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text:
Celebrando es el trigésimo sexto álbum de estudio del cantante y compositor mexicano Juan Gabriel, publicado el 4 de diciembre de 2012. Contiene 13 canciones que son nuevas versiones de sus éxitos clásicos.

Lista de canciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Álbumes de Juan Gabriel
Álbumes de Fonovisa Records
Álbumes en español

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A Farewell To Dr. Doyle
Farewell Dinner to Conan Doyle is an article published in the New-York Tribune on 8 december 1894.
New-York Tribune (8 december 1894)
He Tells The Aldine Club How America Has Impressed Him.
When Dr. A. Conan Doyle reached this country some two months ago the members of the Aldine Club welcomed him, and last evening they gave him a farewell dinner.
Hamilton Mabie, as president of the club, presided and introduced the guest of the evening, whose presence, he said, represented an international affair, because Dr. Doyle was an Irishman by blood, was born in Scotland and spoke English.
Dr. Doyle's remarks were inclined to be of a retrospective character, and, judged from them, his American retrospect is a sincerely pleasant one. He said he felt like a hurdler who had taken all the obstacles, and they were represented by the East, the West, the North and the South of this broad land, but the greensward between would always appear to him as the Aldine Club. It would require the quiet of his study to separate the powerful impressions he had received while in this country. At present they were only a chaotic mass. The panorama which was whirling in his mind contained visions of the Hudson, with its chain of old Dutch towns; a delightful glimpse of the industry of the manufacturing West, and another of Chicago, which reminded him of a half-grown boy who was always outgrowing his clothes. A view of staid old Philadelphia brought back placid memories of rural England, and so he went on describing briefly all the cities he had visited and ended by saying that when he left he should leave a part his heart behind.
Sir Henry Cunningham, the English author, paid a loving tribute to the memory of James Russell Lowell, and other speeches were made by "Bill" Nye, F. Hopkinson Smith, David Christie Murray, the Rev. Dr. Henry van Dyke, Thomas Nelson Page, Frank R. Lawrence, Ripley Hitchcock, Captain J. T. J. H. Doyle, John Burroughs, Noah Brooks, William Cary and others. Some of those present were Samuel S. McClure, William W. Appleton, John Brisben Walker, William W. Eilsworth, Frank H. Dudd, Charles E. Merrill, William R. Howland, John H. Drudy, Frank P. Foster, Joseph I. C. Clarke, Alfred C. Barnes, J. Aspinwall Hodge, jr., Heromich Shugio, Charles J. Mills, Samuel L. Dobbins, Gilman H. Tucker, A. D. Chandler, James Stokes, James B. Pond, F. H. Scott, Albert Shaw, J. Cleveland Cady, Bleecker Van Wagenen, R. H. Robertson, Chalmers Dale, Lawrence F. Abbott, Cyrus H. K. Curtis, Daniel C. Beard, George Wharton Edwards, Edward D. Appleton, Thomas F. Clarke, Alexander W. Drake, Francis L. Hine, David A. Munro, John A. Greene, Walter H. Page and Theodore E. Smith.
Back to Conan Doyle
Retrieved from "https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=A_Farewell_To_Dr._Doyle&oldid=65928"

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Girls from what im reading I think it all sounds very positive from you both!! Pup mine was FET as I had a freeze all cycle back in March/April due to OHSS, was heartbroken at the time but obviously it was totally worth it now!!
Yeah totally identical to period pains... down there and across the back!! The only reason I tested on day 9 was because I got light headed and felt abit yucky when eating a chippy for dinner lol so it was like 7.30pm wen I tested to, it was also a first response test!! Other symptoms when I look back now was definitely tiredness and abit moody lol Massive good luck to you all girls!!
Odi they are only putting 1 back as the are at blastocyst stage and I'm only 28, I did ask about 2 but they said no way!! I'm just treating that as a good thing and focusing on the fact it means my embryo is perfect!! Thanks babydream!! Good luck bbird!!


text:
A PROCESS FOR TREATING A COMPOSITION HAVING A TRIMETHYLOLALKANE BIS-MONOLINEAR FORMAL
A process for treating a composition having trimethylolalkane bis-monolinear formal,comprising subjecting trimethylopropane monocyclic formal (tmp-mcf) or trimethlolethane monocyclic formal (tme-mcf) to a transalcoholysis reaction with excess monohydric or dihydric alcohol having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms at an elevated temperature and in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce trimethylolpropane (tmp)or trimethylolpropane (tme)respectvely,and an acetal by-product,wherein less than 15 of the acid catalyst in the reaction results in a ph of the reaction of less than 4.
TREATMENT OF A COMPOSITION CQMPRISING A TRIMETHYLOLAKANE
BIS-MONOLINEARFORMAL
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 09/324,435 filed June 1,
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a novel process for treating a composition comprising a
trimethylolalkane bis-monolinear formal such as that obtained as a heavy ends residue from
the purification of a crude trimethylolalkane product, to obtain useful compounds.
Description of the Related Art
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) and trimethylolethane (TME) are well-known chemical
commodities used as intermediates in the production of a wide variety of products, e.g.,
varnishes, alkyd and polyester resins, synthetic drying oils, urethane foams and coatings,
silicone lube oils, lactone plasticizers, textile finishes, surfactants, epoxidation products, etc.
TMP and TME are made by reacting one mole of n-butyraldehyde or propionaldehyde
respectively with an amount in excess of 3 moles of formaldehyde in an aqueous medium and
in the presence of an alkaline condensation agent. However, these conditions result in the
formation of not only TMP or TME, but also various higher boiling impurities. Thus it is
necessary to subject the crude TMP or TME product obtained from the reaction to a
purification process including distillation and solvent extraction steps, not only to separate
relatively pure TMP or TME from excess formaldehyde, water, and basic condensation agent,
but also from the higher boiling impurities.
A critical step in the purification process for obtaining relatively pure TMP or TME
from the crude product of the reaction is a vacuum distillation or "flashing" of the bulk of the
TMP or TME produced in the reaction, which is thus removed as a vapor from the higher
boiling impurities remaining behind as a liquid heavy ends residue. While the residue may
still contain some TMP or TME, the percentage of such desirable compound is fairly low and
is difficult to recover economically. Furthermore, several of the high boiling impurities
produced by the reaction in fairly large amounts have only limited commercial value. Thus,
any expedient for treating the heavy ends residue, or any compound present in such residue in
large amount, so as to convert at least a portion of such compound to TMP or TME and/or
other more valuable compounds, would be very desirable.
U.S. Patent No. 3,076,854 issued February 5,1963 to Klein, discloses the purification
of crude TMP product by a process comprising extracting the reaction liquor with a water
immiscible solvent for TMP, e.g., n-butanol or amyl alcohol, subjecting the extract to further
extraction with water to obtain a re-extract containing TMP contaminated with metal formate
and polyhydric by-products; separating the aqueous re-extract from the stripped solvent,
heating the contaminated TMP with methanol or other lower alkanol and a mineral acid to
convert the metal formate to a salt of the added acid, and further treating the aqueous TMP
re-extract with an acidic cation-exchange resin to remove metal ions from the solution.
British Patent No 1,290,036 discloses a process for removing trimethylpropane
monomethyl formal from a crude TMP product by treating the product with a sulfonic acid
cation exchange resin. The trimethylolpropane monomethyl formal decomposes to form
trimethylolpropane monocyclic formal and methanol.
German Democratic Republic Patent No. 142184 discloses a process for the recovery
of TMP from higher boiling residues comprising adding water and methanol to the residues
such that they contain at least 15 wt.% of water or 10-40 wt.% of methanol, pretreating the
residues with a cation exchange resin to remove traces of condensation agent contained in the
residues, treating the residues under distillation conditions with a highly acidic, highly
crosslinked cation-exchange resin with a polystyrene base, and recovering the TMP formed
by conventional separation means.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As part of the invention disclosed herein, it has been discovered that a major
proportion of the heavy ends residue obtained after removing the bulk of the TMP or TME,
excess formaldehyde, water, and basic condensation agent, is a trimethylolalkane
bis-monolinear formal having the formula,
where R is ethyl in the case of trimethylolpropane bis-monolinear formal (TMP-BMLF) CA
Index Namel,3-Propanediol, 2,2"-[methylenebis(oxymethylene)]bis[2-ethyl-], CAS No.
[93983-16-5] or methyl in the case of trimethylolethane bis-monolinear formal (TME-BMLF)
CA Index Name 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2"-[methylenebis(oxymethylene)]bis[2-methyl-], CAS
No. [636073-72-5]. Thus, in accordance with the broadest aspect of the invention, a
composition comprising a substantial percentage, e.g., at least about 40 wt.%, of TMP-BMLF
or TME-BMLF, no more than about 5 wt.% of water, and no more than about 0.5 wt.% of
methanol, all percentages based on the total weight of the composition, is contacted with a
strong acid catalyst at an elevated temperature and a sufficient period of time to convert a
significant amount of said TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF to TMP or TME and the
corresponding trimethylolalkane monocyclic formal having the following formula,
where R is ethyl in the case of trimethylolpropane monocyclic formal (TMP-MCF) CA Index
Name l,3-Dioxane-5-methanol, 5-ethyl, CAS No. [5187-23-5] or methyl in the case of
trimethylolethane monocyclic formal (TME-MCF) CA Index Name l,3-Dioxane-5-methanol,
5-methyl, CAS No. [1121-97-7]. The additional TMP and TMP-MCF or TME and
TME-MCF produced by the process have considerably greater value than the TMP-BMLF or
TME-BMLF consumed. In many instances the composition treated is a heavy ends residue
obtained from a crude TMP or TME product in the course of a purification treatment after the
bulk of water, excess formaldehyde, basic condensation agent, and purified TMP or TME
have been separated.
The composition subjected to the acid treatment of this convention will in many
instances contain, for example, at least about 10 wt.%, preferably at least about 20-30 wt.% of
TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF, generally anhydrous to no more than about 5 wt.%, preferably
no more than about 1.0 wt.% of water, and no more than about 0.5 wt.%, preferably no more
than about 0.1 wt.% of methanol. In addition, the composition being treated will usually
contain no more than about 5 wt.%, preferably no more than about 0.6 wt.% of any
compound in free form having an atmospheric boiling below that of water, such as
formaldehyde. The composition is contacted at an elevated temperature, e.g., about 30°C to
about 300°C preferably about 90°C to about 220°C, with a strong acid catalyst, for a period
of time, e.g., of about 2 to about 8 hours, preferably about 1 to about 6 hours, sufficient to
convert a significant amount of the TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF to TMP and TMP-MCF or
TME and TME-MCF respectively.
Any strong acid can be used as a catalyst for the process of the invention. While such
acid may be an inorganic acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric, it is preferred in most instances
to employ an alkanesulfonic acid such as methanesulfonic acid, an arylsulfonic acid such as
toluenesulfonic acid, or a sulfonated cation-exchange resin in acid form, e.g., a sulfonated
polystyrene-based cation exchange" resin. The amount of acid may vary widely, but is often
in an amount such that the acidity of conversion reaction is in the range, for example,
equivalent to the acidity contributed by the strong acid, less than about 15 wt.% , preferably
about 0.3 to about 1.3 wt.%.
Generally a strong acid is added in sufficient amount to result in a pH range of the
reaction of less than about 4, and preferably between about 2 and 3, purified BMLF has been
found to optimally convert to TMP at about 102°C, pH of about 2.35 in about 4 hours:
As suggested previously, a small amount of water under 5 wt.% may be present in the
composition subjected to the acid treatment of this invention. Furthermore, an additional
amount of water is produced by the conversion of TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF to TMP-MCF
or TME-MCF respectively. Although not necessary to obtain the advantages of the process,
it may be desirable in some instances to keep the amount of water at a lower level than would
ordinarily occur. For this purpose a minor amount, e.g. less than about 15 wt.% preferably
less than about 10 wt% based on the weight of the composition, of a compound which forms
a low boiling azeotrope with water and is substantially immiscible with any of the
components of the composition, may be added prior to the initiation of the reaction. Such
compound is preferably a hydrocarbon, e.g., cyclohexane, toluene or benzene.
As stated, the process of the invention results in the conversion of a significant
amount of the TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF in the initial composition to TMP and TMP-MCF
or TME and TME-MCF respectively. For example, in the case ofTMP, it has been found
that the product resulting from the acid treatment of the process of the invention may contain
at least about 5 wt.%, more TMP-MCF than was present in the initial composition subjected
to such acid treatment, based on the weight of the total composition.
Conversely, for example, the amount of TMP-BMLF in the product was found to be
reduced by at least about 70 wt.%, of that in the initial composition based on the weight of
TMP-BMLF before the acid treatment.
As described previously, the composition subjected to the acid treatment of this
invention will in many instances be obtained as a heavy ends residue from a process for
producing TMP or TME by reaction of n-butyraldehyde or propionaldehyde with
formaldehyde in an aqueous system in the presence of a basic condensation agent such as
sodium hydroxide. Such a residue is obtained from the purification of the product of the
reaction including the following steps: 1) removal of excess formaldehyde; 2) removal of
water; 3) separation of TMP or TME and higher boiling impurities from the liquid being
purified, and the basic condensation agent and, 4) heating the crude TMP under vacuum to
flash off and recover the TMP or TME having a high degree of purity. The remaining residue
is the heavy ends residue containing high boiling impurities contemplated for acid treatment
under this invention.
When the composition being treated is the heavy ends residue from a TMP process as
described previously, such composition usually contains, in addition to TMP-BMLF, TMP in
an amount, e.g. less than about 60 wt.%, typically often about 8 to about 20 wt.%; less than
about 15 wt.%, typically about 7 to about 10 wt.% of di-trimethylpropane (Di-TMP). The
amount of TMP-MCF present in said heavy ends residue is generally lower than the latter
compounds, usually less than about 0.1 wt.% and often non-detectable.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, TMP-MCF or TME-MCF in the
composition resulting from the process of the invention is subjected to a transalcoholysis
reaction with an excess of a monohydric or dihydric alcohol, e.g., containing 1 to about 6
carbon atoms, at an elevated temperature, e.g., about 30°C to about 300°C, in the presence of
an acid catalyst, e.g., any of the same acids disclosed previously in connection with the acid
treatment of TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF, to produce additional TMP or TME and an acetal
by-product which is often commercially desirable. Thus, for example, the TMP-MCF or
TME-MCF in the composition resulting from the acid treatment of the invention may be
reacted with excess methanol to produce additional TMP or TME and methylal, useful as a
solvent, in organic synthesis, in perfumes, in adhesives, etc., while TMP-MCF or TME-MCF
may be reacted with excess ethylene glycol to produce additional TMP or TME and 1,3-
dioxolane, useful as low-boiling solvent and extractant for oils, fats, waxes, dyes and
cellulose derivatives.
In addition to their use an intermediate in transalcoholysis reactions to produce
additional TMP or TME and other useful compounds, TMP-MCF and TME-MCF may be
used to produce useful products by other reactions. Thus, as disclosed in U.S. Patents
4,076,727; 4,207,155 and 4,876,368, acrylate and methacrylate esters of TMP-MCF and
TME-MCF may be prepared which are useful as reactive monomers in the preparation of
coating compositions, plastic films, fibers, plastic coatings and, in particular, as diluents in
various unsaturated systems, especially ultraviolet curable coating compositions.
The following examples further illustrate the invention. Small amounts of water were
removed from the system utilizing cyclohexane as an azeotroping agent.
Examples 1 and 1A
In Example 1, a round-bottom flask, equipped with an overhead stirrer, Dean Stark
trap with condenser, and a heating system, was charged at ambient temperature with 91.30
grams of a previously analyzed, heavy ends residue obtained from the purification of a crude
TMP product as described hereinbefore, 12.53 grams of cyclohexane, and 0.25 grams of
methanesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The charge was heated to 98°C over a period of 90 min.,
and a sample of product withdrawn and analyzed.
In Example 1 A, the procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the charge was
heated to 110°C over a period of 275 min.
The compositions of the initial heavy ends residue feed and the treated compositions
of Examples 1 and 1A in terms of weight percentages of the most significant components
based on the weight of the total composition are shown in Table I.
The procedure of Example 1 and 1A was followed, except that the initial charge was
462.00 g of heavy ends residue, 69.19 g of cyclohexane and as catalyst, 69.19 g of sulfonated
acrylic-polystyrene based cation exchange resin in acid form sold as "Amberlyst 36 (dry)" by
Rohm and Haas Co. In employing the solid resin catalyst of this example, the experimental
apparatus was modified as follows: The resin was weighed and poured into a "mesh-wire
stainless steel basket" which was attached to the stirring shaft. This basket was shaped like
an "X" and had four components which were filled with resin. Once filled, the basket was
connected to the overhead stirrer motor. Each side of the "basket" had a length of-7.5 cm, a
width of 4 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm and was made using wire with ~42 mesh size. The
design and use of the basket allowed heavy ends residue to have intimate contact with the
solid acid resin as well as preventing degradation of the solid catalysts due to "grinding" from
the stirrer blade.
The charge was heated from 25 to 99.6°C in 190 min. and kept between 99.5 °C and
99.8"C for an additional period of 180 min. (total heating time 370 min.). The composition of
withdrawn samples at various time intervals and temperatures are shown in Table II. "N/D"
means non-detectable.
The procedure of Example 2 was followed, except that the initial charge consisted of
709.43g of heavy ends residue, 96.00g of cyclohexane and as catalyst, 67.35g of sulfonated
Rohm and Haas Co.
The charge was heated from 25°C to 95.7°C in 295 min. and the composition of
withdrawn samples at various time intervals and temperatures are shown in Table III.
157.85 grams of heavy ends residue, 24.58 grams of cyclohexane, and, as catalyst, 0.86 gram
of a modified toluenesulfonic acid sold as "Witco TX Acid" by Witco Chemical Corp.,
containing 1.0 wt.% of moisture and 2.0 wt.% of sulfuric acid, and having a melting point
under 15°C, a specific gravity at 254"C of 1.30 and an acid number of 330. The charge was
heated from 25 °C to 200°C in 182 min. and the compositions of withdrawn samples at
various time intervals and temperatures are shown in Table IV.
186.54 grams of heavy ends residue, 24.82 grams of cyclohexane and 0.92 grams of modified
toluenesulfonic acid catalyst. The charge was heated to 1210C in 138 minutes and kept
between 12TC and 133°C for an additional 265 min. for a total heating time of 403 min. The
composition of withdrawn samples at various time intervals and temperatures are shown in
Table V.
As indicated in the data shown in the foregoing tables of Examples 1-5, an acid
treatment under the conditions of the invention of a heavy ends residue obtained from the
purification of a crude TMP product containing a substantial percentage of TMP-BMLF
results in the conversion of the bulk of the TMP-BMLF to TMP and TMP-MCF. A
corresponding acid treatment of the heavy ends residue obtained from the purification of a
crude TME product results in a similar transformation of the TME-BMLF in such residue to
TME and TME-MCF.
As stated previously, TMP-MCF or TME-MCF in a composition.resulting from the
process of the invention may be subjected to a transalcoholysis reaction wjth an excess of a
monohydric or dihydric alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce additional TMP
or TME and a valuable acetal by-product. The reaction may be carried out at a temperature,
for example, of about 20"C to about 400°C, preferably about 25°C to about 300"C and more
preferably about 35°C to 210°C, and may be carried out for a period, for example, of about 0
to about 300 minutes, preferably about 60 to about 240 minutes.
The monohydric or dihydric alcohol reacted with TMP-MCF or TME-MCF may
contain, for example, 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, such as methanol to produce methylal,
ethylene glycol to produce 1,3-dioxolane, 1-propanol to produce di-1-propoxymethane,
2-propanol to produce di-2-propoxymethane, or 2-bromopropanol to produce
di-2-bromopropoxymethane, each in addition to TMP or TME. As also mentioned
previously, the acid catalyst for this reaction may be any of the strong liquid or solid acid
catalysts disclosed as suitable for catalyzing the reaction between TMP-BMLF or
TME-BMLF to form TMP-MCF or TME-MCF and additional TMP or TME respectively.
The reaction of TMP-MCF with ethylene glycol (EG) to produce 1,3-dioxolane and
additional TMP, for example, proceeds in accordance with the following equation:
The amount of monohydric or dihydric alcohol may be in the range, for example, of
slightly above the stoichiometric amount necessary to react with TMP-MCF or TME-MCF to
produce additional TMP or TME and an acetal by-product, i.e. two moles of a monohydric
alcohol or one mole of a dihydric alcohol per mole of TMP-MCF or TME-MCF, or up to
about 5-20 fold excess above such stoichiometric amount. The actual amount utilized
depends on various factors known to those of skill in the art, for example, the alcohol used,
and concentration of reactants in the process stream, among other factors.
The TMP-MCF or TME-MCF reacted with the monohydric or dihydric alcohol may
be relatively pure material, such as that obtained by further distilling the TMP-MCF or the
TME-MCF containing material obtained by the acid treatment under this invention of the
TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF containing heavy ends residue remaining after the separation of
the bulk of the TMP or TME, excess formaldehyde, water and b"asic condensation agent from
the reaction product of n-butyraldehyde or propionaldehyde with formaldehyde. Such a
conversion of relatively pure TMP-MCF with ethylene glycol (EG) is illustrated in Example
To apparatus as described in Examples I and IA was first charged EG (50.5 grams,
0.82 moles), then TMP-MCF (30.25 grams, 0.21 mole) and finally methanesulfonic acid
(MSA) as a 70 wt.% solution (0.13 gram, 0.001 mole). Then the reaction was slowly heated
to about 205°C.
The composition of the initial charge at room temperature (25.5°C) before the addition
of MSA was found by gas chromatography (GC) to be 1.39 wt.% of H2O, 63.59 wt.% of EG
and 36.95 wt.% of TMP-MCF with no detectable quantity of 1,3-dioxolane, TMP or di-TMP.
The temperature and composition of withdrawn samples after the addition of MSA at various
time intervals, in terms of weight percents of the most significant components determined by
GC, are shown in Table VI where "ND" means "not detected."
The reaction solution right after the addition of MSA was colorless. At 150 min. of
reaction time the color of the reaction solution was pale yellow. After 180 min. of reaction,
the Dean Stark Trap (DST) commenced filling up. At 360 min. the reaction solution was
brown.
The Dean Stark Trap (DST) was emptied after 480 min. and the liquid collecting in
the DST formed two phases after 510 min. After completion of the reaction, the reaction
solution was found by GC to contain 0.92 wt.% of H2O, 9.03 wt.% of EG, 3.34 wt.% of
TMP-MCF, 10.59 wt.% of TMP and 0.97 wt.% of di-TMP.
At conclusion, the DST bottom phase weighed 6.72 grams and contained by GC 56.24
wt.% of H2O and 24.56 wt.% of 1,3-dioxolane; and the DST top phase weighed 4.28 grams
and contained 3.97 wt.% of H2O and 27.2 wt.% of 1,3-dioxolane, while the DST contents
removed after 480 min. reaction time weighed 10.55 grams and contained 13.16 wt.% of H2O
and 78.75 wt.% of 1.3-dioxolane.
Based on the GC analysis the total amount of the 1,3-dioxolane collected was 11.12
grams, (0.15 mole). However, based on the water analysis, the amount of 1,3-dioxolane
produced was 16.21 grams (0.21 mole). This discrepancy can be in part attributed to the
factors used in the GC method. Since there were no other components observed in the gas
chromatogram method, the accountability based on the water analysis is believed to be more
accurate. The amount of TMP left in the reaction mixture at the end of the experiment was
determined to be 2.46 grams, (0.018 mole). However, during the course of producing the
1,3-dioxolane, the amount of TMP was found to be 7.42 grams (0.53 mole). The high
reaction temperatures readily explain the low amount of TMP formed.
Although the TMP-MCF or the TME-MCF for the foregoing transalcoholysis reaction
with a rhonohydric or dihydric alcohol to produce TMP or TME and an acetal by-product, has
been described as obtained by treating the TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF resulting from the
reaction of n-butyraldehyde or propionaldehyde with formaldehyde, to produce TMP or
TME, such TMP-MCF or TME-MCF for the transalcoholysis may in fact be obtained from
any source.
In the course of purifying the TMP or TME containing TMP-MCF or TME-MCF
respectively, obtained as a result of the acid treatment of a TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF
containing residue, a light ends overhead stream is obtained from a distillation finishing
treatment of a crude TMP or TME, such light ends containing some TMP or TME as well as
a minor amount of TMP-MCF or TME-MCF respectively. However, the latter compounds
have been found to be acid washed color forming bodies, i.e., they color the TMP or TME
when the latter are subject to contact with an acid in certain applications. While it is
relatively easy to separate the TMP-MCF or TME-MCF from the TMP or TME by
distillation, this results in some loss of TMP or TME recycled to the system. Thus, in
accordance with another aspect of the invention, the light ends overhead stream is subjected
to a treatment with an excess of monohydric or dihydric alcohol in the presence of an acid
catalyst to transalcoholyze at least some of the TMP-MCF or TME-MCF present in the
stream resulting in the formation of additional TMP or TME and a valuable acetal
by-product.
The light ends overhead fraction subjected to the transalcoholysis treatment generally
contains an amount of TMP or TME, for example, about 70 wt.%, preferably about 50 to
about 60 wt.%, and TMP-MCF or TME-MCF in an amount, for example, of about 1-15
wt.% preferably about 2 to about 10 wt.%. The conditions of time and temperature and
examples of suitable acid catalysts are the same as those set out previously for the
transalcoholysis of relatively pure TMP-MCF or TME-MCF. The transalcoholysis of
TMP-MCF in a light ends overhead TMP stream using MSA as catalyst and ethylene glycol
(EG) as reacting alcohol is illustrated in Examples 7 and 8.
Apparatus as described in Examples 1 and 1A was charged with 121.9 grams of a
TMP light ends overhead fraction, including 4.15 wt.% of TMP-MCF (5.06 grams, 0.035
mole), 36.55 wt.% of TMP and 0.12 wt.% of H2O, determined by GC, then EG (8.31 grams,
0.13 mole) and finally MSA as a 70% solution (0.201 gram, 0.0002 mole)!
Then, the reaction was slowly heated to about 190"C. The temperature and
composition in terms of weight percents determined by GC of significant components of
samples withdrawn after various time intervals following the addition of MSA, are shown in
Table VII where "ND" means "not detected".
Essentially no 1,3-dioxolane was detected in any of the withdrawn samples. The DS
trap started filling with liquid after 120 min., and the liquid collected after reaction
completion contained 2.55 wt.% of H2O, 5.74 wt.% of 1,3-dioxolane which was substantially
all the 1,3-dioxolane produced in the reaction, and less than 0.21 wt.% of EG, as determined
by GC.
At the end of the reaction, based on the water analysis, the amount of 1,3-dioxolane
collected in the DS trap was 1.30 grams (0.018 mole). As in Example 6, the discrepancy
between the GC and water analysis can be in part attributed to the factors used in the GC
method and for similar reasons, the accountability based on the water analysis is believed to
be more accurate. The amount of TMP left in the reaction mixture at the end of the
experiment increased by 1.03 grams.
In an attempt to verify and optimize the reaction of the TMP light ends overhead
described in the previous example, with EG, the overhead material was spiked with a
relatively pure TMP-MCF. Apparatus as described in Examples 1 and 1A was charged with
250.0 grams of TMP light ends overhead containing TMP-MCF (10.38 grams, 0.07 mole),
followed by EG (18.10 grams, 0.29 mole) and finally MSA as a 70% solution (0.59 gram,
0.004 mole) and the mixture was slowly heated. When the temperature reached about 150°C
an additional 10.91 grams (0.18 mole) of EG was added and the mixture was then heated to
about 207°C. Results obtained in the manner described in Examples 6 and 7 are shown in
Table VIII.
The DS trap began filling with liquid after about 60 min. of reaction time and the
liquid in the DS trap separated into two phases after about 270 min. Additional EG was
added after about 90 min. of reaction time.
The liquid in the bottom or top phase in the DS trap was withdrawn at various
temperatures between 203 °C and 207°C and its weight and weight percent of 1,3-dioxolane
and H2O determined by GC. Results are shown in Table IX.
Based on the GC analysis, about 3.1 grams (0.04 mole) of 1,3-dioxolane was formed
in this example. The results of Examples 7 and 8 indicate that the process of this invention
for treating light ends overhead is effective in the production of 1,3-dioxolane by-product and
additional TMP indicating a reduction of total TMP-MCF in the system.
In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, the previously described acid
treatment of a composition containing a substantial percentage of TMP-BMLF or
TME-BMLF, e.g. heavy ends residue containing TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF, obtained in
the course of producing and purifying TMP or TME by reacting n-butyraldehyde or
propionaldehyde with formaldehyde, is carried out in the presence of a monohydric or
dihydric alcohol to produce a greater amount of additional TMP or TME than would be
obtained by the acid treatment in the absence of the monohydric or dihydric alcohol, and, in
addition, an acetal by-product. In some instances, this process can be substituted for, or used
in conjunction with the previous described and separately carried out acid treatment of the
TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF containing heavy residue in the absence of monohydric or
dihydric alcohol, and the subsequent treatment of a resulting TMP-MCF or the TME-MCF
containing stream with the monohydric or dihydric alcohol.
The TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF containing heavy ends residue and the conditions of
the acid treatment, e.g. time, temperature and nature of the acid catalyst are the same as
described previously for the acid treatment in the absence of a monohydric or dihydric
alcohol, and the nature and amount of excess of the latter alcohol which is added to the heavy
ends residue are the same as described previously as suitable for reaction with TMP-MCF or
the TME-MCF; note that the stoichiometric amounts of alcohol necessary for complete
reaction are at least two moles of a monohydric alcohol or one mole of a dihydric alcohol per
mole of TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF in the residue.
Examples 9 and 10 illustrate the treatment with ethylene glycol (EG) of a
TMP-BMLF containing heavy ends residue having the composition shown in Table I as
"Initial Feed".
Apparatus as described in Examples 1 and 1A was charged first with 404.28 grams of
heavy ends residue, followed by excess EG (48.0 grams, 0.77 mole), and finally by MSA
catalyst as a 70% solution (1.48 gram, 1.08x10-2 mole). Conditions and results obtained in a
manner similar to those given in the previous examples, including weight percents
determined by GC of various components in withdrawn samples, are shown in Table X where
"NR" means "GC analyses not run".
Condensation of liquid in the DST commenced at 237 min. and the total liquid in the
DST at the end of the experiment separated into two phases, no H2O or 1,3-dioxolane was
detected in any of the withdrawn samples and the entire amounts of these compounds are
assumed to have been collected in the DST, the bottom phase of which weighed 12.41 grams
and contained by GC determination 73.59 wt.% of H2O, 9.28 wt.% of 1,3-dioxolane, and 2.93
wt.% of TMP-MCF, and the top phase of which weighed 8.69 grams and contained 2.37 wt.%
of H2O, 19.64 wt.% of 1,3-dioxolane, and 4.41 wt.% of TMP-MCF.
The procedure of Example 9 was generally followed except that the charge was
202.14 grams of heavy residue, followed by excess EG (24 grams, 0.39 moles) and finally
MSA catalyst as a 70% solution (0.74 grams, 5.38X10-3 moles). Prior to the addition of
MSA, at a temperature of 26.7°C, the reaction solution contained, as determined by GC,
22.93 wt.% of EG, 25.71 wt.% of TMP, 4.42 wt.% of di-TMP and 17.75 wt.% of
TMP-BMLF. No TMP-MCF was detected. Conditions and result of the reaction are shown
in Table XI where "ND" means "not detected by GC".
Condensation in the DST commenced at 65 min. and liquid was collecting and
separating into two phases at 185 min. At the conclusion of the reaction, the DST bottom
phase weighed 23.31 grams and contained 10.74 wt.% of 1,3-dioxolane and 3.14 wt.% of
TMP-MCF, while the DST top phase weighed 38.73 grams and contained 25.04 wt.% of
1,3-dioxolane and 2.51 wt.% of TMP-MCF. The results of Examples 9 and 10 show that the
acid-catalyzed treatment of a TMP heavy ends residue containing TMP-BMLF in the
presence of ethylene glycol is effective in producing 1,3-dioxolane by-product and additional
TMP and reducing or eliminating the TMP-BMLF in the residue.
1. A process for treating a composition having trimethytolakane bic-
monoRnear formal, comprising subjecting trim ethylopropane monocyclic
formal (TMP-MCF) or trimethytolethane monocycllc formal (TME-MCF) to
a transalcohorysie reaction with excess monohydric or dihydric alcohol
having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms at an elevated temperature and in the
presence of an acid catalyst to produce trimethylolpropane (TMP) or
trimethytolethane (TME) respectively, and an acetal by-product, wherein
less than 15 wt% of the acid catalyst In the reaction results in a pH of the
reaction of less than 4.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said monohydric or dihydric
alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethytene glycol, methanol,
1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 2-bromopropanol and said acetal by-product
is a 1,3-dioxolane, methylal, di-1-propoxymethane, di-2-propoxymethane
or dl-2-bormopropoxymethane respectively.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said acid catalyst is selected
from the group consisting of an alkanesulfonic acid, an arylsulfonic acid, a
sulfonated cation-exchange catalyst In acid form sulfuric acid and
phosphoric acid.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the TMP-MCF or TME-MCF is
obtained from a process comprising contacting a composition containing
at least 5 wt% trimethylolpropane bis-monolinear format (TMP-BMLF) or
trimethylolethane bis-monolinear bis-monolinear formal (TME-BMLF), no
more than 5:1% water, and no more than 0.5 wt% methanol with a strong
acid catalyst at an elevated temperature and for a sufficient period of time
to convert at least 70 wt% of the TMP-BMLF or TME-BMLF to
trimethlotproparie (TMP) and trimethyloipropane mono cyclic formal (TMP-
MCF); or trimethylolethane (TME) and trimethylolethane monocyclic
formal (TME-MCF).
obtained from a light ends overhead stream resulting from a finishing
treatment of crude TMP or TME.
6. The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein said monohydrlc or dihydrlc
alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, methanol,
1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 2-bromopropanol and said acetai by-product
is a 1,3-dioxolane, methylal, di-1-propoxymethane, di-2-propxymethane or
di-2-bromopropoxymethane respectively.
7. The process as claimed In claim S, wherein said light ends contains 1 to
15 Wt% Of TMP-MCF Of TME-MCF.
from the group consisting of an aikaneeulfonic acid, an aryisuifonic acid, a
suifonated cation-exchange catalyst in acid form suffurte acid and
9. The process as claimed m claim 4, wherein said composition is a heavy
ends residue obtained by removing the bulk of water, excess from
aldehyde, basis condensation agent, and purified TMP or TME
in the course of purifying a crude TMP or TME product obtained by
reacting n—buryaldehyde or proptionaldehyde respectively with
formaldehyde in an aqueous medium and in the presence of an
alkaline condensation agent.
10. The process as claim ed in Claim 9 wherein said elevated temperature is
from 30 C to 300 C and said period of time is form 2 to 8
hours.
11. The process as xclaimed in Claim 9, wherein said catalyst is selected
from the group consisting of an alkanesulfonic acid, an
arylsulfonic acid, a sulfonated cation-exchange catalyst in acid
form, sulfuricacid, and phosphoric acid.
12. The process as claimed in Claim 3,8 or 11 wherein said acid catalyst is
a toluenesulforic acid.
13. The process as claimed in claim 3, 8 or 11 wherein said acid catalyst
is a sulfonated polystyrene-based cation exchange resin in acid
is present in an amount such that the acidity of the composition
is equivalent to that contributed in the range of 0.1 to 15 wt%
of methanesulfonic acid.
15. The process as claimed in Claim 9 wherein less than 15 wt.% based upon
the weight of the total composition of a compound which forms a
low boiling azetrope with water and is substantially immiscible
with any of the components of the composition, is added to said
heavy ends residue feed to said process.
16. The process as claimed in Claim 5 wherein said alcohol is methanol and
said acetal by product is methylal.
A process for treating a composition having trim ethy lolalkane bia-monolinear
formal, comprising subjecting trimethylopropane monocyclic formal (TMP-MCF)
or trimethytolethane monocyclic formal (TME-MCF) to a transalcoholysis reaction
with excess monohydric or dihydric alcohol having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms at
an elevated temperature and in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce
trlmethytolpropane (TMP) or trimethytolethane (TME) respectively, and an acetal
by-product, wherein less than 15 wt% of the acid catalyst in the reaction results
in a pH of the reaction of less than 4.
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-abstract.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-claims.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-correspondence.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-description (complete).pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-form 1.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-form 13.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-letter patent.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-pa.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-reply to examination report.pdf
in-pct-2001-01218-kol-granted-specification.pdf
IN/PCT/2001/01218/KOL
CELANESE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
1601 WEST LBJ FREEWAY,DALLAS,TEXAS 75234 US
1 CAROLYN SUPPLEE 4901, SARATOGA 628,CORPUS CHRISTI, TX 78413,UNITED STATE OF AMERICA
2 MARKS.TOBIN,J 2300 CENTRAL PARK AVENUE,EVANSTON,IL 60201(US).
3 SLIKKARD,WILLIAM,E. 4521 SHEFFIELD,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX 78411.US
4 ZEY,EDWARD,G 522 EVERGREEN,CORPUS CHRISTRI,TX78412.US
5 BROUSSARD,JERRY,D 7505 VENICE DRIVE,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX 78413.US
C07C 29/0,C07C29/128
PCT/US00/14643
1 USSN09/324,435 1999-06-01 U.S.A.
2 PCT/US00/14643 2000-05-26 U.S.A.


text:
Home News 2nd Thought Not for Fun and Games
Not for Fun and Games
JOSEPH FAUST
I took on one of the toughest assignments of my career last year when I picked up the phone and learned from a reporter that a young boy had been seriously injured while playing on the tracks and trains of our BNSF Railway.
According to the reporter, a group of kids in Memphis, Tenn., regularly found their way through a wooded area and down a steep embankment to "hop" aboard our trains for a short ride to a playground. On this particular afternoon one of the boys had slipped and fallen beneath the slow-moving train. His left leg was immediately severed and his right hand was mangled. Despite quick response from emergency crews and the attention of highly skilled surgeons, he ended up losing both the arm and leg.
Fort Worth Weekly's cover story of March 18, "Renaissance on the Rails," romanticized and glamorized the practice of hopping freight rail cars for extended joy rides. Because of that, it did a tremendous disservice to impressionable individuals of all ages. Train-hopping is dangerous, illegal, and often has deadly consequences.
I need to put emotion aside, however, and concentrate on giving readers some facts about trespassing on railway property. Although your article specifically mentioned Bo Keely's preference for BNSF Railway trains, trespassing is an industry-wide challenge for freight haulers.
Far too many individuals are injured or killed while engaging in a number of highly unsafe behaviors in and around the railway, from climbing on, crawling under, or sleeping in the cars to horseplay on the tracks. According to the Federal Railroad Administration web site, more than 3,600 people were killed or injured in 2008 while trespassing on railroad property. (A comprehensive list of those casualties is posted on the railroad agency's site, at safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/publicsite/Query/castally4.aspx.)
To prevent such tragedies, BNSF railway police aggressively enforce trespassing laws. Last year our officers in Texas made 290 arrests for trespassing and removed more than 1,200 undocumented aliens from trains and railyards.
We are a responsible company, invested in the communities where we operate, and we have zero tolerance for trespassing. Railroad police, charged with patrolling vast territories and performing many functions, routinely work with local law enforcement agencies. Our officers and local agencies arrest any and all train riders when discovered. Those convicted of trespassing can be fined from $500 to $4,000 and also face possible jail time.
The rail industry also promotes rail safety through educational programs. Operation Lifesaver, an international nonprofit education and awareness program with offices in all 50 states, strives to increase public awareness about the dangers of people acting carelessly around trains and tracks. The program seeks to educate both drivers and pedestrians about making safe decisions at railroad crossings and around railroad tracks. Program volunteers make presentations to schools, community groups, and civic clubs, reinforcing our message. At BNSF, our internal On-Guard and external Citizens for Rail Security outreach programs are designed in part to provide early notice that trespassing is a crime and to encourage reporting of such violations.
My company and our industry are working hard in this area, but we need the public's support as well. We fear that putting Bo Keely on the cover of the Weekly, with a story detailing how he avoids detection, could provide a blueprint to someone who may not be so fortunate, leading to their arrest, serious injury, or death.
I encourage your readers to recognize the dangers of trespassing on rail property, to respect the law, and to
act responsibly around active railroads in all circumstances.
Joseph Faust of Fort Worth is regional public affairs director for BNSF Railway.
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text:
Leeds Doctoral College
Samuel McKay
My PhD is in Applied Theatre, which involves politically or socially-driven theatre activities, usually engaged with specific communities. My research looks at how practice in this field is changing in a period of austerity, and specifically at the work being done with refugees being done by theatre companies, practitioners, and researchers.
My undergraduate degree was a very 'hands on' drama degree, whilst my Masters examined cultural theory from a theoretical and philosophical perspective. I feel my research brings these two approaches together. I'm originally from Leeds, but I'd lived away for several years. Choosing to do my PhD here was about the supervisor and the School – I think that's often the case with a research degree. The School of Performance and Cultural Industries has a strong research profile in applied theatre and I identified a supervisor whose research interests matched mine.
There are amazing theatre facilities here – better than some drama schools – and the School blends academia and industry in a way that most other universities don't. In my research I work with different theatre companies and researchers around the county. The University's reputation has helped enormously in making those connections.
Location is the other great plus for me. The arts scene in Leeds is thriving, with emerging theatre companies and community arts initiatives. There's also so much going on in the wider region – Huddersfield, Bradford, Sheffield, Manchester, York – and it's so easy to access this.
It's also a great place to live with a real range of options. I live about 15 miles outside Leeds. Some of the other researchers in my School live with their families, in more rural places; others live right in the city, close to the University. In our field this often affects the kind of research we do and the communities we work with. That variety means our discussions are really broad.
There's so much going on around campus – societies, events and sports facilities. It's all there for you, as much or as little as you want. My School also has a strong researcher community, with regular social events.
The University offers a huge amount of training for researchers. I've attended training on writing papers for publication and ethical authorship, and this has helped my publishing. I've attended several conferences and get a real buzz from swapping ideas with other academics.
I have two supervisors – my secondary supervisor (with a complementary research specialism) is in the School of Fine Art. This has brought different perspectives and pushed my research to keep up with the latest thinking in the area. I meet with my research supervisor at least once a month. As well as guiding my progress, this has helped me talk through some concerns I've had.
Andrea Vidal Dura
Postgraduate researcher in Biogeochemistry
Nafisul Haque
Researching a protein in Zika virus


text:
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Cheap flights from Vienna to Hong Kong for just €364!
Cheap flights from Vienna to Hong Kong from only €364 for a round trip with Star Alliance partner Air China!
Hong Kong is a mountainous country and there's up to 130 peaks amongst its terrains. The most famous of all is the Victoria Peak. It is situated atop the highest point of Hong Kong Island. Ride the Peak Tram to the top of this scenic viewpoint to watch the sunset over the Victoria Bay. Enjoy the view of the world's most spectacular city skyline, surrounding islands and the distant green hills.
There is also the Peak Circle Walk, which takes you along cliffside paths to the scenic Lugard Road viewpoint. There are dining and shopping options at the Peak Tower, the Peak Galleria and the Lions View Point Pavilion.
In Hong Kong you could consider staying at the well-rated 4* Eco Tree Hotel, just a 5-minute drive from Hong Kong Macau Ferry Terminal or Central, while Hong Kong International Airport is a 40-minute drive away. The hotel offers a snack bar, 24-hour front desk and laundry and ironing service can be requested as well.
The air-conditioned rooms comes with a balcony, electric kettle, minibar, safe, wardrobe, flat-screen TV and private bathroom.


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Look at all that space! Alyssa often chooses to separate "work time" from other time by moving from her desk to the kitchen table or couch.
A huge part of our life on the road is spending time in the outdoors. Running doesn't take a whole lot of gear (except shoes – so many shoes) but mountain biking comes with bikes, tools, and lots of miscellaneous itemx. In an RV or a van, that stuff would be very difficult to store inside. Having space in the back of the bus for all of our toys means that they're not exposed to the elements or would-be thieves looking for a sweet new mountain bike.
We also share our space with one huge dog. Hilde is big boned and she loves to claim her space. It's not uncommon for us to get back to the bus and find her stretched across the entire couch, like she owns the place. Having a little extra space in the bus means that Hilde can move around freely and doesn't have to use our bed as her own dog bed. It's also nice for all three of us in the event that we need to leave Hilde alone – the bus is big enough that we don't need to worry about the "hot car" effect and she has plenty of room to avoid feeling cramped.
We fully embrace the tiny house philosophy of "making the outdoors our living room" by spending as much time outdoors as we possibly can. However, like it or not, sometimes the rain comes, sometimes we need a rest day, and sometimes we get injured. If you live in a real house, those are the days that you spend home on the couch. We wanted to make sure that we could get that same feeling while we are on the road, and with our layout we absolutely can. Between the couch space, comfortable dining room table, and bed area, we have plenty of options to lounge around in a homey setting. The open concept gives plenty of light and makes it feel much more spacious than it is.
In a van we'd be confined to the bed or the front seat. Most RVs would probably be very comfortable, but many have tons of walls, gaudy interiors, and few windows – just not our style!
Our budget for the bus project was $30,000. (That's a big number! Or so we thought, too… read on.) That got us everything you see in the bus tour including: the bus, some new bus parts, building materials, a solar power system, a composting toilet, all of our kitchen appliances, a fan forced air heater, running hot water, a shower, a mattress, couch cushions, building materials and some insane building experience, and lots more. Best of all, we own the bus outright!
At the time of this writing, Dodge Ram ProMasters are super popular adventure vans. For the high roof option (if you want to be able to stand inside) these start at $32,495. That's almost $2,500 over our entire budget – just to get started with the vehicle! To be fair, one could probably shave $10k off that price by going with a used van and doing the buildout with the remaining cash, but you certainly wouldn't be able to afford all of the amenities we've added.
If we were to have gone the RV route, we definitely would have had to finance or go used. The smallest Winnebago Class A motorhome (what the bus would be considered) starts at $133,420 – and you can bet that doesn't come with a solar setup or 10 days worth of water storage. The cheapest Class A's on Craigslist that are 2001 or newer (same year as the bus) start at around $50,000 and only go up from there… not affordable.
For many, traveling in a RV means hopping from RV park to RV park where you are constantly connected to power, water, sewage, and cable TV. For us, paying $40 – $70 / night for these amenities is not affordable, so a "must" for the bus was being able to spend several days in a row off the grid, as close to self-sustainable as possible. Our solar system eliminates the need to ever plug into power, and our composting toilet requires no plumbing and very little maintenance. We can carry 65 gallons of fresh water at a time which usually shakes out to be 7-10 days worth of water depending on what we're cooking and how much we use the shower. We try to avoid using the toilet as much as possible, but when nature calls, we don't sweat it too much if there are no bathrooms conveniently close.
With a van, it would be easy to meet our power needs with a solar setup, but carrying a week's worth of water and having the convenience of an indoor toilet would definitely be pushing it. All of this would be possible with an RV, but solar systems and composting toilets aren't included in your typical RV package and would come at an extra cost.
One of the best things about the bus is that it's just cool! It's fun to drive down the street and turn heads as people wonder what the heck is going on with the bus. People get genuinely excited when they figure out what it is and see what we've done inside. There are a few other busses like ours out there, but compared to vans and RVs, not a lot of people have taken the time to outfit a bus into a dream adventure-mobile. We love showing the bus off – it's the perfect adventure mobile for us! If you see us cruising around, come say hi!
Do you have a #buslife question we should answer next week? Add it to the comments!


James Galvin is the Director of Strategic Relationships and Technical Standards at Afilias and the Vice Chair at ICANN SSAC. He is also a Board Director at Greater Baltimore Youth Orchestra, the owner of eList eXpress LLC. At Afilias, Galvin manages the company's relationships with the Internet Community; he is also involved in improving Afilias technical leadership. He participates in IETF, IEEE, and ACM.
Dr. Galvin has been working with DNSSEC since its beginning. He chaired the working group that produced the first set of DNSSEC specifications, and managed the research group that produced the first public domain implementation of those specifications.
James has been an active member of the IT and Internet industries for more than 3 decades. Prior to joining Afilias in 2009, he was a private technical consultant for 12 years. Before becoming the Vice Chair of SSAC in January 2011, Galvin was a member of the committee since 2002. From 2004-2007, he was the Internet Program Manager at Shinkuro Inc. He has also served as VP Chapters and Individual Membership at ISOC, Chief Technologist at CommerceNet, Senior Computer Scientist at Trusted Information Systems - TIS (1989 – 1996) and Senior Software Engineer at The Wollongong Group (1988 – 1989). He has been active in IETF for more than 20 years.
He holds a Bachelors of Science with double major in Computer Science and Mathematics from the Moravian College, and a Masters in Computer Science and Information Systems from The University of Delaware. He also did a Ph.D at the University of Delaware.
This page was last edited on 17 June 2016, at 20:13.


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text:
Top-notch entertainment | Two-day AmeriServ Flood City Music Festival to feature 14 bands | Entertainment
JOHNSTOWN, Pa. – This year's AmeriServ Flood City Music Festival will have top-notch acts rocking Johnstown.
The festival, which will be held Friday and July 30 at Peoples Natural Gas Park, 90 Johns St., downtown Johnstown, will feature 14 bands, including headliners the Spin Doctors and Railroad Earth.
"We're pretty excited by the lineup, and we think it's very diverse in terms of the kind of genres of music we're presenting," said Ron Carnevali, festival chairman.
"We have a lot of women-fronted bands and that's a nice thing to have. It's sometimes challenging to create that kind of diversity in the lineup, but this year, we are fortunate enough to do so."
The festival offers a variety of genres, including blues, acoustic rock, funk and bluegrass.
"We look for bands that do great live shows, regardless of the genre," Carnevali said.
"We're also looking for variety, and there's a little bit of something for everyone. It's going to be a well-attended festival and there's a lot of excitement in the community."
• Railroad Earth will headline Friday's lineup.
Railroad Earth is a bluegrass-influenced Americana band formed in Stillwater, New Jersey, in 2001.
The band's music combines elements of progressive bluegrass, folk, rock, country, jazz, Celtic and other Americana influences.
Recognized as "carrying on the tradition of improvisational, genre-spanning music laid forth by the Grateful Dead," Railroad Earth is known for lyrical songwriting and live improvisation.
"They are attracting a lot of attention, and Friday's single-day ticket sales are really strong and I think they are the reason why," Carnevali said.
"They're a jamgrass band and very popular on the festival circuit. They're experienced and professional and they'll be a real highlight."
• On July 30, the Spin Doctors will be the headliner.
The Spin Doctors is a rock band from New York City, known for its early '90s hits "Two Princes" and "Little Miss Can't Be Wrong," which peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at No. 7 and No. 17, respectively.
The band's debut studio album "Pocket Full of Kryptonite" was released in August 1991 and the group toured extensively, gaining grassroots fans.
In 2011, the Spin Doctors celebrated the 20-year anniversary of "Pocket Full of Kryptonite" with U.S. and United Kingdom tours.
In April 2013, the band released its sixth studio album.
"Even though it was some time ago that they had those big hits, they've stayed together and the lineup is pretty much intact and they're still making music," Carnevali said.
"They are wonderful people to work with and we've had a really good experience working with them and their team. I have a lot of optimism about how they are going to be received, and they're going to be great."
An additional 12 acts will perform during the two-day festival.
• Big Something fuses elements of rock, pop, funk and improvisation to take listeners through a myriad of musical styles.
The band has released five full-length studio albums and another is expected this year.
"They are real up-and-comers, and I think we'll be looking back a few years from now thinking how lucky we were to have had them here," Carnevali said.
"A good variety of musical styles are represented in what they play. It's a big sound and they have a lot of fun."
• Brandon "Taz" Niederauer, 18, earned his nickname for his guitar playing.
He debuted on national TV at age 10, landed a starring Broadway role at 12, and has since performed with many musicians, including veterans of the AmeriServ Flood City Music Festival such as Gregg Allman, Derek Trucks, Dr. John, George Porter Jr., Robert Randolph, Dumpstaphunk, Galactic and The Revivalists.
"He's a child prodigy guitar player who came along as a young man and started getting attention from established musicians who became big fans of his guitar playing," Carnevali said.
"He's a show-offy guitar player and Johnstowners love that sort of thing. I think he's going to put on a great show for us."
• Ally Venable Band is fronted by a Texas-born guitarist and singer who puts a fresh spin on blues-rock traditions.
Venable was 14 when she cut her debut EP, "Wise Man."
She's now touring in support of her fourth release "Heart of Fire."
"She's a great guitar player," Carnevali said.
"Kenny Wayne Shepherd is her mentor and she plays a similar style as he does and it's sort of a blues-rock sound. This is a show I'm really looking forward to and it's a highlight."
• Karina Rykman played the 2021 festival with Marco Benevento. The bass player paired with Benevento and now plays with her own band, racking up festival appearances across the country.
"She just played The Peach Music Festival in Scranton and she got tremendous reviews from her performance," Carnevali said.
"She will be the late-night show on July 30 and she'll be a great closer for the festival."
• Vanessa Collier weaves funk, soul, rock and blues into every performance.
With soulful vocals, searing saxophone and witty songwriting, Collier is sure to impress.
"She's a Berklee College of Music-trained saxophone player, and the style of blues she plays varies from song to song, from funk to soul," Carnevali said.
"She's been a dream to work with and we're really looking forward to her show. She's going to catch people by surprise."
• The Fritz is a soul-driven dance rock band from Asheville, North Carolina.
The group's aggressive approach to funk, soul and rock creates a sound that is uniquely their own.
"They are real funky and soulful and they're going to close down our July 29 show playing the late-night set," Carnevali said. "They are a real party band and people will like that."
• Buffalo Rose is a charismatic six-piece modern folk/Americana band from Pittsburgh.
The band performs acoustic music.
"They are doing big things and just made a new record which is really good," Carnevali said.
"We've had them play in Johnstown at the park before, so we know we're going to get a great show. We're pleased to have them on the bill and they'll open things up for us on July 30."
• HABATAT last played the AmeriServ Flood City Music Festival in 2015. Established in early 2012, the funk-rock outfit has become veterans of the festival and live music circuit in Pittsburgh and the tri-state area.
HABATAT has shared stages with the Soul Rebels, Pink Talking Fish, Twiddle, the Heavy Pets, Pigeons Playing Ping Pong and Joe Lewis Walker.
"They are a regional band with lots of horns and they play upbeat music," Carnevali said.
"They did a show for us last summer and we were really impressed by them. They do a great live show and they'll be a lot of fun for people."
• Shelf Life String Band is an untraditional bluegrass five-piece with a solid repertoire of musical sounds. Based in Pittsburgh, the band last played the AmeriServ Flood City Music Festival in 2011.
"They are a great bluegrass band out of Pittsburgh with solid players," Carnevali said.
"They're a tremendous band who we've had here before, so we know they'll do a great live show for us. They are the real thing."
• Silver Screen is a Johnstown-based alternative rock band molded in the living room of a house Ben Ressler and Austin Danel shared in 2016.
The band has two EP releases and frequently plays in the region.
"They have a tremendous local following, and we've been blown away by the extent of their social media followers and the excitement their fans have about the festival," Carnevali said.
"They're going to bring a lot of young folks out who maybe haven't been to the festival before."
• Kevin Dale Band is a Johnstown-based act that has opened for national artists such as Josh Turner, Cam, Wynonna Judd and Poison's Bret Michaels.
Dale has more than 30 years under his belt, performing in rooms of all sizes in six states.
"He is a country crooner and very popular in the area," Carnevali said. "He plays a lot of shows around Johnstown that are well-attended, and he has a nice following. He plays traditional and some modern country music, so he adds variety to the lineup."
• The Rusty Shackles are newcomers to the Johnstown music scene, but are familiar faces to local music fans. Ed Locher IV, Adam Milkovich, Chris Verbano and Luke Harrison make up the core members of the Americana group, all of whom are both accomplished solo musicians and collaborators.
"They play old-time rock 'n' roll and rockabilly, which is another great addition to the lineup of music we have this year," Carnevali said.
"It's a sound that's not represented by any other of the bands. They are a cool little band."
General admission tickets for the festival are $25 for Friday and $40 for July 30.
A two-day pass is available for $50. A two-day VIP pass is available for $75 and includes access to the VIP Lounge and the site's full bar and indoor restrooms, as well as a tented viewing area at the main stage.
Tickets can be purchased online at www.floodcitymusic.com. Passes also are available at the Heritage Discovery Center.
Posted in EntertainmentTagged album, band, bar, bluegrass, blues, brandon niederauer, country music, Festival, funk, guitarist, headliner, johnstown, lineup, Music, musician, natural gas, park, pass, people, pocket full of kryptonite, quintet, railroad earth, restroom, rock, ron carnevali, show, singing, sport, ticket
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SAMSUNG Mobile Devices are high theft items, thus an article surveillance equipment solution was integral in the overall success of the store. The reason they used the Secureatag system was due to the non-visable, aesthetically pleasing nature of our products and extremely competitive price.
"You won't beat our quotes"
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Reboot your skin with this non-surgical face-lift featuring Microcurrent technology, a revolutionary machine that helps to stimulate the production and storage of collagen and elastin to help lift and firm the face for noticeable results.
CompuLift is an exciting new treatment that reaches well below the surface of your skin to the EPIDERMIS, DERMIS and MUSCLES to delay premature aging and restore a healthy, youthful glow.
What Can the Compu-Lift do for You?
CompuLift slows the aging process and when started early enough it may delay or totally eliminate the need for more invasive treatments. Although not considered a replacement for surgical procedures, micro-currents are found to promote healing in both pre-operative and post-operative situations.
Micro-currents work in harmony with the natural bioelectrical currents found in the body. They are able to reconstruct or re-educate muscle tissue, stretching or tightening as necessary, providing beneficial results.
Phase 1: Stimulates lymph and blood circulation, oxygenates the skin and increases cellular turnover.
Phase 2: Consists of restoring initial tonus to muscles and stimulating the fibroblasts (collagen producers).
Phase 3: A specially formulated nutritive, antioxidant gel is used to provide vital nutrients essential to the production of elastin and collagen.
This complete treatment will achieve visible results on all three levels: epidermal, dermal, and muscular.
The body is a machine run by electrical impulses. Muscle and skin are related to this electrical system. Electrical stimuli slow down as we age and the skin loses its suppleness and elasticity while the underlying muscles lose their tone resulting in sagging skin.
Age, lifestyle and skin condition will determine the number of treatments needed to achieve the desired results. Improvement is generally seen immediately. A series of treatments is recommended to achieve lasting results.


Whiteville Janitorial Supply, locally owned and operated by Randy Yoder, offers convenient loading access from two side entries at their new location at 210 W. Burkhead Street (behind Hill's) in Whiteville. Team member, Chuck Cribb, manages inventory in their spacious warehouse area and provides free delivery to local businesses and churches. Stop by today to check out Whiteville Janitorial's great quality products and services at great prices.
Whiteville Janitorial Supply has been servicing our customer's needs since 1998. In addition to our janitorial supplies, some of our more popular items include paper products such as paper towels & toilet paper, food service disposables such as cake boxes, table covers, cups and plates, gloves for general or medical purposes, and a big assortment of can liners in various sizes and thicknesses.
Some of our larger items for sale or rent include vacuum cleaners, floor buffers, and wet-dry vacuums.


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Browse Books: Juvenile Fiction / Classics
The Very Hungry Caterpillar (Board book)
Polar Express 30th Anniversary Edition (Hardcover)
Where the Sidewalk Ends Special Edition with 12 Extra Poems: Poems and Drawings (Hardcover)
By Shel Silverstein, Shel Silverstein (Illustrator)
Oh, the Places You'll Go! (Classic Seuss) (Hardcover)
By Dr. Seuss
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (Classic Seuss) (Hardcover)
Pat the Bunny ( Pat the Bunny) (Touch-and-Feel) (Spiral bound)
By Dorothy Kunhardt
Stuart Little 75th Anniversary Edition (Paperback)
By E. B. White, Garth Williams (Illustrator)
Sarah, Plain and Tall (Paperback)
By Patricia MacLachlan
Charlotte's Web (Paperback)
By E. B. White, Garth Williams (Illustrator), Kate DiCamillo
Frindle (Paperback)
By Andrew Clements, Brian Selznick (Illustrator)
A Wrinkle in Time (A Wrinkle in Time Quintet #1) (Paperback)
From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (Paperback)
By E.L. Konigsburg
Juvenile Fiction / Classics
Bedtime & Dreams
Business, Careers, Occupations
Computers & Digital Media
Disabilities & Special Needs
Imagination & Play
Interactive Adventures
Legends, Myths, Fables
City & Town Life
Farm & Ranch Life
Stories in Verse
Visionary & Metaphysical


text:
MORTGAGE: PURCHASE & REFINANCING
Costco Executive Members
could save an average
of $6,909 over the
typical life of the loan.*
Fall in love with mortgage savings.
Get started today at CostcoFinance.com/FallSavings
The estimated savings statement is calculated over a 7-year period utilizing the following loan scenario and includes both interest and fees savings: home purchase in the state of California with a Loan-To-Value of 80%, Loan Amount = $250,000, Single Family, Primary Residence, FICO = 720, Term = 30yr as of 4/11/2017. Average Executive Membership level savings is $6,909, which includes the lender fees savings as of 4/11/2017, as compared to an average of national mortgage lenders in a comparative study conducted by Informa Research Services Inc. Individual savings may vary based on credit score, Loan-To-Value, location, Costco membership level and loan amount, and are subject to loan requirements underwriting and approval.
Marketing Approval Date 6/1/2017
General Program Disclosures: Mortgage lead generation, and/or originations are provided by or through Berkshire Bank (NMLS# 506896) and its wholly owned subsidiary First Choice Loan Services Inc. (NMLS #210764), located at One Tower Center, Floor #18, East Brunswick, NJ 08816. Berkshire Bank and First Choice Loan Services Inc. are licensed, registered or exempt from state licensing in the states in which they originate;mortgage;loans or lines of credit. First Choice Loan Services Inc. is licensed by the N.J. Department of Banking and Insurance, and licensed by the Department of Business Oversight under the California Residential Mortgage Lending Act. AZ BK #0918586. Loans in AR, NY and PR are originated by Berkshire Bank. First Choice Loan Services Inc. has no af;liation with First Choice Bank, chartered and located in California. Costco and its af;liates do not take loan applications, offer, negotiate, arrange or make mortgage loans or lines of credit. Costco does not guarantee products or services offered by First Choice Loan Services Inc. Berkshire Bank is an FDIC insured Massachusetts chartered bank. Berkshire Hills Bancorp (NYSE: BHLB) is the parent of Berkshire Bank. SVC000027 0817


I love spending time outdoors in my gardens and crafting from nature, so when I was asked to review a copy of A Garden to Dye For by Chris McLaughlin, I was super excited. In Chris' book, she shares how to take plantings from the garden and nature to dye fabrics, papers, and yarns. Through a variety of processes and techniques shared in the book, a myriad of wonderful creations emerge. The best part is that she makes things very easy to understand. I love that! I wanted to chose a project from her book to share with you all today. To no surprise, it wasn't long until the kids got their hands on the book and it was decided; we were going to make natural play dough.


Adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) is the source of chemical energy for the majority of cellular functions, serves as a substrate in signal transduction pathways and is incorporated into nucleic acids during DNA replication and transcription. In addition, eukaryotic cells release ATP, which acts as a signalling molecule in an autocrine/paracrine fashion by activating purinergic P2 receptors in the plasma membrane. The research in the lab focuses on the purinergic regulation of T cell physiology, namely T cell receptor (TCR) driven signalling, gene expression and fate determination at various stages of development. Purinergic receptors include non-selective cationic channels (named P2X) and G protein coupled receptors (named P2Y). In the T cell P2X7 is the most abundantly expressed receptor subtype, and has profound impact on T cell responsiveness and metabolism. Prolonged P2X7 stimulation or high concentration of ATP determine the opening of a pore permeable to molecules up to 900 Da and cell death. P2X7 transcription is developmentally regulated in T cells. We aim at understanding the role of P2X7 in regulating T cell homeostasis and adaptive immunity in different physiological and pathological conditions. We are currently investigating purinergic regulation of T cell metabolism and gut associated lymphoid system as well as mucosal immunity.


Cruising the Seine Plus Paris & London.
Journey from London to Paris by way of a River Seine cruise aboard msSapphire filled with Tauck exclusive experiences... winding through fishing ports and medieval towns, tasting Normandy's cuisine, visiting the D-Day invasion beaches, finding the essence of calvados, pausing in ancient abbeys and the picturesque haunts of Impressionist painters, dining at a chateau in Rouen, exploring cobblestone lanes, walking in Monet's garden at Giverny, visiting Van Gogh's muse in Aubers-sur-Oise... and finally, Paris!
Explore the Château de Versailles, the stunning palace of the Sun King, Louis XIV on a guided visit, viewing its sumptuous salons, halls, and apartments, including the Hall of Mirrors, the private Opera House and the Chapel; if you wish, join your Tauck Director for a stroll through the Château's magnificent gardens.
With your riverboat docked in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, drive to the town of Auvers-sur-Oise, where Vincent van Gogh spent his last days. The town has hardly changed since, so you'll be able to recognize scenes from his paintings, including the view of the town hall, seen from the upper window of his room at the inn.
See Omaha Beach and Pointe-du-Hoc, where American troops scaled sheer cliffs with ropes and fire ladders to reach enemy artillery batteries, and visit the American Cemetery and Memorial at Colleville-sur-Mer, on a bluff overlooking the beach; the tranquil setting and its history will not fail to move you.
With your riverboat docked in Avignon for the morning, you can spend more time exploring the medieval city or take a morning excursion to Saint-Remy-de-Provence – home to the ruins of the Roman city of Glanum, as well as the Saint-Paul Asylum where Vincent van Gogh was a patient.
Chalon-sur-Sâone on the River Saône lies in the heart of southern Burgundy. Although its history dates back to the time of Charlemagne, it has another significant claim to fame – this is considered the birthplace of photography.


Seaweed is a crafting material in Raft, mainly used in the creation of flippers. It can be found underwater, and can also be turned into Vine Goo. If you wish to do this, you will need a Smelter.
There aren't a lot of recipes currently in the game that use Seaweed as a recipe, although this may change in the future. Raft is currently in an Early Access state, and I'm sure we will see a lot of developments over the coming months.
For now though, this guide works. If you want some more guides for Raft, we've covered a lot on our site here.
As I mentioned before, Seaweed can be found under water. Thankfully, it's not deep enough that you really stand a chance of drowning. It's possible, but unlikely. Your biggest threat is going to be Sharks.
For that reason, I recommend you craft some Shark Bait if possible to ensure that you aren't attacked whilst gathering. You should also use a sail to steer yourself as close to seaweed as possible, allowing you to quickly jump back on the raft.
For now, Seaweed is located around the small islands on ledges. You can see if from above the surface, it looks like the image above. Once collected, you can turn it into Vine Goo by shoving it into a smelter.


text:
Q: Docker Compose - Logstash - exited with code 0 after start I'm trying to use Logstash with Docker Compose, the .yml file looks like this:
user-service:
image: images/user-service
ports:
  - "2222:2222"
links:
 - logstash

logstash:
image: images/logstash
command: logstash -e 'input{} output{}'
ports:
  - "5045:5045"

And logstash starts and ends, as the console shows:
logstash_1          | Sending Logstash's logs to /var/log/logstash which is now configured via log4j2.properties
logstash_1          | 01:51:30.164 [[main]-pipeline-manager] INFO    logstash.pipeline - Starting pipeline {"id"=>"main", "pipeline.workers"=>2, "pipeline.batch.size"=>125, "pipeline.batch.delay"=>5, "pipeline.max_inflight"=>250}
logstash_1          | 01:51:30.246 [[main]-pipeline-manager] INFO  logstash.pipeline - Pipeline main started
logstash_1          | 01:51:30.860 [Api Webserver] INFO  logstash.agent - Successfully started Logstash API endpoint {:port=>9600}
logstash_1          | 01:51:33.318 [LogStash::Runner] WARN  logstash.agent - stopping pipeline {:id=>"main"}
docker_logstash_1 exited with code 0

What could be the problem?

A: I resolved it changing the input from the filter:
input{ tcp{
        port=> 9600
        host=>localhost
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CSC Celebrates Opening Of Math Science Center For Innovative Learning
September 8 , 2022 11:46 am by John Axtell
(Photo by Tena L. Cook/Chadron State College)
Chadron State College held dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremonies Wednesday for its $32-million expanded and remodeled Math Science Building, now the Math Science Center of Innovative Learning
The dedication came almost exactly two years after groundbreaking ceremonies were held for the project that gutted the half-century old structure and added a new wing that more than doubled the space.
Chadron State President Dr Randy Rhine said the building was state-of-the-art when it opened but hadn't kept up with technological advances or the growth in careers in STEM – science, technology, engineering, math. The COIL restores its status.
Rhine acted as MC for the ceremony with other speakers including a student, a faculty member, Nebraska State College System Chancellor Paul Turman, and Chadron State Foundation Board Chair John Smith.
All praised the partnership between the Legislature, Gov Pete Ricketts, the Trustees, Chadron State, the Foundation, and the businesses, organizations, and individuals who contributed to the project.
The funding package was predicated on the college and Foundation raising enough money to make the first year's bond payments and Smith said donors did just that.
Smith said the Center of Innovative Learning represents the culmination of well over a decade of planning and lobbying by hundreds of dedicated people.
Smith said the COIL has given the college and the region a remarkable asset for the future+
Smith reminded the audience that the COIL project is part of a decade of more than $80-million dollars of new construction that includes the Coffee Pavilion, the Rangeland Center, Chicoine Center, Eagle Ridge housing, the renovated Elliott Field/Don Beebe Stadium, and the new track.
Adams State, New Mexico Highlands Visit This Weekend
Ricketts Unveils New Website For Broadband Expansion In Nebraska


text:
Tag Archives: Media
Women and Modern Media in 3rd World Countries..
May 27, 2014 Humanity, Life, Society, UncategorizedManipulation, Media, Sex Objects, Society, WomenÇøŋfuzëÐ SøurcëÇødë
First of all go to this link and watch it…
http://www.storypick.com/damaging-truth-indian-entertainment-industry-doesnt-want-know/
or just watch this…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rt1Rhd_sRhg
The 3rd Worl Countries and Media
I'm from a third world country ! The type of country where there is so much of poverty, hunger, political issues, social issues, and so on. Lets narrow down to India and Sri Lanka. These two countries are located right next to each other, therefore it has caused them to share so many common cultural and social attributes… Separation of social classes, desperation for needs by the poor, media manipulation are very much common for these two countries. Truth be told, when we consider the Media and the Movie Industry, Sri Lankans inherited the Media culture of India since long time back, SADLY ! Our most of our film producers most of the time, copied shit from their movies and adopted them in the Local movies in Sri Lanka, even today we are seeing so many movies being put out to publish, which are like complete rip-offs of Indian dumb movies.
The Adaptation across
BUT there are few movie producers who have been producing amazingly unique creative movies in Sri Lanka, but despite of those few, the rest is total shit copied and adopted from Indian movies. Even if you agree with me or not, it is the ugly truth. Oh the reason why I call Indian movies are dumb ? is because they are like extremely unrealistic, and no proper flow of the story, even by watching them you feel so effing dumb. You may realize if you have been at least randomly watching hindi movies since long time back. But also among them I have seen some realistic great movies, but its very few compared to the whole.
Women as Sex Objects
In most of these movies, something very common is that, they have been using Women as Sex objects. They are trying to attract the audience by exposing the sex objectives of men and women. This is what you call manipulation. The movie itself executes so many incidents where the Woman is being used as sex objects, zooming in their private areas as they move and shake during a dance scenery in the movie and so on and so forth.
The Manipulation
Yes this manipulation for attracting people is a good tactic but no one sees the serious damage they are doing to the society. You see people in these third world countries are fighting with poverty, less educated, so many serious social problems, then they also somehow likes to go watch a movie once in a while. And when they do all they get to see is this manipulation, seeing a woman as a sex object where they could use for anything as they wish. In each and every one of those movies, they highlight on so many inappropriate physical things the main actor does to the actress, checking out their private parts, touching them inappropriately, tapping her back area and so on, hope you have brains to realize those moments (if you don't you were being successfully manipulated). And worst of all the people in the background of the scenery of the movie are all cheering for that. (SERIOUSLY WTF ?) So the crowd who are also watching starts cheering with the manipulation, thinking that its a good thing to do those things to any woman even in public even without her asking.
A Fantasy World
These manipulations creates a fantasy world in the minds of the viewer, where they could do whatever they want to any woman in public, they are existing to be used as in these movies, everyone will accept those actions in public and cheer for it. Because you see the main Actor, is someone supposedly very famous and rich person, and the audience must surely be fans of him, and some might be having him as their role models, heroes and so on, which is the typical mindset of 3rd world country people. And because of this whatever the main actor does, they shall be cheering for that and accept it as right. Because for gods sake it is interpreted visually and audibly, so the perfect creation of the fantasy world in the audience's mind. When it comes to teenagers, this is even worst, the less life experienced nubile young minds, being shown such a fantasy which doesn't even exist in reality.
Yes, keep on reading you may see the results of this so called fantasy world…
The Actual results of this
The problem is, What they see from those movies is what they expect to experience in real life too. Because this manipulation it radically changes the mindset of the general population, especially those less educated, poor desperate citizens. This manipulations sends subconscious messages to the brain telling that, "this is what you should do in public, this is totally ok to do so as you can see even in the movie people are cheering for that, so you can do this to any woman in public and everyone will cheer for that…" ! Yes I know this may sound totally bogus for you but, its true psychologically, because these people are being visually, socially and ideologically manipulated through these kinds of sceneries in the movies, and moreover they are less educated, both socially and mentally, therefore it sends a permanent message to the brain "this is what you should expect in real life too.. this is what you should do.." and so on.
People would seek that in Reality..
This is why we seeing so many socially and culturally sickening incidents in daily life, because those manipulated people are seeking for them in reality. The rapeing, sex desperation, and so many other issues arises because of this. The innocent women in the general society faces the output of this serious situation.
Something Funny..
The funny thing is that, at the end of the day those producers, and actresses will be spending their lives in Luxury Villas spending shit load of money from those movies, but its our own poor mothers, sisters and daughters who will be having to go through this pathetic tragedy every single day in the society. Even though these actresses themselves they raise voices against these misbehaving of men and rapists, what they don't realize is that they were the root cause for this situation even partially.
Why wouldn't they Stand up for Root cause..
I think these Actresses should stand themselves, if the really wanna change this situation, by standing for themselves and rejecting when they are asked to perform such actions in movies. I think that would be the best way to raise their voice against this situation. But bottom line I don't think that would be possible, because people would do anything for the Money as its has become the most important possession in today's life. But I have seen a few Actresses and Actors who has stood up for this situation and refused when they were asked to perform such actions in movies. And I personally present my respect for them. Sadly for the most part what we see is that some Actress protesting in public against rapists and inappropriate behaviors of men using women as sex objects, then the next day they would go act in some movie performing those inappropriate fantasy actions in a movie to be used as sex objects for money. SIGH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Media defines our lives.. like it or not..
Media defines our lives like it or not, which is the bitter truth. The redefine our Culture, Society, beliefs and Actions through manipulation. Yes that is inevitable, because we humans possess brains which can be easily manipulated with the power of media with Visual and Auditory messages which would directly go through the subconscious and affect our real life.
Prevention is better than Cure..
There is a saying in Science "Prevention is better than Cure". We are already facing the worst results of this scenario in today's world. Open up a newspaper, how many rape incidents do you see ? how many inappropriate incidents ? how many female physical torture incidents d o you see ? the list goes on and on…
This must be stopped ! from the ROOT CAUSE ITSELF ! which wouldn't happen unless we as individuals take any actions against it. 🙂
Lets hope for a better future where women are treated and honored the best they deserve without these pathetic media manipulations.


text:
This is the Swagger specification for the [Job Service](../job-service) interfaces.
It uses yaml to specify some general information about the web service and the available operations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub