text:
The destructive myopia of the NIH study on grant funding and race
Michael Eisen, Professor of molecular and cell biology | August 25, 2011
One comment | Leave a comment
Last week Science published a paper describing the results of an NIH-sponsored investigation into the impact of a scientist's race on the probability of that their grants will be funded.
The findings were striking:
After controlling for the applicant's educational background, country of origin, training, previous research awards, publication record, and employer characteristics, we find that black applicants remain 10 percentage points less likely than whites to be awarded NIH research funding.
This result has led to some degree of hand-wringing and pledges to act from the NIH, along with calls to stamp out presumed racism in the peer review process from prominent editorial pages and Congress (and here).
I have no reason to doubt the data presented in the paper. But the interpretation by the authors, media and others are alarmist and incomplete. Rather than exposing lingering racism in the NIH peer review process, I think the data paint a fairly accurate picture of the current state of efforts to increase minority representation in the sciences – highlighting remaining challenges, but also noteworthy accomplishments that the paper and discussions about it have completely ignored.
First, let's look at the data. The key finding is shown below (I've plotted data from Table S1 of the paper. For those unfamiliar with the NIH peer review process, all applications are reviewed by 3 scientists who assign a preliminary score – in the case of these grants from 100 to 900, with 100 being the best – grants with a preliminary score above a threshold are "triaged", the remainder are discussed with the larger panel of reviewers, after which final scores are recorded):
The effect is undeniably strong: 60 percent of R01 (the standard research grants that support most labs) applications from black PIs are triaged, compared to 40% for white applicants, and far fewer black PIs get scores in the coveted 100-150 range where grants are likely to get funded.
But a few things are worth noting. First, of the applications that are discussed in study section (i.e. not triaged), a roughly equal proportion of applications from black and white PIs get scores between 100-150.
This detail should not be ignored. NIH funding is intensely competitive. Fewer than 10% of all applicants get this kind of score. Far more than just a passing grade, a score better than 150 reflects shared enthusiasm amongst the reviewers and other panelists for the project and the investigator – that they think the proposed work is technically outstanding, innovative and important, and that they have a high degree of confidence that the applicant will accomplish what they have set out.
While the total number of black PIs receiving this kind of acclaim for their work remains smaller than ideal, these results highlight the growing number of tremendously talented and accomplished black researchers rising through the ranks of American science, and serves as a testament to these individuals' intellect, creativity and hard work. We should celebrate the remarkable success in diversifying American science that their accomplishments represent.
This is important to point out because people reading the paper and most of the discussions surrounding will get the incorrect impression that black scientists face an almost hopeless battle to get funded. And if this misconception were to spread unchecked, it could easily become a self-fulfilling prophesy, with the best students and postdocs reluctant to join labs whose prospects for funding – and thus success – they believe to be low.
Of course the success of some black applicants does not mean that NIH peer review do not give worse scores to grants whose PIs are black than they would to the same proposal from a white scientist. The NIH is (appropriately) doing experiments to investigate this possibility, but, in my service on study sections and other review panels I have never seen anything that suggests race is factoring in to people's decisions in any way. The NIH peer review system has its flaws, but reviewers take the meritocratic ideal seriously and really do try to be fair. Furthermore, most researchers I know share the goal of diversifying the field, and seem unlikely players in the kind of pervasive racism it would take to explain the observed differences in outcome.
I am not arguing that there is no racism in science. I just don't think it manifests itself in the grant review process. Consider, for comparison, the success of women in the granting process. Much has been written about the challenges women face in building successful scientific careers, and few would doubt that misogyny persists in the biomedical sciences. But, as researchers using the same database of NIH grant applications that led to the race results recently concluded in a far less high-profile recent study, success rates for men and women were not significantly different in most award programs. While obviously gender and race are not equivalent, I think this argues that the the NIH peer review process is actually fairly equitable, at least in the narrow sense of scoring grant applications.
So, if I don't believe peer review is pervasively racist, but I believe the data in the paper, I have to believe instead that NIH study sections find that grant applications from black scientists are – on average – marginally less impressive than those of their comparably experienced and accomplished white colleagues. But should this really be that surprising? To expect perfect equity, you have to assume that aspiring black and white scientists have – again, on average – had equally good educational and training opportunities, and that the best and the brightest black students are equally likely to pursue careers in science as their white peers – two things no reasonable person would argue are true. Indeed it is precisely because of these problems that the NIH has put extensive resources into encouraging minorities to enter science and to promote their careers. I strongly support these efforts, but the NIH can not magically erase the effects of disparities in education and research opportunities. And unless you think these efforts have been universally successful, the results presented in this paper should not be surprising.
This is why, rather than looking at the data presented by Ginter et al. as a shocking expose about racism in biomedical science, we should instead look at it as a measure of the progress we've made towards diversifying American science: revealing clear remaining challenges that must be addressed, but also highlighting the tremendous accomplishments of the growing number of black and other traditionally underrepresented biomedical scientists.
And I hope it's not too late to change the message we take from this work. The most disheartening statistic in the paper is not the success rate of black grant applicants, but the fact that there are so few of them (only 1.4% of applications were from black PIs). Rather than discouraging aspiring black scientists by portraying a field filled with insurmountable obstacles, we should emphasize that biomedical science offers them the opportunity to be judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their R01 application.
[reposted from it is NOT junk]
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Comment to "The destructive myopia of the NIH study on grant funding and race"
Shwoobl says:
Interesting. Does the study only compare blacks and whites? Where do the Asians fit in?
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ESMA updated the questions and answers (Q&A) document on the application of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) and the Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directive (UCITS). Three new Q&A on AIFMD and two new Q&A on UCITS have been added.
The AIFMD Q&A address reporting requirements for loans purchased on the secondary market, conversion of the total value of assets under management, and currency of the net asset value. The UCITS Q&A covering topics such as "issuer concentration" and "group links, independence and cooling-off periods" have also been included. The Q&A document is intended to promote common supervisory approaches and practices in relation to both the AIFMD and the UCITS Directive and their implementing measures.


The Self-Titled Album Cover T-Shirt features the iconic artwork from Toto's 2X platinum, first full length release.
The shirt is 100% cotton with a 1X1 set in ribbed collar, and a tear away label.
This is an essential wardrobe addition for every Toto fan.


text:
When Bellevue Had to Evacuate Its Criminally Insane
October 29, 2013 By Erin Haggerty
Water gushing out of a pump during Bellevue's evacuation on Nov. 1. (Photo: Sheri Fink)
Four days after Hurricane Sandy, Bellevue Hospital was without power and running water and people were starting to panic. "It's Bellevue, we're used to crisis," says Dr. Elizabeth Ford, "but this was different. I don't think I've ever panicked in my life but I was starting to worry that we wouldn't get out."
As director of forensic psychiatry at the Kips Bay hospital, Dr. Ford oversees criminals who suffer from major psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and usually psychosis. The majority come from Rikers Island when they're suffering from a medical complication.
On Sunday, the night before Hurricane Sandy struck, Dr. Ford called some of her staff members and asked them to stay near the hospital that night in case they couldn't get to work on Monday. And she asked them to bring flashlights and water. The forensic psychiatric unit had 61 patients in its care. By Tuesday morning Bellevue had lost electricity and water. Bellevue Hospital's fuel pump is located in the basement, which was flooded. Staffers lugged red canisters of gasoline up 13 flights of stairs to feed the back-up generator, which could supply limited power to only the most crucial parts of the hospital.
The National Guard arrived on Tuesday and formed a human bucket brigade to keep the back-up generator fed. "The storm itself was quick." says Dr. Ford. "The aftermath was significant."
For the first four days of the storm Bellevue administrators were instructed by city officials to shelter in place. After the official evacuation order came Wednesday afternoon, the National Guard carried patients out of the hospital on stretchers, sometimes down eighteen flights of stairs. Patients who could safely go home were taken there by ambulance.
Dr. Benard Dreyer, the director of pediatrics, oversaw the evacuation of 20 sick premature babies from the neonatal unit. "Staff carried one baby at a time — they were all on ventilators — down nine flights of stairs. We just did what we had to do," says Dr. Dreyer. Meanwhile, anxious parents were home awaiting news of their newborns' whereabouts.
Moving sick babies is risky, but when Dr. Dreyer called Columbia University Medical Center and Elmhurst Hospital, they were ready for the infants. Dr. Ford faced a different challenge since her patients are criminals. "These are not patients that other city hospitals want. That's just the fact," she says. Finding safe places for them in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy was an enormous undertaking.
Entrance to the Promenade Rehabilitation & Health Center in Rockaway Park. (Photo: Sheri Fink)
The forensic psychiatry division at Bellevue is separated into two units on the 19th floor. A clinical staff and the Department of Corrections work together, in very different roles, to operate the unit. The clinical staff provides "treatment" to "patients" while corrections officers provide "security" to (and from) "inmates."
The unit is divided for a reason – certain patients should not interact with one another – but when Dr. Ford made the decision to combine the two groups on Tuesday morning, the corrections team did not object.
Once the patients and staff were in one place, Dr. Ford held a meeting. "I told them the situation. I said, 'We're going to take care of you. We have everything we need. If you need us let us know. We're all in this together.'"
Laura Raffa, a creative arts therapist on the forensic psychiatric unit, walked patients one by one from one wing to the other, with only a flashlight to guide her. The units were fetid: toilets had been clogged for days. The food supply was running dangerously low. "I made a big pot of chili and brought it in with some chips. It was positively devoured," she says.
Perhaps sensing a low-grade panic among the staff, some of the men became restless. One patient asked Dr. Ford whether the Department of Corrections would remove his handcuffs if he started to drown. Others asked if they could call families they hadn't been in touch with for years. "These guys feel that level of anxiety and vulnerability all the time, and then with the storm they were really wondering, 'are we going to be OK?' and does anyone care?" says Dr. Ford.
On Wednesday, Dr. Ford held another meeting and told her patients that because of the storm, Bellevue was not a safe place to be anymore and they were preparing to transfer everyone to another facility.
Psychiatric patients are usually admitted to a hospital, treated and discharged to a supportive place, ideally with family. Forensic psychiatric patients at Bellevue are typically discharged to Riker's Island. Before they leave the hospital psychiatrists conduct a risk assessment to ascertain how dangerous the discharge site is going to be for the patients: are they likely to be victimized? Are they likely to assault somebody? Are they likely to stop eating and get locked in their cell?
This time, Dr. Ford had to weigh the risk of sending a patient to Rikers against the risk of keeping him in a malfunctioning hospital. "They never want to go back to Rikers," says Dr. Ford, "but at least there they would be guaranteed food, water and light."
By Thursday morning, 26 patients were left on the forensic unit. Dr. Ford decided that these patients, ranging in age from 16 to 65, needed more clinical care and protection than Rikers could provide. After she spent many hours pleading, the Central New York Psychiatric Facility in Utica agreed to take them. At 6 a.m. the patients began the trek out of Bellevue.
The Seaview Manor Home For Adults in Far Rockaway, on Oct. 30, 2012. (Photo: Sheri Fink)
Moving the criminally insane is not like moving other patients. The prisoner-patients donned orange jumpsuits and were daisy-chained (shackled by their ankles) in groups of six. Laura Raffa worried that if one patient fell, he would take the rest down too. Four armed corrections officers — two in the front, two in the back — escorted the men down 19 flights of dimly lit stairs. Outside, a corrections-office bus waited to take them to Utica.
The most stable prisoners were assigned to go first because they would have to wait on the bus the longest, while the more troubled groups came down. The move took almost two hours. "They knew this was important," Dr. Ford says of the patients. "That day was the most cooperative I've ever seen them."
The Department of Corrections does not allow civilians on the bus so nurses followed behind in cars. There would be no stops on the five-hour drive. Dr. Ford recalls getting teary eyed when the bus pulled away. "It just was not an ideal situation," she said.
When they arrived in Utica, the patients were hungry, tired, and after three days with no water, in need of a shower. There were no bathroom breaks on the way and some patients were covered in urine and feces. The Central New York Psychiatric staff was prepared with a hot turkey dinner, then provided showers and flannel pajamas.
Bellevue did not re-open for three months after the evacuation. During that time Dr. Ford visited her patients in facilities around New York. Most wanted to know about their next court date because court dates offer the potential for release. Others, despite being cut off from family a long time ago, wanted Dr. Ford to let their moms know that they were OK.
Hurricane Sandy forced Bellevue and many other institutions around New York City to re-evaluate their disaster response plan. "As far as I know there was no evacuation plan in place before Sandy," says Dr. Ford.
Earlier this month, the New York City Health and Hospital Corporation sent a newsletter stating they were working on infrastructure concerns, communication upgrades and mental health services. Fuel and drinking water pumps will be moved to the first floor and some elevator shafts will be shielded so crucial elevators will function in the event of flooding. A new system will notify people in the event of an emergency via email and cell phone until receipt of the message is acknowledged. In addition, the hospital promises to be prepared to deal with staffers experiencing psychological trauma, by providing post-crisis counseling services.
Sheri Fink, a physician as well as a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist who has written about the impact of disasters on hospitals and medical systems, credits the improvisation of New York's health care community for avoiding a major catastrophe (no one died during the evacuations, unlike at Memorial Medical Center in New Orleans where 45 lives were lost during Hurricane Katrina). But she wonders, after lessons learned from Katrina, "How could other hospitals in a major American city end up without power, their workers fighting to keep alive their most desperately sick patients?"
"We need to think more about the dilemmas we might face and how we can prevent or minimize them. It benefits everyone to prepare," she writes in "Beyond Hurricane Heroics."
Dr. Ford's biggest concern in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy was sending her patients so far away, especially since they are involved in court cases in the city. Laura Raffa agrees and also wants to know exactly which facilities in and around New York City are capable of caring for forensic psychiatric patients. "We need a serious plan," she says. "We can't just ship everyone to Rikers."
Still, both Dr. Ford and Dr. Dreyer agree that the evacuation went as smoothly as possible considering the less than ideal circumstances. Of the actual evacuation itself Dr. Ford says, "In retrospect I would have done it exactly the same."
Tags: bellevue hospital, Beyond, Crime + Community, forensic psychiatry, hurricane sandy, kips bay, sheri fink
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CodeRefactorings;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.LanguageService;

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.ReplaceMethodWithProperty
{
    internal abstract class AbstractReplaceMethodWithPropertyService<TMethodDeclarationSyntax> where TMethodDeclarationSyntax : SyntaxNode
    {
#pragma warning disable CA1822 // Mark members as static - implements interface method for sub-types.
        public async Task<SyntaxNode?> GetMethodDeclarationAsync(CodeRefactoringContext context)
#pragma warning restore CA1822 // Mark members as static
            => await context.TryGetRelevantNodeAsync<TMethodDeclarationSyntax>().ConfigureAwait(false);

        protected static string? GetWarning(GetAndSetMethods getAndSetMethods)
        {
            if (OverridesMetadataSymbol(getAndSetMethods.GetMethod) ||
                OverridesMetadataSymbol(getAndSetMethods.SetMethod))
            {
                return FeaturesResources.Warning_Method_overrides_symbol_from_metadata;
            }

            return null;
        }

        private static bool OverridesMetadataSymbol(IMethodSymbol method)
        {
            for (var current = method; current != null; current = current.OverriddenMethod)
            {
                if (current.Locations.Any(static loc => loc.IsInMetadata))
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        protected static TPropertyDeclaration SetLeadingTrivia<TPropertyDeclaration>(
            ISyntaxFacts syntaxFacts, GetAndSetMethods getAndSetMethods, TPropertyDeclaration property) where TPropertyDeclaration : SyntaxNode
        {
            var getMethodDeclaration = getAndSetMethods.GetMethodDeclaration;
            var setMethodDeclaration = getAndSetMethods.SetMethodDeclaration;
            var finalLeadingTrivia = getAndSetMethods.GetMethodDeclaration.GetLeadingTrivia().ToList();

            //If there is a comment on the same line as the method it is contained in trailing trivia for the parameter list
            //If it's there we need to add it to the final comments
            //this is to fix issue 42699, https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/42699
            AddParamListTriviaIfNeeded(syntaxFacts, getMethodDeclaration, finalLeadingTrivia);

            if (setMethodDeclaration == null)
            {
                return property.WithLeadingTrivia(finalLeadingTrivia);
            }

            finalLeadingTrivia.AddRange(
                setMethodDeclaration.GetLeadingTrivia()
                                    .SkipWhile(syntaxFacts.IsEndOfLineTrivia)
                                    .Where(t => !t.IsDirective));

            //If there is a comment on the same line as the method it is contained in trailing trivia for the parameter list
            //If it's there we need to add it to the final comments
            AddParamListTriviaIfNeeded(syntaxFacts, setMethodDeclaration, finalLeadingTrivia);

            return property.WithLeadingTrivia(finalLeadingTrivia);
        }

        //If there is a comment on the same line as the method it is contained in trailing trivia for the parameter list
        //If it's there we need to add it to the final comments
        private static void AddParamListTriviaIfNeeded(ISyntaxFacts syntaxFacts, SyntaxNode methodDeclaration, List<SyntaxTrivia> finalLeadingTrivia)
        {
            var paramList = syntaxFacts.GetParameterList(methodDeclaration);
            if (paramList != null)
            {
                var trailingTrivia = paramList.GetTrailingTrivia();
                if (trailingTrivia.Any(syntaxFacts.IsRegularComment))
                {
                    // we have a meaningful comment on the parameter list so add it to the trivia list
                    finalLeadingTrivia.AddRange(trailingTrivia);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On Wednesday, I drove somewhere between 4 and 5 hours and then checked in to the Renaissance Waverly in Atlanta Georgia. The beds and linens are to die for, the atrium lobby is gorgeous, the staff has been cheerful, helpful, competent, and polite. That said, I'd like to whine a bit: no refrigerator, no microwave, $20 for breakfast (ow!), and $14.95 per day for internet access (ow, ow, ow, ow!). Luxury is not cheap, apparently, reasonable negotiated room rate notwithstanding.
Developed a sudden and brutal case of camnesia for the first couple of days. It must have something to do with the yarn fumes.
On Thursday, I slept in and had a room service "Waverly breakfast" which was on an enormous tray with nice china, good hot coffee, grapefruit juice squeezed from a real live fresh grapefruit very recently, and two perfectly poached eggs, among a few other things. It arrived on the shoulder of a perfectly polite and well groomed waiter, who called me "Madame" (pronounced ma-DAM) and referred to me in the 3rd person. "Would Madame like anything else?" I felt like the lady of the manor. What luxury! I can't believe I didn't take a picture of it. I may correct that mistake tomorrow morning.
My first class was "Continental Knitting" with Leslye Solomon, and I think she has shown me the way to save myself from further right hand/arm/shoulder/neck repetitive motion knitting injuries. I'd love to post a picture of said highly amusing and effective knitting teacher here, but camnesia prevents. So thank you Leslye! I'm getting smoother at it already.
again, camnesia. But here's a picture of most of what I couldn't leave the market without.
can you tell I like Noro?
On Friday, I met a delightful young lady in the registration area. Tiina is a member of the Atlanta Knitting Guild, who have put in a great deal of effort to get XRX to bring Stitches to Atlanta, and help it run smoothly.
Tiina very graciously kept me company at the fashion show, since we had both come alone. This next photo of the hall outside the ballroom where the show was held does not do justice to the moment. The air was tingly with the collective excitement of hundreds of knitters high on yarn fumes. Or maybe that was just me.
There were as many beautiful knitted garments in the audience as there were on the runway, possibly more. Flash photography wasn't allowed, and here's what kind of photo quality I got in low light with moving subjects.
At the banquet following the show, I made more friends. Most of the knitters I've met here are among the nicest people I may ever meet. I don't know why this is true, but again, I suspect the yarn fumes. If some clever lab nerd could synthesize the substance that produces the chemical effect on the brain, I suspect we'd have a great new "friendly" drug. I also won a door prize! There were I think 27 door prizes at the show, and probably that many or more at the banquet. Amazing.
I'm exhausted, it's late, and this post is already way picture heavy, so more about Saturday and Sunday probably tomorrow. Goodnight, from knitter paradise.


- Satoshi surrounded by lovely Pikachu appeared!
- From GEM Pocket Monsters series, Satoshi appears with a lot of Pikachu!
- From the encounter to the present, we reproduce a warm, tight bond that reminds us of the many hours they have spent.
- Pikachu has plenty of charm, Satoshi has become three-dimensional with plenty of plenty.
- As various Pikachu are arranged so as to surround the two of the center, it is a product that can be enjoyed widely from 360 degrees.
- Decided version of Satoshi and Pikachu, let's expand the world of Pocket Monsters further!


text:
Trend Micro Reports Second Quarter 2014 Results
Trend Micro Incorporated (TYO: 4704;TSE: 4704), a global leader in security software and solutions, announced earnings results for the second quarter 2014, ending June 30, 2014.
For the second quarter, Trend Micro posted consolidated net sales of 27,807 million Yen (or US $272 million, 102.16 JPY = 1 USD). The company posted operating income of 7,119 million Yen (or US $69 million) and net income of 4,726 million Yen (or US $46 million) for the quarter.
As of now, the company will not revise consolidated results for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2014 (released on February 18, 2014). Based on information currently available to the company, consolidated net sales for the year ending December 31, 2014 is expected to be 112,000 million Yen (or US $1,120 million, based on an exchange rate of 100 JPY = 1 USD). Operating income and net income are expected to be 30,100 million Yen (or US $301 million) and 19,100 million Yen (or US $191 million), respectively.
"Our industry leadership in commercial solutions is reinforced this quarter with a top score for breach detection from NSS Labs, as well as the highest overall score for corporate endpoint solutions from AV-Test," said Eva Chen, CEO, Trend Micro. "Our commercial business continues to grow with enhancements to offerings for Microsoft and VMware, and the rollout of a global partner program that will help boost sales efforts to capitalize on these announcements. Trend Micro also demonstrated innovative leadership in response to Heartbleed, and our Facebook partnership has produced a security solution now leveraged by billions of users."
Q2 2014 Business Highlights
Our Trend Micro™ Deep Discovery™ 3.5 solution earned the top score for overall breach detection rate in NSS Labs' Breach Detection Systems (BDS) Group Test. The NSS Security Value Map™ and Comparative Analysis reports evaluated threat detection appliances from six global security companies. Trend Micro also had the second lowest cost of ownership among the field.
In order to help companies transition to the cloud without compromising security, Trend Micro developed major enhancements to the Trend Micro Complete User Protection solution. Updates span PC and mobile endpoints, email and collaboration and Web security to enable integrated visibility and threat response. With mix-and-match support for cloud, hybrid and on-premise deployments, the solution updates are ideal for enterprises and mid-size businesses moving to the cloud.
In response to the Heartbleed bug that affected security features on websites worldwide, Trend Micro announced the release of two free Heartbleed scanners for computers and mobile devices designed to verify whether they are communicating with servers that have been compromised by the Heartbleed bug.
Trend Micro announced enhancements to its Trend Micro™ Worry-Free™ Business Security solution with version 9.0 that equips small businesses with enterprise-grade security capabilities which address and mitigate threats across endpoints, from desktops to mobile. The offering is the only widely available small business solution in the market that provides comprehensive user protection with integrated mobile device security with the option of cloud management.
In AV-Test's endurance evaluation of corporate endpoint solutions, Trend Micro™ OfficeScan™ solution received the highest overall score. The six-month assessment reviewed a field of eight security solutions for small- and medium-sized companies. OfficeScan scored No. 1 overall across the three most important categories to IT Security organizations including protection, performance and usability, earning 17.2 points out of a maximum score of 18. Trend Micro's product also earned the highest score in the performance category.
Trend Micro expanded its strategic relationship with Microsoft Corp to provide organizations with additional security for the Microsoft™ Cloud. This arrangement will help Microsoft users fulfill their security obligations for applications such as SharePoint™ and platforms including Microsoft™ Azure™ and Windows Server™ 2012. In addition to the secure infrastructure that Microsoft already provides, Trend Micro will deliver capabilities for securing cloud and hybrid architectures, offering centralized management and comprehensive protection for data, applications and operating systems.
In order to provide Facebook users with a more secure online experience, Trend Micro announced it expanded its partnership with Facebook to include the Trend Micro™ HouseCall™ solution, a royalty-free security solution that helps detect malware and keep devices secure, for Facebook's more than 1 billion users.
Trend Micro announced a collaboration with Broadcom Corporation to develop an integrated security solution. The solution is optimized to protect home security networks from cyber threats and improve network visibility without compromising performance.
As a long-time VMware security partner, Trend Micro announced a solution for VMware's vCloud® Hybrid Service™ that enables customers to seamlessly move their on-premise or private cloud deployment to the public cloud. Trend Micro™ Deep Security™ solution is designed to reduce cost and complexity and features a comprehensive platform for security controls and policies managed across physical, virtual and cloud environments.
Trend Micro launched its Global Partner Program, designed to further enhance the productivity and profitability of its more than 50,000 channel partners. The program combines the best elements from its regional and award-winning North American programs and enables channel partners to more quickly and fully capitalize on the growing market for Trend Micro security solutions.
Awards and Recognitions for Q2 2014
At the World Media Festival, Trend Micro earned three "2014 intermedia-globe" awards for the company's 2020 video series, including:
Gold Award in the category of Web: Business to Consumer
Grand Award in the category of Web & Web TV
Trend Micro was awarded the following patents in Q2 2014:
Patent 8699796 Use of decision trees or neural networks to identify phrases in images for eastern Asian languages with large char-sets
Patent 8700913 Detection of fake antivirus in computers
Patent 8707437 Techniques for detecting keyloggers in computer systems
Patent 8707417 Driver domain as security monitor in virtualization environment
Patent 8713312 Method for detecting and preventing data modification across kernel of the operating system and user mode spaces
Patent 8725751 Method and apparatus for blocking or blurring unwanted images
Patent 8739283 Automatic generation of malware clean pattern
Patent 8739152 Method and system for version independent software release management
Patent 8763125 Disabling execution of malware having a self-defense mechanism
Patent 8762295 Methods and system for determining licensing/billing fees for computer security software
Patent 8762712 Methods and system for person-to-person secure file transfer
Patent 8763085 Managed virtual machine clone and rollback detection
Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements that are made in this release are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current assumptions and beliefs in light of the information currently available to it, but involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Many important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. These factors include:
Difficulties in addressing new virus and other computer security problems
Timing of new product introductions and lack of market acceptance for new products
The level of continuing demand for, and timing of sales of, existing products
Rapid technological change within the antivirus software industry
Changes in customer needs for antivirus software
Existing products and new product introductions by competitors and pricing of those products
Declining prices for products and services
The effect of future acquisitions on our financial condition and results of operations
The effect of adverse economic trends on principal markets
The effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on our results of operations
An increase in the incidence of product returns
The potential lack of attractive investment targets and
Difficulties in successfully executing our investment strategy
Copyright © 2014 Trend Micro Incorporated. All rights reserved. Trend Micro, the Trend micro t-ball logo, Smart Protection Network and Worry-Free are trademarks or registered trademarks of Trend Micro Incorporated. All other company and/or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners.
Contact: Investor Relations
Tel: +81-3-5334-4899
ir@trendmicro.co.jp
+1 (613) 599-4505 x2274
scott_perry@trendmicro.com


text:
IN THE NEWS THIS WEEK: Peloton PR crisis
December 17, 2021 BlogInsideOutPr
We're sure by now if you haven't watched the Sex and the City (SATC) reboot, you have definitely heard about it. NOTE: spoilers ahead in this article.
The much-anticipated reboot comes after 17 long years, with fans eager to see where Carrie, Samantha, Miranda, Charlotte and the rest of the characters have ended up. The sequel titled 'And Just Like That…' has already received mixed reactions from fans, but the pilot episode has captured the world's attention.
The end of the episode saw a key character die after using a Peloton exercise bike. The American exercise equipment brand was established in 2012 (launching in Australia this year), gaining popularity for its internet-connected stationary bicycles and treadmills. Interest grew during COVID-19 lockdowns as users could join virtual classes and work out in the safety of their own homes.
Following the shocking episode, stock prices for Peloton nose-dived as their PR team went into crisis mode. Their response? A commercial filmed in 48hours bringing the character back to life. Narrated and shared online by Ryan Reynolds, it highlighted the benefits of cardiovascular health and encouraged another ride because "life is too short not too". However, overnight the ad was pulled due to the current alleged sexual assault allegations against SATC actor Chris Noth.
This is not the first time crisis management has been important for the brand, after a "tone-deaf" Christmas ad sparked debate into gender equality in 2019. Peloton was able to correct this situation by bringing in the big guns, Chris Noth and Ryan Reynolds. But perhaps they should have considered the wider social implications of aligning to Noth and researched his entire media commentary first?
As a Sydney PR agency, we understand the use of popular and trustworthy celebrities or influencers to help recover a brand image. But with the backflip on the ad, time will tell if it was enough to regain their reputation and stock prices. It is important for any brand to have a crisis plan in place, whether that involves reactive creative campaigns or just good old PR.
By Claudia Bergen – PR & Influencer Coordinator at InsideOut PR and #AsSeenOn
What we missed in Rugby Australia's homophobia scandal
April 23, 2019 BlogInsideOutPr
Today, Israel Folau's views on the LGBTI community are shockingly clear — according to the controversial rugby star, "hell awaits" them and other "sinners". But just a few short years ago, he was singing a very different tune. In August 2014, the Evangelical Christian and former Mormon was a poster boy for the Bingham Cup, […]
Prince Andrew's invisible Australian tour continues amid Epstein probe controversy
October 3, 2019 BlogInsideOutPr
Even as his nephew Prince Harry dad danced like a gun, defused landmines and threw hand grenades at the media on his tour of South Africa, Prince Andrew is taking a different tack in Australia. … "The controversy around Epstein and the linked relationship has been widely reported," crisis management strategist Nicole Reaney from Sydney's InsideOut […]
IN THE NEWS THIS WEEK: The good, the bad and the questionable… how the world responded to the death of Prince Philip.
This week the world watched as the events following on from the death of Prince Philip on 9 April unfolded. From news reporters dressing in black as a mark of respect to TV channels altering their programme scheduling to broadcast the royal's impressive achievements throughout his life, there was no shortage of coverage on the […]


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Kurds pause in Mosul offensive, say Iraqi Army will advance
Capture a handful of villages to the east of the city
October 18, 2016 12:34 pm | Updated November 17, 2021 06:00 am IST - KHAZER, Iraq
The battle for Mosul, Iraq's second largest city and the IS group's last urban bastion, started on Monday. Photo shows Iraqi forces during the operation.
Iraq's Kurdish forces said on Tuesday they were pausing their advance in Mosul after capturing a handful of villages to the east from Islamic State. Meanwhile, the the Iraqi Army pressed ahead with the next stage of the operation to retake the IS-held city.
Col. Khathar Sheikhan of the Kurdish forces said his troops achieved their objectives and "are just holding our positions" in the Khazer area on Tuesday.
The pause comes after a day of intense fighting in the city, involving airstrikes, heavy artillery and IS car bombs.
The battle for Mosul, Iraq's second largest city and the IS group's last urban bastion, started on Monday. It's expected to take weeks or even months.
A decisive battle for Mosul
Live: aid group says many refugees fleeing to Syria
Iraqi forces launch military push to drive IS from Mosul


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E.IntCr.L.Inst
The European and International Criminal Law Institute
Ε-mail: chrimyl1@otenet.gr
Ι. The European and International Criminal Law Institute
The European and International Criminal Law Institute was founded on January 8, 2015 and has its seat in Athens. It was officially recognized by the Athens Court of Peace with its 24/2015 order and was registered in the Registry Book of Associations with registration number 30500. Its aims are the creation and the dissemination of special knowledge on international, European and comparative criminal law issues.
The European and International Criminal Law Institute came into being out of the need to keep the Greek criminal justice abreast of the rapid and significant development of criminal laws on international level. The evolution of international criminal law did not only influence the abstract formulation of law but also had a major impact on the daily criminal practice.
The concerns and the principles of international criminal law are reflected in a large number of serious criminal cases in Greece as well as in other countries. Ιn a sense they concern every single criminal case, since all criminal judgments are potentially subject to review by the European Court of Human Rights and as of recently by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Besides, the search for the minimum common rules for the fight against the most serious criminal activities that affect modern societies, such as corruption, terrorism and organized crime, takes place within the context of international criminal law.
One of the main goals of the Institute is especially the fight against international corruption. The respective legal problems and challenges have a quasi autonomous presence in the whole discussion among law makers and scholars, due to the their high importance, the vivid interest in this kind of criminality all over the world, the diversity of national legislations and the specific knowledge requested. Furthermore, the combination of numerous branches of science needed (criminal law, economics, sociology etc.) makes the study of the corruption-related problems not only more difficult, but also more challenging. The International Criminal Law of Corruption will be one of the main sessions of the Institute's International Conference in June 2016.
Among the members of the Institute are distinguished Judges and University Professors as well as young scholars with exquisite graduate studies and an aptitude for creation. This is due to the fact that the Institute does not solely intend to promote international criminal law but is deeply concerned about younger jurists who are fighting under adverse conditions with vision, politeness of the soul and aptitude for knowledge. The Institute aspires to serve as a point of reference and to provide them the opportunity to improve and to contribute to the evolution of criminal sciences through seminars, publications and e-learning in collaboration with foreign Universities and Institutes as well as to offer them a forum where they can develop their concerns.
II. The Board of Directors
1. Prof. Christos Mylonopoulos President
2. Ass. Prof. Dimitris Kioupis Vice President
3. Public Prosecutor Dimitris Asprogerakas Secretary General
4. Dr. Stefanos Stanellos Cashier
5. Dr. Ioannis Morozinis Member
ΙΙΙ. The Institute's Scholar Activities
On June 4, 2015 the Institute organized its first Conference on the topic of "Financial Crime with international dimensions" with a general introduction by Mr. Christos Mylonopoulos and speakers Messrs. Georgios Triantafyllou, Dimitri Kioupis, Stefanos Stanellos and Bernd Schünemann. Furthermore, two additional conferences have been scheduled on the following topics: a) "Antiquities and International Criminal Law" on 17.12.2015 and b) "The European Public Prosecutor: Problems and Perspectives" in April 2016.
Finally, the Institute has scheduled an International Conference for June 3-5, 2016 which will be held under the auspices of the President of Democracy with the participation of world renowned scholars.
IV. Members of the Institute
A. Founding members
1. Mylonopoulos Christos, Professor, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lawyer, Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
2. Tentes Ioannis, Emeritus Chief Prosecutor of the Supreme Court (Areios Pagos), form. National Coordinator Against Corruption
3. Konstantinidis Aggelos, Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, Democritian University of Thrace, Lawyer
4. Kioupis Dimitrios, Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lawyer
5. Pantelis Nikolaos, Dep. Prosecutor of the Supreme Court (Areios Pagos)
6. Asprogerakas Dimitrios, Prosecutor Court of Appeals
7. Morozinis Ioannis, Doctor of Laws, University of Munich, Lawyer
8. Triantafyllou Georgios, Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lawyer
9. Ntogiakos Isidoros, Prosecutor Court of Appeals
10. Sofos Themistocles, Doctor of Laws, University of Bonn, Lawyer
11. Stanellos Stefanos, Doctor of Laws, University of Athens, Lawyer
12. Bourmas Georgios, Doctor of Laws, University of Athens, Lawyer
13. Paterakis Nikolaos, Master of Laws, Lawyer
14. Nikolopoulou Christina, Doctor of Laws, University of Athens, Lawyer
15. Billis Emmanouil, Doctor of Laws, University of Freiburg, Lawyer
16. Petropoulos Ioannis, Supreme Court (Areios Pagos) Judge
17. Androulakis Ioannis, Lecturer of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lawyer
18. Dagretzakis Georgios, Master of Laws, Lawyer
19. Kavvouras Georgios, Doctor of Laws, University of Athens, Lawyer
20. Paraskevaidis Konstantinos, Dep. Prosecutor Supreme Court (Areios Pagos)
21. Dimitratos Nikolaos, Associate Professor, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lawyer
22. Sfakianakis Emmanouil, Brigadier Greek Police, Chief Cyber Crime Division
B. New Members
1. Zairi Maria, Dep. Prosecutor Supreme Court (Areios Pagos)
2. Kassimis Georgios, Judge Court of First Instance
3. Dendias Nikos, Lawyer, form. Minister
4. Aggelopoulou Elena, Dep. Prosecutor Court of First Instance
5. Filopoulos Panagiotis, Judge Court of Appeals
6. Panagiotopoulos Panagiotis, Prosecutor Court of Appeals
C. Honorary Members
1. Jesús-María Sánchez, Professor, University of Barcelona
2. Andrea Castaldo, Professor, University of Naples
3. Lloyd Weinreb, Professor, Harvard University
4. Ulrich Sieber, Professor, University of Freiburg, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law
5. Liang Genlin, Professor, University of Beijing
6. Hans Heiner Kühne, Professor, University of Trier
1st International Conference of the Institute, Athens June 3-5, 2016
Towards a Theory of Criminal Law in International Context
Beginning of Attempt and Complicity
Dispositional Concepts and Criminal Law
Christos Mylonopoulos
Professor of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and International Criminal Law at the Law School of the University of Athens, Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts (Salzburg). He is Founder and President of the European and International Criminal Law Institute, Member of the Scintific Council of the Greek Parliamen and Member of the Supreme Special Court (two terms). He taught as visiting Professor International and European Criminal Law at the Law School of the University of Munich and was president or member of numerous legislative committees. He published twelve books and more than 70papers in the field of Criminal Law in Greek, German and English language. Works of him have been translated into Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, French, Italian and Turkish.
Professor of Law , University of Athens - Attorney
Phone: (0030) 2103611337
Fax: (0030) 2103612509
Email: chrimyl1@otenet.gr
9 Valaoritou St., Athens, Greece
Christos Mylonopoulos © 2014 - All Rights Reserved.


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COVID-19 Eviction Guidelines: What Property Managers In Every State Need to Know
By: Homee Team on October 02, 2020
COVID-19 has caused Property Managers across the country to scramble and implement new policies and processes. Many have wondered how they can collect rent safely and if they are allowed to evict tenants who don't pay.
The answer is complicated.
Each state has its own COVID-19 eviction guidelines that expire at different times, and some states have relegated decision-making to city and county governments, meaning the rules vary from district to district.
Find your state to learn its latest rules and discover local resources for Property Managers.
Related: Property Maintenance During COVID-19: Keeping Up & Staying Safe
State COVID-19 Eviction Guidelines
Please note that these COVID-19 eviction guidelines are constantly changing, and the rules are being updated regularly.
Enforcement of evictions was suspended by Governor Kay Ivey during the COVID-19 state of emergency; however, this was set to expire on April 30. As the state begins to open up, Property Managers may be allowed to move forward with the eviction process.
The Alabama Housing Finance Authority has COVID-19 information for renters and multifamily property managers.
As part of the state's COVID-19 Economic Stabilization Plan released on March 20, Governor Mike Dunleavy put a 60-day ban on evictions and foreclosures.
Alaska's COVID-19 response website has several resources for individuals and Property Managers. However, the eviction guidelines default to the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
Governor Doug Ducey issued an executive order on March 18, 2020, delaying all evictions for 120 days. You can read the executive order or visit the Arizona Department of Housing website for guidance.
In early April, evictions were not halted in Arkansas by law, though Governor Asa Hutchinson put a "practical moratorium" on them because the courts were closed and couldn't otherwise process the eviction notices. On April 29, 2020, however, the Arkansas Supreme Court issued a ban on any evictions on properties that receive federal funding until July 25.
On April 6, 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom suspended most evictions, including for federally-funded housing, until the state of emergency ends in California. However, the Governor also granted local cities and counties the ability to take these protections further and issue longer stays on evictions as needed. Property Managers should turn to their municipalities for COVID-19 eviction guidelines. You can also read more on the California Apartment Association's website.
Governor Jared Polis issued an executive order on April 30, 2020, banning evictions for 30 days unless another executive order is issued to extend it. The Colorado Department of Local Affairs has a housing page that Property Managers can turn to for COVID-19 eviction guidelines.
Governor Ned Lamont issued a stay on evictions on April 10, 2020, which extends to July 1. Additionally, landlords must grant tenants a 60-day grace period to pay rent instead of the standard 9-day grace period. Renters can also apply their security deposit to the rent owed. Visit the Connecticut state website for more information on housing for homeowners and renters.
According to the executive order issued on March 24, 2020 by Governor John Carney, evictions are banned until the Delaware state of emergency is lifted. Landlords are also forbidden to charge late fees or interest on rent payments. The state of emergency was extended until further notice on April 6, 2020 by executive order. The Delaware Apartment Association has information about what this means for Property Managers.
Per the District of Columbia Courts website, "all evictions of tenants and foreclosed homeowners are stayed (postponed) during the public health emergency declared by the Mayor." The Office of the Tenant Advocate has updated its website with COVID-19 resources that property Managers can review.
On March 18, 2020, Governor Ron DeSantis issued a 60-day ban on evictions for tenants covered under the Federal Housing Administration. The Florida Apartment Association has guidelines for re-opening and working with residents during COVID-19.
The Georgia State Supreme Court extended a ban on non-emergency proceedings until May 13, 2020, which includes eviction hearings. The City of Atlanta issued its own eviction suspensions in lieu of a state guideline. Other cities may have issued their own orders as well.
Governor David Ige issued an executive order banning evictions as long as the state is under a state of emergency, but may extend the ban beyond that if necessary. Hawaii has a 37% unemployment rate due to Coronavirus, which means many residents will be unable to pay their rent even once the state opens up. The Legal Aid Society of Hawaii has resources for renters who need to know their rights, but Property Managers can also use these resources to develop their best practices moving forward.
Evictions for nonpayment were halted until April 15, 2020 as the courts in Idaho were shut down. However, Landlords were still able to file evictions that could be processed later. This is an instance where towns and counties may have interpreted the law differently, and Property Managers should default to these guidelines instead.
As of April 23, 2020, evictions are paused in Illinois through the executive order of Governor J. B. Pritzker. The website Housing Action Illinois has a section specifically for Housing Providers and Managers that can be used to guide an eviction strategy legally.
Governor Eric Holcomb placed a ban on evictions starting March 19, 2020 and ending on May 1, 2020. However, Property Managers still need to follow federal guidelines from the CARES relief bill, which prohibits evictions on properties covered by federal aid until July 25. The Indiana state website has a page dedicated to eviction and foreclosure prevention, including resources for property managers and the latest news because of COVID-19.
Governor Kim Reynolds placed a ban on evictions through April 16, 2020, though FHA-funded housing is protected through July 25. The Iowa supreme court allowed eviction hearings to be pushed back until after May 4.
Governor Laura Kelly recently extended the state's ban on evictions via executive order during the COVID-19 pandemic to May 31, with the provision that she may extend it again depending on the number of Coronavirus cases in the state. The National Apartment Association has a page dedicated to resources within the state of Kansas.
According to an executive order by Governor Andy Beshear on March 25, 2020, evictions are suspended for the duration of the state of emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has hit Kentucky particularly hard, with 70% of Lexington landlords reporting at least one or more tenants who could not pay rent in April.
On May 14, Governor John Bel Edwards confirmed that the stay on evictions will extend through at least June 5. With the announcement, the Governor encouraged renters to pay what they can when they can, and added that the state "can't continue to suspend this forever."
Governor Janet Mills issued an executive order banning evictions as long as her jurisdiction is under a state of emergency. She also introduced a new rental assistance relief program through MaineHousing with a budget of $5 million. Eligible renters can receive a one-time $500 payment to be paid directly to the landlord.
On April 3, 2020, Governor Lawrence Hogan extended his executive order to protect both residential and commercial renters until the state of emergency is over. The Maryland Attorney General has a FAQ page that is regularly updated with answers for renters and Property Managers.
Governor Charlie Baker issued an executive order banning most residential evictions for 120 days or 45 days from when the state of emergency is lifted. MassLandlords.net has resources for Property Managers to help follow the COVID-19 eviction guidelines.
Governor Gretchen Whitmer originally signed an executive order banning evictions until April 17, 2020. However, this order continues to get extended as the pandemic continues. Most recently, the Governor pushed back the order to June 11, 2020.
Governor Tim Walz issued an executive order on March 24, 2020 that bans evictions until the end of the COVID-19 peacetime emergency. The Minnesota Housing website has copies of these executive orders along with resources for residents and Property Managers. There is also information on the federal response to housing during the pandemic.
Governor Ted Reeves announced that evictions may resume in his state on June 1, 2020. Individuals can read about housing assistance through the Mississippi Emergency Management Agency.
While there was no state directive against stopping evictions, many cities and municipalities (including St. Louis and Jackson County) issued their own rules. For more information on COVID-19 eviction guidelines, turn to the Missouri Housing Development Commission and the St. Louis Housing Authority.
The Montana housing authority under the Department of Commerce has up-to-date information on evictions during COVID-19. For example, the ban on evictions was extended to May 24, 2020 and may be further extended depending on the state of the economy and the pandemic at that time.
Governor Pete Ricketts issued an executive order banning evictions until May 31, 2020. Along with the state response, there have been multiple local directives issued. For example, the Omaha Housing Authority has guidelines for city residents and Property Managers.
Governor Steve Sisolak placed a moratorium on all evictions in the state until May 31, 2020. Turn to the Nevada Housing Division for COVID-19 resources.
Governor Chris Sununu issued an executive order preventing evictions during the state of emergency. Housing Action New Hampshire and New Hampshire Housing both have resources to guide Property Managers and help residents.
On March 19, 2020, Governor Philip Murphy issued an executive order preventing evictions "for no longer than two months following the end of the public health emergency or state of emergency." For Property Managers trying to learn their rights, the New Jersey Apartment Association has several resources for managing employees and working with your residents.
The state Supreme Court of New Mexico issued a stay on eviction notices on March 24, 2020. There is no set date – only "until amended or withdrawn by future order of the Court." Housing New Mexico has an updated COVID-19 response page with a section specifically for property owners and managers.
The state of New York has one of the strongest protections in place for residents. Evictions are suspended in the state until August 20, 2020. Commercial tenants are also protected. For New York City-specific guidelines, the NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development has resources in multiple languages for both tenants and property owners.
The North Carolina courts have been leading the drive to prevent evictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 2, 2020, the Supreme Court of the State of North Carolina postponed all district court proceedings until June 1, 2020. This means that while Property Managers can file eviction notices, they may not get processed or heard until June. Check out the North Carolina Housing Finance Agency for more information on available options.
The North Dakota Supreme Court paused eviction hearings until further notice as of March 26, 2020. The North Dakota state website has several resources on evictions and rental payments. This includes information on the new Emergency Rent Bridge for eligible renters.
Ohio is a state where local municipalities issued eviction suspensions when the state would not. As of March 30, 2020, the state Supreme Court decided to temporarily continue eviction filings and foreclosure judgments. The Ohio Housing Finance Agency has guidelines for issuing evictions statewide along with resources for residents. Check local city and county ordinances for more information.
Oklahoma Chief Justice Noma D. Gurich suspended all courts from March 27, 2020 through May 15, 2020. This means there could be a significant backlog of eviction filings that were submitted during this time. For COVID-19 resources and guidelines, visit the Oklahoma state website.
Governor Kate Brown issued an executive order suspending eviction notices for 90 days unless extended by the Governor. This means the order is in effect until June 20, 2020. Certain municipal regions, like Multnomah County and Beaverton County, issued similar notices. The Oregon Housing and Community Services website prominently features resources for COVID-19.
All eviction proceedings are suspended until July 10, 2020, as ordered by Governor Tim Wolf. This executive order was issued on March 6, 2020, along with several state Supreme Court rulings to temporarily halt eviction hearings. Turn to the Housing Alliance of Pennsylvania for more information.
The state Supreme Court of Rhode Island issued a suspension of nonessential court business (including eviction hearings) until May 17, 2020. This is in agreement with Governor Gina Raimondo's protection plan for the state. Rhode Island Housing is a great place to start for learning more about COVID-19 eviction guidelines.
Evictions within the state of South Carolina may move forward as of May 15, 2020. The SCHousing site has several resources for multifamily housing Property Managers as well as guidelines for renters.
South Dakota made no known suspensions on evictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Property Managers can learn more about their rights through the National Apartment Association.
The Tennessee Supreme Court limited in-person court proceedings until May 31, 2020. However, some city ordinances may be issued to limit evictions beyond this. Turn to the Tennessee Office of the Governor for resources and information.
Evictions and debt collection may resume as of May 18, 2020. However, some county and city governments (like Travis County) may issue their own ordinances. Turn to the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs for updates.
Evictions were suspended until May 15, 2020 under an executive order by Governor Gary Herbert. The Utah Housing Coalition has a whole site dedicated to COVID-19 resources for both residents and Property Managers.
The Vermont Senate voted to delay evictions until the state of emergency ends in its first ever remote vote on April 10, 2020. Governor Phil Scott was supportive of the legislation. Turn to the Vermont Agency of Commerce for more resources.
Eviction hearings resumed in Virginia the week of May 18, 2020 after a two-month suspension. Housing Virginia has toolkits for both residents and Property Managers to navigate their rights during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Eviction hearings are suspended in the state of Washington until at least June 4, 2020 by executive order of Governor Jay Inslee. The Rental Housing Association of Washington has guidelines for housing providers and renters during the COVID-19 crisis.
West Virginia opened its courts back up on May 18, 2020 and experts expect an overwhelming number of eviction notices from landlords across the state. Our Future West Virginia has resource hubs for housing help and financial programs during this time.
On March 27, 2020, Governor Tony Evers issued an executive order placing a 60-day hold on eviction hearings. This is set to expire on May 26, 2020. Look for local city resources for help with COVID-19. For example, the City of Madison has several resources to reference.
All in-court proceedings are suspended by the Wyoming Supreme Court until May 31, 2020. This includes eviction hearings. Check out the Wyoming Community Development Authority for property management resources during this time.
About HOMEE
At HOMEE, we help Property Managers stay informed about the latest best practices and guidelines for property maintenance. Our services make it easy to manage maintenance teams, prioritize repairs, and keep properties as welcoming and as safe as possible. Request a demo to see how HOMEE's desktop solution and mobile app can help put your property maintenance on auto-pilot.
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Real UK death rate is much larger than official figures
Thread: Real UK death rate is much larger than official figures
sasguru
Better than AtW
sasguru - scorchio!
According to this, which suggests 47,000 dead. It takes into account non-Covid deaths that are caused by Covid (e.g. cancer pats who are not treated or stroke patients who are afraid to go to hospital and die). The data suggests these non-Covid excess deaths are quite a substantial proportion of the excess deaths.
Subscribe to read | Financial Times
Ok political issues aside, from a scientific basis why is the UK rate so high?
It's high in Belgium too, because old-age care homes were more affected than any other country (75% of deaths by one estimate) and they count those.
But the UK isn't including care homes in the stats? Or is it? Edit: just realised they are not included.
Is it a high rate of obesity? Data suggests this a big risk factor.
More underlying conditions in UK pop? Higher alcohol consumption levels?
From a scientific point of view it's quite curious.
Last edited by sasguru; 30th April 2020 at 11:46.
Hard Brexit now!
#prayfornodeal
FT Article quoted below to get the gist:
"The coronavirus pandemic appears to be killing more than twice the number of people recorded in daily figures from hospitals, according to the latest official death statistics for England and Wales.
The data suggest the extent of the crisis is deeper than previously thought, particularly in care homes — where a third of all deaths were recorded in the week to April 17.
In that week, 22,351 deaths were registered in England and Wales, according to the Office for National Statistics, the highest figure since comparable weekly data started in 1993 and worse than any figure in similar data of the past 50 years. The average for the comparable week from 2015-2019 was 10,497.
Since the beginning of March, there have been 27,015 more deaths registered up to April 17 than the five-year average for the time of year.
With an average delay of four days between someone dying and their death being registered, the figures relate to the period to April 13, during which the government said there had been 11,408 deaths of people testing positive for coronavirus in English and Welsh hospitals.
Column chart of England & Wales showing weekly death registrations have risen to the highest on record
If data are included from Scotland and Northern Ireland, where the dates do not entirely match, 29,751 excess deaths were recorded by mid-April, far above the government's latest daily running total of 21,678.
The official figures verified Financial Times modelling that suggested 41,000 people across the UK had died by last Tuesday either directly or indirectly as a result of coronavirus, with the death registrations higher than expected by the FT's model.
With almost 30,000 excess deaths by mid-April across the UK, approximately two weeks ago, the number of total deaths now is likely to be about 47,000, according to the FT model.
Much of the increase in deaths has been recorded in care homes. In the week to April 17, 7,316 deaths were recorded in care homes, compared with an average of 2,154 for that week in care homes over the past five years. The fact that excess deaths in care homes were 5,000 more than the long-term average in one week suggests the crisis in the care sector is even deeper than previously feared.
The ONS said the number of deaths in care homes had been rising as a proportion of total deaths, adding that the peak of the epidemic in care homes appeared to be later than that in hospitals. "We are starting to see more deaths occurring in private homes and care homes," it said.
Chart showing weekly deaths in England and Wales have reached an all-time high
In the latest week of registrations, 33 per cent of all deaths occurred in care homes, compared with the average for the past five years of 22 per cent, the ONS said.
Matt Hancock, health secretary, said on Tuesday that from Wednesday the government would update daily death figures to include those in care homes and the community.
The new daily figures for deaths in all settings will, however, only count those who had been tested positive for coronavirus before they died, a condition that will not include many people who died in their own homes or in care homes.
The ONS figures show that many deaths in care homes are not recorded as linked to Covid-19 on death certificates, suggesting that residents died of other causes or that doctors were reluctant to name coronavirus on death certificates for the very frail.
Nick Stripe, head of life events at the ONS, said it was too early to know exactly what was happening, although it was likely to be a combination of sick people not being transferred to hospitals and people dying of Covid-19 but not showing the normal symptoms.
Ian Hudspeth, chairman of the Local Government Association's community wellbeing board, said: "It is truly shocking to see how many of the most elderly and vulnerable in our communities have died from this dreadful disease".
"We are also yet to see the peak of the stress on the social care system, due to the delay between hospital admissions and discharge, which will require the need to start shifting capacity across from hospitals and into the community to meet a surge in demand," he added.
Martin Green, chief executive of Care England, which represents private care home providers, said the statistics showed that "care homes are on the frontline and need to be at the centre of the government's action".
In Scotland, the government is requiring people returning to care homes from hospital to be tested twice to reduce the chance of false negatives. "If the scientific evidence tells us they need to do that in Scotland, we need to know why the guidance is different in England," Mr Green said.
Carl Heneghan, professor of evidence-based medicine at Oxford university, criticised any decision to move infectious people into care homes. "Clinically, it just doesn't make any sense whatsoever to put a person with an active infection into a home setting where other people are in significant numbers and are vulnerable."
Care providers also said the sharp increase in deaths in care homes highlighted the need for real-time daily data and for that to be included in the overall daily figure quoted by the government. This would enable the government to understand the severity and trajectory of the pandemic and to provide ways to defeat it, they said.
Both in care homes and the community, the rise in death registrations outstrips the rise in death certificates that mention coronavirus. This suggests that doctors are misrecording deaths caused by the disease and that people are dying from other conditions indirectly linked to the outbreak.
NHS England said on Monday that 15,293 people had died in English hospitals after testing positive for coronavirus by April 17. Using unpublished estimates, the ONS said the number of people in England who had died with coronavirus on death certificates was running at 21,284 up to April 17, almost 40 per cent higher.
jayn200
jayn200 has more data than eek
I don't dispute anything in the article you posted but your title is so wrong I have to correct it.
Death rate in the context of Covid-19 is the case fatality rate. The "Real" UK death rate is significantly lower than the Official death rate due to limitations of testing. Reported cases do not include asymptomatic cases who haven't been tested which are hard to quantity at this moment and more importantly they don't even include symptomatic "likely" cases that have been reported to government but not admitted to hospital which there is available data.
SimonMac
TykeLike
SimonMac is always on top
God's Own Republic Of Yorkshire
Originally Posted by sasguru
How do we know it's high? What's to say other countries reported numbers are different from actual numbers, it will be impossible discover the full impact of the pandemic while it's still on going.
We won't know for years the real relative numbers
― Marcus Aurelius
Originally Posted by jayn200
I agree we will not know the IFR for some time, but even so the CFR in the UK is very high, even allowing for the lack of testing.
It's a possibility that many more people are infected in the Uk than we think (in which case the IFR would be low), but data coming out of China right now suggests that wasn't the case.
Originally Posted by SimonMac
See my answer above. The death rates (IFR or CFR) are going to vary from country to country because of different variables but for example the rates from Germany and UK are so drastically different that I believe in the end they'll only be explained by something fundamental.
The Spanish flu also saw widely varying death rates within countries as well as between countries.
And the reasons why are sometimes quite interesting and not explained by data collection.
IR35 Avoider
IR35 Avoider is good enough for Jehovah!
Here's a link to the FT figures tracking the pandemic. (No subscription required.) From today, in addition to reporting hospital deaths, they are measuring the excess deaths in a whole variety of countries, although data isn't always comparable. (They only have data for parts of Italy, for example.) Haven't really compared figures, would be surprised if the UK has more unofficial deaths than other counties.
(By excess deaths I mean simply how many more people than expected are dying, which will probably give you the best figure you can get for coronavirus impact, as it means testing has no effect on the figures, and other impacts are also measured. e.g. extra people dying because cancer not treated, fewer traffic deaths due to lockdown, etc.)
Coronavirus tracked: the latest figures as countries fight to contain the pandemic | Free to read | Financial Times
You can see official UK data for this in the following reports which are updated every Thursday. You can get to underlying ONS data in a spreadsheet by clicking on a link in reports.
Weekly all-cause mortality surveillance: 2019 to 2020 - GOV.UK
I see the latest report is the first one in which excess deaths are falling again.
Link to FT free coronavirus coverage
Coronavirus: free to read | Financial Times
Last edited by IR35 Avoider; 30th April 2020 at 13:28.
elsergiovolador
elsergiovolador is a permanent contractor
Do you have any more reputable source?
Originally Posted by elsergiovolador
I don't have any academic sources as not surprisingly its early days.
But I was looking at the EUROMOMO data which largely mirrors John Hopkins University although they slice and dice it in different ways.
And there is something quite different about UK (edit: England not Uk) data if you look closely.
Graphs and maps — EUROMOMO
Coronavirus: England's 'excess deaths' among the highest in Europe | UK News | Sky News
"England recorded the highest number of excess deaths anywhere in Europe for three consecutive weeks (week 14, 15 and 16).
Since week 13, the excess deaths in England has been well over 15 points above the normal average - which is the level at which EuroMOMO says there has been an extreme high excess of mortality.
England has recorded more than 40 points above the average for the last two weeks.
Although Spain, Italy and Belgium have also recorded considerably high excess of mortality, none of them have scored more than 40 points."
I see no reason to doubt this data, but clearly it must be treated with caution.
Not trying to make any political point here, just very curious.
*Seems to be just England not Wales NI or Scotland.
shaunbhoy
Suffers Fools...Badly!
shaunbhoy is always on top
From a scientific point of view, YOU are quite curious.
Doesn't make you any less dull and tedious though.
HTH BIDI
"The period of the disintegration of the European Union has begun. And the first vessel to have departed is Britain"
accountant agency contract contract advice contract breach contractor covid-19 director dividends expat_twats expenses furlough guinea pigs hmrc ir35 limited company liquidation loan charge longlivemiscegenation monday links mvl paye prayforbr14 tax trigger warning umbrella umbrella companies universal credit vat you are all inside


Barely a week in the Year of the Tiger, a Tiger has attracted the focus of the world by making his first public appearance after the explosion of details regarding his personal life. Yes, it is about what Tiger Woods said last night.
Tiger Woods faced the public again last night after disappearing when his cars met an accident and, as what the old saying says, the rest was history. The transcript of his public statement could be read here.
What interest me was the part when he explained why he did what he did. "I felt that I had worked hard my entire life and deserved to enjoy all the temptations around me. I felt I was entitled".
While the explanation was brief, the lesson learnt was huge.
How many of successful persons feel the same? The fact that they worked hard to arrive at where they are, this sense of entitlement could be very tempting and rational to justify why they can cross the line. For a politician for example, this could mean using his position to benefit financially because he believes he deserves the rewards for his contribution to the society. The same could apply for senior government servants and corporate players.
I trust we should also reflect on the experience of Tiger, and see whether we could fall on the same trap, feeling entitled based on our hard work and contribution.
Perhaps, the confession of this Tiger provides other "Tigers" with guidance and opportunity to reflect, and avoid the trap that appears to be real and dangerous.
Interesting comment, definately thought provoking.


text:
anti-retroviral agents (2)
pediatric aids clinical trials group (2)
immunologic deficiency syndromes (1)
nelfinavir (1)
nevirapine (1)
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (1)
Electronic Articles (1)
Paul Krogstad
Antibiotic Prescription With Asthma Medications: Why Is It So Common?
Rita Mangione-Smith, MD, MPH, Paul Krogstad, MS, MD
Neuropsychological Functioning and Viral Load in Stable Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced HIV-Infected Children
Rita J. Jeremy, PhD, Soyeon Kim, ScD, Molly Nozyce, PhD, Sharon Nachman, MD, Kenneth McIntosh, MD ...
Pediatrics (2005) 115 (2): 380–387.
Objective. Neuropsychological functioning and its correlation with viral load were investigated for previously treated HIV-infected children who underwent a change in treatment regimen. Methods. Thirteen age-appropriate measures of cognitive, neurologic, and behavioral functioning were administered to 489 HIV-infected children who were aged 4 months to 17 years and had been treated previously for at least 16 weeks with antiretroviral therapy. These clinically and immunologically stable children were randomized onto 1 of 7 drug treatment combinations, 6 of which included a protease inhibitor (PI), and evaluated prospectively for 48 weeks with respect to changes in neuropsychological performance and viral load. Results. Neuropsychological functioning was significantly poorer at baseline for the HIV-infected children as compared with established norms for their age. Children with higher viral load had poorer cognitive, both-hands fine-motor, and neurologic signs at baseline, but single-hand fine-motor and behavioral functioning were not correlated with viral load. After 48 weeks of treatment with PI-containing combination therapy, there was significant improvement in only the vocabulary score. Neuropsychological changes did not differ among the 6 PI-containing combination regimens. At week 48, even children with a viral load response below the level of detection (RNA ≤400 copies/mL) still showed poorer neuropsychological functioning compared with established norms. Conclusion. Poor neuropsychological functioning was seen for HIV-infected children and was worse for children with higher viral loads. Only 1 measure of neuropsychological functioning showed improvement after treatment with PI-containing combination therapy, and the extent of that improvement was relatively minor. Treatment strategies for children with HIV disease need to be reevaluated so that they consider restoration of neuropsychological functioning in addition to lowering the viral load.
Nelfinavir Pharmacokinetics in Stable Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Children: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 377
Leslie Carstensen Floren, PharmD, Andrew Wiznia, MD, Sandra Hayashi, PharmD, Anura Jayewardene, PhD, Kenneth Stanley, PhD ...
Pediatrics (2003) 112 (3): e220–e227.
Objective. Pharmacokinetic data obtained from children who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are essential for the safe and effective use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric populations. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of body weight on the pharmacokinetic disposition of nelfinavir (NFV) in the absence and presence of nevirapine (NVP) and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of twice-daily (BID) and three-times-daily (TID) NFV regimens. Methods. This was an intensive pharmacokinetic substudy nested in a phase II, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. Forty-five HIV-infected children receiving NFV 30 mg/kg TID and 6 HIV-infected children receiving NFV 55 mg/kg BID were enrolled in this study and assigned to 1 of 4 stavudine-containing regimens, 3 containing NFV and 2 containing NVP. Area under the plasma concentration-time curves from 0 to 8 hours (AUC0–8 hours) and from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0–12 hours) for the TID and BID regimens, respectively, were determined. For comparative purposes, the AUC0–24 hours was also calculated for each regimen. Results. NFV exposure in the absence of NVP was decreased in children who were <25 kg compared with those who were >25 kg (a 2.6-fold difference in median AUC0–8 hours). NFV pharmacokinetics in the presence of NVP did not differ between the <25 kg and >25 kg groups. The AUC0–24 hours for children who were <30 kg and on NFV BID was comparable to the AUC0–24 hours for children who were >25 kg and on NFV TID but was 2.7-fold greater than AUC0–24 hours for children who were <25 kg and on NFV TID. Conclusions. NFV in the absence of NVP resulted in less than half the drug exposure in children who were <25 kg compared with children who were >25 kg. NFV dosed at 55 mg/kg BID in children who are <30 kg provides comparable exposure to that measured in children who are >25 kg and receiving NFV 30 mg/kg TID.
The Relationship Between Perceived Parental Expectations and Pediatrician Antimicrobial Prescribing Behavior
Rita Mangione-Smith, MD, Elizabeth A. McGlynn, PhD, Marc N. Elliott, PhD, Paul Krogstad, MD, Robert H. Brook, MD
Context. Despite growing concern over the escalating antimicrobial resistance problem, physicians continue to inappropriately prescribe. It has been suggested that a major determinant of pediatrician antimicrobial prescribing behavior is the parental expectation that a prescription will be provided. Objectives. To explore the extent to which parental previsit expectations and physician perceptions of those expectations are associated with inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing; and to explore the relationship between fulfillment of expectations and parental visit-specific satisfaction. Design. Previsit and postvisit survey of parents and postvisit survey of physicians. Setting. Two private pediatric practices, one community based and one university based. Participants. Ten physicians (response rate = 77%), and a consecutive sample of 306 eligible parents (response rate = 86%) who were attending sick visits for their children between October 1996 and March 1997. Parents were screened for eligibility in the waiting rooms of the two practices and were invited to participate if they spoke and read English and their child was 2 to 10 years old, had a presenting complaint of ear pain, throat pain, cough, or congestion, was off antimicrobial therapy for the past 2 weeks, and was seeing one of the participating physicians. Main Outcome Measures. Antimicrobial prescribing decision, probability of assigning a bacterial diagnosis, and parental visit-specific satisfaction. Results. Based on multivariate analysis, physicians' perceptions of parental expectations for antimicrobials was the only significant predictor of prescribing antimicrobials for conditions of presumed viral etiology; when physicians thought a parent wanted an antimicrobial, they prescribed them 62% of the time versus 7% of the time when they did not think the parent wanted antimicrobials. However, physician antimicrobial prescribing behavior was not associated with actual parental expectations for receiving antimicrobials. In addition, when physicians thought the parent wanted an antimicrobial, they were also significantly more likely to give a bacterial diagnosis (70% of the time versus 31% of the time). Failure to meet parental expectations regarding communication events during the visit was the only significant predictor of parental satisfaction. Failure to provide expected antimicrobials did not affect satisfaction. Conclusions. The antibiotic resistance epidemic should lead to immediate replication of this study in a larger more generalizable population. If inaccurate physician perceptions of parent desires for antimicrobials for viral infections are confirmed, then an intervention to change the way physicians acquire this set of perceptions should be undertaken.


I had the honor of photographing both of their weddings. I got all giddy when they both asked me and of course I said, "Absolutely". It's kind of hard when you know the family as you don't get to participate in a lot of the festivities because you have to actually work while everyone else is having a good time. Well, I made sure I had a good time at both of these weddings. I even got out on the dance floor at my oldest niece's wedding, which was on Halloween! More about that one in another post, but for now…..
I loved everything about this wedding! My niece, Catie, had everything all coordinated and planned months prior to the wedding. Well, let me first tell you, she married the pastor's daughter, so she kinda had some help from the congregation LOL.
The wedding and the reception were at the church, which made it really simple for pictures. I had found a beautiful Sycamore tree out front and I knew it would be the perfect spot to do some of the outside shots. I even brought my old church pew that I have in my house for everyone to sit on. I love it!
The table centerpieces were super cute! Cut tree trunks were used as the base and then a mason jar with daisies, a tea lite candle and a simple burlap flower. I love how less is more!
The cake! Wow, it was beautiful too! I loved the groom's cake for sure! Who doesn't like cookies and milk? They had oreo cookies layered in the shape of a cake and served milk in little shot glasses! The bride's cake was so sweet and simple. Traditional with butter-cream frosting and burlap bands with simple flowers on the top. LOVE!
The day could not have been complete without the hay bale couches! These were layered with old family quilts that gave these the perfect touch!
Now, on to processing their photos. I'm so blessed to see the woman that my niece has become and so excited to have her new hubby as a part of our family. They already purchased a home and can't wait to have a family cook-out when they get it all fixed up! So proud of them!!!!
Congratulations Mr. & Mrs. Kyle Clements!!!


text:
Air Pollution Tied to Hospitalizations for Wide Range of Illnesses
Older adults who are exposed to tiny particles in air pollution for just a day or two are more likely to be hospitalized for a wide variety of common health problems, a U.S. study suggests.
Researchers focused on so-called PM 2.5, a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter that can include dust, dirt, soot and smoke. They confirmed previously-known links between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and an increased risk of hospitalization and death from heart and lung diseases, diabetes, and clots in the large veins of the legs. They also found new links between short-term exposure and increased hospitalizations for conditions ranging from sepsis to kidney failure.
The study team examined hospital data for Medicare patients nationwide from 2000 to 2012. They focused on 214 different health conditions, and looked at data on average air pollution levels the day before and the day of each hospitalization based on patients' home zip codes.
"We discovered several previously unknown but common diseases among older adults, such as fluid and electrolyte disorders, septicemia, anemia, urinary tract infections, and renal failure, even when daily PM2.5 concentrations were below the current World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines," said lead study author Yaguang Wei, an environmental health researcher at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston.
"PM2.5 is composed of tiny solids and liquids floating in the air and once inhaled, these particles can pass through the respiratory system, sneak into the blood and circulatory system, and cause serious health problems," Wei said by email.
"The most consistent and dangerous health effects identified have been cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which are the leading causes of hospitalization, emergency room visit, and even death," Wei added.
Under WHO guidelines issued in 2005, people shouldn't be exposed to average PM 2.5 levels over 24 hours that exceed 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air (ug/m3).
Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with an increased risk of several common causes of hospital admissions including sepsis or septicemia, a life-threatening reaction to a bacterial infection in the bloodstream; fluid and electrolyte disorders; kidney failure; and intestinal obstructions. These diseases have rarely been studied in the context of PM 2.5 and hospitalizations, the study team writes in The BMJ.
For these rarely-studied diseases, each 1 ug/m3 increase in short-term average fine particulate matter levels was associated with an average annual increase of 2,050 hospital admissions, 12,216 total days in the hospital and $31 million in hospital and post-acute care costs.
Air pollution levels below safety standards set by WHO were also associated with an increased risk of hospitalizations for conditions like cardiovascular and respiratory disorders that have previously been tied to PM 2.5.
For these diseases previously linked to air pollution, each 1 ug/m3 increase in short-term average fine particulate matter levels was associated with an average annual increase of 3,642 hospital admissions, 20,098 total days in the hospital and $69 million in hospital and post-acute care costs.
Costs attributable to short-term air pollution exposure are likely far higher, said study co-author Francesca Dominici, also a public health researcher at Harvard.
"The major limitation of this study was that costs incurred after discharge, such as drug costs, readmission costs and outpatient costs could not be fully captured," Dominici said by email.
People may not be able to avoid exposure to air pollution, but they can still take some precautions, said Matthew Loxham of the University Hospital Southampton in the UK.
"All people, but especially those who have underlying health conditions which may be exacerbated by air pollution, such as heart/cardiovascular conditions, asthma, COPD, should look for local air quality levels and associated guidance, which may suggest closing windows, or avoiding strenuous outdoor exercise," Loxham, who co-authored an editorial accompanying the study, said by email.
"Furthermore, both patients and medical practitioners should be aware of the impact poor air quality can have on exacerbation of disease, to better understand and perhaps to better treat such flare-ups," Loxham said.
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Title 18. CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Part I. CRIMES
Chapter 11. BRIBERY, GRAFT, AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
18 U.S. Code CHAPTER 11— BRIBERY, GRAFT, AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
§ 201. Bribery of public officials and witnesses
§ 202. Definitions
§ 203. Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and others in matters affecting the Government
§ 204. Practice in United States Court of Federal Claims or the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by Members of Congress
§ 205. Activities of officers and employees in claims against and other matters affecting the Government
§ 206. Exemption of retired officers of the uniformed services
§ 207. Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches
§ 208. Acts affecting a personal financial interest
§ 209. Salary of Government officials and employees payable only by United States
§ 210. Offer to procure appointive public office
§ 211. Acceptance or solicitation to obtain appointive public office
§ 212. Offer of loan or gratuity to financial institution examiner
§ 213. Acceptance of loan or gratuity by financial institution examiner
§ 214. Offer for procurement of Federal Reserve bank loan and discount of commercial paper
§ 215. Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans
§ 216. Penalties and injunctions
§ 217. Acceptance of consideration for adjustment of farm indebtedness
§ 218. Voiding transactions in violation of chapter; recovery by the United States
§ 219. Officers and employees acting as agents of foreign principals
§ 220. Illegal remunerations for referrals to recovery homes, clinical treatment facilities, and laboratories
[§§ 221, 222. Renumbered §§ 216, 217]
[§ 223. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–849, § 1(c), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1125]
§ 224. Bribery in sporting contests
§ 225. Continuing financial crimes enterprise
§ 226. Bribery affecting port security
§ 227. Wrongfully influencing a private entity's employment decisions by a Member of Congress or an officer or employee of the legislative or executive branch
2018—Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, § 8122(b), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4110, added item 220.
2012—Pub. L. 112–105, § 18(b), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 304, inserted "or an officer or employee of the legislative or executive branch" after "Congress" in item 227.
2007—Pub. L. 110–81, title I, § 102(c), Sept. 14, 2007, 121 Stat. 739, added item 227.
2006—Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 309(b), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 242, added item 226.
2003—Pub. L. 108–198, § 2(b), Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2900, added items 212 and 213 and struck out former items 212 "Offer of loan or gratuity to bank examiner" and 213 "Acceptance of loan or gratuity by bank examiner".
1994—Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330010(12), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2144, substituted "officers, and others in" for "officers and others, in" in item 203 and inserted "the" after "Federal Claims or" in item 204.
1992—Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, § 902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516, substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court" in item 204.
1990—Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, § 2510(b), title XXXV, § 3509, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4863, 4922, substituted "to Members" for "of Members" in item 203, substituted "United States Claims Court or United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit" for "Court of Claims" in item 204, and added item 225.
1989—Pub. L. 101–194, title I, § 101(b), title IV, § 407(b), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1724, 1753, substituted "Restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches" for "Disqualification of former officers and employees; disqualification of partners of current officers and employees" in item 207 and added item 216.
1984—Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 1107(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2146, substituted "Repealed" for "Receipt or charge of commissions or gifts for farm loan, land bank, or small business transactions" in item 216.
1978—Pub. L. 95–521, title V, § 501(b), Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1867, struck out "in matters connected with former duties or official responsibilities" after "officers and employees" and inserted "of current officers and employees" after "partners of" in item 207.
1966—Pub. L. 89–486, § 8(c)(2), July 4, 1966, 80 Stat. 249, added item 219.
1964—Pub. L. 88–316, § 1(b), June 6, 1964, 78 Stat. 204, added item 224.
1962—Pub. L. 87–849, § 1(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1119, included conflicts of interests in chapter heading, and amended analysis generally to contain items 201 to 218. Prior to amendment, the analysis contained items 201 to 223.
1958—Pub. L. 85–699, title VII, § 702(d), Aug. 21 1958, 72 Stat. 698, included small business transactions in item 221.