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To Reduce Political Hostility, Civility Goes Further Than Compromise
By Leonie Huddy and Omer Yair
Image: Matthew Bornhorst/Unsplash
In the fall of 2017, American politics felt acrimonious, partisan, and messy. In other words, it was politics as usual, or at least the bitterly polarized politics we've all grown accustomed to these past several years. Given the rancor, when it came out that President Trump and Congressional Democratic leaders had an unusually positive dinner meeting in September of that year, our interest was piqued.
There is ample evidence from social psychology that positive contact with someone from another group is one of the most effective ways to reduce intergroup animosity. This even works vicariously, by observing a group member interact positively with someone from the other group. As political psychologists who understand the influence of party leaders, we wondered if outward-facing warm relations among key Democrats and Republicans could counteract endless bad news about hostility and interpartisan conflict, and, in this way, reduce partisan animosity.
Depolarizing the American electorate is vital—hostility and distrust between everyday Democrats and Republicans is linked to various negative political and nonpolitical outcomes, including a decline in partisans' willingness to compromise, reduced trust in government, and a reluctance to do business with, socialize, and even date members of the other party. We are living the consequences of this extreme polarization now, from the violence of the Capitol riots to the worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Is there any way to tamp down this animosity and avoid further violence, mistrust, and hatred? Bipartisanship, in which two oppositional parties compromise on policy, is a popular solution to partisan polarization. But it is difficult to attain when compromise means ceding political ground to the party in power. President Biden's $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief bill is just one example of how unreachable compromise seems these days, as it passed the House and Senate along strict party lines with zero support from Congressional Republicans despite the bill's popular provisions.
Compromising on policy looks increasingly infeasible—neither side wants to be seen as sacrificing their political principles.
The United States needs to come together, but compromising on policy looks increasingly infeasible. Neither side wants to be seen as sacrificing their political principles. But according to our recent research, policy compromise might not be necessary to reduce partisan hostility. Instead, warm social interactions between prominent Republicans and Democrats may actually be a more effective way to dial down partisan animosity among citizens. This might seem surprising if politics is viewed purely in terms of policy gains and losses. It is less surprising if partisan politics is seen as a form of tribal conflict that is inflamed by personal threats and insults.
Kind and civil relations among Congressional Democrats and Republicans might sound like a fantasy in our current political landscape. But it is not as fanciful as it might seem. President Joe Biden has begun to reach out to Republicans in Congress and spoken about the need to reduce partisan animosity. While skeptics doubt that Republicans or ideologically left-leaning Democrats will play ball, our study suggests that Biden's gesture, if reciprocated, could dial down hostility among everyday Democrats and Republicans, reducing well-established partisan animosity and the potential for political violence.
How we studied partisan polarization
In late 2017 and mid-2018, we conducted two experiments using a mock news story in which then–Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell and then–minority leader Chuck Schumer dined together in a Washington restaurant (their roles are now reversed). This news story was altered so that some participants read about a warm meeting and others a hostile encounter between the two senators. In each story, the leaders also independently compromised or failed to compromise on key immigration issues: DACA and funds for building a wall at the Mexican border. In the warm encounter, Schumer and McConnell were seen laughing together over dinner and parting with a hug. In the hostile encounter, they were overheard using obscenities and arguing loudly, and left the restaurant muttering to themselves and shaking their heads.
After reading about the restaurant encounter, respondents answered a series of questions that we used to create a scale of partisans' attitudes toward their own party and the rival party. Participants rated how warmly they felt toward Democrats and Republicans, how they perceived each group's personality traits (open or closed, moderate or extreme, and moral or immoral), and how supportive they would be of a close relative marrying a Democrat or Republican.
In the second study, respondents answered the same questions, as well as how often felt they could trust Republicans and Democrats to do what is right for the country. After reading the news story, they also rated how much Democrats respected Republicans, had warm or cold feelings for them, and viewed them as ignorant or knowledgeable (and vice versa). Participants had answered these questions roughly six weeks before reading about the restaurant encounter, allowing us to assess whether views of the other party had shifted after reading the mock news story.
Democrats and Republicans feel better about each other when their leaders get along—not when they compromise
Reading about a warm encounter between Schumer and McConnell consistently boosted positive ratings of the other party. The improvement in ratings is modest in size, which is to be expected—a brief news story is unlikely to reverse strongly held perceptions of American political parties.
When Schumer and McConnell engaged warmly, the other party was also rated as less hostile and negative toward one's own party. The perception that another group is antagonistic toward members of one's own group is often a catalyst for intergroup conflict and violence. Our results suggest that political leaders' public behaviors can help reduce violence among their party members.
Policy compromise did little to change feelings about the other party. In other words, increased agreement with political rivals does not necessarily decrease our dislike of them.
As we expected, the mock news story changed views of the parties' willingness to compromise—but surprisingly, policy compromise did little to change feelings about the other party. Participants knew where their party stood on building a southern border wall and recognized when the other party shifted toward their party's stance, but they did not like them any more than if they had not compromised. In other words, increased agreement with political rivals does not necessarily decrease our dislike of them.
Is friendship and warmth among different-party politicians even realistic?
Our results suggest that political leaders can help reduce animosity among American citizens simply by being friendlier when interacting with members of the other party.
Is this even possible in today's political climate?
In conducting our research, we found that bipartisan friendship persists even in the current divided context. Pennsylvania's Republican (Pat Toomey) and Democratic (Bob Casey) senators are well known for their bipartisan collaborations. New Jersey Democratic Senator Cory Booker maintains a friendship with former Republican Governor Chris Christie. The weekly Senate prayer breakfast, which brings together Senators of both parties, was cohosted in recent years by Democratic Senator Chris Coons and Republican Senator James Lankford.
Our research suggests that reducing political hostility is possible without giving up our political beliefs.
The problem is that ordinary Americans remain largely unaware of these friendships. The news media could help to solve this problem by advertising friendship and kindness between rival politicians when it occurs, or running an occasional feature story on the existence of bipartisan friendships. They could also replace programs that feature high-decibel partisan disagreement for ones that showcase a civil, warm exchange between key Democrat and Republican leaders. Partisan conflict and hostility may attract viewers in the short term, but it comes with a negative long-term price that we all pay.
Politicians also need to do their part to reduce partisan polarization. This will not be easy. Like some media organizations, some politicians will be reluctant to forego passionate supporters who are attracted to vitriolic political content. Others will be afraid that positive overtures to the other party will result in inevitable backlash.
Joe Biden said in his victory speech, "It's time to put away the harsh rhetoric, lower the temperature, see each other again, listen to each other again, and to make progress." Our research suggests that this is possible without giving up our political beliefs. Democracy demands disagreement. It is weakened, however, by partisan hostility, especially when that hostility undermines a basic belief in democracy. Our leaders and those who report on them have an obligation to dial up civility to avoid a further weakening of American democracy.
Leonie Huddy
Leonie Huddy is a professor and chair of the Political Science Department at Stony Brook University. Her research focuses on the political psychology of intergroup relations and the role of social identities and emotions in shaping public opinion and political behavior.
Omer Yair
Omer Yair is a postdoctoral scholar at the Federmann School of Public Policy at the Hebrew University. He studies public opinion and political behavior and focuses on partisans' attitudes toward their political rivals and toward public institutions and the media.
Huddy, L., & Yair, O. (2020). Reducing Affective Polarization: Warm Group Relations or Policy Compromise? Political Psychology, 42(2), 291-309. (Link)
Druckman, J. N., Gubitz, S. R., Levendusky, M. S., & Lloyd, A. M. (2019). How Incivility On Partisan Media (De-)Polarizes the Electorate. The Journal of Politics, 81(1), 291–295. (Link)
Huddy, L., Mason, L., and Aaroe, L. (2015). Expressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity. American Political Science Review. 109 (1): 1-17. (Link)
Huddy, L., Bankert, A., & Davies, C. (2018). Expressive vs. Instrumental Partisanship in Multi-Party European Systems. Advances in Political Psychology. 39(1): 173-199. (Link)
Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 129–146. (Link)
Yair, O. (2021). The Hostile Mediator Phenomenon: When Threatened, Rival Partisans Perceive Various Mediators as Biased Against Their Group. Public Opinion Quarterly. (Link)


How much does BMW 550i GT xDrive repair and maintenance cost?
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Rapid Methods for the Bacteriological Analyses of Raw Frozen Breaded Shrimp.
Godwin, Glyn Joseph, "Rapid Methods for the Bacteriological Analyses of Raw Frozen Breaded Shrimp." (1976). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2920.


Omokusrant is a blog, developed by John Omoku.. Created on June, 2018, it is a space where he shares his thoughts obviously in writings, ranging from people, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes and lots more.The world is changing, things are not longer the way they used to be… Sometimes I write on these changes, expressing my feelings on them.
It could be poetic writings, ordinary essays, or sarcasm.
Each post may however, contain certain pictures, which I may give credit to the source which it was derived.
Posts from here may not be regular as you might find on some entertainment blogs, as I write according to what I feel, and so posts are considered thoroughly before pasting them here.
Contents from here should not be reproduced without consent from the author, or without due credits.
You can contact the author via his email address, @Johnomoku@gmail.com.
"Everything written here, is according to my perspective, view or point of observation. It is however, subject to criticism by the reader".


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White are dominant on this sicherungen und relais tbmod due to table below. Then silver & very light pink color scheme is make it perfect. Combination beetween light grey, greyish, grey, medium grey and gunmetal are wraping around the room.


When using any type of hand or power tool, if not used properly, this can obviously increase the possibility of injury to ourselves or people working around us increases considerably. Furthermore, using a tool incorrectly can damage the equipment and / or prevent the project being done badly or not at all.
So what tools should you be using and how do you use them safely?
First of all, make sure you use the right tool for the job. Using the correct tool for the job is the first step in safe hand tool use. Remember, tools are designed for specific purposes – some more so than others.
Applying Safety and Care should always be a priority when using any type of tool. Always read the user manual and follow the guidelines. Approved eye protection is a must when using any type of tool or equipment. Safety glasses and sound protectors can help protect you and prevent serious injury.
Most accidents happen because one or more safe operating procedures were not followed. History usually tells us what we did right or wrong and how that affected our job performance. The old saying "Do it right the first time" applies to using hand tools safely. This includes staying up-to-date on safety techniques and following safe practices in the work place. Professionals shouldn't need second chances, because professionals do the job right the first time.
Try and make sure you but only good quality hand tools which will last many years if they are taken care of and used properly. Buy tools from a well-respected tool merchant and only use the tools for their intended purpose. Buying good quality tools makes the professional's – and the home DIY type job that much safer and easier. They can save time, give better results and help you do your job more safely.
You know how much you love spending time with your beloved dog. There's nothing like coming home from a long day at work and taking the dog for a walk. Your four-legged friend gets some needed time outside to enjoy the fresh air and a bit of exercise, and so do you! Some of us are even lucky enough to be able to come home at lunch time and break up the work day a bit with a midday dog walk.
So consider this: as we age, there are times when we have aches and pains that stay with us for days. If you have a medium- or large-breed dog, this is likely the case for your dog, too. Those daily walks can be a good way to warm tight muscles and alleviate tension, but we still need to do what we can to make our daily living arrangements as comfortable as possible so that those problem areas receive all the support that they need. This is especially true for those of us – humans and dogs – experiencing joint pain on a regular basis. The more we can do for joints involved in weight-bearing activities, the better.
We humans have memory foam mattresses and pillows, but did you know that memory foam beds are available for dogs as well? Waggers specialises in luxury fibre dog beds that may be just what your dog needs to be comfortable as he ages.
From now until 20th August 2015, selected dog beds, including our bestselling memory foam pet beds, dog mattresses and overstuffed puffball beds, are available for £5 off the regular price. Don't wait until Christmas to give your dog that special bed; show him right now just how much you care.
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The result is that iVech is designed to give maximum security and control of the vehicle fleet, and integrates with the Hireguard* database to give optimum intelligence and automatic warning against high risk hirers. The system also integrates with your tracking system, should your vehicles be fitted with trackers, the rental operator has direct information, on driver behaviour, speeding, hard braking, acceleration, impacts and of course location. The system can be set to give alerts if the hire vehicle enters certain areas, ports etc, and also alerts should it leave the UK.
For more information on the iVech vehicle rental software please call iVech now on 0191 460 3263 or contact us using email via their vehicle rental software website contact page.
So your best mate is about to get married. Whether you're planning a stag party or a hen party, you have a pretty good idea of what will make for an evening that none will soon forget. But have you ever considered that maybe the biggest party your mate have thrown for him or her before their wedding day could be even bigger and better than what one might expect? What we mean is, what are you planning for the party before the party?
It's no secret that a lot of stag parties begin with the "kidnapping" of the groom-to-be by his friends who are taking him out to who-knows-where and will be gone until who-knows-when. While most ladies know by now what goes on at a stag party and brides-to-be are generally willing to accept it as something that their mates have planned, there's a better way to go about it.
Rather than whisk your mate away for one last rowdy night, plan an even bigger event that begins in the daytime and goes on into the night or even make a weekend of it. For lads, there are all sorts of things you can do that will get everyone amped up for the evening ahead. Go-karting and paintballing can be a great way to get the party started, and if you really want to take things over the top, plan a day of quad-biking for the groom and all of your mates!
You ladies know you like to have a good time as much as the boys do, but there's also that side of you that enjoys a tea party and a bit of pampering before a night on the town. What better way to get ready than by spending the afternoon with friends, enjoying tea or a bit of bubbly while receiving a Swedish neck and shoulder massage and having your hair done? A pamper party is a great prelude to a hen party and a fantastic way to extend the happy occasion of your friend's upcoming wedding.
If you're in the bridal party as well and have gotten a bit fatigued by all the dress fittings and other details that bridesmaids are involved with, then imagine how exhausted the bride-to-be must be by now! Treating your dear friend to a pamper party before going out on the town will show her just how much you care about her well-being after all the months of fretting over every last detail leading up to her wedding day. It will also put you all in the best possible frame of mind for going out in the evening for that last big hurrah!
If you're planning a stag or hen party in Newcastle, don't miss out on our exciting packages for daytime and evening parties for the ladies and the lads. Our packages include a fantastic night on the town in Newcastle, a centre for nightlife in the North East. Enjoy all the best that the city centre has to offer and let our comprehensive hotel and transport services handle the details of where you will end up and how!
For more information about our stag and hen party packages, call us today on 07740 3000 40 or visit the NE1 Experience website today.
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Waggers, an online shop specialising in pet care, toys and supplies, offers a wide range of dog beds which young and old dogs alike absolutely love. Our overstuffed luxury fibre dog beds are made of a lightweight yet fully supportive thermal hollow fibre and include a machine-washable cover in one of many unique designs. Purchase one for your dog today – we're sure it will soon become his favourite piece of furniture.
For more information about our line of pet care products or to order one of our overstuffed dog beds, call us on 0844 573 1650 or visit the Waggers online pet store today.
For a hen party to remember Newcastle is one of the top hen party destinations in Europe. The city offers hens a great selection of pubs and clubs, with some of the best nightlife available anywhere in the UK.
NE1 Experience can help you plan that perfect hen party including accommodation, exciting activities and everything needed to get your hen party in Newcastle started and have great packages to suit all tastes and ages.
There are plenty of ways to put on a hen party, so the real question is: how much fun can you all stand during the run-up to your friend's wedding day? Is one evening enough time to celebrate the future marital bliss of the bride-to-be, or would it truly be a blowout celebration to make an entire weekend of it? Luckily for you, planning every detail of the hen party need not fall completely on your shoulders if you are planning a Hen Party in Newcastle.
NE1 Experience specialises in stag and hen parties in Newcastle, and all of our hen party packages include luxury mini-coach service so there's no need to work out who's driving. Why should the boys have all the fun? With NE1 Experience, your entire group will enjoy complimentary drinks and shots at some of Newcastle's best nightclubs with no worries about how or when you'll get home. If you think that you and the girls would like to spread the celebration over an afternoon and evening and then crash at a nearby hotel, then no worries!
Our Basic Package 2 includes a Sparkling Afternoon Tea (Prosecco anyone?) to get the party started right, and once you've partied until you're about to drop, our coach service will bring you safely to your hotel room so that you can sleep off all the fun you've just had. Call NE1 Experience today – your bride-to-be and everyone else in your hen party will thank you for it!
For more information about our hen party packages, call us today on 07740 3000 40 or visit the NE1 Experience website and let us help organise the perfect Hen Party for you.


When the Ferrari 458 first appeared in 2009 it rather rapidly became the benchmark by which every other supercar was judged. Its stunning Italian looks, its aerodynamic body and a seven-speed gearbox tick all the boxes for any sports car fan. You'll feel like an F1 driver when you get behind the wheel of this car.


A shady garden makes a relaxing, inviting spot for guests.
1 Tell How Much Light One Part of Your Yard Is Getting?
A shady yard makes the perfect location for cool, summer entertaining but shade discourages some would-be gardeners from planting. The predominance of shade is not necessarily a non-starter for homeowners; many plants -- even flowers, grow well in low-light conditions. Begin planning your shade garden by evaluating the light level of the garden spot you select. When the yard is lined with trees and tall shrubs, you likely have partially shady conditions. Classify yards with large trees dominating the landscape as densely shaded. Knowing an approximate light level helps you choose plants suitable for the environment.
Plant flower and plant varieties that like growing in shade. Do not attempt to force sun-loving plants to grow in shady spots. Choose flowering plants like astilbe hybrids, begonia, amethyst flower, garden hydrangea, foamflower or lavender mist. For green accents, plant Japanese forest grass, dead nettle, creeping Jenny or coleus. Plants that little moisture may not grow well in a moist, shade garden.
Water the garden once a week if no natural rainfall occurs. Shade gardens placed under trees may not receive the necessary amount of water. Soak the garden, providing it with an 1-inch of water in morning to allow the ground time to soak it up. Watering in the evening could lead to mold growth -- undesirable, even with mold-resistant plants. Plants look wilted and display yellow leaves as a sign that they need additional water. Add a midweek watering during long periods of dry weather conditions if plants show these signs.
Rake out dead leaves and debris every two to three weeks to control pests. Spiders, mice and other undesirable pests like to hide under piles of dead growth. Another way to control debris is by using mulch around the plants. Before adding mulch to the shade garden, add 1 to 2 inches of compost as fertilizer. Shade gardens need compost fertilization once a year.
Increase the air flow to your shade garden by trimming back large bushes and trees annually.
Plant your shade garden in spring to allow it time to establish before fall arrives.
Shade gardens located under trees that shed heavily can smother if the leaves are not removed.
Patrick, Monica. "How to Care for a Shade Garden." Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/care-shade-garden-26530.html. Accessed 21 April 2019.


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'No K-pop on a dead planet': Meet the stans taking up climate activism
Nurul Sarifah is one of the organisers of Kpop4planet, a group of K-pop fans fighting for climate justice. - Copyright Kpop4planet and AFP
By Ian Smith • Updated: 01/12/2022
K-pop is a global phenomenon. It's a multibillion juggernaut with a legion of dedicated fans, some of the world's most popular bands and a seemingly never-ending production line of talent.
So its link to combatting the climate crisis is not immediately clear.
Especially when you factor in the industry's major output. Over 34.9 million physical copies of K-pop albums were sold in the first half of 2022 and collectible photocards are placed in each album to encourage fans to consume more and buy multiple copies.
Yet K-pop fans are known for fighting for social justice causes. When #whitelivesmatter trended on Twitter following the murder of George Floyd, K-pop stans flooded it with fancams to block out the racist posts. And in June 2020 fans registered for thousands of tickets to a Donald Trump rally that they never intended to use, leading to swathes of empty seats and stopping his supporters from attending.
So perhaps it was inevitable that they would soon get involved in one of the most important social justice issues of our time: the climate crisis.
Why do K-pop fans care about the climate crisis?
Nurul Sarifah is a 23-year-old K-pop fan from Indonesia. Along with two friends she set up Kpop4planet in March 2021. It's a platform for people who enjoy K-pop and Korean culture to fight for climate justice together.
"I've been concerned with climate issues because I have experienced them," she tells Euronews Green.
"I live in Jakarta and there's so many coal plants around the area, it's affecting locals by creating air pollution. We also experience floods every year and it's becoming an annual thing that makes me realise how the climate crisis is really happening and how it's affecting me and my family."
Members of Kpop4planet attended the COP27 climate summit in Egypt earlier this month.Kpop4planet
Nurul wanted to combine "the power of the K-pop fans'' with climate activism. And so Kpop4planet was born.
As 21-year-old Portuguese member Carla Alexandra Almeida da Costa puts it: "K-pop fans are amazing, we do amazing things. So why don't we use our strength in order to save the world?"
What do K-pop fans think of becoming climate activists?
The movement has proved popular with the fandom. What started off as a voluntary role for Nurul has turned into her full-time job. Two others work for Kpop4planet full-time along with 20 volunteer ambassadors from nine countries. The group is funded by Action Speaks Louder, a charity registered in Australia who lobby to hold big companies accountable for their climate change promises.
From Billie Eilish to Coldplay: Here's how musicians are confronting the climate crisis
Is our addiction to Spotify ruining the planet? The environmental cost of streaming is invisible
Kpop4planet gives fans who are concerned about the climate crisis a platform to take action and support each other.
Many young people struggle with eco-anxiety and feel overwhelmed at the scale and consequences of the crisis. For Nurul, combining her two passions of K-pop and climate activism keeps her grounded and helps her to continue the fight for climate justice.
"K-pop is how we get through this madness," she laughs.
A post shared by Euronews Green (@euronewsgreen)
What does Kpop4planet do?
Nurul and her colleagues have channelled most of their energy into six different climate campaigns. Over 33,000 fans from 170 countries have taken part in them.
The most successful of these has been 'No K-pop on a dead planet'. It called for K-pop albums to go green by selling digital rather than physical albums, minimising the packaging and encouraging low carbon performances.
The culture of buying physical albums is strong for many K-pop fans. It's a way of showing support for their favourite band and there's excitement in finding a photocard of your 'bias' (a K-pop fan term for your favourite member of a band) stashed inside. It's a culture that can lead to overconsumption as fans buy multiple copies of one album to boost their favourite band and collect as many photocards as they can.
Carla believes that their lobbying is having an impact on the industry. She points to the example of the band Victon. For the release of their album Chronograph, they gave fans a choice between buying the usual physical album or opting instead to be sent just the photocard and receive a digital copy of the album.
K-pop is how we get through this madness.
The 'No K-pop on a dead planet' campaign also led to discussions between Kpop4planet, the Korean government and the entertainment industry about implementing more sustainable practices.
"A couple of them like SM Entertainment have joined the UN Global Compact and there's also JYP, they are joining the Korean Renewable 100 [a global initiative where businesses commit to running their operations 100 per cent from renewable energies]. They are the first K-pop company to join this one," Nurul says.
"This shows that now companies, even the government, are listening to the fans' voices, not only because they are the consumers, but also because we really care about these industries."
How activists used COP27 to draw attention to Egypt's human rights record
Aside from targeting the big companies, Kpop4planet has also tackled deforestation. Fan gifts are popular in K-pop culture. Groups of K-pop fans will come together to buy expensive gifts for their idols. Kpop4planet started an initiative where they encourage fans to plant or adopt trees for their idols and fandoms to "show care for our forests".
Birthday Gifts from @jenniebar_cn ?✨#AngelJennieDay#jennie#jenniekim#blackpink #jenniefashion#jenniestylepic.twitter.com/G2YLttIxt9
— Jennie Style (@jenniestyle_) January 17, 2020
The group also attended the UN climate talks COP27 in Egypt earlier this month where they urged global leaders to take steps to eliminate deforestation and took part in the Korea Pavillon.
Their appearance followed on from superstar girl band Blackpink attending COP26 last year in Glasgow where they called on leaders to take urgent climate action.
We can still realise what was promised in Paris 2015. We can still save our planet. We can still save our future. ?
WATCH our message to world leaders at today's UN Climate Change Conference – COP26 in #Glasgow#ClimateActionInYourArea#TogetherForOurPlanet#BLINKS@COP26pic.twitter.com/nUyEDGZr36
— BLACKPINK GLOBAL BLINK (@ygofficialblink) November 3, 2021
What are the stereotypes about K-pop fans?
For Nurul and Carla this increased recognition of Kpop4planet has the added benefit of combatting the stereotypes of K-pop fans.
The fandom has been compared to a cult and is seen by some as obsessive and toxic.
"I think Kpop4planet is a way for other people to look at us from a different perspective because we aren't crazy and fanatic children. We also do beautiful things," says Carla.
Nurul agrees: "One of the reasons why some fans are not that confident to speak about climate issues is because they are scared of the stereotyping that is there about K-pop fans.
"We are so glad that our platform can be a safe space for K-pop fans that are looking for friends to work on climate action together."
POP MUSIC ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACTIVISM SOUTH KOREA CLIMATE ACTIVST K-POP
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Description: A brace of CSX B30-7s (5545, 5514) work covered hoppers in a misting rain at Spartanburg SC in Novermber 1992. The wye is where the former Piedmont Northern and Charleston & Western Carolina used to connect.
Description: Three old GE's shove a ballast train out of the Lockair Yard in Marietta. These shots were taken from up in my bucket truck.
Description: After shoving out of the north end of the yard, the ballast train heads south at Lockair.
Description: After N122 clears the north switch, empty hopper train E208 chugs up the siding. B30-7 5545 in the house track is assigned to a work extra which is off today.
Description: CSX train N111, ELFX coal loads for Crystal River, FL, is down to near walking speed on the southbound grade into Talbotton on the Fitzgerald sub. B30-7 5545 is assigned to work train duty.
Description: CSXT train M742, the Tallahassee-Live Oak turn, heads west (railroad south) past a classic doll arm signal at Greenville, FL.
Description: CSXT trains M742 and Q608 meet at SE Drifton, FL.
Description: Two CSX B-boats rumble in to town, after picking up leftover cars.
Description: Three former big GE's (in there day) sit awaiting the cutting torch.


IMAX will begin its virtual reality roll-out as early as the end of this year, IMAX Entertainment CEO Greg Foster said at a conference in Los Angeles this Wednesday.
Moviegoers will be able to purchase bundled ticket that cover both the movie and access to a virtual reality experience located at the same multiplex.
The virtual reality project is the result of a partnership with Starbreeze that IMAX announced earlier this year.
Stockholm-based Starbreeze is the maker of the StarVR headset, which offers an industry-leading 210-degree field of view. By comparison, the Oculus Rift and the HTC Vive have just a 110-degree field of view creating a scuba mask effect that can limit immersion.
Foster also suggested that his company's partnership with Michael Bay will likely result in the release of virtual reality content to accompany the IMAX version of the movie. That partnership, announced this past summer, covers five Paramount pictures — including the fifth Transformers film, Transformers: The Last Knight.


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Nominate a Teacher
Nominations for Teaching Chairs will be accepted until January 31, 2021. Anyone can nominate
a teacher – a peer, a student, a parent, a community member. Teachers may also nominate themselves.
In 2021, the following six Chairs are open for nominations. The first five chairs recognize a classroom teacher who has taught in the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City School (CHCCS) District for at least three years. The final chair recognizes a teacher new to the profession who shows promise and who has taught for less than three years.
Elementary School Chairs
Upper Elementary Chair for Excellence in Teaching Innovation
The second elementary teaching chair was established as an endowment to honor outstanding, innovative teachers of grades 3-5 districtwide. The award is presented on a two-year cycle.
Middle School Chairs
Zora Rashkis Chair for Excellence in Teaching Middle School Language Arts or Social Studies
An endowment fund was created to honor Mrs. Rashkis, who was a much loved teacher at Phillips and Culbreth Middle Schools. The chair was initially awarded to outstanding middle school Language Arts teachers. Starting with the 2013-14 school year, the award was expanded to include middle school candidates teaching Social Studies. This is a two-year award.
High School Chairs
Elmo's Chair for Excellence in Teaching High School Math or Science
The chair began with an initial endowment from Kaiser Permanente and continued in 2006 with a supplemental gift from Elmo's Diner and the Upper Elementary Chair Fund. It has a two-year term.
District-wide Chairs
Neil Pedersen Teachers First Chair for Excellence in Classroom Technology
This endowed fund was created by the Foundation to honor the former CHCCS Superintendent Neil Pedersen as a part of the Teachers First campaign. The chair is awarded to a Career and Technical Education (CTE) or Instructional Technology Facilitator (IFT) teacher who best exemplifies excellence in technology instruction and skill development in their students' classroom experiences. Instructional Technology Facilitators or teachers of Business Education, Technology, Printing/Graphics, Family & Consumer Science, Drafting, Marketing, Computer Engineering, or Automotive classes are eligible for nomination. Beginning in 2020, this chair will be awarded on a three-year cycle to one eligible teacher.
Mel and Zora Rashkis Chair for Excellence in Teaching Healthful Living or Physical Education
Established in 2017-18 this chair honors outstanding teachers in grades K-12 who instruct students in health and/or physical education. Provided by the Rashkis Trust, the chair is awarded on a three-year cycle and is named to honor the legacies of educators Mel and Zora Rashkis.
For the Promising New Teacher Chair below, the nominee must be new to teaching and have taught in the CHCCS district for less than three years.
Sterling and Anita Hennis Chair for Promising New Secondary Teachers of English/Language Arts or Social Studies
This endowed fund was created by the family of Sterling and Anita Hennis. Beginning in the 2020-21 school year, the Hennis Chair will be presented on a three-year cycle to a beginning teacher (less than three years teaching) who shows great promise in teaching English/Language Arts or Social Studies at either the middle or high school level.
Email: psf@chccs.k12.nc.us
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Ave Cities Network has chosen Villanueva de Córdoba, one of its 20 member cities, to hold its first regular meeting of 2015. During the Asambly in the Plenary Hall of the City Council of this Andalusian town, members of different destinations part of this association have approved the Plan of Actions for this year, the budget and the Communication Plan, in order to maintain the presence of the Network in the national market and especially internationally. Among the most important fairs of the tourism sector to which the Network attend this year include: FITUR, in which Ave cities just participated and which has strengthened trade relations with major Asian tour operators and travel agents as well as with different OETS ; the B-Travel (former SITC) in Barcelona; Expovacaciones in Bilbao; Inland Tourism Fair of Villena; Valladolid INTUR or Tierra Adentro in Jaén, among others. Internationally, the Network will be take part in ITB Berlin; WTM and ETOA CITY FAIR in London; Munich's FREE; Paris MAP; ANATO of Colombia or TTG Rimini.
Ave Cities Network will participate in various Trade Missions in collaboration with Turespaña and Renfe in Canada, USA, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Berlin, Frankfurt, London, Rome, Paris, Lyon, Finland , Oporto, China and Japan. To which must be added the familiarization trips or fam trips and press trips, also in collaboration with Renfe and Turespaña, by journalists and international tour operators. They will know the advantages of traveling by AVE and destinations and products as Avexperience and Renfe Spain Pass.
In the Assembly in Villanueva de Córdoba, this association has also agreed to continue working with Rail Europe for the promotional campaign "Connexion" in China, South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan. This year, the outdoor advertising campaign is also maintained in the destinations that make up the Network and the media..
Moreover, in this 2015 the Network will keep collaboration agreements with Turespaña, Renfe, Autonomous Communities, Paradores de Turismo, NH Hotels, Fundación Pequeño Deseo and will continue to pursue the web www.avexperience.es and social networks as essential to publicize the activities of the Network and its 20 destinations.


text:
Mining Frontiers
Anthropological and Historical Perspectives
Edited by: Katja Werthmann, Tilo Grätz. With a preface by: Günther Schlee. With an introduction by: Katja Werthmann, Tilo Grätz. With contributions by: Filip de Boeck, Raymond E. Dumett, Tilo Grätz, Eugenia Herbert, Paul Richards, Katja Werthmann. Series edited by: Thomas Bierschenk, Anna-Maria Brandstetter, Raimund Kastenholz, Matthias Krings, Carola Lentz.
Series: Mainzer Beiträge zur Afrikaforschung Volume 32
5 graphs
Text language(s): English
When valuable minerals are discovered in areas in which government control is weak or contested, artisanal mining springs up and creates new communities, new forms of bonding and alliance, and new divisions and hostilities, or new forms of Integration and Conflict. Since the beginning of the 2000s there has been a boom in studies about non-industrial mining in Africa, but there is still a lot of work to be done, especially about the social worlds.
Mining and related economic activities can be profitable but also hazardous for individuals, communities and the natural environment. Whether artisanal mining can contribute to economic growth or be replaced by more sustainable livelihoods is a matter of on-going research. The regulation and enforcement of rights and obligations connected with artisanal mining vary from state to state. It is is often seen as a response to poverty, but mining is ancient in several regions of Africa, and we need to understand continuities as well as changes in order to make sense of present-day mining activities. Life in mining camps is also attractive because it empowers social uniors and offers access to alternative life-styles. The motives for taking up mining vary according to the historical, social and political circumstances as well as according to an individual's age, gender and social status.
The cases presented in this volume show studies of historical and present-day mining in Africa that focus on the social organization of mining and related livelihoods, on different actors involved in mining, and on social changes brought about by mining booms. It ranges from pre-colonial mining to the present-day industrial mining boom and presents cases from Angola, Congo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Sierra Leone.
Günther Schlee:
Katja Werthmann / Tilo Grätz:
Eugenia Herbert:
Elusive frontiers – Precolonial mining in Sub-Saharan Africa
Raymond E. Dumett:
Parallel mining frontiers in the Gold Coast and Asante in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Paul Richards:
Mining and the Messiah – War and the masterless classes in Sierra Leone
Filip de Boeck:
Diamonds and disputes – Conflict and local power on the border between Congo and Angola
Tilo Grätz:
Gold mining in the Atakora mountains (Benin) – Exchange relations in a volatile economic field
Katja Werthmann:
Gold mining in Burkina Faso since the 1980s
About the volume editors:
Dr. Katja Werthmann is an anthropologist and professor at the Institute of African Studies at the University of Leipzig, Germany. She has researched and published about Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon.
PD Dr. Tilo Grätz is an associate professor at the Institute for Social and Cultural Anthropology, Freie Universität of Berlin, Germany. He has done fieldwork in West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana) about social relations, migration and transcultural processes.
Bitteres Gold (ISBN 978-3-89645-821-6)
From a historian's perspective, this book contributes to the study of mining in Africa by making accessible critical breaks and continuities in the social worlds of non-industrial mining throughout many parts of the African continent, and over a large span of time – insights that are also relevant to anthropological research. Though it is by no means a comprehensive overview (there is a heavy West African bias), the collection offers a broad enough range of scholarly accounts to engage a large contingent of academics. This wide spectrum approach however, is also one of the challenges of the book. The reader has to manage frequent changes in conceptual frameworks, in addition to chronological and geographical transitions. Regardless of this, the authors succeed in providing a very diverse and dynamic picture of non-industrial mining frontiers. The collection of essays in Mining Frontiers should be lauded for opening up dialogue between Africanists of an interdisciplinary background working on different regions of Africa and varying periods of time.
Cassandra Mark-Thiesen in H-Soz-u-Kult, online: 18.1.2014, 1
Insgesamt gelingt es den Autor_innen über detaillierte Beschreibungen die Kontinuitäten und Wandlungsprozesse der sozialen Organisation des Bergbaus in verschiedenen afrikanischen Ländern darzulegen. Auf diese Weise liefert der lesenswerte Band Anregungen zum Weiterdenken und verdeutlicht nachdrücklich, dass es sich bei den mit dem Bergbau einhergehenden sozialen (Wandlungs-)Prozessen um ambivalente Phänomene handelt, die sich eindimensionalen Erklärungen und simplifizierenden Bewertungen entziehen.
Marika Gereke in Peripherie, 132/33, 2013, 514-516
'Mining frontiers in Africa' provides a good blend of historical and ethnographic materials, set in a framework that is sensitive to both local conditions and the broader political economy of Sub-Saharan Africa. As such, it offers an overview of developments and problems and indicates important questions for future research. Anthropologists working in other regions, like Latin America, Southeast Asia or the Pacific – where large-scale extractive industries are also growing in importance – will appreciate the comparative dimension this volume offers as well as the editors' efforts to link artisanal and industrial mining in a context that encompasses extractive processes in different regional anthropologies.
Bettina Beer in Sociologus, 64, 1/2014, 109-112
Mining regions in Africa are frontiers in a spatial, social and metaphorical sense. They are not only economic frontiers, but also imaginary spaces fed by ideas of a better life, and social spaces where alternative modes of livelihood and lifestyles are possible. This book presents studies of historical and present-day mining in Africa that focus on the social organization of mining, on different interest groups involved in mining, and on social changes brought about by mining booms. The contributions range from precolonial mining to the present-day mining booms and war economies and analyse cases from Angola, Congo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Sierra Leone.
Ulrich Oberdiek in Anthropological Abstracts, 13/2012, 1


text:
Clifford Truesdell
Clifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Clifford Ambrose Truesdell III
(1919-02-18)February 18, 1919
January 14, 2000(2000-01-14) (aged 80)
Solomon Lefschetz
Harry Bateman
Walter Noll
Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Europe learning French, German, and Italian, and improving his Latin and Greek. His linguistic skills stood him in good stead in his later historical investigations. At Caltech he was deeply influenced by the teaching of Harry Bateman. In particular, a course in partial differential equations "taught me the difference between an ordinary good teacher and a great mathematician, and after that I never cared what grade I got in anything."[7] He obtained a B.Sc. in mathematics and physics in 1941, and an MSc. in mathematics in 1942.
In 1943, he completed a Ph.D. in mathematics at Princeton University. For the rest of the decade, the U.S. Navy employed him to do mechanics research.
Truesdell taught at Indiana University 1950-61, where his students included James Serrin, Jerald Ericksen, and Walter Noll. From 1961 until his retirement in 1989, Truesdell was professor of rational mechanics at Johns Hopkins University.[8][9] He and Noll contributed to foundational rational mechanics, whose aim is to construct a mathematical model for treating (continuous) mechanical phenomena.[10]
Truesdell was the founder and editor-in-chief of the journals Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis and Archive for History of Exact Sciences, which were unusual in several ways. Following Truesdell's criticisms of awkward style in scientific writing,[11] the journal accepted papers in English, French, German, and Latin.
In addition to his original work in mechanics, Truesdell was a major historian of science and mathematics, editing or co-editing six volumes of the collected works of Leonhard Euler.
Criticism of Truesdell's support of rational thermodynamicsEdit
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the words of Bernard Lavenda if there is something rational in rational thermodynamics it is well-hidden.[12] Ironically, the 'rational' theory even failed in fields where the authors assumed expertise: "More damage was suffered by rational thermodynamics when it was found that the theory could not be applied to non-Newtonian fluids.".[13]
Truesdell become also famous by his attacks on Lars Onsager (Nobel Prize 1968 for nonequilibrium thermodynamics) and related scientists. As Ingo Müller reports:[13]
"Truesdell's outspoken partisanship of rational thermodynamics and his flamboyant style fuelled some lively controversies between adherents of TIP and the protagonists of rational thermodynamics, chiefly Truesdell himself. His attacks on Onsagerism were advanced with much satirical verve, that makes them fun to read for those who were not targeted. However, the defenders of TIP tried their best to pay Truesdell back in his own coin. Woods pointed out some awkward features of rational thermodynamics in a paper entitled "The bogus axioms of continuum mechanics."57 And Ronald Samuel Rivlin (1915–2005) delighted a worldwide audience with a frequently repeated humorous lecture under the title "On red herrings and other sundry unidentified fish in modern continuum mechanics."
An article written by Müller (On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux)[14] was later refuted by Truesdell (Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference).[15]
Euler Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1958 and 1983;
Bingham Medal of the Society of Rheology, 1963;
Birkhoff Prize of the American Mathematical Society and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1978;
Honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science at Uppsala University, Sweden 1979;[16]
Theodore von Karman Medal, 1996.
Selected writingsEdit
An Essay towards a Unified Theory of Special Functions, Princeton University Press, 1948.[17]
A First Course in Rational Continuum Mechanics, Academic Press, 1977.[18]
Vorticity and the Thermodynamic State in a Gas Flow, Gauthier-Villars, 1952.[19]
The Kinematics of Vorticity, Indiana University Press, 1954.[20]
Rational fluid mechanics, 1687–1765, Orell Füssil, 1954.[21]
Rational Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, 1969.
The Elements of Continuum Mechanics, Springer-Verlag.
The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics, 1822-1854. ISBN 0-387-90403-4. see [22] and another by I. Grattan-Guinness.
Great Scientists of Old As Heretics in "the Scientific Method", University of Virginia Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8139-1134-6.
Classical Field Theories of Mechanics, with Toupin, vol. III/1 of Handbuch der Physik edited by Siegfried Flügge.
"Non-linear Field Theories of Mechanics", with Walter Noll, volume III/3 of Handbuch der Physik edited by Siegfried Flügge.
An Introduction to the Mechanics of Fluids, with K. R. Rajagopal, Birkhauser, Boston, 1999.
Essays in the History of Mechanics, Springer-Verlag, 1968.
^ Clifford Truesdell at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
^ Capriz, G. (2000). "Obituary – Clifford Ambrose Truesdell (1919–2000)". Meccanica. 35 (5): 463–466. doi:10.1023/A:1010368106989.
^ Giusti, E. (2003). "Clifford Truesdell (1919–2000), Historian of Mathematics". Journal of Elasticity. 70: 15–22. doi:10.1023/B:ELAS.0000005636.90348.2b.
^ Serrin, J. (2005). "An Appreciation of Clifford Truesdell". The Rational Spirit in Modern Continuum Mechanics. pp. 31–38. doi:10.1007/1-4020-2308-1_4. ISBN 1-4020-1828-2.
^ Speiser, D. (2003). "Clifford A. Truesdell's Contributions to the Euler and the Bernoulli Edition". Journal of Elasticity. 70: 39–53. doi:10.1023/B:ELAS.0000005663.42447.08.
^ Ball, J. M.; James, R. D. (2002). "The Scientific Life and Influence of Clifford Ambrose Truesdell III" (PDF). Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis. 161: 1–26. Bibcode:2002ArRMA.161....1B. doi:10.1007/s002050100178.
^ Truesdell, C. (1984). An idiot's fugitive essays on science: methods, criticism, training, circumstances. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-90703-3. page 422
^ Remembering Clifford Truesdell Archived 2007-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, from Turin's Accademia delle Scienze
^ Coleman, B. D. (2003). "Memories of Clifford Truesdell". Journal of Elasticity. 70: 1–3. doi:10.1023/B:ELAS.0000005576.29772.a7.
^ Noll, W. (2003). "The Genesis of Truesdell's Nonlinear Field Theories of Mechanics". Journal of Elasticity. 70: 23–30. doi:10.1023/B:ELAS.0000005581.36943.75.
^ See "A Comment on Scientific Writing" in Truesdell (1984).
^ Lavenda, Bernard (1978). Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes. Macmillan Press.
^ a b Müller, Ingo (2007). A History of Thermodynamics: the Doctrine of Energy and Entropy. Springer.
^ Müller, Ingo (1972). "On the frame dependence of stress and heat flux". Archive for rational mechanics and analysis. 45 (4): 241–250. Bibcode:1972ArRMA..45..241M. doi:10.1007/BF00251375.
^ Truesdell, Clifford (1976). "Correction of two errors in the kinetic theory of gases which have been used to cast unfounded doubt upon the principle of material frame-indifference". Meccanica. 11 (4): 196–199. doi:10.1007/BF02128292.
^ http://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/traditions/prizes/honorary-doctorates/
^ Friedman, Bernard (1948). "Review: An essay towards a unified theory of special functions, by C. Truesdell" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 56 (3): 268–269. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1950-09382-3.
^ Bloom, Frederick (1981). "Review: A first course in rational continuum mechanics, by C. Truesdell" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.). 5 (3): 359–364. doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-1981-14957-0.
^ McVittie, G. C. (1954). "Review: Vorticity and the thermodynamic state in a gas flow, by C. Truesdell" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 60 (5): 493–494. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1954-09843-9.
^ McVittie, G. C. (1955). "Review: The kinematics of vorticity, by C. Truesdell" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 61 (4): 356–358. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1955-09945-2.
^ Struik, D. J. (1955). "Review: Rational fluid mechanics, 1687–1765, by C. Truesdell" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 61 (5): 451–454. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1955-09952-x.
^ Channell, D. F.; Truesdell, C. (1982). "The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics, 1822-1854". Technology and Culture. 23 (1): 104–106. doi:10.2307/3104457.
Becchi, Antonio; Corradi, Massimo; Foce, Federico; Pedemonte, Orietta, eds. (2003), Essays on the History of Mechanics: In Memory of Clifford Ambrose Truesdell and Edoardo Benvenuto, Basel–Boston–Berlin: Birkhäuser Verlag, p. 256, doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8091-6, ISBN 3-7643-1476-1, MR 2052763 .
Buchwald, Jed Z.; Cohen, I. Bernard (March 2001), "Eloge: Clifford Truesdell, 1919-2000", Isis, 92 (1): 123–125, doi:10.1086/385042, JSTOR 237329 .
Ignatieff, Yurie A.; Heike Willig (1999). Clifford Truesdell: Eine wissenschaftliche Biographie des Dichters, Mathematikers und Naturphilosophen. Aachen: Shaker Verlag. ISBN 3-8265-4804-3.
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Clifford Truesdell", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Truesdell&oldid=897075796"


text:
Q: Sums of Commutators in a Group Ring Let $G$ be some group, and let $\Bbb{C}G$ denote the complex group ring over $G$. Let $x,y \in \Bbb{C}G$, and define $[x,y] := xy-yx$ to be a (ring) commutator in $\Bbb{C}G$. Let $K$ be collection of all sums of commutators. I am reading a paper in which the authors claim that any element in $K$ takes the form
$$\displaystyle \sum_{j,k} a_{jk} g_k^{-1} w_j g_k$$
for some $w_j , g_k \in G$ and $a_{jk} \in \Bbb{C}$ with $\sum_{k} a_{jk}=0$ for every $j$.
I tried proving this several times, but I always end up with some truly dreadful (triple) sums. See page 9 of this paper if you need more information, or are curious how this little question connects to operator algebras. How does one go about proving the claim?

A: Consider a "pure" commutator $[g,h]=gh-hg$ for $g,h\in G$. Then you can write
$$gh-hg=h^{-1}(hg)h - g^{-1}(gh)g$$
which is of the form of your claim. If now you have to deal with a sum of pure commutators
$$\sum_{j,k}a_{jk}[g_k,h_j]$$
then you repeat the procedure above for every pure commutator
$$\sum_{j,k}a_{jk}[g_k,h_j] = \sum_{j,k}a_{jk}\left(h_j^{-1}(h_jg_k)h_j - g_k^{-1}(g_kh_j)g_k\right)$$
and the resulting sum of coefficients is always $0$ because every coefficient appears once with positive sign and once with negative. Finally, if you have a sum of arbitrary commutators,
$$\sum_{j,k}a_{j,k}[x_k,y_j]$$
for $x_k,y_j\in\mathbb{C}G$ then you observe that any such commutator can be written as sum of pure commutators by bilinearity of the commutator:
$$[x,y] = \left[\sum_{i} x_ig_i, \sum_{l}y_lh_l\right] = \sum_{i,l}x_iy_l[g_i,h_l],$$
and you are in the same situation as before.

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rodent mask info Copyright © 2019.


text:
Mobile home firm driving forward
AN INNOVATIVE idea is set to change the face of the mobile home industry after help from a business support network.
Jenny Waddington
Jeff Bull, from Baginton in Coventry, formed mobile home and caravan modification company – Coachbuilt GB – after many years working in the manufacture of caravans and motor homes at Avondale Caravans.
His new company, based on Avenue Road in Nuneaton, provides bespoke alterations to new and used touring caravans, motor homes and static caravans in order to assist those with disabilities or people who require alterations to the standard models of homes for professional or sporting purposes.
Mr Bull identified a gap in the market for a modification service during his time with Avondale but initially struggled to convince caravan manufacturers to share his vision.
However, after approaching Tim Powell, senior executive for the Access to Finance programme at the University of Warwick Science Park, the business began to take shape.
The Science Park offers a number of business support services including Ignite, specifically designed to assist start-ups, and Minerva a business angel network that aims to help small and medium size businesses with high-growth potential access the support they need to fulfil their promise.
Mr Bull said: "A small number of caravan and motor homes are available with standard set layouts for disabled people but I was highly critical of that concept as every disabled person is an individual with individual needs.
"I knew from my time in the industry it is difficult from a financial or a time point of view for manufacturers to produce bespoke models but I saw that as an opportunity to be exploited. At first the industry was not very receptive to the idea, but with the help of The University of Warwick Science Park I was able to prove the concept worked.
"Our challenge was all about changing the hearts and minds of people in the industry and without the support of Tim Powell we would have found it 100 times harder to get off the ground."
The company has launched website www.coachbuiltgb.co.uk and is now receiving orders from as far afield as Scotland.
It has also gained accreditation from several major caravan manufacturers and has performed work ranging from introducing wheelchair access and altering the layout of washrooms to installing a garage at the rear of a mobile home.
Mr Powell, who heads the Minerva Business Angel Network in Coventry, said: "Jeff has come up with a concept and business proposition that we felt had potential to be commercially viable and importantly would employ local skilled people. The example of Coachbuilt GB proves that if you have a good idea and the right support it is possible to achieve success."


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Interspar inaugurates its new concept store in Carpi, Italy
The Italian retailer and Arneg refrigeration together for a better quality of life
Thursday, June 20th was a very special day for Aspiag Service...but also for Arneg!
In Carpi (Mo), Italy it has been inaugurated the new Interspar concept store: a totally new store characterized by an eco-sustainable concept based on fresh and bio products, considered by many as source of inspiration for all contemporary large-scale retailing.
The superstore, with a sales area of 2.500 square meters and with about 30.000 total references, represents for the community of Carpi and the surrounding area a new way of shopping, where services and products are closer to man and nature, making the purchase not only a simple action, but a real well-being experience.
Bio and fresh products, displayed in dedicated departments, new areas with unique atmospheres, almost resembling small village shops, are combined with completely sustainable energy solutions.
In addition, a totally innovative visual communication joins all these elements making the store communicating with the customer in a simple, direct and at the same time playful way. Through video walls and special multicolor graphics, present throughout the store, the customer can be guided in the different departments and facilitated in the products choice.
To create this new, green, clear and high quality shopping experience, Aspiag Service has chosen, once again, Arneg Group as refrigeration partner. For the occasion, Arneg has supplied the store with: new refrigerated counters characterized by a special embossed paint finish, pleasant to the touch and especially designed for the superstore; Incold cold rooms and Arneg CO2 refrigeration systems in line with the sustainability values of the new store concept.
Walking around the different shops of the store, it is possible to find: the furniture line MELK, both in the counter and in the semi-vertical version, mainly dedicated to display meat; the counter HALIFAX ideal for fresh fish; the DAYTONA and the VELDEN semi-vertical cabinet used for the self-service of cold cuts and cheeses; the vertical multi-deck LISBONA 2 dedicated to fruit, vegetables and the whole bio products; the vertical glass doors SANTIAGO 2 ideal to store dairy and "ready-to-eat" products and ASTANA 4P for frozen foods; finally the MINI ARKA TWIN 4P and RODI islands.
All the Arneg equipment offers a high load capacity, wide product visibility and, above all, great energy efficiency. In particular, the energy efficiency is given by the recovery of the heat produced by the cabinets, which is entirely reused for the production of hot water for sanitary use and for air conditioning.
Behind the scenes, to support all the architecture of the refrigeration, there is BOOSTER, the CO2 refrigeration system, able to combine the refrigeration for medium and low temperature on the same frame.
This collaboration between the world of refrigeration and large-scale retailing confirms once again that the path to follow for ensuring a better quality of life is made of respect for nature, transparency and enhancement of quality raw materials.
This is a precious heritage to be preserved not only for today's consumers, but above all for future generations.
>> See the complete photogallery
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Office 327 - 1 Bridgeway


Like its predecessor - the 2006 Hairy Tooth Fairy - this Argentine children's film combines CG-animated characters and live action human actors. It continues the tale of Perez, the sweet-natured, talking mouse whose nighttime job involves slipping into the bedrooms of young children, collecting the baby teeth under their pillows, and depositing coins in return. But that only represents half of his obligations; during the day, he works on a pearl ship, and the demands of two careers threaten to push him to the brink of exhaustion. Then, one night, Perez risks being found out when he slips into the room of Lucas and discovers that the little boy is both awake and waiting for him. With no other options, Perez waits for Lucas to fall asleep, and dozes off himself; he's then discovered by an attractive female mouse, Lola, who lives in Lucas's residence. The two escape from the bedroom together and forge a fast bond, and Lola teaches Perez salsa and bachata dancing; meanwhile, a vile showbusiness producer named Gil Penkoff devises a crazy scheme that involves capturing Perez, making a spectacle out of him, and turning a profit off of him. To accomplish this goal, Penkoff strikes a deal with Lucas, so eager to catch a glimpse of Perez that he agrees to set a trap for the poor mouse the next time one of his teeth falls out.