text:
Q: "Either": unexceptionable even when it applies to more than two clauses
Used before the first of two or more coordinates or clauses linked by or: no paraphrase with any is
available.
https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=either

WHETHER (conj.) 3. Either: He passed the test, whether by skill
or luck.
https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=whether

However OR reads

Used to indicate the second of two alternatives, the first being
preceded by either or whether.
https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=or

Aren't the three excerpts contradictory?
Which one is right?

A: I don't think they are contradictory, the last cited definition just doesn't cover all cases. To add to an example from the AHD definition:

I didn't know whether to laugh or cry.
I didn't know whether to laugh, or cry, or punch you in the nose!

Similarly for the example with "whether":

He passed the test, whether by skill[,] [or] luck or cheating, I don't know.

A: It is hard to answer your question because you are comparing definitions of "whether" and "or" and a usage note on "either."
The usage note that you are referring to reports a recommendation that, when "either" is used as a pronoun or adjective, it should refer to a dichotomy, just two alternatives. If there are more than two alternatives, then "any" should be used.
The note continues that many "reputable writers" have ignored that recommendation and that, in any case, it cannot apply to the use of "either" as a conjunction. In short, it suggests that the recommendation has a narrow application and is not massively followed even when applicable.
Yes, there is an apparent inconsistency within the definition of "or." When not preceded by the conjunctions "either" or "whether," the definition specifies that "or" is used to link a series of alternatives whereas, if preceded by the conjunctions "either" or "whether, "or" is used to link a pair of alternatives.
Now it is clear from the usage note that this dictionary recognizes that the conjunction "either" can precede a series of more than two. As Jack O'Flahert's answer says, the definition does not preclude a series of alternatives, and so it is perhaps better to say that the definition is incomplete rather than truly contradictory.
I have a suspicion that what created the apparent inconsistency was a different issue, namely the difference between "inclusive or" and "exclusive or." If that suspicion is correct, the thought that led to incompleteness was really the distinction between "a" and "not a," which clearly is a pair of alternatives rather than a series. If that is true, they really needed a usage note to distinguish between inclusive " or" and exclusive "or" rather than try to convey it in a definition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The hostility between India and Pakistan lies at the heart of the current war in Afghanistan. Most observers in the West view the Afghanistan conflict as a battle between the U.S. and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) on one hand, and al-Qaida and the Taliban on the other. In reality this has long since ceased to be the case. Instead our troops are now caught up in a complex war shaped by two pre-existing and overlapping conflicts: one local and internal, the other regional.
Within Afghanistan, the war is viewed primarily as a Pashtun rebellion against President Hamid Karzai's regime, which has empowered three other ethnic groups—the Tajiks, Uzbeks and Hazaras of the north—to a degree that the Pashtuns resent. For example, the Tajiks, who constitute only 27% of the Afghan population, still make up 70% of the officers in the Afghan army.
The Pashtuns had held sway in Afghan politics ever since the state assumed its current boundaries in the 1860s. By aligning with the Tajiks of the northern provinces against the Pashtuns of the south, the U.S. saw itself making common cause with the forces of secularism against militant Islam; but it was unwittingly taking sides in a complex civil war that has been going on since the 1970s—and that had roots going back much further than that. To this day, because the Pashtuns feel dominated by their ancestral enemies, many support or at least feel some residual sympathies for the Taliban.
There is also an age-old Pashtun-on-Pashtun element to the conflict. It pits Taliban from the Ishaqzai tribe, parts of the Nurzais, Achakzais, and most of the Ghilzais, especially the Hotak and Tokhi Ghilzais, against the more "establishment" Durrani Pashtun tribes: the Barakzais, Popalzais and Alikozais.
Beyond this indigenous conflict looms the much more dangerous hostility between the two regional powers—both armed with nuclear weapons: India and Pakistan. Their rivalry is particularly flammable as they vie for influence over Afghanistan. Compared to that prolonged and deadly contest, the U.S. and ISAF are playing little more than a bit part—and they, unlike the Indians and Pakistanis, are heading for the exit.
In the eyes of the world, never has the contrast between the two countries appeared so stark as it is now: one is widely perceived as the next great superpower, famous for its software geniuses, its Bollywood babes, its fast-growing economy and super-rich magnates; the other written off as a failed state, a world center of Islamic radicalism, the hiding place of Osama bin Laden, and the only ally of the U.S. whose airspace Washington has been ready to violate and whose villages it regularly bombs. However unfair this stereotyping may be, it's not surprising that many Pakistanis see their massive neighbor as threatening the very existence of their state.
For the Pakistani military, the existential threat posed by India has taken precedence over all other geopolitical and economic goals. The fear of being squeezed in an Indian nutcracker is so great that it has led the ISI to take steps that put Pakistan's own internal security at risk, as well as Pakistan's relationship with its main strategic ally, the U.S. For much of the last decade the ISI has sought to restore the Taliban to power so that it can oust Karzai and his Indian friends.
To achieve this goal, the Pakistani military has relied on "asymmetric warfare"— using jihadi fighters for its own ends. This strategy goes back over 30 years. Since the early 1980s, the ISI has consciously and consistently funded and incubated a variety of Islamic extremist groups. Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid calculates that there are currently more than 40 such extremist groups operating in Pakistan, most of whom have strong links with the ISI as well as the local Islamic political parties.
Excerpts from the The Brookings Essay by historian William Dalrymple – highly recommended, but definitely not for bedtime reading.
Do you want a tablet but don't have enough money to buy one of those high-end tablets available in the market today? Here's some good news for you. There's a new $35 tablet, the catch is, you can only get it in India.
The new Aakash UbiSlate 7Ci comes equipped with WiFi so you can connect to the internet but if you're living in India, you can avail of the $64 upgrade and have yourself a cellular Internet package of $2/month for 2 GB of data which translates to roughly 25 emails, 25 websites, 2 minutes of streaming video, and 15 minutes of voice chat a day. It also features voice search, so it might help pacify your need for something similar to Apple's Siri.
It features a 7.5-inch display, a front facing VGA camera, and a Cortex A8, 1Ghz Processor. According to reports, it's as fast as an iPhone, so it can't be too bad. It runs Android but the version hasn't been specified yet.
The cheap tablet is part of the Indian government's move to technologically mobilize the country. The first batch of the affordable tablets will hit universities around India sometime this month and via a "special offer", DataWind, the carrier and maker of the tablet, will offer broadband for a monthly cost of US$1.78. And for those living in remote areas where electricity is sparse, they can get a solar charger for the Aakash UbiSlate 7Ci.
Here is more, and for the pointer I thank Mark Thorson.
Tyler quipped "Perfect for MRU" in his caption. Translation "Perfect for Marginal Revolution University". Tyler and Alex Tabarrok are on their way to Korea for a MR session.
In fact, some scholars of the Indian economy are estimating a growth-rate crossover before 2020: when the Indian economy averages higher economic growth than China. And no scholars can usefully estimate political outcomes – how rapidly can India solve its governance problems?
For a look at the dynamics of the Indian economy, please read Edward Hugh, at Econmonitor, whose essay includes the above two graphics.
The relative demographics are huge. China has been benefiting from a bulge of working-age adults. That beneficial trend is now rapidly being reversed as the above charts indicate. Conversely, India is just beginning to benefit from a working-age bulge, which will be smoother and longer-lasting than China's experience.


Speculative risks of conflict are not enough to remove defence counsel, a Superior Court judge has ruled in a case the Crown argued could see the accused's lawyer cross-examining another client of his.
In a criminal trial involving a Nuit Blanche weekend shooting in Toronto, Crowns Beverley Richards and S. Beauchamp sought to remove lawyers Sean MacDonald and Allison Craig as counsel of record for the defendant because it will call one of the MacDonald's clients as a witness. That client happens to be a friend of the accused.
The Crown also said the defence may present the same client as an alternate suspect in the matter despite an assurance to the contrary.
But according to Superior Court Justice Ian Nordheimer, the risks were speculative and could be prevented.
The charges against the lawyer's client, the one who will be called to testify as a witness, were likely to be dropped shortly but the Crown still argued the lawyer shouldn't be in a position to cross-examine a former client.
That argument is "even more speculative," Nordheimer said, adding it's unknown what the witness will say when he is called to testify. As the witness is a friend of the defendant, there's a good chance his statements will be favourable to the defence, removing the need to cross-examine him.
In the event the defence must cross-examine the witness, Craig rather than MacDonald could question him, Nordheimer added. MacDonald and Craig are co-counsel on the murder charge but they are from different law firms and don't share office space. In addition, the client waived any prohibition on any use of confidential information he may have provided to MacDonald.
The bright-line rule, established by the Supreme Court of Canada in Canadian National Railway Co. v. McKercher LLP, comes into play whenever there's concurrent representation, adds Cohn. In this case, there was nothing to suggest the witness and the accused had adverse interests, he says.
Nordheimer decided "quite correctly" on a quandary that's not at all uncommon for criminal lawyers, Cohn says.


Japan Airlines FLY ON is most likely to Match Status based on 3 of 5 submitted reports (60%).
Thank you very much for your e-mail regarding our frequent flyer program.
Email United provide current JAL status and got approved about 1 week later.
Email reply: We already stop the Status Match program, thank you.
Sent a photo of my Crystal card and a screenshot of my mileage statement.


text:
Thumb-controlled keypad
A keypad for a portable electronic device, comprises a base, a rod extending from the base and configured to be toggled from a middle position into a plurality of deflected positions and to be depressed from any one of the middle and deflected positions, a number of trigger switches provided on the base and configured to be selectively switched in accordance with the position of the rod to output a corresponding electrical signal to be processed by the portable electronic device.
Ha, Wai Yin (Tseung Kwan O, HK)
G06F1/16; G06F3/00; G06F3/01; G06F3/023; G06F3/033; G09G5/08; (IPC1-7): G09G5/08
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20030098857 Detachable flexible and expandable display with touch sensor apparatus and method May, 2003 Gettemy et al.
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20060055686 Stylus pen combined with antenna in protable wireless terminal March, 2006 Lee
SITTA, GRANT
LEYDIG VOIT & MAYER, LTD (Alexandria, VA, US)
1. A keypad for a portable electronic device, comprising: a base, a first rod extending from the base and configured to be toggled from a middle position into a plurality of deflected positions and to be depressed from any one of the middle and deflected positions, a plurality of trigger switches provided on the base and configured to be selectively switched in accordance with the toggled position of the rod to thereby output a corresponding electrical signal to be processed by the portable electronic device.
2. The keypad as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of trigger switches comprises eight trigger switches corresponding in position to eight deflected positions of the first rod.
3. The keypad as claimed in claim 2, wherein the eight trigger switches are uniformly distributed about the first rod, and the base further comprises a ninth trigger switch beneath the first rod that is activated upon depression of the rod from any one of the middle and deflected positions.
4. The keypad as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger switches are touch-sensitive switches.
5. The keypad as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger switches are inductive switches.
6. The keypad as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger switches are photoelectric switches.
7. A mobile phone including the keypad of claim 1.
8. A PDA including the keypad of claim 1.
9. An input method using the keypad as claimed in claim 2, for generating seventeen different signals corresponding to each of seventeen different positions of the first rod.
10. The input method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the keypad base comprises a second rod and corresponding set of switches, for generating at least thirty four different signals, upon individual manipulation of the first and second rods or combined manipulation of the first and second rods, to generate different numerals, letters, or radicals of Chinese characters, or other characters or functions.
11. The input method as claimed in claim 10, wherein ten Arabic numerals and some functional keys are indicated by the seventeen different positions of one of the first and second rods.
12. The input method as claimed in claim 11, wherein alphanumeric and functional keys correspond to the different actions of the first and second rods in the following manner, in which X indicates that there is an inductive signal, and Reserve indicates other characters or functions:
(press down- down-
top-left top top-right left right left down right representatives
X X Yes (OK)
X X Reserve
X X No
(Cancel)
X X 0
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
13. The input method as claimed in claim 10, wherein a plurality of alphanumeric characters and some functional keys are indicated by the seventeen different signal outputs of one of the first and second rods, and the seventeen different signals are encoded according to the positions of the alphanumeric characters on a normal keyboard and the correspondence between the toggled directions of one of the first and second rods and the positions.
14. The input method as claimed in claim 10, wherein a plurality of alphanumeric characters and some functional keys are indicated by the thirty four different signal outputs of the first and second rods, and the thirty four different signals are encoded according to the positions of the alphanumeric characters on a normal keyboard and correspondence between the toggling directions of one of the first and second rods and the positions.
15. The input method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the alphanumeric characters and functional keys correspond to the different actions of the first and second rods in the following manner, in which X indicates that there is an inductive signal, and Reserve indicates other characters or functions:
top- top- (press down- down- (press down- down- repre-
left top right left down) right left down right top-left top top-right left right down right sentatives
X w
X e
X r
X s
X f
X c
X v
X X q
X X t
X X a
X X g
X X z
X X b
X u
X i
X o
X j
X k
X m
X Reserve
X X y
X X p
X X h
X X W
X X E
X X R
X X S
X X D
X X F
X X C
X X V
X X X Q
X X X Reserve
X X X T
X X X G
X X X Z
X X X B
X X U
X X I
X X O
X X J
X X K
X X M
X X X Y
X X X P
X X X H
X X X N
16. The input method as claimed in claim 10, wherein a plurality of Chinese characters or characters of other languages and some functions are indicated by the thirty four different signal outputs of the first and second rods, and the thirty four different signals are encoded based on corresponding positions between characters and alphanumeric characters, according to the positions of the alphanumeric characters on a normal keyboard and correspondence between the toggled directions of one of the first and second rods.
The present invention relates to a thumb-controlled keypad for use on mobile phones or portable electronic products and an input method therefor.
1. Field of the Invention
More particularly, although not exclusively, the invention relates to a thumb-controlled keypad which performs input by means of a small control rod and an input method therefor.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Mobile phones have become very popular and their uses are expanding. It is common for people to send short messages, however it is very inconvenient to send short messages using the nine-key input method implemented on mobile phones. The main reason is that no matter how the nine keys on the mobile phone are manipulated, it can not be as convenient as a computer keyboard for inputting Chinese and English characters /words. Generally, when Chinese and English are input by using the nine keys, one key must be depressed a number of times to complete the input, and the number of repetitions of each key may vary. The user must look at the key and make considerations so as to complete the input. This is very inconvenient. If a computer keyboard (not excluding a virtual image keyboard) were implemented in a mobile phone or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), then the size would have to be excessive. To create a keyboard of sufficiently small size, the keys would have to be so small as to be unusable by ordinarily finger interaction. The user would have to be provided with an additional pressing tool and therefore the speed of input would be slow. For most people use of such an input tool would be unacceptable.
Text and image transfer has become very popular with current communication technologies. For example, 3G mobile phones and PDA technology have entered the market. Many kinds of wireless network application will be indispensable in the future. Therefore, ease of text input for message transfer will become paramount.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or substantially ameliorate at least one of the above disadvantages. It is a further, more general object of the invention to provide a thumb-controlled keypad and an input method of manipulating same.
According to the invention, there is provided a keypad for a portable electronic device, comprising:
a base,
a rod extending from the base and configured to be toggled from a middle position into a plurality of deflected positions and to be depressed from any one of the middle and deflected positions,
a plurality of trigger switches provided on the base and configured to be selectively switched in accordance with the toggled position of the rod to thereby output a corresponding electrical signal to be processed by the portable electronic device.
Preferably, said plurality of trigger switches comprises eight said switches corresponding in position to eight said deflected positions of the rod (East, South,West, North, South-East, North-East, South-West, and North-West).
More preferably, the trigger switches are touch-sensitive switches.
Further more preferably, the trigger switches are inductive switches.
Alternatively, the trigger switches are photoelectric switches.
There is further provided herein a mobile phone comprising the above disclosed keypad.
There is further provided herein a PDA comprising the above disclosed keypad.
There is further provided herein an input method using the above disclosed keypad, for generating seventeen different signals corresponding to each of seventeen different positions of the rod.
Preferably, the keypad base comprises another said rod and corresponding set of switches, for generating 34 or more different signals, upon individual manipulation of the rods or combined manipulation thereof, to generate different numerals, letters, or radicals of Chinese characters, or other characters or functions.
More preferably, ten Arabic numerals and some functional keys are indicated by the seventeen different positions of one of the rods.
Further more preferably, the numeral and functional keys correspond to the different actions of the rod in the following manner, in which X indicates that there is an inductive signal, and Reserve indicates other characters or functions:
top- (press down- down-
top-left top right Left down) right left down right representatives
X X Yes
It is preferred that a plurality of alphanumeric characters and some functional keys are indicated by the seventeen different signal outputs of one of the rods, and the seventeen different signals are encoded according to the positions of the alphanumeric characters on a normal keyboard and the correspondence between the toggled directions of one of the rods and the positions.
It is preferred that a plurality of alphanumeric characters and some functional keys are indicated by the thirty four different signal outputs of the two rods, and the thirty four different signals are encoded according to the positions of the alphanumeric characters on a normal keyboard and the correspondence between the toggling directions of a single rod and the positions.
Preferably, the alphanumeric characters and functional keys correspond to the different actions of the rods in the following manner, in which X indicates that there is an inductive signal, and Reserve indicates other characters or functionals:
top- top- (press down- down- top- top- (press down- repre-
left top right left down) right left down right left top right left down) Right left down down-right sentatives
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of Chinese characters or characters of other languages and some functions are indicated by the thirty four different signal outputs of the two rods, and the thirty four different signals are encoded based on the corresponding positions between these characters and the alphanumeric characters and according to the positions of the alphanumeric characters on a normal keyboard and the correspondence between the toggled directions of one of the rods.
The present invention has the following advantages: It is small-sized, has a fast speed, is convenient and fashionable, and furthermore, it can also b e used by handicapped people. The text input method of controlled rod type can simulate the twenty six main character keys on a keyboard. Only one rod on a mobile phone is required so as to replace 14 main character keys on the mobile phone. Also, in the case where the volume of the mobile phone or PDA is unchanged, the corresponding display screen size can be increased. The design of one rod or two rods, according to the input habits of people, respectively employ the directions of the 11 keys of an analogue standard numeric keypad and the twenty six keys of a standard computer keyboard. For example, when you want to input an A character on the computer keyboard, your left hand will naturally move toward top-left. Thus, we can exploit such a habit and additionally make some exercises, so that the present invention must be the fastest input method for current portable electronic devices. In some inconvenient cases, such designs of one rod or two rods will be very useful. For example, when a driver is driving a car, the 9-keys keypad always requires the user to look in order to perform input, whereas the present invention, comprising a directional input, need not be viewed when used. Further, the designs of one rod or two rods are also suitable for some handicapped persons such as the blind.
The invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a one thumb-controlled rod in accordance with the invention, illustrating toggle and press signals;
FIG. 2 is a triggering schematic diagram of a touch-sensitive switch which generates 17 signals after the thumb-controlled rod of FIG. 1 is toggled;
FIG. 3 is a triggering schematic diagram of an inductive switch which generates 17 signals after the thumb-controlled rod of FIG. 1 is toggled;
FIG. 4 is a position diagram of the eight directions in which the trigger switch of FIGS. 2 and 3 is triggered viewed in top,
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trigger signal output of the thumb-controlled rod of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 shows the connection relations among a single thumb-controlled rod of FIG. 1 and relevant electronic elements as well as a processing unit;
FIG. 7 shows a numeral input method of a single thumb-controlled rod of FIG. 1; and
FIGS. 8a and 8b show a text input method of two thumb-controlled rods of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring initially to FIG. 1 of the drawings, for a mobile phone or PDA keypad, there is shown one thumb-controlled rod 11 embodying the invention, which can be used to replace a plurality of input keys. The thumb-controlled rod 11 can be toggled in eight directions around it, which are respectively denoted as East, South, West, North, South-East, North-East, South-West, and North-West. After being toggled into a position, the rod 11 can be also pressed successively.
As shown in FIG. 2, a keypad base 14 of the rod 11 is configured to have one touch-sensitive switch 12 in each corresponding direction. In the position connecting the bottom of the rod 11 and the keypad base 14, there is provided one touch-sensitive switch 12. After the rod 11 is toggled into one direction, the touch-sensitive switch 12 for the press of the direction is triggered so as to generate a corresponding electrical signal, and after being confirmed, the rod 11 returns to a zero position, i.e. a position where no switch 12 is triggered, and the electrical signal becomes active. After the rod 11 is toggled into one direction and the switch 12 in that direction is triggered, one electrical signal is generated, and then the rod 11 is pressed down so as to trigger the touch-sensitive switch 12 located at the bottom of the rod 11, thus another electrical signal is generated, and after being confirmed, the rod 11 returns to the zero position, and the electrical signals become active. When the rod 11 is pressed down at the middle position, the touch-sensitive switch 12 of that position is also triggered so as to generate a corresponding electrical signal. Thus, due to the various actions of each rod 11, seventeen different electrical signals can be output.
FIG. 3 is a triggering schematic diagram of an inductive switch 13 which generates 17 signals after the thumb-controlled rod 11 as shown in FIG. 1 is toggled. There is provided one inductive switch 13 on the keypad base 14 in each corresponding direction, and one inductive switch 13 also provided at the bottom of the rod 11 on the keypad base 14. At the middle and bottom parts of the rod 11, one switch inductive region is provided respectively. After the rod 11 is toggled into one direction, the inductive region located at the middle part of the rod 11 and the inductive switch 13 of that direction mutually induce so that an electrical signal is generated, and after being confirmed, the rod 11 returns to a zero position, i.e. a position where no switch 13 is triggered, and the electrical signal becomes active. After the rod 11 is toggled into one direction, one electrical signal is generated, and then the rod 11 is pressed down so that the inductive switch 13 located at the bottom of the rod 11 is triggered, thus another electrical signal is generated simultaneously, and after being confirmed, the rod 11 returns to the zero position, and the electrical signals become active. When the rod 11 is pressed down at the middle position, the inductive switch 13 of that position can also generate a corresponding electrical signal. Thus, due to the various actions of each rod 11, seventeen different electrical signals can be output. No matter which orientations (including the zero position) the rod 11 is toggled into, it can be pressed down. Of course, photoelectric switches 10 can be also provided in respective orientations so as to cooperate with the various actions of the rod 11 to generate various electrical signals.
FIG. 4 is a position diagram of the eight directions in which the trigger switches 12/13 are triggered viewed in top. As can be seen in FIG. 4, no matter which triggering way is employed, each rod 11 can always generate seventeen different electrical signals.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trigger signal output of the rod 11. The seventeen different signals of the rod 11 as described above are output. In this figure, the solid lines 18 indicate the electrical signals output lines after the trigger switches 12/13 in respective orientations are triggered, the dotted lines 19 indicate the electrical signals output lines after the trigger switches 12/13 below respective orientations are triggered, and the bold solid lines 20 indicate grounded lines or power supply lines so as to achieve the circuits of electrical signals. The seventeen different signals can be digital signals of 0 or 1 indicated by different voltages. When the rod 11 triggers one or two of the switches 12/13 so that signals are output, the output signals may be 0 or 1. The signal of 0 or 1 can indicate it is triggered or is not triggered. When a triggered signal output of 0indicates it is triggered, the bold solid lines 20 are used as the power supply lines, and the voltages of the power supply lines 20 may be different; and when a triggered signal output of 1 indicates it is triggered, the bold solid lines 20 are used as the grounded lines, and the voltage of the signal lines 18 and 19 may be different.
FIG. 6 shows the connection relations among a single rod 11 and relevant electronic elements as well as a processing means 30. In FIG. 6, an area A denotes a variable area connection, all the outputs of the rod 11 can or can not be connected to the area A. There may be a resistor, a capacitor, a row of resistors, an IC, or other relevant electronic elements in the area A. After passing through the area A, all the outputs of the signal lines 18 and 19 are connected to the processing means 30 of the portable electronic device. The number of the output lines passing through the area A may be changed. If the bold solid lines 20 in FIG. 5 which may be the grounded lines or the power supply lines are the power supply lines, these lines can not be connected to the processing means directly or indirectly; whereas if they are the grounded lines, generally, they will be connected to the processing means 30 directly or indirectly.
Only the connections in the case of one rod 11 are shown in FIG. 6. If two rods 11 are employed, all of the output electrical signal lines are connected to one processing means 30, and which may be connected to two areas A simultaneously.
The processing means 30 may employ any technical solution of the prior art and can include an A/D conversion means, an interface circuit, a storage unit and a processing unit 32, etc. The module type of the processing unit 32 may be MCU (RISC, CISC . . . etc), CPU, Computer Control Board, PLC, Logic unit, IC, PAL, GAL . . . and so on.
The main function of the processing unit module 32 is to process the electrical signals directly or indirectly output by the rod 11.
Next, the processing method of the processing unit 32 will be described.
The processing unit 32 may apply the methods of mapping, logic analysis and conditional analysis for processing signal inputs, and after processing, can obtain a desired result.
The processing unit 32 performs logic operation or programming on all the input signals, and uses encoding to set the correspondence between the signals and the displayed characters. When a user starts to toggle the rod 11, according to the principle of the state machine, the logic or program enters into "a state in which a user is performing input". When the rod 11 returns to the zero position, all the signals are still not triggered, a predetermined logic or program can confirm the last input, and according to the concrete encoding, display a corresponding character on a display. When the user continues to press down the rod 11 after toggling it, one signal is generated due to the toggle, and the other signal is generated due to the press, that is two signals are generated at the same time, after confirming, the user releases the rod 11, and the rod 11 returns to the zero position, at this time, there is no trigger, and these two-times input signals are confirmed in accordance with a predetermined logic or program, and according to the concrete encoding, a corresponding character is displayed on the display. Before the user releases the rod 11, that is, before the rod 11 returns to the zero position, the display position for character selecting can only display the characters or numerals corresponding to those generated after just returning the zero position. The user can make any change. Only when the user makes the rod 11 return the zero position, the display position will display the characters or numerals just input.
The method of mapping can be a table mapping. In a table, it can be defined that different signal inputs are mapped to particular characters representatives so as to achieve a corresponding result. It is shown in the following table.
top-left top top-right left down) right left down right representatives
Other cases are omitted herein.
where X indicates that there is an inductive signal.
The above is but one example of the mapping.
When one rod 11 is used, there is only one mapping table, whereas when two rods 11 are used, the mapping table can be changed somewhat so as to comply with each other.
The logic analysis generally uses logic gates such as AND, OR, NOT or programming to process. One example is shown as follow:
The above is but one example where a desire character is obtained by using the logic operation method.
The conditional analysis generally performs relevant conditional analyses by using the programs accepted by relevant processing modules. The programs may be different tools or languages such as C/C++, VB, Java, Assemble, macro . . . , etc.
For example, if ((there is an induction in top-right) and (there is an induction in down-middle)) character=T.
FIG. 7 shows a numeral input method of a single rod 11. The numeral input method of one rod 11 totally sets ten signal inputs, and the remaining can be arbitrarily set, the main numeral inputs are arranged as follows.
If the rod 11 is moved toward top-left (North-West), it is 1; if the rod 11 is moved upwards (North), it is 2; if the rod 11 is moved toward top-right (North-East), it is 3; if the rod 11 is moved toward left (West), it is 4; if the rod 11 is not moved but pressed down once (pressed once at the zero position), it is 5; if the rod 11 is moved toward right (East), it is 6; if the rod 11 is moved toward down-left (South-West), it is 7; If the rod 11 is moved downwards (South), it is 8; and if the rod 11 is moved toward down-right (South-East) and pressed down once, it is 0. The others can be arbitrarily set, for example, if the rod 11 is moved toward top-left and then pressed down, it means "Y". The time for the confirmation of the signal is when the rod 11 returns the zero position.
The concrete encoding method of a complete thumb-controlled keypad indicated by the seventeen different signals of one rod 11 is shown below.
1. Indications of numeral input keypad 40A (FIG. 7) are shown in the following table:
middle down- down-
Top-left top Top-right left (press right left down right representatives
2. Indications of alphabet input keypad 40B (FIG. 7) are shown in Table 1 below (the uppercase and lowercase of an English letter are the same):
(press down-
top-left top top-right left down) right down-left down right Representatives
3. Indications of alphanumeric input keypad 40C (FIG. 7) are shown in Table 2 below (the uppercase and lowercase of an English letter are the same):
For the above character keypad, the uppercase or lowercase of the character is determined by other signals, the correspondence of the character itself need not be changed.
The "Reserve" in the tables means it can by used for other purpose, for example, it can be used for the determination of the uppercase or lowercase of the letters, such as Caps Lock, Shift, or can be used as mode switch for alphabetic keypad, numeric keypad and other keypad, or can be used for other functions such as Space bar, other punctuation, or Enter and so on.
Certainly, the present invention emphasises the corresponding method of twenty six letters.
The above positions correspond to the positions of the English letters on a common keyboard. If a Chinese or Japanese character, or a character of other languages is needed to be input, the correspondence is based on the corresponding positions on the keyboard between the English letters and these different input characters.
FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b show a text input method of two rods 11. It is conceived by simulating the position arrangement on a computer keyboard. The arrangement by using two rods 12 for simulation is as follows.
There are twenty six character inputs in total on a keyboard (as for English, they are from A to Z, as for Chinese CangJie input characters. They are from to and so on). Most of character and text input method (including English, simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, Japanese, French . . . ) are all arranged within the keyboard for A to Z. In these figures, only the arrangements for English alphabet inputs 40D and CangJie character inputs 40E on the two rods 11 are shown, and they are arranged according to the standard character positions for an English keyboard. All the key arrangements for the character input methods of different languages are within the scope of the present invention, for example, the key arrangements for all the input methods of simplified Chinese (such as Wu Bi grapheme input method), the key arrangements for all the input methods of traditional Chinese, . . . , etc. The embodiment in FIGS. 8a and 8b mainly shows the arrangements of the twenty six keys, in which the left rod supplies 15 of them, and the right rod supplies 11 of them, and the remaining 8 representatives can be arbitrarily arranged, for example, they can be used as "Enter", "SPACE BAR", "SHIFT", ",", "." and so on.
Hereunder, the mainly thirty four different signal representatives and other signal representatives for two rods input method are shown.
Two thumb-controlled rods 11 are used at the same time, which mainly integrates the alphanumeric keypad 40C representatives of the single thumb-controlled rod 11 as described above wherein Table 1 and Table 2 correspond to left hand and right hand input characters respectively. The two rods 11 are respectively provided on left and right sides.
The encoding method of the character keypads 40B and 40C for two rods 11 are shown in the following table. (The first 9 columns indicate the left-side rod 11, and the next 9 columns indicate the right-side rod 11.)
middle middle
top- top- (press down- down- top- top- (press down- down- repre-
left top right Left down) Right left down right left top right left down) right left down right sentatives
The following input encoding method embodiment for two rods can be used to denote other character keys
or functional keys.
X X X X Reserve
The other combinations can not be enumerated one by one, but can all be used as reserved.
For the representatives corresponding to the representatives in the above character keypad 40C with two rods 11, the uppercase or lowercase of the character is determined by other rod signals. The "Reserve" in the tables means it can by used for other purpose, for example, it can be used for the determination of the uppercase or lowercase of the letters, such as Caps Lock, Shift, or can be used as mode switch for alphabet keypad, numeric keypad and other keypad, or can be used as other representatives such as Space bar, other punctuations or Enter and so on.
The left-side rod 11 mainly corresponds to the characters on the left of a normal keyboard, and the right-side rod mainly corresponds to the characters on the right of a normal keyboard.
The correspondence can have the correspondence of the input signals by simultaneously operating the two rods 11, since in terms of the designs of the rods 11, one rod 11 can input at most two signals at a time, then the most correspondence table can indicate both the inputs of the two signals of the left rod 11 and the inputs of the two signals of the right rod 11.
The "Reserve" in the tables is not marked for any character use and correspondence thereof, and can be arbitrary correspondence if necessary. The table mainly indicates the corresponding method of the twenty six English characters.
The above corresponding representatives mainly correspond to the orientations of the English letters on a common keyboard. If a Chinese character or a character of other languages is needed to be input, the correspondence is based on the corresponding positions on the keyboard between the English letters and these different input characters.
Some input and encode methods when a single rod 11 and two rods 11 are used as a numeral and text input method are illustrated above, other rod input and encode methods based on the same inventive idea such as multiple rods input method and other input arrangement methods for the left and right thumb-controlled rods 11 are all within the scope of the present invention.
The invention has been given by way of example only, and various other modification of and/or alterations to the described embodiment may be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as specified in the appended claims.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This 10 photos and dyptichs are part of an on going book project, which i'm working on for the next 3-5 years. In cooperation with one of the most prestige music festival in switzerland.
Our goal is to create a time document of the up and coming and the established artists from all around the world. Putting them in a light that may show a personal and honest side of them.


This blog is 12 years old today. Twelve years!
There is a term I've seen repeatedly used to describe this blog: "under-appreciated".
Occasionally I've seen the phrase "undervalued" used instead.
It's nice to hear, but I'm not sure it is true. How can something be under-appreciated? Either it has value and people know it and appreciate it, or it doesn't. I'm not even sure how you could measure such a thing.
It is a nice sentiment, though. And I take it to mean I'm producing content (what a pretentious word!) that people believe is worth more than the recognition I get for it. That's a nice thing to hear.
So, thank you to those who have said that about my blog over the past 12 years. And thanks to all of you for reading and putting up with me.


text:
Q: Onenter press remove innerHTML I have

  <button type="button" data-bind=" jqueryui: 'button', click: goto_step.bind($data, 'NCS2')">click for answer</button>

  <button type="button" data-bind=" jqueryui: 'button', click: goto_step.bind($data, 'NCS2')">click for answer</button>

but when I press enter in p tag it shows button and code will be like

        <button type="button" data-bind=" jqueryui: 'button', click: goto_step.bind($data, 'NCS2')">Show script</button>
<button type="button" data-bind=" jqueryui: 'button', click: goto_step.bind($data, 'NCS2')">
</button>

but what I need is

    <button type="button" data-bind=" jqueryui: 'button', click: goto_step.bind($data, 'NCS2')">Show script</button>

(here I show button but it may b any tag )
Only single p tag not button within it..I only want p tag with blank innerHTML on enter press

A: hello check this code when you click on button the innerHtml is removed from p tag which id is contentToRemove. you can check link for live view link is below:
https://jsfiddle.net/fatehjagdeo/tdkj77aa/

      <button type="button" class="button" >click for answer</button>

    anything in this p tag


good fotos but i think its cruel !
The discus lover's in this forum must be in a state of shock on seeing these pics.
You got it right, mate.
But not unfamiliar with sight of such flat swimming with my 95% daily water-changes.
This is the standard way that exporters send out photos to their customers just before shipping it to them. Nothing shocking about it.
I didn't know that. I stand corrected.
This is more traditional way of photography before shipment.
I fully agree with Beta , this is normal . The breeders who photographs such discus are Professionals , and they will never ever do things which will harm their discus .
What I understand before packing for export they dose their discus with Fish Stabilizer , due to which the discus become semi-unconcious ( for few hrs ) , due to this the discus will not be in stress during transport and also utilize less oxygen .
So imagine when Discus are in that state , they are flat in water , and you can arrange them in water what ever manner you want for taking photographs ( before final packing ) . These discus are A grade discus and very expensive , and the discus are arranged that manner only to take photographs . Most of the time the importer requests the breeders to photograph their discus .This is called bucket shot .
The Discus were so well arranged, I feel they could be sedated.


text:
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<project version="4">
  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
    <modules>
      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/02-Selection-Sort-Generate-Test-Cases.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/02-Selection-Sort-Generate-Test-Cases.iml" />
    </modules>
  </component>
</project>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


THE Evening Express, Aberdeen, is looking for a photographer to join its team in Aberdeen.
In return, we offer a competitive salary, company pension scheme and healthcare cash plan.
Closing date for applications is Friday, November 22.


Since the launch of the ESSBOX concept in 2012, ESSVE − the Nordic market leader in construction fastenings – has doubled its revenue to SEK1 billion (€102 million). Now the company is looking to launch the concept internationally.
ESSVE offers one of the industry's widest assortment of fastening products, with over 5,000 articles – covering screws, heavy-duty fasteners, nails, nailers, sealants and adhesives – all of which can be integrated in the fastening system: ESSBOX.
ESSVE states that its ESSBOX system, which it launched internationally at the beginning of the year at EISENWARENMESSE, has the potential to change the market.
So, what is it that sets the ESSBOX system apart from competitors and has 98.7% of Swedish craftsmen recommending it?
The secret behind the ESSVE concept is the integrated approach to the professional user's everyday challenge – how to carry around a full day's worth of fasteners in an organised way. According to a survey made among 160 Swedish craftsmen, 95% experienced problems with broken product packages, resulting in product waste and monetary loss. In total 90% of the craftsmen also reported they have to interrupt their workflow to find the right fastener, meaning vast amounts of time is spent on tasks that do not contribute to the overall efficiency of the project.
The ESSBOX system facilitates the storage of these screws and fasteners, and makes it easy to bring everything a user needs to the job. The system consists of the cases ESSBOX Original, ESSBOX Mini, ESSBOX Systainer and the clear plastic product packages. The patented pattern of green octagonal snaps is the hallmark for the system. The octagonal snaps in the bottom of the cases holds the boxes in place, even if the case is not fully loaded or gets jostled around. The octagonal snaps on the lids and bottoms of the boxes also let the user securely stack the boxes outside the ESSBOX. This saves time and material while at the same time helps keep the end user organised.
Ever since the launch of the ESSBOX system in 2012, ESSVE has continued to add and edit features and innovations to the system. The ESSBOX Mini, which launched in 2016, was a result of requests by users who do not consume a large quantity of fasteners, e.g electricians, fitters, roofers, smiths and handymen. ESSBOX Systainer was developed to be compatible with existing systainers on the market, however, is customised with the ESSBOX pattern of octagonal snaps. In 2018 ESSVE is also launching smaller product packages that will let users fit more varieties and product sizes in the same case.


People living close to Metro corridors in the country could soon end up paying more tax with the Centre asking state governments to explore the option of imposing dedicated tax as part of innovative methods to finance such modern transport projects.
The Union Urban Development Ministry has written letters to state governments seeking their opinion on levying additional taxes on land transactions near the Metro corridors and a few states like Tamil Nadu and Andhra have replied in the positive.
"Metro is a very costly system...The difficult part is to meet the expenses and many more cities in the country are coming up with Metro projects. As a result of this, we have to go for innovative sources of revenue generation and one is the levying of taxes," Urban Development Secretary Sudhira Krishna told reporters here.
He said the proposal states that the levy 10 per cent may also be imposed on additional floor area ratio (FAR) permitted along the Metro stretches.
Seventy-five per cent of the funds raised through such taxes would go to the Centre's dedicated urban transport fund which could be used for further extension of projects.
Since tax is a state government subject, they are free to decided the percentage, Krishna said, adding that it was just a proposal and no decision has been taken by the Centre.
If the proposal sees the light of the day, it would be implemented in Delhi along the Metro corridors as it is one of the few cities which has Metro transport system.
The Secretary dismissed suggestions that people living near-by Metro corridors are being "penalised" for choosing their residence there, saying the gainers should participate in further development of the project.
"It is not a startling increase. The tax would be a nominal amount and it is inevitable. Because, the Delhi Metro has to repay its loan amount," he said.
Krishna said the Centre got the idea of writing to the state after Karnataka government launched an infrastructure tax by imposing cess on certain items.
He said he has asked the Delhi Metro to work out a similar proposition like the Bangalore Metro for launching tax-free 'Metro' bonds to raise funds for further expansion.
"The Bangalore Metro has proposed Metro bonds. I have advised the Delhi Metro also to work out a similar proposition for mobilising resources," he said.
The tax-free bonds would reduce the "external borrowing" factor of the Delhi Metro and will help in using the resources that are available internally.
"External borrowings are not always good. Unlimited and excessive external borrowings are not good. When resources are available internally they should be used," he said.
Krishna said the proposal had already reached the Finance Ministry and expressed the hope that it would be cleared soon.
He also said the Delhi Metro has been asked to submit a draft Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA) Bill from user agency perspective within four weeks.
The organisation has already started the work of drafting the proposed bill, he said.


text:
60 seconds with… Lord Bilimoria
Lord Bilimoria is the Founding Chairman of Cobra Beer and the UK-India Business Council. He is the Senior Independent Director of Booker Group, the FTSE 250 wholesaler, a member of the Advisory Board of the Judge Business School and an Honorary Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University. He is an Independent Crossbench Peer, a member of the Prime Minister of India's Global Advisory Council and was previously Deputy President of the London Chamber of Commerce and a NED at Brake Brothers.
What would you change to make UK boards more effective?
I would insist that every board in the UK have international representation amongst its board members. We live in an ever more connected world making it easier to trade internationally and it's a source of endless frustration to me that UK companies aren't taking greater advantage of this.
As well as introducing greater international diversity into the boardroom, I would also champion other forms of diversity. The breadth and depth of experience in the House of Lords makes for an effective check on the House of Commons – the same goes for non-executives on a corporate board. At Booker, each non-executive brings their own perspective and experience to the table and this diversity is central to the board's effectiveness. It drives rich and rewarding boardroom conversations by challenging the executive team to see beyond the blinkers and expand their horizons.
Have boards changed much in the last few years?
Since the Higgs Report a decade ago, there has undoubtedly been a step change in attitudes – especially amongst non-executive directors. Their role is taken far more seriously and their input is valued. I particularly support the recent development of the role of the Senior Independent Director on the board – it helps instil further checks and balances.
How important do you consider information to be in the boardroom?
The executive will always be more knowledgeable about the business, so the challenge is for the non-executive to get up to speed. Giving non-executives too little information is dangerous, but there's a limit to the volume of information a non-executive can realistically digest. Getting the right balance is key.
Along with the right scope of information, we also need the right frequency. Weekly dashboards are a helpful supplement to the more formal monthly briefing papers and keep the whole board in the loop between board meetings.
What government policy would you like to change to support British enterprise?
Top of my list would be our tax policy. We need to attract the highest calibre of talent from around the world but our top rate of taxation, combined with VAT and National Insurance is just too high – it's stifling enterprise. I'd also develop policies that encourage investment in higher education, research, development and innovation. The US invests a multiple of what we do in each of these areas. We can't expect to remain competitive as a nation if we don't close this gap. Finally, I'd invest in schemes to help SMEs and start-ups get access to the funding they need. Government Loan Guarantee Schemes were essential to getting Cobra Beer off the ground.
How will the UK's global influence change over the next decade?
Our habit of self-deprecation does us no favours. In fact, we're at risk of losing our global influence because we're underestimating our strengths. We shouldn't forget that we have a strong manufacturing sector and defence industry, a higher education system that is amongst the best in the world and, despite recent challenges, a leading financial services industry too. We need to secure our prospects on the global stage by playing to our strengths, not diminishing them, or we risk killing the goose that lays the golden egg.
What is the smartest business decision you've made?
Deciding to found Cobra Beer and create something that people genuinely love and appreciate! After that, the smartest thing I've done is to build a team of people around me who are highly capable, loyal and adaptable.
The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life by Alice Schroeder.
What is your golden rule?
I have two. The first is to always take the initiative, always be creative and always go that extra mile. It's the same advice my father gave me when I was about to take up my first job in an accounting practice and it's some of the best advice I've ever been given. The other is to stay true to my vision and aspire to achieve against all the odds with integrity.


text:
HomevocabularyGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY EXERCISE ANSWER KEY 22101 ENGLISH
Mr. Sarfaraj R. Nadaf October 14, 2018
1.1 Sample Exercises
Complete the following sentences by using the suitable articles 'a,' or 'an' and 'the':
1. Ram goes to the temple every day.
2. I bought a new mobile.
3. Goa is a paradise for all hippies.
4. Man is the highest form of creation.
5. Please open the window.
6. Gramophone is a devise for recording and reproducing sound and music.
7. The inspector of the prison was hated by the prisoners.
8. Suresh is a good painter.
9. Most of the people in this village are honest.
10. What a beautiful person she is!
11. Arjun returned after an hour.
12. Which is the longest river in India?
13. An umbrella is a useful thing during rainy season.
14. Not everyone gets an opportunity to become famous.
15. Life is like a concert to me.
16. The Science of life is not as complicated as rocket science.
17. My friend is an M.A. in Sanskrit.
18. The time flies as fast as an eagle.
19. Sanskrit is a difficult language.
20. He is an efficient employee.
1.2.1 Exercise: The underlined prepositions are not correct. Rewrite the following
sentences using correct prepositions:
1. Education is a means for an end.
Education is a means without an end
2. Reenu has a great admiration of Wax Museum.
Reenu has a great admiration for Wax Museum
3. It is not good to be ashamed for one's work.
It is not good to ashamed of one's work.
4. Rajat spoke to me at the mobile.
Rajat spoke to me on the mobile.
5. This machine has not been in use from 2000.
This machine has not been in use since 2000
6. The factories in Pune remain closed for Thursdays.
The factories in Pune remain closed on Thursdays.
7. I shall send you this CD latest on 10 February.
I shall send you this CD latest by 10 February.
8. What are you looking for so fixedly?
What are you looking at so fixedly?
9. The farmers are tired from work.
The farmers are tired of work.
10. Kunal is guilty for rudeness.
Kunal is guilty of rudeness.
11. Kaveri is afraid with a dog.
Kaveri is afraid of a dog.
12. People cannot abide to the new rules.
People cannot abide by the new rules.
13. We have to listen for what our parents say.
We have to listen to what our parents say.
14. There is no exception of this rule.
There is no exception for this rule.
15. Tarun has an ambition to higher position.
Tarun has an ambition for higher position.
16. Our College is situated of Shivaji Road.
Our College is situated near Shivaji Road.
17. I am younger from my brother.
I am younger than my brother.
18. The cashier was not on the counter.
The cashier was not at the counter.
19. Prince fell in the well.
Prince fell into the well.
20. Water flows on the bridge.
Water flows under the bridge.
1.3 CONJUNCTIONS
1.3.1 Select correct coordinating conjunctions to be filled in the given passage from the list
given here: (and, or, but, so, nor, yet, still, therefore).
a) It was raining heavily therefore we cancelled our trip to Goa.
b) Teachers and parents shape the lives of children.
c) Walking is a very good exercise but many people don't go for it.
d) You can eat your cake with a spoon or a fork.
e) His two favourite sports are Football and Tennis.
f) I wanted to go to the beach but Mary refused.
g) She is a vegetarian, but she doesn't eat any meat.
h) Jennifer doesn't like to swim nor she enjoys cycling.
i) The students didn't submit the assignments nor did they consult the teacher.
j) It is a small car yet it is surprisingly spacious.
1.3.2 Select correct subordinating conjunctions to be filled in the given passage from the
list given here: (Unless, if, when, because, as if, although, after, before, as soon as)
a) The train had already departed before I reached the station.
b) Sachin scored more after getting tips from his coach.
c) I shall contact him as soon as he comes back.
d) You will not get success unless you work hard.
e) Seema didn't come to college because she was out of station.
f) Ashok will get the job if he deserves it.
g) He was behaving in such a way as if he was a king.
h) Although he got enough time, he could not complete his assignment within time.
i) You should finish your homework when I get back to home.
1.3.3 Sample Exercise for the usage of Co-ordinating conjunctions. (Either……or,
neither……. nor, not only…. but also, as……as, if…….then, whether…..or)
a) If my parents allow then I'll decide to come with you.
b) Dr. Kalam was not only a scientist but also an author of many famous books.
c) The management will decide whether to install this machine or not.
d) Ritu is neither tall nor intelligent than Deepa.
e) Either you finish your work or leave your job.
f) Your company offers not only a good salary but also an opportunity to grow.
Tense (Correct form of verb)
Rewrite the following sentences using correct form of verbs given in bracket.
1. When you arrive tonight, we……….. (go) out for dinner.
When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner.
2. Whenever we meet, we ……….. (plan) a trip.
Whenever we meet, we plan/will plan a trip
3. The sun ……….. (shine) brightly.
The sun shines brightly.
4. Vijay ……….. (wait) for me when I arrived.
Vijay was waiting for me when I arrived.
5. I promise I ……….. (not/tell) him about the surprise party.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
6. Shikhar Dhawan ……….. (score) a century in the last match.
Shikhar Dhawan scored a century in the last match.
7. I ……….. (get) hungry. Let's go and have something to eat.
I am getting hungry. Let's go and have something to eat.
8. …….. (have) you ever ……….. (visit) the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
Have you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
9. Who ……….. (invent) the bicycle?
Who invented the bicycle?
10. Yesterday evening the phone ……….. (ring) three times while we ……….. (have)
dinner.
Yesterday evening the phone rang three times while we were having dinner.
11. When I met you last time, you ……….. (think) of moving to a new flat.
When I met you last time, you were thinking of moving to a new flat.
12. She only understood the movie because she ……….. (read) the book.
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
13. Can you ……….. (help) me move this heavy table?
Can you help me move this heavy table?
14. Hello Nitya, I ……….. (not/see) you for ages. How are you?
Hello Nitya, I haven't seen you for ages. How are you?
15. We can go out now. It ……….. (not/rain) any more.
We can go out now. It is not raining any more.
16. He ……….. (go) to that place every year.
He goes to that place every year.
17. There I……….. (notice) how important it……….. (be) to speak English nowadays.
There I noticed how important it is to speak English nowadays.
18. And I……….. (already begin /) to read the novel.
And I already began to read the novel.
19. If I ……….. (pass) my exams successfully, I……….. (start) an apprenticeship in
September.
If I pass my exams successfully, I will start an apprenticeship in September.
20. while I ……….. (do) the language course, I ……….. (meet) lots of young people from all
over the world.
While I was doing the language course, I met lots of young people from all over the world.
Change the voice.
1.7.4 Sample Exercise: Change the voice.
1) I sent the report yesterday.
The report was sent by me yesterday.
2) The restaurant was renovated by me in 2004.
I renovated the restaurant in 2004.
3) The girls were singing songs when I went into the hall.
Songs were being sung by the girls when I had gone into the hall.
4) By whom was she taught French?
Who taught her French?
5) I will clean the house every Saturday.
The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.
6) Let the door be shut.
Shut the door.
7) Grammar is taught to us by Prof. Gokhale.
Prof. Gokhale teaches us grammar.
8) The publisher had printed the book.
The book had been printed by the publisher.
9) He will be forgiven by the teacher.
The teacher will forgive him.
10) The fire destroyed the whole forest.
The whole forest was destroyed by the fire.
11) The two ministers are signing the treaty.
The treaty was being sung by the two ministers.
12) Marry generously donated money to the homeless shelter.
Money was generously donated by Marry to the homeless shelter.
13) Susan will bake two dozen cupcakes for the sale.
Two dozen cupcakes will be baked by Susan for the sale.
14) Who ate the last cookie?
By whom was the last cookie eaten?
15) Will your brother pay your fees today?
Will your fees be paid by your brother?
16) The director will give you instructions.
Instructions will be given to you by the director.
17) Who did this?
By whom was this done?
18) Let this post be advertised.
Advertise this post.
19) The kangaroo carried her baby in her pouch.
Her baby was carried by the kangaroo in her pouch.
20) The robber has been caught by the police.
The police caught the robber.
Direct & Indirect (Narration) Speech (Reported Speech)
1.8.1 Sample Exercise: Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1) Geeta said, "I do yoga daily."
Geeta said that She does yoga everyday.
2) She said to me, "What do you want now?"
She asked me what I wanted then.
3) I said to him, "Are you going for the party?"
I asked him if he was going for the party.
4) The monitor said, "Sir, some students were making noise yesterday."
The monitor told/informed sir that some students had been making noise the day before.
5) The servant says, "The master is not at home."
The servant says that the master was not at home.
6) Anju said, "I wrote a letter."
Anju said that she had written a letter.
7) The Prime Minister said, "India became independent in 1947."
The Prime Minister said that India Had become independent in 1947.
8) He said to the policemen, "Please save me."
He asked/requested the policemen to save him.
9) The old man said to her, "Obey your elders."
The old man advised her to obey her elders.
10) The girl said, "Hurrah! I have won a gold medal."
The girl exclaimed that She had won a gold medal.
11) Raju said, "Gautam must go tomorrow".
Raju said that Gautam must go the next day.
12) He said, "I have passed the physical test."
He said that he had passed the physical test.
13) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
She warned boys not to play on the grass.
14) "You should revise your lessons," he said to me.
He advised me that I should revise my lessons.
5) "I shall appreciate it," he said.
He said that he should appreciate it.
16) Emma said "People in Africa are starving."
Emma said that people in Africa were starving.
17) "I brought you this book," she said to him
She told him that she had brought him that book.
18) Param said to me, "He moved a year ago."
Param told me that he had moved a year before.
19) He said to me "I have not done it today."
He told me he had not done it that day.
20) She said to him, "I don't believe you".
She told him that she didn't believe him.
Exercise 4.1 :
Choose the correctly spelt word and write.
a) i. noticable ii. noticeble iii. noticeable ………………………
b) i. begining ii. beginning iii. bigening ………………………
c) i. skillfully ii. skilfully iii. skillfuly ………………………
d) i. childs ii. children iii. childrens ………………………
e) i. happyness ii. happiness iii. happines ………………………
f) i. courageous ii. corageous iii. courageus ………………………
g) i. alltogether ii. altogethar iii. altogether ……………………….
h) i. completly ii. completely iii. completelly ……………………….
i) i. definitely ii. definitly iii. definately ……………………….
j) i. greatful ii. gratefull iii. grateful ……………………….
k) i. unique ii. unic iii. uniqe ……………………….
l) i. leafs ii. leaffs iii. leaves ……………………….
m) i. referred ii. refered iii. reffered ……………………….
n) i. counsellor ii. counselar iii. counselor ……………………….
o) i. ninth ii. nineth iii. nintth ……………………….
p) i. vacancys ii. vacancies iii. vacancyes ……………………….
q) i. angrily ii. angryly iii. angrilly ……………………….
r) i. beginer ii. beginner iii. begginer ……………………….
s) i. keys ii. keyes iii. keies ……………………….
t) i. beautyful ii. beautiful iii. beautifull ……………………….
Exercise 4.2:
The underlined words in the following sentences are used incorrectly.
Replace them with the correct words and rewrite the sentences:
a) The principle of the college was present for the meeting.
b) The rein of Akbar was spectacular in history.
c) A hoard of dacoits looted the village. Herd
d) They had morning in their house at the death of their mother.
e) We salute our army personal.
f) No deserts were served after the dinner.
g) I do not know weather my dad will come or not.
h) The goods train is stationery.
i) Ram is very week.
j) My new home is very specious.
k) The soldiers show a lot of metal during wars.
l) The boss complemented his employees on their success.
Complimented
m) The jasmine flowers are flagrant.
Write sentences using the following collocations:
a) Break the ice:
Jim organized a few party games to break the ice
b) Catch a cold/catch cold:
Put on more clothes so you don't catch cold.
c) Catch sight of :
I catch sight of myself in the mirror.
d) Catch fire:
There is a remote possibility that battery chargers can catch fire.
e) Catch someone's attention:
The movement caught Giddon's attention.
f) Come to the point:
I'm in a hurry, so come to the point
g) Run out of time:
I couldn't reach there as I ran out of time.
h) Have a good time:
They just want to come here and have a good time
i) Keep a diary:
Rahul keeps a diary in English .
j) Get the message:
I got the message from my friend.
k) Get nowhere:
Arguments will get us nowhere.
l) Keep cool:
You should keep your cool in difficult situation.
m) Keep an appointment:
I couldn't keep the appointment.
n) Draw your attention to:
I would like to draw your attention to English .
o) Save time:
We should learn how to save time.
Write sentences using the idioms:
a) In a nutshell:
to be brief and straight to the point.
I just want to know the real matter in a nutshell.
b) At the outset:
at the beginning
I never expected this play to be so successful at the outset.
c) A bosom friend:
One's close or closest friend
We grew up right next door to each other, so wehave been bosom friends
d) In full swing:
Well underway and continuing at a fast pace When we arrived at 10 o'clock, the party was already in full swing.
e) Hit the hay:
To get into bed and go to sleep
I have to get up early for work tomorrow, so I think I'd better hit the hay.
f) In the dark:
knowing nothing about something: /ignorant about something
She's in the dark about how this machine works.
g) True to the salt:
Faithful to their employers
The soldiers were true to their salt
h) For the sake of:
Out of regard or respect for someone or something;
They stayed together for the sake of the family.
i) In a state of:
to become nervous and upset
She gets herself into a real state worrying about her exams.
j) Look forward to:
To excitedly anticipate something.
I'm really looking forward to your visit next week.
k) Look out for:
Be careful of or watchful for something or someone I always look out for deals when I'm shopping.
l) Turn down:
To dismiss, reject, spurn, or refuse someone or something. We turned down Joan,even though her credentials were good.
m) Lay down:
To set or put someone or something down.
I won't lay down my parents.
n) Get your walking papers:
To be dismissed from employment or to be ordered to leave or move on from a place.
"You'd better clean up your act or you're going to get your walking papers."
o) By all means:
Certainly; absolutely.
I will attempt to get there by all means.
grammar vocabulary
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Harshada said…
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Our team includes a number of highly talented design professionals including Joel Perry, a licensed architect; Kelly Van Elders, a licensed landscape architect; and Meg Steen, a landscape designer. We believe it is important that an investment in your outdoor space is based on a strong and cohesive plan. If this foundation is done well, it makes the rest of the process very easy.
This is where ReTouch started. We have been building decks since 1993, and still love the way they can improve a family's home. Whether it is a value-driven pressure treated deck, or a beautiful Ipe or Azek deck, we love how these structures extend the living space and provide another form of relaxation and entertainment.
Hard surfaces provide a great connection to the landscape around it. Whether it is a stamped concrete oval, or a flagstone or paver patio, these spaces can anchor an outdoor environment in a way that no other surface can.
By carrying the lines of the deck or patio above our heads, pergolas can help frame the space. In order to relax, humans need to feel "protected" and "sheltered" even in the outdoors. Pergolas don't keep out the rain, but they provide this sense of shelter, while still preserving a view of the great outdoors.
Still much more affordable than building a full-fledged addition, these rooms can accomplish everything needed. They are spaces that are full of light, and full of potential.
These have become extremely popular in the last few years. As more people are beginning to enjoy the flavor and experience of cooking and eating outdoors, these spaces have evolved into full-fledged rooms without ceilings. As a licensed distributor of Bull Outdoor Products, we are able to provide some of the most incredible components of these kitchens for a very affordable cost.
Fire pits and Hot Tubs are very popular as well. By creating a closer space for people to group, they tend to be the place the evening ends. Whether that is by relaxing in the soothing waters of a spa, or cuddling around a glowing fire, these spots tend to be the centers of the outdoor environment experience.


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Discussion in 'Buyers House' started by Gatsu, Feb 12, 2008.
may also buy this but are not needed badly.
6) I'LL PAY FOR EXTRA SHIPPING FOR A TRACKED AND FAST MAIL SERVICE.
Gatsu, make sure the RH Trainers are CLEAN.
I have seen 6 Premiere Balls so far, and only 2 of then were good rev holos, the other 4 seemed to be missing from a splotch, all the way to 80%+ of their reverse foil treatment!
These revs have some problems sometimes!
11.00 shipped if you're interested?
I have all of these. LMK if you decide to buy the cards even if I do not have all of them.
Do you have any pictures of these? I did not even know there were printing problems.
i only look for the complete need, i'm trying to find people the opens cases and grab my needs, if i can't find them i'll be back to you for singles, thanks!
I've got a box coming this week, so I'll see what I can do for you! Hopefully I'll be able to pull some more of your needs.
I've been opening cases since yesterday; give me 36 hours to assemble things and I'll get back to ya. Thanks.
I have these as RH.
Can you PM me because I am confused now and I think you know why.


text:
Total Joint Replacement: Advances in Surgery & Recovery
08-14-17 - Physical Therapy, Surgery
Dr. John Dundon at The Orthopedic Institute of New Jersey spoke with NJ.com to discuss how lengthy hospital stays after total joint replacement surgery might be a thing of the past. Here is the original article from NJ.com on August 10, 2017. Surgery today, home tonight: How far total joint replacement has come.
Imagine having an artificial hip surgically implanted in your body and then walking out of the hospital later that day. It's hard to fathom. Yet some orthopedic physicians, such as Dr. John Dundon of The Orthopedic Institute of New Jersey, are now offering a same-day total joint replacement for the hip and knee. Dr. Dundon recently spoke with NJ Advance Media about the ever-progressing field of total joint replacement and the many benefits to his patients.
Q: Is it possible to replace a knee or hip and have a patient walk that same day?
A: I know it's hard to believe, but it's not only possible, but it's also beneficial. In the past, patients would stay overnight in a hospital and could remain immobilized for days after a total joint replacement surgery. Recently, there's been somewhat of a philosophy shift and we've seen the many benefits of getting patients mobilized immediately after a procedure. Of course, we use numbing agents so that patients aren't feeling pain and can begin their accelerated recovery process right away. Becoming mobilized quickly after surgery also helps lower the risk of blood clots postoperatively.
Q: What are the main benefits of same-day surgery for patients?
A: Well, cost for one. With many insurance plans, patients are responsible for 20 percent of the cost. Take a full night in the hospital out of the equation and you're looking at a significantly lower bill. Another benefit is that the patient is home and comfortable in their own bed that same night. Not only do patients have more control over their own recovery but they aren't exposed to any infectious agents that could potentially be found in hospitals.
Q: Is everyone eligible for same-day total joint replacement?
A: Unfortunately, not every patient we see is a proper candidate for same-day total joint replacement. When screening candidates, we're looking for patients to be fairly active and independent. Motivation also goes a long way—we love seeing people who are motivated to recover quickly and get back to an active, healthy lifestyle. Another component that is important is the pre-screening process at a physical therapy clinic that is up-to-date on same-day surgical procedures. We send our patients who we think may be good candidates for same-day surgeries to Ivy Rehab Physical Therapy where they go through a series of tests and screenings.
Q: What tests can patients expect during pre-operative physical therapy?
A: The physical therapists at Ivy Rehab will conduct balance screenings, functional tests and even evaluate the patient's home environment to ensure their recovery will be ideal. They'll also perform some strength testing and gait training to make sure there are no issues that could complicate the recovery process after the procedure. Last, but not least, the physical therapist will train each patient to walk with a walker and crutches so that they're properly acclimated post-surgery and are less likely to suffer from a slip or fall, causing a setback in their recovery process.
Q: Are there reasons someone may not be eligible for a same-day total joint replacement?
A: Well, factors such as a patient's age and previous complications will play a role in determining whether they're a proper candidate. But the best way to find out is to come in for a consultation.
Q: When should patients consider a total joint replacement?
A: It's all about the quality of life. If pain, stiffness or tenderness in the knee or hip is affecting daily life, it's important to come in for a consultation. Our physicians are always happy to meet new patients and help evaluate whether surgery could improve their quality of life.
To learn more about The Orthopedic Institute of New Jersey, visit orthopedicnj.com.
To learn more about Ivy Rehab, visit ivyrehab.com.
http://www.nj.com/healthtalk/index.ssf/2017/08/surgery_today_home_tonight_how.html
Preparing for a Total Joint Replacement Surgery
How to Manage Arthritis Pain
Osteoarthritis is a common condition involving the chronic degeneration of the cartilage that covers the ends of a bone. The degeneration of cartilage then produces ongoing micro-damage within joint spaces as the bones rub against each other, reducing the...
Top 5 Effective Exercises for the Aging Adult
Maintaining an active lifestyle is essential to remaining independent throughout life. Regular physical activity provides health benefits, including the strength, flexibility, and balance required to keep up with your daily routine while preventing injury. Studies also show that exercise...
Find a location that offers Total Joint Replacement near you
All locations that offers Total Joint Replacement
Ardmore – West
Relevant Conditions & Treatments


text:
The National Security Agency of El Salvador (, abbreviated as ANSESAL) was the national intelligence agency of El Salvador during the military regime and the civil war. The organization was known for using paramilitaries and death squads to carry out its activities.

History

The National Security Agency of El Salvador was established by President Julio Adalberto Rivera in 1965 and was originally named the National Intelligence Service (SNI). Its original purpose was to oversee the operations of the National Democratic Organization, a group of paramilitaries and death squads used to combat political and militant opposition to the government. The organization maintained detailed files of information of thousands of Salvadorans, with some of the files being created by the United States' CIA The organization was headed by General José Alberto Medrano and later Colonel Roberto Eulaio Santivanez. It was dissolved in 1992 with the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords.

See also

ORDEN (National Democratic Organization)

References

Salvadoran Civil War

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Altenia is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

Species
Altenia elsneriella Huemer & Karsholt, 1999
Altenia inscriptella (Christoph, 1882)
Altenia mersinella (Staudinger, 1879)
Altenia modesta (Danilevsky, 1955)
Altenia perspersella (Wocke, 1862)
Altenia scriptella (Hubner, 1796)
Altenia wagneriella (Rebel, 1926)

References

Litini
Moth genera


When you prefer to use our skip hire West Bromwich service , you will find that we offer quick delivery of your chosen skip and the finest doable prices on the market. We provide a free pick up service to all customers within the West Bromwich area and can even assist you with obtaining an on road permit for any, skip, at an additional cost.
We have an ample range of skips for rent in West Bromwich. Whatever your skip hire needs are – we can help!
When you decide to hire a skip in West Bromwich, we have 6 standard sizes of skip at your disposal.
• Builders skip. This is a common addition to building sites. Builders skips are available in 6-yard or 8-yard capacity (about 65 to 85 black black bin bags) and can carry a huge amount of building waste. This type of skip is especially useful for home improvement projects, where multiple jobs such as kitchen and bathroom renovations will be taking place at the same time.
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Depending on which skip hire company you choose, they might save you the trouble and obtain a license before putting the container on the road. If perhaps this happens, make sure to still check that the hire company has a current permit in order to avoid fines. Most permits are only valid for around a fortnight but you should still examine the the validity with your hire company.
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AT&T may lose its exclusive rights to the iPhone on Jan. 27, according to one a published report. Whether it happens this week or later this year, though, AT&T will have five new Android phones, including Dell's Mini 3, to fall back on.
According to Hot Hardware, which cites an "inside source," the latter is seeming likely — though news of which additional carrier or carriers will gain access to the iPhone is still unknown.
Verizon Wireless has been rumored for some time to be on line for an iPhone — a scenario that analyst have called a positive one for Apple — while others have said that Verizon may also be first in line for the Apple tablet.
The end of the exclusivity contract could potentially also lighten the criticisms lobbed at AT&T, which has seemed to struggle to meet the data-devouring needs of its iPhone customers. It's been said that the Apple, and not AT&T's network, is actually to blame for some iPhone service issues, though AT&T has stoically kept mum about this.
Apple has to be concerned about customer dissatisfaction due to problems with the AT&T 3G network, which appears to be unable to handle the heavy data traffic generated by millions of bandwidth-hungry iPhones. AT&T's iPhone troubles have given rise to articles in tech news reports on a near-daily basis, and those stories have begun to make it to the front pages of newspapers and the larger news websites.
Apple, which prides itself on its customer satisfaction, may simply believe that it cannot rely on AT&T as its sole U.S. carrier any longer.


TrackIt is a nice and simple online GPS monitoring system featuring basic device tracking functionality and collecting all telemetry data provided by the corresponding protocols.
You can also think of TrackIt as of an add-on to the flespi panel for visualization of connected devices on the map and convenient telemetry data representation. Therefore, you need to have devices set up in the flespi panel to see them in TrackIt.
Our primary intention with TrackIt was to show how straightforward and time-efficient creating a flespi-powered GPS monitoring software can be. It took just a few days of development to release the first stable version of TrackIt. The project relies on the Quasar framework and will evolve to reflect new features and advancements in the flespi platform.
Another reason behind TrackIt is to offer the foundation for building custom tracking solutions to respond to specific business needs. Developers in telematics service provider's team can easily pick it up where we left off and stuff it with the features they need. We just give a quick, flexible, and scalable core while leaving the freedom to expand in any direction that benefits you.
The source code for TrackIt project is available on GitHub.
Let's get the taste of what TrackIt looks like and how to start using it.
a track player to see how the device was moving.
Explore TrackIt in more detail by yourself — get some devices in the flespi panel, and start to TrackIt. It's all free.


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Considered by many the best overall steroid for a man to use (side effects vs. results) Nandro (Nandrolone Propionate) is most commonly injected four to five times per week. With this amount, estrogen conversion is slight so gyno is no problem. Also uncommon are problems with liver enzymes, blood pressure or cholesterol levels. At higher dosages, side effects may become increasingly more frequent, but this is still a very well tolerated drug. It should also be noted that in HIV studies, nandrolone has been shown not only to be effective at safely bringing up the lean bodyweight of patient but also to be beneficial to the immune system.


text:
Q: How to resolve the Arithmetic overflow warning messages when comparing the size using C++ I am compiling the below sample code but getting some warning messages. How to resolve these warning messages?
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdint>

int main()
{
  struct stRecord
  {
    uint8_t SType;
    uint8_t TypeNo;
    uint8_t Length[2];
    uint8_t Address[8];
  };
  uint8_t payload_size = 37;
  size_t fw_remaining_size = 80;

  if ((payload_size + 1U) * 2 > fw_remaining_size - sizeof(stRecord))
  {
  }
  return 0;
}

if ((payload_size + 1U) * 2 > fw_remaining_size - sizeof(stRecord))
At the above line, getting below warning messages:
C26451: Arithmetic overflow: Using operator '*' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value.
Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator '*' to avoid overflow (io.2).

C26451: Arithmetic overflow: Using operator '+' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value.
Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator '+' to avoid overflow (io.2).

I am trying to avoid the (static_cast<size_t>(payload_size)