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Outrages: Sex, Censorship, and the Criminalization of Love (Hardcover)
Not Yet Published—Pre-Order Now
The dramatic, buried history of how nineteenth-century laws gave the state new powers to criminalize love between men—and how the movement for gay rights rose from the ashes
In 1857, Britain invented civil divorce, new obscenity laws, and new ways to criminalize love between men. New York Times best-selling author Naomi Wolf's Outrages is the story, brilliantly told, of how this perfect storm helped to originate the kinds of damaging homophobia and censorship we live with today.
Wolf paints the ways these laws affected a bohemian group of sexual dissidents, including the English critic John Addington Symonds and American poet Walt Whitman. Symonds fell in love with Whitman's homoerotic voice in Leaves of Grass—a dangerous love, as dire prison terms became penalties for such love, even if only expressed on the page.
Powerfully, Wolf recounts how a dying Symonds helped to write the book on "sexual inversion" that created our understanding of homosexuality. And she shines a light on his secret memoir: a half-hidden text that is rightfully understood as one of the first gay rights manifestos in the West.
NAOMI WOLF is the author most recently of Vagina: A New Biography; Give Me Liberty: A Handbook for American Revolutionaries; and The End of America: A Letter of Warning to a Young Patriot, all New York Times bestsellers. Wolf is also the author of the landmark international bestseller The Beauty Myth, which challenged the cosmetics industry and the marketing of unrealistic standards of beauty, launching a new wave of feminism in the early 1990s. The New York Times called it one of the most important books of the 20th century. A graduate of Yale and a former Rhodes Scholar, Wolf writes for publications that include the New Republic, the Wall Street Journal, Glamour, the Guardian, the Washington Post, the New York Times, and Huffington Post.
"A remarkable and moving work of creative scholarship"—Larry Kramer, author of Faggots and The Normal Heart
"With precision and sensitivity, Naomi Wolf traces how the state came to police the private sphere; she brings into the light the lives of those whose resistance to this brutality was a beacon for the future. Outrages is a remarkable, revelatory book."—Erica Wagner, author of Chief Engineer: The Man Who Built the Brooklyn Bridge
"In Outrages, Naomi Wolf reveals a largely forgotten history of how science, law, and culture have intersected to suppress and silence sexual expression. As expanding acceptance threatens to erase a history of LGBTQ marginalization and struggle—and as we descend into authoritarian rule across so many countries—this is an important, powerful tale."—Shahid Buttar, marriage equality activist and attorney
"Outrages is a fascinating history book with a cast of characters and an epic sweep that make it read like a novel Charles Dickens could have written, if he had ever written one about queers." —New York Journal of Books
"[This] remarkable book is a tour de force of research and insight into Symonds' life and work and the related evolution of public and state attitudes toward homosexuality. [Wolf's] is an essential contribution not only to queer history but also to studies of nineteenth-century culture. It is not to be missed."—Booklist, STARRED review
"Wolf provides engrossing accounts of Whitman and Symonds, yet her story is even more compelling in its wider portrait of the societies and institutions in America as well as England that served to shape the fears and prejudices that have lingered into our modern age. An absorbing and thoughtfully researched must-read for anyone interested in the history of censorship and issues relating to gay male sexuality."—Kirkus
"This ambitious literary, biographical, and historical treatise from Wolf (The Beauty Myth) examines both 19th-century Britain's persecution of gay men and the work and life of the relatively obscure gay writer John Addington Symonds (1840–1893)...a fascinating look at this period and these writers."—Publishers Weekly
"This book harnesses the electric power of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, the righteous energy of first-wave feminism and the terror of criminalized identities, in a style accessible to general readers. As the fight for LGBTQ rights continues, this book is as relevant as it is compelling." --Shelf Awareness
"Outrages is a paean to books, libraries and bringing history alive for a new audience."—Sydney Morning Herald
History / Social History
Biography & Autobiography / Artists, Architects, Photographers
Biography & Autobiography / LGBT
History / Modern / 19th Century
Biography & Autobiography / Historical

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A worm is a type of animal that usually has no arms or legs and has a cylinder-like body. All worms are invertebrates, meaning that they do not have a backbone. Worms can come in many different sizes. Many worm species are so small that they can't be seen with the human eye, while the bootlace worm has been known to grow up to nearly 60 meters (almost 200 feet). One of the most well-known types of worms are earthworms.
There are several subcategories of worms, many of which are very different than others. Annelids, nematodes, platyhelminthes, ribbon worms, arrow worms, priapulid worms, and certain types of insect larvae are all types of animals that are frequently referred to as worms.
↑ Mark Carwardine (1995) The Guinness Book of Animal Records. Guinness Publishing. p. 232.
This page was last changed on 25 August 2018, at 02:38.


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Sarah Gamard
The Daily Times
The recent dispute over a controversial Nativity scene has rattled Rehoboth Beach officials and Catholics, despite a short-term fix thanks to a pizza franchise.
The two sides have argued about the legal implications of celebrating the birth of Christ on public property.
But the tug-of-war between church and state is routine — so much so that the contention has been facetiously referred to as an American holiday tradition of its own.
"This happens all over the place every Christmas season," said David Barkey, a counsel with the Anti-Defamation League, which recently issued recommendations to Rehoboth Beach officials on religious holiday displays on public property.
St. Edmond Catholic Church is at the center of this particular spat after the city ordered it to remove a crèche that it placed on the Rehoboth Beach Bandstand earlier this month.
The church removed the crèche on Dec. 6, but maintains that it received informal permission from the city the weekend prior to include the crèche with the condition that other religious symbols be included.
Rehoboth Beach Mayor Paul Kuhns said that claim is false.
"We had a discussion about the subject," Kuhns said. "They misconstrued that as permission. We did not say, 'Yes, you can put that up there.' "
"They've blown things out of proportion," the mayor said.
The church is trying to secure a place on the agenda for the city's Friday public meeting, but the city is unlikely to give them more than an opportunity for public comment.
"They are not on the agenda," Kuhns said. "We have had the discussion (and) we are open to public input."
The city is unlikely to reverse its decision, but it has announced plans to coordinate with religious organizations to create an "all-inclusive" holiday display for future years. The church said it does not oppose including other religious symbols alongside the crèche in any public display.
Kuhns would not say whether he is open to putting a future display in a public area, but "there is a good possibility" that the city could find such a public space.
"We're open to listening to a plan," he said. "At this point in time, we will consider anything."
The story continues after the gallery
The crèche, which is owned by the Kiwanis Club, will still be on the city's main avenue this year, thanks to Grotto Pizza offering a spot on its patio after several residents and businesses expressed support for the church.
But the event has left the community split over whether its government did the right thing.
"Their big thing is let's not offend anyone," said the Rev. William Cocco with St. Edmond Catholic Church. "But they don't seem to have a problem offending Christians. As a Christian, I find it offensive (that) you don't have the real reason for Christmas represented. ... Historically, it's inseparable from Christmas."
Both sides use the same Supreme Court rulings to argue they're right
The church and the ADL both cite the same two U.S. Supreme Court decisions from 1984 and 1989 when debating whether to place the Nativity scene on public property.
The 1984 decision ruled crèches a "part of our (American) history" and "not necessarily an endorsement of religion," Cocco said during a Dec. 7 public meeting with city officials.
He and church advocates have disagreed with what they call "personal opinions."
"The city's standing behind the stance that, if they put (the crèche) up, it's an endorsement of religion," Cocco said. "The Supreme Court says that's not the case."
But those who disagree with the church use those same Supreme Court decisions as evidence that the highest court in the land has not given blanket approval to crèches.
"They're ignoring everything else that went into the analysis," Barkey said.
Both rulings, which have already helped shape the city's stance, will likely serve as a guide for how Delmarva communities will work with religious organizations in the coming years.
"It's the impact of religious diversity moving to more parts of the country," Barkey said. "Communities are becoming more and more heterogeneous. That's where we see this conflict."
Crèches are OK if they're not on their own, Supreme Court says
Church proponents are correct that the Supreme Court has given the green light to crèches before.
That was the case in 1984, when local residents and members of the American Civil Liberties Union challenged a display in Rhode Island, placed by the city in a park owned by a nonprofit organization. Previous rulings said the display was an endorsement of religious beliefs.
The Supreme Court reversed that ruling, deciding instead that the crèche was part of a larger display that included several non-religious symbols, which as a whole did not appear to endorse religion. The display included candy-striped poles, a Christmas tree and reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh, among other items.
Some members of the Supreme Court saw the Rhode Island Nativity scene as a recognition of Christmas' origins in the same vein as religious paintings in government-supported museums.
"Overall, it's not advancing religion because it's sending a message of secular observance of the December holidays," Barkey said.
When crèches haven't been allowed
Crèches that stand alone are a different story.
In 1989, the Supreme Court ruled that a standalone Nativity scene, this time in a Pennsylvania county courthouse, was unconstitutional because it considered the display to directly and exclusively endorse a particular religion.
That crèche also included a banner that read, "Glory to God in the highest."
The case came to the Supreme Court after the ACLU filed suit against the city's placement of the crèche on public property. But the Nativity scene was not the only concern in that case; the ACLU also targeted a separate display of an 18-foot menorah, which stood one block away outside the city hall. The menorah stood next to the city's 45-foot Christmas tree with a sign that gave a "salute" to liberty.
The Supreme Court ruled that the menorah, unlike the crèche, was constitutional because the overall display did not appear to directly endorse a religion.
Legal precedent generally considers Christmas trees, despite having roots in Catholicism, a secular representation of the winter holiday season. Rehoboth Beach this year placed its Christmas tree several feet from where the crèche was placed before it was removed.
Barkey said that the 1989 case did not overturn the 1984 case, but the latter is "not really applicable in this situation."
"The facts of that (1989) case are much more on point," Barkey said. "There's no other objects (by the crèche) that could drown out the religious message."
But Cocco disagrees that the case applies because the Nativity scene was not on the steps or in close proximity to a government building. He said the Bandstand area where the church placed the display, which is less than half a mile from the city hall, "belongs to the people."
"We did not ask for it to be on the steps of city hall," Cocco said. "We didn't ask the city to pay for the crèche. ... We didn't ask the city to put it up."
The city rebutted that it has domain over public property.
"Typically, you ask for permission," Kuhns said.
Conversation is ongoing
When explaining the city's decision to order the crèche be removed in a Dec. 7 public meeting, Kuhns cited a letter that Rehoboth Beach received from the ADL.
The letter offered guidelines on how to handle religious symbols on public property during the holidays.
It said a crèche in a larger display of non-religious symbols "does not convey the same message as a prominent crèche standing alone or dominating a display."
"I did not base my thoughts completely on the ADL," Kuhns said. "I read the suggestions and I thought to myself, 'These make a lot of sense. Especially in today's society.' ... We don't want to appear to be endorsing any one religion."
The letter, issued in mid-November, was not in direct reference to the St. Edmond Nativity scene. The organization said it sends some version of those guidelines annually to public schools and municipalities across the country.
"There was a crèche on city property many years ago," Kuhns added. "But what happened yesterday, should it happen tomorrow? Our society changes so rapidly."
It's unclear what sort of display the city will allow in future years. The city hopes that local religious organizations will coordinate with one another and present a plan for a display by the 2019 holiday season.
Barkey said other communities across the country have designated a public space for local organizations to display their respective holiday symbols with certain conditions, including a disclaimer from the local government stating it does not endorse or oppose any of the religions. Barkey said this is an "equitable" option.
"You can't please everybody all of the time," Barkey said. "But if you do this ... it'll be a majority."
Barkey added that any government display that appears to endorse one religion over the other, or religion over non-religion, poses a "constitutional problem."
"This isn't based on a hostility toward religion," Barkey said. "We're a pluralistic society."
Barkey said a business or house of worship can put up "the biggest display that they want" on private property, and that "government shouldn't be in the business of doing that.
But Cocco called the city's argument of "separation of church and state" a "catchphrase," and said the United States was founded on "freedom of religion, not from it."
The church, should it attend Friday's public meeting, is likely to speak to officials about his claim that a small menorah was once seen on a counter in the entry of Rehoboth Beach City Hall in recent years. Kuhns said it is possible that such a menorah existed.
"It's so hypocritical," Cocco said. "I'm beginning to think there's an animus there ... against Christianity."
More:Rehoboth Nativity scene drama: Grotto Pizza offers solution
More:Nativity scene battle: Law and grace clash in Rehoboth Beach


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Advancing Basic Science for Humanity
Kavli Prize
Kavli News
Katie McKissick
The Kavli Foundation
kmckissick@kavlifoundation.org
09/17/2018 - Gravitational Waves Provide Dose of Reality About Extra Dimensions
(Originally published by the University of Chicago)
In new study, UChicago astronomers find no evidence for extra spatial dimensions to the universe based on gravitational wave data. (Courtesy of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center CI Lab)
While last year's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars was Earth-shaking, it won't add extra dimensions to our understanding of the universe—not literal ones, at least.
University of Chicago astronomers found no evidence for extra spatial dimensions to the universe based on the gravitational wave data. Their research, published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, is one of many papers in the wake of the extraordinary announcement last year that LIGO had detected a neutron star collision.
The first-ever detection of gravitational waves in 2015, for which three physicists won the Nobel Prize last year, was the result of two black holes crashing together. Last year, scientists observed two neutron stars collide. The major difference between the two is that astronomers could see the aftermath of the neutron star collision with a conventional telescope, producing two readings that can be compared: one in gravity, and one in electromagnetic (light) waves.
"This is the very first time we've been able to detect sources simultaneously in both gravitational and light waves," said Prof. Daniel Holz, who is also a member of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics (KICP). "This provides an entirely new and exciting probe, and we've been learning all sorts of interesting things about the universe."
Einstein's theory of general relativity explains the solar system very well, but as scientists learned more about the universe beyond, big holes in our understanding began to emerge. Two of these are dark matter, one of the basic ingredients of the universe; and dark energy, the mysterious force that's making the universe expand faster over time.
Scientists have proposed all kinds of theories to explain dark matter and dark energy, and "a lot of alternate theories to general relativity start with adding an extra dimension," said graduate student Maya Fishbach, a coauthor on the paper. One theory is that over long distances, gravity would "leak" into the additional dimensions. This would cause gravity to appear weaker, and could account for the inconsistencies.
The one-two punch of gravitational waves and light from the neutron star collision detected last year offered one way for Holz and Fishbach to test this theory. The gravitational waves from the collision reverberated in LIGO the morning of Aug. 17, 2017, followed by detections of gamma-rays, X-rays, radio waves, and optical and infrared light. If gravity were leaking into other dimensions along the way, then the signal they measured in the gravitational wave detectors would have been weaker than expected. But it wasn't.
It appears for now that the universe has the same familiar dimensions—three in space and one of time—even on scales of a hundred million light-years.
But this is just the beginning, scientists said. "There are so many theories that until now, we didn't have concrete ways to test," Fishbach said. "This changes how a lot of people can do their astronomy."
"We look forward to seeing what gravitational-wave surprises the universe might have in store for us," Holz said.
Other authors on the space-time study were Princeton's Kris Pardo and David Spergel, who is also a member of the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) at the University of Tokyo.
Citation: "Limits on the number of space-time dimensions from GW170817." Pardo et al, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, July 23, 2018. doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2018/07/048
Funding: Kavli Foundation, National Science Foundation
Return to News Listings
©2020 Kavli Foundation. All Rights Reserved.


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Looking to buy iPhone 12? Get it absolutely FREE with this Verizon deal
If you've been looking to buy the iPhone 12 then this might be the best time to do it. Verizon is offering the iPhone 12 absolutely free to customers who enroll in its unlimited plan. Check out this amazing deal below.
| Updated on: Sep 13 2022, 18:43 IST
Create your own Memoji on iPhone 13, iPhone 12, and more with these easy hacks
1/5 You can even create your Memoji on iPhone X or newer and iPads running the latest software. You can animate your Memoji using the Face ID sensors on the front of your device and design your own personalized Memoji—choose skin tone, headwear, glasses, and more. The iPhone allows you to create multiple Memoji for different moods. Step-by-step process is given below. (Apple )
2/5 Open Messages on your iPhone and select a conversation, or tap the New Message at the top of the screen. (Apple )
3/5 Next, click on the "Stickers" symbols above the keyboard and then the ellipsis icon on the left-hand side. (Apple)
4/5 Now, choose "New Memoji" from the list of options and customize skin tone and facial features, then swipe left to adjust hairstyle, eyebrows, eyes, head, nose, mouth, ears, facial hair, eyewear, and headwear. (Apple)
5/5 As you add features to your Memoji, your character will come to life. When finished, tap Done in the top-right corner of the screen, and your avatar will be added to the list of available. (Apple )
Want to buy the iPhone 12? You can get it for free with this amazing Verizon unlimited plan deal. (Apple)
Get the iPhone 12 for FREE! Yes, you read that right. You do not need to pay the hefty $599 price or any installments of the iPhone 12. iPhone 12, which was the best-selling smartphone of 2021, can be yours for free. You don't even have to trade-in your old smartphone to avail this offer. But there's a catch. You will have to pick a new Verizon unlimited data plan to grab this deal. All you have to do is pay a one-time charge of just $35 for activating a new device on the Verizon network for 36 months.
iPhone 12 64GB is priced at $599. However, with this Verizon deal, you can get it absolutely free by subscribing to Verizon's unlimited plan which starts at $70 a month and goes up to $90. You will also have to maintain the Verizon contract for a period of 36 months or else you will have to pay the full retail price of $599 for the iPhone 12. The offer is also valid on other variants of the iPhone 12 though you will have to pay installments of $1.38 per month for the 128GB variant and $4.16 for the 256GB variant.
mobile to buy?
How to get the iPhone 12 for free with Verizon
First, visit the Verizon website.
Choose the internal memory and color option.
Opt for a new line.
Click on continue and select a new user.
In the next screen you will need to enter your Zip code and confirm the location.
Next, choose any of the available unlimited plans and proceed to make payment.
Once done, your iPhone 12 will be shipped to you soon.
iPhone 12 Specifications
The iPhone 12 has a 6.1-inch Super Retina XDR OLED display with 2532×1170-pixel resolution, 460ppi pixel density, and HRD support. The device is powered by an A14 Bionic chipset paired with a 2,815mAh battery that supports up to 20W fast charging. The iPhone 12 packs 4GB RAM and up to 256GB internal storage.
First Published Date: 13 Sep, 18:43 IST
Tags: apple iphone 12 apple iphone iphone apple verizon
Home Mobile News Looking to buy iPhone 12? Get it absolutely FREE with this Verizon deal
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Students investigate how natural selection influences evolution. They complete a hands-on lab simulation of natural selection, and replicate a real experiment and examine the interplay between selection factors in a population of guppies.
Students use balloons and small bits of construction paper to visually depict the Big Bang theory of the possible origin of the universe. A great visual demonstration and very well detailed.
Students explore why evolution has always been a controversial topic. They use scientific process to determine patterns and to critically analyze alternative explanations for natural phenomena.
Tiktaalik: Evolution of a "Fishapod"
High schoolers explore fossils in order to gain a perspective of evolution. In this evolution instructional activity students watch several videos an fossils and complete a worksheet.
Young scholars examine how all life is related and how species are classified. They also discover how traits are passed down from one person to the next. They examine the evolution the arthropod has going through.
In this universe worksheet, students read about the big bang theory and the evolution of the stars from the elements. Students answer four critical thinking questions about the beginnings of our universe.
Students, in groups, study cheetah, blind cave organisms, and naked mole rats to explain facets of evolution.
Students simulate the process of evolution. Using index cards, they copy a drawing. Each subsequent drawing is sent around the room. The results are compared to the original drawing.
In this Evolution worksheet, students rent the movie Evolution and answer comprehension questions about it. Students answer 23 comprehension questions.
Students simulate how natural selection works using pom poms. In this evolution lesson plan students study natural selection by completing a lab, recording data and completing a worksheet.
For this understanding evolution worksheet, 9th graders define homology and analogy. Students compare and contrast similar structures in several given species.
In this life science instructional activity, students complete a crossword puzzle given 9 clues and a word bank about evolution, the circulatory system, the digestive system, herbivores, carnivores and fossils.
Students create a timeline on the history of evolution. In this biology lesson, students research their assigned scientist's contribution to evolution theory. They write a three-paragraph analysis about the timeline.
Learners view video showing recent field work on a twenty two-year study of finch beaks on a small island in the Galapagos, showing natural selection clearly operating in the wild.
Students are taken on a simulated "voyage" backward in time, to the beginning of our planet. They "witness" that beginning, the origin of life, and a number of key events from then to the present.
Students learn a number of evolutionary concepts by following the long history of the arthropods and have opportunities to think about arthropod evolution in terms of both opportunities and constraints.
In this natural selection worksheet, students read a cartoon about cricket mating that explains natural selection, fitness and evolution. They answer four questions about each of these topics.
In this evolution worksheet, students review terms associated with Darwin's theory including natural variation, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. This worksheet has 8 short answer, 10 matching, and 6 multiple choice questions.
Learners investigate the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in such menacing diseases as tuberculosis and influenza. They take on the role of staff at a public health agency who are trying to communicate the problem to the public.
Young scholars explore evolution. They read magazine articles related to evolution. Students describe arguments for/against evolution that the author used. Young scholars discuss their findings.
Students use the Internet to complete an interactive simulation about evolution. They follow certain species and discover the process of natural selection. They answer questions to test for comprehension.
Whose "Truth" Is Out There?
Learners explore, using journals and discussion in small groups, how the universe has evolved since the theoretical Big Bang and create dramatizations of various eras in cosmic evolution.
Students investigate genetics and evolution of species. They simulate the breeding of birds using origami birds. In addition, using dice they introduce genetic variation into the species.


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About Akana
Akana
Akana is a Native American owned professional services firm helping clients plan, design, engineer and manage projects in the built environment. Akana is a small business and DBE/MBE certified in multiple states. Learn more about our service offerings by clicking below.
PLAN + DESIGN + ENGINEER + MANAGE
Akana completes environmental investigation for Evergreen Public Schools
Akana is part of the GBD Architects team working on the Bus Maintenance Facility. Part of our scope was to complete an Phase II Environmental Assessment of the former underground storage tanks. Akana Senior Field Technician, John Baker, was at the site with Cascade Drilling to collect sub-surface...
Akana Celebrates Native American Heritage Month
On August 3, 1990, President of the United States George H. W. Bush declared the month of November as National American Indian Heritage Month, thereafter commonly referred to as Native American Heritage Month. The bill read in part that "the President has authorized and requested to call upon Federal,...
Akana adds two new board members
Akana is proud to announce that Erika Price and Jeff Faunce have been to added to our board of directors. Erika is a principal architect and manages our professional services division. Jeff manages our construction services division.
Akana awarded nationwide BIA Facility Condition Assessment Contract
Akana was awarded this five year contract in 2020. Our FCA teams were recently in Tuba City, AZ doing a calibration assessment to help train new team members.
Pasco, Washington
Fife, Washington
AKANA HQ
6400 SE Lake Rd, Suite 270
©2022 Akana. Built by OVO.


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Written by Ben Eastick
Exploring the role Martineaus played in developing the Ragus of today
Between now and the new year, we will be focusing on Ragus' rich sugar heritage, retelling some of the stories that have shaped who we are today. This first blog of the series explores the role Martineaus sugar refinery played in our storied legacy.
The growth of sugar refineries in the UK, nineteenth century
Sugar was not new to Britain in the nineteenth century. It had been shipped from the Caribbean and Asia since the 1500s. But by the 1800s, it had become Britain's most valuable import. Since the Elizabethan era, growing numbers of merchants and traders sailed out across the Atlantic and returned to the UK with tonnes of sugar on-board their ships.
So, an import that originated as food for the wealthy soon became a staple for all social classes in the UK. In fact, historian, John Burnett, suggests that in 1801, annual sugar consumption in the UK was 13.87kg per person. Sugar had, therefore, become ubiquitous to the British way of life.
Of course, trade was a key driver for this rise to ubiquity. But industrial progress and the growth of domestic sugar refineries also played a significant part in this social and economic trend. For example, there were over 300 sugar refineries in the UK in the mid-nineteenth century. Major sugar production hubs were located in Glasgow and Liverpool, but the growth of domestic sugar refineries was also somewhat London-centric. Over 28 sugar refineries were situated in what was Europe's largest city at the time, with most of these refineries located in the east end of the metropolis. Indeed, this was the nucleus of London's sugar industry, where the Eastick brothers, John and Charles, analysed sugar at their consulting practice.
Geography is what brings us on to Martineaus sugar refinery. Martineaus was located in Whitechapel, in the heart of East London. By the late nineteenth century, it was the second largest sugar refinery in the capital, and part of its success can be attributed to innovation. In 1875, for example, David Martineau partnered with Henry Tate to acquire the rights for Eugen Langen's sugar cube manufacturing process in the UK, helping Martineaus gain commercial advantage for years to come.
A sketch of Martineaus sugar refinery, based in London's east end sugar hub.
The link between Martineaus and Ragus, 1883-1890
At the height of sugar's ubiquity in British life, Ragus' founder, Charles Eastick, invented the first formulation of golden syrup at Abram Lyle's Plaistow refinery in 1883. The golden elixir was immediately a commercial success on the British market and has been loved the world over ever since.
This is where the stories of Martineaus and Ragus intersect. After the success of golden syrup, Charles decided to branch out his sugar chemistry innovation into production management and consulting. To do so, he moved from Lyle's to Martineaus sugar refinery in 1890, where he became managing director.
Conducting sugar analysis at Martineaus, circa 1940s-50s.
Innovation in the interwar years, 1918-1939
The First World War left its mark on the sugar industry, with a significant number of refineries going under. Britain's reliance on Austria and Germany for beet sugar was no longer available, and the German navy began sinking cane sugar shipments from the Commonwealth destined for the British ports of Glasgow, Liverpool and London. The height of sugar refinery success in the nineteenth century was now a distant memory. Refineries were fast becoming part of history. Martineaus, however, survived, due to Charles and his family's 11 sugar refining patents that helped differentiate the Whitechapel refinery.
And this is when Charles targeted another opportunity. In 1928, he established a new factory in Berkshire, UK, to focus on manufacturing specialist sugars: Ragus. Charles played a leading role in operations at both Martineaus and Ragus, but make no mistake, the two businesses were distinct from one another.
Martineaus was a sugar refinery – it imported raw sugar cane and refined it into white sugar (straight sucrose) and golden syrup. Ragus, on the other hand, was established to manufacture specialist sugars for bulk applications, such as invert sugar syrup for bakers, confectioners and brewers. This distinction is what the Ragus of today prides itself on.
So, although both companies were managed by the same innovator, they were very much different from one another. Martineaus refined raw materials into sugars for the retail market, whereas Ragus produced specialist sugars for industrial applications. However, there were two crucial connections between the businesses:
1. Ragus mainly procured and used primary production materials that were refined by Martineaus
2. Charles' sons joined him at his companies: Frederick at Martineaus, and Douglas at Ragus
Post-war era and beyond, 1945-1976
Following the Second World War, demand for sugar soared again, and Martineaus was injected with new blood: Bernard, Frederick's son, and Charles' grandson, joined the Whitechapel refinery.
Hard at work in the mid-twentieth century.
Eventually, Bernard and Frederick decided in 1961 to sell their shares in Martineaus, and the refinery was acquired by Manbré & Garton, a sugar and starch producer based in Hammersmith. The Whitechapel refinery closed as a result, with operations relocated to the Manbré & Garton site in the west side of London. Fifteen years later, the Hammersmith-based company was acquired by the Silvertown refinery.
What role did Martineaus play in Ragus' storied legacy?
Charles Eastick was an innovator without Martineaus – he had already established his legacy in the sugar industry, having invented golden syrup seven years before joining Martineaus. But if it was not for his experiences as Managing Director and co-owner of Martineaus, Ragus might not have become the organisation it is today.
Martineaus was where our founder honed his production management expertise, where he developed his curiosity for innovation and brand differentiation, and where he refined the primary production materials required to manufacture Ragus' specialist sugars.
Of course, there were also significant differences between both companies, with the finished product being one of the most obvious distinctions. Crucially, these differences are what have made the Ragus of today.
Ragus has over 90 years' expertise manufacturing pure sugar products for industrial applications. To learn more about our rich sugar heritage, watch this video. To find out more about our portfolio of pure sugars and syrups, contact our customer services team on +44 (0)1753 575353 or sales@ragus.co.uk. For more sugar news and Ragus updates, follow Ragus on LinkedIn.


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ZANTAC Ranitidine Litigation
ZANTAC Litigation | (Ranitidine)
On February 6, 2020, the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation has opted to create a multidistrict litigation (MDL) docket for Zantac personal injury claims, sending the lawsuits to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. The federal lawsuits, which are consolidated for purposes of discovery from district courts all over the United States, will be overseen by Judge Robin L. Rosenberg. This is Judge Rosenberg's first time overseeing an MDL since being appointed in 2014 by Former President Obama.
On September 13, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported the discovery of the N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Zantac, a common heartburn medication available in both prescription and over-the-counter versions and that discovery began a series of warnings and recalls nationwide, as well as the filing of class actions and individual lawsuits. The generic form of Zantac is known as Ranitidine and it is commonly used to prevent and treat heartburn, ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Zantac went to market in 1983.
DMA is an environmental contaminant found in water along with meat, dairy, and vegetables. It's classified as a B2 carcinogen, meaning it's a probable human carcinogen. Exposure to high amounts of NDMA is thought to cause gastric or colorectal cancer, according to the World Health Organization. It's extremely toxic to the liver. Even small amounts may be linked to liver damage. The chemical was once used to make rocket fuel. Today the chemical is only used for research purposes in the United States, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. It's also a byproduct of many manufacturing processes at industrial sites, including tanneries, pesticide manufacturing plants, and rubber and tire manufacturers. Other applications for NDMA include inducing carcinogenesis in laboratory rats for cancer research. NDMA may also be found in a number of food products, such as cured meats, and is an ingredient in tobacco fumes. Fortunately, NDMA does not appear to accumulate in tissues.
This is not the first time that NDMA has been implicated in a pharmaceutical drug. On July 13, 2018, the drug Valsartan, a commonly prescribed drug for blood pressure, was recalled due to the NDMA contaminent. However, the NDMA in Valsartan appears to be a contaminant from the manufacturing process whereas the NDMA in Zantac appears to be metabolized in the body once exposed to water in the digestive system.
Ranitidine is available both by prescription and in an over-the-counter version available without prescription. Zantac is an H2 (histamine-2) blocker which decreases acidity in the stomach. There are alternative H2 blockers on the market that do NOT contain NDMA, such as Pepcid and Tagamet (famotidine and Cimetidine).
Since September 2019, the pressure on the pharmaceutical industry and the FDA has increased, causing Sandoz Inc to begin voluntary recalls of its generic version of the Ranitidine drug. It was followed closely by recalls initiated by 14 other generic manufacturers. In fact, in 2019 multiple drugstores stopped selling the drug. CVS and Walgreens no longer sell Zantac and other Ranitidine medications. CVS has offered customers who recently bought Zantac or another Ranitidine drug a refund. The chain will continue to sell other over-the-counter (OTC) heartburn medications, like Pepcid and Tagamet, which don't contain Ranitidine.
On October 8, 2019, GlaxoSmithKline recalled prescription Zantac and, on October 18, 2019, Sanofi announced its voluntary recall of over-the-counter Zantac.
On November 12, 2019, the FDA advised all companies to recall their Ranitidine if testing showed levels of NDMA above the acceptable daily intake (96 nanograms per day or 0.32 parts per million for ranitidine). Although the FDA advisory states that the level of contamination is "low," the levels have been found to be between 3,000 and 26,000 times higher than what the agency has determined to be "safe."
Proof of Use:
In order to successfully pursue civil litigation for those affected by cancer, consumers must prove that they took Zantac (or another form of Ranitidine). This can often be done with a prescription record or transcript, a medical record, or by proving purchase of over-the-counter Zantac. Proof may include receipts, notes in medical records, family affidavits, etc.
Proof of Injury:
Second, to support a civil claim for Ranitidine use, a consumer should be able to prove he or she has an injury from use. Accordingly, the consumer must show that he or she has been diagnosed with one or more of the cancers listed below, keeping in mind that the science may still be evolving and that such cancers will have to be substantiated by scientifically valid analyses:
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Proximate Cause (linking injury to use):
Perhaps the trickiest part of setting forth a civil claim is proving that the use of Zantac and/or Ranitidine was actually what caused the cancer, or at least that it was "more likely than not" caused by it. As one might expect, heavier use of the drug over a longer period of time is a factor. The latency in the body before developing cancer is also a factor. Many civil litigators require proof of at least a year of significant exposure (you took Zantac regularly for a year), and at least a year of latency (about a year passed between the time you first took Zantac and the time you developed one of the listed primary cancers). Again, this is not exact, and all circumstances are different.
The companies who have been sued in the MDL include Sanofi-Aventis U.S., which recalled over-the-counter Zantac on October 18, 2019 after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration found unacceptable levels of NDMA in ranitidine samples, as well as GlaxoSmithKline, which first received FDA approval to sell the drug and recalled prescription Zantac on October 8, 2019, and Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Pfizer Inc., which both sold Zantac.
Consumers and health care professionals should report any adverse reactions with ranitidine to the FDA's MedWatch program which can be found at the following FDA website: www.fda.gov/medwatch/report.htm
Information on this sheet was researched and provided via government and private websites and available public information. It is subject to change and modification. Nothing shall be construed as giving legal advice.
For questions, please contact the help of the leading Ohio personal injury attorney Jami S. Oliver for your legal options. Call 614-220-9100 to schedule an appointment.
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How Much Of The Unobservable Universe Will We Someday Be Able To See?
Ethan Siegel Senior Contributor
Starts With A Bang Contributor Group
The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it.
Our deepest galaxy surveys can reveal objects tens of billions of light years away, but there are... [+] more galaxies within the observable Universe we still have yet to reveal. Most excitingly, there are parts of the Universe that are not yet visible today that will someday become observable to us.
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
Even though it's been billions of years since the Big Bang, there's a cosmic limit to how far we can observe the objects that occupy our Universe. The Universe has been expanding all this time, but that expansion rate is both finite and well-measured. If we were to calculate how far a photon emitted at the instant the Big Bang occurred could have traveled by today, we come up with the upper limit to how far we can see in any direction: 46 billion light-years.
That's the size of our observable Universe, which contains an estimated two trillion galaxies in various stages of evolutionary development. But beyond that, there ought to be much more Universe beyond the limits of what we can presently see: the unobservable Universe. Thanks to our best measurements of the part we can see, we're finally figuring out what lies beyond, and how much of it we'll someday be able to perceive and explore.
On a logarithmic scale, we can illustrate the entire Universe, going all the way back to the Big... [+] Bang. Although we cannot observe farther than this cosmic horizon which is presently a distance of 46.1 billion light-years away, there will be more Universe to reveal itself to us in the future. The observable Universe contains 2 trillion galaxies today, but as time goes on, more Universe will become observable to us.
Wikipedia user Pablo Carlos Budassi
The Big Bang tells us that at some point in the distant past, the Universe was hotter, denser, and expanding much more rapidly than it is today. The stars and galaxies we see throughout the Universe in all directions only exist as they do because the Universe has expanded and cooled, allowing gravitation to pull matter into clumps. Over billions of years, gravitational growth has fueled generations of stars and the formation of galaxies, leading to the Universe we see today.
Everywhere we look, in all directions, we see a Universe that tells us the same cosmic story. But part of that story is the fact that the farther away we look, the farther we're looking back in time. The Universe hasn't been around, forming stars and growing galaxies, forever. According to the Big Bang and the observations that support it, the Universe had a beginning.
The full suite of what's present today in the Universe owes its origins to the hot Big Bang. More... [+] fundamentally, the Universe we have today can only come about because of the properties of spacetime and the laws of physics. Although the Universe is expanding, the total amount of Universe we can observe is increasing, too.
NASA / GSFC
In the early stages after the Big Bang, the Universe was filled with a variety of ingredients, and it began with an incredibly rapid initial expansion rate. These two factors — the initial expansion rate and the gravitational effects of everything in the Universe — are the two head-to-head players in the ultimate cosmic race.
On the one hand, the expansion works to push everything apart, stretching the fabric of space and driving the galaxies and the large-scale structure of the Universe apart. But on the other hand, gravitation attracts all forms of matter and energy, working to pull the Universe back together. Normal matter, dark matter, dark energy, radiation, neutrinos, black holes, gravitational waves and more all play a role in the expanding Universe.
The relative importance of different energy components in the Universe at various times in the past.... [+] Note that when dark energy reaches a number near 100% in the future, the energy density of the Universe (and, therefore, the expansion rate) will remain constant arbitrarily far ahead in time. Owing to dark energy, distant galaxies are already speeding up in their apparent recession speed from us, and have been since the dark energy density was half of the total matter density, 6 billion years ago.
E. Siegel
The expansion rate began large, but has been decreasing as the Universe expands. There's a simple reason for this: as the Universe expands, its volume increases, and therefore the energy density goes down. As the density drops, so does the expansion rate. Light that was once too far away from us to be seen can now catch up to us.
This fact carries with it a huge implication for the Universe: over time, galaxies that were once too distant to be revealed to us will spontaneously come into view. It may have been 13.8 billion years since the Big Bang occurred, but with the expansion of the Universe, there are objects as far away as 46.1 billion light-years whose light is just reaching us.
An illustration of how redshifts work in the expanding Universe. As a galaxy gets more and more... [+] distant, it must travel a greater distance and for a greater time through the expanding Universe. In a dark-energy dominated Universe, this means that individual galaxies will appear to speed up in their recession from us, but that there will be distant galaxies whose light is just reaching us for the first time today.
Larry McNish of RASC Calgary Center, via http://calgary.rasc.ca/redshift.htm
All told, if we were to add up all the galaxies that exist within this volume of space, we'd find there are a whopping two trillion of them within our observable Universe. As enormous as this number is, it's still finite, and our observations don't reveal an edge in space in any direction we look.
The amount of time that's passed since the Big Bang, the speed of light, and the ingredients in our Universe determine the limit of what's observable. Any farther than that, and even something moving at the speed of light since the moment of the hot Big Bang will not have had sufficient time to reach us.
But all of this will change in time. As the years and aeons tick by, light that was unable to reach us will finally catch up to our eyes, revealing more of the Universe than we've ever seen before.
You might think that if we waited for an arbitrarily long amount of time, we'd be able to see an arbitrarily far distance, and that there would be no limit to how much of the Universe would become visible.
But in a Universe with dark energy, that simply isn't the case. As the Universe ages, the expansion rate doesn't drop to lower and lower values, approaching zero. Instead, there remains a finite and important amount of energy intrinsic to the fabric of space itself. As time goes on in a Universe with dark energy, the more distant objects will appear to recede from our perspective faster and faster. Although there's still more Universe out there to discover, there's a limit to how much of it will ever become observable to us.
The different possible fates of the Universe, with our actual, accelerating fate shown at the right.... [+] After enough time goes by, the acceleration will leave every bound galactic or supergalactic structure completely isolated in the Universe, as all the other structures accelerate irrevocably away. We can only look to the past to infer dark energy's presence and properties, which require at least one constant, but its implications are larger for the future.
NASA & ESA
Based on the expansion rate, the amount of dark energy we have, and the present cosmological parameters of the Universe, we can calculate what we call the future visibility limit: the maximum distance we'll ever be able to observe. Right now, in a 13.8 billion year old Universe, our current visibility limit is 46 billion light-years. Our future visibility limit is approximately 33% greater: 61 billion light-years. There are galaxies out there, right now, whose light is on the way to our eyes, but has not had the opportunity to reach us yet.
If we were to add up all the galaxies in the parts of the Universe that we'll someday see but cannot yet access today, we might be shocked to learn that there are more yet-to-be-revealed galaxies than there are galaxies in the visible Universe. There are an additional 2.7 trillion galaxies waiting to show us their light, on top of the 2 trillion we can already access.
The observable Universe might be 46 billion light years in all directions from our point of view,... [+] but there's certainly more unobservable Universe, perhaps even an infinite amount, just like ours, beyond that. Over time, we'll be able to see a bit, but not a lot, more of it.
Frédéric MICHEL and Andrew Z. Colvin, annotated by E. Siegel
Compared to what the future holds for us, we're presently only seeing 43% of the galaxies that we'll someday be able to observe. Beyond our observable Universe lies the unobservable Universe, which ought to look just like the part we can see. The way we know that is through observations of the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the Universe.
If the Universe were finite in size, had an edge to it, or its properties began to change as we looked to greater distances, our measurements of these phenomena would reveal it. The observed spatial flatness of the Universe tells us that it is neither positively nor negatively curved to a precision of 99.6%, meaning that if it curves back on itself, the unobservable Universe is at least 250 times as large as the presently visible part.
The magnitudes of the hot and cold spots, as well as their scales, indicate the curvature of the... [+] Universe. To the best of our capabilities, we measure it to be perfectly flat. Baryon acoustic oscillations and the CMB, together, provide the best methods of constraining this, down to a combined precision of 0.4%.
Smoot Cosmology Group / LBL
We will never be able to see anything close to those extraordinary distances. The future visibility limit will take us to distances that are presently 61 billion light-years away, but no farther. It will reveal slightly more than twice the volume of the Universe we can observe today. The unobservable Universe, on the other hand, must be at least 23 trillion light years in diameter, and contain a volume of space that's over 15 million times as large as the volume we can observe.
The simulated large-scale structure of the Universe shows intricate patterns of clustering that... [+] never repeat. But from our perspective, we can only see a finite volume of the Universe, which appears uniform on the largest scales.
V. Springel et al., MPA Garching, and the Millenium Simulation
At the same time that we ponder the Universe beyond our observational limits, however, it's worth remembering how little of that Universe we can actually access or visit. All that we're looking forward to viewing is based on light that was already emitted many billions of years ago: close to the Big Bang in time. As it stands today, even if we left right now at the speed of light, we wouldn't be able to reach nearly all of the galaxies throughout space.
Dark energy is causing the Universe to not only expand, but for distant galaxies to speed up in their apparent recession from us. Although there are a total of 4.7 trillion galaxies that we will someday be able to observe out to a distance of 61 billion light-years, the limit of what we can reach today is much more modest.
The observable (yellow, containing 2 trillion galaxies) and reachable (magenta, containing 66... [+] billion galaxies) portions of the Universe, which are what they are thanks to the expansion of space and the energy components of the Universe. Beyond the yellow circle is an even larger (imaginary) one containing 4.7 trillion galaxies, the maximum portion of the Universe that will be accessible to us in the far future.
E. Siegel, based on work by Wikimedia Commons users Azcolvin 429 and Frédéric MICHEL
Only those galaxies within approximately 15 billion light-years, or a quarter of the radius at the future visibility limit, can be reached today, which equates to about 66 billion galaxies only. This is only 1.4% of the total number of galaxies that will ever become visible to us. In other words, in the future, we will have a total of 4.7 trillion galaxies to view. Most of them will only ever appear to us as they were in the very distant past, and most of them will never get to see us as we are today. Of all those galaxies we'll someday see, 4.634 trillion of them are already forever unreachable, even at the speed of light.
You might notice an interesting occurrence: the future visibility limit is exactly equal to the reachable limit (of 15 billion light-years) added to the current visibility limit (of 46 billion light-years). This no coincidence; the light that will ultimately reach us is right at that reachable limit today, after journeying 46 billion light-years since the Big Bang. Someday far in the future, it will arrive at our eyes. With each moment that passes, we come ever closer to our ultimate cosmic viewpoint, as the light from the last galactic holdouts continues on its inevitable journey towards us in the expanding Universe.
Follow me on Twitter. Check out my website or some of my other work here.
Ethan Siegel
I am a Ph.D. astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges. I have won numerous awards for science writing s...


What is a reasonable tax level?
Why should e-tax on cinema exhibition be higher than 24%???
It is therefore proposed that the process of rationalization of e-tax rates be carried out and a uniform entertainment tax rate of 24% be made applicable to all states.
均匀设计和均匀设计软件 -. uniform design and it ' s software 王玉方 2003 年 6 月 16 日. 报告的主要内容. 均匀设计的概念、特点、原理 均匀设计的具体应用方法 均匀设计软件. 关键词.
Gradually Varied Flow -. gradually varied flow. uniform flow requires a channel of constant cross-section and sufficient length for the gravitational forces to balance the frictional resistance. l. y 1. wsin q. v 1. y 2. q. v 2. r f.


It's no secret that technology is both a blessing and a curse. Whether you like it or not, much of the information today is exchanged online, and it appears that the internet will only become a more integral part of society as time moves forward. The cyber world's ability to expedite data and instantaneously connect people around the world is highly impressive. But at the same time, individuals and companies have acquired a new responsibility to protect information, which seems to be an ongoing issue. Since many remain in the dark of cybersecurity risks, how are you supposed to prevent them? Here is a list of the top 5 security risks for businesses in 2018.
As previously mentioned, people tend to be uneducated when it comes to cybersecurity. According to Cybint News, employees tend to be the greatest liability for companies when it comes to cybersecurity. Additionally, researched conducted by the CERT Insider Threat Center at Carnegie Mellon University shows that day to day activity by employees often introduces cybersecurity risks to companies, whether it's opening e-mails, clicking links, or downloading documents that are malware. Although preventing this problem may seem unfeasible, especially when considering a company's size, it is not impossible. Educating employees on cyber risks is a crucial step toward understanding the risks and consequences. A company may spend a lot of money on great technology, but if employees don't submit to instructions, the cybersecurity program lacks success.
A data breach occurs when important, sensitive, or confidential information becomes illegally accessed. Millions of individuals and many companies have experienced their fair share of data breaches in the last few years. Unfortunately, risks associated with data breaches are only becoming exacerbated by the expansion of technology, awareness of threats, and carelessness by regulators. Additionally, hackers have more resources to infiltrate software systems. For example, in 2018, Under Armour, a popular athletic brand, was breached by hackers, giving them access to usernames, e-mail addresses, and passwords for nearly 150 million users. Data exposure, another form of a data breach, lurks as an ever-growing threat to cybersecurity. Data exposure is when data is improperly stored, thus becoming accessible to anyone. This often happens when software users require negligible authorization to the information. An example of an opportunity for potential data exposure is when Twitter admitted that it had been storing user passwords in an unprotected internal log, thus granting access to anyone.
Cyberattacks have become more common and will continue to expand with the increase of cybercriminal resources and minimal knowledge required to execute these attacks. It is no longer a challenge to enter the world of cybercrime either, and prior stigma associated with it has also lessened over the years. In fact, incentives appear to outweigh the ethical issues often associated with cybercrime since the internet is often viewed as a place that doesn't really "exist." Ransomware serves as one example of a growing cybercrime. It's a form of malware that attacks your computer, takes hold of information, and then refuses to release the data until a ransom is paid.
Certainly a more recent phenomenon, mining cryptocurrencies is becoming increasingly popular, and not one to likely fade away anytime soon. Many hackers use cryptocurrency as ransom, and new strategies are emerging. In fact, The IT Security Guru believes it to be on track toward becoming the biggest cybercrime. Although the technology behind cryptomining is complex and requires a lot of information, hackers are finding new ways to secretly implement malware onto computers of innocent bystanders. Hackers are discovering ways in which they can infect a computer while it does all the dirty work and the hacker makes a profit.
Knowledge is power when it comes to cybercrime! Knowing the most prevalent cybercrimes can help you set up business practices and implement systems to prevent them from ever happening to your business.


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HomeEconomyDebts? Five perspectives to keep an eye on in 2023
Debts? Five perspectives to keep an eye on in 2023
By Debra
Brazil ends the year 2022 with some records accumulated in terms of indebtedness and defaults – and by all indications, the situation may persist in 2023.
According to the Peic (Consumer Indebtedness and Default Survey), carried out by the CNC (National Confederation of Commerce in Goods, Services and Tourism), the share of families with debts, in arrears or not, stood at 78.9% in November of this year. The rate is lower than the 79.2% in October, but higher than the 75.6% in November 2021.
The survey also pointed out that defaulting families, that is, with overdue debts, totaled 30.3% in November this year. The level is the same as the previous month, which was already the highest in the series started in 2010.
Among defaulters, those who reported not being able to settle their debts jumped from 10.6% to 10.9%.
There are also among those indebted those families that requested the payroll loan destined to beneficiaries of the Auxílio Brasil, income transfer program granted by the federal government.
According to the Ministry of Citizenship, one in every six beneficiary families requested the loan by November 1 – there were more than 3.4 million concessions in total. The information was obtained by the G1 via the Access to Information Act.
In the payroll loan, the installments are deducted directly from the payroll.
But according to the economist at Serasa Experian, Luiz Rabi, the moment is not propitious to contract debt. "Interest rates are high and rising right now, meaning the timing is not ideal," he says.
In addition to high interest rates, high inflation and the exchange rate also make the moment more difficult, explains the expert.
"I see little room for reducing defaults, at least until the end of the first half of 2023", predicts Rabi.
"The interest rate and inflation may improve in the second half, but until then, expectations are not good."
For those who are in debt or with overdue loan installments, BBC News Brasil gathered some of the main indicators that are worth observing and forecasts for the year ahead.
According to Luiz Rabi, the default scenario in Brazil can be explained mainly by the increase in inflation – an indicator that tends to improve by the end of 2023, but which may remain high in the first months of the year.
In March 2022, the country registered an inflation of 1.62%, the highest for this month since the launch of the Real Plan, in 1994.
The market expects the IPCA to close the year at 5.79%, according to the Focus Bulletin released on December 12.
As for 2023, the economists consulted by the Central Bank in the report estimated that the inflation index will end the year at 5.08%.
And the rise in prices directly affects purchasing power, leading many Brazilian families to accumulate debts or leave bills in arrears.
According to a survey carried out by the CNDL (National Confederation of Store Managers) and by the SPC Brasil (Credit Protection Service) and released at the end of November, the creditor sector that concentrates most of the debts in the country is that of banks, with 61, 34% of the total. Next come commerce (12.67%), the communication sector (12.67%) and water and electricity, with 10.89% of total debts.
Selic rate
With inflation rising, the Central Bank also had to raise interest rates to combat rising prices. "This is the second variable that impacts default", says the economist at Serasa Experian.
The process of increasing the Selic – which represents the basic interest rate of the Brazilian economy – began in March 2021. Since then, the rate has gone from 2% per year to 13.75%.
And in a scenario of high global inflation and political uncertainties such as the current one, the prospect is that interest rates will not fall anytime soon. "If inflation stabilizes until the second semester, it may be that the interest rate will also be adjusted", says Rabi.
According to the most recent Focus Bulletin, the forecast for the Selic rate at the end of 2023 is 11.75%.
revolving credit card
Rates for those who purchase purchases on credit also show no signs of slowing down.
The interest rate on the revolving credit card varied from 390.7% a year in September to 399.5% in October, according to data from the Monetary and Credit Statistics Bulletin, released by the Central Bank.
This is the highest value since August 2017, when it stood at 428%.
The revolving credit line is the pre-approved credit line on the card and also includes withdrawals made using the credit function of the means of payment.
Without the prospect of a significant decrease in the Selic rate in 2023, economists also do not see much chance of a drop in this rate.
And according to Serasa Experian, the credit card remains the main driver of debts among defaulters.
"In line with the previous year, credit card debts impact 53% of indebted Brazilians", highlighted a survey by the institution released in October this year.
According to Luiz Rabi, the dollar exchange rate also indirectly impacts debt and default rates.
"The exchange rate influences inflation, which affects the population's consumption power and the interest rate", he says.
The market forecast is that the dollar will close 2022 at R$ 5.25, an expectation that also remains for the end of 2023.
When it comes to employment in Brazil, forecasts are for stabilization at the positive rates of recent months.
Unemployment in the third quarter of this year recorded the lowest rate since 2014. According to data from the Pnad (National Household Sample Survey) Continuous, from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), unemployment in the country was 8, 3% in the quarter ended last month.
This rate represents a decrease of 0.8 percentage points in relation to the previous quarter (May to July). Compared to the same quarter of 2021, the drop was 3.8 percentage points.
The unemployed population was 9 million people, which represents a decrease of 8.7% compared to the quarter ended in July. It is the lowest level since July 2015.
Among the discouraged, who are people who would like to work but do not look for a job because they think they would not find one, the number reaches 4.2 million people.
The performance reflects the heating up of the economy in the first half of 2022, in the post-pandemic period, but according to experts it should lose pace between the end of this year and the beginning of 2023.
This text was originally published here.
I have over 10 years of experience working in the news industry. I have worked for several different news organizations, including a large news website like News Bulletin 247. I am an expert in the field of economics and have written several books on the subject. I am a highly skilled writer and editor, and have a strong knowledge of social media. I am a highly respected member of the news industry, and my work has been featured in many major publications.
China launches biggest ever air strike against Taiwan
Xi calls for effective Covid measures after China's spike in cases
Uber, Google and other companies are betting on blogs to attract new employees
War Game Players Leaked Confidential Military Documents to Win Argument
Pensions: Hatzidakis announces additional intervention for the personal dispute
Story: NBA players voted for Chet Holmgren, who has not played a game, as an All Star starter!
Seu Jorge manages to register a son named Samba
Against Russia – Germany for Burbok's comment about war – Zakharova asked the German ambassador for an explanation
Janja asks for R$50,000 from a Jovem Pan commentator who said she smokes marijuana
Pyrgos, the next development city of Special Olympics Hellas


I've coded this app and am looking for a partner with Casino marketing knowledge and time to invest in this project.
I have coding skills and can transform this website to fit the needs of users and my future partners recommendations.
Please send me you offers, looking forward.


text:
Matthew Lopez
BA, University of Central Florida. Studying theatre at Northeastern University. Dancer at Walt Disney World. Background dancer for Hillary Duff in the Christmas Day Parade televised on ABC, Sean Kingston and Wyclef Jean on PBS, Demi Lovato on Good Morning America. Mascot for the New England Patriots and currently a choreographer for the New England Patriots cheerleaders. Featured on Live with Regis and Kelly. Audition facilitator for a Nicki Minaj performance and lead dancer in Times Square for the debut of her album, Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded. Choreographed for Madison Square Garden and New York Knicks pre-game show; choreographed for R&B/Pop artist, Sid Haywoode, whose song, "No Excuses," was #6 on Europe's dance-hit chart. Serves on the committee for the Bessie Dance Awards. Teaches across the United States and abroad in the Philippines, Japan, Colombia, Israel, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Selected as one of the Top 12 Dance Convention Teachers in the USA by Dance Informa Magazine. Currently teaching hip hop/street jazz at Steps on Broadway, Broadway Dance Center, Ballet Hispanico, New York Theatre Ballet, and the New York Film Academy. SLC, 2017–
Component—Fall
This class is an open-level class in hip-hop dance. Depending on the instructor, it may include elements of breaking, popping, locking, etc. Class will begin with a warmup, leading to a high-energy combination. While this class is intended for students with some previous dance experience, no prior experience in hip-hop or street dance is required.


text:
Q: How to get involved in open-source project? (Android/java programmer) My question might sound stupid and not suitable for this site, but i dont have any better place to ask then here, so please bear with me.
Im a college student that love playing with android. Around last year, i changed my main OS to Ubuntu, and i found its amazing. So, i decided that i want to help developing open-source project.
However, ubuntu uses C++ & QML, not java so i cant code for them. Do you know where i can find a good or widely use android open-source project?
I know i can find some projects in code.google, but theres too many project. I dont know which one is suitable/good for me.
Any help/suggestion is appreciated (im still a college student after all). And if you wondering "why dont i learn c++?", well i think i dont have enough time to learn now because i also have a part-time job as a android developer. Thats why i prever android, or at least java.
Thanks for your time

A: Helping an open source project is a good cause, but motivation is more important. If you're coding for the sake of coding, my motivation wavers without a goal or a deep interest.  First, you must decide what is important to you, or what interests you.  Pick the field.  Then try to find an open source project based on your passion.  Usually contributing is as easy as getting the source, viewing their buglist, and getting familiar with their forums and submission guidelines.  The first accepted fix will most likely not be your first submission, so have patience, persist, and participate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lee Memphis King is the producer and director of the most authentic production to leather2the greatest entertainer of the last century, Elvis Presley. An orchestra of amazing musicians and backing vocalists coupled with impressive video screens mapping out Elvis's life and music.
In this latest production, Lee Memphis King portrays Elvis Presley at his peak from the iconic 'Comeback Special' and of course the 'Vegas Years'. Resplendent in the most authentic costumes from Elvis's performances and an orchestra backing this incredible performer prepare to be taken back in time to see Elvis in the way it was.
The first half of the show opens with a tribute to the most iconic TV Music production in music history The '68 Comeback Special'. Hound Dog, Heartbreak Hotel and Don't Be Cruel are all recreated in the most authentic reproduction of the TV Special. The first half closes with an incredible rendition of 'If I Can Dream'.


You owe it to yourself to make a step-wise business lead generation plan and execute it. Now is a great time to dream afresh and seek new trade & business opportunities that takes you ahead in 2019.
How to Grow Fast as an Entrepreneur?
Why Influencer Marketing is Important for Business?
Influencer Marketing is a very simple and effective tool to reach a mass target market for a business. It will soon be clear why it's important to do Influencer Marketing for a business to succeed in reaching its goals.


text:
Published on December 13, 20200
League of Maidens open alpha release date announced
Developer Maiden Gaming has announced the League of Maidens open alpha release date. After many months of speculation and development, as the small indie team added a host of features – we discovered League of Maidens in January 2017 -, it will be available to play in February 25, 2021. The action RPG is already available on Steam if you want to wishlist it.
Initially designed as an action RPG based around a multiplayer online arena gameplay loop, League of Maidens has evolved and expanded into other modes. Now you can play an adventure mode with quests, and there are activities such as fishing and photo posing. The character creation options are incredibly in-depth, with dozens of sliders for every little bit that you would expect from a game about sexy female superheroes. You can go crazy if you want to, because League of Maidens allows for over-the-top customization.
Watch the League of Maidens open alpha announcement trailer below, but make sure that you look around before pressing play.


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Shangri-La-Paris Entrance
TWO OF HONG KONG'S FIVE STAR HOTEL GROUPS WIN PALACE STATUS FOR THEIR ICONIC PARIS PROPERTIES
Paris has some decent hotels, some that are awful and a few that are majestic. Two of my favourites in the last category have just been given the French government's ultimate accolade.
Shangri-La Paris La Suite Imperiale
[dropcap size=small]T[/dropcap]he Mandarin Oriental Paris and the Shangri-La Paris have both been granted 'Palace status' by Atout Paris, the French Agency for Tourism Development.
According to the Mandarin 'the Palace' accolade is only provided to "the best five-star hotels that fulfil certain stringent criteria and embody French standards of excellence."
The award was established in 2010 and was designed to "enhance the image of France throughout the world. " Both the Mandarin and Shangri-La Paris opened to great fanfare just under four years ago and this is the first time they have been granted the award.
The "Palace" status has been given to just eight properties in Paris. Apart from the Mandarin and the Shangri-La, the other six are Le Bristol, Le Four Seasons Hotel George V, Le Meurice, Le Park Hyatt Paris Vendôme, Le Plaza Athénée and Royal Monceau – Raffles.
The new Peninsula Paris, which opens its doors next month, is not yet on the list and may well have to wait at least four years to be included if the experience of the Mandarin and Shangri-La is any guide. Atout Paris gathers a weighty dossier on any property aspiring to Palace status and the judging process is notoriously tough.
"We are truly thrilled to have received this prestigious accolade," said Philippe Leboeuf, General Manager of Mandarin Oriental, Paris. "This is due to the hard work and dedication of our colleagues who aim to deliver daily the legendary service for which Mandarin Oriental is renowned. We will continue to focus on our mission which is to delight our guests, ensuring that their stay with us is a memorable one".
Mandarin Oriental Paris Royale Suite
My stay at the Mandarin last year was truly memorable and I loved the Art Deco property with its award-winning Spa and two Michelin starred restaurants. The rooms are very chic and the entire hotel has an air of romance and intrigue that is only possible when a property sits on Rue Saint-Honoré and is the next-door neighbour of Place Vendôme.
The Shangri-La has had the air of a palace from the moment it opened and during my stay at Christmas 2013 I was entranced by its beauty and gorgeous views of the Seine and Eiffel Tower. Although the hotel, in the former home of Prince Roland Bonaparte, is at one remove from the heart of Paris it has become a destination for the travelling elite.
"Obtaining this award is simply fantastic for the hotel and all its team members," said Stefan Bollhalder, the Shangri-La Paris' general manager. "It is a recognition of the hard work and dedication of all of us to provide our guests with unforgettable experiences and make of Shangri-La Hotel, Paris a home away from home. "
Despite the awards, the Mandarin or the Shangri-La are unlikely to rest on their laurels. With the Peninsula opening and the Ritz and Hôtel de Crillon coming back on stream next year the competition to become the best hotel in Paris can only become more intense.
..Read more in Quintessentially Asia.
French Agency for Tourism DevelopmentPALACE STATUSShangri-La ParisThe Mandarin Oriental Paris


text:
Judge acquits 2 men of perjury in inmate's exoneration
NEW ORLEANS – Two men were acquitted Monday on perjury charges that were filed after they recanted their stories in a 1993 murder case — resulting in the release of the convicted suspect.
State District Judge Ben Willard in New Orleans, who heard arguments and testimony Friday, tersely pronounced Kevin Johnson and Hakim Shabazz not guilty in a morning proceeding that lasted a matter of seconds. He said the state had not met its burden of proof in the perjury case.
Prosecutors had insisted the two should be punished for lying — whether it was when they were teenagers two decades ago, or as adults two decades later.
"This is a case that never should have been accepted in the first place," Johnson's attorney, Robert Hjortsberg, said outside the courthouse. "The timing of the acceptance of these charges was suspect in the sense that it looked vindictive. And I don't think anybody can deny that."
The District Attorney's Office did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment.
Recantations by Johnson and Shabazz helped the organization known as The Innocence Project New Orleans win freedom for Jerome Morgan, who was convicted in 1994 and spent 20 years behind bars. The victim in the case, 16-year-old Clarence Landry, died when a gunman opened fire at a party in 1993. Morgan was 17-years-old when he was arrested.
Defense stressed that the two men were teenagers when the shooting happened. They said the men were courageous to risk prosecution by recanting their stories. A perjury conviction could have resulted in anywhere from five to 40 years in prison.
Prosecutors say their false statements had consequences — whether they sent an innocent man to prison or enabled a killer to go free.
Shabazz, Johnson and Morgan all were at a Sweet 16 party where a gunman opened fire in 1993. Shabazz and another person were wounded. Landry was killed.
Morgan was convicted at trial the next year. He was freed in 2014 and charges were officially dropped in 2016.
Willard heard testimony and arguments Friday in the perjury case, the result of a 2015 indictment.


No reason to worry about drought (... yet).
Wetland depths are at (or near) their annual peak.
This chart shows KBDI drought readings (current, a month ago, a year ago, and normal) for various parts of Florida for September 15th.
South Florida's rainy season has about four weeks left.
From that point forward wetland levels start to drop.
Compare that to fall in the panhandle where its normally dry.


text:
Меленакен (Малонакен) — царь Куша (Нубия) в 555—542 годах до н. э.

Биография
Считают, что Меленакен был сыном царя Араматлеко и царицы Аманитакайе, хотя это мнение базируется только на предположениях. Его царственной супругой считается Тагтал, которая была похоронена в Нури (№ 45).

Меленакен известен по своей пирамиде (№ 5) в Нури, также из записи из Кава об исполненном обете; по блоках (из храма М. 242, 294) и другим объектам из Мероэ.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Malonaqen

Цари Куша
Правители Африки VI века до н. э.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With rain in the forecast be sure clear out your storm drain before hitting the road or snuggling in for a long weekend. Portland's storm drains help drain storm water quickly and efficiently and keep our streets safe. But when drains get clogged with fallen leaves and other debris, it can lead to ponding water in our streets and at our intersections. That makes it harder to drive, walk, bike and roll around town. Portland Bureau of Transportation crews work hard to keep the drains clear. But with over 58,000 drains in the city, they can't get to all of them. That's why we're asking Portlanders to adopt storm drains in their neighborhoods and help to keep them free and clear of leaves.


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Uppity Women of the New World
My research keeps circling the same issues. Women take two steps forward only to be told to take a step back. And yet, we have persisted. Attitudes are slow to change. When Harriot Kezia Hunt first applied to medical school, the 1851 class of Harvard is left with the notoriety of stating, "We could allow you to attend medical lectures – but of course you cannot earn a degree. We are not opposed to allowing woman her rights, but do protest against her appearing in places where her presence is calculated to destroy our respect for modesty and delicacy of her sex."
Wow! I get it! Men fear us. But why do they feel threatened? And why have we let them? Even a 12 year old prodigy in 1783 was denied admission to Yale simply due to her sex. Yale's first female reject went on to a career as dutiful wife, mother of 10 and to a private life. What a waste to the world (except in her procreating of 10, of course).
Here is Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who is credited as the "smallpox savior." While living in Turkey with her ambassador husband, she learned about the local custom of inoculating healthy folks against smallpox, using a mild form of the live virus. It was estimated that there were 60 million deaths annually. She took this practice back to England, immunizing her own daughter and then the children of the royal family. She herself had been scarred by the disease, and her pursuits had soon crossed the ocean to the America's. By her death, a dozen years later, the death rate from smallpox had dropped from 30 percent to 2 percent.
Now we come to the first signed print of the Declaration of Independence. As the proprietor of the Baltimore Journal, Mary Katherine Goddard, a lifelong single woman and the first postmaster of Baltimore, was awarded the job of printing the nation's most sacred document in 1777. Every part of publishing, from book binding to setting type and ink, editor of select projects and running a bookstore, she did. One of her special projects was bringing out the American edition of The Letter of Lady Mary Montagu, the literate humanitarian who'd brought the smallpox vaccination to Europe and the American colonies.
As a "freebie", Mary Katherine paid couriers to deliver the "Declaration" throughout the thirteen colonies. After fourteen years running the post office, she lost her job. Cutbacks? Hardly. Her cushy federal post was thought "too difficult for a woman" by bureaucrats who had other "favors" to win.
How about blacksmithing? The colonies had many women who were skilled with red-hot metals. While husbands were away defending, women were the backbone of keeping the muskets and broken guns repaired, say nothing of the re-shod of horses.
And this brings me to Hannah Harris, a Virginia slave on the plantation Leo, one of eighteen belonging to slaveholder planter Robert Carter. Besides being literate, Hannah was a talented weaver and was often rented out for her flax-weaving skills. Even though Carter held thousands of human chattel, after the Revolutionary War and the enlightened new laws passed by Virginia, his religious conversion led him to begin the proceedings to free his slaves. Not all at once, as this would cause inconvenience. Over twenty-one years 500 slaves won freedom. When 1792 rolled around, Hannah got the news. She was thirty-seven and sat down to write Carter a letter, having thought long and hard about her future. In it she asked that she buy back her own loom so to make a living once free. Between 1782-1800, more than 10,000 slaves like Hannah were given their freedom.
Last but hardly least, comes some Quaker irony. After her husband's untimely death, Rebecca Pennock Lukens, went full speed ahead to fulfill her husband's contracts to deliver metal plates for the first American ironclad warship. From that stressful beginning, Rebecca built her company into a major player in the iron plate biz. Besides seagoing vessels, she won contracts to make locomotives and Mississippi steamboats. Quakers held a philosophy that women had brains and potential and besides her studies, she'd tag along to her father's mill to watch and learn.
Over time, Rebecca became a woman of wealth, a leading citizen and an enlightened employer. She built houses for her workers, awarded bonuses and provides working conditions that were better than most of her era. Five years after her death, the company honored her by renaming itself Lukens Iron Works (later Lukens Steel Company), which it remains today.
So, ladies, keep the faith. We've come a very long way. Be better by supporting each other to be better, do better. We've got this!
Kathleen Sterling July 1, 2018 About Oz Wisdoms and Lessons, Strong Women No Comments
← Teach Girls Bravery, Not Perfection
Lady Elizabeth, as in Taylor, Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire →


The Balkh governor Atta Mohammad Noor during his speech on Nowruz festival held in Balkh province said in order to approach the biggest goals specially to attend in the upcoming Presidential Election and achieve the people's rights, I will soon decide to resign.
Governor Noor has been on negotiation with President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani since months over chief executive rift even he apologized from his supporters over casting their votes for Abdullah Abdullah during his presidential race.
Amid Chief executive Abdullah Abdullah has yet to react over the previous and current remarks of the Balkh governor.


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Q: Why is MySQL is creating so many temporary tables on disk? Can any configuration mistake lead to creating too many temp tables by mysql..mysql tuner shows
Current max_heap_table_size = 200 M
Current tmp_table_size = 200 M
Of 17158 temp tables, 30% were created on disk

table_open_cache = 125 tables
table_definition_cache = 256 tables
You have a total of 97 tables
You have 125 open tables.
Current table_cache hit rate is 3%

Earlier temp table was "of the 23725 temp tables 38% were created on disk" but I changed max_heap and tmp_table to 200m from 16m and it lowered to 30%..
Configuration:
engine myisam
group_concat_max_len = 32768
key_buffer_size = 3.7 GB,
thread_stack = 256k,
table_cache = 125
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 2.00 M
max_connections = 800

Another system with default configuration is showing "of 23725 temp tables, 1% were created on disk" with the same database.
I tried changing to default on the machine with this issue and it still shows "Of 580 temp tables, 16% were created on disk".
I am using Ubuntu 11.4 64 bit with 48 gb ram. Can any one suggest a solution?
Will changing the db engine from "myisam" to "memory" on tables using "group by" fix this? As explained here: http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2007/08/16/how-much-overhead-is-caused-by-on-disk-temporary-tables/

A: "using temporary" and "using filesort" are not the end of the world!
SELECT ... GROUP BY a,b ORDER BY c,d --
Requires 1 or 2 "temp tables".
There are simply times when your queries will use temp tables.  Temp tables may slow down a query by a small factor.  But if the query is still "fast enough" then don't worry about it.
If the query is too slow (with or without tmp tables), let's discuss it.  Please provide SHOW CREATE TABLE, SHOW TABLE STATUS, and EXPLAIN.

A: mysqltuner rarely provides any useful information.  It uses mostly irrelevant statistics about "hit rates" and puts arbitrary limits on what is an acceptable number of widgets are acceptable.  If you are not facing a performance problem, then you don't actually need to solve any of the problems that it presents to you.  That being said, here's a little background information about temporary tables...
MySQL internally uses the MEMORY storage engine for creating implicit temporary tables.  On disk temporary tables use the MyISAM storage engine.
Temporary tables are created on disk when:

*

*TEXT or BLOB fields are present (because MEMORY doesn't support these types)

*the size of the resulting implicit temporary table exceeds the lesser of tmp_table_size or max_heap_table_size

*If a column w/ more than 512 bytes is used with either a GROUP BY or UNION or ORDER BY

Read the MySQL Documentation on Internal Temporary Tables for more details.
What can you do about this?  Presuming that it actually represents a performance problem (rather than just bothering you intelluctually):

*

*Avoid TEXT/BLOB fields and instead use appropriately sized VARCHAR or CHAR fields where possible.

*If TEXT/BLOB are unavoidable, sequester them to separate tables with a foreign key relationship and JOIN only when you need them.

*Treat large columns, more than 512 bytes as you would the above mentioned TEXT/BLOB fields.

*Make sure your queries are returning only the result set you need (appropriately selective WHERE clauses, avoid SELECT *)

*Avoid subqueries and replace them with joins, especially if they return a large result set

*Last resort - raise both tmp_table_size and max_heap_table_size.  Don't do this unless you find that your queries cannot be optimized.

If you are concerned about your MySQL configuration and are not comfortable with the available settings yourself, you might want to check out the Percona Configuration Wizard as a starting point.

Will changing the db engine from "myisam" to "memory" on tables using
  "group by" fix this? as explained here

No, it won't and it will make it such that your tables are never persisted to disk.  Don't do this.