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Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Costa Rica BIT (2002) BITs Signed (not in force) Costa Rica 07/10/2002 Full text: es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Spain BIT (2001) BITs Terminated Spain 29/10/2001 09/07/2002 09/07/2012 Full text: es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Paraguay BIT (2001) BITs In force Paraguay 03/05/2001 04/09/2003 Full text: en | es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - United States of America BIT (1998) BITs Terminated United States of America 17/04/1998 06/06/2001 10/06/2012 Full text: en | es
Austria - Bolivia, Plurinational State of BIT (1997) BITs Terminated Austria 04/04/1997 01/07/2002 01/07/2013 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Korea, Republic of BIT (1996) BITs In force Korea, Republic of 01/04/1996 04/06/1997 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Romania BIT (1995) BITs In force Romania 09/10/1995 16/03/1997 Full text: ro
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Ecuador BIT (1995) BITs Terminated Ecuador 25/05/1995 15/08/1997 19/05/2018 Full text: es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Cuba BIT (1995) BITs In force Cuba 06/05/1995 23/08/1998 Full text: es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Denmark BIT (1995) BITs Terminated Denmark 12/03/1995 22/03/1997 13/05/2014 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Chile BIT (1994) BITs Terminated Chile 22/09/1994 21/07/1999 11/04/2020 Full text: es
Argentina - Bolivia, Plurinational State of BIT (1994) BITs Terminated Argentina 17/03/1994 01/05/1995 13/05/2014 Full text: es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Peru BIT (1993) BITs In force Peru 30/07/1993 19/03/1995 Full text: es
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - China BIT (1992) BITs In force China 08/05/1992 01/09/1996 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Netherlands BIT (1992) BITs Terminated Netherlands 10/03/1992 01/11/1994 01/11/2009 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Sweden BIT (1990) BITs Terminated Sweden 20/09/1990 03/07/1992 04/07/2013 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Italy BIT (1990) BITs Terminated Italy 30/04/1990 22/02/1992 22/02/2012 Full text: it
BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Bolivia, Plurinational State of BIT (1990) BITs Terminated BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) 25/04/1990 10/01/2004 10/01/2014 Full text: fr
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Spain BIT (1990) BITs Terminated Spain 24/04/1990 12/05/1992 09/07/2002 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - France BIT (1989) BITs Terminated France 25/10/1989 12/10/1996 06/05/2013 Full text: fr
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - United Kingdom BIT (1988) BITs Terminated United Kingdom 24/05/1988 16/02/1990 14/05/2014 Full text: en
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Switzerland BIT (1987) BITs Terminated Switzerland 06/11/1987 17/05/1991 17/05/2019 Full text: fr
Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Germany BIT (1987) BITs Terminated Germany 23/03/1987 09/11/1990 13/05/2014 Full text: en
Economic Complementation General Agreement on Integration, Economic and Social Cooperation for the Establishment of a Common Market between the Republic of Bolivia and the Republic of Peru Bolivia-Peru Economic Complementation Agreement TIPs Signed (not in force) Peru 01/01/2004
Partial Reach Agreement for Economic, Trade and Investment Promotion between the Republic of Argentina and the Republic of Bolivia Argentina-Bolivia Partial Agreement TIPs Signed (not in force) Argentina 01/01/2004 Full text: es
Political Dialogue and Co-operation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Andean Community and its Member States, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, of the Other Part ANDEAN-EC Cooperation Agreement TIPs Signed (not in force) EU (European Union) 15/12/2003 Full text: en
Trade and Investment Cooperation Arrangement between the Government of Canada and the Governments of the Andean Community ANDEAN-Canada Cooperation Agreement TIPs In force Canada 31/05/1999 31/05/1999 Full text: en
Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Governments of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, Member Countries of the Andean Community, concerning the establishment of a trade and investment council ANDEAN-US Trade and Investment Council TIPs Signed (not in force) United States of America 30/10/1998
Framework Agreement for the Creation of a Free Trade Area between the Andean Community and MERCOSUR ANDEAN-MERCOSUR Framework Agreement TIPs In force MERCOSUR (Mercado Común Sudamericano) 16/04/1998 16/04/1998 Full text: es
Economic Complementation Agreement N. 36 between the Governments of the States Parties of MERCOSUR and the Government of the Republic of Bolivia Bolivia-Mercosur Complementation Agreement TIPs In force MERCOSUR (Mercado Común Sudamericano) 17/12/1996 28/02/1997 Full text: es
Economic Complementation Agreement N.22 between the Government of the Republic of Bolivia and the Government of the Republic of Chile Bolivia-Chile Economic Agreement TIPs In force Chile 06/04/1993 06/04/1993 Full text: es
Treaty Establishing the Latin American Association LAIA Treaty TIPs In force 12/08/1980 18/03/1981 Full text: en
Agreement on Andean Sub-regional Integration (Cartagena Agreement) Cartagena Agreement TIPs In force 26/05/1969 16/10/1969 Full text: en
Bolivia Model BIT National Model agreements Full text: es
Andean Decision 291 1991 Regional/Plurilateral Intergovernmental agreements Full text: en | es


Luca: Luca is sedated with a special ventilator which is allowing his lungs to take a break and get stronger without being worn out. He also is on medication to keep his blood pressure stable. He got a catheter this morning because the sedation is causing his muscles to not work. He's lost some weight because of this but it's just water and the doctor is okay with that because he is doing a great job producing urine. He also has been wearing his jaundice shades and light and has kept his level pretty steady so far. He got a heart echo (ultrasound on his heart) today due to the presence of a murmur. The murmur may be a valve that hasn't closed yet (usually closes within 24 hrs after birth in full term babies; very common for preemies). The results of the echo are not in yet. Other than that he spent the day holding hands with mom, dad and grandma Pat. Dad got to help check his diaper for changing and take his temperature today. Mom got to feed him his first "mommy noms" (breastmilk) by placing milk on a cotton swab and swabbing his cheeks. He didn't react to much (except holding fingers) today but that is part of the sedation for sure. All in all a much better day than yesterday- nice and calm day #2.
Anze: Anze is on a standard ventilator to help his lungs get some rest and not work so hard. He is also on medication to keep his blood pressure stable. With both of these he is somewhat sedated, but much more alert than his big brother. He has his cool jaundice shades and light and spent the day with his feet up on the pillow in the incubator looking like he was lounging by the pool. Yes, I took pictures of his feet up! He spent the day similar to his big brother; holding hands with mom, dad and grandma Pat. Mom changed his diaper and took his temp as well as fed him his first mommy noms. He actually reacted and sucked on the swab a bit. It was a wonderful sight to see and made mom and dad very proud. He had a very good day as well.
Yuri Jr: Yuri spent the morning with babcha and dido and the afternoon with grandma, poppy and auntie Glo. He was a happy, chatty boy today. He even got to take a trip to the hospital to visit mom and dad. He was super excited to see his mommy sitting up and able to play with him (as much as possible given staples and stomach pain!). Lots of hugs and kisses and cuddles for mom. He went home to be with daddy... his first time home since his brothers joined the family. He was happy to be home with his toys, his dog and his dad.
Mom and Dad: We are doing well. Every day is a new day and we are trying to prepare for whatever may arise and trusting in God to watch over our boys every step of the way and to guide the doctors in their care over them. We are so grateful for everyone that has shown support- it is truly appreciated! Here's to a wonderful day #3!!


Thank you for your purchase with us. Your order will be processed and the products you ordered sent, after they have been collated. Please note that your order was made securely over an encrypted server, which means that none of your credit or debit card details have been compromised in any way, shape or form. Paypal® which is one of our preferred payment providers offers some of the most secure online transactions in the world, so you have no need to worry. We are certain, that you will get great benefits from using our products and hope to serve you again. Please tell your friends about us, and also give us feedback on how we are doing as well as product suggestions! We like to be as close to our clients as possible and make purchasing from us, a smooth and easy experience. So thank you very much for purchasing with us, and we'll get on with making up your Mystery Box! By the way, if you have any suggestions, feedback, good or bad, let us know. Drop us an email. Feedback@CosmicBoxx.com Go back to the home page. We wish you only the very best. Best wishes.


Treefight for Sunlight is an apt name for the Danish four-piece. Well, the Sunlight part at least. Their sun-drenched, euphoric harmonies emit every existing positive emotion. When their eponymous debut album was released earlier this year, I assumed it would be thrown into the spotlight and serve as one of the year's most praised alternative releases. For reasons that I cannot understand, this was not the case.
When jumping into their unique sound of ecstatic summer pop, it's easy to think of The Beach Boys, The Zombies, Beach House, and MGMT, all uniting their sounds to create an accessible sense of pop-laden euphoria. They combine falsetto vocals with dreamy compositions that transport you to the happiest place in the world. They somehow create this magical effect with just their voices, a keyboard, guitar, bass and drums. At this point, I don't want you to get the wrong impression; they're not cheesy. They make glorious pop music in a way that still retains rawness and creativity.
Some songs do stand out more than others. Among a few, "What Became of You and I?" always sticks out as a strong number. The precise and tight drumming from Mathias Sørensen puts all focus on the trance-like, catchy melody beautifully carried out by Christian Rohde Lindinger. He also demonstrated the power of his voice when I saw the band live; they played a note-for-note cover of the Kate Bush classic, "Wuthering Heights". It was phenomenal. "Facing the Sun" was the first single and epitomizes the entire album. Its upbeat tempo and complex rhythms, combined with jovial riffs and catchy vocals, make for a track that never fails to put you in a good mood.
One song is an oddity, in that it isn't in the same style as the rest of the jolly album. "Tambourhinocerous Jam" is a conciisely dark instrumental, tambourine-based jam. Usually, I would put this down to pure pretentiousness; however it fits in well with the record. It keeps you alert and stops you losing interest in the golden formula that the band seems to have found. Any darkness left from that track is quickly hidden away by the familiar brightness of "Riddles and Rhymes" with its fantastic climax of an ending.
On the whole, Treefight for Sunlight is one that is an instant source of upbeat optimism. From the explosions of pure ecstasy at the start of "The Universe Is a Woman" to the enchanting tone of the guitar in "Facing the Sun", it is clear that these four young Danes posses huge amounts of talent as instrumentalists and songwriters. Regularly playing and writing music together since they were children has, without a doubt, paid off.
LOVE danish rock -good find!
This site is really showcasing some great pop music. The review of Pepper Rabbit's Red Velvet Snowball was spot on, and it led me to their first album "Beauregard" which is equally impressive, often for different reasons. Now you spotlight Treefight for Sunlight and they sound so good for so many of the same reasons that I love Pepper Rabbit, Dr. Dog, and other shameless 60's enthusiasts. The music is so immediate and elevating. Treefights for Sunlight might have a silly name, but their music sounds so sweet. Thanks for both recommendations!
This album has been my favorite of 2011.


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Posted on March 31, 2018 by 53percenter
'Ready Player One' Review: A Dumb, Shallow Exercise in Toxic Metrosexuality
The stakes in director Steven Spielberg's Ready Player One are pop-up ads. Seriously.
The year is 2045 and the world has dramatically changed over the last 27 years. To give you an idea of just how much, think back to how different the world was in 1991 (oh, wait, it's so not different that Twin Peaks, Murphy Brown, 60 Minutes, Law & Order, and Roseanne are still on the air ). Anyway, overpopulation is such a problem that poor people are forced to live in something called The Stacks — a highly ineffective housing system where dozens of mobile homes are stacked one upon the other.
Within these stacks, humanity escapes their terrible circumstance through the virtual reality glasses that allow them to live fulltime in the OASIS, a seemingly limitless video game world where anything is possible.
Everything changed in the OASIS after the death of its creator James Halliday (Mark Rylance — doing an awesome impression of Dana Carvey's Garth). Like a CGI'd Willy Wonka, Halliday remains in the OASIS where he hosts a contest that includes three golden tickets in the form of keys hidden somewhere within his vast creation. The lucky Charlie who finds those keys will win ownership of the OASIS.
Control of the OASIS means control of…
And now we come to one of the movie's biggest problems. The stakes are nonsense. We are actually supposed to care that Nolan Sorrento (Ben Mendelsohn), CEO of IOI (the second largest corporation in the world), wants to win control of the OASIS so he can make money by … placing … ads … in the … OASIS.
Let me boil Ready Player One down for you… It is as if the CEO of Netflix died and offered his company to whoever wins a Mortal Kombat tournament. Enter Bill Gates, who uses all of his corporate power to win the tournament so that he can interrupt all those Netflix shows with Microsoft ads.
Not exactly a Bwahahahaha.
Ben Mendelsohn in Ready Player One (,Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. 2018)
Lena Waithe, Win Morisaki, Olivia Cooke, and Philip Zhao in Ready Player One (Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., 2018)
As far as empathizing with the so-called underdogs in the Stacks, to be perfectly honest, a big part of me was thinking throughout, "Maybe if these sorry assholes put down the VR glasses and do something with their lives, their lives won't be so miserable."
You sit in a trailer all day watching 3-D TV and I'm supposed to feel sorry for you?
Sorrento might be a jerk, but at least he works for a living.
And Sorrento really is a jerk, not so much because he wants to place ads in the OASIS, but due to the lamest corporate security system ever. Anyone can break into his office. And I do mean anyone.
Man alive, this movie is dumb.
And these are the least of the script's problems and plot holes, holes so big an Iron Giant riding the Millennium Falcon could zip right through them.
Our Dystopian hero is, naturally, a teenager — oh, and an orphan to boot (this is a Spielberg movie). His name is Wade Watts (Tye Sheridan) and his deep knowledge of the minutiae of pop culture — most especially from the '80s — puts him in a front pole position to win Halliday's contest. Which is another problem…
Halliday, who we are supposed to empathize with (in flashbacks) as a geek who never found his emotional place in the real world, is arbitrarily handing the keys to the most powerful company in the world over to any sociopath, serial rapist, child molester, or Nolan Sorrento, who has the most joystick and Trivial Pursuit skills.
The movie itself tells us that our knowledge of John Hughes' movies and old Atari games is a moral virtue, not just through the blander than bland character of Wade Watts, but in the mindlessly shallow way Spielberg wants us to pat ourselves on the back every time we recognize one the endless cultural references that fill the screen.
Ready Player One spends most of our time in the hyper-CGI'd world of the OASIS where Wade's avatar Parzival is desperately trying to win the contest. Here he meets Art3mis (Olivia Cooke) a famous Gunter (don't ask) who eventually becomes his love interest.
Tye Sheridan and Olivia Cooke in Ready Player One (Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., 2018)
In the real world Art3mis is Samantha Cook, a member of the resistance desperate to keep the OASIS out of IOI's hands (cuz pop ads are sooo annoying). At one point, when they meet up in the real world, Samantha says to Wade, "Welcome to the revolution," and this is where we expect to enjoy a tour of the revolution, except there really isn't a revolution, but that line sure sounded great in the trailer.
Oh, and we are supposed to feel sorry for Samantha because of a birthmark no darker than a mild sunburn circle on one of her eyes. Sure, she still looks like Olivia Cooke, but poor thing…
Spielberg's only achievement is making a sci-fi movie dumber than Elysium, but that Matt Damon dud at least offered some real stakes and decent world building. The OASIS is a smoldering garbage pile of CGI, a frenetic video game filled with pops of pop culture.
If that is not exhausting enough, there are no rules in the OASIS, and therefore there is no tension. People conjure up whatever weapons they need, gravity is not an issue, and the worst that can happen is a Game Over — so, you know, you go right back in.
If recognizing the Mach 5 and RoboCop give you a sense of self-satisfaction unavailable to you in mom's basement, this movie is for you. For the rest of us, the entire experience is numbing and uninvolving, like watching a middle-aged man play a video game for 140 minutes.
Without giving anything away, the movie's last few minutes might be the most morally bankrupt ever put on film.
Ready Player One is nothing less than an exercise in toxic metrosexuality.
Follow John Nolte on Twitter @NolteNC. Follow his Facebook Page here.
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All you Californian mountain or road bikers, we are planning to be in the Napa Valley for a couple of days in late May. Is it necessary to book a one day bike tour with a professional company, or should we just head out with a map on our own? We would like to stop at a couple of vineyards and get some exercise along the way. We are decent but not professional bikers and can manage some hilly terrain. Probably just want to go 30-40 miles/max for the day, allowing plenty of time for eating and soaking up the ambience. Any help appreciated.
Why not consider cycling in Sonoma County for at least one of those days. You could do a looop from Healdsburg, out Westside Rd..connecting to Eastside Rd. and back into town...or along Dry Creek Valley or around the Alexander Valley. Each of those routes passes great wineries and will give you the chance to stop and taste. You might call the Healdsburg Chamber of Commerce and see if they have a map of bike routes they could send you.
Have a great ride! You certainly can do it on your own. Do be aware of roads that cross RR tracks; some riders have snagged their tires in the tracks and have gone head-first to the pavement. Just be mindful of this and you'll enjoy your scenic travels.
You could also call St. Helena Cyclery (in St. Helena, Napa Valley) and they are sure to give you advice re. maps and/or guides.
Thanks for the information re: Chamber and St. Helena Cycling. I'll try both. Are the roads heavily trafficked mid-week?
If you want an interesting choice of places to stay in Hbg where your bikes would be safe...check out www.sonomacountyvacations.com. Rentals towards the end of the list are less expensive.


Episode 39: Don't let the holidays hold you back!
Today we talk about how the Holidays and Life can knock you off track.
Episode 38: Will you survive Thanksgiving?
Episode 37: Interview Pt. 2: Whats in the future of Relentless?
Episode 36: Interview Pt.1: It's been a lifetime in the making!
Today we switch things up, Chris interviews Josh on the full story of the journey to what Relentless Fitness is today.
Today Nick joins us to talk about positivity and keeping the ball rolling through the winter months.
Episode 34: I'm sick, can I workout?
Today we talk about Precision Nutrition's diagram for exercise guidelines when you aren't feeling 100%.
Episode 33: Becoming an Ironman!
Today we talk with our guest and newest Ironman, Sarah Rockwell, about her journey through fitness and becoming and Ironman Triathlete!
Episode 32: Stress relief from exercise, good sleep habits, & the Ironman!
Today we talk about stress relief from exercise, setting good habits for sleep, little changes that can keep you on or get you back on track, and Sarah dominating her Ironman. Don't forget to rate and subscribe!


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One of BBC's most celebrated presenters through her hugely popular investigative series Stacey Dooley confirms show at the Ulster Hall in Belfast on 23 February 2020.
Twelve years into her career, Stacey Dooley has firmly established herself, covering a diverse range of topics from across the world; from arms dealers in the USA to Nigeria's female suicide bombers, from Russia's war on women to paramilitary attacks in Northern Ireland and how to tackle fast fashion.
Having left school at 15 and never studying journalism professionally, Stacey's career as a broadcaster and journalist began whilst working at Luton Airport, when she was chosen to travel to India to work as a contributor on Blood, Sweat and T-Shirts. She has since gone on to have her own BBC3 series, with additional commissions for shows on BBC One and Panorama. Her down-to-earth approach and ability to draw the truth out of people has engaged a new generation of younger viewers.
Stacey is also the author of the bestselling book On the Front Line with the Women Who Fight Back in which she drew on her global encounters with incredible women in extraordinary and scarily ordinary circumstances, and in 2018 won BBC One's incredibly popular dance competition Strictly Come Dancing. Is there nothing this woman can't do?!
In this rare live appearance, Stacey talks about her remarkable career so far, where she's headed next, and how news and investigative journalism are evolving in such a highly polarised global political climate and a constantly shifting media landscape.
Join her for what promises to be a thought-provoking, inspiring and informative evening at the Ulster Hall, Belfast on 23 February 2020.
With a chance to try your own hand at journalism and ask Stacey the questions, this is an opportunity not to be missed.
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The LEGO Marvel Super Heroes The Hulkbuster: Ultron Edition (76105) is now available for purchase on [email protected]. The set retails for $119.99 and it is a Marvel UCS version of the Hulkbuster from the 76031 set from 2015.
In addition to the set being available now, there are also some promotions that you'll be able to get with the Hulkbuster including a color Marvel art print (5005573), a limited edition art print sketch (5005574), and The Guardians' Ship (30525) polybag since it meets all three requirements to get them. I've heard there are a limited number of the print sketch by Ron Lim so jump on it if you want to get one. As I mentioned before, LEGO Brand Stores may only limited quantities of the sketch print depending on how many they got in today.
As always, please use our links as it does help support the site.


And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host. And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, on the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they knew not what it was. And Moses said to them, This is the bread which the LORD has given you to eat. This is the thing which the LORD has commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take you every man for them which are in his tents. And the children of Israel did so, and gathered, some more, some less. And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating. And Moses said, Let no man leave of it till the morning. Notwithstanding they listened not to Moses; but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses was wroth with them. And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melted.
Led by God out of Egypt, the Israelites had been drifted in the wild for forty years. For relying on Jehovah, even if they didn't sow or reap, they would get the Manna from the Heaven by God and can be survival. Today, we also get the manna from God, it's God's words, just as recorded in Bible, "And he humbled you, and suffered you to hunger, and fed you with manna, which you knew not, neither did your fathers know; that he might make you know that man does not live by bread only, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of the LORD does man live" (Deuteronomy 8:3). From this verse we can see that man shall not live by food alone but God's words. His words make our life grow and we have more and more faith in Him. It is recorded in Revelation, God will give the overcomers the hidden manna in the last days. Then what's the secret of the hidden manna? How can we be the overcomers to get the hidden manna?
Recommended for you: What Is the "Hidden Manna"?


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HeadlinesNatural Disasters
Saint Lucia Extends Condolences to Haiti After Earthquake
Press Release:– In the wake of the reported 5.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Haiti on the evening of Saturday 6th October 2018, the Government of Saint Lucia has expressed condolences to the Government and People of Haiti.
It has been reported that at least 12 people have died and over 200 were injured in the earthquake and at least one aftershock that rocked the northern part of the island.
In a statement on Monday, Prime Minister Honourable Allen Chastanet called on Saint Lucians to keep the people of Haiti in all our thoughts and prayers.
"Right now the fear is that there will be strong aftershocks," stated Prime Minister Chastanet. "These are our brothers and sisters in Haiti who have suffered immensely and are now living in fear and this may create panic. We also know that the people of Haiti are still recovering from the devastating 2010 earthquake. We must continue to offer support where we can, especially at the OECS and Caricom levels. Our deepest condolences go out to the families of the victims and to those injured in this most recent earthquake."
This is reportedly the strongest earthquake to hit Haiti since 2010 when Haiti was devastated by a quake measuring 7.3 on the richter scale which left more than 220,000 people dead and over 300,000 were injured.


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Is Porsche Surrendering The Horsepower War To The Competition?
May. 07, 2015 12:40 PM ET by Jay Traugott Rumor / 38 Comments
When too much power means too much of something else.
If there's anything you need to know about Porsche it's this: it never holds back and is fearless when facing its competition. But what about the headline to this article? Is Porsche surrendering the horsepower war with competitors such as Ferrari and McLaren? The best way to answer that is not to think of raw hp, but in power-to-weight ratios. Car Magazine is reporting that the head of Porsche's GT division, Andreas Preuninger, hinted that the next generation of cars won't have the same output levels that we see today. However, that's not at all a bad thing.
Preuninger stated that he's "not a believer in this horsepower monster, up, up, up, more, more, more. For my personal tastes, around 500hp is enough, because 700-800hp calls for bigger brakes, sturdier suspension, it gets heavier and heavier logically." Best way to summarize that: weight-saving over increased hp. "I think it's not my engineering target to get 50hp more every generation, I'd rather turn it around and make the car lighter again, a specific horsepower per kilo. I think that makes more sense…we have to be more concentrated on the overall package, not just hp."
Source Credits: www.carmagazine.co.uk
Tags: #Porsche News #Engine #Industry News #Rumor #Technology
Jay Traugott
Jay Traugott was just nine years old when his grandfather gave him his first auto magazine which began his passion for cars. He was raised in Toledo, Ohio, the home of Jeep and the people who love them. After wrapping up a degree in Communications and English at Ohio University, he worked in online media and advertising for several years before making the switch to automotive journalism. He's been with CarBuzz since 2010.


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Cameron Shields
@CamShields73
DOB: December 15, 2000
Hometown: Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
Team: Legacy Autosport
HOBBIES: Traveling and spending time with my family and friends, hanging out at the beach, playing the drums and listening to music RACING GOAL: To become an NTT IndyCar Series Champion RACING HERO: Will Power ONE PERSON I WOULD MOST LIKE TO MEET: Roger Penske FITNESS: Cycling and personal training with Vision Sports Science FAVORITE SPORTS TEAMS: IndyCar - Team Penske; Formula 1 - Daniel Ricciardo FAVORITE SPORTS TO PLAY: Motorsport, soccer, rugby and touch football TALENT I WISH I HAD: To be a talented singer FAVORITE PLACES TO VISIT: Tasmania; the Gold Coast, Queensland; Mooloolaba on the Queensland Sunshine Coast; and Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia BUCKET LIST ITEMS: Skydive, travel around the world and dog-sledding in Canada INTERESTING NOTE: I raced motocross for five years and I am from the same hometown as Will Power.
RACING HISTORY | 2019: Finished 13th in his rookie Cooper Tires USF2000 season despite competing in only the first nine races… earned two podiums, including a victory on the oval at Lucas Oil Raceway, and five top-10s… earned the AiM Move of the Year and Hi-Tide Spirit Awards… won a Sport Australia Hall of Fame Scholarship. 2018: Earned 18 wins, 50 podiums and eight pole positions in six different racing series… finished second in the Australian Formula 3 Premier Series with seven wins, 18 podiums and three pole positions… earned four victories in nine races in the New South Wales Formula Race Car Championship… earned victories in the CAMS Payce Australian Formula 4 Championship (two) and the New South Wales Formula Ford Championship (three)… also competed in the Australian Formula Ford series (two podiums) and the Victorian Formula Ford Championship (two wins, five podiums). 2017: Finished second in the Australian Formula Ford Championship with eight wins and 12 podiums in 17 races… finished third in the CAMS Jayco Australian Formula 4 Championship with four wins and 12 podiums… earned three victories in six races in the Victorian Formula Ford Championship… claimed two victories and three podiums in five New South Wales Formula Ford Championship races… garnered the Confederation of Australian Motorsport (CAMS) Rising Star Scholarship and earned the CAMS Young Driver of the Year award. 2016: Won the Australian Formula 3 Premier Series National Class (the youngest ever National Formula 3 title winner) with 13 wins and five pole positions in 15 races… also competed in the Australian Formula Ford Series and the Queensland Racing and Sports Car Championship. 2015: Made his first Formula car start at the age of 14… competed in the Australian Formula Ford Series, the New South Wales Formula Ford Championship and the Queensland Racing and Sports Car Championship. 2010-2013: Won numerous karting races and championships. 2006-2009: Competed in junior motocross.


Amarr has announced a price increase of 5% on all garage door products effective 04/30/2012. We will honor proposals written prior to 04/30/2012 for the time indicated at the bottom of the proposal (usually 45 days). Please contact us with any questions about how this may effect a proposal we have provided for your project.
Garage Door Corporation is still making pricing adjustments but expects to pass along most of this price increase.
This will affect garage doors & parts sold in the Chicago, IL area as well as out of area requests. Please check our website at www.gdcorp.com for further details.


Power of, than courage, and produced a limited number of outstanding of watches, name announced to the world in a short time, the Swiss watchmaker Romain Jerome's story of began in 2004. History, Romain Jerome passion and an indispensable part of the brand's ID. Romain Jerome displayed their ability, the first thing that comes to mind, is history. Of human history, important developments, tragedies, with the special dial watches, brand name, giving the CEO, an accessory that reflects their passion.
In fact, everything, golfers, with needing a special watch golf began. Romain Jerome, the first wristwatch Hole in One Golf Counter 's were designed. This wristwatch, golfers, 18 bore for a tour, showing a score, was equipped. Which is in the hole, doing how many strokes, and taken in every hole scores are recorded. Romain Jerome, Hole in One Golf Counter was a significant commercial success.
Romain Jerome, history you to move your wristproviding a brand special and unusual. The brand's luxury watch industry, the main entrance, the famous 'DNA of Famous Legend"s, with the launch of the collection took place. Extracted from the Titanic, with parts manufactured and watches for fans, an important part of history, gives the opportunity to move on wrists, Romain Jerome Titanic DNA, the series released as the first watch.
After the Titanic DNA, quadrant, with real moon dust, and printed in the foot the moon, the year which produced 1,969 units, Moon Dust DNA was produced. Moon Dust DNA, an essential feature of Apollo XI the space station from the watch of some parts was used in the construction. Romain Jerome was most interested in is the science of chemistry. The brand, which is stabilized in many models and corrosion has been stopped rusty ferrous and the steel parts. These pieces, for those who want to make sure that removal from the Titanic, the legendary ship building companies, Harland & Wolf signed, is given a special certificate. Swiss watch company Romain Jerome Moon Dust DNA's collection is made of space-related parts. Moon Dust DNA's watch, framing, moon rocks are composed of the sand. Wristwatch metal parts, is made up of Apollo 11. The wristwatch strap, consists of clothing worn on the ISS task. Different models of watches produced in price between $ 15,000 and $ 500,000.
Romain Jerome's other models, the Liberty DNA. Statue of Liberty's specially produced to 125 years, and a safe with original parts from the famous statue of Liberty DNA, only 125 units were produced.
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In Iceland Eyjafjallajökull volcano, which inspired Romain Jerome, the tragedy has led to one of the. In Iceland, creating great fear and causing the cessation of flights all over Europe from the volcano, volcanic dust, Eyjafjallajökull DNA dial, adorn. 99 pieces produced this hour, hour and minute hands with the figures in the aircraft at the time of the disaster happened air traffic implies that stops.
The DNA of Famous Legend 'other members of the collection, the Art of DNA. Swiss famous artist John M. Armleder the joint study with the product, the Art of DNA collection is made up of just 10 pieces. This on the face of a wristwatch, Native American culture, which is one of the indispensable motifs, skulls with figures, watcheseach one specifically numbered and bears the signature of the artist. 'DNA of Famous Legend' collection, with iconic figures and important events in the history of mankind to respect, offering, Romain Jerome, started in 2004 was short but replete adventure, every day continues with firm steps.
Romain Jerome Art DNA priced at USD 23,000.
Luxury watch of the manufacturers collection is constantly expanding. Having a high level of technology and mechanical labor, Octopus, Romain Jerome Titanic DNA collection, the new part. Watches the dial, Superluminova (blue emission) coated with. Titanic Octopus DNA collection as in the wrist watches and stabilized in the context of steel with its oxide. Water-resistant up to 888 meters with a limited number of hours, only 888 units will be produced. Red, black and metal versions of the Octopus will be available for sale with prices starting at $ 13,750.
Romain Jerome's watch collection Tattoo DNA, the brand is one of the world's most famous tattoo artist Mo Coppolet the product of joint work carried out with. The collection of sailors from the world, and they are inspired by traditional tattoo. Tattoo-DNA collection, each one with 25 pieces will be produced, is made up of four different models. Watches, 50 mm in diameter casing and black PVD-coated carved frame. The frames grip quotes, steel or PVD-coated steel. A total of 100 units will be produced.


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Harding04.pdf (50.74 kB)
Thinking skills tests for University admission
posted on 25.05.2006, 12:55 by Robert Harding
The relatively large number of university applicants predicted multiple A-grades in end of school A-level examinations when they apply has led to growing interest by several Universities in special additional tests for admissions purposes. The UK Government is also concerned about access to university courses, and in May 2003 Secretary of State for Education and Skills Charles Clarke requested Professor Steven Schwartz, Vice-Chancellor of Brunel University, to conduct an independent review1. The enquiry's concerns about widening access to higher education has also led to a search for additional admissions indicators. Tests based on Thinking Skills appear promising for both purposes, and CAA has a major contribution to make in delivering them successfully.
University Academic and Administrative Support
CAA Conference
HARDING, R., 2004. Thinking Skills Tests for University Admission. IN: Proceedings of the 8th CAA Conference, Loughborough: Loughborough University
© Loughborough University
Loughborough Publications


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Meet Houston Marriage Counselor Damian Duplechain
Damian Duplechain's Bio
Damian is an award-winning clinician in addition to serving as co-founder and chief clinical officer for the Center for Marriage & Family Relationships in Houston, Texas. He enjoys meeting new couples and families and helping them discover how to co-create the relationships of their dreams by learning to effectively communicate, practicing understanding and empathy, and connecting with one another.
Having decades of experience, Damian has worked with hundreds of couples and many families (including single parents), presented more than 200 Imago Couples Workshops to over 2000 couples, and participated in many professional presentations to clinicians in the Southwestern United States and also Mexico. He he has also supervised many clinicians in couples and family therapy, and also made many appearances on media platforms.
In addition to his Imago Therapy certification, Damian has also experienced training in the Emotional Freedom Technique, John Gottman's model, Terry Real's model, and PACT (Psychological Approach to Couples Therapy) by Dr. Stan Tatkin.
He works from an affordable, private practice fee schedule (cash or check) from Houston and around the world, both in person and via his Zoom Health Professional license.
In his personal life, Damian has spent many years as a husband and father, and now enjoys the successes of an adult daughter and son, as well as spending time with the little guy who (finally) made him become a grandfather.
"Damian is very knowledgeable, smart, and wise, of course, but it is his essence that makes him such a wonderful healer."
– Evie S.
Damian founded the Center for Marriage & Family Relationships in 2000.
His interest in counseling goes back to his undergraduate education while studying business at the University of Houston.
In the early 1990s, Damian helplessly watched the tragic and unnecessary destruction of a family with children by a misguided spouse facilitated by an unethical psychotherapist and supported by a sterile Family Law Court, as well as several other cases involving affairs. And he began his quest to learn the causes of such insanity.
Inspired by Joseph Campbell's wisdom, his counsel to 'follow your bliss,' and the evolutionary psychology of the Hero's Journey, Damian eventually found his Mission in life – to save families (especially, but not only, with kids) from the dangers of the global divorce culture by furnishing couples with the best in relationship counseling and education.
In order to offer the very best service in couples and family relationship counseling, he stays on top of the latest advances in his profession through continuing education in both Imago and relevant cutting-edge therapy modalities.
He has longed served as Chairman of Imago International's Professional Training & Standards Committee, and is a close, personal friend of the founders of Imago, Harville Hendrix, Ph.D. and Helen LaKelly Hunt, Ph.D.
Damian's Qualifications
Bachelors and Masters of Psychology, University of Houston
Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC)
Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor (LCDC)
Certified Advanced Imago Clinician
Certified Group Psychotherapist (CGP)
Certified Advanced Addiction Counselor
Professional Organizations:
Chairman of the Professional Training & Standards Committee, Imago Relationship International
Houston Group Psychotherapy Society
serving the Houston area
200 Workshops
presented in Texas and Latin America
2,000 Couples
improved their relationships


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SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: ENIGMA OR BREAKTHROUGH?
Introduced by Dr Peter Ford, University of Bath, on 28 November 1997
Superconductivity is the name given to the flow of a current without electrical resistance. It is an
electrical engineer's dream, having the potential for opening up all sorts of exciting technological
possibilities. Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, the Dutch scientist,
shortly after he first liquified helium, which enabled matter to be studied at temperatures close to absolute
zero (0 K).
In the early materials these very low temperatures were essential and the effect was found to be
suppressed in small magnetic fields. Both these characteristics precluded its use for technical applications.
In the next 75 years, the temperature at which material became superconducting slowly increased
to just over 20 K and the ability to remain superconducting in a large magnetic field also increased
substantially. A small but flourishing industry developed in the production of compact high-field magnets,
for which the ability to pass a high current to produce the magnetic field without at the same time generating
unwanted Joule heating was decisive.
Much had also been discovered about the theory of superconductivity and it was appreciated that
it was a much richer and more complicated phenomenon than merely the absence of electrical resistivity. It
was also found to be remarkably wide-spread and many elements, alloys and compounds were found to
enter the superconducting state.
Magnetic measurements in the 1930s showed that below the transition temperature, the magnetic
flux in many simple metals was suddenly expelled from the bulk of the superconductor. This became known
as the Meissner effect and such materials were called type I superconductors. However, many materials
showed a more complex behaviour in which the flux was only partially excluded over an intermediate state,
whilst the bulk of the material still had zero electrical resistance. These were type II superconductors and
are the materials suitable for technical applications.
A major breakthrough occurred in 1986 when two scientists, Alex M ller and Georg Bednorz,
discovered superconductivity in a complex oxide ceramic material at a temperature of around 35 K, much
higher than previous materials. This fuelled intense research activity and within a few months two groups
collaborating in America had obtained superconductivity in a similar ceramic oxide at a temperature of about
92 K. This was highly significant since it is well above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K). A
technology based on liquid nitrogen is simpler and cheaper than that based on liquid helium and it opened
up the prospects for wide-spread applications. However, the ceramic oxide, a complex mixture of the
elements yttrium, barium, copper and oxygen, has posed formidable problems in the production of suitable
wires and thin films.
The important point is that these discoveries have removed the widely held belief that
superconductivity is confined to low temperatures and have given rise to intensive theoretical
investigations to try to understand these exotic materials.


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Russian River at Steelhead Beach.
Local coalition advances plan to remove Scott Dam on the Eel River, acquire Potter Valley Project from PG&E
Ryan Burns, LOST COAST OUPOST
n a major development for both water rights and the environment on the North Coast, an unlikely coalition of five regional entities today filed a plan with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to take over the Potter Valley Project, a hydroelectric facility that diverts water from the Eel River.
For Humboldt County residents in particular, the plan is significant because it calls for the removal of Scott Dam, a 98-year old hydroelectric wall that has had major detrimental impacts to native migratory fish populations, including salmon and steelhead.
The five entities in the coalition known as the Two-Basin Partnership include the County of Humboldt, the Mendocino County Inland Water & Power Commission, the Round Valley Indian Tribes, California Trout and the Sonoma County Water Agency.
These groups have distinct and sometimes conflicting objectives for the water that's at stake, with environmental interests clamoring for fisheries restoration while agricultural users in the Potter Valley and water agencies in the Russian River basin have their own uses in mind. Agricultural interests in the Potter Valley and upper Russian River basin want the water to irrigate their crops, primarily vineyards. Sonoma and Mendocino water agencies want it to supply their customers and meet their contract obligations.
"The glue that has held this two-basin solution together is that everybody has a heck of a lot to risk here," Congressman Jared Huffman told the Outpost this morning. "Nobody has a slam dunk on what they want."
That includes PG&E. The bankrupt utility decided not to relicense the Potter Valley Project and tried unsuccessfully to auction it off. If the plan proposed by the Two-Basin Partnership falls through, FERC would almost certainly require PG&E to decommission the facility — an expensive and involved proposition.
"Their incentive is to cut their losses," Huffman said.
But today's proposal to FERC leaves many questions unanswered, not least of which is who will pay for it all. Alicia Hamann, executive director of environmental nonprofit Friends of the Eel River, said in a press release that PG&E should be made to pony up a significant amount of cash.
"Nobody wants to pay to keep Scott Dam," she says in the release. "But will PG&E be held accountable for the damage its dams and reservoirs have done to the Eel River over the last century? If PG&E doesn't pay its fair share to take out its Eel River dams, who will? The plan suggests a potentially enormous price tag. Getting part way to dam removal won't do any good for Eel River salmon and steelhead."
Humboldt County Second District Supervisor Estelle Fennell, who has been an active part of negotiations in this process, agreed. "PG&E's going to have to pay their share," she said. Nevertheless, she said today's submission of a Feasibility Study Report Project Plan is a major accomplishment.
"Obviously it's the fruit of a lot, a lot of hard work and two different interests getting together, the Russian and Eel, with an understanding that we're committed to respect [each other's] needs," she said.
But she also warned that this is just the beginning. Moving forward will require extensive studies on both the ecological and economic impacts of the proposal, and the FERC review process and public review period will take time. Plus, a formal regional entity must be formed to take over and manage the license.
Still, Fennell said the plan's inclusion of Scott Dam removal reveals the importance of Humboldt County's involvement in the stakeholder group.
The ambitious project involves more than just dam removal, though. It also calls for construction of a new pipeline to supply water to the Potter Valley Irrigation District. The cost of the entire project dam removal and infrastructure improvements is expected to run between $100 million and $400 million, with the pipeline accounting for as much as $120 million of that total on top of that amount.
Huffman said state and federal funding may be available. "If we can hold this two-basin project together, the public benefits are really broad and unique," he said. "That's what unlocks the possibility of state and federal support."
The path forward will be long and involved, he said: "Nothing happens quickly with FERC relicensing." A lot of negotiating and technical analysis needs to be completed. Asked what the best-case-scenario timeline for dam removal might be, Huffman said, " It's not going to be the next couple of years, but I don't think it needs to be more than a decade either."
Dam removal may have to be completed in stages, lowering it incrementally in order to manage the sediment impacts of water release, Huffman said. And while the five parties involved in developing this plan have managed to balance their respective interests thus far, negotiations and compromise must continue as the project moves forward.
"This is a 'trust but verify' process between the interests in the two basins," Huffman said. "You really don't want one side to get what matters to them without making roughly parallel progress on the other side."
The motive for continued cooperation is retaining control our own destiny, rather than leaving matters in the hands of FERC, the congressman said.
"Nobody has a lock on everything they want. That's the Gordian knot. And honestly I think it's why this has held together for the last couple years, because we have a chance to control the outcome," Huffman said. And in a nod to the Rolling Stones he added, "Maybe nobody gets everything they want, but the technical work and negotiations say, maybe everybody can get what they need."
Source: https://lostcoastoutpost.com/2020/may/13/local-coalition-files-plan-remove-scott-dam-eel-ri/
Author SuzannePosted on May 14, 2020 June 14, 2020 Categories WaterTags agriculture, Eel River, endangered species, PG&E, salmonids, Scott Dam
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Malaysian government sets up drone emergency task force to manage flood relief
December 23, 2021 Philip Butterworth-Hayes First responders
Digital News Asia reports that the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) through Technology Park Malaysia (TPM) will be mobilising several Malaysian drone companies to assist with relief efforts in flood-affected areas across the country.
"In a statement, the agency said a Special Drone Services Emergency Task Force (PTK2Dron) has been set up by MOSTI with TPM as the central coordinating agency. …TPM is collaborating with VStream, Alphaswift Industries Sdn Bhd, Aerodyne Group Sdn Bhd, Meraque Services Sdn Bhd, Geo Precision Tech and the Malaysia Unmanned Drone Activist Society (MUDAS) to fulfil these services.
"Aerodyne Group assisted in the flood relief efforts in Selangor. According to founder and chief executive officer (CEO), Kamarul A Mohamed, the company deployed tactical drones to harness critical information such as directional water flow, as well as to identify, reach and rescue stranded flood victims….To date, up to 500 acres in several locations in Selangor have been surveyed by drones, which have also been used to deploy emergency supplies."
Reuters reports that at least eight people have died in floods that have ravaged Malaysia. "Malaysia has mobilised its army and other security agencies across seven states, with the worst flooding in Selangor, the country's wealthiest and most populous region. Selangor police reported eight people found dead in the floods on Monday, according to state news agency Bernama."
https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/digital-economy/high-tech-drones-be-deployed-flood-recovery-and-critical-supplies-delivery-efforts
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How To Build Your YouTube Audience, From A Gamers Perspective
Rich Ord
YouTube is arguably the most disruptive marketing platform of this decade. Yes, it's been around since 2005, but only in the last few years is it starting to impact Madison Avenue marketing campaigns. Companies are using YouTube to put their brands in front of hard-to-reach niche viewers and are also finding ways to creatively make their own videos to spread their marketing message and enhance their image.
If you are the marketing director of a Fortune 2000 company or are an entrepreneur starting a small business you should dive into YouTube and video in general and learn how it can be an effective marketing tool for you or your brand.
Recently, some video gamers on the YouTube platform and part of the Youtube Creator Academy made a short video offering some advice on how to build a unique audience. This is from gamers perspective, but I think you will find the tips useful no matter what industry you are in.
"I built a community by being a really family friendly channel," said Zach Letter of Aviator Gaming. "I do mostly story based content in Minecraft. I like to consider my channel the soap opera of the Minecraft world so that kids come to watch an in-depth story that has some drama, has some romance and has that tension they deal with everyday at school or in their real life. I think that is how I built such a tight
-nit community that loves my scripting, loves my role play but also loves me."
Letter commented, "When I try to engage my audience I use a lot of the YouTube tools but I also use parts of my voice. I will try to engage them for likes and comments, just to see where they're at in a certain series." For instance Letter might ask, "What do you thinks going to happen next in the plot?" "That actually inspires me to write certain things in the script. If a lot of people want this certain thing to happen I might go back in and change the script and change up the episode. I think it's alway smart to engage comments especially when it's related to your content because it allows you to tailor content that your viewers actually want to see."
"Whether it's submissions on social media or in the comments sections they let me know that, hey, we really want to play this game, or hey, try out this game that's coming out," commented Garrett Sutton of JoblessGarrett. "Staying up on the trends and hype trains in regards to new releases of games really helps a child's world as well."
"For us it's hard, because our main body of the episodes are very heavily scripted, but we use the intro paragraphs, we use the end cards as ways to actually communicate with the fans." Matthew Patrick of The Game Theorists said. "People have been asking for us to cover films, TV and anime for a really long time, so Film Theory, the Channel, made a lot of sense. Hey, it would be really cool to see you play games and see what you do in real life, so the live stream happened."
Patrick added, "First off the way they behave on camera will really dictate the way their fans behave. If you are responding to haters all the time those are going to tend to filter up in the comments, whereas if you are responding to that thoughtful comment, it shows that you as a creator is active in that community and is someone who is listening and is excited to engage."
Check out the full video below:
Tags brands Video video advertising video creation video marketing YouTube
Google Trends Tied For Hillary Clinton & Bernie Sanders In California
PwC: Internet Advertising To Overtake TV Advertising


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Costs and Values of Nivolumab in Advanced/ Metastatic Cancer
Helmy M Guirgis*
Received: April 7, 2017; Accepted: May 2, 2017; Published: May 10, 2017
University of California, Irvine, California, USA
*Corresponding author: Helmy M Guirgis, Clinical professor, University of California, Irvine, California, USA, E-mail: @
Citation: Helmy M Guirgis (2017) Costs and Values of Nivolumab in Advanced/Metastatic Cancer. Cancer Sci Res Open Access 4(2): 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/csroa.2017.00131
Background: Nivolumab (Nivo) is a programmed death immune checkpoint antibody widely used to treat cancer. Accepted average incremental cost effectiveness ratio in the United States is 100,000.
Objectives: Compare values (V) of Nivo in advanced/metastatic melanoma, squamous (sq-) and non-sq-non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell and sq-cell cancer of head and neck (SCCHN).
Methods: Median overall survival gain over control in days (OS), hazard ratios (HR) and prices posted by the parent company were quoted. Values were computed at 4-week as C x HR (4wV) and one-year as C/life-year gain (LYG). Relative values (RV) were calculated as $100,000/C/LYG.
Results: Estimated Nivo 4wC was$10,021. In 1st-line melanoma, OS was not reached, HR 0.42and 4wV 4,209. In 2nd- line renal cell, OS was 162, 4wV 7,315, C/LYG 289,496 and RV 0.35. In sq-NSCLC, OS 96, 4wV was 5,912, C/LYG 488,524 and RV 0.20.In non-sq- NSCLC, OS was 84, 4wV 7,315,C/LYG 558,326 improving in > 10% PD-L1 to 264, 5,512 and 177,650 respectively. In SCCHN, OS was 72, 4wV 7,015 and C/LYG 651,430 improving in PD-L1 >1.0%to123, 5,512 and 381, 287. PD-L1 enrichment significantly increased RV from 0.18 to 0.56 in non-sq- NSCLC and from 0.15 to 0.26 in SCCHN.
Conclusions: The results suggested that HR could serve as adjunct or substitute tools to survival in V-based model. Nivo in 1st-line melanoma, 2nd renal and sq-NSCLC were fair and worth the C. Enrichment of PD-L1 significantly improved V of Nivo in non-sq-NSCLC and SCCHN.
Abbreviations: Adverse events (AEs); Average cost-effectiveness ratios (ACER); Confidence Interval (CI); Cost/Life-year gain (C/LYG); 4-week costs (4wC); 4-week values (4wV); Day (d); Hazard Ratio (HR); Immune check point antibody(ICPA); Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER); Median overall survival gain over control in days (OS); Metastatic (m); Milligram (mg); Non-smallcell- lung cancer (NSCLC); Non-squamous (non-sq-); Quality of life (QoL); Quality- adjusted life- year (QALY); Relative values (RV); Squamous (sq-); Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); Week (w);
Nivolumab (Nivo) is a fully human IgG4 immune checkpoint antibody (ICPA) which disrupts the protein death 1 (PD-1) signaling and restores the antitumor immunity [1]. It is widely used throughout the United Sates (US) to treat various types of cancer.
The American (ASCO) and European (ESMO) Societies of Clinical Oncology emphasized the importance of values (V) in the drug economy [2,3]. In the US, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranging from $ 50,000 to $ 150,000 per quality adjusted life-year (QALY) is considered acceptable. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (UK) rejected Nivo in 2-nd line non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the drug for the same indication. We previously proposed simplified methodology to weigh drug costs (C) and Vin metastatic (m) castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using $ 100,000 as a point of reference [4]. Values of Nivo have not been compared between the various approved indications. Our objectives were to compare the V of Nivo in 1st-line melanoma, and 2nd-line renal cell carcinoma, Squamous (sq)- NSCLC, and non-sq-NSCLC and Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN).
The median overall survival gain of Nivo over control in days (OS), hazard ratios (HR), doses, frequency and protocols were extracted from previously published clinical trials. Prescribing information and prices posted by the parent company were utilized. Costs of Nivo at 2.0 mg/Kg q 2 weeks were assessed. Values were computed at 4-week as C x HR (4wV) and one-year as C/life-year gain (LYG). Relative values (RV) were calculated as $ 100,000/C/LYG.
In early 2016, the 4wC of Nivo2.0 mg/Kg q 2 w were estimated at $ 10,021 at a yearly C of $ 130,273. The recommended total dose of 2.0 mg/Kg has since been changed to a total of 240 mg q 2 weeks and the C has increased by about 7.0%. In 1st-line melanoma, OS was not reached at the closure of the study. The HR was 0.42 and the 4wV 4,209. The OS gain; HR, V and RV of Nivo in 1st- and 2nd-lines [1, 5-8] were shown in Table. The RV in2nd-line renal cancer were 0.35 and in sq-NSCLC 0.20. The PDL1 enrichment significantly increased the RV from 0.18 to 0.56 in non-sq- NSCLC and 0.15 to 0.26 in SCCHN.
The present investigation was prompted by the rising C, diminishing V and decreasing affordability of anticancer drugs [9,10]. Our objective was to compare V of Nivo in various cancer using the same doses, frequency, protocols and C. Nivo, a prototype of PD-1 immune checkpoint antibody(ICPA), was chosen since it prolonged the OS in 1st-line melanoma [5], 2nd-line sq- NSCLC, CheckMate 017 [6], non-sq- NSCLC, CheckMate 057 [1] and renal cell carcinoma, CheckMate 025 [7] and SCCHN [8]. The standard ICER formula based on differences in C per differences in outcome could not be applied in our study since C of Nivo was the same in all the cited indications. Nivo4wCwas within the current estimated average range of the newly approved patent drugs of $ 10,000 - $ 12,000 in the US. The available data on comparative V issues were limited. Nonetheless, the results clearly suggested that Nivo V were fair and worth the dollars spent in 1st-line melanoma and 2nd-line renal and to a lesser extent in sq- NSCLC. Values in 2nd-line non-sq-NSCLC and SCCHN were marginal but significantly improved by PD-L1 enrichment.
HR vs. OS
At the closure of the Nivo study in 1st-line melanoma, OS was not reached and HR was therefore used [5]. Parallel use of both OS and HR was adopted whenever possible throughout our investigation. The HR-based strategy could offer a snapshot approach to measure V in the absence of mature OS data.
Table : Nivo Values in 1st and 2nd lines cancer
Nivo in 1st- and 2nd-line
OS in days (d)
& HR
4wV (4wC x HR)
C/LYG
RV ($100,000/LYG)
1st- line: Nivo vs. dacarbazine,
OS not reached
HR 0.42
2nd- line: Nivo vs. everolimus,
Renal cell
Nivo vs. docetaxel, sq-NSCLC
P = 0.00025
Nivo vs. docetaxel, non-sq-
NSCLC-CheckMate 057
Subset analysis in >10% PD-L1
P = 0.0016
Nivo vs. investigator's choice,
SCCHN
Subset analysis in >1.0 PD-L1
Overall survival generally considered the ultimate measure of clinical benefit was used throughout the present investigation; The C/LYG was measured relative to 100,000, an accepted average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) in the US. The safety of patients treated by Nivo have been well documented [1, 5 -7]. The reported Nivo gr ¾ adverse events (AEs) were in general less than 5.0% in all the cited clinical studies. Costs and values were calculated in a few minutes once the data was collected. The RV approach could facilitate clear transmission of economic issues between physicians and patients [11]. Patients as consumers would like to know in advance the C incurred to better manage their budgets. Using this simplified model, upfront costs and values could be promptly disclosed to patients.
A correction factor would be needed to adjust for the C of AEs treatment of drugs as Doc and dacarbazine. Cost treatment of AEs [12] could be costly and "toxic" [13]. In a recent phase III trial in previously treated NSCLC, all-grade treatment-related AEs were less frequent with Nivo than with docetaxel [14].
Duration of Treatment
The costs and values of Nivo were calculated for one year. In the Checkmate-057 study of non-sq- NSCLC [1], the median duration of response was >17 months. Currently the optimal duration of therapy has not been defined. Continued treatment until disease progression or intolerance has been recommended.
A simplified survival and HR- based model was presented to evaluate V of Nivo in various cancers. Values were defined as C x HR and as C per the incremental increase in OS gain over control in days. The 4wV served as an early screening measure of V. In view of Nivo well-documented safety and favorable impact on quality of life, the results were expressed relative to $ 100,000, the average acceptable C/QALY in the US. Values of Nivo in 1stline melanoma, 2nd-line renal cell and to a lesser extent sq-NSCLC were fair and worth the dollars spent. The marginal V in non-sq- NSCLC and SCCHN significantly improved by PD-L1 enrichment.
Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, et al. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(17):1627-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643
Schnipper LE, Davidson NE, Wollins DS, Courtney Tyne, Douglas WB, Diane B, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology statement: A framework to assess the value of cancer treatment options. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(23): 2563-2577. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.61.6706
Cherny NI, Sullivan R, Dafni U, Kerst JM, Sobrero A, Zielinski C, et al. A standardized, generic, validated approach to stratify the magnitude of clinical benefit that can be anticipated from anti-cancer therapies. The European Society for Medical Oncology: Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESM-MCBS). Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1547- 1573. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv249
Guirgis HM. Value of Anticancer Drugs in Castrate-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Economic Tools for the Community Oncologist. JCSO. 2015;13(10):362-366.
Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Caroline Dutriaux, Michele Maio, Laurent Mortier, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med.2015;372(4):320-330.
Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Bass P, Crinò L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, et al. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous-Cell Non-Small- Cell lung Cancer. N Eng J Med.2015;373(2):123-135. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504627
Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, Saby George, Hans JH, Sandhya Srinivas, et al. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1803-1813. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510665
Robert L, Ferris RL, Blumenschein G Jr, Fayette J, Guigay J, Colevas AD, et al. Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(19):1856-1867. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602252
Kelley RK, Venook AP. Nonadherance to Imatinib during an economic downturn. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(6):596-598. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1004656
Dusetzina SB, Winn AN, Abel GA, Huskamp HA, Keating NL. Cost sharing and adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 32(4):306-311. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.52.9123
Henrikson NB, Shankaran V. Improving price transparency in cancer care. JOP. 2016;12(1):44-47. doi: 10.1200/JOP.2015.006171
Ubel PA, Abernethy AP, Zafar SY. Perspective, Full disclosure- out of pocket costs as side effects. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 1484-1486. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1306826
Niraula S, Amir E, Vera-Badillo F, Bostjan Seruga, Alberto Ocana, Ian F. Tannock. Risk of Incremental Toxicities and Associated Costs of New Anticancer Drugs: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(32):3634-3642. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.8437
Venkatachalam M. Estimated costs of managing treatment-related adverse events (TREAs) of nivolumab in the Checkmate 017 and CheckMate 057 phase III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials, Poster 6617, ASCO Annual Meeting, 2016 Chicago IL.


In last few days I was asked about Romania quite few times. It looks like more people found out how beautiful destination it is and plan to go there which I'm really happy about. This country was the first one of the so called "dangerous" list that I visited solo yet I felt safer than in let's say England there.I arrived to Sighisoara one misty October evening after 10 hours train ride from Budapest. I couldn't say what my first impression was as the mist was so big I could only see few steps ahead and my hostel was located just 2 minutes away from the train station. I try to avoid walking alone in the evening in new places so I left exploring the city for the next morning.
When I woke up the mist was more or less the same but I didn't mind that. It gave the town an mysterious yet a little bit scary feel, so perfect for Transylvania region I was in. The town dates back to XII century and is full of important buildings and monuments such as the Clock Tower, Covered Staircase or the house where the famous Vlad Dracul was born. It is also listed on UNESCO World Heritage List as a great example of medieval yet still inhabited Citadel.
Have you ever been to Romania? Or would you like to go to Sighisoara?
Are you looking for a place to stay in Sighisoara? Look no further! Book your accommodation in Sighisoara here!
Are you planning a trip to Romania? Do you like the Balkans as much as I do? I've created a Facebook group where you can look for advise or inspiration and share your travel stories and pictures from the Balkans and beyond. Join now!
Amazingly beautiful, wow, it's like a fairy tale and it so well preserved, without being to much restored, very authentic.


Education has modified significantly in the final twenty years. The rising understanding is that globalization is being reflected in an educational agenda that enables for various, and numerous, enhancements upon the education system that permits the educators themselves to expand on their educating, and current students with real world conditions that require them to "suppose outdoors the field", or outdoors the realm of their explicit subject, if you will.
Whereas there are some wonderful educators within the discipline in the present day – and I've been fortunate enough to have been in a number of of these lecture rooms – there are additionally some who comply with the line precisely and refuse to regulate regardless of the needs of the person youngsters.
Which means dad and mom have a responsibility to be lively in their kid's education. The restricted courses are permitting students to prepare for explicit jobs as opposed to giving them a general education on a subject. One classroom trainer and twenty-5 to thirty younger minds to fill with data generally is a very tough feat to perform.
Thus the that means of Education would give rise to the Intention, as disseminating formally, non-formally, culturally, nationally, scientifically and ritually-expertise, literacy, information, norms and values as pedagogies. The second query offers with what mother and father can do to help their youngsters develop at the side of the efforts of the education system.
Attributable to its decrease prices, on-line education additionally benefits decrease-income students. Having the brand new worker display skills for a supervisor shows you two things: how good the coach was, and that the worker can do the functions of the job.… Read More..
Final night time, while attending a high school graduation, I saw one thing that must surely exemplify one of many main issues in public education. With out question, nearly all of what a younger child learns will take place at school, however there is also rather more that kids will learn, and should study, outdoors the classroom. Expertise also allows college students to cheat more simply. Some individuals really feel the government is doing so due to strain from "greater powers" to increase the educational effectively-being of scholars with out receiving any opposition to the changes.
The ratio of teachers to college students is simply too excessive and though troublesome to acknowledge, some college students merely will fall between the cracks in the system. New additionally know-how allows for a quicker, extra efficient, and extra interactive classroom experience.
A distance learning course is a web-based based course that has helped people who may already be working or those that want to remain at residence obtain a level. The one simple thing that parents ought to do to assist in the formal education of their youngster is to take an curiosity in all facets of their child's faculty actions: lecturers, additional-curricular activities and relationships.
The growing understanding is that globalization is being mirrored in an educational agenda that allows for varied, and numerous, improvements upon the education system that allows the educators themselves to increase on their instructing, and current college students with actual world conditions that require them to "think outside the field", or outside the realm of their explicit subject, if you will.
As a consequence of its lower costs, on-line education also benefits decrease-revenue students. Having the new employee show skills for a manager exhibits you two things: how good the coach was, and that the worker can do the functions of the job.
Our employees right this moment are used to watching CNN with speaking video, a crawler message alongside the underside, and the weather forecast on the side-all whereas having four online chats with their buddies. If these students are already so aggressive at school simply imagine how aggressive would they be once they move on to increased education and after that, work.… Read More..
Education has changed considerably within the final twenty years. Our employees as we speak are used to watching CNN with speaking video, a crawler message alongside the underside, and the weather forecast on the aspect-all while having four on-line chats with their associates. If these college students are already so competitive at school just imagine how aggressive would they be when they move on to higher education and after that, work.
The rising understanding is that globalization is being reflected in an educational agenda that permits for varied, and numerous, improvements upon the education system that permits the educators themselves to broaden on their instructing, and present students with real world conditions that require them to "think exterior the box", or outside the realm of their particular discipline, if you'll.
Previously two decades or so, dad and mom did not see education to be necessary for their child as they believed that their baby only needs knowledge on certain issues. Two essential considerations, yet many dad and mom fail to acknowledge the importance of being concerned in their child's education.
The ratio of lecturers to college students is simply too high and although difficult to acknowledge, some college students merely will fall between the cracks in the system. New additionally know-how allows for a faster, more environment friendly, and extra interactive classroom experience.
Let me say once more – there are lots of glorious teachers on the market who sincerely care about their college students and who're keen to change issues as much as profit the members of their classroom. To answer the first question as to why mother and father ought to be concerned in their child's education, merely take a look at the numbers.
This which means of Education would give rise to the Goal, as disseminating formally, non-formally, culturally, nationally, scientifically and ritually-abilities, literacy, knowledge, norm and values, as pedagogies of the institutions giving rise to the goal.
Thus the which means of Education would give rise to the Purpose, as disseminating formally, non-formally, culturally, nationally, scientifically and ritually-skills, literacy, information, norms and values as pedagogies. The second query deals with what mother and father can do to help their kids develop in conjunction with the efforts of the education system.… Read More..


text:
Man Utd v PSG the perfect test for both Mbappé & Solskjaer's weird defence
Benedict O'Neill
Kylian Mbappé looks set to face Manchester United as PSG's only superstar forward. Throw United's weird back line into the mix, and it's a win-win for the neutral.
Psychology is everything in football. Make a decent player feel like a superstar and he will invariably play like one; shove him into the reserves, tell him he's scum for seeing his newborn, and his abilities will quickly desert him.
For sure, some players will react to criticism better than others. But if any evidence was needed for the power of self-belief, Ole Gunnar Solskjaer and his reborn Manchester United side have recently provided it. Theirs is a team brimming with confidence fostered by positivity.
With that in mind, one can't help but feel that Phil Jones' hilarious new contract — four more years and a pay rise — was written up with one thing in mind: to make the defender feel capable of playing against Paris Saint-Germain, and specifically against Kylian Mbappé.
Frankly, it's a sublime and maverick piece of man-management. Jones may not start against the French giants, but after making the XI in seven of Solskjaer's nine Premier League matches to date, it's a real possibility.
If the Preston-born clogger must come face to gurning face with the most talented young player in the world, why not stroke his ego first?
Carnage or miracle?
In truth, Mbappé at Old Trafford could be an intriguing battle for many reasons.
For one, there's the distinct possibility that he could run riot over any combination of Jones, Chris Smalling, Victor Lindelof and Eric Bailly. Confidence can take you far, but by such a distance do Mbappé's attacking abilities exceed United's defensive ones, even a confident Jones could be torn to pieces at Old Trafford.
Lindelof has put in some good performances lately, but none of United's defensive options seems technically equipped for the task. Across two legs it could be a humiliation.
Phil Jones and Victor lindelof CB pairing 2018/19 . Compilation. pic.twitter.com/aEwADHHNz0
— KAVI (@blurt2kc) February 5, 2019
And yet the Champions League tie also presents a fascinating test for the power of sheer self-belief. Not just in terms of Solskjaer's man-management, but in the abstract, too.
If United's shonky defence can use its soaring morale to keep out the reigning French Player of the Year, it will be a huge testament to the powers of mental strength — or delusion, perhaps — in its most general sense.
Seeing Mbappé destroy Phil Jones is a mouth-watering prospect, but so is the less likely alternative: should this ragtag bunch of technically limited players keep the Frenchman at bay, we will witness 'mind over matter' at its limits.
Spotlight on Mbappé
Of course, one player who probably doesn't need his ego massaging is Mbappé himself. The forward is scoring goals at an alarming rate and already has two hat-tricks this season.
In October he scored four goals in 13 minutes against Lyon… after PSG had a man sent off.
With Neymar out of the tie and Edinson Cavani doubtful, Mbappé knows PSG are depending on him. Crucially, however, he will know he is more than good enough.
But despite having little to prove in terms of his ability, Mbappé playing in a big match without Neymar or Cavani by his side is still an intriguing prospect.
The youngster, even prior to joining PSG, has usually played in conjunction with a goalscoring partner — be that Radamel Falcao at Monaco or Antoine Griezmann for the French national team.
At United, he will be going solo. Angel Di Maria will provide expert service, but it is Mbappé, now the team's lone musketeer, on whom goalscoring responsibilities will be squarely placed.
Because of that, this feels like the 20-year-old's chance to show how PSG can thrive even without their other two superstars, who, at 27 and 31, won't be around forever.
In short, United vs PSG is a win-win for the neutral because it presents so many fascinating unknowns.
Just how badly could Kylian Mbappé hurt the likes of Phil Jones, Chris Smalling and Ashley Young? After all, this is a defence that struggled against Southampton's Stuart Armstrong and Michael Obafemi just two months ago. Solskjaer might have boosted the players' confidence, but surely not by that much. Or has he?
Furthermore, if the Frenchman does inflict maximum damage without the help of his peers, by how much will his reputation rise? And what could that mean for the future of the PSG squad? If Mbappé leads PSG to Champions League success while Neymar sits out injured, would the Brazilian's importance come ever so slightly into question?
On the other hand, what psychological marvel it would be if United's defence comes through this (relatively) unscathed. And what a kick in the teeth that would be for José Mourinho and his general disregard for happiness.
Would a clean sheet vindicate giving Phil Jones a four-year contract? Possibly not, but it would come very, very close.
By Benedict O'Neill
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"Perhaps if he hadn't come to Connecticut, hadn't picked tobacco up here, hadn't felt like a free person, hadn't felt what life was like without segregation and been elected the religious minister, he may not have become such a leader in the civil rights movement," Conard-Malley said.
Nicole Byer, a junior at Simsbury High School who narrates the documentary, noted that King was roughly the same age as the students who produced the documentary. Such early experiences can have a profound influence on young people, she said.
"I have to speak on some text every Sunday to 107 boys. We really have good meetings," he wrote.
"I have a job in the kitchen so I get better food than any of the boys and more. I get as much as I want," he wrote to his mother.
Byer says King and other students often worked in temperatures that reached 100 degrees or higher. The students, who were earning money to pay for college, made about $4 per day, Byer said. They lived in a dormitory built at the edge of the tobacco field.
King was nicknamed "Tweed" by his friends because he often wore a tweed suit to church, said Alexis Kellam, whose late father, Ennis Proctor, worked with King that summer in Connecticut.
King's friends teased him that the hot sun in the tobacco fields caused him to preach, his sister, Christine Farris, told The AP.
In her book "Through It All: Reflections on My Life, My Family, and My Faith," Ferris wrote that her brother underwent a "metamorphosis" as a result of his time in Connecticut.
"That was quite an experience," Farris said.
King's widow, Coretta Scott King, wrote in her memoir, "My Life With Martin Luther King Jr." that her husband talked of the exhilarating sense of freedom he felt in Connecticut that summer.
Clayborne Carson, a history professor and director of the Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University, said King's time in Connecticut played a role in his decision to become a minister and in influencing his views about segregation. He said shortly before King came to Connecticut that summer, a bus driver ordered him to give up his seat for a white passenger on the way to Atlanta.
Conan O'Brien a Fading Star ?