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Potent antitrypanosomal activities of 3-aminosteroids against African trypanosomes: investigation of cellular effects and of cross-resistance with existing drugs
Cite this record
Nnadi, C., Ebiloma, G. U., Black, J. A., Nwodo, N., Lemgruber, L., Schmidt, T. J. and De Koning, H. P. (2019) Potent antitrypanosomal activities of 3-aminosteroids against African trypanosomes: investigation of cellular effects and of cross-resistance with existing drugs. Molecules, 24(2), 268. (doi:10.3390/molecules24020268) (PMID:30642032)
Treatment of animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) requires urgent need for safe, potent and affordable drugs and this has necessitated this study. We investigated the trypanocidal activities and mode of action of selected 3-aminosteroids against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The in vitro activity of selected compounds of this series against T. congolense (Savannah-type, IL3000), T. b. brucei (bloodstream trypomastigote, Lister strain 427 wild-type (427WT)) and various multi-drug resistant cell lines was assessed using a resazurin-based cell viability assay. Studies on mode of antitrypanosomal activity of some selected 3-aminosteroids against Tbb 427WT were also carried out. The tested compounds mostly showed moderate-to-low in vitro activities and low selectivity to mammalian cells. Interestingly, a certain aminosteroid, holarrhetine (10, IC50 = 0.045 ± 0.03 µM), was 2 times more potent against T. congolense than the standard veterinary drug, diminazene aceturate, and 10 times more potent than the control trypanocide, pentamidine, and displayed an excellent in vitro selectivity index of 2130 over L6 myoblasts. All multi-drug resistant strains of T. b. brucei tested were not significantly cross-resistant with the purified compounds. The growth pattern of Tbb 427WT on long and limited exposure time revealed gradual but irrecoverable growth arrest at ≥ IC50 concentrations of 3-aminosteroids. Trypanocidal action was not associated with membrane permeabilization of trypanosome cells but instead with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and G2/M cell cycle arrest which appear to be the result of mitochondrial accumulation of the aminosteroids. These findings provided insights for further development of this new and promising class of trypanocide against African trypanosomes.
This research was funded by a fellowship for C.O.N. from the Federal Government of Nigeria through the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) and the University of Nigeria Nsukka to conduct his doctoral studies at WWU Münster and by a short-term scientific mission (STSM) grant from COST action CM1307 for C.O.N. to perform the studies described here at the University of Glasgow.
Black, Dr Jennifer and Nnadi, Mr Charles and De Koning, Professor Harry and Ebiloma, Godwin Unekwuojo and Lemgruber Soares, Dr Leandro
Nnadi, C., Ebiloma, G. U., Black, J. A., Nwodo, N., Lemgruber, L., Schmidt, T. J., and De Koning, H. P.
College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation
Copyright © 2019 The Authors
First published in Molecules 24(2): 268
Reproduced under a Creative Commons License
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Mr Alastair Arthur


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ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
In the historical background, Statistics were collected for the Human population, Agriculture, land records, taxes, and drought assertion since King's rule itself. In the period of British rule, statistics were collected mainly for the purpose of tax collection.
When Statistics was introduced in the period of 1922, only Agricultural statistics, weekly retails prices and weather reports had been collected. But after the World War II, the production of some important commodities, transportation, Stock, prices and food deficit had been collected.
Data collection played a role in the preparation of five year plans and for the Central and State Governments planning.
Also, in the data collection of agricultural and economical statistics, this Department involved in full
In the State Government
Department of Economics and Statistics serves as a nodal agency for the State Agriculture Statistics.
It involved in the Data collection, Compilation and Research activities.
Reports have been published on the basis of data collected in the fields of Agriculture, Industry and Prices.
This Department plays a major role in the Structure of Department of Economics and Statistics
The Department of Economics and Statistics was introduced in Tamil Nadu in 1953 only when Tamil Nadu was created based on the linguistic. In other States it was introduced before the Independence of India.
Thiru.N.K.Athyanthaya was the First Director of this Department.
In 1953, this Department was created in South Arcot District. After, this Department started to work since 1956-57 in all the Districts of Tamil Nadu and since 1964-65 in all the Taluk level and from 01.09.1981 in Block levels. Since 1988, this Department functions under the Planning and Development Department in the name of Department of Economics and Statistics from 08.02.1996. The Head of the Departments is the Commissioner/Director in the State level. Three Additional Directors are functioning for the Schemes and Administration to assist the Commissioner/Director of this Department.
In 2013, for easy administration, the State has been divided into six regions and for each region one Regional Joint Director has been posted as a head for the regions.
District Level
In Districts, this Department is headed by the District Deputy Director of Statistics as a Pay Drawing Officer. In order to assist the District Deputy Director, District level office is having 3 Statistical Officers (one for Administration, one for Schemes and another for Computer), 2 Statistical Inspectors and with Ministerial Staffs.
For each and every Revenue Divisions in the district, one Divisional Assistant Director of Statistics and one Divisional Statistical Inspector are involved in governing the Block level statisticians.
From 1964 to 1981 one Statistical Inspector headed in Taluk level but since 01.09.1981, on the basis of the importance of collecting data in micro level, one Statistical Inspector is appointed in each block and they are implementing various schemes in block level.
Various Schemes implemented by this Department
National Sample Survey
National Sample Survey (NSS) headed by a Director General is responsible for the conduct of large scale sample surveys in diverse fields of All India basis. Primarily data are collected through nation-wide household surveys on various Socio-economic subjects, Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) etc., Besides these surveys, NSS collects data on rural and urban prices and plays a significant role in the improvement of crop statistics through supervision of the area enumeration and crop estimation survey of the state agencies. It also maintains a frame of urban area units for use in sample surveys in urban areas.
This scheme is implemented once in 6 months or once in a year by field officials.
The Central Government of India has introduced various schemes to help people with different incomes avail a home loan or buy their own house. To achieve, in national level various data on housing in both private and public are being collected annually.
IAY, PMAY and Green houses are introduced based on these data only.
HSUI
HSUI is internationally considered to be one of the leading economic indicators. It captures the movement of the economy and reflects the phase of the business cycle-boom or recession. Taking into account of the importance of HSUI for Indian economy, NBO in collaboration with Reserve Bank of India is currently engaged in development and operationalising HSUI for the first time in the Country.
The data collected through this scheme are supportive in the fields of building construction and real estate.
The new series of WPI with base 2011-12 is effective from April 2017. Data for WPI (2011-12) has however been provided from April 2012 to March 2017 for the purpose of Research and analysis only. Linking factor given for conversation of WPI (2011-12) indices to WPI (2004-05) Series should be used from April 2017 onwards.
WPI captures the average movement of wholesale prices of goods and is primarily used as a GDP deflator. WPI (2011-12) reckons only basic prices and does not include taxes, rebate/trade discounts, transport and other charges.
IIP
The Index of Industrial Production is an index for India which details out the growth of various sectors in an economy such as mineral mining, electricity and manufacturing. The All India IIP is a composite indicator that measures the short-term changes in the volume of production of a basket of industrial products during a given period with respect to that in a chosen base period. It is compiled and published monthly by the National Statistics Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation six weeks after the reference month ends.
In Tamil Nadu, the production related commodities data are being collected and IIP is being collected every month which are used in 21 different Organisations including Reserve Bank of India.
Group Insurance Scheme
This scheme is a welfare scheme. This scheme is similar to the Family Benefit Fund Scheme for the non-provisionalised employees of Local Bodies, Village Panchayat, Aided Schools, Aided Colleges, Noon Meal Centre and Aided Technical Institutions.
Block, District, Municipal, Corporation and State Level Handbook.
Various important data are collected from all blocks, municipalities, Corporations, District Departments which are compiled and published as a State Statistical handbook by the Abstract Section.
These data are utilized by the Economists, Researchers, Research Scholars in Institutions, for the Politicians and for the general public. This includes Populations statistics, agriculture statistics, Industries, Education, health, Electricity Consumption, Prices and Commerce etc.
The industrial sector is one of the important sectors of the Indian economy and hence compilation of industrial statistics assumes a crucial importance, both for research and policy-making. The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of Ind strial Statistics in India. Till ASI 2009-10, the survey was conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act 1953 and Rules framed there under in 1959 except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is conducted under the Jammu& Kashmir Collection of Statistics Act 1961 and Rules framed there under in 1964.
From ASI 2010-11 onwards, the survey is being conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics (COS) Act, 2008 and the rules framed there-under in 2011except in the State of Jammu & Kashmir where it is being conducted under the J&K Collection of Statistics Act, 2010 and rules framed there under in 2012. The Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 has been amended in 2017 as Collection of Statistics (Amendment) Act, 2017 which extends the coverage to All India. Presently, ASI 2019-20 is being conducted under this amendment.
State Income
The State Income Division annually estimates State Domestic Product and District Domestic Product (Current and Constant Prices) using the concepts and methodology prescribed by the Central Statistics Office under the system of National Accounts (SNA). The work relating to the economic classification of State expenditure including Government undertakings and Local Bodies and preparation of standard tables on regional accounts and Capital Formation are also undertaken by this division. State Income is the measurement, in monetary terms of all the goods and services that an economy within the geographical boundaries of the State, without duplication within a given period of time, generally a year. All Economic activities including items like agricultural crops, livestock products, fisheries, forest products, manufacture of materials in the registered and unregistered sectors, construction of buildings, roads etc. and service like medical and educational services, domestic services, hotels, trade, transport and public services etc. Production, receipts, expenditure, services of these industries are analysed through the methodology followed by National Accounts Division, CSO for sector wise GSDP estimates.
The objective of the Scheme is to attend the work of Economic and purpose classification of Tamil Nadu Budget every year and to analyse the annual audited accounts of various items of Receipts and Expenditure of Local Bodies such as Municipal Corporations and Municipalities, Panchayat unions, Town Panchayats according to their economic significance as recommended by Regional Accounts Committee, New Delhi. Economic and Purpose Classification of Annual Audited Accounts give a comprehensive picture of all economic activities and serve as a feed back system to Government. The reports are very useful to the Planners, Administrators, Economists and Research Scholars.
Capital Formation
Capital Formation Capital formation refers to the growth of productivity capacity in different sectors of the Economy during a given period. The objective of the Scheme is to estimate the Gross Fixed Capital Formation for Tamil Nadu in both Public and Private Sectors annually. The estimates of Gross Fixed Capital Formation from private and public Sectors based on the methodology furnished by the Central Statistical Organisation, Government of India.
Market Intelligence and Prices
A Scheme for improvement of Market Intelligence is being implemented for obtaining the necessary information from important Market Centres all over the State. The scheme requires rapid processing, analyzing and presenting the price data in an appropriate manner so as to enable the Government to keep a careful day to day watch over the changing price situation and to take corrective measures whenever necessary. Market Intelligence pertains to information on Prices, Arrivals, Despatches, Stocks, Market sentiments etc., in respect of all important commodities for which large scale transactions takes place at 96 selected Centres in Tamil Nadu. Accurate price data and other market information are required for formulation of policies in matters relating to Price control, Price support, Fixation of prices during procurement, Construction of Cost of Living Indices and Wholesale, Rural and Urban Price Indices. The price data are also used in the estimation of State Income.
Whole time technical Statistical personnel posted in the 22 Market Centres are entrusted with the task of collection of prices and to study market sentiments. The Price Collector collects data on Arrivals, Despatches and Stocks of commodities by verifying the records of the important merchants and millers, supplemented by tactful oral enquiries.
Wholesale and Retail prices are obtained by actually visiting the market during the peak marketing period of the day and observing a few major transactions supplemented with oral enquiries from several dealers in the market.
General Crop Estimation Survey
Crop cutting experiments are conducted on major 16 crops to assess the average yield.
To estimate the average yield per hectare of individual crops for the districts and for the state as a whole with a reasonable degree of precision.
To estimate the production for the individual district and for the State
Size of Experimental Plots:
5m X 5m – for Paddy, Groundut, Millets, Sugarcane (1/400th of an hectare)
10m X 5m – for Pulses, Cotton, Gingelly, Sunflower (1/200th of an hectare)
3 types of Forms, viz., Form I, Form II, Form III
Form I gives information regarding the experimental plot selected and the details relating to agricultural practices adopted in the field.
Form II is intended for details relating to the harvested produce.
Details of driage operations are collected in Form III.
Crop Estimation Survey on Fruits and Vegetables
Crop cutting experiments conducted for 8 major Fruit Crops: Banana, Mango, Guava, Jack, , Lemon and Grape, and 5 Vegetable Crops: Cabbage, Lady's finger, Brinjal, Sweet Potato and Tomato.
Recorded area in the Adangal for the crop selected for the Survey
Villages are selected in proportion to area under each crop in the taluk
Two gardens
Two experimental plots are chosen.
A piece of land with a minimum number of nine fruit trees
Planted in an order
Bearing Tree: Tree of fruit bearing age, which had either borne fruits anytime in the past or during the season.
Non-Bearing Tree:
Does not show flower
Not attained bearing age during enumeration
Reached the bearing age, not found bearing fruit due to disease, old age, etc.,
To arrive at reliable estimation of average yield per hectare and production estimates of each crop both at district and State level.
Collection of ancillary information on cultivation practices like irrigation, manuring, high yielding varieties etc.
In addition, in respect of fruit trees, the following aspects also been covered.
Estimation of number of bearing and non-bearing trees,
Estimation of average yield per bearing tree
Crop Estimation Survey on Minor Crops
Crop cutting experiments conducted for 8 minor crops, Chillies, Turmeric, Tapioca, Coriander, Ginger, Onion, Potato and Cashewnut.
To assess average per hectare and production.
Manuring, high yielding varieties, agricultural practices.
Crop Estimation Survey on Coconut and Arecanut
Area and Production estimates for coconut in one village 2 experiments in each Block.
To estimate total number of palms of coconut
To estimate average number of bearing and non-bearing palms of coconut/arecanut per hectare
To estimate average yield per palm of coconut/arecanut
To access information on agricultural practices – manuring-Irrigation – Disposal of produce etc.,
Procedures as followed in general Crop Estimation Survey
One Village, Two Garden/grove
25 and above , three rows
Agriculture wage and C&A work is carried out in the same village
Approximate month of harvest to be recorded
Plan the work according to the month of harvest
Direct observation to be made during any one of the harvests
Avoid the garden/grove if it has non-bearing tress entirely. If the entire trees in the garden not attained the age of grove need not be considered
Then select next grove
Alternative villages may be selected when the crops are not grown
For coconut in numbers
For arecanut, unpeeled green nuts to be weighed for each harvest –The unit is in Kg.
The Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme was implemented from 1985-86 to 1999-2000 Kharif season which was sponsored by Government of India.
Thereafter Government of India sponsored National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) from 2000 Rabi season onwards. Modified NAIS implemented from 2011-12 Rabi season on trial basis in three districts namely Namakkal, Cuddalore and Sivagangai at village level upto 2014-15 Kharif season.
Now, the village level coverage is proposed to extend all districts under a new scheme namely Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). The chief objectives of PMFBY are as follows:
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) aims at supporting sustainable production in agriculture sector by way of
Providing financial support to farmers suffering crop loss / damage arising out of unforeseen events
Stabilising the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming
Encouraging farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices
Ensuring flow of credit to the agriculture sector, which will contribute to food security, crop diversification and enhancing growth and competitiveness of agricultural sector besides protecting farmers from production risks?
Role of DES under proposed PMFBY:
The role played by DES in NAIS as stated above is further extended to village level under PMFBY with the same pattern of work.
The number of experiments has gone up from 9788 to 119026 from the year 1985-86 to 2015-16 already. In the event of implementing PMFBY, the number of crop cutting experiments is expected to cross 2.40 lakhs.
The scheme is expected to:
Be a critical instrument of development in the field of crop production, providing financial support to the farmers in the event of crop failure.
Encourage farmers to adopt progressive farming practices and higher Technology in Agriculture.
Help in maintaining flow of Agricultural credit.
Providing significant benefits not merely to the insured farmers, but to the entire community directly and indirectly through spillover and multiplier effects in terms of maintain production and employment generation of market fees, taxes etc and net accretion of economic growth.
Streamline loss assessment procedures and help in building up huge and accurate statistical base for crop production. The indemnity payable to the farmers is decided on the basis of Block level average yield of the crops determined through crop cutting experiments conducted on the notified Blocks/Districts.
Crop cutting experiments conducted on 24 crops for estimating Village/ Firkka level average yield for payment of indemnity to affected farmers for the year 2016 onwards.
On receipt of the notification of crops along with Firkas / Blocks / Districts from the Agriculture Department, the Department of Economics and Statistics take follow up action for Planning and Organization of the Crop Cutting Experiments.
Providing insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crops due to natural calamities viz. drought, flood etc. and to restore credit worthiness of farmers after a crop failure.
Encouraging the farmers to adopt progressive farming practices.
To support and stimulate production of food crops and non food crops.
Selections:
As per the guidelines of Government of India from the year 2000-2001 under National Agricultural Insurance Scheme results are estimated on the basis of single series system combining the results of General Crop Estimation survey & National Agricultural Insurance Scheme.
A minimum of 10/18 crop cutting experiments are planned and conducted under each notified crop at the Firka/Block levels respectively.
Under MNAIS, a minimum of 4 experiments are planned and conducted at village level for all the notified crops except groundnut crop. For groundnut crop 8 experiments are planned and conducted in all the notified villages.
Now, the Crop cutting experiments conducted on 24 crops for estimating Village/ Firka level average yield for payment of indemnity to affected farmers for the year 2016 onwards under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana Scheme (PMFBY)
The Department of Economics and Statistics undertakes the selection of sample villages, supervision, scrutiny, processing and tabulation of the data collected from the field and furnish the Firka/Block/Village-wise average yield estimates to the Insurance Companies and the State Government within the cut off dates prescribed for each crops.
The field work is attended by the Assistant Agricultural Officers of the Agriculture / Horticulture & Plantation Crops Departments in the districts with the necessary technical assistance from Block Statistical Inspectors, Statistical Officers and Divisional Assistant Director of Statistics under the supervision of Deputy Directors in the District and Regional Joint Directors at the Regional level.
The Government of Tamilnadu is contributing 50% share through the Tamil Nadu Crop Insurance Fund Committee.
18. Agricultural Census
11th Agricultural Census has commenced. Collection of data on the type of holdings and holder's social status, land use, irrigation status, cropping pattern, tenancy status, livestock, agriculture machinery and implements, use of fertilizers, etc., is carried out.
Agriculture Census in India is conducted quinquennially.
The reference period in 11th Agriculture Census is the agriculture year e., from July 2020 to June 2021.
To provide statistical data on operational holdings, operated area, land utilization, live-stock, agricultural machinery and implements, use of fertilizers etc.
To provide data needed for formulating new agricultural development programme and for evaluating their progress.
To provide basic framework of operational holdings and its characteristics for carrying out future agriculture surveys.
To lay basis for developing integrated programme for current agricultural statistics.
Operational Holdings
All land which is used wholly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one technical unit by one person alone or with others without regard to title, legal form, size of location.
Technical Units
A technical unit has been defined as that unit which is under the same management and has the same means of production such as labour force, machinery and animals.
Operated Area
Operated area would include both cultivated and uncultivated area, provided part of it is put to agricultural production during the reference period
The Operated area may be comprise of
a) Land owned and self operated
b) Land Leased in
c) Land otherwise operated
L1 Schedule
In this schedule, the list of operational holders residing & operating within the village and outside the same taluk is collected.
In this schedule, the list of non resident operational holders operating within the sample village are collected.
In this schedule, the village summary for the purpose of tallying the figures of Operational holdings at village level and also other basic infrastructure facilities in the village are compiled, for the third time since the inception of the Agriculture Census.
T1 Schedule
In this main schedule (abstract of one village), the number and area of operational holdings according to sex, major size classes, social groups and types of holdings are computed.
H Schedule
In this schedule, the details of operational holdings i.e., land utilization, sources of irrigation, type of crops grown etc., are collected on sampling basis.
FARMERS PROFILE :
Marginal Farmers : land below one hectare
Small Farmers: between one and two hectares
Semi‐medium Farmers : between two and four hectares
Large farmers : land more than ten hectares
Medium Farmers : land between four and ten hectares
AGRICULTURE CENSUS OUTPUT
Number of operational holdings by size class, social group, gender and infrastructural facilities
Number and area by tenancy status, terms of lease, land use, irrigation status and source of irrigation, cropping pattern
Area under multiple cropping, application of fertilizers, seed variety, livestock and agricultural machineries and equipments
Improvement of Crop Statistics
The main objective of the scheme is to attempt jointly by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) and the State Agricultural Statistics Authority (SASA) to undertake about sample checks over the primary field work done by VAO's and to effect improvements in the quality of primary data in respect of both crop-area and yield estimation surveys in the
The scheme is further expected to provide the basis for determining the precise lines on which the improvement in the crop estimation system would require to be effected.
This scheme locates deficiencies in the system of collection of agricultural statistics by supervising Village Administrative Officer's work.
Timely Reporting Scheme
TRS Scheme was introduced in Tamil Nadu during the year 1972-73 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperation.
Stratified Uni-stage Random Sampling design with the Block as Stratum is adopted for village selection.
On Sampling basis 20 percent villages are selected randomly every year. Hence, once in five years all the villages in the State will be covered under TRS.
Based on the 20 percent sample data, total area for each of the nine principal crops for each season are being estimated by adopting Unbiased Sampling method.
Land use statistics collected in 20% sample villages every year to estimate the area under high yielding and native crop varieties and the area under irrigation.
Data relating to Land Use Statistics under nine-fold classification were collected from the Village records for the previous one year under TRS. Based on these data, estimates of area for the current year under nine-fold classification were projected.
Duration of various seasons are as follows:
Season Duration Months
Kharif 4 months July to October
Rabi 3 months November to January
Summer 2 months February & March
Rainfall Statistics
Rainfall data is collected from 21 manual rain gauge stations in each block and monthly, seasonal, annual rainfall statistics are compiled.
Irrigation Statistics
Cropped area and source-wise Irrigation intensity, area irrigated for major crops.
Agricultural Wages
Agricultural Wage constitute a major item in the cost of production – To assess the trend of cost of agricultural production
To estimate the average rates of daily wages paid to different categories of agricultural laborers.
To build up indices and measure changes in their wage rate at monthly intervals.
The details are collected in the villages in the districts, where Coconut and Arecanut survey is carried out.
Here, a village for each block is selected at random from the TRS Village list.
Block Statistical Inspectors are responsible for this item of work.
BSI's to collect the data during 4th Friday of each month
Classifications of Agricultural Labourers:
Field Labourers: Ploughman, Sowers, Pluckers, Transplanters. Reapers and Harvesters.
Other Agricultural Labourers: Watering of fields, carrying loads, digging wells, and other agricultural related.
Agricultural Wages are collected in all the blocks and index computed monthly.
Marketable Surplus
Quantity of Paddy available for sale after deducting the own consumption of cultivators and seed reserves.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Biogas Projects Show Promise for Power in the Developing World
Battambang, Cambodia and Santa Fe, Costa Rica [RenewableEnergyWorld.com] Europe, the U.S. and the rest of the developed world are bringing more and more renewable energy online everyday to offset the use of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases. Many of these projects are grid connected and are generally large in scale. Throughout the developing world on the other hand, fossil fuels are still the means by which most people get their energy. Projects in Cambodia and Costa Rica are trying to change that by showing people that the waste they generate can be used to fuel their homes and businesses.
SME Renewable Energy Ltd. (SME-RE) is a joint venture partnership of SME Cambodia, a Cambodian NGO promoting rural private sector development, and E+Co. Inc., a U.S. based non-profit, renewable-energy investment company. These systems produce a gas that replaces 75% – 100% of imported diesel and other fossil fuels on which most rural Cambodian enterprises still depend. The gasifiers use renewable, agricultural waste products such as rice husks, corn cobs, sugar cane "bagasse" or wood from local tree farms.
Small and medium sized enterprises, including rice mills, brick factories, ice plants, rural electricity enterprises and small grid electricity systems for remote villages, are prime targets for SME-RE's systems.
"It has been a tough, sometimes frustrating and slow process to introduce this new concept and method of energy production and convince very conservative Cambodian entrepreneurs such as rice millers," said Rin Seyha the Managing Director of SME-RE.
From 2004 to 2005 SME Cambodia supported visits by Cambodian rural entrepreneurs to India and Sri Lanka to see biomass gasification equipment at work in power plants and rice mills.
"Seeing the equipment actually operating is very important to Cambodian business owners who find this more convincing than listening to workshop presentations and taking the word of foreign experts. Seeing gasifiers in operation is necessary for Cambodians to accept that the technology really works. It helps them visualize how the equipment could be used in their own operations and appreciate the potential benefits of the technology in terms of reducing their energy costs and their dependence on expensive diesel fuel," Seyha said.
According to Mr. Song Hong, owner of the Seng Hong Rice Mill Ltd. in Battambang and President of the Battambang Rice Millers Association, "Most Cambodian family business men are not used to making investment decisions based strictly on numerical calculations, internal rates of return or long term returns on investment. They are used to working season by season and making do with whatever funds are available from their family networks. They just hope they can finish the season making a profit. Rice millers mostly strive just to obtain sufficient working capital to buy paddy rice to process in their mills."
Led by the example of Hong who was the first to buy a gasifier, and with the support of E+Co Inc. Cambodian millers have begun purchasing gasification systems. Installations and loans have steadily grown from one in 2006 to seven in 2007. SME-RE Ltd. has already received five more orders so far in 2008.
The accumulated value of these turn-key projects is now more than US $800,000. The loans financing these investments total more than US $500,000. Plans are being made to begin manufacturing system components within Cambodia. The market potential for the next three years is estimated to be 100 units.
In Camboia, a typical 2 ton/hour rice mill operating 10 hours per day for 25 days a month will save more than 60,000 liters of diesel worth about US $54,000 per year. For ice plants that operate 22 hours per day the benefits can be even greater.
"The economic benefit of using low cost biomass (e.g. rice husks already owned by the millers) or other locally grown agricultural waste that can substitute for 70% -75% of the diesel fuel bill, offers tremendous opportunity to reduce energy costs. Fuel is the largest single expense facing a mill next to the rice paddy itself. More than 70% of mill direct operating expenses are for fuel. The pay back period on these investments is typically between 1.5 to 3 years" said Tony Knowles, Director of SME-RE.
In Costa Rica, residents of Santa Fe are using biogas on a more personal level, for everyday cooking. The Santa Fe Biogas project, in its initial stages, was simply a long list of concerns in the community communicated at the Women's Group meetings.
"How can we avoid buying expensive tanks of gas or the inhalation of smoke in the kitchen?" the women asked themselves. Several women in the group had heard of farmers who use biogas as a solution to both problems. Biogas made from biodigesters that process manure are also able to convert manure into fertilizer. The Women's Group took advantage of a UN Women's Group Grant that would cover most of the expenses of a project that would supply a biodigester to the people in the community who were in need of one.
A biodigester being used in Santa Fe, Costa Rica
Credit: RuralCostaRica.com
The women quickly organized themselves to start learning about biodigester construction and maintenance with the help of the local Agriculture Ministry. Once they felt comfortable with the design they chose they started building their first prototype so that their grant proposal had a proven concept to show.
After submitting their proposal they were informed that out of the nine finalists, that their proposal was the one chosen for the grant. They organized the purchase and delivery of all the materials necessary to build the biodigesters. Each of the families that received materials built their own biodigesters with the expertise gained from the sessions with the Agriculture Ministry that the Women's Group organized. At the project's completion, all 16 biodigesters were built, offering energy independence to the rural families.
Vehicle to grid
Dominion raises the bar on its own goal, now pledges net zero emissions by 2050


In this generation greatly controlled by computers, individuals all around the world can virtually communicate. This helps established communication without the waste of time and other potential drawbacks. Due to the high demand of virtual conferencing, a lot of Teleconference Services Manchester NH are made. Building your own service, on the other hand, is not as difficult as long as there are guidelines to follow such as the ones below.
An agenda is made and viewed crucial because it enables clients to learn your roles, and allow them to make a decision whether to prioritize it or not. Establishing a great one also serves as a good way for preparation before a conference starts, therefore, reducing some inconsistencies along the way. Completing the requirements and managing things with precision would make the entire service effective, although this would require a lot of time.
Sharing the documents and important links ahead of time must be done and completed. Having too many surprises during a teleconference is not a good thing. Doing this activity allows the people to gain insight and build a realistic expectation of what will about to happen. When they go through all the files they can ask questions and could help create a good meeting all the way.
Be proactive since having this service might require you to constantly keep up with clients changing and irregular demands. Plenty of undesired and unexpected situations could intermittently happen in which some go beyond control and aggravate. To maintain a solid and longer lasting relationship, carefully deduce every possible strategy that works these days.
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The last thing that attendees would want to get involved is to be present on a background that has lots of noises and strange sounds. You have to make the teleconference noise free as much as possible. Any sudden interruption greatly affect the meeting flow and could also intercept with the people thoughts and sharing concerns. Use tools which can help dampen the noise.
Some of your clients might have troubles on certain areas, so it makes sense that you are able to clarify roles on their behalf. Do they have to listen or to fully communicate instead. Before you host and have a teleconference, allot time to discuss everything with the party involved. Give room for troubles and adjust every function to address the customize solutions.
With a good pre defined agenda, you are off to a great start. Its crucial to highlight every significant element which would make meeting smoother and efficient eventually. Build checklist which concerns all vital factors that are worth checking out for.
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Ten Years, Ten Things to Thank (and Curse) the iPhone for!
Calling it the Godphone might outrage the sensitivities of those truly religious, but there is no denying that the iPhone did turn the tech world on its head. And on the tenth anniversary of its formal unveiling, having used every iPhone since its launch, I look at ten ways in which it changed the phone-y world. No, it was not always for the better. But change it did!
No, the iPhone did not herald the touchscreen era in smartphones. Palm, Microsoft and even Nokia had touch-friendly UIs before the iPhone came along, but none of them worked as smoothly and speedily as the iPhone's did. In fact, almost all of its competitors were designed to work with a stylus – something that Jobs mocked famously in his iPhone presentation. The iPhone was the first touchscreen phone that anyone could use with minimum fuss, and without ever having to lug a stylus along.
Before the iPhone came along, zooming into an image or text generally involved double tapping the display or selecting an item from the menu or a magnifying glass and hoping that the software would do what you needed it to. It was a rather erratic process. With the iPhone, however, you could actually "pinch" your fingers to zoom in and out of content, a process that seemed far more intuitive and easy. The "pinch to zoom" is one of the most popular touchscreen device gestures today and it all really became popular with the iPhone.
Once again, Apple was not first off the mark with downloadable apps – Nokia, Palm and Microsoft had apps for their mobile OS platforms, and one could even go to websites and get Jar files for installing apps on their Java based phones, but with the App Store, the whole process became so much smoother and organised. With the App Store, you had a single, reliable source for accessing appiness and a very good collection of apps too.
Before the iPhone came along, getting a software update on your phone was generally a matter of quashing bugs or tackling problems. Rare was the case when your phone's OS could be updated to a new version complete with new features – Symbian Series 60 (2nd edition) users could not update their devices to Symbian Series 60 (3rd edition), for instance. All that changed with the arrival of the iPhone, where regular OS updates often with new features and functionality were the rule of the day. Oh and the OS updates were easily accessible and available for all available devices – an art Android is still struggling to master.
When the first iPhone came out, people changed SIM cards only when they stopped functioning or when they wanted one with more storage space on it (yes, latecomers, in 2007 people actually saved contacts and messages on SIM cards too!). However, the iPhone changed that trend, introducing new SIM card sizes as it kept trying to slim down and become more efficient – we had micro SIMs and then nano SIMS and users dutifully turned up at operator stores, asking for replacement SIMs. We bet they will the next time around as well.
Yes, there were phones with terrific cameras well before the first iPhone came out – the Nokia N95 and Sony's Sony Cyber-Shot series, to name a couple. But before the first iPhone came along, phone photography was always a slightly complex, laggy process if you wanted to take really good pictures. The iPhone changed all that with its incredibly simple and speedy interface. There have always been phones with cameras that could take better pictures but few can match the sheer consistency and ease of use that the iPhone's shooter delivers.
Removable battery? What removable battery!
In 2007, a removable battery was almost compulsory in most smartphones. How else would you restart the phone when it inevitably hung (and Symbian and BlackBerry phones hung with the regularity of convicts in Death Row)? So imagine the outcry when Apple released a phone whose battery could never be removed! Apple claimed the iPhone would not hang, and well, it surprisingly did not (it was not a regular event at any rate). The debate between removable and non-removable batteries continues to this day – LG made a big deal of the fact that the battery on its V20 was removable – but thanks to the iPhone, no one gets surprised when a battery is not removable in a phone.
Cut to 2007 and it was unforgivable if you could not get at least a day and a half's battery out of your smartphone – our E61i used to go close to two and a half days on a single charge. The iPhone however brought us to the age of "a recharge a day keeps the battery blues away." Blame it on the fact that you could do more on the device or the fact that the display was larger than most displays and very bright too, but the iPhone paved the way for the portable charger generation!
In a world that seems obsessed with spec sheets and benchmarks, the iPhone has always been a delightful aberration. It stubbornly resisted getting into HD and full HD territory for a while and even today, there is no official information about processor speed, RAM and the mAh count of its battery. That the phone remains the gold standard for its competition is a tribute to its performance, and one of the rare instances of experience trumping specs!
Yes, we know the iPhone did not trigger off the trend for premium priced phones (there were way more expensive phones around when it was launched and even today, there are phones in its price range), but unlike other brands which always had slightly more affordable devices and models around, the iPhone was always unabashedly high-end when it came to pricing.
Oh yes, we know we were supposed to talk on our phones, but with Siri, Apple made us talk to our iPhones. And quite often with results that were rather hilarious. Everyone poked fun at it. And then started copying it. Sounds familiar?
It has been a great decade, iPhone. Thanks for the blessings and damn and blast you for all the headaches.
Looking forward to more in the coming years.


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Man arrested for using phone line previously owned by Buhari's daughter sues DSS - The Cable

[QUOTE="ese, post: 459796, member: 3"]

Anthony Okolie, the man who was arrested for using a phone line previously owned by Hanan, daughter of President Muhammadu Buhari, has sued her and the Department of State Services (DSS) for N500m, according to The Punch.

Okolie was reportedly arrested in July in Asaba, Delta state, and spent about 15 weeks in custody before he was released in December.

In a suit filed by Tope Akinloye, his lawyer, before the federal high court in Asaba, Okolie also demanded N500m from Hanan and MTN.

In a supporting affidavit, he explained how he

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[QUOTE="ese, post: 459796, member: 3"] [B]Anthony Okolie, the man who was arrested for using a phone line previously owned by Hanan, daughter of President Muhammadu Buhari, has sued her and the Department of State Services (DSS) for N500m, according to [URL='https://punchng.com/sim-card-man-sues-buharis-daughter-dss-demands-n500m/']The Punch[/URL].[/B] Okolie was reportedly[B][URL='https://www.thecable.ng/report-dss-arrests-man-for-using-phone-line-previously-owned-by-buharis-daughter'] arrested[/URL][/B] in July in Asaba, Delta state, and spent about 15 weeks in custody before he was released in December. In a suit filed by Tope Akinloye, his lawyer, before the federal high court in Asaba, Okolie also demanded N500m from Hanan and MTN. In a supporting affidavit, he explained how he [ATTACH]215813[/ATTACH] [URL='https://www.thecable.ng/man-arrested-for-using-phone-line-previously-owned-by-buharis-daughter-sues-dss']read more[/URL] [/QUOTE]


Judy Garland and Gene Kelly star in MGM's "Summer Stock", released in 1950.
National Poetry Month: "Neil Young Goes on a Trip"
It opens wider than a chasm.
Each second he falls, time regresses.
Vids I Dig 010: Diversity & Cecil: 'The Wizard of Oz': Feminist Ideal or Just Two Chicks Fighting Over a Pair of Shoes?


A collection of some 700 experimental electron density profiles of the D and lower E regions of the ionosphere has been digitized and made computer-retrievable. The collection includes most of the profiles published in the journal or report literature. The data are available in the form of three computer files that give the conditions under which each profile was obtained, a full list of references from which the experimental data were extracted, and the digitized profiles themselves.


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EA: They're not loot boxes, they're "surprise mechanics," and they're "quite ethical"
EA's implementation of loot boxes has come under plenty of fire, even relative to the general outcry against the mechanic. The pushback against Battlefront 2 loot boxes was so intense that EA reworked the entire system, and the wild popularity of FIFA Ultimate Team means that it has gotten scrutiny even from watchdog groups and governmental organisations.
Kerry Hopkins, EA's VP of legal and government affairs, insists that the company's randomised purchases aren't loot boxes, but rather "surprise mechanics." In an oral evidence session with the UK Parliament's Digital, Culture, Media, and Sport Committee, Hopkins compares the mechanics to surprise toys, which have been around "for years, whether it's Kinder Eggs, or Hatchimals, or LOL Surprise."
In response to questions from Scottish National Party MP, Brendan O'Hara, Hopkins says "We do think the way that we have implemented these kinds of mechanics – and FIFA of course is our big one, our FIFA Ultimate Team and our packs – is actually quite ethical and quite fun, quite enjoyable to people.
"We do agree with the UK gambling commission, the Australian gambling commission, and many other gambling commissions that they aren't gambling, and we also disagree that there's evidence that shows it leads to gambling. Instead we think it's like many other products that people enjoy in a healthy way, and like the element of surprise."
Obviously, that also means that EA disagrees with the anti-loot box stance taken by Dutch and Belgian regulators. "They decided – the regulator, not the courts – decided that under their local law, these mechanics under certain circumstances violate the law."
Read more: Check out the best multiplayer games on PC
You can hear all these comments in full through the archive of the Parliament broadcast, starting at 15:43:15.
The UK government's investigation on gaming was announced earlier this year, and it concerns much more than just loot boxes – everything from game addiction to the ways the government can support the VR industry is on the list. Whether any legislative action results from these investigations remains to be seen.
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Assist and support the bureau team in responding to queries from clients and associated 3rd parties such as HMRC and DWP.


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Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water is a survival horror video game developed by Koei Tecmo. The fifth main entry in the Fatal Frame series, it was originally published by Nintendo for the Wii U in Japan in September 2014 and worldwide in October 2015. A remaster for eighth and ninth generation consoles and Windows, this time published by Koei Tecmo, was released worldwide in October 2021.

As with previous games in the series, players navigate areas filled with hostile ghosts which must be fought by taking photographs using the Camera Obscura, which is directly controlled using the Wii U GamePad. A post-endgame story featuring Ayane, a character from the company's Dead or Alive series, is also available featuring altered gameplay mechanics. The story, which is set on the fictional Hikami Mountain, focuses on three protagonists who are drawn into supernatural events revolving the area, including an ancient ritual to seal away the Black Water, a malevolent force corrupting the surrounding spirits that is tied to the fate of the titular shrine maiden Ose Kurosawa.

Planning for the game began in 2011, during production of the Wii remake of Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly. Series co-creator Keisuke Kikuchi proposed the project when he saw that the Wii U GamePad could be used as the Camera Obscura. Kikuchi and fellow co-creator Makoto Shibata returned to their respective posts of producer and director, together with staff from Mask of the Lunar Eclipse and developers new to the series. The cast went through several revisions during development, while the staff experimented with the capacities of the new hardware. Japanese singer Tsuki Amano returned from earlier entries to perform the theme song. Upon its original release, the game received mixed reviews. Reviewers greatly praised its use of the gamepad and dark atmosphere, while opinions were mixed on its story, pacing and controls. The remaster also received mixed reviews, though the Nintendo Switch version received considerably more praise than the other ports.

Gameplay

Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water is a survival horror video game that puts the player in control of three different characters traversing a number of environments across Hikami Mountain from a third-person perspective, including ruined buildings and dark forests. Characters navigate environments using an interactive map, and can either walk or perform a sprint. During exploration, the characters are confronted by hostile ghosts that attack and damage them through touch. If a ghost grabs the character, they can either dodge or break free from their grip.

The only means of defense and attack for the characters is the Camera Obscura, an antique camera that is used from a first-person perspective. The camera is controlled using the Wii U GamePad, with shots of varying proximity and angles affecting how much damage the ghost takes. The most damaging is a "fatal frame", which hits a ghost's weak spot. During combat, after a shot is taken, fragments of a ghost will appear around them.

Aside from the Camera Obscura, other factors are present in play. The characters can glimpse pieces of a ghost's past upon defeating them or when they launch a special attack. Characters can also concentrate on items in the environment related to missing people, generating a shade that leads them to the person's location. A wetness meter tracks how damp the character gets when navigating environments. The amount of wetness has positive and negative effects on the character: being wet increases the damage done by the Camera Obscura while increasing the number of ghosts present in an area and attacks causing more damage. In addition, characters can be inflicted with a status ailment from dark-colored ghosts or from a special attack: this ailment decreases vision and defense, and deteriorating health. The ailment is only lifted by defeating all the enemies in the area or using an item to remove all wetness.

In addition to the three main characters' story arcs, a special episode features Dead or Alive protagonist Ayane. Unlike the other characters, she does not have access to a Camera Obscura, so she must avoid ghosts. If she begins running or gets close to a ghost, they will attack. Ayane can use a special "script of hiding" to make herself temporarily invisible, and when she is caught, she can use a special item to throw back and stun them so she can escape.

Synopsis
Maiden of Black Water takes place on the fictional Hikami Mountain, a place infamous for suicides and spiritual happenings connected with local bodies of water. In the past, resident shrine maidens would use their mind-reading abilities to help guide people to a peaceful death. In time, they would grow too emotional to perform their abilities, and they would be sacrificed as an Eternal Flower to keep a malevolent otherworldly power called the Black Water at bay. The story follows three different protagonists: Yuri Kozukata, who has the ability to bring people back from the shadow world into the real world due to her descent from the Hikami shrine maidens; Ren Hojo, an author and friend of Yuri who goes to the mountain to research his new book; and Miu Hinasaki, the daughter of first Fatal Frame protagonist Miku Hinasaki.

Among the ghosts they encounter are Shiragiku, a young shrine maiden whose sacrifice has preserved her as a wandering spirit; and Kyozo Kururugi, a man who initially went to die on the mountain but developed an insane fear of the shrine maidens due to their mind-reading powers, killing many maidens and priests before committing suicide and becoming a hostile ghost. Many of those Kururugi slew became ghosts in their own right. The central story revolves around Ose Kurosawa, whose near-death experience had left her with powerful sixth sense abilities. Because of this, she became a shrine maiden and is chosen as an Eternal Flower. Prior to the ritual, her photograph was taken by Kunihiko Asou, creator of the Camera Obscura. They fell in love, and when the time came for the ritual, Ose's feelings for Kunihiko and the pain of the shrine maidens murdered by Kururugi caused the ritual to fail. The Black Water was unleashed and Ose became a hostile spirit that corrupted the mountain and its ghosts.

Miu, who initially goes there to help Yuri, sees a vision of her mother on the mountain. Later venturing there on her own, she learns that her father was Miku's dead brother Mafuyu. Miku goes to see her brother one last time, two endings play out. In the "Bad" ending, Miku goes into the afterlife to be with Mafuyu, leaving Miu all alone. In the "Good" ending, Miku is saved from the mountain's power by Miu.

Ren, while helping Yuri and Miu, regularly crosses paths with Shiragiku and learns that recurring dreams he has been having are the inherited memories of his ancestor Asou. Depending on his actions, he either unites or breaks up with Ose as Asou's present-day avatar, or puts Shiragiku to rest and returns to the living world.

Yuri's search through the mountain leads to her encountering many of the powerful ghosts and using her Camera Obscura to lay them to rest. Learning of Ose's history, she heads to a final confrontation with her. Depending on where she sees Ose, two endings play out. In the "Bad" ending, Yuri commits suicide with Ose and the curse goes on claiming more victims. In the "Good" ending, Yuri frees Ose from her duty, allowing her and the other spirits to pass on, while Yuri returns to the world of the living with Hisoka by her side. If the player gets the "Good" ending, a post-credits scene plays where Rui wakes up to find Ren in front of her, before he tells her he will remain by her side forever.

Development

The initial inspiration for the game came to series co-creator and producer Keisuke Kikuchi after the Wii U's introduction to the industry: similar to his reaction to the Wii for Mask of the Lunar Eclipse, Kikuchi saw multiple gameplay possibilities in the Wii U's gamepad, especially the gamepad becoming the game's Camera Obscura. He was the first to propose the concept to Nintendo, with it becoming a joint production between Koei Tecmo and Nintendo SPD as with Mask of the Lunar Eclipse. The staff included Kikuchi, series co-creator and director Makoto Shibata; and Toshiharu Izuno and Tohru Osawa from Nintendo, who had previously worked on Mask of the Lunar Eclipse. Planning began in 2011, during development of the Wii remake of Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly. The key themes are water and the fear of being wet, with the game's key color being black. These themes were inspired by Shibata's memories of visiting Los Angeles in 2008; compared to the damp summer atmosphere and accompanying supernatural feeling he experienced in Japan, he felt he could not find any ghosts in the local dry American summer. This experience emphasized his view of dampness as an important part of ghost encounters. As with previous games, he made it thinking that it might be the final entry in the series.  Maiden of Black Water features a theme song performed by Tsuki Amano, "In This Cage"; Amano had contributed theme songs to the series since Crimson Butterfly. In addition, it features a second theme song by Japanese singer AuJu titled "Higanbana". This too tied in with the wish to create something new for the series, along with showing its status as a high-end game with the inclusion of two theme songs.

The team used traditional Japanese horror as an aesthetic starting point as with earlier Fatal Frame titles, with the main purpose being to make it as frightening for players as possible. In aid of this, the flashback videos and core concept of rescuing people from supernatural hot spots was brought in, although several proposed elements related to this ended up being cut. The main cast went through revisions, although a male character was decided upon early on. Yuri was created relatively quickly, but the team had trouble deciding who the third character would be. An initial idea of having Miku Hinasaki as a playable character was dropped as her story arc had been resolved in earlier games. Instead, the character of Miu was created, with Kikuchi initially thinking her name was a typing error with Miku's name before reading the full story draft. Ren was initially going to record events on the mountain to offer a different perspective. The relationship between Ren and his assistant Rui Kagamiya was modeled after that between the character Kogoro Akechi and his live-in assistant Yoshio Kobayashi. The female characters' clothing was designed to make them look "sexy" when it got wet. The story and characters combined elements from four previous proposals for games in the series. Maiden of Black Water features the largest number of storylines up to that point, but due to the amount of narrative he wanted to include, Shibata ended up neglecting other elements such as Mount Hikami's history of suicides. The mountain setting was also taken from one of these scrapped storylines. Mount Hikami was originally suggested by Nintendo, based around multiple real locations in Japan, particularly Mount Osore and the Tōjinbō sea cliffs.

As it was the first game on a new console, the development team was largely made up of people new to the series, including designers Akira Ohtani and Yuki Sakamoto. While the use of the Wii U gamepad became central to gameplay, several other elements were considered by the developers but did not make it into the final game. These included combat, puzzle and navigation mechanics involving the analogue sticks to promote higher immersion; and using the gamepad's microphone to blow on objects within the game environment. Alongside making a game for dedicated series players, they also added adjustments for new players, partly due to the multimedia developments that were underway. Among these changes were adding helpful gameplay features and creating more conversation cutscenes to make the story easier to understand. The pace of gameplay was also made similar to an action game as opposed to previous entries. A mechanic being tested in the game was the necessity to keep dry, initially inspired by the sweating mechanic from Dead or Alive 5. While this was toned down, dampness being tied to the character's well-being remained in the game as both a story and gameplay concept. This aspect was suggested by Ohtani.

The capacities of the Wii U meant that more experimentation with graphics could be done. During the making of the game, the team watched a lot of scary online videos, along with studying lighting and the appearance of being wet. In addition, the flashback cutscenes were made to look grainy and low-quality compared to the present-day cutscenes. While they had initially been visually similar to rest of the game, part of the series' appeal was the fear evoked by unseen objects, so they added distortions. The graphics engine used technology from Dead or Alive 5, with one of the main points of aesthetic similarity was the sexy look of the female characters. To achieve this look, Kikuchi's team collaborated closely with the Dead or Alive development team. The inclusion of Ayane in the game was suggested by Izuno after Ayane's image was used in the initial proposal for Maiden of Black Water. Seeing as her dark character seemed suited to the series, he asked for her inclusion. Team Ninja co-founder Yosuke Hayashi was also keen to see her included. The main idea was that included a popular character from another Koei Tecmo franchise might help broaden the series' fanbase. In bringing her into the game, they attempted to preserve as much of her sex appeal as possible, such as how much her breasts would jiggle. During this process, they frequently received advice from Team Ninja. The shift onto more powerful hardware also enabled the team to incorporate more graphic scenes, which contributed to it receiving a higher CERO rating than previous titles.

Release
The game was first announced in April 2014, alongside multiple media expansions to the franchise, including a Japanese live-action film and an original novel and comic. Its title and release date were revealed during a special Niconico livestream in July. The digital version's large size required the purchasing of an additional external drive for those who did not own a Deluxe Wii U. It was initially claimed by Koei Tecmo's European branch that the game would not be released outside Japan. Its release in Western territories was initially hinted at by Tomonobu Itagaki, who said through his Facebook account that Kikuchi would release the game in North America.

During a Nintendo Direct presentation in April 2015, a Western release for the game was confirmed in both Europe and North America, with two titles: Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water for North America and Project Zero: Maiden of Black Water for Europe. Maiden of Black Water was released in Europe on October 30 and in North America on October 22. In Australia, the game released a day after the European version on October 31. The localization was suggested to have been due to fan requests.

In Europe and Australia, the game was exclusively available as a Limited Edition version at retail, as well as a digital version on the Nintendo eShop. While the retail version contained the complete game, the digital version was offered in a free-to-start manner, in which players could experience the game's prologue and first two chapters for free, after which they are given the choice whether or not to pay for unlocking the remaining ones. In North America, only the digital version was available on the Nintendo eShop. This announcement triggered a fan campaign spearheaded by Operation Rainfall to request a physical release for North America. The Western release included Nintendo-themed costumes based on popular characters Princess Zelda and Samus Aran. These costumes replaced lingerie and swimsuit outfits featured in the Japanese release.

During E3 2021, it was revealed that the game will be ported to Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S in 2021. The new versions of the game will feature remastered visuals, new costumes and additional photo features. The bikinis from the Japanese Wii U version and their western Nintendo counterparts are omitted.

Reception

Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

Game Informer writer Tim Turi called the main cast "wooden", referred to the large supporting cast as "vapid", and said that the drawn-out structure of the game harmed the initial premise while also relying too heavily on written documents in the environment for storytelling. GameSpots Alexa Ray Corriea was unimpressed by the story, saying that early story revelations and backtracking hurt the pacing and dramatic value, while the main characters were underdeveloped. She also felt that the game's darker themes were treated as window dressing rather than used to the full. Daniel Krupa of IGN praised the atmosphere and the disturbing nature of the backstory, and the way the three main characters' roles were balanced out. Nintendo World Reports Andrew Brown cited the main cast as being more "down to earth and relatable" than those from previous games in the series, and said that it was easy for players to sympathize with the ghosts encountered. Ryan Bates of Game Revolution, while enjoying the creepy atmosphere, found the number of characters introduced early on confusing. VideoGamer.coms Tom Orry praised the character and enemy design, while faulting the English dub and feeling that the female characters' revealing outfits clashed with the game's atmosphere. Eurogamers Aoife Wilson was highly critical, calling the story "half-baked" and generally faulting the characters in comparison to previous games in the series. Famitsu similarly criticized the attire of female characters disrupting the atmosphere. Dengeki, while again faulting the female characters' clothing, praised the game's use of Japanese horror elements to disturbing effect.

Corriea praised the graphics and lighting effects, although saying they were "not the sharpest". Brown, while noting some blurry textures and blocky structures, generally cited the lighting and other graphic effects as one of the game's high points. Dengeki also noted the game's graphics, stating that their quality and realistic character movement gave the main characters a high quality feel.

Krupa enjoyed both the use of the Wii U gamepad as the Camera Obscura and combat for most of the game, but found later sections tedious due to repetitive battles. Corriea liked the use of the gamepad despite some control issues, Bates was highly positive about the thrill it brought into battles, while Turi found that the function did not bring long-term enjoyment and that backtracking through environments negatively impacted on the experience. Wilson likewise enjoyed the gamepad's role in the game, while faulting most other aspects including the high amount of health items and character controls. Orry said that the new controls made combat more claustrophobic than in previous games, while Brown enjoyed the immersion the gamepad brought. Famitsu was highly positive about the use of the gamepad, saying that it felt like you were in the midst of battles. These sentiments were echoed by Dengeki, but stated that some combat situations made aiming difficult. Multiple reviewers mentioned and generally faulted the stiff controls and character movement.

During its opening week, the game debuted at #7 in Media Create's sales charts, with opening sales of 27,505 units. The following week, it dropped to #11, selling a further 7,105 units and, at that point, bringing total sales to that point to 34,610. Its total sales in 2014 reached 46,099 units, putting it at #142 in the year's best-selling game titles.

Neil Bolt of the horror magazine Bloody Disgusting, gave the game three and a half stars out of five, and wrote that the key of the game "is patience in lining up and focusing shots to maximize damage" and added that "its claustrophobic encounters (...) add an unnerving edge to what would otherwise be fairly pedestrian combat". Bolt also said that, despite some flaws, the return of the game was a "new experience."

Famitsu'''s reports of physical video game sales in Japan from October 25 to October 31, 2021, estimated that the game sold 22,196 units on PlayStation 4 and 20,586 units on Switch for a total of 42,782 sales during its debut. In its second week, it sold 9,778 physical copies on the Switch and 4,135 physical copies for the PlayStation 4, bringing its total number of physical sales in Japan to 56,695 copies. In its third week, the PlayStation 4 version sold a further 1,991 copies for a total of 28,332 physical copies sold on PlayStation 4. In Taiwan, the PlayStation 4 version debuted at number 4 while the Switch version debuted at number 5. The following week, the PlayStation 4 version remained at number four on the Taiwanese video game chart. Koei Tecmo announced in January 2022 that the game had passed sales of 340,000 worldwide by December 2021.

Legacy
Yuri Kozukata became the basis of a DLC costume in the Nintendo Switch version of Nights of Azure 2 and reappeared as a summonable Assist Trophy in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate''.

Notes

References

External links
Official website (Japan)
Official website (America)
Official website (Europe)

2014 video games
2010s horror video games
Fatal Frame games
Koei Tecmo games
Mountains in fiction
Nintendo games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Psychological horror games
Single-player video games
Video games about curses
Video games about suicide
Video games developed in Japan
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in 2006
Wii U games
Wii U eShop games
Windows games
Xbox One games
Xbox Series X and Series S games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Good morning in Death Valley. I decided to take a hike a Canyon about 30 miles back the way I came in. The pictures in the brochure for Death Valley.
First I have been remiss on writing about people I meet. Cropping and editing my pictures and the writing this blog takes at least 2 hours each evening.
I met a group of Jeepsters. My word for them. Yesterday I met them when I was checking out the bathrooms as they were juggling to park their rigs in their spaces.
They had pickup campers, Class C and Class A motor homes all towing Jeeps. The woman I met told me they were from Jelly Belly. The look on my face must have told her that she could have been speaking a foreign language as she came back and said, You know Auburn. I returned with Auburn where and she returned with Auburn, California where they make Jelly Belly candies. I said well I've learned something new today.
So I asked about the Jeep group. They were staying the week and they drive in Death Valley. I said you must know where to go as these tails they travel on are not on a map. She said you learn where you can go and the Rangers will give guidance.
On the way to the trailhead I took some pictures along the way.
The morning light provided for much better pictures giving mor definition to the features of the land.
Snow in them there mountains.
Check out the difference between this picture of the sand dunes to the last one.
At the base of this mountain is the trail. 2.5 miles on a dirt road from the main road. The dark center is the canyon.
The picture above is what the canyon is called. Mosaic Canyon was made from water carving it coming down the mountain.
The hike went in about a mile do the hike was not long but it did go up hill quickly.
I met a couple from Idaho who travel a lot. They got stuck in that rain storm I took a picture of yesterday that was in the north part of Death Valley.
He had a Toyota Land Cruiser many years ago that he travel around in for work living in it. He wanted to hear about my Prius setup.
After my hike I needed to get out of Death Valley as weather was headed in this way and with the elevations of the mountains around snow is a possibility. I drove to Pahrump, NV on my way to AZ.
You can see the beginning of the clouds heading in.
While I'm at explaining things, yesterday's blog came out late as the cell service in Death Valley (in the limited area they have it) is not AT&T and on my phone it comes up as out of network. I learned last year out here that you can't use too much data or AT&T will shut you off. Unpublished rules. Well, I waited to this am to send the blog when I got to McDonalds on Pahrump, NV.
Sitting at McDonalds I was checking the radar and weather reports for a couple destinations in AZ and they still had flash flood warnings issued. I drcided I would not go to Phoenix today or Qiartzsite for flooding concerns.
It came to mind that I get offers for special rate rooms at the Colorado Belle Casino in Laughlin, so I made a reservation and headed there.
The clouds kept getting thicker.
There was snow in the pass on the way to Las Vegas from a past storm. I had some wet flaked on the windshield. The weather service is predicting rain to snow here later today.
Now in Las Vegas I knew I only had to deal with rain now for the rest of my trip today.
I went to Safeway for some snacks in Bullhead City, AZ across the Colorado River. You can see the Colorodo Belle Casino in the distance.
I arrived at the hotel and paid $24.00 including taxes under the special promo for the night.
I settled in the room for awhile and graded the work of my students.
Then walked to the adjacent casino Edgewater for their buffet for $13.99.
At dinner I met a couple from the Los Angeles area who were staying at the Edgewater Casino having visited their family in Bullhead City for the weekend.
We had a nice conversation about our respective families. They were a bit surprised to learn of my solo travels.
The weather forecast calls for this rain not to move out of the area until tomorrow night. I will decide tomorrow if I should stay here another day.
And I passed the 8000 mile mark on this trip and I'm guessing 7000 miles to go.
How funny, the buffet costs almost as much as your room!!


A local family has given a lasting gift to the community they love.
The Jonathan Hunt Family Acorn Fund has been set up with South Yorkshire's Community Foundation (SYCF). SYCF specialises in establishing funds with local businesses and philanthropists, which are distributed for the benefit of local communities.
Mr Hunt is a former Senior Partner at Wake Smith Solicitors in Sheffield and served as High Sheriff of South Yorkshire in 2007-8. Mr Hunt has a long history of supporting local charities and is the current Chairman of the South Yorkshire branch of SSAFA, which supports those in the armed forces, veterans and their families.
He also gave 10 years of leadership and support as Chairman of South Yorkshire's Community before retiring from the position in 2014.
Jonathan Hunt said: "I was Chairman of SYCF for 10 years and during that time I donated to SYCF to help cover the costs of its vital work.
"I was Chairman of SYCF for 10 years and during that time I donated to SYCF to help cover the costs of its vital work.
"Now, I wish to continue my support by building a named endowment, with the income supporting need in South Yorkshire for many years to come.
"Setting up an Acorn Fund appealed to us as a family because it meant we could give a meaningful amount, but over time in an affordable way.
Mr Hunt and his family are following in the footsteps of another former SYCF Chairman Roy Darlison, who established the very first Acorn Fund with the Foundation.
"Jonathan was a dedicated and passionate Chairman.
"He gave so much to the Foundation and to South Yorkshire before retiring from the role.
"For Jonathan and family to set up an Acorn Fund, it shows that supporting local people remains as important as ever to the Hunt family.
SYCF is a key part of the local charity sector and in 30 years has raised and distributed over £26m, amounting to over 8,250 grant awards. In 2015-16, SYCF's grant awards supported 1 in 10 people across South Yorkshire.
Find out more about Acorn Funds.


LIC MF Infrastructure Fund Direct-Dividend Reinvestment is a Equity mutual fund scheme from LIC Mutual Fund. This scheme was launched on 02 Jan 2013 and is currently managed by its fund manager Sachin Relekar. It has an AUM of ₹55.80 Crores and the latest NAV decalared is ₹15.199 as on 18 Apr 2019 at 9:30 pm.
LIC MF Infrastructure Fund Direct-Dividend Reinvestment scheme return performance in last 1 year is -1.99%, in last 3 years is 38.68% and 78.62% since scheme launch. The min. SIP amount to invest in this scheme is ₹1000.


text:
Review: This Old Love (EP) by Chris Peluso
Chris Peluso is currently playing Sir Percival Glyde in (my new favorite show) The Woman in White at Charing Cross Theatre in London, but he also just released his first EP, "This Old Love."
Chris is known for roles in shows like Miss Saigon, Death Takes a Holiday, and Showboat here in London, but he's also performed across his native United States in shows like Wicked and way back in the day was in the La Jolla Playhouse pre-Broadway cast of Bonnie and Clyde.
I always am excited about a performer releasing an album, so I had to give this one a listen and I'm so glad that I did. The album is made up of five tracks: four covers of popular music in addition to a cover of "Send in the Clowns" from A Little Night Music.
If I had to describe the album in one word, it would be soothing. Many of the songs on the album like "This Old Love," "Caught in the Rain," and "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?" remind me of Garth Brooks (but without his country twang). They have a simple honesty to them with equally simple musical arrangements that allow Chris to show off his voice alongside some lovely guitar music. I also think the use of horns in "This Old Love" is a nice touch.
Chris's version of "Send in the Clowns" feels like a lullaby and is very well suited to his voice. Although beware: I once almost fell asleep on the Tube while listening to it.
The last song on the album is one of those songs that many male actors seem to cover (no, it's not "Run Away with Me"). I've heard many versions of "Hallelujah," including my own on the ukulele, and Chris's is actually very beautiful. His voice never seems strained as some people's do and it's the song he shows the most emotion on of the whole album.
I do still prefer this version by Ramin Karimloo aided by his son Jaiden, but Chris's is a close second. It's a strong finish to a wonderful first EP. Let's hope Chris has plans for a second in the future! x
Labels: theater, theatre
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What I Did This Week: November 27 - December 3
Review: Romantics Anonymous at Shakespeare's Globe...
An American's Guide to Panto


If you are considering remaining in the UK to work after you have completed your studies, there are a number of visa options that may be available to you. Please see the table below for a summary of the main options. Further information can be found by clicking on each visa type.... I�m an international student looking to study a double degree in accounting and my campus is in Melbourne.i have completed cima qualification as well.I�m 23years old and I have to study for 2.5years to complete this degree.will I be able to obtain pr if I work on post study work permits and I have no any work experience till date.please help me.thank you.
The Post Study Work visa is an excellent option for international students who wish to remain in Australia after completion of their studies. If you would like assistance in applying for a post study work visa, please book a consultation with one of our advisors to discuss further.
Work after study in Singapore: At times, studying abroad can be a double-edged sword. Take the UK, for example, which is a major academic hub but has recently made key changes to its immigration policies, making it difficult for international students to pursue post-study work there.
Working After Graduation Unlike in some other English-speaking countries, there is no automatic right associated with your student visa to stay on and work for a period of time in Australia after you complete your degree.
Students who want to stay and work after they complete their studies have two main options: either they must find a company that is willing to sponsor them or they need to have completed a university degree in Australia and they may then be able to apply for a post-study work visa.
After your post-study work visa you may be eligible to apply for a further work visa or a New Zealand resident visa under the Skilled Migrant Category. Whatever visa you apply for, you will need to pass health and character checks.


text:
The Little Campus (officially the Heman Sweatt Campus) is a historic district and part of the University of Texas at Austin campus in Austin, Texas. Originally built in 1856 as the Texas Asylum for the Blind, the complex was used for a variety of purposes through the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was acquired by the University of Texas after World War I and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

History
On August 16, 1856, the Texas Legislature enacted a measure providing for the establishment of a Texas Asylum for the Blind (now known as the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired) in Austin. The state leased the Neill–Cochran House as a temporary site for the asylum while a permanent building was constructed. The asylum facility was built between 1856 and 1857 at a cost of $12,390 (). In 1857 the asylum moved into its building, where it operated until the end of the American Civil War in 1865, at which point the campus was commandeered by General George Armstrong Custer, who used the facility as his family's residence while contributing to the occupation and Reconstruction of Texas.

In 1866 the asylum was restored, and it occupied the campus from then until 1915, while the program was renamed the Texas Blind Institute in 1905 and then the Texas School for the Blind in 1915. During this period the complex was expanded with the construction of several additional buildings. During World War I the School for the Blind was displaced by a military pilot training program, and a barracks was added to the complex. After the war the School for the Blind relocated to a new and larger campus, and the original asylum facility spent several years housing the Texas State Hospital for the Senile.

Little Campus
In the mid 1920s the growing University of Texas at Austin purchased the campus from the State Hospital system, after which it came to be known as the "Little Campus" (by contrast with the main campus to the northwest). The university built a women's dormitory called the Little Residence Hall and renovated the existing buildings into a men's dormitory. The facility was again commandeered for military training during World War II, reverting to the university's use after the war's end.

On August 13, 1974, the Little Campus was declared a United States historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1987 the area was officially renamed the "Heman Sweatt Campus," in honor of former UT law student and African-American civil rights plaintiff Heman Marion Sweatt.

Today, many of the Little Campus's historic structures have been demolished to make room for redevelopment, but two buildings remain: the asylum's original building, now known as the Arno Nowotny Building, holds the office of the director of the university's Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, and John W. Hargis Hall houses the university's Undergraduate Admissions Center.

Architecture

The original 1857 asylum building (now the Nowotny Building) is a two-story Italianate structure of rough limestone with red brick detailing. The main facade features five sets of paired windows with limestone sills framed in brick and topped with brick segmental arches. The corners are reinforced with brick quoins, and a wide first-story portico extends to both sides of the main entry. A brick cornice marks the roofline, above which the gray metal roof is punctuated by an octagonal Italianate dome. The building was designed and built by Abner H. Cook, an Austin architect who had recently designed the Texas Governor's Mansion.

The other surviving building, Hargis Hall, is a two-story Victorian Italianate structure of tan bricks with limestone detailing formed by the joining of two older buildings, one built in 1889 and one in 1900. The many windows have limestone sills and are topped by limestone segmental arches with distinct keystones. A dark red cornice supports the gray metal roof, from which there rises a square clock tower on one side and a shorter square tower on the other.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas
List of University of Texas at Austin buildings

References

National Register of Historic Places in Austin, Texas
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Italianate architecture in Texas
School buildings completed in 1856
University of Texas at Austin campus


The Museum of the World. Exploring the history of the world from 2,000,000 BC until today.
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Calgary Flames - Framed Scoresheet Collage 1989 Stanley Cup Champions
This commemorative 1988-1989 Stanley Cup frame showcases two 8x10" photos, and an exact NHL licensed replica copy of the scoresheet from the final game in 1989. The descriptive metal plate at the bottom of the frame recaps the glory of the championship and reads the following: "The 1988-89 Calgary Flames led by captain, Lanny McDonald, defeated the Montreal Canadiens' in the sixth game of the Stanley Cup Finals. Defenseman Al MacInnis earned the Conn Smuthe Trophy with an impressive 17-game scoring streak and a league-leading 31 total playoff points. The frame is accompanied by a Frameworth Certificate of Authenticity that states the product is officially licensed through the NHL & HHOF and includes a replica of the actual score sheet from the 1988-89 playoffs." The finished frame size is 25"x36"x1".
Alberta - 5%
British Columbia -12%
Manitoba -13%
New Brunswick -13%
Newfoundland & Labrador -13%
Northwest Territories - 5%
Nova Scotia -15%
Nunavut - 5%
Ontario - 13%
Prince Edward Island - 14%
Quebec - 14.975%
Saskatchewan - 10%
Yukon 5%