text:
Q: navigation drawer not showing? Hi I am developing news app using navigation drawer but it is not showing navigation only showing one fragment and I followed this tutorial
screenshot of app
below MainActivity.java file

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private DrawerLayout mDrawer;
    private Toolbar toolbar;
    private   NavigationView nvDrawer;
    private ActionBarDrawerToggle drawerToggle;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Set a Toolbar to replace the ActionBar.
        toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        // Find our drawer view
        mDrawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        drawerToggle = setupDrawerToggle();

        // Tie DrawerLayout events to the ActionBarToggle
        mDrawer.addDrawerListener(drawerToggle);

        nvDrawer = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nvView);

// Inflate the header view at runtime
        View headerLayout = nvDrawer.inflateHeaderView(R.layout.nav_header);
// We can now look up items within the header if needed
        ImageView ivHeaderPhoto = (ImageView) headerLayout.findViewById((R.id.header_image));
        setupDrawerContent(nvDrawer);
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.flContent, new BBCSportFragment()).commit();
        fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.flContent, new FoxSportsFragment()).commit();
        fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.flContent, new TalkSportsFragment()).commit();

    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // The action bar home/up action should open or close the drawer.
        switch (item.getItemId()) {
            case android.R.id.home:
                mDrawer.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
                return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    private void setupDrawerContent(NavigationView navigationView) {
        navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(
                menuItem -> {
                    selectDrawerItem(menuItem);
                    return true;
                });
    }

    public void selectDrawerItem(MenuItem menuItem) {
        // Create a new fragment and specify the fragment to show based on nav item clicked
        Fragment fragment = null;
        Class fragmentClass = null;
        switch (menuItem.getItemId()) {
            case R.id.bbcsports_fragment:
                fragmentClass = BBCSportFragment.class;
                break;
            case R.id.talksports_fragment:
                fragmentClass = TalkSportsFragment.class;
                break;
            case R.id.foxsports_fragment:
                fragmentClass = FoxSportsFragment.class;
                break;
            default:

        }

        try {
            fragment = (Fragment) fragmentClass.newInstance();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // Insert the fragment by replacing any existing fragment

        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.flContent, fragment).commit();
        // Highlight the selected item has been done by NavigationView
        menuItem.setChecked(true);
        // Set action bar title
        setTitle(menuItem.getTitle());
        // Close the navigation drawer
        mDrawer.closeDrawers();
    }

    private ActionBarDrawerToggle setupDrawerToggle() {
        // NOTE: Make sure you pass in a valid toolbar reference.  ActionBarDrawToggle() does not require it
        // and will not render the hamburger icon without it.
        return new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawer, toolbar, R.string.drawer_open,  R.string.drawer_close);
    }

}

below activity_main.xml where I have implemented navigation drawer as well as drawer layout.

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <!-- This LinearLayout represents the contents of the screen  -->
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <!-- The ActionBar displayed at the top -->
        <include
            layout="@layout/toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <!-- The main content view where fragments are loaded -->
        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/flContent"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <!-- The navigation drawer that comes from the left -->
    <!-- Note that `android:layout_gravity` needs to be set to 'start' -->
    <android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
        android:id="@+id/nvView"
        android:layout_width="240dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:background="@android:color/white"
        app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
        app:menu="@menu/navigation_menu" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

below BBCFragment.java

public class BBCSportFragment extends Fragment {

    public List<Article> articleList = new ArrayList<Article>();
    @BindView(R.id.recycler_view)
    RecyclerView recyclerView;
    private SportNews sportNews;
    private ArticleAdapter articleAdapter;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_bbcsport, container, false);
        ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
        SportInterface sportInterface = SportClient.getApiService();
        Call<SportNews> call = sportInterface.getArticles();
        call.enqueue(new Callback<SportNews>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<SportNews> call, Response<SportNews> response) {
                sportNews = response.body();
                if (sportNews != null && sportNews.getArticles() != null) {
                    articleList.addAll(sportNews.getArticles());
                }
                articleAdapter = new ArticleAdapter(articleList, sportNews);
                RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getContext());
                recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
                recyclerView.setAdapter(articleAdapter);
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call<SportNews> call, Throwable t) {

            }
        });

        return view;

    }
}

below bbc_fragment.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <!-- The main content view -->
    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <!-- Put what you want as your normal screen in here, you can also choose for a linear layout or any other layout, whatever you

prefer -->

A: You should override onPostCreate and sync the toggle drawer state like this
@Override
protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
  // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
  drawerToggle.syncState();
}

Then you override onConfigurationChanged and change toggle drawer configuration
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
  super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
  // Pass any configuration change to the drawer toggles
  drawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
}

Add those two methods and it will work.

A: Try it.
  ActionBarDrawerToggle toggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this, drawerLayout, toolbar, "Open navigation drawer", "Close navigation drawer") {
            @Override
            public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
                super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);

            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerClosed(View drawerView) {
                super.onDrawerClosed(drawerView);

            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerSlide(View drawerView, float slideOffset) {
                super.onDrawerSlide(drawerView, slideOffset);

            }
        };

        drawerLayout.addDrawerListener(toggle);

        toggle.syncState();

        navView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(this);


Home » How to Learn Korean Online For FREE!
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The Korean Language Education Center at Sogang University has put together an excellent FREE site full of information and exercises to help you learn Korean.
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07 Sep 2015, by Artur Malabarba.
Every computer user, to some extend, is a user of Open Source Software (even if most of them are oblivious to that). This is only possible because the developers of these pieces of software have donated their time to us, who are nothing short of complete strangers to them. These are regular people, with just as much free time as you or I—sometimes a bit more, sometimes even less.
There are many ways we can thank them for this. Just saying "thank you" is one way, anyone likes to be appreciated and would be happy to hear that they did something that helped you. Another way is to spread the word, share the software, and thus help them help more people. A third option is to help back, send a patch or a PR, write documentation, or even write your own software to help your own complete strangers, adding one more link to this selfless chain. And lastly, you can also donate.
A few weeks ago, I setup a Gratipay page for Endless Parentheses. If you'd like to help, you can donate to the blog or to my packages by clicking on the button below.
But that was weeks ago, it was something else that prompted me to write this post today. Over the last four days, two of Emacs most popular packages have setup new donation channels, so I saw this as a chance to group all these links together into a post.
CIDER now has a page on Salt (Bountysource's new monthly donations scheme), and Magit has got its Gratipay page up and running again after some down time. Both of these are true feats of Emacs development, way beyond your usual weekend programming exercise, so consider donating if they make your life easier. They also offer several other channels, so see these links to their respective manuals.
Bastien Guerry points out that Org-mode now has Gratipay page as well. You can also donate to it via Paypal on the website (top-right corner). I shouldn't have to tell you that this blog probably wouldn't exist without org-mode!
Two more huge and important Emacs projects I forgot to mention before are Flycheck and Spacemacs, and you can find their Paypal links on their respective Readmes.


Valentine s Day February 14 Love, Cupid, hearts, chocolates, cards and flowers are everywhere--it s Valentine s Day! On February 14, Americans enjoy this beautiful and romantic collection of valentine s day poems! to touch your beloved s heart memorize a cute valentine day poetry and.


text:
This Is How You Can Tell If Your 2018 Taxes Will Go Up Under The New GOP Plan
by Joseph Milord
Joe Raedle/Getty Images News/Getty Images
As Republicans in Congress were passing their sweeping tax reform bill, President Donald Trump took to Twitter to express his confidence that the legislation would produce easily recognizable benefits. "This is truly a case where the results will speak for themselves, starting very soon," Trump tweeted on Wednesday, Dec. 20. While Trump's tweet went on to emphasize jobs, perhaps the most significant result the tax bill could produce revolves around one question: Will you owe more in 2018 taxes under the GOP plan?
Because of the reform plan — officially called the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act — the federal tax rate is set to decrease across all income brackets except for the lowest one (single filers making up to $9,525 and joint filers making up to $19,050), according to The Wall Street Journal. The exact impact the lowering of those rates have, along with all the other changes the new tax law has introduced, will be apparent once the plan takes effect on the tax season that proceed after the 2018 calendar year.
In other words, the real proof will be in the pudding after Americans file their 2018 returns in 2019, before the annual April deadline. Still, there's been no shortage of analyses from credible sources that have predicted how Americans' 2018 returns might look.
Who Is Predicted To Get A Tax Cut, And Who Isn't
Republicans in Congress, including House Speaker Paul Ryan (WI), have argued that the average family of four will receive a $2,000 tax cut. Meanwhile, some of the country's major newspapers have sought to provide a comprehensive way to answer the all important question, by developing tax calculators.
The Wall Street Journal, for example, has put together a nuanced calculator that will help predict your tax liability by taking into a range of factors, like medical expenses, charitable donations and property taxes.
"The Upshot" at the The New York Times has a much skinnier version of a tax calculator, which takes into account just four factors: marital status, wage bracket, amount of children, and whether or not a filer has taken a standard deduction. According to that particular analysis, a single person making between $25,000 and $75,000 a year with no children and a standard deduction (hi, millennials) will get an average tax cut of $760.
A different analysis from The New York Times predicts what percentage of Americans from 11 different income groups will see a tax cut after filing their returns for the 2018 tax year. That analysis finds that 61 percent of people making between $30,000 and $40,000 a year will see a tax cut, while 81 percent of people making between $50,000 and $75,000 will see a cut as well.
One analysis that has been most cited by politicians and news organizations is a study from the Tax Policy Center, a Washington D.C. think tank. The study predicts that, for the 2018 tax year, around 80 percent of Americans will see a tax cut, while around 5 percent will pay more, under the new GOP tax law.
In short, most people are predicted get a tax cut in the first year that the Republican tax reform law has an affect on Americans' yearly returns. If you're wondering why, then, would some Democrats label such a law with words like "moral abomination" take it from the congressman who used that exact term, Senator Bernie Sanders.
When asked by CNN's Jake Tapper whether or not he considers it "a good thing" that the GOP tax law will see most Americans receive a tax cut, Sanders replied, "Yeah, it is a very good thing. And that's why we should've made the tax cuts for the middle class permanent."
Sanders' reply continues a constant criticism from Democrats, who have blasted the law for removing the tax cuts for individuals at the end of 2025, while keeping the tax cut for corporations permanent.
In response to Sanders' interview with Tapper, Senator Ted Cruz tweeted that he agreed with his colleague across the aisle, and invited Sanders to co-sponsor a bill that would make individual tax cuts permanent in January.
Ultimately, the prediction that most Americans will get a tax cut in the short-term is widely agreed upon. The subject of whether those short term affects redeem the bill's long-term impacts, however, is what causes a split of opinion in Congress.
In the meantime, here's one prediction that pretty much everyone can bet on together: Don't hold your breath waiting for Bernie Sanders to work with Ted Cruz on tax policy.
These 45 Instagram Story Songs Include Trending Hits & Throwback Faves
By Lizzy Rosenberg and Jillian Giandurco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This beautiful salad server set will grace your table elegantly for years. An original hand made for you from Western North Carolina. We make our wooden spoons, boards and Kitchen utensils and tools with you and their function in mind. They won't scratch your finest stainless steel or enamel pans. We include CARE INSTRUCTIONS for years of dependable, ergonomic use! Each item is hand made, sawed, carved and finished by Phil Baerreis.
We make several styles of salad servers.. This one is a fork and paddle set. The implements are approximately 12″ long and 3½" wide. The paddle and fork are matched and finished in food safe oil and beeswax. Your set will be made to order and shipped within 3 business.


A walkthrough on installing Redis server and implementing a custom ASP.NET State Management using Redis and ASP.NET MVC5.
This article explains how to manage ASP.NET Client and Server State, via View State, Hidden Fields, Cookies, Query Strings, Session State and Application State.
An example state machine framework that uses Doxygen to auto-draw the actual code's behavior.


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1 oz Silver Molon Labe Round Type VII, New | Intaglio Mint
The Intaglio Mint has issued its Molon Labe Series for several years now, with new obverse designs issued on each release of the collection. With the release of its seventh design iteration, Intaglio Mint continues to catalog the moments and confrontations from the Battle of Thermopylae. Right now, you can buy 1 oz Silver Molon Labe Rounds online from Provident Metals.
Arrives with an individual plastic flip or an acrylic tube of 20 rounds!
7th round issued in the Molon Labe Silver Series!
The obverse features a Spartan warrior charging into battle.
On the reverse is the Intaglio Mint logo.
With your purchase of 1 oz Silver Molon Labe Rounds in this Provident Metals listing, you will receive silver rounds with the seventh design in the Molon Labe Series from the Intaglio Mint. The rounds are packaged individually inside of plastic flips, while multiples are available inside acrylic tubes of 20 rounds.
The obverse side of Silver Molon Labe Rounds features a depiction of a Spartan warrior charging bravely into battle against the Persian Army. In this design, the soldier is running headlong into the Persians using his spear to run through the chest of a Persian as he knees another in the face. He protects himself from any counterattacks using his shield. The inscription on this side reads MOLON LABE.
On the reverse field of 1 oz Silver Molon Labe Rounds, you will find the seal of the Intaglio Mint. The mint logo features a column at the center that has INTAGLIO MINT and EST. 2010 around the logo. The background field behind this has a swirling pattern of radial lines. The outer rim comes with inscriptions of ONE TROY OUNCE, .999 FINE SILVER, and two inscriptions of MMXXI. The rounds in this series are date marked with Roman numerals.
The Battle of Thermopylae was fought over the course of three days in 480 BC. The Persian Army was invading Greece for the second time in a decade in an attempt to wipe out the city-states that formed the Greek Empire. The Persians had the superior force with more than 150,000. King Leonidas volunteered himself and 300 of his elite Spartan warriors to go to the hot gates at Thermopylae and fight to the death to delay the Persian advance while the rest of the Greek city-states gathered an army.
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask. Provident Metals can assist you on the phone at 800-313-3315, online using our live chat, and via our email address.
Intaglio Mint
Inner Pack
Plastic Flip


text:
Медицинская техника — российский научный журнал, выходит 6 раз в год. Издаётся с 1967 года. Переводится на английский язык издательством «Springer New-York» под названием «Biomedical Engineering» (с 1967 года).

Главный редактор: Селищев, Сергей Васильевич (с января 2008 года).

Включён в список научных журналов ВАК.

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 Раздел журнала «Biomedical Engineering» на сайте издательства «Springer»

Печатные издания, возникшие в 1967 году
Научные журналы России
Журналы СССР по алфавиту
Журналы СССР на русском языке

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Phnom Penh Post - We lead where it matters
We lead where it matters
Stuart White | Publication date 07 July 2017 | 15:37 ICT
The Phnom Penh Post's acting editor-in-chief Stuart White speaks to reporters and editors during a morning news meeting. Heng Chivoan
Stuart White
With the exception of the tumultuous 1970s, it could be argued that the past 25 years of Cambodian history have seen more momentous changes than any other period since the nation won its independence in 1953.
Since The Phnom Penh Post was founded in 1992, the country transitioned to a fledgling, albeit flawed, multi-party democracy; it finally closed the chapter on its decades-long civil war; and just last year, the World Bank upgraded Cambodia from a low-income country to a lower-middle income one.
Cambodia's media hasn't been immune to these changes either. While much of the country's mass media remains aligned with, or influenced by, the ruling party, its English-language press – The Post and Post Khmer included – has come to enjoy unfettered freedom to report on pressing, and often controversial, issues as we see fit.
In fact, in many ways, the evolution of The Post closely tracks the evolution of Cambodia itself. Founded in 1992 as a bi-weekly publication, The Post largely served the huge influx of foreigners that poured in along with the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), which administered the country for nearly two years through Cambodia's first democratic elections in 1993.
In 2008, just in time for another round of national elections, The Post went daily, seeking to serve an ever-larger appetite for up-to-date news. Just over a year later, in 2009, Post Khmer was launched to bring Khmer-language readers a level of editorial quality and independence missing from much of the market at the time.
Now, with the web – and social media in particular – firmly entrenched as many Cambodian and foreign readers' news source of choice, The Post is still evolving, making a concerted push to bring readers news not only every morning, but as it happens. Our recent Commune Elections 2017 blog is probably the most visible example of this, and as events like Cambodia's latest round of elections – and the even more closely watched elections to come next year – continue to shape the Kingdom's history, The Post will redouble its efforts to bring its readers news when they need it.
This will involve challenges faced by news organisations worldwide – most notably, striking the difficult balance between being first, and being right – but it will also involve dealing with uniquely Cambodian challenges as well.
For one thing, access to information in Cambodia remains severely restricted, and obtaining documents – like drafts of laws and government statistics – that would be readily available in more mature democracies is often maddeningly difficult. The frustration associated with obtaining these essential materials is compounded in a digital news environment, in which the deadline isn't this evening, but right now.
What's more, despite the freedoms enjoyed by The Post in terms of its editorial discretion, uncertainties surrounding Cambodia's oft-maligned courts still represent a major risk to news organisations. While our exacting editorial standards assure that our work stands up to the highest level of scrutiny, that is no guarantee of protection from arbitrary legal entanglements.
This has only become clearer in recent months, which have seen a vaguely worded media code of conduct, labelled a "code of censorship" by critics, issued by the National Election Committee and accompanied by threats to revoke violators' licences; an arrest warrant for a Cambodian-American journalist who was accused of misrepresenting himself to obtain a politically sensitive interview; a court complaint against Cambodian and Canadian journalists over what appeared to be routine election coverage; and espionage charges for an Australian filmmaker, whose only crime appeared to be taking drone footage of an opposition campaign rally.
As we look forward to what the next 25 years have in store for Cambodia – and Cambodian journalism – it goes without saying that a free press holding those in power to account will only become more important if democratic institutions are to mature and the benefits of development are to be felt by all the country's citizens.
One can only hope that the freedoms the press has accrued over time will be maintained, and indeed strengthened. But as the events mentioned above show, that is still far from certain.
One thing that is certain, however, is that The Post's commitment to bringing its readers intelligent, in-depth and independent reporting will remain. We're grateful for the trust our audience has put in our journalism in the last 25 years, and we'll do everything in our power to maintain that trust in the coming 25.
Whatever direction Cambodia takes as it continues its evolution into a modern democracy, The Post will be there to cover it.
Contact author: Stuart White
President and deans from Thai university pay visit to The Post
The Post ink MoU with Incheon Ilbo
Post staff rebuff claims of hacking
Post senior staff out in dispute over article
Business Insider: Post Media shifts focus to digital
On a mission to educate Cambodia
Stepping into the office of Post Khmer editor-in-chief (EIC) Kay Kimsong, one would notice a framed picture of King Norodom Sihamoni on his coronation day,
A letter of congratulations from Minister Khieu Kanharith
The Phnom Penh Post's evolution in the digital age
The Post's co-founder recalls trying, but satisfying times at the helm
Never a dull second: 25 years of momentous events


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Beast Coast - Distance (Official Music Video) - Music Videos Watch Online
Beast Coast - Distance (Official Music Video)
by PRO ERA 1 week ago
See Beast Coast Live on the Escape From New York Tour:
https://www.beastcoastmusic.com/
Dir: Levi Turner
Producer: David Wept
DP: Franklin Ricart
Steadi/Wheels: Calvin Falk
Gaffer: Suki Nojima
1st Ac: Tommy Chan
2nd AC: Jack Layer
Key Grip: Yeo Seok Lee
Technocrane: Scott Buckler
Crane Technician Melissa Gagliardi
Editor Levi Turner
Colorist Alex Jimenez
Super 8 Kenny Shimm and Slick Jackson
Production Coordinator Morian Thomas
Key PA Kenny Shimm
PA Justin Lee Cousins
Production Company AT.LAS
Follow Joey Bada$$
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You are reading in Food: A chemical history – Part of Chemistry
Hide story contents
Chemicals in our food
Quality testing food
Artificial foods
Should we worry about chemicals in our food?
© Manchester Daily Express / Science & Society Picture Library
Chemistry is central to the history of how we produce, store and consume food, from preservation, pesticides and quality testing to artificial additives and substitutes.
And the art of cooking—transforming the qualities of ingredients and how they combine to form new textures and tastes—is itself a chemical process.
This is the story of chemistry's impact on the food on our plate.
Chemical food additives have a long history. In ancient China, paraffin wax was burnt to ripen fruit—this worked because it caused traces of ethylene and propylene to combine with the food. The Egyptians coloured food with saffron, while the Romans added alum (potassium aluminum sulfate) to bread to make it whiter.
The first deliberate use of a food additive was likely salt to preserve foods such as fish and meat, which works by dehydrating the food to limit bacterial growth—but it wasn't until the 19th century that the microbial cause of food spoilage was understood.
In the 17th century, efforts were made to find a new method of food preservation without the need for additives. Robert Boyle—considered one of the pioneers of modern chemistry—led these investigations, experimenting with storing food in air-free containers.
In the very early 19th century, a new preservation technology was developed in response to the military need for preserving food during the Napoleonic wars.
This revolutionary technology was the tin can, which combined sealing food in an air-tight container with heat sterilisation.
Tins gallery
Explore examples of tins used for food preservation from our collection:
Tin can used for the early preservation of food, 1812.
Science Museum Group Collection
Specimens of early tinned food, 1899–1902.
Tin of roast veal manufactured by Donkin, Hall and Gamble for the 1824–1825 expedition in search of the Northwest Passage.
Tin of cocoa used on Scott's Antarctic expedition of 1910.
Empty tin of plum pudding from a Boer War ration pack, 1899–1902.
Empty tin of gravy soup from a Boer War ration pack, 1899–1902 .
Tin of Lyons pure ground coffee, 1910–1930.
NASA tinned butterscotch pudding.
Tins of space food made in collaboration with Heston Blumenthal for Tim Peake's journey to the International Space Station, ALTEC. Italy, 2015. Science Museum Group
Canned food is not without its risks to human health, however. The food inside could become contaminated with lead (early cans were sealed with lead alloys) and tin, which acidic foods like fruits can corrode.
To avoid this problem, some modern cans have plastic linings made from bisphenol-A (BPA)—a now-notorious chemical compound that studies have found interferes with our hormones. Manufacturers have removed BPA from their can linings in recent years in response to these findings.
Food additives in the age of industry
The use of food additives increased dramatically during the Industrial Revolution, with toxic compounds used liberally in factory food production. These ranged from the colouring of Gloucester cheese with red lead to sweets being coloured green with copper arsenite—also used in the wallpaper that may have have been a factor in Napoleon's death.
Sample of red lead formed in a smelting furnace, from Alport Lead Works, Derbyshire.
Science Museum Group More information
As the food processing industry grew and chemists synthesised new artificial thickeners, emulsifiers, colours and flavours, regulatory bodies were formed to control the adulteration of food for human consumption.
Concern about the toxicity and carcinogenicity of additives intensified in the middle of the 20th century, as analytic chemistry made detecting and measuring additives easier.
This soon led to international regulation like the European Union's E-number system for approved additives, introduced in 1962.
Quality testing food (or, How strong is that jelly?)
As well as flavouring, colouring and preserving food, chemists and chemical techniques are also vital to ensuring what food manufacturers produce is consistent.
Many food and drink companies have specialist laboratories, dedicated to both quality testing and research and development.
The first instrument designed specifically for quality control in food manufacture was, perhaps surprisingly, to test the consistency of fruit jelly.
Devised by a German chemist in 1861, the jelly puncture test was soon followed by a series of improved jelly strength testers, as they became called. Driven by the practical concerns of the food industry, jelly testing led to a new field in chemistry concerned with investigating the properties of gelatinous substances.
We have two early jelly strength testers in our collection, which have a rather over-wrought elaborate appearance, not unlike one of Heath Robinson's comic creations.
This example was used at an East London confectionery factory, Bard Brothers, which in the mid-20th century was one of Britain's leading suppliers of fruit jelly.
Jelly tester
Jelly strength tester made by H Hughes and Son, c. 1930s.
Other food and drink manufacturers made use of different equipment.
Horlicks, the company famous for its malted milk substitute product, donated a selection of its laboratory equipment to the Science Museum, after its factory in Slough closed down in 2018.
One of the more unusual instruments from Horlicks was a dipping refractometer—first developed in 1899 by the famous optical company Carl Zeiss. The instrument works, as the name suggests, by dipping a viewing telescope into a liquid sample inside each hole to observe how much light has been refracted.
Horlicks employed this technique to test the concentration of ingredients across different samples of their product.
Horlicks refractometer
Zeiss dipping refractometer used at Horlicks.
Science Museum Group Collection Image source
Vial of margaric acid from a set of chemical preparations associated with Chevreul, 1820–1840.
The invention of artificial substitute foods is a relatively recent enterprise.
Margarine was the first, developed in 1869 as a solution to Napoleon III's desire to find a cheaper alternative to butter—which was in scarce supply—for the working classes.
Its inventor, the French chemist Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès, derived his product from beef tallow, after experimenting with the fatty acid margarique. This had been discovered by his compatriot and fat chemistry pioneer Michel Eugene Chevreul.
Mège-Mouriès sold his patent to the company that would become Unilever, the world's largest producer of margarine.
Although it's chemically white, the margarine we know today is yellow, to imitate the colour of butter. But it hasn't always been so. In the early 20th century laws were passed in several US states that made any colour but pink illegal, so that consumers wouldn't be misled into thinking it was butter.
At around this time, chemists refined the hydrogenation process (introducing hydrogen to turn oils into semi-solid fats) in the production of margarine, leading to the replacement of animal with vegetable fats.
A 1:24 model of a hydrogenation plant used in the manufacture of margarine.
In doing so, margarine became even cheaper. There was also a belief that such unsaturated fats were healthier than the saturated fats of animal products like butter.
As the 20th century wore on, however, mounting evidence linked the trans-unsaturated fat of margarine with heart disease.
Governments and industry responded. Butter substitutes now contain greater amounts of saturated fat, such as palm oil—though there are environmental consequences to this change, caused by the mass deforestation of oil palm trees.
Saccharin tablets, 1970s.
As well as substitute foods like margarine, chemists have also developed substitute ingredients, such as artificial sweeteners.
Saccharin was the first of these, named after the sugar cane genus.
Discovered in 1879 after a chemist noticed a sweet-tasting substance on his hand from experimenting with coal tar derivatives, saccharin is between 300 and 500 times sweeter than sugar.
Its commercial success was driven by the need of people with diabetes (and later dieters) to find a sugar substitute.
But like many chemical additives, there are concerns around the adverse effects of saccharin on health—for decades its use was banned in the USA.
Today we're increasingly concerned about the use of chemical additives or artificial foods, as recent cultural trends have led consumers to seek organic and natural products. Manufacturers have readily exploited this fashion, with labels announcing that products are free from colourings or artificial preservatives.
In many cases, there's little evidence to suggest they are unsafe. There are much greater risks to health from microbial food poisoning, which preservatives help prevent.
Yet we're starting to understand that chemical additives may be adversely impacting our gut flora, which has given rise to the booming biochemical probiotic industry.
As history has shown, chemists, government regulation and medical studies are all symbiotically shaping and changing what we eat.
Kenneth F Kiple (ed.), The Cambridge World History of Food (two volumes), 2000
Harvey Levenstein, Fear of Food: A History of Why We Worry About What We Eat, 2012
Sue Shephard, Pickled, Potted and Canned: How the Art and Science of Food Preserving Changed the World, 2006
Andrew F Smith, Sugar: A Global History, 2015
Deborah Jean Warner, Sweet Stuff: An American History of Sweeteners From Sugar to Sucralose, 2011
99% Invisible, War and Pizza
National Geographic, The Butter Wars: When Margarine Was Pink
Category: Collection Online
Explore objects related to major chemical processes developed in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Food & Drink Industry
Get a glimpse of food and drink processing with objects illustrating key elements of the industry.


FAQ Ceiling Fans - How is Airflow measured?
FAQ Ceiling Fans - How is Airflow measured.
How is the Airflow of a ceiling fans measured?
In the past we did not measure a fans airflow, we just knew from past experience that a 48inch fan would shift a reasonable amount of air for a bedroom, while a bigger 52inch fan shifted more air and was suitable for a master bedroom or living space. We then saw 56inch fans come about which suited alfresco areas and larger living spaces. We also knew from experience that metal blades shifted more air than timber blades so we also took that into account.
Nowadays there are 3 blade, 4 blade and 5 blade fans, Fans with timber blades, ones with metal blades and even plastic moulded blades, not to mention all the different sizes from 900mm fans right up to 2400mm fans so we needed a more accurate way of comparing the fans performance. Fans are now measured in "Cubic meters of air per hour" (cbm/hr), but what does that mean to the ordinary customer?
At Tillys we like to use this as a comparison to explain the airflow measurement. The standard fan that has been sold for many years for bedrooms was a 4 bladed timber fan with a blade size of 1200mm or 48inches. This sized fan more than likely moved about 7,000 - 8,000 cbm/hr. A 52inch (1300mm) model fan of the same design managed a bit more air movement at about 9,000 - 10,000 cbm/hr so this was pretty adequate for a typical bedroom.
We find that any fan with over 10,000 cbm/hr is performing quite well and will suit any living space, and for comparisions sake the largest 1800mm - 2400mm ceiling fans we sell can get up to 24,000 cbm/hr. Hopefully this will help you understand the amount of air you might be looking for in a ceiling fan.


Since 1926, brewing has no longer been a matter of chance at Bénifontaine, but rather is an art which has been passed down from generation to generation. From microbrewery to family business, Castelain Brewery has had a loyal following thanks to its artisanal beers and its respect for tradition. Thoroughness, patience, authenticity: these have been the key words for Castelain bières de garde and seasonal beers since the creation of the brewery.


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Watch the Trailer for the Upcoming HBO Documentary Regarding Susan Sontag
By Eliza Berman
In Susan Sontag's last published book, Regarding the Pain of Others, she wrote about how humans remember: "To remember is, more and more, not to recall a story, but to be able to call up a picture." A new picture, in this case a moving picture, will premiere on HBO on Dec. 8, remembering the writer, activist and critic herself. Regarding Susan Sontag, titled in homage to her final work, will weave together interviews, footage and readings from Sontag's prolific body of work.
Directed by Nancy Kates and honored with a Special Jury Mention at the Tribeca Film Festival, Regarding Susan Sontag explores the life of a woman often considered one of this country's greatest public intellectuals, and — as a voice in the trailer asserts — "the most intelligent woman in America." Sontag wrote because she saw it as "a way of paying attention to the world." She visited war-torn regions because, in her words, "I think it's my duty to be in as much contact with reality as I can be, and war is a tremendous reality in our world."
Many have missed Sontag's dissenting voice since her death in 2004. The frequency with which she visited topics like pain, human rights, war and violence suggest she'd have much to contribute to the conversations that whirl around us today and every day. Absent that, at least we have a documentary.
Write to Eliza Berman at eliza.berman@time.com.


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Role of Curli Fimbriae
Role of Curli Fimbriae in Attachment of Shiga toxin-producing and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (STEC and EHEC) on Raw and Ready-to-eat Beef Products
Principle Investigator(s):
Jinru Chen, Ph.D.
Institution(s):
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a group of important foodborne pathogens that are associated with severe enteric and systematic diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (Fey et al., 2000; Karmali, 1989; Sussman, 1997). Outbreaks of EHEC infection have been linked to the consumption of undercooked ground beef as well as ready-to-eat beef products, such as salami (Blanco et al., 1996; CDC, 1995; Duffy et al., 2000). Contamination of beef in the processing environment can occur at any stage from slaughtering to packaging. A survey conducted in the Northwestern regions of the U.S. revealed that the prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 in pre-eviscerated, post-eviscerated, and post-processed beef carcasses was 43% (148 of 341), 18% (59 of 332), and 2% (6 of 330), respectively (Elder et al., 2000).
EHEC attachment to meat as well as to other surfaces is a complex process that can be influenced by the properties of both EHEC cells and their contact surfaces. Cells of EHEC express curli, a thin, wiry, and aggregative surface appendage (Cookson et al., 2002; Prigent-Combaret et al., 2000; 2001; Vidal et al., 1998), which appears as a ~ 4-12 nm protein fiber under a transmission electron microscope (Chapman et al., 2002; Olsen et al., 1989). Over-expressed curli often forms an interconnecting mesh between EHEC cells. Curli expression in E. coli can be induced by low osmotic condition, nutritional starvation, and lower than optimal growth temperatures (Olsen et al., 1989; 1993).
Curli enables E. coli to adhere to fibronectin, laminin, and plasminogen (Arnqvist et al., 1992; Gophna et al., 2001; Olsen et al., 1993; Sjobring et al., 1994). These proteins are present in the connective and adipose tissues between the skin and the skeletal tissues of animals. Curli expression in E. coli is controlled by two divergently transcribed operons, csgBA and csgDEFG. The csgA encodes a major subunit of curli protein while the csgB encodes a cell surface protein, which acts as a nucleator for CsgA monomer and is responsible for polymerization of curli fimbriae (Hammar et al., 1995; Bian and Normark, 1997). The CsgD is a transcriptional activator necessary for curli expression, and CsgG is an outer membrane lipoprotein involved in extracellular stabilization of CsgA and CsgB (Loferer et al., 1997). The CsgE and CsgF are chaperone-like and act as a nucleator protein, respectively. Both proteins are required for proper nucleation of CsgA on CsgB (Chapman et al., 2002).
The stated objectives for this work were:
To investigate the distribution of the curli subunit gene (csgA) and the expression of curli fimbriae in STEC and EHEC;
To determine the rate of curli expression on beef-based microbiological media at various incubation temperatures;
To identify genetic modifications that convert curli-producing to non curli-producing cells or vice versa; and
To determine the role of curli in attachment of STEC and EHEC on raw and ready-to-eat beef products
To view the complete Project Summary, click the Download button above.
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what is fashion Sept. 28, 2018
Fashion at a Time Like This
By Emilia Petrarca@emiliapetrarca
Photo: BERTRAND GUAY/AFP/Getty Images
Fashion happens faster than ever these days. Each week, we attempt to make sense of it in a column called, "What Is Fashion?"
Being a woman in America often requires the use of multiple tabs. On Thursday morning, my personal browser felt particularly disparate. As I sat at my desk, glued to my computer screen, I had one window open to the livestream of Judge Brett Kavanaugh's Supreme Court Confirmation hearing, in which Professor Christine Blasey Ford testified that he had sexually assaulted her in high school. And another open to a long-overdue draft about a fashion trend I'd noticed on the spring 2019 runways in Paris and Milan. Needless to say, I was having trouble finishing it.
Here was the idea: Designers think we should flaunt our underwear in public next season. In fact, underwear should be the focal point of an outfit, and maybe even the only thing you need to wear. (Yeah, I know.) It's not a new idea, but during New York Fashion Week, Rihanna made a great case for this with her Savage x Fenty show. The model Slick Woods, who was nine months pregnant at the time, even went into labor immediately following — it was that exciting.
Rihanna's Fenty x Savage Spring 2019 show. Photo: Ruvan Wijesooriya
Meanwhile, in Europe, girly punk Prada women walked the runway in unflattering white tighty-whities, which were worn under nothing but sheer black evening dresses. At Gucci, men wore bedazzled jockstraps and underwear inspired by the Birth of Venus over their suits. And at Dries Van Noten, the slightest hint of neon briefs could be seen through breezy, floral-print caftans. In the world of fashion, three is all you need for evidence of a trend.
Wearing your underwear on the outside is an obvious provocation designers have used for decades — one Miuccia Prada is particularly fond of. It's a way of playing with sexuality, and of deliberately gesturing at the gap between how clothes are styled on the runway and how women wear them in real life. Designers, at least if they're smart, want us to consider how we might bridge that gap, and that's where the fun comes in.
But in the face of Thursday's events, even thinking about any of this felt pointless and borderline offensive. How could I suggest that women walk out the door with their underwear showing at the same time that Dr. Ford was asked to relive her most private trauma in front of the world? It felt wrong to even write about clothes at all, especially as my colleagues worked tirelessly to cover every aspect of what actually happened during the hearing. On Twitter, Vanessa Friedman of the Times said, quite understandably, that she was going to refrain from sharing photos of Paris Fashion Week for the rest of the day.
The timing was definitely bad, but I was conflicted. Reality holds fashion accountable, and by divorcing the two, we only further allow ourselves to exist in a bubble. I also don't actually believe that fashion is so shallow and meaningless that it must be shunned during dark times. Some people look to TV, music, novels; I look to fashion when I need help making sense of things, or a sense of direction. In theory, this whole month is dedicated to thinking critically about what women want and need in the future. It's about moving forward, and that's not nothing.
Fashion is always political in its own way, even when it fails to engage with politics. And sometimes, the runway can be a good platform for progress. Kerby Jean-Raymond of Pyer Moss makes explicit political statements about the African-American experience season after season. Others brands offer some respite in the form of exuberant color (Dries Van Noten), or avant-garde fantasy (Comme des Garçons), and that can be helpful, too. Meanwhile, Rick Owens just set everything on fire.
Prada spring 2019. Photo: Victor VIRGILE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images
Of course fashion's powers are limited. A lot of designers this season lacked a substantive vision or missed the mark. John Galliano's show for Martin Margiela on Wednesday, for example, was part of a larger fragrance campaign selling the scent of "mutiny," which felt forced. (According to his podcast, the revolution smells like tuberose and orange, with a hint of cocoa.) Fashion Week is not going to solve our problems or change anyone's mind. But if used correctly — as a form of art that works to enrich, not discriminate or dupe — it can be a joy. Why should we deny ourselves that?
What I'm trying to say is: I loved that Prada look. It was funny, yet dared you to laugh. It didn't seek to please anyone but the wearer (those undies are not cute) — and a woman pleasing herself feels provocative to me right now. Mrs. Prada is a master at capturing these dualities. Her woman is not defined by one point of view or experience, but many at once. She is not the male fantasy of a passive-yet-sexual woman in lingerie. She is a person who wears underwear, like all of us, and she has chosen, through her own agency, to show us her white granny panties. Why? This is underwear that makes you think about the brain and the body of the woman who's wearing it.
The dissonance between watching Kavanaugh's hearing and seeing what designers were sending down the runway was a mind fuck. In the morning, I wanted to switch careers. But by the end of the day, I was ready to consider anything, even spring trends, as a possible path forward. What if we read all these undergarments as a confrontation? As a refusal to hide any longer? Or a cry for some real honesty? Of course, I'm not going to show up to work on Monday in my underwear, and I don't expect anyone else to, either. But I do like the idea of forcing the world to reckon with every layer of my existence; all my tabs.
what is fashion
paris fashion week spring 2019


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1958 Buick Series 700 Limited Convertible
Acquired 2007
Finished in "Carlsbad Black" with contrasting red "Cape Buffalo" leather interior and flawless chrome, the exquisite example displayed in Ken's collection represents the pinnacle of luxury and styling excess of the 50's era automobile. Only 839 Limited Convertibles were ever produced. Today less than two-dozen of them are known to exist. To find this special drop top, Ken wrote letters to 25 different members of a national Buick club. He asked if anyone had one and was willing to sell. Only one owner responded to say he was ready and willing to part with his Limited convertible. "He owned it for 21 years," Nagel said. "He wanted to restore it but never did." As part of the deal, the seller included $10,000 worth of hard to find, new old stock parts he had been collecting.
Ken Immediately commissioned Bob Kuehn Auto Body in Stanton, NE to undertake the restoration. Known for his painstaking attention to even the most minute detail, taking care to disassemble every nut, bolt and screw and recondition or replace with NOS parts, Bob and his master craftsmen took three years to complete the stunning restoration. This masterpiece of automotive history and art has gone on to win awards from some of the most prestigious Concours d'Elegance events in the country.
Perhaps no other industry is more reflective of the times than the automotive industry. And in the 50's, perhaps no other car was more reflective of the industry than the 1958 Buick 700 Series Limited Convertible. Millions of ex service personnel returning to civilian life after WW II spawned a fast growth economy that responded by producing record numbers of houses and automobiles. The celebration after WW II was described by some as the era of "wretched excess" and it was coming to an end. The "fabulous fifties" were giving way to the "sensible sixties".
Buick sales were suffering due to the economy and internal quality control issues. Buick was in dire need of rejuvenation and The Limited was to be car that would rebuild the image and bring back the sales. Limited was revived in 1958 by GM President, Harlo Curtice after it was dropped in 1942. Curtice, the former design chief at Buick had his efforts to establish the Limited model as a competitor to Cadillac torpedoed and now was the time to bring it back.
The re-launch of the Limited model also marked the end of an era at Buick. Harley Earl, GM's styling director for more than 30 years, retired that year. So did corporate president Harlow "Red" Curtice, followed shortly thereafter by Buick chief Ed Ragsdale. A new team, with a new outlook, would be responsible for guiding General Motors' oldest division successfully into the Sixties.
Buick knew that radical changes would have to be made if the 1958 models were to have any chance of achieving widespread acceptance. Because it was much too late to bring about a major modification of the basic body contours, the 1958 Buick Limited restyling efforts had to revolve around superficial changes in trim. As reintroduced for 1958, the Limited was basically an upgraded Roadmaster, but with an extended rear deck decorated by chromed chevrons on the fenders. Convertibles sported fine imported "Cape Buffalo" leather in a wide variety of colors.
Cosmetically outrageous styling was evident in every aspect of the Limited's appearance. The rear window was an unbroken expanse of glass. "Mouseholes," officially known as "ventiports," disappeared. A new "Fashion-Aire Dynastar" grille dominated the front end. It consisted of 160 chrome-plated squares, each designed with four triangular concave surfaces calculated to reflect a maximum amount of light. They had quad headlamps with broad chrome rear quarter side panels, a unique Limited "Twin-Tower" wraparound tail lamp lenses enclosed in chrome housings and rear bumper 'Dagmars' housing 'Dual Jet' back-up lamps. Brightwork was liberally applied. For the first time, a Buick looked more like a "Wurlitzer on wheels" than a car. One admirer referred to it as "The Rhinestone Cowboy." "The Chrome Goddess" had more Chrome and Stainless than any other car ever produced! Perhaps the 1958 Buick overdid it, but this was after all the era of high-flying tail fins and three-tone color schemes.
The wheelbase measured the same 125.5 inches as the Roadmaster, but the rear overhang stretched out an extra eight inches, bringing the overall length to just under 19 feet! With prices over $5,000, they were more expensive than most Cadillac models.
Power was from a 364 cubic-inch V8 engine using a 10.1:1 compression ratio and four-barrel carburetor delivering 300 horsepower, exactly the same as Ford's new four-place Thunderbird!
Along with all the luxury, glamour and glitter came some problems. A revised automatic transmission debuted for 1958: Flight-Pitch Dynaflow. (Known in later years as the "triple turbine" transmission.) An enormously complicated mechanism, it proved to be very expensive to produce. Buick is said to have spent $86 million just on tooling for it. With a maximum stall ratio of 4.5:1, the Flight Pitch relied entirely on hydraulic multiplication throughout the car's speed range, resulting in almost incredible smoothness. On the downside, however, it lacked the quick response of Hydra-Matic, and slippage was such that it proved to be wasteful of fuel.
If the Flight Pitch transmission proved to be less than an unqualified success, Buick's other engineering tour de force for 1958 rated as a total disaster. This was the optional Air Poise suspension, actually a Cadillac development, which all General Motors divisions offered that year. The system consisted of individual air bellows, replacing the conventional coil springs at all four corners. Air was fed to the bellows from a supply tank that maintained sufficient pressure by means of a small engine-driven compressor.
In theory, Air Poise was supposed to provide a softer and quieter ride than the coil springs, though the claim is questionable. It did, however, keep the car at a constant level stance regardless of load and operating conditions. At least, that's what it did when it worked properly. Owners soon discovered, however, that Air Poise often developed leaks that sometimes left the car sitting on its axles. Motor Trend complained about excessive wheel-hop, bottoming out on sharp dips and too much heeling-over in turns.
At $188, Air Poise never became a particularly popular option, which is just as well, since many buyers found it necessary to convert their cars to coil springs later. Note: Ken's car was originally fitted with the Air Poise system. He has since converted to the conventional suspension but has retained and stored the original Air Poise components.
Test-driving a 1958 Buick Super equipped with the Flight-Pitch transmission, Don Francisco of Motor Trend magazine experienced "extreme slippage somewhere between the engine and the rear wheels. Engine speed went up with the throttle movement, but the car didn't accelerate as it should have. "To get the car moving fast enough to keep up with normal traffic it was necessary to push the throttle to the floor, where the converter ratio changed to a still lower pitch." Gas mileage averaged 11.3 mpg highway, 8.5 city. Altogether, Francisco found the car to be "a disappointing experience." In summarizing, he wrote, "These cars are for mink and dinner jackets, not slacks and Levis; they are for driving to dinner and the theatre, not for beating across town during rush hours." And that is, no doubt, exactly the way Buick intended things to be. The image the company sought to project was one of comfort and luxury, not of all out performance.
Don Francisco pulled no punches in offering his assessment of the 1958 Buicks: "In 1957, Buick lost their third place sales position to Plymouth," he recalled, adding prophetically that "if the performance of the 1958 Buicks I tested can be used as a yardstick, they are apt to lose another position or two this year."
Unfortunately, Francisco's prediction was right on the money. Buicks sold poorly in 1958, resulting in a fifth place finish in the model year production race, one notch lower than the year before. Given all the factors - the state of the economy, the Limited's very high price, Buick's tarnished reputation, and the styling excesses of the 1958 models - it hardly comes as a surprise that the Limited lasted for only one season.
The Limited may not have saved Buick's tarnished image in 1958 but it was certainly regarded as the high water mark of flamboyant luxury of its time.
2011 March, World Of Wheels, Omaha Ne., Best Restoration
2011 July 17, AACA 1st Place Lake Forest Show
2012 Geneva Concours d'Elegance Carl Benz Award
2014 MCACN, Rosemont, IL
2015 Milwaukee Masterpiece Concours d'Elegance Aug. 23. Best of Show
2016 Keenland Concours d'Elegance Winner American, Open 1950-1975
2018 Cincinnati Concours d'Elegance June 10th, Best of Class
1958 Buick Limited Options
Price New: $5,125.00
Wheelbase: 127.5 Inches
Length: 227.1 Inches
Weight: 4,710
Engine: OHV V-8 364 Cubic Inch 300 Horse Power
Wonderbar Radio
http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/default.aspx?carID=18636&i=2#menu
1958 Buick Series 700 Limited Specifications
Production Years for Series
4710 lbs | 2136.42 kg
Hydraulic valve lifters
Aspiration/Induction
364.0 cu in. | 6.0 L.
HP to Weight Ratio
15.7 LB / HP
HP / Liter
50.3 BHP / Liter
Gasoline - Petrol
1 2-barrel carburetor
Standard Transmission
Flight Pitch Dynaflow
Production Figures
Total Buick Production for 1958
Limited Production (1958-1958)
Total production of Series 700 Limited for 1958
2-Door Hardtops
Convertible Coupes
The 1958 Buick Series 700 Limited is powered by a normally carbureted V8 engine that displaces 364 cu in. It produces 300.00 HP at 4600.00 RPM.


I'm planning on starting University academic year 2009/2010, but really could do with finding out how much support is available to me by applying.
Does anybody know when abouts SLC will be accepting applications for this year in question?
It looks like they are opening them in September for that year. This is a new thing as normally they don't open until March. If you go to : www.studentfinanceengland.co.uk it should tell you more information.
Hey, thanks for the heads-up, good info.


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The men's K-2 1000 metres event was a pairs kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme on Lake Sagami, Japan.

The preliminary heats were held on 20 October 1964; 16 pairs entered and were split into two heats of 8 each.  The top three placers in each heat advanced to the semifinal, while the remaining eight crews (2 had withdrawn without starting in the heats) had to compete in repechage heats held the same day.  There were two repechage heats and three kayakers to advance from each, resulting in two pairs being eliminated in the repechages.  Three semifinals, each with four kayakers, were held, with the top three in each heat to advance to the final and three more pairs eliminated. The final was held on 22 October.

Medalists

Results

Heats

The 16 crews first raced in two heats on 20 October.  The top three finishers from each of the heats advanced directly to the semifinals; two were eliminated due to not starting, and the remaining 8 teams were relegated to the repechage heats.

Repechages

Three of the four competitors in each of the two repechages advanced to the semifinals.

Semifinals

The top three finishers in each of the three semifinals (raced on 21 October) advanced to the final.  All other teams were eliminated.

Final

The final was held on 22 October.

References
1964 Summer Olympics official report Volume 2, Part 1. p. 247.
Sports-reference.com 1964 K-2 1000 m results.

Men's K-2 1000
Men's events at the 1964 Summer Olympics


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Analog Diary, People and Place
People and Place
'Five frames with the Olympus Trip 35, a look back at images captured with the endearing and iconic 35mm compact'
The Olympus Trip 35, a 35mm compact camera manufactured by Olympus, was introduced in 1967 and stayed in production until 1984. Targeted towards people who wanted a compact, functional camera for holidays or family snapshots, the camera was the subject of an advertising campaign featuring a popular British photographer David Bailey.
The Olympus Trip 35 is fitted with a D.Zuiko 40mm F2.8 lens and it does not need a battery to operate. The camera is powered by a selenium light meter, comes with two shutter speeds, 1/40 and 1/200 second, and two exposure settings, 'A' for Program automatic, and a manual aperture opening selection for shots at the lower 1/40 second, the setting for flash photography.
In Program automatic mode, the camera will choose either a shutter speed of 1/40 or 1/200 second, matched to an aperture range from F2.8 to F16. The film ISO setting is from 25 to 400 for later models which come with a black shutter release button, and 25 to 200 for earlier models that have a chrome silver shutter release button.
Focusing is by a zone system with four distance icons set for portrait, shoulder shot, group, and landscape. The distance icon is visible through the viewfinder via a small sub-window located just below the image frame. Flash is used in manual mode with a preset aperture opening.
The mainstay of the camera is undoubtfully its four-element in three-groups Tessar lens which is acknowledged as very impressive. The lens is capable of giving you sharp high-quality images with good mid-tone contrast and natural colors. Just as endearing is the use of the selenium photocell, which is even capable of getting a correct exposure under bright fluorescent light, without a flash.
Over its production run, more than 10 million units of the camera were produced and sold.
Labels: #AnalogDiary, Analog Diary, Olympus, Trip 35
Street Wide, From the Hip
Analog Diary, A Do-it-all 35mm SLR Camera Kit
Digital Moments, Cropped Close-Ups I


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Anaheim Ducks Retired Numbers
Chance Kosinski
EAST RUTHERFORD, NJ - JUNE 9: Paul Kariya #9 of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim looks to pass against the New Jersey Devils in game seven of the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals at Continental Airlines Arena on June 9, 2003 in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Devils defeated the Ducks 3-0 to win the Stanley Cup. (Photo by Dave Sandford/Getty Images/NHLI)
On July 9th, the Anaheim Ducks announced that they will be retiring two players' numbers as part of the 25th anniversary season celebrations. Paul Kariya and Scott Niedermayer's respective numbers will be immortalized in the rafters above Honda Center next to Teemu Selanne. There is someone else who may be more deserving that is being left out.
Two franchise icons, immortalized and celebrated forever. #Ducks25 pic.twitter.com/dVTySVT69K
— Anaheim Ducks (@AnaheimDucks) July 9, 2018
Ducks Retired Numbers: The Tale of Two Captains
The two men have met on the ice as part of the biggest show in hockey. In 2003, Paul Kariya led his Mighty Ducks to the first Stanley Cup Final in club history. They went up against Scott Niedermayer and his New Jersey Devils. The Devils were lead by legendary goaltender Martin Brodeur. Both men are no doubt deserving to have their numbers retired.
Paul Kariya
Paul Kariya, the first real superstar the Mighty Ducks had on the ice. He was unstoppable during his time with the Ducks. He came onto the roster and immediately lead the Ducks in goals and points in his rookie season and was edged out of the Calder Memorial Trophy for rookie of the year by another legend in the making, Peter Forsberg.
Throughout the rest of his time in Anaheim, he played in two all-star games, never scored less than 25 goals when he was healthy for a full season. Breaking the 30, 40 and 50 goal plateaus in his nine seasons with the Ducks. After the heartbreaking 2003 Stanley Cup Final loss, he promised the Ducks and their fans a return trip to the finals the following season. He never made good on that promise, instead choosing to sign with the Colorado Avalanche that very off-season. His departure left many Ducks fans angry and upset. He finished his career in 2011 after stops in Nashville and St. Louis.
Scott Niedermayer
Scott Niedermayer signed with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in 2005 with one goal in mind. Winning the Stanley Cup with his brother Rob Niedermayer. He had a good first season with the Ducks, scoring 63 points while being named to the NHL first-team all-star team and making it to the Western Conference Final but ultimately falling to the Edmonton Oilers. In the 2006-07 season, he was joined by Chris Pronger and that was the winning combination. They defeated the Ottawa Senators in five games to win the cup and fulfilling his goal of winning the Stanley Cup with his brother. He continued to play with the Ducks until the end of the 2009-10 season. He has been a part of the Ducks organization since his retirement as a consultant and later a special teams coach.
TUNE IN: Scott Niedermayer will be on @NHLNetwork at 4:40 p.m. PT to talk about his jersey retirement and more! pic.twitter.com/XUDOMiXVQu
— Anaheim Ducks (@AnaheimDucks) July 12, 2018
Who deserves it more?
Both men clearly deserve the honour, they both lead the team to the Finals. Niedermayer was successful in both appearances. Kariya regained some fan appreciation in recent years. Who deserves his number to be retired as much as, if not more then both of these men? Jean-Sebastian Giguere. Giguere was in the crease for both appearances, winning the Conn Smythe Trophy for playoff MVP in 2003. He stuck with the Ducks while they found themselves, didn't abandon ship when it got hard and left everything on the ice.
This is not to say that Niedermayer and Kariya don't deserve to have their numbers retired but Giggy may deserve it more. Kariya didn't fulfill his promise to lead the team back to the finals. He didn't even try and went to Colorado instead. Niedermayer was definitely a missing piece of the puzzle but he didn't struggle with the Ducks. He walked onto a team that was missing a few pieces and helped fill those holes. Giggy was there for it all. His performances and career in Anaheim are worthy of being remembered and honoured as well.
Main Photo: EAST RUTHERFORD, NJ – JUNE 9: Paul Kariya #9 of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim looks to pass against the New Jersey Devils in game seven of the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals at Continental Airlines Arena on June 9, 2003, in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Devils defeated the Ducks 3-0 to win the Stanley Cup. (Photo by Dave Sandford/Getty Images/NHLI)
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The Wire Walked by Anaheim Ducks Head Coach Dallas Eakins
NHL Rumours: Toronto Maple Leafs, Anaheim Ducks, Carolina Hurricanes
A Look Back at the Anaheim Ducks Decade: Part Two
NHL Rumours: New Jersey Devils, Anaheim Ducks, Alex Galchenyuk
A Look Back at the Anaheim Ducks Decade: Part One


• Powered and unpowered tools can cause serious injury.
• Sharpen any bladed tools. Dull tools can be more dangerous than sharp ones.
• Follow the instructions and perform all recommended maintenance.
• Check online and with the manufacturer for equipment recalls.
• While using the equipment, focus on the task at hand. Look for hazards, such as rocks and other debris that could be thrown, injuring you or someone else.
• When using powered machinery, wear eye protection, long pants, and sturdy shoes.
• Wear earplugs while the machine is running. If you cannot hear someone speaking at a normal voice within arm's length, the sound may be harmful.
• While working, always wear gloves to protect yourself from harmful plants, cuts, and chemicals.
• Apply insect repellant containing DEET to keep away disease causing mosquitos and ticks. Permethrin can also be applied to clothing for additional protection. Wear long pants and sleeves if temperature permits. High boots can also help since ticks are usually closer to the ground.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat, and high SPF sunscreen on exposed skin to avoid sunburn.
• Be mindful of your limits and how you feel.
• Some factors make people more susceptible to the effects of heat, including: under 4 and over 65 years of age, certain medical conditions, and medications. If in doubt, talk to your doctor.
• Signs of heat-related illness include: headache, muscle soreness, breathlessness, rapid pulse, nausea, dizziness, and confusion.
• Drink water often, especially if you are sweating a lot.
• Take regular breaks in the shade, and don't push yourself too hard.


text:
Q: Question incorrectly closed as duplicate Again, I believe my question about string concat was incorrectly closed as Duplicate.
Why?
As stated in the comments:

In fairness, that is definitely not a duplicate question - it focuses on why StringBuilder is faster than separate string concatenations, not on this specific question on why the alternative syntax also works on StringBuilder and whether the two are functionally identical. Also, there's some stuff in that other topic that isn't entirely true. In a well-prepared case multiple concatenations will never outperform StringBuilder, if you select it's initial capacity correctly with the alternative constructor.

On the top of my question I can read:

And then go see the duplicate question and read:

I know the obvious performance advantage to using the StringBuilder is in C#

Well I don't know them and it's kind of the point of my question. Can someone take a few seconds to look at it?

A: The answers for the duplicate question answers your question, even if the two questions are slightly different.
Your question is whether you should use string concatenation or a stringbuilder, when, and why, and that's exactly what the answers in the other questions answer.  The OP of that other question is asking for something more in depth, yes, but the answers don't assume much in the way of previous knowledge of the subject on the reader.
Since the answers answer your question, even though the questions are a bit different, closing it as a duplicate is appropriate.

A: Note the text:

This question already has an answer here:

And note the beginning of the highest upvoted and accepted answer:

Short answer: StringBuilder is appropriate in cases where...

And your question, for reference:

Should I use append line or += [duplicate]

This is correct.
Now that being said, I don't actually know what to do about the original question.  I edited its title to more precisely reflect the question being asked.  Then it ends with "As a sidenote..." which is frowned upon and puts it in NARQ territory.  But then the accepted answer doesn't answer the question at all and answers your question.  Honestly the best thing to do is probably heavily revise the question to match the accepted answer, so if someone tries to ask the question's actual question they don't refer to this one, which has no answer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Under Senator Bucco's 2016 law, a person is eligible to be appointed as a Class Three special law enforcement officer if he or she is a retired police officer less than 65 years old and has served as duly qualified, fully-trained, full-time municipal or county police officer or was regularly employed as a full-time member of the State Police.
The bill signed on March 18, 2019 by Governor Murphy (A-1400/S-3245) widens the definition of Class Three officers to include any law enforcement position eligible for participation in the Police and Firemen's Retirement System, including retired officers who have served in federal or bi-state agencies, such as the Port Authority.
In order to be a Class Three officer, a person also has to be physically capable of performing the job and have the appropriate law enforcement and safe schools resource officer training.
Class Three officers may only be employed to assist municipal police departments and are not to be employed to replace or substitute for full-time police officers. They may only be hired in a part-time capacity, and can serve at any public or nonpublic school in New Jersey, including vo-techs and county college.
When tragedy strikes, minutes can mean the difference between a life saved & a life lost. That's why it's so important to have a class 3 officer on school grounds.


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Mugshot of Timothy Lenigar Provided via The Athens County Prosecutor's Office
10.08.20 / 10:21 am
Man arrested after grand jury indicts him of six counts of rape
Ian McKenzie
Prosecutors and investigators with the Athens County Prosecutor's Office arrested a man Friday after a grand jury that charged him with six counts of rape.
Timothy Lenigar, 34, was arrested at a McDonald's in Rio Grande and was taken into custody.
The grand jury's indictment charges that Lenigar victimized three children.
The first allegation occurred between November and December of 2004, according to a press release from the Athens County Prosecutor's Office. Another child was allegedly raped two times between January and May of 2005. Two of the three counts involving the third child happened between July 2014 and April 2020.
The incidents happened in The Plains and Jackson County.
Lenigar was taken to the Gallia County Sheriff's Office and then was transported to the Southeastern Ohio Regional Jail, awaiting his arraignment on Monday, according to the news release.
@ian__mckenzie
im581017@ohio.edu
More from The Post:
Police Blotter: Man shoots at tree; woman dies from troubled breathing


Seeking responsible and reliable person with own transportation and can pay bills on time. No illegal drugs tolerated. Nonsmoking but mild drinking is okay. This is a safe, quiet, laid back atmosphere. Marta bus stop right across the street, 15 minutes from Airport, Community Park nearby, Turner Field within walking distance, and not too far from Atlantic Station! 1 bedroom furnished, bathroom (guest bathroom w/shower, responsible for damages to premises that visitors or renter may incur.
Rent this room at $625 includes utilities, rent is paid in certified funds or money orders on the 1st of the month, and is considered late after the 3rd.


The first six months of our daughter's life were anything but typical. When she was two hours old, our doctor sat down in front of us with a pile of papers and a concerned look, telling us x-rays had shown Emily's right femur to be significantly shorter than her left, most likely the result of a condition called Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency. It was the first we had ever heard of this. Of all the things we worried about before the birth of our first child, this wasn't even on the list.
He never tried to sell us on how quick or easy this would be. He only told us what he knew he could accomplish. He would get our daughter's legs to equal length. We were in.
We are fortunate for so many reasons. With a solid hip and a strong femur, Emily's condition is certainly more favorable than most. We found a doctor who is quite literally the best in the world at what he does. He has a team in place that is informed, experienced, friendly and helpful.
None of that changes the fact that trips to West Palm Beach, some for as long as four months, can be difficult. When she is going through one of her three leg lengthenings, Emily must battle through daily physical therapy which any parent will tell you is stressful for everyone.
But when our daughter is a teenager, standing confidently on "her own" two equal legs, I truly believe everyone in our family will be able to say that it was completely worth it.


Intensive therapy is a minimum of 3 hours a day with your therapists, one on one. Don't worry, we break those 3 hours up through out the day into different sessions with rest time in between.
We are an acute inpatient rehab, average stay ranges from 7-24 days.
What type of insurance do we accept?
We accept Medicare, Medicaid Bayou Health Plans, and Private insurances.
Yes we do! We can pick you and your luggage up and/or return you home after your stay is complete!
Who all do we have on staff?
We have a medical director that is experienced in rehabilitation that will follow you throughout your stay along with RN's, CNA's, physical therapist, occupational therapists, speech therapists, social worker, dietary, and an administrative staff.
What do you do to find out if you or your loved one qualify?
Call us at (318) 654-8300! We will be happy to assist you in beginning your physical recovery process! We will be glad to answer any questions or concerns you may have. Also, feel free to come by and take a tour of the facility and meet our staff!
If you have any questions please feel free to contact us. We will answer your questions as quickly as possible. We look forward to hearing from you!!


text:
Golden Spin of Zagreb (; ) é uma competição internacional de patinação artística no gelo de nível sênior, na cidade de Zagreb, Croácia. A competição é disputada desde 1967, e faz parte do calendário do Challenger Series desde a temporada 2014–15.

Edições

Legenda

Lista de medalhistas

Sênior

Individual masculino

Individual feminino

Duplas

Dança no gelo

Júnior

Individual masculino júnior

Individual feminino júnior

Duplas júnior

Dança no gelo júnior


We love to try the newest hot spots in Charlotte, which is easy with a few popping up every week.
Here are a few of my go-to juicing recipes to get anyone started at juicing!
Below are the BEST & most memorable meals I've had in Charlotte.


text:
Prosecutors In Georgia Make A Pact Not To Prosecute Women Who Get Abortions
@eb454
Source: AP Photo/Silvia Izquierdo
Now that Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp (R) signed the heartbeat bill into law, which would prevent women from obtaining abortions after six weeks, district attorneys in the Atlanta metro area have made a pact: they will not prosecute women who decide to have an abortion. The only exception to the new abortion law is if a mother's health is at risk, or a police report is on file showing rape or incest took place.
"DA Howard has no intention of ever prosecuting a woman under this new law," Chris Hopper, director of public affairs for Fulton County District Attorney Paul Howard, told 11 Alive News.
"… this office will not be prosecuting any women under the new law as long as I'm District Attorney," Gwinnett County District Attorney Danny Porter said.
DeKalb County District Attorney Sherry Boston shared similar sentiments, saying she plans to uphold Roe v. Wade, the landmark Supreme Court decision that made abortion legal in the United States.
"This law obviously sets out to criminalize abortion in the State of Georgia. The question is – who will be held criminally responsible? The law, as written, is either silent or ambiguous, at best, on this question," Boston said in a statement.
"As a woman and mother, I am concerned about the passage and attempted passage of laws such as this one in Georgia, Alabama, and other states," she wrote. "I believe it is a woman's right to make decisions regarding her own body and medical care, including, but not limited to, seeking an abortion, as upheld by the United States Supreme Court."
Cobb County District Attorney John Melvin told CBS 46 he would "absolutely not" charge women who seek to have an abortion but he would look at prosecuting abortion providers on a case-by-case basis.
Under the new law, women cannot be prosecuted for receiving an abortion but providers can face criminal charges.
Editor's note: additional details have been added to this article to clear up DA Melvin's position on prosecution.
heartbeat bill


On 5 February, Kevan spoke in the debate on the Police Grant Report. This is how Parliament approves the central police funding allocation for each force every financial year.
"Since 2010—under the Liberal Democrat-Tory coalition and under this Government—Durham has lost 370 officers and 22% of its budget. According to the National Audit Office, that means that it has lost more than any other provincial force.


text:
Зізелен () — громада  в Швейцарії в кантоні Берн, адміністративний округ Зееланд.

Географія
Громада розташована на відстані близько 22 км на північний захід від Берна.
Зізелен має площу 5,5 км², з яких на 7,1% дозволяється будівництво (житлове та будівництво доріг), 74,1% використовуються в сільськогосподарських цілях, 18,3% зайнято лісами, 0,5% не є продуктивними (річки, льодовики або гори).

Демографія

2019 року в громаді мешкало 603 особи (+5,8% порівняно з 2010 роком), іноземців було 12,6%. Густота населення становила 109 осіб/км².
За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 17,4% — особи молодші 20 років, 59,4% — особи у віці 20—64 років, 23,2% — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Було 264 помешкань (у середньому 2,3 особи в помешканні).
Із загальної кількості 211 працюючого 66 було зайнятих в первинному секторі, 68 — в обробній промисловості, 77 — в галузі послуг.

Примітки

Громади Берну


As you may or may not know (until now), IRS Commissioner John Koskinen shared some daunting news with US Tax Payers, in early January of this year. Some refund checks, especially those that are to be issued in connection with submitted "paper" returns, rather than filed electronically, could be delayed for an average of 8 weeks, depending on filing method! The overwhelming amount of budget cuts mean that overburdened employees won't be able to issue tax refunds as quickly.
Many taxpayers, upset at the delay, may consider offers to get their refund money sooner by way of other sources sources, such as short time loans with no prepayment penalty. In recent years, this has become a growing trend as Americans rely more and more on their tax refunds to cover necessary expenses.
E-Returns. Forego the paper return sent via the U.S. mail and file from your computer. You'll get the money much faster. You may not even need to pay for anything. The IRS has partnered with selected tax preparers and software companies to offer free online tax preparation and e-filing to some taxpayers. For the 2015 filing season, the Free File program is available to individuals with adjusted gross income of $60,000 or less.
Additionally, the IRS expanded the online program to include taxpayers who make more money. Via the Free File Fillable Tax Form option, anyone, with any income, can enter their tax data onto online forms and then file them for free directly with the IRS. These are only blank fillable tax forms, not to be confused with tax software.
The IRS says that any e-filing option you use will get you your tax refund much more quickly than mailing a paper return. The agency also points out that the error rate is less than 1 percent for electronic filers.
Direct Deposit. Whether you are filing electronically or mailing in paper tax returns, choose the direct deposit option. According to the IRS, this, too, will greatly reduce the time you have to wait for your refund money. It's also added protection against lost or stolen refund checks sent through the mail.
Store Financing. If you are in dire need of a product/appliance, find a store that offers financing. They often have pricing and low rate specials. Many stores offer free financing for limited time periods, which would be a great option. By then, the refund should have arrived and you can use it to pay off the store credit, interest free!
Be Patient. Whether the tax money is for needs or wants, patience is advised but not always viable option, particularly if your annual tax refund being used to cover necessary living expenses, schooling, or an unexpected emergency.
Ultimately, waiting for your refund or taking out a loan in the interim is a personal preference, not a fiscal issue, for taxpayers. The prospect of cash a few days earlier appeals to those who value speed over cost. Companies that offer easy approval, fast cash, reasonable rates, and no prepayment penalty are always an option.
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The name in your passport must match the name on your birth certificate, Australian citizenship certificate or your most recently issued Australian passport (provided this was issued after 20 August 1986 with at least two years validity), unless you have changed that name through an Australian Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages (RBDM) or the Department of Home Affairs.
If you hold a passport with at least two years validity remaining, and you change your family name to reflect your new relationship status, or any of your names following gender transition, you can apply for a replacement passport in your new name to be issued free of charge. The replacement passport will have the same expiry date as your original passport. You may need to provide additional documentation in order for the fee to be waived.
The table below lists different name change circumstances and the documentation required.
If you were born and live overseas and can demonstrate that you do not meet Australian RBDM residency requirements to register a name change, you may use the name in a foreign name change, marriage or registered relationship certificate*, provided this was issued after you obtained Australian citizenship, and has been properly legalised or apostilled by the issuing government. If such document/s are not written in English, you must also provide a full English translation prepared by an approved translation service.
*Foreign name change, marriage or registered relationship certificates are not acceptable evidence of name change/s if you were born in or live in Australia – see table above.
If you need to have a foreign document legalised or apostilled by the issuing government, see a list of foreign diplomatic missions and consulates in Australia.


Moving goods around the world has been central to Denholm's business over the years and we have built up a high level of expertise in this field. Today our logistics activities are controlled through Denholm Logistics and comprise Ship Agency, Freight Forwarding, Short Sea Shipping, Warehousing, Terminal Operations and Distribution.
Denholm UK Logistics provides customers with optimal solutions for warehousing, handling, haulage and distribution. With a number of strategically located facilities either close to or within major ports, Denholm UK Logistics provides port centric solutions for the receiving, handling, storing and distributing of goods around the UK.
Our forwarding operations are carried out through Denholm Global Logistics, which operates from a number of strategic locations around the UK. The company arranges the import and export of goods from and to all parts of the world by the most appropriate means, be it by road, sea or air.
Denholm Port Services, who recently renamed from Denholm Wilhelmsen, is one of the UK's leading ship agency companies. In a year they will typically oversee 5,700 port calls in 17 different ports around the UK.
Lacy and Middlemiss is our specialist short sea shipping operator and focuses on the timber trade between the Baltic Sea and the UK.
In Ireland, the full range of services is offered under the name of Hamilton Shipping.


Full flavored yet not heavy, this dark amber beer strikes a balance between robust and easy-drinking. Inspired by its heartier Helles Bock cousin, this amber bock has a complex, lively flavor and is sessionable enough to enjoy throughout even the longest holiday party. Distinct notes of caramel with a touch of toffee and honey are balanced by a subtle hop character, crisp body and clean finish. Enjoy it on its own or with your favorite holiday meal or dessert.