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The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is a bird of the pelican family, Pelecanidae, one of three species found in the Americas and one of two that feed by diving into water. It is found on the Atlantic Coast from New Jersey to the mouth of the Amazon River, and along the Pacific Coast from British Columbia to northern Chile, including the Galapagos Islands. The nominate subspecies in its breeding plumage has a white head with a yellowish wash on the crown. The nape and neck are dark maroon–brown. The upper sides of the neck have white lines along the base of the gular pouch, and the lower fore neck has a pale yellowish patch. The male and female are similar, but the female is slightly smaller. The nonbreeding adult has a white head and neck. The pink skin around the eyes becomes dull and gray in the nonbreeding season. It lacks any red hue, and the pouch is strongly olivaceous ochre-tinged and the legs are olivaceous gray to blackish-gray.

The brown pelican mainly feeds on fish, but occasionally eats amphibians, crustaceans, and the eggs and nestlings of birds. It nests in colonies in secluded areas, often on islands, vegetated land among sand dunes, thickets of shrubs and trees, and mangroves. Females lay two or three oval, chalky white eggs. Incubation takes 28 to 30 days with both sexes sharing duties. The newly hatched chicks are pink, turning gray or black within 4 to 14 days. About 63 days are needed for chicks to fledge. Six to 9 weeks after hatching, the juveniles leave the nest, and gather into small groups known as pods.

The brown pelican is the national bird of Saint Martin, Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the Turks and Caicos Islands, and the official state bird of Louisiana, appearing on the flag, seal, or coat of arms of each. It has been rated as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. It was listed under the United States Endangered Species Act from 1970 to 2009, as pesticides such as  dieldrin and DDT threatened its future in the Southeastern United States and California. In 1972, the use of DDT was banned in Florida, followed by the rest of the United States. Since then, the brown pelican's population has increased. In 1903, Theodore Roosevelt set aside the first National Wildlife Refuge, Florida's Pelican Island,  to protect the species from hunters.

Taxonomy
The brown pelican was described by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in the 1766 12th edition of his Systema Naturae, where it was given the binomial name of Pelecanus occidentalis. It belongs to the New World clade of the genus Pelecanus.

Five subspecies of the brown pelican are recognized. These subspecies are genetically distinct despite a similar phenotype. Different habitats allow to recognize them. :

The brown pelican is part of a clade that includes the Peruvian pelican (P. thagus) and the American white pelican (P. erythrorhynchos). The Peruvian pelican was previously treated as a subspecies of the brown pelican, but is now considered a separate species on the basis of its much greater size (around double the weight of the brown pelican), differences in bill color and plumage, and a lack of hybridization between the forms despite a large range overlap. In contrast, hybridization between brown and white pelicans is possible.

In 1932, James L. Peters separated the American white pelican and the brown pelican (including the Peruvian pelican) into monospecific subgenera. This separation was also supported by Jean Dorst and Raoul J. Mougin in 1979. The spot-billed pelican and the pink-backed pelican were considered to be sister species by Andrew Elliott in 1992 and Joseph B. Nelson in 2005, and the divergence between the brown and the Peruvian pelicans was found to be the most in the pelican family. In 1993, Paul Johnsgard hypothesized that the pelicans derived from a south Asian or African ancestor, and spread through northern Asia and Australia before finally coming to North America. This hypothesis would imply that, unless the brown pelican and the American white pelican resulted from multiple invasions of North America, they would be sister taxa. However, trees derived from genetic data disagree. In 1990, Charles Sibley and John E. Ahlquist's Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) tree based on DNA–DNA hybridization data found that the American white pelican, the pink-backed pelican, the great white pelican, and the Australian pelican were sister species, and the brown pelican was the most divergent of all.

Description

The brown pelican is the smallest of the eight extant pelican species, but is often one of the larger seabirds in their range nonetheless. It measures  in length and has a wingspan of . The weight of adults can range from , about half the weight of the other pelicans found in the Americas, the Peruvian and American white pelicans. The average weight in Florida of 47 females was , while that of 56 males was . Like all pelicans, it has a very long bill, measuring  in length.

The nominate subspecies in its breeding plumage has a white head with a yellowish wash on the crown. The nape and neck are dark maroon–brown. The upper sides of the neck have white lines along the base of the gular pouch, and the lower foreneck has a pale yellowish patch. The feathers at the center of the nape are elongated, forming short, deep chestnut crest feathers. It has a silvery gray mantle, scapulars, and upperwing coverts (feathers on the upper side of the wings), with a brownish tinge. The lesser coverts have dark bases, which gives the leading edge of the wing a streaky appearance. The uppertail coverts (feathers above the tail) are silvery white at the center, forming pale streaks. The median (between the greater and the lesser coverts), primary (connected to the distal forelimb), secondary (connected to the ulna), and greater coverts (feathers of the outermost, largest, row of upperwing coverts) are blackish, with the primaries having white shafts and the secondaries having variable silver-gray fringes. The tertials (feathers arising in the brachial region) are silver-gray with a brownish tinge. The underwing has grayish-brown remiges with white shafts to the outer primary feathers. The axillaries and covert feathers are dark, with a broad, silver–gray central area. The tail is dark gray with a variable silvery cast. The lower mandible is blackish, with a greenish-black gular pouch at the bottom for draining water when it scoops out prey. The breast and belly are dark, and the legs and feet black. It has a grayish white bill tinged with brown and intermixed with pale carmine spots. The crest is short and pale reddish-brown in color. The back, rump, and tail are streaked with gray and dark brown, sometimes with a rusty hue. The male and female are similar, but the female is slightly smaller. It is exceptionally buoyant due to the internal air sacks beneath its skin and in its bones. It is as graceful in the air as it is clumsy on land.

The nonbreeding adult has a white head and neck, and the pre-breeding adult has a creamy yellow head. The pink skin around the eyes becomes dull and gray in the non-breeding season. It lacks any red hue, and the pouch is strongly olivaceous ochre tinged and the legs are olivaceous gray to blackish-gray. It has pale blue to yellowish white irides which become brown during the breeding season. During courtship, the bill becomes pinkish red to pale orange, redder at the tip, and the pouch is blackish. Later in the breeding season the bill becomes pale ash-gray over most of the upper jaw and the basal third of the mandible.

The juvenile is similar, but is grayish-brown overall and has paler underparts. The head, neck, and thighs are dusky-brown, and the abdomen is dull white. The plumage of the male is similar to a fully adult female, although the male's head feathers are rather rigid. The tail and flight feathers are browner than those of the adult. It has short, brown upperwing coverts, which are often darker on greater coverts, and dull brownish-gray underwing coverts with a whitish band at the center. The irides are dark brown and the facial skin is bluish. It has a gray bill which is horn-yellow to orange near the tip, with a dark gray to pinkish-gray pouch. It acquires adult plumage at over 3 years of age, when the feathers on the neck become paler, the upperparts become striped, the greater upperwing and median coverts become grayer, and the belly acquires dark spots.

The brown pelican is readily distinguished from the American white pelican by its nonwhite plumage, smaller size, and habit of diving for fish from the air, as opposed to co-operative fishing from the surface. It and the Peruvian pelican are the only true marine pelican species.

The brown pelican produces a wide variety of harsh, grunting sounds, such as a low-pitched hrrraa-hrra, during displays. The adult also rarely emits a low croak, while young frequently squeal.

Distribution and habitat

The brown pelican lives on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts in the Americas. On the Atlantic Coast, it is found from the New Jersey coast to the mouth of the Amazon River. Along the Pacific Coast, it is found from British Columbia to south-central Chile, including the Galapagos Islands. After nesting, North American birds move in flocks further north along the coasts, returning to warmer waters for winter. In the non-breeding season, it is found as far north as Canada. It is a rare and irregular visitor south of the Piura in Peru, where generally it is replaced by the Peruvian pelican, and can occur as a non-breeding visitor south at least to Ica during El Niño years. Small numbers of brown pelicans have been recorded from Arica in far northern Chile. It is fairly common along the coast of California, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, the West Indies, and many Caribbean islands as far south as Guyana. Along the Gulf Coast, it inhabits Alabama, Texas, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Mexico.

The brown pelican is a strictly marine species, primarily inhabiting marine subtidal, warm estuarine, and marine pelagic waters. It is also found in mangrove swamps, and prefers shallow waters, especially near salty bays and beaches. It avoids the open sea, seldom venturing more than 20 miles from the coast. Some immature birds may stray to inland freshwater lakes. Its range may also overlap with the Peruvian pelican in some areas along the Pacific coast of South America. It roosts on rocks, water, rocky cliffs, piers, jetties, sand beaches, and mudflats.

Migration
Most brown pelican populations are resident (nonmigratory) and dispersive (species moving from its birth site to its breeding site, or its breeding site to another breeding site), although some migration is observed, especially in the northern areas of its range, but these movements are often erratic, depending on local conditions. Southwards, they are vagrants (found outside its usual range) in Tierra del Fuego. They have been recorded off the eastern coast of Brazil, in Alagoas. Rare inland vagrants, generally caused by hurricanes or El Niño phenomena, have been reported from the Colombian Andes. They were first recorded in July 2009 at the Interandean Valley where they remained for at least 161 days. There are four records far inland in Amazônia Legal along the Amazon River and its tributaries.

Behavior
The brown pelican is a very gregarious bird; it lives in flocks of both sexes throughout the year. In level flight, brown pelicans fly in groups, with their heads held back on their shoulders and their bills resting on their folded necks. They may fly in a V formation, but usually in regular lines or single file, often low over the water's surface. To exclude water from the nasal passage, they have narrower internal regions of the nostrils.

Feeding

The brown pelican is a piscivore, primarily feeding on fish.  Menhaden may account for 90% of its diet, and the anchovy supply is particularly important to the brown pelican's nesting success. Other fish preyed on with some regularity includes pigfish, pinfish, herring, sheepshead, silversides, mullets, sardines, minnows, and topminnows. Brown pelicans residing in Southern California rely especially heavily on pacific sardine as a major food source which can compose up to 26% of their diet, making them one of the top three predators of sardines in the area. Non-fish prey includes crustaceans, especially prawns, and it occasionally feeds on amphibians and the eggs and nestlings of birds (egrets, common murres and its own species).

As the brown pelican flies at a maximum height of  above the ocean, it can spot schools of fish while flying. When foraging, it dives bill-first like a kingfisher, often submerging completely below the surface momentarily as it snaps up prey. Besides its sister species, the Peruvian pelican, this is the only pelican to primarily forage via diving, all other extant pelican merely float on the waters' surface when foraging. Upon surfacing, it spills the water from its throat pouch before swallowing its catch. Only the Peruvian pelican shares this active foraging style (although that species never dives from such a great height), while other pelicans forage more inactively by scooping up corralled fish while swimming on the water surface. It is an occasional target of kleptoparasitism by other fish-eating birds such as gulls, skuas, and frigatebirds. They are capable of drinking saline water due to the high capacity of its salt glands to excrete salt.

Breeding
The brown pelican is a monogamous breeder within a breeding season, but does not pair for life. Nesting season peaks during March and April. The male chooses a nesting site and performs a display of head movements to attract a female. At the proposed nest site, major courtship displays such as head swaying, bowing, turning, and upright (standing on its legs without any support) are performed by both the sexes. They may also be accompanied by low raaa calls.

Once a pair forms a bond, overt communication between them is minimal. It is a colonial species, with some colonies maintained for many years. Probably owing to disturbance, tick infestation, or alteration in food supply, colonies frequently shift. It nests in secluded area, often on islands, vegetated spots among sand dunes, thickets of shrubs and trees, and in mangroves, although sometimes on cliffs, and less often in bushes or small trees. Nesting territories are clumped, as individual territories may be at a distance of just  from each other. They are usually built by the female from reeds, leaves, pebbles, and sticks, and consist of feather-lined impressions protected with a  rim of soil and debris. They are usually found  above the ground. Renesting may occur if eggs are lost from the nest early in the breeding season.

There are usually two to three, or sometimes even four, oval eggs in a clutch, and only one brood is raised per year. The egg is chalky white, and can measure about  in length and  in width. Incubation takes 28 to 30 days with both sexes sharing duties, keeping the eggs warm by holding them on or under their webbed feet. It takes 28 to 30 days for the eggs to hatch, and about 63 days to fledge. After that, the juvenile leave the nest and gather into small groups known as pods. The newly hatched chicks are pink and weigh about . Within 4 to 14 days, they turn gray or black. After that, they develop a coat of white, black or grayish down. Fledging success may be as high as 100% for the first hatched chick, 60% for the second chick, and just 6% for the third chick.

The parents regurgitate predigested food for the young to feed upon until they reach their fledging stage. After about 35 days, the young venture out of the nest by walking. The young start flying about 71 to 88 days after hatching. The adults remain with them until some time afterwards and continue to feed them. In the 8- to 10-month period during which they are cared for, the nestling pelicans are fed by regurgitated, partially digested food of around  of fish. The young reach sexual maturity (and full adult plumage) at anywhere from three to five years of age. A brown pelican has been recorded to have lived for over 31 years in captivity.

Predators and parasites

Predation is occasional at colonies, and predators of eggs and young (usually small nestlings are threatened but also occasionally up to fledgling size depending on the size of the predator) can include gulls, raptors (especially bald eagles), spiny-tailed iguanas, alligators, vultures, feral cats, feral dogs, raccoons, fish crows, and corvids. Predation is likely reduced if the colony is on an island. Although it is rare, bobcats have been documented eating both the offspring and injured adults. Predation on adult brown pelicans is rarely reported, but cases where they have fallen prey to bald eagles have been reported. Also, South American sea lions and unidentified large sharks have been observed to prey on adult brown pelicans by seizing them from beneath while the birds are sitting on ocean waters. The invasive red imported fire ant is known to prey on hatchlings. Like all pelicans, brown pelicans are highly sensitive to disturbances by humans (including tourists or fishermen) at their nests, and may even abandon their nests. Due to their size, non-nesting adults are rarely predated. Brown pelicans have several parasitic worms such as Petagiger, Echinochasmus, Phagicola longus, Mesostephanus appendiculatoides, Contracaecum multipapillatum, and Contracaecum bioccai, from its prey diet of black mullets, white mullets, and other fish species.

Relationship with humans
The brown pelican is now a staple of crowded coastal regions and is at some risk by fishermen (monofilament fishing line and hooks) and boaters. In the early twentieth century, hunting was a major cause of its death, and people still hunt adults for their feathers and collect eggs on the Caribbean coasts, in Latin America, and occasionally in the United States, even though it is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918.

Depictions in culture

The brown pelican is the national bird of Saint Martin, Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. In 1902, it was made a part of the official Louisiana seal and, in 1912, a pelican and her young became part of the Flag of Louisiana as well. One of Louisiana's state nicknames is "The Pelican State", and the brown pelican is the official state bird of Louisiana. It is one of the mascots of Tulane University, present on its seal, and is also present on the crest of the University of the West Indies. The National Basketball Association (NBA)'s New Orleans Pelicans are named in the honor of the brown pelican.

In the 1993 film The Pelican Brief, based on the novel of the same name by John Grisham, a legal brief speculates that the assassins of two supreme court justices were motivated by a desire to drill for oil on a Louisiana marshland that was a habitat of the endangered brown pelican. In the same year, Jurassic Park showed a pod of brown pelicans at the end of the film. In 1998, American conductor David Woodard performed a requiem for a California brown pelican on the seaward limit of the berm of a beach where the animal had fallen. In the 2003 Disney/Pixar film Finding Nemo, a brown pelican (voiced by Geoffrey Rush in an Australian accent) was illustrated as a friendly, virtuous talking character named Nigel.

Status and conservation

Since 1988, the brown pelican has been rated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Endangered species based on its large range—greater than 20,000 km2 (7700 mi2)—and an increasing population trend. The population size is also well beyond the threshold for vulnerable species. The nominate race population is thought to number at least 290,000 in the West Indies, and 650,000 globally. In 1903, Theodore Roosevelt set aside Pelican Island, now known as Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, to solely protect the brown pelican from hunters.

Starting in the 1940s with the invention and extensive use of pesticides such as DDT, the brown pelican population had drastically declined due to a lack of breeding success. By the 1960s, it had almost disappeared along the Gulf Coast and, in southern California, it had suffered almost total reproductive failure, due to DDT usage in the United States. The brown pelican was listed under the United States Endangered Species Act from 1970 to 2009. A research group from the University of Tampa, headed by Ralph Schreiber, conducted research in Tampa Bay, and found that DDT caused the pelican eggshells to be too thin to support the embryo to maturity. In 1972, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) banned DDT usage in the United States and limited the use of other pesticides. There has been a decline in chemical contaminant levels in brown pelican eggs since then, and a corresponding increase in its nesting success. It became extinct in 1963 in Louisiana. Between 1968 and 1980, the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries' reintroduction program re-established the brown pelican, and its population numbers in California and Texas were restored due to improved reproduction and natural recolonization of the species. By 1985, its population in the eastern United States, including Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, and northward along the Atlantic Coast, had recovered and the species was removed from the Endangered Species List. Its population has grown by about 68% per decade over a period of 40 years in North America, and this trend appears to be continuing. It is still listed as endangered in the Pacific Coast region of its range and in the southern and central United States. Although the United States Gulf Coast populations in Louisiana and Texas are still listed as endangered, they were recently estimated in 2009 about 12,000 breeding pairs.  Since that time the Deepwater Horizon oil spill has adversely affected populations, and current population figures are not available.

Indicator species
The brown pelican abundance has steadily recovered from the drastic population decreases in the 1940s, however bottom up control threatens the Southern California populations as food sources become diminished. It is common for forage fish populations to experience regular fluctuations, however there has been a consistent decrease in the Pacific sardine population beginning as early as 2014. In 2019 these declines were found to have reached levels which were a mere 10% of the highest reported abundances. Fluctuations in sardine populations have largely been attributed to bottom-up control, primarily including climate variability and ocean temperature. The significant decrease in pacific sardine population can be linked to the levels of nitrogen within their habitat, a limiting factor in plankton production. Pacific sardines in the California current system rely on wind driven upwelling to push cooler, nitrogen rich waters towards the surface, maintaining a sustainable, nutrient abundant environment. Continued environmental disruptions, such as El Niño, rising ocean temperatures, and increased commercial fishing, have drastic effects on nutrient cycling within the California current system, leading to lasting impacts on Pacific sardine productivity and reproductive success.

The brown pelican has been predicted to have high vulnerability to declining sardine populations . At the lowest levels of sardine abundance, the brown pelican population has been predicted to decline up to 50%. Even with a more moderate decline in sardine abundance (50% relative abundance), brown pelicans have been predicted to decrease by up to 27%. A recent decline in brown pelican breeding success coincides with the population decline of the Pacific sardine. Between 2014 and 2016, brown pelicans experienced a continuous breeding failure. These breeding failures have been characterized by decreased numbers of pelicans arriving at nesting colonies, large scale abandonment and early migration due to an inability to feed hatchlings, and sub-optimal breeding by those who do attempt to breed. Breeding success is greatly reduced by oceanic anomalies, specifically warm-phase anomalies that increase the intensity of upwellings. Increased upwellings disrupt marine productivity and forage fish availability. These trends have important implications for the health and conservation of brown pelicans, as well as other seabirds.

Seabirds have become increasingly important as an indicator species. They are often used in order to indirectly track changes in fish stocks, ecosystem health, and climate change. Environmental changes tend to have fast acting impacts on marine bird populations due to the simplicity of their trophic cascade, allowing for complex, long term trends in ecosystem health and resources to be easily realized and tracked. Brown pelicans have proven to be a useful indicator in determining the effects of the well-established fishing industry in Southern California. Sardine fishery in the Gulf of California has been showing signs of overfishing since the early 1990s. Sardine population and abundance, however, is difficult to monitor and obtain indicators for. Since lacking food availability has negative implications for breeding success in seabirds, seabird diet, and breeding success have been used to indirectly measure the population status of the fish they feed on. This model has been shown to work using brown pelicans as an indicator species. As the proportion of sardines in the brown pelican's diet decreases, the success of fisheries declines to a lesser extent. When eventually the sardine abundance has declined enough for brown pelicans to move away and begin feeding on other forage fish, commercial fishing still would be fishing in significant numbers. This indicates that even when fisheries are not seeing signs of declining sardine abundance, brown pelicans may have already been affected to the point of locating other food sources. This availability of sardines may decline even further during El Niño anomalies, when thermoclines prevent brown pelicans from reaching their prey. Brown pelican diet will mostly indicate declines in sardine abundance for fisheries during the same season, as brown pelicans feed mostly on the same adult fish that are commercially fished. Although brown pelicans serve as an important indicator species for fisheries, declining sardine abundance due to both climate changes and overfishing have huge implications on overall ecosystem health, within or outside the individual trophic cascade.

Notes

References

External links

 Field Guide Page on Flickr

Pelecanus
Native birds of the Southeastern United States
Birds of Central America
Birds of Colombia
Birds of Ecuador
Birds of Venezuela
Birds of Mexico
Birds of the Caribbean
Birds of the Dominican Republic
Galápagos Islands coastal fauna
Least concern biota of North America
Least concern biota of the United States
Symbols of Louisiana
Birds described in 1766
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Articles containing video clips
[[Category:Pelicans

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"It is never as easy in real life as it looks on television, but I have to say, it was a lot of fun and my clients were thrilled with the experience and outcome," she said.
The episode will air at 8 p.m. Aug. 14 on HGTV.
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NSU's Montre Williams joins 1,000-point club
Published by OSN at February 10, 2018
Division II Men's Basketball
Montre' Williams
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Don Vieth, Director of Athletics Communications
TAHLEQUAH – Northeastern State's Montre' Williams scored a season high 22 points and eclipsed the 1,000-point mark but was not enough in an 82-78 loss to Nebraska-Kearney in MIAA action at the NSU Event Center on Saturday afternoon.
The RiverHawks fall to 7-16 and 3-11 in conference play, while the Lopers improve to 10-13 and 6-8.
Needing 11 points to reach the career milestone, Williams took charge of the RiverHawks offense early on. However, a slow start by the RiverHawks resulted in an early 13 point deficit trailing 28-15 at the 10:27 mark in the opening half. Williams scored 15 of his 22 in the opening frame and his trey with 4:30 remaining cut the lead to four at 34-30 and gave him the career milestone. Isaiah Bellamy pulled NSU to within one at 40-39 late in the half. The Lopers pushed the lead back to five and close the half with a 44-39 advantage.
NSU opened the final stanza on an 8-2 run capped off by Josh Bougher three points gave the RiverHawks a 47-46 lead. UNK had an answer for every punch NSU threw led by Trey Lansman who poured in a game high 25 points to lead four Lopers in double figures. UNK hit the free throws down the stretch and leave with the 82-78 victory.
Jamir Andrews was NSU's second leading scorer with 18 points and Trent Cantrell matched his career high with 16 points off the bench. On top of Williams' 22 points, he dished out eight assists, which was a season high for the four-year letter winner, and one short matching a career high.
NSU had a 37-to-33 edge on the glass with Andrews leading the way with six.
Next action for the RiverHawks will be on February 10th at it will travel to Fort Hays State. Tip is set for 7:30 p.m.

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(ANSA) – LONDON, JUL 21 – A long written declaration to the House of Commons, one of those usually used by British prime ministers in the event of national emergencies or important announcements, to claim black and white his legacy in spite of the scandals , of the internal conflicts in the Tory parish and of the winds of crisis that have decreed its exit from Downing Street. It is the act with which Boris Johnson today sealed the end of the parliamentary session before the summer break that begins tomorrow: a break at the end of which, on 5 September, he will be formally replaced as premier by those who will assume the leadership of the majority party in the meantime. in the run-off expected for the next few weeks between his foreign minister, Liz Truss, and his former chancellor of the exchequer, Rishi Sunak.
Johnson – who yesterday had the swan song himself in the last Question Time as head of the government, allowing himself a mocking quote from the movie Terminator 2 ("hasta la vista, baby") interpreted by some tabloids as a suggestion of a hypothetical future return , who knows – in the written declaration he again said he was "proud of the results" of his three years as prime minister. Listing in detail what has been done, starting with the implementation of Brexit, the response to an epochal emergency such as the Covid pandemic and the front row support among Western allies for Ukraine in the face of the Russian invasion. He then recalled the commitments made by the Tories with the voters under his leadership in the overwhelming political elections in December 2019, evoking a substantial continuity on the part of those who will replace him. "I know that the conservative government that will follow us will, as usual, face the challenges of the moment with a spirit of service to the British people", he concluded.
Johnson is still grappling, as a deputy, with the awaited internal investigation by the Parliamentary Commission on standards relating to the Partygate, confirmed for the autumn despite his resignation as premier. (HANDLE).
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Tire manufacturing
2019 ACS Estimate
Average Employee Age
Average Male Salary
Average Female Salary
The top three occupations in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group are Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors, Tire builders, Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers, Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand, and Industrial & refractory machinery mechanics. On average, full-time employees in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group work 44.1 hours per week and have an average annual salary of $61,395. Part-time employees in the same industry work 22.3 hours and earn an average annual salary of $18,936.
The locations with the highest concentration of employees in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group are Carter, Garvin, Murray, Love & Pontotoc (West) Counties PUMA, OK, Southwest Arkansas PUMA, AR, and Wilson City PUMA, NC. The industry that purchases the most products or services from the Hospitals Industry Group is Tire manufacturing.
A snapshot of jobs, wages, and opportunities in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group. Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors are the most common position, but the Tire manufacturing Industry Group employs a relatively high number of Tire builders, compared to other industries.
The highest average salary in Tire manufacturing goes to Financial managers.
Monthly Employment
Showing data for the Manufacturing industry sector.
Start Year 20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018
As of May 2021, there are 12.3M people employed in the Manufacturing industry. This represents a 6.34% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.
This chart shows monthly employment numbers for Manufacturing over time (non-seasonally adjusted).
Workforce (ACS Estimate)
± 6.62k
± 13.9%
According to ACS estimates, the number of people employed in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group has been declining at a rate of −9.33%, , from 80.1k people in 2018 to 72.7k people in 2019.
The following graphic shows the share of employment in Tire manufacturing by various occupations according to ACS estimates. Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors represent the largest share of positions held in Tire manufacturing at 15.7%, followed by Tire builders with 14.6% and Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers with 5.63%.
The most common occupations in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group, by number of employees, are Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors, Tire builders, Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers, Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand, and Industrial & refractory machinery mechanics.
Compared to other Industry Groups, Tire manufacturing employs an unusually high number of Tire builders, Miscellaneous vehicle & mobile equipment mechanics, installers, & repairers, and Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, & blending workers.
The highest paid occupations in Tire manufacturing, by average wage, are Financial managers, Human resources managers, and Other managers.
AVERAGE WAGE
On average, employees in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group make $60,030 per year. This number makes Tire manufacturing the 98 highest paying Industry Group in the United States out of a total of 269 Industry Groups.
Wage by Location
HIGHEST PAYING PUBLIC USE MICRODATA AREA
HIGHEST PAYING PUMAS
Johnson City PUMA, TN
Akron (West) & Cuyahoga Falls (West) Cities PUMA, OH
Hudson, Twinsburg & Macedonia Cities PUMA, OH
This map shows which public use microdata areas (PUMAs) pay the highest average salary to employees in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group.
WAGE GINI
Tire manufacturing has a wage GINI of 0.331, which is less than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Tire manufacturing (shown in red) in comparison to the national average for those wage buckets (shown in gray).
Spatial Concentration
Public Use Microdata Areas with RCA
Carter, Garvin, Murray, Love & Pontotoc (West) Counties PUMA, OK
Southwest Arkansas PUMA, AR
Wilson City PUMA, NC
This map shows the PUMAs in the United States that have revealed comparative advantage in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group.
These are locations that employ more people in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group than expected given both the size of that location's overall labor pool and the national size of the Tire manufacturing Industry Group.
Demographic information on the Tire manufacturing Industry Group in the US. Male employees tend to earn less than Female employees, with average respective salaries of $59,779 and $63,436. So too tend to earn more than other races and ethnicities in this industry.
Gender Composition
FEMALE WORKFORCE
±2.78k
MALE WORKFORCE
±6k
82.4% of workers in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group are Male, making them the more common gender in the workforce. This chart shows the gender breakdown of the Tire manufacturing Industry Group.
±$4,358
On average, Male workers in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group make 0.942 times less than their Female counterparts. This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group.
Wage by Race & Ethnicity in Common Jobs
RACE OR ETHNICITY WITH THE HIGHEST AVERAGE SALARY
On average, Asian employees in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group earn 1.11 times more than other races and ethnicities. This chart shows the race and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group.
Estimates of the sources of the costs and the purchasers of the products in the Tire manufacturing Industry Group. Based on estimates from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, this section indicates the amount of money spent by a specific industry in other industries. Manufacturing has the highest single input, by dollars, to the Tire manufacturing Industry Group, and the largest industry purchasing services from the Tire manufacturing Industry Group is Manufacturing.
In this flow diagram, all of the industries listed to the left are those places from which the highlighted industry has made purchases. They are the intermediate inputs to the highlighted industry. All those industries listed on the right side are those industries that have made purchases from the highlighted industry. They are the use of outputs of the highlighted industry. The visualizations below offer alternative ways to see and understand this data.
Industrial Flow
The closest comparable data for Tire manufacturing is from Manufacturing.
Intermediate Inputs
HIGHEST INPUT INDUSTRY
The Tire manufacturing Industry Group gets the most input, by its share of the cost of all intermediate inputs, from the Manufacturing Industry. This visualization does not include labor and capital costs.
Use of Output by Other Industries
LARGEST PURCHASING INDUSTRY
Educational services, health care, and social assistance
The Manufacturing Industry purchases the greatest share of products and services from the Tire manufacturing Industry Group in order to produce other goods and services. Purchases of the Tire manufacturing Industry Group for final consumption by consumers, businesses, or government are not included here.
Animal food, grain & oilseed milling
Industry Group
U. S. Armed Forces: Branch Not Specified


As an international student in Indiana University's MBA program at IUPUC, you will find our campus community friendly and welcoming. Nearly 20 percent of our MBA graduates across ten cohorts have been international students, so we understand your needs and value your perspectives!
You will also discover a welcoming community in Columbus where a number of civic groups, events, and festivals have an international focus.
View the International Admissions page for instructions and requirements specific to international applicants.
Once admitted, you may need to take additional language assessments and courses. You will learn more once your application, transcripts, and scores are evaluated.


Kathleen McLaughlin is a journalist who writes about science, culture and politics all over the world, including her home state of Montana.
She has a camper truck, he has a private jet – can a Democrat take Montana?
This land is your land Is Congress about to wreck America's natural treasures?


text:
Sept.-Oct. 2017
School, education, teaching
developed by Érudit.
Perspectives on society through scholarly journals
No. 04 - Sept.-Oct. 2017
There are few places as common, few spaces as social, as a school playground or a classroom. The integration of newcomers into Canadian curricula is therefore both a necessity and a challenge for the country. How will Canada respond to the specific challenges posed by the schooling of the many, recently-arrived refugee children? On these issues and on many others, the sciences of education offer analysis, enlightenment and even recommendations that vary according to the roles that the sciences seek to play. While this area of research is often a fertile terrain of strains, tensions and contradictory advice, it is also extremely dynamic, as evidenced by the many journals in the field. We propose to get you better acquainted with the Revue des sciences de l'éducation and to discover a selection of other journals in the "Focus" section.
Schooling in Canada for Young Refugees
Canada, host country... This assertion, which was less true in the last quarter of the century, today seems to have renewed vigor, due mainly to the recent arrival of refugees. Among these refugees are many children. Each of them has a different story, but one that is always difficult, marked by war, violence and displacement. Their schooling therefore poses immense challenges. What precisely are these challenges? And how are we to confront them?
Olivier Arvisais, Professor, Université du Québec à Montréal
BAnQ Vieux-Montréal
Trends in Research in the Social Sciences of Education: Between Exhortation and Audacity
What are the educational sciences? Researchers, policy-makers and educators do not necessarily have the same answers to this question. The answers have also varied over time. There are as well tensions between basic research in education and its application; between research and the search for "good practices". How can the discipline respond to these competing demands?
Philippe Maubant, Professor, Université de Sherbrooke; Director of the journal Phronesis
Journal Portrait
The Revue des sciences de l'éducation: A journal at the confluence of disciplines and research trends in education
Marc-André Ethier, Professor, Université de Montréal; editor-in-chief of the Revue des sciences de l'éducation
Since 1974, the Revue des sciences de l'éducation has pursued the mission laid out at its foundation by the deans and directors of education at francophone universities in Canada namely, to support and stimulate the dissemination of research in French on objects specific to education. The Revue does so with a constant concern for openness and curiosity, reflecting its time but refusing all forms of sectarianism. To ensure the continuation of its mission, in 2016 the Revue chose to become 100% digital.
Les enseignants des ordres d'enseignement primaire et secondaire face aux savoirs: esquisse d'une problématique du savoir enseignant
Sociologie et sociétés
vol. 23, no 1
Le stress des réfugiés et ses implications pour la pratique et la formation
Spécificité et dénégation de la pédagogie
vol. 120, no 1
The lntegration of Refugee Youth in Canada
Ph.D Thesis, University of Alberta
Review: Claude Lessard et Philippe Meirieu (dir.), L'obligation de résultats en éducation, 2004
Recherches sociographiques
La construction des compétences pour enseigner
McGill Journal of Education
Re-examining the Rhetoric of Public Management Reform from a Critical Management Studies Perspective
Revue Gouvernance
vol. 6, no. 2
La NGP : nouvelle gestion paradoxante
Nouvelles pratiques sociales
La modernisation de l'État québécois: la gouvernance démocratique à l'épreuve des enjeux du managérialisme
La réussite scolaire des élèves d'origine immigrée: réflexions sur quelques enjeux à Montréal
Éducation et francophonie
Structural factors associated with higher education access for first-generation refugees in Canada: An agenda for research
Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees
Les situations professionnelles: un point de vue de didactique professionnelle
Phronesis
vol. 1, no 1
The politics of higher education for refugees in a global movement for primary education
De l'expérience formatrice à l'expérience apprenante: genèse et perspectives pour une mise en récit d'un processus de professionnalisation
vol. 3, nos 1-2
L'alternance en formation, une figure de la pédagogie
Accueillir des jeunes réfugiés en région: la formation générale aux adultes comme alternative scolaire?
Alterstice
Enjeux éducationnels, curriculum et langue d'enseignement dans les camps de réfugiés: état des connaissances et perspectives de recherche
CJNSE/RCJCÉ
Résultats scolaires et résultats sur le marché du travail des personnes qui ont immigré durant l'enfance selon la catégorie d'admission
Documents de recherche, Statistique Canada
Focus on the journals
McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill
The McGill Journal of Education is an interdisciplinary, open access, bilingual scholarly journal published three times a year. Embracing a broad conception of education, the MJE is dedicated to connecting educational research, theory, policy and practice by inviting thoughtful and critical submissions from scholars and practitioners working in diverse areas of education and learning in Quebec, Canada and internationally. These include formal, non-formal, informal, or incidental forms of teaching and learning; from preschool to adult education; in a range of social settings within and outside of school, and community/popular education contexts. A primary goal of the MJE is to open spaces for the exchange of ideas across disciplinary boundaries and among diverse audiences (academic, practitioner, broader public).
Education and History
Historical Studies in Education / Revue d'histoire de l'éducation
Historical Studies in Education / Revue d'histoire de l'éducation, published by the Canadian History of Education Association / l'Association canadienne d'histoire de l'éducation, publishes work in the history of education and educational policy-making, in Canada and elsewhere, from pre-school to university education. It also looks forward to articles which reflect the methods and approaches of other disciplines. In addition to scholarly articles, the journal publishes research notes, book reviews and review essays, and a bibliography. Historical Studies in Education commenced in 1988 and is published twice annually. It provides immediate open access to its content according to the Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002).
Revue des sciences de l'éducation
Revue des sciences de l'éducation is a joint effort by Canadian French-language faculties, departments, institutes and university schools. Begun in 1974 by the Association francophone des doyennes et doyens, de directrices et directeurs d'éducation du Canada, its mission is to disseminate the results of educational sciences research. It embraces a wide range of disciplines related to education and publishes texts that contribute to the advancement of knowledge and promote critical reflection.
The research and other scholarly texts published in Phronesis address the support occupations across a variety of sectors, including school-based and non-formal education, adult education, health and social work professions, advisory and assistance professions, etc. The objective is to present research from an array of disciplinary backgrounds in order to describe and understand various professional contexts, the territories where these professions are exercised, analysis of situation-based work activity, practices developed in training and work situations, professional training policies, and methods and processes involved in learning, employment integration and professional development.
Nouveaux c@hiers de la recherche en éducation
Les Nouveaux c@hiers de la recherche en éducation (formerly, from 1994 to 2000, Cahiers de la recherche en éducation) is a francophone learned journal. The journal is under the responsability of the Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke. Twice a year, it publishes articles from Canada and from elsewhere in the world. In order to promote and support the dissemination of knowledge and to reach a wider public, the journal publishes in electronic format and immediate open access.
Encounters in Theory and History of Education / Rencontres en théorie et histoire de l'éducation
Rencontres en Théorie et Histoire de l'Éducation is a digital and free publication, which aims at generating a vigorous scholarly dialogue among educational researchers from Canada, Spain and Latin America in light of the process of internationalization and economic globalization. The members of the Editorial Team and Advisory Board contribute to the journal from research institutions in Argentina, Canada, Chile, France, Luxembourg, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. The journal welcomes papers that are methodologically and historiologically reflective or have a critical perspective, and which could open new lines of thought or ways of approaching knowledge.
Canadian Journal of Higher Education / Revue canadienne d'enseignement supérieur
The Canadian Journal of Higher Education is an open access publication of the Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education and supports English or French manuscripts. The Journal's primary focus is publishing research-based manuscripts on topics that address, and are relevant to, the Canadian higher education system and its structures, processes, and diverse communities. The aim of the Journal is to promote Canadian-based and international comparative research relating directly to the Canadian higher education context. All the issues, from 1971, are freely available on the Journal website.
View all the journals available on Érudit
On the same topic
The World at 10
Filmed over a school year, this cinéma vérité documentary shows the changing face of our culturally diverse, inner-city classrooms.
It tracks the progress of two 10-year-olds, Mahfuzur and Neola, as they learn about fairness, the consequences of their actions and the realities of life in Canada. Their teacher Ken Scott, having been raised in a single-parent, low-income family himself, has a deep understanding of his students' lives.
The World at 10 (2003, 40 min.) was produced by National Film Board of Canada in partnership with CBC Newsworld.
Education Indicators in Canada: An International Perspective
Bus Story, Tali, / National Film Board of Canada
NFB/blog: 5 Films to Get You in the Back to School Spirit
BAnQ Rouyn-Noranda
1925 : A School in the Abitibian Far West
Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur
L'école plurielle
OFDE
Observatoire sur la formation à la diversité et l'équité
TÉLUQ / Canal Savoir
L'école du futur: Experts' Words
Students of St. Francis School in Richmond lining up at McGill's McLennan Travelling Library.
Photo from Montreal Gazette, September 3, 1959. Photographer: Mac Juster.
Library and Archives Canada, Inventory no.: 13722, MIKAN no.: 4369763
B&W gelatin silver print mounted on board; 19.5 × 24 cm (image), 23 × 28 cm (mount).
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text:
Spirocamallanus parasiluri är en rundmaskart som först beskrevs av Fujita 1927.  Spirocamallanus parasiluri ingår i släktet Spirocamallanus och familjen Camallanidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Rundmaskar
parasiluri


Portrait of a confident young asian woman holding chocolate bar and showing thumbs up isolated over white background. Training for young kid. Teenager with tennis racket and ball in sport club. Cute African American girl sleeping in bed. Large group of smiling friends staying together and looking at camera isolated on blue background. Cheerful teenager walking in autumn park.


Tim Seldin at timseldin@montessori.org or call 941-729-9565 / 800-655-4183.
These courses are professional development programs that are offered online. They are intensive, and collaborative learning experiences. While individual course certificates of completion are offered, they do not, at this time, represent a formal credential in Montessori school leadership.
Participants are encouraged to explore issues that they are currently working on at their schools. Many have described the experience as individual school consultation for a much lower cost, with the added advantage of the shared perspectives and experience of the other leaders participating in the course.
Although the course runs for a specific number of weeks, you can set your own schedule. Do you have a trip or specific time during this period when you will not be available? No problem! While it is best to participate with the entire group in ongoing discussions. You can catch up when you return.
The first week is orientation. The last is for reading, reflection, and wrap up. Plus you will have access to the entire course online classroom and resource collection, the video talks, and ongoing discussions with the instructor and your fellow students, for an entire year after the course ends!
During the course, you will be working on weekly learning activities and projects that will directly benefit your school. You should expect to invest at least five hours a week reading the extensive course materials, viewing online video presentations, or listening to audios, collaborating with fellow students and Tim Seldin, and working on PR, marketing, and recruitment strategies.
The Montessori Foundation's Montessori Leadership Institute (MLI) has developed strong leaders of Montessori schools around the world since 1992.
In 2006 we pioneered online learning in Montessori leadership development, using streaming video and audio presentations, libraries of resources, dynamic online discussions, conference call-ins, and a network of fellow Montessori school administrators.
They offer invaluable insights and skills used by successful Montessori schools around the world.
Final Note: None of our leadership courses are preparation to teach a Montessori class. Workshops are for school leaders, who may or may not have Montessori training. These workshops are not intended as a substitute for Montessori teacher education at any level.
Reminder: Members of the International Montessori Council save money on registration fees for Montessori Leadership Institute Council.
Join the IMC and save!
"This having been my first course on line, I felt less than competent in using a computer to communicate with a group of people. Talk about contextual learning! I had to learn computer skills while learning the material for the class.
… started to move faster. I liked the assignments because they went along with the things I was already planning to put into practice with the school. For example, during the week of defining you identity, I was dealing with a parent who was not sure whether to keep her child at our school. This was a catalyst for me to begin a list of what our school had to offer and what made us special. The head presented this document to the parent, let her compare it to the other school she was considering and then let her decide. When she decided to send her child to the other school strictly on the basis of convenience (her older children attend there) I did not feel one bit of regret. Thanks to this course I realized that she was really not interested in quality, only cost and convenience. I did not see it as an insult to our school and was glad she made a space available to someone who was delighted to have her child in our program and plans to stay through kindergarten.
"I would totally recommend this kind of online course, I found that it was very helpful and interesting for me, considering I live too far away to attend to one of the conferences. And I think, just like me, there are other very interested people that do not attend to such because of distance or economical issues.
I think now I will be more prepared to open my preschool and to make things right from the beginning. Maria Montessori and this Leadership Course have given me the right tools to create a small community in the lands of San Pedro Sula, Honduras.


text:
N A T I O N
Plea in Uma case dismissed
Hubli, September 3
The Additional District and Sessions Court here today dismissed a revision petition filed by the public prosecutor, challenging a lower court's order, refusing to grant time to submit written arguments on withdrawal of cases against former Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Uma Bharati.
BJP leader Rajnath Singh waves the Tricolour after courting arrest in Bangalore on the third day of BJP's week-long "Satyagraha" demanding the withdrawal of "false cases" against Uma Bharti, on Friday.
— PTI photo
Godhra probe intended to help the
accused: BJP
New Delhi, September 3
The BJP today said the appointment of a high level committee by the Centre to inquire into the incident of fire in the Sabharmati Express on February 27, 2002, was an "unashamed act of the UPA government, directly intended to help the accused who had resorted to the heinous and barbaric crime of killing innocent karsevaks".
Nanavati questions Lalu's claim on Godhra issue
NCP to contest 130 seats in Maharashtra
The Nationalist Congress Party is expected to contest about 130 seats in the Maharashtra Assembly poll, scheduled for October 13, with most of the sitting MLAs likely to get the party ticket.
Bangladesh outfit training militants
Banned Bangladeshi Islamic extremist outfit Harkat-ul Jehad-al Islami (HUJAI) is operating camps in different parts of Bangladesh and imparting training to similar extremist groups from Myanmar and India.
15 TMC workers hurt in clash with cops
Avtar Singh's bail plea put off
Kolkata, September 3
Angry Trinamool Congress demonstrators today stormed into the court-room at Barasat in North 24-Parganas, about 30 km from here, where the CPM MP's husband, Avtar Singh, arrested on the charge of running a brothel at Merlin Park Hotel in Salt Lake, was to be produced in connection of his bail prayer.
BRIEFLY
Russian performer Vayman Algo displays her skills during a Press preview in New Delhi on Friday. Russian state circus company is due to tour India this December. — PTI
PM exhorts Sikhs to prepare for next
Decision on Uma deferred to
Hearing in Uma case today
Commission begins probe in Manorama case
15 held for rioting in Jalna, Poorna
HC orders in-camera examination
Minor changes in MP ministry
Warrants against four Assam Rifles personnel
Truckers continue to stay off roads
NDA to stall House proceedings; attacks Sonia on Bharati issue
Vohra briefs Patil on Kashmir
Home Minister Shivraj Patil, who is visiting the Kashmir valley from September 24, was today briefed by the Centre's interlocutor, Mr N. N. Vohra, over the status of the talks with separatist leaders in the valley.
Panel opposes reopening of mines in Aravali hills
The three public representative members of a monitoring committee appointed by the Supreme Court, to report on illegal mining in Aravali hills have strongly opposed the reopening of the mines in specified areas keeping in view the fragile nature of the region. The committee sent a report in this regard to the Supreme Court.
NHRC seeks report on boycott of women
The National Human Rights Commission has sought a report from the District Magistrate, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, and the Deputy Inspector-General, Warangal range, on the reported social boycott of two women.
SC notice on lawyers' strikes
Concerned over lawyers going on strike at the drop of a hat across the country, the Supreme Court today issued a notice to the Bar Council of India (BCI), the apex body of advocates, seeking its response to a public interest litigation (PIL) on the issue.
PM's press meet today
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will address a national press conference at Vigyan Bhavan here at 5.30 p.m. tomorrow. This will be the first formal press conference to be addressed by a Prime Minister in 12 years. The last such press conference was held in 1992 when Mr P.V. Narasimha Rao was the Prime Minister.
National map policy likely soon
The government is likely to announce a national map policy in the next three months to provide data and maps to institutions and individuals to accelerate the development process, said Union Minister of State for Science and Technology Kapil Sibal here today.
Cong laughs off BJP shadow cabinet
Dehra Dun, September 3
Reacting to the shadow cabinet turned in by the BJP, the Congress said today the party was yet to get over the letdown in the Assembly poll. The party ought to look into the causes of its failure instead of getting into agitation sans issues, said Congress spokesman Surendra Agarwal.
Bombay HC stays blast trials
Mumbai, September 3
The Bombay High Court today stayed the trials of the Mulund, Vile Parle and Mumbai Central blasts till the time the Constitutional Bench of the court decided whether confessional statement of the co-accused under the POTA was admissible or not.
Ved Pal to head Nationalist Kisan Congress
The farmer wing of the Nationalist Congress Party would be headed by former Deputy Speaker of Haryana Choudhary Ved Pal. The Nationalist Kisan Congress aims to bring the farmers of the country on one platform and unite them to fight for their uplift, the party spokesperson said here today.
Amarjit Singh appointed ASG
Punjab's Deputy Advocate-General, Mr Amarjit Singh, has been appointed Additional Solicitor-General of India in the Supreme Court, it was officially announced here today.
Distinction for college lecturer
Sriganganagar, September 3
Professor Nathu Ram Kaswan, a local resident and head of the Department of Geography at local Government Post Graduate College has brought laurels to Rajasthan by attending International Geographical Congress thrice.
Shibu Soren granted bail
Ranchi, September 3
JMM chief and former Union Coal Minister Shibu Soren today secured conditional bail from the Jharkhand High Court, a month after surrendering in a Jamtara court in connection with the Chirrudih massacre case. "Let the accused face trial. He is enlarged on bail," Mr Justice Tapen Sen said. — PTI
This painter paints with his nose.
(28k, 56k)
Mahesh Manjrekar feels Indian audiences have matured.
Refusing to interfere with the discretionary order of the Judicial Magistrate First Class, Hubli, the court said when the Magistrate was seized of the matter pursuant to the high court directions, it was not proper to interfere with the conduct of the proceedings "unless manifest illegality, perversity or error of jurisdiction is pointed out".
However, having regard to the submissions made by the public prosecutor and with intent to secure full compliance of the high court orders, Judge J.M.D. Cunha ruled that the Magistrate receive and consider any written comments and reasons or material, if filed by the public prosecutor at 11 am tomorrow.
The order said depending on the material, the trial court would afford suitable opportunity to both parties for their say and thereafter, proceed to pass orders in accordance with the law in the light of the high court directions.
In the revision petition, the public prosecutor had expressed apprehension that by denying opportunity to file written submissions and reasons, as directed by the high court, there was likelihood of miscarriage of justice.
The Magistrates, Mr Mohammed Ismail, on Wednesday deferred till September 4 the pronouncement of his final order after the additional public prosecutor decided to challenge his order, refusing to grant a week's time to submit his written comments.
Bangalore: BJP General Secretary Rajnath Singh and at least 1,000 party workers courted arrest on the third day of the party sponsored satyagraha here on Friday to press for the withdrawal of false cases registered against Ms Uma Bharati.
After Mr L.K. Advani and Dr Murli Manohar Joshi on the first two days, it was the turn of the former Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister to lead the agitation at the Puttannachetty town hall junction.
Addressing the satyagrahis, who included 17 MP's from Rajasthan and party members from Chhattisgarh and West Bengal, Mr Rajnath Singh asserted that the BJP would not call off the agitation till Ms Bharati, who had resigned as Chief Minister over the issue, was released and tainted ministers were dropped from the Union Cabinet.
The arrest of Ms Bharati, lodged in Dharwad in connection with a criminal case filed against her after she defied curfew to lead the 1994 Idgah Maidan flag-hoisting agitation in Hubli, was an attempt by the UPA government to shield tainted ministers, he claimed.
Prominent leaders who took part in the satyagraha today included Mr Kalraj Mishra, Mr Lalith Kishore Chaturvedi, Mr Nandakumar Sahay, Mr Tatagath Ray and Ms Kiran Maheshwari. — PTI
Godhra probe intended to help the accused: BJP
"It reflects a callous disconcern towards the victims of the barbaric incident. It is also direct encouragement to those who commits such acts by signaling that the UPA government will protect those who are responsible for such acts," BJP spokesperson and former Law Minister Arun Jaitley told newspersons here.
Attacking Dr Manmohan Singh, the BJP leader said, "That noises of this kind were being made by union Railway Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav and some others was worrying enough. But such a move to acquire the stamp of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet is a challenge to the rule of law and an interference with the course of justice."
Wondering whether the Chief Justice of India was consulted in the matter of appointment of this committee, Mr Jaitley said, "It surprises us that a retired judge of the Supreme Court should consent to head the in-house committee constituted for the collateral purposes."
Questioning the terms of reference of the fresh inquiry, former Law Minister said, "The inquiry headed by two justices is already going into these facts. It is holding a transparent public inquiry. It is against this that the terms of reference of the high powered committee under Justice U. C. Banerjee to ascertain as to why the said train, including the S-6 coach, was overcrowded with passengers, many of whom were without reservations and if their behaviour in any manner contributed to the fire."
"It is not surprising that the Railway Minister has already pronounced, even before setting of the in house committee that the karsevaks, members of the majority community and Sangh Parivar, are responsible for the incident," Mr Jaitley charged.
"The constitution of this high powered committee and its terms of reference are clearly intended to help the accused, who had indulged in the barbaric crime," he added.
Justice Nanavati today questioned the claim of Railway Minister Lalu Prasad that the inquiry headed by him into the Gujarat violence could not provide justice since it had been appointed by the Narendra Modi Government.
"The Commission of Inquiry Act is very clear. We are autonomous of any state or Central government pressure. We have been working under no interference from any political authority. No one in the Gujarat government can influence us," he said in an interview to the NDTV.
While accepting that the Railway Minister was free to appoint any committee, Justice Nanavati pointed out that there was an overlap in terms of reference on the Godhra train incident. "We are also inquiring into the facts and circumstances leading to the Godhra train incident. Naturally, there will be some overlap and confusion. But I am not worried. We will submit our own report based on the facts before us." — UNI
R. Suryamurthy
The Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) is expected to contest about 130 seats in the Maharashtra Assembly poll, scheduled for October 13, with most of the sitting MLAs likely to get the party ticket.
"The NCP will contest between 125 and 130 seats in the state. Most of the sitting MLAs will be given ticket to contest," said the party's chief spokesperson D.P. Tripathi.
The party has 59 members in the 288-member Assembly. The Congress, which has 76 members in the outgoing Assembly, will contest the poll in alliance with the NCP.
Mr Tripathi said the two coalition partners had agreed to have an understanding on the final number of seats to be contested by each party.
The principle was that there should be maximum unity among coalition partners to defeat communal forces, he said.
The seat-sharing formula was that each party would retain those seats where it had sitting MLAs and those Assembly segments where either of the party had performed well in the Lok Sabha poll, he said.
Given this formula, he claimed that the two parties would have to sort out only between 10 and 15 seats, which would be amicably settled within a week.
Emphasising the two parties' resolve to fight the BJP-Shiv Sena alliance, Mr Tripati said the NCP and the Congress would not only issue a common manifesto, but campaign jointly.
"Congress leaders Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Vadra Gandhi and other leaders will campaign for the NCP in Maharashtra," he said.
A section of Congress leaders had left the party on the question of persons of foreign origin holding constitutional posts and formed the NCP. Just before the Lok Sabha poll, the NCP had split, with the P.A. Sangma faction holding to the stand on foreign origin issue and the Pawar faction deciding to align with the Congress-led UPA.
The NCP made its displeasure to government policies public by stating that it had not been consulted by the government before making the foreign trade policy public.
Rajeev Sharma
Prominent Bangladeshi newspaper "Prothom ALO" (First Light), in a recent five-part article series has reported that HUJAI has established an active network through madrasas and local NGOs to carry out its activities .
The estimated strength of HUJAI, according to the Bangla newspaper, is 15,000 and its main aim is to bring a Taliban-type Islamic revolution in Bangladesh.
The HUJAI has been declared a terrorist outfit by the US State Department for its Al Qaida and Taliban connections.
The outfit is also suspected to be behind the recent attack on Awami League leader Sheikh Hasina's rally in which 20 persons were killed and 200 injured.
The HUJAI maintains its links with and gets funds from Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI), Osama bin Laden-financed outfit "Servants of Suffering Humanity International", Al Farooq International Islamic Trust and Pakistan-based groups Harkat-ul Mujahideen and Harkat-ul Jehad Islami.
The areas, where the newspaper sent its reporters to investigate the camps, are Bandarban, Naikhangthari, Ukhia, Dailpara, Chandgaon and Khatunganj in Cox's Bazar and Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh.
The Central Command Headquarters of ULFA and northeaster insurgent outfits like NFT and NDFB are based in these areas.
To carry on its activities in these areas, the HUJAI is reported to be using its clout with certain Bangladeshi Islamic political groups like ruling Jamaat-e-Islami and Islami Oikya Jote (Islamic Unity Forum).
NGOs from several West Asian and Gulf nations like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Libya and UAE have been sending large amounts of funds for aiding Rohingiya refugees. The same funds are being spent on imparting arms training to the militants.
Top HUJAI leaders like Mufti Abdul Hannan Mufti Qamaruzzaman and Mufti Saleh Ahmed, who have fought in Afghanistan and Chechnya, have gone underground.
The newspaper said the HUJAI had started eliciting overt support of certain Islamic extremist outfits as well as political parties like the Jamaat-I-Islami. The base of its operations, the "Prothom Alo" said was in Chittangong's Chandgaon and Khatunganj areas where it was imparting training to the Rohingiya Muslim extremists.
The locals are also aware of the arms training being imparted in these locales, which are generally about two to five kilometers from the MyaNmar border.
The hotel is jointly owned by Avtar and his MP wife, Ms Jyotirmoyee Sikhdar.
The hearing, however, could not take place as TMC workers and the police were involved in a pitched battle inside the court premises, which lasted over an hour. During the clash, brickbats were thrown at the policemen, who responded by bursting tear gas shells and a lathi charge. The SDJM fixed September 9 as the next date of hearing.
Two TMC MLAs, Mr Jyotipriya Mallick and Mr Tanmay Mondal, who sustained severe injuries in the lathi charge, were brought to Kolkata for treatment at a private nursing home.
Some 15 TMC workers and supporters taking part in the demonstration against Avtar's bail prayer move and six policemen including the local SDPO and the officer in charge of the local thana were also injured in the clash.
Mr Patil, who is in the process of chalking out the final details of his visit, including meeting with people's representatives, political leaders and senior officials, reviewed the status of the Centre's proposal for talks with the various sections of the Hurriyat Conference with Mr Vohra, official sources said here.
Besides discussing the overall situation in the valley, Mr Vohra also briefed the Home Minister about the continuous threats being received by moderate separatist leaders in the valley.
The Centre's point man also discussed issues pertaining to the release of some of the political detainees who have been lodged in various jails under the Public Safety Act, the sources said. — PTI
Legal Correspondent
The region specified comprised Faridabad, Gurgaon and Alwar districts of Haryana and Rajasthan.
The three members - Bhure Lal (Chairman of the panel), Valmik Thapar and Dilip Biswas - who had been nominated to the committee by the Supreme Court keeping in view their contribution in the environmental matters, in a report placed before the apex court today said they had "wide difference of perception" with official members about the reopening of mines in the area.
The three members recommended that Union Environment and Forest Ministry's notification regarding saving the Aravali Hills be extended to the whole of the region to save the fragile hills.
"We have seen the bomb-scarred mining landscapes of Faridabad and Gurgaon with their 'horror impact' on this
land. We believe it is the duty of all parties concerned to restore these lands to their original shape and look," the three panalists said.
They further recommended that the money for the restoration of environment of the region should be mobilised from the mine owners and work on the project should be started immediately by involving them.
A Bench comprising Mr Justice Y.K. Sabharwal and Mr Justice Tarun Chatterjee sought replies within four weeks from the government agencies concerned and other parties.
The court had appointed the committee on March 18 last to asses the overall impact of legal or illegal mining in the region and the ways to restore ecological balance in the area.
While recommending a total ban on mining activities, the committee members have classified the region into two categories - prohibited areas for mining and prohibited areas for colonisation. It has also clearly laid down the guidelines about how the mining activities in the specified zones should be regulated.
The areas identified for total ban include the zones notified under the Punjab Land Preservation Act (PLPA), area which was earlier covered under the Act, the new plantation zones, safety zone of 500 meter around prohibited area under PLPA, area 500 meters of either side of the national and state highways, district and village roads and the notified green belts.
They also said the mining activity should be banned in areas where ground water level has fallen three meters below the normal.
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has sought a report from the District Magistrate, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, and the Deputy Inspector-General, Warangal range, on the reported social boycott of two women.
Taking cognisance of a news report titled "Tribals boycott women fearing AIDS infection", the commission has asked the authorities to send the report within four weeks.
According to the report, Bhanot Samakka employed as a cook in a school and Bhukia Vimala, a health worker in the Aangwanwadi have been boycotted by the community in a tribal hamlet in Warangal district as they had helped a pregnant woman suffering from AIDS, in her delivery.
According to the report, the community panchayat decreed that these women could not enter the village for four months. The women had been prevented from attending to their work.
The Chairperson of the commission, Justice A.S. Anand, has observed that if the contents of the report are true, it raises the issue of violation of human rights.
Our Legal Correspondent
A Bench comprising Mr Justice N. Santosh Hegde and Mr Justice S.B. Sinha directed the BCI to suggest ways and means to curb the tendency among lawyers to go on strike on the slightest provocation, affecting work in the judiciary.
The notice was issued during the hearing of a PIL in the wake of the recent strike by Tamil Nadu lawyers in protest against the Madras High Court devising a code of conduct for them.
Though the high court had withdrawn the 25-point code under pressure from the striking lawyers, the Supreme Court said a similar situation was simmering at many places in the country on one or the other pretext, requiring the BCI to come forward to with its suggestions.
The BCI was also asked to take reports from state Bar councils about the steps taken by them to curb the tendency among lawyers to go on strike.
According to a press note, after taking over as Prime Minister in May, Dr Manmohan Singh had received dozens of requests for interviews from Indian and international print and electronic media.
"Given his extremely busy schedule, and the fact that during the Budget session of Parliament, he could not grant media interviews, the Prime Minister was unable to meet all those mediapersons who had sought individual interviews. Hence, he has decided to address the press conference", the press note said.
The press conference will be broadcast by All India Radio and telecast live on Doordarshan and other television channels.
Addressing a press conference, he said the draft policy had been circulated among the ministries concerned, which was likely to get a Cabinet clearance shortly.
"In this connection, a high-level meeting of the secretaries of the departments concerned is slated for the 23rd of this month," said Mr Sibal.
He admitted there were some differences with the Defence Ministry on the proposed policy, which would be resolved at the meeting. The policy would have to get Cabinet clearance before it came into force, he said.
The meeting would be chaired by the Cabinet Secretary, officials said, adding a national spatial data infrastructure and a national map policy were needed for the country.
Mr Sibal said in about two years from now, the government would map every village of the country. Discussions were on with different agencies engaged in mapping work in this connection, he said.
By January 2005, the government would provide GPS systems installed in all metros. It would enable vehicle drivers to know their location and directions to reach a particular destination. The system would be extended in all cities in a phased manner, he said.
Stating that so far there was no clear map policy and the current policy restrained people from accessing maps, while these were freely available on the Internet, he said the new policy would allow individual to access maps through the Net.
The BJP has launched a shadow cabinet of 17 legislators against Chief Minister N.D. Tiwari's Cabinet of 12. The shadow cabinet would monitor the work department-wise and put forward its report every three months, said Leader of the Opposition Matbar Singh Khandari.
The idea was to check corruption and scams in various departments, Mr Khandari said, citing the example of irregularities in hiring the SIs, six of whom were sacked last month. The government maintained an uncomfortable silence on the officials behind the case, he said.
The Division Bench comprising Mr Justice H.L. Gokhale and Mr Justice V.K. Tahilramani today referred the matter to the larger Bench, after it differed with the Nagpur Bench of the court, which had held that a statement of co-accused is inadmissible. — UNI
Mr Virendra Singh Danda and Dr Narendra Kumar Reddy have been appointed general secretaries of the Kisan Congress.
Mr Amarjit Singh, based in Chandigarh, has been Deputy Advocate-General of Punjab for the past six years, assisting the state government in legal matters both in the Punjab and Haryana High Court as well as the Supreme Court. His appointment is with immediate effect, a Law Ministry press note said.
Professor Kaswan, who attended 30th International Geographical Congress held at Glasgow (U.K.) from August 15 to August 20, got lot of appreciation for his two research papers entitled " Globalisation and Universalisation of education: contextual paradigm shift in policy making in India" and "Delimiting biosphere: anthropocentrism versus geocenterism", which were presented in that congress.
Earlier, he has attended 27th and 29th International Geographical Congress held at Washington in 1992 and at Seoul in 2000, respectively. He attended these conferences on the invitation of the International Geographical Union (IGU), which has been organising the same at regular intervals. The college authorities will honour Professor Kaswan on the Teachers Day to be observed on September 5.
Landslides kill five
GANGTOK: Five persons, including a seven-year-old boy, were killed in landslides triggered by heavy rains in Sikkim's South district, a senior police officer said on Friday. Search operations were launched on Thursday morning but only the body of the boy had been recovered. — PTI
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Duplex Alternating Relays are available in three output configurations: SPDT, DPDT and DPDT cross-wired. See KnowledgeBase Article for more information.
Each version is available with an optional three position selector switch. This allows the unit to alternate the two loads as normal, or lock the relay to one load or the other. By locking the Alternating Relay to one load, the other load can be removed for service without rewiring the first load for continuous operation. In addition, on cross-wired versions, locking a load to always operate first allows the user to balance the run time of both loads if one load has fewer hours of operation than the other. The selector switch has a low profile to prevent any accidental changes in status.


A Harvey Wallbanger is a popular cocktail that was invented in 1952 according to some sources. This drink is a very popular one in bars around the world and is super easy to make.
Take the oranges and squeeze them with a juicer into a Boston Shaker or similar cocktail shaker with ice.
Add the vodka and Galliano to the shaker as well.
Pour into glass, garnish with orange slice and serve.
You can also use orange juice if desired.


text:
BTS Change History and Take Over the World
Although BTS debuted under what was then a rather small entertainment agency in 2013, they showed us that they were the exception and not the rule. The septet stood out for many reasons, even as a rookie group. Although it may have been peculiar, Big Hit's decision to debut a group that was more ...
Read the full article..
The Time of Magic with BTS
December is the time when holiday smashes return to the charts, racking up impressive streaming and sales numbers every year. Many of the same cuts rise to the upper reaches of the Billboard rankings over and over, proving themselves to be among the most successful compositions ever released... but ...
Stay True to Your Heart and BTS
BTS isn't just the biggest K-pop act on the charts. They've become the biggest band in the world. Between releasing multiple albums, breaking every type of record and appearing in these extemporaneous live streams in 2020, BTS ascended to the zenith of pop stardom. And they did it in a year defi ...
A Dynamite Year
It has been a tough year, but BTS has continued to grow, cheering up the world with its feel-good messages and upbeat tunes. K-pop superstar boy band BTS has had more than just a Dynamite year – they have become such a global phenomenon that America's Time magazine named the group its 2020 Enter ...
Breaking all the Records with BTS
2020 has been a big year for K-pop band BTS, between two album releases—Map of the Soul: 7 and Be—as well as the release of their number one Billboard Hot 100 single "Dynamite." The seven-member band is the first K-pop group to ever top the U.S. album charts and has skyrocketed to the top of the ...
Vintage Guitars 2021 Square Wall Calendar by Wyman Publishing
From acoustic to electric, this collection of vintage guitars is sure to please all music lovers. Complete with an informative caption describing that month's featured guitar, each month also features several "on-this-day" music industry trivia write-ups. Produced via environmentally friendly proc ...
Taylor Swift 2021 Mini Wall Calendar
Songstress Taylor Swift knows no bounds when it comes to writing songs with plenty of heart. Her personal lyrics capture a sense of vulnerability and reveal a wisdom and insight beyond her years. She's sold more than 40 million albums and won several Grammy awards—but Swifties want more. The offic ...
Michael Jackson 2021 Square Wall Calendar
Since the beginning of his solo career at the tender age of 13, Michael Jackson has won over millions of fans with his chart-topping hits and iconic dance moves. One of the most globally famous pop sensations in history, Michael Jackson's likeliness is instantly recognizable, and his impact on pop m ...
Electric Guitars 2021 Square Wall Calendar
Invented in 1932, the electric guitar was adopted by musicians who wanted to play single-note solos in big bands. It has since evolved into an instrument that is used in various genres. Electric guitar virtuoso's can be found in pop, rock, country, blues and jazz. Enjoy this stunning wall calendar f ...
Billie Eilish 2021 24 x 36 Inch Blohsh Vertical Poster
With an appetite for the glassy indie-pop of Lana Del Rey and distorted menace of Tyler the Creator, 2019 AMA New Artist of the Year Billie Eilish has made her own style of music, calling out lyrics with a mix of heartbreak and damaged indifference. With songs like "Fingers Crossed," telling an ...


Hillary Clinton's campaign chair John Podesta used his own name as his username and the word 'p@ssw0rd' as his password, which raises doubts he was targeted by a large-scale Russian hacking campaign as claimed.
Additionally, Podesta also lost his cell phone in 2015, according to his own emails released by Wikileaks, and it's unlikely he took proper security measures to secure the data.
The emails reveal Podesta as lazy and inept when it comes to computers in general, meaning it didn't require the resources of a foreign government like Russia to hack his emails, especially given how he handled government business over a free Gmail account.
But if Russian hackers didn't target Podesta, then who did?
His interest in UFOlogy was well-known; as Chief of Staff for Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, Podesta pushed for "full disclosure" of government UFO files.
Therefore, it's plausible the hackers who penetrated Podesta's emails were independent UFO hunters who wanted to know what Podesta knew about aliens as a government insider.
Interestingly, Hillary Clinton likely triggered the Podesta hack when she claimed as president she would "get to the bottom" of the UFO cover-up during a radio interview last spring.


Chobi Mela, the first festival of photography in Asia, is one of the most exciting ventures that Drik and Pathshala has initiated. The first Chobi Mela – International Festival of Photography was held in December 2000 - January 2001. It is the most demographically inclusive photo festival in the world and is held every two years in Dhaka.


text:
Gulögd pingvin (Megadyptes antipodes) tillhör familjen pingviner och är den enda nu levande arten i släktet Megadyptes.

Utseende och fältkännetecken

Arten är en ganska stor pingvin med en snittlängd på 75 cm och en genomsnittlig vikt på 6,3 kg. Vikten varierar över året och den är som tyngst, 7–8 kg, precis innan ruggningen och lägst, 5–6 kg, direkt efter ruggningen. Den har ett ljust gult huvud och ännu ljusare gul iris med svarta fjäderspolar. Kinden och hakan är brunsvart. Ett kraftigt gulfärgat band löper från ögonen runt nacken. Juvenilerna saknar detta band och har istället grå iris. I övrigt är fågeln ganska lik åsnepingvinen.

Taxonomi
Gulögd pingvin beskrevs taxonomiskt första gången 1841 av Jacques Bernard Hombron och Honoré Jacquinot. Tidigare trodde man att den var närbesläktad med dvärgpingvin (Eudyptula minor), men molekylära studier indikerar att den är mer närbesläktad med pingvinerna i släktet Eudyptes. Den är idag ensam art i sitt släkte Megadyptes, men 2008 upptäcktes en närbesläktad, mindre, nyligen utdöd art, som fått namnet waitahapingvin (Megadyptes waitaha)..

Utbredning
Arten förekommer vid kusten av södra Nya Zeeland, exempelvis på Otagohalvön. Den förekommer också på  Aucklandöarna, Campbellöarna och Stewart Island.

Ekologi
Gulögd pingvin är mycket lugn och skygg. Den vistas hela året kring området där den häckar. Utanför häckningstiden genomför den endast korta vandringar som varar i mindre än en vecka. Ruggning sker en gång per år i februari eller mars och varar i tre till fyra veckor.

De är ganska långlivade och vissa individer når en ålder av 20 år. Hanarna blir generellt äldre än honorna.

Biotop

Den häckar vanligtvis i skogs- eller buskbiotoper, bland nyzeeländskt lin (Phormium tenax) och gul busklupin (Lupinus arboreus), på sluttningar eller i raviner som vetter mot havet, eller direkt på stranden. Dessa häckningsområden finns oftast vid mindre vikar eller på en udde vid större vikar.

Häckning
I motsats till flera andra pingviner ruvar gulögd pingvinen inte i kolonier. Revirets storlek kan uppgå till en hektar. Fågelns rede ligger gömd i tät undervegetation. Vanligen läggs två ägg åt gången. Äggen ruvas i cirka sju veckor och ungarna är självständiga efter ungefär 100 dagar.

Status och hot
Hela populationen uppskattas till 2 600–3 000 vuxna individer och arten listas av IUCN som starkt hotad (EN). I vissa publikationer beskrivs arten som den mest sällsynta av pingvinarter, men galápagospingvinen har en mindre population.

Referenser

Noter

Externa länkar

 Megadyptes antipodes på Internet Bird Collection

Pingviner
Fåglar i australiska regionen
Fåglar i antarktiska regionen
Endemiska fågelarter i Nya Zeeland


Moira Station is an "iconic pastoral station". The original station site was selected in 1842, and the current homestead was built in 1866. Australian heritage is interwoven with Moira's story.
It has a rich history of early pioneers, bushrangers, timber cutters, bullock teams and indigenous tribes, all who once called it home.
Moira Station is a premium outback property located near Mathoura, in the Murray region of NSW. Catering to a maximum of eight guests, the heritage property is an easy twenty minutes' drive from Moama on the Murray River and seven hours drive from Sydney. Set on 600 hectares, and adjoining the Murray Valley National Park, Moira Station offers luxury self-catering accommodation, gourmet produce and stunning night skies.
Starry Nights excels at bringing the beauty of Australia's outdoors indoors in a unique and exciting way that no other accommodation provider in the region can offer.
Starry Nights is the perfect place to unwind, indulge, pamper and romance.
The magnificent bedrooms with superb king size beds are first class luxury, add breathtaking retractable ceiling skylights from which to view the famous Southern Cross on its inky background and you have a sublime boudoir from which you may never want to leave.
A delightful breakfast basket is included in the tariff, along with the option of three delicious grazing hampers filled with exquisite local quality produce.
At this point for dining options guests can choose from a selection of fabulous award-winning local eateries only 20 minutes away.