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DO-IT Prof: A Project to Help Postsecondary Educators Work Successfully with Students Who Have Disabilities
DO-IT-Prof.pdf
This publication describes promising practices and resources funded through the DO-IT Prof project. It is expected that, ultimately, such efforts will result in greater postsecondary educational opportunities for individuals with disabilities and enhanced postsecondary classes with the perspectives of people with disabilities. Others are encouraged to replicate its successful practices.
The DO-IT Center at the University of Washington has, since 1992, worked to increase the success of individuals with disabilities in postsecondary education and employment. DO-IT, which stands for Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology, has been recognized for its efforts through several awards including the 1995 National Information Infrastructure Award in Education; the 1997 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Mentoring; the 1999 Golden Apple Award for excellence in education; the 2001 AHEAD Recognition Award for outstanding work for students with disabilities; and the 2007 Innovation Award for Career Opportunities for Students with Disabilities.
The DO-IT Prof project applied lessons learned by DO-IT and other researchers and practitioners nationwide to implement a comprehensive professional development program for college faculty and administrators. It was initially funded by the U.S. Department of Education (Grant #P33A990042, 1999-2003). Prof was selected as part of the project name to represent two project characteristics—"professional," the quality of project materials and strategies, and "professor" its primary target audience.
DO-IT Prof was designed to improve the knowledge and skills of postsecondary faculty and administrators in order to make them better prepared to fully include students with disabilities in academic programs on their campuses. Responding to the diverse content and scheduling needs of faculty and administrators, the DO-IT Prof team has created and continues to deliver six models of professional development.
Model 1: A 20-30 minute presentation to introduce participants to basic legal issues, accommodation strategies, and resources specific to their campuses.
Model 2: A 1-2 hour presentation with special focus on providing accommodations to students with a variety of disabilities.
Model 3: A tailored workshop for more in-depth training on topics selected for a specific audience.
Model 4: A televised instruction option using a series of video to deliver on public television.
Model 5: A distance learning "anytime-anywhere" course that provides lessons and discussion delivered via email and is available at www.uw.edu/doit/Faculty/Presentations/Distance/ .
Model 6: Self-paced, web-based instruction in The Faculty Room at www.uw.edu/doit/Faculty/.
The DO-IT Prof team included faculty, disabled student services staff, and administrators at institutions of higher education in twenty-three states. The nationwide recruitment process was highly competitive, attracting more than one hundred applications. DO-IT's Academic Advisory Board selected applicants that had the potential to contribute to project efforts and to create a team with diverse characteristics.
Project partners included representatives from AHEAD (Association on Higher Education and Disability), the National Center for the Study of Postsecondary Educational Supports, the HEATH Resource Center, and WAPED (Washington Association on Postsecondary Education and Disability).
Project team members chose institutional partners in their states. If a team member was from a four-year institution, the partner school was a community or technical college; if the team member is from a community or technical college, the partner school was a four-year school.
Project team members participated in three-day collaborative meetings in Seattle in 2000 and 2001. Before the first meeting, team members conducted focus groups with students who have disabilities, teaching assistants, and faculty members. At the working meetings, team members discussed faculty and administrator support issues and strategies. They developed professional development materials, data collection plans, and timelines for their home institutions.
All team member and partner campuses delivered professional development programs, disseminating materials, providing technical assistance to faculty and administrators, and institutionalizing successful strategies in their schools. Some continued these efforts as part of subsequent projects, DO-IT Admin (www.uw.edu/doit/Brochures/Academics/admin.html) and AccesscollegeAccessCollege (www.uw.edu/doit/Brochures/Academics/access_college.html), also funded by the U.S. Department of Education (Grant #P333A020044 and Grant #P333A050064, respectively).
Completion of this project made faculty and administrators better prepared to fully include students with disabilities on their campuses and contribute to systemic change within postsecondary institutions across the nation. The DO-IT Center continues to maintain The Faculty Room and other resources created during the DO-IT Prof funding period.
The Faculty Room
Campuses nationwide are encouraged to link to The Faculty Room at www.uw.edu/doit/Faculty/ and refer faculty and academic administrators there to learn how to accommodate students with disabilities in their on-campus and distance learning courses, field experiences, and international studies programs. Useful training videos and materials can also be purchased from the DO-IT Center; request the DO-IT Videos, Books, and Training Materials publication for more information. All project materials, including online resources, videos, and printed materials, are offered in formats that are readily accessible by individuals with disabilities. Permission to copy and further distribute project products is granted for noncommercial, educational purposes.
DO-IT Prof Team
Sheryl Burgstahler, Ph.D., directs DO-IT Prof activities. Members of the original DO-IT Prof team and their partner institutions were:
Members of the project team and their partner institutions were:
Carol Achziger
Computer Access Center Coordinator
Arapahoe Community College
Partner: University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado
Victoria Amey-Flippin
Coordinator/HELP Office
Partner: Oakton College, Des Plaines, Illinois
Alice Anderson
Coordinator, Technology Access Program, Division of Information Technology (DoIT)
Partner: Madison Area Technical University, Madison, Wisconsin
Patricia Bunge
Learning Disabilities Specialist/Counselor
Guilford Technical Community College
Jamestown, North Carolina
Partner: North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina
Deborah Casey-Powell
Partner: Santa Fe Community College, Gainesville, Florida
Rosemary Coffman, Ph.D., C.R.C.
Counselor, Students with Disabilities
Lee College
Partner: Rice University, Houston, Texas
Jill Douglass
Special Services Director
Santa Fe Community College
Partner: College of Santa Fe Santa Fe, New Mexico
Mary Ann Ferkis
Instructional Accommodations Specialist, Adaptive Programs
Partner: Ivy Tech State College, Bloomington, Indiana
Pam Griffin
Coordinator, General Disability Services
Partner: Fond Du Lac Tribal and Community College, Cloquet, Minnesota
Beverly Boone Harris
Coordinator, Supporting Students through Disability Services (SSDS)
Partner: New River Community College, Dublin, Virginia
Nancy Hart
Manager, Disability Services
Partner: Western Oregon University, Monmouth, Oregon
Elaine High, Learning Disabilities Specialist
Resource Center for Persons with Disabilities
Partner: North Central Michigan College, Petoskey, Michigan
Alison McCarthy Ionvanna
Coordinator of Disability Services
Tunxis Community College
Partner: Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut
Assistant Director, Disability Resources for Students
Tempe, Arizona
Partner: South Mountain Community College, Phoenix, Arizona
Jana Long, M.R.C., C.R.C.
Coordinator of Disability Support Services
Southwest Missouri State University
Partner: St. Louis Community College, St. Louis, Missouri
Ralph McFarland
Director, Student Disability Resource Center
Humboldt State
Arcata, California
Partner: College of the Redwoods, Eureka, California
Richard Radtke, Ph.D.
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Partner: Leeward Community College, Pearl City, Hawaii
Lisa Badia Rhine
Director, Office for Students with Disabilities
Partner: Sinclair Community College, Dayton, Ohio
Patricia Richter
Coordinator, Services for Americans with Disabilities
Office of Human Diversity
Kutztown University of Pennsylvania
Partner: Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Vicki Roth
Partner: Finger Lakes Community College,
Canadaigua, New York
Al Souma
Director, Disability Support Services
Partner: Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington
Chrystal Stanley
Coordinator, Student Disability Services
Partner: Des Moines Area Community College, Ankeny, Iowa
Marcia Wiedefeld
Loyola College in Maryland
Partner: Community College of Baltimore County, Dundalk, Maryland
Model Demonstration Projects
DO-IT Prof was one of twenty-two Model Demonstration Projects to Ensure Students with Disabilities Receive a Quality Higher Education. Funded by the Office of Postsecondary Education of the U.S. Department of Education, 1999-2003 their purpose is to develop innovative, effective, and efficient teaching methods to enhance the skills and abilities of postsecondary faculty and administrators in working with students who have disabilities. Links to all of the projects can be found at www.ed.gov/programs/disabilities/awards.html.
About DO-IT
DO-IT (Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology) serves to increase the successful participation of individuals with disabilities in challenging academic programs such as those in science, engineering, mathematics, and technology. Primary funding for DO-IT is provided by the National Science Foundation, the State of Washington, and the U.S. Department of Education. DO-IT is a collaboration of UW Information Technology and the Colleges of Engineering and Education at the University of Washington.
Grants and gifts fund DO-IT publications, videos, and programs to support the academic and career success of people with disabilities. Contribute today by sending a check to DO-IT, Box 354842, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-4842.
Your gift is tax deductible as specified in IRS regulations. Pursuant to RCW 19.09, the University of Washington is registered as a charitable organization with the Secretary of State, state of Washington. For more information call the Office of the Secretary of State, 1-800-322-4483.
To order free publications or newsletters use the DO-IT Publications Order Form; to order videos and training materials use the Videos, Books and Comprehensive Training Materials Order Form.
For further information, to be placed on the DO-IT mailing list, request materials in an alternate format, or to make comments or suggestions about DO-IT publications or web pages contact:
doit@uw.edu
www.uw.edu/doit/
206-685-DOIT (3648) (voice/TTY)
509-328-9331 (voice/TTY) Spokane
Founder and Director: Sheryl Burgstahler, Ph.D.
DO-IT Funding and Partners
The contents of this publication were developed under a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, #P33A990042. However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government.
Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2008, 2006, 2002, 2000, University of Washington. Permission is granted to copy these materials for educational, noncommercial purposes provided the source is acknowledged.


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RNLI and GAA to work together to prevent drowning
'Sporting communities can play a major role in preventing deaths from drowning'
The RNLI (the charity that saves lives at sea) and the GAA have today (Wednesday 8 March 2017) announced a major partnership aimed at reducing the number of people who lose their lives though drowning in Ireland. Each year an average of 28 people drown accidentally around the Irish coast.*
The RNLI aims to halve coastal drowning by 2024 and the GAA will work with the charity to engage with clubs and communities, particularly on the coast, to provide information and support that could save lives.
The RNLI's drowning prevention campaign 'Respect the Water', will be supported through the GAA's Healthy Clubs initiative and the wider club network. Many GAA clubs are based in coastal communities with 333 of them in a 10km radius of the 46 RNLI lifeboat stations in Ireland. Their location makes them ideally placed for sharing information and raising awareness of the causes of drowning and how to prevent it.
In announcing the partnership, the President of the GAA, Aogán Ó Fearghaíl says, 'In the RNLI the GAA sees an organisation that mirrors its core values of community activity and volunteerism. We welcome the 'Respect the Water' campaign and its efforts to keep people safe all year round.'
Joining the President at the launch is RNLI Chief Executive, Paul Boissier, who added, 'Drowning devastates communities, but it's often accepted as just part of life by the water. We believe that many of these deaths are preventable and we need to work with other organisations who, like us, want to keep their communities safe. Much like a lifeboat station, a GAA club is at the heart of community life. Sporting communities can play a major role in preventing deaths by drowning. Through their approach to the sport and their position in the community they are well placed to be lifesavers.'
Through the partnership the RNLI invited the GAA to their training college in Poole and to Portsmouth University, to meet cold water shock expert Professor Mike Tipton. Four GAA athletes; Jackie Tyrell from Kilkenny, Lyndsey Davey from Dublin, Neil McManus from Antrim and Lee Chin from Wexford experienced what it was like to be plunged into cold water and see the effects of it on the body. The athletes, along with representatives of four coastal 'GAA Healthy Clubs' (Bray Emmets, Wicklow; St. Peter's, Down; Achill, Mayo, and Castlehaven, Cork), also took part in rescue scenarios in specially created challenging weather and sea conditions.
Dublin footballer and three times GAA All-Star, Lyndsey Davey, has a very personal reason for getting involved in the campaign. Her great uncle Michael Hayes was the skipper on the Tit Bonhomme, which sank off Glandore Harbour with the loss of five of the six crew, including Michael. Lyndsey says, 'The loss of Michael and his crew was a very difficult time for all the families involved. During the days and weeks following the sinking, the whole community of Union Hall really came together. The search and rescue efforts were relentless and the support given was incredible. I got involved in this campaign as I wanted to give something back and help create awareness around water safety and drowning. In doing so I hope we can prevent any family the pain of losing a loved one through drowning.'
All-Ireland winning Kilkenny hurler Jackie Tyrrell said, 'Like many people in Ireland I too have lost someone close to me to drowning. So many of our clubs live and train near the water, whether on the coast on near inland rivers and lakes. We have a responsibility to help and our sport and our ethos encourage this. I know our supporters get behind us in our games, now we are asking them to get behind this campaign; it could help save a life.'
Antrim Champion Hurler and Cushendall native, Neil McManus, has been at the fore in driving the partnership and added, 'The stories of loss through drowning that we've heard from the RNLI really hit home. You can't help but think of the grief of the families. I play hurling across the road from the local lifeboat station and I know not everyone can be rescued. In backing this campaign I hope that the message reaches as many people as possible because no family should have to suffer the pain of losing a loved one through drowning.'
Wexford Hurler Lee Chin has also put his full support behind the campaign. Lee says, 'Visiting the RNLI College and taking part in the exercises and rescue scenarios has made me aware how quickly people can get into trouble in the water. Simple advice and information can save lives and reduce the numbers of people drowning in Ireland.'
The athletes and Healthy Clubs representatives were joined at the launch by Kerry footballer Killian Young and Cork footballer Brian Hurley. Both athletes live near the RNLI lifeboat stations, Union Hall and Valentia and are backing the Respect the Water campaign.
Legendary broadcaster Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh, who was Master of Ceremonies for the launch, has also narrated a specially commissioned short film for the partnership, which was given its first screening at the event.
The RNLI will work with the GAA and their volunteers in local communities to promote the campaign and share key safety messages and advice.
Notes for Editor
Photos will be available from the launch through Sportsfile
* This figure includes the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and was collated by Irish Water Safety. The average number of drownings annually in Irish waters (including inland) over the last ten years is 133.
The Respect the Water campaign will be rolled out on the 25 May 2017 and will run throughout the summer.
The RNLI and GAA launch video are available to watch and download in English and Irish on the https://youtu.be/YIc5j1uZP3g https://youtu.be/5ql95qkuVII
RNLI / GAA media contacts
For more information please contact Niamh Stephenson RNLI Public Relations Manager Tel: 087 1254 124 / 01 8900 460 email Niamh_Stephenson@rnli.org or Nuala McAloon RNLI Press Officer Tel: 087 6483547 email: Nuala_McAloon@rnli.org
GAA Press Office
Tel: 00 353 1 865 8600 or email: communications@gaa.ie
For more information on GAA Healthy Clubs involvement in the partnership contact Colin Regan, GAA Community & Health manager on Tel: 00353-87-2945705 or email: colin.regan@gaa.ie
RNLI/Niamh Stephenson

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FastDoubleParser

Provides static method for parsing a double from a
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Package com.fasterxml.jackson.core.io.doubleparser Description

Provides parsers that parse a FloatingPointLiteral from a
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Women, especially those older than age 60, are more likely to have hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism upsets the normal balance of chemical reactions in your body.
Hypothyroidism seldom causes symptoms in the early stages, but, over time, untreated hypothyroidism can cause a number of health problems, such as obesity, joint pain, infertility and heart disease.
The severity of hypothalamus could be subclinical where patients remain asymptomatic or full blown clinical where patients show different laboratory abnormalities.
Other notable causes of hypothyroidism include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, treatment for hyperthyroidism, infiltrative thyroid diseases, surgical thyroidectomy, and certain iodine-rich drugs.
Individuals with untreated or undiagnosed hypothyroidism usually develop a severe form of the disease known as Myxedema coma after long exposure to an external stress.
Iodine is a fundamental constituent of the thyroid hormone that can only be obtained through the diet.
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
Slowed thinking and mental activity.
Babies with hypothyroidism may have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they can include:.
The disease generally manifests as a slackening physical and mental ability in individuals although in some patients, the disease may be asymptomatic.
Clinical manifestations of this condition are qualified by slowing of the patient's body functions.
In later stages of the condition, pericardial effusion occurs, a condition where fluid accumulates around the patient's heart.
Hypothyroidism leads to growth retardation and intellectual disability in young children.
The common physical symptoms include swelling especially in joints, weight gain, pallor, straw-like hair, weight gain, periorbital puffiness, macroglossia, and dry skin.
Advanced conditions of the disease such as myxedema may be life threatening; signs include reduced blood pressure, reduced body temperature, and unresponsiveness.
Newborns suffer from frequent choking, enlarged and protruding tongue, and jaundice.
Children with hypothyroidism may also experience puffy faces.
In infants, hypothyroidism may lead to growth retardation which may culminate in dwarfism.
Thyroid surgery. Surgery to remove the thyroid will lead to hypothyroidism. If only part of the thyroid is removed, the remaining gland may still be able to produce enough hormone for the body's needs.
Autoimmune Diseases. These diseases cause the production of antibodies that attack your thyroid gland. Autoimmune thyroiditis, which can appear suddenly or develop over several years, is more common in women. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and atrophic thyroiditis are the most common types.
Infiltration. Diseases like amyloidosis can cause the thyroid to become overwhelmed by abnormal proteins where the cells cannot function normally.
Viral or Autoimmune Thyroiditis. When antibodies or viruses attack your thyroid, thyroid hormones can leak out. Sometimes all of the thyroid's hormones are released into your blood at one time. When this happens, symptoms of thyroid excess or hyperthyroidism occur.
Secondary hypothyroidism occurs when another problem interferes with the thyroid's ability to produce hormones. For example, the pituitary gland and hypothalamus produce hormones that trigger the release of thyroid hormone. A problem with one of these glands can make your thyroid underactive.
Hypothyroidism disease occurs due to the inability or failure of the thyroid gland to produce or secrete sufficient hormones.
When the body's immune system develops antibodies which attack an individual's own tissues, the thyroid's hormone production ability is affected. This occurs when triggered by some bacterium or virus or due to an individual's genetic flaw.
If an individual suffers from hyperthyroidism, a condition that results in production of too much thyroid hormone, he or she is subjected to anti-thyroid medications or treated using radioactive iodine. Such treatments may lead to permanent hypothyroidism.
When an individual undergoes thyroid surgery, where a large portion of his thyroid gland is removed, his hormone production may diminish or halt for life. In such a case, the patient has to be treated with thyroid hormone for the rest of his life.
Radiation therapy often administered to treat neck and head cancers can affect the general functioning of the thyroid gland and consequently result in hypothyroidism.
Some medications such as lithium, often used to treat psychiatric disorders may also cause hypothyroidism.
Iodine is essential in production of the thyroid hormones and its deficiency can result in hypothyroidism; However, it is also important to note that too much of iodine can also lead to hypothyroidism.
To some extent, failure of the pituitary gland to produce sufficient amounts of thyroid-stimulating hormone could also lead to this disease.
During and after pregnancy, some women tend to develop antibodies against their own thyroid gland, a condition which may lead to postpartum hypothyroidism.
A number of obstetric complications are witnessed during pregnancy; these include anaemia, postpartum haemorrhage, cardiac ventricular dysfunction, increased risk of abortion, low birth weight, and foetal mortality.
Diagnosis of the hypothyroidism disease relies on the measurement of the TSH levels and thyroxine (thyroid hormone) levels which is done through blood tests.
A high level of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a low level of thyroxine is an indication of an underactive thyroid. This is because the pituitary gland secretes more thyroid-stimulating hormone to trigger the thyroid gland to increase production of thyroid hormone.
With the Sensitive TSH test, doctors are able to diagnose and detect thyroid disorders at an earlier point in time, way before the patient experiences symptoms of the condition.
Doctors first perform a TSH check on the patient before carrying out a thyroid hormone test if necessary.
One other advantage of the TSH test is that it helps your doctor to determine the accurate dosage of medication.
With the TSH tests, doctors can also diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism as well as its symptoms.
Normal limits of TSH should be between 0.4 and 4.0 mU/l. TSH levels above the normal limits indicate mild hypothyroidism, which is likely to progress toward hypothyroidism with increase in the number of antibodies.
Your doctor may also inspect your thyroid gland for any enlargement if any. He may also look out for characteristic signs such as slow heart rate, thinning hair, ankle reflexes, or for dry skin.
Blood tests for levels of a patient's cholesterol may also be performed.
Individuals with hypothyroidism are treated with thyroxin with the objective of raising serum thyroxine concentration and lowering serum thyrotropin concentration. This helps to normalize thyrotropin and serum thyroxine concentrations and at the same time recversing the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
Closer attention and check-up is advised for pregnant women and women with more than 60 years of age.
Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and with a history of neck irradiation also require close attention.
In case of any signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism such as intolerance to cold, you are advised to seek immediate medical attention.
Although levothyroxine medication is a lifelong medication, your doctor may still find it appropriate to check your TSH levels every year to determine proper dosage.
With this medication, it takes 3 to 5 days for a patient to report clinical benefits.
It is also important to note that excessive levothyroxine medication may result in increased appetite, insomnia, heart palpitations, and shakiness.
For patients with a history of severe hypothyroidism or coronary artery disease, smaller dosages are recommended but your doctor may gradually increase the dosage over time.
Patients on levothyroxine medication are advised against skipping doses.
The oral medication lowers the blood cholesterol levels and helps fight fatigue levels.
In most cases, symptoms of hypothyroidism start to improve within the first week after you start treatment. All symptoms usually disappear within a few months.
Infants and children with hypothyroidism should always be treated. Older adults and people who are in poor health may take longer to respond to the medicine.
If you take too little medicine, you may have symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as constipation, feeling cold or sluggish, and gaining weight.
Too much medicine can cause nervousness, problems sleeping, and shaking (tremors).
If you have heart disease, too much medicine can cause irregular heartbeats and chest pain. People who also have heart disease often start on a low dose of levothyroxine, which is increased gradually.
If you have severe hypothyroidism by the time you are diagnosed, you will need immediate treatment. Severe, untreated hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma, a rare, life-threatening condition.
Treatment during pregnancy is especially important, because hypothyroidism can harm the developing fetus.
If you develop hypothyroidism after pregnancy (postpartum hypothyroidism), you also may need treatment. You will be retested for hypothyroidism if you become pregnant again. In some cases hypothyroidism will go away on its own. In other cases it is permanent and requires lifelong treatment.
Alternative medicine to the synthetic thyroxine includes natural extracts rich in thyroid hormone. Such extracts can be obtained from pigs' thyroid glands. Such extracts contain triiodothyronine in addition to the thyroxine.
Patients suffering from hypothyroidism rarely undergo surgery; surgery is only performed in cases of hyperthyroidism and large goitres which interfere with tracheoesophageal function.
Patients with myxedema, a severe condition of hypothyroidism, require hospitalization and aggressive management.
After TSH normalization, patients should be monitored for symptoms of overtreatment which include headaches, tiredness, nervousness, possible angina, sleeplessness, palpitations, and Tachycardia.
If you have had radiation therapy and have hypothyroidism, or if your thyroid gland has been removed, you will most likely need treatment from now on. If your hypothyroidism is caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, you might also need treatment from now on. Sometimes, thyroid gland function returns on its own in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
If a serious illness or infection triggered your hypothyroidism, your thyroid function most likely will return to normal when you recover.
Some medicines may cause hypothyroidism. Your thyroid function may return to normal when you stop the medicines.
If you have mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism, you may not need treatment but should be watched for signs of hypothyroidism getting worse. You and your doctor will talk about the pros and cons of taking medicine to treat your mild hypothyroidism. The dose of thyroid medicine must be watched carefully in people who also have heart disease, because too much medicine increases the risk of chest pain (angina) and irregular heartbeats (atrial fibrillation).
Most people treated with thyroid hormone develop symptoms again if their medicine is stopped. If this occurs, medicine needs to be restarted.
If a serious illness or infection triggers your hypothyroidism, your thyroid function most likely will return to normal when you recover.
Some health food stores in the United States sell "natural" forms of thyroid hormone. The quality and effectiveness of these natural agents are unregulated. Some may not work at all. Others may have an active ingredient that does work but that may be dangerous to certain people.
Most cases of hypothyroidism in the United States are caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which cannot be prevented.
Although you can't prevent hypothyroidism, you can watch for signs of the disease so it can be treated promptly. Some people who are at high risk for having hypothyroidism but do not have symptoms can be tested to see whether they have mild, or subclinical, hypothyroidism.
The American Thyroid Association recommends that all adults be tested beginning at age 35 and continuing every 5 years. Older adults, especially women older than 60, those with a family history of hypothyroidism, and those who have Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, or type 1 diabetes should also be tested, according to these recommendations.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force makes no recommendation for or against thyroid screening for people who do not have symptoms of hypothyroidism. The USPSTF states there is not enough evidence to support screening.
Another panel of experts from several medical specialties recommends against widespread screening. But these health professionals say that if you are high risk, you may want to be screened. Those at high risk include women older than age 60 and people who have type 1 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases. Talk to your doctor about whether you should be screened.
To make thyroid hormone, thyroid requires tiny amounts of iodine; unfortunately, most foods today contain iodine which makes it practically difficult to prevent hypothyroidism since ingestion of large amounts of iodine worsens the condition.
Testing for the hypothyroidism disease at the age of 35 years and repeating the tests after every 5 years helps discover the signs of the disease at an earlier point in time allowing for prompt treatment.
Women with more than 60 years of age and individuals with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis, Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, or pernicious anaemia should also be tested after every 5 years.
Prevention of the disease is therefore limited to early diagnosis and prompt treatment and screening is important.
Hypothyroidism refers to the underactive production of the thyroid hormone.
Treatment of hypothyroidism involves a thyroid hormone replacement therapy while diagnosis involves blood testing.
It is important to note that 50 percent of hypothyroidism cases occur as a result of autoimmune aetiology while the remaining 50 percent is attributed to drugs and other causes.
The prevalence of the hypothyroidism disease varies from 4.6 percent to 9.5 percent of the United States population, an equivalent of 14 to 30 million people as at July 2012.
About 40 percent of the people on thyroid medication have recorded abnormal TSH readings as per the Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study.
According to the NHANES III study, females are more likely to suffer from Hyperthyroidism than their male counterparts.
The Studies have also confirmed that the prevalence levels of hypothyroidism grow with increasing age.
In the United States alone, 1 out of every 4000 babies is born with hypothyroidism.
Studies have also confirmed that older adults (older than 60 years) are more likely to suffer from hypothyroidism compared to children, teens, or young adults.
Some studies have also shown that 3 to 5 of every 1,000 pregnancies suffers from Hypothyroidism.
Women have a likelihood of 2 to 10 times more than men to suffer from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
One major cause of hypothyroidism is thyroiditis, which manifests as a swelling in the thyroid gland.
A problem with the patient's pituitary gland or hypothalamus accounts for less than 5 percent cases of hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism is a common disorder that arises from hormone deficiency, a disorder of the thyroid gland. It occurs when a patient's thyroid gland fails to produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is then said to be under active.
The body relies on thyroid hormones to regulate its energy; abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones translate to slowing down of vital body functions including temperature regulation and the heartbeat.
This decreased production or secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland results to diminished systemic metabolism, a recipe for multiple organ dysfunctions. This is heavily linked to iodine deficiency.
Primary hypothyroidism is caused by impaired hormone release by the thyroid gland while secondary hypothyroidism occurs as a result of inadequate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by the pituitary gland.
Tertiary hypothyroidism on the other hand occurs when the hypothalamus is unable to stimulate the release of the thyroid hormone.
Neuromuscular symptoms include sleepiness, fatigue, weakness, muscle aches, slackened speech, reduced action, and slow reflexes also occur.
Other patients also experience elevated blood cholesterol level, decreased perspiration, voice deepening, loss of appetite, reduced heart rate, impaired memory, depression, and constipation.
In some cases, the disease may also lead to irregular menstrual cycles and abnormal menstrual blood flow in women.
Patients suffer increased disposition and intolerance to cold weather.
Patients with the disease may also be unable to concentrate.
Use of certain medications. Certain medicines to treat heart problems, psychiatric conditions, and cancer can sometimes affect the production of thyroid hormone. These include amiodarone (Cordarone), lithium, interferon alpha, and interleukin-2.
Treatment for hypothyroidism involves reversing clinical progression and at the same time correcting metabolic derangements.
Hypothyroidism can be easily treated using thyroid hormone medicine. The most effective and reliable thyroid replacement hormone is man-made (synthetic).
The thyroid hormone is administered to replace or supplement endogenous production.
The conventional treatment for the hypothyroidism disease remains the use of the synthetic thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, which is administered orally on a daily basis. This medication helps to restore thyroid hormone levels, and to reverse the symptoms and signs of the disease.
Other medications such as iron supplements, cholestyramine, aluminium hydroxide, or aluminium supplements may affect proper absorption of levothyroxine. Always seek your doctor's advice before using such drugs.


text:
.pricingtable
{
    border-radius: 10px;
}

.pricingtable a
{
	color: #fff;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.pricingtable a:active
{
	color: white;
}

.pricingtable a:hover
{
	text-decoration: none;
}

.pricingtable a:visited
{
	text-decoration: none;
}

.pricingtable > .column
{
    float: left;
    width: 300px;
	height: 100%;

    background-color: #fafafa;
    background-image: linear-gradient(left, #f0f0f0 0%, #fafafa 44%, #fafafa 86%, #f0f0f0 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #f0f0f0 0%, #fafafa 44%, #fafafa 86%, #f0f0f0 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #f0f0f0 0%, #fafafa 44%, #fafafa 86%, #f0f0f0 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #f0f0f0 0%, #fafafa 44%, #fafafa 86%, #f0f0f0 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #f0f0f0 0%, #fafafa 44%, #fafafa 86%, #f0f0f0 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#f0f0f0', endColorstr='#fafafa',GradientType=1);

    cursor: normal;

	overflow: hidden;
	/*border: 0px solid white;*/

	transform: scale(1);
	transition-timing-function: ease-out;
	transition-duration: 100ms;

	-webkit-transform: scale(1);
	-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out;
	-webkit-transition-duration: 100ms;

	-moz-transform: scale(1);
	-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-out;
	-moz-transition-duration: 100ms;

	-o-transform: scale(1);
	-o-transition-timing-function: ease-out;
	-o-transition-duration: 100ms;

	-ms-transform: scale(1);
	-ms-transition-timing-function: ease-out;
	-ms-transition-duration: 100ms;

	position: relative;
}

.pricingtable > .column:hover
{
    background-color: #fafafa;
    background-image: linear-gradient(left, #fafafa 0%, #fafafa 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #fafafa 0%, #fafafa 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #fafafa 0%, #fafafa 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #fafafa 0%, #fafafa 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #fafafa 0%, #fafafa 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#fafafa', endColorstr='#fafafa',GradientType=1);

	z-index: 2;
	box-shadow: 0px 0px 32px #000;
	position: relative;

	transform: scale(1.05);
	-webkit-transform: scale(1.05);
	-moz-transform: scale(1.05);
	-o-transform: scale(1.05);
	-ms-transform: scale(1.05);

	/*border: 0px solid white;*/

}

.pricingtable > .column > .head
{
	position: absolute;
	left: 0px;
	top: 0px;
	bottom: 0px;

    padding: 10px;
	margin-left: 0px;
	margin-right: 0px;
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 0px 0px black;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 20px;
    /*border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;*/

	width: 20px;
	font-family: monospace;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body
{
	margin-left: 40px;
}

.pricingtable .green
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#9fc25d', endColorstr='#bbdd77',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .green2
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #bbdd77 0%, #9fc25d 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#bbdd77', endColorstr='#9fc25d',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .green2:hover
{
    background: #bbdd77 !important;;
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#bbdd77', endColorstr='#bbdd77',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .blue
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#3ba3c9', endColorstr='#64cdf2',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .blue2
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #64cdf2 0%, #3ba3c9 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#64cdf2', endColorstr='#3ba3c9',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .blue2:hover
{
    background: #64cdf2 !important;
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#64cdf2', endColorstr='#64cdf2',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .orange
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#e59440', endColorstr='#f2c256',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .orange2
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f2c256 0%, #e59440 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#f2c256', endColorstr='#e59440',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .orange2:hover
{
    background: #f2c256 !important;
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#f2c256', endColorstr='#f2c256',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .black
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #888 0%, #000 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#000000', endColorstr='#888888',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .black2
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #888 0%, #000 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #888 0%, #000 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#888888', endColorstr='#000000',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .black2:hover
{
    background: #888 !important;
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#888888', endColorstr='#888888',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .red
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(bottom, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(bottom, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(bottom, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(bottom, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ae2a2a', endColorstr='#e31919',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .red2
{
    background-image: linear-gradient(top, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #e31919 0%, #ae2a2a 100%);
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#e31919', endColorstr='#ae2a2a',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable .red2:hover
{
    background: #e31919 !important;;
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#e31919', endColorstr='#e31919',GradientType=0);
}

.pricingtable > .column > .cl
{
	clear: left;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .row
{
    padding: 15px;
    padding-left: 50px;
    padding-right: 0px;
    font: normal 15px arial,sans-serif;
    line-height: 22px;
    height: 25px;

    color: #525252;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .row:nth-child(odd)
{
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .row:nth-child(even)
{
    background-color: #eee;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .yes
{
    background-image: url(yes.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .no
{
    background-image: url(no.png);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .pricerow
{
    padding: 20px;
    padding-top: 30px;
    padding-left: 35%;
    height: 30px;
    color: #525252;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .pricerow2
{
    padding: 20px;
    padding-top: 30px;
    font-size: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    text-align: center;
    color: #525252;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .pricerow > .price
{
    font-size: 32px;
    float: left;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .pricerow > .cents
{
    font-size: 15px;
    float: left;
    line-height: 10px;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .pricerow > .curency
{
    font-size: 18px;
    float: left;
    line-height: 9px;
    padding-right: 8px;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .pricerow > .priceby
{
    font-size: 10px;
    float: left;
    line-height: 32px;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .feature
{
    text-shadow: 1px 1px white;
}

.pricingtable > .column > .body > .signup
{
	padding: 10px;
	margin: 20px;
	color: white;
	text-shadow: 0px 0px black;
	text-align: center;
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: 17px;
	/*border-top: 1px solid #CCC;*/
	cursor: pointer;
}


text:
Q: Iterating over Immutable JS Map Consider this code:
const map1 = Immutable.Map({a:1, b:2, c:3});

const myMap = map1.map((elem, index) => {
    return "Hello " + elem;
})

console.log(myMap.toJS());
// prnts {a: "Hello 1", b: "Hello 2", c: "Hello 3"}

I want the output as ['Hello1', 'Hello2, 'Hello3'], but map is giving me an object with the keys also. Why am I not getting an array as output like a normal JavaScript map works? And what is the best way to achieve the desired result? (I can use forEach instead of map, and push the result of each iteration in an array, but I am looking for a better method).

A: Use toArray() instead toJS():

const map1 = Immutable.Map({a:1, b:2, c:3});

const myMap = map1.map((elem, index) => {
    return "Hello " + elem;
})

console.log(myMap.toArray());
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/immutable/3.8.2/immutable.js"></script>

A: You can get the array by simply using myMap.keys
Array.from(myMap.keys());

Runnable code snippet for the same is as under:
const map1 = Immutable.Map({a:1, b:2, c:3});

const myMap = map1.map((elem, index) => {
    return "Hello " + elem;
})

console.log(Array.from(myMap.keys()));

A: Just providing a different flavor using reduce

const map1 = Immutable.Map({a:1, b:2, c:3});

const myMap = map1.reduce((accumulator, value) => {
    accumulator.push("Hello" + value);
    return accumulator;
}, [])

console.log(myMap);
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/immutable/3.8.2/immutable.js"></script>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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