the fields of information theory, statistical classification, pattern recognition and so on.

 Let $P_{X}$, $P_{Y}$ be probability measures on some arbitrary measure spaces $\mathcal{X}$  and  $\mathcal{Y}$ respectively. Let $P_{XY}$ be the joint probability measure on the space $\mathcal{X}\times \mathcal{Y}$.  If  $P_{XY}$ is absolutely continuous with respect to the product measure $P_X\times P_Y$, let $\frac{dP_{XY}}{d(P_X\times P_Y)}$ be the Radon-Nikodym derivative. Then the general definition of  the mutual information (e.g.,  \cite{Gao}) is given by
 \begin{equation}\label{MIdef}
 I(X,Y)=\int _{\mathcal{X}\times \mathcal{Y}}dP_{XY}\log \frac{dP_{XY}}{d(P_X\times P_Y)}.
 \end{equation}
If two random variables $X$ and $Y$ are either both discrete or both continuous then the mutual information of $X$ and $Y$ can be  expressed in terms of entropies as
\begin{equation}\label{3H}
I(X,Y)=H(X)+H(Y)-H(X,Y).
\end{equation}

However, in practice and application, we often need to work on a mixture of continuous and discrete random variables. There are several ways for the mixture. 1). One random variable $X$ is discrete and the other random variable $Y$ is continuous; 2). A random variable $Z$ has both discrete and continuous components, i.e., $Z=X$ with probability $p$ and $Z=Y$ with probability $1-p,$ where $0<p<1$, $X$ is a  discrete random variable and $Y$ is a continuous random variable; 3). a random vector with each dimension component being discrete, continuous or mixture as in 2).

In \cite{Nair}, the authors extend the definition of the joint entropy for the first case mixture, i.e., for the pair of random variables, where the first random variable is discrete and the second one is continuous.
Our goal is to study the mutual information for that case
and provide the estimation of the mutual information from a given i.i.d. sample $\{X_i,Y_i\}_{i=1}^N$.

In \cite{Gao}, the authors applied the $k$-nearest neighbor method to estimate the Radon-Nikodym derivative and, therefore, to estimate the mutual information for all three mixed cases.
In the literature,  if the random variables $X$ and $Y$ are either both discrete or both continuous, the estimation of mutual information is usually performed by the estimation of the three entropies in (\ref{3H}). The estimation of a differential entropy has been well studied. An incomplete list of the related research includes the nearest-neighbor estimator
\cite{KL},
\cite{Tv},
\cite{LPS};   the kernel estimator
\cite{AL},
\cite{Joe},
\cite{Hall1},
\cite{Hall} and  the orthogonal projection estimator
\cite{L1}, \cite{L2}.
 Basharin \cite{Basharin} studied the plug-in entropy estimator for the finite value discrete case and obtained the mean, the variance and the central limit theorem of this estimator. Vu, Yu and Kass \cite{VYK} studied the coverage-adjusted entropy estimator with unobserved values for the infinite value discrete case.

\section{Main results}

 Consider a random vector $Z = (X, Y)$. We call $Z$
a mixed-pair if $X\in \mathbb{R}$ is a discrete random variable with countable support $\mathcal{X}=\{x_1,x_2,...\}$ while $Y\in \mathbb{R}^d$ is a continuous random variable. Observe that $Z = (X, Y)$ induces measures $\{\mu_1, \mu_2, \cdots\}$ that are absolutely continuous with respect to
the Lebesgue measure, where $\mu_i(A) = \mathbb{P}(X = x_i, Y \in A)$, for every Borel set $A$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$.
There  exists a non-negative function $g(x, y)$ with $h(x):=\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}g(x,y)dy$ be the probability mass function on $\mathcal{X}$ and $f(y):=\sum_i g_i(y)$ be the marginal density function of $Y$. Here,  $g_i(y)=g(x_i,y)$, $ i\in \mathbb{N}$. In particular, denote $p_i=h(x_i), i\in \mathbb{N}$. We have that $$f_i(y)=\frac{1}{p_i}g_i(y)$$ is the probability density function of $Y$ conditioned on $X = x_i$. In \cite{Nair}, the authors gave the following regulation of mixed-pair and then defined the joint entropy of a mixed-pair.

\begin{definition} (Good mixed-pair). A mixed-pair random variables $Z = (X, Y )$ is called good if the following
condition is satisfied: $$\int_{\mathcal{X}\times\mathbb{R}^d}|g(x, y)\log g(x,y)|dxdy=\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}|g_i(y)\log g_i(y)|dy<\infty.$$
\end{definition}

Essentially, we have a good mixed-pair random variables when restricted to any of the $X$ values, the conditional differential entropy of $Y$ is well-defined.

\begin{definition} (Entropy of a mixed-pair). The entropy of a good mixed-pair random variable is defined by
$$H(Z)=-\int_{\mathcal{X}\times\mathbb{R}^d}g(x, y)\log g(x, y)dxdy=-\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}g_i(y)\log g_i(y)dy.$$
\end{definition}

As $g_i(y)=p_if_i(y)$ then we have that

\begin{equation}\label{entropy}
\begin{split}
&H(Z)= -\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}g_i(y)\log g_i(y)dy \\
&=-\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}p_if_i(y)\log p_if_i(y)dy\\
&= -\sum\limits_{i}p_i\log p_i\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}f_i(y)dy-\sum\limits_{i}p_i\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}f_i(y)\log f_i(y)dy \\
&= -\sum\limits_{i}p_i\log p_i-\sum\limits_{i}p_i\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}f_i(y)\log f_i(y)dy\\
&=H(X)+\sum\limits_{i}p_iH(Y|X=x_i).
\end{split}
\end{equation}

We take the convention $\log 0=0$ and $\log 0/0=0$. From the general formula of the mutual information (\ref{MIdef}),  we get that
\begin{equation}\label{mutual}
\begin{split}
&I(X,Y)=\int_{\mathcal{X}\times \mathbb{R}^d}g(x, y)\log \frac{g(x, y)dxdy}{h(x)f(y)dxdy}dxdy \\
&=\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}g_i(y)\log \frac{g_i(y)}{p_if(y)}dy \\
&=\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} g_i(y)\log g_i(y)dy-\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} g_i(y)\log p_idy-\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} g_i(y)\log f(y)dy\\
&=\sum\limits_{i}\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} p_if_i(y)\log [p_if_i(y)]dy-\sum\limits_{i}p_i\log p_i\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} f_i(y)dy-\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} f(y)\log f(y)dy\\
&=\sum\limits_{i}p_i\log p_i\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} f_i(y)dy+\sum\limits_{i}p_i\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} f_i(y)\log f_i(y)dy-\sum\limits_{i}p_i\log p_i-\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} f(y)\log f(y)dy\\
&=-H(Z)+H(X)+H(Y)=H(Y)-\sum\limits_{i}p_iH(Y|X=x_i):=H(Y)-\sum_i I_i.
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Let $(X,Y), (X_1,Y_1),...,(X_N,Y_N)$ be a random sample drawn from a mixed distribution with discrete component having support $\{0,1, \cdots, m\}$, and let $p_i=\mathbb{P}(X=i)$, $0\le i\le m$ with $0<p_i<1, \sum p_i=1$. Also suppose that the continuous component has pdf $f(y)$. Denote $\hat{p}_i=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}\mathbb{I}(X_k=i)/N$, $0\le i\le m,$ and let
\begin{equation}\label{Ibar0}
\begin{split}
&\bar{I}_i = -\hat{p}_i\bigg[N\hat{p}_i\bigg]^{-1}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}\mathbb{I}(X_k=i)\log f_i(Y_k) \\
&= -N^{-1}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}\mathbb{I}(X_k=i)\log f_i(Y_k)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}\label{Hbar}
\begin{split}
&\bar{H}(Y) = - N^{-1}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}\log f(Y_k)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
be  the estimators of $I_i=p_iH(Y|X=i)$, $0\le i\le m$, and $H(Y)$ respectively, where $f_i(y)$ is the probability density function of $Y$ conditioned on $X = i$, $0\le i\le m$. Denote $a=(1,-1,\cdots, -1)^\intercal$. Let  $\Sigma$
be the covariance matrix of $(\log f(Y), \mathbb{I}(X=0)\log f_0(Y), \cdots,\mathbb{I}(X=m)\log f_m(Y))^\intercal$.
\begin{theorem}\label{thm1}
$a^\intercal\Sigma a>0 $ if and only if $X$ and $Y$ are dependent.
For the estimator
\begin{equation}\label{muestimator}
\bar{I}(X,Y)=\bar{H}-\sum_{i=0}^m\bar{I}_i
\end{equation}
of $I(X,Y)$ we have that
\begin{equation}\label{clt1}
\sqrt{N}(\bar{I}(X,Y)-I(X,Y))\to N(0,a^\intercal\Sigma a)
\end{equation}
given that $X$ and $Y$ are dependent.
Furthermore, the variance $a^\intercal\Sigma a$ can be calculated by
\begin{equation}\label{sigma}
\begin{split}
& a^\intercal\Sigma a= var\big(\log f(Y)\big)+\sum_{i=0}^m p_i E_i[\log f_i(Y)]^2-\sum_{i=0}^m p_i^2\big(E_i[\log f_i(Y)]\big)^2\\
&-2 \sum_{i=0}^m p_i[E_i\log f_i(Y)\log f(Y)-E_i\log f_i(Y) E\log f(Y)]\\
&-2\sum_{0\le i<j\le m}p_ip_j[E_i\log f_i(Y)][E_j\log f_j(Y)],
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $E_i$ is the conditional expectation of $Y$ given $X=i, 0\le i\le m$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
First of all, $a^\intercal\Sigma a\ge 0$ since $\Sigma$ is the variance covariance matrix. If $a^\intercal\Sigma a=0$ then
\begin{equation*}
var\left(\log f(Y)-\sum_{i=0}^m \mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)\right)=a^\intercal\Sigma a=0
\end{equation*}
and  $\log f(Y)-\sum_{i=0}^m \mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)\equiv C$  for some constant $C$.  But
\begin{equation*}
\log f(Y)-\sum_{i=0}^m \mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)
=\sum_{i=0}^m \mathbb{I}(X=i)\log \frac{f(Y)}{f_i(Y)}.
\end{equation*}
Hence $\log \frac{f(Y)}{f_i(Y)}\equiv C$. Then  $f_i(y)=cf(y)$ for some constant $c>0$ and for all $0\le i\le m$. But
$f(y)=\sum_{i=0}^m p_if_i(y)=cf(y)\sum_{i=0}^m p_i=cf(y)$. Hence, $c\equiv 1$ and  $f_i(y)=f(y)$ for all $0\le i\le m$. Then $X$ and $Y$ are independent.
On the other hand, if $X$ and $Y$ are independent, then $f_i(y)=f(y)$  for all $0\le i\le m$. Therefore, $\log f(Y)-\sum_{i=0}^m \mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)=0$ and $a^\intercal\Sigma a=0$. Hence, $a^\intercal\Sigma a=0$ if and only if $X$ and $Y$ are independent.

Notice that the vector $(\bar{H}(Y), \bar{I}_0,\cdots, \bar{I}_m)^\intercal$ is the sample mean of a sequence of i.i.d. random vectors $$\left\{(\log f(Y_k), \mathbb{I}(X_k=0)\log f_0(Y_k), \cdots, \mathbb{I}(X_k=m)\log f_m(Y_k))^\intercal\right\}_{k=1}^N$$ with mean $(H(Y), I_0,\cdots, I_m)^\intercal$. Then, by central limit theorem,  we have
$$\sqrt{N}\left (\begin{pmatrix} \bar{H} \\ \bar{I}_0 \\ \vdots\\ \bar{I}_m\end{pmatrix}-\begin{pmatrix} H \\ I_0 \\ \vdots\\ I_m\end{pmatrix}\right )\to N( \bar{0},\Sigma ),$$
and, given $a^\intercal\Sigma a>0$, we have (\ref{clt1}).
By the formula for variance decomposition, we have
\begin{eqnarray}\label{varI0}
\begin{split}
&var\big(\mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)\big)\\
&= E\big\{var[\mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)|X]\big\}+var\big\{E[\mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y)|X]\big\}\\
&= E\big\{\mathbb{I}(X=i) var[\log f_i(Y)|X]\big\}+var\big\{\mathbb{I}(X=i)E[\log f_i(Y)|X]\big\}\\
&= E\big\{\mathbb{I}(X=i) \sum_{j=0}^m var_j(\log f_j(Y))\mathbb{I}(X=j)\big\}\\
&\;\;\;\;+var\big\{\mathbb{I}(X=i)\sum_{j=0}^m E_j(\log f_j(Y))\mathbb{I}(X=j)\big\}\\
&= var_i[\log f_i(Y)] E\big\{\mathbb{I}(X=i) \big\}+\big(E_i[\log f_i(Y)]\big)^2var\big\{\mathbb{I}(X=i)\big\}\\
&= p_i var_i[\log f_i(Y)]+(p_i-p_i^2)\big(E_i[\log f_i(Y)]\big)^2\\
&=p_i E_i[\log f_i(Y)]^2-p_i^2\big(E_i[\log f_i(Y)]\big)^2,
\end{split}
\end{eqnarray}
$0\le i\le m$. Here $var_i$ is the conditional variance of $Y$ when $X=i, 0\le i\le m$.
By similar calculation,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{cov1}
\begin{split}
&Cov\bigg(\mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y),\mathbb{I}(X=j)\log f_j(Y)\bigg)\\
&=-p_ip_j[E_i\log f_i(Y)][E_j\log f_j(Y)],
\end{split}
\end{eqnarray}
for all $0\le i<j\le m$, and
\begin{equation}\label{cov2}
\begin{split}
&Cov\bigg(\mathbb{I}(X=i)\log f_i(Y),\log f(Y)\bigg)\\
&=p_i[E_i\log f_i(Y)\log f(Y)-E_i\log f_i(Y) E\log f(Y)].
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Thus, the covariance matrix $\Sigma$
of $(\log f(Y), \mathbb{I}(X=0)\log f_0(Y), \cdots,\mathbb{I}(X=m)\log f_m(Y))^\intercal$ and therefore $a^\intercal\Sigma a$ can be calculated by the above calculation (\ref{varI0})-(\ref{cov2}). We then have (\ref{sigma}).
\end{proof}

We consider the case when the random variables $X$ and $Y$ are dependent. Note that in this case $a^\intercal\Sigma a>0$ and we have \eqref{clt1}.
However, $\bar{I}(X,Y)$ is not a practical estimator since the density functions involved are not known.

Now let $K(\cdot)$ be a kernel function in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and let $h$ be the bandwidth. Then
$$\hat{f}_{ik}(y)=\bigg\{(N\hat{p}_i-1)h^d\bigg\}^{-1}\sum\limits_{j\neq k}\mathbb{I}(X_j=i)K\{(y-Y_j)/h\}$$
are the ``leave-one-out" estimators of the functions $f_i$, $0\le i\le m$, and
\begin{equation}\label{Ihat0}
\begin{split}
&\hat{I}_i=- N^{-1}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}\mathbb{I}(X_k=i)\log \hat{f}_{ik}(Y_k) \\
\end{split}
\end{equation}
are estimators of $I_i=p_iH(Y|X=i)$, $0\le i\le m$. Also
\begin{equation}\label{Hhat}
\begin{split}
&\hat{H}=- N^{-1}\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}\log \hat{f}_k(Y_k) \\
\end{split}
\end{equation}
is an estimator of $H(Y)$, where
\begin{equation}\label{fhat}
\begin{split}
&\hat{f}_k(y)=\bigg\{(N-1)h^d\bigg\}^{-1}\sum\limits_{j\neq k}K\{(y-Y_j)/h\} \\
&=\bigg\{(N-1)h^d\bigg\}^{-1}\sum\limits_{j\neq k}[\sum_{i=0}^m\mathbb{I}(X_k=i)]K\{(y-Y_j)/h\}\\
&= \sum_{i=0}^m\frac{N\hat{p}_i-1}{N-1}\hat{f}_{ik}(y).
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\begin{theorem}
Assume that the tails of $f_0, \cdots, f_m$ are decreasing like $|x|^{-\alpha_0}, \cdots, |x|^{-\alpha_m}$ , respectively, as $|x|\to\infty$.
Also assume that the kernel function has appropriately heavy tails  as in  \cite{Hall1}. If $h=o(N^{-1/8})$ and $\alpha_0\cdots, \alpha_m$ are all greater than $7/3$ in the case $d=1$, greater than $6$ in the case $d=2$ and greater than $15$ in the case $d=3$, then for the estimator
\begin{equation}\label{Ihat}
\hat{I}(X,Y)=\hat{H}-\sum_{i=0}^m\hat{I}_i,
\end{equation}
we have
\begin{equation}\label{clt2}
\sqrt{N}(\hat{I}(X,Y)-I(X,Y))\to N(0,a^\intercal\Sigma a).
\end{equation}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Under the conditions in the theorem,  applying the formula (3.1) or (3.2) from \cite{Hall}, we have
 $$\hat{H}=\bar{H}+o(N^{-1/2}), \quad \hat{I}_0=\bar{I}_0+o(N^{-1/2}), \cdots, \quad  \hat{I}_m=\bar{I}_m+o(N^{-1/2}).$$
Together with Theorem \ref{thm1}, we have (\ref{clt2}).
\end{proof}

We may take the probability density function of Student-$t$ distribution with proper degree of freedom instead of the normal density function as the kernel function. On the other hand,
if $X$ and $Y$ are independent then $I(X,Y)=\bar{I}(X,Y)=0$ and we have that $\hat{I}(X,Y)=o(N^{-1/2})$.

\section{Simulation study}
In this section we conduct a simulation study with $m=1$, i.e., the random variable $X$ takes two possible values 0 and 1, to confirm the main results stated in (\ref{clt2}) for the kernel mutual information estimation of good mixed-pairs. First we study some one dimensional examples. Let $t(\nu, \mu, \sigma)$ be the Student t distribution with degree of freedom $\nu$, location parameter $\mu$ and scale parameter $\sigma$ and let $pareto(x_m, \alpha)$ be the Pareto distribution with density function $f(x)=\alpha x_m^\alpha x^{-(\alpha+1)}\mathbb{I}(x\ge x_m)$.  We study the mixture for the following four cases: 1). $t(3, 0, 1)$ and $t(12, 0, 1)$;   2).  $t(3, 0, 1)$ and $t(3, 2, 1)$;  3). $t(3, 0, 1)$ and $t(3, 0, 3)$; 4). $pareto(1,2)$ and $pareto(1,10)$. For each case, $p_0=0.3$ for the first distribution and $p_1=0.7$ for the second distribution.

The second row of Table \ref{tab}  lists the mathematica calculation of the mutual information (MI) as stated in (\ref{mutual})  for each case. The third row of Table \ref{tab} gives the average of 400 estimates based on formula (\ref{Ihat}). For each estimate, we use the probability density function of the Student t distribution with degree of freedom 3, i.e. $t(3, 0, 1)$, as the kernel function. We also have simulation study with kernel functions satisfying the conditions in the main results and obtained similar results. We take $h=N^{-1/5}$ as the bandwidth for the first three cases and $h=N^{-1/5}/24$ for the last case. The data size for each estimate is $N=50,000$ in each case. The Pareto distributions $pareto(1,2)$ and $pareto(1,10)$ have very dense area on the right of 1. This is the reason that we take a relatively small bandwidth for this case. To apply the kernel method in estimation, one should select an optimal bandwidth based on some criteria, for example, to minimize the mean squared error.  It is interesting to investigate the bandwidth selection problem from both theoretical and application viewpoints. However, it seems that the study in this direction is very difficult. We leave it as an open question for future study. It is clear that the average of the estimates matches the true value of mutual information.

We apply mathematica to calculate the covariance matrix $\Sigma$
of
$$(\log f(Y), \mathbb{I}(X=0)\log f_0(Y),\mathbb{I}(X=1)\log f_1(Y))^\intercal$$
 and, therefore, the value of $a^\intercal \Sigma a$ for each case by formulae  (\ref{varI0})-(\ref{cov2}) or (\ref{sigma}). The values of $a^\intercal \Sigma a$ are $0.02189236$, $0.3092179$, $0.1540501$ and $0.2748102$ respectively for the four cases.
The fourth row of Table \ref{tab} lists the values of $(a^\intercal \Sigma a/N)^{1/2}$ which serves as the asymptotic approximation of the standard deviation of the estimator $\hat{I}(X,Y)$ in the central limit theorem (\ref{clt2}). The last row gives the sample standard deviation from $M=400$ estimates. These two values also have good match.
 \begin{table}[H
\center
\bigskip
\begin{tabular}{|l |c|c|c|c|c}
\hline\hline
\;\;mixture   &$t(3, 0, 1)$    &$t(3, 0, 1)$   &  $t(3, 0, 1)$  &  $pareto(1,2)$ \\
                   &$t(12, 0, 1)$  &$t(3, 2, 1)$   & $t(3, 0, 3)$   & $pareto(1,10)$\\
\hline

\;\;MI           & 0.011819 & 0.20023 & 0.102063 & 0.201123\\
\hline

\;\;mean of estimates & 0.01167391 & 0.1991132 & 0.1014199 & 0.2010447\\
\hline

\;\;$(a^\intercal\Sigma a/N)^{1/2}$   & 0.0006617 & 0.0025 & 0.0018 & 0.0023\\
\hline

\;\;sample sd          & 0.0006616724 & 0.002345997 & 0.001819982 & 0.002349275\\

\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{ True value of the mutual information and the mean value of the estimates.}
\label{tab}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{t3t12hist.pdf} &
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{t3t3shift2hist.pdf}\vspace{-3cm}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{t33t3hist.pdf} &
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{paretohist.pdf}\vspace{-1cm}\\
\end{tabular
\caption {The histograms with kernel density fits of $M=400$ estimates. Top left: $t(3,0,1)$ and $t(12,0,1)$. Top right: $t(3,0,1)$ and $t(3,2,1)$.
Bottom left: $t(3,0,1)$ and $t(3,0,3)$. Bottom right: $pareto(1,2)$ and $pareto(1,10)$. \label{fig:1}}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{t3t12qq.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{t3t3shift2qq.pdf}\vspace{-3cm}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{t33t3qq.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{paretoqq.pdf}
\end{tabular
\caption {The Q-Q plots of $M=400$ estimates. Top left: $t(3,0,1)$ and $t(12,0,1)$. Top right: $t(3,0,1)$ and $t(3,2,1)$.
Bottom left: $t(3,0,1)$ and $t(3,0,3)$. Bottom right: $pareto(1,2)$ and $pareto(1,10)$.\label{fig:2}}
\end{figure}

 Figure \ref{fig:1} and \ref{fig:2} show the histograms with kernel density fits and normal Q-Q plots of 400 estimates for each case. It is clear that the values of $\hat{I}(X,Y)$ follow a normal distribution.

We study two examples in the two dimensional case. Let $t_\nu(\mu,\Sigma_0)$ be the two dimensional Student t distribution with degree of freedom $\nu$, mean $\mu$ and shape matrix $\Sigma_0$. We study the mixture in two cases: 1). $t_5(0, I)$ and $t_{25}(0, I)$;   2).  $t_5(0, I)$ and $t_5(0, 3I)$. Here $I$ is the identity matrix. For each case, $p_0=0.3$ for the first distribution and $p_1=0.7$ for the second distribution. Table \ref{tab2} summarizes $200$ estimates of the mutual information with $h=N^{-1/5}$ and sample size $N=50,000$ for each estimate.  We take $t_3(0,I)$ as the kernel function. Same as the one dimensional case, we apply mathematica to calculate the true value of MI and $(a^\intercal\Sigma a/N)^{1/2}$ which is given in formula (\ref{sigma}).  Figure \ref{fig:3} shows the histograms with kernel density fits and normal Q-Q plots of 200 estimates for each example. It is clear that the values of $\hat{I}(X,Y)$ also follow a normal distribution in the two dimensional case. In summary, the simulation study confirms the central limit theorem as stated in (\ref{clt2}).

 \begin{table}[H
\center
\bigskip
\begin{tabular}{|l |c|c|c}
\hline\hline
\;\;mixture   &$t_5(0, I)$    &$t_5(0, I)$    \\
                   &$t_{25}(0, I)$  &$t_5(0, 3I)$   \\
\hline

\;\;MI           & 0.01158 & 0.202516 \\
\hline

\;\;mean of estimates & 0.0112381 & 0.2022715 \\
\hline

\;\;$(a^\intercal\Sigma a/N)^{1/2}$   & 0.0006577826 & 0.002312909 \\
\hline

\;\;sample sd          & 0.0008356947 & 0.002315134 \\

\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{ True value of the mutual information and the mean value of the estimates.}
\label{tab2}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{2dt5t25hist.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{2dt5_3t5hist.pdf}\vspace{-3cm}\\
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{2dt5t25qq.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{2dt5_3t5qq.pdf}
\end{tabular}\vspace{-1.5cm}
\caption {The histograms and Q-Q plots of $M=200$ estimates.  Left: $t_5(0, I)$ and $t_{25}(0, I)$.   Right:  $t_5(0, I)$ and $t_5(0, 3I)$. \label{fig:3}}
\end{figure}

\noindent \textbf{Acknowledgement}\\

The authors thank the editor and the referees for carefully reading the manuscript and for the suggestions that improved the presentation. This research is supported by the College of Liberal Arts
Faculty Grants for Research and Creative Achievement at the University of Mississippi. The research of Hailin Sang is also supported by the Simons Foundation Grant 586789.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
000897 Svetovidov, A.N.,1964 Handbook of the fauna of the USSR, fishes of the Black Sea. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 550 p.
002058 Berg, L.S.,1965 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). 167-168
004345 Miller, P.J.,1979 Gobiidae. p. 483-515. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. 505
004517 Hureau, J.-C.,1991 La base de données GICIM : Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
004696 Miller, P.J.,1986 Gobiidae. p. 1019-1085. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. 1065
013696 Kottelat, M.,1997 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. 179
026334 Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov,1997 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. 720
036508 Hilton-Taylor, C.,2000 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM).
037297 Mikhov, S.,2000 Checklist of fishes of Bulgaria. FishBase checklist modified by Stoyan Mikhov.
038732 Anonymous,2001 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes.
041476 Deval, M.C.,2002 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. 27
045043 Bogutskaya, N.G.,2002 Common names of Russian freshwater fishes. Spreadsheet with cyrillic names made available for inclusion in FishBase. Unpublished.
045714 Salekhova, L.P., N.S. Kostenko, T.A. Bogachick and O.N. Minibaeva,1988 Composition of ichthyofauna in the region of the Karadag State Reserve (Black Sea). J. Ichthyol. 28(2):16-23. 20
050519 Reshetnikov, Y.S.,2003 Atlas of Russian freshwater fishes, Vol. 2. Moscow Nauka. 126
051024 Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.),1979 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. 367
051086 Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström,2004 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry.
057855 Bilecenoglu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya,2002 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa (113):1-194. 134
058296 Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka,2002 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Kuban River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS.
058342 Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari,2007 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. 123
059043 Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof,2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. 583
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Still no word on Oberon's legal action at this point in time. The Oberon Anti Amalgamation Group along with several other groups in various council areas, held a simultaneous "Maintain the Rage" rally last Saturday. Despite the inclement weather the rally was well attended. Calare Candidates for the upcoming Federal Election, Dr Jess Jennings (Country Labour), Delanie Sky (Greens), Rod Bloomfield (NXT) and Anthony Craig (Ind) attended to lend their support. Andrew Gee (Nat) and NSW Greens Senator David Shoebridge sent apologies, they were attending rallies in their own electorates. I have been advised that our Local State Member the Hon Paul Toole unfortunately did not respond to the invitation to attend.
Submissions in relation to the operational/delivery plan for 2016/17 are due June 28 at 4pm. After a well-supported community consultation initiative we look forward to receiving many comments, we are particularly seeking input on future plans for the Oberon Common and projects in our villages.
The Rural Women's network are calling for nominations for the 2016 Hidden Treasures Honour Roll, the Honour Roll acknowledges the work of female volunteers in our local communities whether it involves local groups or charities, emergency services, arts or the environment etc. The 2016 Honour Roll will be launched at the Rural Women's Gathering to be held this year in Broken Hill in Oct. Rural Women contribute much to the social fabric of Rural/Regional areas and often remain unacknowledged so If you know of a deserving nominee – and I am certain there are many in our LGA, please take the time to talk to me about this. I can be contacted either through council or directly on 0428 543 693.
If you experiencing difficulties managing media such as IPad's, mobile phones etc. you can always pop into the CTC in Ross St and speak to Julie or Shane. For a small fee of $5 advice and assistance is available. This service especially for the more senior members of the community who would like to use Facebook, Twitter and Instagram etc. is very helpful. Even tasks like uploading photos putting together a slide show or photo editing can be easy once explained.
Just over one week to go before you are required by law to cast your vote in the Federal Election on July 2. Most find voting a chore rather than a democratic privilege but remember "your vote is your power".
I therefore encourage you to think carefully about how you place that vote.
Well done to Oberon RSL Women's Bowling Club in hosting their Charity Bowls Day last week raising over $600 for "Can Assist" and the Oberon girls even won the day, so a nice bonus there.
Don't forget Tarana Markets on Sunday June 26. Surely the sun will be back for this event!!
Lots of great activities coming up in town for the School Holidays, including a Games Clinic at the Oberon Tennis Centre with excursions and craft hosted by the Oberon Library. For further particulars please contact these venues.


text:
INTERVIEW: They're strutting around with their chests out
Paul Murray on the recent good form
Andy Hall
@officialcufc
United take their current unbeaten run to Northampton at the weekend looking to move it one step further and equal a record set back in 2006 when the club was also riding high in League Two.
Speaking about the excellent run, joint caretaker manager Paul Murray said: "Things are going really well so it's a great time to be involved at the club.
"The team were playing well anyway, so myself and Tommy [Wright] have just continued doing things the same way since Shez left. Basically there's a feel-good factor around the place, from top to bottom, from Bill in the car park to the directors. Everyone is just happy and buzzing at the moment."
"Obviously there are little things we'll change, but the fact is that everything has been going well," he continued. "There's nothing major needed, just a couple of little tweaks, because the lads have performed magnificently.
"A lot of it is down to them because we only give them certain things to look at. It's up to them to go out and do it. The response was brilliant from them for the Mansfield game.
"When we took the meeting before the game we spoke about how they were 17 unbeaten and how they'd only lost one away from home. But we were the form team and we kept that up on Saturday.
"It was a fantastic win with some excellent goals and some brilliant passing and movement. I think it was good for everybody to see us play like that and it kept things on a high."
"All we're doing is continuing the good work that's been done," he continued. "I actually thought the lads went to a new level football wise on Saturday.
"The way they played was really good to see. They're strutting around with their chests out, so the job is so simple for us at the moment. We just need to prepare them to keep doing it.
"Coaching a group of players who are full of this much confidence is pretty simple. I've been managing and coaching different age groups over the last three years, but they're all human beings at the end of the day, whatever age they are.
"When they're in that confident mood it's pretty easy because you hope they'll make the right decisions, which is what we saw on Saturday. Some of the football we played was brilliant, so long may that continue. We won't let them get too cocky, but at the moment we don't have to give them too much input because they're all in a good place exactly as they are."
"We'll continue to take each game as it comes, which is what we've been doing all season," he commented. "It would be a fantastic feat if we were able to go down to Northampton and make it seven wins on the bounce, which I think equals a club record.
"We put a stop to Mansfield's unbeaten run and I'm sure that's what other teams will be trying to do to us now. We want to get to seven wins, it's good for the club and it would also be good for the players, because I'm not sure how many of them will have won seven games in a row before in their careers.
"Eventually the run will end, no doubt, but if you lose one game you can't then go on and lose two or three on the bounce. You've got to make sure you pick up a result quickly. The lads are in a really good place, the momentum and enthusiasm everyone has got is massive, and we still think there's a bit more to come."
INTERVIEW: It's all about results, and we're on a good run
The arrival of Connor Simpson from Preston on Wednesday confirmed that recruitment is ongoing as the club looks to bolster the squad with some important games to come.
"We sit together with David [Holdsworth] in the office every morning to talk about different things," he explained. "We're always talking and speaking about future targets, and we have one through the door, so we'll see if any more come along.
"Connor was a youngster at Hartlepool who made a few headlines when he was there. When he was with Hartlepool he was one who was mentioned as being a player to look out for within their academy.
"We know a bit about him and, with his height and size, it gives us an option to use him as a bit of a target man. He's a good addition to the squad. We're playing good passing football, and long may that continue, but he can fit into that or he can give us that focal point style of approach."
"Other things are ongoing as well," he said. "The Nadesan situation is one of them, and it's a good thing that it's still alive. It's the same with Sowerby and Yates, and it would be fantastic if we could keep all of these lads again.
"We know Nadesan will be hard to replace, if he doesn't come back. It'll be difficult because the stats prove how important he's been for us. Towards the end he was in excellent form out on the right. I'm sure whoever gets the opportunity to play at Northampton will give it their all.
"Like I say, Jerry Yates might be back, we don't know, because that situation is also ongoing. If these lads don't come back all you can say to whoever does get the opportunity is that they need to take it."
MANAGER: One or two I'm willing to wait on
There are now just ten days left of the transfer window, and boss Keith Millen admitted that he was relaxed about adopting a more relaxed approach over the course of the last week or so.
MANAGER: It looks like he'll be out for while
The Thursday afternoon pre-Forest Green press conference gave United boss Keith Millen the opportunity to provide an update on defender Kelvin Mellor, who left the field of play during the first half...


Now in stock we have our CB Cigar Box coffee roasted exclusively for us by Island Roast Coffee on Pleasure Island. It's the perfect accompaniment to a fine cigar.
Island Roast Coffee is Pleasure Island, North Carolina's first and only small batch artisan coffee roastery. We pride ourselves with offering only the finest Arabica bean coffees from around the world. All coffees are roasted in small batches as they are ordered to ensure you get the best tasting coffee available. We also use Fair Trade, Rain Forest Alliance Certified and Certified Organic coffees whenever possible.


One that acts as an agent on your behalf, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or sales.
Independent of alliances; able to offer advice without influence.
© 2019 All Rights Reserved, pbllc.net Preferred Benefits, LLC.


At PLAY 2013, an exciting group comprised of our customers, our partners and other key industry thought leaders gathered in Boston to discuss pressing trends in online video. We're sad that the event is over, and wish that we could relive it over and over again. Thankfully, cameras were rolling throughout the entire event and now we have an opportunity to revisit PLAY 2013 through a vast array of online video assets.
You will notice a navigation bar on the left-hand side of the archive. This tool will allow you to filter the video content by year--in case you would also like to check out video content from PLAY 2011 and 2012-- as well as by session track (keynote, strategy, developer, user and training). Enjoy the trip down PLAY 2013 memory lane, and we hope you'll begin to look forward to the next PLAY event--it's less than a year away.


text:
The Snohomish County Courthouse is a building located in Everett, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is built in Spanish Mission style on the site of a building destroyed in a fire in 1909. The previous court building was completed in 1897 and the same architect (August F Heide) was available to design the rebuilding.

Proposals for extensions and remodeling from the 1940s onwards were generally not implemented, although two wings were added in 1953. A five-story wing was added in 1967, built on the site of the 1908 two-story annex to the north; a similar building was built on the block east of the court complex in 1973. In the early 2000s, grant funding was used to restore the fabric of the original 1911 building to its original appearance, including restoring damaged features. From 2018 to 2021, the 1967 wing underwent a $74.8 million renovation that included the construction of a five-story expansion wing and an additional courtroom.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Snohomish County, Washington

References

1910 establishments in Washington (state)
County courthouses in Washington (state)
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Government buildings completed in 1910
National Register of Historic Places in Everett, Washington

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Joy (2015)
December 29, 2015 January 5, 2016 ~ Nikki Baughan
It's a testament to the strength of his talent and vision that David O'Russell is readily regarded as one of today's greatest filmmakers, despite the fact that he has made just seven films – discounting the disowned Accidental Love – in the past two decades. With topics ranging from the opportunities of war (Three Kings) to blue-collar boxing (The Fighter) and the exquisite art of the con (American Hustle), O'Russell's screenplays demonstrate a colour and eloquence that are expertly serviced by his masterful direction. It's an exemplary body of work that sets a very high bar; one which his latest, screwball drama Joy, struggles to reach.
Hollywood's golden girl and regular O'Russell collaborator Jennifer Lawrence stars as real-life entrepreneur Joy Mangano, a young mother struggling to cope with both her dysfunctional family and mounting debt until her invention of the Miracle Mop turned her life around. It's a fascinating story but, as a film, lacks focus and drive, playing more like creative experiment than finished product.
In his highly-dramatised telling of Mangano's story, O'Russell has weaved elements of the traditional, including fairy-tale narration from Joy's grandmother Mimi (Diane Ladd), and the fantastical. The film is framed by an fictional soap opera, and these OTT elements bleed into the narrative; most notably in the form of Isabella Rossellini as the wonderfully extravagant girlfriend of Joy's father. Intended to convey the haphazard nature of Joy's rags to riches journey, O'Russell never satisfactorily lands the film's tone and, at times, it proves a distraction.
While Lawrence is arguably too young for the role, particularly when the film flashes forward in later years, she is a good fit for such an interesting and inspiring character and embodies Mangano with gusto. Unfortunately, almost everyone else is reduced to caricature, and worst off is Robert De Niro as Joy's clown of a father, whose detrimental influence on his daughter is reduced to a combination of buffoonery and unbelievably selfish soliloquies. Virginia Madsen has more to play with as Joy's needy mother, but has nowhere near enough screen time.
Only Bradley Cooper, as QVC boss Neil Walker, really holds his own against Lawrence, and their scenes at the then-fledgling shopping network are standout moments. The dramatic and artistic choreography at play when Neil is demonstrating the machinations of the channel and, later, when Joy sells her mop on air give glimpses of O'Russell's ambition for the film. In the latter, we finally see Joy stripped of artifice; passionate, articulate and dedicated, she showcases a breathtaking intensity of emotion in which her motivation and drive are finally given centre stage.
UK Theatrical Release Date: January 1, 2016
This review was originally published by The List
Posted in Reviews F-J	Bradley CooperDavid O'RussellDiane LaddfilmIsabella RosselliniJennifer LawrenceJoyMiracle MopQVCreviewRobert De Niro
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text:
Q: how can i run an android mobile application with Genymotion from eclipse? I downloaded a source code of an android mobile application and I installed Genymotion and I configured it on eclipse but when I open the project of my application on eclipce, the moment when I click on the button "run" for the test, it Does not work on the virtual phone. I can't even find the application icon on the Genymotion virtual phone.

A: You have to Add genymotion plugin and also have to give path of the folder where genymotion in Installed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
PAIRIN Wins Contract for My Journey to Deliver Education, Certificate and Labor Market Data Analytics for the State of Florida
Press Release - updated: Jun 24, 2021
DENVER, June 24, 2021 (Newswire.com) - PAIRIN, the workforce journey company, has been selected by the Florida Department of Education to deliver its My Journey(™) platform to provide consistent data on all credentialing programs offered by Florida school districts, Florida technical colleges, Florida College System (FCS) institutions and other Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) eligible providers, so they can make informed decisions regarding policy and resource allocation.
PAIRIN will lead a team of partners including Credential Engine, Qlarion, Research Improving People's Lives and SkillsEngine, to deliver groundbreaking data analytics capabilities through their My Journey platform. The platform will empower policy makers and other selected stakeholders across the state to evaluate Florida's workforce programs' alignment with industry needs, their overall performance, and the programs' ability to accelerate an individual's time to economic self-sufficiency.
The platform will enable more informed and data-driven state-wide funding and policy making, while also laying the foundation to seamlessly integrate state-wide credential data with advanced, multi-generational career and education pathways tools. It will enable professionals to identify gaps and undersupply of in-demand credentials at the local level, track the production of quality credentials and align that production with real time, localized quantitative labor market information -- all in view of allowing all Floridians to better navigate education, training and career planning.
"The partnership with PAIRIN will connect key partners to our critical career, education and credential data, helping them make objective data-driven education and career decisions," said Henry Mack, Chancellor for Career, Technical and Adult Education at the Florida Department of Education. "This work is cutting-edge, and is essential for Governor DeSantis' vision of becoming number one in workforce education by 2030."
"Innovative states, like Florida, are leading our nation's COVID-19 recovery by transforming their education and workforce systems to meet the skill and credential demands of their local employers," said Michael Simpson, chairman and CEO of PAIRIN. "We're thrilled to have been selected for this opportunity and look forward to demonstrating how the My Journey platform can enhance career, education and resource planning across Florida."
The initiative is led by the Florida Department of Education and supported by the Florida Governor's Office, the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity, its workforce board CareerSource Florida, and the Florida Department of Children and Family Services. Together, with PAIRIN and their partners, the team will deliver a dashboard within My Journey to provide quick access to skill, credential and labor market information.
For more information, please visit: https://www.pairin.com/products/my-journey/
About PAIRIN
PAIRIN is a social enterprise company with the mission to make everyone's journey more relevant and equitable by unifying workforce and education. PAIRIN's My Journey platform enables workforce and educational organizations to connect students and clients to services, career guidance, skills development and training through easy-to-implement personalized workflows. PAIRIN was founded in 2012 and is based in Denver, Colorado. For more information, visit www.PAIRIN.com.
About Credential Engine
Credential Engine is a non-profit whose mission is to map the credential landscape with clear and consistent information, fueling the creation of resources that empower people to find the pathways that are best for them. Learn more about Credential Engine at www.credentialengine.org.
About Qlarion
Qlarion, a GCOM company, is a government innovation firm that develops data and analytics solutions for the public sector. By enabling government agencies to use business intelligence to better manage, access, and understand information, Qlarion helps our customers create better outcomes for the people they serve. Learn more at www.qlarion.com.
About Skills Engine
SkillsEngine's mission is to advance shared prosperity by connecting people, educators, and businesses through a shared understanding of skills. Calibrate®, their flagship product, enables educators to validate employer skill requirements so curriculum can be aligned with the skills graduates need to succeed on the job. They also offer data services built on artificial intelligence to translate text about skills into a structured skills language to aid in talent solutions. Learn more at www.skillsengine.com.
About RIPL
Research Improving People's Lives (RIPL) is a nonprofit tech-for-social-impact organization that works with governments to help them use data, science, and technology to improve policy and lives. We work with faculty research affiliates from top research universities across the country to provide powerful, scientific-grade insights at the speed of policy directly to policymakers so that they can positively impact lives, solve pressing social challenges, and build their own capacity to innovate and measure success going forward. Learn more at www.ripl.org.
pairin@matternow.com
Source: PAIRIN
Categories: Educational Technology
Tags: data, education, workforce
PAIRIN Florida Future Press Release w FDOE quote - APPROVED
PAIRIN is a social enterprise software company whose mission is to make education relevant and hiring equitable.
Carli Franks
moc.niriap@sknarfc
PAIRIN
3000 Lawrence St. (#116)
PAIRIN Named One of Built In's Best Places to Work for 2022 for the Third Time
PAIRIN - Jan 11, 2023
PAIRIN Announces Acquisition of Advanced Case Management and Multi-Agency Data Integration System, CommunityPro Suite From LiteracyPro Systems
Acquisition will create the most user-friendly, data-integrated workforce management system available for states and municipalities
PAIRIN - Apr 6, 2021
PAIRIN Announces Open Pathways Alliance to Implement Open Credential and Skills Data to Transform Career Planning
PAIRIN joins Credential Engine, Qlarion, SkillsEngine and others to help states implement emerging open standards to align education credentialing, skills and labor market data with career pathing solutions
PAIRIN - Feb 10, 2021


text:
Reaktion Books Ltd.
Libros de la editorial Reaktion Books Ltd.
Eating the Empire
food and society in Eighteenth-Century britain
Bickham, Troy
Reaktion Books Ltd.. London, 2020
When students gathered in a London coffeehouse and smoked tobacco; when Yorkshire women sipped sugar-infused tea; or when a Glasgow family ate a bowl of Indian curry, were they aware of the mechanisms of imperial rule and trade that made such goods readily available? In ...
Eyewitnessing
the uses of images as historical evidence
Burke, Peter
Eyewitnessing evaluates the place and potency of images among other kinds of historical evidence. By reviewing the many varieties of images across region, period, and medium, and by looking at the pragmatic uses of images (from the Bayeux Tapestry to an engraving of a printing ...
The destruction of Art
iconoclasm and vandalism since the French Revolution
Gamboni, Dario
In January 2006, a man tried to break Marcel Duchamp's Fountain sculpture with a small hammer. The sculpted foot of Michelangelo's David was damaged in 1991 by a purportedly mentally ill artist. Each such incident confronts us with the unsettling dynamic between destruction ...
God and hero in Avalon
Fee, Christopher R.
For fifteen centuries, legends of King Arthur have enthralled us. Born in the misty past of a Britain under siege, half-remembered events became shrouded in ancient myth and folklore. The resulting tales were told and retold, until over time Arthur, Camelot, Avalon, the Round Table ...
Vast expanses
a history of the oceans
Rozwadowski, Helen M.
Much of human experience can be distilled to saltwater: tears, sweat, and an enduring connection to the sea. In Vast Expanses, Helen M. Rozwadowski weaves a cultural, environmental, and geopolitical history of that relationship, a journey of tides and titanic forces reaching around the globe ...
Edge of empires
a history of Georgia
Rayfield, Donald
Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, Georgia is a country of rainforests and swamps, snow and glaciers, and semi-arid plains. It has ski resorts and mineral springs, monuments and an oil pipeline. It also has one of the longest and most ...
The Europe illusion
Britain, France, Germany and the long history of european integration
Sweeney, Stuart
In The Europe Illusion, Stuart Sweeney considers Britain's relationships with France and Prussia-Germany since the map of Europe was redrawn at Westphalia in 1648. A timely and far-sighted study, it argues that integration in Europe has evolved through diplomatic, economic, and cultural links cemented ...
The Braganzas
the rise and fall of the ruling dynasties of Portugal and Brazil, 1640-1910
Newitt, Malyn
For two hundred and seventy years, the House of Braganza provided the kings and queens of Portugal. During a period of momentous change, from 1640 to 1910, this influential family helped to establish Portuguese independence from their powerful Spanish neighbors and saved the monarchy and ...
The barbarians
Bogucki, Peter
We often think of the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome as discrete incubators of Western culture, places where ideas about everything from government to art to philosophy were free to develop and then be distributed outward into the wider Mediterranean world. But as Peter ...
Riggs, Christina
From Roman villas to Hollywood films, ancient Egypt has been a source of fascination and inspiration in many other cultures. But why, exactly, has this been the case? In this book, Christina Riggs examines the history, art, and religion of ancient Egypt to illuminate why ...
Hamblyn, Richard
Clouds have been objects of delight and fascination throughout human history, their fleeting magnificence and endless variety having inspired scientists and daydreamers alike. Described by Aristophanes as "the patron goddesses of idle men," clouds and the ever-changing patterns they create have long symbolized the restlessness ...
a cultural history
West-Durán, Alan
As American-Cuban relations begin to warm, tourists are rushing to discover the throwback tropical paradise just eighty miles off of the American coast. But even as diplomatic relations are changing and the country opens up to the Western world, Cuba remains a rare and fascinating ...
Shipley, Lucy
The Etruscans were a powerful people, marked by an influential civilization in ancient Italy. But despite their prominence, the Etruscans are often portrayed as mysterious-a strange and unknowable people whose language and culture have largely vanished. Lucy Shipley's The Etruscans presents a different picture ...
Gwynn, David M.
The Goths are truly a "lost civilization." Sweeping down from the north, ancient Gothic tribes sacked the imperial city of Rome and set in motion the decline and fall of the western Roman empire. Ostrogothic and Visigothic kings ruled over Italy and Spain, dominating early ...
and the creation of Modernity
Undeniably one of the greatest artists of all time, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio would develop a radically new kind of psychologically expressive, realistic art and, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, would lay the foundations for modern painting. His paintings defied tradition to such a ...
Zorach, Rebecca;
Phillips, Michael W.
Gleaming and perfect, gold has beguiled humankind for many millennia, attracting treasure hunters, adorning the living and the dead, and symbolizing wealth, power, divinity, and eternity. This book offers a lively, critical look at the cultural history of this most regal metal, examining its importance ...
South Pole
Leane, Elizabeth
As one of two points where the Earth's axis meets its surface, the South Pole should be a precisely defined place. But as Elizabeth Leane shows in this book, conceptually it is a place of paradoxes. An invisible spot on a high, featureless ice ...
visions and nightmares
Büttner, Nils
In his lifetime the early Netherlandish painter Hieronymus Bosch was famous for his phantasmagoric images, and today his name is synonymous with the infernal. The creator of expansive tableaus of fantastic and hellish scenes-where any devil not dancing is too busy eating human souls-he has ...
myths of the Great Mother
Fee, Christopher R.;
Leeming, David A.
For as long as we have sought god, we have found the goddess. Ruling over the imaginations of humankind's earliest agricultural civilizations, she played a critical spiritual role as a keeper of nature's fertile powers and an assurance of the next sustaining harvest ...
The idea of North
Davidson, Peter
While a compass might tell us which direction we are going, there is really only one direction to which it ever points: north. North is the ultimate point of orientation, but it is also a celebrated destination for the adventurous, the curious, the solitary, and ...


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"There are different wells within your heart.
Listening to the rain falling all day, outside my window, has been cleansing and thought provoking.
Since I live in Southern California, we have recently experienced a series of wildfires that have been the worst in the state's history. Many have been left homeless by the devastation. And yet, within this experience, there have been multitude upon multitude of miracles.
One such miracle is how this catastrophic event has become a very leveling experience, overall.
In time, I pray this way of interacting becomes the new normal. Being: when I look into your eyes, I see myself. When you need help, my hand is upon yours without hesitation to help you out. When you are in need, you are not a stranger, but a friend.
Today, I was drawn to a poem by Hafiz that I've always treasured. I once read it as a rather coy love poem, but today I read it through fresh eyes. Today, I understood it at a deeper level. And so, here it is for you to enjoy and relate to at whichever level you choose to.
"Fire & Rain" if you're in the mood to be serenaded.


text:
Mirza je jméno odvozené z perského výrazu amirzade (syn vládce). Nositeli jsou například:

 Dia Mirzaová (* 1981) – indická modelka
 Iskandar Mírza (1899–1969) – pákistánský státník
 Mirza Bašić (* 1991) – bosenský tenista
 Mirza Delibašić (1954–2001) – bosenský basketbalista
 Mirzá Ghálib (1796–1869) – indický básník
 Mirza Gulám Ahmad (1835–1908) – indický náboženský vůdce
 Mirza Khazar (1947–2020) – ázerbájdžánský žurnalista
 Sania Mirzaová (* 1986) – indická tenistka
 Shazia Mirzaová (* 1979) – britská komička

další významy
 Mirza (rod) – rod poloopic
 Mirza: The Untold Story – indický film
 Murzim neboli Mirza – hvězda v souhvězdí Velkého psa


There has never been a greater time for you to add a deck to your residence in Albemarle, Virginia and the deck contractors at The Deck Contractors can help to make this dream come true. Our deck builder firm finds it to be quite easy to construct the deck you have always dreamed of as a result of the enormous selection of wood we offer at our Albemarle, VA location. Additionally, the experts from our deck construction firm in Albemarle will also reveal the features and numerous benefits connected to the different kinds of wood, which is meant to help you make a more educated purchase decision. Make sure to get in touch with a deck builder at our Albemarle company by calling 888-408-0230 immediately if you would like a hassle-free price quote or if you would like to discover more about our variety of deck materials.
When you are shopping for the deck building materials to be employed in the building of your new deck, you must ensure they are premium quality. Several deck construction companies around the Albemarle, VA region have obtained a reputation for putting glistening "wood" on their showroom floor to entice customers like you but the the fact is that it is oftentimes faux. Whenever you purchase your materials from our deck installation company, you are going to obtain the finest quality of wood. As a result, you can rest assured that the products used in the deck construction process are going to hold up for many decades into the future. By getting in touch with The Deck Contractors you will be connected with professional deck contractors who use the finest quality materials that will give your deck and your residence a finished and attractive appearance.
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Also, the Canucks' captaincy, and the possibility of the playoffs.
It's time once again for Ask it to Bulis, the feature where the world's handsomest and most intelligent blogger answers your Canucks-related questions.
Unfortunately, he wasn't available for this edition, so I'm answering your questions instead.
I got enough questions for a couple different Ask it to Bulis posts, so let's call this part one with more questions to be answered in a future edition. Without further ado, let's get to the questions.
How did the Canucks nab the 20th best center in the NHL at such a bargain?
This may surprise you, but Jyrki is referring to Jay Beagle. No, seriously.
I checked on the legitimacy of this list and it does appear to be real. This list of the Top-20 centers in the NHL wasn't compiled by experts, by any means — the NHL Network's actual list of top-20 centers has Leon Draisaitl as the 20th-best center, without a glimpse of a single Canuck. Instead, this list was the result of a fan vote, which explains a lot.
Jay Beagle has a lot of support among fans of the Washington Capitals, who could have been motivated to stuff the ballot box for Beagle while on a high from winning the Stanley Cup. Beagle was beloved not only for his effort on the ice, where he was the epitome of a meat-and-potatoes grinder, but also for his connection with Capitals fans off the ice.
It shouldn't be too surprising, then, that fans sent him off with one last, odd tribute: voting him up into the top-20 centers in the league.
Could Beagle be deployed the same way Vigneault used Malhotra in 10-11? How would they compare, and would this still be an effective strategy in Green's system?
Jay Beagle could absolutely be deployed like Manny Malhotra was in 2010-11. In fact, he already was by the Washington Capitals. Back in 2010-11, Malhotra started his shifts in the defensive zone 24.07% of the time as compared to his offensive zone starts. Beagle, last season, had 25.74% defensive zone starts.
Is it likely Beagle will get the same treatment under Travis Green? Considering how he used Brandon Sutter, it's certainly possible. Sutter's defensive zone start percentage was 22.65% last season, as Green put him on for as many defensive zone faceoffs at 5-on-5 as possible.
With both Sutter and Beagle available, it's possible that both will actually start in the defensive zone a little less often, as they split those starts between the two of them.
As to whether Beagle can be as good as Malhotra, I don't think so. Despite the difficult usage, Malhotra still put up a respectable 45.10% corsi, better than Sutter last season (43.26% corsi) and way, way better than Beagle (39.15% corsi). That's while Malhotra was playing third-line minutes against more difficult opposition, while Beagle played fourth-line minutes.
Suffice it to say, I think the 2010-11 version of Malhotra was significantly better than the current version of Beagle.
Do you think the Canucks will name a captain this season or hold off for a bit?
This is a great question, and one I touched on a few months ago.
Basically, the Canucks have four options: give the C to an experienced veteran, rotate the captaincy between a few players, go without a captain, or just give the C to Bo Horvat, because who are we kidding?
I think it's pretty obvious what I think the Canucks should do: Horvat is the obvious choice as the next captain of the Canucks. He's a hard-working leader on the ice, he's comfortable speaking up in the room, and he's good with the media. If the Canucks pick anyone else as the captain, there will be an outcry from the fans.
With that said, what I think should happen and what will actually happen are frequently very different things. I suspect they'll go without a captain in this coming season, with Horvat having one of the A's as an alternate captain. Then, with another year of experience under his belt, he'll be named captain for the 2019-20 season.
Is there any chance of Canucks making the playoffs if the prospects and young players step it up this season and perform above and beyond expectations?
There's always a chance, but a lot has to go right. Remember, the Canucks need to do more than replace the 146 points scored by Thomas Vanek and the Sedins last season; after all, they had that scoring last season and were still terrible. With the Canucks getting only bottom-six forwards in free agency, that puts a lot of pressure on the Canucks' youth to produce.
But the biggest obstacle for the Canucks making the playoffs is that there's very little chance that the defence takes a step forward. The Canucks have the same defence corps returning this coming season that they had last season. The only difference is that Olli Juolevi might make the team or at least be available for a call-up.
In order for the defence to significantly improve, you have to believe that younger defencemen like Troy Stecher and Derrick Pouliot can be a lot better, while simultaneously hoping that Alex Edler doesn't continue his slow decline and Chris Tanev remains 100% healthy all year. Also, you have to hope that Michael Del Zotto and Erik Gudbranson don't end up playing 20+ minutes per night.
Let's just say I'm skeptical.
What's your ideal Canucks lineup right now?
This isn't going to be a realistic lineup, but it's one that gives young players a chance to succeed, while also being fun to watch. This isn't necessarily a good team, but it's an interesting team that might bring fans in the door.
This might sound crazy, but top-20 centre Jay Beagle doesn't fit into my lineup.
Quick reasoning here: Baertschi, Horvat, and Boeser are a safe bet as a first line, but this lineup has several options available to play with Horvat and Boeser.
Granlund is capable of slotting in at centre if Pettersson isn't ready yet, and also has a strong two-way game to support the Swedish rookie. Leipsic has the speed and vision to hopefully keep up with Pettersson.
Gaudette and Virtanen both play a straight-forward, north-south game, and should complement each other well. Roussel plays a similar game as well, with some agitating to go with it. And Schaller, Sutter, and Eriksson can be a checking line with options for the penalty kill.
The extra forwards, Goldobin and Gaunce, can slot in the top-six and bottom-six, respectively.
There are fewer options on defence. I'd love to get Juolevi in there, but I'd be comfortable with him getting some time in the AHL first. These pairings betray my biases: I believe in Ben Hutton and think he works well on a pairing with Tanev. Edler and Stecher can soak up minutes and move the puck. And Pouliot and Gudbranson were surprisingly good together in sheltered minutes last season.
Biega is fine as a seventh defenceman.
I think it's time to give Demko a chance in the NHL this season, so I'd love to see him start with the Canucks out of camp.
This all leaves Sam Gagner, Michael Del Zotto, and Anders Nilsson out of the lineup, as well as newcomer Jay Beagle. Let's face facts: those four players are going to be on the roster. So, a question for you: who do you take out?


UN refugee agency UNRWA on Tuesday decried as "irresponsible" Israeli plans to close the agency's offices in the occupied East Jerusalem.
"UNRWA is carrying out operations within the framework of the UN Charter and bilateral and multilateral agreements which are still valid as well as relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly," UNRWA spokesman Christopher Gunness told Jordan's Petra news agency.
He said the refugee agency has been authorized by the UN to provide protection and aid to Palestinian refugees in the occupied territories, including East Jerusalem.
"Such messages by top elected figures in Israel are irresponsible and very serious," he said.
Last week, Israel's Jerusalem municipality announced plans to remove the UN agency from the occupied city.
According to Israeli Channel Two, U.S. President Donald Trump's recent decision to end financial aid to UNRWA has encouraged Israel to take move.
The broadcaster said that the Israeli move was planned in coordination with the U.S. administration and will soon be presented to the Israeli government for approval.
In September, the U.S. State Department announced that Washington would "no longer commit funding" to UNRWA.
The U.S. had been UNRWA's largest contributor by far, providing it with $350 million annually -- roughly one quarter of the agency's overall budget.


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British Polling Council
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27 May 2014 Press Releasesadmin
Following a request from ICM, the Officers of the British Polling Council have considered how its rules of disclosure should apply in the case of a private poll of four Liberal Democrat held constituencies, some details of which were published in The Guardian this morning.
Rule 2.6 of the council states that, 'Organisations conducting privately commissioned surveys have the right to maintain the confidentiality of survey findings' However, it goes on to state that, 'in the event the results of a privately commissioned poll are made public by the organisation [its employees or agents] that commissioned the survey, such results will be deemed to have entered the public domain' and that consequently the council's rules of disclosure apply. Those rules require, inter alia, that details of the survey including computer tabulations of the results, methodology and the client commissioning the survey be published on the company's website.
BPC's officers welcome the fact that, following the leak of the results, ICM have immediately published details of the survey including computer tabulations of the results, and in so doing have also indicated that the client was a 'member of the Liberal Democrats'. The publication of this information should allow anyone who wishes to do so to undertake a critical scrutiny of the research, which is the purpose of rules to which all BPC members aim to adhere. The rules are intended to enable any reader of poll to reach a reasonable judgment on the likely quality or reliability of a poll. The name of the client is included in the rules for disclosure because it may be considered germane by readers of the poll if the poll was commissioned by an organization that campaigns on one side of an issue.
It should, however, be noted that the requirement upon BPC members to publish the details of results of private polls, including of the commissioning client, only applies when those results have been published by the client or by someone acting on their behalf. To the best of our knowledge the source of the leak to The Guardian is not known, including to ICM itself, and thus it has not been established that the source was either the commissioner or someone acting on their behalf. Unless these circumstances change, the officers take the view that ICM are not obliged by BPC's rules to disclose any further information about the poll.
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Not only has Terry found such success on the small screen, he has been in an abundance of movies, 22 to be exact. "I guess it is that old adage of that overnight success, 10 years in the making," he laughs because, though he has been acting since he graduated SUNY Purhcase '89, he didn't really get his break until '96 in Donnie Brasco with Al Pacino. Since then his career has been smooth sailing appearing with Nicole Kidman in The Interpreter and Joaquin Phoenix and John Travolta in Ladder 49, just to name a couple.
Don't expect Terry's plate to ease anytime soon: he starts filming with one of his idols, Robert DeNiro next week for the movie, Righteous Kill also with his former costar on Donnie Brasco, Al Pacino. Though he has never met Robert, he says, "I suppose as goofy as it sounds, he reminds me a lot of my dad with that same command presence and that stern face, but I will not say that to him!" After filming this movie, it's back to South Carolina to start the second season of Army Wives. Stay tuned to see Terry everywhere!


text:
Q: Use of a Joint Moment Generation Function - Do I have this right? Below is a problem I did. I am confident that I got part a right. I am not
confident that I got part b right. In particular, I am thinking that my use of
the partial derivative symbol may not be right. I am hoping that somebody can
check my work.
Thanks
Bob
Problem:
Let $(X,Y)$ be a continues bivariate r.v. with joint pdf
\begin{eqnarray*}
 f_{XY}(x,y) &=& \begin{cases}
  e^{-(x+y)} & x > 0 , y > 0 \\
  0 & \text{otherwise} \\
 \end{cases} \\
\end{eqnarray*}
(a) Find the joint moment generating function of $X$ and $Y$.
(b) Find the joint moments $m_{10}$, $m_{01}$ and $m_{11}$.
Answer: (a)
\begin{eqnarray*}
 M_{XY} &=& E(e^{t_1 X + t_2 Y}) \\
 M_{XY} &=&
 \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{\infty} (e^{t_1 x + t_2 y})e^{-(x+y)}
 \, dy \, dx \\
 M_{XY} &=&
 \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{t_1x - x + t_2y -y}  \, dy \, dx \\
 M_{XY} &=&\int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{e^{t_1x - x + t_2y -y}}{t_2 - 1}  \,
 \Big|_{y = 0}^{y = \infty} dx \\
 M_{XY} &=&\int_{0}^{\infty} 0 - \frac{e^{t_1x - x}}{t_2 - 1}  \, dx \\
 M_{XY} &=&\int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{e^{t_1x - x}}{1 -  t_2}  \, dx \\
 M_{XY} &=& \frac{e^{t_1x - x}}{(t_1+ 1)(1 -  t_2)}  \Big|_{0}^{\infty} \\
 M_{XY} &=& 0 - \frac{1}{(t_1 - 1)(1 -  t_2)} \\
 M_{XY} &=& \frac{1}{ (t_1 - 1)(t_2 - 1) } \\
 M_{XY} &=& \frac{1}{(1 - t_1)(1 -  t_2)} \\
\end{eqnarray*}
Part (b)
\begin{eqnarray*}
 M_{XY} &=& (t_1 - 1 )^{-1} (t_2 - 1)^{-1}\\
 m_{10} &=& \frac{\partial}{\partial t_1} M_{XY}(0,0) \\
 \frac{\partial}{\partial t_1} M_{XY} &=& -(t_1-1)^{-2}(t_2-1)^{-1} \\
 \frac{\partial}{\partial t_1} M_{XY}(0,0) &=& -(0-1)^{-2}(0-1)^{-1 } = -(1)(-1) \\
 m_{10} &=& 1 \\
 m_{01} &=& \frac{\partial}{\partial t_2} M_{XY}(0,0) \\
 \frac{\partial}{\partial t_2} M_{XY} &=& -(t_1-1)^{-1}(t_2-1)^{-2} \\
 \frac{\partial}{\partial t_2} M_{XY}(0,0) &=& -(0 - 1)^{-1}(0-1)^{-2 }  = -(-1)(1) \\
 \frac{\partial}{\partial t_2} M_{XY}(0,0) &=& 1 \\
 m_{01} &=& 1 \\
 m_{11} &=& \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t_1 \partial t_2} M_{XY}(0,0) \\
 \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t_1 \partial t_2} M_{XY} &=&
 (t_1-1)^{-2} (t_2 - 1)^{-2} \\
 \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t_1 \partial t_2} M_{XY}(0,0 ) &=&
 (0-1)^{-2} (0 - 1)^{-2} = 1(1) = 1 \\
 m_{11} &=& 1 \\
\end{eqnarray*}

A: Some feedback:
I haven't looked at your work in extreme detail, but it looks mostly good.
I would prefer that you use $f_{X, Y}$ rather than $f_{XY}$ to make it clear that it is the joint density, rather than the density of the product $XY$.
I know that some probability textbooks use the notation
$$\dfrac{\partial}{\partial t_1}M_{X,Y}(0, 0)$$
but I prefer
$$\left.\dfrac{\partial}{\partial t_1}M_{X,Y}(t_1, t_2)\right|_{(t_1, t_2) = (0, 0)}$$
because this notation makes it more clear that the $(0, 0)$ needs to be plugged in after the partial derivative is calculated.

Besides the notational stuff, your work does look good. But there's a much shorter way to do this.
Notice that $$f_{X, Y}(x, y) = e^{-x}e^{y} = f_{X}(x)f_{Y}(y)$$
for $x, y > 0$, so by this factorization, it follows that $X$ and $Y$ must be independent exponential random variables with mean $1$.
Thus, it follows that $e^{t_1X}$ and $e^{t_2Y}$ are independent, and you may use the fact that expectation is multiplicative when random variables are independent:
$$M_{X, Y}(t_1, t_2) = \mathbb{E}[e^{t_1X+t_2Y}]=\mathbb{E}[e^{t_1X}e^{t_2Y}]=\mathbb{E}[e^{t_1X}]\mathbb{E}[e^{t_2Y}]=\dfrac{1}{(1-t_1)(1-t_2)}$$
(assuming you already know the MGF of an exponential distribution) for $t_1, t_2$ chosen appropriately (which I will leave for you to find).
It follows easily that $m_{10} = m_{01} = 1$, and since we've established that $X$ and $Y$ are independent,
$$m_{11} = \mathbb{E}[XY]=\mathbb{E}[X]\mathbb{E}[Y]=1 \cdot 1 = 1\text{.}$$


text:
First 3D Porn Sex and Zen: Extreme Ecstasy Wins for Gamblers
Jordan Bach
Apr/07/2011
Those betting on the first ever 3D porn film won out with the favorite, Zen: Extreme Ecstasy. Oddsmakers at Paddy Power had made the 3D porn the favorite to enjoy a first release over other similar projects that were already in production. Those included such flicks as an Avatar spoof and a remake of the notorious Tinto Brass feature, Caligula.
3D Sex and Zen comes to us from Hong Kong director Christopher Sun and was initially listed at 5/4 odds.
It is described by the Guardian Newspapers this way:
The £2m Cantonese language film is an ornate fantasy with high production values, set at the kinky court of Ming dynasty ancient China. It is ostensibly based on the classic Chinese erotic text, The Carnal Prayer Mat, and follows a young man as he befriends a duke and enters a world of royal orgies and other sexual peccadilloes.
Paddy Power said at the time: "The movie industry has embraced 3D and the public can't get enough of it so it's no surprise that adult film should move in this direction. Needless to say we'll be keeping our 3D specs and hankies at the ready!"
Adrian Chen of Gawker questioned whether Sex and Zen should pay out.
It's debatable whether Sex and Zen: Extreme Ecstasy is actually the "World's first 3D porn". (That would probably be Kama-Sutra.) But it's certainly the first 3D porn to hit China.
Metro.co.uk reports that thousands of Chinese people from the mainland have snapped up tickets to see the film premier in Taiwan because they won't be able to see an uncut version at their local cinema. There are even reports of tour groups being set up to bus people to screenings, that paper noted.
- Jordan Bach, Gambling911.com
As always, you can Follow us on Twitter for all the latest breaking gambling news. (get the latest entertainment headlines related to the gambling sector around the clock)
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US lawmakers have written to Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas warning him to do something about the violence perpetrated on Israel or risk losing out on humanitarian aid to the region.
"US law clearly stipulates that the Palestinian Authority must act to counter the incitement of violence against Israelis in order to continue receiving US assistance," the letter, from politicians from both sides of the House, said.
"This aid is predicated on the Palestinian Authority's commitment to countering terrorism and pursuing a comprehensive peace with Israel. We remain resolute in our commitment to these conditions."
The letter was signed by politicians including Rep. Hal Rogers, the chairman of the US House of Representatives Appropriations Committee, Rep. Nita Lowey, the chief democrat on the committee and Rep. Kay Granger, the chairwoman of the committee's foreign operations subcommittee.
"The use of degrading images in Fatah or PA produced media as well as inflammatory language used by you and other Palestinian leaders undermine the objectives of our support and threaten to further destabilize an already highly volatile situation," the letter continued.
The United States currently donates financial assistance of approximately $500m (£319m) to the Palestinian Authority a year.
Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas strongly condemned the recent killings of four Jewish worshippers and a Druze policeman at a West Jerusalem synagogue but his apology was criticised for not going far enough.
"The presidency condemns the attack on Jewish worshippers in their place of prayer and condemns the killing of civilians no matter who is doing it," his office said in a statement.