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The Commander's Psyche, an open question.
blackheartgary.8605 Member ✭✭✭
June 29, 2020 edited June 29, 2020 in Lore
Hello. I am here to ask a question. It is in the Lore section because I feel the question pertains to a lot of the lore over the years as it pertains to the Commander, and in particular, their mental state.
My question is... what Mental State do you feel the Commander is in right now?
Personally, I believe that the Commander is starting to slowly unravel. The statements Joko made about the Commander, however diabolical they sound... seem eerily accurate. Regardless of Racial origins, each "version" of the commander, with "version" being your choice in the personal story, has ultimately ended up with the Commander being "always in the forefront, always in trouble", even when the story is not about them in particular.
So? Is the Commander losing their mind? Or is it something else?
June 30, 2020 edited June 30, 2020
It's been made very clear as the story goes on that the Commander is very tired. They get more and more irritated with people and situations as time goes on, and its hinted that the PC gets very little rest or recovery time, too.
That said, the PC has other established traits in canon as well, such as being kind of lazy and impatient, always late to everything (sometimes even after major disasters or the establishment of entire outposts into unexplored areas), and not being the sharpest tool in the shed, like when they're repeatedly mocked by NPCs for not being able to solve puzzles easily.
There's probably more that I'm forgetting about. But these traits make it hard to judge how everything's affected them.
First, I think people are taking Joko's trash talking way too seriously.
Still, interesting topic. I believe in this case we should actually not discuss one Commander, but realize that they are actually at least 10 different characters who happen to share most of the dialog lines. The voice acting directions the different Commanders get seem to be vastly different, so this is surely intentional. It's also pretty consistent between different language versions.
I have not played the entire story on too many characters yet, unfortunately, so I don't have a complete picture. However, my impression so far is that the Commander in general has been canonically going through some kind of depression for a while. I'd say it started after HoT and lasted at least through PoF and LS4. The human female character seems to have gotten better by the time LS4 ended. The asuras and norn don't seem to be too affected in general, or they are better at hiding it. The one that really stands out to me is the female sylvari, who seriously seems to be out of her depths ever since HoT, constantly angry and frustrated with everything and everyone. I had a bit of hope at the ending of LS4, but oh no, in LS5 she went right back into snapping at her supposed friends. (Honestly, I don't like playing the story on this character anymore because of this.)
All in all, right now I don't get the impression the Commanders are unstable or getting worse. Quite the opposite. And also, I think Joko was just doing his usual thing and should not be taken seriously at all.
draxynnic.3719 Member ✭✭✭✭
@Fenella.2634 said:
Cut out the parts I'm not responding to...
ArenaNet did say they deliberately had Joko getting cut off so that he couldn't be interrogated for details, but in Joko's case it's a bit of a 'he's not entirely wrong, but he's certainly not telling the whole truth either and is missing a lot of the nuance'. About the only time the Commander could be said to have had a real choice was Zhaitan - it's possible that Zhaitan could have been contained, and may even have returned to a state of relative quiescence after the assault on Lion's Arch was repulsed if the Pact hadn't started going after him in turn. But back then, we really had no clue that killing the dragons could be a bad thing.
In Mordremoth's case, we had a few clues, but Mordremoth was just too close to too many important things to be left alone. The Exalted, who were probably the most knowledgeable about what was going on, were urging us to go ahead and kill Mordremoth despite the risks. Mordremoth was simply too close to Tarir, Rata Sum, and the Grove, and it wasn't practical to keep him contained in the long term.
Killing Balthazar is a pretty clear-cut case of choosing the least bad option. If not stopped, Balthazar's actions were going to result in the world's destruction. The PC tried negotiation, but Balthazar wasn't listening. The consequences of killing Balthazar were, ultimately, more manageable than the consequences of letting Balthazar kill the Elder Dragons without having any replacements.
All things considered, the PC has left a trail of chaos in their wake... but things would probably be worse if not for the PC. However, it's certainly understandable that the PC might not be so sure of that.
Konig Des Todes.2086 Member ✭✭✭✭
Main issue with trying to pin down a personality of any kind on the Commander is that ANet intentionally writes the character as a blank slate. They might give some personality here and there for the context of the plot - HoT had the Commander acting like a proper military soldier, for example, while PoF had the Commander having a "I don't have time for kitten" take, but overall there doesn't seem to be an established mental state or mood for the Commander, as it seems like it changes by the episode.
So, in the end, we can only headcanon the Commander's mental state, which I imagine is ANet's intention.
There are fairly clear hints that the Commander is just growing tired during S4, after dealing with just too much in S3 and PoF (what with guild drama, White Mantle insanity, learning they've been kitten kitten up accidentally, and then Balthazar), but by the end of it, when Icebrood Saga began, all of that seems to have disappeared completely, and we're back to a personality akin to Season 2 - experienced, having dealt with all sorts of situations, but not exhausted. And given No Quarter, to a degree, it even feels like the Commander has forgotten some of their own past deeds (like slaughtering Inquest in a soon-to-explode facility while they're running around in a panic rather than fighting back... Sounds all too similar to a certain Searing Crystal situation).
All these squares make a circle.
Orimidu.9604 Member ✭✭✭
@Konig Des Todes.2086 said:
True to the headcanon bit. Personally (human male PC here), I feel that throughout S4 the PC was constantly wondering if everything they were doing was pointless. Each dragon faced is more powerful than the previous, and with Kralk messing with the Mists itself, and the confirmed departure of the Six (now the Five or less), the PC is surely second guessing the motivation to continue the elder dragon fight after ending Kralk's reign of terror (which wasn't even Kralk's fault for the most part).
After S4, the PC gets a second wind. Kralk is gone, Aurene took his place, and so far everything seems kinda peachy. Then the civil war thing starts with Bangar, and the PC is desperate to prevent a second "Kralk-level threat". In addition, he's helping a friend (Rytlock) in need. Jormag's going to play to the PC's mental state for sure, that's what the whispers are all about--asking rhetorical questions like "aren't you tired" so the people confirm their own doubts and fall prey to its corruption.
Kulvar.1239 Member ✭✭✭✭
@Hannelore.8153 said:
Which I hate because that's not how some characters are. Playing an Asura and being made dumb to fit the Commander narrative is atrocious.
why? asura ARE dumb. Lab explosions and uncontrollable golems are not the sign of genius at work.
TLDR; I agree with the above. I think the 'blank slate' PC should have been paired with better use of the charm/ferocity/dignity dialogue system to more clearly allow us to express our own headcanon without requiring extra voice acting or extensive writing resources.
This pretty much sums up my take on the matter. I think the Commander is designed by ANet to be intentionally vague, so as to be compatible with a broad range of what players might want to think about their characters.
I just think the centrality of the "Commander" role represents a huge lost opportunity to easily allow players to develop Commander personality independently. Specifically, I'm thinking of the Dignity (crown)/Ferocity (fist)/Charm (heart) system. If we weren't the Commander, it would have made more sense for us to go through the story responding and observing via these three choices however we pleased. All ANet would have to do is give us a few text choices; none of the heart/fist/crown choices were voiced in the core game, and that was fine! They maybe could have added a 4th "exhausted" and 5th "indifferent" category too. Maybe they would have had to record different NPC responses based on our choice, but at least that could be the same voice actor doing a few different lines, which seems a lot easier to manage than every player character voice actor doing 5 different responses (which is where the bigger effort/time/money problems come in, I think).
IMO, it would have been a pretty low-cost way to offer players the choice of revealing what is going on inside their characters' heads. The tradeoff would be that our characters would have to be a step back from the action, or key scenes would be un-voiced to maintain that heart/fist/crown choice. For instance we wouldn't necessarily have that uniform reaction to Almorra's corpse, perhaps, if we proved totally indifferent or even deeply hostile to Charr/The Vigil all along. But given how they removed our characters entirely from the Fraenir cutscene, if they feel like the story can allow our characters to just disappear from key moments, why not allow us the choice to be snarky or indifferent but just not have that impact the emotional story scenes? Just... just lost opportunities, all around.
This is yet another example of a system with potential that ANet just abandoned. I'm not saying that it's the most awesome thing ever or it's a priority of any kind, but it's just indicative of how easily ANet just gives up on stuff. A huge difference between this approach and another game I play more these days, where the devs (1) openly apologize to the player base for sucking at balance, and (2) revisit old systems to make them relevant, sometimes in very big ways. The willingness to revisit obsolete systems to have them fulfill more potential than anyone ever expected... that sort of thing is what makes a game feel viable moving forward, numbers aside. On the other hand, seeing a great game littered with the ghosts and ruins of potentially awesome systems that will never see the light of day, that just gives off a sense of a game struggling to meet its potential.
anninke.7469 Member ✭✭✭
July 1, 2020 edited July 1, 2020
Maybe they could give us someone to talk to (optional). A bartender, maybe? Was thinking about a friend at first, as there is on one who feels like that. But maybe someone less related would be better, so a bartender or maybe (if I go a little wild) some decently known but not too close person from the PC's race? (Maybe, idk, Kahedins for sylvari, I don't play other races much so I don't know who could work for them.) And if the Commander goes to talk with this NPC there could be several line to choose from to let us choose how much anyone's PC is affected (sorry for lack of better words, hehe).
Edit: Or maybe we could dump it all on Lady Camilla? She's been stalking us since forever, so she knows anyway...
Do not fear difficulty. Hard ground makes sore feet.
All things...grow. And the blossom bothers the weed.
Act with wisdom and axe.
Mahou.3924 Member ✭✭✭
The one that really stands out to me is the female sylvari, who seriously seems to be out of her depths ever since HoT, constantly angry and frustrated with everything and everyone. I had a bit of hope at the ending of LS4, but oh no, in LS5 she went right back into snapping at her supposed friends. (Honestly, I don't like playing the story on this character anymore because of this.)
I had the same impression in how the fem Sylvari PC had always sounded so stressed-out and tensions-loaded in HoT, although I love the voice-acting (and the male Asura sometimes quite asthmatic / out of breath )
@Mahou.3924 said:
Keep in mind that as a Sylvari the PC has to put up with even more discontent than the other races.
Until LS5, pretty much everyone loves the PC and there's rarely any conflicts directed at them, only towards others. But if Sylvari, that's not the case from HoT onwards; the PC is mistrusted during the Modremoth campaign, and it lingers for a long time, too.
Absolutely. And I am sure it is very intentional.
However, considering she also treats her own guild mates like this... And not just in HoT and LS3, but to this day. Don't know about male sylvari, haven't played recent stories with them.
I don't remember the male Syvarie to be that stressed-out. To me, he always sounds quite sophisticated and "normal", even during some high-tension scenes like when you defend Aurene's egg and you-know-who appears (compared to female Sylvari, female Human).
Yasai.3549 Member ✭✭✭✭
The Commander is an extremely stressed individual.
Yu can tell by the dialogue over the seasons that there are lesser and lesser positive options (or options in general) as well as recorded dialogue that they are pretty tired, yet can't say no.
If I play a stupid build, I deserve to die.
If I beat people on a stupid build, I deserve to get away with it.
Hypnowulf.7403 Member ✭✭✭
I'd contend that some asura can be better than that, while others are scatterbrained and overly competitive, but it was the sheer stupidity of the Inquest in LWS4 episode 2 that was dizzying to me.
"Why yes, we do keep samples of a deadly plague that could kill everyone around in not especially secure areas, why do you ask?"
"What's wrong with the password SM4RT3RTH4NY0U?"
"Indeed, we have setup branding experiments in minimally secured areas and we are indeed creating a branded army (of living and undead) as we speak. Do you have a problem with that?"
"Of course, we do pririotise sociopathy over intellect! A superior race would do that, what of it?"
"Yes, we are testing applications of mind control using Kralkatorrik's magic. What do you mean that would put anyone we used it on under Kralkatorrik's control?"
"What do you mean I shouldn't leave password reset emails sitting around for weeks?"
"What do you mean we should use some kind of unique identifier to open doors rather than simplistic puzzles that a child could figure out to secure dangerous areas?"
"What do you mean we shouldn't keep running experiments that have a ridiculously high risk of activating our own Armageddon-level quarantine procedures?"
And this isn't even accounting for the pseudointellectuality in almost everything they wrote and did.
vier.1327 Member ✭✭✭
I think the commander is tired, exhausted from the Tyria Police Department. And also are the regrets and all the lost, from our mentor and all the people that we have killed ( I like to think that sometimes he thinks on them).
Arenanet should give us some quiet episode, just us hanging out with our friends, a party that does not end with a dragon attack ( Ammon and Grothmar), just to remember him for what is fighting.
No drama, no fighting scene, just dialogue and character development.
Where would be the point? I do not know, maybe different dialogue options that end in different weird and funny situation.
Guild Wars 2: Summer Holidays.
I'd love to revist Southsun (minus the Karka, make it instanced) with Dragon's Watch & Friends for some R&R after Icebrood Saga ends. It's probably the one place where all races can enjoy the map, too.
-What do Asura do to relax?
-What do Charr do to relax (note: rock concerts and duel events)?
-What do Sylvari do to relax?
-What do Norn does Braham do to relax?
I want to see Rytlock drunk. I want to see Canach's reaction to Rytlock being drunk. I want to have awkward jokes about Canach's Lair (remember that time when you...).
It could be a great lead-in to the new expansion too. Logan can arrive to enjoy the party and talk to us about Cantha, and then during the conversation everyone can bring up their own personal reasons for wanting to go:
-Taimi to investigate and learn about Kuunavang and DSD
-Canach to try the local culture (and casinos)
-Rytlock because Canach will get in trouble (but also to get away from Charr affairs after the civil war)
-Braham because everyone else is going
-The PC to act as a representative for the Pact, since we are re-establishing contact with Cantha after centuries and need some good ol' diplomacy
The utter chaos can begin an episode or two after we arrive in Cantha, please. I'm tired of jumping into the action as soon as I show up somewhere. It's Cantha, give us some time to take in the scenery and culture before kittens hit the fan.
*And Aurene is an ED now, so there's really no reason for her to get involved right away. Having a ED hang around is bad for diplomacy anyway.
bluecheeseplate.2753 Member ✭✭
@anninke.7469 said:
Maybe they could give us someone to talk to (optional).... And if the Commander goes to talk with this NPC there could be several line to choose from to let us choose how much anyone's PC is affected (sorry for lack of better words, hehe).
There was actually a Dredge NPC in one of LS4's later episodes that allowed us, to an extent, choose our attitudes regarding the social and/or ethical issues the Commander's race faction deals with. For example, if you spoke to the Dredge as a Sylvari, she would start poking holes into the Sylvari philosophy of fervently chasing one's Wyld Hunt. The conversation basically leads to you either stuttering when presented with a hypothetically unethical wyld hunt, or proclaiming that you forge your own path forward. Likewise, an Asura commander would be questioned about their personal thoughts on Inquest influence in Asuran society, which IIRC can range from 'idgaf' to 'Yeah, they're terrible'.
Edit: Found her. Sage Ninukab for anyone who wants to see the dialogue.
@Orimidu.9604 said:
Honestly, same, assuming Commander and co. arrive in Cantha normally and not because of some unforeseen disaster as the Commander's luck usually denotes. I can see it being something like POF's epilogue, ironically enough, where it's mostly just us wandering about and talking to NPCs to learn more about Cantha's current situation at our own pace. Bonus points for branching dialogue opportunities ala No Quarter, but maybe with a skip button.
Plus, I love tropes where everything looks like its coming up roses, when really there's a sh.tfest just waiting to explode beneath. Not unlike LS5's prologue I suppose, but with way more obscurity as to who our villain is. I don't think it would be out of character for Cantha's political powers to actively hinder/undermine any attempts to expose problems in their society.
Sajuuk Khar.1509 Member ✭✭✭✭
Given that Cantha is controlled by a racist, xenophobic, Empire, that violently forced out all non-humans, and even has a "Ministry of Purity" to serve as Secret Police to ensure everyone remains "loyal" to the Empire, I don't see us going there normally. I doubt they would let in even Tyrians, or Elonians, let alone non-humans like Charr, Asura, Sylvari, or Norn. The Zephyrites were seemingly only allowed in becuase they were mostly humans of Canthan descent.
If anything, the expansion may have us working with some rebel/separatist group, and the story is us starting off in Shing Je, then moving into the city, to take down the Ministry of Purity, and free the Empire from thier grasp. With the living world season going into the Echovald, and Jade sea, and probably the ocean, to deal with the Kurzicks and Luxons, and the Water Dragon.
If IBS gets an epilogue map(which it might since it rather uniquely had a prologue), I suspect it would probably involve the Tengu opening the Dominion of Winds finally, with some big end reveal that the Tengu are going back to Cantha one way or another, or something like that.
@bluecheeseplate.2753 said:
I know and I like that one a lot. However talking to this NPC is more like "are you sure you're not wrong?" than "hey, come here and talk, I'll listen (and can relate or at least pretend to)".
With respect to Cantha, two observations:
First, it was the rise of Zhaitan that ended trade with Cantha, not the Ministry of Purity. So it doesn't seem as if they're so xenophobic as to block human visitors. Other races might be more of a problem, but Cantha has always viewed itself as a trading empire - it might well accept nonhumans as long as they remain in designated areas.
Second, trade has been cut off for long enough that Canthan policy may have flipflopped, possibly even multiple times. I suspect we will find ourselves going up against some form of corruption in the Canthan government at some point (that much has pretty much been a constant, it just changes form), but it could well be something that LOOKS functional when we first arrive.
hugo.4705 Member ✭✭✭✭
About Sage ninukab in thunderhead, he just starts saying he admires the krewe system. But just after, because you asura use the speriority complex and say the social system is perfect then ninukab reply that the lack of authority lead to the inquest. And that being tolerated whereas unethical researchs, it's because there are happy persons to receive their researchs. In no way you can state "I freaking like inquest or I hate them deeply" it's always the.... "you know, i don't really share their mindset" or "we agree on both they are bad", I've enough pf the game forcing me to answer a certain way. At least I were able to pick awakened for amnoon....
Shiny links, take a look!
->Ideas: Housing , Designing a new lounge , New GameMode
->Project: ASURAN/PRIMORDIUS EXPANSION available on WIKI.
->NEW: Crucible of Eternity path 4: Legacy on WIKI
->NEW Asurapedia
DaFishBob.6518 Member ✭✭✭
Hey I remember that NPC! I played a Sylvari then too. I seem to remember cheerfully telling her I would kill her if that were my Wyld Hunt but don't worry, that would never be my Wyld Hunt.
My latest threads:
https://en-forum.guildwars2.com/discussion/79102/black-lion-salvage-kit-problem-with-salvage-all-options
https://en-forum.guildwars2.com/discussion/74107/wvw-participation-from-repeatable-achievements
Sheader.6827 Member ✭✭✭
One day, when the story of GW2 ends, if the commander doesn't end up in a mental institution, then ANET would've missed their opportunity to deliver a hammer hitting ending.
If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well it were done quickly. That but this blow might be the be-all and the end-all—here.
Macbeth Act 1, scene 7
Obliviscaris.6937 Member ✭✭✭
July 16, 2020 edited July 16, 2020
Obviously nuts. The moment my character turned down the Elonian wine from Zalambur at the casino meeting, I knew she was not well. Please. I'd be INHALING it if I was under that much stress.
I play a sylvari male. He seems... tired. Just done. Obviously in the heat of battle and while trying to protect people all that goes out the window, but when the smoke clears and the room goes quiet... He feels the weight of everything that's happened and--ThAt'S VAluAbLe!!!
Batel.9206 Member ✭✭✭✭
I ended up rambling. Super-long ramble under the spoiler.
TL;DR: The Commander's an unstable mess and "tired" barely even begins to cover it, especially for sylvari Commanders. Poor them.
I'm about 2/3rds of the way through Path of Fire, and so far the male sylvari Commander just seems utterly bone-weary over everything that's happened. Despairing, even. Fraying at the edges whenever something new inevitably goes wrong. I get the distinct impression he's just barely keeping it together. The events of Season Three really hit him hard, but he's still trying his hardest not to let it show...and failing, more often than not.
Can't speak in-depth for the other potential PCs, but going off of other peoples' comments, I think the sylvari Commander (male or female) sounds so dead tired and depressed because they are. Keep in mind, a sylvari PC has been fighting the dragons - and the world - since they were in the Dream, almost nonstop for...how many years has it been since the personal story started? Seven, eight years now? The sylvari PC has never known the world at a time of peace, unlike the other PCs who are at least young adults by the time the personal story starts, and while they've undoubtedly had various traumatic or difficult times in their life prior to the start of the story, they haven't been fighting for the survival of the world since before birth like the sylvari PC. On top of that, the sylvari PC's Wyld Hunt boiled down to "kill the Elder Dragons."[1] And now they've learned that, nope, you can't do that...you'll end up destroying the world. So the thing they've been subconsciously driven toward since their earliest moment of awareness in the Dream, their literal reason for existence, turns out to be a bad thing and something to avoid. That would definitely leave some serious scars on one's psyche. (That and the whole Mordremoth thing... Heart of Thorns did a number on the sylvari PC.)
Even in the case of the other PCs, they've still been fighting constantly for seven or eight years, and nothing really seems to go right for them. Allies, friends, and mentors die frequently, the world is constantly doomed, and the Commander is often the accidental cause of that doom (or at the least inadvertently exacerbates it). That would take a massive toll on anyone, even the bred-for-war charr or fight-happy norn.
To be honest (without knowing the plot beyond PoF aside from "yet more bad things happen and the world's doomed because of course it is"), I think the Commander is one more catastrophe away from just snapping entirely, and who knows what form that "snap" could take? Yelling at allies and alienating them? Striking out alone because they feel they can't rely on anyone else? Going flat-out insane and actually attacking people (like the sylvari PC very nearly did in Heart of Thorns thanks to Mordremoth messing with their head)? Dragon corruption is a danger... Who knows? It could be a fascinating plot to explore...
[1] What happened to that supposed Wyld Hunt, anyway? Trahearne and the sylvari PC, back in Season Two, figured out the sylvari PC's Wyld Hunt was not to kill Zhaitan or Mordremoth, but ALL of the Elder Dragons. Was that plot point quietly dropped (haven't encountered it since), or is our poor sylvari PC still being driven onward by an impossible Wyld Hunt?
Don't cry, Daniel
Fear not, Daniel
Don't you know you're not alone?
@Batel.9206 said:
You know what? I actually came to believe that this so called Wyld Hunt to kill dragons is a big fat LIE. I mean, the first WH starting your personal story was believable. But the dragon fighting? Come on, it was the Shadow of the Dragon we fought and I really think that the Pale Tree just covered the truth by making the incident into supposed dragon killing Wyld Hunt. And anything figured out in S2 is suspicious at least... (And just to be clear all this is my personal speculation and feelings, nothing I claim to be canonical or dev-intended.)
The s5 ep1 boss fight makes me wonder what team the Human commander is rooting for. When Braham tries to confirm that the group won't listen to Jormag, every other comander imediately replies "right". The Human commander, on the other hand, hesitates.
The Human commander has always seemed tired since Lws3 ep3, when Braham rejected them and the only one who stuck by the commander was Taimi. After that, it's just a conga line of tragedy that's kind of jaded the character.
XenoSpyro.1780 Member ✭✭✭
Especially, since the PC has an ace card that trumps Joko's "don't kill dragons" speech. Aurene.
@Obliviscaris.6937 said:
The moment my character turned down the Elonian wine from Zalambur at the casino meeting, I knew she was not well.
kitten. If only we had a system in place that adjusted a characters personality or behavior based on your actions or choices. Can't quite put my finger on it.
I think the Commander already had a very literal reset moment during PoF - briefly forgot who they were, and had no idea where they were at the time. Not going to spoil it, but it should be fairly obvious (for those of us who played through it) what I'm getting at. After that point, in my head the Commander might indeed get physically exhausted from time to time, but got something of a fresh start again.
@XenoSpyro.1780 said:
Gosh I remember that. Such a waste of potential.
Indeed. I forget where, but I also mentioned that old system in some discussion about possibly giving players more story choices that - while ultimately not affecting the overall story events - still allowed players to develop the Commander's personality as they saw fit. Yet another bit of wasted potential, another system ANet does its best to ignore rather than capitalize on. That approach is slowly killing the game.
The Pale Tree wasn't the one who said it meant fighting Zhaitan. It was Mender Serimon. Why would Serimon cover up a truth he didn't know?
@Westenev.5289 said:
There's a pause for all of them.
"kitten. If only we had a system in place that adjusted a characters personality or behavior based on your actions or choices. Can't quite put my finger on it.3
"Gosh I remember that. Such a waste of potential."
https://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Personality Here you go. Sad the system has been removed. I know I would like to play the bad guy following each time the worst decisions. And affecting the world around. At least there are a few objects and quests that allow me to kill pacific npcs, that's my only fun. Nah, not gonna say where!
Oh yeah, he does talk about an early Wyld Hunt. I kinda totally forgot about him (shame, considering I talk to him pretty much every week. Sorry, Serimon). However he might have simply been misled by the PC speaking about the Dream calling upon to them to beat the threat in there. He's a mender, not a Wyld Hunt expert. And he doesn't even mention the Elder Dragon. Or any other dragon.
What I had in mind happens at the end of the level 10 PS when the PC talks to the Pale Tree who says that yes, your Wyld Hunt is to fight the Elder Dragon. That's what I consider a lie from our dear Pale Mother. Ever since having met the Shadow of the Dragon in the flesh wood and bark. Or at least that's how my main sees it. Guess that's what happens when one gentle ranger soul goes from "all things have a right to grow" to "and now we kill, kill and kill some more for there's no other way".
To counter your argument further: At the end of the personal story, Caithe and the sylvari PC talk about completing the Wyld Hunt:
Caithe: Congratulations, Commander. Our shared Wyld Hunt started together, so it's fitting that we end it together. We've more to do, but for now, rejoice: this victory will become part of the Dream.
Sylvari Commander: Let's hope it inspires the next generation of sylvari.
And during The World Summit in Season 2, Trahearne and the sylvari PC bring it up again, saying that it's returned with an extended task, to kill Mordremoth:
Trahearne: The things we see in our Dream have a way of coming around. Your wyld hunt... Do you feel the call yet?
Syvari Commander: I haven't for some time, but I feel it now. Is this a new one?
Trahearne: It is the same one. You helped to destroy Zhaitan, but that did not complete your wyld hunt. The next phase is beginning.
Syvari Commander: The Elder Dragons...Mordremoth.
Taking it all in, and the Wyld Hunt seems to be to slay all Elder Dragons, Zhaitan was just the first.
Out of curiosity, has the Wyld Hunt been mentioned since then? I never got around to playing very far into the story with a Sylvari character. Would be interesting to know how Aurene fits into the "destroy Elder Dragons" Wyld Hunt.
Nope, completely ignored throughout S3, PoF, and S4. Don't think there's been a mention of it in S5 yet. Technically it's also ignored in HoT too, like a few too many things from S2, like the Priory explorer trio.
Thank you. That's a question I've been wanting to have answered for a long while now (since, as I mentioned earlier, I haven't gotten all the way through the story yet)...I hope it's finally addressed at some point, but I won't keep my fingers crossed.
Edit: Also, since I'm the one who originally asked "what happened to the sylvari PC's Wyld Hunt?" and got us all started chasing that rabbit trail, sorry for getting the thread so off-topic.
It honestly wouldn't surprise me if ANet ends up going "the wyld hunt feeling to kill Mordremoth was actually Mordremoth trying to trick the Commander into coming after them so that he could turn them" or something. If Mordremoth believed he could convert the Pact Commander (which would be one hell of a feat if so), it would explain why Mordremoth would allow Faolain to guide them to the Heart of Thorns during Bitter Harvest.
For non-sylvari, it would be changed to wanting to capture the Commander by bringing them into the heart of their domain with little backup so that the Commander could be overwhelmed, but he didn't expect the Pact to work their way through the Dragon's Stand lanes at the same time, distracting him of the Commander's progress.
TBH, Caithe saying whatever is not much trustworthy either in this particular case, the PC just doesn't know it yet at the end of PS. Still the "kill Zhaitan WH" is something that came from Mordremoth attacking the Dream. And retrospectively it felt like the PC got that one convenietly dumped on their head because they were there and to stop them from being too curious.
However, maybe it would be more accurate to say that the percieved lie problem is not only about the Pale Tree but also (maybe even more) about the whole Dream. Over the years the two of them gradually lost credibility. I'm not really questioning what the PC's Wyld Hunt is (now), I'm questioning what it truly was supposed to be and how much it got intentionally twisted by... let's say good intentions at the beginning. And even if all the oh-so-noble Wyld Hunt stuff is just there to try and shut up/keep busy possible troublemakers.
Last but not least - again, I don't claim that what I said is in any way objective, fact based or canonical. It's mostly how I feel my main toon feels about this stuff after years of running around saving the world in a way painfully incompatible with his initial view of life, while also blaming himself for failing to save his dearest friend and having to kill him.
Still the "kill Zhaitan WH" is something that came from Mordremoth attacking the Dream.
The Shadow of the Dragon was witnessed by many sylvari, and all sylvari who witness the Shadow of the Dragon have Wyld Hunts to fight any Elder Dragons' minions.
The PC is the only one who saw the Shadow of the Dragon and got a Wyld Hunt to kill Zhaitan, but they're not the only sylvari to see it and get an Elder Dragon-related Wyld Hunt.
The sylvari are a young race, yet they face challenges from within and without. A rare few sylvari have seen the shadows of the Elder Dragons in the Dream, warnings of the danger that menaces the awakened world. As a result, the sylvari perceive the global threat posed by the Elder Dragons more clearly than the other races. Undead minions of Zhaitan crawl from the Sea of Sorrows to despoil sylvari land with alarming frequency.
https://www.guildwars2.com/en/the-game/races/sylvari/
If the Dream's intention was to prevent sylvari from finding out about their origins, then why would it outright tell Wynne about their origins? Besides, the Dream does actively send out many Wyld Hunts to counter every Elder Dragon and their minions, even Mordremoth; and as said, it [partially] does so via the Shadow of the Dragon.
Might be a cause of "shadows of the Elder Dragons" vs this particular Shadow of the Dragon who later makes its appearance with this exact name.
That's one of the things not making sense with the Dream and the Pale Tree. The Dream wants the sylvari to know, so it tells Wynne. But still the sylvari don't get to know, because the Pale Tree and Wynne decide they shouldn't and Caithe plays along when she learns about it. But if the Dream really wanted them to know, why didn't it tell others? So was it really intended? Was telling Wynne an accidental slip? In that case, keeping it secret would make sense but can still feel like "I was lied to for years and look where it got me (and Trahearne)" for a sylvari PC. On the other hand, if the sylvari were supposed to know, why the heck did those three ladies keep it secret? And considering how the Pale Tree says that she's just a caretaker and that one shouldn't question the Dream, that feels even worse.
Another thing is, the Shadow of the Dragon we fight in tutorial is hardly just "seen" or "shown by the Dream". After all, Caithe had to be sent there to help stop it and sending already awakened sylvari back doesn't seem to be very common occurence.
The Dream actively giving anti-ED Wyld Hunts, even if generally useful, could still be just a way of keeping the restless busy. Because the Dreams motivations and goals are a complete mystery. (Unless the goal was getting rid of its boss and playing with the minions by it's own rules.)
I think this is giving the Dream too much sentience.
@Sajuuk Khar.1509 said:
Even sapience actually. After all, if there's an entity deciding what I should do with my life, I'd rather it was a sapient one.
And what if the purified Mordy's champion is not the Pale Tree, but the Dream? You know, mind dragon - mind champion.
I would theorize that the Dream wanted to ensure that there was discussion on the course of action between the Pale Tree and sylvari, which happened. It was eventually found out before the end of Season 2, albeit only by Scarlet, who decided to keep quiet as well (while she was still in control of herself and wanting to confront Mordremoth, likely because she knew of the chaos it would cause that would hinder fighting Mordremoth, while after succumbing to Mordremoth, to serve Mordremoth's plan).
Well, Caithe being sent in was done by the Pale Tree.
Mordremoth doesn't control the Dream, that's made clear with HoT. Mordremoth, the Dream, and Nightmare are three separate entities. Like the Pale Tree and White Stag, Mordremoth merely has a strong connection to the Dream and can "hijack" its channels.
Hard to say if it's "too much", since we have far too little knowledge of the Dream of Dreams. It does seem to have some degree of sentience though, given that it is what gives out Wyld Hunts - same for the Nightmare, which gives out Dark Hunts - and these Hunts seem to be working towards and overarching something (that something for Nightmare seems to be its spread over the Dream).
My theory of what the Dream and Nightmare are goes to this line by the Pale Tree:
Avatar of the Tree: The soul of Tyria mourned as her children were cut down by the beast. The land wept, and the world shuddered.
https://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/A_Light_in_the_Darkness
If her line is meant to take even partially literal, how would she know what the "soul of Tyria" felt or how it reacted? Throughout that story instance, the Pale Tree seems to show a fairly high association with the "feelings of the lands", so to speak, which makes me think the Dream and Nightmare may be the... sentience of Tyria, so to speak.
This goes a bit in line with Scarlet's rendition of The All, which draws the Pale Tree in the center - what if the center isn't meant to be the Pale Tree, but what the Pale Tree has access to: the Dream of Dreams. This also explains the vision of Omadd's Machine where we go through the Pale Tree to witness the All - that is, since we're following Scarlet's path/vision from when she was in Omadd's Machien, we're using the Pale Tree's connection of the Dream to witness the soul of Tyria, that is the heart of The All.
That's my theory at least. If it holds any water, we'll be returning to the topic of the Dream and Nightmare soon(tm) as we delve deeper into the histories and natures of the Elder Dragons.
Well, we agree on one thing at least. The Dream being some sort of magical collective (sub)conscious of the planet is one of the most suitable answers to what the Dream is.
Might as well be the case, the alternative can be seen if you watch from the outside. Being in a thread about the Commander's psyche, I took the liberty to use my PC's headcanoned viewpoint on being dragged into the unpleasant events this caused and all the other stuff afterwards.
This doesn't turn the very real attack on the Dream from the outside into a common Wyld Hunt sign, imo. Especially if the Pale Tree (knows) sends in specifically Caithe (knows too).
What I'm trying to say is it looks like the PC fighing the Shadow of the Dragon wasn't a vision/symbol of their Wyld Hunt, but they were given the ED Wyld Hunt because they got to fight the Shadow of the Dragon in the Dream, which had to be explained without revealing the truth about Mordremoth (too soon).
I don't claim it does. This is based on my probably slightly tinfoil-hat-ish theory that the Dream might be the purified dragon champion instead of the Pale Tree and it might want to get rid of it's former boss for good. Also, I think that the Dream and the Nightmare are not necessarily separate entities but more of a split-personality thing where one side refuses to accept and deal with traits represented by the other. Still not sure where to put the Pale Tree, though. The White Stag is... well, it's still waiting right next to my new kitchen's butcher table. How convenient...
To be honest, I find this Pale Tree's line so over-dramatic that I didn't even consider taking it into account... Look who's a nasty cynical kitten, I guess
However, if the Dream of Dreams is really meant to be what you think it may be, then we should definitely get more sings pointing to it so it's not just another hinted but never really used and then completely forgotten thing.
Yes, that would be awesome. I really hope it happens. Just maybe a little sooner than soon (TM).
Edit: Oh my, I totally didn't expect the word for an ugly witch to be kittenified...
Thornwolf.9721 Member ✭✭✭✭
As a male norn commander, I almost feel as though my norn is at that stage that he wants a "Good death". His legend is vast, but how can he end it? He cant let some random guy with a knife do it, and he can't let the dragons do it or the gods. At this stage .... it might just be that he is living so his legend can find a good end, whether better or worse, violent or not.
I imagine at the end he will sit down, and laugh especially if guild wars 2 ends with him being a live.


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The Art of Performance
A Performance Skills Workshop with Raine Geoghegan
Learn how to be confident and effective when reading your work aloud. Suitable for writers of all genres.
How can we free the breath so that it works for us?
What techniques are there to enable us to ground ourselves, feel confident and read our poetry and stories with ease and grace?
What stops us from enjoying the process of reading aloud?
Raine will take us through guided exercises to explore the way in which we use breath, posture and mind when reading our work aloud. She will highlight the restrictions that we put upon ourselves and give clear instructions on how to release them, enabling a more relaxed and calm presentation. We will learn how to stand like an oak tree with our roots going deep into the earth, our spine long and strong, thus enabling a pure flow of energy to be transformed into performance. Raine will also address issues arising from disability and anxiousness.
Each participant is asked to bring a poem, short story or a passage from a novel or song that they would like to work on. Please also bring a notepad and a few coloured pens. The session will end with a mini showcase of the final presentations.
Raine Geoghegan has an MA in Creative Writing from the University of Chichester. Born in the Welsh Valleys, she is half Romany with Welsh and Irish ancestry. She writes poetry, monologues, songs, short prose and flash fiction. For many years she was a professional actor and dancer. She also directed plays as well as devising and facilitating Theatre and Personal Development workshops. She founded 'Writing from the Heart', a Creative Writing and Personal Growth Programme in 2011. Her poems and other writing have been published both online and in print with Under the Radar; Romany Routes Journal; Poetry Ireland Review; The Clearing; The Travellers Times; The Ofi Press and many more. Her work was featured in a documentary film, 'Stories from the Hop Yards' which was shown at the Ledbury Poetry Festival, alongside her reading. Her first pamphlet 'Apple Water: Povel Panni' was launched in December 2018. It was chosen as one of the 2019 Spring Selections by the Poetry Book Society. Her second pamphlet will be published later this year by Hedgehog Poetry Press. She is a Pushcart Prize; Best of the Net; and Forward Prize nominee.
Review of the meeting
Richard introduced Raine Geoghegen (website here ). Raine's writing has been inspired by her Romany heritage. She told us that presenting her poems had led her back to performance, something she had given up after an accident. Raine presented a workshop called 'The Art of Performance.'
The workshop was immersive, and all of us were encouraged to take part.
Signup for details of future meetings
Contact Us - enquiries@westsussexwriters.co.uk or phone 01903 867412
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Website designed and managed by Writers Unlimited

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-Bitcoin news, price, information & analysis Jackie Hart has more than twenty years as a strategist and project manager consultant on both coasts, specifically New York/Silicon Valley. Ms. Hart has managed and led large-scale Fortune 500 software development projects in the high-technology, biotech and financial sectors with market leading companies including Oracle, Microsoft, Genentech, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, and Bechtel. ? With over seven years in the non-profit sector working in strategy, marketing, fundraising Jackie is currently working with organizations and their emergent leaders that are accelerating the blockchain economy by creating ethical and high social impact for humanity and the planet through ChainReaction Labs, a purpose-driven marketing agency where she is Co-Founder. By working with ChainReaction Labs global team she sees the decentralized blockchain technology as a mechanism that can create and sustain a safer, fairer and more prosperous society.


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After more than thirty five years, a friend of mine from high school recently got in touch with me. His name is Doug. We were close friends throughout our middle school and high school years; but as our college years unfolded, life took us in different directions. It was certainly good to hear from him after so long.
As we chatted back and forth about bygone days, he reminded me of an episode that had occurred in high school. It had to do with learning to make God one's highest priority in life.
A little background information is in order. When I was in school, I really did not care all that much for football; but I absolutely loved basketball. And yet, the irony was that I could easily make the football team; but I could not make the basketball team - no matter how hard I tried.
Two years running, in the eighth and ninth grade, I made the football team; but, in both of those two years, and again in the tenth grade, I was among the last ones cut from the basketball team during tryouts. By contrast, my friend, Doug, was not a football player. But he was an exceptional basketball player. If memory serves me correctly, he was the starting point guard in both seventh and eighth grades, and also for the junior varsity team in the ninth grade.
In our conversation, Doug reminded me of that fateful day back in the tenth grade when he had told me after school that he had just gotten cut from the basketball team. At the time, I had not believed him. I thought he was joking, until he left to go home and I went on to practice. Coach Adams strung me along for a few more weeks, and then cut me as well, just before the season started.
What Doug shared with me was how that whole event went on to serve as such a pivotal point in his relationship with God. By his own admission, basketball had become an idol for him. For this reason, Doug now clearly sees that God took it away from him in order that He (God) might draw Doug into a closer relationship with Him.
Doug went on to accomplish some wonderful things. He was either the Valedictorian or Salutatorian of our graduating class - I cannot remember which. Among other things, he also went on to graduate from the United States Naval Academy and then to fly fighter jets off of aircraft carriers! He has had a full and wonderful life in service to his fellow man, and now serves as an Elder in his church.
Giving up basketball was a tough thing for Doug - especially from his perspective at the time as a tenth grader whose world had hitherto revolved around it. But Doug's testimony proves that when we place anything above God, He will invariably require that we give it up for Him! And yet, anytime we undertake such a sacrifice, we win in the long run. It may not be so easy to see at the time; but viewed in retrospect, we almost always see what God had in mind.
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What about you? Has God ever asked you to give something up for Him? Could it be that He is asking this of you even now? If so, then what will you do? Even if it is painful, I encourage you to make the sacrifice. In the long run, you will very likely be glad you did. Just ask Doug!


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text:
Motives & Murders: Cracking the Case
An Orphan's Ordeal
In Boston, 18-year-old Amy Roman is found slaughtered in her South End apartment. Police believe the victim knew her assailant. But when the case goes cold, her determined family undertakes an investigation of their own.
A Secret Life
A pillar of the Haitian community in Spring Valley, New York, is gunned down in his driveway, and the suspects include the victim's terminally ill wealthy second wife, his alleged mistress, and her gun-toting ex-husband.
No Reason to Die
When John and Nancy Bosco are shot at close range in their Bigfork, Montana home, the search is on for a cold-blooded killer. But with few clues and no suspects the case stalls. And John's mother eventually turns to an unorthodox source for help.
Bad Things Happen to Good People
Bob Henry is gunned down in broad daylight outside the Tacoma, Washington warehouse where he works. The execution-style murder looks like a professional hit. But to solve the crime, police need to find the murder weapon.
Bad for Business
Kathleen Smith is bludgeoned to death and her Tempe, AZ home is then set on fire. Investigators have two suspects but no hard evidence to tie either to the murder. And it will take 15 years before a jailhouse tip finally leads cops to the killer.
A glamorous flight attendant disappears and the story makes headlines. An intense search reveals few clues. But a graveside discovery eventually forces police to take a second look at some already familiar faces.


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text:
Heart Disease Home
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Coffee May Up Heart Risks for Some
1 Cup a Day Didn't Sway Heart Risks for Anyone in New Study
By Miranda Hitti
March 7, 2006 -- Drinking a lot of coffee may raise the risk of heart attack in people with a particular gene variation.
That finding comes from researchers including Ahmed El-Sohemy, PhD, of the University of Toronto's nutritional sciences department.
However, drinking one cup of coffee per day shouldn't raise heart risks, El-Sohemy tells WebMD. However, his study -- published in The Journal of the American Medical Association -- doesn't make recommendations about coffee consumption.
"At this point, I don't think most people would make recommendations on the basis of a single study," Tufts University nutrition professor Alice Lichtenstein, DSc, tells WebMD.
"I think it's an interesting study," says Lichtenstein, who studies lifestyle factors that affect heart disease. "It's certainly very well done, but it raises a lot of questions." She didn't work on El-Sohemy's study.
How Much Coffee?
El-Sohemy's team compared about 2,000 people who had had their first nonfatal heart attack to a similar group of people who hadn't had heart attacks.
Participants, who all lived in Costa Rica, completed surveys about their diets, including coffee and other caffeine sources (chocolate, tea, and cola beverages). The researchers focused on people who drank fully caffeinated coffee.
Participants rated how much coffee they drank, ranging up to more than six daily cups. They also noted how they made their coffee; almost all drank paper-filtered coffee.
The researchers also screened participants for a gene that governs the metabolism, or breakdown, of caffeine. About half of both groups of participants had the "slow" variant of that gene, meaning that caffeine lingers longer in their blood.
Heart Attack Findings
Coffee intake was linked to higher risk of heart attack in people with slow caffeine metabolism and who were younger than 59, the study shows.
The study doesn't prove that caffeine caused any heart attacks. Also, coffee intake was actually linked to a lower risk of heart attack in people with fast caffeine metabolism.
"We find that the increased risk is in only those who cannot get rid of it very quickly," says El-Sohemy. He and his colleagues found "absolutely no increased risk in fast caffeine metabolizers. "In fact, there was even a protective effect [for those people], at moderate intakes," El-Sohemy says.
"I think one of the take-home messages is that not everybody responds in the same manner," he observes. "We apply a one-size-fits-all model to advice that we give, but what we're finding is that some people can respond in the opposite direction than others."
"In terms of the specifics of coffee and heart disease, it appears that drinking one cup a day is not associated with any harmful effects, regardless of what a person's genetic makeup is," El-Sohemy says. "And drinking four or more certainly doesn't have any beneficial effects for anybody" -- at least, in this particular study.
Are You a Slow Metabolizer?
Past studies on coffee, caffeine, and heart disease have been "all over the map," El-Sohemy says.
"We reason that if caffeine is in fact bad for you, then maybe [in] people who cannot get rid of it as efficiently we would expect to see more harmful effects in those individuals, and that's exactly what we saw."
The gene test isn't commercially available, El-Sohemy notes. He cautions that people can't tell if they're fast or slow caffeine metabolizers without the test.
"Some people say to me when I present this, 'Oh, I must be a slow metabolizer, because if I have a cup of coffee in the afternoon, I'm up all night,'" says El-Sohemy. However, "although an individual can feel the effects of caffeine on the nervous system, the stimulating effect or the anxiety effect, they cannot feel it just circulating in their blood."
How common is the slow-gene variant? "We don't know the exact prevalence in all the different populations around the world, but there's evidence to suggest that it is quite common, even in a typical North American population," says El-Sohemy.
Pros and Cons of Coffee
El-Sohemy, who drinks a daily cup of coffee, isn't slamming coffee and caffeine.
"One has to balance the risks of heart disease and the risks of other health outcomes, because coffee and caffeine have been associated with a number of different health outcomes, both good and bad," he says.
For instance, he says caffeine has been linked to a lower risk of Parkinson's disease. Caffeine's effects on blood pressure has also been "controversial,' he adds. "There's some indication that it causes a transient increase, but in habitual drinkers, it might actually be associated with a lower blood pressure."
"But even with all these studies now, we have to ask the question, 'Well, what was the genetic makeup of those subjects in those previous studies relating caffeine and heart disease and blood pressure, and any health outcome for that matter?'" El-Sohemy asks.
What About Tea?
Coffee contains lots of other compounds besides caffeine. So does tea, another caffeine source. That complexity can complicate research. Those compounds weren't part of this study.
Why not just compare drinkers of caffeinated and decaf coffee? "That's very difficult, because the decaffeination process gets rid of more than just caffeine," El-Sohemy says.
Also, "people who purposely drink decaf are very different people, so there are other confounders. They have, maybe, a healthier lifestyle and other issues that make it very difficult to understand," he says.
Other things, like hormones and smoking, can also affect caffeine metabolism. The researchers took all of those factors into account in their study, says El-Sohemy.
Role of Genetics
Genetics may be one reason why studies on heart disease and nutrition sometimes yield mixed results, says El-Sohemy.
"It may not have been, necessarily, because studies were flawed, as we've often argued. It could very well be that it's just the genetics of the people that were studied that are different."
"I think we need to move toward incorporating genetic markers into these studies to better understand what exactly is going on, who are the exceptions, and what are the rules that we should be using to be guidelines," says El-Sohemy.
Lichtenstein says more research is needed to see why the pattern was strongest in younger participants, and what contribution, if any, came from caffeine sources besides coffee.
"They did state that the coffee was the major contributor of the caffeine, but you don't know if it's 51% or 99% of the caffeine," Lichtenstein points out. She adds that although the researchers made adjustments for other factors, it's hard to do that perfectly.
"I think people need to look at the data quite seriously, and then they need to see what's going on in some other populations that have similar data, and also to look a little more closely at all sources of caffeine," Lichtenstein says.
WebMD Health News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD on March 07, 2006
SOURCES: Cornelis, M. The Journal of the American Medical Association, March 8, 2006; vol 295: pp 1135-1141. Alice Lichtenstein, DSc, professor of nutrition, Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University. Ahmed El-Sohemy, PhD, Canada Research Chair in Nutrigenomics, nutritional sciences department, University of Toronto. News release, JAMA/Archives.
© 2006 WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Accoring to the US Census Bureau, "Kieran" ranked #50,903 in frequency out of 151,671 surnames for which statistics were released from the 2000 Census. 385 people, or approximately 1 in every 700,681 individuals in the US had this surname in 2000.
Histopolis currently has 6 grave(s) with the surname "Kieran".
Search the Histopols Grave Index for the surname "Kieran".
Surnames that Sound Like "Kieran"
The surname "Kieran" has a Soundex code of K650. The following 176 surname(s) may sound similar to "Kieran" since they share the same Soundex code.


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Mark Chadwick
Nottingham Law School
Nottingham Law School staff
Email: mark.chadwick@ntu.ac.uk
Publications: Go to Mark Chadwick's publications
Course(s) I teach on
Mark is a lecturer at Nottingham Law School. He teaches International Criminal Justice (LLB and LLM), International, European and Comparative Law (LLB) and European Union Law (GDL). Mark is the Course Leader for the LLB International Law course. He is a member of the Centre for Rights and Justice.
Mark supervises Independent Research Projects at LLB, GDL and LPC LLM level, with a particular interest in topics related to international criminal justice.
Mark acts as a visiting tutor for students on both six-month and year-long work placements.
Mark has previously taught on the Comparative Law and Tort Law modules at Nottingham Law School and has worked as a law tutor at the University of Nottingham (2010-2014).
Mark has served as an intern with various organisations, including the University of Nottingham's Human Rights Law Centre (twice, in 2007 and 2009), the International Criminal Court (2008) and the International Bar Association (2008-09).
Mark's research focuses on issues in international criminal justice. He is particularly interested in the processes by which States claim jurisdiction over suspected perpetrators of international crime, including via the notion of "universal jurisdiction". He has previously published on the topics of universal jurisdiction, high seas piracy, and the European Union's commitment to international criminal justice.
Mark published a monograph, Piracy and the Origins of Universal Jurisdiction: On Stranger Tides, in December 2018. Mark's book examines the legal history of high seas piracy, with an emphasis on how States justify claims of jurisdiction over perpetrators and the way in which the prosecution of pirates informs contemporary notions of international criminal justice.
Opportunities arise to carry out postgraduate research towards an MPhil / PhD in the areas identified above
Mark's PhD was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. He has previously collaborated with his former PhD supervisor Professor Olympia Bekou of the University of Nottingham, leading to a publication on the role of the EU in international criminal justice.
"Piracy and Genocide: are the crimes related?", Maritime Risk International, Issue 33(2), March 2019
"The prosecution of pirates was a model for today's system of international justice", The Conversation, 11 January 2019
Piracy and the origins of universal jurisdiction: on stranger tides? (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018)
"Cooperation is the key to defeating pirates – here's why", The Conversation, 21 August 2017
"Justice in Syria: five ways to prosecute international crime", The Conversation, 10 July 2017
"How the International Criminal Court can survive Russian and African scorn", The Conversation, 18 November 2016
"Facilitating EU commitment to the International Criminal Court: The role of the ICC Legal Tools Project" (with Professor Olympia Bekou), in Jan Wetzel (ed.), The EU as a 'Global Player' in Human Rights? (Oxford: Routledge, 2012).
"Modern Developments in Universal Jurisdiction: Addressing Genocide in Tibet", 9 International Criminal Law Review (2009) 359.
See all of Mark Chadwick's publications...
Mark has expertise in matters of international criminal justice, including: the operation of the International Criminal Court (e.g. present cases before it and issues it faces); the prosecution of overseas offenders in national courts (for example, the prosecution of suspected Syrian or Iraqi war criminals in national courts across Europe); and legal issues in high seas piracy.
Law (Full-time) - LLB (Hons)
Undergraduate | Full-time | 2019
https://www.ntu.ac.uk/study-and-courses/courses/find-your-course/law/ug/2019-20/law-full-time
International Law - LLB (Hons)
https://www.ntu.ac.uk/study-and-courses/courses/find-your-course/law/ug/2019-20/international-law
Law - Graduate Diploma in
Postgraduate taught / Professional | Full-time | 2019
https://www.ntu.ac.uk/study-and-courses/courses/find-your-course/law/pf/2019-20/gdl-law-full-time
view all courses taught by me
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Twin Cities Daily Planet (https://www.tcdailyplanet.net/author/krystal-cooper/)
Krystal Cooper
COMMUNITY VOICES | Low price tags and high quality not limited to end of season sales
By Krystal Cooper (Community Voices) | September 25, 2013
Haiyen and Neeson Vang met when they were just fifteen years old, while growing up in Minneapolis off of Lake Street during the 90s. The neighborhood was run down and crime was commonplace. Haiyen and Neeson experienced the effects of that environment. "We were the children from a neighborhood that was a bit forgotten," Neeson said. Haiyen adds, "As teenagers we both skipped school…we gave our parents a hard time and didn't do what we should have done."However, rather than simply accepting the barriers they faced from growing up in a 'forgotten neighborhood,' they began to imagine possibilities for making a better life for themselves and for their community. Haiyen and Neeson remember, "We used to sit and dream together. We used to take the bus or drive around looking at big houses and dream about building a business where not only were we making money so that we could pay our bills and raise a family, but we're also giving back." They also recall some of the challenges of growing up with very little money, "we never shopped regular price; everything was from the clearance rack!" However, items from the clearance rack at many stores are those that are going out of fashion. They mapped out a unique concept: a store with all new, trendy items where nothing was over $10.When they came up with the idea, Haiyen and Neeson had left high school before graduation and were working in retail. Haiyen worked at a small business selling women's clothing and Neeson worked in loss prevention for a major retailer. They didn't know where to start. Then they heard about an upcoming small business training class near their home, in North Minneapolis. In the spring of 2004, they applied to an early version of NDC's Plan it! An Entrepreneur's Guide to Success class being offered in partnership with Northside Economic Opportunities Network (NEON). From that class, they built the foundation to start and grow The Clearance Rack.Later in the fall of 2004, Haiyen and Neeson Vang received a loan from NDC and opened their first store in the neighborhood they knew best, the Phillips Neighborhood, off of Lake Street. Since then they have opened four additional stores throughout the Twin Cities metro area. Today, they provide jobs for more than 20 employees and are able to offer full-time employees benefits like paid time off and training. Neeson says, "It's a blessing for kids who grew up every day having nothing. We beat the odds!"They continue to dream and are now discussing the possibility of expanding The Clearance Rack beyond Minnesota into other states. Haiyen and Neeson discuss the possibility of expanding to a warmer state with laughs, stating it would be good, "just so there'll be a good reason to visit during the cold months here.""We came to NDC with bad credit, no education…and they believed in our idea and they believed in us—most importantly they believed in us," Haiyen concludes. Continue Reading
COMMUNITY VOICES | Mississippi Mushrooms: Where Mushrooms, social justice and economics meet
By Krystal Cooper (Community Voices) | August 23, 2013
What do mushrooms, social justice, and economics have in common? The connection might not seem apparent at first, but Ian Silver-Ramp is happy to connect the dots with some creative thinking and a healthy appetite for entrepreneurship.Ian, who studied agriculture at the University of Minnesota, farmed on a cocoa plantation in Costa Rica, and worked with a major pesticide company for a stint, started off Mississippi Mushrooms with little more than the seed of an idea.Despite ample farming experience, Ian didn't know mushrooms or the ins and outs of starting a small business. He simply knew he wanted the work he did to be consistent his values. "When I first decided I was going to open Mississippi Mushrooms and make a company, I didn't know anything. I hadn't even ever successfully fruited a mushroom," remembers Ian.So, in the spring of 2012, when he heard about Neighborhood Development Center's Plan it! Continue Reading
COMMUNITY VOICES | From near bankruptcy to business owner
By Krystal Cooper (Community Voices) | August 5, 2013
"When I started driving, I basically had nothing left. I was going into foreclosure at that time and I was only making some bills, some not. Whatever savings I had, I had used already," Syed Hassan said, reflecting on what owning his own cab has meant for him.Syed was born in Pakistan and came to Minnesota when the company he was working for in the U.K. offered him a job in the Twin Cities. Excited to start a new life here with his wife and two children, Syed purchased a home and began to settle into the Midwest. Within a year, storm clouds were gathering on the horizon. The company began closing down offices, including Syed's. They offered to relocate him, but since Syed owned a house he said, " No, I'll stay…I'll find a job."Syed is a thoughtful and meticulous planner and approached his job search with vigor. But he struggled to find work in a flagging economy, "A few days, months, then on and on and on, and I'm down to my last buck." Without many options, and knowing he had to help provide for his family, he decided he couldn't wait anymore and started driving cabs.After a year of renting a cab, driving for Airport Taxi and struggling with the $600 weekly taxi rental fee, Syed was ready for a change. In 2009, he heard about NDC's Plan it! entrepreneur training program, offered in partnership with Northside Economic Opportunities Network (NEON), and decided to take the class with the intention of opening a restaurant. Once Syed was enrolled and began studying, he realized that the capital requirement for a restaurant was too high. Like a true entrepreneur, he readjusted his plan.He decided to continue driving a cab but purchased his own to make it truly profitable. By owning his own cab, Syed could save the $600 weekly fee for renting. In 2010, he came to NDC to borrow $10,000, "When I went for the loan, my credit was shot down. Big time. NDC supported me at that time. They could understand what happened, and how I explained it. They understood, they gave me the loan, they took a chance on me."When Syed came to NDC, his credit score was in the low five hundreds but the chance NDC took was not misplaced. He not only paid off his loan, but did so early by making weekly instead of monthly payments. He propelled his credit score 170 points to the high six hundreds.Syed is now contemplating his next steps. He is still exploring the restaurant idea, but for now, he is saving money and continuing to drive taxi. He reasons, "if something is going smoothly, why stop it." Syed will purchase a new taxi to meet city requirements this year and has come back to NDC, "I preferred NDC because if you had somebody with you in your crisis, you try to give them business after." Continue Reading
COMMUNITY VOICES | Dog Soldier Mixed Martial Arts: Making a difference
Tan, rust, brick and mortar walls stand tall in the historic south Minneapolis building where Dog Soldier MMA lies tucked away. Peer into former stable windows and you can see into a world within a world where learning to stand tall is about much more than physical fitness. Vaughn Lodge opened Dog Soldier MMA in March 2013, but the story started long before, in Little Earth. Little Earth is an urban housing complex in south Minneapolis which provides affordable housing with Native preference. Over a year ago, tension was building among different groups within the Native Community. Lodge remembers, "People were coming to me and saying my daughter has been attacked, or my granddaughter has been sold into the sex trade…and for me it was like, what can I do to make a difference? What can I do to make a difference?" It didn't take long for Lodge to decide—He had years of experience in mixed martial arts and knew that this was something he could share, something that would help. He volunteered to teach self defense classes at Little Earth and, from there, the classes blossomed into a structured, disciplined program for more than fifty young people. Lodge realized he wanted to do this full time: to open a gym, but keep it community based. A friend told him to check out the Plan it! entrepreneur training program happening at BiiGiiWiin in partnership with NDC. BiiGiiWiin is a branch of the American Indian Community Development Corporation. Lodge applied and shared his idea: "We come from a warrior culture where, culturally, we fight. We fight all the time. You go to a reservation, trust me, you'll see fights—all the time." Lodge wanted to deconstruct the modern trends that commercialize gangsterism and objectify women. "How do we change that back to our traditional values?" asked Lodge. Thus came Dog Soldier MMA. Dog Soldier was actually a Cheyenne warrior society from the plains, "They were the most feared warriors in all the plains…because they had a code," Lodge stated. BiiGiiWiin and NDC welcomed Lodge into the Plan it! program. He learned fast, developed a business plan and found a location to lease. With NDC's help he accessed pro bono legal assistance to review his lease and worked with his landlord to convert the space into a gym. He now has three different payment plans for classes offered twice a day. Dog Soldier MMA is growing but Lodge has not forgotten his roots. He continues to waive tuition for his high school students who cannot pay on the condition that they maintain a 2.5 GPA, 80% attendance and complete 20 hours of verifiable community service. "It's a fine balance between what you give the community and then what you take for yourself," Lodge noted. Lodge is learning to manage the balance well! Continue Reading


I've been drinking raw milk these days and we skim off the cream to use for other things, like making butter. To make cheese, can I use just the cream or do I need to use unskimmed milk?
Wow I have never even had raw milk before but if you can make cheese with it I might be tempted. I have heard of people using the cream off the top before too (tastes naturally sweeter) but I have never heard of cheese.
You havnever heard of raw milk cheese? The FDA is making a huge deal about it these days, but I have actually found it at the local grocery store and we are getting a new farmers market that is going to sell nothing but raw milk and raw cheese.
My mother-in-law makes cheese from the fresh milk from the farmer, citric acid and rennet. She brings it to a boil and scoops it out to put into molds. She uses all the milk not just the cream. It actually tastes good and is used like mozzarella. It doesn't melt as well as store-bought but the taste is fantastic. She will roll some of them in olive oil and hot pepper flakes to give it a different taste.


Engage Partners with Speedshift! - ENGAGE Construction Management & Consulting Inc. | ENGAGE Construction Management & Consulting Inc.
Engage is pleased to announce that it has entered into a strategic partnership agreement with Speedshift Services Inc. (speedshift.ca). Engage provides best in class agent-based project and construction management services and Speedshift provides best in class quality assurance and materials management expertise. We are both confident that our combined service offerings will create value for select owner groups by providing an alternative to the traditional EPC or EPMC models, with a benefit of our model being the owner is not relegated to a passive observer during the life of their project.


This former official dodged jail time in the Flint water crisis, just has to write an apology letter.
A Michigan district court judge ordered that Corinne Miller, the former director of epidemiology at the state's Department of Health and Human Services, publicly apologize to the residents of Flint for withholding information about the presence of the Legionella bacteria, the microbe that causes Legionnaires' disease, in the city's drinking water.
After pleading no contest to a charge of neglect, Miller also got a year's probation and 300 hours of community service — essentially a slap on the wrist. She is cooperating with special prosecutors pursuing cases against several former employees of the health department and the state's Department of Environmental Quality for their role in Flint's water crisis.
Twelve Flint residents were confirmed to have died in 2014 and 2015 from Legionnaires' disease, an extreme type of pneumonia. But in January, statistics released by Genesee County, where Flint is located, appeared to confirm public health experts' suspicions that the city's water in fact caused additional pneumonia deaths.
Miller's attorney argued against her having to make a public mea culpa, but Judge Jennifer J. Manley said the demand was "perfectly appropriate in this case." Considering that even more people were sickened than previously believed, it's the least she could do.
Climate activists carved a clever message into a Trump golf course.
Trump is sending Obama's auto fuel economy standards back to the drawing board.


What to play if you loved The Free Ones?
We have selected a variety of games to recommend based on you loving The Free Ones. You can explore them, and find recommendations based on them as well.
Based on the themes and genres of The Free Ones, we recommend checking these top 50 game lists.


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As a disclaimer, this post probably interests me much more than you. I won't be offended at all if you skip it. I will say, however, that there is a very pretty picture at the end that makes it worth scrolling down. Please come back tomorrow when we're back off topic (smile)!
A month or so ago, I wrote a lament on my lack of motivation. Somewhere in there I realized how whiny I sounded and after a mental smack I decided to stop the whining and set some goals to actually move forward! November was a pretty exciting and busy month, but I feel I've made a little progress – and something's almost always better than nothing, right?
1. Find something satisfying in every day.
There were certainly days when this was hard – difficult – challenging – painful even. But on the whole I think I managed. Obviously the vacation days were much easier than the days spent at work, but looking back I think I am most proud of myself for pushing through on those painful days.
2. Remember to be grateful for each experience, be it big or small.
Yeah, so I'm just going to go ahead and admit to a slight fail on this one. There are things that happened last month that still just irritate me. I haven't found my way around my irritation yet, but I have hope for the future. The other half of the month, well let's just say it went a long way in reminding me of why my life really is pretty awesome (smile).
3. Cut back on the daydreaming and be more present in each daily scenario.
4. Create a thought board with my bigger goals made by smaller pictures to remind myself that this is how we create our worlds.
I haven't actually started on this one yet, beyond thinking of the direction I want to go in. I almost want to wait until January for this one, but we shall see.
5. Take one small task that I've been trying to turn into a habit and do it.
Yeah, just not even close. Unless I can claim #1 here, in which case I have a maybe. I'll take it!
Researching? No. But I did re-find my motivation this month – and really that's most of my battle!
7. Focus on an area of my life I want to change and begin the steps of pursuit.
8. Find activities to participate in that take place during the week.
9. Put dates on my To Do list and stick with them.
I have made great progress on this one actually and I'm pretty proud of myself. Maybe next month this one can go under #5 as well (smile)!
10. Breathe deep and let it be.
← Weekly Photo Challenge: Let There Be Light(s)!
I am feeling a bit unmotivated myself these days (particularly at work) and need to be more focused and planful with my time. Love the picture of the island and hope to see more of your trip pics soon!
Thanks so much! No doubt there will be more coming soon (depending on editing time). It was such a nice break! This time of year seems to make it especially hard to focus and follow the schedule. I'm not sure what it is but there's something in the air!
I really enjoyed you post. I can really relate to number 2. I found the week goes a little bit better if you can find joy in the smallest thing. Always looking for something big to happen can lead to disappointment so by smiling at something little really does help. Thank you for your post.
Thank you for stopping by and for reading the whole post! 🙂 I'm finding that keeping tabs on these goals has actually worked wonders on my daily attitude already. It's so easy to get caught up in fixing problems and forgetting to be happy for those moments that only require appreciation. You're so right, sometimes a smile at something that goes "right" or that is just "normal" can really help turn a mood around.


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