text:
← Back to Schools
The district has spread the use of iPads in a 1:1 model for all students. Instructional practices with the devices vary across schools, but for some it has been used as a powerful creation tool.
State: Maryland Number of Students: 128,937
School Type: Public School District Free and Reduced Lunch: 63.8%
Grade Level: PK-12 English Language Learners: 15.8%
School Context
Student Achievement: All students will progress and reach high standards.
English for All: All ELL students will become proficient in the English language, and will work toward proficiency in both readingand math.
High Quality Staff: PGCPS aims to attract, hire, develop and retain high quality staff.
Positive Learning Environments: PGCPS aims for all schools to provide positive and safe learning environments for all students.
Graduation Matters: PGCPS has a goal that all students will graduate from high school.
State of Technology
iPads In The Middle: Prince George's County has had its hands on iPads fora while. In 2012, with the help of the district's $1.3 million American Recoveryand Stimulus grant and the backing of Title I, the district began with 3,000iPads for students across four of its Title 1 middle schools: Charles Carroll,William Wirt, Buck Lodge Middle School and Nicholas Orem Middle School.Since then, the district has further spread iPads in a 1:1 model for all studentsin these schools. Instructional practices with the devices vary across schools,but for some it has been used as a powerful creation tool. For instance,teachers at Buck Lodge Middle School have introduced iBooks to students,and have even gone so far as to create their own iBook documenting theirprocess including rollout and results. The goal of the iBooks are to share theschool's journey with their fellow teachers in other schools.
The Chromebook Difference: The district opened up a new high school,Oxon Hill High School in 2013 with a 1:1 Chromebook to student ratio.The school can boast about more than its technology: In the last year theschool has shown some promising statistics. Discipline issues have gonedown and attendance has gone up, much of which the district attributes toits technology rich environment. The district has continued to implementChromebooks across its elementary schools as it refreshes old devices, due totheir low cost and approval for PARCC tests.
Clever Discovery: Prince George's County has a ten-year partnership withDiscovery Education. This partnership includes professional development, aswell as science digital textbooks for the 2014-15 school year. As of January 20,2015, all student and teacher classrooms will be available in DiscoveryEd viaClever. The district hopes to continue utilizing software packages that workwith Clever in order to support easier transfer of student data.
Career Academies: Thanks to a generous grant from Youth CareerConnect,the district has support to develop its career academies at three high schools:Bladensburg High, Fairmont Heights High and Potomac High School. Theseschools will develop career-oriented curricula and integrate hands on learningexperiences into the classroom. These programs fall in line with an existingprogram, started by Chief Information Officer, Welsley Watts Jr. The program,called IT High School, allows high school students to earn IT skills certificatesso they can leave school prepared for both college and career.
Tech Needs & Requirements
Technology tools should integrate with Clever. The districts needs tools that support instructional goals and creative thinking and let students solve real world problems.
*Content From 2015


Here is a list of my publications, together with abstracts, bibtex entries and pdfs. The copyrights belong to the publishers, so the papers are offered here only for personal use on a non-commercial basis. More formally, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License No pdfs are given for books and some book chapters once they appear, but I may give some version of the book chapters upon request. Also, I do not guarantee that what you get is exactly what is published, especially when the system is not camera-ready but involves some editing from the publisher. I'm also starting to include, backwards, pointers to the formal publications.
There is also available code (most is free).
Along time I have discovered erratas in some papers. I have documented the fixes to these below. I have divided the erratas into small (technically incorrect statements that nevertheless do not affect at all the results), medium (those that have an impact but the main results stay correct), and serious (those that compromise the main results; fortunately they are the least).
Travis Gagie and Gonzalo Navarro.
Gonzalo Navarro, Víctor Sepúlveda, Mauricio Marín, and Senén González.
Compressed Filesystem for Managing Large Genome Collections.
Leo Ferres, José Fuentes-Sepúlveda, Travis Gagie, Meng He, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Fast and Compact Planar Embeddings.
Carlos Ochoa and Gonzalo Navarro.
RePair and All Irreducible Grammars are Upper Bounded by High-Order Empirical Entropy.
Document Listing on Repetitive Collections with Guaranteed Performance.
Travis Gagie, Meng He, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Antonio Fariña, Miguel Martínez-Prieto, Francisco Claude, Gonzalo Navarro, Juan Lastra-Díaz, Nicola Prezza, and Diego Seco.
On the Reproducibility of Experiments of Indexing Repetitive Document Collections.
Daniel Inostroza, Cecilia Hernández, Diego Seco, Gonzalo Navarro, and Alvaro Olivera.
Cell Cycle and Protein Complex Dynamics in Discovering Signaling Pathways.
Héctor Ferrada and Gonzalo Navarro.
Lempel-Ziv Compressed Structures for Document Retrieval.
Gonzalo Navarro and Nicola Prezza.
Nieves Brisaboa, Adrián Gómez-Brandón, Gonzalo Navarro, and José Paramá.
GraCT: A Grammar-based Compressed Index for Trajectory Data.
Diego Díaz-Domínguez, Travis Gagie, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Simulating the DNA Overlap Graph in Succinct Space.
Gonzalo Navarro and Víctor Sepúlveda.
Practical Indexing of Repetitive Collections using Relative Lempel-Ziv.
Jarno Alanko, Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Louisa Seelbach Benkner.
José Fuentes-Sepúlveda, Gonzalo Navarro, and Yakov Nekrich.
Space-Efficient Computation of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform.
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Adrián Gómez-Brandón, Gonzalo Navarro, and Tirso Rodeiro.
Dv2v: A Dynamic Variable-to-Variable Compressor.
Travis Gagie, Alistair Moffat, Gonzalo Navarro, and Ernesto Cuadros (editors).
Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval (SPIRE 2018).
Gonzalo Navarro, David Sankoff, and Binhai Zhu (editors).
Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2018).
Nieves Brisboa, Ana Cerdeira, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Roberto Konow and Gonzalo Navarro.
Travis Gagie and Gonzalo Navarro (editors).
Special Issue on Compact Data Structures.
Evangelos Kranakis and Gonzalo Navarro (editors).
Special Issue on Selected Papers from LATIN 2016.
Andrea Farruggia, Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, Simon J. Puglisi, and Jouni Sirén.
Tree Path Majority Data Structures.
Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Nicola Prezza.
On the Approximation Ratio of Lempel-Ziv Parsing.
Alexandre Francisco, Travis Gagie, Susana Ladra, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Exploiting Computation-Friendly Graph Compression Methods for Adjacency-Matrix Multiplication.
Daniel Saad, Felipe Louza, Simon Gog, Mauricio Ayala-Rincón, and Gonzalo Navarro.
A Grammar Compression Algorithm based on Induced Suffix Sorting.
Nieves Brisaboa, Guillermo de Bernardo, Gonzalo Navarro, Tirso Rodeiro, and Diego Seco.
Compact Representation of Event Sequences.
Nieves Brisaboa, Travis Gagie, Adrián Gómez-Brandón and Gonzalo Navarro.
Optimal-Time Text Indexing in BWT-runs Bounded Space.
Cecilia Hernandez, Carlos Mella, Gonzalo Navarro, Alvaro Olivera-Napa, and Jaime Araya.
Protein Complex Prediction via Dense Subgraphs and False Positive Analysis.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira-Pena, Guillermo de Bernardo, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compressed Representation of Dynamic Binary Relations with Applications.
Travis Gagie, Aleksi Hartikainen, Kalle Karhu, Juha Kärkkäinen, Gonzalo Navarro, Simon J. Puglisi, and Jouni Sirén.
Document Retrieval on Repetitive Collections.
Ian Munro, Gonzalo Navarro, Jesper Sindahl Nielsen, Rahul Shah, and Sharma Thankachan.
Top-k Term-Proximity in Succinct Space.
Sandra Alvarez-Garcia, Guillermo de Bernardo, Nieves Brisaboa, and Gonzalo Navarro.
A Succinct Data Structure for Self-indexing Ternary Relations.
Alberto Ordóñez, Gonzalo Navarro, and Nieves Brisaboa.
Grammar Compressed Sequences with Rank/Select Support.
Simon Gog, Roberto Konow, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Practical Compact Indexes for Top-k Document Retrieval.
Roberto Grossi, John Iacono, Gonzalo Navarro, Rajeev Raman, and S. Rao Satti.
Asymptotically Optimal Encodings of Range Data Structures for Selection and Top-k Queries.
Gonzalo Navarro and Yakov Nekrich.
Gonzalo Navarro, Rodrigo Paredes, Nora Reyes, and Cristian Bustos.
An Empirical Evaluation of Intrinsic Dimension Estimators.
Roberto Konow, Gonzalo Navarro, Charles Clarke, and Alejandro López-Ortíz.
A Self-Index on Block Trees.
LZ78 Compression in Low Main Memory Space.
Efficient Compression and Indexing of Trajectories.
Ian Munro, Gonzalo Navarro, and Yakov Nekrich.
Fast Compressed Self-Indexes with Deterministic Linear-Time Construction.
Leo Ferres, José Fuentes, Travis Gagie, Meng He, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compressed Dynamic Range Majority Data Structures.
Space-Efficient Construction of Compressed Indexes in Deterministic Linear Time.
Compact Data Structures -- A practical approach.
Evangelos Kranakis, Gonzalo Navarro, and Edgar Chávez (editors).
Proceedings of the 12th Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics (LATIN 2016).
Gonzalo Navarro and Kunihiko Sadakane.
Veli Mäkinen and Gonzalo Navarro.
Joshimar Córdova and Gonzalo Navarro.
Simple and Efficient Fully-Functional Succinct Trees.
Gonzalo Navarro and Sharma Thankachan.
Reporting Consecutive Substring Occurrences Under Bounded Gap Constraints.
Gonzalo Navarro and Nora Reyes.
New Dynamic Metric Indices for Secondary Memory.
Francisco Claude, Antonio Fariña, Miguel A. Martínez, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Universal Indexes for Highly Repetitive Document Collections.
Nieves Brisaboa, Guillermo de Bernardo, Roberto Konow, Gonzalo Navarro, and Diego Seco.
Aggregated 2D Range Queries on Clustered Points.
Optimal Encodings for Range Majority Queries.
Gonzalo Navarro and Alberto Ordóñez.
Faster Compressed Suffix Trees for Repetitive Collections.
Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto, Nieves Brisaboa, Rodrigo Cánovas, Francisco Claude, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Antonio Fariña, Travis Gagie, Giovanni Manzini, Gonzalo Navarro, and Alberto Ordóñez.
Efficient and Compact Representations of Some Non-Canonical Prefix-Free Codes.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira-Pena, Narciso López-López, Gonzalo Navarro, Miguel Penabad, and Fernando Silva-Coira.
Efficient Representation of Multidimensional Data over Hierarchical Domains.
GraCT: A Grammar based Compressed Representation of Trajectories.
Practical Dynamic Entropy-Compressed Bitvectors with Applications.
Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, Yakov Nekrich, and Alberto Ordóñez.
Efficient and Compact Representations of Prefix Codes.
Sandra Álvarez-García, Nieves Brisaboa, Javier Fernández, Miguel Martínez-Prieto, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compressed Vertical Partitioning for Efficient RDF Management.
Djamal Belazzougui and Gonzalo Navarro.
Optimal Lower and Upper Bounds for Representing Sequences.
Simon Gog, Gonzalo Navarro, and Matthias Petri.
Improved and Extended Locating Functionality on Compressed Suffix Arrays.
Edgar Chávez, Mario Graff, Gonzalo Navarro, and Eric Sadit Téllez.
Near Neighbor Searching with K Nearest References.
Young-Hwan Kim, Roberto Konow, Diego Dujovne, Thierry Turletti, Walid Dabbous, and Gonzalo Navarro.
PcapWT: An Efficient Packet Extraction Tool for Large Volume Network Traces.
Diego Arroyuelo, Francisco Claude, Sebastian Maneth, Veli Mäkinen, Gonzalo Navarro, Kim Nguyễn, Jouni Sirén, and Niko Välimäki.
Fast In-Memory XPath Search using Compressed Indexes.
Cristobal Navarro, Fabrizio Canfora, Nancy Hitschfeld, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Parallel Family Trees for Transfer Matrices in the Potts Model.
Francisco Claude, Gonzalo Navarro, and Alberto Ordóñez.
The Wavelet Matrix: An Efficient Wavelet Tree for Large Alphabets.
Cristian Bustos, Gonzalo Navarro, Nora Reyes, and Rodrigo Paredes.
An Empirical Evaluation of Intrinsic Dimensionality Estimators.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira, Antonio Fariña, and Gonzalo Navarro.
A Compact RDF Store using Suffix Arrays.
Travis Gagie, Aleksi Hartikainen, Juha Kärkkäinen, Gonzalo Navarro, Simon Puglisi, and Jouni Sirén.
Document Counting in Compressed Space.
Travis Gagie, Javier González-Nova, Susana Ladra, Gonzalo Navarro, and Diego Seco.
Simon Gog and Gonzalo Navarro.
Improved Single-Term Top-k Document Retrieval.
Gonzalo Navarro and Vladimir Pestov (editors).
Special Issue on Selected Papers from SISAP 2012.
Gonzalo Navarro, Simon Puglisi, and Daniel Valenzuela.
General Document Retrieval in Compact Space.
Diego Arroyuelo, Carolina Bonacic, Veronica Gil-Costa, Mauricio Marin, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Distributed Text Search using Suffix Arrays.
New Space/Time Tradeoffs for Top-k Document Retrieval on Sequences.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira-Pena, and Gonzalo Navarro.
XXS: Efficient XPath Evaluation on Compressed XML Documents.
Cecilia Hernández and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compressed Representations for Web and Social Graphs.
Jérémy Barbay, Timothy Chan, Gonzalo Navarro, and Pablo Pérez-Lantero.
Maximum-Weight Planar Boxes in O(n^2) Time (and Better).
Rodrigo González, Gonzalo Navarro, and Héctor Ferrada.
Pooya Davoodi, Gonzalo Navarro, Rajeev Raman, and S. Srinivasa Rao.
Encoding Range Minima and Range Top-2 Queries.
Spaces, Trees and Colors: The Algorithmic Landscape of Document Retrieval on Sequences.
Jérémy Barbay, Francisco Claude, Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Yakov Nekrich.
Nieves Brisaboa, Susana Ladra, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compact Representation of Web Graphs with Extended Functionality.
Arash Farzan, Travis Gagie, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Entropy-Bounded Representation of Point Grids.
Gonzalo Navarro, Rajeev Raman, and S. Srinivasa Rao.
Asymptotically Optimal Encodings for Range Selection.
Dynamic List of Clusters in Secondary Memory.
Nieves Brisaboa, Guillermo de Bernardo, Roberto Konow, and Gonzalo Navarro.
K^2-Treaps: Range Top-k Queries in Compact Space.
Efficient Compressed Indexing for Approximate Top-k String Retrieval.
Francisco Claude, Roberto Konow, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Efficient Indexing and Representation of Web Access Logs.
Gonzalo Navarro, Simon Puglisi, and Jouni Sirén.
Ian Munro, Gonzalo Navarro, Rahul Shah, and Sharma Thankachan.
Faster Compressed Suffix Trees for Repetitive Text Collections.
Gonzalo Navarro and Sharma V. Thankachan.
Encodings for Range Majority Queries.
Gonzalo Navarro and Luís Russo.
Sandra Álvarez-García, Nieves Brisaboa, Guillermo de Bernardo, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Interleaved K2-tree: Indexing and Navigating Ternary Relations.
Jérémy Barbay and Gonzalo Navarro.
On Compressing Permutations and Adaptive Sorting.
Jérémy Barbay, Francisco Claude, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compact Binary Relation Representations with Rich Functionality.
Andrés Abeliuk, Rodrigo Cánovas, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Eric Sadit Tellez, Edgar Chavez, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Travis Gagie, Juha Kärkkäinen, Gonzalo Navarro, and Simon Puglisi.
Colored Range Queries and Document Retrieval.
Sebastian Kreft and Gonzalo Navarro.
On Compressing and Indexing Repetitive Sequences.
Gonzalo Navarro, Yakov Nekrich, and Luís Russo.
Space-Efficient Data-Analysis Queries on Grids.
Nieves Brisaboa, Miguel Luaces, Gonzalo Navarro, and Diego Seco.
Space-Efficient Representations of Rectangle Datasets Supporting Orthogonal Range Querying.
Djamal Belazzougui, Gonzalo Navarro, and Daniel Valenzuela.
Improved Compressed Indexes for Full-Text Document Retrieval.
DACs: Bringing Direct Access to Variable-Length Codes.
Top-k Document Retrieval in Compact Space and Near-Optimal Time.
Faster Top-k Document Retrieval in Optimal Space.
A Lempel-Ziv Compressed Structure for Document Listing.
Guillermo De Bernardo, Sandra Alvarez-García, Nieves Brisaboa, Gonzalo Navarro and Oscar Pedreira.
Compact Querieable Representations of Raster Data.
Faster and Smaller Inverted Indices with Treaps.
Roberto Grossi, John Iacono, Gonzalo Navarro, Rajeev Raman, and S. Srinivasa Rao.
Encodings for Range Selection and Top-k Queries.
Djamal Belazzougui, Travis Gagie, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Better Space Bounds for Parameterized Range Majority and Minority.
Travis Gagie, Kalle Karhu, Gonzalo Navarro, Simon Puglisi, and Jouni Sirén.
Document Listing on Repetitive Collections.
Faster Compact Top-k Document Retrieval.
Compressing Huffman Models on Large Alphabets.
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Similarity Search and Applications (SISAP 2012).
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fari�a, Susana Ladra, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Implicit Indexing of Natural Language Text by Reorganizing Bytecodes.
Jérémy Barbay, Johannes Fischer, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Simon Puglisi.
New Algorithms on Wavelet Trees and Applications to Information Retrieval.
Antonio Fariña, Nieves Brisaboa, Gonzalo Navarro, Francisco Claude, Ángeles Places, and Eduardo Rodríguez.
Word-based Self-Indexes for Natural Language Text.
Francisco Claude, Gonzalo Navarro, Hannu Peltola, Leena Salmela, and Jorma Tarhio.
String Matching with Alphabet Sampling.
Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro, and José Paramá.
Diego Arroyuelo, Gonzalo Navarro, and Kunihiko Sadakane.
Stronger Lempel-Ziv Based Compressed Text Indexing.
Francisco Claude and Gonzalo Navarro.
Andrés Abeliuk and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compressed Suffix Trees for Repetitive Texts.
Compressed Representation of Web and Social Networks via Dense Subgraphs.
Dual-Sorted Inverted Lists in Practice.
Nieves Brisaboa, Gonzalo Navarro, and Alberto Ordóñez.
Smaller Self-Indexes for Natural Language.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira, Gonzalo Navarro, and Oscar Pedreira.
Ranked Document Retrieval in (Almost) No Space.
Jérémy Barbay, Gonzalo Navarro, and Pablo Pérez-Lantero.
Adaptive Techniques to find Optimal Planar Boxes.
New Lower and Upper Bounds for Representing Sequences.
Yakov Nekrich and Gonzalo Navarro.
Gonzalo Navarro and Eliana Providel.
Fast, Small, Simple Rank/Select on Bitmaps.
Gonzalo Navarro and Daniel Valenzuela.
Nieves Brisaboa, Guillermo de Bernardo, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Top-k Document Retrieval in Optimal Time and Linear Space.
Indexación mediante Arrays de Sufijos para Recuperación de Información Geográfica.
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Gonzalo Navarro, and Nivio Ziviani.
Marcos Kiwi, Gonzalo Navarro, and Claudio Telha.
On-line Approximate String Matching with Bounded Errors.
Luís Russo, Gonzalo Navarro, and Arlindo Oliveira.
Gonzalo Navarro, Rodrigo Paredes, Patricio Poblete, and Peter Sanders.
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro, and José Paramá.
Improving Semistatic Compression via Phrase-based Modeling.
Diego Arroyuelo and Gonzalo Navarro.
Space-Efficient Construction of Lempel-Ziv Compressed Text Indexes.
Gonzalo Navarro and Roberto Uribe.
Fully Dynamic Metric Access Methods based on Hyperplane Partitioning.
Compression of Web and Social Graphs supporting Neighbor and Community Queries.
Francisco Claude, Antonio Fariña, Miguel Martínez-Prieto, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Indexes for Highly Repetitive Document Collections.
Matthias Petri, Gonzalo Navarro, Shane Culpepper, and Simon Puglisi.
Backwards Search in Context Bound Text Transformations.
Eric Sadit, Edgar Chávez, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Sebastián Kreft and Gonzalo Navarro.
Nieves Brisaboa, Rodrigo Cánovas, Francisco Claude, Miguel Martínez-Prieto, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compresión y Consulta de Diccionarios de Texto en Grandes Colecciones de Datos.
Extended Compact Web Graph Representations.
In Tapio Elomaa, Heikki Mannila, and Pekka Orponen (editors) Algorithms and Applications (Ukkonen Festschrift). Pages 77-91, 2010.
Edgar Chávez and Gonzalo Navarro (editors).
Letters on Similarity Search in Metric Spaces.
Practical Approaches to Reduce the Space Requirement of Lempel-Ziv-Based Compressed Text Indices.
Lucian Ilie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Liviu Tinta.
The Longest Common Extension Problem Revisited and Applications to Approximate String Searching.
Fast and Compact Web Graph Representations.
Edgar Chávez and Gonzalo Navarro.
Gonzalo Navarro and Rodrigo Paredes.
On Sorting, Heaps, and Minimum Spanning Trees.
Veli Mäkinen, Gonzalo Navarro, Jouni Sirén, and Niko Välimäki.
Storage and Retrieval of Highly Repetitive Sequence Collections.
Range Queries over a Compact Representation of Minimum Bounding Rectangles.
Jérémy Barbay, Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Yakov Nekrich.
Alphabet Partitioning for Compressed Rank/Select and Applications.
Arash Farzan, Travis Gagie and Gonzalo Navarro.
Shane Culpepper, Gonzalo Navarro, Simon Puglisi, and Andrew Turpin.
Top-k Ranked Document Search in General Text Databases.
Gonzalo Navarro and Simon Puglisi.
Parallel and Distributed Compressed Indexes.
Compressed q-gram Indexing for Highly Repetitive Biological Sequences.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira, Gonzalo Navarro, and Gabriella Pasi.
An Efficient Implementation of a Flexible XPath Extension.
Compact Rich-Functional Binary Relation Representations.
A Fun Application of Compact Data Structures to Indexing Geographic Data.
Rodrigo Cánovas and Gonzalo Navarro.
Fast In-Memory XPath Search over Compressed Text and Tree Indexes.
LZ77-like Compression with Fast Random Access.
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Juan López, Gonzalo Navarro, and Eduardo López.
A New Searchable Variable-to-Variable Compressor.
Kunihiko Sadakane and Gonzalo Navarro.
Diego Arroyuelo, Rodrigo Cánovas, Gonzalo Navarro, and Kunihiko Sadakane.
Travis Gagie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Yakov Nekrich.
Fast and Compact Prefix Codes.
Jérémy Barbay, Carlos Bedregal, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Improving Text Indexes Using Compressed Permutations.
Estrategias de Optimizaci�n de Consultas XPath Flexibles sobre XML Wavelet Trees.
Special Issue on Selected Papers from SISAP 2008.
Rodrigo González and Gonzalo Navarro.
A Compressed Text Index on Secondary Memory.
Johannes Fischer, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Faster Entropy-Bounded Compressed Suffix Trees.
Luís Russo, Gonzalo Navarro, Arlindo Oliveira, and Pedro Morales.
Approximate String Matching with Compressed Indexes.
Rank/Select on Dynamic Compressed Sequences and Applications.
Karina Figueroa, Edgar Chávez, Gonzalo Navarro, and Rodrigo Paredes.
Speeding up Spatial Approximation Search in Metric Spaces.
Amihood Amir and Gonzalo Navarro.
Parameterized Matching on Non-linear Structures.
Paolo Ferragina, Rodrigo González, Gonzalo Navarro, and Rossano Venturini.
Compressed Text Indexes: From Theory to Practice.
Benjamin Bustos and Gonzalo Navarro.
Improving the Space Cost of k-NN Search in Metric Spaces by Using Distance Estimators.
Implementing the LZ-index: Theory versus Practice.
Joaquín Adiego, Gonzalo Navarro, and Pablo de la Fuente.
A Prototype for Querying LZCS Transformed Documents. In Spanish.
A New Point Access Method based on Wavelet Trees.
Nieves Brisaboa, Ana Cerdeira, and Gonzalo Navarro.
A Compressed Self-Indexed Representation of XML Documents.
Combining Text Compression and String Matching: The Miracle of Self-Indexing.
Dynamic Spatial Approximation Trees for Massive Data.
Roberto Uribe and Gonzalo Navarro.
EGNAT: A Fully Dynamic Metric Access Method for Secondary Memory.
K2-trees for Compact Web Graph Representation.
Gonzalo Navarro and Leena Salmela.
Indexing Variable Length Substrings for Exact and Approximate Matching.
Self-Indexed Text Compression using Straight-Line Programs.
Implementation and Application of Automata in String Processing.
Storage and Retrieval of Individual Genomes.
Norma Herrera and Gonzalo Navarro.
Árboles de Sufijos Comprimidos en Memoria Secundaria.
Indexación Espacial de Puntos Empleando Wavelet Trees.
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Similarity Search and Applications (SISAP 2008).
New Adaptive Compressors for Natural Language Text.
Dynamic Entropy-Compressed Sequences and Full-Text Indexes.
Edgar Chávez, Karina Figueroa, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Effective Proximity Retrieval by Ordering Permutations.
Practical Rank/Select Queries over Arbitrary Sequences.
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro, Ángeles Places, and Eduardo Rodríguez.
Jouni Sirén, Niko Välimäki, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Run-Length Compressed Indexes Are Superior for Highly Repetitive Sequence Collections.
Speeding Up Pattern Matching by Text Sampling.
Indexed Hierarchical Approximate String Matching.
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Susana Ladra, and Gonzalo Navarro.
An(other) Entropy-Bounded Compressed Suffix Tree.
Improved Dynamic Rank-Select Entropy-Bound Structures.
Word-based Statistical Compressors as Natural Language Compression Boosters.
On Self-Indexing Images --- Image Compression with Added Value.
Un Prototipo para la Consulta sobre Documentos Transformados con LZCS.
Martin Farach-Colton, Jesus Favela, Genoveva Vargas, Vibhu Mittal, and Gonzalo Navarro (editors).
Proceedings of the 8th Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC 2007).
Rank and Select Revisited and Extended.
Gonzalo Navarro, Rodrigo Paredes, and Edgar Chávez.
t-Spanners for Metric Space Searching.
Paolo Ferragina, Giovani Manzini, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Compressed Representations of Sequences and Full-Text Indexes.
Kimmo Fredriksson, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Rotation and Lighting Invariant Template Matching.
Gonzalo Navarro and Veli Mäkinen.
Lempel-Ziv Compression of Highly Structured Documents.
Using Structural Contexts to Compress Semistructured Text Collections.
Lightweight Natural Language Text Compression.
Smaller and Faster Lempel-Ziv Indices.
A Fast and Compact Web Graph Representation.
Approximate String Matching with Lempel-Ziv Compressed Indexes.
Implicit Compression Boosting with Applications to Self-Indexing.
Compressed Text Indexes with Fast Locate.
A Lempel-Ziv Text Index on Secondary Storage.
Gonzalo Navarro, Leopoldo Bertossi, and Yoshiharu Kohayakawa (editors).
Proceedings of the 4th IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science (TCS 2006).
Flexible Music Retrieval in Sublinear Time.
Heikki Hyyrö and Gonzalo Navarro.
Bit-Parallel Computation of Local Similarity Score Matrices with Unitary Weights.
Szymon Grabowski, Gonzalo Navarro, Rafal Przywarski, Alejandro Salinger, and Veli Mäkinen.
Gonzalo Navarro and Edgar Chávez.
A Metric Index for Approximate String Matching.
Improving Semistatic Compression via Pair-Based Coding.
Rafal Przywarski, Szymon Grabowski, Gonzalo Navarro, and Alejandro Salinger.
FM-KZ: An Even Simpler Alphabet-Independent FM-Index.
Reducing the Space Requirement of LZ-index.
Statistical Encoding of Succinct Data Structures.
Roberto Uribe, Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Barrientos, and Mauricio Marín.
An Index Data Structure for Searching in Metric Space Databases.
Rodrigo Paredes and Gonzalo Navarro.
Rodrigo Paredes, Edgar Chávez, Karina Figueroa, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Practical Construction of k-Nearest Neighbor Graphs in Metric Spaces.
On the Least Cost For Proximity Searching in Metric Spaces.
Mariano Consens and Gonzalo Navarro, editors.
Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval (SPIRE 2005).
Buenos Aires, Argentina, November 2005.
In L. Rivero, J. Doorn and V. Ferraggine (editors), Encyclopedia of Database Technologies and Applications, pages 688-694, 2005.
In L. Rivero, J. Doorn and V. Ferraggine (editors), Encyclopedia of Database Technologies and Applications, pages 367-372, 2005.
Heikki Hyyrö, Kimmo Fredriksson, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Increased Bit-Parallelism for Approximate and Multiple String Matching.
Kimmo Fredriksson, Gonzalo Navarro, and Esko Ukkonen.
Sequential and Indexed Two-Dimensional Combinatorial Template Matching Allowing Rotations.
Gonzalo Navarro and Jorma Tarhio.
LZgrep: A Boyer-Moore String Matching Tool for Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
Gonzalo Navarro and Nieves Brisaboa.
New Bounds on D-ary Optimal Codes.
Succinct Suffix Arrays based on Run-Length Encoding.
Veli Mäkinen, Gonzalo Navarro and Esko Ukkonen.
Kjell Lemström, Gonzalo Navarro and Yoan Pinzon.
Practical Algorithms for Transposition-Invariant String-Matching.
Gonzalo Navarro, Erkki Sutinen and Jorma Tarhio.
Indexing Text with Approximate q-grams.
Maxime Crochemore, Costas Iliopoulos, Gonzalo Navarro, Yoan Pinzon and Alejandro Salinger.
A Compact Space Decomposition for Effective Metric Indexing.
Bit-Parallel Witnesses and their Applications to Approximate String Matching.
Roberto Uribe, Fabián Granero, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Voronoi-Tree: Optimización y Dinamismo. In Spanish.
Gilberto Gutiérrez, Gonzalo Navarro, Andrea Rodríguez, Alejandro González, and José Orellana.
A Spatio-Temporal Access Method based on Snapshots and Events.
Proximity Searching in High Dimensional Spaces with a Proximity Preserving Order.
Joaquín Adiego, Pablo de la Fuente, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Combining Structural and Textual Contexts for Compressing Semistructured Databases.
Efficiently Decodable and Searchable Natural Language Adaptive Compression.
Compressing Dynamic Text Collections via Phrase-Based Coding.
Rodrigo González, Szymon Grabowski, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Practical Implementation of Rank and Select Queries.
Carlos Avendaño, Claudia Feregrino and Gonzalo Navarro.
Approximate Searching on Compressed Text.
Verónica Ludueña and Gonzalo Navarro.
Utilización de un Indice Métrico para Búsqueda Aproximada de Patrones. In Spanish.
Marcelo Barroso, Gonzalo Navarro and Nora Reyes.
Combinando Clustering con Aproximación Espacial para Búsquedas en Espacios Métricos. In Spanish.
Proceedings of the XXIV International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC 2004).
In R. Baeza-Yates, J. Glaz, H. Gzyl, J. Husler and J.L. Palacios (editors), Recent Advances in Applied Probability.
Lucian Ilie, Gonzalo Navarro, and Sheng Yu.
In J. Karhumaki, H. Maurer, G. Paun, G. Rozenberg (editors), Theory is Forever (Salomaa Festschrift).
Text Searching: Theory and Practice.
In C. Martin-Vide, V. Mitrana and G. Paun (editors), Formal Languages and Applications.
Approximate Regular Expression Searching with Arbitrary Integer Weights.
Gonzalo Navarro and Mathieu Raffinot.
New Techniques for Regular Expression Searching.
Kimmo Fredriksson and Gonzalo Navarro.
Average-Optimal Single and Multiple Approximate String Matching.
Practical and Flexible Pattern Matching over Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
Gonzalo Navarro and Kimmo Fredriksson.
Average Complexity of Exact and Approximate Multiple String Matching.
Probabilistic Proximity Search Algorithms Based on Compact Partitions.
Indexing Text using the Ziv-Lempel Trie.
Veli Mäkinen, Gonzalo Navarro and Kunihiko Sadakane.
Advantages of Backward Searching -- Efficient Secondary Memory and Distributed Implementation of Compressed Suffix Arrays.
Paolo Ferragina, Giovanni Manzini, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Szymon Grabowski, Veli Mäkinen, and Gonzalo Navarro.
First Huffman, then Burrows-Wheeler: A Simple Alphabet-Independent FM-Index.
Simple, Fast, and Efficient Natural Language Adaptive Compression.
Kjell Lemström, Gonzalo Navarro, and Yoan Pinzon.
Bit-Parallel Branch and Bound Algorithm for Transposition Invariant LCS.
Improved Single and Multiple Approximate String Matching.
Heikki Hyyrö, Kimmo Fredriksson and Gonzalo Navarro.
Increased Bit-Parallelism for Approximate String Matching.
Joaquín Adiego, Gonzalo Navarro and Pablo de la Fuente.
Lempel-Ziv Compression of Structured Text.
Joaquín Adiego, Pablo de la Fuente and Gonzalo Navarro.
Merging Prediction by Partial Matching with Structural Contexts Model.
Kimmo Fredriksson, Veli Mäkinen and Gonzalo Navarro.
Carlos Avendaño, Claudia Feregrino, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Mejorando un Algoritmo para Búsqueda Aproximada.
Gilberto Gutiérrez, Gonzalo Navarro and Andrea Rodríguez.
An Access Method for Objects Moving among Fixed Regions.
Una Técnica de Compresión para Documentos de Texto Considerando su Estructura.
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Benjamin Bustos, Edgar Chávez, Norma Herrera and Gonzalo Navarro.
In W. Wu, H. Xiong and S. Shekhar (editors), Clustering and Information Retrieval.
Nieves R. Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro and Eva Lorenzo Iglesias.
Compresión de Textos en Bases de Datos Digitales.
In N. Brisaboa (editor), Ingeniería del Software en la Década del 2000.
Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Jo�o Marcelo Arcoverde.
Matchsimile: A Flexible Approximate Matching Tool for Searching Proper Names.
Regular Expression Searching on Compressed Text.
Fast and Simple Character Classes and Bounded Gaps Pattern Matching, with Applications to Protein Searching.
Juha Kärkkäinen, Gonzalo Navarro and Esko Ukkonen.
Approximate String Matching on Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
Josué Kuri, Ludovic Mé and Gonzalo Navarro.
Fast Multipattern Search Algorithms for Intrusion Detection.
Benjamin Bustos, Gonzalo Navarro and Edgar Chávez.
Approximate Matching of Run-Length Compressed Strings.
Probabilistic Proximity Search: Fighting the Curse of Dimensionality in Metric Spaces.
Jayme Szwarcfiter, Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Joísa de S. Oliveira, Walter Cunto and Nivio Ziviani.
Optimal Binary Search Trees with Costs Depending on the Access Paths.
Improved Deletions in Dynamic Spatial Approximation Trees.
Matching Numeric Strings under Noise.
Kjell Lemström and Gonzalo Navarro.
Flexible and Efficient Bit-Parallel Techniques for Transposition Invariant Approximate Matching in Music Retrieval.
Maxime Crochemore, Costas Iliopoulos, Gonzalo Navarro and Yoan Pinzón.
A Bit-parallel Suffix Automaton Approach for (delta,gamma)-Matching in Music Retrieval.
SCM: Structural Contexts Model for Improving Compression in Semistructured Text Databases.
Nieves Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro and María Esteller.
(S,C)-Dense Coding: An Optimized Compression Code for Natural Language Text Databases.
Mauricio Marín and Gonzalo Navarro.
Distributed Query Processing using Suffix Arrays.
Diego Arroyuelo, Francisca Muñoz, Gonzalo Navarro and Nora Reyes.
Memory-Adaptative Dynamic Spatial Approximation Trees.
A Practical Index for Genome Searching.
Average-Optimal Multiple Approximate String Matching.
Practical Construction of Metric t-Spanners.
Nieves Brisaboa, Eva Iglesias, Gonzalo Navarro and José Paramá.
An Efficient Compression Code for Text Databases.
Algorithms for Transposition Invariant String Matching.
Applying the Contexts Model in Semistructured Text Databases.
Nieves R. Brisaboa, Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro, Eva Lorenzo Iglesias, José Paramá and María F. Esteller.
Codificación (s,c)-Densa: Optimizando la Compresión de Texto en Lenguaje Natural.
Eva Lorenzo Iglesias, Nieves R. Brisaboa, José R. Paramá, Antonio Fariña, Gonzalo Navarro and María F. Esteller.
Usando Técnicas de Compresión de Textos en Bibliotecas Digitales.
Una Estructura Dinámica para Búsqueda en Espacios Métricos.
Diego Arroyuelo, Gonzalo Navarro and Nora Reyes.
Fully Dynamic and Memory-Adaptative Spatial Approximation Trees.
Flexible Pattern Matching in Strings -- Practical on-line search algorithms for texts and biological sequences.
Kimmo Fredriksson, Gonzalo Navarro and Esko Ukkonen.
Faster than FFT: Rotation Invariant Combinatorial Template Matching.
Recent Research Developments in Pattern Recognition, vol. II.
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Alistair Moffat and Gonzalo Navarro.
In J. Abello, P. Pardalos and M. Resende (editors), Handbook of Massive Data Sets.
Searching in Metric Spaces by Spatial Approximation.
New and Faster Filters for Multiple Approximate String Matching.
Maxime Crochemore and Gonzalo Navarro.
Gonzalo Navarro, Rodrigo Paredes and Edgar Chávez.
t-Spanners as a Data Structure for Metric Space Searching.
Fully Dynamic Spatial Approximation Trees.
Optimal Exact and Fast Approximate Two Dimensional Pattern Matching Allowing Rotations.
Faster Bit-parallel Approximate String Matching.
Improved Dynamic Spatial Approximation Trees.
Nora Reyes and Gonzalo Navarro.
Eliminación en Arboles de Aproximación Espacial Dinámicos. In Spanish.
Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on String Processing and Information Retrieval (SPIRE 2001).
Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Erkki Sutinen and Jorma Tarhio.
Indexing Methods for Approximate String Matching.
NR-grep: a Fast and Flexible Pattern Matching Tool.
Edgar Chávez, Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Baeza-Yates and José Luis Marroquín.
A Guided Tour to Approximate String Matching.
Gonzalo Navarro and Ricardo Baeza-Yates.
Improving an Algorithm for Approximate Pattern Matching.
Edgar Chávez, José Luis Marroquín and Gonzalo Navarro.
Fixed Queries Array: A Fast and Economical Data Structure for Proximity Searching.
Compact DFA Representation for Fast Regular Expression Search.
Regular Expression Searching over Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
A Probabilistic Spell for the Curse of Dimensionality.
Fast and Simple Character Classes and Bounded Gaps Pattern Matching, with Application to Protein Searching.
Gonzalo Navarro, Takuya Kida, Masayuki Takeda, Ayumi Shinohara and Setsuo Arikawa.
Faster Approximate String Matching over Compressed Text.
Matchsimile: A Flexible Approximate Matching Tool for Personal Names Searching.
Towards Measuring the Searching Complexity of Metric Spaces.
Nivio Ziviani, Edleno de Moura, Gonzalo Navarro and Ricardo Baeza-Yates.
Compression: A Key for Next-Generation Text Retrieval Systems.
Fast and Flexible String Matching by Combining Bit-Parallelism and Suffix Automata.
A Hybrid Indexing Method for Approximate String Matching.
New Models and Algorithms for Multidimensional Approximate Pattern Matching.
Gonzalo Navarro, Edleno de Moura, Marden Neubert, Nivio Ziviani and Ricardo Baeza-Yates.
Adding Compression to Block Addressing Inverted Indexes.
Edleno de Moura, Gonzalo Navarro, Nivio Ziviani and Ricardo Baeza-Yates.
Fast and Flexible Word Searching on Compressed Text.
Improved Approximate Pattern Matching on Hypertext.
Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Eduardo Barbosa, Nivio Ziviani and Walter Cunto.
Binary Searching with Non-uniform Costs and Its Application to Text Retrieval.
Block Addressing Indices for Approximate Text Retrieval.
Nancy Hitschfeld, Gonzalo Navarro and Rodrigo Farías.
Tesselations of Cuboids with Steiner Points.
Josué Kuri, Gonzalo Navarro, Ludovic Mé and Laurent Heye.
A Pattern Matching Based Filter for Audit Reduction and Fast Detection of Potential Intrusions.
XQL and Proximal Nodes (Preliminary Version).
An Effective Clustering Algorithm to Index High Dimensional Metric Spaces.
Josué Kuri and Gonzalo Navarro.
An Index for Two Dimensional String Matching Allowing Rotations.
Approximate String Matching over Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
Boyer-Moore String Matching over Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
Gonzalo Navarro, Erkki Sutinen, Jani Tanninen and Jorma Tarhio.
Virna Cuquejo, Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Gonzalo Navarro.
Algoritmos y Estructuras de Datos para Búsqueda de Objetos Similares. In Spanish.
Very Fast and Simple Approximate String Matching.
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Ricard Gavaldá, Gonzalo Navarro and Rodrigo Scheihing.
Bounding the Expected Length of Longest Common Subsequences and Forests.
Fast Multi-Dimensional Approximate String Matching.
A New Indexing Method for Approximate String Matching.
A General Practical Approach to Pattern Matching over Ziv-Lempel Compressed Text.
Overcoming the Curse of Dimensionality.
Edleno de Moura, Gonzalo Navarro and Nivio Ziviani.
Linear Time Sorting of Skewed Distributions.
Jo�o Paulo Kitajima and Gonzalo Navarro.
A Fast Distributed Suffix Array Generation Algorithm.
A Unified Model for Similarity Searching.
PhD thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Chile, 1998. Ricardo Baeza-Yates, advisor.
(for the English part, strip off the first few Spanish pages).
The abstract has appeared in EATCS Bulletin 67, pages 278-282, Feb 1999.
A Practical q-Gram Index for Text Retrieval Allowing Errors.
Fast Searching on Compressed Text Allowing Errors.
A Bit-parallel approach to Suffix Automata: Fast Extended String Matching.
Fast Two-Dimensional Approximate Pattern Matching.
Direct Pattern Matching on Compressed Text.
Fast Approximate String Matching in a Dictionary.
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Gonzalo Navarro, Jesús Vegas and Pablo de la Fuente.
A Model and a Visual Query Language for Structured Text.
Berthier Ribeiro, Jo�o Paulo Kitajima, Gonzalo Navarro, Cláudio Sant'Ana and Nivio Ziviani.
Parallel Generation of Inverted Lists for Distributed Text Collections.
Autran Mac�do, Marco Cristo, Elaine Silva, Denilson Barbosa, Jo�o Paulo Kitajima, Berthier Ribeiro, Gonzalo Navarro and Nivio Ziviani.
Experimental Analysis of a Parallel Quicksort-Based Algorithm for Suffix Array Generation.
Un Lenguaje de Consulta Intuitivo para Textos Estructurados. In Spanish.
Virna Cuquejo, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, and Gonzalo Navarro.
Proximal Nodes: A Model to Query Document Databases by Content and Structure.
Gonzalo Navarro, Jo�o Paulo Kitajima, Berthier Ribeiro and Nivio Ziviani.
Distributed Generation of Suffix Arrays.
Multiple Approximate String Matching by Counting.
A Partial Deterministic Automaton for Approximate String Matching.
Marcio Araújo, Gonzalo Navarro and Nivio Ziviani.
Large Text Searching Allowing Errors.
Jo�o Paulo Kitajima, Gonzalo Navarro, Berthier Ribeiro and Nivio Ziviani.
Distributed Generation of Suffix Arrays: a Quicksort-Based Approach.
A Practical Index for Text Retrieval Allowing Errors.
Integrating Contents and Structure in Text Retrieval.
A Faster Algorithm for Approximate String Matching.
An Optimal Index for PAT Arrays.
A Fast Heuristic for Approximate String Matching.
Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Ricard Gavaldá and Gonzalo Navarro.
Un Lenguaje de Consultas sobre Estructura y Contenido en Bases de Datos de Texto. In Spanish.
First prize in the III CLEI-UNESCO Master's Thesis Contests.
A Class of Linear Algorithms to Process Sets of Segments.
A Language for Queries on Structure and Contents of Textual Databases.
MSc. thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Chile, 1995. Ricardo Baeza-Yates, advisor.
Eduardo Barbosa, Gonzalo Navarro, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Chris Perleberg and Nivio Ziviani.
Optimized Binary Search and Text Retrieval.
Gonzalo Navarro, Eduardo Barbosa, Chris Perleberg, Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Nivio Ziviani.
Optimized Indirect Binary Search and Text Retrieval (Preliminary Version).
Expressive Power of a New Model for Structured Text Databases.
Gonzalo Navarro and Jorge Sanz.
MediaCore: a Multimedia Interface Composition Toolkit.


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text:
Q: Complex SELECT in Tarantool There is two spaces, named e.g. Company and Cars. Space Company has company id (primary index) and geolocation (point) fields (secondary index). Space Cars has car (primary index) and companies (array of all companies where this car can be rented). I need to get top 10 Companies in specified rectangle where specific car can be rented. What is the (if I can say so) best solution to achieving this?
Here I need to combine spatial and non-spatial indexes in order to get result. My search plan is to look for car tuple and get all companies (there may be 1000 of them), and then in another space to filter 10 of the within specified rectangle.
My use case is something similar to this (not rent-a-car use case), but all logic is same. There will be much more Companies than cars (millions of Companies and 300-500k of Cars). How to optimize my plan in order to get these infos, what indexes to use, etc.? There need to be spatial and non-spatial conditions for one select, as you see.

A: I think the best strategy for this type of index would be to map your cars to points in another dimension, sufficiently far apart from each other. E.g. if your typical search is within a few square kilometers, make sure each car "coordinate" is at least a few dozen kilometers away from the nearest neighbour car. Then you can use our multi-dimensional RTREE index for the search.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What Year Is It (28)?
The Top 5 selling albums in the U.K. 1. Greatest Hits, The Carpenters; Band on the Run, Paul McCartney and Wings; Tubular Bells, Mike Oldfield; The 50 Greatest Hits, Elvis Presley; and The Dark Side of the Moon, Pink Floyd. Oy!


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Very satisfied and would recommend a visit.
This entry was posted in Reviews on March 12, 2019 by admin.


text:
07 Extra
A city map from the 17th century
The so-called Knillenburg Prospect shows Chur, city of guilds, and the bishop's court before the great fire of 1674. Discover this early modern city in detail.
The bishop's court. The fortified area above the city served as the bishop's seat since the Early Middle Ages. The court comprised the cathedral, the bishop's castle, towers, an inner court, and other buildings. In 1514 the emperor Maximilian I separated this area from the city and handed it to the bishop as an imperial fief. Only since 1852 has the bishop's court become an integrated part within the city's borders once more.Photo: Raetian Museum +
The church of St Stephan, final resting place of the bishops of Chur, was constructed after the year 500. Only fragments of it remained by the 17th century and it was no longer used as a church. Its remnants were only rediscovered in 1850 when the cantonal school was built. They are now considered one of the most significant architectural monuments of early Christianity in Switzerland.Photo: Raetian Museum +
The church of St Luzi dates from the 8th century. In the 17th century it was the site of a Premonstratensian monastery. Today it houses the priests' seminary.Photo: Raetian Museum +
St Martin's church, first mentioned around 800, is one of the oldest churches of the city. It was damaged by fire in 1464 and rebuilt in the Gothic style. In 1523 Johannes Comander was called to St Martin's church, where he joined the Reformation.Photo: Raetian Museum +
The tailors' guildhall. Chur had been a city of guilds since 1464. Their members' halls served as gathering places for ceremonial occasions but also for economic and political decisions of local importance. The guildhall of the tailors was built in the 16th century and today stands opposite the Raetian museum.Photo: Raetian Museum +
The town hall of Chur. Its predecessor was destroyed by the great city fire of 1464. After that, the new town hall was built as the seat of the city authorities and has remained intact until today. Up until c. 1550 it also housed a hospital, and the large hall served as a trading and market place. Set into its outer wall is the official measurement of the 'Chur foot' (30 cm).Photo: Raetian Museum +
The Dominican monastery of St Nicolai, founded in 1280, moved into buildings beyond the city walls in 1288. In the course of the reformation the monastery was disbanded and turned into a school. It was briefly restituted in 1624, before a final decision was made and the remaining buildings were incorporated into the school.Photo: Raetian Museum +
The Obertor («Upper Gate»). Mediaeval Chur was enclosed by a city wall with several towers and gates. Not all the smaller towers featured in the Knillenburg Prospect can be verified historically. The Obertor, most important for all traffic from the South, remains until today.Photo: Raetian Museum +
Welschdörfli is an area to the south of the city inhabited since prehistoric times, and also the site of the Roman town Curia. Its name comes from the Late Middle Ages when German had established itself as the city's vernacular, while «Welsch» (i.e., Romansh) was still spoken outside the city walls.Photo: Raetian Museum +
Scaletta cemetery, opened after the reformation and built beyond the city walls, was a novelty at the time as it was not in the immediate vicinity of a church. Also unusual is the fact that both Protestants and Catholics were buried there. The cemetery was in use until 1862 and is now the city park.Photo: Raetian Museum +
And where is the Raetian museum? The house of Buol was only built in 1675 and therefore does not appear on the Knillenburg Prospect. Instead, its predecessor - an armoury - is still seen there. In even earlier times, this was the site of the cemetery of St Martin's church.Photo: Raetian Museum +
The diocese A city map from the 17th century The reformation in Chur Chur, city of guilds

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Междоусобная война на Руси (1146—1154) — борьба за власть в Киевском и других княжествах, от смерти Всеволода Ольговича до смерти Изяслава Мстиславича. Основным соперником Изяслава выступал младший брат его отца, Юрий Долгорукий, который, хотя и имел преимущественное право наследования перед племянником, смог окончательно утвердиться в Киеве только после его смерти (и смерти Вячеслава Владимировича, своего старшего брата).

Предшествующие события
Более ранняя фаза противоборства относилась к 1130-м годам и имела место по причине соглашения между Мстиславом Великим и Ярополком Владимировичем о передаче переяславского княжения после смерти Мстислава его сыну в нарушение прав младших Мономаховичей. Аналогичное соглашение существовало между Вячеславом Владимировичем и младшими Мономаховичами относительно наследования их уделов (Волыни и Суздаля) их сыновьями.

В 1127 году Мстислав Великий не восстановил на черниговском княжении Ярослава Святославича, изгнанного зятем Мстислава Всеволодом Ольговичем, за что Всеволод отдал Мстиславу Курск.

В 1139 году на киевском княжении умер Ярополк Владимирович, при котором Ольговичи, воспользовавшись конфликтом между младшими Мономаховичами и Мстиславичами и выступив на стороне последних, смогли вернуть себе Курское княжество. Приехавший в Киев следующий по старшинству Мономахович Вячеслав был изгнан Всеволодом Ольговичем Черниговским, при этом Давыдовичи Владимир и Изяслав получили черниговские земли. Младшие Ольговичи, владевшие Новгород-Северским княжеством, попытались овладеть Переяславлем, но безуспешно.

Юрий Долгорукий, чей сын Ростислав княжил в Новгороде, попытался поднять новгородцев в поход на юг против Всеволода, но поддержан не был. Тогда Юрий впервые в истории внутренних войн на Руси захватил Торжок. Новгородцы вновь призвали на княжение Святослава Ольговича, затем Святослава Всеволодовича, но вскоре Всеволод Ольгович, опасаясь возвращения в Новгород Ростислава Юрьевича, согласился на предложение Изяслава Мстиславича и направил в Новгород Святополка Мстиславича (1142).

Княжение Изяслава в Киеве (1146—1149)
В 1146 году Всеволод Ольгович умер, завещав княжение своему брату Игорю, что вызвало недовольство киевлян, и они призвали на княжение Изяслава Мстиславича. В августе 1146 года под Киевом у Надова озера Ольговичи и Давыдовичи были разбиты и бежали в Чернигов, Игорь попал в плен. Вячеслав Владимирович воспринял изгнание Ольговичей из Киева как восстановление своих прав, и отдал волынский престол, освободившийся после отъезда Святослава Всеволодовича, своему племяннику Владимиру Андреевичу. Изяслав в ответ не только завладел Волынью, но и посадил вместо Вячеслава в Туров своего сына Ярослава (старший, Мстислав, был посажен в Переяславле).

Давыдовичи, опасаясь ответных действий Изяслава, заключили с ним союз против Святослава, заявив свои претензии на Новгород-Северское княжество. Тогда Святослав обратился за помощью к Юрию Долгорукому, прося помочь освободить брата и обещая за это признать его старшинство. Юрий Долгорукий обещал помощь, уведомив Святослава, что тот может начинать боевые действия.

Пока Святослав собирал войско, Давыдовичи вторглись в северскую волость и осадили Новгород-Северский. Вскоре к ним присоединился сын великого князя Мстислав Изяславич с переяславцами и берендеями. Вместе они разорили окрестности и попытались взять штурмом город, но были отбиты его защитниками.

Юрий Долгорукий, задержанный нападением на свои владения муромо-рязанского князя Ростислава Ярославича, действовавшего по просьбе Изяслава, послал на помощь Святославу своего сына Ивана с войском (декабрь 1146). Обрадованный Святослав отдал Ивану половину своей волости: Курск и города по Сейму. В то же время стало известно, что к Новгороду-Северскому движется большое войско великого князя.

Святослав отступил к Карачеву (в верховьях Оки), взяв с собой жену, детей и супругу Игоря. За беглецом погнался Изяслав Давыдович с 3 тыс. всадников. 16 января 1147 года Святослав с дружиной и половцами атаковал Изяслава недалеко от Карачева и, разметав его войско по лесу, оторвался от преследования. Не дожидаясь подхода основных сил киевского великого князя, Святослав поджёг Карачев и ушёл «за лес» в «Вятичи». Святослав получил в помощь от Юрия 1000 белозёрских латников, но поход против Давыдовичей был прерван из-за внезапной болезни и смерти Ивана Юрьевича (24 февраля 1147).

Однако уже весной Юрий и Святослав провели набеги на земли союзников Изяслава, соответственно на Торжок и на смоленские владения в верховьях Протвы. Вопрос о новгородских данях стал причиной похода Изяслава и его союзников на Суздальщину в 1149 году и был существенным пунктом переговоров между Изяславом и Юрием в ходе дальнейшей войны. После набегов Юрий встретился со Святославом в Москве (4 апреля 1147).

После слуха о сговоре Давыдовичей с Ольговичами Игорь был убит в Киеве (сентябрь 1147), а Давыдовичи вернули Святославу Новгород-Северский, удержав Курск. Святослав получил от Юрия Долгорукого в помощь другого его сына, Глеба, с сильной дружиной, и посадил его в Курске, изгнав оттуда Мстислава Изяславича. Примечательно, что куряне, как позже переяславцы и киевляне, отказались воевать против Мономаховича. В 1148 году Изяслав Мстиславич, обеспокоенный примирением Ольговичей с Давыдовичами, ходил на Чернигов с венграми, против него к Любечу выходили Давыдовичи со Святославом, рязанцами и половцами, Изяслав отступил без битвы. Однако Давыдовичи и Святослав, не получив помощи от Юрия, вынуждены были вступить в союз с Изяславом и согласиться на участие в совместном с ним походе на Суздальщину.

Затем к Изяславу пришёл старший сын Юрия Ростислав, недовольный тем, что отец вступил в союз с Ольговичами и послал его им в помощь против Изяслава (по версии Лаврентьевской летописи), либо что не дал ему волости (по версии Ипатьевской летописи), и получил её от Изяслава, признав его старшинство.

В начале 1149 года Изяслав, оставив в Киеве брата Владимира, организовал поход в суздальские земли смоленских и новгородских войск. Союзники пограбили владения Юрия на Волге и вывели из княжества 7 тысяч пленных. Давыдовичи и Святослав выступили в поход, но участия в конфликте не приняли. Вернувшись в Киев, Изяслав заподозрил Ростислава Юрьевича в заговоре против него и лишил удела. Воспользовавшись этим формальным поводом, Юрий пришёл на юг, соединился со Святославом Ольговичем и половцами и потребовал от Изяслава Переяславль. Изяслав отказался, ему на помощь пришёл Изяслав Давыдович, но битва под Переяславлем была ими проиграна, а киевляне, как и переяславцы, отказались сражаться против Мономаховича Юрия.

Княжение Юрия в Киеве (1149—1150)
Заняв Киев, Юрий вернул Святославу Курск и отдал Туров. Сыновьям дал: Ростиславу — Переяславль, Андрею — Вышгород, Борису — Белгород, Глебу — Канев, Васильку — Суздаль.

Получив помощь от поляков, венгров и чехов, Изяслав послал звать на киевский стол дядю Вячеслава, угрожая в случае отказа идти на его удел — Пересопницу. Но нападение пруссов на Польшу и угроза Венгрии со стороны галицкого князя Владимира Володаревича (Владимирко) заставили союзников Изяслава удалиться.

Пересопницкое перемирие
Изяслав был связан родственными узами со многими европейскими дворами. Прибыв во Владимир князь Изяслав Мстиславич вступил в переговоры со своими иноземными родичами — правителями Венгрии, Чехии и Польши. С этого времени война между князьями вышла за рамки внутренней русской междоусобной распри и стала частью общеевропейской политической истории. Европейские правители выразили готовность помочь русскому князю в войне с Юрием Долгоруким. Результатом переговоров явилось образование мощной коалиции восточноевропейских держав, враждебных Юрию — Венгрии, Польши, Чехии и Волыни, а также Смоленска и Новгорода, где княжили брат и сын Изяслава Мстиславича. Юрий принадлежал к младшей ветви рода Мономашичей и не имел близкородственных династических связей на Западе. Его контакты были сориентированы больше на южных и восточных соседей Руси, в том числе на половцев. Тем не менее его союзником стал галицкий князь Владимирко Володаревич.

Очередное столкновение между Изяславом и Юрием произошло зимой 1149 — весной 1150 года. Сражение, не выявившее победителя, произошло под Луцком. Но после семинедельной осады Луцк сдался. В Пересопнице было заключено перемирие, по условиям которого Киев оставался за Юрием, Владимир-Волынский — за Изяславом; Юрий возвращал своему племяннику право сбора дани с Новгорода Великого, а также пленников и военную добычу, захваченные Юрием в битве у Переяславля в августе 1149 года. Но обещание о возврате военной добычи Юрием не было выполнено. Условия, заключённого в Пересопнице мира, не устраивали ни Юрия, ни Изяслава, не смирившегося с потерей Киева.

Второе вокняжение Изяслава (1150)
В начале лета 1150 года состоялся поход Изяслава Мстиславича с венгерской помощью на Киев. По пути он заехал в Поросье к чёрным клобукам, которые поддержали Изяслава и готовы были воевать против Юрия. Юрий не успел обратиться за помощью ни к своему свату Владимирку Галицкому, ни к черниговским князьям и, не имея возможности защищать Киев, он бежал. Так завершилось первое киевское княжение Юрия Долгорукого, продолжавшееся менее года, а Изяслав вернул себе «киевский стол» вокняжившись во второй раз.

Юрий на киевском престоле во второй раз (1150—1151)
Договорившись с черниговскими князьями и с князем галицким о совместных действиях, в конце августа (или в начале сентября) 1150 года Юрий подступил к Киеву и вошёл в город. Киевляне с готовностью приняли его, опасаясь вступления союзника Юрия — Владимирко Галицкого, жестокость которого и крутой нрав были хорошо им известны. Началось второе киевское княжение Юрия Долгорукого.

Княжение Изяслава в Киеве (1151—1154)
Зимой 1151 года Изяслав, получив вспомогательный отряд от венгерского короля Гезы II, снова выступил на Киев. Владимирко погнался за ним, но Изяслав искусным маневром обманул его и оторвался от погони. Юрий вынужден был снова покинуть Киев, а Изяслав призвал в Киев Вячеслава, заключив с ним договор на княжение в Киеве. Владимирко рассердился на нерасторопность союзников и прекратил военные действия. С этого момента и до смерти Изяслава дядя и племянник формально правили совместно (1151—1154), хотя все вопросы решались Изяславом. Юрий Долгорукий и после этого не хотел отказаться от своих прав на Киев: весной 1151 г. он переправился через Днепр, но при этом дважды потерпел поражение: под Киевом на Лыбеди и на реке Рут. Во второй битве, особенно упорной, Изяслав был ранен, а после боя едва не убит своим воином, не узнавшим князя в лицо. Приведённые сыном Изяслава Мстиславом венгры были разбиты галичанами, но задача отвлечь последних от решающего столкновения Изяслава и Юрием была выполнена. Юрий сохранил на юге только Курск, в Переяславле Изяслав посадил княжить сына Мстислава.

В 1151 году Изяслав утратил влияние в Полоцке, откуда женатого на его сестре Рогволода Борисовича изгнал минский князь Ростислав Глебович, признавший старшинство Святослава Ольговича.

В 1152 году союзные Изяславу венгры разгромили галичан на р. Сане, те запросили мира. В том же году, услыхав о разорении своего Городка, Юрий Долгорукий послал за помощью к рязанским князьям; Ростислав явился на его призыв с полками муромскими и рязанскими. Поход закончился неудачной осадой Чернигова. Изяслав с союзниками осадил Новгород-Северский и заставил Святослава Ольговича заключить мир. В 1152—1153 годах Изяслав дважды отправлял сына Мстислава с войсками против половцев, на берега Орели и Самары: в первый раз половцы были разбиты, во второй избежали столкновения.

В 1153 году Владимирко Галицкий умер. В 1153 году Изяслав нанес поражение молодому галицкому князю Ярославу Владимировичу в сражении у Теребовля, но сам понес большие потери и велел перебить пленных.

В 1153 году Юрий начал новый поход на юг, у Козельска соединился с половцами, но вернулся назад, отправив к половцам сына Глеба, чтобы привлечь большее их количество. Рязань захватил Андрей Боголюбский, но был изгнан Ростиславом с половецкой помощью.

В 1154 году после смерти Святополка Мстиславича Изяслав посадил на Волыни своего брата Владимира.

Последующие события
После смерти Изяслава (ноябрь 1154) киевским князем по приглашению Вячеслава стал Ростислав Мстиславич. Приехавший раньше него под предлогом похорон Изяслава Мстиславича Изяслав Давыдович в Киев пущен не был. Ростислав дал Туров сыну своей сестры и племяннику Святослава Ольговича, Святославу Всеволодовичу, который первым приехал в Киев. Глеб Юрьевич вторгся в Переяславское княжество, и Ростислав с Мстиславом Изяславичем и Святославом Всеволодовичем двинулись на Чернигов, требуя от Изяслава Давыдовича отказаться от претензий на Киев. Тот вывел войска навстречу. Тем временем пришло известие из Киева о смерти Вячеслава (декабрь 1154). Ростислав не решился вступать в бой, чем вызвал негодование и отвод войск Мстиславом Изяславичем.

Получив известие о смерти Вячеслава, Юрий двинулся на юг через Смоленское княжество. Ростислав вынужден был покинуть Киев, вывести смолян навстречу дяде и заключить с ним мир (январь 1155). Изяславу, занявшему Киев, пришлось уступить его Юрию (март 1155). В Вышгороде стал править Андрей Юрьевич, в Турове — Борис Юрьевич, в Переяславле — Глеб Юрьевич, в Поросье — Василько Юрьевич.

Юрий в союзе с Ярославом галицким попытался отнять у Мстислава Изяславича сначала Луцк, а после того как Мстислав изгнал из Владимира своего дядю Владимира Мстиславича — Владимир. Обе попытки оказались неудачными, и Мстислав остался волынским князем, хотя и вынужден был под давлением Юрия уступить Дорогобуж и Пересопницу Владимиру Андреевичу (таким образом Юрий частично исполнил клятву, данную отцу Владимира Андрею Владимировичу). Ущемление прав Мстиславичей вызвало отход Ростислава Мстиславича смоленского от союза с Юрием и складывание черниговско-волынско-смоленского союза.

Оценка
Юрий в противоположность Изяславу не может быть назван борцом за продолжение Мономаховой традиции. Изяслав сохраняет и в трудном положении своём более широкий политический кругозор. Добиваясь Киева, он пытается встать во главе всех князей русских, иметь всю братью свою и весь род свой в правду, чтобы они ездили по нём со всеми своими полками, а борьба с Юрием для него неизбежна, так как независимая и враждебная суздальская сила грозит влиянию его в Новгороде и служит опорой враждебным элементам Черниговщины…Совокупность известий о деятельности Юрия Владимировича ведёт к заключению, что у него не связывалось с обладанием киевским столом каких-либо широких положительных задач.
Борьба за Киев продолжается еще долго после того, как он по существу дела потерял значение действительного центра всей Русской земли, и в этой борьбе гибнут попытки старших Мономаховичей стать местной киевской династией, гибнут, несмотря на поддержку, встреченную ими в населении. Сама Мономахова линия Рюрикова рода, широко раскинувшаяся от Волыни до Суздальщины, раскалывается на враждебные стороны в борьбе за Киев. Не хотят отказаться от него черниговские Ольговичи, ревниво следят за ним, препятствуя его усилению, особенно соединению с Волынью, и галицкие князья. В этом смысл всей борьбы за Киев после кончины Всеволода Ольговича (1146). Не вдаваясь в анализ её перипетий, отмечу только существенные её моменты. Такими можно считать: 1) стремление Мономахова потомства разграничить в свою пользу правобережное Поднепровье от Ольговичей черниговских; 2) отказ старших Мономаховичей от мечты основать в Киеве центр своего семейного владения и перенос его на Волынь; 3) отказ — после попытки Юрия Долгорукого — суздальских Мономаховичей от связи старейшинства с Киевом и переход их к политике, сходной с галицкой, политике ослабления Киевщины, которая перестает быть опорным пунктом для общерусского влияния князей, ведших более широкую политику, и 4) превращение Киева из центра в форпост Южной Руси, пока его окончательно не сломило татарское нашествие.

См. также
 Междоусобная война на Руси (1158—1161)

Примечания
Комментарии

Источники

Литература

 Пресняков А. Е. Княжое право в Древней Руси. Лекции по русской истории. Киевская Русь. — : Наука, 1993. — ISBN 5-02-009526-5.

Ссылки
 Ипатьевская летопись
 Новгородская первая летопись старшего извода
 Карамзин Н. М. «История государства Российского» ВЕЛИКИЙ КНЯЗЬ ИЗЯСЛАВ МСТИСЛАВИЧ. Г. 1146—1154
 Соловьёв С. М. «История России с древнейших времен» СОБЫТИЯ ПРИ ПРАВНУКАХ ЯРОСЛАВА I, БОРЬБА ДЯДЕЙ С ПЛЕМЯННИКАМИ В РОДЕ МОНОМАХА И БОРЬБА СВЯТОСЛАВИЧЕЙ С МОНОМАХОВИЧАМИ ДО СМЕРТИ ЮРИЯ ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧА ДОЛГОРУКОГО (1125—1157)

Междоусобная война на Руси (1146—1154)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Roman Meier October 4, 2018
—> Some reflections on career aspirations and their implications for the global poor.
CAREER - OPPORTUNITY OR LIMITATION?
It is good to have a historical understanding of career and look at it as an institutions which serves a societal function rather than a naturally given way of structuring one's life. The idea of career as we know it today emerged in the 19th century and reflects the economic transformation of industrializing countries. Putting it positively, career allows people to specialize and build up a stable income and a pension. Putting it negatively, career increases competition among the labor force through incentives and undermines effective struggles against systemic exploitation.
When it comes to the development sector, which differs substantially from the private market, there are a number of additional issues that need to be kept in mind. First of all, the purpose of development, at least on a conceptual level, is the enhancement of the global poor. Its function is not to provide livelihoods to well educated and privileged people like me but to improve the living conditions of the poor. On a more practical level, however, development seems to be a highly professionalized realm and characterized by a steep hierarchy. The career path is fairly narrow and there is little space for acting beyond the rules dictated by governmental donors and dominant organizations. Sometimes I have the impression that the development world is neither progressive nor driven by its theoretical purpose but simply mirrors the global power distribution and therefore the interest of the political and economic elite.
Thinking this further, it can be said that perusing a career in development means to accept the legitimacy of this system. When I talk about the system, I mean both the globalized economy as well as the institutionalized relationships between rich states and poor countries with little negotiation power. Because I am personally convinced that poverty is the product of this system and that change lies in the effort to overcome its exploitive mechanisms, the development sector seems to be the wrong place for me. A successful career depends not on one's critical engagement but on the ability to play with the rules. It may appear unacademically but there is no better way to understand this then by watching the Netflix series House of Cards. Clearly exacerbated, the series demonstrates well how the political system in the United States is not driven by the people's demands and a democratic mindset of its leaders. Instead, the actual decision-making is mainly shaped by the strategic interest of politicians and the outcome of the unevenly distributed negotiation power. Given my modest experience, I have the impression that similar mechanisms can be found in the development sector.
But there is another dimension to consider. Recently, the institution of career has undergone structural changes. If I can believe my older colleagues, opportunities to work abroad after graduation were widely spread and well compensated. This is not the case anymore today. I have experienced how interns and young employees (which are often trapped in cycles of consultancy contracts) feel pressured to go abroad. Given the opportunity to work in a developing country seems to be the lottery check pot. Weirdly enough, the more underdeveloped the country the better. After all, a year in South Sudan proves the ability to cope with risks and the capacity to remain effective in an highly demanding environment while a year in Fiji could also indicate that one simply likes crystal clear water and white beaches – something that looks less impressive on your CV. Needless to say, this is my subjective perception and I hope to be wrong in any regard. But I cannot shake off the feeling that most people around me (especially the young ones) make their decisions mainly on the basis of career considerations. There is no blame in my argument nor the claim that I am resistant to such a way of thinking. But it seems that many people do not work in development to overcome other people's poverty but to avoid one's own impoverishment.
This is a systemic problem where scarce career opportunities reinforce an uncritical way of working. The provision of aid is not backed up by a progressive agenda but by people who are in competition and therefore in need to adapt to the dominant rules of development. This is well illustrated by the major narrative of the New Deal which is taken as a self-evident paradigm and hardly critically approached during programming.
EXAMPLE: THE NEW DEAL AND THE GLOBAL POOR
We work culturally sensitive, we rely on participatory activities, we foster community ownership, we are aware of the local realities - I would bet my internship salary that it is not possible to find an approved proposal without at least one of these terms being mentioned. That development assistance needs to be locally grounded is probably the most important lesson from the last decades. And this should clearly be seen as a positive change as it renders the imposition of Western values upon the rest of the world into an outdated model. At the same time, however, the emphasis on the local seems to inform a way of thinking where development is limited to the places where poverty, violence, corruption and marginalization are materialized. By limiting programming to the developing countries themselves, all the causal drivers of poverty which lie beyond those places are rendered less important. A development organization which does not work, as it is often called, on the ground is considered illegitimate. Of course there are a number of arguments which support this but one issue that bothers me is that it sidelines the global dimension of local problems.
Globalization matters. Especially international corporations undermine development by exploiting resources from the Global South and channel them to towards the capitalist hubs. I am aware that such an understanding of global trade is often perceived as an outdated and a simplified concept. But while people tend to roll their eyes when hearing such statements, I have hardly ever come across a strong theoretical or empirical argument against the devastating impact of globalized capitalism upon the underdeveloped world. Of course, there are some examples, like China, which demonstrate how free market can lift people out of poverty. But most of those countries also illustrate that capitalism is not dependent on democratic institutions but can flourish freely in autocratic states. Such arguments seem to confuse development with economic progress and are hardly convincing. Either way, what is relevant here is that the marginalization of whole countries is to a certain extend the result of globalization. Poverty is then not so much a condition which is naturally given and whose negative impact we should mitigate by providing aid but produced by specific political and economic practices which remain untouched by most development work.
During my internship, I consciously used the term "underdeveloped" in some of my documents but I was told that it is an outdated term and that one does not want to label poorer countries as such. I still appreciate the term not because it reinforces a hierarchical thinking but because it indicates that (under)development is produced and not a natural state of being. Talking about developing countries emphasizes the process of being on the right path - Everything needed is a little push through well-informed assistance. Talking about underdevelopment, however, makes the linkage between the rich and the poor explicit. I totally agree that a boy in CAR, who was raped by a soldier, is not interested in the difference between such categories but is simply in need for a particular set of assistance. And I believe that we have a responsibility to do as much as we can to provide support which is meaningful to the problems on the ground. But if development workers are not aware to what extend local grievances are shaped by global dynamics, development work remains ineffective. It is not only important to be in line with the ground realities but to ensure that our engagement also considers the global dynamics and their impact upon the poor.
A couple of days ago, I was having a meeting and one colleague was telling a story of him talking to a Dutch politician who was apparently in favor of reducing ODA as, so the politician, the past has not bore the desired results. The story was not followed by much discussion as everybody seemed to agree that this politician must have a somehow distorted view on how development works and what it can bring about. In many ways, I found this reaction odd. I do not intend to argue, like many right-wing populists, against ODA but simply ask myself why development has fallen into disrepute. Once we take a step back, we have to admit that the international community was not able to prevent genocides, environmental degradation, the grow of slums, child soldiers, slavery and many more grievances. I do not necessarily think that this is the case because development workers are working in a wrong way but because the whole development system is simply not powerful enough to countervail the forces of modernity. As Zygmunt Bauman, a polish sociologist, argues, the capitalist mode of production in general and its neoliberal manifestation in particular produces poverty and renders people into the outcasts of modernity. We can grant more money for the UNHCR, develop more efficient housing for IDP's, or be more pronounced when it comes to the advocacy on human rights. All these measurements will likely not reduce the number of displaced people because they are the logical outcome of a system which increases inequality and deprives people of the possibility to build up their live in their own place of origin. Development cannot succeed because it is limited by a system which keeps undermining the attempts to empower poor and marginalized people. In many ways, the current situation of the development sector indicates that it is a futile undertaking. Now, there are basically two ways to react. We can sideline this problem and continue writing another thousand pages of lessons learnt or we take it seriously and revisit our basic understanding of development.
To me, development should mean more than having a bunch of governmentally controlled donors with politically informed requirements and NGO's who limit their engagement to the implementing work in poor countries and some advocacy excursions to New York. Development should not be understood as a particular form of aid provision but as the attempt to overcome those mechanisms that produce poverty in the first place. And these mechanisms are not localized in the developing world but just in front of our door steps. For example, Geneva is not only the host city of the UN, the ICRC and the WTO but also the capital for speculating on stable foods. With rice, corn and grain covering the vast majority of the world food consumption, speculation of such products can have devastating effects on the global poor. Now, I sit here working for an NGO who offers food security programs yet remains fairly uncritical towards such forms of speculation. Illegalizing such practices would probably render a vast amount of food security programs unnecessary. In short: development work should engage with the mechanisms that produce poverty rather than trying to mitigate the effects of poverty.


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text:
Officials: Rite Aid shooting suspect dead
September 20, 2018 1:36 pm Travis Sloan Top Stories
(CNN) – [Breaking news update, published at 3:13 p.m. ET]
The suspect in the shooting at a warehouse distribution center in rural Maryland has died of apparent self-inflicted wounds, Harford County Sheriff Jeffrey Gahler said.
She was a temporary employee at the facility, the sheriff said.
[Previous story, published at 3:09 p.m. ET]
A woman killed three people and wounded others at a drugstore distribution center Thursday in Harford County, Maryland, before shooting herself twice, officials said.
A source close to the investigation said the woman was a disgruntled employee. She shot herself in the head in an apparent suicide attempt, but was unsuccessful so she shot herself again, the source said.
A law enforcement official briefed on the incident, who provided the casualty toll for CNN, said the suspect was at some point a security guard at the Rite Aid support facility where the shooting occurred.
The suspect used a single handgun, Sheriff Jeffrey Gahler said at a news conference. The gunwoman is in custody and in critical condition at a local hospital, he said.
No law enforcement officers fired shots during their response, he said. Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center received four patients with "priority one gunshot wounds," said spokeswoman Kristin Mears.
At a news conference, Ray Fang, the hospital's trauma medical director, said two of the victims were stable and doing well, while two remain seriously injured. All the victims were out of surgery, he said.
It was not clear whether the shooter was among those treated, and Fang declined to provide additional information until he was sure all the victims' families had been notified.
Rite Aid spokeswoman Susan Henderson said roughly 1,000 employees work at the distribution center, where products are received and processed for delivery.
"The shooting happened adjacent to the primary building," she said. "What I understand is the location is secure."
'It's right on the doorstep'
Colleen Hendrickson, who lives and works in the area, said she was waiting on the bus when someone told her there had been a shooting nearby.
"I, of course, thought it was far off or, that's like down the road or something, right?" she told CNN affiliate WJZ. "No, it's right outside. It's right on the doorstep."
She saw emergency vehicles, including ambulances, and helicopters, which were out of place for the "sleepy" part of the county, she said. The area is home to many warehouses and plants, some belonging to major brands, including makeup and bleach companies.
"It's really just usually very calm, and this is the most chaotic I've ever seen it," she told the station. "It's very scary when it's just right there on your doorstep because you can see a billion news reports about shooters, about emergency instances, and it still doesn't make it real to you."
People were being asked to avoid the area just outside the city of Perryman, roughly 30 miles northeast of Baltimore. Homes, churches and a cemetery are in the vicinity. Railroad tracks run alongside a business park.
Third mass shooting in a day
Deputies were dispatched at 9:09 a.m. ET, the sheriff's office tweeted. They were on the scene in five minutes, Gahler said.
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives sent agents from Baltimore. The FBI's Baltimore office is also assisting.
"We are closely monitoring the horrific shooting," Gov. Larry Hogan tweeted. "Our prayers are with all those impacted, including our first responders. The state stands ready to offer any support."
This marks the third shooting with multiple victims in the country in the span of a day. A shooting at an office complex in Middleton, Wisconsin, left three people hurt Wednesday, and a gunman wounded four people at the Masontown Borough Municipal Center in Pennsylvania later in the day.
Police killed the shooters in both Wednesday incidents.
Harford County authorities responded to another fatal shooting in October, when a man killed three people and wounded two others at a remodeling business where he worked in Edgewood. The gunman later drove to Wilmington, Delaware, where he shot and wounded a sixth victim.
Travis Sloan
Group Social Media and Digital Content Manager for Quincy Media, Inc.


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High school sports are back, and The Herald-Mail sports team is ready to play
Daniel Kauffman
After a 2020-21 school year significantly altered by the COVID pandemic, Washington County high school coaches, athletes and administrators all looked forward to a return to business as usual in 2021-22.
Whether business as usual will actually take place remains to be seen. The Delta variant may have other ideas.
At least for now, fall sports practices are going on as planned. The first golf match took place on Tuesday, private schools will start their seasons in earnest next week, and the public schools will kick things off with the first Friday night of football on Sept. 3.
The Herald-Mail will be there every step of the way.
If you missed it, Bob Parasiliti revealed his list of the county's top 25 returning football players on offense as well as on defense, along with others who could make a name for themselves in the near future. He also gave a breakdown of the games to circle on the calendar all season long. We also published the football schedules for each of the county's eight teams.
Coming Aug. 22-29, we will publish a football team preview each day.
Andy Mason is putting together a list of the top athletes to watch across all of the other fall sports — boys and girls soccer, volleyball, cross country and golf — as well as the story of a talented freshman who could make an impact immediately, and others who could be making waves in the near future.
I am taking on the challenge of identifying the top storylines from A to Z for the fall season.
Elite fall season coverage
Throughout the season, we will have football blanketed like an elite cornerback.
Each Monday, Parasiliti will give his in-depth analysis from the previous weekend's games, and I will publish a highlights video online. On Tuesdays we will spotlight the top performers from the weekend. On Wednesdays, Parasiliti will preview the upcoming weekend's contests. On Thursdays he will have a feature story or column, and will also make his predictions for the action to come.
On Friday nights, it's all hands on deck on the sidelines. Before kickoff, we will go live on Facebook with previews of the upcoming action. As the games unfold, follow us on Twitter for live updates and video highlights. After the final snaps are taken, we will post final scores and highlights from each game online.
We won't be neglecting the other sports. On Tuesdays, I will be digging into statistics and spotlighting the top athletes, teams and trends. Mason and I will be writing regular feature stories. On a nightly basis, we will produce a list of scores and top performers from that day's action.
On Monday, we will announce the nominees for our Athletes of the Week awards — one poll for boys sports, one poll for girls sports. You will be able to vote online, with the winners being announced later each week.
Throughout the season, keep an eye on our fall sports central page online. It will have links to all of our best content. We will keep up to date on all the scores, schedules and records for all Washington County teams in all sports.
Purchase an online subscription today so you don't miss out on all of our best content.
Follow us on Facebook (Herald-Mail Sports), on Twitter at our main handle (@HMMediaSports) and our individual handles (@HmsportsBob, @Andrew_M_Mason and @HmsportsDan), and on Instagram (heraldmailnews).
We can't wait to see you out there, and we hope you'll join us on here.


Legal entity LIN-TIAN CORPORATION is a business company registered in the Register of State Ohio with the Entity Number 1311151 under the legal form of CORPORATION FOR PROFIT. The company was written into the database at 8th April 2002 and its current status is Active. The seat of the company is at OXFORD, BUTLER. The registered agent of this company is LIXIN TIAN with the seat at 330 S LOCUST ST , OXFORD, OH 45056. Its licence is currently Active.
The company was set up by LIXIN TIAN.


Dr. Dahlke's passion and inspiration for medicine began at an early age as a result of seeing her father, a Family Medicine physician, build trusted relationships with his patients and their families.
Originally from Alexandria, she received her Bachelor of Arts degree from St. Olaf College and furthered her education at the University of Minnesota Medical School. She completed her residency training at Sioux Falls Family Medicine Residency program before joining Glacial Ridge Health System in 2012.
Dr. Dahlke was drawn to GRHS due to the strong sense of teamwork and the commitment to quality and compassionate care. She enjoys building relationships and collaborating with her patients, encouraging them to be active participants in their own health care decisions. As a Family Medicine physician, she is devoted to providing comprehensive health care for people of all ages, with a special interest in women's health and obstetrics.
Along with her husband Chris, Dr. Dahlke was drawn to Glenwood for its welcoming community and recreational activities. She enjoys traveling, camping, biking, running, gardening, reading and sewing on her spare time.