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Värnplikt eller militärtjänst är en skyldighet att tjänstgöra i ett lands krigsmakt. Den är oftast begränsad till män av en viss ålder som är medborgare i landet, men kan även omfatta personer med exempelvis uppehållstillstånd, och i ett fåtal länder kvinnor. Kännetecknande för värnplikt är att soldater rekryteras obligatoriskt med hot om böter, fängelsestraff eller avrättning, istället för på frivillig väg.

Värnplikt brukar i fredstid bestå av mönstring, grundutbildning och repetitionsutbildning. Den kan leda till inkallelse vid mobilisering. Värnplikt har traditionellt omfattat män, men värnplikt för båda kön finns i bland annat Sverige och  Israel.

Historia
I forntidens äldsta samhällen såväl som hos medeltidens vandrande folkslag var hären och folket liktydiga begrepp. Varje vapenför man var krigare. Då gällde således allmän värnplikt. I den mån statsorganismerna stadgades, ordnades krigstjänstskyldigheten. I Greklands stadsstater och i Romerska riket grundade den sig på alla fria mäns rättighet att försvara sitt land, det vill säga på allmän värnplikt, dock i vanliga fall utsträckt endast till den fria befolkningen. Under medeltiden utträngde visserligen feodalväsendets vasallhärar och sedermera kungarnas värvade trupper de på den allmänna värnpliktens grund bildade folkbeväpningen eller bondehärarna; men i nödens stund måste man dock tillgripa dem, och under 1500- till 1700-talen, då alla stater underhöll värvade härar, fylldes luckorna i dessa med uppbådat eller tvångsvärvat folk, när någon annan utväg inte fanns. Därvid slapp dock de högre samhällsklasserna undan liksom vissa landsdelar och städer.

Det var franska revolutionen, som åter väckte den allmänna värnplikten till liv. Först vädjade man till frivilligheten (1791). Men då denna utväg inte räckte till tillgreps även tvångsrekrytering (1792), och slutligen genomfördes 1793 massuppbåd, varefter genom 1798 års konskriptionslag alla män mellan 20 och 25 års ålder förklarades skyldiga till krigstjänst. Medelst denna allmänna värnplikt (tillsammans med värvning) fyllde Napoleon I sina härar, och då de inkallade soldaterna tämligen godtyckligt hölls kvar i tjänst, betydde bestämmelsen om tjänstetidens begränsning inte mycket. För att kunna motstå de franska härarna nödgades övriga stater så småningom byta ut värvningen mot allmän värnplikt, vilket fullständigt skedde vid Preussens resning 1813 (se Lantvärn). Den nya anordningen sattes fullständigt i system genom de preussiska rekryterings- och lantvärnslagarna 1814 och 1815, som införde allmän värnplikt utan rätt att "sätta man i sitt ställe". Därvid kunde dock ej på långt när alla värnpliktiga inkallas till verklig tjänstgöring, oaktat tjänstgöringstiden nedsattes ända till två år. I alla övriga stater på Europas fastland byggdes härordningen efter 1815 också på allmän värnplikt (med rätt till friköpning eller att sätta man i stället), varvid dock i allmänhet endast ett mindre antal manskap inkallades i tjänstgöring och där kvarhölls längre tid eller ock en del manskap ersattes med sådana, som gjorde tjänst in i andras ställe eller mot betalning kvarstannade. Genom dylika åtgärder kom man småningom ifrån värnpliktens grundsats om allas lika skyldighet mot staten och från fördelen att äga en talrik, ungdomsfrisk och kraftfull armé.

Sedan Preussen genom utvecklingen av sitt härväsen (1859–1866) fullständigare än förut kunde tillgodogöra sig den allmänna värnpliktens stora tillgång på manskap, förmådde dess framgångar i krigen 1866 och 1870–1871 alla andra större stater (utom Storbritannien) att övergå till det preussiska systemet.
Genom att inskränka undantag och befrielser från krigstjänst till det minsta möjliga, genom att inskränka tjänstgöringstiden till 2–3 år och öka fredsstyrkan så mycket, att allt eller nästan allt tjänstdugligt manskap kan övas, och genom att ytterligare utsträcka hela tjänstetiden lyckades man driva upp härarna till väldig styrka. Till början av 1900-talet hade man i ordets verkliga bemärkelse skapat "folk i vapen". De värnpliktigas hela tjänstetid utgjorde 1913 i Tyskland 25 år, i Frankrike 28 år, i Italien 19–22, i Österrike-Ungern 22, i Ryssland 23, i Belgien 13, i Rumänien 25, i Danmark 16 och i Schweiz med sitt milissystem 29 år, oberäknat i några stater någon tids landstormsskyldighet före den vanliga tjänstskyldighetens inträde, i Norge 20 år förutom landstormsskyldighet från 18 till 55 års ålder.

Värnplikt i Europa
I Europa är tendensen att värnplikten avskaffas i allt fler länder. Sedan det kalla krigets slut har de värnpliktiga massarméerna avskaffats i allt fler länder och ersatts av betydligt mindre och högteknologiska yrkesarméer.

Som första europeiska land avskaffade Storbritannien 1963 värnplikten. Inom det sista dryga decenniet har Belgien, Frankrike, Luxemburg, Nederländerna, Spanien, Italien, Ungern, Slovakien, Portugal, Tjeckien, Lettland, Rumänien, Malta och Slovenien övergått från värnpliktsarméer till yrkesarméer. Bulgarien och Polen avskaffade värnplikten 2008 respektive 2012. I de länder som har kvar värnplikten har andelen värnpliktiga som verkligen inkallas till militär tjänstgöring blivit allt färre efter det kalla krigets slut och i de flesta europeiska länder är värnplikten inte längre allmän, utan kan definieras som utskrivning på den allmänna värnpliktens grund. Undantag finns emellertid. I exempelvis Finland, Grekland och Österrike tas fortfarande en stor majoritet av alla män ut till värnplikt.

Ett allvarligt problem med både de nya yrkesarméerna och de nygamla utskrivna arméerna är att soldaterna i allt högre utsträckning rekryteras från de lägsta socialgrupperna, medan framförallt den bildade medelklassen ställer sig alltmer främmande till att delta i landets försvar. Det blir därmed paradoxalt nog allt svårare att rekrytera de utbildade ungdomar som behövs för ett modernt högteknologiskt försvar.

Albanien
Albanien har allmän värnplikt för män. Men i slutet av år 2010 i avskaffades den allmänna värnplikten för män i Albanien och styrkorna kommer allt mer att satsa på att skapa ett helprofessionellt försvar. Grundutbildningens längd är 6 månader för dem med akademisk examen, 12 månader för övriga.

Andorra
Andorra har ingen armé. Frankrike och Spanien svarar gemensamt för Andorras försvar.

Belgien
Belgien har sedan 1995 en yrkesarmé.

Bosnien och Hercegovina
Bosnien och Hercegovina har sedan 2006 en yrkesarmé.

Bulgarien
Bulgarien har sedan 2008 en yrkesarmé.

Cypern
Cypern har allmän värnplikt för grekisk-ortodoxa män med en cypriotisk fader. Män tillhörande andra av staten erkända kristna samfund, som katoliker, armenier och maroniter, kan frivilligt göra militärtjänst. Turk-cyprioter inkallas inte.

Tjänstgöringstiden är 14 månader.

Danmark
Danmark har värnplikt för män. Den är dock inte allmän, utan den danska värnpliktslagen föreskriver ett lottningssystem. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 30 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. 2/3 av dessa är frivilliga. Grundutbildningens längd är 4–14 månader. De flesta värnpliktiga tjänstgör 9 månader. Den danska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 28 000 personer, varav 6 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005). Värnpliktiga tjänstgör också i den statliga räddningstjänsten. Se Brandförsvar. Grönländska och färöiska män är inte värnpliktiga.

Estland
Estland har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 30 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 8 eller 11 månader. Den som genomfört grundutbildningen kan inkallas till repetitionsutbildning vart femte år. Den estniska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 4 000 personer, varav 1 500 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Finland

Finland har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 80 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning vilket är det största antalet värnpliktiga i Europa. Grundutbildningens längd är 165, 255 eller 347 dagar (fr.o.m 1 mars 2013). Repetitionsutbildningens längd är enligt lag 40, 75 eller 100 dagar, i praktiken betydligt kortare. Den finländska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 25 000 personer, varav 14 600 värnpliktiga och 130 frivilliga kvinnor (år 2007).

Personer med åländsk hembygdsrätt är befriade från värnplikt, då Åland är enspråkigt svenskt, och kommandona i Finlands försvarsmakt är på finska, även i den svenskspråkiga truppenheten. Jehovas Vittnen var mellan 1985 och 1 april 2019 befriade från värnpliktstjänstgöring i fredstid.

Frankrike
Frankrike har sedan 2001 en yrkesarmé.

Grekland
Grekland har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 75 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 12 eller 17 månader. Vissa kategorier värnpliktiga, som söner från stora familjer och män med två eller flera barn, har kortare grundutbildning. Den grekiska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 160 000 personer, varav 120 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Irland
Irland har en yrkesarmé. Irland har aldrig haft värnplikt.

Island
Island har ingen försvarsmakt. NATO svarar för Islands försvar. Island har dock deltagit med fredsbevarande militär personal i Bosnien och Afghanistan.

Italien
Italien har sedan 2005 en yrkesarmé.

Kroatien
Kroatien har idag en yrkesarmé. Den kroatiska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 60 000 personer, varav 20 000 utgjordes av värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Lettland
Lettland har sedan 2007 en yrkesarmé.

Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein har sedan 1867 ingen armé.

Litauen
Litauen har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 10 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 6 månader för dem med akademisk examen, 12 månader för övriga. Den litauiska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 12 000 personer, varav 3 500 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Luxemburg
Luxemburg har sedan 1967 en yrkesarmé.

Malta
Malta har en yrkesarmé. Malta har aldrig haft värnplikt.

Moldavien
Moldavien har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 15 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 3 månader för den som avlagt akademisk examen, 12 månader för övriga. Den moldaviska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 7 000 personer, varav minst 5 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Montenegro
Montenegro har efter sin självständighetsförklaring avskaffat värnplikten 2006 och infört en yrkesarmé.

Monaco
Monaco har ingen armé. Frankrike svarar för Monacos försvar.

Nederländerna
Nederländerna har sedan 1996 en yrkesarmé. Värnplikten är visserligen inte avskaffad, utan har skjutits upp, vilket i praktiken betyder att ingen behöver mönstra, men att alla män från 17 år till 45 år är värnpliktiga och därför ska göra militärtjänst om läget kräver det.

Nordmakedonien
Nordmakedonien har en yrkesarmé sedan år 2008.

Norge
Norge har allmän värnplikt sedan 12 apr 1907, då Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov § 119 antogs. . I praktiken inkallas ungefär 15 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 6-12 månader. De som uttagits för tjänstgöring i hemvärnet gör 6 månader, men skall också göra två veckors repetitionsövningar per år till 44 års ålder. Den norska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 15 000 personer samt 7 500 värnpliktiga (år 2019). 2013 infördes kvinnlig värnplikt i Norge. Den började gälla från 2015.

Polen
Polen har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 20 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 3 månader för dem med akademisk examen, 9 månader för övriga. Den polska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 85 000 personer, varav 38 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Polen skall övergå till en yrkesarmé år 2012.

Portugal
Portugal har sedan 2004 en yrkesarmé.

Rumänien
Rumänien har sedan 23 november 2006 en yrkesarmé.

Ryssland
Ryssland har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 11 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 12 månader för studenter och 24 månader för övriga. Deserteringar är mycket vanligt förekommande på grund av misshandel, utpressning och undernäring. Den ryska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 1 200 000 personer, varav hälften värnpliktiga (år 2005). En övergång till en yrkesarmé är under utredning, men försvarsbudgetens struktur och försvarsmaktens nuvarande organisation försvårar denna övergång.

San Marino
San Marino har ingen värnplikt.

Serbien
Serbiens värnplikt upphörde år 2010. Systemet fungerar som så att rekryterna anmäler sig frivilligt. Grundutbildningens längd är 9 månader. Den serbiska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 75 000 personer, varav 40 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Schweiz
Schweiz har allmän värnplikt för män. Närmare 95 procent av de värnpliktiga inkallas till grundutbildning, men på grund av frikallelser är det under senare år endast ungefär en tredjedel av alla inkallade som fullgör sin grundutbildning. Den som frikallas från värnplikten betalar 3 % av den skattepliktiga inkomsten i värnpliktsskatt per år. Grundutbildningens längd är 21 veckor. Den årliga repetitionsutbildningens längd är sammanlagt 102 eller 119 dagar, som skall göras före 34 års ålder. Den schweiziska försvarsmakten är en milisarmé där nästan all personal, chefer, stabspersonal, instruktörer och tekniska specialister är värnpliktiga.

Slovakien
Slovakien har sedan 2006 en yrkesarmé.

Slovenien
Slovenien har sedan 2004 en yrkesarmé.

Spanien
Spanien har sedan 2002 en yrkesarmé.

Storbritannien
Storbritannien har en yrkesarmé. Storbritannien har haft värnplikt 1916–1919 och 1939–1960. Se: Storbritanniens försvarsmakt

Sverige

Sverige har sedan 1901 allmän värnplikt. Efter en jämn omröstning (153-150) i Sveriges riksdag den 16 juni 2009 beslöts det att, från och med 1 juli 2010, värnplikten och repetitionsutbildningarna skulle vara vilande i fredstid. Samtidigt ändrades lagen så att den blev könsneutral, vilandeförklaringen medförde att regeringen hade möjlighet att på eget bevåg återuppväcka hela eller delar av plikten. Istället kunde man genomföra en frivillig grundläggande militär utbildning. Även om värnplikten var vilande var alla 18-åringar, män som kvinnor, skyldiga att lämna information till Rekryteringsmyndigheten genom ett frågeformulär. Det så kallade beredskapsunderlaget skulle användas som underlag om Sveriges regering beslutade att återuppväcka plikten. Lät man bli att genomföra formuläret var man tvungen att betala ett vite. Enligt regeringsbeslut i december 2014 återuppväcktes skyldigheten att genomföra repetitionsutbildning.

Den 2 mars 2017 fattades ett regeringsbeslut om att återuppväcka även plikten att genomföra mönstring och militär grundutbildning. Därmed var värnplikten i sin helhet återuppväckt och i kraft av 2010 års lagändring med samma pliktkrav för både kvinnor och män. Svenska medborgare födda 1999 blir de första att kallas in för mönstring. Den nya plikten använder sig fortsatt av det obligatoriska beredskapsunderlaget. Utifrån beredskapsunderlaget kallas c:a 13000 personer till mönstring. Därifrån kallas sedan personer till militär grundutbildning. Antalet som kallas till värnplikt bestäms utifrån hur många som anmäler sig på frivillig basis. Minst 4000 varje år ska genomföra värnplikt och försvarsmakten tror att cirka 2000 av vara från den grupp som kallats till mönstring. Samtliga som undergår militär grundutbildning, oaktat om de mönstrat eller ej kommer under utbildningen omfattas av värnplikt. Värnplikten genomförs enligt det nya system för grundutbildning som infördes 2016 och kommer därmed att pågå i 9-11 månader.

Den svenska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka på omkring 20 000 personer, med ytterligare deltidstjänstgörande personal, inklusive Hemvärnet uppgår siffran till ca 50 000 (år 2016).

Från mitten av 2000-talet kunde den svenska värnplikten i princip anses vara frivillig, eftersom nästan alla inryckande personer då hade ansökt på frivilliga grunder. Alla svenska män blev dock fortfarande tillfrågade om de var intresserade av att göra värnplikt. Svaret var dock inte avgörande. Det år en svensk man fyllde 18 fick han ett brev med en inloggningskod och en personlig underskriftskod. Den första koden var till för att logga in på Pliktverkets hemsida och där besvara ett frågeformulär. Frågorna handlade bland annat om viljan att genomföra värnplikten, om familj, vänner, skola, träning och medicinska frågor. Efter det att alla frågor besvarats, undertecknades formuläret med den personliga underskriftskoden.

Om mannen bedömdes som lämplig för tjänstgöring, kallades han via brev till mönstring på ett av Pliktverkets regionkontor. Kvinnor som hade ansökt om det, kallades till antagningsprövning, vilken gick till på samma sätt som mönstring.

Under mönstringen/antagningsprövningen genomfördes vidare tester i form av konditionstest, styrketest, inskrivningsprov och en allmän medicinsk undersökning där bland annat rörelsemekaniken, lungor och hjärta (EKG) kontrollerades, följt av samtal med psykolog och läkare. Slutligen fick aspiranten träffa en inskrivningsförrättare, som hjälpte honom att hitta tre passande tjänster och som fanns inom ramen för hans mönstrings-/antagningsprövningsresultat. Aspirantens ansökan skickades sedan till förbanden som med hjälp av resultaten från mönstringen/antagningsprövningen avgjorde om han blev antagen.

Tjeckien
Tjeckien har sedan 2005 en yrkesarmé.

Tyskland
Tyskland har sedan 1 juli 2011 avskaffat den allmänna värnplikten. Man kan istället göra en frivillig militärtjänstgöring som varar mellan 12 och 23 månader, varav 6 månader är provtjänstgöring. Den 1 juli 2011 ryckte 3 375 män och 44 kvinnor in för att göra frivillig militärtjänstgöring. Maximalt kan 15 000 män och kvinnor per år antas för att göra frivillig militärtjänst i den tyska försvarsmakten Bundeswehr.

Ukraina
Ukraina har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 20 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 12 månader. Den ukrainska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 300 000 personer, varav 250 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005). Ukraina planerar att övergå till en yrkesarmé år 2015.

Ungern
Ungern har sedan 2005 en yrkesarmé.

Vatikanstaten
Vatikanstaten har en yrkesarmé. Se: Vatikanstatens militär.

Vitryssland
Vitryssland har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 35 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 12 månader för den som avlagt akademisk examen, 18 månader för övriga. Den vitryska försvarsmakten har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 80 000 personer, varav 30 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005).

Österrike
Österrike har allmän värnplikt för män. I praktiken inkallas ungefär 75 procent av de värnpliktiga till grundutbildning. Grundutbildningens längd är 6 eller 8 månader. Repetitionsutbildningens längd är 2 månader för dem som gjort 6 månaders grundutbildning. Den österrikiska försvarsmakten, Bundesheer, har i fredstid en personalstyrka om cirka 40 000 personer, varav 17 000 värnpliktiga (år 2005). Den 19 januari 2013 hölls det en rådgivande folkomröstning om fortsatt värnplikt vs. yrkesarmé. Utslaget blev cirka 60 procent för bibehållen värnplikt, vilket de största partierna lovat respektera.

Värnplikt i övriga världsdelar

Australien
Australien har ingen värnplikt utan yrkesmilitär.

Iran

Iran har allmän värnplikt för män.

Israel
Israel har värnplikt för både män och kvinnor, kvinnor gör 22 månaders värnplikt, men inga repetitionstjänst, män gör 36 månaders värnplikt och repetitionstjänst tills 55 års ålder. Värnplikten gäller judar och druser, men inte kristna och muslimer. Militärtjänst på frivillig basis är dock möjlig för dessa.

Singapore
Alla singaporesiska män är värnpliktiga från 18 till 40 års ålder. Första tjänstgöring omfattar två år. Under de närmaste tio åren därefter genomförs repetitionsövningar med 21–40 dagars tjänstgöring varje år. Den allmänna värnplikten för män är konsekvent och kategorisk i Singapore. Efter mönstring placeras den värnpliktige i en tjänst som motsvarar hans fysiska och psykiska förmåga. Överviktiga rekryter genomgår först en 19 veckors allmänmilitär utbildning med viktminskning som mål. Vapenfri tjänst existerar inte och vapenvägran bestraffas med upp till tre års fängelse.

Som svar på en note verbale från FN:s kommission för mänskliga rättigheter om värnpliktsvägran förklarade Singapores regering 1999 att FN:s deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna och FN:s konvention om medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter innehåller artiklar som begränsar utövandet av de garanterade rättigheterna med hänsyn till allmän ordning och samhällets välfärd. Man anmärkte särskilt att ett nationellt försvar är en grundläggande rättighet för en suverän stat enligt folkrätten och en oundgänglig nödvändighet för bevara ett lands självständighet. När en individs tro eller handlingar strider mot denna rättighet måste statens rätt att bevara nationens säkerhet få överhanden. Därvid, fortsatte man, är allmän värnplikt en grundläggande förutsättning för att små länder skall kunna upprätthålla sin nationella säkerhet. Där några stater kan ha "lyxen" av yrkesarmé är värnplikten ofta det enda sättet för små stater, som Singapore, att bygga upp ett försvar effektivt nog att avskräcka en angripare.

Sydafrika
Sydafrika har ingen värnplikt utan yrkesmilitär.

Thailand
Thailand har en blandad version av obligatorisk och frivillig värnplikt för män. Vid mönstringen, som kan ske när som helst mellan 21 (frivilligt från 18 år) och 30 års ålder, har varje region ett fast antal platser som ska tillsättas. Urvalet sker genom att alla som genomfört och godkänts på proven får plocka en boll ur en dold behållare. Svart boll innebär ingen värnplikt, röd boll innebär värnplikt. Först tas de frivilliga ut och lika många röda bollar plockas ur behållaren, därefter får de som inte frivilligt överlämnat sig till värnplikt ta en boll var. I teorin kan alla tas ut frivilligt. De som blir uttagna gör en värnplikt på 24 månader, de som frivilligt antagits bara sex till åtta månader.

USA
USA har aldrig haft allmän värnplikt i den meningen att alla vapenföra män verkligen inkallats till tjänstgöring, men 1862–1865 (inbördeskriget), 1917–1919 (första världskriget), och 1940–1973 (andra världskriget och därefter), uttogs en stor del av årsklassernas män för militär utbildning och tjänstgöring.

Under Vietnamkriget blev de stora förlusterna bland värnpliktiga en politisk belastning vilken undergrävde det amerikanska folkets vilja att slutföra kriget. Därför infördes 1973 ett yrkesförsvar med frivillig rekrytering och tidsbegränsad anställning. Försvaret fungerar även som ett medel för låginkomsttagare att få utbildning då dess utbildningar rankas högt. Försvaret kan även efter avtjänad tid betala en plats på college.

Däremot finns ett system där männen måste registrera sig, så att de kan kallas in i yttersta nödfall om USA angrips militärt.

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Another fun-filled day...though not as hectic.
I woke up around 11am.Knowing that mommy wanted to do shopping, I tried to make myself available for her. Which meant that instead of taking a Fazoli's run with Molly and Johnson, we stayed in town and hit Panera. So I was back home by about 3. But Mama didn't get home until 4, so we probably could have gone up to Kenosha. But oh well. During Thanksgiving!
Anyway, Mama and I made a quick run to Target...buying small stuff that I've run out of like shampoo and face wash. Then we went to dinner at the Olive Garden. Mmm...more real food! The parents, Judy, Chris, Zoe, Dave and Katie all came for my goodbye dinner. Yay!
After, I went over to Becca's to hang out with her for a bit. 'Twas fun. Short, because the silly girl has homework and school in the morning, but fun never the less.
Now I'm packing up stuff I need to bring back to school, and chilling out. I'm leaving early in the morning, so I should get some more sleep than usual. Besides, I'm exhausted today for some reason. So I'll probably wrap this up, and not work on my history homework. (I actually did French homework earlier!) So, goodnight y'all.


text:
Home Top Lists Top 20 Most Popular K-POP Female Singers 2023
Top 20 Most Popular K-POP Female Singers 2023
Pop Mellow
Img: scmp
K-pop is a massive kingdom of female musicians. Unlike other countries, the visible gender difference in bands makes it all the more necessary to view it from different aspects. In this article, we are going to discuss the top 20 world's most popular K-pop female artists of 2023.
Read: Top 20 Most Popular K-POP Groups in the World 2023
This chart isn't any sort of judgment of merit or anything like that. We have tried our best to pick these beautiful musicians from their recent activities. Let us know who we missed, we'll try to add them in the next article.
1. IU
Img: Viki
The South Korean star musician started singing at a very early age and joined Krakao entertainment at the age of 14 to train. IU's first release was a mini-album in 2008 named Lost and Found. After that, the musical prodigy released another couple of albums getting into the light of fame. As soon as she released the song "Good Day", IU's popularity went through the roof, the single spent five whole weeks on the Gaon Digital Chart and she became the talk of Kpop. The singer has made her entry in the US Billboard chart and several other international music charts. Her latest album was released in 2023 named Lilac.
2. Taeyeon
Img: hellokpop
Taeyeon started her career in 2007 in the girl group Girls' Generation. The band became one of the most popular female bands in the entire country and provided Taeyeon with a huge platform to spread her voice. After going solo in around 2015, she released the first EP I. It was a success and a great start to a solo career. Although Taeyeon has only released two albums so far, she has worked on various EPs. To mention some successful works of this wonderful singer, there are "11:11", "Make Me Love You", "Four Seasons", and "Spark".
3. Hyuna
Img: koreaherald
Having tried some successful girl groups like Wonder Girls and 4Minute, Hyuna decided to go solo very early in her career. She released the first single "Change" in 2010 and it became a huge success getting placed second on the Gaon Digital Chart. The title track of Bubble Pop! debut EP got 100 million views on YouTube; another huge success for Hyuna. Till 2023, the k-pop star has released 7 extended plays with worldwide success.
4. Chungha
Img: teenvogue
Chungha is another result of the huge musical reality show market of South Korea. The singer was selected in the I.O.I girl group after she came fourth in a show. After a short career in the group, Chungha went solo in 2017 with the EP Hands on Me. It was a moderate success. Her next two EPs came in the next year named Offset and Blooming Blue. Chungha got placed in the Billboard list of 25 Best Kpop songs of 2019 for "Gotta Go".
5. Solar
Img: ikwl
With more than 3 million subscribers on YouTube, Solar is a rising star of Kpop. The leader of the girl group Mamamoo started her solo career in 2023 with the song "Spit it Out". Solar had released a couple of solo works in 2018 as well. Originally named Kim Yong-sun, the singer received her first accolade in 2023 soon after the release of the single.
6. Boa
Here comes the Queen of K-pop. This singer is one of the most successful South Korean entertainers of all time. Boa started her career in the early 2000s under the umbrella of SM Entertainment. Since then she has released a total of 20 albums in three languages. Outside of South Korea, she is also famous in Japan, which was a rare thing back in the days. The veteran pop star released her latest album in 2023 named Better.
7. Sunmi
Sunmi is definitely a great talent that came from the Wonder Girls female band. After three years of being there, she took a break and started her solo career in 2013. Sunmi's EP Full Moon generated a huge response and got placed on the Gaon Digital Charts. Although the 1992-born singer rejoined the band for another couple of years, following the collapse of the Wonder Girls Sunmi released another EP. Some of her popular singles include "Heroine", "Siren", "Gashina".
8. Hwasa
Img: billboard
Hwasa is famous for her single "Twit" and the EP "Maria". Both of them made it to the Billboard World Chart. The singer debuted in the Mamamoo band in 2014 where she performed for the next five years. As she went solo, her career exploded making Hwasa one of the most popular K-pop artists of our time. Besides being a phenomenal singer, Hwasa is a fashion face with several titles like Sexiest Asian Stars to Follow on Instagram Right Now. Forbes placed the artist in their 30 under 30 Asia 2023 list.
9. YOONA
The popular singer-turned-film star tried her luck in music once again in 2019 only to get more famous with an EP. After being part of the Girls' Generation band for years, she worked in dozens of movies, a couple of highest-grossing in the country included. Given her success, it was time for Yoona to celebrate her birthday with something different. The release of A Walk to Remember shocked everyone by reaching third on the Gaon Digital Chart. Yoona is one of the most popular celebrities in South Korea now.
10. Jessi
Img: elle
The Korean-American rapper began her journey in 2005 with the album Get Up. Going through the grind, the singer released another album and worked with bands for years before tasting success. Jesse was cast in the tv show called Unpretty Rapstar where she got second place. The rapper has released two EPs so far named Un2verse and Nuna, both of them were a moderate success. Her single "Don't Touch Me" was placed atop the Gaon Digital charts.
11. Yuju
Img: kpopherald
Yuju has several feathers on her crown. The singer debuted around 2014 when Source Music signed her in. She became the first female idol to win the Fantastic Duo 2, which is a pretty big thing. The former member of GFriend, Yuju has tasted success with songs like "Spring Is Gone by Chance", which peaked on multiple charts and won the Melon Music Award. The South Korean singer started hosting the "Yuju is Halli Queen" in 2023.
12. CL
Img: theguardian
Remember the super famous girl group 2NE1? CL was a shining member of that band for a long time garnering titles like 'Queen of K-pop' from various media outlets. The singer went to pursue a solo career in 2015 "Hello Bitches". It was a pretty good opening shot, the next one became more popular though. CL's "Lifted" made her the first Korean singer to be placed in the Billboard Hot 100. The sensational vocalist released her first EP named In the Name of Love in 2019.
13. Hyolyn
Img: soompi
Hyolin joined the girl group Sistar from the beginning of her career. Almost decade-long relationship with the produced wonderful music. Some of the best-known music of the star include "Lonely" and "One Way Love". The gifted musician once shared the stage with the legendary Stevie Wonder in 2013 at the MNET awards. Hyolyn participated in shows like Unpretty Rapstar and Fantastic Duo. She started her own production company named Bridʒ in 2018.
14. Seunghee
Img: hallyulife
Seunghee started her career in 2015 along with the band OH MY GIRL. The group's self-titled mini-album garnered a lot of attention from the crowd and they become a super popular girl group. Some of the most successful songs of the girl group include "Me" and "Twilight". The 1996-born additionally made some fans appearing in "Open The Door" MV and ONF's "ON/OFF" MV. The fangirl of IU acknowledges her passion for music to the legendary K-pop star.
15. Heize
Img: thestar
Heize debuted in 2014 with the self-titled EP. Although her initial success was moderate, the singer soon became the talk of the town after appearing in Unpretty Rapstar. Heize's second EP And July was released in 2016 that made it to the Gaon Digital Charts. She released another single "Star" which became the most significant success with the 'All-Kill' status by reaching atop each and every Korean Music Charts. The 1991-born has so far released one album She's Fine and seven EPs including Happen released in 2023.
16. Lee Hi
Img: hollywoodlife
Lee Hi is the singer known for her success in the SBS K-pop Star show where she finished as the runner-up. Although the 1996-born singer started her career as early as 2012, it took four years to get a place. Lee's album Seoulite came out in 2016 winning the singer a Golden Disc. After that she has been featured in multiple songs like "Refrigerator", "Can You Hear My Heart", etc. Lee has appeared in several musical reality shows too including OnStyle, MBC, JTBC.
17. Jennie
Img: filmdaily
Starting with the girl band Blackpink, Jennie's career as a musician only went high. After two years of working in the group, she released her first solo single "Solo". The song dramatically became an overnight success topping both Gaon and Billboard World Digital Songs charts. It was also certified platinum in Korea. The song became so popular all over the world that Jennie became the first-ever Korean artist to perform in Coachella. Blackpink also released their first album The Album in 2023.
18. Ailee
The super-successful female k-pop artist has made it to the Gaon Digital Charts more times than you can count. With a couple of studio albums and five EPs, Ailee is one of the most popular South Korean stars today. Starting her career with the single "Heaven", the singer has won Melon Music Awards, Golden Disc Awards, Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards, and the Seoul Music Awards so far. Her most successful work includes "When We Were In "Love", "Home", "Comma 07".
19. Siyeon
Img: mydramalist
Siyeon, originally named Li Si Yeon, made her debut in the year 2014 with MINX. The girl group released their first single "Why Did You Come to My Home". Although the group didn't continue for long, the Daegu-born artist gained the experience to go solo. Siyeon released her debut solo single "Paradis" in 2023. The single opened in 10th place on Billboard World Digital Songs Chart.
20. Jeon So-mi
Img: allkpop
Jeon So-mi is one of the rising stars of K-pop. She started her career in the traditional way by appearing in MNET's survival program Produce 101. After the event, aka Somi got recruited to the girl group I.O.I around 2016. Having done some really good singing there, she released her first solo in 2019 with the song "Birthday". With 9M+ followers on Instagram, Somi is also growing in the endorsement sector with brands like Coca-Cola Korea, Reebok, Louis Vuitton, etc.
Top 15 Most Popular Female Singers in the World 2023
Top 10 Most Popular British Pop Artists in the World 2023
Top 20 Most Popular K-POP Groups in the World 2023
Top 10 Most Popular Pop Remixes 2023
Top 20 Most Popular Bollywood Singers 2023
Top 20 Most Popular Singers in the World 2023
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http://www.wsj.com/articles/india-to-boycott-regional-summit-as-it-blames-pakistan-for-attack-1475071911
India to Boycott South Asia Summit as It Blames Pakistan for Attack
Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Bhutan have also pulled out of the November regional meeting
India Minister of External Affairs Sushma Swaraj addressing the United Nations General Assembly in New York on Monday. Photo: Reuters
By Niharika Mandhana
Sept. 28, 2016 10:11 am ET
NEW DELHI—India and three other South Asian nations said they would boycott a regional summit in Pakistan after New Delhi blamed Islamabad for a terrorist attack on a military base that killed 18 soldiers.
Tensions between India and Pakistan, who have fought four wars since independence from Britain in 1947, are flaring amid an escalating war of words.
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'There's More To The World' – The Receivers May 3, 2019
Tags: Alex Higginson, Fibbers York, Gene, Harry Stables, Louis Bristowe, Nick Aldous, Noel Gallagher, Oasis, Steve Lamacq, Theres More To The World, U2, Vinyl Eddie Records
This Sunday, 5th May sees the launch of Vinyl Eddie Records at Fibbers in York. A great record store promoting excellent music in York. One of the labels first releases is from the Receivers, a northern dynamo of a band from York. Their EP, available on vinyl, is called 'There's More To The World'. To be pedantic though back in the day a six-track release would most probably be called a mini album, but that is splitting hairs and I have none left to split. Is this a good release from this fine band? Well, read on to find out.
The record kicks off with "Leave The Right Marks" a pulverising rock song that arrives with colossal force and doesn't relent for its full three-minute life cycle. Nick's vocals are particularly strong on this one and the lead guitar work from Alex is exemplary. But the engine room of Harry's bass and some full on Bonzo Bonham style drumming from Louis is like a finely tuned formula one car. It holds everything together on this delicious hard rocking opener. The next track "Saturday" is one you may have heard before as it was a taster release from the boys back in March. It takes the indie guitar sound to greater heights and has a late 70s post punk ambience about it. For some strange reason it brings to mind the Bluetones classic "Slight Return" for me, I have no idea why. The chorus is a sticky earworm that burrows into your head and refuses to come out.
The wave of pulsating power riffs that opens and underpins "All Your Friends" is compulsive, enthralling and after two spins convinced me that this is my current favourite Receivers tune. It has a feel of early U2 with guitar work that would make Dave Evans proud. Meanwhile "That's What They Told Me" takes Nick's vocals into the territory of Mark E Smith and John Lydon in his PiL peak. It is a discourse on modern life for the young, well that is certainly what it feels like to me. The next song is called "Rimshot" and for those dirty minded people reading this please note that a rimshot is a percussion technique used to produce an accented snare drum back beat. Anyway the song is redolent of Oasis when they were good and would compete well with almost anything from the first two albums from the Burnage Boys. The guitars on this track are very Noel Gallagheresque. This collection signs off with the nicely chilled majestic come down of "Grand Central". A song that might have come from my favourite BritPop era band Gene with a vocal that is as good as anything Martin Rossiter ever committed to vinyl.
This is a damned fine release which will get the boys even more recognition and exposure and deservedly so. Word is getting out about the Receivers and they have been played plenty on local radio and feted by the local press. They have even had a spin from Steve Lamacq. 'There's More To The World' heralds the start of what could be a great career for Nick, Harry, Alex and Louis collectively known as the Receivers. You NEED to own a copy of this record, so I suggest you do whatever you can to make it so. Most companies really fear having to call in the receivers, but York's Receivers would and should be welcomed everywhere to ply us with their intelligent, thoughtful and frankly bloody marvellous tunes! If you miss out on a copy of the record then click here to take a listen on Spotify.
"I'm seeing shapes behind the curtain" August 6, 2017
Tags: Dragging Me Down, Inspiral Carpets, Noel Gallagher, Reading Festival 1990, Saturn V, This Is How It Feels
I am sure that many of you reading this know that Noel Gallagher was once a guitar tech/ roadie for the Inspiral Carpets. But did you know that when the band headlined the Reading Festival in 1990 and they brought a pantomime cow on stage that one half of that creature was Noel? I am not sure which half though and I was there!
"Don't look back, 'cause you know what you might see" November 4, 2016
Filed under: News,Observation — justwilliam1959 @ 12:37 am
Tags: Definitely Maybe, Knebworth, Liam Gallagher, NME, Noel Gallagher, Oasis, Oasis (band), What's The Story Morning Glory
So if recent reports are true we could have an Oasis reunion tour of some type next year. Click here to read the report on the NME website. I am sure that there will be many people who are very excited by this news, but I am not one of them. In my opinion the first two Oasis albums; 'Definitely Maybe' and '(What's The Story) Morning Glory?' remain stone cold classic albums. The third album 'Be Here Now' was frankly a shambolic, over-egged pile of shite. After that they never reached their early heady heights again, although there was the occasional excellent single in that time.
I saw Oasis twice, first in a tiny dive of a pub in Windsor in 1994 with about 100 people and secondly at Knebworth in 1996. Two excellent shows in two very different venues and circumstances, but both bloody good. Personally and with hindsight I think that they should have quit after Knebworth, it was mostly downhill from there. Noel's subsequent solo career proves to me that he was the real talent behind Oasis. Liam's post Oasis activity has so far been Beady Eye and to be fair they were nothing but the remainder of Oasis but without Noel to write the songs. I saw Beady Eye at the Reading Festival a few years ago and they came across like a below average Oasis tribute band who largely wanted to perform their own sub standard songs.
But if you are a big fan or if Oasis were always 'your band' then just go ahead and enjoy yourself. But for me Oasis are not a band that should reform, I think that it could kill off the tarnished legacy that they have left. But no doubt the whole circus will provide copious copy on those darlings of the intellectual press the tabloids! As usual I would love to hear your thoughts on the boys from Burnage getting back together via the comments on here.
"An eagle lands and a planet full of people raises it's hands" Blog Advent Calendar Day 9 December 9, 2014
Filed under: Christmas,Trivia — justwilliam1959 @ 12:30 am
Tags: Advent Calendar, Big Brother Records, Charlatans, Christmas, Commercial Rain, Cool As Fuck, Craig Gill, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Dragging Me Down, Fix Your Smile, Forever Here, Generations, Graham Lambert, Hey Now, Human Shield, I Want You, Inspiral Carpets, John Cooper Clarke, Let You Down, Mike Collins, Monkey On My Back, Niagara, Noel Gallagher, Oasis, Oasis (band), Oldham, Paul Arthurs, Paul Bonehead Arthurs, Plane Crash, Proud Mary, Real Thing, Saturn V, She Comes In the Fall, Spitfire, Stephen Holt, Theme From Cow, This Is How It Feels, Two Worlds Collide, You're So Good For Me
Here we are at December 9th and edging closer to the visit of the big, bearded, red-coated house burglar on 25th December. That also means that it is day 9 of this years advent blog posts. The theme if you are not a regular reader is the ABC of British bands and day 9 means that we are at the letter 'I'. What delightful British band do I have for you today? Well it's none other than the marvellous Inspiral Carpets.
The band was formed in Oldham in the early 80s by Graham Lambert and Stephen Holt. Strangely I went to school with a Stephen Holt and I worked with a Graham Lambert; sadly different people from the founders of the Inspiral Carpets though. The band's biggest success came between 1989 and 1995 when they had 14 UK top 50 singles. The biggest of those was 1992's "Dragging Me Down" which reached number 12. They were dropped by their label, Mute, in 1995 and they broke up a little while after that. They reformed in 2003 and are still together now.
You may know that the band once had a certain Noel Gallagher working for them as guitar tech/ roadie. Obviously before his Oasis days. The Inspirals drummer Craig Gill formed another band after the break up. That band were named after a Creedence Clearwater Revival song, Proud Mary. That band were eventually signed to Noel Gallagher's Big Brother record label. Another Inspiral Carpets roadie, Mike Collins, went on to bigger things too. He joined the Charlatans in 1991. Collins also went to school with Paul 'Bonehead' Arthurs off of Oasis.
My favourite Inspiral Carpets song ever is "Saturn V", what is yours?
"And I guess that I could get crazy now baby" June 5, 2013
Tags: Alice Cooper, Blondie, Commitments, Dr Hook, Dr Hook and the Medicine Show, Guitar technician, Inspiral Carpets, Jeff Buckley, Kick Out The Jams, MC5, Meatloaf, New York, Noel Gallagher, Oasis, Road crew, Roadie, Roland The Roadie And Gertrude The Groupie, Roy Orbison, Sin-e
The late and incredibly great Jeff Buckley was once a roadie for the Commitments and this is apparently how he secured his residency at the Sin-e in New York. I know that Noel Gallagher was a roadie/ guitar tech for the Inspiral Carpets before he joined Oasis and the Meatloaf played a roadie in the 1980 film 'Roadie' (which also featured appearances from Blondie, Alice Cooper and Roy Orbison). There have also beeen a few songs about roadies too. But I'd love to hear from you with any other stories of roadies who went on to find fame themselves.
and a roadie related song to finish 🙂
Jake Bugg – Barbican York Friday 29th March 2013 March 31, 2013
Filed under: Review — justwilliam1959 @ 6:49 am
Tags: Broken, Catwoman, Deborah Harry, Don McLean, Fire, Folsom Prison Blues, Jake Bugg, Johnny Cash, Lightning Bolt, Misty Miller, Noel Gallagher, Paul Weller, Reading 2013, Reading and Leeds Festivals, Reading Festival, Simpsons, Talking Heads, Tatse It, Tina Weymouth, Tom Odell, Trouble Town, Two Fingers, Usain Bolt, Vincent
As far as début albums go I believe that Jake Bugg's self titled long player is among the best ever and if you don't have it yet then do something about it! Anyway a few months ago we bought tickets to see Jake play at the Barbican in York. That night finally arrived on Friday night. I am pleased to say it was a brilliant evening.
Misty Miller was the support and she played a great 2o minute set. She has some really classy songs and a relaxed stage manner. Her drummer and bass player work well together too. I sensed a bit of Tina Weymouth from Talking Heads about her. Catwoman suggested a voice as strong as Deborah Harry's. Either way this young woman is pretty darned good. As well as supporting Mr Bugg she has also played a few support slots with Tom Odell; so she is getting some great exposure. I suggest that you check her out soon.
As for Jake Bugg. It's hard to believe that he has only been around for such a short while. I mean he is 35 years younger than me and he was born more than 20 years after I went to my first gig. He is a truly consummate rock performer. Great songs, great playing, the band were great and Jake's singing was excellent. On top of that I was supremely impressed with his guitar soloing. Jake Bugg will go a long, long way and deservedly so. If his stated mission is to kill off all the X Factor shit then he has the talent, the drive and the weaponry to do it. If your child or anyone you know is a big X Factor fan lock them in a room and make them listen to Jake Bugg. I don't think it will take them long to convert to real music like Jake Bugg's. The only downer of the evening was the two drunk tosspots in front of us who spent most of the show talking loudly to each other and on their phones.
As for the show Mr Bugg played most of his album. "Trouble Town" was superb and "Broken" certainly pulls on my heart-strings. Obviously the crowd went mental when he played "Lightning Bolt" including some people near us who danced to it while throwing some Usain Bolt shapes. I thought he might have used "Lightning Bolt" as his encore, but he had the balls to do it his way. He even played a couple of new songs and if they are a good sign of what musical direction he will take I think his next album might have a heavier sound.
He did a couple of songs to encore; notably a song that he introduced as one of his favourites. It was a cover of Johnny Cash's "Folsom Prison Blues". He did it proud. I get the impression that since his musical epiphany aged 12 while hearing Don McLean's "Vincent" on an episode of the Simpsons he has been a sponge soaking up so many brilliant songs and influences. He is lauded by many people including Noel Gallagher and Paul Weller. But for me he is his own man, an original, definitely the one and only Jake Bugg. I also get the chance to see him again at the Reading Festival later this year and I can hardly wait! I should let you know that none of the pictures or videos in this post were taken by me at the gig.
"Back beat, the word is on the street that the fire in your heart is out" August 15, 2012
Filed under: News — justwilliam1959 @ 7:02 pm
Tags: Beady Eye, Liam Gallagher, Mike Flowers, Mike Flowers Pops, Noel Gallagher, Oasis, Ryan Adams, War Child, Wonderwall
What did you think of Beady Eye's cover of "Wonderwall" at the London 2012 Closing Ceremony? It remains a great song, but frankly Liam's voice just wasn't there was it? I saw Beady Eye at the Reading Festival last year and I thought they really weren't very good. here is what I said about them last August. 'They were like an Oasis tribute band playing songs they had written in an Oasis style. Liam's voice is clearly not what it was either and his stage presence is way past it's sell by date'.
Spookily it seems none other than Noel Gallagher, who wrote "Wonderwall", shares my opinion. At a War Child benefit gig at Dingwalls in Camden last night he played "Wonderwall" and dedicated it to 'Stratford's finest Oasis tribute band'. This was a barbed dig at his younger brothers Olympic appearance. I'd like to think that Noel read my blog last August and the tribute band thought stuck with him. Either way I do believe that he is right. Keeping his own Olympic flame alive Noel also dedicated "Supersonic" to 'the great Mo Farah'.


text:
Oboolo.comhttps://www.oboolo.com/social-studies/sociology/presentation/hip-hop-s-influence-on-culture-58471.html
Hip-Hop's influence on culture
SociologyHip-Hop's influence on culture
Berry G.
framingham...
Hip-hop culture.
Hip-hop creed - 'keepin' it real'.
Hip-hop vs jazz.
The current crop of hip-hop artists.
The critic bell hooks.
Conscious rap.
Hip-Hop, over the course of the past thirty years had grown from an improvisational street art in the South Bronx section of New York City to a multi-billion dollar business and cultural phenomenon. Hip-hop is thus also a major cultural influence. In the same way jazz gave us words like "cool" and "funky", slang from hip-hop has rapidly entered everyone's vocabularies. Visions of the urban experience?including gang and individual violence ? are heavily informed by hip-hop, as are visions of wealth and consumption. Hip-hop culture is virtually everywhere: television, radio, film, magazines, art galleries, and in "underground" culture. It has even surfaced in congressional hearings. Hip-hop is the currency of popular culture in America today. Taylor and Taylor (2004) put it simply:
Hip-Hop is no longer limited to rap music and break dancing; today it represents a multi-billion dollar industry that influences everything from automotive design and fashion to prime time television programming, collegiate and professional sports, mass media marketing, and Madison Avenue advertising. Today Hip-Hop is for many a way of life, a culture that is intricately woven into every aspect of their daily lives. (251
[...] One major part of the hip-hop creed is "keepin' it real", which means remaining true to the culture of the streets, being straightforward in one's communications, and in "representing" one's neighborhood, community, and one's race. "Blackness" is an important trait, but so too is accumulation. Hip-hop culture has, in general, very little tension between the "underground" elements of the culture and the mainstream elements of it, so long as the successful hip-hop impresarios "keep it real." MC Hammer, a very popular "pop" rapper from the early 1990s, did not "keep it real" and quickly faded from the limelight due to overexposure and an entirely unthreatening image Murray (2004) explains that: Hip-hop tends to avoid many of the pitfalls of the jazz and Motown eras. [...]
[...] That said many fans of hip-hop, especially African American fans (though Caucasians buy as much hip-hop as anyone else) have embraced ideals of self-help and the entrepreneur. Many of the current generation of hip-hop superstars? mostly rappers with plenty of capital from their music were able to better navigate the demands of their creed and of mainstream acceptance and have branched out into acting, producing, owning record companies, and fashion. Not only were these rappers already trend setters thanks to their distinctive looks, access to teens, and public images, the very act of branching out into fashion gave them more legitimacy. [...]
The entire context of hip-hop culture is not as stereotypical as what is portrayed in the popular...
Politics & international	| Social sciences	| Presentation	| 06/17/2008	| .doc	| 3 pages
+ on The entire context of hip-hop culture is not as...
Report on the history of Hip Hop
Politics & international	| Political science	| Case study	| 06/19/2012	| .doc	| 6 pages
+ on Report on the history of Hip Hop
"High, Popular and "Low" cultures and everyday life
Social studies	| Sociology	| Presentation	| 03/22/2011	| .doc	| 1 page
+ on "High, Popular and "Low" cultures and...


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Q: 0-5V 1A Dual Output DC Power Supply - SOFTWARE CONTROLLED I am interested in purchasing (or building but preferably purchase) a software controlled DC power supply.  Preferably, would like to control the output using LabVIEW.
I need two separate outputs that can be controlled from 0-5V as accurately as possible (5mV resolution).  Each output must be able to source up to 1A.
I am planning on using the supplies to control the brightness of two separate high powered LED's.
Can't seem to find much from Google.  Any help is appreciated!

A: You could build an inexpensive supply using a pair of LT3081 positive adjustable regulators.  Unlike other adjustable regulators like the LM317, the LT3081 can be adjusted all the way down to 0V.
Adjustment of the voltage is done via a single resistor, 20k per volt.  So 0 ohms is 0v, 20K is 1V, and 100k is 5V.
For programming, you could use the X9119TV14-2.7 digital potentiometer.  It's maximum value is 100k ohms, which matches the 5V setting of the regulator, and has 1024 steps, which provides 5 mV resolution you specified (most digital pots have only 256 steps or less).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DigitalOcean puts out a seasonal report on developer trends. This report coincided with their Hacktoberfest event and focuses on Open Source technology and how developers interact and contribute to it.
Sometimes you really need to break your application. This repo has a large list of things that are likely to break your application if used as user input. These files are mainly intended for use in QA testing but could be useful as general test cases.
This post was published 152 days ago, content in the post may be inaccurate, even wrong now, please take risk yourself.


BSTC tryouts is around the corner. Register NOW! For more information, please visit our website.
And good luck to all of the Youth Academy Teams as they prepare for Round 2 of the Florida Youth Soccer Association State Cup!
We will be Hosting tryouts for our Men's UPSL team on Wednesday April 10th 2019.
We do it for the kicks ⚽. We had an amazing time at #jogobonitochampionscup this past weekend!
@redbull in tha house !
Shot from @powersoccerschool_ training camp earlier in the week!
Today we train at @indoorsoccerpro Who else loves Futsal?
Registration deadline is extended until this Friday. Sign up today!
***Team Strikers CES Riviera (FL) vs. Chicago Blast (IL) Disney Presidential Day Soccer Festival 2019***.
It's almost weekend! Are you ready for the games? Put your stuffs on the bag and step on the field!
⚽🎒👟 Ya casi es fin de semana? Estas preparado para los partidos? Pon tus cosas en la mochila y salta al campo!
Paris Saint-Germain player Timothy Weah scored his first goal with the U.S. Men's National Soccer team!!!
Tim was born in Brooklyn, grew up in New York and Florida and learned soccer in both places.
🎖May 2018: First #USMNT goal!
Pines City FC Supporter @tiago_7623 in New York City!


If you're a Sterling College student, everything you need to know about the college and your programs is in our Student Handbook. The Sterling College Student Handbook also outlines all of the policies and procedures you're expected to follow as a student. So please, take the time to read it and keep a copy for future reference!


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It's Cool, But It Sucks.
I Broke Wet Hot: A Review
Editorials Leave a comment Amy PoehlerBradley CooperDaredevilHump the FridgeNetflixPaul RuddWet Hot American Summer
Editor's Note: Welcome our newest ICBIS team member: Ryan Brooks!
So Netflix is slowly buying up real estate on the pop culture landscape. I for one welcome our new streaming overlords- and it wasn't this year's excellent made-for-Netflix Daredevil show that won me over. It was Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp.
For anyone not in the know: the original Wet Hot featured a large handful of comedians in their early-to-late 20s acting out a parody of every summer teen movie ever. Most of them went on to be big names: Amy Poehler, Paul Rudd, Bradley Cooper.
The original movie was a flop. I'm told it had a cult following but it was a movie I saw one scene at a time on Comedy Central when people still sat through a programming schedule to while their time away.
This new show is a prequel, but also kind of a sequel, because now all the actors are 15 years older and not everyone has aged gracefully. Except Paul Rudd is like the exact same. He has and always will look like that, I imagine.
Through the magic of Netflix funnymoney and what was probably a very haphazard shooting schedule they managed to loop in nearly all of the original cast along with new faces.
I only really know one person who "grew up" with the movie, which can't be true since she's too young to know the mind-melting screech of dial-up Internet. When I brought up the show, she insisted that I'd get "so much more" out of the show if I saw the original movie, as most of the jokes are callbacks.
A few days of binge-watching later, I have to say that while this may be true, it is perhaps best that you skip the original movie altogether.
Okay, I admit it: I watched Wet Hot American Summer the wrong way.
And I think the first movie hasn't aged well.
Because, well, it's cool, but it sucks. Mostly standing in the shadow of what this new series manages to do and failing: feel fresh, give an ensemble cast enough screen time, and genuinely aping while simultaneously lampooning the experience of being a hormone-wracked dumb kid away from home for a month with other people just as stricken by adolescence as you are. And while being respectful and ironic about it.
And weirdly, watching things in reverse-release-order or rather chromatically, little things in the movie, explained in the show at length for laughs, actually feel like weird payoffs.
For example: a talking can of vegetables gets a backstory in the show. Knowing that he made it to the end of summer for me was a weird comfort after the events of the first day of camp.
So, that being said, will you like either of these? It's a big, lovingly made, mess of absurd fun. It's broad as a comedy but I felt oddly attached to everyone by the time things were over. Giving everyone room to breathe was a very good thing, or maybe this kind of comedy is just right for the modern binge-watching, episodic format.
However you watch it, watch it. It's a comedy with mass appeal and doesn't involve a giant Pac-man!
Artwork by Glen Brogan www.albinoraven.com
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Episode 3.3: Petrifying Pronoun Clowns!
Episode 3.2: Comic-Con 2017 Recap
Episode 3.1: The Podcast Rides Again!
Episode 2.13: Space Battles! Part 2
Episode 2.12: Doctor Strange All Spoilers Podcast
Episode 2.11: The Dobeck Horror Picture Show
Episode 2.10: Return of the Living Horror Month!
Episode 2.9: End of Summer Round Up
Episode 2.8: Ghostheads, Trekkies, and Stranger Thingies
Episode2.7: Hail to the King, Baby


The genocide in Darfur erupted in 2003 yet its seeds have been planted years sooner than. Following years of assaults on their villages, livelihoods and folks, in addition to political and fiscal disenfranchisement through the govt of Sudan, the black Africans of Darfur rebelled. In retaliation, Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir had his troops and an Arab armed forces, the Janjaweed, perform a scorched earth coverage that resulted the in killing of noncombatants, males, girls, childrens, and the aged. within the technique, women of every age have been raped, hundreds and hundreds of villages have been burned to the floor, and over million humans have been pressured from their villages. through mid-2007, estimates of these who have been killed or had perished due loss of water, hunger, or accidents, ranged from a low of 250,000 to over 400,000.
This quantity set offers the harrowing tales of survivors of this genocide, and features a choice of professional files delineating the overseas community's response to the predicament in Darfur. the writer has interviewed dozen Sudanese refugees who fled their houses and made their method to the neighboring kingdom of Chad, recording their reviews ahead of the warfare, in the course of numerous genocide occasions, and following their break out. these interviews contain quantity One. In quantity , the writer has chosen severe files issued by way of the USA, the United international locations, and the overseas legal courtroom, each one of which provides severe insights into how the foreign group considered the scorched earth coverage and atrocities and the way it reached to such. An Oral and Documentary background of the Darfur Genocide is a useful list of ways simply a strong executive can flip opposed to a country's weaker minorities.
The worldwide age is unusual by way of disobedience, from the protests in Tiananmen sq. to the autumn of the Berlin Wall, to the anti-G8 and anti-WTO demonstrations. during this publication, Raffaele Laudani deals a scientific evaluate of ways disobedience has been conceptualised, supported, and criticised all through heritage.
The regulate of Violence in sleek Society, begins from the speculation that during glossy society we'll face an expanding lack of keep watch over over yes phenomena of violence. This ends up in unpredictable escalations and violence can now not be contained correctly through the proper regulate regimes, similar to police, kingdom surveillance associations, nationwide repression apparatuses and overseas legislation.
The top of 1 struggle is often the start of one other as the cessation of clash produces new demanding situations: a competition among the winners and losers over the phrases of peace, and a conflict in the successful celebration over the spoils of battle. because the victors and the vanquished fight to set up a brand new political order, incidents of low-level violence often ensue and will increase into an risky peace or renewed clash.
This booklet examines foreign army interventions that experience supported balance in 4 groups in Afghanistan and Nepal, in an try and examine their good fortune and enhance this in destiny. this can be the 1st in-depth village-level review of the way neighborhood populations conceive of balance and stabilisation, and gives a thought and version for a way balance should be created in groups in the course of and after clash.


・おいで~! Come to Mommy! または Come here!
・靴を履こうね。 Put your shoes on.
・片付けの時間よ。 Time to clean up!
・起きる時間よ。 Time to wake up!
・おむつ替えようね! Let's change your diaper!
・牛乳ほしい? Do you want milk?
・もっとほしい? Do you want more?
・車に乗ろうね。 Let's get in the car.
・シートベルトしようね。 Let's buckle up your sheet belt.
・だっこする? Do you want me to carry you? または Do you want me to pick you up?
・だっこ、代わろうか? Do you want me to hold him/her?
・ぎゅっとしてあげるね。 I'll give you a big squeeze.
・おんぶしてあげるね。Let me carry you piggy-back.
・おむつ替えが必要な子がいるね。Someone needs a diaper check.
・腕を通してね。 Put your arm through here.
・片方ずつ通そうね。One arm at a time.
・右手はここを通るのよ。Your right hand goes through this.
・おかわりほしい? Do you want a seconds?


text:
Product Categories>Center Store
CPGs Make Healthier Products
COLORADO SPRINGS Member companies of Grocery Manufacturers Association have created some 10,000 healthier product choices between 2006 and this year, according to newly released data collected for GMA's 2010 Health & Wellness Survey. That finding was disclosed in a speech by Pamela Bailey, the association's president and CEO, during GMA's Executive Conference here. GMA had earlier found that some
David Orgel 1 | Sep 06, 2010
COLORADO SPRINGS — Member companies of Grocery Manufacturers Association have created some 10,000 healthier product choices between 2006 and this year, according to newly released data collected for GMA's 2010 Health & Wellness Survey.
That finding was disclosed in a speech by Pamela Bailey, the association's president and CEO, during GMA's Executive Conference here. GMA had earlier found that some 10,000 healthier products were created by member companies between 2002 and 2006, Bailey said.
"In less than a decade, you have developed over 20,000 healthier product choices for your consumers," she told members. "This means, for example, that since 2002, saturated fats have been reduced or eliminated in over 6,000 products and trans fats reduced or eliminated in over 10,000 products."
This is "a compelling message for consumers and policymakers in the context of our national discourse on obesity," she added.
Bailey noted that GMA and its member companies have publicly pledged to take 1.5 trillion calories out of the food supply to battle obesity through the Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation.
The 2010 GMA Health & Wellness Survey data was collected and analyzed by Georgetown Economic Services. Fifty-seven companies, representing approximately half of U.S. food and beverage sales, have shared data for the survey since 2002.
Through the survey, food and beverage companies revealed that they collectively have:
Eliminated or reduced trans fat in over 10,000 product choices.
Eliminated or reduced saturated fat in over 6,600 product choices.
Reduced sugar/carbohydrates in over 3,700 product choices.
Reduced the calorie content of over 3,500 product choices.
Reduced sodium in over 3,000 product choices.
TAGS: Health & Wellness
Local wines and beers find success in the supermarket
Center store during COVID: 16 trends from 2020
Sprouts to spotlight emerging functional beverage brands
Retailers deploy varied strategies for multicultural merchandising


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The Birmingham Hospital Diet
What is the Biscuit Diet?
Cabbage Soup Detox Diet
Mayo Clinic Soup Diet
Sacred Heart Vegetable Soup Diet
American Heart Association: Phony American Heart Association Diets
Heart Surgery and Soup Diet
The Soup Diet
A Diet Disavowed
How Used
Written by Lisa Sefcik
One fad diet claims to have medical experts' stamp of approval. Badly-typed, copied multiple times, passed on from one person to the other and found in numerous incarnations on the Internet, the Sacred Heart Diet has the reputation of being a soup diet given to overweight patients prior to heart surgery. However, medical institutions associated with this fad diet have gone out of their way to disclaim their association with it.
The soup diet that's purportedly fed to patients before heart surgery has reached urban legend status, says the American Heart Association, or AHA, which devoted an entire web page to the diet 3. The diet goes by many monikers, one of the more common names being the Sacred Heart Memorial Diet. It's even been attributed to the AHA 2. And here's where things get confusing: The Cabbage Soup Diet, aka the Sacred Heart Diet, is also sometimes referred to as the Mayo Clinic Diet. And the Cleveland Clinic Diet is also called the grapefruit diet.
According to EveryDiet.org, the Sacred Heart Hospital in Montreal, Canada formally announced in 2004 that it had nothing to do with the diet. The Cleveland Clinic, too, indicates on its website that it is not associated with the diet. The AHA – which has been falsely credited with a phony fad diet that has ice cream, hot dogs, eggs and cheese on the menu – also indicates that it had no part in the development of a soup diet for heart surgery patients. A March 1996 New York Times article describes this soup diet as the "diet from nowhere," because it's origins cannot be traced 1. Elaine Reid, director of food and nutrition at the Sacred Heart Memorial Hospital in Spokane told the Times that she receives hundreds of letters about the diet from all over the country – and even outside of the United States. In 1996, Reid told the Times that the diet has been in circulation for around 15 years.
The ingredients are chopped into pieces, covered with water and cooked.
On the Sacred Heart Diet, which lasts for seven days, you can eat as much of the soup as you want per day; however, the diet integrates different food types on each day of the week. On the first day, dieters can have the soup and all the fruit they want, except bananas. Day two on the diet includes the soup and all vegetables, including a baked potato for dinner. You can have soup and all of the fruits and vegetables you like on day three, with the exception of a baked potato. Day four of the diet includes the soup, at least three bananas and as much skim milk as you want. On the fifth day of the soup diet, 10 to 20 oz. of beef and a can of tomatoes are allowed – with at least one serving of soup. Day six lets you eat as many beef steaks as you like, unlimited vegetables – leafy greens are suggested – but no baked potato and at least one serving of soup. On the last day of the diet, brown rice, vegetables and unsweetened fruit juice are added to the menu – along with the soup.
Soup-based diets often claim you can lose up to 17 pounds in only a week. However, EveryDiet.Org points out that many of the pounds you shed on such a diet are due to water loss, and you'll likely put them on right after you go off the the diet. The Cleveland Clinic cautions you against diets that restrict your menu and place you on a rigid eating plan that you can't sustain for the rest of your life. The clinic recommends a Mediterranean diet low in dairy and fatty meats and rich in plant-based foods such as:
New York Times: Melt Pounds With Cabbage Soup, a Diet From Nowhere Says
Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center: The Miracle Soup Diet
Lisa Sefcik has been writing professionally since 1987. Her subject matter includes pet care, travel, consumer reviews, classical music and entertainment. She's worked as a policy analyst, news reporter and freelance writer/columnist for Cox Publications and numerous national print publications. Sefcik holds a paralegal certification as well as degrees in journalism and piano performance from the University of Texas at Austin.
a-wrangler/iStock/Getty Images


Poker is usually played with a standard 4-suit 52-card deck. The ace normally plays high, but can sometimes play low. A joker or other wild cards may be added. Wild cards introduce an additional hand, five of a kind, which normally ranks above a straight flush. When a joker is in play, it usually can only be used as an ace or to complete a straight or flush. It cannot be used as a true wild card.
At the showdown, those players still remaining compare their hands according to the hand rankings. Suits are not used to break ties, nor are cards beyond the fifth; only the best five cards in each hand are used in the comparison. In the case of a tie, the pot is split equally among the winning hands.
Texas Holdem is known as the "Cadillac of Poker". It's been said that the game takes a minute to learn, but a lifetime to master.
A straight from a ten to an ace and all five cards of the same suit.
Five cards of the same suit in sequence. Ranked by the high card.
Four cards of the same rank accompanied by a kicker. Ranked by the quads, so that 44442 beats 3333K.
Three cards of one rank accompanied by two of another. Ranked by the trips, so that 44422 beats 333AA.
Five cards of the same suit. Ranked by the high card, and then by the next card, so that AJ942 beats AJ876. Suits are not used to break ties.
Five cards in sequence, such as 76543. The ace plays either high or low, making AKQJT and 5432A. "Around the corner" straights like 32AKQ are usually not allowed.
Three cards of the same rank and two kickers of different ranks. Ranked by the trips, so that KKK84 beats QQQAK, but QQQAK beats QQQA7.
Two cards of one rank, two cards of another rank and a kicker of a third rank. Ranked by the high pair, then the bottom pair and finally the kicker, so that KK449 beats any of QQJJA, KK22Q, and KK445.
Two cards of one rank accompanied by three kickers of different ranks. Ranked by the pair, followed by each kicker in turn, so that AAK53 beats AAK52.
Any hand that does not qualify as one of the better hands above. Ranked by the high card, then the second card and so on, as for flushes. Suits are not used to break ties.


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Clathria oxeota är en svampdjursart som först beskrevs av van Soest 1984.  Clathria oxeota ingår i släktet Clathria och familjen Microcionidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Horn- och kiselsvampar
oxeota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia