text:
Q: MKMap Annotations when clicked show a View controller instead of Popup box Is it possible to display a View controller with further details of the Map annotation on a new view controller which when popped returns back to the MKMap view with the annotations still on it at that position. I can't seem to find a way in the SDK documentation that seems to indicate that its possible.

A: Found the answer to my own question if you do the following:
What you can do is use an observer instead so in the
- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation

method you can add the code like this:
 //Add an observer for the selected-property on the MKAnnotationView. Delegate to self.
  [annotationView addObserver:self
            forKeyPath:@"selected"
               options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
               context:GMAP_ANNOTATION_SELECTED];

  annotationView.annotation = annotation;
  annotationView.canShowCallout = NO;

then create an observer catch which will call the method to render whatever view when the user clicks the annotation on the screen:
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context{

  NSString *action = (NSString*)context;

  if([action isEqualToString:GMAP_ANNOTATION_SELECTED]){
    BOOL annotationAppeared = [[change valueForKey:@"new"] boolValue];
    if (annotationAppeared) {
      [self showAnnotation:((AssetAnnotationView*) object).annotation];
    }
    else {
      //NSLog(@"annotation deselected %@", ((AssetAnnotationView*) object).annotation.title);
      //[self hideAnnotation];
    }
  }
}

then have your method which displays a modal view or whatever you want:
- (void)showAnnotation:(AssetAnnotationView*)annotation {

  UINavigationController *aNavController = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:self.assetInfoViewController];
    aNavController.navigationBar.barStyle = UIBarStyleBlack;

  [self presentModalViewController:aNavController animated:YES];
  [aNavController release];

}

Unselect in viewWillAppear:
NSArray *selected = [localMapView selectedAnnotations];
  for(id annotation in selected) {
    [localMapView deselectAnnotation:annotation animated:NO];
  }

A: You can also use a tag for every annotation you create. Works for me.


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Kareena Kapoor misses her 'babies' Taimur and Jeh as she recovers in quarantine, curses COVID
Kareena Kapoor misses her 'babies' Taimur and Jeh as she recovers in quarantine, curses COVID
Kareena Kapoor, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 this week, is in quarantine. The actor took to Instagram and wrote an emotional post about how much she misses her sons Taimur and Jehangir.
By: Entertainment Desk | New Delhi |
December 18, 2021 9:06:03 am
Kareena Kapoor Khan with Taimur Ali Khan. (Photo: Kareena Kapoor Khan/Instagram)
Actor Kareena Kapoor, who is currently recovering from COVID-19, is missing her sons Taimur and Jehangir Ali Khan. The actor took to Instagram and shared an emotional post, cursing COVID and trying to motivate herself to get through this difficult phase. Kareena is self-isolating.
Taking to Instagram Stories on Friday, Kareena wrote, "Covid I hate you…I miss my babies (heartbroken emoji) but…soon…will do this (muscle emojis)."
Also Read |Kareena Kapoor Khan dedicates heartwarming post to son Taimur: 'He fixed my mood swings'
On Thursday, Kareena posted a picture of her husband Saif Ali Khan from the balcony of the room she is quarantined in. He stood on the terrace of the building across the street, drinking from a cup. "Ok so we are still…in love in the times of Corona era. Don't forget guys!!! It's lurking," she wrote.
(Photo: Instagram/ Kareena Kapoor)
Kareena and her friend Amrita Arora were diagnosed with Covid-19 earlier this week, after attending a dinner party hosted by Karan Johar. Two other guests, Seema Khan and Maheep Kapoor, also tested positive. Maheep Kapoor's daughter Shanaya has tested positive as well. Kareena's apartment complex was sealed by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) on Tuesday after she received her test results. The BMC said that three buildings have been sealed as per protocols. Karan's apartment complex was also sanitised. On Wednesday, a house help at Kareena's residence also tested positive for the virus. Karan Johar put out a post saying that his house is not a COVID hotspot, and urged the media to report responsibly.
The BMC said in a statement that Kareena and Amrita 'had violated Covid norms and attended several parties'. However, Kareena's spokesperson refuted the allegations and told India Today that the actor has been 'extremely responsible throughout the lockdown period'.
In a social media statement announcing her diagnosis, Kareena had written, "I request anyone who has come in contact with me to please get tested. My family and staff are also double vaccinated. They are currently not showing any symptoms. Thankfully, I am feeling ok and hope to be up and about soon."

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A Portlaoise man with 60 previous convictions has been sentenced to three months in prison for stealing items from parked cars while out on remand.
At last week's district court, solicitor Mr Declan Breen said that Kenneth Kelly, of 22 O'Moore Place, Portlaoise, had been in a "discombobulated state" on the night of January 21 this year due to an intake of alcohol and tablets and had believed that one of the cars he gained access to was his partner's.
The court heard from Inspector Declan Dunne that Kelly broke into two cars at 22 An Cluain, Mountrath, causing €300 damage, before he removed items worth €246. He was found to have a blade on him, and a small hammer.
Mr Breen told Judge Catherine Staines that she would be familiar with Kelly, who has 60 previous convictions and had appeared at the previous week's circuit court charged with breaching a suspended sentence.
Mr Breen said that Kelly was chronically addicted to heroin until September last year, when he developed thrombosis and resolved to do something about his addiction. Due to a "transference of addiction" he then developed an alcohol problem and on the day of the offences had consumed eight to ten cans of cider.
"When his partner came home he was in a discombobulated state," said Mr Breen.
When Kelly's partner left the house he ingested a month's worth of tablets, and Mr Breen said his client claimed to remember sleeping in an abandoned house nearby and the next thing he remembered was being in one of the cars. Mr Breen said that Kelly believed he was in his partner's car and when the injured party approached, Kelly believed the other party was trespassing on his partner's property.
"So it was a total coincidence that on the night he broke into a number of cars he happened to have a little hammer with him?" remarked a sceptical Judge Staines.
The judge went on to say that the circuit court had given Kelly a suspended sentence which he breached, and while on remand he had committed further crimes. She imposed a three-month sentence, with recognisance fixed for an appeal.
Separate public order and drug charges were put back to March 20.


As the dust settles on Google's mammoth hardware event from Wednesday, we're slowly learning more details about the Pixel 2 phones that are heading our way when they go on sale and start shipping in the next few weeks – and one new revelation matches something we've already seen in iOS 11.
The upcoming feature in question will automatically put your Pixel 2 or Pixel 2 XLphone into a Do Not Disturb mode while you're driving, muting notifications and letting you get on with the important job of keeping your eyes on the road.
As spotted by Android Police, Google has released a new app called Pixel Ambient Services, which takes care of the automatic driving detection and gives you the option of having Do Not Disturb activate without any input from you once your phone recognizes that you've started to hit the road.
One potential problem – which affects iOS too – is that your phone won't be able to tell if you are actually driving or if you're sat in the passenger seat trying to queue up some tunes for the long journey ahead. At least the feature is optional so you can disable it if it's causing too many problems.
Do Not Disturb has been around in stock Android for several years now, letting you set 'quiet times' when notifications still appear on your phone but won't cause any kind of vibration or audible alarm.
It looks like the new feature will see if your phone is connected to a Bluetooth car stereo, just like the equivalent option in iOS 11. It's another of those little tweaks – like the always-on music detection on the lock screen – that might tempt you to invest in a Pixel 2 rather than another Android phone.


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text:
Where is the best iron ore mined?
Who owns iron ore in Australia?
How big is simandou?
Where is the most iron in Africa?
Why does China want Australian iron ore?
Who is buying all the iron ore?
Brazil – 400 million tonnes Vale has a strong presence in the country and is currently the world's leading iron ore miner, with annual output reaching 300 million tonnes in 2020. Brazil holds around 34 billion tonnes of crude iron ore reserves, second only to Australia.
Rio Tinto operates twelve iron ore mines in Western Australia, BHP seven, Fortescue two, all of those are located in the Pilbara region.
Which country has most iron?
Percentage of total
1 Australia 37.6%
2 Brazil 16.7%
3 China 14.2%
4 India 9.6%
How long will Australia's iron ore reserves last?
Australia's iron ore resource base is capable of sustaining production for at least six decades, according to the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA).
Simandou is a 110-kilometre-long (68 mi) range of hills located in the Nzérékoré and Kankan regions of southeastern Guinea, in the country's mountainous, forested Guinée Forestière region. At the southern end of the range the site of a large iron ore deposit is currently being developed.
Simandou, a 110-kilometer range of hills deep in the hinterland of Guinea in Western Africa, boasts the world's largest untapped iron ore reserves.
Will iron Run Out?
Iron is the most abundant element on earth but not in the crust. The extent of the accessible iron ore reserves is not known, though Lester Brown of the Worldwatch Institute suggested in 2006 that iron ore could run out within 64 years (that is, by 2070), based on 2% growth in demand per year.
Which country is the largest producer of iron?
Usable iron ore production (1000 tonnes)
World 2,500,000
1 Australia 930,000
2 Brazil 480,000
3 China 350,000
Tokyo | China will boost domestic iron ore production by 30 per cent, significantly ramp up investments in overseas mines and strengthen scrap steel recycling under a plan designed to break Beijing's dependency on Australia's most valuable commodity export.
In the iron ore market, the highest-cost producers are all Chinese. China normally takes around 70% of the seaborne trade in iron ore, or around 1 billion tonnes, but it relies on domestic production for a further 900 million tonnes.
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text:
Avg rating 3.84
Want2buy
172 Hours on the Moon
by Johan Harstad
Original title: 172 timer på månen
Genres: science fiction, thriller, young adult
Tags: translation
The original novel was published in 2008. Translated by Tara F. Chace.
A terrifying thriller for young adult fans of The Martian and paranormal space adventure that will be devoured in one heart-pounding sitting.
It's been decades since anyone set foot on the moon. Now three ordinary teenagers, the winners of NASA's unprecedented, worldwide lottery, are about to become the first young people in space - and change their lives forever. It's the opportunity of a lifetime, but little do the teenagers know that something sinister is waiting for them on the desolate surface of the moon. And in the black vacuum of space... no one is coming to save them.
In this chilling adventure set in the most brutal landscape known to man, highly acclaimed Norwegian novelist Johan Harstad creates a vivid and frightening world of possibilities we can only hope never come true.
About the Author :: Johan Harstad
Johan Harstad is a Norwegian author, graphic designer, playwright, drummer, and international sensation. He is the winner of the 2008 Brage Award (Brageprisen), previously won by Per Petterson, and his books have been published in over 11 countries. In 2009, he was named the first ever in-house playwright at the National Theatre in Oslo. His first novel Buzz Aldrin, What Happened To You In All The Confusion, originally published in Norway by Gyldendal in 2005, was made into a TV series in 2009 starring The Wire's Chad Coleman. Harstad lives in Oslo.
Johan Harstad


Bugs are things on our platform that don't work as expected. Feature requests are new functionality that you will like to see added in the near future.
One of our chief design principles at Thunkable is that our platform should be community-driven by our amazing group of developers.
In the past, it's been hard for us to organize and prioritize your requests on the community forum so we are testing out a new way for users to submit us your bugs and feature requests on Github, the same infrastructure our developer team uses to fix the bugs and build the features that will help you build the apps that you want.
To submit a bug or feature request, please follow the steps below.
For bug reports, please describe your problem in as much detail as possible and if possible, how to reproduce it exactly. Share copy links are always welcome!
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That's it. Our hope is to use your voice as the basis for how we take our platform into the future.


text:
Q: Why is Visual Studio loading a different Javascript file than the one in the solution? I've been working on a fairly simple ASP.net project with some javascript to show and hide some content on the page. Every now and then I'll make some changes to my javascript and they won't show up when I run the project again. Going into debug mode, Visual studio (or internet explorer I guess?) just skips over the changes I made.
This only happened to me once in VS12 and I noticed that the debugger showed a functions(dynamic).js as it went through the steps and a separate functions.js where I had made my changes. I resolved this issue by renaming my javascript file.
My project has moved to VS10 since then and this issue keeps happening more and more frequently.
Any insight as to why this could be happening?

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text:
– About / News & Events / Westminster College appoints Kristen Amick as new registrar
Westminster College appoints Kristen Amick as new registrar
Posted on Thursday, December 1, 2022
Westminster College has appointed Dr. Kristen M. Amick as registrar, the College announced Monday, Nov. 21.
Amick currently serves as associate professor of biology at Westminster College. She will begin her new duties on Jan. 1, 2023, succeeding interim registrar Dr. Rose Reinhart.
As the college registrar, Amick will provide leadership and direction to the Office of the Registrar, which maintains academic records for students, faculty, alumni, and prospective students.
Some of the duties associated with the registrar's office include maintaining the College's class schedule, registering students for classes, preparing grade reports and verifying completion of degree requirements, scheduling classrooms for instructional use and providing official transcripts to current students and alumni.
"Dr. Amick brings substantial knowledge of Westminster's curricula to this role. She also brings a deep passion for students and their learning, which will help her in work that documents student and institutional successes," said Dr. Jamie McMinn, vice president for academic affairs and dean of the College. "I look forward to working with Dr. Amick as she transitions into this important role. Whether her daily tasks focus on course scheduling, handling transcript requests, certifying students for graduation, or reporting institutional data, Dr. Amick is going to be an asset as the College's new registrar."
Amick joined the Westminster faculty in 2018 and was granted tenure in 2021. In addition to teaching courses in connection with the biology, nursing and first-year programs, Amick has also served on various boards and committees including the Instructional Resource Committee, Institutional Review Board, Curriculum Committee, Enrollment Management Council and the Nursing Advisory Board. She also serves as the coordinator for Westminster's individual interdisciplinary major.
She received her undergraduate in biology from Penn State Behrend and her Ph.D. in molecular evolution and bioinformatics from The George Washington University.


text:
Q: Subsetting a Data Frame based on multiple wildcard criteria in R i have a Data Frame called Test1 that contains 230k companies. what i need to do is to subset Tests1 into a new DF called FinalDS.
i have created a list called Customers that contains several name variations of the clients (about 100k) that i need put into my FinalDS DF.
What i am looking for is R to look at my Customers DF and look for the customer name in the Test1 DF but!.... what i need is R to scan the Customers DF and see if it can match any part of the customer name in the Customers DF to the Test1 DF
For example:
i have this customer on the Customers DF:
Centrica PLC
But on the Test1 DF i have Centrica so by difinition there will be no match. i know that i could just make all the customers match by deleting the PLC part from the Customers DF but i have a list of about 100k Customers.
this is the code that i have written:
Customers = c("Adidas","ADIDAS GROUP","ALIBABA GROUP","ALIBABA.COM (EUROPE) LTD"
              ,"Apple Asia Pacific Pte Ltd" ,"APPLE DISTRIBUTION INTERNATIONAL"
              ,"APPLE EUROPE LTD","Apple Sales International"
              ,"AVIVA-PLC","Aviva -Norwich Union"
              ,"Aviva -Norwich Union-MSP","AVIVA PLC"
              ,"AXA TECHNOLOGY SERVICES UK LTD","AXA UK PLC"
              ,"Bank of Baroda","Bank of Baroda"
              ,"BARCLAYS","BARCLAYS BANK PLC"
              ,"BARCLAYS PLC","BRAVURA SOLUTIONS LTD"
              ,"CENTRICA PLC","CISCO"
              ,"Cisco Systems LTD","CSC (NG)-MSP"
              ,"CSC COMPUTER SCIENCES LTD","EMC CORPORATION"
              ,"GE Infrastructure UK Limited","GE MEDICAL SYSTEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES GMBH")

FinalDS = subset(Test1, grepl(paste(Customers, collapse = "|"), Test1$Customer_Name))

All this does is try to match word by word what i have on my Customer list against the Test1 DF
Help Please!

A: How about this?
FinalDS = subset(
    Test1,
    grepl(paste0("(", paste(Customers, collapse = "|"), ")"), Customer_Name))


text:
Q: Character encoding JSP -displayed wrong in JSP but not in URL: "á » á é » é" I have this Web Application in JSP running on JBoss Application Server. I am using Servlets for friendly urls. I'm sending search parameters through my JSP's and Servlets. I am using a form with a text box, the Servlet
The first Servlet uses request.getParameter() to get the text, and sends it to another Servlet with response.sendRedirect (masking the URL to something "friendly"). This final Servlet uses request.getRequestDispatcher().forward() to send the parameters to the JSP in the "ugly" way: searchResults.jsp?searchParameters=Parameters.
Now, when the Search Results page is displayed, the URL displays the correct search term with "friendly url". Example: http://site.com/search/My-Search-Query even when using special characters like: http://site.com/search/Busqué-tildes-y-eñies. But when I try to use that search term in my JSP, the special characters are not displayed correctly.
The whole system uses i18n, and we've had no problems with special characters so far. But when the information is sent through the form (say from index.jsp to searchResults.jsp) special characters are not correctly displayed:
á - á
é - é
í - Ã
ó - ó
ú - ú
ñ - ñ
The whole code base is supposed to be in UTF-8, but apparently I'm missing something when passing the parameters. As I said, they are correctly displayed in the URL, but not inside the JSP.
I was thinking of converting those á manually, but I guess there's a better way to do it correctly, using the correct encoding. Besides, there can be new characters later which I may not be aware of right now (French, Spanish, etc.)
Just in case, I'll let you know I have these lines on each JSP:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
EDIT
Thanks for your answers. I tried a few things, but nothing has fixed the problem.
Here's what I've done:

*

*I added a ServletRequestListener which sets the session's character encoding to UTF-8, and a Filter for every Http request, which does the same.

*As I said, everything in the JSPs is encoded with UTF-8 (see headers in question).

*I printed the Servlets' character encoding to the console, which were null by default, set them to UTF-8 like @kgiannakakis and @saua said.
None of these actions fixes the problem. I'm wondering if there's something else wrong with this...

A: Just a wild guess. Try this inside your JSP/Servlet:
if(request.getCharacterEncoding() == null) {
   request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
}

You need to be sure that the correct encoding is passed to your servlet.

A: response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

A: The problem is that the information sent by the browser hasn't got a well-defined encoding and there's no way in HTTP to specify it.
Luckily most browsers will use the encoding of the page that contains the form. So if you use UTF-8 in all your pages, then most browsers will send all data in UTF-8 encoding as well (and your examples show that that's exactly how it is sent).
Unfortunately the most common Java application servers don't really handle the case (can't blame them, it's mostly guesswork anyway).
You can tell your application server to treat any input as UTF-8, by calling
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

Based on your coding style and the frameworks you use, it might be to late when the control flow reaches your code, so it might be possible to do that in a javax.servlet.Filter.

A: Check out the connecter setting in your tomcat config. There is an option (URIEncoding) you can set to treat URIs as UTF-8. By default they are treated as ISO-8859-1.

A: We had a similar problem. It was solved when all JSPs have been saved with the UTF-8 BOM.

A: Try to set URIEncoding in {jboss.server}/deploy/jboss-web.deployer/server.xml.
Ex:
<Connector port="8080" address="${jboss.bind.address}"
     maxThreads="250" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
     emptySessionPath="true" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
     enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
     connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />

A: First off, I have no idea how to solve this, since I don't know much about Java and JSP.
Having said that: the characters on the right-hand side of your table are the UTF-8 encoding of the left-hand side.
That is, somewhere in your code, you're interpreting bytes as Latin-1 (or whatever your default encoding is), where they actually represent UTF-8 encoded characters...

A: I think the problem might be that the browser does not specify the form post to be utf-8. There is a lot to read about form posts and encodings on the web, multiple web frameworks provide character encoding filters to 'fix' this issue, maybe just like your idea for a fix was - see for example http://static.springframework.org/spring/docs/2.5.x/api/org/springframework/web/filter/CharacterEncodingFilter.html

A: Do you use RequestDumper? If it is configured in deploy/jboss-web.deployer/server.xml then try to remove it and then test your encoding.

A: There are three layers to configure. From what you've described, it sounds like your problem lies in the database configuration.

*

*Browser Display and Form Submission
JSP
<%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>

HTML
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

*Web Server Processing
JSP
<%
  request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
  String name = request.getParameter("NAME");
%>

Same type of thing in a Servlet. See JBoss specific solution as well as complete server independent solution in this answer.

*Database Settings
You may be losing the character information at the database level. Check to make sure your database encoding is UTF-8 also, and not ASCII.
For a complete discussion of this topic, refer to Java article Character Conversions from Browser to Database.


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As promised, Sanctuary will be hosting CrossFit Open Week. This is a great opportunity for all of you to participate and experience all of the 2014 Open WODs. Each day of the week we will perform one of the five Open WODs which will be revealed the at the start of each day.


Avant Garde was a seminal, but somewhat obscure, magazine, launched in 1968, that broke taboos, rattled some nerves, and made more than a few enemies. The brainchild of Ralph Ginzburg, am adventurous publisher, it was the third major collaboration between Ginzburg and Herb Lubalin, the magazine's widely-admired art director.
Now Alexander Tochilovsky and The Herb Lubalin Study Center of Design and Typography at the Cooper Union have digitized the entire run of Avant Garde and made it available on the web.
People who see a drawing in the New Yorker will think automatically that it's funny because it is a cartoon. If they see it in a museum, they think it is artistic; and if they find it in a fortune cookie they think it is a prediction.


text:
Posts Tagged books
William Holmes McGuffey and His Popular Readers
January 12, 2022 Archive Insight
Portrait of William Holmes McGuffey reading a book, circa 1860. / THF110186
William Holmes McGuffey's Eclectic Readers were both successful and influential. Between 1836 (when the readers were first introduced) and 1850, seven million copies of them were sold. During the second half of the 1800s, they became the most widely circulated textbooks in the United States, influencing the outlooks and perspectives of such luminaries as Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, and the Wright brothers. How did the readers come to be, and why did they have such tremendous appeal?
A letter from President Taft to Henry Ford testifying about the importance of McGuffey Readers in his life, 1924. / THF96603
McGuffey's Influences
Many factors contributed to the creation and content of McGuffey's readers, including his heritage, family background, and experiences growing up.
William Holmes McGuffey's family was part of a group of immigrants to America who were often referred to as Scots-Irish (or Scotch-Irish). These people were Presbyterians from the Scottish Lowlands who had migrated to Ulster, in northern Ireland, over several centuries into the early 1700s. Religious restrictions and economic conditions had motivated members of this group to emigrate to America during the 1700s, and many of them settled in Pennsylvania—a colony that offered affordable land for settlement and the assurance of religious freedom. As land became increasingly unobtainable in the East, many Scots-Irish immigrants headed west and south to the edges of European settlement. In these scattered frontier communities, the Presbyterian Church remained a stabilizing force, and its tenets would become a major influence on the later McGuffey Readers.
The McGuffey family followed a similar pattern of migration to other Scots-Irish. William Holmes McGuffey's paternal grandparents, William ("Scotch Billy") and Ann McGuffey, landed in Philadelphia in 1774, then moved farther west to York County, where they purchased land for a small farm. In 1789, they moved again, to Washington County in western Pennsylvania—then considered the edge of the settlement or the western frontier. There, cheap land had recently become available to white settlers (see "William Holmes McGuffey's Birthplace" for more on this). William's maternal grandparents, Henry and Jane Holmes, had also moved to Washington County about this same time. Their farmstead, named Rural Grove, was close to the McGuffey place. This was undoubtedly how William's parents, Alexander McGuffey and Anna Holmes, met.
The McGuffey birthplace as it stands today in Greenfield Village. / THF1969
Alexander and Anna were married just before Christmas 1797. Their first home was the log house now in Greenfield Village. This house, situated on the Holmes farmstead, had likely been Henry and Jane Holmes's initial home before they constructed a larger frame house. Alexander and Anna's first three children were born here: Jane (1799), William Holmes (1800), and Henry (1802).
William's parents played a particularly significant role in young William's life. His restless father, Alexander, embodied the values of individualism, adventure, risk-taking, and making one's own way in the world. His mother, Anna—who was serious, pious, intelligent, and literate—enjoyed the stability of the Scots-Irish community in which they lived.
This 1870 Currier & Ives print of a settler's family and their log home gives an impression—albeit a romanticized one—of what living on the sparsely settled frontier might have been like. / THF200600
In 1802—only two years after William Holmes was born—Alexander's restlessness spurred the young family to move west into the Ohio Territory, to a sparsely settled area known at the time as the Connecticut Western Reserve. Here, the family settled on 160 wooded acres and established a small farm. Five more children were born there: Anna (1804), Catherine (1807), Elizabeth (1809), Asenath (1811), and Alexander Hamilton (1816). William spent his youth on this fairly isolated farmstead on the Ohio frontier.
At the time, the Ohio frontier was considered the edge of settlement—for white settlers, anyway. Although travelers and white settlers at the time described this area as a "howling wilderness" or the "solitary wilds," in fact Native Americans had inhabited the region for thousands of years. By the time Europeans (primarily French and British fur traders) arrived in the 1700s, several Native American tribes had recently moved into the area. These included the Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot, and Seneca-Cayuga—who had all migrated or been forced to settle there during that time from other places in the north, east, south, and west.
A hand-cut silhouette of George Washington, created around the time of his presidency. / THF142004
The influx of American settlers into Ohio with the passage of the Land Ordinance Act (1785) and the Northwest Ordinance (1787) spurred the American government—which had never truly recognized Native rights of land ownership—to evict the Native Americans from these lands. In the 1780s, a series of treaties was attempted. When these proved essentially unsuccessful, a frustrated President Washington decided to use brute force instead. He commanded a successive series of military generals to drive the Native tribes out of Ohio. Eventually, General Anthony Wayne declared victory in 1794 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. (William's father, Alexander, had been involved in this and previous battles in what became known as the Ohio Indian Wars of the 1790s.) The resulting Treaty of Greenville in 1795 pushed Ohio's Native tribes into a demarcated section of northwest Ohio, until they were forced out of Ohio completely in the early 1800s.
In 1795 (the same year as the Treaty of Greenville), Connecticut, which had been deeded the strip of land in northeast Ohio Territory known as the Western Reserve back in 1662, sold this land to a group of speculators. They surveyed the land, neatly dividing it into townships and then assigning land agents who sold individually marked lots to incoming white settlers. Within about ten years, Ohio essentially shifted from "Indian Country" to a territory rapidly filling up with white settlers. In 1803, Ohio became the 17th state admitted to the United States, though the Western Reserve area in northeastern Ohio remained fairly sparsely settled until after the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825. Though only some of William Holmes McGuffey's neighbors were—like him—Scots-Irish Presbyterians from western Pennsylvania, many shared the similar experience of adapting to the Ohio frontier from more settled communities farther east.
McGuffey's Newly Revised Eclectic First Reader, 1848. / THF289925
As part of the 1787 Northwest Ordinance, schooling and education had been encouraged, but the ordinance charter did not create a system for establishing or funding schools. The children of more well-to-do families paid tuition to attend private schools, called academies, where both boys and girls received rudimentary training in classics, reading, writing, and arithmetic.
While education was considered a high priority by New Englanders and Scots-Irish Presbyterians settling in Ohio, many farm families—especially those migrating to the area from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky—often lacked the money and inclination to ensure that their children received a formal education. In 1818, a traveler remarked that the schools in Ohio were very few in number and "wretched" in conditions.
William Holmes McGuffey received a better education than most children raised on the Ohio frontier. In his early years, his mother taught him basic reading, writing, and arithmetic, but she was always attempting to find ways for William to receive more education. She eventually succeeded in finding a school for him to attend in Youngstown, six miles away, run by Presbyterian minister Rev. William Wick, and William quickly developed a passion for learning. At the completion of his studies, Rev. Wick informed William that he had now received enough education to teach others and encouraged him to open a school. As a result, in September 1814, 14-year-old William McGuffey held his first "subscription school" at Calcutta, Ohio, for 48 students. His students, whose parents paid a fee for their instruction, brought their own books, with the Bible being the most common.
Two years later, and for the next four years, McGuffey attended the Old Stone Academy in Darlington, in western Pennsylvania. He then enrolled in Washington College, a Scots-Irish Presbyterian school located in Washington, Pennsylvania—ironically only a few miles from where he had been born. For the next six years, William alternated between working on his family's farm in Ohio, teaching school, and attending classes at Washington. As he tried to educate others in the scattered and isolated settlements of the western frontier, he got a true sense of how desperately children needed an easy, standardized way of learning to read and write.
McGuffey's Eclectic Second Reader, 1836. / THF289931
William completed his formal schooling at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, a Presbyterian school, then taught there for the next 10 years (1826–36). By the 1830s, Ohio's population had grown tremendously, and many public schools were opening. McGuffey saw a great need for a system of standardized education, especially for children of immigrants and those living in the scattered settlements of the West (now the Midwest) and South. In the mid-1830s, Truman & Smith, a Cincinnati publishing company, invited him to prepare a new series of textbooks to be marketed in the Midwest.
McGuffey worked to make his Eclectic Readers interesting and accessible to children, based on his observations while he was a teacher. An important difference from the few earlier textbooks that existed in America was that these were purposefully developed as a series, with each reader intended to be progressively more difficult and challenging than the one preceding it. He completed his first and second readers in 1836 and the primer, third, and fourth readers in 1837. William's younger brother, Alexander, compiled the fifth reader in 1844 and the sixth in 1857.
Cover page of McGuffey's Newly Revised Rhetorical Guide; or Fifth Reader, 1853, owned by Bishop Milton Wright, father of Orville and Wilbur Wright. / THF250428
McGuffey's Eclectic Readers were called "eclectic" because they included stories, poems, essays, and speeches drawn from a variety of sources. The primer and the first two readers consisted mainly of brief, simple tales and lessons. The more advanced readers included excerpts from orations, scripture, and English literature.
When students completed a reader, they moved on to the next level. With time off for harvest and farm chores, rural pupils might get no further than the second reader before completing their education in their mid-teens, which would provide reading skills equal to about a third- or fourth-grade level today.
Inside pages and outside cover of McGuffey's New Second Eclectic Reader, 1865. / THF59806
The McGuffey Readers had a huge impact on American society, especially in the Midwest and South. The books not only taught youngsters to read; they were also often their primary source of information about history, philosophy, and science. For many schoolchildren, the excerpts in the readers from the works of authors like Shakespeare and Wordsworth were the closest they would get in their lifetimes to the Western world's great literature. The stories in the readers also helped establish common understandings, heroes, values, and even expressions among a wide group of Americans. For example, when President Theodore Roosevelt claimed that he did not wish to be a "Meddlesome Matty," everyone knew what he meant. He was referring to a character in McGuffey's fourth reader who snooped and meddled in other people's affairs.
The kind of practical morality that McGuffey advocated in these books was based on his own upbringing and Scots-Irish Presbyterian background. The ideal character traits that were emphasized in the readers—industry, thrift, temperance, kindness, virtue—all reflected Presbyterian values. As the series was updated in 1841, 1844, 1857, 1866, and 1879, the publishers gradually muted its overt religious messages. But they never lost McGuffey's original emphasis on moral instruction.
Over time, critics have attacked McGuffey's readers for such flaws as not addressing the injustices of slavery, referring to Native Americans as "savages," having anti-Semitic and anti-Catholic overtones, and reinforcing the traditional role of women as homemakers. McGuffey himself revised some of his text over successive editions. Still, the readers are of their place, their time, and the background and life experiences of their author.
Henry Ford and McGuffey's Readers
Henry Ford perusing a McGuffey reader inside the McGuffey Birthplace, Greenfield Village, 1940. / THF126110
Henry Ford was among the last generation of children to be educated by the McGuffey Readers. Ford considered McGuffey one of his great heroes because of his ability to spark young imaginations. He believed that the books were successful because they used a narrative approach that spoke to the time and place of readers like himself.
Henry Ford had this reader, originally published in 1885, reprinted in 1930 for use in his Edison Institute Schools. / THF288332
McGuffey Readers had a deep and lasting influence on Henry Ford. They were among the earliest objects reflecting the American experience that Henry Ford collected, beginning in the 1910s. Ford bought every copy that he could find—amassing, by the 1930s, a collection of 468 copies of 145 different editions. A strong believer in McGuffey's educational principles, Ford perpetuated these beliefs by founding the Edison Institute Schools. He even had the readers reprinted so that the children in the schools could use them.
Edison Institute schoolchildren exiting McGuffey School, 1937–40. / THF286354
Ford commemorated McGuffey's role in educational reform by rebuilding his birthplace in Greenfield Village and constructing a school out of barn logs from the original farmstead where McGuffey was born. William Holmes McGuffey School served as the second-grade classroom for the students attending Edison Institute Schools from 1934 until the school system was closed in 1969.
Donna R. Braden is Senior Curator and Curator of Public Life at The Henry Ford.
Henry Ford, childhood, school, education, books, William Holmes McGuffey Birthplace, Greenfield Village buildings, Greenfield Village, by Donna R. Braden
Connecting with Community: What We're Reading and Watching
December 24, 2021 Innovation Impact
Protest Poster, "I Will Listen and Take Action," 2020 / THF610765
In every issue of The Henry Ford Magazine, staff from The Henry Ford suggest books, podcasts, apps, television shows, and websites that have caught their eye (or ear). For the January–May 2021 issue, the selections reflected the issue's theme of "connecting with community," with our staff interpreting this theme through the lenses of social activism, social justice and injustice, and diversity. Check out our picks below.
No! My First Book of Protest by Julie Merberg and illustrated by Molly Egan
I remember sitting on my mom's lap reading my childhood favorite, Dr. Seuss' Yertle the Turtle. Today, I appreciate how books for the youngest readers distill complex stories into compelling images and clear, action-oriented ideas.
My latest read is No! My First Book of Protest. Little ones will enjoy saying "No, No!" with each activist. They will learn that a "No!" followed up with collective action can change the world.
Many social innovators featured on these pages have a home in our collections, programs, and exhibits, including Frederick Douglass, Alice Paul, and Rosa Parks. Judith Heumann, a disability rights activist, is someone I knew less about and was glad to discover. Greta Thunberg has influenced some of our recent collecting, including signs made by students for the climate marches of 2019–2020.
I hope all of us take this book's message to heart: "Great people made big changes when they said 'No, No!' Someday you can protest too (when you've had time to grow)."
--Cynthia Jones, Director, Museum Experiences & Engagement
Make Change: How to Fight Injustice, Dismantle Systemic Oppression, and Own Our Future by Shaun King and Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You by Jason Reynolds and Ibram X. Kendi
The COVID-19 quarantine has allowed me to spend time with family and revisit some of my favorite stress-relieving hobbies, like guitar and Chinese martial arts. But the current political climate has stirred my inner community activist.
Friends recommended the following books to me: Shaun King's Make Change along with Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You. Both reads are very timely and offer insights to solutions and alternatives during this wake-up call for racial and social reform in America.
--Brent Embry, Senior Graphic Designer
black-ish, ABC-TV
This American TV sitcom series chronicles the complexities of raising an upper-middle-class Black family in Los Angeles' white suburbia. While rooted in comedy, the show addresses hard-hitting cultural and social topics that Black Americans face on a daily basis. It is presented in a way that doesn't lose its significance and provides multiple vantage points on Black culture.
I find the show to be very timely and poignant during a time when an overconsumption of political news can be discouraging.
--Anita Davis, Program Manager, Corporate Professional Development
Driving the Green Book, Macmillan Podcasts
The Negro Motorist Green Book has been at the forefront of the cultural psyche for the last three years, but the Macmillan podcast, Driving the Green Book, brilliantly journeys into its roots, from the Underground Railroad to firsthand accounts of racism today, by highlighting Black female entrepreneurship, civic pioneers, and communities, both physical and social.
--Sophia Kloc, Historical Resources Administrator
Community Deconstructed: Recommendations from Our Library
Grow your knowledge about community making, the power of an organized voice, and the role of farming, past and present with these book suggestions from our library collection. For help with access, contact the Research Center.
Farmers' Markets of the Heartland by Janine MacLachlan
Making Local Food Work: The Challenges and Opportunities of Today's Small Farmers by Brandi Janssen
The Claims of Kinfolk: African American Property and Community in the Nineteenth-Century South by Dylan C. Penningroth
Thinking Small: The United States and the Lure of Community Development by Daniel Immerwahr
Historical Roots of the Urban Crisis: African Americans in the Industrial City, 1900-1950 edited by Henry Louis Taylor Jr. and Walter Hill
The Different Drum: Community Making and Peace by M. Scott Peck
My Community: Then and Now by Lynn Bryan
Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations by Clay Shirky
Preserving the Family Farm: Women, Community, and the Foundations of Agribusiness in the Midwest, 1900-1940 by Mary Neth
Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest by Zeynep Tufekci
Frontier Settlement and Market Revolution: The Holland Land Purchase by Charles E. Brooks
This post was adapted from an article first published in the January–May 2021 issue of The Henry Ford Magazine.
African American history, popular culture, TV, The Henry Ford Magazine, books
Kid Lit: Children's Books from Our Collections
December 17, 2021 Archive Insight
Mother Goose Rhymes, 1920–1940 / THF278523
How much do you know about children's books? Earlier this year, The Henry Ford's librarian, Sarah Andrus, shared some highlights from our children's book collection on our Instagram channel as part of our History Outside the Box series, which features material from our library and archives. If you missed that installment, you can watch it below, as Sarah discusses everything from Mother Goose and Aesop's fables to Horatio Alger and Disney books.
History Outside the Box, by Ellice Engdahl, by Sarah Andrus, childhood, books
Reading Rhymes: Poetry in the Benson Ford Research Center Collection
November 19, 2021 Archive Insight
Do you ever wonder what treasures our collections might be hiding? What's one thing you never really associated with The Henry Ford? Is it poetry? Then you are in luck. In November, our Instagram story for History Outside the Box focused on poetry within the collections of The Henry Ford and we are here now to dive a bit deeper into those holdings.
While you probably associate our research library with wonderful texts related to what you see on the museum floor, you may be surprised to learn we also have a small but mighty collection of poetry. Some of these rhyming collections found their way to The Henry Ford by way of some of our favorite people, like this collection of John Milton poems owned by the Wright family.
Book Used by the Wright Family, The Poetical Works of John Milton, 1888. / THF241725
We've also collected poetry surrounding some of our Greenfield Village mainstays, such as the Robert Frost Home. This house was used by none other than poet Robert Frost during his time in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It now lives in Greenfield Village and offers a lasting connection to the poet who still remains in our hearts and syllabi today.
Robert Frost Home on Original Site, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1923. / THF235307
Robert Frost Home in Greenfield Village. / THF1883
Frost is not the only poet that has a lasting connection with The Henry Ford—Henry Ford and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow have a lot more in common than meets the eye. Longfellow wrote one of his best-known collections, Tales of a Wayside Inn, about the Wayside Inn in Sudbury, Massachusetts. This same inn was then bought by Henry Ford with the intention of starting a living history village, similar to Greenfield Village, the one he eventually started here in Dearborn, Michigan.
From Tales of a Wayside Inn by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1863. / THF149892
Henry Ford and Clara Ford at the Wayside Inn, Sudbury, Massachusetts, circa 1923. / THF98987
But we are more than Longfellow and Frost. The Benson Ford Research Center's collection of American poetry is a who's who of everyone you remember from your high school English class. This includes the master of the macabre himself, Edgar Allen Poe. Our copy of The Raven is extra moody, with illustrations by Gustave Doré.
The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe, Published 1884. / THF274358
Just like the rest of the research center's collection, our poetry tries to cover all facets of the American experience. We collect some contemporary words by Black poets, as well as big names of the Harlem Renaissance and a former Poet Laureate.
The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, 1995. / THF278643
Selected Poems by Gwendolyn Brooks, 1963. / THF149899
While we are very much an American history museum, sometimes we find things from across the pond in our stacks. A favorite from our collection is an illustrated copy of Shakespeare's work, complete with sonnets!
The Works of William Shakspere [sic], 1868. / THF149886
Not to be outdone by the masters, ordinary people would send Henry their poems about his cars.
Poem, "The New Ford Car," Sent to Henry Ford by Ethel Cooper, December 12, 1927. / THF274498
And last but not least…. Henry even gave the pen a try as well. Here he has written a sweet poem to his soon-to-be wife, Clara.
Poem, Written by Henry Ford for Clara Bryant, 1886-1888. / THF95972
Please visit our Digital Collections to check out even more artifacts from our collection related to poems and poetry.
Sarah Andrus is Librarian at The Henry Ford.
archives, by Sarah Andrus, books, History Outside the Box
What Are We Reading and Watching?: Books, Apps, and Collections on Play
November 11, 2021 Archive Insight, Think THF
Children play in a boat in this turn-of-the-twentieth-century New York image from the Jenny Young Chandler collection. / THF38259
In every issue of The Henry Ford Magazine, staff from The Henry Ford recommend books, websites, apps, and archival collections that we are enjoying. In the June-December 2021 issue, the recommendations centered around the idea of "play." Read on to find out what we recommended, and why.
The Design of Childhood: How the Material World Shapes Independent Kids by Alexandra Lange
Have you ever noticed how design influences our lives? The Design of Childhood by Alexandra Lange provides an in-depth look into how design and the things and items around us throughout our lives have a direct influence on our development and the way we see and think about the world.
From early childhood, the items we play and learn with—like wooden blocks and LEGO bricks—and the way our homes and cities are designed influence and shape the development and interactions of all of us. As a designer myself, I am fascinated by how things such as simple toys or architecture, from the development of planned communities to the differences between local versus government-built play spaces, can shape our learning and behavior. Now as a parent, I try to give my daughters the best opportunities to learn and grow, allowing them as much free play as I can—even when I am thinking in my head that's not the way to do it.
Lange shines light on the things that we often take for granted and experiences that we don't always realize are working to shape us every day. This book gave me insight into how my kids are seeing the world and how simple things are helping to mold them, from collaborative learning spaces in schools to the evolution of playgrounds in the United States. As Massachusetts Emergency and Hygiene Association's Kate Gannett Wells is quoted in Lange's book as saying, "Playing in the dirt is the royalty of childhood."
The Design of Childhood is one of those texts that has rapidly become a coffee-table book for me, enticing me to pick it up, randomly open it to a page, and dive in.
—Matt Elliott, Head of Creative and Digital Experience
The Noble Hustle: Poker, Beef Jerky and Death by Colson Whitehead
Colson Whitehead's fiction covers topics ranging from the zombie apocalypse and slavery to elevator maintenance. In this nonfiction book, the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award winner recounts his unlikely adventures competing in the 2011 World Series of Poker in Las Vegas. Spoiler alert: He doesn't win anything, but the reader is rewarded by Whitehead's droll look into the world of high-stakes poker.
—Ellice Engdahl, Manager, Digital Collections & Content
ARTLENS Gallery, The Cleveland Museum of Art, and the ArtLens App (available on Google Play and the App Store)
Playing in museums isn't always allowed, but at The Cleveland Museum of Art's ARTLENS Gallery, play isn't just encouraged—it's how you engage with art. Guests can play immersive multisensory games with original artworks and even create their own masterpieces.
The Cleveland Museum of Art's ArtLens for Slack, the channel-based messaging platform, was a finalist for a 2020 Fast Company Innovation by Design Award. The first rapid-response art exhibition app, ArtLens for Slack is designed for remote workspaces, letting coworkers create team-building exercises from their home offices using the museum's collections for inspiration.
Although not everyone lives within easy reach of Cleveland, you can still experience the ArtLens App, which allows you to explore on-view works in the permanent collection both at the museum and elsewhere.
—Olivia Marsh, Program Manager, Educator Professional Development
The Way Things Work (1988) by David Macaulay
My copy of this wonderfully whimsical adventure into the inner workings of our most fundamental inventions is 33 years old now. While the newest edition reveals smartphones and drones, some things never change. The Way Things Work will make the mechanics of a zipper fun again and perhaps help you explain, with fascination, how a differential works during your next kid-sponsored LEGO session.
—Wing Fong, Head of Experience Design & Senior Project Manager
From Our Library and Archives
The Benson Ford Research Center has a number of books, resources, and archival content with playful undertones—from books on carousels, doll quilts, and car games to a collection of coloring books. For help with access, contact the Research Center.
The Carousel Keepers: An Oral History of American Carousels by Carrie Papa
Here Today and Gone Tomorrow: The Story of World's Fairs and Expositions by Suzanne Hilton
Once Upon a Playground: A Celebration of Classic American Playgrounds, 1920-1975 by Brenda Biondo
Coney Island: The People's Playground by Michael Immerso
From Playgrounds to PlayStation: The Interaction of Technology and Play by Carroll Pursell
The Maker Movement Manifesto: Rules for Innovation in the New World of Crafters, Hackers and Tinkerers by Mark Hatch
"I Love Lucy" Cut-Out Dolls, 1953, from The Henry Ford's Paper Doll Collection. / THF94403
Paper Doll Collection, 1850-2008, consisting of both commercially produced and handmade dolls featuring fictional characters, celebrities, politicians and more.
Coloring Book Collection, 1894-1990, consisting of books containing line drawings, primarily for children to paint or color. Many are souvenirs of tourist sites or museums.
Exhibitions and World's Fair Collection, 1848-1986, consisting of a variety of ephemeral materials related to expositions and exhibitions, which were often forums for introducing new ideas.
This post was adapted from an article first published in the June–December 2021 issue of The Henry Ford Magazine.
archives, childhood, design, art, technology, The Henry Ford Magazine, books
Back to School with the Henry Ford Trade School
September 21, 2021 Archive Insight
As students everywhere settle into a new school year, let's take a look back at the Henry Ford Trade School, founded in 1916.
The first six boys and three instructors, 1916. / THF626066
The school was formed to give young men aged 12–19 an education in industrial arts and trades. Boys who were orphans, family breadwinners, or from low-income families from the Detroit area were eligible for training and split their time between classroom and shop.
Henry Ford Trade School students and teachers in classroom, October 31, 1919. / THF284497
Students working on machinery at the Rouge Plant, 1935. / THF626060
The school started at the Highland Park plant, expanded to the neighboring St. Francis Orphans Home, and then to the Rouge plant and Camp Legion.
Henry Ford Trade School building, August 1, 1923. / THF284499
Trade School students on campus at the Rouge Plant, 1937. / THF626062
While students were receiving their education, they were also being paid an hourly wage, as well as a savings balance that was available to them at graduation. Students started off repairing tools and equipment, and as they gained more experience, moved on to working on machinery.
Student repairing goggles, Rouge Plant, 1938. / THF626064
Trade School student at the Ford Motor Company Rouge Plant, August 3, 1942. / THF245372
Students also got four weeks of vacation and daily hot lunches.
Students at lunch in the Rouge B Building cafeteria, 1937. / THF626068
The students were trained in a wide range of courses, both shop and academic, using textbooks created by the trade school. Shop courses ranged from welding to foundry work, and academic classes from English to metallurgy.
Shop Theory, 1942: cover and page 149. / THF626070, THF626075
When Ford Motor Company participated in various World's Fairs, top trade school students were selected to demonstrate their unique style of learning.
Henry Ford Trade School demonstration, California Pacific International Exposition, San Diego, 1935. / THF209775
Students also had time for sports and clubs, including baseball, football, and radio club.
Henry Ford Trade School baseball team and manager, August 1927. / THF284507
Henry Ford Trade School football team, 1923. / THF118176
Claude Harvard with other Radio Club members, Henry Ford Trade School, March 1930. / THF272856
The Henry Ford Trade School closed in 1952. In its 36 years of operation, the school graduated over 8,000 boys from Detroit and the surrounding area. Students graduating from the trade school were offered jobs at Ford but were free to accept jobs elsewhere; among the graduates who later worked for Ford was engineer Claude Harvard (shown above). Other students went on to work in a wide range of endeavors from the automotive industry to arts and design, and even medicine and dentistry.
You can view more artifacts related to Henry Ford Trade School in our Digital Collections, or go more in-depth on our AskUs page. While the reading room at the Benson Ford Research Center remains closed at present for research, if you have any questions, please feel free to email us.
Kathy Makas is Reference Archivist at The Henry Ford. This post is based on a September 2021 presentation of History Outside the Box as a story on The Henry Ford's Instagram channel.
History Outside the Box, books, making, Ford Rouge Factory Complex, sports, education, by Kathy Makas, archives
Ford Methods and the Ford Shops
July 22, 2021 Archive Insight
THF97674
In 1913, Ford Motor Company combined the standardization of interchangeable parts with the subdivision of labor and the fluid movement of work to workers to create the world's most influential assembly line. We are unusually fortunate that two keen observers of industry, Horace Lucien Arnold and Fay Leone Faurote, were there to document it.
Arnold, a correspondent for The Engineering Magazine, grasped the significance in Ford's work and began a series of articles on the company's Highland Park factory. After Arnold's untimely death, Faurote completed and compiled the articles in the 1915 study Ford Methods and the Ford Shops. The book's detailed descriptions, numerous photographs and careful diagrams give us a vivid window into Highland Park at a seminal moment in manufacturing history.
Looking back now, the most remarkable aspect of Ford Methods and the Ford Shops is the liberal level of access Ford gave to its authors. It is difficult to imagine Google or Apple opening their doors to today's press and giving unfettered access to employees, workspaces, and sensitive production figures. The company's cooperation speaks volumes about Henry Ford's confidence in Highland Park. He knew that his methods were far ahead of his competitors, and there was little fear of them catching up too quickly.
Workers place magnets on Model T flywheels, 1913. Fittingly, successful experiments with a moving magneto assembly line "sparked" Ford's adoption of assembly line techniques throughout Highland Park. / THF96001
The assembly line came to Ford Motor Company in stages. Around April 1, 1913, flywheel magnetos were placed on moving lines. Instead of one worker completing one flywheel in some 20 minutes, a group of workers stood along a waist-high platform. Each worker assembled some small piece of the flywheel and then slid it along to the next person. One whole flywheel came off the line every 13 minutes. With further tweaking, the assembly line produced a finished flywheel magneto in just five minutes.
Flow charts and maps in the book illustrated the logical, sequential arrangement of machine tools at Highland Park. / THF600582
It was a genuine "eureka" moment. Ford soon adapted the assembly line to engines, and then transmissions, and, in August 1913, to complete chassis. The crude "slide" method was replaced with chain-driven delivery systems that not only reduced handling but also regulated work speed. By early 1914, the various separate production lines had fused into three continuous lines able to churn out a finished Model T every 93 minutes—an extraordinary improvement over 12½ hours per car under the old stationary assembly methods.
Workers lower an engine into a Model T chassis, 1913. Note that the line is not yet chain-driven. Ford constantly improved the assembly line in search of time and cost savings. / THF91696
The incredible time and cost savings realized through the assembly line allowed Henry Ford to lower the Model T's price, which increased demand for the car, which then prompted Ford to seek even greater manufacturing efficiencies. This feedback loop ultimately produced some 15 million Model Ts selling for as little as $260 each.
The peak annual Model T production of 1.8 million in 1923 was still years away when Arnold and Faurote made their study. They did not capture Ford's assembly line in a fully realized form. In fact, the line never was finished. It existed in a state of flux, under constant review for any potential improvements. Adjusting the height of a work platform might save a few seconds here, while moving a drill press might shave some more seconds there. Several such small changes could yield large productivity gains.
Ford Methods and the Ford Shops captures a manufacturer that has just discovered the formula for previously unimagined production levels. The assembly line is groundbreaking, and Ford knows it. The company's openness with its methods, and Arnold's and Faurote's efforts to document and publicize them, helped make the Model T assembly line the industrial milestone that we still celebrate more than a century later.
Matt Anderson is Curator of Transportation at The Henry Ford. This post was adapted from a 2013 post in our Pic of the Month series.
research, Model Ts, cars, Ford Motor Company, manufacturing, by Matt Anderson, Henry Ford, books
The Muppet Christmas Carol: A Merry Marriage of Muppets and Dickens
July 5, 2021 Archive Insight
Muppet Christmas Carol Kids' Meal Toys, 1993 / THF304874, THF304875, THF304876
Released in 1992, The Muppet Christmas Carol was the first Muppet film produced after Jim Henson's death in 1990. His son Brian, along with his siblings, had taken over the company. Brian had previously worked on several of his father's projects, including building the first penguin puppet for The Muppet Show, helping create the bicycle sequence in The Great Muppet Caper, and providing voices for the film Labyrinth (as Hoggle) and the TV series The Storyteller (as Dog).
Bill Haber, the Hensons' agent, was the first to pitch the idea of creating a version of A Christmas Carol. While Brian—who was interested in continuing his father's work, but wanted to avoid too much of a direct comparison—considered the idea, Haber took the initiative to sell the rights to ABC TV, who planned to make a television film. When longtime Muppet writer Jerry Juhl submitted his final script for approval, however, executives at Walt Disney Pictures opted to purchase it and make it into a feature film.
1876 edition of Christmas Stories, which included A Christmas Carol / THF624009
Charles Dickens's novella A Christmas Carol, first published in 1844, was hugely popular during its time. The first edition, published on December 19th, sold out by Christmas Eve, and four more editions would follow by the end of the year. During his lifetime, Dickens would adapt the piece for public readings, which he himself would perform until his death in 1870. Stage productions would soon follow, and even today it is common to see A Christmas Carol on offer from theater companies during the holiday season. The earliest surviving screen adaptation is Scrooge, or Marley's Ghost, from 1901. Between then and 1992, 14 other adaptations had hit the silver screen, and the plot of A Christmas Carol was familiar to many, even if they had not read the original story.
Portrait of Charles Dickens, 1865-1870 / THF121158
Originally aiming to make The Muppet Christmas Carol into a parody of the original story, in keeping with the irreverence for which the Muppets were famous, Henson and Juhl soon realized that no previous film adaptations had truly captured Dickens's prose. Rethinking their approach, they decided to cast Gonzo in the role of Charles Dickens, and make him the omniscient storyteller—a device that not only allowed them to include dialogue that was 95% faithful to Dickens's original work, but also mirrored the earlier public readings of the story. Rizzo the Rat joined in as Gonzo's sidekick and a form of Greek chorus, interjecting often-humorous commentary throughout the film.
Gonzo as Charles Dickens, Kids' Meal Toy, 1993 / THF304876
Having decided on this approach, it was time to "cast" the rest of the story's characters. As Brian Henson explained in a 2015 interview, "Bob Cratchit was a natural role for Kermit. He was almost playing himself." The role of Mrs. Cratchit went to Miss Piggy, Tiny Tim was assigned to Robin the Frog, Fozzie Bear became Fozziwig (previously known as Fezziwig in Dickens's original), and Statler and Waldorf served as the ghosts of the Marley brothers (a notably drastic change from the original, where there is only one Marley ghost—yet a necessary one, as you can't have Statler without Waldorf, or vice versa). Other Muppets filled out the rest of the supporting cast, and brand-new Muppets were created for the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Future, to detract less from the ghosts' ominous nature.
Kermit the Frog as Bob Cratchit, Kids' Meal Toy, 1993 / THF304874
The one principal human actor in the production was Michael Caine, who played Ebenezer Scrooge. Upon accepting the role, Caine said, "I'm going to play this movie like I'm working with the Royal Shakespeare Company. I will never wink, I will never do anything Muppety. I am going to play Scrooge as if it is an utterly dramatic role and there are no puppets around me." This choice continued the tradition of blending the world of the Muppets with the real world, seen in other Henson projects such as Labyrinth, Sesame Street, and Fraggle Rock, arguably adding to the "realness" and accessibility of the works and worlds Henson created.
Although it opened to mixed reviews, and achieved only modest box-office success, the film went on to become a beloved part of the Muppet filmography. For some, the appeal lies in its faithfulness to Dickens's original story. Others appreciate the film's songs, written by Paul Williams (who also wrote "The Rainbow Connection"). For many, though, the best way to sum it up is that the film is simply delightful, marrying the best of the Muppets with the traditions of Dickens. In doing so, The Muppet Christmas Carol serves an example of the power of imagination to transform the familiar into something totally new.
Tiny Tim's famous final line in A Christmas Carol, "God bless us every one," featured on the title page of Christmas Stories, 1876 / THF624011
Rachel Yerke is Curatorial Assistant at The Henry Ford.
holidays, popular culture, Muppets, movies, Christmas, by Rachel Yerke, books
How Baseball Became the National Pastime
June 9, 2021 Archive Insight
The Base Ball Player's Book of Reference, by Henry Chadwick, 1867 / THF214794
Almost 40 years before Major League Baseball's first World Series, the city of Detroit hosted the "World's Tournament of Base Ball."
On July 14, 1867, the Detroit Free Press carried an announcement of the tournament, which was held at the grounds of the Detroit Base Ball Club from August 14 to August 21. The international tournament attracted teams from Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Ontario. When Detroit hosted the World's Tournament in 1867, it announced it would abide by the rules as published in Henry Chadwick's book, Haney's Base Ball Player's Book of Reference. Chadwick and Albert G. Spalding were the two individuals who helped baseball achieve national prominence.
Trade Catalog, "Black Band" Spalding Bat / THF624007
Chadwick, a New York sportswriter, immigrated to the United States from England as a boy. He reported on baseball games and created a system for scoring games that continues to appear in sports pages today as the box score. Chadwick also authored a number of instructional books on how to play the "national game." Books such as Chadwick's helped create a uniform game, and promote baseball as acceptable recreation for men, and appropriate for men, women, and children to watch. Chadwick also authored the annual publication Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide until his death in 1908.
Player with Spalding Bat / THF94414
Albert G. Spalding started his baseball career as a player, and later became a manager and president of the Chicago White Sox, which at the time was part of the National League. Spalding also created a popular sporting goods company, specializing in baseball equipment. The popularity of Spalding equipment is represented in photographic images from the late 1800s. The individual player shown above has a Spalding bat, and Spalding bats may be seen in the team photograph below of the Round Oak Club of Dowagiac, Michigan.
Round Oak Club, Dowagiac, Michigan / THF94416
In the early 20th century, Spalding and Chadwick put forth different versions of the origins of the game of baseball. Chadwick had long asserted that baseball developed based on British bat and ball games, such as "rounder." In an era of American nationalism, Albert Spalding hoped to find an American source for the game. He cajoled professional baseball to appoint a commission in 1905 to investigate the origins of the game. Chaired by A.G. Mills, the commission received a letter from a Denver, Colorado, engineer by the name of Abner Graves, asserting that Graves was present when Abner Doubleday developed the game in Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. Chadwick responded with evidence detailing the history of English bat and ball games without avail. Spalding's zeal to establish baseball as a purely American game, and his connections within the commission, compelled the group to recognize the circumstantial evidence and acknowledge Doubleday as baseball's founder.
If only someone had bothered to research Doubleday's life, it would have revealed that he was at West Point in 1839, and could not have devised baseball in Cooperstown, as many now believe. In actuality, games of baseball (or "base ball," as it was spelled into the early 20th century) were reported in newspapers in the 1820s. The Knickerbocker Club of New York is credited with formulating the nine-player team format that eventually led to the formation of the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1858. Pitching was done underhanded and balls caught on the fly or the first bound were outs. The rules continued to evolve into the game that is now America's pastime.
You can watch Historic Base Ball in Greenfield Village weekends this summer, or attend the World Tournament of Historic Base Ball on August 14–15 in Greenfield Village. The Greenfield Village Lah-De-Dahs and their opponents abide by the rules in our copy of the rare Haney's Base Ball Player's Book of Reference, just as the players in the 1867 tournament did. Visit the artifact's page in our Digital Collections to read the whole book.
Leo Landis is former Curator at The Henry Ford. This article was adapted from the April 2003 entry in our previous "Pic of the Month" online series.
events, books, Michigan, Detroit, sports, Greenfield Village, Historic Base Ball, baseball, by Leo Landis
Frederick Birkhill: The Spark That Ignited a Career
April 30, 2021 Archive Insight, Think THF
Detroit native Frederick Birkhill can recount numerous memories of his time at The Henry Ford and Greenfield Village as a child. He can remember riding his bike through the village, taking in all that its history and grounds offered. Truly enamored with Liberty Craftworks, he spent most of his time there, observing the artisans perfecting their crafts.
During one school field trip, his class observed employee Neils Carlson giving a glassblowing demonstration. From five feet away, the students watched Carlson pull and shape a hot, glowing blob into a graceful swan. This was the exact moment that Birkhill fell in love with glassmaking and knew he wanted to learn everything about it. After the demonstration, he bought one of the glass swans for his mother and studied it whenever he could.
Frederick as a child with a camera, circa 1959. / Photo by Dr. F. Ross Birkhill, courtesy Frederick Birkhill
Few people can pinpoint the place where they found their passion. Frederick Birkhill can. Anyone who comes to The Henry Ford can find something that excites them and sparks their future passions. That single experience in the Glass Shop stuck with Birkhill and led him on a path to a very successful career as an artist. Because of Neils Carlson, Birkhill's thirst for knowledge took off, leading him to study in England, elsewhere in Europe, and at what is now the College for Creative Studies in Detroit and the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
In the early years of his career, Birkhill was an employee of Greenfield Village and worked in the Tintype Studio. During his tenure, he was able to study and learn about glassblowing, stained glass, photography, daguerreotypes, and tintypes from various artisans around Liberty Craftworks and metro Detroit. At the time, The Henry Ford was one of the only places in the United States where one could learn about tintype photography and other specialized crafts. Birkhill created some of his first daguerreotype photos of scenes at The Henry Ford. One of those early daguerreotypes of Greenfield Village's Farris Windmill was later acquired by the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.
"The Windmill at Greenfield Village, 1972," daguerreotype created by Frederick Birkhill, in the collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of American History / Photo courtesy Frederick Birkhill
In addition to learning about different media during his time working in the village, Birkhill was able to use his skills and artistry to teach an array of subjects at The Henry Ford, including classes he developed on the history of glass and stained glass.
Birkhill also collaborated with David Grant Maul, another former employee. Birkhill acquired a special tool from Maul that allowed him to hold hot glass so he could effectively complete flame-worked glass objects. This tool was the catalyst for a successful career in flame-worked glass and furnace glass. Our Glass Shop includes a furnace that allowed Birkhill to learn both specialties.
Frederick Birkhill is a renowned artist, inventor, educator, and historian whose international career continues to this day. His work can be seen at the Corning Museum of Glass, Museum of Arts and Design, Detroit Institute of Arts, the Mint Museum, the Smithsonian, and the Stamelos Gallery Center at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, as well as in private collections around the world. Never once has Birkhill forgotten the place that sparked his curiosity and put his ideas into motion—The Henry Ford.
Frederick Birkhill flameworking in his studio. / Photo by Henry Leutwyler, courtesy Frederick Birkhill
Now, after several decades as a glass artist, an artist's monograph, Glassworks: The Art of Frederick Birkhill, has been published by The Artist Book Foundation. An extensive colorplate section includes the lavish photography of Henry Leutwyler, showcasing Birkhill's work in complex detail as well as his artistic mastery of glass. A copy now resides in The Henry Ford's Benson Ford Research Center. We are honored to have Frederick and his wife, Jeannie, as friends of The Henry Ford.
Caroline Heise is Annual Fund Specialist at The Henry Ford.
Greenfield Village buildings, The Henry Ford Effect, photography, Michigan, making, Greenfield Village, glass, education, Detroit, by Caroline Heise, books, art


text:
The Entire World is a Family
- Maha Upanishad
The Barefoot Odyssey of an Indian Cyclist
Murukesh Krishnan
Datta Patil is a pot-bellied farmer who has been ripping through trails sans shoes all his life. He is an unspoken hero in the mountain biking community, embodying true grit and passion
From a remote district in the western state of Maharashtra in India to the mountains of Switzerland, for 43-year-old Dattatreya Patil, a grape farmer from Sangli, it's been a journey through mud, dirt, pain and passion. What makes Datta 'bhau' ('brother' in Marathi) special is his barefoot odyssey. He hasn't used footwear his whole life! (Sangli is about 380 km southeast of India's financial capital Mumbai.)
Patil as an 11-year-old had to cycle many miles to get essentials for his family, something still quite common for rural communities in India. This compulsion turned into passion, and he took up cycling as a sport – walking, running, cycling along the road and through the hills. All of it shoeless!
Thirty years on, Datta Patil today runs his own cycling club where he trains over 30 children for free. His day begins at 3am. A quick warm up and he hits the tar with the steel machine for an early morning ride. By the time his rookies arrive at 6am, he'll be back after a 100km outing. With his students, he pedals an additional 50km. Patil's training methods have inspired many to take up cycling in India.
A routine exercise for him is a strict 'no-no' for many. How can someone go barefoot on a bicycle, exposing their feet to injury on sharp pedals and over hostile terrain? According to Patil, he enjoys it that way, and he also proclaims that he's not taken any medication for the last 25 years.
I met this 'wonder on wheels' during the 2013 MTB Himalaya event in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India's major mountain biking competition. The cool breeze and the sprawling lush, green mountains, the sun peeping through the clouds set the mood for a lovely day and a phenomenal week ahead. With participants still flocking in and registering for the competition and many things happening around, the whole camp was abuzz. Some riders could be spotted doing the last minute overhaul of their bikes, while others chatted and mingled with the crowd. A lot of them were familiar with each other and the rest kept busy exchanging ideas and profiles.
Image © Faiyaz Hawawala | The Outdoor Journal
Amidst all this hullabaloo, there was a precipitous rush of people around one gentleman, extending their greetings. Their euphoria was pretty evident in their sparkling eyes. A layman could mistake him for a local celebrity or politician. I went in close to look at him. There was a man – pot-bellied, unkempt hair and with stubble – standing next to a bike, dirt splashed all over its body and wheels. A quick look at the guy and you'd be convinced that he wasn't a celebrity, he looked more like some local who might have come over to the camp to cheer the riders. No wait! He was wearing a MTB Himalaya jersey. That was strange! Maybe he was a participant… But why was he barefoot? There was something peculiar about this person.
The kind of welcome this guy got led to a series of questions that reverberated in the air – who was this person and where he was from – most importantly, why was he barefoot?
"Don't you know Dattabhau? He's an icon and an inspiration to all of us. This is his eighth MTB Himalaya and over the years, he's been one of the reasons why this event has grown in participants", said Kirtiraj Parmar, one of the riders.
"He rides barefoot!"
What do you mean by a barefoot rider? There are rocks, mud, thorns along the trail. That's unreal!
After greeting everyone, he parked his bike along the hotel wall and made his way towards the lobby. Following him in tow, armed with a pen and notebook, the ambiance seemed perfect for a close interaction. After the registration formalities, he reclined in a couch nearby and started fiddling with his mobile. I walked up to him, "Hello Dattabhau. Would you mind if I asked you a couple of questions?"
"Haan haan, pucho na (Of course, go ahead)". he said with a smile.
"I'm sorry for my ignorance, but why are all these people so excited to see you? Tell me something about yourself. I want to know everything about you."
He smiled and began his tale.
At 11, he learnt how to balance a cycle. Thirty years later, the Sangli farmer had ridden thousands of kilometres across the country. Last year, he pedalled all the way from Sangli to Panipat for a social cause – 'Save The Girl Child'. Earning just enough to support a family of six with a monthly income of 15,000 INR, Patil still takes out time to follow his passion. "That's the only consistent thing I've done all my life", he says. "Cycling takes me to a different world, it gives me joy and the will to fight adversities. Everyone has some problem or the other in their life but they need to find a way to breathe easy. For me, cycling does that."
His cycling club has been organizing trips to various destinations – from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari far south. As he trains them for competitions free of cost, he goes around looking for sponsors to fund the trips. And if he fails to do so, he pumps in funds on his own, whatever little he has. Every year, Datta Patil confers a Swami Vivekananda Young Achiever award to the most prolific cyclist in his club and makes sure she or he gets the right exposure and training to go places where he couldn't.
In 2010 and 2011, he cycled around 2,400 kms over 16 days from Sangli to Shimla to participate here, another 500 kms over another 6 days! A regular in the Masters Category here, he was 2nd and 3rd in 2010 and 2011 respectively, the same years he pedaled all the way from his village. A finisher in all his previous MTBH appearances (2006-2012), he didn't disappoint this year either. Right through the competition, I had my eyes set on Patil and it was phenomenal the way he returned to the camp everyday, unscathed and raring to go. He didn't carry a Camelbak, nor did he have any gear to protect his hands and feet from the treacherous trails. But he was always charged up for the next day.
Patil has been training kids in Maharashtra for the past 18 years, and each year he brings his best student to participate at MTBH. He lives a simple life but when on the saddle, he's a warrior. That's what makes him a champion…and a legend.
Place: Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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This is from Tea Party Nation E Mail I received this AM.
If you have read my previous columns on the subject of Boehner and the spineless GOP, all I have to say here is ditto and we are done.
It is time for the Tea Party to act. We have said this before and we need to make them listen. All of the members of congress are up for election in eighteen months. We need to remind the 84 republican freshmen how they got there and for the other members of congress, we need to remind them, they are not a shoe in for reelection. We have a primary election process and we the people are not happy.
I am calling my Congressman today. I have known her since before she was elected to Congress and well before the Tea Party movement got started. I am going to have one simple message for her. If you support this bill that only cuts $33 billion from the budget, I am going to support someone in a primary against you.
As for Boehner, there is no compromise.
The people of America elected Republicans to cut the budget. The message was overwhelmingly clear. Obama, Pelosi and Reid are driving America off of a fiscal cliff. The American people wanted the Republicans to put the brakes on. All John Boehner is doing is watching the scenery go by and lighting another cigarette.
Boehner must go. The Tea Party must unite and make sure Boehner is replaced in the next election. Boehner is living proof of something I have said for a long time. It is not enough that we vote out bad leaders, we must replace them with good leaders. Getting Nancy Pelosi out of the Speaker's seat was a good thing. Unfortunately, her replacement has not been very good. We need people in leadership who are committed to cutting spending and eliminating these programs.
That is not John Boehner. Apparently, he's just another Washington good old boy, who, after 20 years in DC, has lost touch with America.
Our ultimate strategy here needs to be to make sure the debt ceiling is not raised. If we can win on this one, Congress will be forced to make changes. This is a message that, unfortunately, few leaders in the Tea Party have been carrying. We have been talking about it here at Tea Party Nation for quite a while; probably to the point some people are tired of hearing about it. Our friend, Joseph Farah over at World Net Daily has been really pushing this issue. According to Farah, all we need are 218 Republicans in the House to say no and the debt ceiling does not get raised. There have been a number of defections from Boehner on the budget process to date. All we need is 218 members of congress to say no and we will have a balanced budget. It will have to happen since Congress will not be able to borrow more money.
In the last few days, we have seen the messaging from the left. The Tea Party is fading. The Tea Party's negative ratings are rising. The Tea Party is "extreme." The Tea Party is an obstacle in the path of compromise.
Extremism in defense of our country and stopping those who will bankrupt her is no vice, and compromise with those who would spend us into poverty is no virtue.
Maybe it's time to start thinking about wrapping and soaking the torches and sharpening the pitchforks.


text:
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human antibodies capable of binding to animal immunoglobulins and possibly of interfering with reaction of animal-derived antibodies and analyte, which comprise all immunoassays. The three groups of heterophile antibodies are polyspecific antibodies, antiimmunoglobulin antibodies, and high-specificity high-affinity antibodies against antigens from animal species. In clinical practice, the most important significance of heterophile antibodies is their use in diagnosing infectious mononucleosis.
31) Immunoglobulin M- and IgA-specific reagents are not readily available, owing in part to their tendency to interact with heterophile antibodies, but are under development and likely to become commercially available in the future.
Clinicians should be aware of the characteristics of cardiac troponin assay performance that may be of a general analytical nature, such as interference in the assay from heterophile antibodies (4), as well as those related to specific features of cardiac troponin biology or the assay used.
Heterophile antibodies are human antibodies with the ability to bind to animal immunoglobulins, thereby possibly interfering with the interaction between animal-derived antibodies and the antigen [hCG in our discussion], which are components of all immunoassays.
The monospot test is a latex assay that causes hemagglutination of horse RBCs in the presence of heterophile antibodies characteristic of infectious mononucleosis.
determination latex heterophile antibodies associated with infectious mononucleosis.
Heterophile antibodies appear in 60% of patients with IM within the first and second weeks, and in 80-90% by the first month.
Heterophile antibodies, specific auto-antibodies or rheumatoid factor can interfere in numerous immunoassays, by binding to reagent antibodies or particles, causing falsely increased or decreased results (Fig.
Typically it isn't until the second week of illness that the heterophile antibodies are made, and they can persist for 6 months or more.
For a final investigation of the possibility of heterophile antibodies, the HBT treatment and Roche human anti-mouse antibodies procedure were done on a separate patient sample (Table 5).
Two validating cohort studies assessed the accuracy of several commercially available test kits for the detection of heterophile antibodies (eg, "Mono spot" tests).
What test is the best for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis?
Publications regarding the lack of analytical specificity owing to confounders, such as heterophile antibodies and rheumatoid factor, date back to the early 2000s after the initial introduction of cardiac troponin assays.
In addition, humans naturally produce human anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies or heterophile antibodies that can cross-react with and bind animal antibodies.


text:
It's not what life
throws at you...
It's how you deal with it
that counts.
Danny Porter Foundation believes successfully battling cancer requires positive support.
It's one thing to be positive and defy the odds with everybody you know behind you and showing their support, but another to face the challenge alone, or with family and friends who are unable to give as much support as they would like due to location, financial concerns or other barriers.
Dan's battle with cancer.
Danny Porter was 31 when he was diagnosed with ACC (Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma), a rare form of cancer. He battled it from May 2005 until February 2018, when he passed away. During that time he endured several operations, which involved a 'brain lift', the loss of his right eye, and most of the bone structure in the right-hand side of his face including much of the roof of his mouth. He also underwent numerous rounds of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and HIT carbon ion and proton radiotherapy.
HELPING GOOD CAUSES
Immediately after his first surgery, Dan arranged a charity rugby match, attended by over 2000 spectators, in Sheffield. Dan's team included England World Cup-winning captain Martin Johnson, professionals including Neil Back, Tim Stimpson, Freddie Tuilagi, and a selection of Dan's friends. A total of £20,000 was raised for Weston Park Hospital and Neurocare. And Danny Porter Foundation was born. Since 2005 the charity has raised over £120,000 for cancer-related causes. The Danny Porter Foundation is now continued as a legacy to a great man, with family, friends, colleagues, and supporters keeping it alive and raising money in Dan's name.
Recognition for charity work
In 2012 Dan was honoured to carry the Olympic torch for a leg of its journey through South Yorkshire. And in 2018, his services to charity were recognised when he was awarded an MBE.
Danny Porter Foundation In Numbers
100'S
PERSONAL FUNDRAISERS
+£120k
Email: info@dannyporterfoundataion.com