text:
Прибалтийская операция 1944 года — стратегическая наступательная операция советских войск, проведённая с 14 сентября по 24 ноября 1944 года на территории Прибалтики с целью освобождения от немецких войск Эстонии, Латвии и Литвы. Включала в себя четыре фронтовые и межфронтовые операции: Рижскую, Таллинскую, Моонзундскую и Мемельскую.

Операция длилась 71 день, ширина фронта достигала 1000 км, а глубина — 400 км.

Силы сторон

Советские войска

Немецкие войска (главнокомандующий Фердинанд Шёрнер)

Планы сторон
Немецкая группа армий «Север» заблаговременно создала многополосную, глубоко эшелонированную оборону, широко используя особенности географии данной местности — обилие озёр, рек, болот и довольно редкую дорожную сеть, что затрудняло проведение наступательных операций. Особое значение придавалось обороне Рижского направления. В районе Риги находилась самая сильная группировка противника, включавшая 5 танковых дивизий.

Согласно плану советского Генштаба, войска трёх Прибалтийских фронтов должны были атаковать группировку, состоящую из 16-й и 18-й армий на рижском направлении (планировалось расчленить немецкие войска и разгромить их по частям); а при содействии КБФ Ленинградский фронт должен был начать атаку на эстонском направлении (оперативная группа «Нарва»). Произведено значительное массирование войск благодаря выделению резервов, в результате чего по некоторым видам техники у СССР было двойное превосходство над Германией. Превосходство в людях было незначительным. К участию в операции привлекались национальные войска, укомплектованные из уроженцев прибалтийских республик. Действия советских фронтов в Прибалтике координировал и осуществлял общее руководство операцией Маршал Советского Союза А. М. Василевский.

Первый этап операции (14—27 сентября 1944 года)

За время первого этапа операции была проведена Таллинская операция, в результате которой была освобождена вся материковая часть Эстонии.

Войска Прибалтийских фронтов вышли при наступлении на рижском направлении на рубеж «Сигулда», подготовленный в 25—80 км от Риги. Попытки прорыва этого рубежа не удались. Завязались упорные бои по его «прогрызанию» с медленным методичным, но кровопролитным продвижением вперёд. Не удалась также попытка внезапным ударом с юга взять Ригу: хотя советский удар стал неожиданным для врага, но спешно принятыми мерами ему удалось остановить продвижение советских войск в 30 километрах южнее Риги. В этих условиях было принято смелое решение о перенаправлении главного удара с рижского на мемельское направление.

Второй этап операции (28 сентября — 24 ноября 1944 года)
Проведены до конца Рижская, Моонзундская и Мемельская операции. В районе Мемеля основные силы группы армий «Север» были навсегда отрезаны от Восточной Пруссии. Советскими войсками освобождены Рига, Литва, значительная часть Латвии. Образовался Курляндский котёл.

Рижская операция (14 сентября — 22 октября 1944 года)

Рижская операция проводилась с 14 сентября по 22 октября 1944 года с целью освобождения Риги и Латвии от гитлеровцев. Со стороны СССР в операции было задействовано  119 стрелковых дивизий, 6 танковых дивизий и 1 механизированный корпус, 11 отдельных танковых бригад, 3 укрепрайона — общая численность войск составляла 1351,4 тыс. чел. Немцы располагали  16-й и 18-й полевой армиями и частью сил 3-й танковой армии группы армий «Север». С 14 по 27 октября советская армия вела наступление, но остановилась на рубеже «Сигулда», предварительно укреплённом немцами и пополненном частями армий, которые вынуждены были отступить на рубеж из-за поражения в ходе Таллинской операции (оперативная группа «Нарва»). После подготовки началось повторное наступление советских войск, 13 октября была взята Рига, 22 октября Рижская операция завершилась освобождением Риги и большей части Латвии.

Таллинская операция (17—26 сентября 1944 года)

Таллинская операция — часть Прибалтийской операции, проводимая на её первом этапе с 17 по 26 сентября 1944 года с целью освобождения Эстонии и её столицы — Таллина (отсюда и название).

На начало операции 2-я и 8-я ударные армии имели охватывающее положение по отношению к армейской группе «Нарва» (6 дивизий группы армий «Север»). Планировалось силами 2-й ударной армии атаковать тыл группировки «Нарва», после чего штурмовать Таллин. 8-й армии отводилась роль наступления на позиции группы армий «Нарва» в случае отступления немецких войск.

17 сентября 1944 года началась Таллинская операция. Силами 2-й ударной армии была проделана брешь в обороне противника глубиной до 18 км в районе реки Эмайыги. Армейская группа «Нарва» начала отход. 18 сентября в Таллине легализовалось подпольное правительство Эстонии во главе с Отто Тиифом, провозгласило независимость (на башне «Длинный Герман» были подняты два флага — Эстонии и кригсмарине Германии) и несколько дней пыталось противостоять отступающим германским и наступающим советским войскам. 19 сентября начала наступление 8-я армия. 20 сентября был освобожден г. Раквере, и части 8-й армии соединились с частями 2-й армии. 21 сентября был освобожден Таллин, а к 26 сентября полностью освобождена Эстония (кроме некоторых островов). В ходе Таллинской операции Балтийский флот высадил несколько морских десантов на побережье Эстонии и прилегающих островах. Результат был успешным для советских войск — немецкие войска в материковой Эстонии потерпели сокрушительное поражение всего за 10 дней, значительная часть их (свыше 30 тыс. человек) не смогла прорваться к Риге и была захвачена в плен или уничтожена.

По советским данным немцы потеряли свыше 30 тыс. убитых, 15.745 пленных и 175 танков и самоходок.

Моонзундская операция (27 сентября — 24 ноября 1944 года)

Моонзундская операция — операция, проводившая с 27 сентября по 24 ноября 1944 года на Моонзундском архипелаге с целью его захвата и освобождения от немецких войск. С немецкой стороны оборону держали 23-я пехотная дивизия и 4 охранных батальона. С советской стороны были выделены часть сил Ленинградского фронта и КБФ. Большая часть островов была освобождена быстро (выбирались неожиданные места для высадки десантов, врагу не оставляли времени на подготовку обороны — десант на следующий остров высаживался сразу после освобождения предыдущего). Только на узком перешейке полуострова Сырве на острове Сааремаа противнику удалось задержать советское наступление на полтора месяца, сковав один стрелковый корпус.

Поочерёдно происходило освобождение островов:
 Вормси — 27—28 сентября 1944 года;
 Муху — 29 сентября — 1 октября 1944 года;
 Хийумаа — 2—3 октября 1944 года;
 Сааремаа (без п-ова Сырве) — 5—8 октября 1944 года;
 полуостров Сырве — 8 октября — 23 ноября 1944 года.

В результате к 23 ноября 1944 года Моонзундская операция закончилась.

Мемельская операция (5—22 октября 1944 года)

Мемельская операция — наступательная операция советских войск 1-го Прибалтийского и 39-й армии 3-го Белорусского фронтов, проводившаяся с 5 по 22 октября 1944 года с целью отсечения войск группы армий «Север» от Восточной Пруссии. Войска 1-го Прибалтийского фронта вышли на подступы к Риге южнее Даугавы. Там они встретили сильное сопротивление противника. Ставка ВГК приняла решение о перенесении главного направления удара на мемельское направление. Была произведена перегруппировка сил 1-го Прибалтийского фронта в районе г. Шяуляй. Командование советских войск планировало выйти на побережье на рубеже Паланга—Мемель—устье реки Неман при прорыве обороны западнее и юго-западнее г. Шяуляй. Главный удар наносился на мемельском направлении, вспомогательный — на кельме-тильзитском.

Решение советского командования стало полной неожиданностью для врага, ждавшего возобновления атак на Рижском направлении. В первый день боёв советские войска начали прорыв обороны и к вечеру уже продвинулись на глубину 7—17 км. К 6 октября были задействованы все подготовленные по предварительному плану войска, а к 10 октября немцы были отрезаны от Восточной Пруссии. В результате между вражескими группировками в Восточной Пруссии и в Курляндии образовалась полоса советской обороны шириной до 50 километров, преодолеть которую противник уже не смог. К 22 октября от врага была очищена большая часть северного берега реки Неман. В Латвии враг был вытеснен на Курляндский полуостров и там надёжно заблокирован. В результате Мемельской операции было достигнуто продвижение до 150 км, освобождена площадь более 26 тыс. км² и более 35 тыс. населённых пунктов. 78 советских частей и соединений награждены орденами.

Гумбиннен-Гольдапская операция (16—30 октября 1944 года)

Немецкие войска оказывали исключительно упорное сопротивление, и была высока вероятность попыток деблокирования только что с большим трудом и с большими жертвами запертую в Курляндском котле огромную группировку из состава группы армий «Север». Для срыва подобных возможных попыток была предпринята наступательная операция в Восточной Пруссии. Кроме того, полагая немецкие войска в этом районе значительно ослабленными, советское командование рассчитывало на овладение значительной частью территории Восточной Пруссии и на расчленение противостоящих войск группы армий «Центр».

Задачи операции в полном объёме достигнуты не были, хотя в целом успех остался за советскими войсками: они продвинулись на 50—100 километров, освободили свыше 1000 населённых пунктов, прорвали на разных направлениях от одного до трёх укрепленных рубежей противника.

Итоги операции
В результате Прибалтийской операции от немецкой оккупации освобождены Эстония, Литва, Латвия (за исключением Курляндского котла). Были разгромлены 26 дивизий группы армий «Север» и 3 дивизии уничтожены полностью. Оставшиеся дивизии заблокированы в Курляндии. Германские войска потеряли свыше 200 тыс. человек, из них 33,5 тыс. пленными.

112 солдат Красной армии в ходе операции были удостоены звания Героя Советского Союза, из них трое — дважды, свыше 332 тыс. чел. были награждены медалями и орденами. 481 часть получила правительственные награды. 131 часть получила почётное наименование освобождённых городов Таллин, Рига, Валга и др.

Галерея

См. также
 Курляндский котёл
 Вильнюсская операция
 Белорусская наступательная операция («Операция Багратион»)

Примечания

Литература
 Морозов В. Освобождение Советской Прибалтики (К 20-летию изгнания немецко-фашистских захватчиков из Латвии, Литвы и Эстонии). // Военно-исторический журнал. — 1964. — № 10. — С.3-15.
 Медведев Н. Освобождение Прибалтики. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 1974. — № 9. — С.11-22.
 Барынькин В. М. Освобождение Прибалтики. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 1994. — № 7-8. — С.2-8.
 Муриев Д. Некоторые характерные черты фронтовых и армейских операций, проведённых в Прибалтийской стратегической 1944 года. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 1984. — № 9. — С.22-28.
 Гуркин В. В., Филиппов В. А. Какой ценой освобождена Советская Прибалтика. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 1991. — № 8. — С.2-3.
 Трибуц В. Ф. Краснознамённый Балтийский флот в разгроме противника в Прибалтике. // Военно-исторический журнал. — 1974. — № 9. — С.23-31.

Ссылки
 Прибалтийская стратегическая наступательная операция (14 сентября — 24 ноября 1944 г.) на сайте Минобороны России
 Прибалтийская операция.
 Прибалтийская операция 1944 года.
 Прибалтийская операция, 1944 год .
 Рижская операция.
 Список военных операций.
 Прибалтийская наступательная операция.

Стратегические военные операции СССР
Сражения Германии
1944
1944
1944
Сентябрь 1944 года
Октябрь 1944 года
Ноябрь 1944 года
Литва во время Второй мировой войны
Конфликты 1944 года
Десять сталинских ударов


When registering for the CASPer test, it is important that applicants select the correct test for the courses they are applying to. For Year 12 students, this will be the "Undergraduate / Bachelor of Education CSP-10409" option. Year 12 students should not select the "Postgraduate" option.


The brilliant golden yellow color sparkles with green reflexes in the glass. Typical varietal aromas of fresh fruits and spice, such as: green apples and pears as well as fresh garden herbs and a touch of spice - especially white pepper and dried coriander are identifiable in the nose. On the palate the wine presents a juicy, vivacious freshness and pleasant balance and the typical "Pfefferl" (white pepper) is definitely in the finish.
Food Combination: Fish, poultry, veal, fresh oyster, shellfish charcuterie, crustacea, grilled fish, ethnic, salad, cheese, sushi.


Welcome to another exciting edition of the David Snape Show, your essetnial show for Bourne and the surrounding areas. As well as some great music, events for the week ahead and the best from social media.
I talk openly about mental health with my roundup from the Deeping Walk Happy event.


text:
Q: Encoding externally saved bytes throws an error and prevents the project from building Ok, this is kind of a weird thing that's happening that I just can't seem to find a solution for.
I've been working with Tweetinvi in C# for a couple of days now and I have been working on the authentication process. What I'm doing at the moment is I retrieve two access tokens for the user using PIN-based authentication. I then encrypt those and store three values in a zip file.
Here's the code for that:
            byte[] entropy = new byte[20];
            using (RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                rng.GetBytes(entropy);
            }

            byte[] accessBytes = ProtectedData.Protect(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Globals.userCredentials.AccessToken), entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser);
            byte[] accessSecretBytes = ProtectedData.Protect(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Globals.userCredentials.AccessTokenSecret), entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser);

            // Create temporary directory to store encrypted data

            if (!Directory.Exists(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip"))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip");
            }

            // Write files
            File.WriteAllBytes(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip\\ent.txt", entropy);
            File.WriteAllBytes(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip\\acc1.txt", accessBytes);
            File.WriteAllBytes(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip\\acc2.txt", accessSecretBytes);

            // Check if zip already exists. If true, delete
            if(File.Exists(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\cred.zip"))
            {
                File.Delete(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\cred.zip");
            }

            // Add files to zip
            ZipFile.CreateFromDirectory(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip", "cred.zip");

            // Delete temp directory
            Directory.Delete(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip", true);

On start up, the program checks to see if the zip file exists. If it does, it opens up the zip and extracts the files to a temp directory. The bytes of each file are read in, and the access tokens are unprotected and ecoded back to strings.
            if (!Directory.Exists(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip"))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip");
            }

            ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\cred.zip", Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip");

            byte[] entropy = File.ReadAllBytes(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip" + "\\ent.txt");
            byte[] accessBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip" + "\\acc1.txt");
            byte[] accessSecretBytes = File.ReadAllBytes(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip"+ "\\acc2.txt");

            // Delete temp directory
            Directory.Delete(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\_temp_zip", true);

            // Translate bytes to text
            byte[] cipherAccessToken = ProtectedData.Unprotect(accessBytes, entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser);
            byte[] cipherAccessTokenSecret = ProtectedData.Unprotect(accessSecretBytes, entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser);

            string accessToken = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(accessBytes);
            string accessTokenSecret = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(accessSecretBytes);

Everything works all fine and dandy, until the program gets to the last two lines. For some reason, if those lines are left in, Visual Studio will simply refuse to build the solution. At first I thought it was a problem with Costura.Fody, but I removed that from the project and the problem persisted.
I checked and double checked that the bytes I read in are the same bytes that I wrote in the first place, and they definitely appear to be correct. It simply refuses to encode the bytes back to a string and I can't figure out why. Is there perhaps a different way I can encode and then decode the bytes so that it will build, or is there a different problem underlying all of this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Now That Youve Upgraded The Dojo lighting. Will We See Orbiters Get Near Same Treatment? Lighting Upgrade Please Steve !
awesome. ludicrus settings only available on xbox oneX. so, so much for not enhancing any side of the game for the upper consoles. thanks for mentioning this prior. my bank account is gonna take a hit now. i HAVE to get a oneX. i did NOT follow Steves FX hype to be told i cant play w it on a normal xbox. i thought he said ludicrus was working well w mac. so xbox is worse then mac now?
Between NYX graxx, KHORA Braton and Lato vandal sanctuary and everything in-between. This is what I needed to bring me back. In the last month I've only had 2hrs in game play time (mr25) not much left, and plains never really took my fancy. I hope this pulls me back I really do I love this game, just finding myself sitting in orbit 90% of the time these days tho.


text:
COVID-19 Pandemic: State Transportation Funding Updates
Quintin McClellan2020-04-16T16:02:25+00:00
Construction crews in most states continued to work on critical transportation infrastructure projects while taking COVID-19 precautions, according to a March 23-27 of ARTBA members. Nearly 75% of respondents expected financial or material [...]
COVID-19 Pandemic: State Transportation Funding UpdatesQuintin McClellan2020-04-16T16:02:25+00:00
December 13: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Several Massachusetts state representatives say they will try to increase the state's $.24-per-gallon gasoline tax next month. State Rep. Tricia Farley-Bouvier (D – Pittsfield) has also proposed a pilot program to study [...]
December 13: State Transportation Funding News RoundupQuintin McClellan2019-12-13T16:08:03+00:00
Jan. 10: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam (D) and several state lawmakers intend to introduce legislation that would implement tolls along Interstate Highway 81 (I-81) to generate an estimated $2.2 billion in new revenue. Northam is [...]
Jan. 10: State Transportation Funding News RoundupQuintin McClellan2019-10-16T19:54:42+00:00
Sept. 21: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Large trucks on the Indiana Toll Road will see 35-percent fee increases starting Oct. 5 as part of Gov. Eric Holcomb's (R) plan to increase state transportation funding by an additional $1 billion. [...]
Sept. 21: State Transportation Funding News RoundupCarolyn Kramer2018-09-21T13:55:19+00:00
Sept. 6: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Mississippi Gov. Phil Bryant (R) signed legislation into law on Aug. 29 to increase transportation funding by $200 million annually. The package will provide revenue through a variety of measures, including a portion of [...]
Sept. 6: State Transportation Funding News RoundupCarolyn Kramer2018-09-07T12:42:54+00:00
June 14: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
The North Carolina legislature on June 13 sent a $3 billion transportation bond measure to the governor for approval. Gov. Roy Cooper (D) is expected to sign the measure. Follow state transportation funding [...]
June 14: State Transportation Funding News RoundupCarolyn Kramer2018-06-14T18:51:21+00:00
June 1: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Dozens of Georgia transportation projects do not have sufficient funding to move forward, according to a May 31 report by The Road Improvement Program (TRIP). Read More>> The Oklahoma legislature's diversion of transportation [...]
June 1: State Transportation Funding News RoundupCarolyn Kramer2018-06-01T12:43:26+00:00
Jan. 5: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Ohio Department of Transportation director Jerry Wray expressed concern that the state is falling behind on transportation projects, with 90 percent of the agency's spending going to rehabilitating and maintaining existing roads and bridges [...]
Jan. 5: State Transportation Funding News RoundupCarolyn Kramer2018-01-05T17:14:48+00:00
Oct. 27: State Transportation Funding News
Gov. Phil Bryant (R) told attendees of the Mississippi Economic Council's 16th Annual Hobnob event on Oct. 25 that he would support putting a gas tax increase on the Nov. 2018 ballot for [...]
Oct. 27: State Transportation Funding NewsCarolyn Kramer2017-10-27T13:58:45+00:00
July 20: State Transportation Funding News Roundup
Updated resource! The "2013 – 2017 State Motor Fuel Tax Increases" Roundup provides a summary of all state legislation to increase taxes on motor fuel for transportation investment since 2013. The report provides [...]
July 20: State Transportation Funding News RoundupCarolyn Kramer2017-07-20T14:01:50+00:00

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


And if you're like the majority of people that have actually been desperate to dunk for years and years now, investigating different programs, training strategies, buying tools and technology developed to increase your vertical leap without any genuine results, you're more than skeptical. You're likely to be a disbeliever.
By the time you're done with all of the details listed below you're going to find out EXACTLY how the Vert Shock program is going to add double digit inches to your vertical leap nearly overnight, providing you the ability to leap higher and hanging in the air longer than you ever had the ability to the past.
The primary thing that separates the Vert Shock program from the rest of the pack is this program's unique capability to provide sensational outcomes– genuine results– faster than perhaps anything else out there.
Even simply a surface area level dive into the proof and reviews, in addition to the pails and containers of glowingly favorable reviews out there online, relating to the Vert Shock program will show you just how successful this solution actually is.
With the Vert Shock program, we are discussing a straightforward, systemized, and straightforward platform developed to do something and something much better than any other program out there– add a remarkable quantity of verticality to your leaping capability, almost right now.
You'll see that these people are not especially athletically gifted, do not have a 6 foot plus height advantage, and are the kinds of individuals that you would typically think have the ability to jump into the air, hang there for what feels like permanently, and then knock down a dunk with the type of force that you expect from somebody like Lebron James.
No. These are Average Joes, rec league warriors, and weekend pick up video game champions looking to gain an edge, gain back an action, and blow up in the air for the very first time ever to really poster a person.
The entire backbone of the Vert Shock program was conceived of, developed, and built be a former NCAA Department I and international professional basketball player by the name of Adam Folker.
After investing the majority of his young life going toe-to-toe with some of the very best worldwide at the excellent sport of basketball, Adam understood pretty quickly that people that might play "above the rim" were always going to have a substantial advantage over those that couldn't.
Now, Adam is a man that was always tall– simply a shade taller than NBA legend Kobe Bryant, in truth– and his natural verticality helped to make him a special gamer in his early high school days.
Nevertheless, he discovered first hand that height alone wasn't going to get him to the big leagues, and wasn't going to win him any extra time on the flooring in school, either. Sure he was a huge body– but he could not leap with the finest of them, and could not even dunk, all while having the ability to barely touch the rim FLAT FOOTED.
His coach sat him down, told him he had fantastic talent, vision, and a hell of a shot, but if he couldn't play above the rim he was never going to make it in the game at the greatest levels possible.
Going home that night, he dedicated himself to unlocking the tricks of verticality that would allow him to get his huge frame up off the ground and devoid of gravity– and kid did he!
The genuine "secret sauce" to leaping dozes of inches greater into the air practically over night come down to a three action chain of simple motions you NEED TO do to open your vertical leap.


text:
Nestled in the hillsides of Sonoma Mountain, Pfendler Vineyards is a family-owned winery dedicated to cultivating the finest estate-grown grapes.
Limited production offerings of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay capture the distinct qualities of our vineyards and the Petaluma Gap region of Sonoma Coast.
In 1992, Peter Pfendler planted the first vineyard on our family's Sonoma Mountain ranch with the goal of creating beautiful, hand-crafted wines. Since then, we have planted three additional vineyards that flow from the peak of the mountain to its base. The maritime influence of the Sonoma Coast touches each of our vineyards differently, providing a broad palate of exceptional, cool-climate flavors.
While Peter is no longer with us, his vision is the guiding star for the quality and beauty of the wines that we produce, and we celebrate his memory with each vintage. My goals are to continue to grow the finest-quality grapes for our wines, to further Peter's legacy of wildlife and land conservation, and to foster in our son, Nicholas, a love of our vineyard, our ranch, and in his father's words, "this big, green, beautiful Earth."
Kimberly Pfendler
Beginning with the 2017 vintage, Justin Harmon has joined the Pfendler Vineyards family as Winemaker. A chemical engineer graduate from University of Pennsylvania, Justin's winemaking training began in his hometown of Chicago, where an obsession and curiosity for wine inspired him to study enology textbooks published by UC Davis, while also fermenting wines in his basement.
After traveling to Sonoma County to work as a harvest intern for two vintages, he established Argot in 2007 from just a single ton of crushed Syrah. In 2011, he relocated to Santa Rosa to pursue winemaking full-time. As a close friend and mentee of Pfendler's founding winemaker, Greg Bjornstad, Justin has had extensive exposure to Pfendler wines over the past decade, tasting each vintage from barrel and bottle.
"Pfendler Vineyards has always made elegant wines that put the vineyard first," says Justin. "I am thrilled for the opportunity to work alongside Kimberly and make wine from her incredible property."
Justin Harmon
Winemaker (2017-Ongoing)
Pfendler's founding Winemaker Greg Bjornstad takes a hands-on approach during the growing season and employs gentle practices in the winery to allow an honest expression of the Pfendler's vineyards. Bjornstad has a degree in Viticulture from UC Davis. In 1991, Greg was selected for the coveted Château Lafite Rothschild internship, where he observed that great wine is inextricably linked to the vineyard. The process is one.
Bjornstad has held leadership roles in viticulture and winemaking for Newton Vineyards, Joseph Phelps Vineyards and Flowers Estate, and has consulted for many of the Sonoma Coast's most prestigious vineyards. Greg has brought a strong non-interventionist approach to the Pfendler wines, and shares Kimberly's passion for making wines that honor her family's land. Greg Bjornstad will continue to support Pfendler's vineyard management by providing data-based grape growing context through eVit, his viticulture database software startup.
Greg Bjornstad
Winemaker (2007-2016)
CreditsSite by Vin
Ecommerce by VineSpring
Item(s) have been added to your cart.


Visakhapatnam: Visakhapatnam has the second highest number of child care institutions (CCI) after Guntur (105). Apart from the registered CCIs, there are several unregistered ones as well. With the shocking incidences of sexual abuse of minors at shelter homes or CCIs reported from Bihar's Muzaffarpur and Uttar Pradesh' Deoria it seems it is time to take a stock of the existing CCIs in the state.
In AP, 800 CCIs are registered under Juvenile Justice (JJ) Act that house around 25,000 children. In Visakhapatnam district alone, 93 CCIs are registered under JJ Act and run by non-governmental organisations and the state. They have around 3,000 children residing in them. Ten of the 93 institutes are run by the women and child welfare department.
Even though, no such horrific instances have been reported so far from the CCIs in Andhra Pradesh, it does not take away from the fact that they are in a dismal condition. Most of them lack infrastructure, proper sanitation, medical and educational facilities, playgrounds, CCTVs and security, vocational training, trained counsellors or child psychologists and several other amenities.
The state government has directed the district administration to take certain steps towards running of CCIs by the government and NGOs to ensure a safe and protective environment. Recently, based on a government order Ms No 10, the state government also constituted an inspection committee under section 54 of JJ Act in 13 districts of AP to inspect child care homes periodically and girls' hostels regarding their safety, security and infrastructural measures. The inspection committee will submit a report to the government. Also, as per the directives of the Supreme Court, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) has awarded the task of conducting the social audit of child care homes in AP to the Academy of Management Studies. If CCIs are found functioning without licenses, stringent action would be taken by the Juvenile Welfare department. The chief functionaries of CCIs will be prosecuted under section 42 of JJ Act.
"I have observed that some CCIs lack adequate infrastructure like bedding, play grounds and recreational activities, proper sanitation and medical facilities, security, CCTV cameras, proper internal management education and vocational trainings. There's a lack of trained counsellors or child psychologists. Around 70% of CCIs are being run on individual donors or philanthropists' contributions. The government aid is not adequate," said advocate Abdul Raqueeb, who is a former member of child welfare committee and panel advocate of Juvenile Justice Board.
According to the women and child welfare department officials, in state-run CCIs, Rs 2,000 is allocated per child per month. Rs 1,400 is meant for diet and the remaining for clothes and bedding. As per government orders, CCIs across the state are being inspected.
He recommended sensitising the civil society and stakeholders on child protection, ensuring that the orphans, vulnerable children have access to opportunities to do well in life, providing them good quality education, building individual career plan and parental touch to each child.


If you have any questions please don't hesitate to call us on Boral Roofing's Portal Hotline at: 1-800-224-2024 - ext. 4111 or Customer Service at 1-800-669-8453.
If you are having a difficult time finding a customer use * as a wildcard or include the city, like ABC*Sarasota or Allied*Anaheim. The less you put in the longer the list will be to a maximum of 50.


text:
Q: Parsing table using nested FindElement with xpath (in JAVA) I'm a bit new to selenium and xpath and am curious if I'm doing something right and how findElement will behave. I've looked and looked for an example but I can't find one.
Given this Table (simplified but relevant)

          R1C1
          R1C2

          R2C1
          R2C2

If I use the following, will I have the info I'm expecting?
WebElement r1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr[1]"));
String r1c1 = r1.findElement(By.xpath("//td[1]")).getText();
String r1c2 = r1.findElement(By.xpath("//td[2]")).getText();

WebElement r2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr[2]"));
String r2c1 = r1.findElement(By.xpath("//td[1]")).getText();
String r2c2 = r1.findElement(By.xpath("//td[2]")).getText();

Alt:
String r2c1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table/tbody/tr[2]")).findElement(By.xpath("//td[1]")).getText();

Please keep in mind this is HIGHLY simplified in comparison to what I'm actually doing, but I'm confident the rest will work. My question revolves specifically around finding an element off of another element. And, no, there are no unique Class/ID tags I can utilize to specifically identify a given cell of the table.
Will this work as I expect it to? (I realize I could just try it, but then the answer wouldn't be available online for the next person to search for)

A: I would rather suggest to Keep It Short and Simple for a better Execution Performance.
If you want to getText() from the following four WebElements keep it as simple as :
String r1c1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table//tbody/tr/td")).getAttribute("innerHTML");
String r1c2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table//tbody/tr//following::td[2]")).getAttribute("innerHTML");

String r2c1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table//tbody//following::tr[2]/td")).getAttribute("innerHTML");
String r2c2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//table//tbody//following::tr[2]//following::td[2]")).getAttribute("innerHTML");


text:
People with personality disorders are seven times as likely to be on disability pensions as others. By comparison, anxiety and depression diagnoses raise the risk of a need for disability benefits just half as much. (Illustrative photo: Colourbox)
Insecure people find it hard to hold jobs
Insecure and frightened people often end up on the dole – living on disability pensions. Dishonest and manipulative people retain their jobs, according to a new Norwegian study.
Bård Amundsen
wednesday 10. December 2014 - 06:20
We all have our individual personalities and characteristics.
When a personality trait is sufficiently deviant as to create problems for the individual or his/her environment, psychologists and doctors say they have a personality disorder. Personality disorders can lead to enormous social, psychological and economic problems.
A study of young adult Norwegians shows that people who have a personality disorder that makes them insecure and introverted, or emotionally unstable, are far more likely than others to be given disability pensions by the country's welfare system.
On the other hand, persons with dishonest and manipulative personality traits are only half as prone to be on the dole as the average Norwegian.
In a study of nearly 3,000 Norwegians, researchers discovered that people who are manipulative and dishonest run just half the risk of having to live on a disablement pension as the general population. (Illustrative photo: Colourbox)
The study is based on diagnostic interviews with 2,770 Norwegians aged 19 to 36. These interviews were carried out from 1999 to 2004. These data were linked to the Norwegian National Insurance
Administration's recordings of disability benefits for a 10-year period.
Surprisingly strong link
"Very few people in Norway are given disability pensions on the grounds of having a personality disorder," says Dr Kristian Østby.
"However, there is a surprisingly strong association between personality traits and disability pensions."
Kristian Østby is one of the researchers behind the study, carried out by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in Oslo.
Ten different personality disorders
Norway's health officials have grouped personality disorders in ten categories: Paranoid, schizoid, dissocial (antisocial or psychopathic), emotionally unstable (borderline), dramatic, compulsive, anxious (evasive), dependent, narcissistic and passive aggressive.
The Norwegian study shows that the personality traits which particularly raise the risk of disability are diagnoses as emotionally unstable (borderline), schizoid (very detached and indifferent) and people who develop strong dependencies (lacking will power).
"We found that people who were emotionally unstable and ones who were very detached and socially insecure run a higher risk of being disabled," says Østby.
Seven-fold risk
If you have a personality disorder your risk of being unable to hold down a job can be seven times higher than for the general population.
"We were surprised by this strong link between personality traits and risk of disability," says Østby.
The risk of disability based on personality disorders was twice as high as for people with anxiety disorders or depression.
Antisocial persons
"But we found out something else that surprised us," says Østby.
"Persons with manipulative and deceiving personality traits run lower risks of ending up on disablement insurance than the general population. We hadn't seen that one coming."
Kristian Østby says that the results of the study fit in with his medical experience as a general practitioner.
"Many who are given disability are lonely people who lack self-confidence or have poor strategies for mastering daily-life situations."
"It is often suggested that we have a problem with rampant social security fraud and that many feign problems to avoid working and to get on the dole. But our studies don't confirm this. On the contrary, we see that those who are on disability pensions as a group tend to be less dishonest and manipulative than most others."
The doctor thinks this information should be given consideration in political debates about disability benefits.
Important for doctors and the welfare authorities
When family doctors assist their patients in applying for a disability pension the grounds given are often rather diffuse diagnoses linked to muscular and skeletal disorders, or anxiety and depression.
Hardly anyone is granted a disability pension primarily because of a personality disorder.
"Now that we have shown such a strong association between personality traits and disability, we who are MDs, social and welfare workers and politicians should be more aware of the link. Personality disorders often go undiagnosed. This is also important to remember," says Kristian Østby.
Abused children risk adult obesity
A large-scale Swedish study shows that persons who were subjected to physical, emotional or sexual abuse during childhood are more prone to becoming overweight as adults.
Suicide linked to loneliness in childhood
Boys who have spent large parts of their childhood in loneliness are exposed to a higher risk of suicide in later life, according to Swedish study.
Economic security for young Nordic adults wanes
Circumstances for jobless persons under the age of 25 in Sweden, Finland and Norway have changed dramatically the last 15 years. Many have become poor.
society and culture norway personality psychology work society & culture forskning.no


Yah, I see that too, when loading dojo/tests/cookie.html. It's from firebug.js, the code for "Fixing IE's console", and it throws an exception trying to evaluate console.log._fake.
It's related to the code in kernel.js for when has("dojo-guarantee-console").
The real IE8 loads fine, but still would be nice to fix.
There's a bigger issue here, which is the way in which firebug lite gets loaded.
Actually, this is no longer an issue, because I removed firebug-lite in #18727.


Export Import Data Carborandum Universal Limited Mgf, is a premier company that exports and imports goods from countries including , Austria and host of other countries.
Carborandum Universal Limited Mgf, is a premier company that exports and imports goods from countries including , Austria and host of other countries.
Carborandum Universal Limited Mgf is also a leading importer of GRINDING WHEELS, having HS Codes 68042220.


A total of 2,400 entries have been received for the public nominations phase of the 2nd edition of Ghana Makeup Awards.
Makeup Ghana, organisers of the award ceremony described the figure as unprecedented in the history of the award ceremony.
Public nominations came from all across Ghana, reflecting a nationwide interest in the Awards.
This nationwide participation can also be attributed in part to the regional tours across Kumasi, Tamale and Bolgatanga by the organisers.
Public nomination entries were received after the public was asked to nominate their best makeup artists, brands and retailers for various categories ahead of the Awards in April.
The Ghana Makeup Awards Board is currently undertaking a process to identify and shortlist unique nominees from the 2400 public nomination entries.
Shortlisted Nominees will submit their Official Awards Nominations to satisfy all requirements and prove their eligibility in various categories.
Four finalists per category will then be announced to compete formally in the 2nd Ghana Makeup Awards.
The 2nd Ghana Makeup Awards will be held on April 28 at the prestigious Kempinski Gold Coast City Hotel in Accra.
The awards are being held as part of a week-long celebration dubbed Makeup & Beauty Week, which among other objectives seek to highlight the economic impact of the Ghanaian and African Makeup and Beauty industries.
The Makeup and Beauty Week is to celebrate, reward and promote stakeholders in the makeup and beauty industry in Ghana.
They include artists, brands, retailers, wholesalers, consumers, industry advocates and public-sector partners of the makeup and beauty industry in Ghana.
The Makeup and Beauty Week also includes the Africa Makeup and Beauty Fair (AMB Fair) to showcase and connect the Ghanaian makeup and beauty industry to African and global consumers, vendors, partners and service providers.
AMB Fair includes exhibitions, workshops & seminars, training, makeup runway shows and live demos. Exhibitors are also expected from Nigeria and other parts of the continent.
The 2018 Makeup and Beauty Week is being organised by Makeup Ghana with the support of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture.


For more information, feel free to give us a call, send us an e-mail, or visit us. You won't be disappointed.
Best car we've ever owned.
Prices may change daily based on market conditions. All vehicles subject to prior sale and all vehicle prices are subject to change without notice. This may be due to, but not limited to, accessories or options added by our accessory specialists. We reserve the right to make changes without notice, and are not responsible for typographical or software errors. Photo may not represent the actual vehicle. APR available on approved credit. Advertised price excludes tax, VTR, registration, title security deposit and dealer doc fee of $499.50.


text:
1828 log cabin rebuilt at village
Illinois Stories, Mark McDonald was in Quincy on June 25th videotaping the rebuilding of the 1828 Fraser Log Cabin located in the Lincoln-era Log Cabin Village on Quinsippi Island. He interviewed John Gebhardt, President of the Friends of the Log Cabins (FLC), Helaman Haynie Contractor who is rebuilding the 1828 Fraser Log Cabin and Dan Conboy, FLC Board member. The finished program is to air locally on PBS Channel 27.1 (off air) or on Channel 8 on Cable this Thursday, July 9 at 7:30 PM; Friday, July 10 at 6:30 PM; and Wednesday, July 15 at 6:30 PM.
Background: The contractor Helaman Haynie with a crew of 3 (Chris Killpack, Parker Haynie and Belgrum Omar) from Alegre Builders LLC, arrived June 18th from Utah and in 11 days, rebuilt the 1828 Log Cabin. It was rebuilt on a foundation, above the 100-year flood level, by volunteers. Helaman and his crew: installed the floor; built the walls (using as many of the original 1838 logs as possible); installed the rafters, decking and a cedar shake roof; installed the basis for the period gable ends, chinked and daubed the spaces between the logs; installed two original windows; installed 2 door frames; installed a second window frame; and sealed up the openings on the 1828 Fraser Log Cabin. The Friends, over the summer, plan to do the chinking and daubing of the interior; install porches; and landscape around the cabin. The current plan is to rededicate the 1828 Fraser Log Cabin, which will be decorated by Jane and Paul Moody as a Pioneer School, during Frontier Settlement Day, scheduled for September 12th, at 11:00 AM.
The 1828 Fraser Log Cabin was originally a home for the James Frasier family and was a stage coach stop on the way to Ursa from Quincy, IL. The cabin was moved to Quinsippi Island sometime after 1968. It was resized from a dogtrot type cabin to a single cabin and was set up as the village school. The Quinsippi Island Entertainment complex began operations in 1968 and ran till approximately 1972 when it shut down. Stories have it, that the insurance for the Skyride, which carried folks from the former Holiday Inn to the island, got to be very expensive when a similar ride broke down at another Entertainment Complex in the U.S.. Eventually the Quinsippi Island Entertainment complex went bankrupt and many of the assets were sold: the Little Q Railroad engines, cars and tracks; a Merry-Go-Round; and a Ferris Wheel. But the Log Cabin Village was not part of the complex, as it was a separate operation ran by the Quinsippi Heritage Foundation. The village sat for a while, due to the unfortunate early death of their founder and leader of the Quinsippi Heritage Foundation, Paul Hensel. The village had a small revival in the late 80's, but then fell into lack of use by the public and a lack of maintenance. In 2005 the Park District/Board began to return the cabins to original documented owners. A group of concerned citizens formed and petitioned the Park District/Board to discontinue the practice and allow a new group to be formed called the Friends of the Log Cabins Association. They officially became a 501c3 nonprofit and an Illinois recognized Charity in 2007, with the mission to "save, restore, preserve and promote the utilization of the Log Cabin Village." They developed a web page at www.logcabinvillagequincyil.com an email address at logcabinvillagequincyil@gmail.com and a Facebook Page at: https://www.facebook.com/FriendsOfTheLogCabinVillageQuincyIl
Since all the cabins were of the 1800 vintage with the earliest one being 1828 and the newest one being 1850, it was decided to call it the Lincoln-era Log Cabin Village. The Friends have conducted a Frontier Settlement every year which is now on the 2nd Saturday in September.
John Gebhardt, President Friends of the Log Cabins Association Email: logcabinvillagequincyil@gmail.com or avtvman14@hotmail.com or 223-9078 (phone number not for publication) (if you call let it ring 3 times and go to the answering machine and start to leave a message. If we are there we will pick up, otherwise we will call back. We are doing it this way because of the abundance of telemarketing calls we have been getting).
Contact for the owner of the company Alegre Builder, is Helaman Haynie from American Fork, Utah, 84003 alegrebuilders@gmail.com, phone: 435.590.5314.
John Gebhardt, President Friends of the Log Cabins Association


The Art of Skin-Mapping: A Method of Determining your Internal Health from the Condition of Your Skin!
Skin-Mapping is an example of how ancient wisdom still reigns, but also how enlightened we've become in our quest for complexion perfection aligned with good health. It always amazes me how our internal health is reflected on the outside if we would only heed the messages.
Indeed, there's been a new surge of studies in an old therapeutic and pseudo-medical practice: Skin-Mapping. A technique that takes the condition of the skin in areas of the body and uses them to read internal health. Indeed, Dermalogica has made it part of their norm, the above picture shows the company's mapping zones.
The art of skin mapping is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and centuries-old Ayurvedic wisdom. It can determine the internal workings of your body by bringing notice to certain flare-ups or unusual blemishes on the skin.
Let's focus on seven regions and zones looked at in a skin-map reading. In my experience, these areas have the most tell-tale signs. Pay careful attention and see if the main skin-mapping zones mentioned here hold relevance for you.
Not only are your eyes the windows to your soul they're also the window to your health. Eyes can be indicative of the condition of your joints, intestines, thyroid gland and kidneys.
Clouded and puffy eyes can indicate poor nutrient absorption in your colon or small intestine. Yellowing signals a weak or fatigued liver; and, swollen eye bags can show lowered kidney function.
The nose has a very special job. It delivers messages of positive and negative internal functions with your bloodstream and heart. Biologically speaking, when zits, blemishes, and pimples arise on the nose, the internal system has flared up in heat. This is due to the connected nature of your nasal passage and your circulatory system.
Red colouration or excessive heat in the nasal area can be tied to issues in blood circulation. The colouring of your nose can change when blood is not adequately progressing to the heart or throughout the body. Many skin-mappers always use the nose as a pinnacle starting point when assessing health.
The sensors on the tongue can be indicators of clotting, internal toxin buildup, and lung issues. This is due to an accumulation of phlegm and other unwanted substances the body tries to dispel orally. The residue of these bodily fluids can cause a change in breath, orchestrated mainly by your tongue.
Another clear indication can be found in the form of a coating on the tongue, which can point to a buildup of toxins in the liver, lungs, and intestinal passageways. This could mean a detox is needed in order to rid the internal canal of harmful pathogens. A drink of cranberry juice or lime water daily for a week will get you on the road back to feeling fresh and new.
In skin-mapping, the area between your forehead is a clear gauge for problems surrounding the liver. The liver's job is to remove as waste toxins that are not needed after food and drink consumption.
When this process is impeded, the space between your eyebrows becomes reddened and itchy. Thus, the eyebrow area may begin to break out while the rest of the face stays clear. This may also bring about unwanted headaches, and in worse cases, head-pounding migraines.
This area shows the internal state of your lungs and kidneys. More focused on the lungs, outward pollutants—such as cigarette smoking, smog, and asthma—can cause damage to this area. Stress is another factor that can be damaging.
If you notice damage or sensitivity on the cheek area up your quota of green, leafy vegetables. They help to protect and promote healthy functioning of your lungs and your liver.
The chin in skin-mapping stands as a representation for the stomach and hormones. Eating too much of the wrong things can cause this area to break out, so limit yourself. If you have flare-ups on your chin area like blemishes, pimples, and cysts, this can be an indication of stomach pH and/or hormonal issues and a signal to clean up your diet.
The lips can give away the current internal state of your intestines, while also mapping your hydration levels. If your lips are chapped and stay chapped no matter how much moisture you apply to them, you may not be drinking enough water for your body type. Pale lips can indicate anemia and other blood-thinning conditions. Purple and blueish colours are a sure indicator of failing or corrupted internal oxygen levels.
All of the zones above can be indicators of our personal health. It's what skin-mapping is all about – it's the skin speaking (sometimes screaming) to us about our internal health.
Check yourself in the mirror to see what changes you can see – do they match up with how your body is telling you it feels? If you can't assess for yourself, you can always make a time to come and see me. I'd love to help out. Email me at hello@youology.co.nz.


text:
Das Westfälische Glockenmuseum befindet sich in Gescher, einer Gemeinde des Kreises Borken im Regierungsbezirk Münster.

Museum
Das Museum ist in einem denkmalgeschützten kleinen Haus untergebracht, welches im Jahr 1902 ursprünglich als Polizeiwache erbaut wurde. Gezeigt wird auf einer Fläche von etwa 465 m² eine rund 1.000 Stücke umfassende Schausammlung von Glocken, Glöckchen und Schellen, darunter unter anderem zwei Glocken aus der Römerzeit. An einem originalgetreu nachgebauten Arbeitsplatz kann man sich die Tätigkeit eines Glockengießers vorstellen.Das Museum besitzt, u. a. zu Demonstrationszwecken, eine eigene Gelbgießerei.

Im Jahr 2010 fand ein Umbau des Glockenmuseum statt bei dem eine große Ausstellungshalle und ein neuer Eingangsbereich angebaut wurden. Die Ausstellungsfläche konnte so nahezu verdoppelt werden.

Deutsches Glockenmuseum e.V.
Unter dem Dach des Westfälischen Glockenmuseums ist auch die Vereinigung Deutsches Glockenmuseum e.V. zu finden. Sie entstand im Jahr 1984 und widmet sich auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene der campanologischen Forschung. Sie befasst sich mit wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zum Thema Glocke und stützt sich dabei unter anderem auf die inzwischen etwa 4000 Werke umfassende Spezialbibliothek. Vermittelt und ausgetauscht werden die Ergebnisse in einem jährlich stattfindenden Kolloquium sowie in dem seit 1989 erscheinenden Jahrbuch der Glockenkunde.

Museum und Vereinigung bezeichnen sich gegenseitig als Kooperationspartner.

Siehe auch
Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock
Liste von Glockenmuseen

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Westfälisches Glockenmuseum Gescher
Deutsches Glockenmuseum e.V.

Museum im Kreis Borken
Glockenmuseum
Bauwerk in Gescher
Baudenkmal in Gescher
Verein (Nordrhein-Westfalen)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Wim Wenders directs this thought-provoking emotional drama, which explores the anxiety and disillusionment of post 9/11 America. Michelle Williams stars as Lana, who returns to the United States to begin her studies after years of living abroad with her missionary father. But instead of focusing on her education, Lana sets out to find her only other living relative: her uncle Paul (John Diehl), her deceased mother's brother. A Vietnam veteran, Paul is a reclusive vagabond with deep emotional war wounds. A tragic event witnessed by both of them opens their eyes to the wrongs of the world, and leads to a tentative yet meaningful family reconciliation.


text:
5xk » Rock » Se7enty Se7en - Tempting The Devil
Se7enty Se7en - Tempting The Devil Scaricare
Se7Enty Se7En Portugal Not Label Hard Rock Rock Roll 2000
Se7enty Se7en
Tempting The Devil
Hard Rock, Rock & Roll
1 Zero
2 Tempting The Devil
3 Heaven In Your Eyes
none Se7enty Se7en Seventy Seven (CDr, MiniAlbum, RE, Unofficial) Hard Rock Diamonds none Brazil 2014
Не сейчас. Se7enty Se7en - Tempting The Devil. Metal Militia. Se7enty Se7en discography all. A New Sensation 2001. Tempting the Devil. Se7enty Se7en. You can write one. Band Name Se7enty Se7en. Album Name Tempting the Devil. Type Album. 发布日期 2000. 出版公司 Self-Released. Heaven in Your Eyes. Buy this album. Tempting The Devil. Search Myspace. Start typing. DID YOU MEAN. Your search did not return any results. Havent heard Se7en yet Dont be scared. She isnt. Visit for a unique listening oppourtunity Dont miss the Se7en Sins Cd Relesase party October 24th. 910 Live Tempe AZ TIX AVAILABLE SOON. Se7en The Album. Ask anything you want to learn about Hamza Elajnef by getting answers on : Se7en stylized as Headshots: SE7EN is a compilation album by American hip hop duo Atmosphere. Recorded between 1997 and 1999, it was released only on cassette in 1999. It was re-released in sometimes stylized as Se7en is a 1995 American detective-psychological thriller film written by Andrew Kevin Walker and directed by David Fincher. The film stars Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman, with Gwyneth Paltrow, R. Lee Ermey, John C. McGinley, and Kevin Spacey in supporting roles. The newly transferred David Mills Pitt and the soon-to-retire William Somerset Freeman are homicide detectives who become deeply involved in the case of a sadistic serial killer Spacey whose meticulously planned murders correspond to the seven deadly sins: gluttony, greed, sloth, wrath, pride, lust and envy. Title: Se7en 2016. Se7en began training under a management agency YG Entertainment at the age of 15. After 4 years of training in voice and dance, Se7en made his debut in 2003 and became successful throughout Asia. His impressive vocal range, smooth dance moves, and his refusal to lip-sync during live performances has earned him accolades in the music industry as well as heartthrob status. Se7en has also acted the lead role of the Korean drama Goong S, a spin-off of read more. SE7EN Korean: 세븐, born Choi Dong-Wook, 최동욱, Hanja: 崔東昱, November 9, 1984 is an electropop and R&B singer from Seoul, South Korea
Simile ai Se7enty Se7en - Tempting The Devil
Kylie Minogue - Better The Devil You Know (Remix)
Paris - The Devil Made Me Do It (PROMO COPY)
Marti Pellow - Devil And The Monkey
Deathstars - All The Devil's Toys
Set My Path / Devil Shoots Devil - Set My Path / Devil Shoots Devil
Bill Wrinn - Devil Take New Orleans / Devil Take New Orleans
Key & Jck Vs. Darrell White - Dance With The Devil
Paris - The Devil Made Me Do It
Elearto - Tempting
Industrial Steve - New Jersey Devil


If your call quality is poor, it's probably due to one or more participants having a poor internet connection. This can cause dropped calls, delays, and low-quality audio and video.
Read on for some quick tips to help improve your call quality!
Note: observers' internet connections can also decrease call quality for active participants. Observers should follow the same steps listed below.
Close other tabs and applications. Live relies on having plenty of your computer's bandwidth to support the call. File sharing applications, streaming audio or video, downloading files, or even just having another browser open are all things that can eat up bandwidth.
If your device has low battery or is in power-saving mode, try plugging the laptop into a power source or switching it to maximum performance mode.
If network quality does not improve, consider ending this session and scheduling a follow-up for a time when all participants have access to a reliable, strong internet connection.


to design, implement and tune high level languages, compilers, networking software, database connections and the user experience for their flagship product.
You will be working alongside a team of highly talented and committed software developers and you will quickly have the responsibility to make visible and valuable contributions to their products. Management and bureaucracy is kept to a minimum and they will ensure you are provided with early responsibility to make your work rewarding. You will be immersed in all aspects of software development and gravitate towards the aspects enjoy most.
user experience for our flagship product.
As much computer hardware and software as you need.


If you run a factory or are involved in manufacturing or engineering, you need business insurance to protect your buildings, equipment, stock and liability risks.
It is important to make sure that you have the right cover at a reasonable premium.
Some types of insurance, such as employers liability are a legal requirement.
Other types of insurance may not be legally required but are essential to protect your business. An independent business insurance broker will be able to advise you accordingly and help you decide what you need.
You may also need specialist marine transit or cargo insurance for goods whilst in transit or stored in warehouses.
Look for an insurance broker that specialises in commercial insurance and offers a personal service. They will usually get you a number of factory insurance quotes from a range of reputable and financially sound insurance companies. They will then compare these for you and recommend the best policy, taking into account your requirements and the price.
Here at Breathe we have many years of experience in arranging factory insurance for many different types of manufacturers and engineering companies. We offer a personal service, help you decide what cover you need and compare quotes for you to make sure you have the right cover in place at the most competitive premium.
If you would like more information or a factory insurance quote from a Kent based broker, call us on 01622 620531, Email us or click the button below to request a quote.


text:
Bleary Road, Portadown
In every way that matters Lisa and Nathan Langtry's project in Co Armagh is a prime example of how to tackle a new build project; they had a clear vision of what they wanted and enlisted the expertise of others to produce a family home suited to their exact needs.
Lisa & Nathan Langtry
Glyn Owen, The Design Studio
WR Jenkins & Co Ltd
"We originally lived in a townhouse with a family of five and we were cramped, we knew it was time to move on," explains Lisa. "We got some land from my dad and went from there." "Architectural designer Glyn is a friend of ours and we spoke to him about building new, he showed us a few options. We consulted plans and magazines and came to the conclusion that we really wanted to build a barn type dwelling with a modern extension."
Lisa & Nathan had a clear vision of what they wanted and enlisted the expertise of others to produce a family home suited to their exact needs…
"The builder did everything – we just went to pick out the windows, the kitchen and bathroom including tiles and he then sorted out delivery and payment with those companies directly."
Building with stone also meant we needed large cement heads for the window openings and we have an arched window and that required a customised lintel, which was expertly manufactured by Craftstone and as soon as it was onsite the building went up very quickly."
Craftstone supplied Reconstituted Granite (Wet Cast) Sills & Lintols. All lintols were used as structural elements of the build.
thedesignworksstudio.com
Selfbuild.ie


text:
Q: iPhone, how do i make my toolbar the same black opaque as the nav bar? I'm using... (although I've tried other things)
Before I I tried, it looked like this..

tools = [[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 70, 44.01)];
//tools.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
//tools.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
//tools.barStyle = UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent;
tools.barStyle = UIBarStyleBlackOpaque;

This looks like this....

How can I match the navigation bar black opaque scheme ?

A: You shouldn't try to add a toolbar to a navigation bar.  They're not meant to work that way.  Instead, modify the navigation item for your view controller to display the controls you want.

A: Assuming you are trying to add a UIToolBar to a black opaque navigation bar as your pictures show, this blog post seems to provide the answer you're looking for:
http://blog.blackwhale.at/tag/uibarstyleblackopaque/
(Mirrored in case the blog goes away: http://miro.ir/xB8fW/blog-blackwhale-at_tag_uibarstyleblackopaque_)
It shows how to make a transparent UIToolBar that you can place on a black opaque UINavigationBar.


text:
Justia Dockets & Filings Fourth Circuit Maryland District Court Lyons v. PNC Bank , N.A. Filing 20
Lyons v. PNC Bank , N.A.
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge Stephanie A. Gallagher on 1/6/2021. (ols, Deputy Clerk)
Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 1 of 16 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND * * * * * * * * * * * WILLIAM T. LYONS JR., Plaintiff, v. PNC BANK, N.A., Defendant. * * * * * * * Civil No. 1:20-cv-02234-SAG * * * * * * MEMORANDUM OPINION William Lyons, Jr. ("Plaintiff"), filed suit against PNC Bank, N.A. ("Defendant"), alleging violations of the Truth in Lending Act ("TILA") and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA"). Currently pending is Defendant's Motion to Compel Arbitration, to Strike Class Action Demand, and to Stay Litigation ("the Motion"). ECF 10. I have reviewed the Motion, the opposition, the reply, and the parties' supplemental filings. ECF 10-1, 13, 16, 18, 19. No hearing is necessary. See Local Rule 105.6 (D. Md. 2018). For the reasons stated below, as to the compulsion of arbitration and the striking of Plaintiff's class action demands in Count One of his Complaint, the Motion will be granted in part and denied in part. The Motion will be denied insofar as it seeks to stay litigation of Count Two pending arbitration. Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 2 of 16 I. Factual and Procedural Background At this stage, there appears little dispute as to the basic facts of this case. 1 Plaintiff obtained a Home Equity Line of Credit ("HELOC") from National City Bank ("National City")2 on or about February 4, 2005. ECF 3 ¶ 13. At the closing, Plaintiff and National City signed an Equity Reserve Agreement ("HELOC Agreement"), which did not contain an arbitration clause or a class action waiver. ECF 9-4. The HELOC set a ten-year loan term and allowed Plaintiff to take draws up to a maximum amount of $149,650.00. Id. Separately, Plaintiff opened two deposit accounts at PNC: one on May 3, 2010, ECF 9-1, and one on July 6, 2016, ECF 9-2. As part of each transaction, Plaintiff signed a statement "agreeing to be bound by the terms and conditions of PNC Bank's Account Agreement for Checking Accounts and Savings Accounts[.]" Id. The Account Agreement included a set-off provision authorizing Defendant to charge the deposit accounts for "any loans, overdrafts, obligations, or other indebtedness . . . now or hereafter owing to us by you . . . ." ECF 9-3. The Account Agreement also specifies that Plaintiff granted PNC a security interest in his deposit accounts. Id. While the Account Agreement did not, when first agreed to by Plaintiff in 2010, include an arbitration clause or class action waiver, it did include a change-in-terms provision allowing Defendant "to amend this Agreement . . . from time to time," with such amendments becoming "effective 30 days . . . after notice of the amendment is posted in our branches, or by such other method of notice as we may deem appropriate or as may be specifically required by applicable law." Id. In February 2013, Defendant used this change-in-terms provision to amend The parties filed their supplemental briefings simultaneously, such that neither had a formal opportunity to respond to the other. 1 Defendant acquired National City in 2009 and is National City's successor in interest. ECF 3 ¶ 11. 2 2 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 3 of 16 the Account Agreement to include an arbitration clause and class action waiver. ECF 18-1 ¶ 6. As part of the amendment process, Defendant posted the 2013 amendments in its branches, highlighted the change on each customer's monthly statement, and also provided its customers, including Plaintiff, the right to opt out of the arbitration clause. ECF 18-1 ¶¶ 6-8. Plaintiff never did so, despite opportunities in February 2013, June 2014, November 2015, and November 2017. ECF 18-1 ¶¶ 6, 11, 12, 15, 16. On September 26, 2019, PNC used the set-off provision to make a payment due on the HELOC in the amount of $1,396.97. ECF 3 ¶ 17. To make this payment, PNC debited Plaintiff's deposit account ending 2553, which Plaintiff had opened with PNC on May 3, 2010. ECF 9 ¶ 17. On February 26, 2020, PNC used the set-off provision to apply another payment due on the HELOC, in the amount of $1,589.00. ECF 3 ¶ 25. To make this payment, PNC debited Plaintiff's deposit account ending 6411, which Plaintiff had opened with PNC on July 6, 2016. ECF 9 ¶ 25. II. Standard of Review "Motions to compel arbitration exist in the netherworld between a motion to dismiss and a motion for summary judgment," and "[w]hether the motion should be treated as a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment turns on whether the court must consider documents outside the pleadings." PC Const. Co. v. City of Salisbury, 871 F.Supp. 2d 475, 477-78 (D. Md. 2012); see also Iraq Middle Mkt. Dev. Found. v. Harmoosh, 848 F.3d 235, 241-42 (4th Cir. 2017) (adopting the district court's use of the summary judgment standard). Because resolution of this dispute requires consideration of contracts and other materials outside the pleadings, this Court will consider those documents and will apply the summary judgment standard—though, as previously noted, there do not appear to be any significant disputes of fact at this stage. 3 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 4 of 16 In general, under the Federal Arbitration Act ("FAA"), court must stay any proceeding that involves an issue subject to arbitration under a written arbitration agreement. See 9 U.S.C. § 3. The FAA makes written arbitration agreements "valid, irrevocable, and enforceable, save upon such grounds as exist at law or in equity for the revocation of any contract." 9 U.S.C. § 2. Congress enacted the FAA for the purpose of "revers[ing] the longstanding judicial hostility to arbitration agreements . . . and to place arbitration agreements upon the same footing as other contracts." Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20, 24 (1991); Shearson/American Express, Inc. v. McMahon, 482 U.S. 220, 225-26 (1987). Under the FAA, a court must compel arbitration where (1) interstate commerce exists, (2) a valid written arbitration agreement exists, and (3) the dispute falls within the scope of the agreement. See Glass v. Kidder Peabody & Co., 114 F.3d 446, 453 (4th Cir. 1997); see also 9 U.S.C. §§ 3-4. "[H]aving made the bargain to arbitrate, [a] party should be held to it unless Congress itself has evinced an intention to preclude a waiver of judicial remedies for the statutory rights at issue." Gilmer, 500 U.S. at 26 (internal citations omitted). "That is the case even when the claims at issue are federal statutory claims, unless the FAA's mandate has been overridden by a contrary congressional command." CompuCredit Corp. v. Greenwood, 565 U.S. 95, 98 (2012) (internal citations omitted). The burden is on the party challenging arbitration to show that "Congress intended to preclude a waiver of a judicial forum" for the claim at issue. See Gilmer, 500 U.S. at 26 (internal citations omitted). "If such an intention exists, it will be discoverable in the text of the [statute], its legislative history, or an inherent conflict between arbitration and the [statute's] underlying purposes." Id. (internal citations omitted). 4 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 5 of 16 III. Analysis A. Motion to Compel Arbitration i. The Scope of Dodd-Frank's Arbitration Ban Defendant attempts to compel arbitration using the Account Agreement governing Plaintiff's two different deposit accounts with the bank, which contain 1) a term permitting Defendant to garnish deposit accounts to pay off outstanding debts and 2) arbitration agreements for all matters that "arise[] out of or relate[] to" the Account Agreement. Plaintiff responds that federal law prohibits arbitration clauses in the context of mortgage-related transactions like the HELOC and that, regardless, the specific arbitration agreements at issue here are invalid for lack of consideration and mutuality. The disputed statutory provisions became law as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank"). While the FAA enshrines a general presumption in favor of arbitration, the Dodd-Frank Act "imposes, among its many initiatives, the refinement and restriction of" the policy favoring arbitration of certain claims. Pezza v. Investors Capital Corp., 767 F.Supp.2d 225, 226 (D. Mass. 2011) (quoting Preston v. Ferrer, 552 U.S. 346, 353 (2008)). Specifically, Dodd-Frank added 15 U.S.C. § 1639c(e) and 12 C.F.R. § 1026.36(h) to the Truth in Lending Act ("TILA"), the statute under which Plaintiff brought his first claim. The relevant statutory language regarding arbitration states as follows: (e) Arbitration (1) In general. No residential mortgage loan and no extension of credit under an open end consumer credit plan secured by the principal dwelling of the consumer may include terms which require arbitration or any other nonjudicial procedure as the method for resolving any controversy or settling any claims arising out of the transaction. ... 5 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 6 of 16 (3) No waiver of statutory cause of action. No provision of any residential mortgage loan or of any extension of credit under an open end consumer credit plan secured by the principal dwelling of the consumer, and no other agreement between the consumer and the creditor relating to the residential mortgage loan or extension of credit referred to in paragraph (1), shall be applied or interpreted so as to bar a consumer from bringing an action in an appropriate district court of the United States, or any other court of competent jurisdiction, pursuant to section 1640 of this title or any other provision of law, for damages or other relief in connection with any alleged violation of this section, any other provision of this subchapter, or any other Federal law. 15 U.S.C.A. § 1639c. The implementing regulation, meanwhile, states: (1) Arbitration. A contract or other agreement for a consumer credit transaction secured by a dwelling (including a home equity line of credit secured by the consumer's principal dwelling) may not include terms that require arbitration or any other non-judicial procedure to resolve any controversy or settle any claims arising out of the transaction. This prohibition does not limit a consumer and creditor or any assignee from agreeing, after a dispute or claim under the transaction arises, to settle or use arbitration or other non-judicial procedure to resolve that dispute or claim. 12 C.F.R. § 1026.36. There is limited precedent interpreting the scope of the foregoing provisions. It is clear from the plain language that, at the very least, mortgage notes and other security instruments directly tied to a mortgage loan cannot contain arbitration clauses, but the prohibition's reach beyond such clear cases remains unsettled. Against this backdrop, this Court must determine whether Plaintiff has carried his burden to show that Congress intended § 1639c to preclude arbitration where the dispute arises under a mortgage agreement, but the lender seeks to invoke an arbitration clause in a separate contract purportedly empowering it to unilaterally use funds from the mortgagee's deposit accounts to pay off the mortgage instrument. See Gilmer, 500 U.S. at 29 (establishing that it is a plaintiff's burden to show congressional intent to preclude arbitration). Here, the Court finds the statutory language to encompass the arbitration clause in the Account Agreement, where applied to a claim arising out of a HELOC. The HELOC under which 6 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 7 of 16 the Plaintiff is bringing suit is, by any definition, an "extension of credit under an open end consumer credit plan secured by the principal dwelling of the consumer." 15 U.S.C.A. § 1639c(e)(1). As its name suggests, the HELOC is a line of credit that Plaintiff can draw against and that is secured by Plaintiff's home. Had an arbitration clause been included in the HELOC, then, there can be no doubt that it would have been voided by the Dodd-Frank arbitration ban. The HELOC itself does not contain an arbitration provision, however—instead, the arbitration clause is located in the separate Account Agreement, which Plaintiff agreed to when he opened his deposit accounts with Defendant. The Account Agreement also included language authorizing Defendant to use set-offs from the deposit accounts to collect any loan payments due and granting Defendant a security interest in the deposit accounts. ECF 9-3 at 11. Defendant relied on these provisions to unilaterally make payments on Plaintiff's HELOC using money from his deposit accounts on two different occasions. ECF 9 ¶ 17, 25. It is this connection upon which Defendant relies to argue that arbitration is required, despite the fact that the HELOC itself contains no arbitration clause. Since Plaintiff's claims "arise out of or relate to" Defendant's unilateral set-off payments and the Account Agreement allegedly authorizing them, Defendant says the Account Agreement's arbitration clause should control. The question is, then, whether the fact that the arbitration provision exists in a separate agreement leaves it beyond Dodd-Frank's purview, despite the fact that the provision was invoked in the context of HELOC payments. Nothing in the statutory language restricts the covered mortgage credit transaction to the original loan documents. The statute refers only to "residential mortgage loan[s]" and "extension[s] of credit under an open end consumer credit plan," without specifying further what constitutes such "loans" or "plans". Defendant contends that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") has interpreted the scope of the arbitration ban as limited to the documents 7 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 8 of 16 memorializing a consumer's mortgage loan agreement, ECF 16 at 4, but that overstates the CFPB's guidance: the agency has merely articulated the common sense proposition that the prohibition does not "appl[y] to agreements that are not part of the credit transaction." Loan Originator Compensation Requirements Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z), 78 Fed. Reg. 11280, 11388 (Feb. 13, 2013). It has not defined the outer scope of "the credit transaction," and in fact has specifically noted that "[t]he prohibition applies to the terms of the whole transaction, regardless of which particular document contains those terms." Id. Thus, a term is covered by the Dodd-Frank arbitration ban if it is part of "the whole transaction." § 1639c(e)(1)'s plain language does not exempt terms from the arbitration ban simply because they appear in a document that also governs a separate and distinct bank-depositor relationship. To conclude that the Account Agreement's arbitration clause is not part of the HELOC credit transaction would be to improperly ignore Defendant's own intertwining of the Agreement with the HELOC. Terms that provide mechanisms for the payment of outstanding balances of the HELOC logically lie at the very heart of the credit transaction. After all, what is more central to a loan than terms implicating how the creditor will be paid and, perhaps even more importantly, how the creditor can secure the loan against non-payment? Indeed, it would be an extraordinary loophole in the statute to suggest it does not apply to this term providing Defendant with significant power to secure its HELOC loan simply because it is contained in a later-drafted document. Such interpretation would improperly allow Defendant to use the Account Agreement as both a sword and a shield. It would functionally eviscerate § 1639c(e)(1)'s ban on arbitration by allowing creditors to easily avoid the ban by memorializing key terms implicating the mortgage transaction in documents that also cover an ostensibly separate relationship between the parties. 8 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 9 of 16 Defendant's extensive reference to CMH Homes, Inc. v. Sexton is unavailing. 441 F. Supp. 3d 1202 (D.N.M. 2020). In CMH Homes, plaintiff financed and purchased a manufactured home, signing an arbitration agreement as part of the purchase agreement. Id. at 1205. Plaintiff later sought to cancel the purchase contract and brought suit, only for defendants to move to compel arbitration. Id. The court ultimately found that TILA's ban on arbitration clauses did not apply. It concluded that the dispute over revocation of the purchase arose out of the sale transaction rather the loan transaction, and § 1639c(e)(1) only applies to disputes arising out of credit transactions. Id. at 1208. CMH Homes is of little assistance to Defendant here, however, because this case unmistakably presents a "dispute[] concerning a credit transaction," which the CMH Homes court concluded that § 1639c(e)(1) plainly covered. The facts here, as alleged by Plaintiff, are that Defendant illegally used money from his deposit accounts to pay off the outstanding balance of his HELOC—the sort of settling up of an outstanding loan payment that unmistakably arises out of the credit transaction.3 Even if § 1639c(e)(1) applied solely to the documents directly constituting the mortgage and therefore did not cover the separate Account Agreement, the Agreement's terms allowing Defendant to pay an outstanding sum due on the HELOC certainly "relate to the residential mortgage loan" and would therefore be subject to the ban on arbitration clauses under § 1639c(e)(3) instead. Defendant argues at length that § 1639c(e)(3)'s language does not apply to Defendant's emphasis on the fact that it "seeks to enforce an Arbitration Clause set forth in the Account Agreement governing Plaintiff's deposit accounts, not in the HELOC Agreement governing Plaintiff's HELOC," ECF 16 at 6, ultimately confuses the issue. The critical decision point in CMH Homes was not where the arbitration agreement was located or out of which transaction it arose, but rather whether the dispute arose out of a credit transaction or not. Similarly, Defendant's focus on the fact that it acted pursuant to the Account Agreement, not the HELOC, matters little when Plaintiff's lawsuit explicitly bases its claims in violation of TILA's protections regarding the HELOC, not the Account Agreement. ECF 3 ¶¶ 49-51. 3 9 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 10 of 16 arbitration agreements, but his arguments fail for several reasons. First, § 1639c(e), of which § 1639c(e)(3) is a sub-part, is entitled "Arbitration." Defendant's attempt to categorize the latter as a separate "Waiver Ban" falls short, as the statute itself discusses waiver as part of its overarching arbitration section. See Almandarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 234 (1998) ("[T]he title of a statute and the heading of a section are tools available for the resolution of a doubt about the meaning of a statute.") (internal citations omitted). Second, while the plain language of § 1639c(e)(3) states that no provision "shall be applied or interpreted so as to bar a consumer from bringing an action in an appropriate district court of the United States. . . ., " Defendant now aims to bar Plaintiff from bringing an action in district court via this motion. Defendant states, correctly, that "a statute that creates a cause of action and that gives a plaintiff the right to bring the cause of action in court does not automatically preclude arbitration," citing extensive case law to this end. ECF 16 at 8-9. While "contractually required arbitration of claims satisfies the statutory prescription of civil liability in court," Greenwood, 565 U.S. at 101, § 1639c(e)(3) does not merely prescribe civil liability in court, but instead explicitly bars the waiver of one's right to have such liability determined in district court. That provision is unlike any addressed in the precedent Defendant cites. There is a substantive difference between, on the one hand, enshrining a cause of action but allowing agreements to arbitrate in lieu of pursuing it and, on the other hand, enforcing agreements to arbitrate where the statute clearly prohibits any waiver of the right to sue in district court. While the precedent cited by Defendant allows the former, the reasoning does not go so far as to justify the latter. Third, Defendant's surplusage arguments are unpersuasive. The two subsections of § 1639c(e) serve distinct purposes with separate meanings. § 1639c(e)(1) states that mortgage loan agreements cannot contain arbitration clauses in any form. § 1639c(e)(3), meanwhile, applies to 10 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 11 of 16 a broader range of agreements—any that "relate" to a mortgage loan—but applies a narrower proscription: they cannot bar borrowers from bringing suit in district court to invoke statutory causes of action. § 1639c(e)(3) would permit, for example, agreements relating to mortgage loans requiring arbitration for common law causes of action. Thus, while there may be overlapping situations like this particular case in which both subsections of § 1639c(e) are implicated, the respective subsections serve distinct purposes, and there is no superfluity. As a final attempt to stave off application of § 1639c(e) to its arbitration clause, Defendant suggests that the Account Agreement does not "relate to" the HELOC because the Agreement does not mention the HELOC specifically. In Defendant's view, the Account Agreement governs the relationship between a bank and its depositors separately from the consumer-mortgage relationship created in the HELOC. As outlined previously, this argument beggars belief where, as here, Defendant relied on the Agreement to pay off the HELOC by unilaterally taking funds from the deposit accounts in question and now seeks to compel arbitration using the Agreement in a dispute arising out of the HELOC. These circumstances are little different than in Attix v. Carrington Mortg. Servs., in which the district court concluded that an agreement relating to how mortgage payments could be made via phone "related to" the mortgage. 2020 WL 5757624 (S.D. Fla. Sep. 16, 2020). Here, the Account Agreement contains a term that, per Defendant's own apparent interpretation of it, empowers it to take money from Plaintiff's account in order to satisfy outstanding HELOC debt. It is, then, an agreement that has a role in determining how the mortgage instrument is paid, and therefore it clearly "relates to" the mortgage just like the agreement in Attix. § 1639c(e)'s ban on arbitration clauses applies to the arbitration clause in the Account Agreement here, whether via § 1639c(e)(1), § 1639c(e)(3), or both. 11 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 12 of 16 ii. The Retroactivity of Dodd-Frank's Arbitration Ban While the Account Agreement's language falls within the scope of the Dodd-Frank provisions barring arbitration clauses, Defendant points out that one of the two relevant deposit accounts predates Dodd-Frank's effective date. See 78 Fed. Reg. at 11387 ("[T]he Bureau is providing an effective date of June 1, 2013."). Several courts have considered whether DoddFrank's restrictions apply retroactively to contracts entered before June 1, 2013. Many of those courts have concluded that § 1639c(e) and 12 C.F.R. § 1026.36(h) only apply prospectively. See Trevisani v. Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC, No. 16-cv-63018, 2017 WL 7731792, at *5-6 (S.D. Fla. May 3, 2017); Davies v. Green Tree Servicing, LLC, Civil Action No. 3:14-1711, 2015 WL 3795621, at *11-19 (M.D. Pa. Jun. 18, 2015); Beckwith v. Caliber Home Loans, No. 3:15-cv00581-RDP, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 78332, at *7- 10 (N.D. Ala. Jun. 17, 2015); Weller, 971 F. Supp. 2d at 1077-79. This Court agrees. "Retroactivity is not favored in the law." Bowen v. Georgetown University Hospital, 488 U.S. 204, 208 (1988). Against the backdrop of this presumption against retroactivity, the fact that the statute does not include language evincing Congress's clear intent to give it retroactive effect is telling. See Landgraf v. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244, 259–60 (1994) (had Congress intended statute to have retroactive effect, "it surely would have used language comparable to . . . 'shall apply to all proceedings pending on or commenced after the date of enactment of this Act'") (internal citations omitted). Indeed, the presumption against retroactivity weighs especially strongly where retroactivity would "affect[] contractual or property rights, matters in which predictability and stability are of prime importance." Id. at 271. The contractual right to arbitrate is at the core of this dispute, and Supreme Court precedent makes clear that preserving established contractual expectations—like the expectation that a claim will 12 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 13 of 16 be arbitrated—is of the utmost import when determining retroactivity. The Dodd-Frank amendments codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1639c(e)(3) do not, therefore, operate retroactively. Here, Plaintiff opened the deposit account ending 2553 on May 3, 2010 and opened the deposit account ending 6411 on July 6, 2016. ECF 9-1 & 9-2. The May 3, 2010 deposit account agreement was updated to include an arbitration provision and a class action waiver effective February 1, 2013, and Plaintiff did not opt out of said agreement within the time period specified by Defendant. ECF 18-1 ¶¶ 8-9. The updated Account Agreement's effective date of February 1, 2013 was several months prior to the June 1, 2013 effective date of Dodd-Frank's statutory provisions banning arbitration. Plaintiff's TILA claim is based on one setoff that PNC applied against the 2010 deposit account, and one setoff applied against the 2016 deposit account. Since Dodd-Frank's arbitration ban does not apply retroactively, any claims related to the 2010 deposit account (and its related 2013 amendment to the Account Agreement adding the arbitration agreement) remain subject to arbitration. Therefore, Plaintiff's TILA claim must be arbitrated, to the extent it relates to the 2010 deposit account. The TILA claim related to the 2016 deposit account, for the reasons stated above, is governed by Dodd-Frank, and must proceed in this Court. iii. The Enforceability of the Arbitration Agreement Plaintiff raises a handful of additional arguments as to why, even if the Dodd-Frank statutory bar does not apply, the arbitration clause itself is invalid. Namely, he alleges that he never agreed to be bound to arbitrate, and that even if he did, the arbitration clause lacked both consideration and mutuality of obligation and is therefore illusory. ECF 19 at 2-4. These arguments lack merit. Maryland courts have explicitly affirmed that entities such as Defendant may amend customer agreements to include arbitration clauses, so long as the underlying customer agreement includes a change-in-terms provision and Defendant follows the applicable notice 13 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 14 of 16 procedures. See DIRECTV, Inc. v. Mattingly, 376 Md. 302 (2003) (recognizing that an arbitration provision added pursuant to a customer agreement's change-in-terms provision would have been enforceable had DIRECTV followed the notice procedures outlined in the agreement). Despite Plaintiff's contention to the contrary, the existence of a change-in-terms provision does not render an arbitration agreement illusory for lack of consideration or mutuality under Maryland law. Harby v. Wachovia Bank, N.A., 172 Md. App. 415, 425-26, (2007) (enforcing arbitration clause where change-in-terms provision gave bank "the right to change the terms of this Agreement and the fees, charges and other terms and conditions described in other documents incorporated by reference" and required bank to "notify you in writing at least thirty calendar days before the change will take effect if the change is not in your favor."). Here, when Plaintiff agreed to the 2010 version of the Account Agreement, it contained a change-in-term provision. Defendant went well above and beyond its own notice procedures when it amended the Agreement to include an arbitration clause later in 2013. It gave Plaintiff the opportunity to opt out from the arbitration at least four different times, to which he never responded. Thus, because the Account Agreement was properly amended to include an arbitration clause in accordance with Maryland law—and because this Agreement and the amendment both predate the effective date of the Dodd-Frank arbitration ban—Plaintiff's TILA claim must be arbitrated to the extent it relates to the deposit account opened in 2010. B. Motion to Strike Class Action Demand The enforceability of a class action waiver is a question for the court to decide. See Del Webb Cmtys., Inc. v. Carlson, 817 F.3d 867, 873 (4th Cir. 2016). The class action waiver found in the Account Agreement states that "If either you or we elect to arbitrate a Claim, neither you nor we will have the right . . . to participate in a class action . . . ." ECF 9-3 at 17 (emphasis added). 14 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 15 of 16 Its plain language explicitly makes the waiver contingent on arbitration. For Plaintiff's TILA claim arising out of the HELOC payments taken from the account created on June 2016, then, the class action waiver is not enforceable because the claim will proceed in this Court. Because the claim related to the 2010 deposit account is subject to arbitration, Plaintiff cannot assert a class action as to that claim. Plaintiff's primary argument to the contrary relies on § 1639c(e)(3)'s ban on waivers of statutory causes of action, ECF 13 at 11, but even if Dodd-Frank does preclude waiver of his class action right, it cannot be retroactively applied to the 2013 Account Agreement and related deposit account, as outlined in Section III(A)(ii). Plaintiff also points to the fact that he never agreed to arbitrate or waive his class action rights as part of the HELOC agreement, id. at 13, but that does not obviate the fact that he did agree to arbitration and a class action waiver when he declined to opt out of the 2013 amendment to the Account Agreement. By failing to opt out, despite notice and multiple opportunities to do so, he allowed Defendant to include the arbitration and class action waiver provisions, which apply to any claim that "arises out of or relates to" the Account Agreement. ECF 9-3 at 15. Plaintiff's TILA claim certainly "relates to" the Agreement, particularly given the FAA's broad presumption in favor of arbitrability. C. Motion to Stay RESPA Claim Pending Arbitration Defendant's arguments in favor of staying the RESPA claim are predicated on its belief that resolution of this claim would be impacted by the outcome of the TILA claim. Therefore, Defendant posits, deferring proceedings until the TILA claim is resolved via arbitration would promote judicial economy and conserve the parties' resources. However, because Plaintiff's TILA claim involving the deposit account opened in 2016 will proceed in this forum, it would be 15 Case 1:20-cv-02234-SAG Document 20 Filed 01/06/21 Page 16 of 16 inefficient to stay the RESPA claim. The claims will be heard together, and the Motion to Stay is denied. IV. Conclusion For the reasons set forth above, Defendant's Motion to Compel Arbitration, to Strike Class Action Demand, and to Stay Litigation, ECF 10, will be granted in part and denied in part. Specifically, with regard to Plaintiff's Count One TILA claim pertaining to the HELOC payment taken from the 2010 deposit account, the Motion will be granted—arbitration will be compelled and the class action demand will be stricken. With regard to Plaintiff's Count One TILA claim pertaining to the HELOC payment taken from the 2016 deposit account, the Motion will be denied, and the claim will be permitted to proceed in this Court, along with its accompanying class action demand. Defendants' Motion will be denied insofar as it seeks to stay litigation of Count Two of the Complaint pending resolution of the arbitration. 4 Dated: January 6, 2021 /s/ Stephanie A. Gallagher United States District Judge This Court will not dictate to the parties when the arbitration should proceed vis-à-vis this litigation, despite some potential risk of inconsistent verdicts between the arbitrated and litigated claims. 4 16


text:
John O'Brien
Pipes / Whistle
John O' Brien hails from one of Ireland's prominent musical families. He studied classical piano at the Dublin College of Music from an early age. At 13 he began playing uilleann pipes learning from his older brother Mick O' Brien who is one of Ireland's foremost pipers.
John has toured extensively in the U.S, Europe and Japan since his early teens and performed in venues from Carnegie Hall and Radio City Music Hall in New York to The Apollo Theatre in London. He joined Riverdance - The Lagan Company in late 1997 before becoming the uilleann piper with Riverdance on Broadway in 2001. John has also featured as a solo artist on numerous commercial DVD recordings including Live at St. Patrick's Cathedral, The Voice of Hope with Tommy Fleming and the platinum selling DVDs 'Celtic Woman' and 'Celtic Woman A New Journey'. His television credits include the RTÉ series The Island plus various other programmes for RTÉ, BBC and UTV.
John established his own group Reel Deal joining forces with Deiseal founding member Niall Ó Callanáin and fiddler Maireád Nesbitt. More recently he has collaborated with renowned Kerry musician Paudie O' Connor and this pipes and box duo will shortly release an album featuring an innovative take on music from the Sliabh Luachra region.
He has performed at the National Theatre of Ireland and has played and recorded with a variety of international acts including The Irish Tenors, Dolly Parton, The Celtic Tenors, Nikola Parov, Ragús and Sessions from the Hearth. A versatile player, John is greatly in demand as a session musician working with David Hayes, Bill Whelan, Brian Byrne, Seamus Brett and the Irish Film Orchestra.
John is also a qualified primary school teacher and has delivered workshops and masterclasses in uilleann pipe playing as far afield as New Zealand.
I R I S H D R E A M S T H E S H O W
© 2014 Spotlight Productions