text:
\section{Introduction}

Let $f:(\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)\rightarrow (\mathbb{C},0)$ be an analytic function germ with an isolated critical point at the origin. The classical Milnor-Palamodov theorem \cite{Mil}, \cite{Pal} is a statement on the equality between an analytic invariant of the singularity, namely, the dimension of the local algebra $\mathcal{O}_{n+1}/J_f$ (where $J_f$ is the ideal generated by the partial derivatives of $f$), with a topological invariant, namely, the number of $n$-dimensional spheres in the bouquet decomposition of the Milnor fiber $X_t$ of $f$, or what is equivalent, the rank of the middle (co)homology group $H_n(X_t;\mathbb{Z})$. This common number is now well known as the Milnor number $\mu(f)$ of the singularity $f$ and is one of the most important analytic-topological invariants of the singularity.

The Milnor-Palamodov theeorem has been generalised in a number of cases and in particular for the isolated complete intersection singularities (the famous L\^e-Greuel formula \cite{Gr}, \cite{Le1}), as well as for the so called isolated boundary singularities of V. I. Arnol'd \cite{A1} (see \cite{Kou} for a proof), consisting of pairs $(f,V)$ where $f$ is an isolated singularity and $V$ is a smooth hypersurface such that the restriction $f_V$ of $f$ on $V$ also has an isolated singularity.

Here we will consider a case interpolating between the previous two, i.e. pairs $(f,V)$ where again $f$ is an isolated singularity, and $V$ is a hypersurface which also has an isolated singularity at the origin, and is such that the restriction $f_V$ of $f$ on $V$ defines an isolated complete intersection at the origin.

The analytic invariant generalising the dimension of the local algebra of the singularity in the case of pairs $(f,V)$ is the so called Bruce-Roberts number $\mu_{BR}(f,V)$ (introduced by J. W. Bruce and R. M. Roberts in \cite{BR} for arbitrary analytic sets $V$, but already studied earlier by O. V. Lyasko \cite{Ly} for the hypersurface case), which is the dimension of the local algebra $\mathcal{O}_{n+1}/J_f(V)$, where $J_f(V)$ is the ideal generated by the derivatives of $f$ along ``logarithmic'' vector fields, i.e. tangent to the smooth part of $V$. The corresponding topological invariant is the relative Milnor number $\mu(f,V)$, defined as the rank of the middle relative (co)homology group $H_n(X_t,X_t\cap V_s;\mathbb{Z})$ (where $V_s$ is the Milnor fiber of a smoothing of $V$), which is in turn equal to the sum of the ranks of $H_n(X_t;\mathbb{Z})$ and of  $H_{n-1}(X_t\cap V_s;\mathbb{Z})$, the latter being also equal to the number of $(n-1)$-dimensional spheres in the bouquet decomposition of the isolated complete intersection $f_V$ (this is a well known theorem due to H. Hamm \cite{Ha}).

The main result of the paper (Theorem \ref{MP}) is the following relative analog of the Milnor-Palamodov theorem: the Bruce-Roberts number $\mu_{BR}(f,V)$ of the pair $(f,V)$ is equal to its relative topological Milnor number $\mu(f,V)$  if and only if the hypersurface singularity $V$ is quasihomogeneous. In particular the following formula holds:
\begin{equation}
\label{for-0}
\mu_{BR}(f,V)=\mu(f,V)+q(V),
\end{equation}
where $q(V)$ is the degree of non-quasihomogeneity of the hypersurface $V$ (i.e. the difference of the Milnor and Tjurina numbers of $V$).

The ``if" part of this theorem has been obtained rather recently in \cite{Ba}, where the authors give a proof using generators of the ideal $J_f(V)$ and certain  properties of the logarithmic characteristic variety, introduced by K. Saito in \cite{Sa1} and also used extensively by Bruce and Roberts in \cite{BR}. For quasihomogeneous $V$, they obtain nice properties of this logarithmic variety (Cohen-Macaulay) and they also give a relation of the Bruce-Roberts number with the so called Euler obstruction \cite{Grj}, \cite{Se}.

In contrast to this ``microlocal'' approach of Saito's theory, we give here a more ``global'', but still elementary proof of formula (\ref{for-0}), which relies on a simple interpretation of the Bruce-Roberts number in terms of relative differential forms, the consideration of the so called torsion differentials, and an application of the well known L\^e-Greuel formula, given in its original form by G. M. Greuel \cite{Gr}.

We remark that the proof presented here, despite the fact of being elementary, it has the drawback that it is non-canonical, in the sense that it does not reveal the natural canonical relation that exists between the local algebra $\mathcal{O}_{n+1}/J_f(V)$ of the singularity with the relative cohomology $H^n(X_t,X_t\cap V_s)$ of the pair of Milnor fibers. To obtain such a canonical relation one has to introduce certain relative Brieskorn modules associated to the pair $(f,V)$ along with a relative Gauss-Manin connection naturally defined on them (as in \cite{Kou} for the case of isolated boundary singularities). Then formula (\ref{for-0}) is just a manifestation of Malgrange's index formula \cite{Mal} for this relative Gauss-Manin connection which, in the present exposition, is hidden within the L\^e-Greuel formula. Such an approach, along with several more profound relations with the relative monodromy, the spectrum and the spectral pairs coming from the eventual mixed Hodge structure in the relative cohomology, will be presented in a subsequent paper.

\section{Bruce-Roberts and Topological Milnor numbers}

Let $f:(\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)\rightarrow (\mathbb{C},0)$ be an analytic function germ with an isolated critical point at the origin and let $(V,0)\subset \mathbb{C}^{n+1}$  be a germ of a reduced analytic hypersurface, given as the zero locus $V=g^{-1}(0)$ of an analytic function germ $g:(\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)\rightarrow (\mathbb{C},0)$ which also has an isolated singularity at the origin (we do not exclude the case where $V$ might be smooth). Denote by $f_V:(V,0)\rightarrow (\mathbb{C},0)$ the restriction of $f$ on $V$ and suppose that it is a submersion along the smooth points $V^*=V\setminus \{0\}$ of $V$. Then $f_V$ also has an isolated critical point at the origin (in the stratified sense) and in particular, the intersection $f^{-1}(0)\cap V=f_V^{-1}(0)$ defines an isolated complete intersection singularity of dimension $n-1$.

Denote now by $\Theta(V)\subset \Theta$ the submodule of vector fields at the origin which are tangent to the smooth part $V^*$ of $V$ (also known as logarithmic vector fields due to K. Saito \cite{Sa1}):
\[X\in \Theta(V)\Longleftrightarrow X(g)\in <g>\Longleftrightarrow X|_{V^*}\in TV^*.\]
Denote also by
\[J_f(V):=\{L_Xf/X\in \Theta(V)\}\]
the ideal generated by the derivatives of $f$ along logarithmic vector fields. Then, the local algebra of the singularity $(f,V)$ is defined as the quotient
\[\mathcal{Q}_f(V):=\frac{\mathcal{O}_{n+1}}{J_f(V)}.\]
The dimension of this algebra, which is obviously finite dimensional, is usually called (by several authors) the Bruce-Roberts number $\mu_{BR}(f,V)$ of the singularity $(f,V)$:
\[\mu_{BR}(f,V):=\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\mathcal{Q}_f(V).\]

Obviously the Bruce-Roberts number of the pair $(f,V)$ is always bigger (or equal) to the ordinary Milnor number of $f$. In particular, the inclusion $J_f(V)\subseteq J_f$ (where $J_f$ is the ideal of partial derivatives of $f$) induces a projection of local algebras $\mathcal{Q}_f(V)\rightarrow \mathcal{Q}_f$ (where $\mathcal{Q}_f=\mathcal{O}_{n+1}/J_f$ is the local algebra of $f$ as in the introduction), whose kernel is the quotient of ideals:
\[\mathcal{Q}_{f_V}:=\frac{J_f}{J_f(V)},\]
and whose dimension we denote by
\[\mu_{BR}(f_V):=\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\mathcal{Q}_{f_V}.\]
Thus we obtain a short exact sequence of local algebras:
\begin{equation}
\label{ses-la-1}
0\rightarrow \mathcal{Q}_{f_V}\rightarrow \mathcal{Q}_f(V)\rightarrow \mathcal{Q}_f\rightarrow 0,
\end{equation}
which implies the following relation:
\begin{equation}
\label{fun-rel-2}
\mu_{BR}(f,V)=\mu(f)+\mu_{BR}(f_V).
\end{equation}

Concerning the topology of pairs $(f,V)$, denote by $X_t$ the Milnor fiber of $f$ and by $X_t\cap V_s$ the Milnor fiber of the isolated complete intersection singularity $(f,g)$. By Milnor's theorem \cite{Mil} the fiber $X_t$ has the homotopy type of a bouquet of $n$-dimensional spheres, whose number is equal to the Milnor number $\mu(f)$ of $f$. By Hamm's theorem \cite{Ha}, generalising Milnor's fibration theorem for the isolated complete intersection case, the fiber $X_t\cap V_s$ also has the homotopy type of a bouquet of $(n-1)$-dimensional spheres, whose number is equal to the Milnor number of the isolated complete intersection $(f,g)$ or, what is equivalent, of the function $f_V$. We denote this number by $\mu(f_V)$. It follows from this that the natural long exact sequence in homology obtained by the embedding $X_t\cap V_s\subset X_t$, reduces to the short exact sequence (it can be considered with integer coefficients):
\begin{equation}
\label{ses-coh-1}
0\rightarrow H_{n}(X_t)\rightarrow H_n(X_t,X_t\cap V_s)\rightarrow H_{n-1}(X_t\cap V_s)\rightarrow 0,
\end{equation}
From this we also obtain the following fundamental relation of (topological) Milnor numbers:
\begin{equation}
\label{fun-rel-1}
\mu(f,V)=\mu(f)+\mu(f_V),
\end{equation}
where we denote by $\mu(f,V)$ the rank of the middle relative homology group:
\[\mu(f,V):=\mbox{rank}_{\mathbb{Z}}H_n(X_t,X_t\cap V_s).\]

The relation of the Bruce-Roberts numbers in (\ref{fun-rel-2}) with the topological Milnor numbers in (\ref{fun-rel-1}) is explicated by the following relative analog of Milnor-Palamodov theorem:

\begin{thm}
\label{MP}
Let $(f,V)$ be an isolated singularity. Then the following identity holds:
\begin{equation}
\label{MP-id}
\mu_{BR}(f,V)=\mu(f,V)+q(V)=\mu(f)+\mu(f_V)+\mu(V)-\tau(V),
\end{equation}
where $\mu(V)$ is the Milnor number of $V$, $\tau(V)$ is its Tjurina number, and $q(V)=\mu(V)-\tau(V)$ is the degree of non-quasihomogeneity of $V$.
\end{thm}

\begin{rem}
\label{rem-3}
Formula (\ref{MP-id}) has already been obtained for the planar case $n=1$, in a different form, by C. T. C. Wall in \cite{W}.
\end{rem}

The fact that the number $q(V)$ can be be interpreted as the degree of non-quasihomogeneity of the singularity $V$ is a well known theorem of K. Saito \cite{Sa}. From this it follows:

\begin{cor}
\label{cor-1}
Let $(f,V)$ be an isolated singularity. Then
\[\mu_{BR}(f,V)=\mu(f,V)=\mu(f)+\mu(f_V)\]
if and only if the singularity $V$ is quasihomogeneous. In that case, the Bruce-Roberts number is a topological invariant of the singularity.
\end{cor}

\begin{rem}
\label{rem-4}
The ``if'' part of the above corollary has been obtained in \cite{Ba}.
\end{rem}

\section{Proof of the Theorem}

The proof of the theorem relies on an interpretation of the Bruce-Roberts numbers in terms of differential forms, the consideration of the so called torsion differentials, and the well known L\^e-Greuel formula.

To start, let $\Omega^{\bullet}(V^*)\subset \Omega^{\bullet}$ be the subcomplex of germs of holomorphic forms which vanish when restricted (by pullback) to the tangent bundle of the smooth part $V^*$ of the hypersurface $V$. We call the quotient complex
\[\widetilde{\Omega}^{\bullet}_V:=\frac{\Omega^{\bullet}}{\Omega^{\bullet}(V^*)}\]
the Ferrari complex of $V$, since it was introduced by A. Ferrari in \cite{Fe} (but also used extensively by T. Bloom, M. Herrera \cite{BH}, G. M. Greuel \cite{Gr} and others).  The reason for introducing this complex in our context becomes apparent due to the following:

\begin{lem}
\label{lem-1}
Multiplication by a volume form $\omega$ gives an isomorphism:
\[J_f(V)\stackrel{\cdot \omega}{\simeq}df\wedge \Omega^n(V^*).\]
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
It follows immediately by the identity:
\[L_Xf\cdot \omega=df\wedge (X\lrcorner \omega)\]
and the fact that $\omega$ induces an isomorphism
\[\Theta(V)\stackrel{\cdot \omega}{\simeq} \Omega^n(V^*),\]
so that $a=X\lrcorner \omega \in \Omega^n(V^*)$ if and only if $X\in \Theta(V)$. To see that the latter isomorphism is true, one may multiply $a=X\lrcorner \omega$ with $dg\wedge$:
\[dg\wedge a=dg\wedge (X\lrcorner \omega)=L_Xg\cdot \omega,\]
and notice that (by the Poincar\'e residue short exact sequence for $V^*$) there is an identification:
\[\Omega^{n}(V^*)=\{a\in \Omega^n/dg\wedge a \in g\Omega^{n+1}\}.\]
\end{proof}

From this we obtain the following interpretation of short exact sequence (\ref{ses-la-1}) in terms of differential forms:
\begin{lem}
\label{lem-2}
The short exact sequence of local algebras (\ref{ses-la-1}) is isomorphic to the short exact sequence:
\begin{equation}
\label{ses-df-1}
0\rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega}_{f_V}\stackrel{df\wedge}{\rightarrow}\Omega_f(V^*)\rightarrow \Omega_f\rightarrow 0,
\end{equation}
where:
\[\Omega_f:=\frac{\Omega^{n+1}}{df\wedge \Omega^n}, \quad \Omega_f(V^*):=\frac{\Omega^{n+1}}{df\wedge \Omega^n(V^*)},\]
\[\widetilde{\Omega}_{f_V}:=\frac{\widetilde{\Omega}^n_V}{df\wedge \widetilde{\Omega}^{n-1}_V}\simeq \frac{\Omega^n}{df\wedge \Omega^{n-1}+\Omega^n(V^*)}.\]
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Since $df\wedge \Omega^n(V^*)\subset df\wedge \Omega^n$ we obtain a short exact sequence:
\[0\rightarrow \frac{df\wedge \Omega^n}{df\wedge \Omega^n(V^*)}\rightarrow \frac{\Omega^{n+1}}{df\wedge \Omega^n(V^*)}\rightarrow \frac{\Omega^{n+1}}{df\wedge \Omega^{n}}\rightarrow 0,\]
which, by the previous Lemma \ref{lem-1}, becomes isomorphic to (\ref{ses-la-1}) after multiplication with a volume form. To obtain (\ref{ses-df-1}) it suffices to notice that
\[\frac{df\wedge \Omega^n}{df\wedge \Omega^{n}(V^*)}\simeq df\wedge \big{(}\frac{\Omega^{n}}{df\wedge \Omega^{n-1}+\Omega^n(V^*)} \big{)}\simeq df\wedge \widetilde{\Omega}_{f_V}.\]
\end{proof}

\begin{rem}
\label{rem-5}
From the lemma we obtain in particular the identity (\ref{fun-rel-2}):
\[\mu_{BR}(f,V)=\mu(f)+\mu_{BR}(f_V),\]
where:
\[\mu(f)=\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\Omega_f,\quad \mu_{BR}(f,V)=\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\Omega_f(V^*), \quad \]
\[\mu_{BR}(f_V)=\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\widetilde{\Omega}_{f_V}.\]
Moreover, the terms appearing above are the last terms of the obvious relative de Rham complexes but this is irrelevant in the present exposition.
\end{rem}

To continue with the proof we will need to consider also the well known complex of K\"ahler differentials. Denote by $\Omega^{\bullet}(V)\subset \Omega^{\bullet}$ the subcomplex of holomorphic forms which vanish identically along the points of $V$:
\[\Omega^{\bullet}(V):=dg\wedge \Omega^{\bullet-1}+g\Omega^{\bullet}.\]
The quotient complex:
\[\Omega^{\bullet}_V:=\frac{\Omega^{\bullet}}{\Omega^{\bullet}(V)}\]
is usually called the Grauert-Grothendieck (or K\"ahler) complex of $V$. Since $\Omega^{\bullet}(V)\subseteq \Omega^{\bullet}(V^*)$ (obvious) we have a natural projection $\Omega^{\bullet}_V\rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega}^{\bullet}_V$ and in particular a short exact sequence of complexes:
\begin{equation}
\label{ses-tor}
0\rightarrow T^{\bullet}_V\rightarrow \Omega^{\bullet}_V\rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega}^{\bullet}_V\rightarrow 0,
\end{equation}
where the kernel complex:
\[T^{\bullet}_V=\frac{\Omega^{\bullet}(V^*)}{\Omega^{\bullet}(V)}\]
can be identified with the torsion subcomplex $\mbox{Tor}\Omega^{\bullet}_V$ of $\Omega^{\bullet}_V$ (here is where we need $V$ to be reduced). Indeed, the complexes $\Omega^{\bullet}_V$ and $\widetilde{\Omega}^{\bullet}_V$ are equal on the smooth part $V^*$ of $V$ and in particular, any torsion element vanishes on the smooth part of $V$, so $\mbox{Tor}\Omega^{\bullet}_V\subseteq T^{\bullet}_V$. On the other hand, any element in the kernel complex is obviously torsion and thus $T^{\bullet}_V\subseteq \mbox{Tor}\Omega^{\bullet}_V$, from which we obtain the identifications:
\[T^{\bullet}_V\simeq \mbox{Tor}\Omega^{\bullet}_V, \quad \widetilde{\Omega}^{\bullet}_V\simeq \frac{\Omega^{\bullet}_V}{\mbox{Tor}\Omega^{\bullet}_V}.\]
The following lemma concerning the dimension of the space of these torsion differentials will be very useful in what follows:

\begin{lem}[G. M. Greuel \cite{Gr}]
\label{thm-coh-V}
\noindent

\begin{itemize}
\item[(i)] $T^p_V=0$ for $p<n$ and
\item[(ii)] $\dim_{\mathbb{C}}T^n_V=\tau(V)$, where $\tau(V)$ is the Tjurina number of $V$.
\end{itemize}
\end{lem}

\begin{rem}
Torsion differentials are sometimes interpreted in terms of local cohomology (c.f. \cite{Gr}, \cite{Loo})
\end{rem}

Now, following Greuel \cite{Gr} we can define, using the K\"ahler complex of $V$ one more module of relative forms for the complete intersection $f_V$:
\[\Omega_{f_V}:=\frac{\Omega^n_V}{df\wedge \Omega^{n-1}_V}\simeq \frac{\Omega^{n}}{df\wedge \Omega^{n-1}+\Omega^n(V)}=\]
\[=\frac{\Omega^{n}}{df\wedge \Omega^{n-1}+dg\wedge \Omega^{n-1}+g\Omega^n}.\]
Denote its dimension by
\[\mu_G(f_V):=\dim_{\mathbb{C}}\Omega_{f_V}.\]
The following theorem is the famous Greuel formula in its original form (also proved by L\^e D. Tr\'ang in a different form \cite{Le1}) relating the Milnor number $\mu(f_V)$ of the isolated complete intersection $f_V$ with the analytic invariant $\mu_G(f_V)$:

\begin{lem}[G. M. Greuel \cite{Gr}]
\label{gr-le}
For the isolated complete intersection $f_V$ the following formula holds:
\begin{equation}
\label{gr-le-for}
\mu_G(f_V)=\mu(f_V)+\mu(V).
\end{equation}
\end{lem}

Finally, we will need the following lemma which relates the Bruce-Roberts number $\mu_{BR}(f_V)$ with Greuel's invariant $\mu_G(f_V)$ defined above:

\begin{lem}
\label{lem-3}
For the isolated complete intersection $f_V$ the following formula holds:
\begin{equation}
\label{br-n}
\mu_G(f_V)=\mu_{BR}(f_V)+\tau(V).
\end{equation}
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
The natural projection $\Omega^n_V\rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega}^n_V$ gives another natural projection of relative forms $\Omega_{f_V}\rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega}_{f_V}$ whose kernel is again isomorphic to $T^n_V$; indeed, by Lemma \ref{thm-coh-V}-(i), $T^{n-1}_V=0$, which implies that $\Omega^{n-1}_V\simeq \widetilde{\Omega}^{n-1}_V$ and also $df\wedge \Omega^{n-1}_V\simeq df\wedge \widetilde{\Omega}^{n-1}_V$.  From this we obtain a short exact sequence:
\[0\rightarrow T^n_V\rightarrow \Omega_{f_V}\rightarrow \widetilde{\Omega}_{f_V}\rightarrow 0,\]
and the result follows from Lemma \ref{thm-coh-V}-(ii), according to which $\dim_{\mathbb{C}}T^n_V=\tau(V)$.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{MP}]
Combining formulas (\ref{br-n}) and (\ref{gr-le-for}) we obtain:
\[\mu_{BR}(f_V)=\mu(f_V)+\mu(V)-\tau(V).\]
Substituting this formula to the fundamental relation (\ref{fun-rel-2}) we obtained the desired formula (\ref{MP-id}).
\end{proof}

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This research has been supported by the Research Foundation of S\~ao Paulo (FAPESP), grand No: 2017/23555-19.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I am very grateful to the Sun Journal for printing my frequent letters. But a recent article saddened me because it showed how newspapers feel they need to grab the attention of readers in order to interest them in complicated subjects.
"U.S. House GOP leader assails Maine for using ranked-choice voting" (story, April 2) was the headline over a picture of Republican Rep. Kevin McCarthy.
Republicans all across the country are assailing RCV, so why is that news? Far down in the article it was revealed that he said it on Fox News.
The otherwise excellent article went on to describe various bills proposed in the Maine Legislature that would extend RCV so that it can be used in all state elections. That is real news. And in two of the last five paragraphs in a 25-paragraph article it states that RCV is not a partisan system. RCV does not help one party more than another. That is real news. It should be a well-known fact, but Republicans refuse to acknowledge it.
My suggestion: change it back. RCV is the modern answer to the non-majority winner problem.


text:
BitPico Provides Explanation For Bitcoin Cash (BCH) Attack in Interview
Prominent Bitcoin Developers and Miners BitPico recently had an E-mail interview with Alyssa Hertig of Coindesk in which they explained their motives behind the public threat to Bitcoin Cash. Even though the interview has not been published yet, BitPico provided the raw interview for the public in an attempt to be more transparent.
https://twitter.com/bitPico/status/1011109930739347456
Alyssa starts off the interview by asking the motives behind attacking Bitcoin Cash. To which BitPico said that it is a stress test to validate the integrity of the Bitcoin Cash network on behalf of its investors. The primary rule of all decentralized computer networks is it should be robust enough to withstand attack. BitPico thinks that Bitcoin Cash has not been through enough tests to provide its investors a certain degree of confidence.
While on the other hand, Bitcoin has been attacked for good and for bad but its integrity remains intact which provides investor confidence. To illustrate this point, they provide an example of Skype.
"Skype is the perfect example of a decentralized computer network that was reverse engineered, attacked and subsequently 3 individuals collapsed all 100,000 backup supernodes leading to a full centralization of the protocol to Microsoft's datacenter."
When asked about the technical details of the attack that they plan to execute, BitPico said that he will be carrying out everything from low-level TCP/IP stack attacks to high-level bitcoin cash protocol attacks. He hopes to a couple of things through this offensive. To start off with, the weakest nodes running on VPS's will crash or run out of bandwidth and become non-responsive. Additionally, All other nodes will begin to stall out from multiple back-to-back pre-mined 32 Megabyte blocks.
BitPico points out the vulnerability of the Bitcoin Cash blockchain by saying:
"Our LevelDB stress testing shows that the Bitcoin Cash UTXO database on a complex 32 Megabyte block can require up to 200 Gigabytes of RAM to fully process and if this RAM is not available the UTXO database will become corrupt and if LevelDB doesn't release the memory the OS will become unresponsive."
Finally, when Alyssa asked about what gives BitPico the confidence about forking the blockchain, they were quick to point out their robust studies which concluded that LevelDB cannot sustain our complex blocks and Bitcoin Cash is 85% centralized to only a few data-centers and miners. If the centralized part of the blockchain would be lesser than 30%, their efforts would fail.
If BitPico is successful in the attempt to hack the blockchain is yet to be seen, but testing the security of the technology is vital for the entire ecosystem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Last Edited: 26 Aug 2019 4:29 pm
Building upon the concept of Badass Ranks, which were first introduced during Borderlands 2, Gearbox has doubled down and created a brand new post-cap progression system known as Guardian Ranks.
The all new infinite progression system is not only used to improve your stats, but also to obtain new skills, and different skins. Gearbox has also made it clear that every character that you manage to play on your account will receive the full benefit of the Guardian Rank.
While Guardian Ranks are not locked behind the level cap of 50, players will need to have completed the story mode in order to unlock the new infinite progression system.
More information on Guardian Ranks will be available closer to launch.


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text:
Miserly Harvard Professor Harasses Chinese Restaurant Over $4
Taylor Berman
Filed to: assholes
If a restaurant overcharges you by $4, there are two reasonable options: You could 1) not worry about it—it's only four dollars, after all, or 2) politely ask for your money back. If you're a huge asshole, there's a third option: You could write five emails—totaling hundreds of words—over three days demanding a refund of $12, a price increase you calculated using your dick-ish understanding of obscure Massachusetts law.
When Ben Edelman, an associate professor at Harvard Business School, realized the Sichuan Garden in Brookline had inadvertently overcharged him by $4, he went with option number three.
Edelman's emails, and the responses from Sichuan Garden's Ran Duan, are below, via Boston.com:
Duan told Boston.com he responds to every complaint about his restaurant, which his parents founded in the early 1990s. "I have worked so hard to make my family proud and to elevate our business," he said. "[Edelman's emails] just broke my heart."
For his part, Edelman told Boston.com this isn't something he regularly does. "I mostly look for malfeasance by larger companies," he said. "It certainly seems like a situation that could call for legal redress. But this is a small business in the town where I reside."
Edelman plans on giving town officials in Brookline a "few more days" before making a decision about legal action over the four dollars owed to him by a small, family owned restaurant.
[Image of Edelman via Harvard Business School]


Today was orientation for my summer position for Inclusive Student Excellence of Diversity and Multicultural Affairs at UNC. It was a typical, eventful day so today's post will be short.
After training and a free meal, I went out for drinks with one of my new co-workers. While talking, I ended up going into detail about faith, representation, and ideas for projects we would like to take part in.
Towards the end, we start speaking about writing, blogging, and videos. I talked to him about my ideas for future content and that I want to build a team. He's willing to help me build and develop content for the blog and the YouTube page (Coming Soon). Say hello to one of the first few content creators on Magnificent Minds, Garrett Locklear!


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Social media has become the new cyber battleground. Not only is this landscape growing rapidly, but it also represents one of the most dynamic, unstructured and unregulated datasets anywhere in the digital world. In the wake of the social media revolution, cybercriminals exploit businesses and their customers at a massive scale.
A staggering 40% of organizations have fallen victim to spear-phishing on social media, which have ultimately penetrated their defenses. Network compromise via social media outpaces all other web-based attacks, beating email by a factor of 10. Customer and brand fraud on social are being launched 75% faster than can be remediated, and CXO accounts are among the most targeted.
ZeroFOX has provided the following best practices that enterprises should implement to better (or in many cases begin to) secure social media.
Enterprises often place a heavy emphasis on SaaS solutions and high-tech tools to help secure the organization, but forget the simple practice of raising awareness and educating employees about cybersecurity. Social media has evolved to become a fabric that connects society and a pervasive business communication tool in the digital age. There is a level of trust between users and the platform that fosters a presumption that all information shared via social platforms is safe. With employees on the front lines of the latest cyber threats, it's important to spotlight the risks lurking at their fingertips with every tweet, snap, post and click.
Informing employees of best practices can help move the needle not only for the overall security of the business, but overall security knowledge at the business level. Awareness through seminars, workshops, and other programs help educate how attackers use social media to target a brand via individual employees.
While using the same password across multiple social media accounts is easy, it is a huge threat to employees and the company's security. Once a hacker decodes a "favorite" password, they can easily use it to gain access to other platforms and accounts. Encouraging employees to diversify passwords across their social platforms makes it infinitely more difficult for a hacker to breach accounts. This is also true for company branded accounts.
Make sure employees and all corporate accounts utilize two-factor authentication, which requires a password, username and something unique that only the user will recognize or know. Many of the larger social networks provide two-factor authentication, commonly in the form of a code sent to their smartphone or email each time a new device or browser attempts to login to the account.
This ensures that an employee's identity is legitimate to permit access to the desired account. Having this as a second layer of protection makes attackers' lives harder and reduces the vulnerability of attack.
Stress the practices of carefully reviewing URL links before clicking to make sure the company and site name are spelled correctly. Cybercriminals will often blast out links that are very similar to a real address adding, subtracting or rewording parts to differentiate them. This is further obfuscated by social networks URL shortening platforms. While these appear safe when quickly scrolling, if you stop and really look, it's difficult to determine if the link is safe.
Another common hacking tactic is prompting a user to download an application via social media links outside of curated stores, such as the Apple App Store or Google Play, in order to view information. This is never a good idea and employees need to be aware of the dangers of downloading third-party applications on work devices, especially from unfamiliar sources, which can render the company vulnerable.
The general rule of thumb in today's threatening digital landscape is that if a link or website looks suspicious, don't click.
This is one of the most important, but often overlooked, practices among organizations. Preventing malware from breaching a corporate system is extremely important and the solution can be as simple as installing an antivirus software.
With the numerous phishing scams and malware-embedded links floating around social media, having an extra layer of protection is crucial. No matter how careful a user is, there's always the risk of accidentally engaging with a malicious link – and just one unfortunate click can lead to months of recovery time.
Once antivirus software has been installed, it's important to remind employees to update it frequently to protect against new, evolving threats.
Many hackers gain access to company information by creating fraudulent accounts and connecting with "colleagues." Employees may accept this request without vetting legitimacy and can ultimately fall victim.
Companies should encourage employees to thoroughly vet a friend request before hitting "accept". They should check to see if other colleagues are also connected to the account. If the account seems suspicious or you don't know the individual, ignore or report the user, and refrain from clicking on any links they may have sent.
A common hacking technique is to cast a net that encompasses followers, connections, and mentions. For example, a hacker might post a non-descript image with many people tagged or mentioned. Before clicking, employees must remember to validate the authenticity of the individual who tagged or mentioned them, ensuring that it is a trusted friend or colleague.
Similarly, hackers tend to create accounts impersonating celebrities, politicians, athletes or large companies. The larger social networks have added "verified accounts" indicated with a checkmark to note their legitimacy. However, many companies have yet to pursue this validation.
If an employee receives a request, it's important that they do their homework and search for the individual's name or company online. If they find a verified account that doesn't match the request, it's most likely an impersonator. If this occurs, the employee should flag the account to their internal IT department so that other colleagues can become aware of the situation and avoid any interaction.


This model washbasin is designed in oval shape by Kaila Sanitaryware and it can be fixed as wall mount washbasin. This washbasin is from the corner washbasin category and it can be fixed in corner of the walls. The colour of the washbasin is White and it is designed with the overflow hole in the centre of the washbasin. The size of the washbasin is 30.5 x 31 x 18cm.


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Set sail on a remarkable journey to Alaska's Inside Passage and British Columbia, and experience the extraordinary biodiversity and cultural riches of the Haida Gwaii archipelago. Encounter ancient totem poles, and kayak or cruise in motorized landing crafts along wild shores shrouded with old-growth forest. Continue to the dramatic fjords and inland waterways of southeastern Alaska, on the lookout for orcas, humpback whales and Steller sea lions. Then listen for the thunder of calving glaciers while exploring the stunning wilderness of Glacier Bay National Park.
Explore the Haida Gwaii islands, known as the Canadian Galápagos, for endemic plants, land mammals and birds.
Peer up at the ancient totem poles of SGang Gwaay (Ninstints), a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Voyage into Tracy or Endicott Arm, both spectacular fjords with waterfalls cascading from glacially carved walls.
Spot incredible marine life, including orcas and humpback whales, from the prow of the National Geographic Sea Lion or Sea Bird
Learn from National Geographic photographers aboard a photo expedition on all 2016 departures.
Itinerary - 15 Days
Days 1 & 2 — Seattle, Washington and Gulf Islands, British Columbia
Arrive in Seattle in the afternoon and embark our ship. The next day, search for orcas and cruise around forested islands.(B,L,D)
Days 3, 4 & 5 — Alert Bay and Johnstone Strait, Canada/British Columbia's Inside Passage
In the village of Alert Bay, visit the U'Mista Cultural Centre to watch a traditional performance by the Kwakwaka'wakw people and learn about their culture. Then head north along the unspoiled coastline, looking for whales, dolphins, bears and other wildlife. We'll stop to explore the many bays and inlets by kayak and on foot. (B,L,D)
Days 6, 7 & 8 — Haida Gwaii
Discover the wildlife and cultural sites of the Haida Gwaii archipelago, including the magnificent Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site. Join a traditional dance performance and feast, gaze up at the totem poles of SGang Gwaay, and experience the islands' rich biodiversity while exploring by kayak and motorized landing craft. (B,L,D)
Days 9, 10 & 11 — Alaska's Inside Passage
Spend three days encountering spectacular scenery and wildlife along Alaska's coast. Visit the charming fishing village of Petersburg; cruise and kayak past the glacially carved cliffs of Tracy or Endicott Arm spotting orca, humpback whales and Steller sea lions; and go ashore for walks through the forest. (B,L,D)
Days 12, 13 & 14 — Glacier Bay National Park/Inian Islands/Chichagof Island
By special park permit, spend the day among the enormous glaciers and expansive wilderness of Glacier Bay National Park. A native Tlingit interpreter joins us to share the lore and legend of the area. Then spend two days kayaking and hiking among incredible wildlife around the Inian Islands and Chichagof Island. Enjoy a farewell dinner. (B,L,D)
Day 15 — Sitka/Seattle, Washington
In Sitka, visit Saint Michael's Russian Orthodox Cathedral, and at the Alaska Raptor Center, see rehabilitated eagles up close. Transfer to the airport for the flight to Seattle. (B,L,D)
Pricing starts at $11,000 per person, double occupancy. For a single cabin, add $5,450 in Category 1 and $6,230 in Category 2. Airfare to/from Sitka is not included in the expedition cost.
Accommodations (hotels, tents and cruise cabins) are based on double occupancy. If you prefer single accommodations, and if such are available, you can pay a single supplement fee. If you are traveling alone and wish to share accommodations, we can assign a roommate of the same gender. If there is no one with whom you can share, a single supplement fee will apply.
See special terms and conditions that apply to this adventure.
Journey to Alaska, BC and Haida Gwaii
Starting at $11,000 Per Person


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Poll on Abortion
Open Letter to PM
Mothers would get bereavement leave for miscarriages under new bill
NewsHub 9 August 2018
Women who have a miscarriage at any stage in their pregnancy would be entitled to bereavement leave under a new Member's Bill drawn from the ballot.
Labour MP Ginny Andersen's bill would make it explicit that the "unplanned death of a foetus" is grounds for up to three days of bereavement leave.
"One pregnancy out of four can end in miscarriage, so it affects a lot of women and their partners," Ms Andersen said.
"It's important that women and their families have time to grieve and deal with not only the physical but the emotional strain of going through miscarriage."
The legislation won't include abortion because that would compromise the bill's chance of passing.
When asked whether people may need bereavement leave for an abortion, Ms Arderson said, "I think it would be [grounds], but I would like this Member's Bill to pass, and I think it's important you keep Member's Bills simple and likely to receive support across the House."
READ MORE: https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2018/08/mothers-would-get-bereavement-leave-for-miscarriages-under-new-bill.html
Couples who suffer a miscarriage could get paid leave
Couples who suffer a miscarriage could soon be eligible for up to three days' leave under Labour MP Ginny Andersen's proposed law change.
She'd like the leave extended to women after they've had abortions as well, but admits that would be too controversial and would compromise the Bill's chance of passing.
Family First NZ has welcomed the Bill and says it should cover post-abortion bereavement leave.
"Abortion grief is also the 'elephant in the room' and these women shouldn't be dismissed because of a few that say it was the right decision for them to abort," spokesperson Marina Young says.
"A person begins to heal the moment they feel heard."
READ MORE: https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2018/08/miscarriage-bill-could-apply-to-women-who-have-abortions.html
Miscarriage Bereavement Leave Should Include Post-Abortion
How difficult is sex selection for pregnant women in New Zealand?
Abortion will "bring about devastation that you had no idea could exist"
ByAdmin	 August 26, 2013
LifeSiteNews 21 August 2013 In her early twenties and just out of college Jill Marquis thought marriage seemed like the thing to do. But after a couple of years, she found herself feeling dejected. After beginning an affair, she soon discovered she was pregnant. "I wanted to get a divorce," she says, "And in my…
Read More Abortion will "bring about devastation that you had no idea could exist"Continue
Pro-choice people who have become pro-life
LifeSiteNews 12 August 2013 Let's be honest. To truly be successful advocates for life, we can't just spend our time "preaching to the choir." We must step outside our comfort zone to reach those who are on the other side. This is no easy task when you're faced with individuals who hurl obscenities, act combative…
Read More Pro-choice people who have become pro-lifeContinue
Abortion and fatherhood — a man's take
Fox News 13 June 2013 A dear friend of mine recently confessed to me that he was the father of one living daughter and four deceased children. The four were aborted, three with his consent and one without. My friend said the pain of those deaths is something he copes with on a daily basis. …
Read More Abortion and fatherhood — a man's takeContinue
Abortion and subsequent mental health: Review of the literature
Online Library 16 July 2013 Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences July 2013 The risk that abortion may be correlated with subsequent mental disorders needs a careful assessment, in order to offer women full information when facing a difficult pregnancy. All research papers published between 1995 and 2011, were examined, to retrieve those assessing any correlation between…
Read More Abortion and subsequent mental health: Review of the literatureContinue
News | Research
Research brief: parental notification for abortion
MetcatorNet 31 July 2013 THE NEWS: Illinois Supreme Court Backs Parental Notification for Abortions. The Illinois Supreme Court recently upheld a ruling that requires doctors to notify parents of girls younger than 17 years old if those girls seek abortions. "Under the law," reports the Chicago Tribune, "a parent or a guardian would have to…
Read More Research brief: parental notification for abortionContinue
Doctor suspended over abortion drug prescription
NZ Herald 25 July 2013 A doctor has been suspended for six months for illegally prescribing abortion medication and ordered to pay nearly $29,000 in legal costs. The woman, who has interim name suppression, was found guilty of professional misconduct by the Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal, which released its decision today. A suppression order prevents…
Read More Doctor suspended over abortion drug prescriptionContinue
Abortion Procedures
Abortion Regrets
© 2022 Choose Life


Klárafalva is a village in Csongrád county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.
It covers an area of 9.1 km2 (4 sq mi) and has a population of 462 people (2015).
This Csongrád county location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Q: WebdriverIO throw error after NPM version update I just update all the package and NPM versions in a webdriverIO project but now its not working throwing following error
ERROR @wdio/local-runner: Failed launching test session: Error: Couldn't initialise "@wdio/allure-reporter".
[0-0] Error: Cannot find module 'csv-stringify/sync'
I tried all the possible combinations, like removing the allure report downgrading the version, etc but no success.
here is my packagesJson
    "homepage": "https://github.com/",
      "dependencies": {
      "@wdio/cli": "^7.16.10",
    "allure-commandline": "^2.13.8",
    "csv": "^6.0.4",
    "csv-stringify": "^6.0.4",
    "prettier": "^2.5.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.16.4",
    "@babel/register": "^7.16.0",
    "@wdio/allure-reporter": "^7.16.10",
    "@wdio/dot-reporter": "^7.16.6",
    "@wdio/junit-reporter": "^7.16.6",
    "@wdio/local-runner": "^7.16.10",
    "@wdio/mocha-framework": "^7.16.6",
    "@wdio/spec-reporter": "^7.16.9",
    "chai": "^4.3.4",
    "chromedriver": "^96.0.0",
    "wdio-chromedriver-service": "^7.2.2"
  }
}

npm -v
8.1.4

A: I solve this by updating the node version and building the project from scratch

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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/ Hospital for Special Care Hosts Juried Art Show Call for Submissions
Hospital for Special Care Hosts Juried Art Show Call for Submissions
The Joy of Art! Program at Hospital for Special Care is hosting its Juried Art Competition & Exhibition with an opening reception on Thursday, April 23, 2020 from 5:30 to 7:30 pm.
Those interested may submit up to two original pieces for the exhibition, which will run until Thursday, June 25, 2020. Submissions will be taken on Friday, April 17 from 9:00 am – 1:00 pm and Monday, April 20 from 1:00 – 6:00 pm at the Hospital for Special Care Aquatic Center Entrance at 2150 Corbin Ave. All works must be hand-delivered with the proper completed forms which can be found at https://hfsc.org/community/joy-of-art/.
There is an entry fee of $30 for one submission and $45 for two, which can be paid by cash or check. The size for the piece is limited to 42 inches, including frame, in any direction. All works must be wired for hanging.
The Joy of Art! program offers multiple in-house art exhibitions affording patients, family members, visitors, staff, and members of the community the opportunity to enjoy beautiful artwork gracing the walls of the hospital, and fundraising through commission proceeds of sold exhibition artwork.
Multiple prizes will be awarded, as well as Honorable Mentions awarded at the discretion of the Juror, Paul Baylock. Paul Baylock currently lives and grew up in New Britain, Connecticut. He was the second oldest child of a second generation Lithuanian/Irish family of ten. His dad worked at New Britain Machine Co. and would bring home old blueprints that Baylock would draw dinosaurs and war scenes on. Baylock attended Catholic schools from grade one to twelve and subsequently graduated from Hartford Art School with Bachelor's degree and Masters in Art Education. Baylock taught art in New Britain public schools at the middle and high school level for 38 years, retiring in 2012. While he taught full time, he spent nights and weekends involved in artmaking. He trained with many CCSU faculty like Rachel Siporin, Dr. Michael Cipriano, Molly Bornstein, and Jenny Knauss. He once had a studio next to Zbigniew Grzyb, an artist who he admired and was influential on his work. Upon retiring, Baylock has been very involved with the Art League of New Britain for the past seven years, serving as president for the last four years. He paints and shows his art in many area galleries, including a solo exhibition in NEWNOW gallery at NBMAA.
Hospital for Special Care believes that art is an important factor in healing. By providing an opportunity for expression and communication of one's emotions as well as improving state of mind with a calming and creative environment, art enhances quality of life. Through the Joy of Art's Creative Expressions art therapy group we afford patients the opportunity to expand their creativity. The Joy of Art! program also displays a diverse selection of art for patients, visitors and staff enjoyment. The program strengthens our bond with the community by fostering relationships with talented artists.
Contact Hollie Randall at 860-827-4758 or Olivia Reed at 860-827-4774 with any questions.
About Hospital for Special Care
Hospital for Special Care (HFSC) is the fourth largest, free-standing long-term acute care hospital in the U.S. and one of only two in the nation serving adults and children. HSC is recognized for advanced care and rehabilitation in pulmonary care, acquired brain injury, medically-complex pediatrics, neuromuscular disorders including ALS research, spinal cord injury, comprehensive heart failure and comprehensive inpatient and outpatient treatment for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Located in New Britain and Hartford, CT, HFSC operates inpatient and outpatient facilities serving Southern New England and the Tri-State area on a not-for-profit basis. For the latest news and information, please visit www.hfsc.org , and follow us on Facebook @HospitalforSpecialCare and Twitter @HospSpecialCare.


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Food, Drink and Nutraceuticals
Fast-Moving Consumer Goods
Speciality Chemicals and Materials
Flexible Hybrid Electronics
Formulation and Materials
Innovation Integrator®
Our National Centres
Future Inspired
Catapult centres deliver cutting fluids for Aerospace
The Centre for Process Innovation (CPI) is to be part of a UK based collaboration to develop groundbreaking metal cutting fluids for the aerospace and nuclear industries.
The three year Innovate UK project 'HiPAdd' sees industry working alongside four of the High Value Manufacturing Catapult's centres, and aims to address the problems experienced by heat generation at the cutting zone in the manufacturing of metals for the aerospace and nuclear industries. The consortium will draw upon specialist scientific formulation capability to produce novel additives for metal cutting fluids that can reduce heat transfer by extracting heat from the cutting face through contact/lubrication between the piece and cutting tool.
The industry consortium is led by Afton Chemicals Ltd in collaboration with CPI, The Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), The Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (NAMRC) and Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), as well as advisory roles from Rolls Royce and BAE Systems. The project started in April 2014 and has already seen promising results through the addition of extreme pressure and nanoscale additives developed during the programme. The addition of two-dimensional materials such as hexagonal h‑boron nitride shows significant improvements in heat removal as well as being inherently lubricating at laboratory scale.
The machining of materials such as titanium alloys used in aerospace components is typically limited by the amount of heat generated at the cutting zone. Heat is removed by the use of a cutting fluid which acts both as a coolant and lubricant. A cutting fluid is a complex formulated fluid consisting of many additive components, each providing a specific function such as anti-corrosion and lubrication properties amongst others. The consortium will utilise specialist nanoscale liquid dispersion technologies to formulate and develop a higher performing additive that not only significantly increases the speed of metal cutting, but will also bring substantial cost and energy savings.
"The collaboration brings together the whole innovation value chain, drawing the benefits from world class research, technology innovation and market drive from industry." said Steve Devine, Principal Scientist at CPI National Formulation Centre. "We are very happy with the progress of the project so far. Going forward the key challenge is to scale up the additives from laboratory and test bed scale and to demonstrate them at a volume that allows for the market adoption. The technology developed will not only significantly improve the manufacturing of aerospace metals within the UK but will also be able to benefit a host of other UK high value manufacturing sectors."
Steve Griffiths, Senior MTS Specialist at Afton Chemical said "Working with the Catapult and industry partners has given Afton Chemical insight into the real world performance of our additives early on in the development programme. This has enabled us to refine the performance of our additives to deliver added value for our customers and meet the needs of OEMs."
Let's innovate together
To find out more about how we can work together, please enter your details below.
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This Best Ever Rocky Road Fudge lives up to its name! It is loaded with chocolate, marshmallows and toasted almonds. The toasted almonds bring such a rich nut flavor to the fudge. It is the perfect and brilliant combination of flavors and textures.
Fudge is a weakness of mine. After YEARS of trying and testing several recipes for a fudge base, I created my absolute favorite, tried and true base chocolate fudge recipe. I actually haven't posted the bare base yet on the blog (though I will soon) but I have posted SEVERAL adaptions of it where I swap out the flavors of chips and ingredients to bring to life completely different recipes. Upon trying to search for my base recipe, I realized what an oversight it was that I didn't have just the base recipe posted on here, so be on the look out for that this week. HOWEVER, today I am sharing and adaption of that recipe that is probably my favorite fudge recipe to date. The Best Ever Rocky Road Fudge.
So many things take this fudge and knock it out of the park, but my favorite probably has to be the toasted almonds.
It is actually SO EASY! All you have to do is roughly chop whole almonds and spread them onto the cookie sheet. Bake at 400 degrees F for 8 to 10 minutes until slightly brown.
Aside from the how, you should know the WHY for toasting your almonds.
Toasting your nuts enhances their flavor and provides a depth and richness you can't get by simply eating them raw. It also improves their texture. Overall, toasting your nuts will improve any recipe that calls for them. Try it. You won't regret it.
This is extremely true for this recipe. The toasted almonds really take this recipe from great to extraordinary.
The base fudge recipe is so creamy and smooth and balances out the crunchy texture of the nuts. Marshmallows add a texture all of their own and help to compliment the other ingredients.
If you make one fudge recipe this upcoming Valentine's day, or are simply just craving an easy delicious treat, make this fudge. Seriously. Do it. It is now a new staple at my house and we all can't get enough of it!
Roughly chop whole almonds and spread them onto the cookie sheet.
Bake at 400 degrees F for 8 to 10 minutes until slightly brown.
Line a 9x13 pan with foil, or an 8x 8 for taller fudge. Make sure to leave over-hanging edges with foil. Set aside.
In a large sauce pan, over medium heat, melt butter, sugar, brown sugar and evaporated milk together, stirring constantly and bringing it to a full rolling boil. Reduce heat to low and continue to boil and stir constantly for 4 minutes.
Add marshmallow cream and vanilla until smooth.
Immediately pour chocolate fudge into prepared pan.
Let set before cutting up.
Thank you very much for detailed description and perfect combination of flavours, too !
Oh my gosh just looking at the pictures makes my mouth water! I haven't had rocky road in way too long, I had forgotten it was a thing! I'm going to have to give this a go. Definitely agree with you on toasting nuts. Especially true with pistachios - 1000% times better roasted than raw.


A colonial house is typically rectangular with the front door right in the middle of the front wall opening onto an entry way that has a staircase that bisects the house down the middle.
Colonial Style Homes for Sale!
Spanish style homes are usually single story with smooth stucco or adobe facades, a courtyard, heavy wooden doors, and tiled roofs. Some adobe homes also incorporate exposed wood beams (vigas).
Spanish Style Homes for Sale!


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Poland's oldest yew tree
He survived the Piast, Jagiellonian and Vasa dynasties, the anointment of kings, the partitions of Poland as well as the Second World War …and he still lives on.
How long has he been around? He first felt the rays of sunlight 1,300 years ago, when Charles Martel marched to Poitiers with his army to decide the fate of Europe.
The yew, which germinated from seeds planted in what is now Silesia, has managed to survive all sorts of historical and atmospheric storms. It stands in Silesia's Henryków and is the oldest tree in Poland – and perhaps even the oldest living organism in our country.
A yew's trunk archive
It is 1,300 years old. The growth rings within its trunk contain invaluable information: on whether the summer during the year of the Battle of Zehden was a cool one, therefore limiting its growth; on whether the start of the Jagiellonian era saw a locust epidemic which robbed all plants of their leaves; on whether the 17th century was a mini "ice age" and on how the climate has changed over the last 1,300 years.
Within our flora, the Taxus baccata yew is linked to traces of the oceanic climate that has made its way to Poland. Poland marks the eastern border of the yew's reach: conditions further East, where the climate is more continental, are less favourable to the specimen. The ideal conditions for the yew are warm –but not overly hot – summers, a mild winter and regular rainfall that guarantees high humidity.
Yews are dioecious trees, meaning that they have distinct male and female individual organisms or colonies. With this in mind, the pair of Racziborz yews growing in Harbutowice within the Małopolska province is probably the oldest couple in Poland – and not only among their tree type. For 700 years the male and female yew have stood side by side, the surrounding area dotted with their offspring.
Most yews take on the form of a big shrub or a small tree up to 20 meters high. Their needles are dark green and bent like sabers. Its fruit is a small seed hidden in a meaty, blood-red parchment. Yews disperse their seeds through zoochory: their parchments are often eaten by various types of animals alongside the remains left behind by seeds. Nuthatches, in particular, like the taste of their seeds. They store them for the winter. In Autumn, if we take a closer look at the cracked bark of various trees, the chances are pretty high that we will find small yew seeds within the gaps. This is a sign that there are yews near-by and that we have discovered the nuthatch's pantry.
The parchment seeds are the only non-poisonous part of the yew. All other parts of the tree are taxine and are very toxic. However, not for everyone. Eating the needles or shoots of a yew could kill a human being or a domesticated animal. This is opposed to animals living in the forest, which are immune to the poison. Deer are particularly fond of yews. Unfortunately for them, however, yews are few and far between in Poland.
The king – protector of the yew
Pliny the Elder wrote that the yew is a magical plant. The Gauls used yew tree juice for the tip of their arrowheads. Do you ever wonder how far back some of our everyday traditions can be traced? What degree of influence does the past still have on us? The Celts considered dark green, long-living yews to be cemetery trees and a symbol of immortality. The Druids used its tree juice to concoct mysterious mixtures. Nowadays, yews are most often planted in cemeteries. However, modern medicine uses liquids extracted from the tree in the treatment of tumors.
The yew has also left its mark on Polish history. Yew wood is heavy, resilient and elastic – ideal for the building of bows . That is why they were used by Polish archers during the Battle of Grunwald. Appreciating the military value of yew wood, in 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło named yews a strategic resource and banned their felling – in effect, becoming one of the first nature conservationists in Europe. Many years later, the yew still stands protected, but these days as a natural wonder.
PRZEMYSŁAW BARSZCZ, forester, Chairman of the Polish Natural Forest Foundation
Source: wSieci
Survivors - Animals that Survived Thanks to Polish Naturalists
Poland is home to expansive green areas and abundant in regions that can provide a natural habitat for different animal species. Nonetheless, many of them are at risk of extinction. Luckily, this process is often reversible - Polish researchers and environmentalists have demonstrated many times that endangered animal species can be successfully saved from extinction.
About Polska
The film presents the most beautiful places in Poland from the Tatra Mountains to the Baltic Sea, including national parks, big and small cities, Masurian lakes as well as sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List such as the Royal Salt Mine in Wieliczka, wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian Region, the historic centre of Warsaw and the Old City of Zamość.
Ospreys Online
The Lipka Forest District in north-western Poland looks is home to one of the few osprey nests. New online transmission feeds made available by the State Forests has made it possible for us to track the life of a bird family. This is worth doing especially now, because the female osprey lays eggs at the turn of April and May. After five weeks baby birds hatch from the eggs. At this moment, two birds in the RoSzponka and Szuwarek nests are expecting hatchlings.
We know more about wolf territories in Poland
As a result of protection measures, wolves return to their former refuges in Western Poland. In order to correctly assess the size of the population of these predators it is necessary to know the areas of their territories and population densities. Research carried out in the Drawa Forest provides the first data on this subject.
Polish poplar in race for European Tree of the Year title
A 220-year-old Polish poplar is in the race for the title of the European Tree of the Year.


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Former foster children recall hardships
Ryan Dailey
Democrat staff writer
Kharizma Bryant-Jackson
"Me and my mom, we were not getting along.For me at a young age, that just gave me a view on life that a 6-year-old shouldn't have."
Dealing with the mental stressors at home were not easy to overcome growing up.
"She was trying to help me, but she wasn't able to help me in the way I needed her to," she said of her mother.
Bryant-Jackson tried to escape her home situation.
"I spent most of my time jumping from place to place, I spent my high school years running away," she said. Her mother, looking for a solution, took her to the Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare Behavioral Health Center.
"Me being there helped me, but it also kind of damaged me because I felt I was crazy."
When she first moved into the CCYS transitional program, she said there were some doubts built-in from prior experiences.
"When you've been moved from so many facilities, it's kind of hard for you to transition. My thought was, 'How long am I going to stay here? Is this going to be permanent, or am I just going to be off to the next one."
Bryant-Jackson found support in both peers and adults.
"I needed someone to give me emotional support" Bryant-Jackson said.
When Bryant-Jackson received her GED, she said her mother "was so proud, and welcomed me with open arms." The two continue to build on a positive relationship.
"When I turned 18, I had been in about five placements already," said Zhang, a 20-year-old who is now a third-year criminology major and computer information technology minor at Florida A&M.
"My last foster mom, we had the closest bond that I had ever made with a foster parent. Shortly afterward, my dad came home from prison and I moved back in with him."
However, Zhang and her father's "rocky relationship" proved to be problematic living under one roof, and soon she found herself having to move back in with a former Guardian ad Litem mentor.
Finding work and a steady income became the next obstacle to independent living.
"One of my biggest challenges were getting my documents. In foster care, I never had an original birth certificate."
This made it a struggle for Anna to get a job when she reached working age and began to need to provide for herself. She said employers are not always patient when they are interviewing multiple candidates.
"This is the real world, no one's going to be patient about hiring someone for a position."
Zhang said having limited personal connections after aging out of foster care made things more difficult.
"Most children who live with their families have a mom, dad, aunt or uncle they can call on when they have problems or financial trouble," Zhang said. She was not always so fortunate.
Things came to a boil when she found out a roommate had thrown away her FAMU acceptance letter – a physical symbol of her accomplishments to that point. The ensuing dispute resulted in a phone call to police.
Around 11 p.m. the night before she got on the road to drive to her new university, she was put in the back of a police car and taken to jail. She was released on her own recognizance when police found she had no record of ever being in trouble with the law.
"I got home at 4 a.m. and packed the rest of the night. I just thought 'In the morning I'm getting on the road, and that's it.' But all this stemmed from my dad kicking me out."
Anna is set to graduate as a Rattler next fall.
Taylor Ballard
"When I finally got into a home where they actually cared about me, I was 17," Ballard said.
She graduated high school a year early, and despite being urged by her foster parent to stay in town for another year, Ballard decided to strike out on her own and relocate to Orlando.
Being isolated in a new place without many connections was taxing on the recent high school grad. It led to a mental breakdown, followed by a diagnosis of several mental disorders Ballard never knew she had.
Her "meltdown" in Orlando caused her to be evicted from an apartment complex, making it extremely difficult to find housing when she returned to Tallahassee.
"I had an issue trying to find a place to live because many places don't accept your evictions," Ballard said. "Even if I did find somewhere, am I going to be sleeping in the kitchen? Am I going to be sleeping in the bathtub?"
"I got to the point where I'd like to be able to prove to people I really changed, I've matured into an adult," Ballard said. And she did just that.
Ballard has been at her current placement for a year and three months now, never missing a bill or dropping a responsibility. She also benefitted from the Guardian ad Litem's First Beginnings Project.
"When I was moving into my new placement, I wasn't expecting to move in the amount of time in which I did, plus I couldn't afford to furnish my whole house by myself. So it really did save me" Ballard said.
However, even with the relative success she's enjoyed recently, Ballard still feels limited in her ability to move onward and upward to better housing based on her past mistakes.
"I feel like I cannot move anywhere else based on these evictions," she said.
Ballard continues to work at her dream of becoming a professional model.
Jay Schad
"After I aged out (of foster care), I moved into an apartment with just my bed."
Schad purchased a mattress from someone he knew for $20, but it was the only possession he had until his biological father was able to bring some furniture.
Living in Panama City, Schad developed some toxic friendships and was beginning to struggle with motivation to pull himself out of the situation.
"I didn't really have any self-motivation. I don't know if it could've been helped without me trying to help myself. I figured I would have somebody to try and put me in check, but I didn't."
After Schad was arrested last June, he quickly moved to Tallahassee to get away from Panama City and cut ties with questionable connections.
"No one saying, 'Oh, you're doing good and I see your efforts.' So I found out that I had to build my own self-motivation."
Finding a new apartment in Tallahassee and hitting the job hunt were Schad's first priorities. However, finding a guarantor was a serious roadblock.
"I had to depend on things like Craigslist ads to find a place, and it got me to run into some bad people. That got me to where I am now, which is homeless," Schad said.
During his year in Tallahassee, Schad has been in five placements in the last year. None of them have been more stable than a six-month stay.
However, Schad was hired on to a new job last week and is eager to begin making the money necessary to live comfortably on his own.
Jawan Moore
"I never had a happy childhood, from the age of three it was in and out of court with my mom and my dad," said TCC student Jawan Moore.
Moore, though he has never been in the foster care system, was involved in a fierce custody battle as a child, which made his living conditions unstable at times.
For seven years during his childhood, Moore said, he had believed his mother was trying to have him taken away from his dad.
However, Moore found out later that there were different reasons for his family being torn apart. His two older sisters, eager to leave the home before age 18, told the Department of Children and Families that their mother was being physically abusive.
Having to be away from his mother was hard on Moore.
"I was always the twin that wanted to go back to our mom," said Moore, who also has a twin brother.
After finding out the truth, Moore said he began to view his father as a hero. Moore said his father took all of the kids in and took care of them himself, before remarrying and taking in eight more children from his new wife.
"I would fight with the sheriff. I would tell the judge, 'If I can't go with my mom, I'll prove to you I can go to her.'"
A series of attempts to run away from home caused a rift between Moore and his father.
"That was really a traumatic event for me. And when I sat down and thought about it, I realized the things that I did could have been prevented, and handled in a positive way."
Moore has shifted his life to be all about positivity. A star student at TCC, Moore was dressed impeccably in a suit on his way to a school event on the day of the discussion.
A volunteer who is very involved in his church, Destiny Center, Moore is a mentor within the church's flag football program and also teaches children at a local pre-school.
He said that, often times, people see his success and don't realize he has come from such a difficult background.
Receiving help from CCYS counseling, Moore said he learned more effective ways to open up and talk about his emotions. He has since mended his relationship with his father, and the two talk on a regular basis.
"I wanted my dad to be in my life. I called him one day and told him everything I was sorry for. And the one thing he told me is, he was never mad at me. He just wanted me to sit down and talk to him, father to son."


When one of my friends first propose that we get an exotic car rental to blow off some steam and celebrate, I really thought that it was a crazy idea. We had just graduated from college, after all, and were not exactly what you would call independently wealthy. Add to that the fact that my friend was not a very good driver, and you had a recipe for disaster. Nevertheless, we had always been close friends, and had always shared a love of sports cars and exotic cars from around the globe. I don't know how he managed to do it, but soon exotic car rentals started to sound like a good idea. It was quite an adventure, that is for sure.
When we first started looking at exotic rental cars, we thought that they would be out of our price range. They were pretty expensive, but since we only wanted to drive for a days, we definitely could afford one. The real problem with exotic car rental has to do with the insurance. It costs a lot of money to ensure a Ferrari car rental like we wanted. If you mess up and get into an accident, it make it a little bit more difficult to get affordable insurance rates – at least that's what my father told me. That is why I was so nervous.
Still, it was worth it. The exotic car rental was like a dream came true. We really lived it up like rock stars for that day. We drove around the city, showing off our wheels, and just enjoying ourselves generally. Then we went to a nightclub. Let me tell you, that was a dream come true. There's something about driving a Ferrari that makes you so much more confident than usual. All the girls loved us. We both got several numbers, and had a good time that night. The only scary part was when we were pulling out of the club. Some drunken jerk almost sideswiped us. If he had, it really would have ruined what had been a perfect evening. Fortunately, I was at the wheel.
I don't think I'll have an exotic car rental anytime soon. It made me nervous to drive something so nice. Still, for special occasion it is a sweet deal. If you have never been behind the wheel of a true precision driving machine, you have never lived! It really is something you have to experience to believe.


She's neck-deep in work commitments, taking care of a family, trying to stay in shape, and writing a novel in her spare time.
Pew! She responds within seconds to an email.
Pew! She figures out how to fix the dryer from a YouTube video.
Pew! She cranks out a presentation deck for a new customer.
Maybe she fears exposing that she's not invulnerable. Maybe she is terrified of anyone finding out she doesn't know everything.
Hey, guess what? Cat's out of the bag.
You can't do everything yourself.
I just returned from a fantastic event, the GeniusShared retreat in Chicago, where a group of less than 30 smart, connected people gathered to help each other work on their dreams/businesses/passion projects.
The key to success for the retreat was the willingness of every person in the room to publicly share. All were willing to accept input, ideas, and perspectives from the others in the room.
Unless you're willing to reveal your vulnerabilities to someone else, you will never be able to progress toward your goals. It's the first step toward being a leader as well. Effective leaders always seek out those who are smarter, stronger, more experienced than they are.
Leaders accept help from others with grace and gratitude. They offer help to others freely.
When someone looks you in the eye and says, "how can I help you," do you have a good answer ready? Can you accept with an open heart?
I am on a bit of a rampage lately about organizations not-addressing missed deadlines.
I see this a lot. The reason why so many organizations have so much trouble doing what they intend to do, on time, is because when they fail to meet a deadline, nothing happens.
The dates come and go and no one talks about it.
People who were on the hook either assume that they have been granted more time, or it wasn't that important to begin with.
Then there is no new deadline established because no one is talking about it at all. So the strategic task takes an even lower priority over the more urgent tactical demands of the moment.
This simple failure to address missed deadlines is one of the biggest factors that keeps organizations from making strategic progress.
You can't let the date come and go and leave the failure totally unacknowledged and unexamined.
This sends all the wrong messages and sets a very low standard of execution.
Too busy to keep track?
Not personally good at keeping track?
Don't like the conflict of keeping track?
Don't know what consequences to impose when something is off track.
The first two are really easy to fix. Get someone who's naturally good at this to help you. Number 3 and 4 you can't delegate.
As a leader, if these things make you uncomfortable you need to do them anyway.
1. Be really clear up front about dates, owners, and measures, and communicate the status at the beginning of the project when everything is "green".
2. Start communicating regularly about what is getting done before anything goes wrong.
3. Everyone can see their name on the chart with the due dates and measures. It is up to them to keep on track.
4. Then when something goes from green to yellow or red, it is not as much of a conflict to bring it up. At least it is not a surprise. Everyone saw it coming. The person who failed to deliver had the chance to avoid it, and knew before hand that it would be addressed, so the conflict is not personal.
You don't need to fire someone every time a deadline is missed. So if you don't fire the person for missing a deadline, what do you do?
There are so many options between termination and nothing!
You don't need to be a tyrant.
But you do need to have a conversation.
Ask, "What happened? How to do you intend to recover?".
The act of having this conversation sends the message that it is NOT OK to miss a deadline.
Sure it's an uncomfortable conversation, but it should be! You missed a deadline. That should not be pleasant, comfortable news for anyone.
It's not about coming down hard on someone or being disrespectful or nasty. It's about moving the business forward.
Also, I find that strong performers take a lot of ownership in these conversations and put more pain on themselves then they get from you.
Many leaders struggle with the motivation factor. They feel like if they give someone a hard time the person may get de-motivated, be less committed or leave.
In reality, the impact of not having the conversation is that you are letting the person know that what they were working on wasn't very important, which I think is always even more de-motivating.
Many things set highly successful people apart, but the one I want to talk about here is where they get their good ideas.
Short answer: everywhere and from anyone!
One of the most critical factors in creating big success is Imagination.
What if the thing that will create your biggest success is something you haven't thought of yet?
What if the best solution to the problem you are working on is something you are not likely to think of?
How will you think of it?
Highly successful people are always ready to learn from anyone.
They seek out good ideas everywhere, all the time, and when they find one it doesn't matter if it comes from a highly paid consultant, a board member, or the person that comes in to clean up the catering after lunch.
They recognize good ideas, they adopt them, and they thank people for them.
This generosity, appreciation and acknowledgment makes people want to help them.
So, they have a bigger and much steadier source of good ideas than people who either don't think they can learn from others, or refuse to acknowledge when they do.
I have worked with many people whose ego prevents them from every saying, "Wow, that's a good idea, I never thought of that, thank you".  These are not the people whose careers are soaring.
How are you building your pipeline of good ideas?
Create a habit of talking to people before you get to the end of the process of what you are doing, or before you feel like know all the answers.
Start conversations assuming you know LESS than the other person. Even if you are certain that you know more, take some time to listen anyway.
Talk to people you don't ordinarily talk to. Ask them them what they think about – you'll be surprised how many new ideas this will generate.
Ask around for people who do similar work and seek out best practices – this is a great way to ask for help without looking like you don't know what you are doing!
Specifically seek out people who think very differently from you and meet with them regularly to discuss your work, your plans and your goals.
My most inspiring successes have almost all started from the ideas and encouragement of others.
They were things that were not in my imagination before someone else helped put them there.
It doesn't matter where a good idea comes from. Just be sure to put yourself in the stream and recognize them when they come along!
Liz Strauss is one of the most prolific share-ers of ideas I have ever encountered! As a start on your idea bank. Follow Liz!
Do you have a story about something you were able to accomplish because someone helped you with your imagination? Do tell! Please share in the comment box below.


You might say that online education runs in Robin Williams' family.
Williams started teaching online courses at Great Falls College MSU in 2004, but her father's history with online education goes back even further. He was the first director of Montana State University's Master of Science in Science Education when the online program launched in the late 1990s.
It was because of her dad's stories about teaching online that Williams signed up to become an online instructor.
"I've just always thought it's a really nice way to reach out to people who can't make it to campus," Williams said.
Williams, a dental assistant and dental hygiene instructor, has taught a variety of courses online, including medical terminology, theory of infection control, biology and a hybrid course (which is a mixture of online and in-person instruction) on dental office management.
Williams has seen some major changes to online instruction in the past dozen years.
For many of her online courses, Williams records audio lectures for students to listen to. In some online classes, students divide into groups for group projects.
Advancements in technology mean there are constantly new ways to teach online.
Around 2005, she worked with Rob Truax, a biology teacher at Great Falls High and past adjunct instructor at GFC MSU, to develop a fully online biology course where students completed labs at home with items they could find in their kitchen or purchase for a minimal cost.
"It was the first one of its kind at Great Falls College MSU," she said.
Today, Williams works closely with the eLearning staff at Great Falls College MSU. The instructional designers at the college help her find innovate ways to teach to online students.
"If I have an idea for something I want to do, they will help me set it up," she said.
Williams likes that online education in constantly changing.
"It keeps my brain fresh," she said.
She's also found that teaching online has made her a better instructor in her face-to-face classes.
Williams also puts online techniques to use in her in-person classes.
"My face-to-face courses are strongly web-enhanced," she said.
For example, in her face-to-face head, neck and oral anatomy class, Williams has her students listen to audio lectures before coming to class. Then during class time, they do hands-on activities.
Great Falls College MSU offers eight programs entirely online. For more information on the online courses and degrees available through GFC MSU, visit elearning.gfcmsu.edu.


text:
Business News›News›Economy›Policy›MoSPI is giving an increased focus on data quality, assurance, credibility: Government
MoSPI is giving an increased focus on data quality, assurance, credibility: Government
The government had last month approved the merger of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) with the Central Statistics Office (CSO) under MoSPI.
Kirtika Suneja
This is the second clarification given by the ministry in the last three days, after it announced the restructuring of the statistical system on May 23.
New Delhi: Amid criticism on official statistics, the government on Monday said that the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is giving an increased focus on Data Quality and Assurance. The ministry also said that it is redrafting the National Policy on Official Statistics and proposing to establish a National Data Warehouse on Official Statistics, where technology will be leveraged for using Big Data Analytical tools for further improving the quality of macro-economic aggregates.
Referring to reports on the ministry's restructuring, the government in a clarification said: "What has been missed out, in particular, is the fact that MoSPI is giving an increased focus on data quality and assurance by repositioning the existing data processing personnel".
"The recent step for the merger of CSO and NSSO was aimed at leveraging the strengths of the two organisations so that it can meet the increasing demands," MoSPI said.
On questions raised at the credibility of India's official statistics, it said that India has adopted the United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics (FPOS) in May, 2016 and is committed to ensure and secure the autonomy and independence of the statistical system to produce appropriate and reliable data.
"The reforms being undertaken in MoSPI are in consonance with these principles as also the various recommendations of the National Statistical Commission (NSC)," MoSPI said.
GDP revision
The government has faced flak for revising the GDP data under a new series with 2011-12 as the base year. One such case was the sharp revision in GDP growth for FY17, the year of demonetisation, from 7.1% to 8.2%.
A group of 108 economists had criticised the government when an estimate of back-series GDP data for the last decade by a committee appointed by the NSC was at variance with that of the Central Statistical Organisation. The CSO's official data sharply lowered growth estimates for the period from 2005-06 to 2013-14.
Former NSC members had blamed the government for its undue influence and delay in the publication of a NSSO report on jobs, which the NSC had cleared. As per the report- the Periodic Labour Force Survey-the unemployment rate in the country was 5.3% in rural India and 7.8% in urban India, resulting in an overall unemployment rate of 6.1% in 2017-18.
The clarification also mentioned media reports, while citing the changes in GDP growth likely to result from adopting the double deflation, realise the varying outcomes obtained by different authors from their own distinct assumptions.
"It was because of such views that the Advisory Committee on National Accounts Statistics (ACNAS) had not agreed to the use of the double deflation at present stage," it said.
Central Statistics Office (India)
MOSPI
Trai launches three apps for tracking call and data quality
Capital goods output shrinks 16.3% in April; data quality in doubt
Error in IIP numbers raises questions over data quality
PM concerned over data quality


Join MFM, Louie Vito and Cory Cronk August 28th for the world premiere of MFM and Finger On Da Trigger's newest release Hard to Earn. Skate the Vans Park for only $5 if you're a Mountain High season pass holder! Oh and there's free food too!! Don't miss this, be at the Block in Orange August 28th from 4pm to 10pm (we'll be there at 3:45 so we don't miss out on the free eats).


A piezoelectric crystal embedded in a silicone chip is the focus of a Project X grant.
Several years ago, a team led by Professor Peter Jaffe made a discovery in the wetlands of New Jersey: An unidentified organism was churning out nitrites, oxidizing ammonium with iron instead of oxygen.
Jaffe, a professor of civil and environmental engineering, thought that harnessing the organism might lead to a revolution in wastewater treatment, but the idea was shelved, considered too preliminary to receive funding.
Today, however, it's the focus of Jaffe's research, thanks to Project X — a $10 million fund established by businesswoman Lynn Shostack w'69. The fund allows Princeton's engineering faculty members to pursue their passions, by providing small grants for risky projects.
Princeton's Schmidt Fund, created in 2009, also encourages high-risk research ventures. But Project X focuses exclusively on the engineering school, providing smaller grants to jump-start projects about which faculty feel strongly but which may be outside their areas of expertise.
Project X is Shostack's second gift to Princeton in memory of her late husband, David Gardner '69, who died in 2001. The David A. Gardner '69 Magic Project funds unconventional humanities projects, including an array of academic courses and seminars.
Project X also supports innovation, encouraging those Shostack calls "tinkerers" to pursue hunches. Traditional funding sources require researchers to proceed more cautiously, H. Vincent Poor *77, dean of the engineering school, said in an email.
Jaffe's project is one of seven to receive Project X funding so far. He said that his idea, if successful, could slash energy consumption in wastewater-treatment plants and transform landscape planning and wetlands management.
Michael McAlpine, assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, said that Project X has allowed him to explore the medical applications of his work with piezoelectric crystals. McAlpine's team is working to make these crystals conform to the human body, using movement such as breathing or walking to power a device such as an implanted pacemaker.


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text:
Chuks Has Been Exceptional
Steve praises Aneke's work ethic
Crewe Alexandra boss Steve Davis has praised the work ethic of Chuks Aneke as his extra training has resulted in scoring 11 goals in his last 17 matches since late November. Aneke's goals and performances have certainly caught the eye and the on-loan Arsenal starlet will be one of the favourites for the Player-of-the-Year award come May.
Davis has been delighted that Aneke has continued to stay behind after training to work on his game, especially his finishing and he knows that his deep-lying centre-forward will continue to be important in the run-in
Steve told crewalex.net: "We have had a few too many blanks this season but from Christmas onwards we have looked more dangerous and Chuks has been the main reason for that. We could do with others chipping in with a few goals because we can't solely rely on Chuks all the time.
"We are getting chances and if we can convert a few more and keep a few more clean-sheets then that would make a massive difference to our league position.
"Chuks has worked really hard and I am pleased to see him getting the rewards because of that. He is one who stays after training and works on his finishing with James (Collins) and myself.
"Chuks is always out there. Vadaine and Pogs come back occasionally as well but Chuks really pushes himself and I am pleased that he is getting the reward for that desire.
Steve added: "He wants to improve as a player and has always been a pleasure to work with. His response to the work has been exceptional and it feels as though he is one of our own. He has been a major player for us."


text:
Q: Variable scope in S3 generics I have the following snippet:
y <- 1
g <- function(x) {
  y <- 2
  UseMethod("g")
}
g.numeric <- function(x) y
g(10)
# [1] 2

I do not understand, why it is possible to have access to y in g.numeric <- function(x) y. To my understanding y's scope is just within the definition of the generic (g <- ...). Could anyone explain to me, how that is possible?

A: The description of this behavior can be found in the ?UseMethod help page

UseMethod creates a new function call with arguments matched as they came in to the generic. Any local variables defined before the call to UseMethod are retained

Thus any local variables defined in the function calling UseMethod are passed along to the next function as local variables. You can see this with
g.numeric <- function(x) ls()  #lists all variables in current environment
g(10)
# [1] "x" "y"
g.numeric(10)
# [1] "x"


This Is Freezonia, the land of Penguins!
We have a bad map at https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1k5h7FITsxzvfDEpw_RgGImvbLJ_yFSTumJgySWDAkE4/edit?usp=sharing. We will have a better map soon.
Anyway, our average year-round temperature is 14 degrees Fahrenheit. Our summer high is 35 degrees Fahrenheit (Above freezing!), and our winter low is -19 degrees Fahrenheit.
Our scientists and intelligence are what we focus on. Our scientists have been able to permanently unfreeze some of our ice into water somehow. They have also genetically modified about 17.83% of plants known to man so that they can survive the cold and be grown in snow.
Factbook → History by Wiriestcomet1 127 days ago . 7 reads.
Bulletin → Policy by Wiriestcomet1 65 days ago . 7 reads.
Bulletin → Policy by Wiriestcomet1 65 days ago . 4 reads.
Embassies: Elwakia, roundup anti lily, Flamethrower, storage, and The Kingdom of Woven Stars.
Tags: Anti-Fascist, Defender, Democratic, Featured, Map, Regional Government, Small, and World Assembly.
Freezonia contains 8 nations, the 2,151st most in the world.
As a region, Freezonia is ranked 15,791st in the world for Largest Welfare Programs.
1 day 4 hours ago : United workers foundation ceased to exist.
2 days 4 hours ago : Embassy cancelled between The Pets of America and Freezonia.
2 days 13 hours ago : The Kingdom of BACON-lANDS departed this region for The Left Nationalist Pact.
19 days ago : Embassy established between The Kingdom of Woven Stars and Freezonia.
22 days ago : The Republic of Sir loin of beef agreed to construct embassies with The Kingdom of Woven Stars.
22 days ago : The Allied States of Wiriestcomet1 of the region The Kingdom of Woven Stars proposed constructing embassies.
25 days ago : The Allied States of Wiriestcomet1 of the region Elwakia cancelled the closure of its embassy in Freezonia.
27 days ago : Angry plantation ceased to exist.
27 days ago : The Allied States of Wiriestcomet1 lost WA Delegate status.
27 days ago : The Allied States of Wiriestcomet1 departed this region for Elwakia.
Post by The anime lords suppressed by Wiriestcomet1.
Should I vote for or against?