text:
Wine consumption in France 1980-2015, by gender
Published by Aitor Arroyo, Jan 28, 2019
This statistic shows the share of the French population consuming wine from 1980 to 2015, by gender. In 2015, almost three-quarters of French men consumed wine, compared to 60 percent of women who drank wine.
Share of the French population consuming wine from 1980 to 2015, by gender
2015 74.7% 60.5%
Wine consumption in France
Wine consumption per capita per year in France 2007-2017 (in liters)
Average purchase price of still wine per liter in France 2010-2017
Official production of wine in France 2006-2016
AOC wine consumption in France 2015-2018, by region
Statistics on "Wine consumption in France"
Production value of wine in France 2014-2018
Consumption of wine in France from 2007 to 2017 (in 1,000 hectoliters)
Online wine sales in France 2008-2020
Wine consumption frequency in France 1980-2015
Manufacture of wine: number of companies in France 2008-2016
Volume of wine purchased per household in France from 2010-2017
AOP wine purchased per household in France 2010-2017
IGP wine purchases per household in France 2010-2017
Table wine purchases per household and year in France from 2010 to 2017
Foreign wine purchases in France 2010-2017
Average price paid for AOP wine in France from 2010-2017
IGP wine price in France from 2010-2017
Wine purchased from convenience and grocery stores per household in France 2010-2017
AOP wine purchase from convenience & grocery stores per household in France 2010-2017
Average price paid for wine +in convenience and grocery stores in France 2010-2017
Household expenditure on wine from convenience and grocery stores in France 2010-2017
Wine purchased per household in France 2010-2017, by distribution channel
AOP wine purchase in hyper- and supermarkets per household in France 2010-2017
Average price paid for wine in hypermarkets and supermarkets in France 2010-2017
Wine expenditure in hypermarkets and supermarkets per household in France 2010-2017
Wine usage in France 2014-2018, by type
Wine consumption in France 2014-2018, by variety
Wine consumption in France 2014-2018, by origin
Sparkling and flavored wine usage in France 2015-2018, by variety
Most often used varieties of sparkling wine in France 2015-2018, by number of users
Leading brands of sparkling and flavoured wine in France 2015-2018,by number of users
Leading brands of port in France 2015-2018, by number of users
U.S. consumers' favorite wines 2015, by varietal
U.S. consumers' favorite wines 2015, by style
U.S. consumers' reasons for drinking wine 2016
U.S. consumers' decision making factors when purchasing wine 2015
Percentage of Americans engaging in selected activities per day in 2011, by gender
Share of Americans who bought wine at nightclubs or bars 2018, by age
Share of active-duty married women and men in the U.S. Military in 2010
Share of victims of violence outside home in France by aggressions and gender 2018
Christmas shopping: per capita expenditure by gender UK 2016
Usage frequency of body treatments in the U.S. 2011-2019
Thought of death frequency among people by gender in France 2018
Russian population in 2019, by gender and age group
EU: Public acceptance of domestic violence against women and men 2016
Kinds of professional personal care services used in the U.S. 2011-2019
Main concerns about ecology and sustainable development in France 2018, by gender
Types of caregivers in charge of dependent elderly men in Spain 2014
Frequency of hair cuts in the U.S. 2011-2019
Opinion on whether there are more advantages in being a man or a woman in France 2019
Women on appropriate and inappropriate activities with a man who is not their spouse
Russian population 2018, by gender and age
Wine consumption in France Wine market in Europe Wine market in Italy
FranceAgriMer. (October 1, 2017). Share of the French population consuming wine from 1980 to 2015, by gender [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 29, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/763813/wine-consumption-by-gender-france/
FranceAgriMer. "Share of the French population consuming wine from 1980 to 2015, by gender." Chart. October 1, 2017. Statista. Accessed January 29, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/763813/wine-consumption-by-gender-france/
FranceAgriMer. (2017). Share of the French population consuming wine from 1980 to 2015, by gender. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 29, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/763813/wine-consumption-by-gender-france/
FranceAgriMer. "Share of The French Population Consuming Wine from 1980 to 2015, by Gender." Statista, Statista Inc., 1 Oct 2017, https://www.statista.com/statistics/763813/wine-consumption-by-gender-france/
FranceAgriMer, Share of the French population consuming wine from 1980 to 2015, by gender Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/763813/wine-consumption-by-gender-france/ (last visited January 29, 2020)


text:
package com.ajjpj.afoundation.concurrent;

import com.ajjpj.afoundation.collection.immutable.AList;
import com.ajjpj.afoundation.collection.immutable.AOption;
import com.ajjpj.afoundation.collection.immutable.ATry;
import com.ajjpj.afoundation.collection.tuples.ATuple2;
import com.ajjpj.afoundation.function.*;
import com.ajjpj.afoundation.util.AUnchecker;

import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer;

class AFutureImpl<T> implements ASettableFuture<T> {
    private final AThreadPool internalThreadPool;
    private final AtomicReference<State<T>> state = new AtomicReference<> (new State<> (null, AList.nil ()));

    public AFutureImpl (AThreadPool internalThreadPool) {
        this.internalThreadPool = internalThreadPool;
    }

    public static <T> AFutureImpl<T> fromTry (AThreadPool tp, ATry<T> o) {
        final AFutureImpl<T> result = new AFutureImpl<> (tp);
        result.complete (o);
        return result;
    }

    @Override public AFuture<T> onComplete (AThreadPool tp, AStatement1<ATry<T>, ?> handler) {
        State<T> before, after;
        do {
            before = state.get ();
            if (before.isComplete ()) {
                fireListener (tp, handler, before.value);
                return this;
            }
            after = before.withListener (tp, handler);
        }
        while (! state.compareAndSet (before, after));
        return this;
    }

    @Override public boolean isComplete () {
        return state.get ().isComplete ();
    }

    @Override public AOption<ATry<T>> optValue () {
        return AOption.fromNullable (state.get ().value);
    }

    @Override public void await (long atMost, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        final CompletionLatch l = new CompletionLatch ();
        onComplete (AThreadPool.SYNC_THREADPOOL, x -> l.releaseShared (1));
        if (! l.tryAcquireNanos (1, timeUnit.toNanos (atMost))) {
            throw new TimeoutExceptionWithoutStackTrace ();
        }
    }

    @Override public T value (long atMost, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        await (atMost, timeUnit);
        return optValue ().get ().getValue ();
    }

    @Override public AFuture<Throwable> inverse() {
        final AFutureImpl<Throwable> result = new AFutureImpl<> (AThreadPool.SYNC_THREADPOOL);

        onComplete (AThreadPool.SYNC_THREADPOOL, res -> {
            result.complete (res.inverse ());
        });

        return result;
    }

    @Override public void complete (ATry<T> o) {
        if (!tryComplete (o)) throw new IllegalStateException ("trying to complete an already completed future");
    }

    private void fireListener (AThreadPool tp, AStatement1<ATry<T>, ?> f, ATry<T> value) {
        tp.submit (() -> {
            try {
                f.apply (value);
            }
            catch (Throwable th) {
                AUnchecker.throwUnchecked (th);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override public boolean tryComplete (ATry<T> o) {
        State<T> before, after;

        do {
            before = state.get ();
            if (before.isComplete ()) return false;

            // set the result, and remove all listeners at the same time
            after = new State<> (o, AList.nil ());
        }
        while (! state.compareAndSet (before, after));

        // fire all listeners registered *before* the call to complete
        before.listeners.foreach (l -> fireListener (l._1, l._2, o));

        // ... and fire all listeners registered concurrently. After this call, new listeners will be executed immediately rather than stored, so this is sufficient
        state.get().listeners.foreach (l -> fireListener (l._1, l._2, o));

        return true;
    }

    //TODO completeWith, tryCompleteWith

//    @Override public <S> AFuture<S> transform (AThreadPool tp, AFunction1<T, S, ?> s, AFunction1<Throwable, Throwable, ?> t) {
//        final AFutureImpl<S> result = new AFutureImpl<> ();
//
//        onComplete (tp, res -> {
//            TODO NonFatal?!
//        });
//
//        return result;
//    }

    @Override public <S> AFuture<S> map (AThreadPool tp, AFunction1<T, S, ?> f) {
        final AFutureImpl<S> result = new AFutureImpl<> (tp);

        onComplete (tp, v -> {
            try {
                result.complete (v.map (f));
            }
            catch (Throwable th) {
                result.completeAsFailure (th);
            }
        });

        return result;
    }

    @Override public <S> AFuture<S> flatMap (AThreadPool tp, AFunction1<T, AFuture<S>, ?> f) {
        final AFutureImpl<S> result = new AFutureImpl<> (tp);

        onComplete (tp, v -> {
            if (v.isFailure()) {
                //noinspection unchecked
                result.complete ((ATry<S>) v);
            }
            else {
                f.apply (v.getValue()).onComplete (tp, result::complete); //TODO Scala: NonFatal vs. Fatal exceptions?!
            }
        });

        return result;
    }

    @Override public AFuture<T> filter (AThreadPool tp, APredicate<T, ?> f) {
        return map (tp, x -> {
            if (f.apply (x)) return x;
            else throw new NoSuchElementException ();
        });
    }

    @Override public <S> AFuture<S> collect (AThreadPool tp, APartialFunction<T, S, ?> f) {
        return map (tp, x -> {
            if (f.isDefinedAt (x)) return f.apply (x);
            else throw new NoSuchElementException ();
        });
    }

    @Override public AFuture<T> recover (AThreadPool tp, APartialFunction<Throwable, T, ?> f) {
        final AFutureImpl<T> result = new AFutureImpl<> (tp);
        onComplete (tp, x -> result.complete (x.recover (f)));
        return result;
    }

    @Override public AFuture<T> recoverWith (AThreadPool tp, APartialFunction<Throwable, AFuture<T>, ?> f) {
        final AFutureImpl<T> result = new AFutureImpl<> (tp);

        onSuccess (AThreadPool.SYNC_THREADPOOL, result::completeAsSuccess);
        onFailure (AThreadPool.SYNC_THREADPOOL, (AStatement1<Throwable, Throwable>) th -> {
            if (!f.isDefinedAt (th)) result.completeAsFailure (th);
            else {
                f.apply (th).onComplete (tp, result::complete);
            }
        });

        return result;
    }

    @Override public <S> AFuture<ATuple2<T, S>> zip (AFuture<S> that) {
        final AFutureImpl<ATuple2<T,S>> result = new AFutureImpl<> (internalThreadPool);
        onComplete (internalThreadPool, first -> {
            if (first.isFailure ()) {
                //noinspection unchecked
                result.complete ((ATry) first);
            }
            else {
                that.onComplete (internalThreadPool, second -> {
                    result.complete (second.map (v -> new ATuple2<> (first.getValue (), v)));
                });
            }
        });
        return result;
    }

    @Override public AFuture<T> fallbackTo (AFuture<T> that) {
        final AFutureImpl<T> result = new AFutureImpl<> (internalThreadPool);
        onComplete (internalThreadPool, first -> {
            if (first.isSuccess()) result.complete (first);
            else {
                that.onComplete (internalThreadPool, second -> {
                    if (second.isSuccess ()) result.complete (second);
                    else result.complete (first); // if both failed, complete with the first AFuture's throwable
                });
            }
        });
        return result;
    }

    @Override public AFuture<T> andThen (AThreadPool tp, APartialStatement<ATry<T>, ?> f) {
        final AFutureImpl<T> result = new AFutureImpl<> (tp);
        onComplete (tp, v -> {
            try {
                if (f.isDefinedAt (v)) f.apply (v);
            }
            finally {
                result.complete (v);
            }
        });
        return result;
    }

    static class State<T> {
        final ATry<T> value;
        final AList<ATuple2<AThreadPool, AStatement1<ATry <T>, ?>>> listeners;

        State (ATry<T> value, AList<ATuple2<AThreadPool, AStatement1<ATry<T>, ?>>> listeners) {
            this.value = value;
            this.listeners = listeners;
        }

        State<T> withListener (AThreadPool tp, AStatement1<ATry<T>, ?> l) {
            return new State<> (value, listeners.cons (new ATuple2<> (tp, l)));
        }

        boolean isComplete() {
            return value != null;
        }

        @Override public String toString () {
            return "State{" +
                    "value=" + value +
                    ", listeners=" + listeners +
                    '}';
        }
    }

    static class CompletionLatch extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        @Override protected int tryAcquireShared (int ignored) {
            return getState () == 0 ? 1 : -1;
        }

        @Override protected boolean tryReleaseShared (int ignored) {
            setState (1);
            return true;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We've captured the best bits of winter. Mulled wine and mistletoe. Winter coats and rosy cheeks. Log fires, happy cats and old movies on the telly. Tea and warming spices. A blend of orange peel, cinnamon and cloves on a redbush tea base, perfect on a crisp frosty day or with brandy at bedtime.
It's Beginning to Taste A Lot Like Christmas!!
Even more Christmassy than Santa!
"I love spiced tea and I love good, whole tea. Your tea ticked both of these boxes.
"This tea is absolutely delicious, the blend of spices is perfect.
"The smell of the tea is amazing,rich and spicy taste.
"Love love love this tea. I was keen on rooibos anyway but the spices in this are flipping fantastic! The balance of spices is really lovely and smells wonderfully festive. I love that it's like a caffeine free chai, making it perfect morning noon or night.
"Like other reviewers this tea has converted me to rooibos which I previously loathed. This tea smells of winter - candles trees and log fires and warms brilliantly.
"Tried the spiced red berry tea whilst on holiday and thoroughly enjoyed it, have told my expectant daughter in law about it, and will be placing an order for the two of us.
"I don't drink alcohol much as I always seem to be the designated driver, so when everyone's passing round the mulled wine or Snowballs at Christmas, I always feel a little left out. When I got this Spiced Winter tea I brewed a cup, added a dash of milk and settled down to enjoy the festive flavours - I didn't feel so left out! It really does taste like Christmas in a Cup.
"Perfect recipe for the late Russian winter - astonishing bouquet and just the right portion of spices!
Spiced Winter Red Tea - Gorgjuss!!!!!!!!!
"After a wet afternoon walk with the dog there is nothing better than having a cup of Spiced Winter Red Tea - it is absolutely delicious (and in my opinion I think it tastes better without milk).


text:
Climate Initiatives Platform
Impacts of ICIs
Climate Ambition Alliance: Net Zero 2050
Download this ICI as Excel file
Name of initiative
LPAA initiative
NAZCA Initiative
https://climateaction.unfccc.int/views/cooperative-initiative-details.html?id=94
Starting year
Members of Race to Zero automatically join countries in the Climate Ambition Alliance, and their participation is registered on the Global Climate Action portal.
Led by the High-Level Climate Champions for Climate Action – Nigel Topping and Gonzalo Muñoz – Race To Zero mobilizes actors outside of national governments to join the Climate Ambition Alliance, which was launched at the UNSG's Climate Action Summit 2019 by the President of Chile, Sebastián Piñera.
Name of lead organisation
Climate Ambition Alliance
Type of lead organisation
United Nations or Specialised agency
Location/Nationality of lead organisation
The Climate Ambition Alliance brings together countries, businesses, investors, cities and regions who are working towards achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050. Country engagement in this Alliance is led by the governments of Chile and the United Kingdom, with support from UN Climate Change and UNDP; while mobilization of a non-government actors is led by the High-Level Climate Champions for Climate Action – Nigel Topping and Gonzalo Muñoz – under the 'Race to Zero' campaign.
In addition to the countries listed as participants below, the European Union is also part of this initiative.
The objective is to build momentum around the shift to a decarbonized economy ahead of COP26, where governments must strengthen their contributions to the Paris Agreement. This will send governments a resounding signal that business, cities, regions and investors are united in meeting the Paris goals and creating a more inclusive and resilient economy.
Race To Zero:
To mobilize non-state actors to credibly join the Climate Ambition Alliance, the Race to Zero campaign was launched on 5 June 2020. Led by the High-Level Climate Champions for Climate Action – Nigel Topping and Gonzalo Muñoz – the Race To Zero campaign mobilizes actors outside of national governments to join the Climate Ambition Alliance. In doing so Race To Zero rallies leadership and support from businesses, cities, regions, and investors for a healthy, resilient, zero carbon recovery from COVID-19 that prevents future threats, creates decent jobs, and unlocks inclusive, sustainable growth.
The Race to Zero campaign is a partnership of leading networks and initiatives from across the climate action community--driven by science
One or two success stories achieved
Monitoring and Impacts
Function of initiative
Activity of initiative
To reach (net)-zero in the 2040s or sooner, or by midcentury at the latest, in line with global efforts to limit warming to 1.5C.
Comments on indicators and goals
How will goals be achieved
Have you changed or strenghtened your goals
Progress towards the goals
How are you tracking progress of your initiative
Available reporting
https://unfccc.int/climate-action/race-to-zero/who-s-in-race-to-zero#eq-12
Companies 1101
Business organisations 0
Research and educational organisations 549
Non-governmental organisations 0
National states 120 Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Canada, Central, African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Fi nland, France, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kiribati, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Monaco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United K., Tanzania, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia.
Governmental actors 0
Regional / state / county actors 22 Australian Capital Territory (Australia), Basque Country (Spain), Brussels Capital Region (Belgium), California (USA), Catalonia (Spain), Comunidad de Madrid (Spain), Galicia (Spain), Hawaii State (USA), Jamtland (Sweden), Navarra (Spain), New South Wales (Australia), New York State (USA), North Holland (Netherlands), Northern Territory (Australia), Queensland (Australia), Scotland (United K.), South Australia (Australia), State Of Washington (USA), Thuringia (Germany), Victoria (Australia), Wales (United K.), Walloon Region (Belgium).
City / municipal actors 452 25 De Mayo (Argentina), Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), Accra (Ghana), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Akashi City (Japan), Alba Posse (Argentina), Albertslund (Denmark), Allerød (Denmark), Almafuerte (Argentina), Alpa Corral (Argentina), Amman (Jordan), Amsterdam (Netherlands), Arendal (Norway), Arequito (Argentina), Århus (Denmark), Arias Córdoba (Argentina), Armstrong (Argentina), Arteaga (Argentina), Aso City - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Assens (Denmark), Athens (Greece), Auckland (New Zealand), Austin (USA), Avellaneda (Argentina), Awashimaura Village - Niigata Prefecture (Japan), Barcelona (Spain), Bell Ville (Argentina), Berlin (Germany), Beverly - MA (USA), Bogotá (Colombia), Bonn (Germany), Bonpland (Argentina), Boston - MA (USA), Boulder (USA), Bragado (Argentina), Bristol (United K.), Budapest (Hungary), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Byron Shire (Australia), Caa Yarí (Argentina), Cambridge - MA (USA), Camilo Aldao (Argentina), Campo Grande (Argentina), Campo Ramón (Argentina), Cape Town (South Africa), Capioví (Argentina), Carcarañá (Argentina), Carlos Tejedor (Argentina), Carmen De Patagones (Argentina), Caseros (Argentina), Casilda (Argentina), Centenario (Argentina), Centeno (Argentina), Cerrito (Argentina), ChabáS (Argentina), Chacabuco (Argentina), Chañar Ladeado (Argentina), Chengdu (China), Chennai (China), Chicago (USA), Chichibu City (Japan), Chovet (Argentina), Cipolletti (Argentina), Colón - Ar (Argentina), Colonia Alberdi (Argentina), Colonia Wanda (Argentina), Columbia - MO (USA), Comandante Andresito (Argentina), (), Concepcion (Argentina), Copenhagen (Denmark), Cordoba (Argentina), Coronel Dominguez (Argentina), Corpus (Argentina), Correa - Santa Fe (Argentina), Corrientes (Argentina), Cosquín (Argentina), Crespo (Argentina), Cruz Alta (Argentina), Curitiba (Brazil), Cuyahoga County - OH (USA), Dakar (Senegal), Dallas (United States of America), Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania), Darebin City Council (Australia), Davis, CA (USA), Denver (USA), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Diamante (Argentina), Dolores (Argentina), Dubai (United Arab Emirates), Durban (South Africa), Eau Claire - WI (USA), Ehime Prefecture (Japan), El Soberbio (Argentina), Elortondo (Argentina), Emilia (Argentina), Empedrado (Argentina), Evanston - IL (USA), Fachinal (Argentina), Florentino Ameghino (Argentina), Fort Collins - CO (USA), Fredensborg (Denmark), Fredericia (Denmark), Frederiksberg (Denmark), Frederikshavn (Denmark), Freetown (Sierra Leone), Fremont - CA (USA), Fudai Village (Japan), Fukuoka City - Fukuoka Prefecture (Japan), Furubira Town - Hokkaido Prefecture (Japan), Fuzhou (China), Garuhapé (Argentina), General Alvarado (Argentina), General Alvear - Mendoza (Argentina), General Arenales (Argentina), General Belgrano (Argentina), General Pinto (Argentina), General Urquiza (Argentina), General Villegas (Argentina), Glasgow (United K.), Gobernador López (Argentina), Gobernador Roca (Argentina), Godoy Cruz (Argentina), Gotemba City - Shizuoka Prefecture (Japan), Greater Manchester (United K.), Guadalajara (Mexico), Guaminí (Argentina), GuaymalléN (Argentina), Guelph (Canada), Gunma Prefecture (Japan), Gyokutou Town- Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Hachimantai City - Iwate Prefecture (Japan), Hakuba Village - Nagano Prefecture (Japan), Halifax (Canada), Hamamatsu City - Shizuoka Prefecture (Japan), Hamburg (Germany), Hamilton (Canada), Handa City - Aichi Prefecture (Japan), Hanoi (Vietnam), Heidelberg (Germany), Helsingborg (Sweden), Helsingør (Denmark), Helsinki (Finland), Hernandarias (Argentina), Higashine City - Yamagata Prefecture (Japan), Hirakata City - Osaka Prefecture (Japan)
Hirono Town (Japan), Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), Hoboken (USA), Hobsons Bay (Australia), Hoeje-Taastrup (Denmark), Hokkaido Prefecture (Japan), Hokuei Town - Tottori Prefecture (Japan), Hong Kong (China), Honolulu (USA), Houston - TX (USA), Hurlingham (Argentina), Ichinohe Town (Japan), Ikeda Town - Nagano Prefecture (Japan), Ikoma City (Japan), Indianapolis - IN (USA), Inriville (Argentina), Istanbul (Turkey), Iwate Prefecture (Japan), Jakarta (Indonesia), Jammerbugt (Denmark), Johannesburg (South Africa), Juana Koslay (Argentina), Junín (Argentina), Justiniano Posse (Argentina), Kadiovacik Village (Turkey), Kaga (Japan), Kagoshima City - Kagoshima Prefecture (Japan), Kaisei Town - Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan), Kamakura City - Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan), Kampala (Uganda), Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan), Kanazawa City - Ishikawa Prefecture (Japan), Karachi (Pakistan), Karuizawa Town - Nagano Prefecture (Japan), Karumai Town (Japan), Kashima Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Katsushika Ward - Tokyo (Japan), Kawasaki City - Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan), Kikuchi City - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Kikuyo Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Køge (Denmark), Koriyama City (Japan), Koshi City - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Kuji City (Japan), Kumamoto City - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Kunohe Village (Japan), Kuzumaki Town (Japan), Kyoto (Japan), Kyoto Prefecture (Japan), La Falda (Argentina), La Paz (Argentina), La Rioja (Argentina), Laborde (Argentina), Lagos (Nigeria), Las Flores (Argentina), Lavalle (Argentina), Leandro N. Alem (Argentina), Lejre (Denmark), Lemvig (Denmark), Lexington - MA (USA), Libertador San Martín (Argentina), Lima (Peru), Lincoln (Argentina), Lisbon (Portugal), Llambi Campbell (Argentina), Lobos (Argentina), Lolland (Denmark), London (United K.), Los Angeles (United States of America), Los Cocos (Argentina), Los Molles (Argentina), Los Reartes (Argentina), Los Surgentes (Argentina), Lucio V Lopez (Argentina), Macia (Argentina), Madison - WI (United States of America), Madrid (Spain), Maggiolo (Argentina), Malabrigo (Argentina), MalargüE (Argentina), Maniwa City - Okinawa Prefecture (Japan), Mannheim (Germany), Mar Chiquita (Argentina), Marcos JuáRez (Argentina), Marcos Paz (Argentina), María Grande (Argentina), Mashiki Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Matsuyama City - Ehime Prefecture (Japan), Medellín (Colombia), Medford - OR (USA), Melbourne (Australia), Mendiolaza (Argentina), Mendoza (Argentina), Mexico City (Mexico), Miami (USA), Middelfart (Denmark), Mie Prefecture (Japan), Mifune Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Milan (Italy), Minamiaso Village - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Minneapolis (USA), Misato Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Miura City - Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan), Miyagi Prefecture (Japan), Miyoshi City (Japan), Monte Buey (Argentina), Monte Maíz (Argentina), Monte Vera (Argentina), Montecarlo (Argentina), MontréAl (Canada), Mornington Peninsula Shire (Australia), Morón (Argentina), Mosier (USA), Nagano Prefecture (Japan), Nairobi (Kenya), Namie Tow - Fukushima Prefecture (Japan), Nanbu Town - Tottori (Japan), Nanjing (China), Nantes Metropole (France), Nasushiobara City (Japan), Neuquen (Argentina), New Bedford -MA (USA), New Orleans (USA), New York City (USA), Ninohe City (Japan), Nishihara Village - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Noda Village (Japan), Nogoyá (Argentina), North Vancouver (Canada), Northampton - MA (USA), Oberá (Argentina), Odawara City (Japan), Okazaki (Japan), Oki Town - Fukuoka Prefecture (Japan), Okuma Town - Fukushima Prefecture (Japan), Olavarría (Argentina), Örebro (Sweden), Oro Verde (Argentina), Osaka Prefecture (Japan), Oslo (Norway), Ota City - Gunma Prefecture (Japan), Otari Village - Nagano Prefecture (Japan), Ozu Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Palpala (Argentina), Panambí (Argentina), Paraná (Argentina), Paris (France), Park City - UT (USA), Paso De La Patria (Argentina), Paso De Los Libres (Argentina), Pellegrini (Argentina), PéRez (Argentina), Philadelphia (USA), Phoenix (USA), Piamonte (Argentina), Piedras Blancas (Argentina), Pittsburgh (USA), Plymouth (United K.), Portland (USA), Potrero De Los Funes (Argentina), Profundidad (Argentina), Providence - RI (USA), Pueblo Andino (Argentina), Puerto Esperanza (Argentina), Puerto Libertad (Argentina), Puerto Piray (Argentina), Puerto Rico (Argentina), Qingdao (China), Quemu Quemu (Argentina), Quezon City (Philippines), Quilmes (Argentina), Quito (Ecuador), Rafaela (Argentina), Ramona (Argentina), Randers (Denmark), Rauch (Argentina), Reconquista (Argentina), Resistencia (Argentina), Rio Cuarto (Argentina), Rio De Janeiro (Brazil), Rio Primero (Argentina), Rivadavia (Argentina), Rojas (Argentina), Rome (Italy), Roque Saenz Peña (Argentina), Rosario (Argentina), Rosario de la Frontera (Argentina), Roskilde (Denmark), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Ruíz De Montoya (Argentina), Sado City - Niigata Prefecture (Japan), Salliqueló (Argentina), Salt Lake City (USA), Salta (Argentina), Salvador (Brazil), Samsø (Denmark), San Antonio De Apipe (Argentina), San Antonio De Areco (Argentina), San Benito (Argentina), San Carlos (Argentina), San Carlos De Bariloche (Argentina), San Carlos Sud (Argentina), San Fernando Valle Catamarca (Argentina), San Francisco (United States of America), San Guillermo (Argentina), San Isidro (Argentina), San Javier (Argentina), San Jorge (Argentina), San José (Argentina), San Justo (Argentina), San Lorenzo (Argentina), San Martin De Los Andes (Argentina), San Miguel - Buenos Aires (Argentina), San NicoláS De Los Arroyos (Argentina), San Vicente (Argentina), Santa Anita (Argentina), Santa Fé (Argentina), Santa Monica (USA), Santiago City (Chile), Santo Tomé (Argentina), São Paulo (Brazil), Sapporo City - Hokkaido Prefecture (Japan), Sarasota - FL (USA), Sauce Viejo (Argentina), Seattle - WA (USA), Seoul (Republic of Korea), Shiga Prefecture (Japan), Shima City - Mie Prefecture (Japan), Soldini (Argentina), Somerville - MA (USA), Sonderborg (Denmark), Stockholm (Sweden), Sydney (Australia), Tafi Viejo (Argentina), Takamori Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Takeo City - Saga Prefecture (Japan), Takoma Park - MD (USA), Tandil (Argentina), Tapalqué (Argentina), Taunton (United K.), Tel Aviv-Yafo (Israel), Terra Nova Do Norte (Brazil), Tilisarao (Argentina), Tirana (Albania), Tokushima Prefecture (Japan), Tokyo (Japan), Tolar Grande (Argentina), Tornquist (Argentina), Toronto (Canada), Totoras (Argentina), Tottori Prefecture (Japan), Toyama Prefecture (Japan), Toyota (Japan), Tres Arroyos (Argentina), Tres Capones (Argentina), Tshwane (South Africa), Turku (Finland), Ubajaya (Argentina) Uki City - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Umeå (Sweden), Uozu City - Toyama Prefecture (Japan), Uppsala (Sweden), Uranga (Argentina), Urbana - IL (USA), Uto City - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Valle Hermoso (Argentina), Valle María (Argentina), Vancouver (Canada), Västervik (Sweden), Växjö (Sweden), Vejle (Denmark), Venado Tuerto (Argentina), Venice (Italy), Villa Allende (Argentina), Villa Carlos Paz (Argentina), Villa Ciudad Parque (Argentina), Villa De Soto (Argentina), Villa El Chocón (Argentina), Villa Elisa (Entre Ríos) (Argentina), Villa Eloisa (Argentina), Villa General Belgrano (Argentina), Villa Gessel (Argentina), Villa Larca (Argentina), Villa Pehuenia (Argentina), Villa Quillinzo (Argentina), Villaguay (Argentina), Villarino (Argentina), Warsaw (Poland), Washington, - D.C. (USA), West Hollywood CA (USA), West Palm Beach - FL (USA), Winona (USA), Wuhan (China), Yamanashi Prefecture (Japan), Yamato Town - Kumamoto Prefecture (Japan), Yerba Buena (Argentina), Yokohama (Japan), Yosano Town - Kyoto Prefecture (Japan)
Intergovernmental organisations 0
Financial Institutions 45 Alecta PensionsföRsäKring (Sweden), Allianz SE (Germany), AMF Pensionsförsäkring (Sweden), Assicurazioni Generali Spa (Italy), Australian Ethical Investment (Australia), Aviva plc (United K.), AXA Group (France), BanColombia SA (Colombia), British Land Company (United K.), Caisse De Depot Et Placement Du QuéBec (Canada), Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations - CDC (France), Calpers (USA), Cbus (Australia), Church Of England (United K.), CNP Assurances (France), Danica Pension (Denmark), David Rockefeller Fund (USA), Dexus Property Group (Australia), Etablissement Du RéGime Additionnel De La Fonction Publique - Erafp (France), Folksam (Sweden), Fonds De RéServe Pour Les Retraites (France), FullCycle (USA), Future Super (Australia), Hannon Armstrong Sustainable Infrastructure Capital (USA), KENFO - Fonds zur Finanzierung der kerntechnischen Entsorgung (Germany), KLP (Norway), Landsec (United K.), MP Pension (Denmark), Munich Re (Germany), Nordea Life And Pension (Finland), Novo Banco (Portugal), OXI-ZEN Solutions SA (Switzerland), PensionDanmark (Denmark), Pfa Pension (Denmark), REFINITIV (United K.), Scor SE (France), Storebrand ASA (Norway), Swiss Re (Switzerland), The Co-operative Group (United K.), Wespath Investment Management (USA), Workspace Group (United K.), Zurich Insurance Group (Switzerland).
Supporting partners 19 Race to Zero is an exercise in radical collaboration, uniting net zero commitments from a range of leading networks and initiatives across the climate action community. Race to Zero collaborates with the following initiatives and networks, which have independently been mobilizing non-Party net zero commitments:
•The Argentinian Network of Municipalities •Certified B Corporation •The B Team •Business Ambition for 1.5 C - Our Only Future •C40's Deadline 2020 •Carbon Neutrality Coalition •Chambers Climate Coalition •The Climate Pledge •Exponential Roadmap Initiative •Fashion Charter for Climate Action •Global Universities and Colleges for the Climate •ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability •Net-Zero Asset Owners Alliance •Science Based Targets for Cities •TED Countdown •Under2Coalition •World Economic Forum / Mission Possible •We Mean Business Coalition •World Business Council For Sustainable Development
Number of members in the years
Have only national states as participators
Cities and subnational governments
Short Term Pollutants
International maritime transport
Fluorinated gases
Supply chain emission reductions
Energy Access and Efficiency
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Last update: 21 September 2020 10:41:07
Not only have national states as participators
Retrieved from "http://climateinitiativesplatform.org/index.php?title=Climate_Ambition_Alliance:_Net_Zero_2050&oldid=18360"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nicola LeFanu
Apr 28 , 1947 - Present
View Works
Image © Michael Salander
Nicola LeFanu has composed around one hundred works for a variety of mediums. Her music is published by Edition Peters and by Novello and has been widely played, broadcast and recorded. She has composed eight operas, which have been staged in UK, Ireland and USA: Dawnpath (New Opera Company, London, 1977), The Story of Mary O'Neill, a radio opera, libretto Sally McInerney, (BBC, 1987), The Green Children, a children's opera, libretto Kevin Crossley-Holland, (Kings Lynn Festival, 1990), Blood Wedding, libretto Deborah Levy (WPT, London 1992), The Wildman, libretto Crossley-Holland, (Aldeburgh Festival, 1995), Light Passing, libretto John Edmonds, (BBC/NCEM, York, 2004), Dream Hunter, libretto John Fuller (Lontano, Wales 2011, London 2012) and Tokaido Road, a Journey after Hiroshige, libretto Nancy Gaffield, (Okeanos, Cheltenham Festival, July 2014).
Complete Biography
Website Discography Worklist
She was born in England in 1947 to Irish parents; her mother was the composer Elizabeth Maconchy. LeFanu studied at Oxford, RCM and Harvard. She is active in many aspects of the musical profession and was Professor of Music at University of York, 1994-2008.
In April 2017 she celebrated her seventieth birthday, and was BBC Radio 3 'Composer of the Week'. 2017 also saw premieres of five new works, including 'The Crimson Bird' a dramatic scena, text John Fuller; commissioned by RPS for BBCSO with Rachel Nicholls, soprano. The cantata 'St Hilda of Whitby', text Wendy Cope, was premiered in February 2018.
In 2020 a CD with four of her major orchestral pieces was released by NMC, supported by a grant from the PRSF. It features the RTE NSO and the BBCSO.
Premieres since the pandemic include LeFanu's new work for saxophone orchestra 'In The Forests of the Night', premiered in New York and toured in Germany and UK; the Quintet for strings; 'After Lindisfarne' for solo horn; 'Triptych' for baritone and chamber orchestra (text, Rowan Williams), 'Broadwood Bagatelles' for clavichord and 'the forest, the strand, the sea' for solo piano.
Ben-Haim ACUM Award 2022 for Ella Milch-Sheriff
Elena Mendoza wins Kaske Foundation Prize
Tyshawn Sorey signs with Edition Peters
George Crumb 1929–2022


The Mouvre is a traveling pop-up gallery showcasing local and worldwide talent in unique ways and spaces. It travels through a community using undeveloped or empty real estate including but not limited to retail, office, or vacant buildings. The idea behind the Mouvre is to make a space for creatives while also bringing people through available real estate. This traffic will inevitably create interest in the space leading to development throughout communities.
Through the use of creativity in many artistic media, Mouvre changes what would be to what could be. Changing "For Sale" or "For Lease" signs to temporary galleries and storefronts, embedding the visual of a business into a potential tenant's mind.
Each exhibition of the Mouvre is different. Each space has unique qualities that can be tapped into. As soon as you walk through the door, you can feel the energy, excitement, and potential.
No detail is left unattended, especially from the outside. With facades considered, signage installed and lighting carefully picked to fit each aesthetic profile.
With gracious help of volunteers, artists, and local community members, Mouvre comes to life. To join the mouvrement, visit the Contact page.
The artistic caliber as well as presentation of work at Mouvre is of the highest quality. The experience of Mouvre is not hindered because of it's temporary life, but rather elevated. Don't miss out!
If you are interested in supporting Mouvre, please visit the Contact page.
It is not without sponsors that the Mouvre is made possible. Partnering with local agencies, companies, and artists, Mouvre has the capacity to tap into special groups of creatives that push the limit of what is possible.
Whether you are a creator, artist, designer, or realtor, if you have an idea you'd like to share with us please use the form below!


Services are the 2nd & 4th Sundays at the Sons of Norway. Sunday School for all ages is at 9am with a 10am service. Coffee, donuts and childcare provided.
Gateway Fellowship is a vibrant regional church in North Kitsap County, Washington. We are passionate about God and serving him through worship, small groups and ministry teams.
Our motto is Reaching Up to God, Reaching Out to others, and Reaching In to the body of Christ and we strive to be a church of faith, a church of hope, and a church of challenge.
WE ARE PASSIONATELY CONNECTING OUR COMMUNITY TO CHRIST SO THAT GOD IS GLORIFIED AND LIVES ARE CHANGED FOREVER!
751 NW Finn Hill Rd.
We are a diverse and vibrant faith community celebrating over 60 years of ministry to and with the people of Bainbridge Island. Our children, youth and adults have a passion for worship, outreach, fellowship and Christian formation, and our doors are open to all people, no matter where you are on your journey of faith. We invite you to visit us on Sunday morning. You will find that through the Holy Eucharist you are included in the fellowship of God's family.


Arlen Specter switched parties because he couldn't win the Republican primary, now he loses the Democratic primary to Joe Sestak. This just in Arlen, it's not about party this year, the key word is "incumbent." You're 80 years old, you've been in the Senate for 30 years. Your time is up.
Mitch McConnell's hand-picked candidate to succeed Jim Bunning got smoked by Tea Party favorite Rand Paul in the Republican senatorial primary in Kentucky. Once again, connections to the party establishment, regardless of which party, is the kiss of death this election season.
The latest example of why the anti-incumbent mood exists. Eight-term Congressman Mark Souder announced his resignation after an affair with one of his staffers was exposed.
"The Obama administration is actively trying to dismiss media reports that vast plumes of oil lurk beneath the surface of the Gulf of Mexico, unmeasured and uncharted.
"BP, the company in charge of the rig that exploded last month in the Gulf of Mexico, hasn't publicly divulged the results of tests on the extent of workers' exposure to evaporating oil or from the burning of crude over the gulf, even though researchers say that data is crucial in determining whether the conditions are safe.
So if the government agencies don't have the "resources or expertise" to deal with the consequences of offshore drilling, why do they permit it to take place and just trust that the oil companies will be to "deal with an incident of such magnitude?" Sounds to me like expecting the arsonist to help put out the fire.
And finally, a grim milestone in Afghanistan.
This following General McChrystal's assessment that "nobody is winning" in Afghanistan and Secretary of State Clinton's pledge to Hamid Karzai of "a long-term U.S. commitment" there.


text:
Justia Patents Metal, Metal Oxide Or Metal HydroxideUS Patent for Mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex and method of preparing the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex Patent (Patent # 8,633,131)
Mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex and method of preparing the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex
Oct 29, 2010 - Samsung Electronics
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex including: a mesoporous metal oxide; and a catalyst metal supported on the mesoporous metal oxide, wherein the catalyst on the mesoporous metal oxide has a degree of dispersion of about 30 to about 90 percent.
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This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2009-0104427, filed on Oct. 30, 2009, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, the content of which in its entirety is herein incorporated by reference.
1. Field
The present disclosure relates to a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex and methods of preparing the same.
In general, mesoporous metal oxides have larger pores and a greater surface area than microporous metal oxides, and thus it is expected that they will be applicable to various fields such as catalysts, absorbents, sensors, and storage media. For example, with respect to catalysts, when a mesoporous metal oxide with a large surface area and large pores is used in a chemical reaction, mass transport limitations between reactants and products, which occur when a microporous metal oxide is used, are decreased, and thus the reaction efficiency may increase.
A mesoporous metal oxide, such as a single oxide or an oxide complex including a transition metal oxide, such as NiO, may be used directly as an oxidation catalyst. In addition, a mesoporous metal oxide is widely used in a form of a metal catalyst carrier. Such catalysts have been widely used in energy and environmental applications, such as hydrotreating, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, petroleum reforming, chemical processing in fuel cells, and for CO2 conversion.
Heterogeneous catalysts, in which a metal catalyst is supported in a metal oxide, may be generally prepared by deposition precipitation, coprecipitation, wet impregnation, sputtering, gas-phase grafting, liquid-phase grafting, or incipient-wetness impregnation. However, these methods are performed in multi-step processes by preparing a metal oxide carrier, dispersing a catalyst metal precursor on a surface of the metal oxide carrier, and then heat treating and reducing the resulting product. In addition, the particles of the metal catalyst should have a diameter on a nanometer scale, and, to increase the dispersion of the metal catalyst, additional processes, such as surface treatment and selection of acid-base properties of a carrier, are currently utilized. Therefore there remains a need for an improved catalyst material, and improved methods of preparation thereof.
Provided is a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex with a large surface area, a large pore size, and including a catalyst metal uniformly distributed therein.
Provided is a method of preparing the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
Additional aspects, features and advantages will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description.
According to an aspect, a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex includes a mesoporous metal oxide; and a catalyst metal supported on the mesoporous metal oxide, wherein the catalyst metal on the mesoporous metal oxide has a degree of dispersion of about 30 to about 90 percent.
The catalyst metal may include a transition metal.
The catalyst metal may include at least one of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), or iridium (Ir).
The catalyst metal may be Ni.
The mesoporous metal oxide may include at least one oxide of a metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth.
The mesoporous metal oxide may include at least one oxide of at least one of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), or phosphorus (P).
The mesoporous metal oxide may include at least one of ZrO2, SiO2—Al2O3, SiO2—ZrO2, Al2O3—ZrO2, and CeO—ZrO2.
The metal oxide may be crystalline.
An amount of the catalyst metal may be about 0.1 to about 40 mass percent, based on a total amount of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
The mesoporous metal oxide may have an average mesopore diameter of about 1 to about 50 nanometers (nm).
The mesoporous metal oxide may have an average mesopore diameter of about 4 to about 15 nm.
The mesoporous metal oxide may have a surface area of about 20 square meters per gram (m2/g) or greater.
According to another aspect, a method of preparing a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex includes: contacting a catalyst metal precursor, a metal oxide precursor, and a solvent to obtain a mixture; forming from the mixture a mesoporous structure in which a catalyst metal is included in a lattice structure of a metal oxide, calcining the mesoporous structure to obtain a mesoporous metal oxide complex; and selectively reducing a catalyst metal oxide of the mesoporous metal oxide complex to prepare the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
The solvent may be include an alcohol and aqueous acid.
The catalyst metal precursor may include an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or an acetate of a transition metal.
The catalyst metal precursor may include an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or an acetate of at least one metal of Ni, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Pt, Pd, Ru, or Ir.
The catalyst metal precursor may be a Ni nitrate.
The metal oxide precursor may be an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or an acetate of at least one metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth.
The metal oxide precursor may be an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or an acetate of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Mo, V, Ta, Nb, or P.
The calcining may be performed at a temperature of about 300 to about 1,000° C. in air for about 0.1 to about 30 hours.
The reducing may be performed at a temperature of about 300 to about 1,000° C. in a gas including hydrogen for about 0.01 to about 10 hours.
Also disclosed is method of preparing a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex. The method includes: contacting a catalyst precursor, a mesoporous oxide precursor, and a solvent; removing the solvent by evaporation to provide a mixture; calcining the mixture to provide a mesoporous metal oxide complex; and selectively reducing a catalyst metal of the mesoporous metal oxide complex to prepare the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method of preparing a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex;
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscopic ("TEM") image of a mesoporous oxide complex after calcination prepared in Example 1;
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex after reduction prepared in Example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of intensity (arbitrary units) versus scattering angle (degrees two theta, 2θ) showing X-ray diffraction ("XRD") results of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex prepared in Example 1;
FIG. 5A is a graph of nitrogen adsorption (cubic centimeters per gram at standard temperature and pressure, cm3/g, STP) versus relative pressure showing N2 adsorption results of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex prepared in Example 1;
FIG. 5B is a graph of pore volume (cubic centimeters per gram, cm3/g) versus pore size (nanometers, m) showing N2 adsorption results of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex prepared in Example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of thermal conductivity (arbitrary units) versus temperature (degrees Kelvin) showing the pattern of temperature-programmed reduction of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complexes prepared in Examples 1 through 6; and
FIGS. 7 through 12 are graphs of intensity (arbitrary units) versus scattering angle (degrees two theta, 2θ) showing XRD results of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complexes prepared in Examples 4, 5, 1, 2, 6, and 3, respectively.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to further explain aspects, features, and advantages of the present description.
As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," "third" etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, "a first element," "component," "region," "layer," or "section" discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings herein.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," or "includes" and/or "including" when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Spatially relative terms, such as "beneath," "below," "lower," "above," "upper" and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex will be disclosed in further detail.
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex may include a mesoporous metal oxide 1; and a catalyst metal 2 supported on the mesoporous metal oxide, wherein a degree of dispersion of the catalyst metal on the mesoporous metal oxide is about 30 to about 90 percent. Herein, degree of dispersion refers to dispersion as determined from hydrogen chemisorption.
Unlike a commercially available catalyst complex, which may be prepared by preparing a carrier and then supporting a catalyst metal on the carrier, for the disclosed mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, when a metal oxide carrier (e.g., a mesoporous structure) is prepared, a catalyst metal component is included as a substituent in a lattice structure of the metal oxide carrier, and then the catalyst metal component may be selectively reduced, thereby forming a mesoporous metal oxide-catalyst complex. In addition, the catalyst metal may be uniformly distributed in (e.g., on) the metal oxide carrier in the form of a particle, and the particle may be, for example, a nanoparticle.
The catalyst metal of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex may be a transition metal, for example, at least one metal of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), or iridium (Ir). In an embodiment, the metal is Ni. In an embodiment of the preparation of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, a catalyst metal may be included in the lattice structure of the metal oxide and selectively substituted in the lattice structure in the form of an ion of the catalyst metal.
Because the catalyst metal has a uniform degree of dispersion in the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, the degree of dispersion of the catalyst metal is increased. The degree of dispersion of the catalyst metal may be about 30 to about 90, specifically about 40 to about 80, more specifically about 50 to about 70 percent. Because the catalyst metal is distributed in such a uniform range, the amount of the catalyst metal supported on the metal oxide may be increased. The catalyst metal may be supported on the metal oxide in an amount of about 0.1 to about 40 mass percent (mass %), specifically about 5 to about 20 mass %, more specifically about 10 mass %, based on the total amount of the mesoporous complex catalyst.
A carrier on which the catalyst is supported may be a mesoporous metal oxide, and the carrier may comprise at least one oxide of a metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, wherein "Group" refers to a Group of the Periodic Table of the Elements in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ("IUPAC") Group 1-18 group classification system. For example, the mesoporous metal oxide may comprise at least one oxide of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), or phosphorus (P). In an embodiment, the mesoporous metal oxide may be a single metal oxide, such as ZrO2, or may comprise at least one metal oxide complex of SiO2—Al2O3, SiO2—ZrO2, Al2O3—ZrO2, or CeO—ZrO2.
The mesoporous metal oxide may have a crystalline or a non-crystalline structure, and the structure of the mesoporous metal oxide may be determined by analyzing the structure of the resulting product.
Because the mesoporous metal oxide has a mesopore, the mesoporous metal oxide may have a larger surface area and larger pore area than a material without a mesopore. For example, the mesoporous metal oxide may have an average (e.g., average largest) mesopore diameter (e.g., pore diameter) of about 1 to about 50 nanometers (nm), specifically about 4 to about 15 nm, more specifically about 8 to about 10 nm. In addition, the mesoporous metal oxide may have a surface area of about 20 square meters per gram (m2/g) or greater, specifically about 40 to about 900 m2/g, more specifically about 80 to about 800 m2/g.
A method of preparing the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, in which the catalyst metal is dispersed to provide a high degree of dispersion in the mesoporous metal oxide will now be disclosed in further detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method of preparing a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex. Referring to FIG. 1, first, a metal oxide precursor and a catalyst metal precursor are contacted in (e.g., added to) a solvent to prepare a mixture. From the mixture is formed a mesoporous structure in which a catalyst metal is included in the lattice of the metal oxide. The mesoporous structure is calcined to obtain a mesoporous metal oxide complex, and then the catalyst metal is selectively reduced to provide the catalyst metal on the mesoporous metal oxide. As a result, the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex is prepared in which the catalyst particles are no longer within the lattice structure, but rather are uniformly distributed on the mesoporous metal oxide. It is to be understood that "on" in this context is not limited to the surface of the bulk material, but includes within the bulk material as well.
The solvent used to mix the precursors may be an alcohol solvent, such as methanol or ethanol, or may be a mixture of an alcohol solvent and an acid, such as an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or an aqueous solution of acetic acid. The amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, and may be about 0.1 to about 40 parts by weight, specifically about 1 to about 30 parts by weight, more specifically about 10 to about 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the catalyst metal precursor and the metal oxide precursor.
The mixture prepared by contacting the metal oxide precursor and the catalyst metal precursor in the solvent may further include a structural derivative. The structural derivative may provide the metal oxide carrier with a molecular backbone (e.g., support) when the metal oxide carrier is prepared, and may be a neutral surfactant. Examples of the neutral surfactant may include PLURONIC F108, or PLURONIC F127, which is a triblock copolymer of polyethyleneoxide/polypropyleneoxide/polyethyleneoxide ("PEO/PPO/PEO").
The catalyst metal precursor may be an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or an acetate of a transition metal. However, the catalyst metal precursor is not particularly limited, and may be any catalyst metal precursor capable of forming a metal oxide by calcination. The transition metal used to form the catalyst metal precursor may be at least one metal of Ni, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Pt, Pd, Ru, or Ir. In an embodiment, the transition metal is Ni. The amount of the catalyst metal precursor may be about 0.1 to about 40 parts by weight, specifically about 1 to about 30 parts by weight, more specifically about 10 to about 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solvent.
The metal oxide precursor may be an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate or an acetate of at least one metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth. For example, the metal oxide precursor may be an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate, or an acetate of an element of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Mo, V, Ta, Nb, or P, but is not limited thereto.
When a single metal oxide precursor is used, a single metal oxide carrier may be formed, and when at least two kinds (e.g., types) of metal oxide precursors are used, a metal oxide carrier complex may be formed. The single metal oxide carrier may comprise ZrO2, and the metal oxide carrier complex may comprise at least one of SiO2—Al2O3, SiO2—ZrO2, Al2O3—ZrO2, or CeO—ZrO2.
The amount of the metal oxide carrier may be about 0.1 to about 40 parts by weight, specifically about 1 to about 30 parts by weight, more specifically about 10 to about 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solvent, but is not limited thereto.
The mixture, which includes the solvent, the catalyst metal precursor, and the metal oxide precursor, and further optionally may include the acid or structural derivative, if desired, may be stirred at room temperature for about 0.1 to about 10 hours, specifically about 1 to about 5 hours, so that each of the components may be uniformly dispersed therein.
The obtained mixture may be maintained at room temperature at ambient pressure for about 1 to about 50 hours, specifically about 1 to about 5 hours, in an open state, and thus a volatile solvent component included in the mixture may be removed by evaporation, for example. The maintaining time is not particularly limited, and may be any time sufficient to effectively or sufficiently remove the volatile solvent component.
If desired, an aging process may be further performed on the resulting product obtained after the volatile solvent components are removed. The aging process may enhance cohesion between atoms constituting the resulting structure, and may be performed at a temperature of about 30 to about 100° C., specifically about 40 to about 90° C., more specifically about 50 to about 80° C. for about 6 to about 48 hours, specifically about 8 to about 40 hours, more specifically about 10 to about 30 hours.
Subsequently, the resulting product after the aging process may be calcined so that each precursor is in the form of an oxide. The calcination process may be performed at a temperature of about 300 to about 1,000° C., specifically about 400 to about 900° C., more specifically about 400 to 600° C. at about atmospheric pressure for about 0.1 to about 30 hours, specifically about 1 to about 10 hours, more specifically about 5 hours.
Each precursor may be converted into a metal oxide by the calcination process. In the calcination process, the mesoporous metal oxide carrier is formed, and the catalyst metal oxide (e.g., the catalyst metal) is included as a substituent in the lattice structure of the mesoporous metal oxide carrier so that the catalyst metal oxide is uniformly disposed therein.
Subsequently, the catalyst metal oxide is selectively reduced. Thus the metal oxide maintains the mesoporous structure, and the structure of the mesoporous metal oxide does not substantially collapse. The reduction process may be performed at a temperature of about 300 to about 1,000° C., specifically about 400 to about 900° C., more specifically about 400 to about 600° C., in a hydrogen atmosphere for about 0.01 to about 10 hours, specifically about 0.1 to about 5 hours, more specifically about 3 hours.
In an embodiment, the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex may be provided by a process including only calcining and reducing the catalyst metal precursor and the metal oxide precursor, and thus the manufacturing cost may be low. Also, the particle diameter of the catalyst metal included in the metal oxide carrier may also be selected by selection of a reaction condition. In addition, the catalyst metal precursor and the metal oxide precursor may be desirably reacted simultaneously to form a mesoporous carrier, and the mesoporous carrier may then be reduced to disperse the catalyst metal in the carrier, and thus the mesoporous structure may be maintained and a higher degree of dispersion of the catalyst metal may be obtained. Therefore, the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, which provides a high degree of dispersion and large pore area, may be prepared at low manufacturing cost and with high efficiency.
The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex prepared above may be used in various chemical reactions, for example in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrotreatment, a fuel cell (e.g., hydrocarbon reforming), or CO2 conversion, for example.
In a fuel cell, when a higher hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon is used as a fuel, a reforming reaction using a catalyst may be employed. During the reforming reaction, carbon deposition occurs. When the carbon deposition occurs at an excessive level, the formed carbon is deposited in a reactor and may undesirably cause an increase in pressure. As a result, continuous reforming may be difficult. When the disclosed mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex is used as a catalyst for hydrocarbon reforming, carbon deposition may be effectively eliminated or substantially prevented. While not wanting to be bound by theory, the effective elimination of carbon deposition is believed to be due to the high degree of dispersion of the catalyst metal and large pore area. Accordingly, the reforming reaction may be performed continually.
The catalyst for the reforming of hydrocarbons including the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex may be used in a fuel processing device for a fuel cell. The fuel processing device may include a reforming device including the catalyst for hydrocarbon reforming. The catalyst for hydrocarbon reforming may be disposed in a stationary-phase tubular reactor or disposed in a mixed flow reactor, but is not limited thereto.
An embodiment will now be disclosed in further detail with reference to the following examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 Preparation of the Mesoporous Oxide-Catalyst Complex 1 Ni/3SiO2-3Al2O3
A 4.6 gram (g) quantity of a triblock copolymer (Product Name: PLURONIC F127; EO-PO-EO, MW=12,000), 1.97 milliliters (mL) (36 wt %) of HCl, and 2.4 g of acetic acid were added to 300 mL of ethanol at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred to obtain a uniform, mixed solution. Then 5 millimoles (mmol) of a Ni(NO3)2-6H2O precursor was added to the mixed solution to obtain a uniform, mixed solution. Then 17.5 mmol of the silica precursor tetraethyl orthosilicate ("TEOS") and 17.5 mmol of the aluminum precursor aluminum tri-sec-butoxide was added to the resulting mixture and the mixture stirred at a rapid speed for 2 hours.
The resulting mixture was put in a Petri dish, and the ethanol was evaporated at room temperature at atmospheric pressure for 24 hours. Then, an aging process was performed on the resulting product at 65° C. in an air atmosphere for 12 hours. The aged product was then calcined at 500° C. in an air atmosphere for 4 hours, and heated at 500° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere for 2 hours to selectively reduce NiO in the calcined product to Ni. As a result, a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of the formula 1 Ni/3SiO2-3Al2O3 was prepared. The obtained metals had a molar ratio of Ni:Si:Al of 1:3:3.
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscopic ("TEM") image showing that a Ni catalyst metal prepared by calcination of an oxide and a silica-alumina carrier forms a uniform mesoporous oxide complex of the formula NiO—SiO2—Al2O3.
FIG. 3 is a TEM image showing that when the oxide complex NiO—SiO2—Al2O3, which is prepared by calcination, is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere, a Ni metal particle is formed on the surface of a SiO2—Al2O3 carrier pore. In FIG. 3, the Ni metal particle is indicated by a black dot, and the cohesion thereof represents the SiO2—Al2O3 carrier pore.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing X-ray diffraction ("XRD') results of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex. Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the NiO of the NiO—SiO2—Al2O3 obtained by calcination was reduced to form a Ni metal particle.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs respectively showing N2 adsorption results and pore size/volume of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex prepared in Example 1. Referring to the FIGS. 5A and 5B, it can be seen that even after the reduction of NiO, the mesoporous oxide structure does not collapse and the mesoporous structure is suitably maintained.
Example 2 Preparation of the Mesoporous Oxide-Catalyst Complex 1 Ni/2SiO2-2ZrO2
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of the formula 1 Ni/2SiO2-2ZrO2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 6.5 mmol of Ni(NO3)2-6H2O was used as a catalyst metal precursor, 12.5 mmol of TEOS was used as a metal oxide precursor, and 12.5 mmol of zirconium butoxide was used as a metal oxide precursor instead of 17.5 mmol of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide. The obtained metals had a molar ratio of Ni:Si:Zr of 1:2:2.
Example 3 Preparation of the Mesoporous Oxide-Catalyst Complex 1 Ni/2.5CeO-2.5ZrO2
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of the formula 1 Ni/2.5CeO-2.5ZrO2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 12.5 mmol of Ce(NO3)2 and 12.5 mmol of zirconium butoxide were used instead of 17.5 mmol of TEOS and 17.5 mmol of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide as a metal oxide precursor. The obtained metals had a molar ratio of Ni:Ce:Zr of 1:2.5:2.5.
Example 4 Preparation of the Mesoporous Oxide-Catalyst Complex 1 Ni/5Al2O3
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of the formula 1 Ni/5Al2O3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 25 mmol of tri-sec butoxide was used instead of 17.5 mmol of TEOS and 17.5 mmol of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide as a metal oxide precursor. The obtained metals had a molar ratio of Ni:Al of 1:5.
Example 5 Preparation of the Mesoporous Oxide-Catalyst Complex 1 Ni/5ZrO2
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of the formula 1 Ni/5ZrO2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 25 mmol of zirconium butoxide was used instead of 17.5 mmol of TEOS and 17.5 mmol of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide as a metal oxide precursor. The obtained metals had a molar ratio of Ni:Zr of 1:5.
Example 6 Preparation of the Mesoporous Oxide-Catalyst Complex 1 Ni/2Al2O3-2ZrO2
A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of the formula 1 Ni/2Al2O3-2ZrO2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 12.5 mmol of zirconium butoxide and 12.5 mmol of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide were used instead of 17.5 mmol of TEOS and 17.5 mmol of aluminum tri-sec-butoxide as a metal oxide precursor. The obtained metals had a molar ratio of Ni:Al:Zr of 1:2:2.
Experimental Example 1
A temperature-programmed reduction process was performed on the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complexes prepared in Examples 1 through 6, and the results are shown in FIG. 6. Referring to the patterns illustrated in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the nickel oxide (NiO) in each mesoporous metal oxide complex is reduced to Ni metal at a temperature of less than about 800 K.
The surface area, pore volume, and pore size of the mesoporous oxide complex including NiO obtained by calcination and the mesoporous oxide supported-Ni catalyst complex obtained by selectively reducing NiO in the mesoporous oxide complex of each of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complexes of Examples 1 through 6 were measured using a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller ("BET") method, a Barret-Joyner-Halenda ("BJH") method, and a Single Point N2 adsorption method, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Mesoporous metal oxide Mesoporous metal oxide (after calcination) (after reduction)
BET Total BET Total surface Average pore surface Average pore area pore size volume area pore size volume (m2/g) (nm) (cm3/g) (m2/g) (nm) (cm3/g)
Example 1 457 5.0 0.75 251 5.6 0.53 Example 2 152 5.6 0.28 143 5.2 0.26 Example 3 41 3.9 0.08 23 3.7 0.04 Example 4 133 11.9 0.62 150 11.3 0.66 Example 5 81 6.3 0.19 72 6.6 0.17 Example 6 55 10.1 0.21 78 8.7 0.23
As shown in Table 1, the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of Example 1 has a mesopore and a large surface area after calcination, and maintains the mesoporous structure and large surface area even after reduction.
FIGS. 7 through 12 are graphs showing XRD results of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complexes of Examples 4, 5, 1, 2, 6, and 3, respectively. From the XRD results, it can be seen that the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complexes of Examples 3 through 5 respectively, form a crystalline mesoporous oxide. Thus, a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, wherein a catalyst metal is supported in the crystalline mesoporous oxide, may be prepared.
As described above, according to an embodiment, a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex in which an active catalyst metal is uniformly dispersed in a mesoporous metal oxide carrier in a large amount may be economically prepared. Thus, when the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex is used to catalyze a chemical reaction, it may be prepared at low cost and with high efficiency.
It should be understood that the embodiment disclosed herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features, advantages, or aspects of each embodiment should be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.
1. A mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex comprising:
a mesoporous metal oxide; and
a catalyst metal supported on the mesoporous metal oxide,
wherein the catalyst on the mesoporous metal oxide has a degree of dispersion of about 30 to about 90 percent.
2. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the catalyst metal comprises a transition metal.
3. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the catalyst metal comprises at least one of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, or iridium.
4. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the catalyst metal comprises Ni.
5. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide comprises at least one oxide of a metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth.
6. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide comprises at least one oxide of at least one of silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, or phosphorus.
7. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide comprises at least one of ZrO2, SiO2—Al2O3, SiO2—ZrO2, Al2O3—ZrO2, or CeO—ZrO2.
8. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide is crystalline.
9. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the catalyst metal is contained in an amount of about 0.1 to about 40 mass percent, based on a total amount of the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
10. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide has an average mesopore diameter of about 1 to about 50 nanometers.
12. The mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex of claim 1, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide has a surface area of about 20 square meters per gram or greater.
13. A method of preparing a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex, the method comprising:
contacting a catalyst metal precursor, a metal oxide precursor, and a solvent to obtain a mixture;
forming from the mixture a mesoporous structure in which a catalyst metal is included in a lattice structure of a metal oxide derived from the metal oxide precursor;
calcining the mesoporous structure to obtain a mesoporous metal oxide complex comprising a catalyst metal oxide derived from the catalyst metal precursor; and
selectively reducing the catalyst metal oxides of the mesoporous metal oxide complex to prepare the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the solvent comprises an alcohol and an aqueous acid.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the catalyst metal precursor comprises an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate or an acetate of a transition metal.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the catalyst metal precursor comprises a metal ion, and the metal ion is substituted in the lattice structure of the metal oxide.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the metal oxide precursor comprises an alkoxide, a halide, a nitrate, a hydrochloride, a sulfate or an acetate of at least one metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth.
18. The method of claim 13, wherein the calcining is performed at a temperature of about 300 to about 1,000° C. in air for about 0.1 to about 30 hours.
19. The method of claim 13, wherein the reducing is performed at a temperature of about 300 to about 1,000° C. in a gas comprising hydrogen for about 0.01 to about 10 hours.
20. A fuel processing device for a fuel cell, the device comprising a reactor and a hydrocarbon reforming catalyst disposed in the reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst comprises the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex according to claim 1.
21. A method of preparing a mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex comprising:
contacting a catalyst precursor, a mesoporous metal oxide precursor, and a solvent;
removing the solvent by evaporation to provide a mixture;
calcining the mixture to convert the catalyst precursor to a catalyst metal oxide and to convert the mesoporous metal oxide precursor to a mesoporous metal oxide thereby providing a mesoporous metal oxide complex comprising the catalyst metal oxide and the mesoporous metal oxide; and
selectively reducing the catalyst metal oxide of the mesoporous metal oxide complex to prepare the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the catalyst precursor comprises at least one of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, or iridium.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide precursor comprises at least one oxide of a metal of a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein mesoporous metal oxide complex comprises at least one of ZrO2, SiO2—Al2O3, SiO2—ZrO2, Al2O3—ZrO2, or CeO—ZrO2.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the mesoporous metal oxide complex comprises a complex comprising NiO and SiO2, and the mesoporous oxide-catalyst complex comprises Ni and a complex comprising SiO2.
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Filed: Oct 29, 2010
Date of Patent: Jan 21, 2014
Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Inventors: Doo-hwan Lee (Suwon-si), Hyun-chul Lee (Hwaseong-si), Sang-min Ji (Suwon-si), Kyo-sung Park (Seongnam-si), Seung-jae Lee (Suwon-si), Seon-ah Jin (Pocheon-si)
Primary Examiner: Patricia L Hailey
Current U.S. Class: Metal, Metal Oxide Or Metal Hydroxide (502/300); And Group Iv Metal Containing (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn Or Pb) (502/308); Titanium Containing (502/309); Tin Containing (502/310); And Group V Metal Containing (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb Or Bi) (502/311); Vanadium Containing (502/312); And Group Viii Metal Containing (i.e., Iron Or Platinum Group) (502/313); Iron Group Metal And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Fe, Co Or Ni And Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/314); Nickel Containing (502/315); Iron Containing (502/316); And Group I Containing (i.e., Alkali, Ag, Au Or Cu) (502/317); Copper Containing (502/318); Of Chromium (502/319); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/320); Of Molybdenum (502/321); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/322); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/323); Of Group Viii (i.e., Iron Or Platinum Group) (502/325); Of Platinum Group Metal And Of Iron Group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Or Pt And Fe, Co Or Ni) (502/326); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/327); And Group Ii Metal Containing (i.e., Alkaline Earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd Or Hg) (502/328); Zinc Containing (502/329); And Group I Metal Containing (i.e., Alkali, Ag, Au Or Cu) (502/330); Copper Containing (502/331); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/332); Of Palladium (502/333); Of Platinum (502/334); Of Nickel (502/335); Of Iron (502/336); Of Nickel (502/337); Of Iron (502/338); Of Palladium Or Platinum (502/339); Of Group I (i.e., Alkali, Ag, Au Or Cu) (502/344); Of Copper (502/345); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/346); Of Group Iv (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn Or Pb) (502/349); Of Titanium (502/350); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/351); Of Tin (502/352); Of Group V (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb Or Bi) (502/353); And Group Iii Metal Containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or T1) (502/354); Of Group Iii (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In Or Tl) (502/355); Fuel Cell, Subcombination Thereof, Or Method Of Making Or Operating (429/400); Reforming Process (429/423); Hydrocarbon Feedstock (429/425)
International Classification: B01J 23/00 (20060101); B01J 23/40 (20060101); B01J 23/42 (20060101); B01J 23/58 (20060101); B01J 23/60 (20060101); B01J 23/72 (20060101); B01J 23/56 (20060101); B01J 23/44 (20060101); B01J 23/70 (20060101); B01J 23/74 (20060101); B01J 23/02 (20060101); B01J 23/20 (20060101); B01J 23/08 (20060101); H01M 8/00 (20060101); H01M 8/06 (20060101);


Which is considered the city of Madaba mosaic. The city has a long history as it has been mentioned in the Bible days off or about the year 1200 BC. AD. The tomb was found dating back to this era the east of the city.


There is footage of the real band, Queen, performing the song "Don't Stop Me Now".
Was seeing Bohemian Rhapsody in IMAX worth the cost?
Based on the international best-selling autobiographic books "Papillon" and "Banco", the film follows the epic story of Henri "Papillon" Charrière (Charlie Hunnam), a safecracker from the Parisian underworld who is framed for murder and condemned to life in the notorious penal colony on Devil's Island. Determined to regain his freedom, Papillon forms an unlikely alliance with a convicted counterfeiter Louis Dega (Rami Malek), who in exchange for protection, agrees to finance Papillon's escape.
In this bold thriller peppered with dark humor and interlocking mystery, an eccentric mountain man is on the run from the authorities, surviving the winter by breaking into empty vacation homes in a remote community. Regularly calling into radio talk shows — where he has acquired the nickname "Buster" — to rant about the impending Inversion at the turn of the millennium, he is haunted by visions of being lost at sea, and memories of his former life as a family man.


Gina has inspired me to make smoothies! This is one that I tried today, and it really came out good.
Note: this made enough for Rachel and I to each have a glass.
Gina has also added pineapple to hers, and that is good too (I just didn't add that this time).


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Boy Saves Sister From Dog Attack in True Superhero Style
Ben Kuhns
A Wyoming boy showed true courage in the face of real danger when he saved his little sister from a dog attack, getting mauled in the process.
Newsweek is reporting that according to an Instagram post by the boy's aunt, Nikki Walker, 6-year-old Bridger got between the charging dog and his sister to protect her. The dog then bit Bridger on his face. Despite the bites, Bridger was able to take his sister's hand and lead her to safety.
[WARNING: An image below may be disturbing for some readers.]
After getting bit several times on the face and head, he grabbed his sister's hand and ran with her to keep her safe. -Nikki Walker
According to Walker's Instagram post, he later said, "If someone was going to die, I thought it should be me." The wound ended up requiring about 90 stitches.
The incident happened on July 9. A few days later, when Walker posted the story online, Bridger's story of bravery quickly took over the internet. The original post has gained nearly half a million likes and thousands of comments.
Walker reports that Bridger is home recovering and Walker says there is no ill will towards the dog's owners. "I'd also like to mention here that the dog's owners are really great people who have been nothing but kind to Bridger and his family," Walker wrote.
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The Best Thing About a New Kitchen: Cooking with Your Peeps
We're still all gaga over our circa 2022 new kitchen, the Glover Gardens Kitchen 2.0 as it's known here in the blog.
I mean that. G-A-G-A gaga.
It's really fun when someone who was a regular in the pink galley kitchen sees the new one for the first time and they go all gaga, too. My bonus niece Carmen was this weekend's first-timer, and she warmed my heart when she said, after the requisite "check out all the bells and whistles" tour, "this is my dream". 😊
Carmen was here for a long weekend with my sister-in-love and my niece, pictured together here from a birthday celebration back in April. Carmen was the birthday girl, wearing the tiara. They are all royalty, to me.
These women are family and besties, and we have bedrock relationships. The Grill-Meister was surrounded by femmes at Glover Gardens this weekend and didn't seem to mind at all.
Back to Carmen and the kitchen. This Gen-Z college senior is a serious cook. She wowed us with a key lime pie last summer.
Carmen making key lime pie magic in the old pink-tiled galley kitchen
This time, Carmen arrived with desire to cook in the new kitchen and a menu in mind. "Do we have the meals all planned out, or can I make fettuccine alfredo one night," she asked.
Hmmm, let us think about that. For about half a second…
Yes, yes, a-thousand-calories-and-worth-it yes! Let's do it!
Carmen's fettuccine alfredo was ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS, but it wasn't the classic dish. She added mushrooms and loads and loads of lovely lemon: juice and zest from 3 large lemons.
It was basically a marriage of fettuccine alfredo and shrimp scampi: the cream, parmesan and fettuccine from the alfredo dish, and the lemony, garlic-laden scampi in olive oil all put together in a beautiful presentation that had the bonus of blue oyster mushrooms she found in our trek to the Tomball Farmers Market. Lone Star Mushrooms, your product was a hit with us! The mushrooms added a different texture and an umami density that truly complemented the rich and lemony cream sauce and shrimp.
Blue oyster mushrooms photo from Lone Star Mushrooms – sign me up for the Blue Oyster Mushroom Cult!
It was an exquisite meal. And of course, conversation, conviviality, connections and witty banter accompanied the food and wine.
I was too busy being a sous chef (making the garlic bread and peeling, then baking the shrimp) to take pictures during the cooking process or capture the recipe, but it is DEFINITELY a keeper. I'll pester Carmen to write it down next time, and then, my friends, it will be yours. And, it could easily be a vegetarian dish by simply leaving out the shrimp. Or, you could go the other way and add bacon. 😊
So Carmen, you can cook in my kitchen ANY time. I will happily be your sous chef.
© 2022, Glover Gardens
Author: Kim of Glover Gardens
Filed Under: Entertaining, Foodie, Kitchen Remodel, Pasta, Simple Pleasures
Tags: Blue Oyster Mushrooms, Fettuccine Alfredo, Lone Star Mushrooms, Shrimp Scampi
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2 thoughts on "The Best Thing About a New Kitchen: Cooking with Your Peeps"
That's the best kind of guest to have!
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