The capital city of Canberra today is a living embodiment of the nation's quickly evolving arts, architecture and cultural scenes. It's just over a hundred years old, and this relative youth gives it a unique kind of energy. Canberra's chief architect crowed to the New York Times in 1913, "I have planned a city not like any other city in the world." And he was right.
This former sheep pasture halfway between rival cities Sydney and Melbourne stands among grand urban designs like Washington D.C. as a purpose-built and painstakingly designed environment. The city also boasts a burgeoning batch of top-notch dining, from the delectable sashimi and oysters at Akiba to the utterly unique take on modern-Australian at Aubergine. Fueling up visitors on foodie fare and the city's innovative design, Canberra is a town that makes good old-fashioned sightseeing a lot of fun.
On the breezy Acton Peninsula, you'll find the strikingly post-modern design of the National Museum of Australia. The museum's most visible trait is its looping, sculptural architecture that curls over peaceful Lake Burley Griffin (elements allude to Australia's famous Uluru) and extends a pathway into the museum. The museum itself is a storehouse of Australian culture, with exhibits on Indigenous artifacts and art to an enormous reconstructed local dinosaur – the Muttaburrasaurus – and one of Australia's most iconic cars.
You'll find even more cultural gems when you cross over to the southern side of the lake. Before you even get across the bridge, you'll spot the iconic columns of the National Library of Australia. Hit the Library to explore a treasure trove of archival objects from the journal of Captain Cook to torches from Australia's Olympics in Melbourne and Sydney.
Walking up Reconciliation Place from the Library leads you past the National Portrait Gallery before concluding at the National Gallery of Australia. The Gallery has an embarrassment of aesthetic riches featuring Monet, Warhol and Salvador Dali's whimsical 'Lobster Telephone'. The Gallery also boasts the world's largest collection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander artworks including The Aboriginal Memorial, a stunning display of 200 hollow log coffins from 43 Aboriginal artists representing 200 years of European occupation of Australia. Outside, you'll find the Sculpture Garden, including Fujiko Nakaya's eerie 'fog sculpture', which visitors experience by walking through wooded paths past a marsh pond enshrouded in floating banks of fog.
The war holds special significance here since, as a newly minted nation in 1901, World War I came to Australia as a chance to earn its stripes on a global stage. Thousands of Australians enlisted (and many gave their lives).
Visitors to the site's Hall of Memory have admired saint-like mosaics of the fallen from World War II. The memorial's Anzac Hall (with an immersive night bombing raid experience) and Roll of Honour (where Australia's lost soldiers are honored every day at 4:55pm in the Last Post Ceremony) are also essential visits.
Australia's elegant Old Parliament House serves nowadays as the Museum of Australian Democracy (MOAD). It's an interesting place to experience – from 1927 to 1988, it served as the seat of government. Walking the halls of this historic building, you'll still feel the remaining parliamentary tension as you check out ornate bells mounted in every room, which once rang to summon Parliamentarians to vote. Even bathrooms were not exempt from bells ringing to call for an urgent vote. Elegant though it is, the building was only ever seen as temporary and was designed to last only 50 years.
Going back even farther than the Old Parliament House, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders lived here long before Europeans bumped onto the continent. So you may be interested in visiting the Aboriginal Tent Embassy, the site of an ongoing encampment started in 1972 by four Aboriginal men to ask for land rights and preservation of sacred sites across the nation. Today you'll know it by a series of tents and encampments and a fire lit to mark ownership of the land.
By 1988 when Parliament moved uphill to dominate the skyline from Capital Hill, the building was straining to hold a growing government. So when it came to the new Parliament House, they upsized everything, and it's a sight to behold. There are over 4000 rooms in this huge, modernist structure. Even the iconic flagpost is crafted from shining steel, weighing 250 tonnes. It's held up by four structures reminiscent of two clashing boomerangs.
Inside, the members of Australia's two houses of government – the House of Representatives and the Senate – meet in their red and green chambers. You can catch an often-spirited parliamentary debate here depending on the calendar. From Parliament House, you can also get a great perspective on the city's top-level design: look down the hill to see MOAD align with Australian War Memorial for a stunning realisation of Burley Griffin's vision.


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Home >> News >> Bristol-Myers Squibb Presents Updated Efficacy Data from Phase 2 Trial of Empliciti (elotuzumab) Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)
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Bristol-Myers Squibb Presents Updated Efficacy Data from Phase 2 Trial of Empliciti (elotuzumab) Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)
PRINCETON, N.J. - (NYSE: BMY) announced the presentation of updated data from ELOQUENT-3, the international randomized Phase 2 study evaluating Empliciti (elotuzumab) plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (EPd) versus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Pd) alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In a non-prespecified analysis conducted to provide a descriptive assessment of overall survival (OS) after extended follow-up of at least 18.3 months, patients treated with EPd continued to experience sustained and clinically relevant OS and progression-free survival (PFS) benefits compared with patients treated with Pd.
Treatment with EPd was associated with a 46% reduction in risk of death [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.54; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.30 to 0.96] versus treatment with Pd alone. At 18 months, rates of OS, a secondary endpoint, were 68% for patients treated with EPd compared to 49% for patients treated with Pd. Median OS was not reached with EPd [95% CI: 24.9 months, Not Estimable (NE)] at the time of analysis and was 17.4 months (95% CI: 13.8, NE) among patients receiving Pd. Eighteen-month PFS rates were 34% among patients randomized to EPd compared to 11% among patients randomized to Pd. Safety results for EPd were consistent with the primary analysis and with prior findings for Empliciti and pomalidomide regimens.
These data will be presented at the 24th Congress of the European Hematology Association (EHA) in Amsterdam in a poster display (Abstract #PS1370) on Saturday, June 15 from 5:30-7 PM CEST.
"Multiple myeloma is a disease characterized by relapse, making it all the more important to have effective options available for patients after initial treatments. With 18 months of follow-up from the ELOQUENT-3 trial, we continue to see meaningful improvements across key endpoints with EPd versus Pd alone, including a positive trend in overall survival," said Meletios A. Dimopoulos, M.D., professor and chairman of the Department of Clinical Therapeutics at Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine. "These data point to the potential for this combination to become a new standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma that returned after or did not respond to prior therapies, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor."
"The extended follow-up results from ELOQUENT-3 reinforce the EPd combination's sustained efficacy and favorable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma," said Fouad Namouni, M.D., head, Oncology Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb. "These data, along with our overall presence at EHA, underscore our commitment to leading innovative research in hematology and developing therapies that can improve long-term survival for patients with different types of blood cancer."
Data from the primary analysis of ELOQUENT-3 were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in November 2018 and supported the approval of EPd by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adult patients with RRMM who have received at least two prior therapies, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor.
Bristol-Myers Squibb and AbbVie are co-developing Empliciti, with Bristol-Myers Squibb solely responsible for commercial activities.
About ELOQUENT-3
The Phase 2 ELOQUENT-3 trial randomized 117 patients with RRMM who received two or more prior therapies and were either refractory or relapsed and refractory to lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either EPd (n=60) or Pd (n=57) in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients in both the EPd and Pd arms received 4 mg of pomalidomide for days 1-21 of each cycle, and the weekly equivalent of 40 mg or 20 mg dexamethasone for patients ≤75 years or >75 years, respectively. In the EPd arm, Empliciti was administered intravenously at the dose of 10 mg/kg weekly for the first 2 cycles and 20 mg/kg every four weeks starting from cycle 3. The primary endpoint of the study was investigator-assessed PFS.
In the 18-month follow-up analysis, adverse events (AEs) were comparable between treatment arms and consistent with the primary analysis. The most common grade 3-4 AEs were infections (22% among patients receiving EPd, 24% among patients receiving Pd), neutropenia (13%, 29%), anemia (10%, 22%), thrombocytopenia (10%, 7%) and hyperglycemia (8%, 11%). Grade 5 all-cause AEs occurred in seven patients (12%) who received EPd and nine patients (16%) who received Pd.
Bristol-Myers Squibb: Advancing Oncology Research
At Bristol-Myers Squibb, patients are at the center of everything we do. The focus of our research is to increase quality, long-term survival for patients and make cure a possibility. Through a unique multidisciplinary approach powered by translational science, we harness our deep scientific experience in oncology and Immuno-Oncology (I-O) research to identify novel treatments tailored to individual patient needs. Our researchers are developing a diverse, purposefully built pipeline designed to target different immune system pathways and address the complex and specific interactions between the tumor, its microenvironment and the immune system. We source innovation internally, and in collaboration with academia, government, advocacy groups and biotechnology companies, to help make the promise of transformational medicines, like I-O, a reality for patients.
About Empliciti
Empliciti is an immunostimulatory antibody that specifically targets Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule Family member 7 (SLAMF7), a cell-surface glycoprotein. SLAMF7 is expressed on myeloma cells independent of cytogenetic abnormalities. SLAMF7 also is expressed on Natural Killer cells, plasma cells and at lower levels on specific immune cell subsets of differentiated cells within the hematopoietic lineage.
Empliciti has a dual mechanism of action. It directly activates the immune system through Natural Killer cells via the SLAMF7 pathway. Empliciti also targets SLAMF7 on myeloma cells, tagging these malignant cells for Natural Killer cell-mediated destruction via antibody-dependent cellular toxicity.
Empliciti was initially approved by the FDA in 2015 in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have received one to three prior therapies.
About Bristol-Myers Squibb
Bristol-Myers Squibb is a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol-Myers Squibb, visit us at BMS.com .
About AbbVie in Oncology
At AbbVie, we strive to discover and develop medicines that deliver transformational improvements in cancer treatment by uniquely combining our deep knowledge in core areas of biology with cutting-edge technologies, and by working together with our partners – scientists, clinical experts, industry peers, advocates, and patients. We remain focused on delivering these transformative advances in treatment across some of the most debilitating and widespread cancers. We are also committed to exploring solutions to help patients obtain access to our cancer medicines. With the acquisitions of Pharmacyclics in 2015 and Stemcentrx in 2016, our research and development efforts, and through collaborations, AbbVie's oncology portfolio now consists of marketed medicines and a pipeline containing multiple new molecules being evaluated worldwide in more than 200 clinical trials and more than 20 different tumor types. For more information, please visit https://www.abbvie.com/our-science/therapeutic-focus-areas/oncology.html.
KIRBY HOSEA
KIRBY.HOSEA@BMS.COM
TIM POWER
TIMOTHY.POWER@BMS.COM
Source: news.bms
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Mission Innovation | Our work | Mission Innovation Breakthroughs | Solar Foods – Food out of thin air
One quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions from human action originate from the food system. Those emissions need to be close to stopped within 30 years. At the same time the global population will grow by 2 billion. Additionally, increasing standards of living could result in ever increasing food and meat consumption with negative environmental impacts. Once solution is to develop a fundamentally more efficient food system.
Solein production is the only food production technology that does not use any agricultural inputs. It completely disconnects food production from agriculture. It is free from negative land use effect as it does not need fertile land nor plants or animals. The Solar Foods process is 10 times more energy-efficient per hectare than photosynthesis, and 10 to 100 times more climate-friendly and efficient in water use than animal or plant-based alternatives.
Solar Food's protein production is cost-competitive with all proteins, except possibly bulk soy. Converting hydrogen and CO₂ to calories makes the solution uniquely scalable: production can happen anywhere in the world.
Solar Foods is a start-up that has built and is now operating a pilot plant for producing the protein. The pilot is an identical replica of a future full-scale factory producing one kilogram per day. The production is taking place in a reactor that has been scaled up 1000 times in one year.
Solar Foods is going to publish its full-scale factory plan in Q3/2019. The factory would produce 10,000 tonnes of single cell material annually with 50% protein content. Commercial launch of the Solein protein is expected in 2021.
Solar Foods produces the world's most sustainable protein, "Solein", by using electricity and capturing CO₂ and water from air. This will revolutionize food production as Solein production is not dependent on agriculture, weather or climate.
Solar Foods' technology offers to serve as a platform technology for disconnecting the pressure on growing global food production from the increasing use of land, the sea and natural resources.


why do they show up as dropping motes of shadow? was this data from before a change in a previous patch? or are you just trying to discourage people from trying to farm them because you want the motes for yourself?


Why my website is showing a error messeage it keep saying error 503?
I lost my website I can not see it. It keeps saying Error 503 Service Unavailable. I want to know why?
Is your site http://miratv25.yolasite.com/? If so, I am able to see this up and running. I've attached a screenshot of this.
1. Clear the cache in your browser.
2. Try a different browser.
3. Try a different network.
I'm getting this too for http://scrolling.yolasite.com/. 503 error in Firefox. Half the site in Chrome.
cleared cache, restarted browser. Tried publishing another one of my sites and getting a 503 error on it too. Haven't dared to try it with a custom domain.
So strange.. I am able to see your site on Chrome and on Firefox.
We'll do some poking around and see what's going on. Please keep us apprised on how things are going on your end.
still getting a 503 in FF. Chrome seems okay now. Weird indeed!
We had a technical problem earlier, but it has now been resolved. You may need to refresh your browser or clear the cache. Let us know if you continue to see the error in FF.


The employees' provident fund will earn a higher interest rate of 8.8% for 2015-16, marginally up from the existing 8.75%. There has been demand to hike the PF interest rate to 8.90%.
Union Labour Minister Bandaru Dattatreya said the hike is an 'interim one' and indicated that it could be further revised later. There is global slowdown and interest rates in India are also coming down, the minister said, adding that the Reserve Bank of India and other central government organisations are monitoring the market trends.
"We had last time given 8.75% and this time, seeing the situation, we are declaring 8.8% for the workers," he told reporters after chairing the 211th meeting of the Central Board of Trustees (CBT) of the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO).
While trade unions had demanded that the interest rate be fixed at 8.90%, the government had revised it to 8.80%, he said, underlining the Centre's commitment to the working class.
On trade unions' demand for 8.9% interest rate, he said, if that was implemented, the 'surplus' the government will have would be Rs 285 crore. And in the case of 8.8%, the surplus will be Rs 673 crore, he explained.


We parents have our own individual projections and perceptions. When love and fear are concerned, it is wise to take a little listen to our internal gremlins. To live in love with your challenged and challenging child, beware the voice of fear lurking in the background and, sometimes, straight up in the foreground.
He is scary. She is crazy. He is evil. She is a bottomless pit. He is going to hurt someone. She is a liar. He doesn't care about anything. She is self-centered. He is hopeless. She is going to kill me in my sleep. Nothing is ever going to work. I can't deal with this. I'm not good enough. I can't survive this. This is awful. This is impossible. Life isn't worth living. I shouldn't feel this way. I can't do this.
Those projections and perceptions will kick your survival brain into full gear and you will be on high alert for fight, flight or freeze parenting. Fear suffocates love. In order to be a therapeutic parent, you must be able to access your higher self, the higher road, your greater love.
That sounds so unrealistic in the face of the frequency of disruption to relationships and family life when you are parenting attachment challenged, traumatized children. I don't mean to be Pollyanna about it. If you know me, I am hardly a match for Pollyanna. (Suddenly, I am thinking many of you will have no idea what that reference is to…I'm definitely showing my age.) While nothing like her, I do know that fear leads to fierce, reactive parenting which in turn leads to flipped lid reactivity in children. In other words, your fear can be making things worse.
One of the ways our background gremlins keep love at bay is by repeating so often we begin to believe our projections and perceptions. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. He is scary, so I should be scared. See what I mean? If that's all you tell yourself, that's what you will believe.
If your head is flooded, you are going to forget you have any love at all; and you will cause yourself to be hypervigilently tuned into your fear and fierce parenting to prevent the damage your scary child is obviously about to create (mistaken belief).
One solution is to rise up about 10,000 feet and take a more objective look at each moment in time. Is it really catastrophic? Is it really killing you? Do you really need to be afraid right now? Even in an unfortunate situation where a 5 year old is running at you with a knife: chances are you have three feet on her and her resolve to kill you is weak. You are probably not in a life threatening situation. More likely you are in a situation you could have avoided and you can de-escalate with an uptick in empathy and love. That is an alternative perception.
Join our monthly Adoptive Parent Support Group on February 8, 2017! Open to all adoptive parents at no cost. Support group is every 2nd Wednesday of every month from 6pm to 8pm at 3336 Bradshaw Road, Ste 175, Sacramento, CA 95827. Child care provided at no cost. Please send an email to Jen@attachplace.com to let her know you are going to attend a day before the group. That allows us time to add to our childcare cadre if we need to do so. Thank you.
Get your discounted copy of Drowning With My Hair On Fire: Insanity Relief For Adoptive Parents by Ce Eshelman, LMFT. Daily inspirational reading for those who sometimes find it hard to keep hope alive. There is hope for healing.


We will miss you, Johanna!
Prevent Child Abuse America is losing one of its longest allies at the end of June, but today we are celebrating her career and legacy. For the past 43 years, Johanna Schuchert, our long-time Executive Director of Prevent Child Abuse Virginia, has dedicated her life to child abuse and neglect prevention.
Johanna got her start in the cause during the 1970s as a member of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. The Virginia state club had chosen to raise funds and awareness for child abuse prevention, and Johanna volunteered to help. Her volunteering turned into a full time job when Johanna founded Parents Anonymous of Virginia and became its director in 1980.
In 1991, Johanna's Parents Anonymous group merged with another statewide organization, SCAN (Stop Child Abuse Now) to form Virginians for Child Abuse Prevention Inc. In concert with her friend and colleague Barbara Rawn, Johanna set out to create new programs that would benefit children and families in Old Dominion.
One of those programs that Johanna helped develop is called Hugs and Kisses. Developed for elementary school teachers, the Hugs and Kisses program still exists today and remains Virginia's only statewide, school-based child sexual abuse prevention and early intervention program. Johanna has also been instrumental in the development and support of Healthy Families Virginia, bringing evidence-based home visiting services to at-risk families throughout the state.
But Johanna didn't stop there. During her career, she has been involved in the creation of numerous other programs and organizations that have benefited children and families. From a program aimed at helping incarcerated parents remain connected to their children (MILK), to training programs to better educate day care center staff, to issue-based coalitions like the Virginia Statewide Parent Education Coalition, Johanna has been instrumental in the development and cultivation of future-focused, prevention minded action in her home state.
It is easy to see that Johanna has made a profound impact on her state and the families that live there, and so it is equally easy to understand how much we will miss her presence in our network. Fortunately, Johanna has left a remarkable legacy and an indelible mark on Virginia and we are grateful to have had a leader like her in our field for the past 43 years.
If you'd like to show your appreciation for Johanna, consider making a donation to the endowment fund that has been created in her name and which goes to support the Hugs and Kisses program.


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Home ‹ About us ‹ Dr Georgie Stilwell
Endocrinologist MBBS FRACP
After finishing school Dr Georgie Stilwell completed a Bachelor of Music at the Tasmanian Conservatorium of Music (Piano major). She then lived, worked and travelled overseas, particularly in France. After her return to Australia, having decided to study medicine, she was accepted into the University of Queensland's Graduate Medical Course. She graduated in 2001.
Dr Stilwell completed her Royal Australasian College of Physicians training in Endocrinology at the Royal Hobart Hospital where endocrinologists are recognised nationally and internationally as diagnosing and managing very rare and specialised, as well as common endocrine disorders.
Dr Georgie Stilwell has been in private practice since early 2011. Her particular areas of interest are thyroid disease and Obstetric endocrinology. Her research in this area has been published in highly respected international journals including the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. In addition to her private practice, she has a VMO position at the Royal Hobart Hospital.
At the Royal she treats patients in the Thyroid Clinic, Thyroid Neoplasia Clinic, and in the Obstetric-Endocrine clinic as required. Georgie is also a Senior Lecturer within the School of Medicine at the University of Tasmania.
Neurologist BMed, FRACP
Dr MacIntyre is a Staff Specialist Neurologist at the Royal Hobart Hospital. She completed her neurology training in Hobart and…
Cardiologist MBBS FRACP Principal and Medical Director
Dr Michael Coombes has almost 20 years experience as a Cardiologist. He trained at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, and…
Neurologist MBBS (Hons), FRACP, GradDip Clin Ed
Doctor Sarah Hewer is a staff specialist at The Royal Hobart Hospital and a visiting neurologist at Hobart Private and…
Cardiologist and Electrophysiologist, MBBS FRACP
Tasmania born and educated, Dr Stewart Healy is a Cardiologist and Electrophysiologist currently based in Melbourne. Stewart has undergone training…
Endocrinologist MBBS, PhD, MD, FRACP
Professor Burgess (MBBS, PhD, MD, FRACP) is a consultant endocrinologist at the Royal Hobart Hospital, the Professor of Endocrinology at University…
Rheumatologist MBBS FRACP
Dr Serena Parker was educated predominantly in Tasmania, completing her medical degree at the University of Tasmania. She worked for…
Endocrinologist BMedSci MBBS (Hons) PhD FRACP
Dr Sally Abell graduated from the University of Tasmania with a Bachelor of Medical Science and a Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor…
Gastroenterologist MBBS FRACP
Dr Middleton has nearly 30 years experience as a gastroenterologist. He completed his medical degree at University of Tasmania with…
Rheumatologist and General Physican MB ChB FRACP
Dr Lea–Anne May has over 20 years experience as a consultant Rheumatologist and General Physician. She graduated from Otago Medical…
Endocrinologist and General Physician BSc(Hons) MBChB FRCP(Glasg) FRACP MD
Roland graduated from the University of Glasgow and worked in the MRC Blood Pressure and Endocrinology Unit in the Western…


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Korea needs lucky draw for Rio
The football draw for the 2016 Rio Olympics is slated for this Thursday at Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [AP/NEWSIS]
With the football draw for the 2016 Rio Olympics just around the corner, JTBC3 FOX Sports commentator Lee Chun-soo says there's one grouping that gives South Korea the best shot at advancing to the quarterfinals.
"If South Korean team is allocated to the group with Mexico, Denmark and Fiji, this would be the best scenario," said Lee.
The draw is slated to take place on this Thursday at Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. With 16 teams participating in the tournament that runs from August 3 to 20, the teams are allocated to four pots with four teams each.
Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and Japan are in pot one; Nigeria, South Korea, Honduras and Iraq are in pot two; Sweden, Fiji, Portugal and South Africa are in pot three; and Algeria, Colombia, Denmark and Germany are in pot four.
Since two teams from the same continent cannot be assigned to the same group, South Korean team will have to play teams from Europe and South America. During the drawing this Thursday, one team from each pot will be allocated to a group. After the group stage, eight teams will advance to the knockout stage.
Few know the stakes of getting a good draw better than Lee, who experienced two different Olympics while he was a national team footballer.
Lee's first Olympics was in 2000 in Sydney, Australia, when he was 19 years old. Although the team had two wins and one loss, it was unable to advance to the next round.
Things were dramatically different the next time around in Athens. As the ace of the team, Lee led the Taeguk Warriors to the quarterfinals. Although the team's record was one win and two draws - a worse record than in the previous Olympics - the team was able to advance to the knockout stage
Lee says his experience indicates the importance of getting into an advantageous grouping.
"We were disqualified even with two wins in Sydney but in Athens, we advanced to the next round only with five points," said Lee. "The latter was possible essentially because the teams in the group were very similar in terms of skill."
South Korea had no luck during the draw for the Sydney Olympics. The team was grouped with powerhouses Spain and Chile, as well as Morocco.
In the first group stage match against Spain, South Korea was dominated 3-0 with footballers like Xavier Hernandez Creus, or Xavi, leading the European team. But it held onto hope, defeating both Morocco and Chile 1-0. The problem, however, was the goal differential. While Spain edged Morocco 2-0, Chile dominated Spain and Morocco by 3-1 and 4-1, respectively. Although Chile was defeated by South Korea, it managed to secure a total of seven goals to place first in the group. Spain followed closely with six goals. Korea didn't make the cut.
Lee Chun-soo [NEWSIS]
The team's disqualification was disappointing because that particular national team was considered one of the best in South Korea's history. It was stacked with legendary players such as Park Ji-sung, Lee Young-pyo and Lee Woon-jae, who were all core members of the team that placed third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
But the situation was completely flipped around in the next Olympics. Grouped with Mali, Mexico and Greece, the team was able to advance to the knockout stage despite tying with Mali and Greece and defeating only Mexico.
"Among the teams in pot one, I think South Korea would have the best chance with Mexico," Lee said. "From Europe, Denmark is a team that South Korea could take on without much difficulty and I think South Korea can grab a win over Fiji without much problem. Being grouped with these three teams would be the most advantageous scenario for us."
"But if South Korea is grouped with teams like Brazil, Germany and South Africa, obviously it is going to be a rough ride from the get-go." Lee added. "The group draw is not something that anyone has control over but it would be best for us to avoid Brazil, Germany and South Africa."
Brazil is a top candidate to win the summer games. Not only is it the host of the Olympics, but the team has also added the national team's ace striker and captain Neymar da Silva Santos Junior as the wild card. Germany is also a favorite to win the Olympics. After winning the Brazil World Cup in 2014, even Germany's U-23 team is considered a lethal bunch. Along with Brazil and Germany, Lee says African teams such as South Africa and Algeria should also be feared.
"Our defense struggled against Mali during the Athens Olympics," recollected Lee. "I asked one of our defenders why was it so difficult playing against the Mali offense. He told me the Mali strikers make turns where it simply seems impossible. Africans players are like that. They are clever and flexible enough to make unpredictable moves. A lot of them are also experienced in European leagues."
BY PI JOO-YOUNG [choi.hyungjo@joongang.co.kr]


American Town Car was recommended to me by a friend and I've used them for 2 years. They are always on time and very courteous. Some of my rides have been on Thanksgiving and Christmas, interrupting the drivers' own celebrations, but I still received the same personable service.
Pickups always on time, courteous, friendly...Minnesota Nice!
I've been using American as a corporate client for five years and they have never let me down. Dependable, friendly and professional from day one.
I have been using American Town Car for many years (over 10) and they continue to provide excellent service. They are always prompt, courteous, their cars are impeccable and they are very professional. I use the service every time I travel. It is so nice to come arrive at the airport knowing that a warm/cool car is waiting for you and that you can relax and not worry about driving. When you make your reservation for trips from the airport you provide them with your flight information and they monitor your flight to make sure they are ready to pick you up when you land. I trust the drivers so much that I have referred them to a number of people including my boss. Every person that I know that has used this service has received the same outstanding service that I receive. I recommend their service to anyone who needs transportation. Their rates are very competitive and who wouldn't want to ride in a nice car vs taking a cab and not knowing what to expect.
Thank you so much for the wonderful review. It's been an honor and privilege to do business with you throughout the years! We look forward to many more years to come.


Bocce - the family favourite outdoor ball game!
This Boule Bocce set comes with eight large coloured balls and a jack.
Bocce is the strategic ball game where you have to roll your ball and try and get it closest to the jack.
Play in teams of two, three or four and score points against your opponent.
Balls are made of durable plastic to withstand hours of play.
Fantastic outdoor game to play with the whole family. Take it with you on a picnic in the park, to the beach or set up in the backyard this summer!
Set packs up into a convenient and small black carry case.
Have a Bocce ball this summer!


Jason Sudeikis to star in comedy heist?
Los Angeles - Jason Sudeikis is in talks to star in a new comedy heist film.
The Horrible Bosses funnyman could star alongside fellow comedians Kristen Wiig, Zach Galafianakis and Owen Wilson in the movie - which was previously titled Loomis Fargo - directed by Jared Hess, reports Deadline.
The screenplay, which was written by Emily Spivey, follows an armoured truck driver who is persuaded by a group of thieves to help them in their heist.
He reluctantly agrees, only to be double-crossed by his cohorts and finds himself on the run in Mexico.
The driver then plots revenge on the criminals, who are living lavishly after stealing $20m from a bank vault.
The film is being financed and distributed by Relativity Media and will be produced by Saturday Night Live executive producer Lorne Michaels, as well as John Goldwyn.
Comedian Danny McBride, Jody Hill, Michael Aguilar and Kevin Messick will serve as executive producers.
Sudeikis is coming off of the success of last year's hit comedy We're the Millers, which is rumoured to be getting a sequel.
He will be back on the big screen later this year in Horrible Bosses 2, the follow-up to the 2011 dark comedy which co-starred Jason Bateman and Charlie Day.


text:
Pożar Lublina – pożar, który wybuchł 2 czerwca 1719 od uderzenia pioruna w słomiany dach jednego z domów w dzielnicy żydowskiej, pod miejskimi murami. Pożoga ogarnęła większą część Lublina. W najbardziej dramatycznym momencie uliczkami miasta ruszyła procesja dominikanów z relikwią Drzewa Krzyża Świętego. . .

Obraz
"Pożar Lublina w 1719 roku" to panorama anonimowego malarza cechowego znajdująca się w kościele Dominikanów. Poddana gruntownej konserwacji w roku 1954, dzięki funduszom Ministerstwa Kultury i Sztuki. Przemalowany całkowicie w XIX wieku, mocno zniszczony, obraz oczyszczono i zdublowano na nowe płótno w Państwowej Pracowni Konserwacji Zabytków Malarstwa w Warszawie.

"Pożar" to widok nieustannie reprodukowany, wprowadzony do zbiorowej pamięci jako jedna ze swoistych ikon miasta, chociaż tylko raz został obszerniej i fachowo opisany (po konserwacji) we wspólnym artykule Marii Orthwein i Henryka Gawareckiego z roku 1954.

Obraz jest nietypowy i wielki również pod względem fizycznym: szerokość jego podstawy sięga 385 cm, wysokość w miejscu najwyższym — 325 cm, przy czym prostokąt części dolnej przechodzi górą w półkole. Malowidło wykonano zapewne w II ćwierci XVIII wieku.

Zobacz też
 Historia Lublina
 Pożary w Polsce

1719 w Europie
Historia Lublina (I Rzeczpospolita)
Lublin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In June 2017 RTÉ ran research around our new site design changes with Userneeds. The survey looked at many aspects of the site including trustworthiness, user experience and content.
This Userneeds research highlights how much RTÉ is a trusted media platform in terms of the content we provide.
"The only reason I do check the website is because its factual and trust worthy"
I normally visit the website if I have been notified of news from a separate source or media outlet. I almost use it to verify the facts"
"I love the RTÉ website, it reports factually".
"Your articles are factual, correct and well written".
"Well designed and good detailed articles and wide range of content. Seems to have improved remarkablt in recent times".
Overall your website is a staple of my online news reading. Thank you.


Casa Mosquito. Rio's first beachside boutique hotel, where vivacious Copacabana melts into chic Ipanema.
A place where design, luxury and personalized service blend with equitable tourism and a taste of a more authentic Rio.
A haven of tranquility in South America's most vibrant city.In a colonial-style mansion and an annex, this polished boutique hotel overlooks the neighborhood of Ipanema to the Atlantic Ocean. It's a 9-minute walk from General Osório metro station and a 12-minute walk from the iconic Copacabana Beach.
Chic, individually decorated rooms come with free Wi-Fi and flat-screen TVs, as well as either balconies or terraces. All offer city, ocean and/or mountain views; some add claw-foot tubs, living areas and/or minifridges. In-room massages and beauty treatments are available (fees may apply).
There's a courtyard and a terrace bar with sea views.


text:
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker and 46 Other Movies That Made $1 Billion
January 15, 2020 David GriffinUncategorized
Important note: Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is still climbing up the box office rankings, so its position could change over the coming days.
[poilib element="accentDivider"]
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker has crossed the $1 billion mark at the worldwide box office, making it the ninth film in 2019 to reach the milestone, alongside Avengers: Endgame, Joker, The Lion King, Captain Marvel, Frozen 2, Toy Story 4, Spider-Man: Far From Home, and Aladdin.
According to Box Office Mojo, Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is the 46th film to reach the billion dollar mark, not adjusted for inflation. In the slideshow below, you can see the 45 other movies that have already joined the box office billionaires club.
[widget path="global/article/imagegallery" parameters="albumSlug=46-movies-that-made-1-billion-at-the-box-office&captions=true"]
In our review, we said "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is an entertaining but deeply flawed final chapter that ultimately plays it too safe."
David Griffin still watches DuckTales in his pajamas with a cereal bowl in hand. He's also the TV Editor for IGN. Say hi on Twitter.
Source: IGN.com Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker and 46 Other Movies That Made Billion
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Crosses $1 Billion Worldwide
Tokyo Mirage Sessions #FE Review – Encore Impressions Update
DC's Legends of Tomorrow: Season 5 Premiere Review
Justice League Dark Movie and TV Projects Are in the Works
© SquadFill 2018


Natalie is our latest design in smooth Chic plus size. It is the design everyone has been asking for and it is finally here! Hooray for Natalie! The chic styling also has comfort and support you expect to lose, but with Natalie you get it all.
Eurolite underwire system, color matched metal sliders, double bar tack stitching, 100% European sewing components and fabrication, color match between fabrics, geniune Dupont Micro-fiber Tactel, higher grade lace, and fully adjustable straps. All Tatiana bras are made to better withstand washing.


This FAQ would clarify the queries related to subscribing to the starter plan after using the 30-day free trial.
As the 30-day free trial is on the basic plan, there will be a few changes to take note of when you subscribe to the starter plan thereafter.
The table below illustrates the differences in some features between the basic and starter plan.
Can I still keep and edit the multiple sliders from the free trial?
Yes, but once you remove the sliders, you would be unable to add new ones.
Can I edit existing Call-To-Action panels?
No, you would no longer be able to edit existing call-to-action panels as this feature is not available for the starter plan.
Will my existing custom codes still remain even when I downgrade?
No, they would no longer be kept in your marketplace.
Additional things to take note of?
Do note that when you click on advanced> custom codes, it would bring you back to the subscription page.


text:
LISTEN: Is The Weeknd's New EP, 'My Dear Melancholy,' About Selena Gomez?
Fans have been speculating all night!
Joe Hyer
© Ron Elkman, USA Today Network
The Weeknd dropped his new album My Dear Melancholy overnight, and many fans (us included) have been listening to the EP nonstop.
Naturally, some fans have spent the past few hours decoding the lyrics. A lot of the speculation so far is focused on the possibility that the album is largely about Selena Gomez. One thing is for sure after listening to today's release: the Weeknd had his heart broken.There's a lot of pain and frustration throughout the record.
His relationship with Selena Gomez began shortly after that in January 2017. Their relationship came to an end about 10 months later (in October 2017).
One of the lyrics in particular that is getting a lot of attention today is on the track, "Call Out My Name." Does the track reference Selena's kidney transplant? It just may.
"I almost cut a piece of myself for your life / Guess I was just another pitstop / Til' you made up your mind."
Selena, of course, underwent a kidney transplant last summer. Her donor was her friend Francia Raísa. So we're assuming the "cut a piece of myself for your life" references that experience.
Selena Gomez rekindled her romance with Justin Bieber shortly after breaking up with The Weeknd. The pair are not together right now, but fans speculate that lyrics in the track "Hurt You" could be directed at her reunion with Bieber.
"When you're with him, you close your eyes and think of me / Just call me up again/I'll make you weak," he sings.
His last album, Starboy, dropped in November 2016. It won the GRAMMY Award for Best Contemporary Album in 2017.
My Dear Melancholy


text:
Golden Arrows vs Kaizer Chiefs: By the numbers
Kaizer Chiefs can stretch their lead at the top of the PSL log, but their former boss, Steve Komphela, will be looking to spoil the party.
Steve Komphela will host his former side, Kazier Chiefs, at the very same ground where he last managed them. The Golden Arrows boss resigned after fan violence marred the 2018 Nedbank Cup semi-final at the Moses Mabhida Stadium. Amakhosi lost 2-0 to Free State Stars on that occasion.
Since then, though, Komphela's career has been through ebbs and flows. He helped Bloemfontein Celtic to a top eight finish last year and has steadied the Golden Arrows ship since taking over the reins.
Arrows drew 1-1 to Polokwane City in their last match, though, and will be looking to bounce back from that blip. Mohammed Anas equalised in the 70th minute after Knox Mutizwa opened the scoring in the eighth.
But Komphela's priorities are very different from his opposite number.
Kazier Chiefs look set to clinch the league title.
Last season was Amakhosi's first after the Komphela years. But they had a dismal run – worse than any season with him in charge.
But Ernst Middendorp has restored Amakhosi's pride this season.
Chiefs lead Mamelodi Sundowns by seven points and have a major opportunity to extend that while Masandawana focus on their CAF Champions League commitments.
On paper and in prose, this fixture is packed with subplots.
Below are some key statistics between the two teams for Chiefs home games and Highlands Park's away games.
Golden Arrows vs Kaizer Chiefs: Head-to-head this season
Useless Maybe Interesting


What DNS provider can I use?
If you are looking for geospecific DNS please see the OpenNIC Project DNS Servers we have included some above also.
You can set the DNS on the WiTopia client directly in the WiTopia Client.
Click Apply on the interface selection screen again.
You will see the icon meaning you need to enter your local computer admin password, or click ok to authorize the change.
Click the Networking tab. Under This connection uses the following items, click Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), and then click Properties.
Click Use the following DNS server addresses, and then, in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server boxes, type the addresses of the primary and secondary DNS servers.
Click Start -> Control Panel -> Network and Internet Connections.
Right-click Local Area Connection that you wish to change and then click Properties.
Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.
How do I change DNS in Linux?
Setting the DNS on most version of linux involves using the terminal (command line) and editing the /etc/resolv.conf file. Their may be a GUI option for your specific OS, please see the forums for your OS of choice for more details.
this will call the gnome editor. You can replace "gedit" with the editor of choice.
How do I change the DNS on iOS?
From the iPhone's home screen, tap Settings.
Tap Wi-Fi. The screen shown below appears. The available wireless networks in range of your iPhone appear, as shown below.
How to change DNS on Android?
To access settings either swipe down from top and click on the cog icon. The other option is to locate the settings option in your applications folder.
On some devices, you may need to check the box for "Advanced" to see further settings. To adjust your Android DNS settings, you will need to switch the IP settings from DHCP to Static. Once changed, the menu will appear with the DNS settings available to edit. Don't worry about the editing the IP address as the Android device will fill in the IP address it has acquired through DHCP.
STATIC IP addresses are not used over 3/4G Data networks. Please see below for the directions on how to set the DNS on a DHCP (99% of connections).
The DNS should now be set for this wifi network (only).


text:
Q: How to find prime numbers in an array of arrays I'm trying to create a function to return the prime numbers on the ages in a multidimensional array.
The problem is the function I created is returning only the first occurence and I want it to return all the occurences.
Here it is what I've done:
function findPrimes(){
    $people = [
        [
            'name'  => 'Joseph Richard',
            'age'   => 23,
            'city'  => 'Chicago',
            'level' => 'Senior',
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'John Doe',
            'age'   => 22,
            'city'  => 'New York',
            'level' => 'Pleno',
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'Tess',
            'age'   => 21,
            'city'  => 'San Diego',
            'level' => 'Junior',
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'Steph Morgan',
            'age'   => 20,
            'city'  => 'Miami',
            'level' => 'Junior',
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'Ken Junior Smith',
            'age'   => 23,
            'city'  => 'Los Angeles',
            'level' => 'Senior',
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'Walter Scott',
            'age'   => 24,
            'city'  => 'Seattle',
            'level' => 'TechLead'
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'Diego Maradona',
            'age'   => 25,
            'city'  => 'Austin',
            'level' => 'TechLead'
        ],
        [
            'name'  => 'Messi',
            'age'   => 26,
            'city'  => 'Portland',
            'level' => 'Pleno'
        ],
         [
            'name'  => 'Hardin Scott',
            'age'   => 19,
            'city'  => 'Houston',
            'level' => 'Senior'
        ],
    ];

    $age = array_column($people, 'age');

    foreach ($age as $key => $value) {
        $isPrime = true;
        for($i = 2; $i <= sqrt($value); $i++)
    {
        if($value % $i == 0)
        {
          $isPrime = false;
        }
    }
        if ($isPrime == true)
        {
            return "$value is prime number";
        }
        else {
            return "$value  is not prime number";
        }
}
}
echo findPrimes();

Output: 23
I need it to return all prime numbers in this array. Can anyone help me please?

A: Your function is executing a return in the first iteration of the foreach loop. And returning a string like "x is prime number" seems not to be what you want as result (as you say you want a list of primes).
So define an array $primes and populate it with those values that are primes, and return that array.
    // ... after the initialisation ...
    $age = array_column($people, 'age');
    $primes = [];
    foreach ($age as $key => $value) {
        $primes[] = $value; // first assume it is prime
        for($i = 2; $i <= sqrt($value); $i++) {
            if($value % $i == 0) {
                array_pop($primes); // ...then remove it if it's not
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return $primes;
}

print_r(findPrimes());

Note that since ages are expected to be in the range of 0 to 140, you can predefine a list of all primes less than 140 (with a sieve). Then all that remains is to check if an age is in that list...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
- Review by Dara McWade
The House with a Clock in its Walls feels like it belongs to a different era of filmmaking. Coming from Stephen Spielberg's production company Amblin, it comes complete with your traditional family-friendly Amblin sensibilities. A tale of magic and mystery, the film comes with enough low-key scares to thrill the children that it's so obviously aimed towards, and an engaging atmosphere that should hopefully keep parents involved. Not exactly a project you would associate with Eli Roth, a schlock horror director whose recent Death Wish represents a low in star Bruce Willis's late-stage career (and that's saying something). Very different to this film, which is, by contrast, a breath of fresh air. An imperfect, but enjoyable entry in the vein of children's adventure stories of days past.
The film stars Jack Black and Cate Blanchett; an unconventional pairing of stars that somehow click with screwball styled chemistry. They fire Howard Hawkian style banter at each other, with quip after insult after quip landing in a patter. The role of the friendly, mischievous magician seems tailor made to play to Black's mercurial energy. While his performing style can be a bit, well, "much", it's really leavened by Cate Blanchett's quieter, but no less engaging or intense, performance. Their magic-wielding characters band together to raise Benjamin's "black swan" nephew, who has been recently orphaned in the titular ticking house. Speaking of the house, and general production design, is beautiful, a fifties America that looks like The Shape of Water by way of Harry Potter.
Eric Kripke's (who some readers will recognise as the creator of the undying television show Supernatural) script leaves something to be desired, often relying on shorthand and leaving a lot of the joys of the first time magician unfulfilled. It's also just a little bit too long, which seems a minor complaint, but one that's worth mentioning as the middle is flabby.
Owen Vaccaro, who plays the young lad the story centres upon, is no fantastic find like Jacob Trembalay or Daniel Radcliffe, but nonetheless holds the film together. Many a children's film have been destroyed by a lead that just can't hold up a picture - and Vaccaro avoids the trap many fall into, in that he, well, isn't annoying. Eric Kripke's script provides him with enough wit and energy that he can function by himself. The structure feels quite limited as the film is operating in a very specific genre and mode, and it doesn't hold much subversion in it's core. Having said that, it does it's genre well. It's doesn't have the mythic power of a Harry Potter, but the kids will love it.


text:
Q: Puppeteer - Click div not working I'm able to login, but i need to click on a div that has no id and i cant figure out how to do it
This is html element. Onclick event (devtool properties) is on the div that has the route (class route-redirect-box)
How can i click this link to go to "listachamados" page?
Page html:

lista_chamado

lista_chamado

lista_chamado

My code:
const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

let scrape = async () => {
    const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: false });
    const page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.goto('https://notreal.br/', {waitUntil: 'load'});
    console.log(page.url());

    const SELETOR_USUARIO = '#usuario';
    const SELETOR_SENHA = '#senha';
    const usuario = 'username';
    const senha = 'password';

    await page.type(SELETOR_USUARIO, usuario);
    await page.type(SELETOR_SENHA, senha);
    //await page.waitForNavigation();

    console.log(page.url());
    await Promise.all([
        page.click('#login'),
        page.waitForNavigation({ waitUntil: 'networkidle0' })

        //page.click('.menu-lateral-item-contraido-container cor-tema-topo-fundo'),

    ]);

    await Permise.all([
      page.waitFor('load'),
      await page.evaluate(() => {
          let lista = document.getElementsByClassName('div.route-redirect-box')
          lista.click()
          //page.click(lista)
      })
    ]);

    //browser.close();
};

scrape().then((value) => {
    console.log(value);
});

A: You misspelled Permise.all. It should be Promise.all.
But you might not need to use Promise.all because you can just simply await the Puppeteer methods that you called.
Additionally, since the onclick event is attached to the .route-redirect-box element, you can use page.click() or page.evaluate() to click the element:
await page.click('.route-redirect-box');

await page.evaluate(() => {
  document.querySelector('.route-redirect-box').click();
});

Or, since you seem to know the URL of the page you are trying to redirect to, you could just use another page.goto() to navigate manually:
await page.goto('https://example.com/main/listachamado/');

Another alternative solution would be, if you know the function that is going to be executed onclick, you can just execute the function itself within page.evaluate():
await page.evaluate(() => {
  function_to_be_executed_onclick();
});


No time to read reviews and just want to know which are the 4 best high-performance prebuilt Gaming PC? This article is for you!
Interested in the Apple iMac 27″ but aren't sure which model is the right one for you? This article is here to help you.
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Extreme Gaming PCs: Featuring two video cards, high-quality dedicated sound card and so much more!


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Expert trade service team to assist CitiBusiness Counsellors.
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1. To know more, write to us at bizsuccess@citi.com or SMS BIZ to 52484.
2. To know more about our branch and ATM locations, click here.
Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. Disclaimer: Insurance products are obligations only of the Insurance company. They are not bank deposits or obligations of or guaranteed by Citibank, N.A, Citigroup, Inc or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries or any Governmental agency. All Claims under the policy will be solely decided upon by the Insurance Company. Citibank, Citigroup or any of their affiliates and group entities hold no warranty and do not make any representation about the insurance, the quality of claims processing and shall not be responsible for claims, recovery of claims, or for processing of or clearing of claims, in any manner whatsoever. For more details, terms and conditions please visit www.citibank.com/india.
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All Products and services are at the sole discretion of Citibank & subject to RBI/FEMA/SEBI/other regulatory guidelines issued from time to time. Terms & Conditions apply.
^^This is a select offering and will be provided at the sole discretion of Citibank. For more information about this product offering and locations please contact your Relationship Manager.
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Harman Patil (Editor)
I love reading books and watching sci fi flicks
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition. Cognitive scientists study intelligence and behavior, with a focus on how nervous systems represent, process, and transform information. Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include language, perception, memory, attention, reasoning, and emotion; to understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as linguistics, psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, neuroscience, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. The fundamental concept of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Levels of analysis
Interdisciplinary nature
Cognitive science the term
Knowledge and processing of language
Perception and action
Behavioral experiments
Computational modeling
Neurobiological methods
Notable researchers
The cognitive sciences began as an intellectual movement in the 1950s, called the cognitive revolution, arguably initiated by Noam Chomsky.
A central tenet of cognitive science is that a complete understanding of the mind/brain cannot be attained by studying only a single level. An example would be the problem of remembering a phone number and recalling it later. One approach to understanding this process would be to study behavior through direct observation, or naturalistic observation. A person could be presented with a phone number and be asked to recall it after some delay of time. Then, the accuracy of the response could be measured. Another approach to measure cognitive ability would be to study the firings of individual neurons while a person is trying to remember the phone number. Neither of these experiments on its own would fully explain how the process of remembering a phone number works. Even if the technology to map out every neuron in the brain in real-time were available, and it were known when each neuron was firing, it would still be impossible to know how a particular firing of neurons translates into the observed behavior. Thus, an understanding of how these two levels relate to each other is imperative. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience says, "the new sciences of the mind need to enlarge their horizon to encompass both lived human experience and the possibilities for transformation inherent in human experience." This can be provided by a functional level account of the process. Studying a particular phenomenon from multiple levels creates a better understanding of the processes that occur in the brain to give rise to a particular behavior. Marr gave a famous description of three levels of analysis:
the computational theory, specifying the goals of the computation;
representation and algorithms, giving a representation of the inputs and outputs and the algorithms which transform one into the other; and
the hardware implementation, how algorithm and representation may be physically realized.
(See also the entry on functionalism.)
Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field with contributors from various fields, including psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, philosophy of mind, computer science, anthropology, sociology, and biology. Cognitive scientists work collectively in hope of understanding the mind and its interactions with the surrounding world much like other sciences do. The field regards itself as compatible with the physical sciences and uses the scientific method as well as simulation or modeling, often comparing the output of models with aspects of human cognition. Similarly to the field of psychology, there is some doubt whether there is a unified cognitive science, which have led some researchers to prefer 'cognitive sciences' in plural.
Many, but not all, who consider themselves cognitive scientists hold a functionalist view of the mind—the view that mental states and processes should be explained by their function - what they do. According to the multiple realizability account of functionalism, even non-human systems such as robots and computers can be ascribed as having cognition.
Cognitive science: the term
The term "cognitive" in "cognitive science" is used for "any kind of mental operation or structure that can be studied in precise terms" (Lakoff and Johnson, 1999). This conceptualization is very broad, and should not be confused with how "cognitive" is used in some traditions of analytic philosophy, where "cognitive" has to do only with formal rules and truth conditional semantics.
The earliest entries for the word "cognitive" in the OED take it to mean roughly "pertaining to the action or process of knowing". The first entry, from 1586, shows the word was at one time used in the context of discussions of Platonic theories of knowledge. Most in cognitive science, however, presumably do not believe their field is the study of anything as certain as the knowledge sought by Plato.
Cognitive science is a large field, and covers a wide array of topics on cognition. However, it should be recognized that cognitive science has not always been equally concerned with every topic that might bear relevance to the nature and operation of minds. Among philosophers, classical cognitivists have largely de-emphasized or avoided social and cultural factors, emotion, consciousness, animal cognition, and comparative and evolutionary psychologies. However, with the decline of behaviorism, internal states such as affects and emotions, as well as awareness and covert attention became approachable again. For example, situated and embodied cognition theories take into account the current state of the environment as well as the role of the body in cognition. With the newfound emphasis on information processing, observable behavior was no longer the hallmark of psychological theory, but the modelling or recording of mental states.
Below are some of the main topics that cognitive science is concerned with. This is not an exhaustive list. See List of cognitive science topics for a list of various aspects of the field.
"... One major contribution of AI and cognitive science to psychology has been the information processing model of human thinking in which the metaphor of brain-as-computer is taken quite literally. ." AAAI Web pages.
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves the study of cognitive phenomena in machines. One of the practical goals of AI is to implement aspects of human intelligence in computers. Computers are also widely used as a tool with which to study cognitive phenomena. Computational modeling uses simulations to study how human intelligence may be structured. (See the section on computational modeling in the Research Methods section.)
There is some debate in the field as to whether the mind is best viewed as a huge array of small but individually feeble elements (i.e. neurons), or as a collection of higher-level structures such as symbols, schemes, plans, and rules. The former view uses connectionism to study the mind, whereas the latter emphasizes symbolic computations. One way to view the issue is whether it is possible to accurately simulate a human brain on a computer without accurately simulating the neurons that make up the human brain.
Attention is the selection of important information. The human mind is bombarded with millions of stimuli and it must have a way of deciding which of this information to process. Attention is sometimes seen as a spotlight, meaning one can only shine the light on a particular set of information. Experiments that support this metaphor include the dichotic listening task (Cherry, 1957) and studies of inattentional blindness (Mack and Rock, 1998). In the dichotic listening task, subjects are bombarded with two different messages, one in each ear, and told to focus on only one of the messages. At the end of the experiment, when asked about the content of the unattended message, subjects cannot report it.
The ability to learn and understand language is an extremely complex process. Language is acquired within the first few years of life, and all humans under normal circumstances are able to acquire language proficiently. A major driving force in the theoretical linguistic field is discovering the nature that language must have in the abstract in order to be learned in such a fashion. Some of the driving research questions in studying how the brain itself processes language include: (1) To what extent is linguistic knowledge innate or learned?, (2) Why is it more difficult for adults to acquire a second-language than it is for infants to acquire their first-language?, and (3) How are humans able to understand novel sentences?
The study of language processing ranges from the investigation of the sound patterns of speech to the meaning of words and whole sentences. Linguistics often divides language processing into orthography, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Many aspects of language can be studied from each of these components and from their interaction.
The study of language processing in cognitive science is closely tied to the field of linguistics. Linguistics was traditionally studied as a part of the humanities, including studies of history, art and literature. In the last fifty years or so, more and more researchers have studied knowledge and use of language as a cognitive phenomenon, the main problems being how knowledge of language can be acquired and used, and what precisely it consists of. Linguists have found that, while humans form sentences in ways apparently governed by very complex systems, they are remarkably unaware of the rules that govern their own speech. Thus linguists must resort to indirect methods to determine what those rules might be, if indeed rules as such exist. In any event, if speech is indeed governed by rules, they appear to be opaque to any conscious consideration.
Learning and development are the processes by which we acquire knowledge and information over time. Infants are born with little or no knowledge (depending on how knowledge is defined), yet they rapidly acquire the ability to use language, walk, and recognize people and objects. Research in learning and development aims to explain the mechanisms by which these processes might take place.
A major question in the study of cognitive development is the extent to which certain abilities are innate or learned. This is often framed in terms of the nature and nurture debate. The nativist view emphasizes that certain features are innate to an organism and are determined by its genetic endowment. The empiricist view, on the other hand, emphasizes that certain abilities are learned from the environment. Although clearly both genetic and environmental input is needed for a child to develop normally, considerable debate remains about how genetic information might guide cognitive development. In the area of language acquisition, for example, some (such as Steven Pinker) have argued that specific information containing universal grammatical rules must be contained in the genes, whereas others (such as Jeffrey Elman and colleagues in Rethinking Innateness) have argued that Pinker's claims are biologically unrealistic. They argue that genes determine the architecture of a learning system, but that specific "facts" about how grammar works can only be learned as a result of experience.
Memory allows us to store information for later retrieval. Memory is often thought of as consisting of both a long-term and short-term store. Long-term memory allows us to store information over prolonged periods (days, weeks, years). We do not yet know the practical limit of long-term memory capacity. Short-term memory allows us to store information over short time scales (seconds or minutes).
Memory is also often grouped into declarative and procedural forms. Declarative memory—grouped into subsets of semantic and episodic forms of memory—refers to our memory for facts and specific knowledge, specific meanings, and specific experiences (e.g. "Who was the first president of the U.S.A.?", or "What did I eat for breakfast four days ago?"). Procedural memory allows us to remember actions and motor sequences (e.g. how to ride a bicycle) and is often dubbed implicit knowledge or memory .
Cognitive scientists study memory just as psychologists do, but tend to focus in more on how memory bears on cognitive processes, and the interrelationship between cognition and memory. One example of this could be, what mental processes does a person go through to retrieve a long-lost memory? Or, what differentiates between the cognitive process of recognition (seeing hints of something before remembering it, or memory in context) and recall (retrieving a memory, as in "fill-in-the-blank")?
Perception is the ability to take in information via the senses, and process it in some way. Vision and hearing are two dominant senses that allow us to perceive the environment. Some questions in the study of visual perception, for example, include: (1) How are we able to recognize objects?, (2) Why do we perceive a continuous visual environment, even though we only see small bits of it at any one time? One tool for studying visual perception is by looking at how people process optical illusions. The image on the right of a Necker cube is an example of a bistable percept, that is, the cube can be interpreted as being oriented in two different directions.
The study of haptic (tactile), olfactory, and gustatory stimuli also fall into the domain of perception.
Action is taken to refer to the output of a system. In humans, this is accomplished through motor responses. Spatial planning and movement, speech production, and complex motor movements are all aspects of action.
Consciousness is the awareness whether something is an external object or something within oneself. This helps the mind having the ability to experience or to feel a sense of self.
Many different methodologies are used to study cognitive science. As the field is highly interdisciplinary, research often cuts across multiple areas of study, drawing on research methods from psychology, neuroscience, computer science and systems theory.
In order to have a description of what constitutes intelligent behavior, one must study behavior itself. This type of research is closely tied to that in cognitive psychology and psychophysics. By measuring behavioral responses to different stimuli, one can understand something about how those stimuli are processed. Lewandowski and Strohmetz (2009) review a collection of innovative uses of behavioral measurement in psychology including behavioral traces, behavioral observations, and behavioral choice. Behavioral traces are pieces of evidence that indicate behavior occurred, but the actor is not present (e.g., litter in a parking lot or readings on an electric meter). Behavioral observations involve the direct witnessing of the actor engaging in the behavior (e.g., watching how close a person sits next to another person). Behavioral choices are when a person selects between two or more options (e.g., voting behavior, choice of a punishment for another participant).
Reaction time. The time between the presentation of a stimulus and an appropriate response can indicate differences between two cognitive processes, and can indicate some things about their nature. For example, if in a search task the reaction times vary proportionally with the number of elements, then it is evident that this cognitive process of searching involves serial instead of parallel processing.
Psychophysical responses. Psychophysical experiments are an old psychological technique, which has been adopted by cognitive psychology. They typically involve making judgments of some physical property, e.g. the loudness of a sound. Correlation of subjective scales between individuals can show cognitive or sensory biases as compared to actual physical measurements. Some examples include:
sameness judgments for colors, tones, textures, etc.
threshold differences for colors, tones, textures, etc.
Eye tracking. This methodology is used to study a variety of cognitive processes, most notably visual perception and language processing. The fixation point of the eyes is linked to an individual's focus of attention. Thus, by monitoring eye movements, we can study what information is being processed at a given time. Eye tracking allows us to study cognitive processes on extremely short time scales. Eye movements reflect online decision making during a task, and they provide us with some insight into the ways in which those decisions may be processed.
Brain imaging involves analyzing activity within the brain while performing various tasks. This allows us to link behavior and brain function to help understand how information is processed. Different types of imaging techniques vary in their temporal (time-based) and spatial (location-based) resolution. Brain imaging is often used in cognitive neuroscience.
Single photon emission computed tomography and Positron emission tomography. SPECT and PET use radioactive isotopes, which are injected into the subject's bloodstream and taken up by the brain. By observing which areas of the brain take up the radioactive isotope, we can see which areas of the brain are more active than other areas. PET has similar spatial resolution to fMRI, but it has extremely poor temporal resolution.
Electroencephalography. EEG measures the electrical fields generated by large populations of neurons in the cortex by placing a series of electrodes on the scalp of the subject. This technique has an extremely high temporal resolution, but a relatively poor spatial resolution.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging. fMRI measures the relative amount of oxygenated blood flowing to different parts of the brain. More oxygenated blood in a particular region is assumed to correlate with an increase in neural activity in that part of the brain. This allows us to localize particular functions within different brain regions. fMRI has moderate spatial and temporal resolution.
Optical imaging. This technique uses infrared transmitters and receivers to measure the amount of light reflectance by blood near different areas of the brain. Since oxygenated and deoxygenated blood reflects light by different amounts, we can study which areas are more active (i.e., those that have more oxygenated blood). Optical imaging has moderate temporal resolution, but poor spatial resolution. It also has the advantage that it is extremely safe and can be used to study infants' brains.
Magnetoencephalography. MEG measures magnetic fields resulting from cortical activity. It is similar to EEG, except that it has improved spatial resolution since the magnetic fields it measures are not as blurred or attenuated by the scalp, meninges and so forth as the electrical activity measured in EEG is. MEG uses SQUID sensors to detect tiny magnetic fields.
Computational models require a mathematically and logically formal representation of a problem. Computer models are used in the simulation and experimental verification of different specific and general properties of intelligence. Computational modeling can help us understand the functional organization of a particular cognitive phenomenon. There are two basic approaches to cognitive modeling. The first is focused on abstract mental functions of an intelligent mind and operates using symbols, and the second, which follows the neural and associative properties of the human brain, is called subsymbolic.
Symbolic modeling evolved from the computer science paradigms using the technologies of Knowledge-based systems, as well as a philosophical perspective, see for example "Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence" (GOFAI). They are developed by the first cognitive researchers and later used in information engineering for expert systems . Since the early 1990s it was generalized in systemics for the investigation of functional human-like intelligence models, such as personoids, and, in parallel, developed as the SOAR environment. Recently, especially in the context of cognitive decision making, symbolic cognitive modeling is extended to socio-cognitive approach including social and organization cognition interrelated with a sub-symbolic not conscious layer.
Subsymbolic modeling includes Connectionist/neural network models. Connectionism relies on the idea that the mind/brain is composed of simple nodes and that the power of the system comes primarily from the existence and manner of connections between the simple nodes. Neural nets are textbook implementations of this approach. Some critics of this approach feel that while these models approach biological reality as a representation of how the system works, they lack explanatory powers because complicated systems of connections with even simple rules are extremely complex and often less interpretable than the system they model.
Other approaches gaining in popularity include the use of dynamical systems theory and also techniques putting symbolic models and connectionist models into correspondence (Neural-symbolic integration). Bayesian models, often drawn from machine learning, are also gaining popularity.
All the above approaches tend to be generalized to the form of integrated computational models of a synthetic/abstract intelligence, in order to be applied to the explanation and improvement of individual and social/organizational decision-making and reasoning.
Research methods borrowed directly from neuroscience and neuropsychology can also help us to understand aspects of intelligence. These methods allow us to understand how intelligent behavior is implemented in a physical system.
Single-unit recording
Direct brain stimulation
Postmortem studies
Cognitive science has given rise to models of human cognitive bias and risk perception, and has been influential in the development of behavioral finance, part of economics. It has also given rise to a new theory of the philosophy of mathematics, and many theories of artificial intelligence, persuasion and coercion. It has made its presence known in the philosophy of language and epistemology - a modern revival of rationalism - as well as constituting a substantial wing of modern linguistics. Fields of cognitive science have been influential in understanding the brain's particular functional systems (and functional deficits) ranging from speech production to auditory processing and visual perception. It has made progress in understanding how damage to particular areas of the brain affect cognition, and it has helped to uncover the root causes and results of specific dysfunction, such as dyslexia, anopia, and hemispatial neglect.
The cognitive sciences began as an intellectual movement in the 1950s, called the cognitive revolution. Cognitive science has a prehistory traceable back to ancient Greek philosophical texts (see Plato's Meno and Aristotle's De Anima); and includes writers such as Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Benedict de Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche, Pierre Cabanis, Leibniz and John Locke. However, although these early writers contributed greatly to the philosophical discovery of mind and this would ultimately lead to the development of psychology, they were working with an entirely different set of tools and core concepts than those of the cognitive scientist.
The modern culture of cognitive science can be traced back to the early cyberneticists in the 1930s and 1940s, such as Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts, who sought to understand the organizing principles of the mind. McCulloch and Pitts developed the first variants of what are now known as artificial neural networks, models of computation inspired by the structure of biological neural networks.
Another precursor was the early development of the theory of computation and the digital computer in the 1940s and 1950s. Alan Turing and John von Neumann were instrumental in these developments. The modern computer, or Von Neumann machine, would play a central role in cognitive science, both as a metaphor for the mind, and as a tool for investigation.
The first instance of cognitive science experiments being done at an academic institution took place at MIT Sloan School of Management, established by J.C.R. Licklider working within the social psychology department and conducting experiments using computer memory as models for human cognition.
In 1959, Noam Chomsky published a scathing review of B. F. Skinner's book Verbal Behavior. At the time, Skinner's behaviorist paradigm dominated psychology. Most psychologists focused on functional relations between stimulus and response, without positing internal representations. Chomsky argued that in order to explain language, we needed a theory like generative grammar, which not only attributed internal representations but characterized their underlying order.
The term cognitive science was coined by Christopher Longuet-Higgins in his 1973 commentary on the Lighthill report, which concerned the then-current state of Artificial Intelligence research. In the same decade, the journal Cognitive Science and the Cognitive Science Society were founded. The founding meeting of the Cognitive Science Society was held at the University of California, San Diego in 1979, which resulted in cognitive science becoming an internationally visible enterprise. In 1982, Vassar College became the first institution in the world to grant an undergraduate degree in Cognitive Science. In 1986, the first Cognitive Science Department in the world was founded at the University of California, San Diego.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, much cognitive science research focused on the possibility of artificial intelligence. Researchers such as Marvin Minsky would write computer programs in languages such as LISP to attempt to formally characterize the steps that human beings went through, for instance, in making decisions and solving problems, in the hope of better understanding human thought, and also in the hope of creating artificial minds. This approach is known as "symbolic AI".
Eventually the limits of the symbolic AI research program became apparent. For instance, it seemed to be unrealistic to comprehensively list human knowledge in a form usable by a symbolic computer program. The late 80s and 90s saw the rise of neural networks and connectionism as a research paradigm. Under this point of view, often attributed to James McClelland and David Rumelhart, the mind could be characterized as a set of complex associations, represented as a layered network. Critics argue that there are some phenomena which are better captured by symbolic models, and that connectionist models are often so complex as to have little explanatory power. Recently symbolic and connectionist models have been combined, making it possible to take advantage of both forms of explanation.
Some of the more recognized names in cognitive science are usually either the most controversial or the most cited. Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism.
David Chalmers who advocates Dualism, also known for articulating the hard problem of consciousness, Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought. In the realm of linguistics, Noam Chomsky and George Lakoff have been influential (both have also become notable as political commentators). In artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, Herbert A. Simon, Allen Newell, and Kevin Warwick are prominent.
Popular names in the discipline of psychology include George A. Miller, James McClelland, Philip Johnson-Laird, John O'Keefe, and Steven Pinker. Anthropologists Dan Sperber, Edwin Hutchins, Scott Atran, Pascal Boyer, Michael Posner, and Joseph Henrich have been involved in collaborative projects with cognitive and social psychologists, political scientists and evolutionary biologists in attempts to develop general theories of culture formation, religion, and political association.
Cognitive science Wikipedia
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La Chapelle-Anthenaise  es una población y comuna francesa, en la región de Países del Loira, departamento de Mayenne, en el distrito de Laval y cantón de Argentré.

Demografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 INSEE
 Elecciones municipales de 2008

Chapelle Anthenaise