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text:
Instytut Języka Tureckiego (, ) – autorytatywna instytucja zajmująca się regulacją języka tureckiego, założona 12 lipca 1932 roku i mająca swą siedzibę w Ankarze – stolicy Turcji. Instytut ma za zadanie regulowanie i standaryzację języka tureckiego oraz innych języków tureckich. Wydaje również swój słownik języka tureckiego – .

Linki zewnętrzne
 Oficjalna strona internetowa instytutu

Język turecki
Rady języka
Nauka w Turcji
Oświata w Ankarze
Instytucje naukowe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Blind Leading the Bullies (Hana/Open to 1 more FT member)
Lineage : Knight of Spirits
Guild : Sabertooth
Experience : 23,011
Brownie Points : 1
First Magic: None
Second Magic: None
Third Magic: None
by Aoi 11th May 2016, 6:23 pm
(This thread is mainly a social, but varying on how things progress this can become a fighting topic. Just a fair warning, however I will not provoke a fight less there's a real reason to so do. Just know this is a preemptive warning should anything get started. Also, a pic to Aoi's appearance will be here, and let's have some fun! x3)
Today was such a calm and pleasantly sunny day. Given the slight breeze that passed by, the general notion of the day would be aired around "Perfection". A very magnificent version of what all of Spring should be like. Not too much sunlight beating down as to make things hotter, but not too much wind where the need to bundle up against it would become contradictory to the blazing star in space. Even so, this type of weather would happen to bring out everything from little kids to the elderly to enjoy such weather. It was a real shame of all the things to not really care about missing, the enjoyment of little kids would probably have been the most laxed thing the blind girl could do. Though their laughter was just as enjoyable, it wasn't so much that she had come to be some pedophile looking around for kids... Well because she couldn't see them at all anyway. Besides that, she never really cared to stand around or sit in one place for more than a couple minutes. Her current, yet fun task was just to walk around the town. Simply at that really and nothing really other than that.
As Aoi continued her way down the busy streets, her sonar like ability would allow her to skip through crowds as if she had no further disability what so ever. Unfortunately, it last only a second before the next step would refresh it and what she would see before would have shifted quite a bit for her since the last "point". At first, trying to adjust to something like this was a difficult task and she had hard time being able to catch onto peoples walking speed and whatever else it was that she had done. Bumping into people and trying to apologize made her feel very embarrassed to say the least, but as time went on she managed to be able to try and work around peoples movements before hand and walk around that. The one thing that Aoi would always try to do that she could always depend on to walk with were buildings around. She would often use them as guides, letting her fingers gently glide along them as she would walk along them, having people walk around her with very little risk to her being bumped into or tripped. Bare feet would pause on the ground as she stopped at the next corner, not sure really from there where she would go. it was a wonder where she could end up getting to so that she could venture around the rest of the town. The more of the town she covered, the easier it was the next time she would have to come here... The place that reeked of Fairies...
OOC note: Sorry for the shorter intro... I'm not too good with those, especially for having started this character over.. x.x)
Character✮Magic✮Secondary✮Bank✮Voice
Hana Akki
Guild : Fairy Tail
Mentor : Yuki the Snow Dragon (Ice dragon slayer magic), 5th Master Heero (registered mentor), and Akeya (Secondary magic)
Experience : 3,112.5
First Magic: Ice Dragon Slayer
Re: The Blind Leading the Bullies (Hana/Open to 1 more FT member)
by Hana Akki 14th May 2016, 9:38 pm
Hana woke up with a start as her raccoon companion Tamka dragged her out of bed. Groaning, she sat up and wiped the sleep dust from her groggy eyes, the sunlight invading them and causing her to squeeze them shut. "Tamka..." she groaned, her voice more ragged than it usually is. "Sorry Lady Hana, but you promised me you would take me to the cafe for cake today! You never take me, so today is the day you do!" Tamka's voice was more high pitched than one would expect. "Fine, just wait outside and I'll be out in about ten minutes." Hana's promise wasn't left unkept as it only took her that amount of time to get dressed and deal with her hygiene. Once that was done and over with she stepped out of her room only to be pulled along by Tamka into the busy streets of Magnolia. Normally, the two would be heading to the guild hall, however as previously heard, Hana had promised Tamka to get him some cake from her favorite cafe. Pushing through the butsling crowds of people Hana would trip and stumble, trying her best to keep up with the over excited raccoon while avoiding and apologizing to the citizens around her. She would soon take the alternative and keep close to the buildings, not wanting to annoy anbody else, but as she took a sharp turn, the small silvernette would end up finding herself landing on the concrete on her behind, along with some oth girl. She didn't take any time to observe this person due to her constant sorry's, but if she did she may have found this person to be recognizable.
OOC: Sorry, I really meant to get this reply out earlier but my neighbour's kids dragged me to the park and then I had to make myself dinner lay them down and put movies on for them, it was a mess x.x
What Hana is wearing in this thread will be found here
(Just imagine the shirt longer to where it covers her back)
I RUN THIS HERE
ICECREAM PARLOR
Mura Kensho
The Ghost Slayer
Lineage : Aspect of Pluto
Position : Saint of Fortitude
Partner : Mythica
Guild : Fairy Tail (GM)
Dungeon Tokens : 21
First Magic: Spirit Bind Magic
Second Magic: Onmyōdō (The Way of Yin and Yang)
Third Magic: Second Origin
by Mura Kensho 15th May 2016, 4:20 am
It felt like being hit by a bat, right on the forehead. Apparently, the watch had fallen down and landed on Mura's sleeping face, causing him to jump off bed as his heart held its breath. Rapidly moving his head around the bedroom, he found himself save and sighed, rubbing his hand on his face. Who knew, it could've been an intruder that intended to harm Mura under his sleep, or a kidnapper, or someone worse. Well, today was a new day; he couldn't help the fact that he woke up earlier than planned.
He went across his living room and approached the entrance to the basement, where he could find his spirit fellow Kyuken. The old samurai usually spent hours, or days, in the widened hall, honing his skills for no apparent reason. Although, it did help Mura in some way, as he could always spare with the ghost once in a while. He stepped inside, walking towards the wooden stands. "Oh, hello master..!" the legend greeted him, while sweat dropped down his face. Mura took a close look at him, scratched his morning hair and replied: "Hey… maybe you've trained a little too much, Kyuken. It's not like that you'll rust if doing nothing…" The ghost had literally no other reasons to continue his training, other than building up his spirits. At least, that was what Mura thought, but who knew if Kyuken actually had some benefits in practicing. "… I'm going over to buy some herbs. Come along, if you want," he spoke to the striving samurai, then turned his body around and moved out of the hall. Before his feet reached the stairs upwards, he noticed the presence of his spirit buddy next to him; floating around as a bluish flame ball, the samurai nodded. He really held himself close to his master, always staying by his side. It caused a smile to appear on his face…
It was quite swarmed in Magnolia today; people pushed a little to each other every second, and Mura had a few problems with reaching the herb shop. Countless of times, he had to excuse people and move around to an extent, where he decided to ditch it all and use his magic to move freely. Walking right through the crowds was surely relieving for him, as he headed for the shop; however, after finding space to look around, he realized that he was quite lost. It seemed that recklessly walking through people caused him from concentrating about his path. "What… this isn't the shop," he spoke up in surprise, looking at the unfamiliar buildings around him, "Is this even the road..?" The samurai spirit would appear and look at him. "This is so awkward, master… you're supposed to know this town inside and out," he replied to Mura with a small grin on his face. A twitch appeared on Mura's eyebrow, and he decided to keep an eye on the surroundings, making sure that he wouldn't get lost again. "Okay, it's pretty close to the giant Cathedral… about a mile, I think," he calculated, while aiming his eyes at the skylines. That was until he spotted a pair of girls, bumping into each other at the other side of the road. It was mainly Kyuken, who spotted them, but Mura could literally watch through his eyes. He turned his head to the side, slowly throwing a glance at the two strangers, and an unusually energetic raccoon… it was like that he had seen it before. "Hey, are you okay..?" he spoke towards the one girl that fell on her behind. Something told him that she was familiar; maybe a guild mate? Although, it only indicated his little wing of ignorance of his own guild. "You should watch out; it's pretty crowded at this time..."
(OOC: Well, I guess that I can take the title of "Longest Post Number #1" c:< Le'ts see where this leads to…
Now that you guys linked your outfits, it would be unfair if I didn't… So here it is.)
Mura - 1st Magic - 2nd Magic - 3rd Magic - Bank - LacBook - TL;DR (WIP)
Fiorian Theme:
Midian Theme:
by Aoi 15th May 2016, 10:09 am
The ball of her foot dragged back and forth on the ground as she starred down at it. She ignored the random passerby's that led there way by the beauty that was Aoi. Of course, she never noticed those onlookers due to the fact she had been blind, but the feeling of like she was being watched sent shivers down her spine and almost put a blush on her face. She checked the outfit by hand, brushing downward on it from both ends to make sure it wasn't revealing anything from either point of her figure, minus what it already showed off of her as well. "What am I even doing here..." She muttered to herself, sighing at the thought and taking a small step in front of her for a moment. Her little sonar would show just how close the nearest person was to her, which wasn't too much more than a couple of feet. In which case, her leg slid back to its former spot and sat in wait of some direction of where to go from here.
Aoi would continue to debate on whether to move from her spot at all walk around some more, just to relive her childhood spent in this town.. Or at least the fun ones anyway. Whether they ere before her blindness or after accident that made her this way, she continued to try and find the good in life, but the feeling was just never the same. And as time went on, things seemed to only get worse from that day. Her body reacted surprisingly to the sound of two people colliding and hitting the ground. The sound of it had probably been much worse than originally thought to be, but because she couldn't really see it, there could only be the worst in thoughts. Of course, that still brought a slight internal chuckle to her mind until the battery of sorries uttered in the same panicked and innocent tone that she could remember as a kid. The blind Mage quickly took a step to assess where she was compared to others around, when she spotted another person coming close to her. This person had sounded male.. Or at least a boy hearing puberty really, though sometimes things like that were hard to tell at first sound in distances. Aoi would pause just a couple feet from them and hold out her hand with a smile. "You're as clumsy and innocent as ever, kiddo." A giggle would accompany her comment, not knowing if she would be remembered by her look.
(Tis ok Hana, it happens ^.^
And Mura, nobody likes a showoff~ :P)
Hana would continue to nod furiously as if to say that she was alright, but none the less have her continuous apologies seized. It wasn't until the voice of the person she bumped into was heard by her, causing her to immediately stop due to the recognition of it. Looking up, Hana caught sight of a brunette girl with golden eyes. Hana didn't seem to rember her at first, but she knew that they must've met somewhere before if that person knew her distinct personality. Suddenly, it snapped to her, like a firecracker on concrete. It wasn't just a person, it was her friend, and the way Hana reacted couldn't have been any more energetic as she super glomped the girl while yelling out, "AOI!" Hana had rembered the fact that Aoi and her we're friends as children and she had recalled the memories of all fun times they had spent with each other whenever the the young girl would go out to the town to run errands for her guardian dragon. "ITS BEEN SO LONG SINCE I'VE SEEN YOU! WHAT HAVE YOU BEEN UP TO?!" Hana would rub cheeks in a hug with Aoi before giving back the blind girl her space and quieting down knowing that Aoi hated when both were violated, let alone one. However, as she did so, Hana sweat dropped at the height difference of one inch between them. 'WHY IS EVERYBODY I MEET TALLER THAN ME?!'
OOC: I'm sorry, a lot has been going on >~<
by Mura Kensho 21st May 2016, 7:02 am
(OOC: If you thought that was showoff, watch this >:3333
Btw, thx for making me feel socially awkward, while writing the reply... this won't turn out good O_O)
While watching the interaction of those two girls, Mura couldn't help but feel quite socially awkward. He felt unnecessary to even speak to them, as they appeared to know each other quite well and didn't want to be interrupted by any stranger. At least, that was what he thought, based on the situation right now. He would stand still for quite a while, trying to find out what to do now. He'd even forgot his main objective; to find the herb shop again. However, that could wait for later; now, all he wanted was to stand there and look around himself, maybe even spectate the conversation between the two others. Despite how creepy that might've sounded like, he usually did such things everyday; studying people around his house and all over the town, and over a couple contries, so it wasn't that weird for him to watch the two of them. "Ehm… master?" Kyuken suddenly asked him, "The herb shop…" It finally triggered his brain to remember about that. "That's right… let's wait with that," Mura replied to him. His eyes would rest at the sky above him, still standing at the other side of the road…
"… Wait, why?" Kyuken curiously asked his spirit master. It appeared that Mura was quite stuck; since his statement to the one who fell down earlier, he found himself bolted to the ground. "… Ohhh," the samurai spoke up with a teasing voice, while moving his gaze between the two girls and Mura, "Want to learn them to know a little, eh? Just like I do?" Mura could definitely see where Kyuken was trying to state by that question, as his face turned red. "Hey..!" Mura shockingly spoke back to him, his face would look angered and embarrassed, "That's not what I'm trying to do! I don't even know them at all… what am I even doing here, again?" He already forgot about the herb shop, again.
Although, something resembling appeared from the white-haired girl. It was like as if she was familiar with his guild; although, he had to find out for sure. His feet would move across the road, which appeared to be crowded with different people. Completely unhindered, he approached the girls by going right through the crowds that would've supposedly kept him back. Now, standing before them, his eyes would rest on the white-haired lady, who appeared to be around his age. He slowly asked: "Ehm… I think I've seen you before." The air would blow a little stronger, slightly revealing his Guild Crest on the forehead, "Maybe I'm wrong, but aren't you from the guild around here?"
by Aoi 21st May 2016, 9:52 am
It was only a matter of time until she had expected such a naturally energetic response from Hana. She knew it was coming, but being that she couldn't very well see where she was but for the spot she was currently down in from the collision, it was no more than a heart skipping surprise for her. The smile on her face when the girl had yelled out her name, only to latch on with a hug. It was so long since such a casual meeting with someone had felt to happy to her without something or someone else being involved to do so. It took her a second before her feet would balance her out into a single step to keep herself from falling down from the big an unexpected attack. Aoi did embrace the hug, more than she would have for any other really. Even her cheeks flushed a bright red as the girl nuzzled against her, face-to-face. She was such an odd cookie, even as a kid, but that's what made her loads of fun to be around. A fun person, and always reliable to Aoi; a perfect friend no doubt.
She wasn't uncomfortable by any means to have Hana hugged to her like a Siamese twin. In fact, as Hana would have gone to move away, Aoi would smirk and pull the girl in, hugging her from behind happily as her head rested on the girls shoulder. "Nothin much!~ I got mahself some independence if that makes any sense to you. More so, I have a magic I have lets me not depend on anyone anymore than absolutely necessary." She would pause and give one more big hug, sucking up the fun before she'd let her go. "But I've been doing soma small end thingies here and there. How about you? I can fell you don't have that much hair on your head girl." Though she let go of her body, her left hand slid down Hana's arm, locking hand-in-hand out of an old childish habit she had when she was around her. "You.. don't mind if I still.. hold on, do you?" Her blind eyes averted there gaze as a flushed pink color painted her cheeks.
Her attention focused to the voice of a male who had walked up to the pair. From the sound of his voice, he was apparently young and probably younger than she was for the most part. Granted, each person was different, but the fact she couldn't tell was just her guessing as much about it. A brow raised when he had begun to talk to Hana. Not that she cared that she was being talked to, but he happened to ask her a question that stirred her mind the wrong way. Mentioning of "the guild around here" and given she being in her home town... She only could conclude that his mentioning of guilds was Fairy Tail. The grip held on Hana's hand, if still there would tighten. She wanted to say something, she really did. However, when it came to Hana and their past, it became a large conflict of how to act towards the situation. Instead, she decided it be best to try and preserve herself for now and wait on how they would react between one another first.
by Hana Akki 27th May 2016, 12:22 pm
(OOC: Im sorry, but i couldnt help but to be cheesy. I tried not to but i failed so here ya go. XP)
Hana giggled as Aoi had been just as energetic as her within their little reunion, and nodded her head no to Aoi's question of minding if she held onto her. She never really minded at all anyways as she knew of Aoi's seeing problems and would always be happy to help, and she kinda enjoyed it too. As Hana went to answer Aoi's more previous questions on what she had been up to however, a familiar face came up to the two and had questioned Hana if she was from the referred guild Fairy Tail. Hana could feel the tense aura forming around Aoi, and the brunette's grip had tightened on her. Hana knew that Aoi wasn't a very big fan on Fairy Tail, and there for she struggled to find the words to say. "Uhm, yeah, I am actually." Hana paused to turn to Aoi, staring her in the eye. Although her friend was blind, Hana knew that Aoi would be able to the serious expression she had. "Aoi, I know you don't like the guild... and I'm really sorry... but I needed a way to get myself out of trouble without actually leaving it... if that makes sense? Fairy Tail actually isn't as bad as you think though. Through the time I've been there I found that the members treat eachother like nothing else but family and they help eachother grow stronger eveyday that way they may help others. You aren't mad at me, right?" Hana was well aware of Aoi's past and feelings concerning Fairy Tail, and it really concerned her that Aoi would become upset to find out that her childhood friend had joined a guild which she herself had grown spiteful of. Meanwhile, Hana's raccoon companion Tamka had parted from Hana, and sat in front of the boy who looked to be around her age, staring intently before asking, "You're who the guild calls Mura... correct?"
The young shaman gazed at the couple, his eyes spreading a very calm atmosphere around them. She confirmed his thoughts; she was his guild mate, after all. However, something made him feel quite anxious for the one beside the Fairy Tail mage, whose hand was tightening her friend's. Did she have any grudges against this? Or did she know him, somehow? Her face expressed something as well, but it wasn't clear enough to read her feelings. Although, her soul was quite troubled, like if showing up triggered some really deep feelings within her. Before causing her to pay attention to his sudden glance at her, he moved his look back at Hana.
"I knew it," he spoke up in a slight surprised voice, "Well, I don't think we've met before, though." He would point his thumb at the crest on his forehead, indicating what they had in common. "It's nice to meet you, guild mate," he calmly greeted once more, before his fringes, moved by the strengthened wind, would cover up the Guild Crest again. It appeared that this girl said something to her friend about their guild, but Mura didn't catch those words clearly, as he simply looked around the roads and lost attention for a moment. Who knew what they were talking about; maybe they were talking about him, or Kyuken, or something else…
Meanwhile, his spirit companion would look down at the approaching raccoon, as it focused its eyes on Mura. Somehow triggering Kyuken's awareness, the samurai began to sweat a single drop; those eyes were really darting his master. Once the raccoon asked its question, the samurai finally calmed down again, confirming the situation as peaceful. "Yup, that's me," the spirit mage answered, while petting the raccoon on its head, "Mura Kensho. You might've heard of me, huh?" Honestly, he never thought of such possibility, due to his usual lone-wolf lifestyle; he mainly walked on his own and did stuff on his own, but it didn't mean that he was isolated from the entire guild or something. Plus, he was never alone; the samurai spirit stalked him everywhere, literally EVERYWHERE. "Ehm… I hope that I'm not interrupting something between you guys," he slowly spoke to the two ladies, as they stopped speaking, "But now that you know my name, you might as well tell me yours. Don't leave me as ignorant about my guild mates as I am now…"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Your stay at Koro Lodge includes all meals, all beverages, laundry, rock art excursions, lodge activities and nature drives.


text:
CultureMusic
Marwan Moussa wins 3 awards at Afrima music festival
Egypt IndependentJanuary 17, 2023
The Egyptian artist Marwan Mousshttp://The Egyptian artist Marwan Moussa won three awards for youth music in Africa, from the Afrima, All Africa Music Awards festival, which was held in the Senegalese capital, Dakar.
Moussa won awards for the best African Rapper, Breakthrough Artist of the Year, and Best Artist in African Hip-Hop.
The three awards came amongst a pool of strong competition with the continent's biggest singers.
The competition also witnessed the nomination of other artists from Egypt, such as Wegz, the Cairokee team, the Disco Misr team, Ruby, Ahmed Saad, Ali Loka and others.
They were nominated for other categories of the competition but none of them received an award.
Moussa began his career in 2017 and rose to fame in 2019 with his hit song "Nhayt El 3alam." He has appeared in TV ads for We, Etisalat, and Freska and performed on the official song for the 27th Men's Handball World Championship Cup 2021 alongside Tamer Hosny and Hoda Sherbeeny.
In 2020, Moussa was among the 50 most-streamed Arab singers on Anghami and the most-streamed artists in MENA on Deezer.
awards Categories Deezer Egypt Marwan Moussa MENA Wegz


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Mapping the phase diagram of QCD is the primary goal of heavy-ion
collision experiments~\cite{STAR:2010vob,Bzdak:2019pkr}.  Fluctuations
carry important information about the phase diagram. In particular,
non-monotonic behavior of fluctuation measures is a signature of the
QCD critical
point~\cite{Stephanov:1998dy,Stephanov:1999zu,Stephanov:2008qz,Athanasiou:2010kw,Stephanov:2011pb}.
Fluctuations are also important for the study of hydrodynamics in
small systems as well as understanding of initial conditions
\cite{Nagle:2018nvi}. Non-equilibrium dynamics of fluctuations is
important in general, and of particular importance is the dynamics of
the {\em non-Gaussian} fluctuations near the critical point. For many
of these reasons evolution of fluctuations in hydrodynamics has been
intensively studied
recently~\cite{Kapusta:2011gt,Ling:2013ksb,Stephanov:2017ghc,Nahrgang:2018afz,Nahrgang:2018afz,Akamatsu:2017,Akamatsu:2018,Akamatsu:2018tcp,Martinez:2017fbb,Martinez:2018,An:2019csj,An:2019osr,An:2020vri,Du:2020bxp,Pradeep:2022mkf}.

Freezeout (particlization) is the crucial step in translating
hydrodynamic fluctuations into fluctuations and correlations of
particles observed in experiment. There have been attempts to develop
appropriate procedure for fluctuation freezeout, starting from
Ref.\cite{Kapusta:2011gt}. One of the known problems is the proper
separation of the trivial (single-particle) contribution from the
multi-particle fluctuations induced by hydrodynamic correlations. This
problem was addressed in \cite{Ling:2013ksb} for one
particular case of charge diffusion, but a general solution is still
lacking, especially for non-Gaussian fluctuations. Indeed, freezeout
of non-Gaussian {\em out-of-equilibrium} fluctuations have not yet been
adequately addressed, except for a proposal in
Ref.~\cite{Pradeep:2022mkf}, where the procedure
introduced earlier for equilibrium fluctuations was straightforwardly
generalized in a somewhat ad hoc manner. Even in this case, the
proposal is limited to leading (most singular) critical contribution
to fluctuations. One of the nontrivial issues, in particular, is
the implementation of local conservation laws \cite{Oliinychenko:2019zfk}.

In this Letter we introduce a very general method of freezing out
fluctuations based on the principle of maximum entropy. In this
approach the fluctuations of conserved quantities are matched exactly
(i.e., not only the leading critical contribution) between the
hydrodynamic and the kinetic (particlized) side of the freezeout
transition as dictated by conservation laws. The distribution of
fluctuations across particle momenta is then determined by maximizing
the entropy of fluctuations -- an object we introduce in this paper,
which is mathematically similar to the $n$-PI action of the quantum
field theory. The entropy of fluctuations has also a lot in common
with the concept of relative entropy, which, in this case, measures
the amount of entropy deficit of a system with known correlations
(relative to the most agnostic state corresponding to complete thermal
equilibrium).

Of course, freezeout procedure, being essential for translating
hydrodynamics into particle observables, has been known for a long
time in the form introduced by Cooper and
Frye~\cite{Cooper:1974mv}. This procedure, however, could only deal
with {\em mean} hydrodynamic quantities, i.e., single-particle
observables. It does not address the question of how to freeze
out the {\em fluctuating} hydrodynamics.

In this Letter we apply the general principle of maximum entropy to
the long-standing problem of the fluctuation freezeout and obtain
several novel results, which non-trivially match some of the existing
approaches to freezeout in the literature, while augmenting or
correcting others. Most importantly, the new approach allows us to
tackle the problem of the freezeout of non-Gaussian fluctuations, in
and out of equilibrium.  Furthermore we are now able to determine some
of the thus far unknown parameters crucial for the freezeout of the
fluctuations near the critical point.

\section{Setup and main result}
\label{sec:setup}
The principle of maximum entropy has been applied recently to
implement freezeout of mean hydrodynamic variables into
single-particle observables in Ref.~\cite{Everett:2021ulz}.  The
procedure reproduces the Cooper-Frye procedure when
non-equilibrium effects are ignored, but allows systematic
incorporation of non-equilibrium, dissipative effects. Let us,
therefore, begin by briefly reviewing the maximum entropy freezeout in the
simplest case of mean quantities in equilibrium.

The aim is to find
the phase space distribution function $f_A\equiv f_{\tilde A}(x_A)$,
where by $A$ we denote a composite index describing discrete quantum
numbers of particles such as spin or baryon number ($q_A$) as well
their momenta $p_A$ (collectively $\tilde A$) and the coordinate
$x_A$. In other words, $A$ labels a ``cell'' in the phase space. In
position space this cell matches a hydrodynamic cell, which has a
small but macroscopic size. The function $f_A$ is the mean occupation
number of the available single-particle states in the cell~$A$.  It must be
such that the conserved hydrodynamic quantities, such as
energy-momentum and conserved charge (such as baryon number) densities
in the rest frame of the fluid, $T^{\mu\nu}u_\nu = \epsilon u^\mu$ and
$J\cdot u = n$, are matched locally at each point $x$ (i.e., in each
cell) on the freezeout hypersurface by the gas of non-interacting
hadrons (resonance gas), i.e.,
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:en-matching}
  \begin{align}
    &\epsilon u^{\mu}(x)=\int_{\tilde A} (u\cdot p_A)\,
      p_A^{\mu}f_{\tilde A}(x)\,,\\
    &n(x)=\int_{\tilde A} (u\cdot p_A)\,q_A f_{\tilde A}(x)\,,
  \end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $\int_{\tilde A}$ denotes the summation over particle species $A$ as
well as the integration over their momenta (with Lorentz invariant measure).
Obviously, there are infinitely many solutions to the constraints
(\ref{eq:en-matching}) on $f_A$. We expect that the most likely
solution to describe the distribution of particles after freezeout
maximizes the entropy of the ideal hadron (resonance) gas given by
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:S1-sum}
  S[f]=\int_x \int_{\tilde A} (u\cdot p_A)\,S_A\,,
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:S_A}
  S_A= \frac{1+\theta_Af_A}{\theta_A}\log (1+\theta_Af_A)-f_A \log f_A\,,
\end{equation}
where $\theta_A$ is $\pm1$ for Bose/Fermi particles (or 0 for
classical particles) and $\int_{x}$ is the 3-volume integration over
the freezeout hypersurface.  Introducing Lagrange multipliers
$\beta_\mu$ and $-\alpha$ for quantities in
Eqs.~(\ref{eq:en-matching}) and solving the variational problem we
find $f_A=(e^{\beta\cdot p_A - \alpha q_A}-\theta_A)^{-1}$, where $\beta_\mu$
and $-\alpha$ are determined by solving Eqs.~(\ref{eq:en-matching})
and correspond to the temperature $T=(-\beta\cdot u)^{-1}$ and
chemical potential $\mu=T\alpha$ of the hadron gas for given
values of energy-momentum and baryon densities in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:en-matching}). Thus, the maximum entropy approach
reproduces the standard Cooper-Frye prescription. As shown in
Ref.~\cite{Everett:2021ulz} this approach can be
naturally extended
to incorporate matching to viscous stress and diffusive current in
hydrodynamics against the non-ideal corrections to particle distribution
function $f_A$, i.e., imposing additional constraints, but using the
same entropy $S[f]$.

In this Letter we show that a more general application of the
principle of maximum entropy can also provide a natural solution to
the problem of freezing out the fluctuating hydrodynamics. In this
case hydrodynamic fluctuations will be matched by fluctuations in the
hadron  gas, and the entropy must be a functional of the
measures of fluctuations, i.e., of the {\em correlators} of
particle distributions $f_A$.

To simplify
notations and to make them more general, we shall organize
hydrodynamic variables in a vector $\Psi^a$, where, e.g.,
$\Psi^\mu=\epsilon u^\mu$ and $\Psi^5=n$. We also denote by $P^a_A$
the contribution of a single particle in the phase space cell $A$ to the hydrodynamic variable
$\Psi^a$ in the hydrodynamic cell at point $x_a$, i.e., $P^\mu_A=p^\mu_A\delta^{3}(x_a-x_A)$ and $P^5_A=q_A\delta^{3}(x_a-x_A)$, so that
Eqs.~(\ref{eq:en-matching}) can be written as
$\Psi^a=\int_{A}P^a_A f_A$ and, correspondingly,
$\delta\Psi^a=\int_{A}P^a_A \delta f_A$, which translates
into a relationship between the (connected) correlators in
the hadron  gas given by
$G_{AB\ldots}=\langle\delta f_A\delta f_B\ldots\rangle_c$ and
(connected) correlators of hydrodynamic variables
$H^{ab\cdots}=\langle\delta\Psi^a\delta\Psi^b\ldots \rangle_c $:
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:HG}
  H^{ab\ldots} = \int_{AB\ldots} G_{AB\ldots}P_A^aP_B^b\ldots
\end{equation}
where $\int_A\equiv\int_{x_A}\int_{\tilde A}$. These $n$-point hydrodynamic
correlators ($H_n$ in shorthand) are related to $n$-point Wigner
functions $W_n$
by the generalized Wigner transform introduced in Ref.~\cite{An:2020vri}.

We treat Eqs.~(\ref{eq:HG}) as constraints to be obeyed by
$G_{AB\ldots}$ ($G_n$ in shorthand). The maximum entropy principle
will then determine $G_n$ by maximizing the entropy
$S[f,G,G_3,G_4\ldots]$ of the state of the hadron gas with given
fluctuations characterized by connected correlators~$G_n$. We
determine this entropy functional by a calculation similar to
Ref.~\cite{Stephanov:2017ghc} but for higher-order correlators.

Solving the variational
problem for $G_n$ with constraints in Eq.~(\ref{eq:HG}) we find
relationships between the correlators $H_n$ and $G_n$.
These relationships are especially simple and intuitive to linear order
in $\Delta G_n \equiv G_n-\bar G_n$ and $\Delta H_n=H_n-\bar H_n$, where
$\bar G_n$ and $\bar H_n$ are the corresponding correlators in
the ideal hadron gas in equilibrium. We find:
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:DhatGDhatH}
  \widehat\Delta G_{AB\dots}
  = \sum_{ab\dots}\int_{x_ax_b\dots} \!
 \widehat\Delta H_{ab\dots}

  (\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^a_A (\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^b_B\ldots
\end{equation}
where
$(\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^a_A\equiv\sum_{a'}\int_{x_a'}\int_{A'}\bar
H^{-1}_{aa'}P^{a'}_{A'}\bar G_{A'A}$.  In practice, the integrals over
$x_{a'}$ and $A'$ are trivial since $P^{a'}_{A'}$ and $\bar G_{A'A}$ are both
delta-functions of their spatial coordinates and $\bar G_{A'A}$ is
also a delta-function of the momenta (and other particle quantum
numbers), i.e.
$\bar G_{A'A}= f'_{A} \delta_{A'A}\sim
\delta^3(x_{A'}-x_A)\delta^3(p_{A'}-p_{A})$, where $f'_A=f_A(1+\theta_Af_A)$.

In what follows we do not write explicitly, but imply,
the summation/integration corresponding to repeated indices labeling either
hydrodynamic variables (and cells) or hadron gas variables (and
phase-space cells).

More importantly, Eq.~(\ref{eq:DhatGDhatH})
leads us to define a
somewhat novel kind of  correlation measures
$\widehat\Delta G_n$ (and similarly,
$\widehat\Delta H_n$) which we refer to as {\it
  irreducible relative correlators}. These measures, similarly to
$\Delta G_n$, quantify correlations {\em
  relative} to the ideal resonance gas, but only correlations
not reducible to lower-order correlations, i.e., with all lower-order
correlations subtracted. In the case of classical gas ($\theta_A=0$)
$\widehat G_n$ are similar to irreducible
correlators described in Ref.~\cite{Ling:2015yau} or
``correlation functions'' in Ref.~\cite{Bzdak:2017ltv}.
We find that in terms of these
irreducible relative correlators the relationship between the hydrodynamic and particle
fluctuations takes a simple form given by
Eq.~(\ref{eq:DhatGDhatH}).

\section{Entropy of fluctuations}
\label{sec:entropy-fluctuations}
Recall that the exponential of the entropy $S$ in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:S1-sum}) is proportional to the number of microstates of
the system with given values of occupation numbers $f_A$ of the
hydrodynamic cells. In the thermodynamic (large volume) limit there is
a large number of single-particle quantum states in each hydrodynamic
cell and the number of possible ways to occupy these elementary
quantum states is exponentially large, of order $e^S$. A macroscopic
state is an ensemble of this exponentially large number of microscopic
states with occupation numbers close to mean $f_A$. The values
$f_A$ are not the same in all microscopic states, but fluctuate. The
magnitude of fluctuations is suppressed in the thermodynamic
limit. The probability distribution of these fluctuations is given by
the exponential of $S$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:S1-sum}) with additional
constrains given by Eq.~(\ref{eq:en-matching}). As usual, in
thermodynamic limit, one can implement these constraints using
Lagrange multipliers, i.e., using the probability distribution
$\exp(S+J_a\Psi_a)$ and choosing $J_a$ to satisfy the constraints on
$\Psi_a$. Using this probability distribution one can calculate the
expectation values $\bar G_{AB\ldots}$ of the fluctuation correlators
in equilibrium which will depend on $\Psi^a$.

We can also consider states with (some of) the correlators
$G_{AB\dots}$ having specific values, not necessarily equal to
$\bar G_{AB\dots}$. These states must have lower entropy since more
information is available about these states.  To find their entropy we
can consider the probability distribution perturbed by additional
factor $\exp(K_{AB\dots}f_Af_B\dots)$, where $K_{AB\dots}$ play the
role similar to Lagrange multipliers. Integrating over fluctuations of
$f_A$ we can then obtain $G_{AB\dots}$, which will depend on
$K_{AB\dots}$. Solving for $K$ and substituting back into the
probability distribution we find the joint probability distribution
for $f_A$ as well as the correlators $G_{AB\dots}$. The logarithm of
this probability distribution is the entropy of fluctuations -- the
key quantity, which we
would then maximize.

The calculation of the entropy of fluctuations along these lines for a
two-point correlator can be found in
Ref.~\cite{Stephanov:2017ghc}, where it is also pointed out
that the result mathematically resembles the 2-PI action in quantum field theory~\cite{Luttinger:1960ua,Baym:1962sx,Cornwall:1974vz,Norton:1974bm,Berges:2003pc}:
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:S2}
    S_2 = S
  + \frac12{\rm Tr\,}\left[
\log GC + GC + 1
  \right]\,,
\end{equation}
where $C_{AB}\equiv\delta^2 S/(\delta f_A\delta f_B)$ and  $G\equiv G_2$. The difference
$S_2-S$ vanishes when $G$ equals $-C^{-1}\equiv \bar G$ and can be viewed as
the additional (negative) entropy of the state with additional
constraints on correlators relative to the entropy of the state with
correlations given simply by $\bar G$.

We want now to determine the correlator $G_{AB}$ satisfying the
constraints in Eq.~(\ref{eq:HG}).
The most likely value of $G$ is given by the maximum
of the entropy $S_2$ subject to these constraints. Introducing Lagrange
multiplier matrix $\Lambda_{ab}$ we find, solving the constrained
variational problem, that
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:G-Lambda2}
  G^{-1}_{AB} = \bar G^{-1}_{AB} +\Lambda_{ab}\, P^{a}_{A}\, P^{b}_{B}\,.
\end{equation}
We can then determine the Lagrange multipliers by substituting
(\ref{eq:G-Lambda2}) into (\ref{eq:HG}) and we find
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:Lambda}
  \Lambda=H^{-1}-\bar H^{-1}\,.
\end{equation}
Substituting into Eq.~(\ref{eq:G-Lambda2}) we  obtain
\begin{equation}
  G^{-1}_{AB} = \bar G^{-1}_{AB} + (H^{-1}-\bar H^{-1})^{ab}
  (\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^a_A(\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^b_B\,.
\label{eq:G2}
\end{equation}

\section{Non-Gaussian fluctuations}
\label{sec:non-gauss-fluct}
Extending this calculation to higher-order correlators, specifically
to $n=3,4$ relevant for non-Gaussian fluctuations in experiments~\cite{STAR:2010vob,Bzdak:2019pkr,STAR:2021iop,STAR:2021fge}, we obtain the
entropy $S_4[f,G,G_3,G_4]$ as
  \begin{multline}
    \label{eq:S32}
    S_3 = S_2 \,+ \,:\!\frac{1}{6}C_{ABC}G_{ABC}
    +\frac{1}{8}C_{ABCD}G_{AC}G_{BD}\\
    -\frac{1}{12}G_{AB}^{-1} G_{CD}^{-1} G_{EF}^{-1} G_{ACE}G_{BDF}\!:\,,
  \end{multline}
 \begin{widetext}
 \begin{multline}
    \label{eq:S43}
    S_4 = S_3 \,  + \,:\!\frac{1}{24}C_{ABCD}G_{ABCD}
    -\frac{1}{48}G_{AC}^{-1} G_{BD}^{-1} G_{EF}^{-1} G_{HI}^{-1}
    G_{ABEH}G_{CDFI}\\
    +\frac{1}{8}G_{ABC}G_{DEF}G_{HIJK}G_{AH}^{-1}G_{BI}^{-1}G_{CF}^{-1}G_{DK}^{-1}G_{EJ}^{-1}
    -\frac{1}{16}G_{AB}^{-1}G^{-1}_{CD}G^{-1}_{EF}G^{-1}_{HI}G^{-1}_{JK}G^{-1}_{LM}G_{ACE}G_{FHJ}G_{IKL}G_{BDM}\\
    -\frac{1}{12}G_{AEH}G_{BCJ}G_{FDL}G_{IKM}G_{AB}^{-1}G^{-1}_{CD}G^{-1}_{EF}G^{-1}_{HI}G^{-1}_{JK}G^{-1}_{LM}\!:\,,
  \end{multline}
\end{widetext}
where $:\!X\!:\,\equiv X-\bar X$.  The result is mathematically similar to the
 $n$-PI action in QFT, as was the case for $n=2$, with
$S_n$ corresponding to truncation at $n-1$ loops. (As discussed in
Ref.~\cite{An:2020vri} the loop expansion corresponds to expansion in the
magnitude of fluctuations.) We can now maximize the entropy
$S_4$ with respect to $G_3$ and $G_4$ subject to constraints from
hydrodynamic correlators $H_3$ and $H_4$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:HG}) and find
\begin{multline}
  G_{ABC}=
  \Big[C_{QRS}+\Big\{\tp^{abc}
  - (PG)^a_T(PG)^b_U(PG)^c_V C_{TUV}\Big\}\\
  \times\(H^{-1}P\)^a_Q\(H^{-1}P\)^b_R\(H^{-1}P\)^c_S
\Big]
  G_{QA}G_{RB}G_{SC}\,;
  \label{eq:Gset13cm}
\end{multline}
\begin{multline}\label{eq:G4}
  G_{ABCD}=
\Bigg(C_{QRST}
  +\Big[3G_{YX}C_{YQR} C_{XST}\Big]_{\overline{QRST}}\\
  +\Big\{\tp^{abcd}
  -    P^a_{I}P^b_{J}P^c_{K}P^d_{L}
  \Big(G_{IM}G_{JN}G_{KO}G_{LP}C_{MNOP}\\
    +3G^{-1}_{XY}\Big[G_{YIJ} G_{XKL}\Big]_{\overline{IJKL}}\Big)\Big\}\\
\times(H^{-1}P)^a_Q(H^{-1}P)^b_R(H^{-1}P)^c_S(H^{-1}P)^d_T
\Bigg)\\
 \times G_{QA}G_{RB}G_{SC}G_{TD}\,,
\end{multline}
where
$C_{AB\dots}\equiv\delta^n S/(\delta f_A\delta f_B\dots)$ and we used the
notation $[\dots]_{\overline{ABC\dots}}$ for average over the
permutations of indices.

Equations (\ref{eq:G2}),~(\ref{eq:Gset13cm}) and~(\ref{eq:G4}) can be solved for correlators
$G_n$ iteratively. However, the structure of these equations is somewhat easier
to appreciate in the linearized limit, applicable  when the
correlations relative to hadron gas, i.e., $G_n-\bar G_n\equiv
\,:\!G_n\!:\,\equiv \Delta G_n$, are sufficiently small (a reasonable
approximation for heavy-ion collisions). In this limit the solution
can be expressed compactly by Eq.~(\ref{eq:DhatGDhatH}), or,
with summation/integration implied, as
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:DhatGDhatH2}
  \widehat\Delta G_{AB\dots}
  =
  \widehat\Delta H_{ab\dots}
  (\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^a_A (\bar H^{-1}P\bar G)^b_B\ldots,
\end{equation}
in terms of the
correlators $\widehat\Delta G_n$ and $\widehat\Delta H_n$,
which could be  termed {\em irreducible relative
(connected)  correlators} (IRC). These correlators quantify ``genuine''
(i.e., not reducible to lower-order correlations)
$n$-point correlations in $G_n$ {\em relative} to the ideal hadron gas $\bar
G_n$. This is achieved by
recursively subtracting these lower-order correlations:
\begin{multline}\label{eq:hatG}
   \widehat\Delta G_{AB} \equiv  \Delta G_{AB}\,;\\
    \widehat\Delta G_{ABC}\equiv \Big[\Delta G_{ABC}
    - 3\widehat\Delta G_{AD} (\bar G^{-1}\bar G_3)_{DBC}\Big]_{\overline{ABC}}\\
   \widehat\Delta G_{ABCD}  \equiv\Big[\Delta G_{ABCD}
    - 6 \widehat\Delta G_{ABF} (\bar G^{-1}\bar G_3)_{FCD}\,;
   \\
    -  4\widehat\Delta G_{AF}(\bar G^{-1}\bar G_4)_{FBCD}\\
    - 3\widehat\Delta G_{EF}(\bar G^{-1}\bar G_3)_{EAB}
    (\bar G^{-1}\bar G_3)_{FCD} \Big]_{\overline{ABCD}}\,.
\end{multline}
Similar relations define IRCs $\widehat\Delta H_n$  of
hydrodynamic variables, with $H$ instead of $G$ and indices $ab\dots$
instead of $AB\dots$.

Note that the factors
$(\bar G^{-1}\bar G_n)_{ABC\dots}\equiv \bar G^{-1}_{AX}\bar
G_{XBC\dots}$  in Eq.~(\ref{eq:hatG}), in the case of negligible
quantum statistics effects
(or $\theta_A=0$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:S_A})), are equal to $\delta_{ABC\dots}$.
Thus, in this case, the IRCs
$\widehat\Delta G_n$ coincide with
correlators $C_{ab\dots}$ described in Ref.\cite{Ling:2015yau},
whose phase space integrals give factorial cumulants. Such correlators
and factorial cumulants play important role in the acceptance
dependence of the fluctuation
measures~\cite{Ling:2015yau,Bzdak:2017ltv}.

\section{Comparison with existing methods}
We can now compare the results of the maximum entropy approach with
other freezeout procedures used in the
literature to implement freezeout of fluctuations.

Ref.~\cite{Kapusta:2011gt} considered fluctuations of $f_A$ caused by
fluctuations of hydrodynamic parameters such as temperature and
chemical potential, $J_a$ in our notations, i.e.,
\begin{math}
\delta f_A = (\partial f_A/\partial J_a) \delta J_a=(P\bar G)^a_A\delta J_a\,,
\end{math}
where, as before, $\bar G_{AB}=f'_A\delta_{AB}$.
Using hydrodynamic correlators
$\langle\delta J_a\delta J_b\rangle= H^{-1}_{ab}  $
one then finds:
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:ff}
  G_{AB} = H^{-1}_{ab} (P\bar G)^a_A(P\bar G)^b_B\,,

\end{equation}
as opposed to our Eq.~(\ref{eq:DhatGDhatH2}).
We see that the problem with Eq.~(\ref{eq:ff}) is in the absence of the
separate contribution of the ideal gas fluctuations,
$\bar G_{AB}=f'_A\delta_{AB}$, which matches $\bar H$ in
hydrodynamics, but does not describe {\em correlations} between two
{\em different} particles \cite{Ling:2013ksb}. While the approach of
Ref.\cite{Kapusta:2011gt} could satisfy the constraints (\ref{eq:HG}),
it does so, in part, via spurious two-particle
correlations. This problem was addressed in
Ref.~\cite{Ling:2013ksb} for charge fluctuations,
where the ideal gas (Poisson) contribution to $H$ was subtracted
before applying ``freezeout (thermal) smearing'' to the remainder, $H-\bar H$ in our
notations. Thus, maximum entropy approach reproduces, in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:DhatGDhatH2}), the procedure in
Ref.~\cite{Ling:2013ksb} for two-point correlators. The
subtractions of lower order terms in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:hatG}) generalize
this procedure to higher-order correlators.

Fluctuations near the QCD critical point {\em in equilibrium} have
been described by considering a fluctuating critical mode $\sigma$
coupled to the observed particles via their $\sigma$-dependent
masses~Refs.~\cite{Stephanov:1998dy,Stephanov:1999zu,Stephanov:2008qz,Athanasiou:2010kw,Stephanov:2011pb,Bluhm:2016byc}.
This approach was further generalized in Ref.~\cite{Pradeep:2022mkf}
to {\em non-equilibrium } critical fluctuations by mapping the
correlators of $\sigma$ to correlators of the specific entropy
$m\equiv s/n$ -- the critical field in Hydro+
\cite{Stephanov:2017ghc}. We can now compare this approach to the
result of the maximum entropy method by considering only the matrix
element $H^{mm}$ of hydrodynamic correlator $H$ corresponding to the
fluctuations of the specific entropy $m$.

Furthermore, since this approach only
considers the leading (most singular) critical contribution, for our
comparison, we can
neglect lower-order correlations, which contribute subleading behavior
in terms of the dependence on the correlation length near the critical
point~\cite{Stephanov:2008qz}. In practice this means
$\widehat\Delta G_n=\Delta G_n$ up to subleading (less critical) terms.

Translating the freezeout prescription of Ref.~\cite{Pradeep:2022mkf} into
our notations we find:
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:DG-h+fo}
   \Delta G_{AB}  =
   \frac{g_{A}g_{B}}{ZT^2}\frac{m_{A}}{E_{A}}\frac{m_{B}}{E_{B}}\Delta
   H^{\hs\hs} f'_Af'_B\,
 \end{equation}
 (no summation over $A,B$ here).
The maximum entropy freezeout gives
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:DG-maxent2}
   \Delta G_{AB}  = \Delta H^{\hs\hs}
   (\bar H^{-1}P\bG)_{\hs A}(\bar H^{-1}P\bG)_{\hs B}\,.
\end{equation}
Comparing Eqs.~(\ref{eq:DG-h+fo}) and~(\ref{eq:DG-maxent2}) we find
that they could be reconciled if $g_A$ had particle energy
dependence given by the factor $P^m_A=\left(E_A-wq_A/n\right)/(nT)\delta^3(x_m-x_A)$
-- the contribution of
particle~$A$
to the fluctuation of $m=s/n$. The absence of the energy dependence of $g_A$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:DG-h+fo}) is a
consequence of the simplifying assumption that the field $\sigma$
 couples to mass term.
Maximum entropy method allows us to relax
this assumption and determine the ``coupling'' $g_A$ together with its
energy dependence from the equation of state
(EOS) of QCD:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ga2}
  g_{A}
  =\sqrt{Z}\frac{E_A}{m_A}
  \(\bar H^{-1}\)_{\hs\hs}\frac{w_c}{n_c}\(\frac{E_{A}}{
      w_c}-\frac{q_A}{n_c}\)\,,
\end{equation}
where $(\bar H^{-1})_{mm}$ is the hadron gas contribution to the
fluctuations of specific entropy $m$, which can be also found from the
{\em non-singular} contribution to the EOS \cite{Parotto:2018pwx} as
$(\bar H^{-1})_{mm}=n^2/\bar c_p$.

Since the QCD EOS is not known (yet),
we shall demonstrate how to estimate $g_A$ using the parametric EOS
introduced in Ref.~\cite{Parotto:2018pwx}.
First, following Ref.~\cite{Pradeep:2022mkf}, we find
$Z$ by matching the leading singularity in the QCD EOS to that in the
Ising model:
\begin{multline}
  Z=\lim_{T,\mu\rightarrow T_c,\mu_c}\frac{c_pT}{n^2(T\xi)^{2-\eta}}
  =\frac{M_0T_c^4}{h_0n^2_c(T_c\xi_0)^{2-\eta}}\\
 \times  \left(\cot\alpha_1-\frac{s_c}{n_c}\right)^2
  \left[\frac{\sin\alpha_1}{w\sin(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)}\right]^2\,,
\end{multline}
where $w$, $\alpha_{1,2}$ and $\xi_0$ are parameters, defined in
Refs.~\cite{Parotto:2018pwx,Karthein:2021nxe}, which control the
orientation and strength of the critical point singularity located at
$T=T_c$ and $\mu=\mu_c$, with enthalpy given by
$w_c=n_c\mu_c+s_cT_c$. The same expression as in the square brackets
determines the width of the critical region \cite{Pradeep:2019ccv}.
The values of $M_0$ and $h_0$ are fixed in
Ref.~\cite{Parotto:2018pwx}.

Defining $\hat g_A$ so that $g_A\equiv\hat g_A\,
\sin\alpha_1/[w\sin(\alpha_1-\alpha_2)]$, we can use parameters in
Refs.\cite{Parotto:2018pwx,Karthein:2021nxe} ($\mu_c=350\, \text{MeV}$,
$T_c=143.2\, \text{MeV}$, $\xi_0=1\, \text{fm}$) to estimate the values of the
couplings at zero momentum
($\bm p_A=\bm0$): $\hat g_{p,\bm0}\approx-3.1$,
$\hat g_{\pi,\bm0}\approx0.18$, $\hat g_{\bar
  p,\bm0}\approx5.5$.

The
approach in
Refs.~\cite{Stephanov:1998dy,Stephanov:1999zu,Stephanov:2008qz,Athanasiou:2010kw,Stephanov:2011pb,Bluhm:2016byc,Pradeep:2022mkf}
leading to Eq.~(\ref{eq:DG-h+fo}) leaves
not only the magnitude, but also
the sign of $g_A$  undetermined. While the overall sign can be
changed by redefining the critical field $\sigma$, the relative
sign of $g_A$ for different particles, or different momenta of the
same particle, i.e., different $A$, is not arbitrary and can be found
in the maximum entropy approach using Eq.~(\ref{eq:ga2}).

Thus, we find that the critical mode
coupling to (low momentum) protons is opposite in sign from the coupling to
either pions or antiprotons. This can be traced back to the fact that
fluctuations of the number of protons contribute to the fluctuations
of the ratio $s/n$ with opposite sign from that of pions or antiprotons, since
pions contribute to the numerator, while protons (mostly) to the
denominator of the ratio.

Experimental implications of the changing sign of $g_A$ could be
studied by considering cross-species
correlators discussed in Ref.\cite{Athanasiou:2010kw} or
correlations between particles with different momenta, i.e.,
$A\neq B$. In both cases
one would expect anticorrelation when the product $g_Ag_B\sim P^m_AP^m_B$
is negative.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
Maximum entropy principle is widely used in many applications in
statistics, information theory, economics,
biology and bioinformatics, data science, computation, pattern
recognition, etc. Of course, thermodynamics itself is based on that
very principle. The thermodynamic state is, by definition, the state
of maximum entropy, i.e., the most likely ensemble of microscopic
states, given the known (i.e., measured) properties of the system,
such as total energy. The application to freezeout could be viewed as
answering the question of what is the most likely ensemble of
free-streaming particles after freezeout given the information about
the hydrodynamic conditions before the freezeout.

The key idea is that this information could include not only the values of
mean quantities but also of the hydrodynamic fluctuations (i.e.,
correlators $H_n$) out of equilibrium. These can be obtained, for example, from
a Hydro+ calculation
\cite{Stephanov:2017ghc,Rajagopal:2019xwg,Du:2020bxp,Pradeep:2022mkf},
or by solving full hydrodynamic fluctuation equations~\cite{An:2019osr,An:2019csj,An:2020vri}. Maximum entropy freezeout then determines the most likely ensemble
of  free-streaming final particles which matches all this available
information (equation of state and the predictions of hydrodynamics
with fluctuations).

Remarkably, the results are consistent with the picture, already
considered in the literature, of hadron gas coupled to fluctuating
fields inducing correlations. This not only corroborates
the picture, but provides a nontrivial insight into the entropic
origin of the correlations. Crucial for practical applications,
the maximum entropy approach provides information about the couplings
determining the magnitude of the correlations as well as the generalization
to non-Gaussian fluctuations in or out of equilibrium.

Obviously, it would be very interesting to implement this novel
approach in heavy-ion collision simulations
to explore the potential implications and to compare the
results with experimental data. In particular, the data from the Beam Energy
Scan at RHIC, whose results are being analyzed by the STAR
collaboration at this time. Such applications
are beyond the scope of this Letter and we defer these
investigations to future work.

This work is supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear
Physics within the framework of the BEST Topical Collaboration and
grant No.\ DE-FG0201ER41195.

\bibliographystyle{utphys}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Bay Area Criminal Defense Blog
NFL Prospect Avoids DUI Thanks to Police Dash Cam
Posted by Lynn Gorelick | May 01, 2015 | 0 Comments
We've all seen footage from police dashboard cameras that show drunk drivers acting very drunk. Police can use this footage later on in court, as evidence that the driver is intoxicated, and unfit to drive. But in some cases, the dash camera footage can help a driver, to show that the police officer's version of the facts were different than what the video demonstrated. However, for one Florida driver, it was what the camera didn't show, that led to his DUI charges getting dropped altogether.
P.J. Williams is a projected top round pick for the upcoming NFL draft. The cornerback from Florida State University was named defensive MVP of the 2014 BCS National Championship, and declared himself draft eligible after his junior year. The FSU police may not have wanted to let him go so quickly, as they placed him under arrest earlier this month for a suspected DUI.
According to the Florida State University Police report, Williams was pulled overaround 3 a.m., driving out of a McDonald's parking lot in Tallahassee. The officer observed the car stopping at a green light, then making an illegal left turn. The officer also indicated Williams was swerving over the lane divider several times.
When questioned, Williams apparently admitted to drinking several hours earlier, but stated he was not drunk when he got behind the wheel of his car. Williams refused both a breathalyzer and a blood test, but submitted to field sobriety testing. The police relied on his field sobriety tests to justify Williams' arrest. Unfortunately for the police, "significant portions of the DUI investigation werenot captured on video because of the positioning of the police car."
According to Jonathan Simon, Williams' attorney, the Florida assistant state attorney chose to drop the DUI charges because there was not enough evidence to support their case, and the evidence they did have contrasted the police report. The officers claims that Williams showed impairment when he stepped out of the car could not be verified. The state said, that based on the video evidence they had, a jury would not be able to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Williams was driving under the influence of alcohol.
Williams said he does not want to put himself in that position again. In conversations he's had with prospective teams, Williams said, "this situation doesn't define me. I'm a great teammate, I'm a student of the game. I'm a good person, a good man, a family man. I'm not going to make mistakes that hurt the team or hurt the organization."
In light of the number of NFL players charged with driving under the influence, the NFL recently revamped their substance abuse police. Before, when a player was convicted of a DUI, they would be docked pay but there were no game suspensions. Now, a DUI conviction carries a mandatory two-game suspension. In spite of the new policy, four NFL players have already been arrested this year for driving while intoxicated.
At the Gorelick Law Offices, attorney Lynn Gorelick has dedicated her legal career to defending people charged with driving under the influence in the East Bay. For more than 30 years, she has personally handled hundreds of cases, successfully defending people both in Court and in Administrative Per Se hearings with the DMV. If you have been arrested for a DUI anywhere in the East Bay, there is still time to keep the conviction off your record, and keep your driving privileges. You do not have to plead guilty just because you were arrested. Contact a local East Bay DUI defense attorney who will investigate your case, including gathering all video and audio dash cam evidence, and make sure you get the justice you deserve.
Lynn Gorelick
Lynn Gorelick has been an attorney for over 36 years. She is the Attorney Lynn Gorelick is the Immediate Past President of the California DUI Lawyers Association and a Faculty and Sustaining member of the National College of DUI Defense. Lynn is a Specialist Member of the California DUI Lawyers Association and lectures frequently to other attorneys regarding DUI and DMV issues.


text:
Barratt problem concrete frames and cladding bill hits £163m
Barratt has confirmed the cost for rectifying concrete design defects and unsafe cladding at several blocks has risen to £163.1m – and could go even higher.
Serious concrete cracking at Croydon's Citiscape scheme prompted a review of 26 other buildings
Problems with several multi-storey concrete frames built over 10 years ago were uncovered during post-Grenfell cladding and building checks.
Significant structural problems were found at its Citiscape residential high-rise in Croydon town centre last year which had suffered large cracks.
This prompted Barratt to survey 26 other developments where reinforced concrete frames were designed for Barratt by either the same original engineering firm or by other companies within the group of companies which has since acquired it.
In a trading statement today the house builder said it has incurred charges of £163.1m since 2018 in respect of legacy properties with £85.6m of that yet to be spent.
It added: "Whilst the charges reflect the current best estimate of the extent and future costs of work required, as assessments and work progresses or if Government legislation and regulation further evolves, estimates will be updated."
The figures were contained in a first quarter trading statement this morning which was full of more positive news.
Construction activity continued to rise with 321 homes built a week as forward sales recovered to historic levels.
David Thomas, Chief Executive said: "We have seen strong demand for our high quality, energy efficient homes on well-designed developments which means we now expect to increase wholly owned completions to between 16,000 and 16,250 homes this year, along with around 650 JV home completions.
"As construction activity has increased our employees and sub-contractors have worked hard to maintain our high standards of quality and service and we are proud that for the 12th successive year, our customers have rated us as a 5 star housebuilder."


Penang Monthly - Is Penang's Street Food Fading Away?
Siam Road char koay teow's Tan Chooi Hong.
When the beloved Siam Road char koay teow "uncle" – as Tan Chooi Hong is fondly known – was rumoured to have retired last June, many Penangites were devastated.
For decades, Uncle Tan's dish had captivated the taste buds of many a customer. It even made its way onto the world map in 2017 when it was ranked 14th in the Top 50 World Street Food Masters listed by the World Street Food Congress.
Fortunately, the rumours that Uncle Tan was throwing in the towel were dispelled in July. Together with his son, he has now opened their own kopitiam selling char koay teow near the place where their stall used to be.
To be sure, Uncle Tan is approaching his 80s – almost 20 years over the national retirement age. His son, 53, will take over when he finally does retire, but how much longer can he continue his father's legacy beyond that – and who will continue after him?
All across Penang, hawkers face the same dilemma as Uncle Tan – they are ageing and they have no young blood to succeed them.
Porridge shop on Lebuh Kimberley.
On Gurney Drive, there is a Malay hawker who has been hawking since he was 19 years old. Together with his father, they would move from road side to road side, selling their homemade satay. Today, he is 49, and together with his wife, they continue to ply their trade at the Gurney Drive hawker centre. However, their son, who is currently pursuing an undergraduate degree, does not want to take over the family business, and it is likely that his family's satay recipe will be lost in time.
This is part of an alarming trend where local youths are unwilling to pursue hawking as a profession. Since 2014, Penang's hawking industry has been experiencing a decline; Singapore, on the other hand, is seeing its numbers steadily rise (Figure 1).
Traditionally, food hawking was pursued by people from a lower socio-economic stratum. It was one of the few choices they felt they had, with their limited schooling.
While food hawking may be an integral part of Penang's heritage, hawkers look at it from a very different perspective. To them, it is a tough job – they work long hours; many of them operate six days a week and do at least seven hours each day, not inclusive of preparation and cleaning time done outside their standard business hours. Their work is laborious and they have to endure strong heat from the wok under less-than-pleasant environments.
Although hawking is arguably a very lucrative business, with many food hawkers earning a profit well above Penang's median household income, most do not want their children to follow in their footsteps and they would rather that the kids pursue higher education to land a less-physically arduous job.
Centuries of cultural assimilation and layers of culinary innovation by traders and settlers from around the globe have come to define the taste of Penang food. Its preservation could be sought in two ways: either by ensuring the Penang taste stays as it is; or by preserving the spirit of culinary innovation that resulted in the Penang food we know today.
Inexpensiveness is a strong trait of Penang street food. There have been numerous successful upscaling of hawker stalls into restaurants, but while these maintain taste and authenticity, their prices have increased significantly to accommodate rent and other costs. Some may argue that the price hikes are necessary to improve the socio-economic status of hawkers, while others argue that it goes against the spirit of inexpensive Penang food.
Improvements to the working environment of food hawkers can attract new entrants into the industry and elevate the status of the profession. Some initiatives that can be undertaken include introducing a Penang culinary arts programme, enforcing higher premise standards in hawker centres, encouraging food hawkers to save in the national retirement scheme, providing upscale assistance to food hawkers, and establishing an entrepreneurship incubator for aspiring food hawkers.
Ultimately, the act of preservation is an act of balancing. It is highly unlikely that we can fully preserve Penang's food hawking heritage. As time goes by, some aspects of food hawking will live on, while other aspects will inevitably fade away.
While food hawking may be an integral part of Penang's heritage, hawkers look at it from a very different perspective. To them, it is a tough job – they work long hours; many of them operate six days a week and do at least seven hours each day, not inclusive of preparation and cleaning time done outside their standard business hours.
Famous Penang street food: (Top) Penang Road cendol and (bottom) Air Itam laksa.
Nicholas Chong is a board game enthusiast, novice magician, martial arts practitioner, and laksa fanatic. He claims to know all the best laksa spots in Penang.
Mangroves: Useful Protectors of Our Coasts!


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In the eighties researchers found that cows consumed the pelleted feed more rapidly than other forms of feed like coarse mix, crumbles and meal. Compared with traditional cattle feed, cattle feed pellets show more advantages. Cattle feed pellets can satisfy the nutritional need of cattle and help cattle gain weight fast, and produce more milk than traditional feed like chopped straw. As we all know, powder of chopped straw can stack in the cattle's stomach and caused cattle tumor and indigestion diseases. However, with pelleted shape, the cattle feed pellets are with no such problems, and they contain more nutrition. Cattle feed pellets can not only improve the cattle performance but also improve the ratio of feed pellets conversion.
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2. Molasses, up to a maximum of 3%.
Note: for animals in lactation, dry animals, and heifers from the sixth month of pregnancy, maximum daily amount of feed pellets is 2 kg/head/day.
♦ Beef cattle. People feed beef for their meat. So the feed pellets should contain enough protein to meet the demand and help beef gain weight fast.
Alfalfa, hay, barley, bermuda grass, corn, cotton, cottonseed hulls, oats, sorghum, soybeans, soybean hulls, wheat, wheat bran, meal, Vitamin A acetate, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Vitamin E supplement and so on.
How to Make Quality Cattle Feed Pellets ?
1. Crushing: crush raw materials by feed hammer mill to get fine grinded ingredients.
2. Mixing:all of the ingredients are mixed in a feed pellet blender for a period of time to get a uniform mix. Then a moist, cohesive mash was obtained at end of the final mixing.
3. Pelletizing: after mixing, the mash was delivered to the pellet mill feeder. It is fed into the feed pellet machine and then to the roller and die extruder. (Note: feed pellet better for home use) When the mash is compacted through the die, soft, moist pellets were formed. The extruded pellets have a moisture content of 16-17%.
4. Drying: the wet pellets are dried to obtain moisture content below 12%.


text:
Clarifying UNHCR Resettlement: A few considerations from a legal perspective
The resettlement of a refugee to a third country from the country in which he or she first sought asylum is one of the three durable solutions (voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement) that the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is mandated to seek, in addition to its core function of providing international protection to its persons of concern.
Academic studies on refugee resettlement under the auspices of UNHCR are largely classified into three disciplinary approaches. One is a historical approach that examines the evolution of UNHCR resettlement in the macro-political landscape. The second approach is anthropological and reveals the micro-politics most specifically related to the identification of
refugees for resettlement . The third approach is to examine resettlement from a legal viewpoint; only a few studies have been conducted from this perspective.3 One critique of UNHCR resettlement notes that it 'lacks a clear definition and it has been manipulated as a major tool for States to apply discretionary policies.'4 In particular, the resettlement of African refugees 'has been shaped by the continuing tension between political imperatives and humanitarian obligations.'5 It is also noted that these three durable solutions 'find loose support from legal instruments and are mainly derived from the regular practice of states and international organisations.' Consequently, 'they are embedded in a complex set of political, economic, and strategic interests that often go far beyond humanitarian concerns on refugees' protection.'
The UNHCR resettlement operates within a complex matrix of human rights, humanitarian and political considerations. It is therefore essential that we carefully analyse the two propositions that have been made: first, that there is no clear definition of resettlement, and second, that resettlement has only loose support from legal instruments. There has been no studies conducted that analysed the resettlement mechanisms in relation to legal frameworks. Close examinations of the definition and the functions of resettlement would achieve more clarity on the UNHCR resettlement.


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text:
6:45 am10 Dec 2010
Panthers Maul Capitals 3-0
'Vokoun Keeps the Puck Out'
courtesy of 'clydeorama'
The Florida Panthers came to town last night with a losing record but a hot goalie. The latter proved to be the difference. Florida netminder Tomas Vokoun turned away all 36 shots to earn a shutout on the way to a 3-0 victory over the listless Caps last night at Verizon Center. The Caps dropped their fourth straight contest, going 0-8 on the power play. It was the first time the Panthers had won a game in regulation in nearly three weeks.
Washington dominated play in the first period, outshooting Florida 18-6. The Caps had five straight power plays in the first period – including nearly two minutes of 5-on-3 action – but were unable to slip one past Vokoun. As well as Vokoun played, however, the Capitals' power play lacked energy, with players content to pass the puck around the perimeter and very little presence in front of the net. The best opportunity came when Alex Ovechkin took a shot from 30 feet and beat Vokoun cleanly on the glove side, only to watch the puck bounce harmlessly off the post. Failing to take advantage of opportunities doomed the Caps. "We had, I think, 20 minutes of power play" said Ovechkin. "We didn't play how we have to play. We played so casual and you can see the results."
'Ovehckin Shoots'
The Caps woes on the man advantage continued into the second period. The Panthers took two more minor penalties, but the Caps again failed to convert. Vokoun seemed to be wearing down the Caps, and Washington played without urgency. By the middle of the period, the ice tilted in favor of Florida. "We survived that first period with hard work and a little bit of luck and it gave us momentum," said Vokoun. "After that I think we played pretty well."
Over the course of any hockey game, the penalties tend to even out. Sure enough, five of the last six infractions of the game went against the Capitals. Late in the second period the Panthers got a 5-on-3 power play of their own; the Caps killed off both penalties, and the home crowd came alive in appreciation of the Caps' effort. But the Panthers maintained their aggressive play in the Washington zone. On a scrum in front of the Caps net, Michael Frolik was able to lift a loose puck over Varlamov to break the tie with one second left in the period. "I just go to the net and shoot it," said Frolik. "For sure it was an important goal. I think that helped us."
The cat was out of the bag by the time the third period started. Many fans had gone home and the Caps came out flat. Vokoun was still making saves, and the Caps were unable to generate quality scoring chances. Steve Bernier made it 2-0 for the Panthers on an easy tap into an open goal after a broken play. Mike Santorelli put the game away with a nifty move around Varlamov on the power play with two and a half minutes remaining to make it 3-0. In striking contrast to the Caps' long-distance shots, all three of the Panthers' goals came from within six feet of the net.
"At the end of the first period, we started to try to do things as individuals instead of collectively. When that happens, it's tough," said Caps coach Bruce Boudreau. "You have to get production out of your best players and it's not happening for us right now."
The Caps next game is at home against the Colorado Avalanche on Saturday. The puck drops at 7pm at Verizon Center. Also, if you live in the Reston area, don't miss Peter Bondra on Sunday morning at the Reston Skating Pavilion.
Will Packard
Will moved to DC 33 years ago to go to college and never left. By day he is the director of finance at an interactive marketing agency near Dupont Circle. When not hanging out at Kettler Iceplex or Verizon Center, he can often be found out rowing on the Potomac River or searching for the perfect burrito.
This entry was posted in: capitals hockey, The Daily Feed
Tagged capitals, caps, caps hockey, Florida Panthers, hockey, nhl
One thought on "Panthers Maul Capitals 3-0"
Frank Packard on December 10, 2010 at 10:00 pm said:
one of the best parts of the Capital orhanization is the spirited writing they inspire in the Blogosphere!
See Will's RSS Feed More By Will


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Multimodal Deep Q-Network (MDQN) for modelling human-like social intelligence.
Demo app showing usage of the Activity Recognition Transition API.


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Home »» list »» Why is shipping from China free?
Why is shipping from China free?
Why is shipping from China free? There are a lot of discussions going around online about Chinese free shipping. How can Chinese posting service be free? Are there any online stores in China that will send the goods for free and you will not have to pay any extra cash for the parcel? Why is shipping from China free?
So why is shipping from China free and where is the catch in free shipping?
It comes down to the fact that "free shipping" is already included in the price! This is logical. It can't just be that goods will teleport to your place.
When Chinese will invent a teleport then delivery will be really free! No doubts they would want to earn some extra cash on it too. In general, don't be naive and don't think that Chinese are so generous and parcels are really sent free of charge.
It should be noted that seller pays very small amount of money for the delivery of small items. Simply we don't feel the amount being paid. In addition, there are different ways to reduce the costs of delivery.
For example it is cheaper to send the goods to the seller by non tracked ordinary mail if you pay 2$ for back cover of your smartphone. And it appears to be a common practice in Aliexpress. You will not be provided by tracking number in this case. However you will need to carefully monitor the counter of days and in case of not receiving the goods on time, you should open the dispute!
Also it is possible to use private transport companies which carry consolidated goods to the Chinese outward city, thereby saving on lead time. It's worth to note that the cost of consolidated goods delivery in containers is very cheap. Some big Chinese online stores owe their own warehouses in Europe, United States or Russia.
A lot of people think that Chinese government subsidizes parcels to stimulate it's economy. This statement is completely wrong. Chinese government doesn't subsidize their post office. The thing is that the Universal Postal Union (UPU) establishes the rates for what it calls "terminal dues". Terminal dues are the fees which a country can charge another country for delivering incoming mail. The formula used to calculate terminal dues is quite complex, but they set the lower prices for so called "transitional" countries and actual costs are compensated by "developed" countries. Therefore it is more expensive to send goods from US to China than vise versa. China will likely be transitioned in 2016 into a category for more developed nations, who generally pay higher terminal dues and therefore the price of online Chinese goods can jump.
Anyway currently worldwide customers can enjoy Chinese free shipping (in other words very cheap shipping) and that is why shipping from China is free.
Actually, he is right about Chinese Govt. not paying.. it is true..
hard to believe but it is true, the US Govt pays and subsidizes.
worst negotiations.. maybe people will listen. doubt it.
I would like to confirm about shipping from China to Calgary(Canada).
Hi my name is Lucky from South Africa.I'm trying to buy handwrist watches from China,but my problem is the amount that they charge for shipping.if I make a bigger oreder the price for shipping it gets,even more expensive,expensive than the price of watches.my question is how is that possible and can you help me to find a supplier who will help me pay less for shipping.please your help will be much appreciated.send a reply to my email adress.
Show the right information to the world please.
The companies don't pay for shipping from China because China Post is free.
China Post is a state-owned enterprise.
Show the world why China Post is a state-owned enterprise.
Teach the world what is democracy.


It was like camping in the woods. Ellen White and her granddaughter, Ella, shared a tent that had been pitched on a great stretch of land in Cooranbong, Australia. Lots of other tents had been put up near them too.
A new school was to be built on the land. But before anything could be constructed the land needed to be cleared. Some of the trees were enormous. They were more than 100 feet tall. Most of these big trees had to be dug out by the roots. In order to uproot them, men with teams of six or eight oxen had to do the job. The strong oxen would pull a big plow, which would break up the soil and tear away at the wide-growing roots.
Ellen and Ella enjoyed watching the team work. Soon Ellen noticed something strange. The strongest looking ox of one team, which also seemed to be the leader, had leather flaps or blinders around his eyes. This meant that the ox could only see what was in front of him and couldn't notice anything around him. She wondered why. When the team took a rest, Ellen and Ella climbed over some of the big logs to ask the man who was working the team about the ox with the blinders.
He told them that he put the blinders on so the ox would think that the master was watching him all the time. Apparently this big strong ox was actually quite lazy, and a bad influence too. If the master stopped looking at him for a moment to check on the plough, the big ox would immediately notice and stop working. As soon as he stopped, he would drag all the other oxen to a standstill too.
In their tent that night Ellen and Ella spoke about the ox with the blinders. Ellen thought that the ox reminded her of some Christians. If they think someone important is watching them, they behave as Christians should. They are kind and do what they are supposed to. But the moment they think no one is watching, they begin behaving in an unchristian way, saying and doing mean things. Ellen thought it would be a good idea if each of us kept our eyes on Jesus and remembered that He does see and hear everything.
This story can be found in Marian de Berg, Stories From Sunnyside, pp. 46, 47.


text:
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- Section -АналітыкаПадзеі
"Espionage". Supreme Court changed wording in Katsiaryna Andreyeva's case while uphelding the verdict
The court session was held in camera on 20 September.
Bobruisky Kurier chief editor Anatol Sanatsenka detained
As BAJ learned from Babruisk journalists, Sanatsenka was arrested for 15 days under unascertained circumstances.
Remembrance Day for Fallen Journalists of Ukraine marked by exhibition presenting work of media workers during the war in Vilnius
Every year on the third Friday of September in Ukraine, Remembrance Day for Fallen Journalists is celebrated. It was established at the initiative of the National Union of Journalists to pay homage to colleagues who died in the line of duty. Commemorative events are traditionally held on the anniversary of the disappearance of Georgiy Gongadze.
Help for the family of Denis Ivashin, a journalist on trial for "treason against the state"
Journalist Jauhen Merkis is in detention, searches are underway in connection with his criminal case
Journalist and local historian Jauhen Merkis from Homel was detained on September 13. The policemen also searched the apartment Jauhen rents and seized data carriers.
Belarus: Journalist Denis Ivashin shockingly sentenced to 13 years in prison
The Grodno Regional Court sentenced, on Wednesday 14 September, the Belarusian journalist Denis Ivashin to 13 years and one month in prison. The European and International Federations of Journalists (EFJ-IFJ) join their affiliate in Belarus, the Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ), in denouncing this travesty of justice and demanding his immediate release. Help for the family of Denis Ivashin, a journalist on trial for "treason against the state"
BAJ reached out to UN Special Rapporteur regarding Dzianis Ivashyn's case
In a letter to the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the Belarusian Association of Journalists told the officer about the gross violation of the right to freedom of expression of Belarusian journalist Dzianis Ivashyn. BAJ hopes for an immediate reaction from the UN Human Rights Council.
Imprisoned journalist Pavel Mazheika's personal website launched on International Day of Solidarity of Journalists
On 30 August, a well-known public figure and journalist Pavel Mazheika was arrested in Hrodna. He is in custody in the local pre-trial detention center.
Belsat journalist Darya Chultsova released after two years in penal colony
Belsat TV journalist Darya Chultsova got released after serving a full two-year sentence in a women's penal colony in Homiel. She was convicted, along with journalist Katsaryna Andreyeva, for covering the demonstrations in Minsk on November 15, 2020. The authorities accused them of controlling the riots. 27 media representatives remain in prisons in Belarus.
Swedish FOJO Institute celebrates its 50th anniversary. Half of that time, it supports Belarusian media sector
For half of its 50 years of activity, the Swedish Institute for Advanced Training of Journalists has closely cooperated with BAJ. During this time, literally all Belarusian independent editorial teams participated in FOJO's educational programs.
*Belarusian Association of Journalists
Copyright © 2008-2023 Belarusian Association of Journalists
16-265 Kaĺvaryjskaja str., 220004 Minsk, e-mail: press@baj.by


text:
package quarks.test.metrics;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.SortedMap;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.codahale.metrics.ConsoleReporter;
import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
import com.codahale.metrics.Histogram;
import com.codahale.metrics.Meter;
import com.codahale.metrics.MetricFilter;
import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;

import quarks.execution.DirectSubmitter;
import quarks.metrics.Metrics;
import quarks.metrics.MetricsSetup;
import quarks.test.topology.TopologyAbstractTest;
import quarks.topology.TStream;
import quarks.topology.Topology;
import quarks.topology.tester.Condition;

@Ignore("Test disabled until we figure out Metrics naming and default reporters")
public abstract class MetricsConsoleReporterTest extends TopologyAbstractTest {

    private final MetricRegistry metricRegistry = new MetricRegistry();
    private final ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    private final PrintStream output = new PrintStream(bytes);
    private final ConsoleReporter reporter = ConsoleReporter.forRegistry(metricRegistry)
            .outputTo(output)
            .formattedFor(Locale.US)
            .convertRatesTo(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .convertDurationsTo(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
            .filter(MetricFilter.ALL)
            .build();

    // Register Metrics service before each test.
    @Before
    public void createMetricRegistry() {
        MetricsSetup.withRegistry(((DirectSubmitter<?,?>)getSubmitter()).getServices(), metricRegistry);
        // Don't start reporter thread as report is generated inside the test method
        // reporter.start(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    @Test
    public void reportsCounterValues() throws Exception {
        Topology t = newTopology();
        String[] data = new String[] {"a"};
        TStream<String> s = t.strings(data);
        s = Metrics.counter(s);

        waitUntilComplete(t, s, data);

        reporter.report(this.<Gauge>map(),
                        this.metricRegistry.getCounters(),
                        this.<Histogram>map(),
                        this.<Meter>map(),
                        this.<Timer>map());

        assertEquals(
                linesToString(
                        "-- Counters --------------------------------------------------------------------",
                        "XXX.CounterOp",
                        "             count = 1",
                        "",
                        ""
                ),
                lines(2, consoleOutput()));
    }

    private <T> SortedMap<String, T> map() {
        return new TreeMap<String, T>();
    }

    private String consoleOutput() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        return bytes.toString("UTF-8");
    }

    /**
     * Return substring starting with the line specified by startLine
     * (0-based).
     */
    private String lines(int startLine, String s) {
        String lines[] = s.split("\\r?\\n");
        return linesToString(startLine, lines);
    }

    /**
     * Coalesce the given lines into a single string starting with the
     * line specified by startLine (0-based).
     */
    private String linesToString(int startLine, String... lines) {
        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
            if (i >= startLine) {
                String line = lines[i];
                builder.append(line).append(String.format("%n"));
            }
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }

    private String linesToString(String... lines) {
        return linesToString(0, lines);
    }

    private void waitUntilComplete(Topology t, TStream<String> s, String[] data) throws Exception {
        Condition<Long> tc = t.getTester().tupleCount(s, data.length);
        complete(t, tc);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Artificial Intelligence Research at Edinburgh
Examples of research
SICSA
The Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA) is a collaboration of leading Scottish Universities.
They work together to consolidate and develop Scotland's position as an international research leader in informatics and computer science (ICS).
In Scotland, SICSA has one of the five biggest top-quality research clusters in ICS in the world, with more than 200 world-class academic researchers.
It also represents the foremost cluster of ICS research in the UK: about 16% of the very best research output comes from Scotland, and SICSA members hold about 20% of national ICS research funds.
For more information on SICSA please visit the SICSA website at:
http://www.sicsa.ac.uk/
Next Generation Internet
Multimodal Interaction
SICSA is currently funding more than 30 academic posts across Scotland and allocates 20 prize studentships across SICSA per year. SICSA also has funding to support research events, visits from distinguished visitors and student summer school and training events. For more information see:
SICSA Vacancies
There are thirteen universities collaborating through SICSA.
Department of Computing Science
University of Abertay
School of Computing and Engineering Systems & Institute of Arts, Media and Computer Games
Institute for Informatics & Digital Innovation
Glasgow Caledonian University
School of Engineering and Computing
Heriot Watt University
Department of Computer Science and Mathematics
Department of Computer and Information Sciences
University of the West of Scotland
For more information please contact us at:
admin@sicsa.ac.uk
SICSA website
SICSA on Wikipedia
This article was published on 21 Dec, 2018