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Value Of Old Paper Money And Coins
Bank notes are of 250. Our guide shows you how to identify and value our bank note. Coin collecting is a fun hobby, but collectors naturally want to know the value of their coins. The Official Red Book is online, offering its valuable info in an easy to browse site. This site features an exhibit of more than 250 coins of colonial and early America from wampum and Massachusetts silver to the provisional half disme of 1792. (Total: 18 notes) - Available at Internet Currency Auction #32012. Usually, even a difference in 1 grade makes coins 2-3 times more expensive. Advice is available to US citizens (I assume you are enquiring from the USA) on the Embassy of France website in the US: " Any customer with old French banknotes may: - send his French banknotes before 17/02/2012 for current series of banknotes by registered mail to : Banque de. The following chart may help to explain it. While they contained precious metals, the value of a coin was higher than its precious metal content, so they were not bullion. Christopher's Rare Coins deals in all types of U. The value of these coins will change depending on the market and are typically bought and sold in bulk based on their silver value. IndiaMART would like to help you find the best suppliers for your requirement. Coins and Jewelry was featured as local numismatic expert on KTRK-ABC. We offer everything from Silver American Eagles, Gold American Eagles, to Morgan silver dollars and more. For your information, this is an old Malaysia coin price. CanadaCurrency. Ten Dollar bill. First, find the coin's denomination, then note the date and mint mark. Get all five 1 oz. Your source of coin and paper money collectibles. If a coin is too damaged to have value as a collectible, its metal content (the amount of gold or silver in the coin) may have a. This could hurt their value in the future by scratching the surface or removing the outer coating from the mint. David became a full time coin dealer in the early 80's, and has been a regular on the national and international coin show circuit ever since. Live coin values for United States coins. Surinam 500 Gulden (P39) 2. More images of many more beautiful world bank notes will be constantly added to: World Bank Note & Paper Money Gallery. IndiaMART would like to help you find the best suppliers for your requirement. Using up-to-date technology to improve quality of notes, the design also has a variety of features to prevent counterfeit and imitation. Australian Coins. 100 baisa, ¼ and ½ Rial coins in base metal were introduced for circulation in late 1970s and early 1980s. The paper money collecting hobby has been very well established for decades and there are many thousands of collectors worldwide. The value of the Indochinese currency unit was fixed at 0. For coins prior to 1815 only the next three grades are quoted for, while those from 1815 also include the Unc grade Fine (F): Worn over whole area, but only the highest spots are worn completely through. The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist dealer and valuer of Irish & GB coins, tokens and banknotes An educational and entertaining website where collectors, both young and not so young, can read about the economics, history and politics behind Irish coin and banknote issues. We (the UKBT family) still have a self framed coin collection of the old money (thruppence, sixpence, shilling, two shillings, half a crown, some with King George VI as "heads"). They hearken back to a day when bank notes were redeemable for their value in silver coins at any Federal Reserve Bank. The bill I have is dated 1893, which I think is the date the bank was established. Coin prices may or may not be currently accurate but are intended to show relative value. Malaya $10 (24 or 7) A friend of mine has these and wants to sell them for a reasonable price. With two locations throughout the Capital Region and North Country, Olde Saratoga Coin is one of Albany and Upstate New York's premier cash buyers and sellers of gold, silver, coins, bullion, paper money, and sterling flatware. Old people still reminisce about the days when one trinh -one thousandth of a dong -bought breakfast; and two xu -one hundredth of a dong -was enough for a bowl of noodles. Its size being inconvenient and the ten cash value only nominal, the coin became unpopular with the people. Some have value because they are old or scarce and are in remarkable condition. The highlights of the silver certificate series are the 1933 $10 and some star varities from the 1928 C,D,E series, along with the 1953B $5 star. Once you ascertain a grade for each coin, find a value chart. We buy and sell collector coins, banknotes, precious metals and estate jewellery through our metro Toronto offices and retail gallery, and online through our website featuring about 25,000 different collector coin. These historical and collectible Large Size Federal Reserve Notes are among the series of notes first issued in 1914 until 1928. com is the leading guide used by collectors and dealers to value and price old and rare Canadian paper money. A currency's value is based on confidence. In the case of countries or regimes that obviously no longer exist, is it safe to say the currency has no legal tender value?. Mint legal tender coins presently in production for annual sets. Make sure you do meet-ups or use the CarouPay feature if it's a high value item. The types of gold coin collections that can be built is almost endless. The coins were in use in Algeria at the time of Allied invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in November 1942. In these days of decimalisation of currency, it is difficult to understand the currency used in Britain before that country 'went decimal' in 1971. As in other markets, coin prices can be extremely volatile and will rise and fall depending upon market conditions. Exchange Rates and Casualties During the First World War A paper by George J. Mutilated currency is a note that has been damaged to the extent that one-half or less of the note remains, or its value is questionable and special examination by trained experts at the Department of the Treasury or the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) (Off-site) is required before any exchange is made. These $10. Our wide selection of numismatic items include gold, silver, and platinum coins, program coins, annual coin sets, proof sets, commemorative coins, and uncirculated coins. The first coins date back to ancient Egypt in 650 B. Coins and money are a manner of currency used mostly by merchants, owners of establishments, and noble classes, while smallfolk might use either coins or barter. Token coins have never traditionally reached the equivalent value of official currency coins because of several factors including: the relative scarcity of tokens to larger circulation coins make it not commercially viable for coin dealers to stock, promote or sell them. Why not get cash for your old coins and vintage paper money sitting around your house? We pay top dollar for rare U. Singapore Old Currency Note & Coin => Learn to know more about the value of your. Malaysia Old Currency Note & Coin, Sungai Petani. The value of a Newfoundland coin depends on several factors such as quality and wear, supply and demand, rarity, finish and more. Rare coins prices depend on a lot of factors and we will discuss some of them here: 1) Coin Grading: Value of rare coins depends a lot on the coin grading. Coin Replicas, Inc. Black Mountain Coins has served the numismatic and coin collecting community for 13 years. Usually, even a difference in 1 grade makes coins 2-3 times more expensive. Toggle navigation. If you have world coins or currency, check with World Coin Trends or NumisMedia, two organizations that deal with rare and foreign coins and currency. Measuring the Metal Value of Coins - Base Metal Coins, Gold & Silver Coins. We specialize in old currency. Sales tax is collected on Coins, Paper Money, and Precious Metals. Grades of coins appear across the top of columns that show the value of each piece based on its age, condition and rarity. In fact, George Washington can even be found pictured on some Philippine Islands currency. World Coin Search. "I did contact the State Office of Revenue and we are not exempt. I've just been reading Josephus -The Jewish War. Money of the Republic of Texas. Value and spec information is sourced from various locations, including coin literature, coin dealers, resource websites, and asking price for online sales by reputable coin dealers. Consigned paper money price list International Grading Standards for World Paper Money Thousands of actual and original scans of bank notes are available in our world paper money price list. A gold coin worth £1 was called a sovereign and the half sovereign, also in gold, was worth ten shillings. The pricing information we report comes from all over the numismatic market including many reliable dealers known for their unbiased market knowledge and information. US Currency Auction,Online Auction site - Coin,Currency,Bullion,Exonumia,Paper Money Auctions. See TODAY's Coins for SALE, BEST OFFERS and Auctions; plus Expert Appraisals/Valuations, FREE sales advice and brokerage services, FREE sale prices, values, wish list and more - FIND 150+ Specialist categories | Bath Antiques Online - Buy, Sell & Value!. Coins & Paper Money Marketplace - Buy & Sell Collectible Coins & Currency Online. A coin dealer will always be able to tell you the value of coins and old paper money, but you should be able to do some of the work on your own. By 1914 the Persian currency was only one-fifth of what it had been worth in 1800 (Issawi, 1971, pp. Coins from 1964 and earlier are made from 90% silver. Coins & Paper Money Marketplace - Buy & Sell Collectible Coins & Currency Online. US Currency Auction,Online Auction site - Coin,Currency,Bullion,Exonumia,Paper Money Auctions. President Kennedy Aged American Coins Collection. The company attends the NYINC convention, the main ANA show and most of the major numismatic shows worldwide. May 16, 2019- Explore bcbwilliams's board "$$ old coins & paper money values", followed by 799 people on Pinterest. Consigned paper money price list International Grading Standards for World Paper Money Thousands of actual and original scans of bank notes are available in our world paper money price list. Many silver certificates, like these, were turned into the government years ago and replaced with Federal Reserve notes. We will match and beat anyone's price easily. Mexican Coins can have collectible value, but they make quality bullion coins as well. इस सिक्के की कीमत है 1500000 रुपये Sell old coin and notes | Old coins value | #MasterJi Ep. For biblical coins, we explore coins that are mentioned in the Bible. Assuming their dates are 1960 or later, your coins would be ordinary circulation coins that were in use up to early 2002 when they were replaced by euros. Hall, of Yale University, on Swiss exchange rates during World War I for five of the primary belligerents: Britain, France, Italy, Germany, and. Buying and selling in all of the aformentioned with fair weights and measures according to daily market values. This can be out of curiosity, or because they are interested in coins for investment purposes. Malaya $10 (24 or 7) A friend of mine has these and wants to sell them for a reasonable price. coins in average circulated or typical uncirculated condition. Old Coin Value. Larry Jackson Numismatics offers a huge selection in gold, silver and platinum bullion coins in Atlanta. Find out in the table below, which gives specifications for U. Sterling & Currency offers a lay by payment system at our discretion to regular clients, and only with agreement from our vendors (if any are involved). Currency Commission Plowman issues. com offers Paper Currency from (1700s) Colonial and Continental Currency to Fractional and Large Size Currency, Gold Certificates to Silver Certificates, and more modern Small Size Size Currency. Ames Coin Club Values Old Currency. Coins and Jewelry was featured as local numismatic expert on KTRK-ABC. The coin used is 1 Yuan and 5 Jiao. 5mm coin is struck in. You can buy online Old Gold American Coins , Old Silver Canadian and Old Russian Coins at My Coin Dealer. The 31mm coin depicts the head of Marianne on the obverse and the denomination within a wreath on the reverse. IndiaMART would like to help you find the best suppliers for your requirement. American Rare Coin and Collectibles has purchased coins, currency, gold, and silver from over 75,000 satisfied customers! As one of the oldest and largest full-time coin and bullion trading companies in the Midwest, we are active buyers of all forms of coins and currency and diamonds too!. Generally speaking, most modern-era Federal Reserve Notes (or paper currency made since the last silver certificates were issued in 1964) is worth very little over face value. When Clark Wolfe began Grove City Coin & Currency in 2008, it started out mainly as a coin collector's shop. The Fair Market Value (FMV) Price Guide represents concise listings of retail Fair Market Value prices for properly graded United States rare coins. paper money auction results. This article will provide a breakdown of the old monetary system, concentrating on the Victorian era and the various coins that existed and were used in Britain, and touch on those minted for colonial holdings. "Biblical coins" is a heterogeneous name, for it is used to designate coins somehow related to old Israel and primitive Christianity's history and regions. 16,766 likes · 21 talking about this · 121 were here. Numismatic items and Bullion are exempt when over $1000. THIS IS NOT A LIST OF COINS OFFERED FOR SALE, but we do keep a selection available in the Chinese and S. THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC ASSOCIATION IS A NONPROFIT DEDICATED TO THE STUDY OF NUMISMATICS AND COIN COLLECTING. IndiaMART would like to help you find the best suppliers for your requirement. It is important for the public to be aware of the security feature incorporated in genuine banknotes and to distinguish between genuine South African banknotes and counterfeit notes. But as Vietnam is currently changing its money system, there exists parallel two different money systems (old and new) which can cause confusion. Dealers in World Wide Bank Notes and Coins. Coin Shop Orlando - Buy or sell silver & gold coins, bullion, mint & proof sets, currency, diamonds, jewelry, morgan dollars, and much more. Then in 1997, after years of struggling with unreliable dealers and outrageous prices, we decided to start Page's Coins and Currency. The letters stand for the Latin words Dei Gratia Regina Fidei Defensor , which means 'By the Grace of God, Queen, Defender of the Faith'. The peres is also mentioned in the Mishnah (Pe'ah 8:5) and its value there is half a zuz. Ten Dollar bill. Old Coin Value. Old Coin Values are Surprising. Free, daily numismatic and gold investment news source online read daily by thousands around the world consisting of investors, professionals, numismatists, collectors and dealers of gold, bullion and rare coins. Established in 1987, Canadian Coin & Currency has grown to become Canada's largest and most respected full service coin company. Some are works of art in their own right, crafted by the finest engravers, designers and sculptors of their time, and are collectable on these grounds alone. Many silver certificates, like these, were turned into the government years ago and replaced with Federal Reserve notes. Financing the public debt and implementing a stable currency system were among the many challenges facing the government of the Republic of Texas. With good lighting and, if needed, a magnifier, you may be able to determine the denominations of your paper money. Values for Red Seal, Brown Seal, and emergency-issue Yellow Seal paper currency varies widely — so it's important to check with a paper currency price guide or paper currency dealer to get the specifics on your paper money. However, I have no knowledge of their market value and would like to seek the experts here on their opinion of its value. The star money was not face value currency, but rather interest-bearing notes (similar to a treasury bill) that circulated by being endorsed over to the next payee. So if you are considering selling your rare Australian coins, we will give you a fair appraisal of your rare Australian coin's value. Or are they useless?. Although the Constutution of 1836 gave Congress the power to "coin money [and] regulate the value thereof," no coins were ever minted. Vietnamese use both coins and paper notes. Large Size Notes,. We also used the words couple of coppers, tanner, bob, half-a-dollar, dollar, quid to mean the value or amount of the money needed, e. Find numismatic coin values in our price guide resources at Shop Numismaster; U. 5/- definitive coin in cupro-nickel was introduced to supplement the paper currency. Typically currency refers to money that is legally designated as such by the governing body, but in some cultures currency can refer to any object that has a perceived value and can be exchanged for other objects. Following is a rundown on coin values for copper, nickel, and silver coins made between the years 1900 and 2000. Coins and Canada isthe largest informative and collaborative website on canadian numismatic. We carry an extensive selection of Ancient coins, Medieval coins, World coins and United States coins as well as Paper Money, Tokens and Medals. You will also find references to guineas, with a value of 21 shillings (this value could change depending on the quality of the coinage in use), marks (13 shillings, 4 pence), nobles (6 shillings, 8 pence), crowns (5 shillings), half crowns (2 shillings, 6 pence); and coins worth 6 pence, 3 pence, 2 pence, halfpence and farthings (one quarter of a penny). 55957 francs for 1 euro. CoinTrackers. 0926 troy ounces of silver. Home of the Greysheet, Greensheet and CPG Market Review. By placing a bid on EQUIP-BID. The distribution of coins differs from that of currency in some respects. The posted notes are in the category "Military Notes of the Pacific War. Coins & Paper Money. "Your Guide To British & UK coins", reference website. The exhibition consists mainly of old and new coins, paper and polymer notes and the commemorative coins issued by the Brunei Currency and Monetary Board. Old silver british coins with the king Georg V portrait Coins. There are so many variables when you are trying to figure out the value of a national currency note. Established in 1987, Canadian Coin & Currency has grown to become Canada's largest and most respected full service coin company. David Mayfield is a Vice President at Heritage Auctions. This involves forecasting the demand for fresh notes and coins, placing the indent with four printing presses and mints, receiving supplies against those indents and distributing them through the 18 offices of the Bank, a wide network of currency chests, repositories and small coin depots. Our online store has high quality images of more than 4000 items for sale and we offer a generous return policy. Please contact Col Anand at 9730044627. Australian Coins. Before the original £1 coin came into circulation in the 1980s, people used Bank of England £1 notes. This catalogue is divided into a number of pages which are arranged in approximate chronological order. Email field should not be empty Please enter a valid email. Brookside Coin a coin shop in Tulsa Oklahoma is always buying, Gold Coin, Silver Coin, U. If you are interested in buying and / or selling any pre 1965 US 90% Silver Dimes, Quarters, Half Dollars, Morgan Silver Dollars & Peace Silver Dollars, and American Silver Eagles we are the coin shop for you. Live silver prices are used to calculate the coin's value (USD):. Hello, and thank you for visiting our website. If you can't find a local coin dealer, try visiting a traveling coin show so you can network with dealers and find someone to buy your coins. Rare coin values. For your information, this is an old Malaysia coin price. We would love the opportunity to earn your business. We auction lots of different rare items, but numismatics, specifically currency, is likely our strongest area. They hold sales multiple times annually in both the United States and Hong Kong. Showing all Coins & Paper Money for sale and online auctions. Currency and Coins U. Old coins can be hard to identify and put values or prices on if you don't even know what the old coin is called. A Mark was a measure of weight indicating half a pound. See TODAY's Coins for SALE, BEST OFFERS and Auctions; plus Expert Appraisals/Valuations, FREE sales advice and brokerage services, FREE sale prices, values, wish list and more - FIND 150+ Specialist categories | Bath Antiques Online - Buy, Sell & Value!. You can buy online Old Gold American Coins , Old Silver Canadian and Old Russian Coins at My Coin Dealer. You need to do some research on the internet, or get a good book on old coins as, unless you know a friendly coin dealer who will look at them all for you, you may not find anyone in the coin trade willing to spend the time going through them to give you the coins' value, all for little chance of return. We buy and sell gold and silver coins, sovereigns, guineas, banknote collections and much more. David became a full time coin dealer in the early 80's, and has been a regular on the national and international coin show circuit ever since. A "Short Snorter" is a member of an unofficial flyers' club, each member of which carries a bill autographed by fellow short snorters. They hearken back to a day when bank notes were redeemable for their value in silver coins at any Federal Reserve Bank. The price a seller receives or a buyer pays, could be substantially more or less than the prices listed. The star money was not face value currency, but rather interest-bearing notes (similar to a treasury bill) that circulated by being endorsed over to the next payee. As an attempt to further reduce currency production costs, new 5 won and 10 won coins were issued in 1970, struck in brass. CanadaCurrency. Browse FREE Antique Coins Price/Value Guide. US Coin Facts US Mint Sets US Proof Sets US Coin Grading US Coin History US Commemorative History US Paper Money Facts. ph is the most convenient mobile wallet for Filipinos to buy load, make online payments, and trade digital currencies. Liberty Coin & Currency buys and sells jewelry, rare coins, gold and silver. old coins,old coins sale,how to sell old coins,how to get old coins,precious coins sale purchase,indian old coins sale and purchase,hw to sell old coins,old coins sellingm sell old coins and all. If the old coin doesn't have a country name that you can read, you can try visiting Don's World Coin Gallery to look it up. Is your old coin made of silver or gold? What country is the old coin from? Are the inscriptions in English or some other foreign language? Does the coin look brand-new or is it so worn that it is barely identifiable?. Many very specialized coin groups deal heavily in paper money as well. I did something similar to this for my 11 year old brother when I was Dm for him and his friends. The coinage is in 25. Collect a Little Piece of Economic History. FIND 1000s of Antique Coins, Vintage and Collectors items with their Price Guide. US Currency Auction,Online Auction site - Coin,Currency,Bullion,Exonumia,Paper Money Auctions. Currency Commission Plowman issues. Frederick and Doris Bart are members of the Professional Currency Dealers Association; they attend most major Coin and Currency shows and auctions nationwide. 16,762 likes · 26 talking about this · 121 were here. These $10. Money of the Republic of Texas. The World Paper Money Price Guide is a complete catalog of paper money values for world paper money from 1368 to date. Old silver british coins with the king Georg V portrait Coins. STEP 2 – Is Your Collectible Currency Authentic? The good news is that 99. Currency Auctions. 600 fine silver and contains. Posted 4:41 pm, February 22, 2015, "The attraction for me is the historical value of the coins," said Christopher Seuntjens who runs Christopher's Coins in. What is a good site to find values of old coins and old paper money? I have a lot of old coins and some old paper money and can't seem to find a web site where I can find actual sell value of them today. Where you will find pictures and images of US coins, foreign coins, US Bank Notes and foreign Banknotes. Collectible Coins, Bullion, Gold, Silver, and more. 16,762 likes · 26 talking about this · 121 were here. Many of these coins are silver coins and a few are gold coins. Old silver british coins with the king Georg V portrait Coins. The coins were in use in Algeria at the time of Allied invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in November 1942. Welcome to London Coin. The company attends the NYINC convention, the main ANA show and most of the major numismatic shows worldwide. As other countries did, coins were made of silver and gold for larger denominations and copper for smaller denominations such as the half cent and large cent coin. They hold sales multiple times annually in both the United States and Hong Kong. This can be out of curiosity, or because they are interested in coins for investment purposes. On the edge of our coins, the letters D. If you are researching a national currency bank note or you have a collection of national currency I am here to help. Look for the condition or grading of the paper; this may be a circulated or not circulated note. paper money MintProducts. " The following list gives the JNDA catalog number, area used in, date, and present value in yen of each note in the condition you have pictured. Traditionally the value of a coin was the value of the metal it was made from. Welcome to AntiqueBanknotes, the best place to sell your rare currency! A site I hope you will find useful for finding the value of your Rare Currency. Old currency is graded on a sliding quality scale, with uncirculated money in mint condition at the top. Biafra 1 Pound (5) 4. Click the orange link above to learn more about national currency. Herein are pictures of China paper money and coins. Whether you have one note or an entire paper money collection - we want to do business with you. Prior to the changeover to the current decimal system the Australian currency or Australian money system was based on the British sterling system with the pound being the main unit. We are the largest buyers of gold, silver, and platinum bullion in the Atlanta area. Using up-to-date technology to improve quality of notes, the design also has a variety of features to prevent counterfeit and imitation. Danish Coin Values I have collected Danish coins for the past 30 years, and have learned that the prices indicated in the various coin guides rarely ever hold true. David started collecting coins at the age of nine and has been trading at coin shows since he was ten years old. Find a Value. To sell old coins, take low and medium-value coins to a reputable coin dealer, where you should be able to easily sell them. The Official Red Book is online, offering its valuable info in an easy to browse site. The edge lettering is actually applied when each coin is struck by using a three piece collar. Allen's, Inc. Come in to our coin shop in Tampa for a free verbal appraisal for your old paper money. Even if you have a totally ruined coin, it's metal content is still worth something, especially if it is made out of precious rare metals like gold, silver and platinum. The Leader in Coin Values World Values & Paper Money In order to make it easy for you to look up values, we've curated up-to-date value listings for each, which you can find here:. Some of these bills with signatures are Short Snorter Bills. We also offer good pricing on colorful and interesting banknotes as sets, collections or singles. Save on graded coins, horse blankets, exonumia & more. 5mm coin is struck in. We specialize in buying, selling and appraising all types of modern and antique jewelry, gold, silver, platinum, diamonds, watches, coins, currency, flatware and more. Coins from British history have absorbing stories to tell. Reply Delete. Around the Aegean Sea, heavy copper ingots were used as currency several centuries before the invention of true coinage. Created by NGC and Krause Publications' NumisMaster, the price guide pages are arranged by Krause catalog numbers and include values, images and specifications such as weight, composition, engraver and current bullion values. Russian Coins range from 1 kopek to 10 roubles, with intermediate values of 5, 10, 50 kopeks and 1, 2 and 5 rouble coins. Coins were freely exchangeable until 17 February 2005 at Banque de France only (commercial banks were not required to accept the old coins after the transition period in 2002, but some did), by converting their total value in francs to euros (rounded to the nearest cent) at the fixed rate of 6. The reverse side of $2, $1 and 50c coins frequently feature commemorative designs. The Old Currency Exchange is a specialist dealer and valuer of Irish & GB coins, tokens and banknotes An educational and entertaining website where collectors, both young and not so young, can read about the economics, history and politics behind Irish coin and banknote issues. Then also I've been given two coins with a value of 2 Shillings each (dated from 1963, 1965). Luckily for them, and anyone interested in discovering the lure of collecting America's. Civil War coins, currency and collectibles have been gaining in popularity for decades and with 2011 have been the sesquicentennial of the Great War, the market found many more interested buyers. David Mayfield is a Vice President at Heritage Auctions. In the introduction, the (English) translator G. Browse FREE Antique Coins Price/Value Guide. The values depend on the condition (= Erhaltung) of the banknotes. Our newly expanded and remodeled showroom features US collector coins and currency, a full range of precious metals bullion products, Gold coins, gold bars, Silver coins the latest reference books and much more. Rare and antique coins become new investment as their prices surge. Includes rare coin varieties, price guide with values and a discussion forum. The World Paper Money Price Guide is a complete catalog of paper money values for world paper money from 1368 to date. Now includes coin values for the new state quarters. small size paper money. On the edge of our coins, the letters D. NATIONAL CURRENCY More than fifty types of designs were used for national currency, and we buy all of them. Long Island Numismatics has been in business since 1977, and has served thousands of customers since that time. This article will provide a breakdown of the old monetary system, concentrating on the Victorian era and the various coins that existed and were used in Britain, and touch on those minted for colonial holdings. Make money from your old money. And we stand by our evaluations. Money was divided into pounds (£) shillings (s. All this information is located on the currency itself, in front or behind the paper. Home of the Greysheet, Greensheet and CPG Market Review. Or are they useless?. World Coin Search. By continuing, you're providing your consent. Usually, even a difference in 1 grade makes coins 2-3 times more expensive. Click the icons below to jump to different sections of this page. Established in 1987, Canadian Coin & Currency has grown to become Canada's largest and most respected full service coin company. Most souviner shops in the south sell books of them. Glen Johnson PO Box 3260 West Orange, NJ 07052. However, it is not normally possible to give an estimate for these coins as the coins concerned are so rare that true value can only be tested at an Auction. Created by PMG and Krause Publications' NumisMaster, the world note price guide pages are arranged by Pick catalog numbers and include paper money values, images and specifications such as issuer, type and printer. Anyone born after 1970 is unlikely to know anything about this type of currency so this, together with an email from Diana Tranter (a site visitor) meant "I felt a new page coming on!". Rare coins prices depend on a lot of factors and we will discuss some of them here: 1) Coin Grading: Value of rare coins depends a lot on the coin grading. For anyone who are looking for the old Malaysia Rare Coin Table Price, I still show them in this post. The South African rare coin and gold coin market and specifically the coins of the Z. Buying and selling in all of the aformentioned with fair weights and measures according to daily market values. Among governors of small States, such as the Duchy of Ferrara, where only small coins where minted locally in a fiduciary system, coinage was the main source of profit, since the nominal value was higher than the actual value, while strong coins (gold or silver) coming from outside circulated in legal currency system. British coins and the largest online forum. "I did contact the State Office of Revenue and we are not exempt. Some coins came from the coin mint, some came from coin dealers, some came from coin auction. The World Paper Money Price Guide is a complete catalog of paper money values for world paper money from 1368 to date. All old coin values listed and most will surprise you. Coins & Paper Money. One of the bills I found on eBay went for around $150 and the other around 750 Euro. Edelman's also has a large selection of high quality Estate and Antique Jewelry for sale. We are always on. South Africa - Money. This can be out of curiosity, or because they are interested in coins for investment purposes. David Mayfield is a Vice President at Heritage Auctions. In 2010 Stephen Dyner joined the Great American Coin Company, bringing with him expertise in business management and marketing. Paper Money; World Paper Money; Or read the latest coin news, find coin dealers online, attend upcoming coin shows, and find coin supplies for sale in our shop. In early 2012, French banks definitely. Rather than defining old money value, I would turn it around and discuss old money with little to no worth over face value. Around the Aegean Sea, heavy copper ingots were used as currency several centuries before the invention of true coinage. Stack's Bowers Galleries Official ANA 2019 Auctions of Ancient and World Coins and World Paper Money Produce Strong Resu Stack's Bowers Galleries Sets Record for Most Valuable Modern U. Listings are available in the telephone directory under the headings of CURRENCY and HOBBIES. Some are stored in coin folders, others are stored using other coin supplies. Generally speaking, most modern-era Federal Reserve Notes (or paper currency made since the last silver certificates were issued in 1964) is worth very little over face value. (15) Old United States Currency Notes with a total face value of $125. Indian Currency Stock Photos and Images business wallet currency coins franc dollar yen vector illustration. Paper Money Value" offers information about the most common types of U. FIND 1000s of Antique Coins, Vintage and Collectors items with their Price Guide. currency issued. A "complete" list of U.


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Q: IBM DB2 unable to access database from PYTHON after reboot I was working in DB2 from jupyter-notebook in this way
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What could i do?

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La Malbaie, Quebec
Ann-Renée Desbiens was Team Canada's primary goaltender en route to gold at Beijing 2022, starting five of seven games. That included the gold medal game in which she stopped 38 of 40 shots as Canada defeated the United States. In Canada's preliminary round game against the Americans, Desbiens made 51 saves, the most ever by a Canadian goaltender — male or female — in an Olympic match. Desbiens allowed just nine goals on 150 shots in the entire tournament for a .940 save percentage and 1.80 goals against average.
Four years earlier, Desbiens started Canada's opening game at PyeongChang 2018, earning an 18-save shutout against the Olympic Athletes from Russia en route to the silver medal.
Desbiens made her IIHF Women's World Championship debut in 2015, helping Canada win silver. She appeared in three games, recording a pair of shutouts, before lost to Team USA in the final. In October 2016 she sustained a concussion for her first serious hockey injury. She missed a month of competition before suiting up for the national team during the 2016 December Series against the United States. She suffered a knee injury during one of those games and it was a few months before it was stable again, thanks to a lot of physiotherapy, rehab exercises, and soft tissue work.
Desbiens finally returned to Canada's world championship roster in 2021, six years after her last worlds appearance. She started five games, including the gold medal game which Canada won 3-2 in overtime against the United States.
Desbiens had previously worn the maple leaf as a member of the team that won silver at the 2011 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship. She also competed with the U22 team for series against the United States in 2012 and 2014 before leading the national development team to a gold medal at the 2015 Nations Cup.
Desbiens played four seasons at the University of Wisconsin before being selected by the Boston Pride in the first round of the 2016 NWHL draft. She posted remarkable numbers during her four-year collegiate career, highlighted by a 0.89 GAA and .955 save percentage with 99 wins, and an astounding 56 shutouts, an NCAA record for men and women. In 2015-16 she had broken the NCAA single-season shutout record with 21 and was a top-three finalist for the Patty Kazmaier Award. In her senior season in 2016-17, she ranked first nationally in shutouts (17), wins (29), GAA (0.71) and save percentage (.963) to win the Patty Kazmaier Award as the top player in women's NCAA hockey. Desbiens was a First Team All-American in 2016 and 2017. She reached the NCAA Frozen Four in all four years with the Badgers.
Before attending university, Desbiens made one start as a teenager in the 2012 CWHL playoffs for Montreal, who would go on to lift the Clarkson Cup. She took the 2018-19 season off, during which the CWHL ceased operations. When she resumed playing, she joined the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association and won the 2021 Secret Cup, part of the Dream Gap Tour, with Montreal. Desbiens was in net for the Canada All-Stars during the women's showcase at the 2020 NHL All-Star Game, defeating the United States All-Stars 2-1.
A Little More About Ann-Renée
Getting into the Sport: Started skating at age 3 and playing organized hockey at age 5… Her four older siblings all played hockey but she stuck with it because being at the rink was the highlight of her day… Outside Interests: Majored in business at the University of Wisconsin… Has a Masters in Accounting… Would like to be an accountant for a professional sports team… Enjoys reading books, cooking, and outdoor activities such as hiking, canoeing, and fishing… Odds and Ends: Role model growing up was Patrick Roy because of his style and being unafraid to try something new… Favourite quote: "It's a great day for hockey!" – Bob Johnson… Won a bronze medal with Quebec at the 2011 Canada Winter Games…
2018 PyeongChang Ice Hockey Women Silver
2022 Beijing Ice Hockey Women Gold
Olympic Games: 2022 - GOLD; 2018 - SILVER
IIHF World Championships: 2021 - GOLD; 2015 - SILVER
IIHF World Championship (U-18): 2011 - SILVER
Geneviève Lacasse
A relative newcomer to the Canadian Women's National Team, Geneviève Lacasse is one of three goaltenders that were centralized with…
Mélodie Daoust
Canada's leading scorer at PyeongChang 2018, totaling three goals and four assists, as the team won the silver medal. Daoust…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Freedom of expression is classed as a basic human right both in UN statute and International law. Of course this doesn't mean that all countries and governments respect this right – clearly when you look at countries like Iran, China and Syria that certainly isn't the case.
Post something critical online about the Thai royal family and if you live in Thailand, expect a knock on the door very soon. Egypt, Turkey, Gaddafi's Libya and lots of other Middle Eastern countries also have take a very keen interest in controlling what is posted and discussed on the internet.
The control is usually implemented by fear supplemented by draconian filtering and censoring technologies. Facebook and YouTube are routinely blocked in lots of countries across the world simply because they are very lightly moderated and actively encourage free discussion.
Forums are also a great way for people to gather and discuss various topics and I want to tell you the story of an Arabic discussion forum called Tomaar.net. The site was initially created as a place for Saudis to discuss philosophical aspects of Islam – here's a screenshot of it.
The forum became very popular primarily because it was a place where subjects like women's rights, equality and homosexuality could be discussed by Saudi's in the context of their religion. It soon started to attract visitors from across the world and became a hugely successful forum for Arabic speakers. Needless to say that site was not very popular with the religious fundamentalists who hated this sort of free discussion – and this included the Saudi Government.
The forum was hosted in the USA, so it couldn't be closed down by the Saudi Government who did however block all access from any ISP situated in their country. Fortunately the forum users were sophisticated web users and were able to use circumvention tools like Identity Cloaker and TOR to bypass the blocks and filters. Also many users lived outside Saudi Arabia and were not subject to the ban and so the forum continued to grow in popularity.
What Happened Next to Tomaar.net?
Well the forum had a pretty tough time over the coming months after the Saudi blocks were put up. First of all their hosting providers suddenly pulled the plug, no warning just a letter terminating their contract. Then followed a succession of hosting providers but all were unable to keep the forum up for very long.
Tomaar.net was being targeted and overloaded by frequent DDOS attacks. DDOS stands for Distributed Denial of Service and is basically when a web server is overloaded by loads of computers (also called a botnet) all making repeated requests at the same time. The server hosting the forum was being overloaded and falling over.
You can defend against these attacks and in fact they tried valiantly to keep the forum up commissioning specialist companies like Prolexic Technologies to protect the site. However in the end it just became too costly to protect the site against these regular attacks, the Tomaar site died and a lively discussion forum exists only in the cache of sites like the Waybackmachine.
Was the Saudi Government responsible for all this, there's no direct proof that I know of. However there are many who strongly believe they were behind the attacks. The reality is that is would be extremely easy for a Government to shut down a site like this, you can even buy large DDOS attacks online for a few hundred dollars.
This is perhaps the most worrying aspect that even a site hosted in a country famous for protecting freedom of speech is not safe. It's so very simple to close down a website if you have some resources available – no problem at all if you're an oil rich fundamentalist government.


The story of this remarkable organisation begins in the early decades of the 20th century, when Lady Ida Augusta Rieu, wife of Sindh Commissioner J.L. Rieu, decided to take up the cause of people with disabilities. Although she died in 1921, her dream was realised a year later when the welfare organisation began functioning and by 1936 funding had been secured to start a school for the blind.
Today the Ida Rieu school is a modern facility boasting amenities at par with those at elite educational institutions of the country. In addition to schools for the deaf and the blind, it operates clinics for the sight- and hearing-impaired, a library, science and computer labs, and a hostel. It also provides vocational training in book binding, cane work, ceramics, embroidery, handicrafts, music, painting, tailoring and woodwork. Close of 80 per cent of pupils study free of cost and the remainder pay a fee of 2,500 rupees annually.
"Our students can become PhDs, doctors and professors," says Atiya Qayyum, Deputy Principal Academics. "With the right schooling, our students can easily transition to higher education or employment." One student, Shahid Siddique, who is blind, topped the list in the SSC examinations, surpassing 52,000 sighted candidates, and also secured top position in the Intermediate examinations. Many others have scored top marks in board examinations and gone on to secure good jobs, competing with young people from the best educational institutions in the country.
"A school for people with disabilities needs to be more creative in how they teach," explains Qayyum. Although the school follows the curriculum of the Sindh education board, pedagogical techniques are completely different. "You can't just teach the regular way. You have to involve all the senses. We use taste, touch, sound, visuals and other methods to teach different students different things. Our teachers also have to be trained to use these tools." Currently the school employs close to 80 teachers. Students are encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities, including martial arts, music, quiz competitions and sports, as well as the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.
The school has been in the forefront of innovation in education for people with disabilities. "We are responsible for creating the first Sindhi Braille Code," says Qayyum, and Ida Rieu's Braille library was the first such library in the subcontinent. "We were also the first to start mobilisation and orientation programmes for the deaf and blind." Ida Rieu retains its focus on innovation and technology, running an audiology clinic and making multimedia materials accessible to those with learning disabilities through the international DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) project.
According to projections using 1998 census data, there are roughly 5 million people with disabilities in Pakistan, of which 43 per cent are children between the ages of 1 and 15. The census defines a disabled person as one who "on account of injury, disease or deformity is handicapped for undertaking any gainful profession or employment." The tragedy is that in many cases this holds true only because there are not enough educational institutions catering to the needs of young people with disabilities.
The Ida Rieu Welfare Association is supported by philanthropic institutions and individuals in Pakistan and abroad. Its motto, 'Turning Disability Into Ability', holds true today as it did when in first opened its doors almost 100 years ago. For nearly a century, this unique institution has provided quality education to children and young adults who go on to live productive lives and become proud members of society. Ida Rieu has shown that illness, disease or an accident of birth need not hold back a child from achieving his or her full potential.


text:
Italy - France
France cancels migrant trains from Italy
Tunisian migrants queue in front of a temporary camp on the Italian island of Lampedusa. AFP/Roberto Salomone
Italy has lodged a complaint with the French government after France cancelled cross-border train services on Sunday to prevent a planned protest against immigration controls. Human rights activists blocked the Italian station of Ventimiglia instead.
French, Italian and Tunisian protesters had planned to board what they called a "train of dignity" in Ventimiglia and travel to Nice in southern France, in defiance of the limits on immigration introduced in the wake of recent upheaval in North Africa.
The demonstrators want to "open borders, guarantee free access to European territory, and remind people that no human being is 'illegal'", according to organisers.
But all mainline train services from Italy to France were cancelled on Sunday afternoon.
Activists said they would sleep at the station and attempt to board a train on Monday.
Rome has asked for clarification on France's decision to block the services, which "appear to be illegal and in clear violation of European principles", according to Foreign Minister Franco Frattini.
The French government has objected to Italy's recent decision to grant temporary visas to thousands of migrants from Tunisia, saying that it doesn't want an influx of migrants arriving in France.
France-Italy
France upset at Italian deal over Tunisian migrants
Guéant turns spotlight on France's legal immigrants
Italian minister resigns as migrants moved out of Lampedusa


For a large swath of Americans, living paycheck to paycheck is nothing new. Accessing credit or bank loans have never been an option. This segment of the population is commonly referred to as the unbanked or underbanked. In 2009, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation started to publish surveys of unbanked and underbanked households. The data reflected what many already knew: A quarter of U.S. households were considered unbanked or underbanked.
The FDIC repeated the survey in 2011, finding a 3-point uptick in the number of unbanked or underbanked U.S. households. These households, the FDIC found, are a microcosm representing lower- and middle-income America, cutting across a diverse demographic background. Despite the resoundingly clear data, commonly held misperceptions about this community persist. As a result, this lack of understanding has prevented policymakers from working with best-in-class online and consumer loan companies to identify meaningful solutions and harness technology to meet specific individual needs.
Technology is playing an outsized role in how consumers conduct their personal banking. Alternative financial service products are no exception. In a study done by the Federal Reserve, underbanked populations tend to own mobile phones and smartphones in larger numbers than the rest of the population. And these same populations complete financial transactions on their smartphones.
For example in 2012, according to Clarity Services, almost 13 million Americans sought consumer loan applications online. And more subprime Americans will seek a loan online instead of through a storefront, investment bank JMP Securities found. With such a large and growing number of Americans conducting their banking on mobile devices, online banking is the future of the financial services industry.
Yet, while online financial service options are growing for many who use mainstream banks, online resources for consumers who use alternative financial services are shrinking. For borrowers living in states where non-bank lending is prohibited by law, consumers turn to unlicensed lenders. These lenders are not subject to state or federal regulations, leaving the consumer with little to no recourse.
The Consumer Credit Access, Innovation and Modernization Act (HR 1566) is a bipartisan bill seeking to establish a federal regulatory framework for online lenders by authorizing the Comptroller of the Currency to create a federal charter. This would allow approved non-bank entities nationally and provide consumers with the opportunity to seek out innovative and longer-term loan products they demand. Such a system would not only weed out bad actors but, through market competition, drive the continued improvement of products and even help lower the cost of delivering such products to the consumer.
The legislation would include a robust role for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and begin to pivot consumers away from short-term payday loans to longer installment loan products, particularly online.
More attention must be paid to developing suitable options for hardworking Americans who are underserved. To develop such options, we need to establish a federal regulatory framework for the non-bank and online alternative banking space that includes consumer protections and the access they need to a variety of timely, innovative credit products.
Daniel R. Feehan is president and CEO of Cash America International Inc.


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Andreas Viestad
Norwegian TV Chef
https://andreasviestad.com
Andreas Viestad is a Norwegian food columnist and TV chef. He has hosted nine seasons of New Scandinavian Cooking broadcast in the U.S., China, Germany, Italy, Finland and on BBC Lifestyle in over fifty countries since 2003, and is a food writer for Dagbladet and Morgenbladet newspapers in Norway. He has had a monthly column in The Washington Post titled "The Gastronomer". Viestad has been called "Norway's most exciting food writer", and "Norway's culinary ambassador". Andreas trained to be a food writer at the University of Oslo, where he studied History, Political Science and Media Studies, and throughout his cooking career he has kept his keen interest in these studies, using food as a means to investigate culture and history. He has published a number of books in his native Norwegian, as well as two Englisg language books, Kitchen of Light – New Scandinavian Cooking (Artisan Books) and Where Flavor Was Born - Recipes and Culinary Travels Along the Indian Ocean Spice Route (Chronicle Books). He has a small farm in the hamlet of Viestad in the southern Norwegian town of Farsund, as well as an agricultural project in Elgin, near Cape Town, South Africa, named 'Garden of Elgin'. The project is run in collaboration with Dr. Paul Clüver on the Clüver family estate, and features 50 different citruses, more than 40 varieties of peaches, nectarines and apricots and a wide selection of herbs and vegetables, including more than 100 varieties of tomatoes.[11] He also has a home in his birth town: Oslo. In 2010, Viestad started working on a new food and agriculture project, a center for food culture for children at Geitmyra Gård, a protected farm in the middle of Oslo, inspired by Alice Waters' Edible Schoolyard. He established a non-commercial foundation, and in September 2011 Geitmyra matkultursenter for barn opened. The center teaches children about cooking and growing food. In 2011 he opened his first restaurant, St Lars in Oslo. He lives on Geitmyra with his wife and three children.
Andreas's recommendations
I have always been a fan of Slater, the cook that took cookbooks out of the restaurant. No-fail delicious home cooking.
Chez Panisse Café Cookbook
Beaten and worn, my old copy of this book shows that some books just work.
The first time I fell in love with Nigella, was reading her debut book. It is still a great, seductive read and everything I want from a woman. I mean cookbook.
The Pyromaniac's Cookbook
John J. Poister
I have never understood why some many cookbooks are so bloody boring. John Poister's book is not, so I forgive that it is not terribly useful unless I want to get drunk or set thing on fire.
Seven Fires: Grilling the Argentine Way
Our first way of cooking is still one of the most intriguing. And Mallman is the God of Fire. I worship him for months every summer. I know the book by heart, so now I keep it near mostly as a religious act.
Foods of the World: Cooking of Scandinavia
Dale Brown
This 1968 book was the first to take the idea of Scandinavian cooking seriously. Truly inspirational, great colors and recipes, and Max von Sydow showing you how to drink.
The Nordic Cookbook
Magnus Nilsson
The best book written about the food of the North. Magnus is a brilliant chef brilliant, and a very generous writer.
Modernist Cuisine: The Art and Science of Cooking
Nathan Myhrvold , Chris Young and Maxime Bilet
I don't particularly like the recipes, but I love the science, and that it makes you understand. And the magnitude of the work is breathtaking.
Ottolenghi made me look at greens anew. Truly inspirational.
River Cottage Cook Book
I got the book just as I inherited my family´s smallholding, so the book has been a recipe for life, not just for its dinners.
Follow Andreas Viestad
What's playing in Andreas's kitchen?
I have the music taste of an elderly Cadillac-driving man in the 1960's, and when I cook (or drive my 1972 Cadillac seville Sedan) I listen to jazz.
Books by Andreas Viestad
Where Flavor Was Born: Reci...
Kitchen of Light: New Scand...
J. Kenji López-Alt
Managing Culinary Director, Serious Eats
Trish Deseine
William Drew
Group Editor, The World's 50 Best Restaurants
Anne Willan
Betty Fussell


The two main enemies of coolant are bacteria and acid. When coolant is soured by bacteria, it becomes rancid. Contact dermatitis is a common result. Acid build-up in coolant destroys lubricity. The "New Life" 962 UV Generator kills bacteria and neutralizes acid, thereby dramatically extending the life of the coolant.


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Bob Fass
Robert Morton Fass[1]
(1933-06-29)June 29, 1933
Syracuse University (B.A., 1955)[2]
radio presenter, journalist, actor
Radio Unnameable broadcast radio program
Bridget Potter (divorced),
Catherine Revland (common law marriage),
Lynnie Tofte[3]
Robert Morton Fass (June 29, 1933 – April 24, 2021)[4] was an American radio personality and pioneer of free-form radio, who broadcast in the New York region for over 50 years. Fass's program, Radio Unnameable, aired in some form from 1963 until his death primarily on WBAI, a radio station operating out of New York City.
Robert Morton Fass was born June 29, 1933 and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from Syracuse University in 1955.[2] When he went into the army in 1956, he started a theater at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Fass received a scholarship to study acting with Sandy Meisner and Sydney Pollack at the Neighborhood Playhouse and was also a member of Stella Adler's workshop.
He appeared on stage in Brendan Behan's The Hostage at Circle in the Square, The Execution of Private Slovik with Dustin Hoffman, and The Man with the Golden Arm at the Cherry Lane, among other New York productions. In 1960, he took over the role of the warden in the legendary off-Broadway production of Threepenny Opera with Lotte Lenya. Over the next two years, he played a variety of roles in the show, also acting as assistant stage manager.
In 1963, he began working at WBAI, operated by the Pacifica Foundation. Novelist and poet Richard Elman, a friend of Fass's from high school, who was producing programs for the station's Drama & Literature Department, helped Fass get a job as an announcer. He then was given the midnight to dawn time block to use as he wished.
Radio Unnameable
The Unnamable by Samuel Beckett, which Fass was reading at the time, gave the show its title.[1] His signature greeting, "Good morning, cabal," came from a listener. "I wanted a sign-on line, like William B. Williams "Good morning, world," says Fass.
Someone sent in a postcard suggesting, "Good morning, cabal." I looked it up in the dictionary and discovered that the word, cabal, comes from "horse." Originally, people met on horseback at night with their identities concealed-even from each other—to plot or plan something subversive. And I thought, that's it: "Good morning, cabal."[5]
The show was described as a free-form show often with random phone calls and political discussion."[1]
Nowhere else, Jay Sand writes, could you hear a DJ
playing two records at the same time or backwards, or the same song over and over and over again, simply because he liked its message. Nowhere else in the early 60s could you hear callers and hosts alike criticize LBJ [President Lyndon B. Johnson] for escalating the War in Vietnam, encourage men to burn their draft cards, or talk in glowing terms about their drug experiences. Radio Unnameable was a counterculture radio show before anyone ever applied the term to America's drop-out youth. Bob Fass was a hippie before there were hippies.[citation needed]
Fass collaborated with Gerd Stern and Michael Callahan's media collective, USCO,[6] which had produced sound fields for Timothy Leary's Fillmore East shows, then dove in and began creating mixes on the air.
In the mid 1970s, Fass asked the station's Chief Engineer, Mike Edl, if there was any way to rig up a contraption that would allow Fass to put as many as ten phone calls on the air at the same time. The system Edl built became a centerpiece of Fass's show, allowing more of his listeners to connect with him, and with each other.
Response to the show
Neil Fabricant, Legislative Director of New York's ACLU during the 1960s, has said that Fass was "a midwife at the birth of the counterculture."[citation needed] Ralph Engleman, in his book, Public Radio & TV in America: A Political History, cites Fass as "the first to develop the full potential of free-form radio and make it a major vehicle of the counterculture."[7] and Wavy Gravy refers to him as "the father of freeform radio."[8]
He also plays a major role in Marc Fisher's book, Something In The Air, which covers radio's impact in the post-TV years. The Washington Post columnist describes how the "I'm mad as hell and I'm not going to take it any more!" scene in the film, Network, grew out of an actual incident when WOR's Jean Shepherd exhorted his listeners to throw open their windows, stick out their heads, and shout, "Excelsior!", then he goes on to write "Radio Unnameable would inspire a monsoon of musical, sexual, pharmacological, political, and social change"[9]
Shepherd took the unseen audience and let them see each other, but it's Bob Fass who took that to the next level, giving it social and political meaning. Fass really opened the door and summoned the audience into the action. He used the mass media to amass a very real movement.[citation needed]
"Midwife to a Movement"
Human Fly-In
Some believe it began one night on-air in 1967, when Fass invited "the Cabal" to join him for the Fly-In, a get together at JFK airport where he and his friends could meet and party with Radio Unnameable listeners and their friends, while aircraft took off and landed in the background. ("My vision was like the Hawaiians who greet you when you get off the plane with leis, a kiss, and song," Fass says.)
About a month later, on February 11, 1967, 3000 people showed up at midnight "on the coldest day of the year", to play guitar and hang out at the International Arrivals Terminal. Fass told author Jay Sand, "that was the first inkling I had that there were so many people and that they wanted so much to get together." "Something about this electronic thing - this radio station - makes it possible to listen to other people like themselves and they get the idea they aren't alone."[10]
Sweep In
Excited by the response to the Fly In, Fass and his friends looked for another opportunity to gather. Emmett Grogan of the Diggers suggested the next get together should put all that energy towards a good purpose, "like cleaning up the junk on the Lower East Side." They announced plans for a Sweep In which would be held on April 8, 1967 and invited the audience to join them in cleaning up Krassner's garbage-strewn block; 7th Street between Avenue D and Avenue C. Word of the upcoming spring-cleaning eventually reached New York's Sanitation Department. Apparently embarrassed by the idea of dirty hippies doing their work for them, city trucks were dispatched in the wee hours to clean the block, from top to bottom, a hitherto unprecedented occurrence. That didn't dampen the enthusiasm of Fass's listeners. When they arrived armed with brooms, mops, sponges and cleaning solutions and discovered the original mission had been accomplished; they simply moved down to 3rd Street and started scrubbing there. The New York Times reported a sizeable group of participants were kids who came in from Westchester County and Long Island.[11]
Yippies
It wasn't long before the movement nurtured in NYC went national. Abbie Hoffman became a household name in August 1967, after he led an anti-capitalist demonstration at the New York Stock Exchange, showering the traders with dollar bills. Radio Unnameable became the communications hub of the Yippies!, the Youth International Party, started by Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Fass, Krassner, and a few others, to bring flower children, acidheads and old lefties together into one group that could change the course of American society.
The Yippies! got worldwide attention that October when they applied for permission to levitate the Pentagon during a massive anti-Vietnam War demonstration that attracted 50,000 to Washington D.C. Fass can be heard on tapes of the event (along with Ed Sanders of the rock group The Fugs, and Mountain Girl) chanting, "out demons, out!" as they attempt to exorcize the evil spirits at the War Department.[11]
Yip In at Grand Central
Not every one appreciated the Yippies' sense of humor and it proved hard to keep things light in 1968. Fass and his friends spent months on the air plotting a march on Chicago to coincide with the Democratic National Convention. They dubbed it the "Festival of Life", in contrast to the "Festival of Death," they felt the political power brokers were advancing in Vietnam. As a kind of a practice run for the big event, the Yippies decided to hold a Yip In at Grand Central Terminal in New York in March 1968.
It began as a happy go lucky party; a reunion of people who'd met at the Fly In and the Easter Be-In in Central Park the previous year. WBAI had reporters on the scene and Fass was broadcasting calls from Paul Krassner and others at Grand Central, describing the good vibes and great turn out. Then suddenly, things turned violent. Several hippies from the commune, Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers, decided it would be a symbolic gesture to rip the hands off the clock at the train station in "a rape of time." A couple others set off firecrackers and the NYPD began cracking heads and smashing cameras. As the panicked crowd streamed for the exits, over 200 cops cornered them, throwing individuals like Village Voice reporter, Don McNeil, through glass doors, and dragging others out and arresting them.
Radio Unnameable provided a link between people inside the terminal and the audience listening at home. He broadcast eyewitness accounts from the scene and spoke to Abbie Hoffman, who was getting his wounds patched up at Bellevue Hospital. Washington Post reporter, Nicholas Von Hoffman, came directly from Grand Central to join Fass on the air.
It was a brutal initiation for the Yippies but it was also the moment that solidified Fass's place in the city. He was providing up to the second, unfiltered news that citizens wary of mainstream press coverage could trust. As Sand points out in the Radio Waves Unnameable— "Bob Fass did not just report the news, he helped mold the events of the time."[12][13]
Columbia occupation
The next month, when Columbia students occupied school buildings to protest the University's stance on the war and a plan to evict Harlem residents in order to build a gymnasium, WBAI, with Fass's show in the lead, "acted as a nerve center for the demonstrators." After the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, Fass provided in depth, ongoing alternative coverage, giving listeners and independent investigators a chance to grieve, discuss theories, express opinions and trade information considered too controversial for the major media.
1968 DNC
In the weeks leading up to the 1968 Democratic National Convention, callers and guests on Radio Unnameable debated the wisdom of marching directly into the path of Mayor Richard J. Daley's troops. Fass cautioned listeners "to know what they were getting into should they choose to go. They don't mess around in Chicago." Vin Scelsa, later a major NYC radio broadcaster in his own right, then a WBAI listener, told Jay Sand, "We all should have been indicted as co-conspirators, not just the Chicago Seven. We were all in on it. That whole thing was planned on Bob's show."
Fass rarely left his command center in WBAI's Master Control but at the very last minute, he flew to Chicago and recorded everything he saw and heard. After reporting a noise that sounded like "an M1 cracking against someone's head," Fass noticed that some of the national guardsmen "look very frightened. They are putting on their gas masks. They aren't very experienced with them."
The ensuing attack, roughing up hippies and network news reporters, was broadcast live on television. When the dust settled, several of Fass's comrades were arrested for conspiracy and inciting to riot.
Fass escaped indictment and returned to WBAI, where over the next decade, his show became a kind of an alternative Town Hall; Abbie Hoffman called virtually every night with an update from the show trial of the Chicago Seven, which lasted for months.
Rubin Carter
Over the long years of Rubin Carter's incarceration for a murder he did not commit, attorney Flo Kennedy called Radio Unnameable regularly "to keep the case in the consciousness of at least listeners to late night radio," says Fass. He remembers visiting Woodstock during the early 1970s and telling Bob Dylan "Carter was being railroaded for being "an uppity nigger." Several years later, Dylan produced his epic song telling the story of the unjust conviction (Hurricane) and formed his Rolling Thunder Revue specifically to raise funds for Carter's defense. Fass calls the subsequent retrial and vindication of Carter "one of the great cooperative efforts where hippies and blacks united to achieve change before Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition."
The 1970s onward
Fass continued to do his show as New York City and WBAI went through radical changes. In the 1970s, the Movement split into factions and new program directors and station managers began to alter the thrust of the programming, apportioning blocks of airtime to feminists, gay rights activists, African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, Native Americans, and other interest groups. Fass and many others felt this approach was the very antithesis of the personal character of WBAI.
Station takeover and lock-out
In 1977, Fass found himself at the forefront of a power struggle for the future of the station. He participated in a staff attempt to form a union. Management accused him of "living in the past" and ordered him not to discuss the station's internal business on the air. That was a request he found impossible to adhere to because he felt strongly that listeners paying to support non-commercial radio deserved to know and have a voice in what was being planned. The stand off ended with some staff members seizing control of WBAI's transmitter at the Empire State Building, while others (including Fass) remained barricaded in the studios, broadcasting until the phone lines were cut and the police arrived to haul them away.
New York City's free speech station padlocked the front door and suspended broadcasting for 35 days. Fass was banned for five years, during which he returned to stage acting, did a guest residency at WFMU in New Jersey, and campaigned to return to WBAI.
Since his reinstatement in 1982, Fass continued in the same vein. Singers like Jeffrey Lewis, Roy Zimmerman, Debby Dalton, Kathy Zimmer and Rav Shmuel, blues guitarists Toby Walker and Guy Davis, radical environmentalist Keith Lampke and visual artists like Keith Haring, Art Spiegelman and MacArthur Fellow Ben Katchor, are just a few who have joined the roster of Radio Unnameable guests. Fass reassembled the members of The Lovin' Spoonful on the air, emceed the Phil Ochs Memorial, and flew to Houston to celebrate Jerry Jeff Walker's birthday, which he taped and played on the radio.
In the mid-1980s, Fass was nearly homeless. AJ Weberman rented a truck for Fass and a large storage unit to hold his archives, paid in advance for many years.
Fass was last paid for his radio time in 1977. Musicians like Dave Bromberg turn up at tributes to thank Bob "for giving us our careers." Many of his protégées have turned colleagues, like Steve Post, Larry Josephson, and Vin Scelsa, and have spoken of his generosity with his time. Listeners have made donations to his retirement fund. "It's better than BAI paying me that people remember me, I guess," Fass said.[14]
By 2006, Fass's time on WBAI had been reduced to just one night a week. He continued to host in that single weekly overnight time slot. On October 4, 2019, WBAI was illegally seized by a minority faction of Pacifica's board without authorization, and canceled all of WBAI's original programming including Fass's show, replacing it with canned programs from California. This lasted a month before it could be reversed through court action and Radio Unnameable was restored.[15]
Notable guests
Fass remembered his very first guest on the air was Paul Krassner, editor of The Realist, soon followed by Zen poet D.A. Levy. Krassner became a regular, along with Timothy Leary, Wavy Gravy, (aka comedian Hugh Romney), filmmaker Robert Downey, David Amram, comic actor and writer, Marshall Efron, the club performer, Brother Theodore, and Kinky Friedman (years before he began writing mystery stories and took up politics).
Notable guests include investigative reporter Mae Brussell, Abbie Hoffman commenting on the Chicago Seven trial, a planning session for the Central Park Be-In, and the first radio appearance of Phoebe Snow. The show has featured the work, and the first performances of Arlo Guthrie's "Alice's Restaurant" and Jerry Jeff Walker's "Mr. Bojangles."[16]
Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky, and Gregory Corso, turned up multiple times. Over the course of the years, activist attorney Flo Kennedy kept listeners abreast of the latest injustices in America's court system. Steve Ben Israel and Judith Malina of the Living Theater, actor Rip Torn (and more recently his son, director Tony Torn), Ed Sanders, Tuli Kupferberg, and the rest of The Fugs, all made themselves comfortable on Fass's show. Abbie Hoffman, the former civil rights organizer turned political provocateur appeared regularly during the tumultuous years from 1968-1973.
A long list of musicians have appeared on Radio Unnameable, including Townes Van Zandt, David Peel, Richie Havens, Jose Feliciano, Joni Mitchell, The Fugs, Karen Dalton, Patti Smith and Phil Ochs (parodying "Positively 4th Street"; half pretending a comic competition with Bob Dylan, but later telling disapproving callers that it was Dylan's right to play with an electric guitar and a band behind him). The Incredible String Band came over from England with their manager, Joe Boyd, Happy and Artie Traum often stopped by before heading back to Woodstock.
Other performers include Taj Mahal, Paul Siebel, Muddy Waters, Otis Spann, Skip James, Rosalie Sorrels, Tiny Tim, Jake & the Family Jewels, Cat Mother & the All Night Newsboys, Melanie, Penny Arcade, Rambling Jack Elliot, Tom Rapp and Pearls before Swine, Frank Zappa, Jeremy Steig, The Holy Modal Rounders, Sis Cunningham and Sammy Walker.
Fass met Dylan before he began his radio career, double dating with Carla Rotolo, one-time stage manager of The Hostage, and her sister, Suze, who was Dylan's girlfriend.[17][a]
We went out to dinner in the Village and played poker at Dylan's apartment over The Music Inn on W. 4th Street," Fass remembers. "When I started the show, he listened and occasionally I could squeeze a suggestion out of him. He turned me on to Lightnin' Hopkins."[18]
Dylan's first appearance on radio was on Radio Unnameable[19] doing comic improvs with Suze Rotolo and John Herald in 1963. Listeners also got a preview of his forthcoming album, Freewheelin'. In 1966, in the midst of recording Blonde on Blonde, he returned to Radio Unnameable, taking calls from listeners. When Dylan's crusading anthem, Hurricane, came out in the mid 1970s, Fass played it all night for five nights in a row and in 1986, when Dylan turned 45; he organized a 45-hour marathon of his music for WBAI.
Fass explained the connection to NPR reporter (and former WBAI news reporter) Jon Kalish, this way:
Bob Dylan is the leading bard of our age. I feel grateful to have been alive while he's been writing. In a way, it's like having known Shakespeare.[citation needed]
Fass had never been a brilliant monologist like Jean Shepherd who preceded him on WOR in the late 50s, nor a star interviewer. His style was to make a few gentle stabs at drawing his guest out, and then he was content to go with the flow. His singular talent, as Sand notes in The Radio Waves Unnameable, was for orchestrating the great mix; "For Fass, beauty exists in the way events intertwine... the art came in the complete presentation... and for better or worse, the divergent strands of life which Fass presented would have fused to form a lucid whole by the time he said, 'BYE BYE'."
Unlike almost any other radio or television personality, silence never scared Fass. Seconds passed as he seemingly pondered the thoughts of his guests, leaving them or the listener a space to fill in the blanks. In addition to being a congenial master of ceremonies, Fass was a good listener.
He was always ready to lend an ear and share the air with absolutely anyone who felt they had something to say. This largesse often led to endless, boring mouthing off, but equally often led to dynamic, intimate flurries of insight, energy, humor and understanding.
Remembering the appearance of the Brooklyn Black Panthers on Radio Unnameable back in the day, Fass said, "I kind of like it when people come up a little hostile and suspicious and I and the audience warm them up and win them over by the end of the show."
Community organizers knew they could always count on Fass for airtime to spread word of current crises or upcoming events. He was an ongoing outlet for the unsung, unspun, ignored and unknown.
Fass was a fierce and consistent critic of, as he called it, "Bush's war for oil", and continued to speak out against capital punishment, often putting prisoners who call from jail on the air. Anti-draft protestors would phone from the courthouse after being arrested to ask Bob's audience for help in raising bail. A woman called to say her landlord had set fire to her building, and she had no other place to go—were there any carpenters listening who might help her rebuild?
He returned to the issue of homelessness in New York numerous times, raising awareness about the dangerous city shelters, reporting on the gentrification of many of the city's neighborhoods which traditionally had offered affordable housing, and slamming the city's " assault on rent control." In the mid-1980s, Fass made remote recordings at the tent city the homeless had erected in Tompkins Square Park on the Lower East Side. He went on to work with the Living Theater and members of that community to produce a piece of theater based on their experiences (which included both professional actors and homeless people), called The Hands of God.
At least one suicidal listener called in to receive on-air counseling. In 1971, a man (later identified as Michael Valenti) called in at about 2:45 AM and announced that he had taken three kinds of sleeping pills and was going to commit suicide. Fass spent about an hour and a half talking to the caller live on the air, as other WBAI workers contacted the police and the phone company attempted to trace the call. The police finally found the caller lying unconscious on his bedroom floor. His telephone was off the hook, the radio tuned to WBAI. He was taken to the hospital in critical condition but survived.[20][21] Fass says the man contacted him later and thanked him for being there. The press tried to turn Fass into a hero, but he demurred. When a Daily News reporter arrived at his home, wanting to take his picture, Fass passed him a photo of his colleague, Larry Josephson, through a crack in the door. Josephson made the front page, identified incorrectly as "Bob Fass, WBAI's heroic DJ". Fass later commented that he thought "Larry would enjoy having his picture in the paper".[citation needed]
In his book about life at WBAI, Playing in the FM Band, Steve Post describes Fass as "a gigantic man with receding blond hair and thick black-rimmed glasses, with hands so huge they appeared to dominate his enormous frame. His voice, soft and gentle, which I heard coming from the office monitors seemed somehow detached from his body." Post, who began as WBAI's bookkeeper before hosting a program of his own, The Outside, describes how Fass took him under "his ample wing" and allowed him to watch him at work, teaching him what he knew, demystifying the whole process.[22]
Julius Lester, a former SNCC photographer, recalls being so in awe of Fass that for the first year he did his own program at WBAI people constantly mistook him for Bob.
Larry Josephson, who would become WBAI'S morning man and eventually station manager, remembers the first time Bob motioned him into Master Control: "It was like Dorothy entering Oz."
Fass encouraged dozens of wanna-be DJs. His continuing impact is clear, according to Marc Fisher, author of Something in the Air (Random House, 2007), who says Fass has inspired countless other personalities like Sirius shock jock Howard Stern (who listened to Bob a lot as a kid), Tom Leykis in L.A., and Vin Scelsa, to ride the radio waves.
"I like the idea of sharing, from each according to their ability, to each according to their need," said Fass. "I want to connect people in one city with people in another. I think information can cure almost anything."
"Like many others, Bob wanted to change the world. Unlike many others, he had access to the airwaves and therefore a very real opportunity to do so," says Sand.[citation needed]
In 2005, attorney Neil Fabricant, President Emeritus of the School of Social Policy at GWU, organized a rent party for Fass. "The right wing has spent billions of dollars to revise the history of an era and to distort the collective memory," Fabricant says. He suggests that restoring and properly archiving the 45 years of Bob Fass's program "would be a giant first step in reclaiming that history."
A documentary film about Fass and the show, also named Radio Unnameable, aired on the World Channel series America ReFramed on September 17, 2013.[23]
80 hours of Radio Unnameable have been acquired and are currently available at the Museum of Television and Radio in New York.
Good Evening Cabal, a weekly show on a Florida-based community FM station, is named as a tribute to Bob Fass by its host, Curt Werner, who as a Brooklyn teenager listened to Fass in the 1960s on WBAI. The program, which features music from the 1960s and 1970s, and live interviews with artists and writers from that era, has been on the air for four years on WSLR 96.5 LPFM in Sarasota, Florida. Fass himself appeared as a guest on the show in 2007.[citation needed]
Quotes about Fass
When speaking today to those who listened to Bob Fass regularly throughout the '60s, one can sense an almost spiritual reverence that they still hold for Radio Unnameable. Before the cultural explosion of the mid-1960s- before listening to Radio Unnameable became a ritual shared by the city's counterculture community – those who discovered Fass felt as if they had untapped a passageway into a magical world, and many instantaneously became religious Radio Unnameable devotees.[24]
Broadcast samples
The internet archive has available a sound recording (in various formats) of a program "featuring live interviews with Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman, and Phil Ochs": Bob Fass in Chicago - August 27, 1968
Fass's death was announced via the WBAI Twitter account: "Bob Fass, Legendary Icon, the Father of Free Form Radio who had a program and home @WBAI since 1963, passed away peacefully April 24, 2021. He was 87 years old. We love you Bob. Rest in Peace." Fass's widow stated that Fass, after recently recovering from COVID-19, died of longstanding congestive heart failure.[25]
WBAI has run reruns of Radio Unnameable segments in Fass's former time slot since his death.[4]
Timeline of 1960s counterculture
Playing in the FM Band: A personal account of free radio – Steve Post – Viking Press, 1974, ISBN 0-670-55927-X
"A Radio Station with Real Hair, Sweat, and Body Odor" – The New York Times, Susan Braudy; Sep 17, 1972; Sunday Magazine
"Insurgent Staff Members Take Over WBAI In Coup" – The New York Times, Robert D. McFadden; Feb 12, 1977
Sand, Jay. "THE RADIO WAVES UNNAMEABLE:." 24 Jan. 1996. 28 Aug. 2006 <http://216.149.8.45/fass/>[permanent dead link].
Breslin, Jimmy. "BETWEEN EVANGELIST & a ROCK SHOW, JUSTICE." NY Daily News 29 Oct. 1985.
Engleman, Ralph. Public Radio & TV in America: a Political History. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996. p. 57
Fisher, Marc. Something in the Air. New York, NY: Random House, 2007. pp124–157 [1]
Platzer, David "Some Radio Unnameable Nights with Bob Dylan", The London Magazine December 2004/January 2005
"On Air, a Broadcaster and a Killer Shared a Platform" New York Times, Feb 24, 2008
^ a b c Fisher, Marc, (2006) "Voice of the Cabal", The New Yorker, December 4, 2006
^ a b "Bob Fass Radio Unnameable" Archived September 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Syracuse University News
^ Berger, Joseph (April 25, 2021). "Bob Fass, Pioneer of Underground Radio, Dies at 87". The New York Times.
^ a b Bob Fass Will Be Missed, WBAI
^ Pacifica's WBAI by Jeff Land
^ Gerd Stern, "From Beat Scene Poet to Psychedelic Multimedia Artist in San Francisco and Beyond, 1948-1978," an oral history conducted in 1996 by Victoria Morris Byerly, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2001. Retrieved on August 15, 2008.
^ Engelman, Ralph (April 22, 1996). Public Radio and Television in America: A Political History. ISBN 9781506339689.
^ Gravy, Wavy (1974). The hog farm and friends. ISBN 9780825630149.
^ Fisher, Marc (January 9, 2007). Something in the Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution that Shaped a Generation. Marc Fisher. ISBN 9780375509070. Something In The Air.
^ Scott, A.O. (September 18, 2012). "Rekindling the Spirit of the '60s, Even for Those Who Can't Remember - 'Radio Unnameable,' a Documentary About Bob Fass of WBAI". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
^ a b "OUT, DEMONS, OUT! - On October 21, 1967, the Pentagon came under a most unconventional assault. - An oral history by Larry "Ratso" Sloman, Michael Simmons and Jay Babcock". arthurmag.com. Arthur Magazine. November 2004. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
^ Fisher, Marc (2007). Something in the Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution that Shaped a Generation. ISBN 9780375509070. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
^ ""Radio Unnameable": March 22, 1968 - Grand Central "Yip-In"". Columbia University Library. March 22, 1968. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
^ Listener donation account at AARP Archived July 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (Broken Link)
^ "NYC-based radio station WBAI to go back on the air at midnight". November 7, 2019.
^ Fisher, Marc. Something in the Air: Radio, Rock, and the Revolution That Shaped a Generation. Page 136.
^ "The Legendary Bob Dylan: Democracy Now! Airs Rare Interviews and Songs from Pacifica Radio Archives". Democracy Now. Amy Goodman. May 24, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ Yakas, Ben (May 27, 2012). "Dylan Week: Bob Dylan Battles Callers On WBAI Radio In 1966". gothamist.com. Gothamist. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ Rafferty, Thomas (November 7, 1971). "A Call to WBAI Balks Suicide". New York Daily News.
^ Clarity, James F. (November 7, 1971). "Radio Station Helps in Rescuing Suicide Caller". The New York Times. p. 84.
^ Post, Steve (1974). Playing in the FM Band: A Personal Account of Free Radio. Viking. ISBN 9780670559275. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
^ "Radio Unnameable Movie" - website
^ Robert Altman Photography ~ Sixties: The Players
^ "Longtime NYC free-form alt radio host Bob Fass dies at 87".
^ And somehow, when she said, "What are you looking at?" I said, "Well, I'm not sure why, but you." And she said, "Well, you should see my sister." Her sister was Suze Rotolo, who was Bob Dylan's very best live-in roommate friend at the time. And, you know, I was more than a little interested. And after a couple of weeks, I asked her to, you know, have a cup of coffee with me. And she said, "Alright." And we had the cup of coffee, and I got to know her a little better. And she said, "Do you think that I'm good looking? You should see my sister. And you know who her" — this was on the downlow — "boyfriend is?" And I said, "No." And she said, "Dylan." I said, "The poet?" She said, "No." I said, "Who?" She said, "Bob Dylan." I said, "Bob?" She said, "Yeah. Well, that's not really his — but we'll tell you more about it later."
Bob Fass at WBAI
Radio Unnameable - documentary film website
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text:
Desert Lightning News – Davis Monthan
Home Sports She has a need for speed
She has a need for speed
(U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Grace Lee)
Senior Airman Melissa Franks, 56th Aerospace Medicine Squadron flight medicine medical technician, runs on the track at Luke Air Force Base, Ariz. Franks can run 1.5 miles in 9:15 and has placed first in all the 5-kilometer runs she's attended at Luke in the female category.
LUKE AIR FORCE BASE, Ariz. — She runs the 1.5-mile run in 9:15 and she's placed first on all the 5-kilometer runs she's attended. Like a machine, she zones out and focuses on the task at hand–running.
"I've been running for 15 years," said Senior Airman Melissa Franks, 56th Aerospace Medicine Squadron flight medicine medical technician. "I started running as a means to get in shape for basketball. Believe it or not, I actually hated running when I first started, and I was terrible at it."
She joined the cross country team in her sophomore year of high school.
Franks' outstanding performance in cross-country landed her a running scholarship Yavapai Community College in Prescott, Ariz., for two years, before she went on to run at Canisius College in Buffalo, New York.
"My first year of college I won All-American at our National Championship race, which is the biggest race of the season," Franks said. "That moment was huge for me. It was then I realized my running potential"
For Franks, running has many rewards and benefits.
"Yes, running is hard, and like everyone else, half the time I hate it too," Franks said. "But it's a great way to boost cardiovascular fitness. Working in the medical field and having a bachelor's in exercise and wellness, I know the importance of taking care of your health. I've seen firsthand health complications, both mentally and physically, that can occur from living an unhealthy lifestyle. With experience, I realized how to improve and overcome those 'hard' runs. The feeling of accomplishment that follows from improvement, or my 'runner's high,' is what keeps me coming back for more."
While the training involved to build speed varies, what doesn't change is running regularly.
"When I finally grasped the concept of consistency, that's when I began seeing results," Franks said. "I'm a firm believer in endurance before speed. My training involves running an average 4.5 miles, four days per week. The first few months of running, I run a slow conversational pace. Following, a typical week consists of one conversational paced run, a tempo run which is medium speed, and a sprint workout."
For one Airman, without Franks' support and training, scoring 100 percent on the fitness assessment seemed far away.
"I used to run a little bit in the past, but because of Senior Airman Franks I started running a lot more," said Senior Airman Franko Salazar, 56th Medical Operations Squadron emergency medical technician. "Senior Airman Franks taught me how to pace myself. She also is the one who got me into running. We ran together three to four times per week. She inspires me to push myself and do better. With her help I scored 100% on my last fitness assessment."
For those who have a desire to get better at running but don't know where to start, there is hope.
"Running is half physical and half mental, so it takes practice–lots of practice," Franks said. "As any runner can attest, the first few months are often the hardest. Start small, and don't be ashamed if you have to walk. Most importantly, commit to a routine, stay consistent with your workouts–this is key. Endurance before speed, but remember speed and strength workouts are necessary for improvement as well."
For questions concerning how to improve run times, call 623-856-5902 to speak with Marlyn Shults at Health Promotions.
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