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text:
Q: How can I keep a rotation count for a SKNode I am trying to come up with a way to accumulate the rotation of a SKNode. For example, if a node is rolling down a hill (circular physics body), I want to know how many rotations it has made, or an accumulated angle. I will need it to increment when rotating one way and decrement the other.
I have thought of keeping track of the node's zRotation and on every update updating a count when it passes over from >0 to <0, but that seems hacky since I have to come up with some sort of range to check and it can miss a rotation from either a fast spinning node or low frame rate.
any advice would be awesome!
edit: this is my solution, it works perfectly for my purposes
-(void)update:(CFTimeInterval)currentTime {
    //get CurrentAngle (-pi to pi)
    float currentAngle = _wheelSprite.zRotation;
    if (currentAngle<0) {
        //change angle format (0 to M_PI*2)
        currentAngle+=M_PI*2;
    }

    //calculate angle change
    float change = currentAngle - _lastAngle;
    if (change>M_PI) {
        change-=2*M_PI;
    }else if (change<-M_PI){
        change+=2*M_PI;
    }

    //update last angle
    _lastAngle = currentAngle;

    //update actualWheelAngle
    _actualWheelAngle += change;
}

A: What I would do is create a variable that gets incremented/decremented with the zRotation change each frame. Then dividing that value by 360 would give you the amount of rotations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Skift Global Forum: Recap and Key Takeaways
By Katie Riddle|October 10, 2018
J. Allen Smith, president and CEO of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts
On September 27 and 28, I was fortunate to have been able to attend the Skift Global Forum in New York, a whirlwind of travel luminaries, networking and, of course, food. If you're not familiar with Skift, it's the largest travel intelligence platform in the world, providing research, insights and journalism covering the latest in trends, news and innovation. Here are some top-line messages:
Reducing friction is an industrywide goal.
Large industry providers, such as Google and Marriott, have created a wide variety of tools for their customers, but the key will be to bring them all together in one seamless ecosystem. TripAdvisor has grown from a humble hotel review site to a price comparison engine, restaurant guide, and attraction and experience portal. But the question remains: How will they create a user experience that serves the right content or interaction at the right time and in the right channel? TripAdvisor CEO Steve Kaufer asked the question in a slightly different way:"How do we lay the groundwork to delight the traveler for all phases of the trip truly?"
Brand strategy is top of mind for the industry behemoths.
My favorite question for large hotel companies is "Why do you need so many brands?" There is a struggle to clearly differentiate each brand offering in a brand family from each other, let alone from the competition. I was lucky to be able to ask Arne Sorenson, Marriott International president and CEO, about his 30 brands. He admitted that there is duplication in the Marriott portfolio, mainly brought about by the acquisition of Starwood in 2016. He said that he would wait to see how those competitive brands settled out over the next few years before considering consolidation. He also said that geography would drive brand expansion in the foreseeable future; he would consider acquiring brands in Asia to open up key markets.
In contrast, J. Allen Smith, president and CEO of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, has this answer for potential buyers: "Thanks, but no thanks." Although the brand would likely be attractive to buyers, it is off the table. "We're obviously a unique single brand focused exclusively on luxury," he said. "We've remained very true to that, and for the time being I expect we will continue to," Smith said.
Travel advisors provide value beyond the transaction.
Although travel advisors aren't for every traveler for every trip, they're definitely thriving in the niche areas of luxury and specialty travel. Artificial intelligence is doing the transactional element more efficiently, leaving time for the advisor to really get to know the client and provide personalized services. "[Agents] who were like human vending machines have gone away, and the ones [who] focused on providing value have thrived," said Matthew Upchurch, CEO of Virtuoso. An interesting parallel was drawn between the rise of the personal financial advisor and the travel advisor. Both are headed by a lead who owns the relationship, but who can leverage a wide variety of specialists to create tailored experiences. This ensures that guests always get the vacation of their dreams, cementing the travel advisor's role in the industry.
Good things come in small packages.
It was really interesting to hear JetBlue President and Chief Operating Officer Joanna Geraghty's perspective of her boutique airline, which has only 5 percent of the U.S. market. She said when she tells people where she works, the reaction is generally "Oh my God, I love JetBlue … That love and sense of feeling toward a brand, I think, is frankly absent when you think about some of the other airlines in the industry," she said. Although criticized recently for raising fees for checked bags, she said that when forced to make hard choices, they put the customers' needs first. "… nobody likes fees," she said. Fees, however, are necessary, Geraghty explained and added, "We're going to be competitive in fees, and we're going to win on product and the service that we offer." The trade-off was getting to keep what differentiates JetBlue from its bigger competitors: better service, free Wi-Fi and entertainment, more legroom, and unlimited snacks and drinks.
VAWAA.com
A lot of the innovation in the travel industry is coming from small startups that are reimagining what it is to experience something. The currency of travel has shifted away from Instagram-worthy but trite shots of beautiful beaches toward rarity and uniqueness. This is why Geetika Agrawal, CEO of Vacation with an Artist, started her company, which offers personal lessons from master artists and craftspeople from all corners of the world. "We want to learn directly from the masters that have been shaping our cultures for generations," she said. "We don't want to feel commoditized, we want to feel like these experiences are created for us."
The current image of Puerto Rico in many people's minds is that of an island ravaged by Hurricane Maria, struggling to get back on its feet. But Carla Campos, executive director of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company wants to change that. Traditionally, tourism was governed by the territory, which elected a new government every four years and lacked focus. Although the Puerto Rico Tourism Company (PRTC), was founded in 1970 as a public corporation responsible for stimulating tourism, it just became the lead tourism agency in 2016. "We started to rethink competitiveness," she said. "We have a white canvas, and we get to build stronger than ever before." Puerto Rico Governor Ricardo Rosselló also spoke on how tourism can help the island rebuild. "Tourism can be a force for good in Puerto Rico," he said.
For more information on Skift, check out: https://skift.com/.
Katie Riddle – Katie is curious about everything, from how curling became a sport to why bellbottoms keep coming back into style. She develops insigh… MORE
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Embracing the Party of One
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Edinburgh Pentlands ist ein Wahlkreis für das Schottische Parlament. Er wurde 1999 als einer von neun Wahlkreisen der Wahlregion Lothians eingeführt, die im Zuge der Revision der Wahlkreise im Jahre 2011 neu zugeschnitten und in Lothian umbenannt wurde. Hierbei wurden auch die Grenzen des Wahlkreises Edinburgh Pentlands neu gezogen. Der Wahlkreis umfasst die südwestlichen Gebiete von Edinburgh und entsendet einen Abgeordneten.

Der Wahlkreis erstreckt sich über eine Fläche von 100,4 km2. Im Jahre 2020 lebten 77.996 Personen innerhalb seiner Grenzen.

Wahlergebnisse

Parlamentswahl 1999

Parlamentswahl 2003

Parlamentswahl 2007

Parlamentswahl 2011

Parlamentswahl 2016

Parlamentswahl 2021

Einzelnachweise

Wahlkreis für das schottische Parlament
Wahlkreis (Edinburgh, Council Area)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A design guide is more than just a document that comes with a new website or brand identity. A good design guide is a work of art in itself and has practical application in everyday design work. It showcases what your project is and aspires to be. It should bring elements of design, voice and even code together in a way that's manageable, usable and easy to understand.
What's nice about the Love to Ride design guide is that every page in the booklet looks like the website, creating brand consistency. The guide even brings small elements of the design into focus, such as the correct style for apps icons in an accurate display.
The best part about using real examples in a design guide is that you don't have to create extra work to showcase visual elements; you already have them in hand. Plus, team members will know that the written guideline work in actual practice because there's visual proof.
Everything from color swatches to typography palettes, to shapes and use of design elements should be outlined clearly.
When outlining design guidelines be specific when it matters—H1 tags are always 88 points or thumbnail images are always 200 by 200 pixels—but don't over-communicate unnecessary details. You want team members to see information at a glance and use it, not get weighed down trying to find something in a sea of specifications.
A descriptive writing style for copy can also impact the visuals. It contributes to the type of imagery you choose to use and even elements such as color and type. All of these items go together to create an overall personality for the brand.
Search engine optimization might be one of the most-talked about and least fun parts of website design. Think about keywords early and often.
Urban Outfitters has a well-designed (and fun) keyword list in its brand guide. While the clothing brand uses plenty of different keywords the most important words are highlight by color so that you see them right away.
A keyword list such as this brings the words you want to say to top of mind, every time you see them. Most people who write copy will tell you that once you see or think about a word in a certain context it gets stuck in your head. That's exactly what the SEO keyword list is supposed to do.
Design elements should correlate to these keywords at all times to that content is related throughout the website design.
With so many different mediums online (not to mention companies that also design printed elements), it's important to have guides for all possible uses.
This applies to still and animated versions of logos, color palettes, patterns and even design elements such as form fields and navigation.
Your design book should have a section dedicated to these elements. And if you want the team to really love you, create a pattern and element style guide in an online location so that users can just copy and paste elements for quick use.
Every website design guide needs to include plenty of commonly used code snippets. From buttons to small animations to slider effects, these little bits of code add hours to your daily workflow by eliminating the need to manually enter specs with every new element.
This works for everything from blog posts—add a code block for images that bloggers can just copy and paste for the right size and crop—to more elaborate UI effects.
Firefox includes design component information in its design guide for the recently revised branding and logo usage. Even if you don't provide a full library of code snippets, remember to include some base information such as where to use H1 through H4 on pages within the website design and how to style buttons and images.
The best part about a design guide is that it doesn't have to be a static document. It can grow and change as your brand and visual identity do the same thing.
Most designers—website designers, in particular—are opting for online versions of a design guide so that making changes and grabbing code and color snippets are quick and easy. Consider adding a style guide page to your website, and remember to refer to it (and update it) frequently.


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Home/Skepticism/Gorilla Killed to Save Boy: Who's to Blame?
Gorilla Killed to Save Boy: Who's to Blame?
Rebecca Watson Follow on Twitter Send an email June 1, 2016
Support more videos like this at patreon.com/rebecca!
Sorta transcript:
A silverback gorilla at the Cincinnati Zoo has been shot and killed by the zoo after a 4-year old boy sneaked into the enclosure and was at risk of being torn limb from limb. At this point, everyone is weighing in with their professional opinions on what happened and whether it was right. Here are the various camps:
CAMP 1 blames the mother of the 4-year old, because she wasn't watching her kid long enough to keep him from breaching the multiple barriers the zoo established to keep people out of reach of the gorillas.
CAMP 2 blames the zoo, for not having more hardcore enclosures. Something like an electric fence, 4-inch bulletproof glass, or gorillas strapped onto wheeled stand-up gurney things like Hannibal Lector.
CAMP 3 blames the zoo for killing the gorilla because they think the gorilla was actually trying to protect the boy.
CAMP 4 blames the zoo and the parents and society as a whole for using animals as a prop to attract attention and money. It's like, it's bad enough that these intelligent, beautiful animals are being kept in prisons, but we're also teaching children that this is how wild animals should be–docile and put on display for our personal entertainment, to gape at in between eating lukewarm chicken fingers and going to see an iMax movie.
I don't make videos about breaking news unless I have a super hot take, and here's mine: Everyone is wrong. Shit's complicated.
For those blaming the mother: seriously, think about your lives and get depressed. No one seems to blame the father, which is bullshit, and also kids slip away. It fucking happens. Four years old is just old enough to cause trouble while being young enough to have no idea of the consequences, so it's not even fair to blame the parents for not teaching a kid to have more respect for wild animals. He's four. He's an idiot.
For those blaming the zoo for not having better enclosures, okay, fine, but remember that there's only so much they can do while still offering you the best experience possible. The best enclosure for the gorilla and for errant 4-year olds would be one where you'd never get to see the damn gorilla, which renders the entire point moot.
For those who think the zoo was wrong to kill the gorilla because he was actually protecting the kid, jesus fucking christ, get your shit together and realize we're not living in a Lisa Frank Trapper Keeper. I'm pretty sure the people who work with these animals every single day know better than you about what they're capable of. Stop projecting your own thoughts and feeling onto animals you have no clue about. The gorilla may not have meant to harm the kid but he was dragging him around by the foot, and he was clearly disoriented by the crowd of people screaming at him. This isn't Curious George, for fuck's sake.
For those who think zoos shouldn't exist, anyway, yeah, I agree that the idea of keeping these animals in captivity is pretty terrible and in a perfect world they shouldn't exist. Unfortunately, zoos may be our best chance of keeping critically endangered species like the lowland gorilla alive. Cincinnati Zoo is one of the institutions that participates in the Gorilla Species Survival Plan, which breeds captive gorillas to increase the population in zoos while funding conservation efforts in the wild.
"But Rebecca," you say, "wouldn't it be better if we just gave money to fund conservation efforts in the wild instead of doing it through zoos continuing to imprison these beautiful animals?" Yes, that would be great if we did that, but we obviously don't do that. Sorry, but humans don't give a shit about things they can't see and experience. And even now, conservation efforts in the wild aren't necessarily working wonders. If they fail, zoos may be our literal last chance to keep gorillas alive.
"But Rebecca," you say, "would it be worth keeping gorillas alive if their habitat is gone and they can only survive imprisoned in zoos?" Yes. Yes, yes yes. Would it be worth it to humanity as a whole if we had a small population of stegasauruses in dino zoos? Yes. Would it be worth it to have a few dodos kicking around San Diego zoo? Yes. Yes yes yes. And if we can keep gorillas around long enough to get our shit together and rebuild their habitat, all the better. But for right now, releasing gorillas from captivity usually ends up going very badly for the gorillas.
I'm not saying I have all the answers here, but I am saying that you don't have all the answers either. Please remember that before sharing a meme about what a bitch some mom is you don't know, or how we should immediately shut down all the zoos. It's more complicated than that.
donboc says:
Yeah, I mean I basically agree. But it's possible to build barriers that a 4-year-old child cannot get through. If a gorilla is liable to be shot and killed if a child ends up in his enclosure, then zoos have an ethical responsibility to the gorilla to make sure that no children end up in his enclosure. They should have built a barrier that can stop a 4-year-old child.
stevec says:
I usually agree with your opinion, but this time it is hard for me to comprehend how anyone could possibly DISAGREE.
Life is COMPLICATED!!! Why can't more people realize that?
I'm so sick of the (seemingly accelerating) trend of over-simplification. Everyone wants simple answers to complex questions. They refuse to look past the latest meme or sound-bite.
Even worse, hardly anyone seems to realize that if one option is bad or undesirable (e.g. shooting the gorilla), there is no guarantee that other options are good — sometimes (all too often) all options are bad and you must try to pick the least bad choice.
ikanreed says:
As hot takes go, this is very measured. This is why I like your videos.


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get crafty with a make your own bath bomb kit—the perfect activity for birthday parties or craft parties. once you've perfected your skincare routine, don't forget about other fun self-care products such as five below aromatherapy essential oils in various scents like lavender, peppermint, orange, and lemon. then slip on a mermaid sleep mask from five below and get a great night's sleep after a relaxing spa day.
at five below, you'll find a huge selection of affordable makeup, makeup storage, and skin care products so that you can take care of all of your beauty and health needs without breaking the bank. everything from five below, including our high-quality sheet masks and face masks, is only five dollars or less. that means you can stock up on all the skin care products you could ever dream of and still have cash left for other makeup products like lip gloss and nail polish sets! five below's bath bombs and other skin and beauty products are the perfect way to give yourself some self-love to rest and recharge for your busy life.


If you don't already know, in China most of the apps and social media used in the Western world is banned. Yep, that's right. No Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, the lot. So what do you do? Find alternatives!
Who am I to tell you what the best apps to use in China are? Well, after living and working in China for a short while, I believe I mastered how to survive social media (and life) in China.
All the apps in this post are available on Apple and Android – so get downloading!
Do you know any Mandarin? If not, then this is the app you need! HelloChinese is a fantastic app that helps you learn mandarin Chinese. One of the struggles with learning Chinese is the different tones within the language. Words are spelt the same, but because of the different tones, their meanings are completely different. HelloChinese uses speech recognition to help perfect your pronunciation – an absolute MUST when learning a difficult language such as mandarin!
Chinese also has characters, which can be completely baffling for those unfamiliar with them. HelloChinese gets you to practice writing out characters, which is useful when learning them and useful for restaurants, as the menus are in Chinese characters and not 'pinyin' which is the Chinese used to teach foreigners, like myself.
HelloChinese is also super fun! You learn through numerous games, and everything you learn is put into bite-sized curriculum. It makes learning enjoyable and teaches you how to hold conversations rather than simply learning vocabulary. Don't worry if you're a savvy traveller, the app is free to use unless you want add-ons, making it the best app to use in China.
WeChat is an interesting app and form of social media. It is like a mixture of WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram all rolled into one. You can even use it to pay for things! It is the most efficient way of keeping touch with people in China, and a great way to stay contacted with any new friends you make. You can also get your friends at home to download the app and keep in touch.
Honestly, I'm not sure what else to say other than WeChat is an essential app for keeping in contact with people, so make sure to download it. Plus, its completely free.
How on earth can anyone survive a week, month or year without the likes of Instagram or Facebook?! Have no fear, you can use VPN to use your beloved apps. VPN basically tricks servers into thinking you're in a different location. Your data is seen as coming from the VPN, rather than coming from you. This way, all the apps banned in China work, as the Chinese servers see the location of the data coming from elsewhere and not from within the country. Honestly, I am no expert in this field, so Google it if you want more information. The most important thing is that by using a VPN you can use your favourite apps abroad, in China or anywhere!
There are thousands of VPN apps out there, free or paid for. Simply find the best one for you. My personal favourite is VPN 360, which I found to be very reliable and free! However, all VPN apps do the exact same thing so you can pick one as you please.
Still haven't mastered Chinese? Don't worry, Pleco has your back. Pleco translates words by using images (such as taking a photograph of a menu for example) handwriting, or simply typing the word in pinyin or English. If you can't understand a menu, or can't think of a word, then Pleco will help you. It gives you the definition, character and pinyin so you have everything you need.
Honestly, this app saved me when it came to reading menus – especially before I learnt characters! You'll never have to eat mystery meat again.
It's also completely free unless you buy add-ons. A definite bonus for any thrifty traveller.
Last but not least, DiDi is a must for those of us who are more lazy. DiDi is essentially China's version of Uber. DiDi is easy to use and the drivers are often very friendly and reliable. I left my iPhone 7 in a DiDi and managed to contact the driver, who very kindly drove back and dropped the phone back to me after he had finished his full-time job. DiDi is basically the same as Uber and uses maps to pinpoint locations – brilliant when you don't know how to pronounce or figure out exactly where you are going.
Again, like all of the apps on this list, DiDi is free. Making it a great addition to your app collection.
Honestly, I didn't use any other apps. I did attempt to use Baidu which is the Chinese version of Google Maps, but honestly I didn't like it. Plus, if you use VPN, Google Maps works just fine – it's amazing how well Google knows China even though its essentially barred from the entire country.
Looking for inspiration to help plan your next trip to China? Check out Roaming Nanny's post for some adventurous ideas!
Enjoyed this post? Check out my other travel tips, like How to Survive a Festival Abroad.


text:
UCR's Graduate School of Education to Launch Undergraduate Major in Fall 2018
Enrollment is now open for the fall 2018 start of the GSOE's first undergraduate major: education, society, and human development
By Tess Eyrich on September 25, 2017
Based in Sproul Hall, UCR's Graduate School of Education will offer its first undergraduate major — education, society, and human development — beginning in fall 2018.
RIVERSIDE, Calif. (www.ucr.edu) — Undergraduate students at the University of California, Riverside looking to jumpstart their careers in education now have a direct pathway into the field. UCR's Graduate School of Education (GSOE) has begun accepting applications for fall 2018 enrollment in its first undergraduate major: education, society, and human development.
"Students will explore their interests in education and youth development through the lenses of psychology, sociology, history, economics, and other interdisciplinary fields," said Thomas Smith, dean of the GSOE. "By working directly with faculty whose research is targeted at improving outcomes for youth, our undergraduates will be prepared for careers in youth and community development — including teaching."
Louie Rodriguez, associate dean of undergraduate education and associate professor in the GSOE, added that students who complete the major will still need to earn teaching credentials if they want to teach in traditional classrooms. In the meantime, however, they will be able to trace the evolution of the field, look closely at contemporary policies that affect education, and study cutting-edge research trends.
"Beyond teaching, students will leave our program prepared to enter other kinds of leadership roles within school systems, create curriculum, conduct policy research for city or county governments, or pursue master's or doctorate degrees," he said.
Information about the undergraduate major is available here. All students interested in the program must first attend an information session before meeting with an academic advisor. The GSOE expects to attract about 70 undergraduates — including transfer students and existing UCR students interested in double majoring or changing their majors — in the first academic year the major will be offered.
"We already are seeing significant interest from UCR students who are enrolled in other programs," Rodriguez said.
A major aspect of the program's appeal is its emphasis on community integration; students must conduct a minimum of 40 hours of fieldwork to earn their degrees. Along with assisting faculty with complex research projects, students will enjoy opportunities to get outside the classroom and provide direct educational service (think one-on-one tutoring), instruction in adult learning environments, and mentorship at after-school programs.
Rodriguez said most of the GSOE's 32 professors will teach at least one or two courses of the undergraduate curriculum, which requires completion of 48 units identified for the major (of those units, 36 must be completed in upper division courses). Students will follow one of two specializations — learning and behavioral studies or community leadership, policy, and social justice — or adopt customized plans.
"Some of the GSOE professors have never taught undergraduate students, so this will be a chance for our faculty to serve more of the undergraduate population," Rodriguez said, adding that students will benefit from studying under nationally recognized experts in research areas such as autism and learning disability research, critical race theory, ethnic studies, educational policy, higher education, and youth civic engagement. "The goal is to inspire the next generation of scholars to better serve the field of education and their own neighborhoods."
Tess Eyrich
E-mail: tess.eyrich@ucr.edu
Information About the Undergraduate Major
Archived under: Politics/Society, Graduate School of Education, Louie Rodriguez, press release, Thomas Smith, undergraduate education
AP Readiness Program Expands to San Bernardino County
[Jun 14, 2018]
Pioneering a Pathway to Success for STEM Teachers
[Mar 29, 2018]
Cam Calkins: The Secret Ingredient is Love
[Oct 4, 2017]
Elected Officials, Educators Gather at UCR to Discuss Improving College Readiness and Completion in the Inland Empire
[Sep 26, 2016]
Community Invited to Hearing on Improving College Readiness and Completion in the Inland Empire
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Last modified: 2017-Sep-25


text:
Q: Retrieving textfield data from custom cell from another view outside of the table view I have a view with an embedded UITableViewController that is filled with custom cells. When I hit the save button I would like the getProjectName() within the UITableViewController to return the projectNameTF data within in the custom cell. Currently when I try to get the cell within the getProjectName() it returns a nil cell.
Main View:
class NewProjectView: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    @IBAction func saveBtn(_ sender: UIButton) {
        print("Save button hit")
        print(NewProjectTableViewController().getProjectName())
    }

}

Embedded TableViewController
import UIKit

struct cellType{
    var mainTitle = String()
    var numOfChildCells = Int()
    var opened = Bool()
}

class NewProjectTableViewController: UITableViewController {

    var tableViewData = [cellType]()
    var customCellData = [UITableViewCell]()

    var projectNameTFR = UITextField()

    // Counts the number of cells and displays them
    override func numberOfSections(in tableView: UITableView) -> Int {
        return tableViewData.count
    }

    override func  tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {

        // If the parent cell is opened display the number of cells inside it
        if tableViewData[section].opened == true {
            return tableViewData[section].numOfChildCells + 1
        }

        else {
            return 1
        }
    }

    //
    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
        self.tableView.separatorStyle = .none

        // Do this for the header cell
        if indexPath.row == 0{

            guard let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "HeaderCell") as? HeaderCell else {return UITableViewCell()}

            cell.backgroundColor = .clear
            cell.setUpCell(title: tableViewData[indexPath.section].mainTitle)

            // If cell should be opened, display correct open image
            if tableViewData[indexPath.section].opened{
                cell.openCell()
            }

            // else display closed image
            else{
                cell.closeCell()
            }

            return cell

        // else it is a child cell
        }else {

            switch tableViewData[indexPath.section].mainTitle{

                // Load Project info cell
                case "Project Information":
                    guard let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "ProjectNameCell") as? ProjectNameCell else {return UITableViewCell()}
                    projectNameTFR = cell.projectNameTF
                    return cell

                case "Client Information":
                    guard let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "ClientInfoCell") as? ClientInfoCell else {return UITableViewCell()}
                    return cell

                default:
                    print("defaulted cell")
                    guard let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "cell") else {return UITableViewCell()}
                    return cell
            }

        }
    }

    override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
        if tableViewData[indexPath.section].opened == true{
            tableViewData[indexPath.section].opened = false
            let sections = IndexSet.init(integer: indexPath.section)
            tableView.reloadSections(sections, with: .none)
            let headerCell = tableView.cellForRow(at: indexPath) as! HeaderCell

        }
        else{
            tableViewData[indexPath.section].opened = true
            let sections = IndexSet.init(integer: indexPath.section)
            tableView.reloadSections(sections, with: .none)
            let headerCell = tableView.cellForRow(at: indexPath) as! HeaderCell
        }
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        //self.definesPresentationContext = true
        tableView.delegate = self
        tableView.dataSource = self

        tableView.rowHeight = UITableView.automaticDimension

        // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
        print("add new client screen loaded")

        registerTableViewCells()

        // Create the cells
        tableViewData = [cellType(mainTitle: "Project Information", numOfChildCells: 1, opened: true ),
                         cellType(mainTitle: "Client Information", numOfChildCells: 1, opened: false )]

    }

    override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
        // Add a background view to the table view
        let backgroundImage = UIImage(named: "App Background.png")
        let imageView = UIImageView(image: backgroundImage)
        self.tableView.backgroundView = imageView
    }

    override var preferredStatusBarStyle: UIStatusBarStyle {
        return .lightContent
    }

    private func registerTableViewCells(){
        let ClientInfoCell = UINib(nibName: "ClientInfoCell", bundle: nil)
        self.tableView.register(ClientInfoCell, forCellReuseIdentifier: "ClientInfoCell")

        let ProjectNameCell = UINib(nibName: "ProjectNameCell", bundle: nil)
        self.tableView.register(ProjectNameCell, forCellReuseIdentifier: "ProjectNameCell")

        let HeaderCell = UINib(nibName: "HeaderCell", bundle: nil)
        self.tableView.register(HeaderCell, forCellReuseIdentifier: "HeaderCell")

        let SaveCell = UINib(nibName: "SaveCell", bundle: nil)
        self.tableView.register(SaveCell, forCellReuseIdentifier: "SaveCell")

    }

    func getProjectName() -> String{

        let indexPath = NSIndexPath(row: 0, section: 0)
        let cell = tableView?.cellForRow(at: indexPath as IndexPath) as? ProjectNameCell
        print(type(of: cell))

        if(cell==nil){
            print("cell is nil")
        }

        return "I returned this test string"
    }
}

Custom Cell I am trying to reach
import UIKit

class ProjectNameCell: UITableViewCell {

    @IBOutlet weak var projectNameTF: UITextField!

    var projectName = String()

    override func awakeFromNib() {
        super.awakeFromNib()
        // Initialization code
        backgroundColor = .clear

    }

    override func setSelected(_ selected: Bool, animated: Bool) {
        super.setSelected(selected, animated: animated)

        // Configure the view for the selected state
    }

}

A: Well sir you are getting cell on index path 0 section number and 0th row
let indexPath = NSIndexPath(row: 0, section: 0)

on that index you have HeaderCell instead of ProjectNameCell thats why you are getting nil
this line can't cast your HeaderCell to ProjectNameCell
let cell = tableView?.cellForRow(at: indexPath as IndexPath) as? ProjectNameCell


The March 2019 update to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) adds words and phrases related to dogs, gender identities, cannabis, and many more. The official website of the OED says that 650 words in all were added for the first quarter of 2019. The lifespan of words sheds light on our ever-evolving language.
New cross-breeds of dogs were high on the list of words added to the OED this quarter. The pug-beagle mix "puggle" made it in, as did the Maltese-poodle "maltipoo." If you've ever referred to someone by using a gender pronoun for which they didn't care, you may have been accused of "misgendering" them, which also made the list for March 2019. In light of the expanding industry of legalized cannabis, the OED has added the portmanteau "cannabusiness" (a hybrid of "cannabis" and "business"), at which you may purchase "cannabis edibles," "cannabutter," or other products, all words now found in the dictionary. Finally, a large, hairy, smelly, manlike creature allegedly living in Florida can now be identified in the Oxford English Dictionary as a "skunk ape." So how do new words come about and why do they die off?
How are words born? "Some words have been in English as long as there's been English—words like heart, head, man, sun, and the pronoun I," Dr. Anne Curzan, Professor of English at the University of Michigan, said. "These were part of Germanic dialects from which English derives—and then we could trace them back into proto-Indo-European before it split off into Germanic." Dr. Curzan explained that other words are borrowed from other languages, such as the word "secret" from French. We consider their "birth" in English to be the time at which they entered the English language, not the time they were first used in their native tongues. Finally, some words are invented in English. These are words "born" into English, often by attaching prefixes to suffixes, as is the case with multislacking and guesstimating. This is where we get some of the new words in the OED in 2019: Puggle, maltipoo, misgendering, and cannabusiness are all clear fusions of multiple words or word parts.
The death of a word is more complicated. Words don't always die just because people stop using them. "Let's consider a word like betimes, which meant 'in a short time' or 'in good time,'" Dr. Curzan said. "There's a baby crying and you [would] say, 'She will tire betimes.' I would never say this, but we do encounter this word in Shakespeare, Milton, and elsewhere." Since nobody uses the word anymore, it could be considered dead, but its recurrence in classic literature keeps it in the public eye. Dr. Curzan explained that words like this are often labeled "archaic" in the dictionary to identify its limbo-like status.
Adding a Word to the Dictionary – What Makes a Word, a "Word"?
Most of us can imagine the general idea of what a word is. "It stands alone, it's one thing, and it has meaning," Dr. Curzan said. "If we used those tests, there are other things that we would think of as a word where it's harder to do something like pinpoint the meaning." Dr. Curzan pointed out the word "the" as an example of a word whose meaning is difficult to simply explain. Likewise, she mentioned the compound "ice cream" as failing the concept of being "one thing." Since there's a space in the middle, one could say that "ice cream" is simply two separate words. However, "ice" and "cream" each have their own meanings when looked at as individual words. The third meaning comes from combining them into one concept like "ice cream." In reality, the definition of what makes a word be a word is quite fluid.
Next, how do words get their meanings? If someone says "person," billions of images may enter our heads, but they're all loosely the same concept. Most of us think of a human being with two arms and two legs, a body, and a head with standard facial features. This person, however specific, is a sort of model or prototype we can alter with further information. We can narrow our definition of "person" with modifiers like tall, short, old, young, blond, brunette, and so on. Dr. Curzan said that this is a mental process we've all done since before we could speak—attach meaning, images, and sounds to words and concepts. Amazingly enough, it often enables us to decipher the meanings of new words based on the ideas we connect to those word parts. If new words sometimes come from fusing two words or word parts together, we fuse our experiences with those words together as well. For example, with the 2019 new OED word "cannabusiness," many of us can extrapolate the words "cannabis" and "business" from this new word and deduce that the new word defines a business dealing with cannabis products—and we already have our own understandings of each of those words.
As words are born and make their way into the common lexicon, they are often integrated into the dictionary. By examining where words come from and what they mean, we can demystify them and advance our own personal use of language.
Dr. Anne Curzan contributed to this article. Dr. Curzan is Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of English at the University of Michigan. She earned a B.A. in Linguistics from Yale University and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in English Language and Literature from the University of Michigan.


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text:
By Kira Coley December 19, 2017
Optimizing the Tides
As long as the moon continues to orbit the earth, there will be energy in the tides. This reliability is just one of the many advantages of tidal energy, and as sea levels rise, it will become even more relevant as the effect of climate change becomes a reality. In the U.K. alone, the government estimates that wave and tidal combined has the potential to deliver 30 – 50GW equating to around 20 percent of the country's current electricity needs. As investment and innovation begin to surge across the sector, Dutch-based tidal energy leader Tocardo joins with Nortek to help optimize the operational performance of its turbines.
Sicco Kamminga, Director of Nortek's Netherlands division, explains how ADCPs are contributing to solving the world's sustainable energy needs.
Unlike other forms of renewable energy, tidal energy isn't dependent on random weather patterns but offer a uniform, reliable and an inexhaustible source of energy. Furthermore, turbines installed in the water are out of sight; something that has been a controversial issue in connection with both land and offshore wind farms.
As a leading designer and producer of tidal and free-flow water turbines, Tocardo sought to measure water speeds through the rotor of the turbines to further verify and optimize the turbine's production of clean energy. In order to achieve this, they needed to find a ADCP that could cope with the challenging conditions.
Adapting for Tidal Energy
Den Oever is a tidal testing center that operates in the Afsluitdijk tidal barrage, one of the most prestigious civil structures built in the 20th century. The 33-kilometer long dam was built in the 1930s to protect the Netherlands from flooding.
Tocardo engineers wanted to use ADCPs to verify the performance of the turbines and check the 'Cp/Lambda' curve, which is used to determine the rotor power for any combination of water and rotor speed.
Kamminga said, "It was a very challenging environment to work in. We were using the ADCP to measure currents really close to the turbines, and the water flow in these locations are very strong because the performance of the turbine, and energy outcome, is much better there. That's understandable, but when it comes to deploying an instrument, it's not an easy place to work especially while making sure the boat didn't get chopped up. We also had some unexpected technical challenges that we had to overcome."
Each turbine creates an electronic noise, otherwise known as an Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) noise spectrum. This was picked up by the communication and power-line of the ADCP, distorting the instrument's signal and decreasing the measurement range. Nortek analyzed the noise spectrum present at the site and was able to modify the internal filter of the power supply to reduce the EMC noise and enable the 20-meter range.
"There are subtle electronics in the ADCP instrument, and the turbine itself is basically a giant electromagnet. This meant that initially, we couldn't get any useful data so close to the turbines. There is also a lot of fluctuation and turbulence in the water. To measure that properly you need to measure quickly and accurately at the same time, but our old products could only measure currents every 1-2 minutes, so we needed to make some changes."
Turbulence can reduce the efficiency of the turbine's performance and cause fatigue on the structure. For engineers to maintain the system effectively, Nortek also had to find a way to capture turbulence at Tocardo's testing facility.
Kamminga said, "We had to redesign the instruments to better cope with all the challenges we encountered – some challenges no one knew existed until now – and we came up with an improved version of the Signature1000. The Signature1000 is the only instrument which is capable of collecting current profile data with a 16 Hz sampling rate, a big increase compared to the older 4 Hz models."
The turbine blades have a maximum turn rate of two revolutions per second. Nortek's new ADCP makes it possible to collect ample data Tocardo needed – even in these challenging conditions – and help propel tidal energy into the next stages of commercialization.
Getting the Best from the Tides
A Signature1000 was mounted horizontally on top of a turbine and measured the velocity through the rotor with the fifth beam of this ADCP. A second instrument was mounted in the tail of the turbine, also measuring with the fifth beam of the sensor.
The velocity data provided by the ADCPs help Tocardo determine the performance of the turbine. The validity can be checked with the amplitude and correlation data, but Tocardo also discovered an additional benefit to this previously underutilized information.
The amplitude data contains information about the returned echo of the transmitted acoustic signal. Acting as a strong reflector, the blades can be recognized during the validation of the data. While using a mechanism to control the orientation of the blades, Tocardo discovered that by looking at the profile of the amplitude, they could learn what happens when they change the orientation in specific conditions.
The ADCP data have also contributed to the calibration and further improvements of Tocardo's CFD software model and provided new design improvements relevant for performance and reliability. Furthermore, the instruments have helped to provide accurate energy yield predictions for individual devices and optimize array layouts.
Growing the Tidal Sector
As well as the test facility in Den Oever, Tocardo successfully uses Signature instruments on two other locations in the Netherlands: The Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier and on a floating tidal energy platform in the Waddenzee.
The Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier is part of the famous Dutch Delta Works put in place to protect the Netherlands from flooding from the North Sea. The installation is the largest tidal energy project in the country, as well as the world's largest commercial tidal installation of five turbines in an array.
The site consists of a 1.2 MW array of five turbines, and the special design enables the turbines to generate electricity during ebb and flood, demonstrating how future water defenses also can provide hydroelectric power.
As the world's only turbine manufacturer capable of installing this type of multi-turbine installation, Tocardo can monitor the array in turbulent waters using the ADCPs and see how the turbines interact. The data will back the future upscaling and the commercial rollout of tidal projects across the world.
An example of this is the recent announcement of Tocardo's first offshore tidal array with four one Megawatt Universal Floating Structures (UFS) in Canada's Bay of Fundy, in collaboration with Minas Energy and International Marine Energy Inc (IME).
In late 2017, four 250kW-rated T2 bi-directional turbines were deployed in the Minas Passage within the bay. The turbines will be attached to Tocardo's semi-submersible Universal Floating Platform Structure to form a 1MW system held in place by catenary mooring systems. Canada's new turbine facility will also produce vital data and valuable experience with turbine installations that could set in motion a wave of investment and innovation, helping to catalyze further growth in the sector.
Kamminga said, "Tidal energy is at a really exciting stage, so it's been amazing to contribute towards its development this early on. We're thrilled to support a market that is still discovering itself and to help solve problems that no one has faced before. Tidal energy will one day contribute an important amount of the world's energy needs, but first companies such as Tocardo must work to ensure the installations are able to offer the best performance possible. They are challenging projects, and these structures are massive; no one would even see these tiny ADCP instruments that play such a big role in optimizing the tidal energy outcomes."
(As published in the November/December 2017 edition of Marine Technology Reporter)
• Nortek • North Sea • renewable energy
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