text:
3 Awesome Stories About How Barney Frank Came Out To Other Congressmen
Linette Lopez
Dec. 7, 2012, 2:33 PM
Since the financial crisis, the most talked about aspect of Congressman Barney Frank's (D-MA) career has been his consistent role on the House Banking Committee. There, he's known for being smart, tough, and colorful.
However the soon-to-be-retired 32 year Washington vet is also known for being the first openly gay Congressman in the United States. He was first elected to his seat in 1982, and he officially came out to America in 1987.
The Washington Post has an awesome article on what that journey was like, and the best parts are the anecdotes about how Frank came out to his peers in Congress.
And the most interesting thing about each anecdote is how non-chalant Frank seemed about it every time.
From the Washington Post:
Once, in a casual conversation, the late Rep. Mike Synar (D-Okla.) asked Frank whether he had a girlfriend.
"No," Frank replied.
"Are you gay?" Synar asked.
"Well, yeah," Frank said.
There was no further discussion.
Then there was the time Frank was in Egypt over New Years Eve with then-single Congressman Thomas Carper (D-DE) in 1982. Carper had enlisted two women to be he and Frank's dates at a NYE party and noticed that when the clock struck midnight, Frank didn't kiss his date.
Carper asked Barney about it, and Barney said he would've rather been with the woman's brother.
"I was pretty nonchalant about it," Carper said. "And Barney told me later that it was one of the conversations that gave him the courage for him to tell others. It was a funny moment, but it was an important moment for him, and maybe for the rest of us."
The last story is about the day Frank officially came out. Former Congressman Robert Bauman (R-Md.) was about to publish a book saying that Frank was gay, so Frank told then-House Speaker Tip O'Neill (D-MA). O'Neil was disappointed, he said that he'd hoped that Frank would be the first Jewish speaker one day.
And then, of course, they had to go about alerting the media.
O'Neill then alerted his press secretary — future talk show host Chris Matthews — that Frank soon "may be coming out of the room." Aides had to explain that the metaphor was that Frank was coming out of the closet.
In next year's Congress, there will be seven openly gay or bisexual members. No doubt Frank can take some credit for that.
More: Barney Frank Chris Matthews Gay Gay Rights


text:
Insert 'truck' metaphor here: Why run Stobart defence lawyers off the road?
Dr Tom Smith of Plymouth University reflects on developments within the criminal defence fraternity
As the Law Gazette and Legal Futures have reported, trucking giant and legal beginner Eddie Stobart have announced their intention to bid for criminal legal aid contracts, should the Government be successful in its quest to introduce price-competitive tendering. Implied in the Stobart announcement was the necessity of killing off the 'wounded animals' currently undertaking legally aided criminal defence; a telling phrase from a would-be market predator.
The defence community are understandably furious but unsurprised – this has long been predicted, and the entry of corporates like Stobart, Tesco, G4S, and the Co-op is thought to be a major driver behind both PCT and QASA. It is interesting to note that Stobart have not waited until the end of the 'Transforming Legal Aid' consultation to show their hand. It is suggestive that they, like the Government, see the whole process as a 'done deal'.
In contrast, the defence community appear to have strengthened their resolve, with much of the rhetoric filling blogs and social media condemning a future of Eddie Stobart legal aid lawyers. The announcement appears to have added a little more fuel to the anti-PCT and QASA fires.
From an outside perspective, the most important question is what are the pros and cons of a world in which truckers secure your bail or advise on your plea?
The company launched Stobart Barristers last year and now claims to 'have' approximately 1000 barristers on its 'panel' to deliver legal services. It should be noted that Stobart do not 'employ' these lawyers – they are direct access barristers to whom the company can refer clients. Other companies provide similar referral services. Members of the public could in theory access these services without Stobart, should they wish to. It is not entirely clear what the Stobart 'panel' is exactly; there is no available detail about which direct access barristers are 'on' the panel, or whether this would limit their ability to provide services elsewhere. Legal Director Trevor Howarth claims that the current system of legally aided criminal defence is 'unsustainable' and that Stobart Barristers was created with the current proposals in mind.
1000 direct access barristers is not an insignificant number. Although Stobart do not 'own' these barristers, the money and resources that they can apply to funnelling clients to them does suggest that (should the barristers happily acquiesce) the company could 'deliver' criminal defence services on an enormous scale, in multiple regions. In contrast, the current fragmented market of hundreds of firms and chambers delivering defence services sees greater overheads, more debt and replication of the same or similar working practices which could arguably be merged.
Howarth argues that many existing firms would struggle to merge and cope with a 'legacy of debt' in the new market environment. Certainly, within the Government's aggressive timescale, the fact that many would have to increase profits by around 300% suggests that the proposals are not an exercise in 'toughening up' – they are a cull. The argument is therefore that the market must shed the dead wood.
Stobart, and other corporate candidates yet to reveal their supposed plans, would argue that they will provide better access to justice – a branch in your local shopping centre; cheap, fixed rates; flexibility and control in deciding when to take up services and at which stage; and, of course, a brand you can 'trust'.
The power of branding pervades all markets, even criminal defence – but at present, in a very different way. As many defence lawyers will argue, their 'brand' has been built on reputation, goodwill and quality service rather than a name and extensive marketing. Stobart is simply a known name – and with that comes the assumption of trustworthiness.
Furthermore, Stobart (and the Government) would argue that the 'wounded animals' of the current defence community are simply self-interested – unwilling to be quality accredited or to let go of a funding model that is not sustainable in a time of austerity and which shuts out competition.
So what are the contrasting arguments? The defence community essentially argues that providers like Stobart are interested in the bottom line: maximisation of profit. As such, speed and volume will be paramount, both in the recruitment of defence lawyers and the delivery services.
Tied to this is QASA, which is designed to provide a basic level of accreditation – a level the defence community argues provides no guarantee of quality. With a badge of adequate skill, Stobart can recruit lawyers of questionable ability, paid at low rates, with limited resources and even less time for investigating/preparing cases for clients.
Most controversial of all, it is argued that for a business to remain profitable (the key goal) – in a market where low fixed rates will be further undercut to secure work – volume and speed must be king. As such, Stobart lawyers will have substantial pressure to encourage speedy resolution – in effect, the more guilty pleas secured, the more money the firm makes.
The pressure on the lawyer will inevitably taint the advice and service provided to the suspect or defendant – they will in turn not be provided with the full and zealous defence they deserve, prosecutions will go unchecked and miscarriages of justice will result. Appeal rates will go up, and the cost will be borne by the public.
The defence community also argue that corporates like Stobart, with their massive financial advantage and suitable infrastructure, will monopolise the new market, restricted to certain numbers of provider per region. As such, competition will be drastically reduced and the incentive to provide quality services will disappear.
The defence community argue that they do not fear competition – the fact that the current market has so many providers tends to support this. They fear that the new playing field won't be level, that the big corporates have all the advantages and that the defence community as it is – with its wealth of experience, expertise and professionalism – will be destroyed forever, replaced with the cheap and barely adequate.
The general tone of the argument really boils down to one of quality versus quantity – the defence community argues that it believes in quality while the corporate providers (with the Government's backing) believe in quantity. The corporate providers would likely argue that they believe in sustainability, accessibility and a free market, whilst the defence community believe in saving their own skins.
Whether these summaries are accurate might well be disputed by both sides – which will win out remains to be seen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/*************************************************************************/
/*  editor_http_server.h                                                 */
/*************************************************************************/
/*                       This file is part of:                           */
/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
/*************************************************************************/
/* Copyright (c) 2007-2022 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
/* Copyright (c) 2014-2022 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
/*                                                                       */
/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
/* the following conditions:                                             */
/*                                                                       */
/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
/*                                                                       */
/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
/*************************************************************************/

#ifndef WEB_EDITOR_HTTP_SERVER_H
#define WEB_EDITOR_HTTP_SERVER_H

#include "core/io/image_loader.h"
#include "core/io/stream_peer_ssl.h"
#include "core/io/tcp_server.h"
#include "core/io/zip_io.h"
#include "editor/editor_paths.h"

class EditorHTTPServer : public RefCounted {
private:
	Ref<TCPServer> server;
	HashMap<String, String> mimes;
	Ref<StreamPeerTCP> tcp;
	Ref<StreamPeerSSL> ssl;
	Ref<StreamPeer> peer;
	Ref<CryptoKey> key;
	Ref<X509Certificate> cert;
	bool use_ssl = false;
	uint64_t time = 0;
	uint8_t req_buf[4096];
	int req_pos = 0;

	void _clear_client() {
		peer = Ref<StreamPeer>();
		ssl = Ref<StreamPeerSSL>();
		tcp = Ref<StreamPeerTCP>();
		memset(req_buf, 0, sizeof(req_buf));
		time = 0;
		req_pos = 0;
	}

	void _set_internal_certs(Ref<Crypto> p_crypto) {
		const String cache_path = EditorPaths::get_singleton()->get_cache_dir();
		const String key_path = cache_path.plus_file("html5_server.key");
		const String crt_path = cache_path.plus_file("html5_server.crt");
		bool regen = !FileAccess::exists(key_path) || !FileAccess::exists(crt_path);
		if (!regen) {
			key = Ref<CryptoKey>(CryptoKey::create());
			cert = Ref<X509Certificate>(X509Certificate::create());
			if (key->load(key_path) != OK || cert->load(crt_path) != OK) {
				regen = true;
			}
		}
		if (regen) {
			key = p_crypto->generate_rsa(2048);
			key->save(key_path);
			cert = p_crypto->generate_self_signed_certificate(key, "CN=godot-debug.local,O=A Game Dev,C=XXA", "20140101000000", "20340101000000");
			cert->save(crt_path);
		}
	}

public:
	EditorHTTPServer() {
		mimes["html"] = "text/html";
		mimes["js"] = "application/javascript";
		mimes["json"] = "application/json";
		mimes["pck"] = "application/octet-stream";
		mimes["png"] = "image/png";
		mimes["svg"] = "image/svg";
		mimes["wasm"] = "application/wasm";
		server.instantiate();
		stop();
	}

	void stop() {
		server->stop();
		_clear_client();
	}

	Error listen(int p_port, IPAddress p_address, bool p_use_ssl, String p_ssl_key, String p_ssl_cert) {
		use_ssl = p_use_ssl;
		if (use_ssl) {
			Ref<Crypto> crypto = Crypto::create();
			if (crypto.is_null()) {
				return ERR_UNAVAILABLE;
			}
			if (!p_ssl_key.is_empty() && !p_ssl_cert.is_empty()) {
				key = Ref<CryptoKey>(CryptoKey::create());
				Error err = key->load(p_ssl_key);
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);
				cert = Ref<X509Certificate>(X509Certificate::create());
				err = cert->load(p_ssl_cert);
				ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);
			} else {
				_set_internal_certs(crypto);
			}
		}
		return server->listen(p_port, p_address);
	}

	bool is_listening() const {
		return server->is_listening();
	}

	void _send_response() {
		Vector<String> psa = String((char *)req_buf).split("\r\n");
		int len = psa.size();
		ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(len < 4, "Not enough response headers, got: " + itos(len) + ", expected >= 4.");

		Vector<String> req = psa[0].split(" ", false);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(req.size() < 2, "Invalid protocol or status code.");

		// Wrong protocol
		ERR_FAIL_COND_MSG(req[0] != "GET" || req[2] != "HTTP/1.1", "Invalid method or HTTP version.");

		const int query_index = req[1].find_char('?');
		const String path = (query_index == -1) ? req[1] : req[1].substr(0, query_index);

		const String req_file = path.get_file();
		const String req_ext = path.get_extension();
		const String cache_path = EditorPaths::get_singleton()->get_cache_dir().plus_file("web");
		const String filepath = cache_path.plus_file(req_file);

		if (!mimes.has(req_ext) || !FileAccess::exists(filepath)) {
			String s = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n";
			s += "Connection: Close\r\n";
			s += "\r\n";
			CharString cs = s.utf8();
			peer->put_data((const uint8_t *)cs.get_data(), cs.size() - 1);
			return;
		}
		const String ctype = mimes[req_ext];

		Ref<FileAccess> f = FileAccess::open(filepath, FileAccess::READ);
		ERR_FAIL_COND(f.is_null());
		String s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
		s += "Connection: Close\r\n";
		s += "Content-Type: " + ctype + "\r\n";
		s += "Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\n";
		s += "Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin\r\n";
		s += "Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp\r\n";
		s += "Cache-Control: no-store, max-age=0\r\n";
		s += "\r\n";
		CharString cs = s.utf8();
		Error err = peer->put_data((const uint8_t *)cs.get_data(), cs.size() - 1);
		if (err != OK) {
			ERR_FAIL();
		}

		while (true) {
			uint8_t bytes[4096];
			uint64_t read = f->get_buffer(bytes, 4096);
			if (read == 0) {
				break;
			}
			err = peer->put_data(bytes, read);
			if (err != OK) {
				ERR_FAIL();
			}
		}
	}

	void poll() {
		if (!server->is_listening()) {
			return;
		}
		if (tcp.is_null()) {
			if (!server->is_connection_available()) {
				return;
			}
			tcp = server->take_connection();
			peer = tcp;
			time = OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec();
		}
		if (OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() - time > 1000000) {
			_clear_client();
			return;
		}
		if (tcp->get_status() != StreamPeerTCP::STATUS_CONNECTED) {
			return;
		}

		if (use_ssl) {
			if (ssl.is_null()) {
				ssl = Ref<StreamPeerSSL>(StreamPeerSSL::create());
				peer = ssl;
				ssl->set_blocking_handshake_enabled(false);
				if (ssl->accept_stream(tcp, key, cert) != OK) {
					_clear_client();
					return;
				}
			}
			ssl->poll();
			if (ssl->get_status() == StreamPeerSSL::STATUS_HANDSHAKING) {
				// Still handshaking, keep waiting.
				return;
			}
			if (ssl->get_status() != StreamPeerSSL::STATUS_CONNECTED) {
				_clear_client();
				return;
			}
		}

		while (true) {
			char *r = (char *)req_buf;
			int l = req_pos - 1;
			if (l > 3 && r[l] == '\n' && r[l - 1] == '\r' && r[l - 2] == '\n' && r[l - 3] == '\r') {
				_send_response();
				_clear_client();
				return;
			}

			int read = 0;
			ERR_FAIL_COND(req_pos >= 4096);
			Error err = peer->get_partial_data(&req_buf[req_pos], 1, read);
			if (err != OK) {
				// Got an error
				_clear_client();
				return;
			} else if (read != 1) {
				// Busy, wait next poll
				return;
			}
			req_pos += read;
		}
	}
};

#endif // WEB_EDITOR_HTTP_SERVER_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bukololo Island is a volcanic outcropping of the South Pacific Rim. Located nearly 400 miles south of Pitcairn Islands, at approximately 33° South by 125° West. Bukololo Island is approximately 60 square miles, with a maximum elevation of 124 feet as of May, 19, 2017. At the time of its initial discovery it is believed that the elevation was 72 feet, however a very active volcanic magma zone has elevated the small island since. It is also estimated that the island has doubled its above ocean surface space since December 4, 2016.
Bukololo has a vegetation coverage of roughly 80%, which includes a grass species that is tall and sharp edged. There is also a hibiscus tree which is very distinct from other known species. The Bukololo hibiscus has a dark blue flower, with an 18 inch diameter, throughout the island the trees all measure above 20 feet in height, giving the island a thick high canopy. Unconfirmed reports are detailing that Bukololo Island may also contain a new species of coconut palm. This coconut palm has produces a coconut fruit that has a purplish exocarp, mesocarp, and fibers. The endocarp, or interior of the coconut, is said to also be purplish with a purplish to blue colored coco juice. The University of Hawaii at Manoa whose archeology department sent the first expedition to Bukololo Island has yet to officially publish their findings.
The island was first discovered by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather satellite that was in a low orbit passing the southern hemisphere on February 14, 2013. This governmental agency of the United States and its meteorologist were not initially aware of the satellites discovery until the oceanic temperature data analysis found inconsistencies with temperature patterns exactly at the location of the island. Initial assumptions were dismissed by the NOAA as possible shallow coral formations, or sea garbage. On March 3, 2016 a second satellite was dispatched over the southern hemisphere, which confirmed the presence of an oceanic crust protrusion and the presence of substantial vegetation.
The initial discovery was not made public by the NOAA or other American federal agencies, in part because the Clinton administration wanted to make territorial claim to the island, and preserve the purity of its tiny ecosystem.
On December 1, 2016, a team of six archeologist led by Professor Kali Franco from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, made landfall at the small island for a 7-day observation and data collection expedition. In an effort to preserve the islands pristine ecosystem, photographic evidence, soil samples, rock and lava samples were taken. Professor Franco, who offered the Hawaiian word for "lost tribe", Bukololo, is now being considered the official name of the island.
The University of Hawaii has yet to publish photographs, but reports have began to surface of the discovery of a few new species of butterflies, coconut trees, and hibiscus plants.
At the October 9, 2018 convening of the United Nations, the United States petitioned the full council for recognition of territorial claim to the Bukololo Island, and have submitted claims that the island has never been inhabited by humans.


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text:
November 24, 2010 Special Dispatch No. 3399
Former Iraqi MP Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din in a TV Debate about Separation of Religion and State: The Combination of the Koran and the Sword Is More Dangerous than Nuclear Technology
Following are excerpts from an Al-Arabiya TV debate on religion and the state in the Arab world, which aired on November 4 and 18, 2010.
To view this clip on MEMRI TV, visit http://www.memri.org/legacy/clip/0/0/0/0/0/0/2689.
To view the page for Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din on MEMRI TV, visit http://www.memri.org/subject/en/821.htm
Dr. Turki Al-Hamad: "Modern Goals Can Only be Achieved through the Modern State with Modern Values – and this Does Not Occur in a Religious State"
Saudi author Dr. Turki Al-Hamad: "If we want to join the modern world and adapt ourselves to this era, I believe that we must sever the religious establishment from the state. The religious establishment should become part of the state, but should not have hegemony over it. Otherwise, the sovereignty of the state is lost.
"Hence, the modern goals can only be achieved through the modern state with modern values – and this does not occur in a religious state." [...]
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays, Mufti of the Beqa'a Valley in Lebanon: "Who were the Arabs before the advent of Islam, and who are the Arabs following the advent of Islam? The answer is known to all."
Mediator: "You mean to say that it was Islam that gave the Arabs their identity."
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "Of course. They opened up to the world through Islam."
Mediator: "And if not for Islam..."
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "They would not have left the Arabian Peninsula."
Mediator: "Let us be clearer. You see no justification for the separation of religion and state."
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "How can that be?"
Mediator: "You do not believe in such a separation?"
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "The Prophet Muhammad established a religious state, did he not?" [...]
Dr. Abd Al-Mun'im Abu Al-Futuh, Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt: "There can be no separation of religion and state. This holds true for the entire history of the human race – whether it is the religion of Islam, of Christianity, or of Judaism."
Mediator: "But in the West, they did separate religion and state..."
Dr. Abd Al-Mun'im Abu Al-Futuh: "The Queen of England is the head of the Church. Nothing is absolute. Everything is relative. The strange thing is that at a time when the Arab secularists – of course, I am talking about the extremists among them – are calling for the separation of religion and state, that Zionist lowlife, Benjamin Netanyahu, is demanding that Israel be a Jewish state.
"What we suffer from is the state's control over religion, not vice versa. Europe of the Middle Ages suffered from the control of religion over the people, but in our modern era, the state controls the religion." [...]
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "The State Should Provide Water and Electricity to Mosques, to Churches, and to Nightclubs"
Former Iraqi MP Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "It is necessary, from both the religious and the human perspectives, to separate religion and state. There should be a buffer between the state and the religion, in order to protect religion from turning into a tool in the hands of politicians, as a result of the pressure exerted by the religious ideological system. [...]
"Religion belongs to the human being. The state cannot have a religion. The state is a legal institution that has no color, no flavor, and no smell. It should be a neutral institution that provides services to all. The state should provide water and electricity to mosques, to churches, and to nightclubs." [...]
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "Who rules us, the Arabs or the Muslims, as individuals? Allah does. Is it conceivable that Allah rules the individuals, but not society as a whole?" [...]
Dr. Turki Al-Hamad: "We should avoid making generalizations. When we say that Allah rules individuals as well as countries, that is a general statement. But the question is: Does Allah talk to us directly? There are people who write interpretations. They are human beings, and their own interests and notions make them paint religion in a certain hue. When we talk about 'religion,' we are necessarily referring to a specific denomination or interpretation. It is those who write these interpretations who impose their will, not Allah." [...]
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "The rule of the Prophet Muhammad in Al-Madina produced, among other things, a phenomenon unknown to the Arabs in pre-Islamic times: hypocrisy. Hypocrisy was completely unknown to the Arabs of pre-Islamic times. They were as free as a falcon, and even more.
"The Prophet Muhammad lived in Mecca 13 years, as a herald and a warner. He had no police force, no army, and no money. In Al-Madina, he lived for 10 years, as a herald and a warner, but he also had military power, and [political] authority.
"The hypocrites emerged in Al-Madina, and there is an entire surah in the Koran titled 'The Hypocrites.' Many verses concerning hypocrisy were revealed in Al-Madina. There had not been a single hypocrite in Mecca. People were either Muslims or polytheists. That's it."
Mediator: "What are you getting at?"
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "The first negative phenomenon of the ideological state – even under the rule of the Prophet Muhammad himself – is that it produces people with a split personality. Hypocrisy is a reaction not to religion but to the ideological state – even if this ideological state is ruled by the Prophet Muhammad himself, not to mention when it is ruled by others. [...]
"The goal of religion is to form a human being. When the rulers wanted to strengthen their grip on the people, they began to intimidate them with religion and the Hereafter, in order to tame these Muslims. My claim is that there should be a civil rule. All the prophets, not only the Prophet Muhammad, were sent in order to form human beings, not to construct buildings." [...]
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "The confusion about secularism has been exported to our society by the Church. Islam is secularism, and secularism is Islam. We have no hierarchy of clergy. There is no rule of clerics in Islam. What we have is the rule of the Koran and the Sunna, rather than people ruling according to their own will. This concept that was imported to us is peculiar. [...]
"The hypocrites appeared in Al-Madina because there were Jews living there. In Mecca, there were only Arabs, and so there was no hypocrisy there. The presence of the Jewish element in Al-Madina caused hypocrisy, even in the days of the Prophet Muhammad.
"As we can see today, the same Jewish element causes the greatest hypocrisy in politics worldwide. [...]
"You are I are ruled by Allah. I do not rule you, and you do not rule me. I am ruled by the Koran and the Sunna. I am ruled by the shari'a. I am not a ruler, I only implement the rule." [...]
Dr. Abd Al-Mun'im Abu Al-Futuh: "With all due respect to the sheik, I am sure he did not mean to say that we are ruled by Allah. No, the state is ruled by the majority of the people. The majority of the people determines the government system. Some people think that when we talk about an Islamic state, we mean that Islam, with all its values, principles, and rules, will be imposed upon the people, whether they like it or not.
"This is a grave mistake. This is bound to produce an army of hypocrites, because, as I once said in the American University in Cairo, we would simply be replacing the Socialist Abu Za'bal [prison] with an Islamic Abu Za'bal. [...]
"It is forbidden to rule any people – Muslim or non-Muslim – according to any law, constitution, or shari'a, unless this is in keeping with the will of the people. If the majority of the people refuse to be ruled by Islam, this is their right, and it is forbidden to impose Islam upon them." [...]
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "Sheik [Al-Mays] said that it is God that rules. My question is: Which God? The God of the Muslims? The God of the Christians? The God of the Jews? There is more than one [notion] of God. [...]
"Everybody says that they want to instate the law of Allah. Let us be specific: Are we talking about instating the shari'a, or not? I do not support the instating of the shari'a. The shari'a constitutes a personal commitment. Whether you are a Sunni Muslim, a Shi'ite Muslim, a Christian, or a Jew – that is your own business. As for the state, it should be a neutral institution, which implements the civil law – a man-made law, not one conveyed by Allah. [...]
"Sheik [Al-Mays] said that the hypocrites are the Jews. Absolutely not. Not a single one of the [Al-Madina] hypocrites was a Jew. They were all Arabs. In pre-Islamic times, the Arab was the 'Servant-of-Me.' In Mecca, the Arab was the 'Servant-of-Him' – the servant of Allah. And in Al-Madina, the Arab became the 'Servant-of-the-State.'" [...]
Dr. Turki Al-Hamad: "In my view, when religion becomes a state, or becomes politicized, it does not serve the interest of national unity or civil stability. In the modern state, the identity of its people is based on civic identity, which in turn, requires equality – between Muslims and Christians, blacks and whites, or men and women. But in a religious state, there is perforce discrimination, because religion discriminates between men and women, between free men and slaves, and so on. So the very basis of civic identity – equality – is nullified."
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "Under the Rule of Islam, There is No Equality among People"
Mediator: "Does proper civic identity exist in Arab countries?"
Dr. Turki Al-Hamad: "No. Everybody talks about equality in the eyes of the law, but the truth is that some groups are marginalized, while others are privileged." [...]
Sheik Khalil Al-Mays: "Did the Arabs, from the days of the Prophet until the fall of the Ottoman Sultanate, have any regime that was not religious – regardless of whether the ruler in question was just or not? There was the religion, and there were believers of other religions, and Islam did not exclude people of other religions. On the contrary, the shari'a gave them latitude... They have their own religious law, their beliefs, and so on. Thus, according to our jurisprudence, civic identity exists. Who says that Islam wishes to exclude others? Islam strives to guide others. Whether they accept it or not – that is their business." [...]
Dr. Abd Al-Mun'im Abu Al-Futuh: "The Western peoples, who respect human rights, maintain equality, and hold free elections – not forged elections, like in the Arab world... If you say that these values of the modern state run counter to Islam, it's not true. On the contrary, they were invented by Islam. The first covenant of citizenship was drawn up by the Prophet Muhammad in Al-Madina." [...]
Mediator: "Why doesn't this work with us [Arabs]? Because we do not implement it?"
Dr. Abd Al-Mun'im Abu Al-Futuh: "No, that's not the only reason. There are groups that purport to be Islamic, but they convey a mistaken notion of Islam to the nation's youth. If you teach the nation's youth that a woman is forbidden to drive – what does this have to do with Islam? When in the Gulf states, they claim that women are forbidden to vote, does this have anything to do with Islam?" [...]
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "First of all, the notion of civic identity is a completely Western notion. It has absolutely nothing to do with Islam. Even the Prophet's hadith, 'The love of the homeland is part of faith,' has nothing to do with the modern notion of civic identity, which is based on equality in the eyes of the law. Under the rule of Islam, there is no equality among people. Absolutely not. A Muslim is not like a dhimmi. The term dhimmi embodies a great deal of scorn and contempt. It is as if the Christian is saying: I am under your protection, under your thumb. This is what it means..."
Mediator (to Dr. Abd Al-Mun'im Abu Al-Futuh): "He didn't interrupt you..."
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "The notion of civic identity is based on equality in duties and rights, but under the rule of Islam, Muslims and non-Muslims are not equal – neither in their duties, nor in their rights. [...]
"The late regime of the Taliban in Afghanistan was a pure Sunni Islamic rule. A clear Shi'ite regime is that of the Jurisprudent Ruler, who claims to be substituting the Prophet Muhammad, and... He is Allah upon the Earth, more or less.
"Whoever wants the rule of the shari'a should turn to the Taliban government or to the Ayatollah's government in Iran. Or else he should select the Western, Crusader, infidel regime, which created New Zealand and Canada, for instance, as well as human rights and the notion of liberties. These human rights do not exist in Islam." [...]
Sayyed Ayad Jamal Al-Din: A Union of Secularism and Sufism Represents the Only Hope for the Future
Audience member: "I am a Christian, and I was exiled from Iraq. There are thousands of Christian refugees here, in Lebanon. I would like to ask Sayyed Ayad whether it was Islam or politics that exiled us from Iraq." […]
Ayad Jamal Al-Din: "The combination of the Koran and the sword is dangerous. It is more dangerous than nuclear technology. Today, people are being exiled on religious and sectarian grounds. The Christians were exiled from Iraq, and so were the Sabians. The peaceful Yazidis of Iraq were attacked. There are hardly any Sabians left in Iraq, although they are a peaceful sect.
"The sectarian deportation is all done in the name of Allah. We were plagued with an emir who would slaughter the people while praising Allah. Now they are slaughtering in the name of Allah, deporting people in the name of Allah, and burning down their homes in the name of Allah.
"This is not something new. It happened in the past as well. One emir of the Muslims came from Tunisia, which was called Africa, and he sold one million boys into slavery in Damascus, the capital of the Umayyads. In addition, 300,000 girls, aged 5-6, were sold as slave-girls. 1.3 million children were snatched from their mothers and fathers, and were sold as slaves. Is this what the Prophet Muhammad was sent for?! Was he sent to enslave people, and to sell them as slaves in the markets of Damascus, Cairo, and Baghdad? [...]
"The union of the secularism of Ataturk and the Sufism of Jalal Al-Din Rumi is the only hope for the survival of the Muslims as a nation, for the survival of Islam as a religion, and for the survival of the human within the Muslim." [...]


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A bioszervetlen kémia az egyes elemek és szervetlen vegyületek biológiai funkcióival, élettani hatásaival, biocid és toxikológiai sajátosságaival foglalkozó tudomány. A biológia és kémia határterülete.

A bioszervetlen kémiai ismeretek alaptudományos jelentőségükön túl a humán táplálkozástudományokban, az állatorvostudományokban, a mezőgazdasági takarmányozástanban, a növényvédelmi és trágyázási szakterületeken, valamint a környezetvédelemben jelentősek.

A bioszervetlen kémia elvileg a biokémia részét képezi, de tudománytörténeti kialakulásuk miatt ma még elkülönülnek egymástól. A biokémiai monográfiák, szak- és tankönyvek gyakran egyáltalán nem tartalmaznak szervetlen kémiai fejezeteket.

Biokémia
Szervetlen kémia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sudden changes in flow in piping systems cause pressure fluctuations and unbalanced forces, particularly between changes in direction, such as at elbow pairs. But, these also occur at changes in area, such as valves, reducers, and other inline components.
It is not uncommon for these forces to cause damage when a system is not properly designed to accommodate them. This can result in failed supports, overloaded equipment, large displacements, and sometimes component failures.
Predicting these loads by hand can sometimes be impossible (or at least impractical), so engineers typically use software to predict the magnitude, direction, and variation of these loads over time. Once you establish the loading profiles, you must then predict how these loads will affect your piping system.
Watch this webinar recording to learn how you can generate the required force-time data using AFT Impulse transient analysis software. See a demonstration of how you can use the force-time data in CAESAR II to predict the system response using spectral and time-history analyses.


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Vancouver man jailed for sex with teen
Sandy Police arrest Michael Robert Luna, 22, of Vancouver on rape, sodomy charges
Michael Robert Luna, 22, of Vancouver, Wash., is being held at Clackamas County Jail on accusations that he engaged in sexual activity with a 14-year-old girl around 12:30 a.m. Nov. 22, near Tupper Road and Creekside Loop in Sandy.
A Sandy officer reported Luna and the girl were unclothed in a parked vehicle when they were discovered. Police said the girl, when interviewed, described meeting Luna via Snapchat and had been in a "sexual relationship" with him for the past two months. Snapchat is a mobile messaging application frequently used on cellular devices, allowing people to trade messages via photos, videos and text.
Police said Luna confessed in his interview and was transported to the jail that same morning. Luna was allegedly aware of the teen's true age.
Luna is accused of seven counts of third-degree rape and one count of third-degree sodomy. His bail is set at $50,000, according to Clackamas County Jail records.
Police are still investigating and additional charges may be filed.


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From France | The 6 French Outposts You Must Visit
In honour of Bastille Day, Verve takes a look at the best of France, outside of France, with a run down of some our favourite (sometimes former) Gallic islands and outposts.
1. Réunion Island
This Indian Ocean offering, Réunion Island (classed as part of France meaning you can fly 11 hours from Paris and technically still arrive in the same country) is as unusual as it is spectacular. So enormous are this volcanic island's craters that towns have been built inside them (do take a helicopter ride to appreciate them from above), including Hell-Bourg officially the most beautiful French village that's not inside France. Réunion also hosts Piton de la Fournaise, one of the most active volcanoes on Earth with more than 150 eruptions each year (ditto about the helicopter ride). The island is home to the highest point in the Indian Ocean as well, Piton des Neiges, a 3,069-metre cloud-piercing peak that takes a day to hike with jaw-dropping views of the verdant paradise and azure waters beyond.
2. New Caledonia
Less than a three-hour flight from Auckland sits the tropical Pacific paradise of New Caledonia. The merging of French and Melanesian cultures on an archipelago awash with white sand beaches lapped at by crystal waters that contain coral, shipwrecks and underwater caves and canyons, and regularly visited by wondrous marine life, including turtles, whales and the third largest population of dugongs on Earth. New Caledonia's cluster of lagoons are listed by Unesco, noted for their spectacularly varied ecosystems and for cradling one of the world's most extensive reef systems. Not only are these islands a diving, snorkelling, sailing and kayaking mecca, but a leading destination for the likes of rock climbing. The chefs of Nouméa, the capital city, are revered for their experimental dishes that riff on both French and Caledonian classics—don't bid au revoir without sampling some vanilla crème brûlée.
3. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
Positioned off Canada's east coast, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon remains the final French territory in North America. A big part of the charm of these pair of island groups is that what they lack in reliably good weather, they more than make up for in cultural treats—they really are essentially a transatlantic extension of France. The 7,000 or so citizens speak French (and some speak English begrudgingly!) and the currency is euros. You'll even find the continent's only real-life—and actually used—guillotine in L'Arche, one of many excellent museums, in the larger principality, Saint-Pierre. The seaside setting combined with the French flair and penchant for seafood makes for some exquisite dining experiences—it's a real taste of France, minus the tourists. When you're done with soaking in the culture, you can take a soak scuba diving the abundance of shipwrecks resting around the shores. Fun fact: Saint-Pierre was also used to store masses of alcohol by Al Capone during Prohibition.
4. Mauritius
So taken by the Indian Ocean archipelago of Mauritius was Mark Twain that he wrote that heaven must have been modelled on it. The mountainous island nation, carpeted in tropical rainforest surrounded by sugary white beaches that spill into turquoise seas is the ultimate holiday destination, soaked by sunshine all year round and home to world class gold courses, Unesco sites, awe-inspiring hiking and biking trails and countless watersports. Known as the Isle de France during the French rule of 1710-1814, the Gallic influence remains strong in the cuisine with dishes such as bouillon and coq au vin, as well as the abundance of colonial architecture. French also remains the most commonly spoken language here.
5. Akaroa
Akoroa, Aotearoa's very own slice of France, is nestled upon the Banks Peninsula, just outside Christchurch. It's a most charming settlement whose street signs are still French-themed, while some of its 600 residents are descendants of the first immigrants who arrived on the ship Comte de Paris in 1840—you can learn all about it at the local museum in the historic cottage, Langlois-Eteveneaux. The handsome lighthouse at Akaroa Head, too, is a must-do photo op, and don't leave without exploring the surrounding waters. Akaroa's harbour represents the flooded remains of an ancient volcanic crater and its marine reserve is so rich with wildlife that it hosts up to 80 percent of New Zealand's underwater biodiversity. There are ample opportunities for cruising and kayaking and even swimming with dolphins.
6. Martinique
An intoxicating blend of French and Caribbean culture awaits on the volcanic island of Martinique—with further intoxication available courtesy of the delicious local rum! The former capital city of St Pierre was considered the Paris of the Caribbean until the devastating eruption of Mt Pelée killed all but two of its 30,000 residents in 1902. The island, birthplace of Napoleon's bride to be, Empress Josephine, is the sister island of the more well-known St Lucia, surrounded by serene seas that invite the likes of snorkelling, deep sea fishing and dolphin-watching. Its rugged rural beauty is complemented by the most sophisticated of city scenes with fine dining eateries serving delicacies like sea urchin sharing streets with roadside vendors offering delectable local dishes like grilled fish with steamed rice and ratatouille—and at bargain prices.
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Юхим (Б. Юрій) Клевчуцький — (†1939) — після визвольних змагань 1920 р. був інтернований в Каліші (в Польщі) де в Пластовій школі вивчив гру на бандурі в М. Теліги. В 1923 р. переїхав в Прагу. Учасник Празької капели бандуристів. Продовжував удосконалювати гру на бандурі у В. Ємця. Після закінчення української гімназії закінчив студії в Педагогічному Інституті ім. М. Драгоманова в Празі. По студії поїхав вчителювати в Бережани.— Вчитель З. Штокалка. Вступив до дивізії. Помер в Закарпатті під час війни.

Українські музиканти
Бандуристи
Вояки Армії УНР


Perhaps, you run Mysql 5.7. Due to the changes in this version you can log in as root only by connecting from the process which runs with permissions of the system root user.
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This page was last modified on 30 July 2018, at 10:51.


Or like chattering insects, or a New Year's Eve noisemaker.
Paradiso is using a modular synthesizer to translate data into artful sound — specifically data from one of the final fusion experiments on the Plasma Science and Fusion Center's (PSFC) Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Late on Sept. 30, 2016, this experiment set the plasma pressure record for a magnetically confined fusion device. To emphasize the connection between the scientific data and the soundscape it augments, Paradiso has temporarily located his project at the PSFC near the cell where Alcator C-Mod is still housed.
The installation, entitled "Resynthesizer," is a collaboration between the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, the Program in Art, Culture and Technology (ACT), the PSFC, and the Media Lab. The partners in the project are offering a month-long series of public tours of the synthesizer and the Alcator C-Mod tokamak at the PSFC, intending to promote dialogue between the varying departments, and the public, concerning interdisciplinary research efforts directed towards one of the 21st century's most pressing challenges: to produce the next clean, economically efficient, and sustainable energy.
Nuno Loureiro, a nuclear science and engineering professor who was instrumental to locating the synth at the PSFC, sees a conversation beginning.
The Paradiso Synthesizer, arguably the world's largest homemade modular synthesizer, produces sounds which have been programmed manually by running wires between various outputs and inputs. Unlike today's digital synthesizers, which normally hide their many capabilities behind menus or graphical interface screens that allow for changing only one parameter at a time, the modular synthesizer exposes all aspects of sound creation and modification simultaneously via the physical modules.
The modules produce complex and varied sonic environments from a complicated patch — or set of connections — that Paradiso creates. The patch determines the sounds, as well as how they are controlled and triggered, ensuring that the sonic environment generated by the synthesizer will never be repeated.
"Once it is converted to audio, I process the C-Mod data with various effects, including clocking it at different rates, as well as dynamically selecting data files made from different variables from the experiment," he says.
Paradiso says he was inspired by the haunting sound of C-Mod data to "fortify this mood" with other modified and heavily processed sounds, some taken from oscillators and speech generators, as well as triggered elements from commercial keyboards, but much of this sound is also modulated and controlled by C-Mod data.
Paradiso plans to install new and different patches at intervals over the next weeks, possibly altering the mood of the work.
Loureiro sees parallels between this sonic art and fusion research.
"With the synth, minor changes in the patch produce completely different outcomes, just as in fusion experiments slight changes to a variable creates a completely different fusion reaction. Both are nonlinear systems that can behave completely differently depending on the input," he says.
Paradiso, who introduced the resynthesizer in April as part of ACT's 50th Anniversary celebration of the Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS), says he was pleased with the process and the results. Having spent hours setting up the synthesizer near the C-Mod cell, he even became fond of the omnipresent noise of a vacuum pump and exhaust fans, despite his early concern that they would interfere with his own soundscape. Now he plans to sample the background noise of the C-Mod cell for inclusion in future compositions. Because he completed his PhD in experimental high-energy physics here at MIT in 1981, he says he feels at home around a physics experiment.
"It's great to be an artist — it's too easy these days to let my students have all the creative fun. I want to make more pieces with it and it and build out its repertoire," he says. He proposes a jam session with students from the Media Lab joining PSFC researchers for musical encounters with the synthesizer. Graduate students who have studied C-Mod data for their own PhD theses could be jamming with it before the end of the month, collaborating with that data in a whole new way.
Public tours of the facility and installation are available Wednesday evenings from 6:30 – 7:30 p.m. through June 6. The tours are cooperatively led by a team of ACT and PSFC graduate students holding special interest in and knowledge of the project. Tours are scheduled and are limited to 20 attendees at a time.
Anyone interested in hearing more can visit the resynthesizer online for what it is currently streaming.


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Jupiter and its moon Io really do look like they do in this latest image by NASA's Juno probe. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS.
Home/Blog/From Neptune's Blue Hue to Jupiter's Red Spot: Are the Colors of the Planets Real?
From Neptune's Blue Hue to Jupiter's Red Spot: Are the Colors of the Planets Real?
Curiosmos Send an email February 2, 2019Last Updated: May 7, 2019
David Rothery, The Open University
These days, we're used to seeing pictures of planets sent back by spacecraft. Some pictures look colorful, others less so. But do they show what each planet really looks like?
The short answer to this is "sometimes" because some planets are genuinely quite colorful. Others are surfaced by rock that is almost entirely grey, and if you come across a picture of these looking colorful you can be pretty sure that the image has been manipulated in some way. Usually, it's a way of exaggerating subtle differences that human eyes are not good at seeing without help.
(Comfreak / Pixabay)
Anyone who has used a smartphone to take photos has probably stumbled upon various options to exaggerate or tone down the color. Similar techniques are routinely used for processing images sent back by spacecraft, almost always to exaggerate color rather than to make it more subtle.
But a camera on a spacecraft rarely sees colors in the same way as the human eye. For example, the red, green and blue components are usually recorded separately, transmitted to Earth as three separate black-and-white images and combined in color only for display purposes. How the colors come out is bound to be at least subtly different from the ways your eyes would perceive the same view.
What's more, the colors on an image don't necessarily correspond to the original colors, even if there has been no attempt to exaggerate them. In principle, a spacecraft camera can record in any part of the light spectrum. When one of the channels lies beyond the visible range, such as in ultraviolet, we still have to use either red, green or blue to display it. That means the resulting picture is "false color", which might then be further exaggerated.
The giant planets
Jupiter famously has a "Great Red Spot", a giant oval storm system. While the more subtle colors elsewhere in Jupiter's clouds may be largely due to the cloud-tops being seen through different depths of transparent atmosphere, the clouds in the spot itself are stained red by an unknown contaminant. Candidates include phosphorous, a sulfur compound, and complex organic molecules.
Jupiter's Great Red Spot in natural color, by NASA's Galileo orbiter. NASA/JPL/Cornell University
Jupiter's propensity for strong colors is shared by its innermost large moon, Io. Here, frequent explosive volcanic eruptions shower the ground with sulfur and sulfur dioxide – making the globe look like a yellow pizza, scattered with black "olives" that are in reality patches of lava that are too fresh to have picked up a yellow stain yet.
Left: Io in natural color. Right: Europa, in exaggerated false color to accentuate the difference between 'clean' ice (blue) and 'dirty' ice (red). NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/DLR
In contrast, the next moon out, Europa, has a surface made of frozen water. This is strongly reflective, making it bright but not very colorful. Most color images of Europa that you are likely to come across are rendered in exaggerated and false color.
Saturn has more muted colors than Jupiter, despite having a similar atmosphere. It's natural color is only vaguely yellow – any pictures you see of it looking strongly colored are either false color or exaggerated color.
Saturn by NASA's Cassini orbiter. This is a false color image recorded using three infrared wavelengths and shows patterns of thermal emission rather than reflected sunlight. NASA/JPL/ASI/University of Arizona.
Uranus and Neptune are also hidden by an immensely deep atmosphere. To our eyes, Uranus looks naturally green and Neptune blue, because the tops of their clouds of condensed methane are seen through a great depth of methane gas that filters out the red component of sunlight so that only green-blue light makes it down to the clouds and back out. There's not much colour variation though; the highest clouds look white but everywhere else is blue or green.
A natural color view of Neptune by NASA's Voyager 2. NASA/JPL.
Two false-color views of Uranus, the first using 3 wavelengths of near-infrared light, the second in visible light. Lawrence Sromovsky, University of Wisconsin-Madison/W.W. Keck Observatory.
The rocky planets
Mars is aptly referred to as "the Red Planet". The iron in its rock and dust has largely been turned to iron oxide or rust. Consequently, Mars looks red to the unaided eye if you see it in the sky, it looks red from orbit, and it looks red as seen by rovers on the ground. Here the debate is whether to render colors as they "really" look or as they would look if the quality of the light were the same as on Earth.
Three versions of the same view on the surface of Mars from NASA's Curiosity rover. Left: unprocessed. Middle: adjusted to how human eyes would see it. Right: how it would look under Earth-like lighting conditions (note how the colour of the sky has changed) NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
Venus is swathed in dazzlingly white clouds and the surface has been visited only by handful of Soviet landers. The dense clouds allow only a dull reddish glow to reach the ground, so everywhere looks orange. But the rocks themselves are really a drab grey kind of lava.
The cloud tops of Venus in natural color, but with the brightness reduced and the contrast stretched to reveal structure. NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington.
The surface of Venus by the Venera 13 lander. The top view is natural color, the lower view is how it would look with the same sunlight as on Earth.NASA.
Mercury is an airless world made of drab, dark grey rock with just a hint of redness. It reflects only about 7% of the sunlight falling on it, which is only slightly more than coal would, but it is three times closer to the sun than the Earth is, where the intense sunlight would make it look pretty bright even without adjusting the image brightness. However, to tease out the color variations that lurk in Mercury's landscape features, it is common practice to use false color in a way that basically boosts the very subtle natural color differences until they are glaringly obvious.
Exaggerated false colour rendering of Mercury, as imaged by NASA's MESSENGER orbiter (NASA/JHUAP{L/CIW)
Don't think of this as cheating. It is revealing truths about a world that you'd be able to see if your eyes and brain had evolved there, in order to maximize the available information.
David Rothery, Professor of Planetary Geosciences, The Open University
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3 Strange Objects in the Solar System That You Probably Never Heard About Before
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New Estimates Suggest There Are Around 300 Million Habitable Planets in Our Galaxy
Hubble Snaps Stunning Image of Saturn Revealing It's Summertime There


Lucy means "LIGHT BEARER." This Darśana necklace showcases a round mirror framed in gold and white diamonds. Layer this necklace into your everyday looks.
3 burnished diamonds .09 CTS.
Necklace measures 18-in., 17-in. and 16-in. long.


Note on the Unified List: There were three complete editions of the Unified List published in 1985, 1988 and 1990 plus various update inserts that were published between full editions. Non-equity ties such as licensing, franchising and distribution agreements were added in 1998 following the adoption of the Guidelines for Divestment. At the time of this testimony, South Africa still illegally occupied Namibia. Companies that did business in Namibia were targeted for divestment and selective purchasing until Namibia gained its independence on March 21, 1990. As a result, companies that did business in Namibia were included in the first two editions of the Unified List but not in the 1990 edition. However, most companies that did business in Namibia also did business in South Africa.
I want to thank you for the opportunity to testify today. My name is Richard Knight, and I am the staff person at The Africa Fund with primary responsibility for the Unified List of United States Companies Doing Business in South Africa and Namibia.
The people of Massachusetts have long been in the lead in the struggle against apartheid. Massachusetts was the first state to adopt legislation totally divesting the state pension funds from companies doing business in South Africa in January 1983. Shortly after this measure was signed by Governor Dukakis, the Second Conference on Public Investment and South Africa was held in Massachusetts. The Executive Order No. 281 again shows Massachusetts as a leader in the effort to end corporate collaboration with apartheid.
The Africa Fund, which published the Unified List of United States Companies Doing Business in South Africa and Namibia, was founded in 1966 to educate Americans about African issues and provide humanitarian assistance to the victims of apartheid and colonialism. For many years, The Africa Fund has conducted research into the role of U.S. corporations in South Africa. The Africa Fund is associated with the American Committee on Africa, which has led the campaign to get U.S. companies to withdraw from South Africa, including supporting efforts of various city and state governments.
It is important to realize that South Africa is critically dependent on foreign products and technology. South African business leaders are increasingly concerned about the growing sanctions and divestment of U.S. and other foreign companies. One noted recently "Those countries that have turned away from the world have remained economic backwaters. South Africa needs the world. It needs markets, it needs skills, it needs technology and above all it needs capital."
There have been some significant changes in the U.S. corporate relationships with South Africa over the past five years. Many companies that once had direct investment in South African subsidiaries have sold their South African subsidiaries. However, many of these companies continue to do business in South Africa through licensing, franchising or distribution agreements. For example, IBM still sells its products in South Africa, including mainframe computers, through a company that acts as its local distributor. These licensing, franchising and distribution agreements mean that American products and technology is still available to the apartheid economy.
Executive Order 281 is important because it makes Massachusetts the first state to apply a broad definition of doing business in South Africa, including licensing, franchising and distribution agreements, to a program aimed at steering state purchasing away from companies that continue to do business in South Africa.
One important aspect of the Guidelines is that they take an inclusive view, treating all segments and subsidiaries of a corporation as one entity. Thus, a company is considered doing business in South Africa if it, its parent, or any of its parent's other subsidiaries do business in South Africa. It is important for Massachusetts to be clear on this matter in the regulations.
The essence of the Guidelines have been increasingly widely adopted. Perhaps most relevant here is Dade County, Florida, which has a selective purchasing policy similar in many ways to the State of Massachusetts. Dade County has been writing all the companies and creating a list of companies considered as doing business in South Africa. Dade County has also incorporated completion of an affidavit as part of the bidding process. I think Massachusetts should consider adding an affidavit to its bidding process. Such as affidavit could require companies bidding for state contracts to confirm that they do not do business in South Africa. Any company that could not sign such as affidavit would be added to the Commonwealth's South Africa List.
Since the regulations make specific reference to the Unified List of United States Companies Doing Business in South Africa as one of the sources for the Commonwealth's South Africa List, I would like to make a few comments. As we state in the introduction, "This list should be used as a starting point for further investigation… The information appearing in the Unified List is derived from a wide variety of sources, including secondary sources. While we have striven for accuracy, we can not guarantee the correctness of information in the list." The regulations set up a reasonable system by which the Commonwealth of Massachusetts can verify and update the information on particular companies and provide the companies with a system to appeal their inclusion on the Commonwealth's South Africa List. We are gratified that the Commonwealth will use the Unified List as one of its sources in compiling its own South Africa List, but would like to emphasize the importance of a process whereby the Commonwealth has its own procedure to verify the information and determine which companies fit the exact criteria of Executive Order 281.
As its name implies, the Unified List was originally compiled from a wide variety of existing lists. The first edition was published in 1985. One of the primary sources at that time was a list published annually by the U.S. Consulate General in Johannesburg. (This list is no longer published.) But a number of other sources were also used including the various reports put out by the Report on the Signatory Companies to the Sullivan Principles (annual), the Directory of American Firms Operating in Foreign Countries, the International Directory of Corporate Affiliations, Who Owns Whom as well as various publication of the Investor Responsibility Research Center. In addition information was obtained from U.S. and South African press sources. Much of the work on the first edition was done by Roger Walke and his colleagues at the Pacific Northwest Research Center.
After publication of the first edition, the responsibility for research moved to The Africa Fund. Much of the information in the current edition comes from the companies themselves. We have had extensive correspondence with many of the companies. We have also sent out questionnaires. Some companies provide significant information, others never respond to our requests for information. In addition, we monitor various company documents such as annual reports, Form 10-Ks filed with the SEC and proxy statements. A major help in producing the list is correspondence the companies have with various cities and states, which have frequently been of great assistance in updating the list.
A number of secondary sources are also used. These include the Report on the Signatory Companies to the Statement of Principles for South Africa (annual) and South Africa and Fair Labor Standards by the U.S. Department of State (annual). We continue to monitory both the U.S. and South African press. We also get various books and other documents from South Africa. These can sometimes result in a company being added to the Unified List. For example, a South African company has been advertising itself as the exclusive distributor for Borland International. We have added Borland to the Unified List despite the fact it has never responded to our requests for information. A similar situation exists with several other companies.
The Africa Fund will be happy to cooperate with the Commonwealth in its efforts. In cases where our information differs from that of other information in possession of the State Purchasing Agency, we will try to provide details of our sources.
I would again like to close by emphasizing how important this kind of action is in ending business ties with South Africa. When Hewlett-Packard Co. announced it was withdrawing from South Africa, it specifically cited selective purchasing legislation in the United States. One company spokesman said Hewlett-Packard encountered 50 instances per day in which such policies impeded the company's chance of sales. Massachusetts can make a difference by effectively implementing Executive Order 281.
3) have more than 5% of their common stock beneficially owned or controlled by a South African entity.
A company with operations in South Africa or Namibia for the sole purpose of reporting the news shall not be considered doing business in those countries.
PALO ALTO, Calif. — Hewlett-Packard Co. announced last week it was selling its South African sales subsidiary to Siltek Ltd., bowing to anti-apartheid selective procurement polices established by universities and local and state governments.
The move leaves NCR Corp. as the last major U.S. computer manufacturer with direct ties to the country.
"The [selective procurement] problem was measured in millions [of dollars]," an HP spokesman said. He said that HP field personnel encountered about 50 instances per day in which such policies impeded HP's chances of sales, adding that the company was seeing the same selective procurement momentum in Europe.
Critics of apartheid have targeted computer company ties to South Africa's government because, they say, imported technology facilitates repression of blacks through weapons and pass laws.
Withdrawal from South Africa had been as issue in six of the last eight HP shareholder meetings, although the proposals had been voted down. HP decided to go ahead anyway because of procurement policy pressure as well as pending U.S. legislation that would require the elimination of exports of U.S. goods and services to South Africa.
"These companies will come under pressure to end their last ties," said Richard Knight, a research associate at The Africa Fund, a New York-based anti-apartheid research and lobbyist group.


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Q: Find field type in mongodb using query I have collection containing some fields.
Document structure is here:
    {
      date: ISODate("2014-03-19T23:00:00Z"),
      value: 25.8,
      name:"MyName"
    }

is there is way to find out data type of field?
how I can identify key value data type? either it is double or float

A: MongoDB stores data in bson format. And if you have a look at this link : Bson data types spec
You will see that bson does not have a datatype called 'float' , it only has 'double' . Hence you cannot differentiate between 'float' and 'double'. But you can determine the data type of other fields like 'Date'.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Choosing the correct dew point meter and dew point measurement equipment for your application is essential. To help you getting the most out of your compressed air or industrial gas systems feel free to contact us by using our contact form or just give us a call.
Mobile dew point measurement system to measure dew point and other pressure dependent values.
Disposes all functions of our DP 500 and comes with an additional - freely assignable - sensor input.
Ideal for the monitoring of refrigeration or adsorption dryers.
Ideal instrument for dew point measuring for all kinds of dryers.
To measure the (pressure) dew point point in potentially explosive atmospheres. Can be used in many non-aggressive gases.
with the digital process meter DS 52 and the dew point sensor FA 510 with a measuring range from -80 to 20°Ctd.
Portable service instrument for dew point measurement for all types of dryers down to -80°Ctd dew point.
with the digital process meter DS 52 and the dew point sensor FA 510 with a measuring range from -20 to 50°Ctd.
from -80 to 20°Ctd. Extremely long-term stable. Analogue output 4...20 mA.
Dew point measurement DS 52-set for adsorption dryers.
The measuring range of -80...20°Ctd makes the DS 52-set with alarm the ideal dew point monitor with analogue output 4...20 mA.
from -20 to 50°Ctd. Extremely long-term stable. Analogue output 4...20 mA.
The measuring range of -20...50°Ctd makes the dew ponit set DS 52 with alarm the ideal dew point monitor with analogue output 4...20 mA.
is the ideal instrument for dew point measuring for all kinds of dryers.
is screwed onto the dew point sensor and therefore enables an easy and low-priced possibility for on-site control and calibration down to -20°Ctd.
Why choosing dew point meters from CS Instruments?
Dew point measurement and monitoring in compressed air systems is essential. Drying of granulate in plastics technology, the generation and usage of various technical gases (N2, O2, Ar, H2) and a lot more applications require professional dew point measurement equipment for perfect operation. Proven and reliable dew point meters from CS Instruments are helping customers worldwide to ensure the required product quality in compressed air and gas systems.
As experience manufacturer of dew point sensors CS Instruments offer a wide and field proven product portfolio for dew point sensors. Our delivery program includes especially designed stationary and mobile solutions for dew point monitoring of refrigeration, desiccant or membrane driers. Ideal accessories like measuring chambers, dry containers or diffusion tight hose ensure that CS dew point systems are the perfect solution for a trouble-free dew point measurement.
Standard interfaces are 4…20mA, Modbus RTU or M-Bus. Furthermore, all dew point sensors can be combined easily with our data loggers. Dew point sensors form CS Instruments enables a reliable and long-term stable monitoring of the pressure dew point in industrial applications from -80 to +20 °C dew point. We recommend the indirect installation with measuring chamber. This enables easy mounting and dismounting of the probe without interruption of the line, a quick response time and optimum sensor protection.
Why dew point measurement is essential?
Air always contains water in form of vapor. Since air contrary to water can be compressed the water drops out during the compression procedure in form of condensate. The maximum humidity of the air depends on the temperature and the volume. It does not depend on any quantity. The ambient air can be imagined like a wet sponge. In relaxed condition, it is able to absorb a certain quantity of water. It the sponge is squeezed water drops out. Some water will remain in the sponge even in case of a strong compression. This process is similar to the compressed air applications.
What exactly is meant by dew point?
At each temperature, air or other gases can hold a maximum quantity of water. The warmer the air is the more water can be absorbed. Dew point is the temperature to which air or gas must be cooled for the water vapor in it to condense into dew or frost.
What means pressure dew point?
Pressure dew point is the temperature to which the compressed air can be cooled down without any condensation. The pressure dew point depends on the final compression pressure. In case of a declining pressure also the pressure dew point drops. For compressed air only the pressure dew point is significant. The atmospheric dew point is misleading and should not be used.


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← Deep-mantle krypton reveals Earth's early accretion of carbonaceous matter
Exsolution in alkali feldspar in ordinary chondrites: Ubiquitous evidence for rapid cooling at high temperatures →
An exploration of whether Earth can be built from chondritic components, not bulk chondrites
1Conel M. O'D. Alexander
1Earth and Planets Laboratory, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington DC 20015, USA
Here, two of a range of possible models are explored that assume that: (i) two of the main chondritic components (chondrules and refractory inclusions) dominated the Earth's building blocks, (ii) that their relative abundances differed from those of known chondrites, and (iii) that the elemental compositions of all components, as well as the isotopic compositions of refractory inclusions, resembled those of the components in carbonaceous chondrites.
In terms of the elemental abundances, the chondrules can explain the moderately volatile element fractionations in the bulk silicate Earth (BSE), except for a few elements like F and In, while the refractory inclusions explain the BSE's refractory lithophile element enrichment. Accretion of a CM- or EL-like late veneer reproduces the S, Se, Te and highly siderophile element abundances in the BSE. The accretion of CI- or CM-like material prior to the late veneer, along with small amounts of cometary and implanted solar wind material, can explain the BSE elemental and isotopic abundances of the noble gases as well as the elemental abundances of most other highly volatile elements (e.g., H, C and N) provided that variable fractions of them can be sequestered into the core or into hidden mantle reservoirs. This CI- or CM-like material provides an upper limit for the contribution to the BSE from matrix that is much less than in any chondrites. In the models, Si, O and S are the dominant light elements in the core, in that order, and their abundances are constrained to be consistent with the first principles calculations of Umemoto and Hirose (2020). The core compositions of the models are also consistent with most geochemical constraints.
Satisfying all isotopic constraints is a challenge. The BSE Os isotopes are consistent with an EL dominated late veneer, but Ru isotopic evidence is best explained by the addition of CM-like material in the late veneer. Either CI- or CM-like material, in combination with small amounts of cometary and implanted solar wind material, can reproduce the BSE Ne, Ar and Kr isotopic compositions. CM-like, but not CI-like, material can roughly reproduce the BSE's H and C isotopic compositions, but neither material can explain the BSE N isotopic composition. The BSE composition requires that the O isotopic compositions of the refractory inclusions (initially Δ17O≤-20 ‰) in Earth's building blocks were reset in the nebula by interaction with high Δ 17O H2O, perhaps during chondrule formation. To plot on the inner Solar System ε54Cr vs. ε 50Ti (or ε 48Ca) trend, either the average Cr content of the chondrules was roughly half of that assumed here or most of the CI/CM-like and refractory-inclusion-rich materials were accreted late.


Alfredo is passionate singer/songwriter known for his latin flavored compositions, and his singing in multiple languages, and fiery guitar playing.
his group Radio Europa, transport the listener to exotic places.
listeners to Paris, as he channels the music of Jacque Brel.
Come down and enjoy the "Musika" of Alfredo Merat.


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Optimus Prime Pays a Surprise Visit in ComicBooks For Kids! C2E2 Transformers #1 Exclusive
Posted on March 1, 2019 | by Rich Johnston | 0 Comment(s)
The charitable organisation ComicBooks For Kids! (CB4K) is producing its own exclusive cover variant by Timothy Lim. for the upcoming Transformers #1 reboot from IDW.
It will be sold first at C2E2 to raise money for the initiative that aims to get comic books into the hands of children, and then from selected retailers after the show.
Mark Weiss, founder and president, was quoted as saying "We knew of Tim's artwork as he has done other Transformers covers and we think you will all agree that he absolutely smashed it with this one. Similar to the Archie 700, it has the same look, feel and warmth that identifies it as a ComicBooks For Kids! cover".
The cover will also showcase the new logo for CB4K. The post-show availability will also recognize those comic stores who have helped support CB4K with one or more fundraisers, and it will only be available from these stores:
Hooked On Comics in Myerstown, Pennsylvania
Heroes and Fantasies in San Antonio, Texas
Space Cadets Collection Collection in Conroe, Texas
Lone Star Comics in Arlington, Texas
Zone Comics and Games in Homewood, Illinois
ComicBooks For Kids! will again be providing copies at no cost to these organizations as a way of saying "thank you" for their support. According to Mark, " Less than 150 copies will be available online making this book even more rare then the Archie 700 CB4K variant of which many retailers sold out of within the first few days".
They ask those looking to support CB4K and its partners to contact the retailers and to say hello to the team at C2E2
'Swamp Thing': Director Len Wiseman Offers a Quick Swamp Tour [VIDEO]
Kingdom Hearts: The Story So Far is Back on Sale


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Guest Opinion: Confluence offers long-term community value
Opinion | August 9, 2016
Jonathon Dunn
A rendering of potential confluence development from Community Builders.
Provided |
Thank you for raising awareness in your editorial of July 27 about the development of the water treatment plant at the confluence of the Colorado and Roaring Fork rivers.
Your editorial included a 2014 illustration of the proposed development that made clear the size and extent of the development proposed by the City Council and how it would change Glenwood. The artist's impression indicates three Soviet-style apartment blocks, six stories high, with penthouses on top, standing sentinel on a large concrete underground car park extending almost to the river, the remaining narrow strip of land next to the river is withered to a no-man's land with concrete park benches overlooked by the apartments.
In 2003, community planning published its Strategy for the Confluence, the product of extensive research culminating in the city making a clear and unequivocal recommendation that the best and highest use of this land was as a riverside park for the people of Glenwood. This was voted on and adopted.
Water and in particular the confluences of major rivers have for millennia held deep and significant meaning to people of all ages and from every race and culture. Therefore it's no surprise that all around the country, including Denver and Grand Junction, confluences are being recovered to create people-focused parks and unique places of recreation.
Glenwood has a very special confluence, two of our greatest rivers merging to water and sustain America's Desert Southwest. These rivers are beautiful and dramatic; no wonder developers want to cash in. The winning developer will be able to build and sell luxury apartments and penthouses overlooking both rivers. No doubt they will sell for a premium price — we might even see Glenwood's first million-dollar penthouse.
Is the short-term dollar value more important than the long-term community value? Once sold it will be gone forever, and this at a time when the trend is to prioritize people ahead of buildings and where the long-term benefits of getting away from built-up areas to open space is recognized and proving to be of greater benefit and value than shops and apartments.
The key parts of Confluence Park:
• Owned by the people and run as a nonprofit.
• The Glenwood Historical Museum moves to the park, expands and includes exhibits telling the story of water in the West and bringing to life the hard-learned lessons of the dryland ranchers.
• The Water Exploratory will demonstrate and educate in the science and properties of water through hands-on, fun experiments for all ages. The old water tanks will be repurposed into a planetarium and virtual reality sphere demonstrating threatened habitats.
The botanic gardens, will be a tapestry of parkland and wildlife habitats laced with flowing water. The rich landscaping will create small intimate coves where friends can meet.
The buildings will be landscaped into the park, and a new remembrance garden will be dedicated to the Storm King firefighters, creating a place where anyone can pay their respects.
Confluence Park connects with Iron Mountain Hot Springs, the Hot Springs Pool and downtown using pedestrian and bike trails.
The choice is a stark one, on the one hand a large-scale urban development focused on short-term profit and consumerism, and on the other a natural and wild park focused on science and the long-term values of conservation and ecology. Does the public really want this land is to be built out? It will be there for the rest of our lives; perhaps we should ask our children what they want.
Jonathon Dunn is project manager for confluencepark.org.
Micek column: 'Second Amendment Sanctuaries' the Right's new gun push
Across the Street column: 2020 vision — implementing the READ ACT
Cepeda column: King's dream still hasn't come true
Shannon column: Conservatives still waiting for anchor babies aweigh!
Cepeda column: Immigrants have stronger faith in America's justice system than those who dehumanize them
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Image Title: Mid Century Modern Recliner Sofas Johnbonham Memorialfund Within Sofa Prepare 13. Filename: mid-century-modern-recliner-sofas-johnbonham-memorialfund-within-sofa-prepare-13.jpg. Image Dimension: 1024 x 680 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Emmet Morissette. Uploaded Date: Tuesday - January 08th. 2019 04:51:20 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: archdaily.com.
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Stötstångsmotor, fyrtaktsmotor där ventilerna lyfts med hjälp av stötstänger. Varje nock på kamaxeln, som är placerad nere vid vevaxeln, påverkar en stötstång. Stången går upp till ventilerna och höjer ena änden av en vipparm som i sin tur öppnar och stänger insugs- och avgasventilen. Ventilerna förs tillbaka med ventilfjädrar. Insugs- och avgasventilen har alltså var sin kam på kamaxeln och var sin stötstång.

Kamaxeln ligger inuti motorblocket vilket gör att motorn kan vara lägre än motorer med överliggande kamaxel som har kamaxeln placerad i toppen, över cylindrarna. I en stötstångsmotor slipper man de mer komplexa konstruktionerna med kamrem eller kamkedja. Istället drivs kamaxeln med kugghjul som sällan behöver service eller utbyte. V-motorer och boxermotorer kan använda samma kamaxel för båda cylinderraderna med denna konstruktion, vilket också minskar antalet delar.

Nackdelen är att en stötstångsmotor inte kan bli så snabb som en motor med överliggande kamaxel eftersom stötstängerna har stor massa som måste fås att röra sig fram och tillbaka (se tröghet).

Motorteknik


To get the best Medicare Supplement insurance in Wabbaseka, AR, it is important to compare your options. Our website enables you to do that quickly and efficiently. Simply enter your Zip at the top and click Compare Options button. You will be taken to a page with a list of the best insurance carriers in your Jefferson area. We recommend comparing quotes from at least 3 companies before settling on a coverage. This way you can make sure you are not overpaying on your Medigap premium.
This type of insurance can be obtained by doing three simple things. First of all, you are going to want to find companies that offer it. You can find them by getting quotes from companies that allow you to put your information in so that they can send it to insurance providers that sell Wabbaseka Medigap policies. You will receive the quotes within a few days and then it's up to you to make the right choice. The second thing that you need to do is evaluate the quotes that you do receive. Some of them will cover virtually everything. However, the best ones are going to be a little more expensive. If you can afford to do so, the coverage that will make it virtually impossible for you to ever pay another medical bill are the ones that you want to get. Finally, you need to contact that company and get set up with their policy. The sooner that you do this the better. You never know when an emergency will strike and you could end up in an emergency room which can literally cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. With the proper Medigap insurance in place, this supplemental insurance will take away all of your worries about how much it's going to cost to go to the doctor. Just find one or two of these businesses that will submit your information to the many different Medigap providers and you can sign up for an affordable Medicare supplemental insurance policy.
There are obviously going to be some policies that are going to surpass others. For example, there are many that are very affordable but only cover a portion of the possible bills that you may receive. Others will be several hundred dollars a month, but you will not have to pay for anything, not even a deductible, and this is probably what you will want to get. Several companies will offer these full coverage Medigap policies. Simply choose one that has an affordable rate. You can also read reviews online of the different companies that offer these Wabbaseka, Arkansas Medicare supplemental insurance policies and select one based upon what other people have said.
With the present economy in so a lot difficulty and so a lot of folks dropping employment, health insurance policy is more essential than ever. Overall health insurance coverage is not just a private or household matter, it is a matter of nationwide discourse. Use this information to learn a lot more about overall health insurance policy in your life.
When evaluating health insurance coverage, just take the time to evaluate estimates on the sort of strategy you need. The charges linked with insurance policies will range extensively between firms. Carrying out some homework on what is coated vs. cost of coverage can conserve a whole lot of money and time, ought to the want come up.
As your children age into grownups, their overall health insurance protection will at some point run out. You want to get started talking to them early (say, in the very last two many years of school) about their insurance needs so that they recognize how the transition will take place. Considering that several companies are slicing positive aspects, dad and mom are trying to keep children on their procedures lengthier and for a longer time, but this gets expensive. Possibly the greatest guidance is to position out the positive aspects of complete-time employment which will supply them with their own unbiased health protection.
When it truly is time for open up enrollment, consider your requirements when it comes to overall health insurance. Your insurance policies wants can swiftly modify as your overall health alterations and your family grows. You can also make changes to eyesight, dental and other insurance choices.
To maintain your healthcare protection affordable, inquire as to whether or not your employer has a wellness system you can take part in. Several organizations offer positive aspects for those who pick to make critical life-style modifications. Joining particular fitness plans may support your firm spend much less for its insurance protection.
Ahead of re-enrolling with your current well being insurance coverage firm, examine to see if their guidelines are altering. Some businesses are growing their rates, and if yours is, you will really feel it when you re-enroll. Verify all around with other insurance policy firms to make certain you are nevertheless acquiring the greatest deal offered.
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Commissioning is a process where all systems are checked for proper operations at startup.
Ongoing Commissioning is a managment solution where Thermal-Grid monitoring allows the installer to verify that all systems are working as they are meant to, both on day one and throughout the system's life. Performance can be assessed throughout a normal day and those extreme days that happen through a system's history. After the installer has gone home Thermal-Grid watches the system performance and alerts service people or managers if issues arise. If there is a system failure or operational problem, an alarm is emailed to the service technician with details of the failure.
Real-time monitoring allows a 24/7 understanding of energy production and usage. See current and historic data with easy to use tools. Good solar hot water systems are built to last a long time. Lifetime monitoring helps reduce downtime insuring many years of service. Monitoring is part of lifecycle management. Tools allow building owners and managers see on-going and historic energy usage.


Kale chips are a great snack to let the kids get hands-on with. Let them massage the kale and toss in the flavorings then watch them crisp up in the oven. Kale is a great source of fiber and iron, not to mention vitamins A, C, K, B6 and calcium for strong teeth and bones, so try swap out processed chips with these crunchy beauties for a nutritious and delicious snack!
1. Preheat oven to 350ºF and line a large baking tray with baking paper.
2. Remove leaves from the stems of the kale and roughly tear it up into large pieces. Save the stems for smoothies or pesto.
3. Add kale leaves into a large bowl and massage in the oil until it is coated in oil. Sprinkle on the curry powder and salt and toss to combine.
4. Spread out the kale onto the prepared baking sheet into a single layer, being sure not to overcrowd the kale.
5. Bake for 5 mins, rotate the pan, and bake for another 5-10 mins more until the kale begins to firm up.
6. Allow to cool on the baking tray before serving.
Serve immediately or store in an airtight container for up to 2 days.