text:
Q: C++ Forward Declaring Classes Within Classes The following simple piece of code compiles, although I don't understand why:
class C {
    class B;

    class A {
        B getB() { return B(); }
    };

    class B {
    };
};

int main(int, char**)
{
    return 0;
}

If I then comment out the "class C" stuff, so that the forward declaration of B, the definition of A and the definition of B are no longer nested within a class, the code does not compile, since B is of an incomplete type:
main.cpp: In member function 'B A::getB()':
main.cpp:6: error: return type 'struct B' is incomplete
main.cpp:6: error: invalid use of incomplete type 'struct B'
main.cpp:3: error: forward declaration of 'struct B'

I understand what it means for a type to be incomplete, namely that it has not been defined yet and so the compiler can't possibly know how much space to allocate for it. But why is B not considered incomplete in the code above, where A and B are both declared and defined inside of C?

A: The body of an inline member function is not processed until the class definition has been fully processed.
Hence, you can use:
class A
{
   class B;
   B getB() { return B(); }

   class B {};
};

That also allows member variables that are not yet declared to be used in inline member function definition.
class Foo
{
   int getBar() { return bar; }

   int bar;
};

I am guessing the same logic is extended to inline definitions of member functions of nested classes -- i.e. they are not processed until the containing class definition is completely processed.
PS I am unable to quickly locate the reference in the standard that would verify my claim.
PS 2 The answer by Barry has the reference in the standard that makes the code in the question valid.

A: The standard is explicit in mandating that the method's body is interpreted after the class that encloses it.
Thus at the time of evaluating the body of C::A::getB(), A, B and C are all complete types.

A: I believe this is a consequence of [basic.scope.class]:

The potential scope of a name declared in a class consists not only of the declarative region following the
  name's point of declaration, but also of all function bodies, default arguments, exception-specifications, and brace-or-equal-initializers of non-static data members in that class (including such things in nested
  classes).

That is, the scope of the full declaration of B includes the body of the member function of the nested class:
class C {
    class B; // (1)

    class A {
        B getB() {
            return B(); // both (1) and (2) in scope here
                        // since (2) is the complete type declaration,
                        // this is perfectly fine
        }
    };

    class B { // (2)
    };
};

By comparison, if C were a namespace instead of a class, the scope of the full declaration of class B would not extend into A::getB(). The only visible declaration would be the forward-declaration of B that I labeled (1) -  so B() would be the construction of an incomplete type there.

A: Besides that when I've got the need to forward declare nested classes I tend to smell some bad design in my code, the trick I use is:
// Foo.h
class Foo {
    class Bar {
    };
};
class Foobar : public Foo::Bar {};

// Zoo.h
/* Fwd declare */
class FooBar;


text:
Knocked Loose
Laugh Tracks
Written by: MAK on 16/11/2016 14:25:44
Beatdown, a sub-genre of hardcore known for its down-tuned riffage and desire to cause as much violence as possible, is the scene into which Oldham County quintet Knocked Loose fits in perfectly. Judging by the name alone, I can imagine some teeth flying from someone's face due to pit carnage. There is a certain irony to do with the fact that some would choose to call beatdown music pure noise, and Knocked Loose teaming up with Pure Noise Records to release their début album, "Laugh Tracks".
Kicking off with "Oblivions Peak", I am instantly ushered into the album with evil down-tuned riffs and an ominous tone that you know would trigger pits flooded with spin-kicks and arm-flails. Bryan Garris' vocals are incredibly raspy for the most part when he shouts, but he switches up his technique with some deeper growls and even the odd spoken word segment as the music drops. The spoken segment sounds even more sinister with vitriolic words such as "But in the end when it's your turn to be judged, you'll get what you fucking deserve you son of a bitch" — dark and vitriolic lyricism to match the dark nature of the music. The tempo for the opener isn't incredibly fast, but it picks up here and there for grooves to shine above the breakdown. Elsewhere, the variation of drum techniques shapes the mood in songs like "Deadringer" and "The Rain", and while the overall tone is still dark in nature, the beats in "Deadringer" in particular are occasionally bouncier, pushing between alt-metal and deathcore — almost like Emmure. Although the drumming in "The Rain" is far more in line with straight-up hardcore, with the enticing side-to-side drum rolls and two-step-conjuring half-time beats.
"Blood Will Have Blood" is far more progressive: it's slowed down, with a wall of guitar atmospherics smothering the mood for a good portion of the song, leading up for the finale to end in two-step rhythms to rock out to. It leads into one of the most violent tracks I've heard in a long time in "Counting Worms". This is a perfect example of the savage nature of the beatdown genre — much like "Death By My Side" by Desolated. You can listen to the slow down-tuned riffs, brutal chugs and dog-bark shouts, and just picture the chaos in the pits. You could easily set this song against clips of people kicking the crap out each at hardcore shows, and it would be incredibly fitting, and the same can be said of "Billy No Mates".
The larger chunk of music on "Laugh Tracks" thus serves one purpose; songs like this are designed for senseless aggression and nothing else. Then you come across a song like "My Heroes", which is more of a headbanger, unleashing awesome grooves to nod along to. During this type of song, you actually pay attention to the different rhythms and quality of musicianship on show instead of focusing on how intensely heavy it is. I feel this is what sets Knocked Loose above their genre peers. The potential to push beatdown forward is certainly there.
Download: Counting Worms, Deadringer, My Heroes, Oblivions Peak
For the fans of: Desolated, Nasty, Code Orange
Listen: Facebook
Release date 16.09.2016
Laugh Tracks by Knocked Loose
Related Items | How we score?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Clear hinged containers offer crystal clarity for superior product visibility. Dual bar locks ensure a secure closure, even after multiple openings, while sidewall ribbing and chamfered corners increase strength and durability. Lightweight, crush-resistant and stackable. Serve multiple applications.


text:
/*================================================================================
  code generated by: java2cpp
  author: Zoran Angelov, mailto://baldzar@gmail.com
  class: javax.net.ServerSocketFactory
================================================================================*/

#ifndef J2CPP_INCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION

#ifndef J2CPP_JAVAX_NET_SERVERSOCKETFACTORY_HPP_DECL
#define J2CPP_JAVAX_NET_SERVERSOCKETFACTORY_HPP_DECL

namespace j2cpp { namespace java { namespace net { class ServerSocket; } } }
namespace j2cpp { namespace java { namespace net { class InetAddress; } } }
namespace j2cpp { namespace java { namespace lang { class Object; } } }

#include <java/lang/Object.hpp>
#include <java/net/InetAddress.hpp>
#include <java/net/ServerSocket.hpp>

namespace j2cpp {

namespace javax { namespace net {

	class ServerSocketFactory;
	class ServerSocketFactory
		: public object<ServerSocketFactory>
	{
	public:

		J2CPP_DECLARE_CLASS

		J2CPP_DECLARE_METHOD(0)
		J2CPP_DECLARE_METHOD(1)
		J2CPP_DECLARE_METHOD(2)
		J2CPP_DECLARE_METHOD(3)
		J2CPP_DECLARE_METHOD(4)
		J2CPP_DECLARE_METHOD(5)

		explicit ServerSocketFactory(jobject jobj)
		: object<ServerSocketFactory>(jobj)
		{
		}

		operator local_ref<java::lang::Object>() const;

		static local_ref< javax::net::ServerSocketFactory > getDefault();
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > createServerSocket();
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > createServerSocket(jint);
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > createServerSocket(jint, jint);
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > createServerSocket(jint, jint, local_ref< java::net::InetAddress >  const&);
	}; //class ServerSocketFactory

} //namespace net
} //namespace javax

} //namespace j2cpp

#endif //J2CPP_JAVAX_NET_SERVERSOCKETFACTORY_HPP_DECL

#else //J2CPP_INCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION

#ifndef J2CPP_JAVAX_NET_SERVERSOCKETFACTORY_HPP_IMPL
#define J2CPP_JAVAX_NET_SERVERSOCKETFACTORY_HPP_IMPL

namespace j2cpp {

javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::operator local_ref<java::lang::Object>() const
{
	return local_ref<java::lang::Object>(get_jobject());
}

local_ref< javax::net::ServerSocketFactory > javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::getDefault()
{
	return call_static_method<
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_CLASS_NAME,
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_NAME(1),
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_SIGNATURE(1),
		local_ref< javax::net::ServerSocketFactory >
	>();
}

local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::createServerSocket()
{
	return call_method<
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_CLASS_NAME,
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_NAME(2),
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_SIGNATURE(2),
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket >
	>(get_jobject());
}

local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::createServerSocket(jint a0)
{
	return call_method<
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_CLASS_NAME,
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_NAME(3),
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_SIGNATURE(3),
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket >
	>(get_jobject(), a0);
}

local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::createServerSocket(jint a0, jint a1)
{
	return call_method<
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_CLASS_NAME,
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_NAME(4),
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_SIGNATURE(4),
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket >
	>(get_jobject(), a0, a1);
}

local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket > javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::createServerSocket(jint a0, jint a1, local_ref< java::net::InetAddress > const &a2)
{
	return call_method<
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_CLASS_NAME,
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_NAME(5),
		javax::net::ServerSocketFactory::J2CPP_METHOD_SIGNATURE(5),
		local_ref< java::net::ServerSocket >
	>(get_jobject(), a0, a1, a2);
}

J2CPP_DEFINE_CLASS(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,"javax/net/ServerSocketFactory")
J2CPP_DEFINE_METHOD(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,0,"<init>","()V")
J2CPP_DEFINE_METHOD(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,1,"getDefault","()Ljavax/net/ServerSocketFactory;")
J2CPP_DEFINE_METHOD(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,2,"createServerSocket","()Ljava/net/ServerSocket;")
J2CPP_DEFINE_METHOD(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,3,"createServerSocket","(I)Ljava/net/ServerSocket;")
J2CPP_DEFINE_METHOD(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,4,"createServerSocket","(II)Ljava/net/ServerSocket;")
J2CPP_DEFINE_METHOD(javax::net::ServerSocketFactory,5,"createServerSocket","(IILjava/net/InetAddress;)Ljava/net/ServerSocket;")

} //namespace j2cpp

#endif //J2CPP_JAVAX_NET_SERVERSOCKETFACTORY_HPP_IMPL

#endif //J2CPP_INCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
One minute you're writing a work email and the next you're downing a Black Tooth Grin; this is the beauty of a livestream.
It was 4pm PST on a Friday, and A Vulgar Display of Pantera was starting. This was to be a livestream in the truest sense of the word; I'd be catching it live… in all its excitement and fits of technological mishaps.
I didn't mind this at all; it made it much more exciting and real. After an opening set by King Parrot, whose show made me almost feel like I could smell that suffocating room, we were promptly in The Fillmore New Orleans. But there was no sound.
I could, however, tell that they were playing Suicide Note Pt. 1, and along with everyone else in the chat, was lamenting aka freaking out that I couldn't hear it. These livestreams have not come without a lot of refreshing, etc….so, by the time "A New Level" hit, we had indeed found a whole new level of volume.
It was very exciting. Phil's voice has improved over the years. I've been on this ride with many a metal singer; we are in rather uncharted territory with how these voices age. There have been people I have completely sworn off ever going to see again, only to end up in front of their stage somehow again, mouth agape. Healthier lifestyle? Tech help? Sold their soul to the devil or found god? Who knows… but whatever Phil did worked and we are all better for it.
"A long time ago I never knew myself…" Sure, it is hard to watch people try to keep up with Dimebag's playing. I was lucky enough to see Dimebag twice as a teenage metalhead. If his memory died with him, tragically, you need to revisit videos, books, everything to remember what an incredible player and all around nut he was. I'll tell you a little secret, something that will get me expelled from metal circles but is something I have kept as one of my truths that I knew in my heart of hearts since when I was 12 or so: I love Metallica, but I don't think Kirk Hammett is great guitar player! There, I said it. Phew. It's because I grew up with Pantera as my metal band as a Texas girl, and very few can hold a candle to Dime.
Anyway, Phil said there were 50 people in the audience, and it made the difference in allowing some banter in, making the show feel a little more 'real'. And he addressed the livestream crowd: "people are fucking cooped up, and they want some fucking jams". Are they still? My day-to-day life is not very changed pre and post pandemic, but I went somewhere the other day and no one seemed to be wearing a mask anymore, and that was in über strict CA. All I know is that I can't find a real live show to go to still!
"There's nothing special about it
It's either there when you're born or not
Gifted with talent, are no big deal
Welcome to the death of a century"
'Death of a century'…hmmm. That really captures what it feels like is happening right now. Phil is barefoot on stage talking about how much Dime and Vince would have loved the carrying on of the legacy of Pantera. Dropping the nugget that he and Dime's favorite track off 1996's The Great Southern Trendkill was "War Nerve". I think back to 1996. All the Pantera CD's in one of those big, heavy binders in my car. Listened to til they wore out. My friend Yoyo and I, when we got excited, would look at each other and go, "Yeah Pantera!" It wasn't until many years later that I would read that Dime and Vinnie Paul would do the same thing but with 'Van Halen'! In fact, these were Dime's LAST WORDS.
In fact, the subject of Dimebag comes up often in my house, and that's not only because my cat is named after him. Have you ever watched either of the DimeVisions? The dude was an insane partier. But beyond that, how would he have fared in today's woke culture? His confederate flag guitar? How about the conversation around guns if what happened to him had happened to someone else in the band, or another band? WWDDD?
"This Love"->"I'm Broken" were perhaps my favorite part. Hard to pick! Because then, they left for the encore…and found out about the opening's audio issue. So they replayed "Suicide Note Pt. 1"! Rad!
Then Phil invited a little boy from the crowd named Roman up to help perform his favorite song, "Walk", and all of a sudden all of us were really glad we were at home with access to tissues because I don't know about you but I got something in my eye. He was so cute! And the dynamic with his mom and Phil up there just added such a sweetness to the strength of the rest of the evening. My husband and I learned we couldn't conceive a couple years ago, so we won't have the joy of sharing our love of metal with our child. It's been hard! So, we unexpectedly cried during "Walk"… who knew?!
The set ended with "Sandblasted Skin" and then a lot of whining in the chat due to no "CFH" or "Cemetery Gates". Hey… the best things in life leave you wanting more. Right? Maybe. Still haven't figured that one out.
A great video of 1994 Panterica featuring Jason Newsted doing "Whiplash" with Dimebag on vocals and Phil on guitar!!


text:
Home » News » Run for Presidency in 2023, Waive tells Osinbajo
Run for Presidency in 2023, Waive tells Osinbajo
Francis Waive
By Festus Ahon
ASABA-THE member representing Ughelli North/Ughelli South/Udu Federal Constituency in the House of Representatives, Revd Francis Waive, has called on Vice President Yemi Osinbajo to contest the 2023 Presidential election on the Platform of the All Progressives Congress APC.
Waive in a statement, insisted that the nobody from the People's Democratic Party, PDP could match the candidacy of Prof Osinbajo, adding that; "the Vice President will win the 2023 elections with ease from the APC."
READ ALSO:Northern group to Buhari: Review list of INEC nominees before Senate confirmation
The Lawmaker who is the Deputy Chairman of the House Committe on Power as well as Chairman Nigeria Niger Parliamentary Friendship Group, called on APC leaders to do the needful and support Prof Osinbajo if the party is to win the 2023 Presidential election.
He said; "the Vice President has displayed all the character traits of a good leader. He is a trustworthy and loyal Vice to President Mohammedu Buhari.
"Prof Osinbajo has proven capacity to turn the fortunes of this country around building on the foundation laid by the present administration. Nigeria needs a younger leader like Prof Osinbajo who has the presence of mind, vast contacts around the country and respect for the multi ethnic and multi religious dimensions of our country.
"Prof Osinbajo's intellectual dept, managerial abilities, patience and tolerance is what our country needs at this crucial time in our history.
"I therefore call on all people of goodwill to pray and work for the emergence of Prof Osinbajo as President of Nigeria come 2023".
Comments expressed here do not reflect the opinions of vanguard newspapers or any employee thereof.
Road transport: Lagos gridlock surmountable -Commissioner January 21, 2022
There should be plan to sustain rice revolution – Onamade January 21, 2022
AFCON 2021: Super Eagles to face Tunisia in Round of 16 January 20, 2022


'Batterygate': Apple's latest iPhone controversy?
Only weeks after the iPhone 4S launch, users are experiencing battery-related issues, thought to be linked to location support. Could 'Batterygate' be Apple's latest controversy?
Within a couple of weeks of last year's iPhone 4 launch, a significant number of users had noticed decreasing cell bars on their phone display if the handset was held in a particular way.
For Apple, It might be smartphone glitch déjà vu. Within a couple of weeks of the iPhone 4S launch, a large number of users have now noticed rapidly decreasing battery levels for no apparent reason.
There appears to be a running trend here.
Since the iPhone 4S was released, the Guardian questioned why the smartphone dropped 100 hours of standby time, in favour of better 3G talktime of its 2007 first-generation iPhone.
Apple remained quiet, refusing to offer an explanation as to why the iPhone 4S was 'losing' power.
The Guardian set about testing and examining the data, questioning whether it was a hardware-related 'bug' or that it could have even been the iOS 5 software itself -- with some developers saying the mobile operating system was "hefty on the battery".
Apple reportedly got in touch with a number of iPhone 4S users -- perhaps an unusual step for a company to make -- yet actions taken by the Cupertino giant which, as Steve Jobs reiterated during its 'Antennagate' press conference in July, may not surprise many of Apple's die-hard fans.
A senior Apple engineer "apologised" for the bug that he reportedly admitted to existing in the iPhone 4S, noting that they "aren't close to finding a fix".
In the space of only a few days, however, it appears a location services bug may be to blame; though, keen to stress the word "may".
The Guardian once again reported a possible issue relating to the location-based features in the smartphone, which detects a user's timezone based on physical location. The "Setting Time Zone" feature, according to CNET, searches for cell towers constantly rather than only occasionally.
"It appears that iOS 5's GM release introduced a bug that causes the Setting Time Zone function to keep the location tracking circuitry running constantly, draining battery power considerably. [...] We have tested this method on four different iPhone 4s handsets, including an iPhone 4 and an iPhone 3GS. All have reported drastically improved battery life after switching 'Setting Time Zone' off."
Though the battery life 'issue' is far from the only bug in Apple's iOS 5 smartphone operating system, it does seem to be the most invasive and debilitating for users of the recently released handset.
From a pool of a few thousand to tens of millions in the space of a fortnight or two, it should come as no surprise that bugs and flaws will be discovered along the way. What appears to be a software bug will need to be fixed.
iOS "5.0.1" looms as an all but inevitable, necessary update to the recently released iOS 5 operating system. Depending on the prevalence of the issue, where data metrics collected by Apple will no doubt show -- should there be a press conference like Antennagate to address such issues, Apple may wait until other 'issues' can be rolled into the update.
Or, having said that, it may just appease the mass hysteria conjured up by journalists, bloggers and frantic customers and issue a sugar-pill-like patch, to at least calm the often overly-hyperactive media.
Historically, this should not necessarily be seen as Apple 'admitting guilt', no more so than any other company that produces software or hardware on a global level, which has to contend with a widening pool of real-life software testers.
We are all, after all, ongoing silent testers of software and devices. Apple and Microsoft, Google or any other company for that matter may "listen to its customers", but the user metrics and customer improvement metrics speak louder in mass than the voice of a few individuals as part of a focus group, for example.
Within days of Steve Jobs taking to the stage to greet press over the media-dubbed 'Antennagate', the Cupertino company released iOS 4.0.1 into the wild, to fix at least the software-side problems that encompassed the signal issue.
Mac OS X Lion is no different, with an incremental update within a few days of the revamped operating system going live. Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 are no stranger to this, nor is any other operating system for desktop or mobile alike. In fact, I cannot think of a time whereby an operating system has not had post-launch updates rolled out to users' within say, a month after it was first released.
What could, however, make a stark difference between 'Antennagate' and a potential 'Batterygate' is whether the software is at fault, or whether the hardware is the root cause.
While car manufacturers worldwide scramble to recall their flock of vehicles to repair broken steering locks or braking mechanisms, Apple's dealings with Antennagate led to 'solutions' for a fix, rather than a recall of stock itself.
It had two options: offer some form of quick-fix to enable the device to bypass the issue of the natural hand-holding position -- natural to the most of us -- or offer a refund for those still not pleased. This in effect was Apple's handling of the stock-recall, should one wish to do so. Seeing as one does not often rest one's life in the hands of a smartphone per se, unlike a car, for example, Apple saw no need to recall the handsets.
It was a wise move, and it appeased the mass hysterics of frankly, the media. As part of this collective, I accept our innate flaws of wanting to reach the headlines. As Apple is a world leading company with public stock and shares, a recall would be at least in business sense, practically suicidal.
How the company will handle the situation will be interesting, as the first 'controversy' for the company to encounter in the post-Jobs era.
Guardian: iPhone 4S: why has standby time dropped?
ZDNet: How will 'Antennagate' affect Apple's consumer perception?


We return to the Metropolitan Club in the Willis Tower for our conference for software quality assurance and software risk management working in finance. Cutting-edge technologies for better apps, delivered faster.
We're all hearing the buzzwords of AI, machine learning, chatbots, and next-generation testing. Does this mean that the days of traditional testing as we know and practice it are over? Eran Kinsbruner doesn't think so. Join him to learn about the clear transformation happening toward smarter testing techniques and tools.
Expert speakers from leading financial firms will be sharing the lessons of their IT transformation projects. If you need to build the business case of investment in automated testing and quality assurance, you must be there. Located for your convenience in the heart of Canary Wharf.
Major financial firms such as J.P. Morgan Chase and Transamerica will be sharing the story of their digital journey at the QA Financial forum New York in November 2018. This will be our third event at the Harvard Club of New York City.
Software quality assurance is critical to market share. This unique conference is focused on the key drivers of QA, including automated testing, performance testing and mobile testing. We will be diving into the latest in machine learning and virtualization technologies.
This is QA Media's first conference for heads of software quality assurance and software risk management designed for the public sector. We are launching at a time when UK government agencies are reviewing their technology partnerships and considering options for future long-term investment in IT.
Our agenda features speakers from leading banks, insurance companies and asset managers as well as exchanges and payments platforms.
Introducing the first ever QA Financial Forum Milan, featuring an impressive lineup of speakers, including experts from leading Italian financial firms and regulatory bodies.
Introducing the 2nd edition of the QA Financial Forum New York.


This episode was a lot better! I'm back on board and excited to see what happens next! ^^ Also, I feel a little stupid for only realising now, that they are using SeungYoon's actual solo song 'Wild and Young' for The Band I Don't Know's (WonYoung's band) performances!
The morning has arrived and WonYoung is dreaming of a hip-hop version of the guy who gave him the job the previous night (who happens to be dancing around and miming to I'm Him by bandmate Mino ^^). Having been startled awake, the man is before him and the music is coming from NaNi's phone.
WonYoung picks up and starts to argue with NaNi who demands to know why he has her phone, not realising she forgot it at the shop. She then tells him to bring it to her, and only when she offers to pay him $300 to do so, does he shoot out of the shop asking where she is! (who pays that much?! She could get a new phone for that!).
Meanwhile, WooRi is at the dinner table with the rest of the house residents, who are happily digging into the feast left by Mr Cha (who is on the balcony… his little bubbles say that he is sorry and that he will make the money soon and be back). HyunDong angers WooRi by telling her that WonYoung hasn't returned since last night and insinuating that she cares. This gets him a lecture and a face full of rice (Ewww! WooRi don't speak with your mouth full!!).
While the rest start chatting amongst themselves, WooRi looks over and recalls a cute scene of her and WonYoung from the past. It was when they made a promise not to stay out all night (as she had been pulling all nighters at the library) and that he would take care of her if times were hard.
HyunDong tells her to give him a call if she is worried and get another face full of rice (eww. this does not get any more pleasant…). She storms of and in the next scene she is in the club room contemplating whether or not she should care to call him. She decides not to, instead she begins to throw darts at the board full of couple photos!
Jimin is shocked by the dart slamming into the board next to the door as she comes in (wine glass and bottle in hand as usual haha) and the pair talk about dating. Jimin is once shocked, but this time by the fact that WooRi assumes that she is single. WooRi comes to the conclusion that she is going to succeed and buy up all the men!
WonYoung has reached the theatre/television station (?) and when NaNa phones him she playfully tells him to look for the most attractive and tallest woman. She walks over to him, takes her phone out of his hands, tells him to wait where he is and then rushes off.
WonYoung is taken aback and wants his money, but more importantly he wants his phone! He rushes after her, but apparently her long legs mean he loses her. Instead he hears the start of the Youth Concert and walks through a door on the rigging balcony (is that the right phase?).
The Executive Producer (EP) comes into the dressing room and NaNa sets down WonYoung's phone as she had been happily watching a video of him and the Band I Don't Know (this gets more lame the more I hear it haha!). The EP praises her for getting a contract sign and the two are playful and friendly as NaNa takes the praise. However, the good mood is interrupted as the band that NaNa has prepared, AchJa won't be coming as they had an argument in the car on the way to the venue and have broken up!
While they are stressing about what to do, NaNa looks down at WonYoung's phone.
Meanwhile, WooRi is once again wondering whether or not she should call WonYoung. She decides not to, but that pesky touch screen causes her to "accidentally" press call. WooRi is shocked but happy to hear that his ringtone is the song he wrote for her, but her happiness is shattered when a woman (NaNa) answers the phone. WooRi quickly hangs up and chastises herself for even calling.
HyunWoo, who was walking by, stops to tie his shoelace and is hidden by the wall (also he placed a drink on the wall and in her rage WR just picked it up and drank it!! That is not sanitary or safe people!) and remains unseen by WooRi even when he stands. This is because WooRi gets some exciting news that she has passed a round of a competition. We get to see WooRi show off her odd moves as she happily dances around before happily skipping off to the library. HyunWoo watches her go and smiles, his confusion turning into affection.
WonYoung is pretending to play the guitar while listening to the band on stage is a surprised when he notices that NaNi has found him. She wants him to go somewhere with her, but WonYoung doesn't want to. NaNi then threatens that he won't get his phone back and annoys him by divulging the fact that she saw a video on it of him performing with his band.
She then introduces herself properly, giving the name of the company she works for: Mars Music. NaNi asks if he want to earn more than $300 and leaves to take a phonecall. WonYoung is a little torn, but follows after her.
(I would like to point out that 1. I love this man, he is hilarious and 2. when he entered the room he slipped over! And not too gracefully either haha!).
NaNi and (everyone HA) ignores him and she asks WonYoung if they have ever performed at a venue, he tells her to sing if she is so worried. HyunDong then tries to chat her up and gets ignored again. He doesn't seem to mind and expresses to WonYoung that she isn't his style!
The group are then called to the stage, whereby two of HyunDong's questions (about where he was last night and who NaNi is) are unanswered.
The group go onto the stage and are greeted with silence, which is made more awkward by HyunDong's cheer.
Meanwhile, WooRi has reached the library and she is looking for the reference book 'Sound of Youth' which she needs for the competition.
At the venue The Band I Don't Know is hitting it off with the audience with Wild and Young and NaNi watches happily from the balcony.
At the library, WooRi is having trouble reaching the book she needs and HyunWoo helps, but WooRi, who is stood on the shelf becomes unbalanced and she falls into him.
This was a lot better than the previous episode and I think it's because we had more plot development and I'm pretty interested to see where this love square is actually headed. There were also several little things that were intriguing as well.
I like when there is progression in the drama and that is what we got with this episode. It wasn't too fast, but several things happened. WonYoung's is the most obvious, I mean he is on stage with his band at the end of the episode, but WooRi's is one I don't quite understand. What are the competitions that she is entering about? Or for? I feel like it would be interesting to see what she studies and then we would also know more about HyunWoo (he is such a cutie!).
Anyway, I am interested to see where this is going and how the relationships enfold, especially as WooRi definitely still has strong lingering feelings for WonYoung and he seems to have some as well. Although I'm pretty much okay with WonYoung/NaNi and WooRi/HyunWoo because they seem to be pairings I can totally get on board with! I just don't want anyone to be sad at the end, *cough* second lead male *cough*.


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Q: Find the average height of a pyramid Problem Description
For starters can someone explain to me what the average height of a pyramid is? Does that have to do with its geometric center?
The first thing I did was to calculate the height of pyramid from the formula v = (1/3) * A * H
I got a perpendicular height of 15. I'm not sure where to go from there. I found an example: Related Material Related Material
 that seems to be related to what I'm doing, but it goes over my head. Furthermore we haven't covered triple integrals in class, so I'm not sure if that's a different problem entirely.
I tried to follow along with that, but I don't think I am calculating ∫∫∫z dV correctly. When I plug my perpendicular height in, I do not get the same volume as I did using my volume formula.
Edit:
I looked more into finding the centers of mass, and it says the center of mass is 3/4 of the way from the vertex to the mid point of the base. So if I'm interpreting that correctly the height of the center mass is 11.25. I'm very uncertain about that or if it is even equivalent to average height.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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New Mexico reeling to satisfy fast growing TV & film industry
By Noah Solomon, Jeanette DeDios, Spencer Butler, Tyler Braunhardt / NM News Port
The film and television industry has never been a bigger part of New Mexico's economy, and if both the industry and the government get their way, it will get even bigger.
But this growth is bringing challenges in providing a well-trained workforce and in spreading the wealth equitably.
At a time of worldwide expansion of film and TV production, the push is on at the New Mexico Economic Development Department to position film and television as one of nine "target industries" the state wishes to foster, according to its new strategic plan, Empower & Collaborate, released in November.
State leaders see film and television production – along with related media industries – as building on "inherent strengths in New Mexico's economy" to diversify the state away from "historically dominant, and often economically volatile" industries, such as oil and gas.
This graphic from the state "SWOT" analysis shows the importance of tax incentives to lure TV/film productions to New Mexico and the weaknesses with the state's current workforce. Source: NM EDD "Empower & Collaborate"
The driver of this strategy is the generous incentive program the state government offers to producers and filmmakers.
"If the incentives go away, production is gone," said Cyndy McCrossen, the film liaison of Albuquerque's Film Office.
The incentive program provides a 25% refundable tax credit to producers that spend on local workers, goods, and services.
This magnet helps New Mexico compete against similar programs in Georgia, New York and elsewhere. And it is a huge job producer. On average, each production in New Mexico over the last two years, employed 258 locals on the cast and crew.
If the incentives go away, production is gone
Cyndy McCrossen, ABQ Film Office
A consultant's report for the New Mexico Film Office says the tax breaks resulted in $854 million dollars in direct economic output and nearly a billion dollars in total gross value over the last two years
In fact, fiscal year 2021 was a high water mark for film and TV spending in New Mexico: $623.8 million dollars.
This graph shows how much film and TV outfits spent on local goods and services in New Mexico, qualifying them for the state's production tax credit. Data from the Olsberg SPI consultant's report, November 2021.
"The Film Production Tax Credit program attracts significant expenditure to New Mexico," the report states. "In FY20 and FY21, the estimated cost of the tax credit was $160 million, incentivizing over $920 million in production expenditure."
The report says that translates into a cash multiplier: "For every $1 invested through the program, the benefit to the state economy is $8.40 in terms of additional economic value."
NM News Port visits some aspiring media-makers and area experts to learn how one "gets their foot in the door." Video produced by Noah Solomon, Jeanette DeDios, Spencer Butler, Tyler Braunhardt / NM News Port
However, as great as the film industry in New Mexico is growing, it still has a lot to learn.
Questions about levels of crew experience – and levels of safety training – exploded into view in late October, when prominent actor Alec Baldwin fired a prop gun containing live ammunition during a rehearsal on the set of "Rust" near Santa Fe.
The 'Rust' shooting is really a black eye for the state…
Aimeé Schaefer, UNM Film Instructor
The shot killed director of photography Halyna Hutchins and injured director Joel Souza. The incident is still under investigation but intense media scrutiny has revealed sloppy practices, rushed work, crew dissatisfaction with long travel times and long hours, plus the inexperience of some crew members.
New Mexico wants a large and successful film industry, but, as the Rust story points out, it has work to do to produce a workforce that can fully meet industry needs and assure everyone is properly trained and protected.
"Kind of A Whole Process"
Filmmaking in New Mexico isn't a recent adventure. The history of film is entwined in the history of the state. During the 1930's and 40's, New Mexico provided the scenery for early Westerns and the setting for dramas like The Sea of Grass. By the 1970's movies such as The Man Who Fell to Earth and The Evil showed New Mexico proving more popular and competitive as a filming location.
The Evil is also where industry veteran Alton Walpole earned screen credit as construction coordinator.
"I actually started as a production assistant and worked as what we call a carpenter," Walpole said. "In the industry, they call it a prop maker."
Native New Mexican Alton Walpole is a member of the Director's Guild of America and resides in Santa Fe, where he is the owner of Mountainair Films Inc. Photo courtesy of Alton Walpole.
Walpole now works as a consultant for production companies, helping them turn their scripts into films. His 60-plus year career includes stints in high profile filming locations like Los Angeles and New York. Baraka, a 1992 documentary with Walpole working as a supervising producer, was filmed in over 26 countries.
Walpole knows the importance of a well-trained workforce.
"I became a grip, then a key grip, then a dolly grip. And then I started working at the production office as a supervisor, and then I became a UPM, and a line producer," he said. "It's been kind of a whole process."
The solution will necessitate us all working together
Alton Walpole
Walpole explains that grips are technicians who lay cable, set up lights, and help with camera operations. A UPM, or unit production manager, is responsible for the film's budget, schedule, and general day-to-day workings. A line producer creates the budget and handles the logistics of the film.
New Mexico needs more of all these roles, skilled, well-trained, who take the work seriously, says Walpole.
In a commentary for the Santa Fe New Mexican, Walpole warns, "there is no room for complacency. If this is not done, our state will no longer be known as a place to make movies."
New Mexico is on a roll and has attracted some big studios – like Netflix and Universal – but, as Walpole put it, "the solution will necessitate us all working together."
Experience IS Necessary
Other film industry veterans agree that finding experienced, well-trained crew is a growing challenge.
Brent Morris, a line producer and UPM, was resorting to circulating an email in the states surrounding New Mexico, recruiting for a digital loader, a crew member that handles inventory and backs up footage on memory cards.
"Problem is, we've run out of qualified crew in a number of positions," Morris said.
Brent Morris is a UPM — unit production manager — in New Mexico. Photo courtesy of Brent Morris.
Morris is filming an untitled road trip movie and says he can't find what he needs on the union roster.
Morris, with more than 30-years of experience, says this happens a lot, which is why it's common for seasoned crew from Los Angeles or other cities to come to New Mexico along with the directors, designers, and other key crew members
We try to hire as much locally as possible, but we can't find enough qualified crew right now
Brent Morris, Unit Production Manager
Morris recalls working on Finch, a 2021 post-apocalyptic movie starring Tom Hanks. During production, the DP relied on crew he had previously worked with: a gaffer (chief lighting technician and head of the electrical department), a key grip, a camera operator, the first AC (assistant camera), and others. All of these people had previously worked together on different projects and therefore knew and trusted each other's abilities.
"In those bigger budget films, it's very common to bring in people because there's a comfort factor, and then for the smaller budget, we try to hire as much locally as possible, but we just can't find enough qualified crew right now," Morris said.
But that's not the way the state – or the industry – wants it.
"They can't bring in union members from out of state and expect that incentive," said McCrossen. "They have to at times, you know, if the workforce isn't enough here – but they're not incentivized."
McCrossen says it may take time but eventually more "above the line" personnel may be hired locally to take advantage of state incentives, but those people are still mostly back in LA.
Rust tragedy sparks needed safety considerations
A big factor in crew qualification, made painfully obvious with the shooting incident on the set of "Rust" in October, is experience with safety practices. This has been a point of contention in low budget productions, according to an entertainment piece by the LA Times.
The article spotlights the rapid growth of film and TV and New Mexico and describes the pool of currently qualified workers in New Mexico as stretched thin, forcing crews to work longer and harder hours, some of which already span 12-plus hour days.
We're so eager for jobs, and the glamour of Hollywood is just so enticing, that people kind of go above and beyond and don't put their safety first
This in turn spurs the debate of hiring inexperienced, out of film school, "below the line" workers for low budget films, at the cost of experience and safety training, in order for the production to meet its deadline.
To respond to this need, the New Mexico Film Office announced a new program of Production Assistant Bootcamps hosted by CNM Ingenuity, Inc.
These are now being offered as one-day events, from November to April and are taught by Alton Walpole.
He says the bootcamps are helpful for anyone interested in becoming a production assistant – an essential entry level position.
To qualify, one must be 18 or older, be a New Mexico resident, and be able to work immediately as a PA once completed. The bootcamps are a first come, first serve basis, free of charge.
Union of film and television workers tries to provide adequate staffing and safety
Unions play a key role in New Mexico's TV and film industry. They organize worker rights, for pay and benefits, and provide professional development.
The New Mexico film and television workforce is represented by IATSE Local 480, Teamsters Local 492, as well as IATSE Local 600– International Cinematographers Guild.
IATSE – The International Association of Theatrical and Stage Employees – was founded in 1893, with the intent to "improve all entertainment workers' lives both inside and outside the workplace," according to their mission statement.
That mission was in play in late October, as the union members felt they deserved better and were set to strike over a new contract. The contract advocated for better working conditions, including shorter work days with extended rest periods.
IATSE Local 480 website spotlights recent issues: strike vote, Rust incident, COVID-19, and training initiatives. Screen shot by Tyler Braunhardt // NM News Port)
In the end, a strike was averted and a new deal was struck between union representatives and movie producers – but it was a close vote.
Liz Pecos, President of IATSE Local 480, which represents roughly 1500 film and television workers in the state, says that she and members of the union were set to meet to make strike signs and plan strategy before the strike got called off.
IATSE Local 480 narrowly approved the contract: 483 in favor and 479 against.
Across all IATSE locals, the contract was adopted with a 56% approval rate.
'I'm going to make a million dollars!' Yeah, but not at the expense of workers you're not…
Matthew Toplikar, a union member and assistant locations manager based in Albuquerque, says the new deal was more than necessary.
"A standard daily film schedule involves 12 hours of filming plus 1-2 hours before and after for set up and breakdown," he said. " A big part of what we were fighting for was more time to go home and rest before being called back in the next day."
Toplikar added that there are many dangers to working 14-16 hour days.
"It's really not safe to drive home from a set that's an hour away from your house. There are multiple examples of people falling asleep at the wheel and either dying or ending up in the hospital," he said. "Personally, I've had to pull off on a highway shoulder 5-10 times in my career to take a nap before driving the rest of the way home."
Union flyers at UNM. Photo by Jeanette Dedios / NM News Port
McCrossen says the new contract was necessary for workers who are propelling an increasingly prosperous industry.
"'I'm gonna make my movie, I'm going to make a million dollars!' Yeah, but not at the expense of workers you're not," she said.
Although the new deal is better than what the Union had, Toplikar foresees potential dangers in this new deal.
"It does allow for certain 'exceptions', and you have to wonder if productions will take advantage of these and treat them as loopholes. If that becomes the norm, we could be back to square one in a few years when the next round of contract negotiations happens," he said.
Toplikar says issues like what happened on 'Rust' are not due to a lack of safety procedures on sets.
"How we ensure that the standardized safety steps are actually taken is what I think we need to be talking about," he said. "There are plenty of professional, experienced, and safe armorers working in New Mexico film right now."
Workforce experience comes in many different forms, adds Toplikar.
"Even if someone doesn't have a lot of experience… they [can] come in for a day or two where we really need extra hands, then they can learn a bit about how things flow on set," he said. "If they do well and we end up needing more help throughout the production, then we would ask them back."
Training Students for the Film Industry
Another place where the state is hoping to ramp up and meet the demand of more skilled TV/film workforce is in the public schools, especially within established film programs at Central New Mexico community college (CNM) and the University of New Mexico.
"We currently have eight union pictures shooting in New Mexico now," said Tim Forrest, who directs the CNM film program. "I was here all through the 90s working in film and I have never seen this proliferation of work in New Mexico. It's never happened."
Tim Forrest, Director, CNM Film Program. Photo courtesy of Tim Forrest.
Forrest said COVID-19 caused enrollment to drop last year but now students are coming back and enrollment is back up. "Our main motivation is to train and put people into jobs," he said.
CNM's post-graduation placement rate ranks high with 65% or more graduating film students finding employment in New Mexico.
Program Graduates % employed in NM % in field in NM
Film Crew Technician Certificate 53 75% 36%
Film Production Degree 17 65% 29%
Post Production Technician Certificate 23 70% 30%
CNM placement statistics from 2019 showed about a third of students in film program find work in NM film industry. Source: CNM Graduate Outcomes Report Summer 2018-2019 graduates.
The staffing on a typical film can be separated in two categories. "Above-the-line" are individuals that guide the creative direction that includes but is not limited to directors, executive producers, screenwriters and actors. "Below-the-line" workers serve to execute the work and are typically but not limited to camera operators, editors, grip and electric, makeup and hair stylists, etc.
Forrest disputes the stereotype that CNM trains below-the-line workers and UNM serves to produce above-the-line individuals.
"We're different from UNM because their students make their own films called capstone senior projects," says Forrest, "but CNM's program is more like all of our classes are capstone senior projects – where everyone works together on a shoot, as opposed to doing their own shoots."
Don't be a jerk – because if you are, then you aren't going to get hired
Tim Forrest, CNM
CNM is currently in the process of creating a relationship with the IATSE union in order to offer students hands-on training and mentoring with film professionals.
"What we want to do with the union is invite them over to teach classes here, and then let our students participate because they want to develop these relationships and mentorships with the industry folks," said Forrest.
In order to join IATSE, applicants require 30 days of on-set work before applying, as well as the $1375 application fee. CNM students with a certificate or UNM students with a bachelor's degree are able to receive a 15 day waiver that can apply toward their application.
McCrossen says that the state's incentive program is creating opportunities both "above the line" and "below the line" – and the state's education system is essential in feeding that.
Moreover, the state is looking at how to award students with some kind of official credentialing.
"There's a lot of collaborative efforts right now," McCrossen said. "The administration here and at the state level is doing a big review of our certification program for what qualifies you as a 'New Mexico Film Employee.'"
Another training opportunity in Albuquerque is at Studio 519 operated by the city public access channels. Here supervisor Joseph Lynch shows rack equipment in the studio control room while volunteer producers tape a program. Photo by Noah Solomon / NM News Port
"Ultimately, the film business is all about relationships," said Forrest. "If our students come away with anything, it's playing nice with the other kids."
Putting a finer point on it, Forest said, "Don't be a jerk because if you are, then you're not going to get hired. You may be on set for this job, but you won't be on the next job."
Don't Sacrifice Your Life, For A Paycheck
With the ever expanding film industry, the state needs to take time to slow down and put focus on safety for film crews, said Aimée Schaefer, a UNM professor and former IATSE member.
The Rust incident is an eerie and heartbreaking reminder of how tragic things can go wrong on a film set.
"When you have producers who are actors, they're on set, they're seeing what's going on, but they're more invested in getting the film done to make money off of it than they are in actual safety," said Schaefer. "These protocols have been developed over 100 years of film production."
Aimée Schaefer is a UNM film professor who emphasizes safety training. Photo courtesy of Aimée Schaefer.
Schaefer said part of the problem is the lack of knowledge crew members have when they step on set.
"I feel like we (New Mexicans) are so eager for work, we're so eager for jobs, and the glamour of Hollywood is just so enticing that people kind of go above and beyond and don't put their safety first," said Schaefer.
For young and inexperienced film students, there are a lot of safety measures that they need to be aware of and know when to say no.
"When a crisis occurs, people are in shock. It's a fight or flight mode and they're not making informed, educated decisions. We won't know how we will react until we're in it," said Schaefer. "But if you haven't pushed yourself that far, to think into that kind of situation, you're really not going to know what's appropriate. At what point will you speak up for yourself?"
UNM student director Andy Nyikos directs actresses Jamie Reyes and Rylee Griego on set of of "Lucid." Photo by Jeanette DeDios / NM News Port
She said the fear for incoming student filmmakers is that they can easily be replaced if they try to stand up for safety.
"There's 20 people standing behind you that will be ready to show up on set tomorrow. So how do you navigate that? At what point do you say no?" Schaefer challenged.
She says the downside to the growing film industry is the amount of people willing to do work for cheap, and under problematic situations.
"I've walked off film sets before when I had PA's driving on two hours of sleep. It's not safe. Did I ever get a call to work with those people again? No. Did it go off without a hitch? Yes, for the grace of God it did," said Schaefer. "If something would have happened, I don't know how I would have felt about it."
Schaefer said the need to teach safety on film sets is apparent especially for inexperienced film students.
"Until we get that out to students, it's going to be sort of like a baptism-by-fire learning cycle."
How many more people are going to be abused by the system until it finally does change?
"The Rust shooting is really a black eye for the state because there were people that walked off the set that morning because they were disgruntled about working conditions and pay," said Forrest, "Which left this gaping hole for these tragedies to happen. It's unfortunate but it's a teaching moment for the state and for all of us."
"How many more people are going to be abused by the system until it finally does change?" said Schaefer.
New Mexico's Government Has a Starring Role in the TV/Film Industry
The Rust set shooting did trigger some political commotion in the state capitol.
The state's occupational safety department is investigating the matter. But some leaders want the New Mexico legislature to tighten the laws governing firearms on movie sets, along with other safety regulations.
However, changing the law might be difficult to pull off and the governor seems to be giving the industry the benefit of the doubt.
"Currently, the governor has no plans to try and change the safety regulations that are required for the film industry," said Nora Meyers Sackett, press secretary for Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham.
Sackett said it's possible state legislators may want to look at strengthening safety regulations on movie sets, but given the short session planned for January, there is unlikely any immediate action on the horizon.
Sackett added that while the attention brought upon the safety of film crews was expanded after the Rust incident, the governor believes that it was more a one-time ordeal.
"Film sets have been historically safe for the film crews that are in the state," said Sackett, "and we continue to believe that they will remain safe."
The state of New Mexico has identified Film & TV as one of the nine "target industries" that will drive jobs and a diversified economy in the next two decades. This graph from the NM EDD "Empower & Collaborate" Strategic Plan shows the film industry similar in size to cybersecurity and value-added agriculture, and having grown by more than 10% in the past nine years.
However, the larger question on the minds of lawmakers is whether the incentives that the film industry has obtained should change in any way.
While some in the legislature have expressed a need to look into the incentive program – especially to make sure their rural areas get a share of the action – a majority of others don't think this is a necessary endeavor.
Among those expressing reservations are House Majority Leader Javier Martínez, D-Albuquerque, and Rep. Larry Scott, R-Hobbs, who argued that the incentives were too expensive for the state, according to an Albuquerque Journal article.
Asked to clarify his comments, Martinez told New Mexico News Port that he wants to make sure that the tax credits are remaining effective at providing for the New Mexico community.
"We must make sure that these credits are helping the entire community, and not just a small section of those that participate in our economic system."
The state, at a bare minimum, must maintain the current incentive program
Jennifer Esquivel, New Mexico Film Office
Indeed, the Economic Development Department includes a strategy that would better encourage TV and films to venture beyond the Albuquerque and Santa Fe region, and spend money on crew and services in more rural areas.
Martin Hickey, D-Bernalillo, said that while looking at the incentive program may be something that is done, it is not a high priority and believes that they are functioning as intended.
"I personally believe that there are more important things that we can be focusing on, rather than an incentive program that continues to provide great revenue for the state."
Map from from NMFO consultant's report, shows TV/Film Production Spending by County, FY20-21, and concentration of expenditures in the Albuquerque-Santa Fe metro area. A 5% "uplift" in the film credit now incentivizes films to shoot in more rural counties.
At the New Mexico Film Office, which hopes to expand its staff of seven next year, Jennifer Esquivel, a senior manager for communications, said the office will continue to educate lawmakers on the benefits of the incentive program.
"For the film industry, incentives are directly tied to a production's budget and are necessary to maintain a robust film and television industry."
Esquivel said that states are in competition with each other to attract filmmakers and any changes to the incentive program may have negative effects.
"For New Mexico to remain a hub that is attractive to productions, the state, at a bare minimum, must maintain the current incentive program."
Esquivel also said that aside from ramping up the workforce, New Mexico needs to add production facilities, sound stages and post-production sites to better support the industry.
Follow us on Twitter,:
Noah @NASolomon_01
Tyler @tbraundhart
Jeanette @jeanettededios
Spencer @SpencerButler48
Published December 16, 2021 By NM News-Port
Categorized as Creative New Mexico, New Mexico Voices, NM Film Community, Top story Tagged NMFO, TV and Film
Pingback: New Mexico reeling to satisfy fast growing TV & film industry – SRBlog
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May 19, 2015 - by Amber Mear - 2 Comments.
Have you recently gotten your hands on Digilent's Autorange Digital Multimeter (DMM)? Are you just aching to start using it? Digilent's Learn site has a couple of projects to get you started!
The first project, Measuring DC Voltage, introduces the use of digital multimeters for voltage measurement. DMMs perform a variety of functions, and when measuring voltage, the DMM is operating as a voltmeter. To use the DMM as an ammeter, or to measure current, check out Measuring DC Current. The final project in the Digilent DMM trilogy is Measuring Resistance, wherein the DMM acts as an Ohmmeter.
Which function of the DMM do you use most frequently?
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Chris Brown Is Definitely On Rihanna's "Birthday Cake": Listen To The Proof
Becky Bain | February 20, 2012 5:25 pm
Get ready for the collaboration that will indeed "shock the world". After weeks of rumors surrounding Chris Brown's alleged involvement on Rihanna's "Birthday Cake" remix, we can confirm that Breezy is indeed on the track — because we just heard it. (And just in time for Rihanna's 24th birthday, too.) Both RiRi and Brown tweeted out links to their new song, and though they were almost immediately taken down, we've got the audio below.
Though Brown appears on this leaked version of the song, it's possible that the track (which now clocks in at 3:40, nearly triple the length of the cut on Talk That Talk) may never see single status, as Roc Nation is reportedly getting cold feet about releasing the song due to all the controversy.
Rihanna feat. Chris Brown – "Birthday Cake" (Remix)
Chris spends most of his verse repeating most of Rihanna's lyrics, though he opens with: "Girl, I wanna fuck you right now / Been a long time, I been missing your body." Yes, he's referring to the same body that he violently assaulted three years ago.
Chris and Rihanna also collaborated on a remix to Brown's single "Turn Up The Music" (listen to it here). No word on whether that version will be released as an official single or download, either.
We'll save our own thoughts on the song for later — but first, you tell us what you think of Chris Brown and Rihanna's collaboration on Facebook, Twitter, or in the comments below.
Tags: Chris Brown, Feature, Rihanna


Our immediate climatic atmosphere (troposphere) IS NOT LAYERED. It is a homogenous mixture of gases because it is moving all the time; therefore it is thoroughly mixed up. So there is no layer of gases that reflects heat because gases move upwards when it is heated. It releases heat when reaches a colder zone. Above climatic atmosphere is Ozonosphere. We all know the air becomes thinner as we go higher. So lighter gases are situated at higher altitude and heavier gases are situated near the earth due to the gravitational pull of the earth. So the troposphere has comparatively all the heavy gases. Compared to the atmosphere near the surface of the earth the ozone layer is very thin. This we can guess by considering the fact that the mountaineers have to carry oxygen with them even to climb mountains that are much lower than Mount Everest. Ozone is situated even at higher altitude, 30,000 feet. So naturally ozone layer must be thinner than oxygen available at the height of the Mount Everest.
CFC is Chloro–Fluoro-Carbon (Cl¬2 Fl2 C) and has two atoms of chlorine, two atoms of fluorine and one atom of carbon. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen. Ozone is O3 or three atoms of Oxygen combined and it is unstable because it breaks into single oxygen atoms when heated.
Oxygen is 16X2 =32, carbon dioxide is 12 + 16X2 = 44, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC - Cl¬2 Fl2 C) is 35X2 + 19X2 + 12 = 120, Ozone (O3) is 16X3 = 48 and atomic oxygen is 16; that's why ozone layer can stay at higher altitude than our immediate atmosphere.
Concentration of CO2 is nil in the Ozonosphere as this gas is heavier than O2. CFC is very heavy (almost three times heavier than CO2) and eight times heavier than oxygen. So it is quite obvious that it can't reach the height where ozone layer is situated. Since CFC molecules can't reach to that height, then how it can deplete ozone without being in contact with Ozone? So it is very unscientific to blame CFC for the depletion of Ozone layer.
Every day millions of jet flight takes place in the world. They all fly at the height of 30,000 ft where the ozone layer lies. They carry fuel with them to burn. For burning the fuel they need huge quantity of oxygen. They consume oxygen either from the climatic atmosphere (Troposphere) or Ozonosphere (mainly) that is situated just above the troposphere. Anyone can guess how much oxygen the millions of flights of the planes and the jet planes are using up. So it is not difficult to accuse these flights for causing the depletion of Ozone.
Banning the jet planes to fly higher than 25,000 feet will definitely save our Ozone layer without doubt.


Average client satisfaction scores more than three times higher than the industry average.
West Des Moines, Iowa – February 26, 2015 – Accounting Now and SNI Technology, both divisions of SNI Companies, and leading staffing firms in accounting and finance staffing and information technology staffing, announced today they have won Inavero's Best of Staffing® Client Award for providing superior service to their clients. Presented in partnership with CareerBuilder, Inavero's Best of Staffing Client winners have proven to be industry leaders in service quality based completely on the ratings given to them by their clients. With satisfaction scores more than three times higher than the industry average, award winners make up less than two percent of all staffing agencies in the U.S. and Canada who earned the Best of Staffing Award for service excellence.
Focused on helping U.S. companies find the right people for their staffing needs, Accounting Now and SNI Technology received satisfaction scores from their clients significantly higher than the industry's average of 32 percent.
"SNI Companies takes pride in offering best-in-class service to all of our clients. We are honored and humbled to have Accounting Now and SNI Technology recognized with Inavero's Best of Staffing Client Award." SNI Companies' President and CEO, Ron Smith stated.


Once the regular season has come to an end, it is time to start to focus on your individual development. Spring Position Specific Sessions are designed for both Forwards and Defencemen at the Bantam and Midget level with the direct objective to help you get better at skills required to play your position. By taking the time to work on necessary skills, players will build confidence and will feel like they are able to contribute more to their team. This program will work through a variety of options for players to make better decisions in games.


Currently, individuals are living an unhealthy lifestyle without the necessary diet or adequate exercise despite the day-to-day hassle. This leads to pains and other discomforts. To help address these concerns; it is recommended that you try yoga trapeze exercises. With an estimate of more than 80% of individuals experiencing back pains as well as joint pain at some point of their lives, yoga trapeze exercises are recommended with the aim of relieving pain as well as maintaining a fit body.
To help meet this objective, investing in a yoga trapeze session from a qualified instructor or one to use at home is recommended. This ensures that you address your concerns as well as minimize on the risk of accidents when using the trapeze. While many think that these exercises are costly, this is not the case. You can now try yoga trapeze exercises for only $1.
Why Try the Yoga Trapeze Exercises?
A yoga trapeze is considered a powerful tool for home use for many. Its importance lies in its ability to boost flexibility, strength, as well as mobility. In addition, you do not have to worry about accidents as the product is made from quality materials making it ideal for home use. It upholds to all safety standards thus making it ideal for use for the entire family. It works with the help of your body weight to draw several benefits.
Trapeze exercises tend to help individuals relax while at the same time ensuring that it exercises your body generally. This will in turn boost your body's fitness as it acts as a form of exercise. You will be pulling and turning as you exercise. You can rely on this for a full body fitness routine.
This majorly comes from the ability to relax and reach core areas that will provide therapeutic benefits such as your spine.
The spine is a sensitive part of the body and it is important that you seek ideal ways of ensuring it remains strong and healthy.
The yoga trapeze functions in three major ways to help meet your objectives including traction, back and core strengthening, as well as flexibility. When working with traction, using your body weight will come in handy. It will also prevent back injury and boost spine strengthening.
Soon as you get your trapeze, place it in position and it is ready for use. There are several yoga poses and exercises you can try with it. Start with simple poses to help you familiarize yourself with the trapeze. A simple start pose is swinging from the top handles and try sitting.
Once you are comfortably seated, try leaning back as you move your head and neck towards the ground. At the same time, lift your legs to wrap them around the top part of the swing. Once you can feel firm, you can work with your hands. From this point, you can try more poses and yoga trapeze exercises.
A yoga trapeze functions from a suspended position and you therefore need to ensure that you remain safe by preventing falls. To help meet this objective, it features a weight-tested rope. It is tested to ensure that it can hold the necessary weight without the risk of cutting or getting loose. The ropes are not only tested but they are also made from quality material to remain in use while minimizing wear and tear so you can use it in the long-term.
The handles of this yoga trapeze are made of industrial strength rubber. This aims at ensuring that they do not snap or let you fall when you are in session. The rubber material is comfortable thus allowing you to keep exercising. The rubber material also eliminates the risk of scarring your hands. In an effort to help retain safety, they offer a firm grip to help ease mobility.
Individual looking to get started with yoga trapeze exercises and may not understand what to do have nothing to worry about. This is because it comes with a free beginner DVD to help you use your trapeze to benefit you. To help beginners, it also comes with a free pose chart to help boost accuracy when taking the necessary position. This combination is bound to ease the use of your trapeze even if you have not used one before allowing you to reap the best.
Included are tri-handle sets that ease mobility as well as flexibility. They are spread out evenly so you can take on different positions without compromising on your safety. The positioning also allows you to take on various positions so you can reach out to several positions on your body to help ease pain as well as relax.
It features carabiner clips that will help you to make the right attachments. They ensure you hook the trapeze in position. They are firm and strong to remain in position. They are also durable to serve you longer. They are easy to clip in position without any tools or experience.
In an effort to help ease mobility as well as transportation, it comes ready with a carrying bag. No matter where you are travelling to or in the case you love the outdoors, this yoga trapeze makes it ideal for use, as you do not need to outsource for packaging or transportation.
Yoga trapeze exercises are recommended for individuals' whether you are experiencing pains or not. This is because they provide for both preventive and curative measures. In addition, it is also fun to simply relax and swing to help you get a few things out of your mind. A quality, safe, functional, as well as strong yoga trapeze will help you meet your objectives in the long-term.


Do you remember when you were a kid, learning about the food pyramid in school, and being told the importance of starting your day with a balanced breakfast? Then, we all became adults and a balanced breakfast started to mean getting to work on time while eating the contents of last night's Chinese takeout, or grabbing a cookie off the counter, because coffee became more of a priority in the AM than a nutritious meal.
I'm totally guilty of those, "Do I really need to eat?" mornings. Or even mornings when I'm digging out last night's leftovers just so I don't pass out before lunch. Even working from home, there are just those mornings when I roll out of bed and am already engrossed in my day. I don't know about you, but my body definitely suffers those days. Sure, it seems all well and good in the AM, but by 2 or 3:00, watch out! The afternoon sluggishness takes over. Bye-bye motivation!
So maybe there's something to that whole "balanced breakfast" thing after all. Huh? I mean, think about it. You never see a cereal commercial with just a bowl of cereal pictured. There's always fresh fruit and a glass of milk or orange juice pictured alongside it. Gotta get those food groups in! That's why I love quinoa bowls so much! I like cooking up a batch of quinoa at the beginning of the week to keep in the fridge and add into breakfast bowls or salads. So easy!
Recently, I decided to watch my carb intake again (yeah, yeah, I know). I discovered how easy it was to make homemade bagels with just flour, baking powder, and Greek yogurt and got hooked! My everything bagel habit had to go! So instead, I used Trader Joe's awesome "Everything but the Bagel" seasoning to make a breakfast quinoa bowl taste sorta-kinda like a deconstructed bagel sandwich. Or at least trick my mind into thinking I was eating one.
That's what I love about quinoa bowls. You can load them up with all kinds of wholesome ingredients, but if you season them right, you'll never get bored with breakfast! It's kind of like how I am with salad. I can't just eat lettuce and dressing. I need to build it up into something that will excite my taste buds. It's the same thing with a quinoa bowl! The more you add to it, the better it will be! It also doesn't hurt to eat it out of a really cool bowl!
Cook the quinoa according to the package (1 cup of water to 1/2 cup quinoa). Allow to cool and mix in everything seasoning. Spoon into a bowl.
Add a couple strips of cooked bacon on top of the quinoa. Then, fry up an egg your favorite way and add it to the bowl.
Cut half of an avocado into thin slices and arrange the slices in the bowl. Add everything seasoning to the avocado slices, if desired.
Follow with alfalfa sprouts and finally blistered grape tomatoes.
To make the tomatoes, heat a little olive oil in a small skillet. Add the tomatoes and cook until they burst. Season with sea salt, if desired.
But yeah, that everything seasoning is where it's at and this quinoa bowl is all kinds of awesome! Eggs, bacon, everything seasoned quinoa – what's not to love? I also really love blistered tomatoes. Just cook them with a little olive oil until they burst. Then sprinkle them with some sea salt. So good!
I'm really into alfalfa sprouts at the moment, too. They're great on salads, sandwiches, and really good with eggs. You could always add spinach or kale instead of alfalfa sprouts. Just make sure you get that wholesome balance of protein, grains, and veggies in your bowl.
Prep your ingredients beforehand so you can easily throw your bowl together in the morning before you head out the door! It might not be an everything bagel, but it'll taste just as good, if not better! Don't have a Trader Joe's nearby? You can make your own everything seasoning with this recipe!


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July 14, 2015
Railroads Lobby to Weaken Oil-By-Rail Safety Rules
(Reuters) — Billionaire investor Warren Buffett is set to be a chief beneficiary of a bid by Senate Republicans to weaken new regulations to improve train safety in the $2.8 billion crude-by-rail industry, a key cog in the development of the vast North American shale oil fields.
A series of oil train accidents, including the July 2013 explosion of a train carrying crude in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, that killed 47 people, led U.S. and Canadian regulators to announce sweeping safety rules in May. Among other things, U.S. oil trains are required to install new electronically controlled pneumatic brakes.
But in late June, the Republican-controlled Senate Commerce Committee approved a measure to drop that requirement and order years of new research to confirm the safety benefits of ECP brakes.
On Wednesday, the panel will decide whether to send the measure to the full Senate, setting the stage for a fight with Democrats who say the repeal would delay the use of feature that can help avoid catastrophic derailments and minimize the consequences of accidents that do occur.
The looming debate pits Democrats, federal regulators, safety advocates and environmentalists against the crude-by-rail industry, which claims that installing the brakes would slap an unnecessary $3 billion cost on railroads, oil refiners and other owners of rolling stock, and potentially jeopardize safety.
BNSF Railway Co., the No. 2 U.S. railroad, which Mr. Buffett owns through his Berkshire Hathaway Inc. holding company, is the leading U.S. railroad for crude oil shipments, controlling three-quarters of the carload volume in 2013. Along with CSX Corp., it's also associated with the most oil train accidents, according to a Reuters analysis of incident reports.
Environmental groups estimate that 25 million Americans live near tracks traversed by crude oil shipments, making ECP brakes and other federal requirements essential to ensuring safety. Because the brakes act simultaneously on all cars and locomotives, they give train operators greater control and allow trains to stop more quickly than conventional air brakes, which slow rail cars in succession, advocates say.
"To walk away from what we know to be the best technology is pretty crazy," said Sean Dixon, an attorney with clean water advocacy group Riverkeeper.
Democrats will try to strike out the ECP amendment by offering a measure of their own when the committee meets on Wednesday, according to an aide. If the attempt fails, Democrats expect to fight the amendment on the floor of the Senate.
But the rail industry says the equipment is unreliable and could jeopardize safety while further eroding the competitiveness of transporting oil by rail, which is already $5 to $10 a barrel more expensive than pipeline transmission.
ECP brakes are made mainly by two U.S.-based manufacturers: New York Air Brake, the U.S. unit of Germany's Knorr-Bremse A.G.; and Wabtec Corp.
While a New York Air Brake official said ECP technology is reliable, the company has said that ECP brakes aren't a solution for oil trains because most derailments are caused by a broken track, wheel or axle, and ECP brakes can't stop an accident once a train starts to derail.
"It's the wrong solution for the problem," company President Mike Hawthorne told Reuters.
Wabtec officials did not return phone calls.
Rail lobbying in full swing
The most forceful lobbying against ECP brakes has come via the Association of American Railroads, a trade group that represents more than 20 freight railroad companies, including BNSF and CSX, Congressional staff said.
AAR's aim "is anything that results in delaying, diluting or ultimately overturning the regulation," one Democratic Senate aide said.
AAR has spent $14.5 million since 2012 lobbying Congress and the administration, including topics related to the crude-by-rail business, according to Senate records reviewed by Reuters.
Among individual railroads, BNSF was the top lobbyist, having spent $12.7 million since 2012. Mr. Buffett also has a small stake in oil refiner Phillips 66, an owner of oil tank cars that has spent $6.4 million lobbying Congress.
BNSF's closest lobbying rival is Union Pacific Corp. at $7.5 million. Canadian National Railway Co., CSX and Norfolk Southern Corp. have each spent between $3 million and $4 million during the same period. Union Pacific is the biggest U.S. railroad, while CSX is third and Norfolk Southern is fourth.
The records don't break down how much these companies spent specifically on oil train regulations and related issues.
BNSF lobbies the government on a range of issues, and crude-by-rail represents a small part of those efforts, spokesman Michael Trevino said. He also said the company supports the study and testing of ECP brake technology before implementation.
Berkshire Hathaway did not immediately respond to a request for comment. A Phillips 66 spokesman said the refiner is committed to being a "safety leader" and will comply with the new oil train standards.
AAR has asked the U.S. Department of Transportation to throw out the brake requirement and enhance other security measures involving tank cars. AAR President and CEO Edward Hamberger declined to comment because the group's appeal is pending. An AAR official said the group made sure lawmakers had "pertinent information" about the issue.
Crude-by-rail boom
The series of oil train explosions in recent years follows a boom in U.S. shale oil production, notably in the Bakken region of North Dakota. Bakken crude has helped reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil but is also considered more volatile and flammable than heavier crudes.
Because the landlocked Bakken region is not easily accessed by oil pipelines, rail provides the main transportation route. The result has been a bonanza in the crude by rail business. Shipments surged to more than 350 million barrels in 2014 from less than 680,000 barrels in 2008, according to industry data.
BNSF has been the biggest beneficiary. In 2013, the railroad hauled 324,206 carloads of crude oil, about three-quarters of the industry's total volume of 435,560 carloads, according to data provided by the company and AAR.
But BNSF also has been involved in six of the 18 U.S. oil train derailments since the Lac-Mégantic disaster, second only to CSX, which has had seven. The latest BNSF derailment was in Heimdal, North Dakota, on May 6. Ten cars left the rails, and the crude caught fire, forcing the town of 40 to evacuate.
The Transportation Department disputes the industry's claim that the new regulations would cost $3 billion: over 20 years, officials say the cost would be $492 million, offset by $426 million to $1.7 billion in benefits.
Without the ECP brake and other new federal safety rules including thicker tank car hulls, damages from "high consequence events" could reach $12.6 billion over the next 20 years, the department says.
Sen. John Thune, R-S.D., who chairs the Senate Commerce Committee and authored the ECP repeal measure, was not available to comment. Frederick Hill, the committee's Republican spokesman, said the measure would still require railroads to equip oil trains with ECP brakes beginning in 2021 should new research demonstrate the technology's benefits.
GOP Bill Would Undermine Rail Safety Regulations
By Joan Lowy and Tom Krisher on Jul 17, 2015
WASHINGTON (AP) — At a time of high-profile train wrecks, Republicans are working on legislation to roll back safety regulation of the railroad industriy.
A bill approved this week on a party-line vote by a Senate committee brims with industry-sought provisions that would block, delay or roll back safety rules. The measure is to be part of a must-pass transportation bill that GOP leaders hope to put to a vote in the Senate as early as next week.
They are under pressure to act quickly because authority for transportation programs expires on July 31. Without a cash infusion, the government will have to delay highway and transit aid to states.
One provision would block a new Department of Transportation rule requiring that trains hauling crude oil are equipped with electronically controlled brakes that affect cars all at the same time, rather than sequentially. The bill calls for a study of the technology and puts off any regulatory mandate, which could delay implementation for years.
The brake rule was prompted by a series of train wrecks in which cars of crude oil and ethanol exploded, igniting fires that burned for days. Freight railroads oppose the rule, which could cost them billions of dollars.
Another provision would give freight and commuter railroads and Amtrak more time to install a safety system called positive train control. The technology relies on GPS, wireless radio and computers to monitor train position and slow or stop trains in danger of derailing because they're traveling too fast, are about to collide with another train or are about to enter an area where crews are working on tracks.
A 2008 law requires railroads to have the technology installed and operating by the end of this year. Most are not expected to make that deadline.
The National Transportation Safety Board says that if the technology had been in operation, it could have prevented an Amtrak derailment in May that killed eight people and injured about 200 others in Philadelphia, and a derailment that killed four passengers and injured 64 others in New York City in December 2013, as well as other fatal accidents.
Railroads say they have spent billions of dollars on the technology but have been hampered by technical and financial difficulties and need more time.
Thune and other Republicans on the committee said the changes were necessary reforms to federal agencies that have overstepped their bounds or have issued regulations that unfairly penalize industry without improving safety. Thune noted the bill contains several provisions sought by Democrats and safety advocates.
The GOP bill is "loaded down with giveaways to special interests that will set back safety for years to come," said Jackie Gillan, president of Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety. "The influence of corporate lobbyists had more sway than commonsense and cost-effective solutions to deadly problems."
Chicago Greens
Next monthly meeting on Sunday, August 9th,
from 2-4:00 PM, at Powell's Bookstore,
Halsted and Roosevelt (800 W, 1200 S)
http://www.illinoisgreens.org/
3 Articles Below
Chicago Greens Press Release RR Rules
Rail Executive Blasts Oil-Train Rules
Norfolk Southern CEO says regulations could make oil-by-rail prohibitively expensive
Laura Stevens
May 5, 2015 5:20 p.m. ET Wall Street Journal
Norfolk Southern Corp. Chief Executive Charles W. "Wick" Moorman said that the rail industry will challenge the federal government's new crude-by-rail rules, adding regulators have "made some serious mistakes in the regulations."
The new safety rules could make shipping crude oil by train prohibitively expensive, Mr. Moorman said in an interview on Tuesday.
"At a certain point, the economics are such that you can't justify shipping the oil. The price to get it to the refinery is too high and the downside of that is that it will throttle the journey toward energy independence in this country," Mr. Moorman said.
On Friday, the U.S. Department of Transportation called for installing new braking systems on trains hauling more than 70 cars of crude oil by 2021. The final rule was issued last week and regulations will be phased in over several years. They also would require upgrades and other changes for tank cars hauling oil and other flammable liquids.
In some respects, the new tank car standards don't go far enough, Mr. Moorman said. For instance, they require thermal wraps that could prevent a tank car from exploding for 100 minutes during a fire, versus an industry suggestion of 800 minutes. Though the industry generally agrees that hauling crude oil in older tank cars isn't safe, the new rules allow shipments in any kind of tank car, provided it is in less than a block of 20 tank cars or fewer than 35 tank cars total, he said.
The new brake requirement took the rail industry by surprise, he said.
The Norfolk, Virginia-based company is one of a handful of major railroads operating in the U.S. It has most thoroughly tested the newly mandated electronically controlled pneumatic brakes, Mr. Moorman said.
"It is very expensive, it doesn't work well," Mr. Moorman said. "We are committed to safety. The last thing in the world we want is a derailment…this technology just doesn't do anything."
And it puts the railroads in a difficult spot for a couple of reasons. For starters, railroads don't own the vast majority of tank cars so have no control over whether the costly new brakes are installed. Moreover, the brake requirement isn't a mandate for tank car owners, only railroads.
'We believe strongly that our rule will stand up [to challenges].'
—Anthony Foxx, Transportation Secretary
If tank cars aren't equipped with the new brakes by 2021, oil trains will either have to be reduced to a maximum of 69 tank cars or to a maximum speed of 30 miles an hour, Mr. Moorman said. Either choice would "eat up an enormous amount of capacity," Mr. Moorman said.
Railroads would have to build new tracks and infrastructure to handle the slowdown or extra trains. "Even if you have two tracks, running at 30 mph, you'll never get there," he added.
The Association of American Railroads said the new braking rule would apply to about 70% of oil trains. Mr. Moorman said the brake requirement could cost railroads billions of dollars when factoring in added infrastructure if tank car owners don't install the brakes.
Mr. Moorman said he is sure the industry will petition the Transportation Department for reconsideration or challenge it in court. "There is a lot of discussion going on in the industry about how to challenge this," Mr. Moorman said. "I'm sure it will be challenged."
On Friday, Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said that if the rule was challenged in court, "we believe strongly that our rule will stand up."
The Transportation Department estimates that the rule will cost the railroad industry $2.5 billion over 20 years, and save between $912 million and $2.9 billion due to fewer accidents. Industry officials said the government estimate doesn't account for the cost of brake installations and other expenses.


HKL offers MyMobile Banking service as branchless services, allowing customers to perform their transaction at anytime and anywhere through their mobile phones. Customers can perform financial transactions such as remittance, fund transfer, mobile top up, bill payment, loan repayment, and some other non-financial transactions such as balance inquiry, mini statements, SMS notifications, look up ATMs, exchange rate, interest rate, loan inquiry, loan payment reminder, and access other financial services.
Financial transaction: Customers can perform financial transactions such as remittance, fund transfer, mobile top up, bill payment, loan repayment, and others.


Caption: PET/CT imaging reveals a surprisingly high concentration (yellow, light green) of key immune cells called CD4 T cells in the colon (left) of an SIV-infected animal that received antibody infusions along with antiviral treatment. Fewer immune cells were found in the small intestine (right), while the liver (lower left) shows a high level of non-specific signal (orange).
Credit: Byrareddy et al., Science (2016).
The surprising results of an animal study are raising hopes for a far simpler treatment regimen for people infected with the AIDS-causing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Currently, HIV-infected individuals can live a near normal life span if, every day, they take a complex combination of drugs called antiretroviral therapy (ART). The bad news is if they stop ART, the small amounts of HIV that still lurk in their bodies can bounce back and infect key immune cells, called CD4 T cells, resulting in life-threatening suppression of their immune systems.
Now, a study of rhesus macaques infected with a close relative of HIV, the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), suggests there might be a new therapeutic option that works by a mechanism that has researchers both excited and baffled . By teaming ART with a designer antibody used to treat people with severe bowel disease, NIH-funded researchers report that they have been able to keep SIV in check in macaques for at least two years after ART is stopped. More research is needed to figure out exactly how the new strategy works, and whether it would also work for humans infected with HIV. However, the findings suggest there may be a way to achieve lasting remission from HIV without the risks, costs, and inconvenience associated with a daily regimen of drugs.