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Posts Tagged 'Napoleonic Wars'
Posted: July 12, 2015 in History, Slavery
Tags: American history, Dirt-eating, Earth-eating, Elizabeth Gaskell, English history, Geophagia, Impressment, Napoleonic Wars, Press Gangs, Royal Navy, Slave punishment, slavery, Sylvia's Lovers, West Indies, William Wilberforce
As long as civilization has existed the majority has always been deprived of its liberty and its voice. It has been literally and figuratively muzzled. You can look anywhere in the world and to any period in history and you will find that this is so. I recently discovered a very strange link between two such barbarities – between press-ganged English sailors and the 'dirt-eating masks' many African slaves were made to wear in America. Both sets of people had their voice removed, and although the reasons seem quite distinct they are really just separate manifestations of a more central truth.
Whitby, Yorkshire – The setting for Gaskell's Novel and a town much plagued by press-gangs
In 1863, the English novelist Elizabeth Gaskell published Sylvia's Lovers, set in a fictional Whitby, Yorkshire ('Monkshaven'), at the start of the Napoleonic Wars. The novel is both a typical nineteenth century tragic love story and a strident denunciation of the evils of British naval impressment. I explained in a recent short article that by 1793 seventy-five percent of the crews of British naval vessels consisted of prisoners of war, convicts and those forced into service. Sailors, their families, their friends and whole communities tried to evade the rapacious press-gangs whenever and wherever they could. When they couldn't, they fought back. Sometimes hundreds of people would turn out, armed as they best could, to prevent their men being hauled away 'like slaves or criminals', first to rot in offshore 'tenders' lined with metal to stop them hacking away the wood to escape, and then to serve at His Majesty's pleasure in ships of the Royal Navy – often never to return. Throughout the eighteenth century people also tried to escape the gangs by recourse to the law and the courts. Although they occasionally had some success, the law, the judges and the politicians, the ruling elite, were usually against them. The government wanted to fight its wars on distant fields and seas and if the common people didn't show enough alacrity by volunteering in sufficient numbers to man the growing Royal Navy, then they would have to simply be ripped from their homes, from their taverns and from merchant vessels and forced to serve.
In Sylvia's Lovers, the eponymous heroine's father, Daniel, who had been impressed some years previously during the 'American War' (or Revolution if you like), decided to resist the press-gangs when they returned again to the town to collect fodder for the war with France. There was a major riot and the people of the town chased the gangs away. But retribution soon followed and Daniel was hanged as an example. The story was based on true events in Whitby of 1793 and Daniel's fate was based on the hanging of a certain William Atkinson:
William Atkinson, Hannah Hobson, John Harrison late of the parish of Whitby in the North Riding committed Feb. 26th, 1793, charged on subpoena of a Felony in having with divers other persons then unknown, on Sat. 23d of the same month about nine o'clock at night riotously assembled themselves together against the peace of our Lord the King, and with force and arms, unlawfully begun to pull down and demolish the dwelling House of John Cooper of Whitby aforesaid Shoe Maker… William Atkinson, hanged 13th April, 1793. Calendar of Felons and Malefactors tried at the Assizes at York on the 18th day of March, 1793.
William Wilberforce – The anti-slavery campaigner
Only with Napoleon's defeat did the movement for the abolition of impressment start to gain strength. Although by the time Gaskell wrote her book she could write in it, 'Now all this tyranny (for I can use no other word) is marvellous to us; we cannot imagine how it is that a nation submitted to it for so long, even under any warlike enthusiasm, any panic of invasion, any amount of loyal subservience to the governing powers', impressment was never actually legally abolished and came back in different guises throughout the, misnamed, nineteenth century 'Pax Britannica', finally to be replaced by explicit conscription during the First World War. One of the most vociferous advocates of impressment abolition was Thomas Urquhart. Released, he tells us, from any feeling of patriotic duty once the war against the French had been won, he started a long campaign of writing to the Admiralty, to politicians and to the' great and the good' to try to persuade them that impressment was a crime against every Englishman's birth right of liberty and was comparable to slavery.
In 1816, in a public letter to William Wilberforce, the leading anti-slavery campaigner, Urquhart wrote:
I have been anxiously waiting for the present period, when the foes of our country are subdued, to address you on the subject of Slavery. The great and unwearied efforts you have made to suppress the traffic of human flesh will transmit your name with honor, as a man and Christian, to the most remote posterity. You have at last received the noblest reward in the success which has crowned your labours; and the treaty just concluded with France, consecrates your exertions, whilst it shews what a single individual, impelled by an honest zeal, is capable of performing. This perseverance and this success in behalf of the negro, encourages me to claim your powerful aid, in order to redress another grievance equally glaring and where the sufferers have a much stronger title than the African, to your sympathy. The sufferers are Britons; and what is more, to their courage and intrepidity the country is principally indebted for the prosperity and security she now enjoys.
I belong myself to this class of men, whose hardships have been so long and so unaccountably neglected ; and whilst you, Sir, and other philanthropists ranged the earth, in order to break the fetters of the slave, you disregarded with singular inconsistency, the ill treatment which the British seaman, the guardian of your independence, has been obliged to endure. In his cause no bolts of eloquence were shot, no commiseration was excited ; and whilst he encountered death in every form, and raised the fame of Britain to the highest elevation that can be reached, his ill treatment, though more galling than that of the negro, because he was born and bred up with the rights and feelings of a free man, remain unnoticed and unredressed.
Despite his rather objectionable comparison of the relative 'title' of the slaves and the seamen, Urquhart wasn't against the abolition of slavery:
It is not my intention to defend the principle or the practice of slavery; I am only anxious that the persons who have displayed so much fervour, zeal, and perseverance in attacking both, would look at home, and try to correct the evils to which I have called your attention in the course of this letter. To the condition of the lower classes in this and every other country, hardships are attached, which demand as much sympathy as the case of the African.
Yet he does suggest that escaped slaves were happy to return to their owners, while impressed seamen never returned to the Royal Navy willingly:
I have known a concern in one of those islands (the West Indies) which had from twenty to thirty negroes, most of whom were sailors, and who during the late war, were captured, some once, twice, and even thrice, and were conveyed to that land of liberty and equality, Guadeloupe, all of whom voluntarily returned to their owners as soon as they could get away, except one who could not be accounted for; but this you will perhaps say was a rare instance. Sir, I could produce various of the same kind, as well attested as any other fact, and which would shew that no small share of exaggeration has prevailed on the subject ; however, it substantiates the truth of my comparison, and I might go farther, and ask, if there be one instance on record, of mercantile seamen who had been impressed into the naval service, with the same opportunity to evade it, ever voluntarily returning to it again?
He then makes this (for us) perhaps rather strange observation:
In the print-shops in London, a negro is represented with an iron mouth-piece, and this exhibition has been made with a view to make the public suppose, that this mouth-piece is put on to prevent the slave from eating sugar or cane; yet the whole of the inference intended to be drawn from this subject is false.
(When I say this, I mean as to the cause ascribed for the use of it. That it may have been put upon a negro for a criminal act, as punishment, I can believe, although I never saw it done, or heard of its being done. In this country for the game act, you perhaps would have put a rope round his neck)
There is a distemper to which negroes are subject and at which time they are in the habit, unless forcibly prevented, of eating earth; at this time their mouth is covered until a cure can be effected. This is the secret of the terrific mouth-piece, which has been the topic of so much invective against West Indians.
Slave wearing a dirt-eater mask
He was referring to what are now called 'Dirt-Eater Masks'. These were just one of numerous barbaric punishments and humiliations inflicted on African slaves in North America, in the West Indies and in South America.
But were these masks really 'designed' to prevent the slaves eating dirt? The answer seems to be 'Yes… but'. I'll first try to explain the 'yes' and later the more tricky question of 'but'.
Dirt-eating's Latin medical name is Geophagia: 'The deliberate consumption of earth, soil or clay.' Surprising as it may seem, this practice goes back millennia in Europe and Africa. It still exists today. In fact it is a sub-category of Pica, 'a term that comes from the Latin for magpie, a bird with indiscriminate eating habits'. The American Psychiatric Association defines Pica as, 'persistent eating of non-nutritional substances that is inappropriate to developmental level (sic), occurs outside culturally sanctioned practice and, if observed during the course of another mental disorder, is sufficiently severe to warrant independent attention.' Well that seems debatable, but I'll leave it to one side.
In the fifth century BC in Greece, the 'founder' of medicine, Hippocrates of Kos, wrote:
If a pregnant woman feels the desire to eat earth or charcoal and then eats them, the child will show signs of these things.
A Roman medical textbook tells us that 'people whose colour is bad when they are not jaundiced are either sufferers from pains in the head or earth eaters'. The Roman Pliny writes that 'Alica', made of red clay, 'used as a drug has a smoothing effect… as a remedy for ulcers in the humid part of body such as the mouth or anus. Used in an enema it arrests diarrhoea, and taken though the mount… it checks menstruation'. Actually the use of clay for such purposes is still prevalent today; you can buy it in any pharmacy!
Throughout the Classical period and into the Middle Ages and early modern period there are numerous references to earth or dirt eating and its various beneficial effects. Some of the references given at the end provide more detail as well as the examples I have quoted. One such, entitled Geophagia: the history of earth-eating, by two South African doctors, concludes as follows:
All the concepts of geophagia—as psychiatric disorder, culturally sanctioned practice or sequel to famine—fall short of a satisfying explanation. The causation is certainly multifactorial; and clearly the practice of earth-eating has existed since the first medical texts were written. The descriptions do not allow simple categorization as a psychiatric disease. Finally, geophagia is not confined to a particular cultural environment and is observed in the absence of hunger. Might it be an atavistic mode of behaviour, formerly invaluable when minerals and trace elements were scarce? Its re-emergence might then be triggered by events such as famine, cultural change or psychiatric disease.
In his survey of Holmes County in the 1970s, Dr. Dennis Frate of the University of Mississippi wrote:
Dirt-eating can be traced to ancient Greece, to Africa. It was a part of European culture and was observed in the American Indians. Practically every culture has had a dirt-eating phase,' Frate said. 'But very little is known about why people do it.
So there is ample evidence that African slaves brought the practice of earth eating with them to the colonies. In the United States there have been quite a few newspaper articles describing how the practice still persists, predominantly (though not exclusively) amongst Afro-Americans and in the southern states. Here's just one from the New York Times in 1984, it quotes Dr. Frate again:
According to his research, Dr. Frate said it was not uncommon for slave owners to put masks over the mouths of slaves to keep them from eating dirt. The owners thought the practice was a cause of death and illness among slaves, when they were more likely dying from malnutrition.
It is difficult to say how prevalent dirt-eating is today. But in 1975, among 56 black women questioned by Dr. Frate as part of a larger study on nutrition in rural Holmes County, 32 of them said they ate dirt. The survey also showed that the ingestion of dirt tended to be more common in pregnancy.
There have been other explanations. Some have suggested that the masks were used by slave owners to prevent slaves eating earth to excess, trying to commit suicide, and although there isn't much evidence for this it may well have happened. In Brazil, where the slaves were used to mine gold, it has also been suggested that the masks were to prevent them from eating earth containing nuggets of gold and later, no doubt, recovering the nuggets from their faeces.
Another mask
Whatever the reasons for the slaves eating 'dirt' – be they cultural, nutritional, medicinal, suicidal or financial – and scholarly opinion has yet to reach a consensus – the fact is that the slave owners wouldn't allow it. Perhaps they were just trying to protect their 'investment' in their slaves, to stop them harming themselves, even killing themselves or (and only in Brazil) stealing gold? I don't really know and the whole subject needs more attention. But here is the 'but'. Slaves had already been deprived of their liberty, and often their lives, but they must also be deprived of their customs, their voice. Eating the earth, eating dirt, was just one of these.
Thus while there is still some mystery about the 'role' of dirt eating and the reasons for the masks, there can, perhaps, be no better graphic and literal illustration of the loss of slaves' voices than the horrific pictures of them wearing these 'dirt eating masks'.
English sailors didn't go quietly, and neither did the Africans. They went kicking and screaming. But the sailors, once on board His Majesty's Royal Navy ships, had lost their voice as well as their liberty. If they tried to escape (which they repeatedly did) they could be flogged, incarcerated or hanged, as could the African slaves.
These two examples of 'historic' barbarities might seem very different – and they are – but one truth connects them. Britain's rulers – the rich and powerful – wanted to extend their wealth and were willing to fight in distant lands and on distant seas to do so. Of course, most of them didn't want to fight themselves; they needed a constant and growing stream of common cannon-fodder to man the Royal Navy's ships and to fight for them. When ordinary English people didn't flock to the mast in sufficient numbers to crew the growing navy, the rulers did what they always have done, they forced them to.
Exactly the same happened with slavery in the colonies. Initially, European indentured bondsmen were used on the plantations. But more and more servile and cheap labour was needed if the planters were to enrich themselves further. So what was done? With the active encouragement and support of the British government/rulers, private entrepreneurial slave traders from Bristol and Liverpool (and from elsewhere in Europe) forcibly yanked Africans from their homes and transported them to America.
Both of these things were about power and money. The voices of the less powerful were repressed and their liberties stolen. Plus ça change plus c'est la même chose. Marie Antoinette may have suggested that the unwashed masses eat cake, but more often than not they had to eat dirt.
Some references:
Elizabeth Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, 1863; Nicholas Rogers, The Press Gang, Continuum UK, 2007; Thomas Urquhart, A letter to William Wilberforce on the Subject of Impressment, 1816; Donald E. Vermeer and Dennis A. Frate, Geophagia in rural Mississippi: environmental and cultural contexts and nutritional implications, 2001. http://www.ajcn.org/content/32/10/2129.full.pdf , William Schmidt, Southern Practice of Eating Earth shows signs of Waning, New York Times, 1984; Alan Huffman, It's hard to quite the habit, Mississippi dirt-eaters say, Clarion-Ledger, 1983; Alexander Woywodt and Akos Kiss, Geophagia: the history of earth-eating, 2002; Geophagy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophagy.
The British Rape and Destruction of San Sebastian
Posted: May 10, 2013 in Basques, History
Tags: 1813, Duke of Wellington, Gernika, Historia de San Sebastian, Joseph Napoleon, Marshal Soult, Napoleonic Wars, Peninsular War, Picasso, San Sebastian, Siege of San Sebastian, William Napier
Atrocities are committed in all wars. Indeed war itself is an atrocity. Some atrocities are remembered, some just disappear from the historical consciousness. The bombing of the Basque town of Gernika by the German Condor Legion at the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1937 is remembered, not least because of Picasso's famous painting Gernika. But an arguably even more horrendous atrocity was committed in 1813 by Wellington's British and Portuguese troops on the people of the nearby Basque town of San Sebastian. With the exception of a yearly commemoration of the event in the town itself on 31 August, the memory of what happened there over a period of five days has almost totally disappeared, and even at times been suppressed. In some small way I'd like to rectify this.
The siege of San Sebastian, 1813
If you read books or watch television programmes on the Napoleonic Wars, and particularly those touching on the Peninsular War, you will more often than not find descriptions of Wellington's army's siege of San Sebastian, which lasted from 7 July 1813 until the capture of the town on 31 August and the final surrender of the French on 8 September. It is a tale of military struggle, of tactics, of suffering, of death and of acts of valour and heroism. But what followed is rarely if ever told.
Just a few words by way of context: For five years the British army had been in the Iberian Peninsula trying to help the Spanish and Portuguese throw out the French occupiers, while also, it has to be said, trying to loosen the grip of the French blockade of Britain. After the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813, the French army, first under Napoleon's older brother Joseph Bonaparte (who Napoleon had made king of Spain in 1808), and later under Marshal Soult, had retreated to the Pyrenean borderland of France and Spain. Wellington, who commanded all the allied British, German, Portuguese and Spanish forces, didn't want to move further into France until the threat posed by the French garrison still stationed in San Sebastian had been removed – hence the siege of the town.
Storming of San Sebastian by Denis Dighton
If you're interested in the siege itself there are many fine, full and accessible accounts. I will start at the siege's end. On 31 August 1813, British and Portuguese troops managed to pour through a large breach that had been made in the city's inner wall. The French garrison retreated to find refuge in the town's citadel, called Monte Orgullo. As the English and Portuguese were capturing the town there was, to use the words of the most famous early English historian of the War, Sir William Napier, 'a thunder storm, which came down from the mountains with unbounded fury immediately after the place was carried'. This 'added to the confusion of the fight'. Napier continued:
This storm seemed to be a signal of hell for the perpetration of villainy which would have shamed the most ferocious barbarians of antiquity. At Ciudad Rodrigo intoxication and plunder had been the principal object; at Badajoz lust and murder were joined in rapine and drunkenness; but at San Sebastian, the direct, the most revolting cruelty was added to the catalogue of crimes. One atrocity of which a girl of seventeen was the victim, staggers the mind by its enormous, incredible, indescribable barbarity. Some order was at first maintained, but the resolution of the troops to throw off discipline was quickly made manifest. A British staff-officer was pursued with a volley of small-arms and escaped with difficulty from men who mistook him for the provost-martial of the fifth division; a Portuguese adjutant, who endeavoured to prevent some atrocity, was put to death in the market place, not with sudden violence from a single ruffian, but deliberately by a number of English soldiers. Many officers exerted themselves to preserve order, many men were well conducted, but the rapine and violence commenced by villains soon spread, the camp-followers crowded into the place, and disorder continued until the flames following the steps of the plunderer put an end to this ferocity by destroying the whole town.
I have started by quoting from Anglo-Irish Sir William Napier's History of the War in the Peninsula, because you might otherwise think that what follows is Spanish or French propaganda. It is not.
Immediately after the events Napier described, the 'town council, cathedral chapter and inhabitants' of San Sebastian compiled a report or 'manifesto' which they sent to the 'Spanish nation' describing what happened. Its full title is: Description of the atrocities committed by the Anglo-Portuguese troops in Saint Sebastian, 31 August 1813 and in the following days, exposed to the eyes of the Spanish nation by the municipality, chapter and inhabitants of the town. ( Tolosa 1813). They affirm: 'We take it on our own head as to the exact truth of this relation that we present to you and that we have all signed.' What follows is my inadequate verbatim translation of some extracts from this report. I have taken it from a book published in France in 1813 which contained a French translation of the Spanish report. I apologize if my rendition of a two hundred year old French version of a Spanish text has lost something in translation, but I think you will be able to get an idea of what happened to the people of this Basque town:
The town of San Sebastian had been set alight by the allied troops who had besieged it, after these troops had unleashed a horrible sack and its inhabitants had experienced a treatment such as one has not had any idea in civilized Europe…
… The patriotism of the loyal inhabitants of San Sebastian, for a long time suppressed by the severity of the enemy (the French), shone out in many ways, as did the joy and the affection with which the allies were welcomed; but these, insensible to this demonstration, as sincere as it was pathetic, responded to it by taking rifle shots at these same crossroads and balconies from where these felicitations came, and on which a large number of inhabitants perished, victims of the expression of their love of country, a terrible presage of what was to follow…
These horrors were only a prelude to many others, even the memory of which makes one quiver. Oh day forever unhappy; Oh cruel night!… At the extremity were found the enemy, cornered at the foot of the chateau, to save themselves from the unprecedented excess that the pen refuses to describe.
The pillage, the massacre, the rape were pushed to an unbelievable point; and what we discovered for the first time at the fall of night, after the retreat of the French into the Chateau, were limitless scenes of horror. From every quarter we heard the cries of distress of women who were being raped, without regard either to their tender youth or to their respectable age; wives outraged under the eyes of their husbands, girls dishonoured in the presence of their parents; one girl was the victim of the brutality of a soldier which happened on top of her mother's dead body… Other crimes more horrible yet were committed on this day, and it's only a sense of 'modesty' which prevents us naming them.
Throw a veil over this sad tableau, we'll put our sights on another, no less deplorable: We have seen innocent victims having their throats cut…. even people of renown. Don Domingo de Govocehea, an old and respectable churchman, and a great many others, who we will not name, were murdered; the ill-fated Joseph de Larramaga was killed while trying to save the lives of a young girl, who had been raped, and her young son, by holding them in his arms.
A huge number of people were dying each day from the bad treatment that they had received. The citizens who were neither killed nor wounded were to suffer in a thousand ways; many of them stripped and left entirely naked.
… Pursued by the soldiers, they envied the fate of the people who had found a momentary asylum on the roofs or in the 'pigsties'…
These excesses lasted several days after the affair, without anything being done to stop it… They appeared authorized by the commanders, since the goods stolen in the town were sold publically by the English and Portuguese in full view, and right next to, the military head-quarters.
When we thought the spoliation had finished, the allied troops found that the flames weren't making enough progress; they fed them with a whole mixture of artefacts that they threw into the cauldrons, by which means they propagated the fire with frightening rapidity…
In this manner the town of San Sebastian perished.
Of the six hundred and some houses that were contained within the ramparts, there were only thirty-six left. It is remarkable that those saved were all adjoining the Chateau that the enemy occupied. The two parochial churches have also been conserved, as they served as quarters and hospitals for the victors. All the rest have been delivered to the flames… Fifteen hundred families were without bread and shelter eking out an existence worse than death.
Goods, furniture, merchandize, shops, boutiques, all had fallen prey to rapacity or incendiary… San Sebastian exists no more.
Oh unhappy town! Honour of Guipuscoa! You who had given such proof of constancy, who had regarded the English as liberators, could you believe that you would be destroyed by the same hands which should have broken your chains! To how many dangers were the inhabitants exposed during the five years that the French occupation had lasted!
When, on 25 July, we saw English and Portuguese prisoners arrive, we wanted to help them; the most delicate women ran to the hospital to lavish them with linen, food and care; the recompense for such fidelity has been the destruction of our town.
San Sebastian today
When the survivors came to survey what remained of their town, they found, as was reported, only thirty-six houses and two churches left standing. The houses had been spared because they were being used by British and Portuguese officers when they were attempting to force the surrender of the French holed up in the Chateau – the French capitulated on 8 September. A census of inhabitants showed that before the siege there were about 5,500 people in the town, the massacre had reduced this to 2,600!
San Sebastian had to be rebuilt from scratch. The beautiful city you see today is the result of that rebuilding.
Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, Marquis (later Duke) of Wellington
We often hear tell that Wellington was a great enforcer of order and military discipline and that he punished any pillaging in the most severe way. After San Sebastian, when his allied army was moving into France, he declared that he had not come to France to inflict pillage on the local people. Supposedly this was in reference to the pillaging and attacks of Spanish troops on the local French (Basque) population. He sent most, though not all, of the Spanish troops under his command back to Spain.
Wellington was not present at the fall and destruction of San Sebastian. The besieging army was under General Thomas Graham. But not only were no measures taken against the British and Portuguese troops who had run wild, but no mention was ever made of what happened in any official letters written by either Graham or Wellington. On 8 September, Graham wrote to Wellington: 'My Lord, I have the satisfaction to report to your Lordship, that the castle of San Sebastian has surrendered.' After giving more military details, he adds: 'Thus, giving your Lordship another great result of the campaign, in the acquisition to the allied armies of this interesting point on the coast, and near the frontier.' He also enclosed a copy of the terms of surrender agreed with the French.
Wellington sent the news to Lord Bathurst, the Secretary of State for War, on 11 September: 'The town of San Sebastian was taken by storm on the 31st August, and the garrison capitulated in the castle on the 8th.' No mention of any 'atrocities'. But on the same day Wellington wrote to the Spanish General Freyre: 'Sir, I shall be very much obliged to you if you will send the civil engineer of Biscay…. in regard to the repairs of the place of San Sebastian.' He also requested that the civil magistrates sent masons, carpenters and 'common labourers' to 'perform the works necessary'. He was no doubt fully aware of what had happened to the town.
British War Memorial in San Sebastian
There is in San Sebastian a memorial to the British liberators of the town in 1813. It is located on the slopes of Monte Orgullo (Urgull) and was unveiled by the Spanish Queen on 28th September 1924. The two inscriptions read, in both Spanish and English: 'England has confided to us her Glorious Dead, Our Gratitude will Watch Over Their Eternal Repose', and, 'In memory of the Gallant British Soldiers who gave their lives for the greatness of their own country and for the Independence of Spain'.
Knowing what happened after the British entered the town, reading these words is enough to make one weep.
The state this memorial has been allowed to fall into is deplorable and should no doubt be remedied. But perhaps it is small wonder if the people of San Sebastian do not want to remember their British and Portuguese 'liberators'. Perhaps they still remember and wish to mourn the atrocity which was perpetrated on their town?
Description of the atrocities committed by the Anglo-Portuguese troops in Saint Sebastian, 31 August 1813 and in the following days, exposed to the eyes of the Spanish nation by the municipality, chapter and inhabitants of the town, Tolosa, 1813; Sir William Napier, History of the War in the Peninsula, Vol 3, 1835-40; Victoires, conquêtes, désastres, revers et guerres civiles des Français de 1792 a 1815. Par une société militaries et de lettres, Vol 28, Paris, 1813; Javier Sada, Historia de San Sebastian, 1995; The Dispatches of Field Marshall the Duke of Wellington, Vol 11, London, 1838; Lieutenant Mazars, Les divisions espagnoles de l'armée de Wellington, Revue des Pyrenees, Vol 25, Toulouse, 1913; J. W. Fortescue, History of the British Army, Vol 9, London, 1920.
Posted: May 3, 2012 in History, Slavery


Hamsters are cute little rodents that make for very gregarious home pets and therefore, these burrowing animals enjoy high popularity with regards to domesticating them. If you've a hamster as a pet, it does not need to be exaggerated that you'd need to take good care of the rodent to keep it healthy. You should bathe your pet at least once a week and spray its skin with a medicated aerosol every two days to prevent the breeding of mites.
Your hamster is always susceptible to getting infested with mites from numerous sources. For instance, if you've other pets in your home including dogs and cats, there is every possibility you may have hamster mites in the house. These can easily travel from their skins and lodge themselves in the epidermis of your hamster. As and when required, mites can perfectly shelter themselves in the hamster's bedding or in her toys or even in the rods of her cage.
Mites together with ticks are classed as arthropods and their nature is parasitic i.e. they derive their nutrition from the host where they lodge and breed extensively. Mites thriving on hamsters burrow themselves firmly under their skins and hang on to hair follicles' roots. They draw on the host's blood, feed on dead skin cells, and also on oils secreted by sebaceous glands on their epidermises.
If your pet hamster is infested with mites or ticks, you'll frequently see the rodent scratching the surface of its skin. Hairs from its fur will also keep falling off every now and then if it is infected with mites. However, the best way to check out whether your hamster has mite infestation or not, take a small comb with very fine teeth and run it quite deeply through the fur.
Despite their microscopic size, you'll be able to spot them if you sift through the hair follicles. Another good way of checking is to darken the room completely and search for mites using a powerful torchlight. You'll certainly be able to weed out innumerable mites through this process.
How to Get Rid of Mites in Hamster?
The most convenient, quickest, and safest way to get rid of mites, fleas, and ticks from your pet's skin is to use a disinfectant, for instance hamster mites sprays, commonly called as the anti-mite sprayer. You'll find several brands of OTC sprays at nearly all pet stores. Before using the aerosol, ensure that the eyes of the hamster are completely covered. Also, take out her bedding from the cage, take it far away from her, thoroughly dust and spray it as well. Do not forget to clean the hamster's cage with a clean, dry cloth and thereafter fumigate it.
If the hamster has mites, it should be quarantined as early as possible, especially if you've domesticated an entire family. This is to prevent other hamsters from getting infected. It'll be best if you isolate the infested hamster by keeping her in a different room in a distinct cage. Only when you're absolutely sure that the quarantined hamster has been completely ridden of mites should you allow her to rejoin her family.
To say the last but not the least, you should definitely look for the root cause for the infestation or contamination. It could be that your hamster got infested from other pets around your house or from spare bedding that is lying unused. There is also the possibility of mites getting transferred from stale food that has not been cleared from her cage. Finally, you don't need to be too anxious about your pet getting contaminated with mites as these tiny creatures prefer to make furry animals their breeding grounds.


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Below is an article from the city who lost their Miss...
Vegas, here she comes
Contestants, supporters relieved to learn locale
By MICHAEL MILLER Staff Writer
ATLANTIC CITY-The next Miss America will be crowned in another casino resort - Las Vegas.The pageant that started as a publicity stunt by local merchants to drum up business each fall will take its show on the road in January, ending a beloved 84-year-old tradition in Atlantic City.
"Las Vegas is the perfect host city," Miss America Organization President Art McMaster said in a statement.
The show will be broadcast live on the East Coast on Jan. 21 from the Aladdin Resort & Casino, soon to be Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino. The theater seats 7,000 people, about half the capacity of Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, and is already equipped as a television studio, spokeswoman Amy Sadowsky said. The Radio Music Awards are broadcast live from the arena every year.
The Miss America pageant will be a boon for the hotel, Sadowsky said.
"It raises our profile nationally, and that's a good thing," she said.
Pageant supporters said they are relieved the organization picked a place.
"Everyone has been so incredibly frustrated. Parents have to get plane tickets and rooms. That doesn't leave them much time," said Bill Wolfe of Kansas City, Mo. He has attended every Miss America pageant since 1980 and works as a musical arranger for contestants.
"I think Las Vegas and Atlantic City are one and the same," he said. "I was surprised if they would move it out of Atlantic City they would take it to Las Vegas."
Earlier this year, the pageant backed out of the last two years of its contract at Boardwalk Hall, citing the organization's financial straits. The pageant lost $1.7 million in 2004. ABC dropped the pageant after its ratings tanked last year. The Miss America Organization made a deal with Country Music Television for broadcast rights through 2007.
"It's certainly not the ideal situation for the Miss America program to be broadcast out of a casino," said Leonard Horn, CEO of the Miss America Organization from 1987 to 1999. He now lives in Tennessee.
Horn said Atlantic City was not snubbed by the move to the larger casino town. Atlantic City's casinos never embraced the pageant.
"I think Atlantic City did need the Miss America program, but I don't think they knew it," Horn said. "At best, the casinos tolerated the Miss America program and reluctantly provided room support."
Several casino executives asked him to stage the pageant during the week, when occupancy was low, instead of on a Saturday night when the rooms were filled with gamblers. But the TV network never went for a midweek production, he said.
"It's never been tied to a casino and has always been broadcast from a city," he said. "But given the circumstances, I think if it's the best they can do, I wish them success."
Kate Shindle, Miss America 1998, said the organization still has to grapple with its identity to survive.
"The pageant's problems are not about the venue or how many people will fit in the auditorium or even whether it's in another casino town," she said. "It's all about leadership. This doesn't solve that. The people running the show still don't know what they're selling."
This hotel opened in 1963 as the Tally Ho. Its Theatre for Performing Arts opened in 1976 when Neil Diamond was the headliner. The original hotel was razed in spring 1998, but the theater was spared.
The new Aladdin opened in 2000 but was soon beset by financial difficulties. Some said it was a place for Las Vegas visitors to sleep while they spent their money elsewhere on the Strip. The 2,567-room hotel-casino went bankrupt and was sold to Planet Hollywood last year. It will assume the Planet Hollywood name at the end of 2006, Sadowsky said.
With a single hotel serving as host, the pageant will need fewer volunteers than the cadre of several hundred who helped out during pageant week in Atlantic City, Horn said. The contestants likely will stay under one roof instead of being spread out at a dozen different hotels around Atlantic City. This could reduce the need for chaperones, too, he said.
The Miss America Organization kept the wraps on the location and refused to disclose even the short list of cities it was considering. As late as Tuesday night, Miss America 2005 Deidre Downs told an interviewer at the Country Music Awards that she did not know where the pageant would be held.
"It's still a surprise," she said.
The organization's electronic announcement included a photo of the crowned Downs posing beneath a sign reading, "Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas, Nevada.
"The location might have been the worst-kept secret since nude photos of Vanessa Williams appeared in Penthouse in 1984. Supporters have been speculating about Las Vegas and the Aladdin for more than a month. But as the weeks passed, the anxiety grew for contestants and their supporters.
Miss New Jersey Julie Robenhymer said she is happy that the suspense is over.
"Who cares? We're going to Las Vegas!" she said.She learned the news Wednesday afternoon when it was announced."
When they said it was moving out of Atlantic City, my one wish was that it would be in a state I've never been to before," she said. "
Nevada will be state No. 27 on my list. I am very excited."
Congratulations to the New Miss Sciota Valley Rob...
My Miss Northwestern Ohio Farewell
Miss Northwestern Ohio
Miss Portsmouth and Scioto Valley
Pageant Press: A Fifth and Final Trip to Miss Ohio
A New Title... A New Blog!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Cell Phone Jammer model MS6-2 is a portable jammer built into a briefcase. RF Jammers we build into this type of case jam in one direction only, making it a directional cell phone jammer for use in offices and business environments.
This Cell Phone Jammer concentrates its jamming beam where the user aims it. Simply putting the briedcase on the floor or desk and point it toward an area will jam approximately 15 + meters away. Where can the Cell Phone Jammer operate? It has jamming bands the operator can switch from, enabling the operator to use it anywhere in the world. Just make sure the desired jamming bands are selected.
Many users have recommended directional RF Jamming, built into a briefcase, so the system may be moved from room to room without having to be mounted. The system comes with a rechargeable battery as well as a mains connection for recharging.
For more information on the Cell Phone Jammer as well as other RF Jammers built into a briefcase, Contact Us.


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Catwoman mode: Karol G raised the temperature in tight outfit
Carol G is on the last leg of his 'Strip Love Tour'. Currently, he only has to conclude his tour with a concert in Boston on November 2. According to Poll Star, the Colombian was in eighth place of the tours with the highest average ticket sales, with 13,312, surpassing artists of the stature of … Read more
Categories Musicians Tags Catwoman, Karol, mode, outfit, raised, temperature, tight
The millionaire figure that Axl Rose and Slash would have raised with the Guns n' Roses tour
Filed in: Axl Rose • Guns N' Roses • slash • Guns N' Roses It was one of the bands that returned to do concerts after the break that the industry had due to the coronavirus pandemic. The group returned to South America and is touring the world. Colombians already had the opportunity to enjoy … Read more
Categories Musicians Tags Axl, figure, Guns, millionaire, raised, Rose, Roses, Slash, tour
Bill Murray, victim of a crypto theft: they take 182,000 euros in ether raised for charity
September 11, 2022 by Donald Jackson
A new robbery has been committed in the universe of cryptocurrencies. On this occasion, the victim is none other than actor Bill Murray, known for films like The Ghostbusters Y Caught in time. Specifically, the thieves have seized the 119.2 ether (more than 182,000 euros) that the interpreter had raised at a charity auction for … Read more
Categories Actors Tags Bill, charity, Crypto, ether, euros, Murray, raised, theft, victim
The film in which Brad Pitt raised the temperature and surprised even his co-stars
Brad Pitt He is one of the undisputed idols of Hollywood. The actor has been positioned as one of the most talented actors of his generation for more than three decades. But since his beginnings in the 90s, Brad has been identified as one of the undisputed leading men of the seventh art and, at … Read more
Categories Movies Tags Brad, costars, Film, Pitt, raised, surprised, temperature
The millionaire figure that Rage Against the Machine has raised with their concerts: the cause with which they will collaborate
Rage Against The Machine He has raised a million dollars in his last concerts. It is not surprising because they have quite a few songs that have become a hit like "Darkness" either "How I Could Just Kill a Man". The destination of the money raised will go earmarked for charitable purposes. (Via blabbermouth) The … Read more
Categories Musicians Tags collaborate, concerts, figure, Machine, millionaire, rage, raised
"The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power" premiered an epic teaser trailer and raised expectations
The history of the Second Age of Middle-earth will be portrayed in this ambitious series of the fantastic genre that belongs to the JRR Tolkien universe. (Prime Video) This morning, Prime Video unveiled the teaser trailer for the series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Powera story that takes place thousands of years … Read more
Categories Movies Tags Epic, expectations, Lord, Power, premiered, raised, Rings, teaser, TRAILER
"Top Gun: Maverick": the impressive box office number and the millions it has raised so far
June 2, 2022 by Hattie Thompson
Final trailer for the return of the character that catapulted Tom Cruise to fame. (Paramount Pictures) It is the sequel to one of the most popular films of the 1980s. Under the name of Top Gun: Maverick, the film directed by Joseph Kosinski (Tron: Legacy Y oblivion) finally made it to theaters and, unsurprisingly, became … Read more
Categories Movies Tags box, Gun, impressive, Maverick, millions, number, Office, raised, top
What is the Spanish film that raised the most money in history?
May 21, 2022 by Hattie Thompson
How many and what quality of names has he given us Spain to movie lovers. Just think about the first decades of cinema, with Luis Buñuel, Josefina Molina, Juan Antonio Bardem (uncle of Javier Bardem) or the current Pedro Almodovar. We could go on with an endless list, but those names show that the Hispanic … Read more
Categories Movies Tags Film, history, money, raised, Spanish
The SPOOKY movie is on HBO Max; raised $45 million |TRAILER
Users in search of entertainment wonder what they can see on the various streaming platforms that exist today, where you can find a wide variety of movies and series of various themes and genres. In this sense, one of the users' favorite platforms is HBO Max, which has recently established itself as a success factory … Read more
Categories Movies Tags HBO, Max, million, movie, raised, spooky, TRAILER
Jamie Lee Curtis, raised in the 'house of hate', describes herself as 'the product of 13 divorces'
March 30, 2022 by Donald Jackson
Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh were one of the biggest celebrity couples of the 60s and they were almost the same age. Despite this, their marriage is best remembered for the bitterness and hatred that marked their final years together. Hollywood is a community of style and glamour. An important part of the film industry's … Read more
Categories Actors Tags Curtis, Describes, divorces, hate, House, Jamie, Lee, product, raised


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Orchard House Golf Society!
Orchard House Golf Society Captain's Day Outing to Ballyliffin Golf Club – September 2017.
Widely regarded as the finest links golf complex in Ireland and host venue for the 2018 Irish Open, Ballyliffin Golf Club on the breathtaking Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal was the setting for the Orchard House Golf Society annual Captain's Day outing.
Ballyliffin Golf Club consists of two outstanding courses; The Old Links and The Glashedy which provides expansive panoramic views of the local countryside, back-dropped by the Donegal coastline and the North Atlantic Ocean. Golfers teed off on The Old Links course which has recently had work undertaken by former World Number 1 and six Major Championships winner, Nick Faldo.
After an overcast start weather conditions improved and were nigh on perfect for the golfers; it came as no surprise that it was the more experienced golfers who came to the fore when the prizes were being handed out, with 2017 Society Captain Sean Glackin (7) claiming first place with 32 points. Society newcomer Gary Simpson claimed the runners up spot with 30 points. Dominic Murray was a close third on 29 points. Fourth spot went to veteran Martin Rafferty (25 pts) with 2017 Society President Desmond Roulstone claiming fifth spot with 24 points.
Winner of the 'nines' were Aidan Graham (Front 9) and Dermot McDermott (Back 9)
As well as the major winners all society members who played on the day received a prize, so no-one left empty handed. The post round meal and drinks was provided in the resort's Linx Restaurant after which the prize giving ceremony was carried out to much mirth and merriment.


The New Birth Movement is a Registered Charity with The Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs, R C No 4242, under the land (perpetual succession) Act. Cap. 98, Registered on 25-10-86, but founded on 31-1-80 according to Divine Instruction received on 9-9-79.
The New Birth Movement is funded through cash, cheques, or bank drafts for thanks offerings or for tithes given to GOD to thank HIM for Divine Favours previously received and appreciated by individual human beings, members and non-members of The New Birth Movement. Some of the donations are handed in during our church services while some are remitted directly to our bank account before we are informed. Some donations were from Nigeria while a few were from outside Nigeria.
Our Bankers: FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC. RC 6290.
Our church account domain: FBN Surulere Shopping Centre Branch, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.
The New Birth Movement will acknowledge with thanks every donation for which name and address of the donor are disclosed to us. The New birth Movement strongly advises every donor of tithes to reveal his or her name, contact address with phone number, for our acknowledgement and so that we could pass in any divine message received on that individual while presenting formally his or her tithes to GOD at HIS ALTAR of Perpetual Light.
Everyone who wishes to benefit from any service being rendered to the general public is advised to send a little donation to the account of The New Birth Movement to assist The New Birth Movement to be funded to perform the required task because in real life everything costs something and nothing can be produced from nothing.


These two cutes were so much fun! I worked with Lauren briefly at Oklahoma Christian in the Admissions Office and both of us ended our time there the summer before our weddings. So it was so much fun going through getting engaged, finding our dresses, and all the fun and giddy times before our anticipated marriages! Lauren is so sweet and has THE most contagious laugh and Blain is so quiet but strong and compliments Lauren wonderfully. Stay tuned for their New Mexico wedding!


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San Fermin will play Turner Hall Ballroom in October
by Evan Rytlewski
Published: 2019-07-12T06:19:48-05:00
Modified: 2019-07-12T06:20:01-05:00
The brainchild of composer Ellis Ludwig-Leone, who enlists a large cast of musicians to help make his vision a reality (including Allen Tate, a singer with a distinct baritone croon), the indie-pop ensemble San Fermin earned instant acclaim for their ambitious 2013 self-titled debut. And although the band's cast has continued to rotate, with singers Rae Cassidy and Charlene Kaye entering and exiting the fold since their debut, the band's vision has remained untamed. 2015's "Jackrabbit" and 2017's "Belong" were both as soaring and brightly arranged as that first outing.
San Fermin | Courtesy of the artist
The band last played Milwaukee in early 2018, with a pair of intimate shows at the Back Room at Colectivo. This week the Pabst Theater Group announced that they'll be back for a show Wednesday, Oct. 23, at the Turner Hall Ballroom.
That show could feature new music, too. "San Fermin recently announced their signing to Sony Music Masterworks and released their new single 'The Hunger,' indicating the arrival of the next chapter and more new music to come," a press release teased.
88Nine is proud to present the show. Tickets go on sale Saturday at noon. You can stream "The Hunger" below.
88Nine Radio Milwaukee
What TikTok's Explosion Could Mean For Music
by NPR Music
Since it dropped in April, Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road" has been an inescapable hit. The song's massive blow-up is at least partially thanks to TikTok: the social media platform that launches viral stars 15 seconds at a time, and what writer Alyssa Bereznak called the "future of the music industry" in a recent article for The Ringer.
TikTok, which has over hundreds of millions users and is especially popular among teenagers and young adults, is driven by machine learning and, as Bereznak explained to NPR's Audie Cornish, viral "challenges," often based around music. Using the mobile app, TikTok users watch and post 15-second videos that incorporate and respond to a piece of a song; for instance, in the "Old Town Road" challenge, video-makers suddenly appear in cowboy gear the moment the beat kicks in.
Other up-and-coming artists have also found a foothold in TikTok's format. In videos set to the first 15 seconds of Supa Dupa Humble's song "Steppin," users play along with the repeated opening lyric "I don't know" until they arrive at a visual punchline. Blanco Brown's TikTok hit, "The Git Up," is a country trap-song with dance instructions (in the vein of "Cha Cha Slide" or "Macarena") for lyrics.
"I think the users are looking for high drama in a short amount of time," Bereznak says. "You know, you only have 15 seconds to make your video compelling -- so that lends itself really well to bubblegum-pop music, and to trap music, which often has really intense mood shifts or beat drops."
While TikTok users are crafting their videos to fit the punchy songs spreading on the platform, musicians are also tailoring their songs to suit the format. Supa Dupa Humble, for example, once played Bereznak a piece of his upcoming song featuring an old-school landline tone. "He himself imagined, 'Oh, this will be great for phone challenges. That's the prop that's gonna show up in these videos,' " Bereznak says, paraphrasing the artist.
Beyond motivating artists to write challenge-conducive songs, Bereznak suggests, TikTok marks -- and may further influence -- a shift towards increasingly short-form music. "I think the issue here is that the music industry itself is shifting away from stories being told in albums and it's moving to stories being told in songs," Bereznak says. "People care a lot more about singles, because playlist culture is very strong, and people can decide what songs they want to listen to ... so that means the labels are kind of having to focus a little bit less on the overall artistic development of a singer or songwriter, and focus more on these quick-hit singles.
"Artists are very savvy, and they know that they need to rise above the noise," she says. "And in some cases, that means catering to the latest hot social network."
Savvy media strategies aside, Bereznak says TikTok-born musical phenomena can still be celebrated for the fun they inspire. "It might not be music that touches you deep in your soul, but it definitely evokes a certain type of emotion, and I think that's the most important thing with art," she says. "It's very uplifting, it can be moody at times; it makes you want to move, it makes you want to participate in a movement. If that's not good music, I don't know what is."
Listen to the full interview at the audio link.
Bon Iver share two new songs and announce new album 'i,i'
by Tarik Moody
Just a few days after their first-ever Summerfest performance, Bon Iver just announced that they will release a new album titled "i,i" on Aug. 30 via Jagjaguwar. The band teased the album in a trailer that dropped a little over a week ago.
Bon Iver fourth studio album "i,i"
"i,i" is the fourth studio album from the Wisconsin band and the follow-up to "22, A Million." 88Nine Radio Milwaukee has been playing their latest single "U (Man Like)."
From Bon Iver's website:
Recording over a long time at April Base in Wisconsin but finishing at Sonic Ranch in Texas allowed us to feel confident, comfortable, and completely free of distraction. The sense of community around the record grew through honest, generous inspiration within the group of artists involved in the creative process of the record. The thirteen new songs on "i,i" complete a cycle: from the winter of "For Emma, Forever Ago" came the frenetic spring of Bon Iver, Bon Iver, and the unhinged summer of "22, A Million." Now, fall arrives early with "i.i."
The band also shared two new songs "Faith" and "Jelmore" from the upcoming album.
"Jelmore"
Los Dells announces 2019 lineup, with headliners Ozuna, Logic, Carlos Vives and El Fantasma
Los Dells bills itself as the largest Latin music festival in America. That might sound like an audacious claim for an event in the Wisconsin Dells, but so far it's had the lineups to back it up.
This afternoon Los Dells announced its lineup for this year's festival Aug. 31-Sept. 1, and once again it doesn't skimp on star power. Ozuna, Logic, Carlos Vives and El Fantasma will be joined by Farruko, Sebastian Yatra, Natalia LaFourcade, Jessie Reyez, Jesse & Joy, Lunay, Fuego and more. You can find the complete lineup on the poster below.
instagram.com/losdellsfest
Willie Nelson, Neil Young and Dave Matthews will headline Farm Aid at Alpine Valley
Fans who missed Willie Nelson's Outlaw Music Festival at Summerfest this year will have yet another chance to catch the 86-year-old country legend. Nelson's Farm Aid festival is back, and it will return to Wisconsin for a concert at the Alpine Valley Music Theatre in East Troy on Sept. 21. Wisconsin last hosted Farm Aid in 2010 at Miller Park in Milwaukee.
This year's lineup is typically impressive. Performers include:
Dave Matthews (with Tim Reynolds)
Jamey Johnson
Tanya Tucker
Particle Kid
Additional artists will be announced later this summer. Given Wisconsin's dairy economy, Farm Aid's cause hits close to home.
"With devastating weather, low prices and harmful farm and trade policies, America's family farmers are facing immense challenges to hold on to their farms. It's not right ... family farmers are essential for all of us," Nelson said in a statement. "By bringing our festival to the heart of the struggle, we will stand side by side with farmers. At Farm Aid 2019, we'll highlight solutions and show our support for family farmers' contributions to our health, economy and environment."
Tickets go on sale Friday, July 12, at 10 a.m., with ticket prices ranging from $54.50 to $249.50.
Watch American Football's Tiny Desk Concert
Who would've thought that American Football's fruitful reunion would include a children's choir at the Tiny Desk?
Twenty years after a self-titled debut that featured one heartbroken mixtape-worthy song after another, American Football is writing some of the best music of its career right now. Once an emo trio from Central Illinois, American Football brought its expanded band to the Tiny Desk, including a vibraphonist, backing singer and, yes, six children from a D.C. choir.
American Football's thoughtful and expansive return has yielded two self-titled records in just three years. This set culls from LP3, as it's colloquially known, as Pure Bathing Culture's Sarah Versprille steps in to sing backing vocals for "Every Wave to Ever Rise" and takes a verse on "Uncomfortably Numb," whose recorded versions feature Land of Talk's Elizabeth Powell and Paramore's Hayley Williams. These spacious songs acts as revelatory meditations on what it means to grow older in love and relationships, with lovers and family.
For "Heir Apparent," we reached out to members of the Children's Chorus of Washington to sing the coda's quiet mantra. When the 12-to-14-year olds asked frontman Mike Kinsella what the song meant, in order to capture the right emotion, he told them, in so many words, that it was a sad song, but that he'd like them to wear paper crowns while singing it. Just a touch of Kinsella irony, as he grinned ear-to-ear and they sang, "Heir apparent to the throne / The king of all alone."
"Every Wave To Ever Rise
"Uncomfortably Numb"
"Heir Apparent"
Mike Kinsella: lead vocal, guitar; Nate Kinsella: bass; Steve Lamos: drums, trumpet; Steve Holmes: guitar; Cory Bracken: vibraphone; Mike Garzon: melodica, percussion; Sarah Versprille (of Pure Bathing Culture): vocals; Mallory Valmon: vocals; Amelia Lashway: vocals; Jenna Loescher-Clark: vocals; Marika Clark: vocals; Taylor Bowen-Longino: vocals; William Ekrem: vocals
Producers: Lars Gotrich, Morgan Noelle Smith; Creative Director: Bob Boilen; Audio Engineer: Josh Rogosin; Videographers: Morgan Noelle Smith, Kara Frame, Beck Harlan, Bronson Arcuri, Jeremiah Rhodes; Production Assistant: Paul Georgoulis; Associate Producer: Bobby Carter; Photo: Claire Harbage/NPR
Bon Iver share a sardonic new trailer for... something
Bon Iver may have only played one new song at their headlining show at Summerfest Saturday night (their new single "Hey, Ma"), but by all indications they seem to have a new album on the way.
Today brought more evidence of that, when the band shared a trailer for... well, we're not 100% sure what it's for, but it sure seems like the type of thing a band does right before they release a record.
Bon Iver's Justin Vernon | Courtesy of the artist
Never let it be said that Justin Vernon doesn't have a sense of humor. The minute-long video mocks his woodsman image with a pastiche of naturalistic images set against snippets of some of Bon Iver's most beloved song. There's also a ridiculous voiceover fit for a state tourism campaign: "Sincerity is forever in season."
The video ends with a succession of credits and words that devoted fans can have all sorts of fun reading into, but the two most meaningful ones seem to be "Keep it Restaurant" (an album title perhaps?) and the words "coming soon." So, yeah, there's probably an album on the way.
NPR's best albums of 2019 (so far)
by 88Nine
We asked our panel of public radio writers one question: What is your favorite album of 2019 so far? There were so many ways to answer: we've heard albums that feel germane to our time, that allowed us to escape, that reconfigured a beloved artist's roots or that signaled the next wave of sound. But ultimately, what we have here are the No. 1s as picked by some of the biggest ears in the country, the albums that we just can't stop listening to, even when time, algorithms and unending news cycles demand otherwise.
So you won't find a ranked list, or any reason to wonder about behind-the-scenes jostling for higher spots -- there will be plenty of time for spirited debate in December. In the meantime, it's time to find your new favorite album.
Graphic credit: Chelsea Beck for NPR
Aldous Harding is a remarkably expressive songwriter and performer. Her lyrics often resemble dramatic portrait paintings with poetic imagery, but with clear-headed vision. Producer John Parish helps keep the music clear of effects and that allows Aldous Harding's vocal nuance to remain front and center, right where it belongs. --Bob Boilen
♬: APPLE / SPOTIFY / AMAZON
After experimenting on last year's LP, Oxnard, Anderson .Paak returns to his regularly scheduled soulfulness on Ventura. From the bars to the features, everything feels natural and less forced, proving we just need to let .Paak cook. --Bobby Carter
♬: APPLE / SPOTIFY / YOUTUBE / AMAZON
Angèlique Kidjo Celia
Celia Cruz always emphasized Cuba's African heritage, even when it wasn't popular. West African vocalist Angélique Kidjo digs deep into that DNA for Celia, a musical gift for wannabe musicologists, as well as folks who just want to get their Cuban dance groove on and celebrate everyone's favorite Cuban aunt. --Felix Conteras
Recorded over two weekends at Coachella last year, Beyonceé's live album connects intellectually and socially, with fresh takes on some of her biggest hits. Plus, "Before I Let Go" offers a new dance challenge. Let the Beyhive rejoice! --Maya Eaglin
U.F.O.F.
Big Thief's third full-length is at once as timidly vulnerable as rustling blades of grass and as powerfully raw as a river tearing over stones. Brilliant musicianship abounds, but Adrianne Lenker's surreal lyrical world of love and loss steals the show, with "hound dogs crowing at the stars above" and moths "crying... through fruit bats' eyes." --Paul Georgoulis
When We Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?
Combined with the production talents of her brother Finneas O'Connell, Billie Eilish takes on the airs of the Brothers Grimm, rewriting pop fairy tales into biting, bouncing cautionary electro-stories with moody loops and skittering synth. In this storybook, Billie Eilish is the anti-hero for whom we've been waiting. --Joni Deutsch, WFAE
Bruce Springsteen's Western Stars takes us beyond the boardwalk and the dust bowl -- heading to the sonic space where Nashville and Southern California met in the 1960s and '70s. The cinematic feel of the album has a starring role, too, with a lush soundtrack of strings, horns and pedal steel. --Sarah Wardrop, WFUV
Carly Rae Jepsen once looked like a prototypical one-hit wonder, with an inescapable breakthrough track ("Call Me Maybe") that exuded frothy novelty. Seven years later, she's putting out albums like Dedicated, a 15-song dynamo that seems to roll about a dozen hits deep. Every song here works, whether it's about lost love ("Julien"), found love ("Now That I Found You") or self-love ("Party for One"). --Stephen Thompson
Caroline Shaw / Attaca Quartet
How many ways can you pluck a violin - or a viola, or cello? A lot, as it turns out, in the Attacca Quartet's terrific album of music by Pulitzer winner Caroline Shaw. A violinist herself, Shaw reimagines language for the classical string quartet with inspiration from old masters and plenty of pizzicato. --Tom Huizenga
Fontaines D.C.
Dogrel
Dogrel is the remarkable debut from a young Dublin band that bonded over their love for poetry and verse over pints at the local pub. Fontaines D.C. makes the mundane transcendent and the discrete universal, delivered with sensitivity and the gritty grime you want out of a great rock band. --Kevin Cole, KEXP
Previous entries from Hayes Carll have represented a sliding scale of exuberance and introspection. What It Is mines both emotions and way more. There is love and gratitude, coltish uproar and canny sensibility. The album was co-produced by Allison Moorer, with whom he just tied the knot. --Jessie Scott, WMOT Roots Radio
Heather Woods Broderick
Is inner clarity achievable when everyone's broadcasting all the time? That's one of the questions Heather Woods Broderick, longtime compatriot of Sharon Van Etten and others, explores on this pensive, expansively orchestrated gem. Songs confronting past and present life choices unspool with a wise, becalmed grace - making introspection seem not simply alluring, but necessary. --Tom Moon
Helado Negro
This Is How You Smile
Titled after a Jamaica Kincaid story, Helado Negro's sixth album is a worn instruction manual for moving through the world with hope. "Brown won't go / Brown just glows," Reberto Carlos Lange notes, among other lessons learned the hard way. He fills the space between words with memories of sounds, blips of consciousness in the slow waking up to oneself. --Stefanie Fernández
How would a computer-generated being respond when networked into that most deeply human art form, group singing? Sometimes, on PROTO, the answer feels spiritual, sometimes uncannily sensual; sometimes it feels like science fiction. Holly Herndon's work goes deep by challenging the assumption that those categories are different. Herndon's music shows us that's where we already are. --Ann Powers
This is easily one of the most remarkable debut records of 2019. Jade Bird sings with strength, passion, anger and irony. In the song "Lottery," Bird guts out the refrain, "You're betting on me." And yep, that's exactly what we're doing. --David Brower, WUNC
Assume Form
James Blake captures the heart-flutters of new love with Assume Form, an album that shows the gloomy synth wiz blossoming into a hopeless romantic. Features from Moses Sumney, Travis Scott and Andre 3000 add contemplative counterpoints, but Blake shines in moments of sentimental reverie. --Nastia Voynovskaya, KQED
Legacy! Legacy!
On Jamila Woods' second album, she expresses her admiration for proud people of color - Miles Davis, James Baldwin, Nikki Giovanni, Eartha Kitt - through anger, sharp messaging and her own ancestors. Embedded with hope and humor, and wrapped in enduring melodies, Woods mines the past in a way that feels futuristic. -Jeff McCord, KUTX
Neil Leifer's iconic shot of the triumphant Muhammed Ali lording it over Sonny Liston personifies boxing superfan Jenny Lewis' On the Line as her very own declaration of independence: making peace with her roots while casting an artful wink at the angels and demons cheering her on in the corner. --Ginny Mascorro, KXT
Joey DeFrancesco
In the Key of the Universe
We hold this truth to be self-evident: All organists are not created equal, for Joey DeFrancesco is the best Hammond organist on the planet -- strike that, in the universe. In the Key of the Universe honors pioneering forefathers of free jazz -- saxophonist Pharaoh Sanders appears on three tunes -- while saying something new about this music of spiritual transcendence. --Matt Silver, WRTI
Fever Breaks
Always pushing himself to build upon his sound and excellent songwriting, Josh Ritter teamed up with Jason Isbell to produce Fever Breaks. Recorded with the 400 Unit, Ritter soaks up the rock to reshape his penetrating songs. --Bruce Warren, WXPN
Karen O and Danger Mouse
Lux Prima
Each instrument and vocal line sync together beautifully in the sonic jigsaw puzzle that is Lux Prima, the extraordinary collaboration between Karen O and Danger Mouse. --David Hadel and Malayna Joy, NV89
Kayhan Kalhor & Rembrandt Frerichs Trio
It's Still Autumn
This gorgeous and evocative album will be perhaps best savored after the fall equinox, but it's just too beautiful to hold off on sharing. Iranian composer and kamancheh (spike lute) virtuoso Kayhan Kalhor teams up with pianist and composer Rebrandt Frerichs, bassist Tony Overwater, and drummer Vinsent Planjer for a magical two-part outing: "Dawn" and "Dusk." --Anastasia Tsioulcas
When Kehlani sings, "Here's to being honest," at the outset of While We Wait, she sets a roadmap for the R&B mixtape. Characteristically vulnerable and starkly introspective even in its playfulness, the 24-year-old's fourth project showcases some of her softest work ("Footsteps") alongside some of her most biting ("Nunya"). --Rosalind Faulkner
GREY Area
GREY Area starts with the boom bap of "Offense," ends on some of the dreamiest sounds in "Flowers" and, in just over a half an hour, you're left wondering, "How did I get here, and why was the ride so enjoyable?" Little Simz' new album is from a woman who knows exactly what she wants and god help you if you get in her way. --Jill Hopkins, Vocolo Radio
Cuz I Love You
Lizzo is smart. Lizzo is funny. Lizzo is beautiful. Lizzo is a star. Lizzo writes bangers. She knows it. You know it. Let's just say it. Cuz I Love You is the gas-up album we need in the world. --Justin Barney, Radio Milwaukee
Megan Thee Stallion
Megan Thee Stallion is the most energizing force in rap right now. After years of cyphers in her native Houston and growing her fanbase online, the MC has reached mass appeal with Fever. Pick any track and listen as Meg's bars fuse together nerdcore, meme-mining, braggadocio and slick sex appeal to subvert misogyny with an almost-dizzying delivery. --Sidney Madden
Melissa Aldana
Melissa Aldana, a Chilean-born tenor saxophonist, has the elusive ability to balance technical achievement against a rich emotional palette. Visions, her finest album, was inspired by the inner life of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo; it's a brilliant showcase for a band that includes this year's breakout star, Joel Ross, on vibraphone. --Nate Chinen, WBGO
Middle Kids
New Songs for Old Problems
When your soul needs to sing, who cares about album cycles? This new EP comes less than a year after the Australian band's debut. "Real Thing," in particular, takes in the joyous wailing of a group constantly gobsmacked by the tiny wonders of a bus ride. --Phil Jones, WERS
The National has spent decades in self-reflection, questioning connection and seeking answers. Eight albums later, she responds. Women take the wheel in I Am Easy to Find, driving the band's narrative to undiscovered territories. The effort is direct, yet complex, unfolding a messy universe that is becoming wiser with perspective. --Stacy Buchanan, WGBH
Nilüfer Yanya
"We worry about your health, so you don't have to." In addition to crafting a fully-realized debut album, Nilüfer Yanya imagines an entire conceptual world built around a menacing self-care program. Pressing play on Miss Universe will entertain the listener with an eclectic mix of bulletproof pop-rock songs, so they won't have to entertain themselves. --Beau Brady, KOSU's The Spy
Orville Peck's Pony might be the most engaging and eerie album to come along in quite some time. With a haunting croon that adds to the mystique, Peck mixes a classic country sensibility with nostalgic ballads and a contemporary gothic vibe. --Benji McPhail, Colorado Sound
Our Native Daughters
Songs of Our Native Daughters
Rhiannon Giddens, Allison Russell, Amythyst Kiah and Leyla McCalla answered to the trend of fedora-and-suspenders-clad white folksingers, by dropping this stunner of a folk collection. Each exquisitely performed tune has been pulled from -- or inspired by -- deep, overlooked, oppressed black tradition. It is best heard by listening closely. --Kim Ruehl, Folk Alley
Palehound
On the Boston-based trio's third album, Palehound digs deep into connections: between friends, between lovers, between parts of the self. Songwriter Ellen Kempner complements her impressive guitar riffs with searing, soul-searching and solace-providing lyrics, including on standout "Aaron," one of the most affecting love songs I've heard in recent memory. --Marissa Lorusso
Morbid Stuff
With all due respect to Kawhi Leonard (and Drake), fellow Toronto underdogs PUP beat the Raptors to the Cinderella story with a come-from-behind win earlier this year. On Morbid Stuff, the band levels up, channeling monotony, anxiety, nihilism and dread to cathartic effect, earning a victory lap in the process. --Lyndsey McKenna
Falha Comum
Once a psychedelic post-punk band mining gothic grooves, Rakta digs for more harrowing, ritualistic sounds on Falha Comum. With motorik rhythms, hypnagogic noise and moans echoed to cracking walls, the Brazilian duo approaches something closer to the meticulous mayhem of Goblin's Suspiria soundtrack, offering creepazoid emanations from a subterranean plane. --Lars Gotrich
Resavoir
Resavoir is a diverse collective from Chicago, under the direction of trumpeter Will Miller (Whitney, Chance the Rapper, Lil Wayne). The band's debut is both accessible and deep in its musical sensibilities, a blend of neo soul-jazz and elegant instrumental hip-hop. The aesthetic here is ethereal and beautiful, warranting repeated listens. --Matt Fleeger, KMHD
Remind Me Tomorrow
Sharon Van Etten returns after a five-year break between albums and completely dismantles everything fans have loved about her music: acoustic, singer-songwriter reflections are out; monster beats, jagged synths and dark undercurrents are in, as she sings about the joys and terror of parenthood, growing older and letting go of the past. This record is a triumph. --Robin Hilton
Much like her creative agency, Saint Heron, Solange's When I Get Home represents a visionary's carefully crafted musical design -- an architectural exploration of trappy rhythms, luscious melodies and jazz-tinged harmonies. It's an album that complements solitude or friendship, joy or sadness -- it completes any experience at anytime. --Suraya Mohamed
Eraserland
Eraserland brims with moments that will stop you in your tracks. Grappling with depression, Timothy Showalter was ready to hang up his hat when his friend, My Morning Jacket guitarist Carl Broemel, urged him write. The result is a cosmic tour-de-force, but the true beauty lies in songs like "Keys," the languid spaces where there's room to breathe. --Desiré Moses, WNRN
Kankyō Ongaku: Japanese Ambient, Environmental & New Age Music 1980-1990
In 1980s Japan, an economic boom left corporations flush enough to pair their products with original music, and the composers getting those commissions were savvy to the work of Western experimenters like Brian Eno and sensitive to the encroaching bustle of city life. The result was a canon of calming, immersive music that seems to hum with its own consciousness. --Daoud Tyler-Ameen
Weyes Blood
Titanic Rising
For Titanic Rising, Natalie Mering mined the rich textures of 1960s and '70s pop -- plinky autoharp wallpapering, rubbery and sunset-colored guitar solos, crescendos as tall as typhoons -- and tumbled those gems into one of the most finely constructed albums of the half-year. Mering spun her influences into a modern reckoning utterly her own, full of dark humor and optimistic realism. --Andrew Flanagan
woods + segal
Hiding Places
Nothing drives home the dystopia of 2019 like Hiding Places. Billy Woods hammers the last nail in this decade's coffin while illustrating the winter of our discontent over Kenny Segal's sedated beats. And when he eulogizes the loss of innocence on album highlight "A Day in a Week in a Year," it's as if we're all that penniless kid in a dollar-movie arcade: "F****** with the joystick / Pretending I was really playing." --Rodney Carmichael
Walk Through Fire
Walk Through Fire is an exhilarating full-length introduction to Yola, a vocal powerhouse and veteran of U.K. studio and stage work whose vision for her own music, achieved in collaboration with Dan Auerbach, encapsulates country-soul lustiness, plushly orchestrated pop transcendence and a range of expression both subtle and striking. --Jewly Hight
Yves Jarvis
The Same But By Different Means
It's fashionable to eulogize the concept of genre these days, especially in the wake of Lil Nas X's meme "Old Town Road." If that's really the case and the future contains only "popular" and "niche" music, give Yves Jarvis his "Best Niche Album" Grammy right now. There's no way to categorize The Same But By Different Means without selling it short. --Otis Hart
Brittany Howard of Alabama Shakes announces solo album and Riverside Theater concert
The driving force behind the Alabama Shakes, singer Brittany Howard will headline the Riverside Theater on Wednesday, Sept. 18. That's just a few days before she'll release her solo debut solo album, "Jaime," on ATO Records on Sept. 20.
You can stream her new single "History Repeats" below.
Brittany Howard | Courtesy Pabst Theater Group
The record is named after Howard's sister, who died of cancer when they were teenagers. "The title is in memoriam, and she definitely did shape me as a human being," Howard said in a statement. "But, the record is not about her. It's about me. I'm pretty candid about myself and who I am and what I believe. Which is why I needed to do it on my own."
Tickets for her Riverside Theater show go on sale Friday, June 28, at 10 a.m., but you can get them early, on Thursday, June 27, at 10 a.m. using the 88Nine pre-sale code 88NINE.
Elvis Costello and the Imposters will play the Miller High Life Theatre in November
Elvis Costello and the Imposters will return to Milwaukee for Tuesday, Nov. 26, show at the Miller High Life Theatre. Tickets go on sale Friday, June 28, at 10 a.m., but you can win a pair before they go on sale by listening to 88Nine.
Elvis Costello | Courtesy of the artist
It's been an eventful couple years for Costello. After recovering from surgery for throat cancer last year, he released his 30th studio album, "Look Now," to some of his strongest reviews in years. The record features songs co-written by Carole King and Burt Bacharach.
On his fall tour, titled "Just Trust," Costello will be showcasing material from that record and his entire songbook, accompanied by some of the musicians featured on "Look Now": keyboardist Steve Nieve, drummer Pete Thomas, bassist Davey Faragher and singers Kitten Kuroi and Briana Lee.
You can watch the band perform "Burnt Sugar Is So Bitter," co-written with King, below.


text:
Greg Brian
Entertainment Analysis (Now Open for Private Clients)
Stephen Colbert's First Week of "Late Show": Will Intelligent Comedy Win or Finish Second?
September 13, 2015 September 13, 2015 Greg Brian1 Comment
Colbert and Fallon: The divide of comedy styles.
In an alternate TV universe where Stephen Colbert is an upstart late-night TV host the public hasn't really heard of, this semi-review of his first week on "Late Show" would be written off as too hasty. After all, how many late-night hosts in history can you think of that had red-letter first nights, first weeks, or first months? Starting from Johnny Carson on down to Jimmy Fallon, the first night of a late-night show is generally filled with awkwardness and desperately finding assured footing into a personal comedy brand that's not quite there.
Let's be fortunate we don't live in the above alternate universe where Colbert is one of those relative unknowns. In our reality, he's one of the rare ones with enough confidence to say his first night (and week) hosting the "Late Show" was arguably the most brilliant of any late-night debut in history.
We didn't even have to contend with any rote monologue jokes about wanting to vomit or run away from nervousness. Late-night TV historians can certainly tell you even Johnny Carson did that on his first night hosting "The Tonight Show" in 1962. Perhaps the most nervous host in history was Conan O'Brien when first given NBC's "Late Night" throne in 1993. His noticeable trembling and sweating on his debut night was physical proof of how much pressure was on his shoulders, despite gaining confidence within a month.
Colbert is an example of how any late-night host needs a strong training ground for at least five to 10 years before getting a big-time late-night gig. It's with that in mind where you can continually say Colbert's first week was strong, even if something unexpected happened by the second night.
Yes, when the ratings came in, Jimmy Fallon had ultimately beaten Colbert in the ratings. This continued for the rest of the week, which seemed beyond comprehension considering Colbert's near tidal wave following.
Once you think about it a while, though, you can start to see a setup for a repeat of late-night TV history. It also says much about a major divide in America: Those who crave intelligent comedy and those who go for comedy that's easier to digest.
We've seen this before along the late-night TV timeline. It goes back as far as when ABC hired Dick Cavett to compete with Johnny Carson during the late 1960s/early '70s. Most people looked at Cavett as being a more intellectual wit, if also sometimes exteriorly bland. Carson had a spark and appealed to Middle America, plus abhorred doing anything that made you think too hard.
We saw this divide again during the Jay Leno-David Letterman era. Leno always made his comedy middle of the road to give you the easy laugh. Letterman wasn't really an intellectual, though his comedy forced you to turn your gears to get the full impact.
Stephen Colbert comes from perhaps the most intellectual side of comedy to ever hit the mainstream. The Colbert and Jon Stewart comedy brands are known for bringing intelligence to comedy while still dripping with hipness and irony. The problem with that is "The Colbert Report" was everyone's favorite early evening alternative news show. In late night, audiences are likely too tired and don't want to think nearly as hard.
This dilemma brings to light yet another American divide that looks foolish next to our more serious social divides. It still highlights how comedy has two (if not more) frames of mind, depending on demographics and maybe where you live.
Fallon winning the first ratings wars may be an indication slightly more people want the Fallon brand of comedy that's easier to absorb. Colbert continues to knock us over with blazing topical, observational, and political comedy that's perhaps too much to assimilate for those exhausted after a long day.
If this is really a problem for Colbert, then maybe late-night TV wasn't the best forum for him after all. Others may argue Fallon won merely by the type of guests he had rather than comedy content. It's hard to figure that when the monumental interview of Vice President Biden on Colbert was still beat out by Fallon in the ratings.
With probably a decade or two ahead of Colbert and Fallon battling it out for #1, will we see Colbert's more thoughtful comedy always coming in a distant second rather than first as it deserves?
There truly seems to be a near 50-50 divide on the two comedy planes, which is the same for far too many other issues in our country. When it's that close, the most we can hope for is just enough people finally getting Colbert's comedy brand to bounce him to #1 when it really counts during network sweeps.
Late Show with Stephen Colbert, late-night TV, The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy FallonConan O'Brien, Donald Trump, Jimmy Fallon, Johnny Carson, Late Show, late-night TV ratings, Stephen Colbert


text:
Insider news & Analysis in Iran
Iranian opposition
News : Insider
Protests Continue Across Iran
Published: Friday, 25 October 2019
Social unrest continues to spread across Iran with people taking to the streets in protest against the corrupt mullahs running the country. The situation in Iran is explosive and the regime has been unable to contain public anger faced with numerous crises – most notably with regards to the economic and social situations.
The regime has no idea how to solve the difficulties that the people in Iran face, nor does it have the will to try. All of its efforts and resources are going towards its survival, which means spreading terrorism and chaos across the region so it can profit from instability.
Public assets are plundered on warmongering activities, as is the country's capital. The people are fed up with this corruption that is destroying their country.
To make their discontent heard, Iranians are taking part in daily protests. However, instead of listening to the grievances the people have, never mind responding to them or taking action to remedy the situation, the regime is responding with violence, force, and suppression.
There have been protests at the Azarab factory in Arak and protesters have clashed with the suppressive forces sent by the regime. The regime attempted to ban gatherings there, but the factory workers went ahead and organized a protest anyway. They were confronted by suppressive forces, both inside and in front of the factory.
#IRAN: Azarab Workers Continue Protest, Block National Railway Suppressive Forces Fire Teargas https://t.co/pGHYMRmS7m#IranProtests #FreeIran #HumanRights
— NCRI-FAC (@iran_policy) October 21, 2019
Several of the protesters were arrested, and in a later protest, the workers demanded the immediate release of their colleagues. On Monday, family members of those that were arrested the previous day also participated in the protests. They were met with tear gas which led to the protesting workers clashing with the regime's forces that were present.
The President-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) Mrs. Maryam Rajavi praised the brave factory workers for their resilience and determination. She also urged the people of Arak, in particular, the young people, to join the factory workers in their protests. She also called on international organizations and labor unions to condemn the Iranian regime's suppression and mistreatment of workers.
In addition to the protests in Arak, there have been protests in Ahvaz at the Telecommunication Office. Employees gathered in front of the head office where they demanded their unpaid salaries. The crowds grew and grew and the people were heard shouting for their rights.
Kharadegh workers in Naghadeh were also demanding their unpaid salaries. They were striking and protesting. The workers have not been paid for more than seven months.
In Mahshahr port, workers from the Farabi petrochemical company protested their unpaid salaries too.
Anti-government demonstrations, strikes, and protests are happening with such great frequency across the country. The protests are no longer about economic issues – they are now loud and clear
Mass Iran Protests on Monday
Next:Five Major Labour Protests in Iran
Latest INU tweet
Tweets by @irannewsupdate1
GETTING TO KNOW IRAN'S REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS
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US Raises Concerns After 1000...
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THE STORY OF THE 1988 MASSACRE IN IRAN
Copyright © 2020 INU - Iran News Update. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Linux IP-tables Forwarding loose Source IP on access.log Team,
We have configured IP tables with forwarding request coming on eth1(public IP x.x.x.x) interface to other server. We are able to forward all requests but problem is loosing origin public IP(Source IP of user) on server 192.168.254.X
Please find configuration below:
# Generated by iptables-save v1.6.0 on Wed Sep 13 12:19:51 2017
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [8:827]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]

-A PREROUTING -d 192.168.254.142/32 -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.254.89
-A PREROUTING -d 192.168.254.142/32 -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.254.89

-A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
# Completed on Wed Sep 13 12:19:51 2017
# Generated by iptables-save v1.6.0 on Wed Sep 13 12:19:51 2017
 *filter
 :INPUT ACCEPT [479:52143]
 :FORWARD ACCEPT [41:1856]
 :OUTPUT ACCEPT [417:79506]
 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
 -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
 COMMIT
# Completed on Wed Sep 13 12:19:51 2017

Please find output of IP Rule list.
0:      from all lookup local
1000:   from 192.168.254.142 lookup eth1rt
1000:   from 192.168.254.89 lookup eth1rt
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default

Please update what issue to loose Source IP on server 254.89.
Any help on priority will help you.
Thanks.

A: The -j MASQUERADE rules in your config instruct the kernel to rewrite the source ip-address of packets to the ip-address on the interface the packet uses to exit your system  (also know as Source NAT).
If you don't want that, those rules will need to be removed.
But please be aware that when you don't SNAT (and only re-route packets with destination NAT) you must have correct routing (on server 192.168.254.89) for the connections to work as intended.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hi Folks! Happy Monday... How was your Ramadan so far? Hope everything goes well.
I realize it is getting silent on the blog again, yup.. 2 weeks without posting. And this my first post in July 2014, Crochet collar is the best part of my crochet projects this month and now share to you all..
All about elegant! I make this lace crochet collar Handmade of 100% soft cotton and big ply soft cotton. It would make a great fashion statement. I wish wear it with a simple top and jeans, basic sweater a vintage feel.
Sew// cutest baby dress ever by Gullkorn.. I wanna make this too..
Happy today.. (sorry) for my un-consistence for share beautiful thing with Loving Everyday Tag. Sometimes inspiration came (not) in time. Today I share what favorite things in June, Baby set really-really hot items for me ^^. Mostly in June Project are baby set from Hat, dress, cape, blanket etc.
My fav. craft blogger is Marlene Rodigues from Pontinhosmeus, she is verry talented. I adore her project so much. You can visit to see her gorgeous projects, trust me.. you will adore it like me. one of favorite photo blog from Marlene is New Born Set photo. Yupp.. it's so..so.. cute..
Happy Monday.. it's been a week without post anything in my blog. Yeah! I'm was really busy with my crochet project(s) not about office task again (hopefully). Today I will share with you what I'm doing now, I decide to spend my day with crochet cardigan projects. I have target to make 3 cardigans for the rest of 2014 (6 months for 3 cardigans), can I finish this project by the time?? Let we see.. how amazing and stunning that!!. I will share my work in progress project in my lovely blog and Instagram. And the last but not least.. it's feel free to ask this patterns here, leave a comment bellow folks..
Happy Monday to you all, how your weekend? Wishing you have great weekend..
Today, I will share one of my favorite baby hat crochet form This Mama Makes Stuff, the pattern is so lovely and easy. You could tried this pattern Crochet Baby Turban Tutorial like me.
Happy Saturday. This collection has been on my craft table for way too long, but it's finally done send to Beloved Twin Sister belong to Anisa and Andini! YAY!!! I was bought this set from Bandung, for my twin nephew ( my sister in law daughters).
There are so many great details I adore on this baby set. First, the neckline or collar is beautiful! I love the sabrina style and how it gracefully slopes off the shoulders. Then, there is the delicate shell stitch detail along the dress. And also little details of flowers and leafs.
Unfortunately I can't make this set by my self, due to my tight schedule for office things. But since I've been feeling more confident in my crochet skills lately, I've decided to experiment with new baby set crochet in my next project. Yup, you can see the update on my Instagram.
Happy Tummy / Purple Macrons with Honey. By Beautiful young lady Molly from The Cottage Diaries.
Happy Monday! Today Loving Everyday full with natural colors, it's look like white, black, grey, and sometime purple with grey. Last weekend I took the time to refreshing a bit and take the morning till noon off. I saw the cinema "Meleficent" by Angelina Jolie.. Well..well.. she is really gorgeous. Have you watch this movie?
Today I'm very exited , the first working day after long weekend...I'm really surprise when I was checking my facebook notification,.I Got it!! Give Away from Sawo Kecik (Mrs. Pimpi - owner) yaayy!!.
On May 21th 2014, Sawo Kecik post giveaway 3 Patterns Clutch complete with the tutorial in FB which is she brought from ithinksew. Without a second thought I follow this give away and finally one of the winners is Me ♥. I can't fight this feeling (to make fabric clutch) any longer, I hope this give away come sooner.
Sawo Kecik is handmade crafter which established in October 2009 with a mission to process unused goods become more useful things. Various works which created by Sawo Kecik using combination some of recycled materials to be a re-used items. Mrs. Pimpi as owner Sawo Kecik have different strategic to sale her creation, it like "Haverst Time" yes.. in bahasa we call it "Panen" which is only once a month for selling their products. Just need 5 minutes to sale of their products. This is the link of Sawo Kecik, you can come a cross to their page to see the fresh and very creative products..


text:
// <copyright file="IStep.cs" company="xBehave.net contributors">
//  Copyright (c) xBehave.net contributors. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>

namespace Xbehave.Sdk
{
    using Xunit.Abstractions;

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a single step in a scenario.
    /// </summary>
    public interface IStep : ITest
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the scenario this step belongs to.
        /// </summary>
        IScenario Scenario { get; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Regulation (EU) 2018/302 addresses unjustified on line sales discrimination based on customers' nationality, place of residence or place of establishment within the internal market. The ban on geo-blocking is an important element of the digital single market strategy.
The Regulation enters into force on 22 March 2018 in all EU Member States and will apply from 3 December 2018 to allow in particular small traders to adapt.
It amends Regulations (EC) 2006/2004 and (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC.
Within two years after the entry into force of the new rules, the Commission will carry out a first evaluation of their impact on the internal market. The evaluation will include a possible application of the new rules to certain electronically supplied services which offer copyrighted content such as downloadable music, e-books, software and online games as well as of services in sectors such as transport and audio-visual.


text:
WEY P8 GT- Another Coupe SUV from China
Chinese Cars, Hybrids, International, News
The Coupe SUVs are rapidly becoming popular and people around the world are buying them in good numbers. The revolution has reached China as well with many Chinese automakers already started to add these Coupe SUVs to their lineup.
Related: First Official Photos: Changan CS85 Coupe SUV
The latest is the WEY P8 GT, a sporty coupe SUV version of the P8 SUV. The P8 GT comes with a giant black beak with a shiny edge around, sharp looking lights, and gigantic side mirrors mounted on its doors.
Measuring 4790/1940/1672 (mm), with a wheelbase of 2950mm, the WEY P8 GT is powered by a 4-wheel drive plug-in hybrid drivetrain with a 2.0 turbocharged unit, a Belt Starter Generator (BSG), and an electric motor over the rear axle, paired to a 6-speed DCT gearbox. Combined output stands at 340 horses and 524 Nm. This is the same setup as on the standard P8 SUV.
Related: WEY Signs Cristiano Ronaldo as Brand Ambassador
For the P8 SUV, WEY claims a 0-100 in 6.5 seconds, a 210 km/h top speed, a 50 kilometer all-electric range, a 600 kilometer combined range, and a fuel consumption of 2.3 liters per 100 kilometers (43.4 km per liter). The figures for the P8 GT won't be far off.
WEY is a premium vehicle division of Great Wall Motors, one of the largest automakers in China. Introduced in April 2017, WEY focuses on high-end SUVs and new energy vehicles.
Tags:Chinese carCoupe SUVP8 GTWEY
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