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Amazon Australia plans to launch by Black Friday
At the Franklin Mills Mall in Philadelphia a fight was caught on camera in which a woman was taken to the ground. In , Kmart opened at 7: But one seller who appeared on stage let slip that Australians could expect two-day delivery when Amazon Marketplace is up and running. This page was last edited on 17 October , at Such hours may include opening as early as
The company also added to the hype by announcing a further hiring spree and plans to stock the warehouse with "hundreds of thousands of products. Now, we have a clearer idea of what those products will be. At Monday's Seller Summit, Amazon confirmed it will launch in Australia with its own retail range of products as well as products from third parties, sold through Amazon Marketplace.
Amazon trotted a number of these sellers onstage, including the heads of Australian baby accessories company Hip Cub, camera lens brand Gobe and anti-ageing skincare brand Vidi. Between blasts of motivational pop music, the sellers spruiked the benefits of being on Amazon for growing sales, reaching global markets and earning a "seven figure salary.
The company also used Monday's event to promote its Fulfillment by Amazon program -- a service that lets sellers use Amazon's warehouse as a central hub to store, pack and ship their products to customers. As for Amazon's fabled two-day shipping, Aussies may have to wait on that front.
The company gave no word about who it would use for shipping and what delivery times Australians could expect. But one seller who appeared on stage let slip that Australians could expect two-day delivery when Amazon Marketplace is up and running.
CNET's full gift guide, from our top picks of the year to the best smart home presents. Inside Amazon's effort to make its voice assistant smarter, chattier and more like you. Be respectful, keep it clean and stay on topic.
We delete comments that violate our policy , which we encourage you to read. Discussion threads can be closed at any time at our discretion. Don't show this again. Australians will soon have access to the wonders of Amazon online shopping.
A peek inside the Manhattan warehouse pictures 13 Photos. The best tech gifts for 55 Photos. Amazon Australia plans to launch by Black Friday Sign in to comment Be respectful, keep it clean and stay on topic. The news media have long described the day after Thanksgiving as the busiest shopping day of the year.
In the period from through , for example, Black Friday ranked from fifth to tenth on the list of busiest shopping days, with the last Saturday before Christmas usually taking first place. Black Friday is a shopping day for a combination of reasons. As the first day after the last major holiday before Christmas, it marks the unofficial beginning of the Christmas shopping season.
Additionally, many employers give their employees the day off as part of the Thanksgiving holiday weekend. The early s have seen retailers extend beyond normal hours in order to maintain an edge or to simply keep up with the competition. Such hours may include opening as early as Forever 21 went in the opposite direction, opening at normal hours on Friday, and running late sales until 2: However, this practice has largely disappeared in recent years, perhaps because of an effort by retailers to create a greater sense of urgency.
The news media usually give heavy play to reports of Black Friday shopping and their implications for the commercial success of the Christmas shopping season, but the relationship between Black Friday sales and retail sales for the full holiday season is quite weak and may even be negative. On April 23, ,. In , Neil Stern of McMillan Doolittle said, "Black Friday is quickly losing its meaning on many fronts," because many stores opened on Thanksgiving, and a lot of sales started even earlier than that.
Online shopping also made the day less important. The large population centers on Lake Ontario and the Lower Mainland in Canada have always attracted cross-border shopping into the US states, and as Black Friday became more popular in the US, Canadians often flocked to the US because of their lower prices and a stronger Canadian dollar.
After , many were traveling for the deals across the border. Starting in and , due to the parity of the Canadian dollar compared with the American dollar , several major Canadian retailers ran Black Friday deals of their own to discourage shoppers from leaving Canada. The year saw the biggest Black Friday to date in Canada, as Canadian retailers embraced it in an attempt to keep shoppers from travelling across the border.
Before the advent of Black Friday in Canada, the most comparable holiday was Boxing Day in terms of retailer impact and consumerism. Black Fridays in the US seem to provide deeper or more extreme price cuts than Canadian retailers, even for the same international retailer. It is the day when emergency services activate contingency plans to cope with the increase in workload due to many people going out drinking on the last Friday before Christmas.
Contingencies can include setting up mobile field hospitals near City Centre nightspots. Since the start of the 21st century, there have been attempts by retailers with origins in the United States such as Amazon to introduce a retail "Black Friday" as it would be understood by Americans, into the United Kingdom.
Some online and in-shop companies have adopted the American-style Black Friday sale day, although others appear sceptical, with one comment piece in the trade publication Retail Week labelling it "simply an Americanism , which doesn't translate very well. In , more UK-based retailers adopted the Black Friday marketing scheme than ever.
Among them were ao. During Black Friday sales in , police forces were called to shops across Britain to deal with crowd control issues, assaults, threatening customers and traffic issues. They have primary responsibility to keep people safe and they can't rely on the police to turn up and bail them out and that's what happened last night.
Asda announced that it would not take part in the Black Friday. Black Friday appears to be growing in popularity year on year in the UK. In Mexico, Black Friday was the inspiration for the government and retailing industry to create an annual weekend of discounts and extended credit terms, El Buen Fin , meaning "the good weekend" in Spanish.
On this weekend, major retailers extend their store hours [51] and offer special promotions, including extended credit terms and price promotions. The two reported the biggest Black Friday sales in Hundreds of retailers announced their participation in the campaign. Black Friday is little known in India, as its shopping seasons are different. The busiest times for shopping in India and hence the times with the biggest discounts tend to be Diwali, followed by regional festivals like Ugadi and Pongal in South India, Ganeshotsav in Maharasthra, Baisakhi in Punjab and Onam in Kerala.
Over the past decade, Independence day sales on 15 August have become a large attraction, though most sales in India last for a period of one week. The growing number of e-commerce websites and large retail shopping centers has contributed to such sales. The big e-commerce retailers in India are trying to emulate the concept of shopping festivals from the United States like Black Friday and Cyber Monday. Flipkart, Snapdeal and Amazon have been offering discounted products on the major festivals in India.
According to Google Trends, the interest for Black Friday is rising every year. Comparing the search volume of the term Black Friday in November and November , the increase is almost 50 percent 22, is the search volume in November and 33, is the search volume in November , according to the Google Adwords.
The growing demand is getting more every year in India. French businessmen are slowly inserting the Black Friday consumer craze of the US. Retailers favored the very American term "Black Friday" to "Vendredi noir" in their advertisements. In Germany, "Black Friday" retailer advertisements refer to "Black Week" and "Black Shopping" in English language, with sales lasting an entire week excluding Sundays when most retail stores are closed.
During this sale time, stores keep their normal working hours; and though goods are offered at reduced prices, the prices are no more significantly slashed than normal weekly price reductions. Apple was the first company to run a special Black Friday campaign for the German market in In , swiss retailer Manor was the first to launch a special Black Friday promotion.
The year after, most swiss retailers launched special offers during the Black Friday Week. It is estimated that customers spend around million Swiss Francs in onlineshops alone on Black Friday. In recent years, Black Friday has been promoted in Australia by in-store and online retailers. Twitter users had to use the hashtag osublackfriday and it allowed them to follow along and tweet favourite deals and discounts from stores.
Purchasing online gave customers free shipping and free iTunes gift cards with every purchase. In addition to this, numerous stores in the country run Black Friday promotions in-store and online throughout the country. Black Friday started picking up in New Zealand around In Norway , Black Friday started as a publicity stunt campaign back in to increase the sales to the shopping mall Norwegian Outlet.
Since the introduction, it has been promoted every year in a larger and growing market all over the country. During its first year, it was believed to have attracted an inflow of about 35, regional tourists according to the government's immigration census. Over its first hour run on November 28, , more than 1. There has been growing interest for black Friday in Poland as well.
In Spain joined with some small retailers. The celebration became more famous year by year, till the big retailers grew. In the Netherlands Black Friday was seriously introduced in Some years before there were a couple of big and small retailers that used Black Friday in their marketing proposes.
However, with the total of 35 participating stores, can be seen as the year in which Black Friday has started in the Netherlands due to more widespread support of large retailers. The participating shops have increased to over during the Black Friday period of Black Friday in Belgium is seriously marketed by retailers since After , Black Friday in Belgium has grown strongly.
The participating shops have increased to over 70 during the Black Friday period of In Black Friday became widely popular in Latvia.
There was even a Black week and Black weekend sales in shopping centres. Black Friday has been increasingly adopted by stores in Brazil since , [79] although not without its share of inflated prices and other scams, especially in its earlier years, earning the nickname " Black Fraude " [80] Black Fraud or also " Black Furadei ", which comes from the slang word " furada ", meaning a "jam" or tough situation, usually involving money.
It is also common to hear Brazilian people say that prices on Brazilian Black Friday are "half of the double". However, currently, the term "Black Friday" has become so popular in the country that stores have been under closer scrutiny from consumers and cases of known scams have been reduced greatly.
For centuries, the adjective "black" has been applied to days upon which calamities occurred. Many events have been described as "Black Friday", although the most significant such event in American History was the Panic of , which occurred when financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk took advantage of their connections with the Grant Administration in an attempt to corner the gold market.
When President Grant learned of this manipulation, he ordered the Treasury to release a large supply of gold, which halted the run and caused prices to drop by eighteen percent. Fortunes were made and lost in a single day, and the president's own brother-in-law, Abel Corbin , was ruined. The earliest known use of "Black Friday" to refer to the day after Thanksgiving occurs in the journal, Factory Management and Maintenance , for November , and again in Here it referred to the practice of workers calling in sick on the day after Thanksgiving, in order to have a four-day weekend.
However, this use does not appear to have caught on. Around the same time, the terms "Black Friday" and "Black Saturday" came to be used by the police in Philadelphia and Rochester to describe the crowds and traffic congestion accompanying the start of the Christmas shopping season.
In , the city and merchants of Philadelphia attempted to improve conditions, and a public relations expert recommended rebranding the days, "Big Friday" and "Big Saturday"; but these terms were quickly forgotten. Use of the phrase spread slowly, first appearing in The New York Times on November 29, , in which it still refers specifically to "the busiest shopping and traffic day of the year" in Philadelphia.
Although it soon became more widespread, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported in that retailers in Cincinnati and Los Angeles were still unaware of the term.
As the phrase gained national attention in the early s, merchants objecting to the use of a derisive term to refer to one of the most important shopping days of the year suggested an alternative derivation: Black Friday, under this theory, is the beginning of the period when retailers would no longer be "in the red", instead taking in the year's profits.
In , an internet rumor alleged that the phrase originated in the American south before the Civil War , from the practice of selling slaves on the day after Thanksgiving.
This was debunked by Snopes. Despite frequent attempts to control the crowds of shoppers, minor injuries are common among the crowds, usually as a result of being pushed or thrown to the ground in small stampedes. While most injuries remain minor, serious injuries and even deliberate violence have taken place on some Black Fridays. In , a crowd of approximately 2, shoppers in Valley Stream, New York , waited outside for the 5: As opening time approached, the crowd grew anxious and when the doors were opened the crowd pushed forward, breaking the door down, a year-old employee was trampled to death.
The shoppers did not appear concerned with the victim's fate, expressing refusal to halt their stampede when other employees attempted to intervene and help the injured employee, complaining that they had been waiting in the cold and were not willing to wait any longer. Shoppers had begun assembling as early as 9: Even when police arrived and attempted to render aid to the injured man, shoppers continued to pour in, shoving and pushing the officers as they made their way into the store.
Several other people incurred minor injuries, including a pregnant woman who had to be taken to the hospital. During Black Friday , a Madison, Wisconsin woman was arrested outside of a Toys 'R' Us store after cutting in line , and threatening to shoot other shoppers who tried to object. She had been asked to leave the store, but refused. He was discovered to also be carrying two knives and a pepper spray grenade.
On Black Friday , a woman at a Porter Ranch , California Walmart used pepper spray on fellow shoppers, causing minor injuries to a reported 20 people who had been waiting hours for the store to open.
The incident started as people waited in line for the newly discounted Xbox A witness said a woman with two children in tow became upset with the way people were pushing in line.
The witness said she pulled out pepper spray and sprayed the other people in line. On Black Friday , two people were shot outside a Wal-Mart in Tallahassee, Florida , during a dispute over a parking space. On Black Friday in , a person in Las Vegas who was carrying a big-screen TV home from a Target store on Thanksgiving was shot in the leg as he tried to wrestle the item back from a robber who had just stolen it from him at gunpoint.
The suspect and the dragged officer were treated for shoulder injuries. Three people were arrested. At the Franklin Mills Mall in Philadelphia a fight was caught on camera in which a woman was taken to the ground. The video also caught a separate, possibly related, fight happening simultaneously. Friday morning on November 25, The shooter fired multiple shots, leaving an SUV covered in bullet holes, but the motives remain unclear.
Cottman's year-old brother was also injured. An apparent argument over a parking spot at a Reno Wal-Mart resulted in one of the drivers pulling a weapon who shot and killed a year-old man.
That incident technically occurred before Black Friday on the evening of Thanksgiving. Derrick Blackburn, 19, was later arrested for unlawful possession of a weapon. A 61 year old pharmacist, Walter Vance collapsed and was left for dead by shoppers while being trampled and passed by a stampede, with the exception of an off-duty paramedic and a nurse giving CPR to Vance in a Target store in South Charleston, West Virginia during Black Friday , but died soon after.
The day after Thanksgiving as the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season may be linked together with the idea of Santa Claus parades.
55 rows · Black Friday is fast approaching. and it's the biggest shopping day in America.. Taking place after Thanksgiving, this is the ultimate bargain hunter's holiday. Thousands of stores across the. Black Friday and Cyber Monday encompass one of the busiest shopping periods in Australia. Even though the phenomenon originated in the US and aren't exactly official sales in Australia, it hasn. Black Friday Australia: The Best Deals So Far [Updated] Click Frenzy was just a dry run. The world's biggest online shopping sale (AKA Black Friday) is about to kick off across the globe.
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Samantha Bee, comedian and host of Full Frontal on TBS, yesterday (May 16) described the history of evangelicals becoming what is now called the religious right. The episode is titled "The Religious Right." Today, Rawstory describes it as a classic.
Samantha wasn't attacking evangelical theology. She was describing the move from being non-political to becoming involved in politics when segregating schools was an issue – white kids going to schools with black kids. There was a call from evangelicals opposed to school integration to get involved in politics. Looking for another issue to lure the faithful into politics they added abortion to their list of what they were against. And homosexuality was added to their list of evils. A clip was shown of the Reverend Jerry Falwell, founder of Liberty University, calling on getting people baptized and getting them registered to vote.
I'm sick and tired of hearing about all of the radicals, and the perverts, and the liberals, and the leftists, and the Communists coming out of the closet! It's time for God's people to come out of the closet, out of the churches, and change America! We must do it!
If I recall correctly federal funds and taxes were one of the hinges that the school desegregation movement swung on. After Brown, white people started moving their children to private schools to get around the desegregation rulings. Those private schools were automatically given tax exempt status. That went on until the mid-seventies. Then the IRS started refusing to grant (and outright revoking!) the tax exemptions to all-white private schools.


There's a reason why investment gurus have continually reminded newbies to know what you're getting into first before jumping in.
Take this airline crew member who took out a huge loan to invest in cryptocurrencies. Little did he know that the amount he invested would just turn into huge losses and make him end up deep in debt.
Now he's on a mission to warn prospective investors to watch out for risks and to think twice before diving into the volatile cryptocurrency market.
A 32 year-old French cabin crew member borrowed Dh 367,000 from a bank to invest in the cryptocurrency market after being told of bagging quick returns in a WhatsApp group.
However, the cryptocurrency market has nose-dived this year, wiping out gains from the record performance registered in late 2017.
Not only did he lose his investment, the crew member shared in a Reddit post that he has now incurred a large sum of money, equivalent to two-thirds of his Dh12,000 monthly salary for a period of three and a half years, according to a report by UAE-based online news publication The National.
"I earn around Dh12,000 a month and am paying back Dh8,000 of that to the bank," he said.
The Frenchman told the online publication that he started investing in small amounts in September last year.
That's when he got overconfident and borrowed money to put into Lumen (XLM), Neo, Ripple (XRP), Ethereum (ETH) and Litecoin (LTC) investments.
Now, the airline crew member is hoping the tides would turn to his favor to get his investment back.
"I am not going to invest any more but I am going to keep what I have where it is and hopefully it will go back in value," he said.


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Bolstered by California decision, group eyes NY teacher tenure
Bolstered by California decision, group eyes NY teacher tenure Bolstered by California decision, group eyes NY teacher tenure Check out this story on pressconnects.com: http://press.sn/1mjpvbB
Jon Campbell Published 12:14 p.m. ET June 24, 2014 | Updated 5:11 p.m. ET June 24, 2014
ALBANY A nonprofit group led by a former CNN anchor is planning a challenge to New York's teacher-tenure law and firing practices, questioning whether they comply with the state constitution.
The Partnership for Educational Justice, a newly launched group founded by anchor-turned-advocate Campbell Brown, claims the state's teacher-tenure system violates the constitutional right to a "sound, basic education."
The organization also intends to challenge the state's "last in, first out" policy, which ties teacher layoffs to seniority rather than performance.
Bolstered by a major ruling in California tossing the state's teacher tenure policies, the group says six families -- including one from Rochester -- will file a lawsuit in Albany in early July.
"The idea of basing district-wide layoffs solely on seniority in this day and age doesn't make sense to most people," Brown said in an interview with Gannett's Albany Bureau. "It just doesn't. It's why an ineffective teacher can keep his or her job in a layoff situation when a less-senior teacher with a highly effective rating is laid off."
New teachers are required to complete a probationary period in New York, which in most cases is three years. After that period is up, a school board has to decide whether to grant the teacher tenure. Once tenure is granted, a teacher can't be fired without a disciplinary hearing -- known as a 3020a hearing -- or a settlement.
Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Rolf Treu earlier this month threw out California's job-protection laws for teachers, though the ruling has been stayed pending an appeal.
But the decision sparked conversation about tenure laws throughout the country and helped renew talks about potential legal challenges in other states.
Carl Korn, a spokesman for the New York State United Teachers union, said the right to a disciplinary hearing is similar to the rights granted police officers or firefighters.
"Tenure laws protect students and good teaching by ensuring that educators aren't fired for speaking out on behalf of their students or because they engage their students in controversial topics," Korn said. "Does New York really want its teachers to have to remain silent on controversial issues because their employment would depend on the whim of an administrator or school board?"
Among the expected plaintiffs in the upcoming legal challenge will be Carla and John Williams of Rochester, according to the Partnership for Educational Justice. Carla is the mother of four children between the age of 10 and 18, according to the group, which declined to reveal where the children attend school.
"The reality is that this lawsuit is a last resort," the Williams said in a joint statement provided by the group. "We are acting because leaders in Albany have not."
Asked about the matter on Tuesday in Rochester, Cuomo pointed to the state's teacher-evaluation system -- which aims to reward high-performing teachers and identify others in need of added support or even dismissal.
"That evaluation would in many ways affect what you are trying to get at by tenure. In other words, with that evaluation system, the teachers who get promoted, the teachers who stay are the teachers who are high performing."
Cuomo said he had not seen the not-yet-filed New York lawsuit, but said the California case "made a lot of waves."
Brown said her group is eying potential legal challenges in other states, but New York is where it plans to start. Brown said she provided the initial seed money for the Partnership for Educational Justice.
Jay Lefkowitz, a New York City-based attorney for Kirkland &Ellis LLP, has agreed to take on the New York case free of charge, Brown said.
Twitter.com/JonCampbellGAN
Includes reporting by Democrat and Chronicle staff writer Brian Sharp.
Read or Share this story: http://press.sn/1mjpvbB
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Jeff at Pre Press was very helpful. He took care of our irregular size booklets and they were nicely done. I recommended digitalprinting.co.uk for my friends. If would be good to have more paper option (for example off white uncoated papers) as online digital printing tend to use only very white/blueish papers.
I was very impressed by the print quality, price and prompt delivery of my work. No hassle uploading and my order arrived within a couple of days. I would certianly use DigitalPrinting.co.uk again.


Codemasters released a fresh Grid 2 trailer, which is considered one of the best games series among racing simulators. This video will tell about the racers from America and Europe.
In the first video, the developers showed the best racers and fastest cars of America, which are represented in the game. They always achieve their goals and reach the finish line first.
But there're radically different drivers from Europe. They like the risk and crazy ride, which allow them to bypass the enemies on some parts of the track, where everyone is trying to drive extremely careful.
The Grid 2 release date is scheduled on May 31 for PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Are you ready to this adrenaline?


Trees have been a hugely important part of my life since I was a child – my best friends in a way.
They often show up as guardians and guides in the paintings. Whether in everyday life or in ritual they both comfort and give power. They ground me in ceremony, anchoring me as I reach for the stars. This is what I look like in those moments being birthed into new worlds.
The trees in this painting are not Oregon trees. They are the wintry trees of my childhood back east – the way they looked sledding out under the stars on a snowy night. Oh my gosh! The way I must have felt as I smashed into an ash tree tobogganing at the age of four and soared out of my body through its branches up to Orion. I've explored this with Dana Zia and had healers work on the bump I still have on my forehead from the accident.
Journal 9/26/00: A powerful connection made in a Dana massage yesterday – Energy in my head focusing in on my fractured skull bump. I'm suddenly back in the wing chair in Rose Valley – the little girl in shock. Mother on the phone to the doctor. Granny (my great grandmother) poking at me. Shiver. Realize it was Granny poking at me that brought me back – it was so tempting to check out entirely. Leave the stuffy 1950's and stay in the stars of Orion that were so much lovelier. Coming back would sever that connection for a long time. Coming back meant taking care of Mother. Granny poked me to bring me back – to remind me of my promise to stay and care for Mom – a promise made previously to her at my birth when I almost backed out. I resented coming back. Was angry and the worst of it was I couldn't talk about my experience. Had to file it away. Thought no one would listen. Or perhaps I tried and no one listened – "She's babbling, Doctor." Too scary for Mother.
Being in this place with Dana's encouragement, I felt the chill of shock, the anger at my predicament. Suddenly, I thought of the book I am reading, Richard Bach's Bridge Across Forever, where he influences his younger and older selves by dreaming back and forwards in time. Messages and signposts of encouragement. And perhaps even shifting the balance. What if….? So I imagined that I was not tongue-tied by conventions of the time and culture, but could, in fact, tell of my vision and journey. I had leapt into the tree …. I saw my connection with Gaia, my love for this place and my/our ability to shift the balance back to her worship and stewarding. I felt the connection with Mother Earth, wind, fire, water and spirit. And then I shot out of the outermost branches of the tree up into the stars and felt the cosmic connection with the sky spirits – out into the universe. I visited old homes of other realms. It makes me homesick now to think of it.
So what if now I were to recreate that scene and this time my first tentative words gather everyone around me. Mother hears I've had a vision or Granny does.
Part of the vision was of the work and play that we could do – Rose Valley, both school and community.Trees and plants to be cared for. Rivers to be cleaned. Love to be shared.
How incredible to recreate that time. To have the journey not be remarkable but sane and loved and respected. Unusual but believed. Or commonplace and encouraged (a la Malidoma Some in Africa).
So now I sit here in the sun. My necklace today is the Eye of Horus and the gold heart from childhood. The eye says, "See, I told you I would help you see when you took me into your forehead bump a year ago in Edfu in Egypt. And the connection with your childhood will continue to bear fruit. That locket was no doubt on your neck the day of the toboggan accident. It usually was for most of those childhood years.
Thank you, Godmother Charlotte, for the connection that has lasted. And thank you, Uncle Bill, for the "accident" that has meant such strong medicine for me. And thank you, Granny, for bringing me back and guiding me still. And thank you, Mom for being exactly who you are as we journey together in this life and many others.
Written for the Living Out Loud Show,November 2004.


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Chapter 9 : Commercial Methods for Identification and Susceptibility Testing of Fungi
Authors: Donna M. Wolk, Glenn D. Roberts
References (175)
Commercial Methods for Identification and Susceptibility Testing of Fungi, Page 1 of 2
The methods described in this chapter are meant to represent those that are commercially available, Food and Drug Administration-approved, and published in peer-reviewed journals. The advantages of the nonautomated and automated identification systems discussed in the chapter include the fact that identification is based on databases that include a variety of substrate utilization patterns and that contain many yeast biotypes. Reproducibility was determined as results were compared in an interlaboratory study with broth macrodilution as the reference standard. In this report, the E test quality control limits were 1 dilution greater (4 dilutions overall) than those of the NCCLS broth tube macrodilution method for the following combinations: ketoconazole with C. krusei and amphotericin B and ketoconazole with C. parapsilosis. When the Premier EIA method was compared to the microimmunodiffusion (MID) test and the laboratory CF test for a total of 168 sera, including 68 from proven cases of histoplasmosis, the sensitivity of the EIA for IgG was 97%and that of the MID was 100%, and the specificities were 84 and 100%, respectively. In this study, three sera from histoplasmosis patients which were positive for the histoplasmin antigens tested negative for IgG, specific precipitins, and complement-fixing antibodies. Due to the interest in rapid, cost-effective testing for fungi, the pace and number of publications devoted to diagnostic practices in clinical mycology laboratories are growing.
Citation: Wolk D, Roberts G. 2002. Commercial Methods for Identification and Susceptibility Testing of Fungi, p 225-255. In Truant A (ed), Manual of Commercial Methods in Clinical Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817961.ch9
Commercial Methods for Identification and Susceptibility Testing of Fungi
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BactiCardCandida. Courtesy of Remel.
Uni-N/F Tek and Uni-Yeast-Tek plates (uninoculated and inoculated). Courtesy of Remel.
(A) Inoculation of the API 20 C (Biomerieux Vitek) strip for identification of yeast isolates. Each strip contains microcupules containing dehydrated substrates, which are rehydrated and examined to determine their ability to support the growth of yeast isolates. (B) Close-up view of substrate utilization by a yeast isolate. Positive reactions appear cloudy in comparison to the negative (0) control.
The RapID Yeast Plus System (Innovative Diagnostic Systems and Remel).
API Yeast-Ident.
Identicult-Albicans.
The Microscan Rapid Yeast Identification Panel. Courtesy of Dade Microscan.
1. Ainscough, S.,, and C. C. Kibbler. 1998. An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of using CHROMagar for yeast identification in a routine microbiology laboratory. J. Med. Microbiol. 47: 623– 628.
2. Ansorg, R.,, E. Heintschel von Heinegg,, and P. M. Rath. 1994. Aspergillus antigenuria compared to antigenemia in bone marrow transplant recipients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 13: 582– 589.
3. Ansorg, R.,, R. van den Boom,, and P. M. Rath. 1997. Detection of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in foods and antibiotics. Mycoses 40: 353– 357.
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110. Ness, M. J.,, W. P. Vaughan,, and G. L. Woods. 1989. Candida antigen latex test for detection of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. J. Infect. Dis. 159: 495– 502.
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112. Odds, F. C.,, and R. Bernaerts. 1994. CHROMagar Candida, a new differential isolation medium for presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32: 1923– 1929.
113. Odds, F. C.,, L. Vranckx,, and F. Woestenborghs. 1995. Antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: evaluation of technical variables for test automation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39: 2051– 2060.
114. Padhye, A. A.,, G. Smith,, D. McLaughlin,, P. G. Standard,, and L. Kaufman. 1992. Comparative evaluation of a chemiluminescent DNA probe and an exoantigen test for rapid identification of Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: 3108– 3111.
115. Patterson, T. F.,, W. R. Kirkpatrick,, S. G. Revankar,, R. K. McAtee,, A. W. Fothergill,, D. I. McCarthy,, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1996. Comparative evaluation of macrodilution and chromogenic agar screening for determining fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: 3237– 3239.
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141. Sand, C.,, and R. P. Rennie. 1999. Comparison of three commercial systems for the identification of germ-tube negative yeast species isolated from clinical specimens. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 33: 223– 229.
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143. Schoofs, A.,, F. C. Odds,, R. Colebunders,, M. Ieven,, and H. Goossens. 1997. Use of specialised isolation media for recognition and identification of Candida dubliniensis isolates from HIV-infected patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16: 296– 300.
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145. Schwabe, L. D.,, E. L. Randall,, R. Miller-Catchpole,, C. I. Squires,, and R. L. Gottschall. 1990. A comparison of oxoid signal with nonradiometric BACTEC NR-660 for detection of bacteremia. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 13: 3– 8.
146. Sekhon, A. S.,, L. Kaufman,, G. S. Kobayashi,, N. Moledina,, M. Jalbert,, and R. H. Notenboom. 1994. Comparative evaluation of the Premier enzyme immunoassay, micro- immunodiffusion and complement fixation tests for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antibodies. Mycoses 37: 313– 316.
147. Sekhon, A. S.,, L. Kaufman,, G. S. Kobayashi,, N. H. Moledina,, and M. Jalbert. 1995. The value of the Premier enzyme immunoassay for diagnosing Blastomyces dermatitidis infections. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 33: 123– 125.
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151. Simor, A. E.,, G. Goswell,, L. Louie,, M. Lee,, and M. Louie. 1997. Antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates from blood cultures by microbroth dilution and the E test. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 16: 693– 697.
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153. Stockman, L.,, K. A. Clark,, J. M. Hunt,, and G. D. Roberts. 1993. Evaluation of commercially available acridinium ester-labeled chemiluminescent DNA probes for culture identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31: 845– 850.
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159. Telenti, A.,, and G. D. Roberts. 1989. Fungal blood cultures. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8: 825– 831.
160. Tintelnot, K.,, G. Haase,, M. Seibold,, F. Bergmann,, M. Staemmler,, T. Franz,, and D. Naumann. 2000. Evaluation of phenotypic markers for selection and identification of Candida dubliniensis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 1599– 1608.
161. To, W. K.,, A. W. Fothergill,, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1995. Comparative evaluation of macrodilution and alamar colorimetric microdilution broth methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2660– 2664.
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166. Waite, R. T.,, and G. L. Woods. 1998. Evaluation of BACTEC MYCO/F lytic medium for recovery of mycobacteria and fungi from blood. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1176– 1179.
167. Walsh, T. J.,, J. W. Hathorn,, J. D. Sobel,, W. G. Merz,, V. Sanchez,, S. M. Maret,, H. R. Buckley,, M. A. Pfaller,, R. Schaufele,, and C. Sliva. 1991. Detection of circulating candida enolase by immunoassay in patients with cancer and invasive candidiasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 324: 1026– 1031.
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172. Wilson, M. L.,, M. P. Weinstein,, L. G. Reimer,, S. Mirrett,, and L. B. Reller. 1992. Controlled comparison of the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture systems. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: 323– 329.
173. Yeo, S. F.,, Y. Zhang,, D. Schafer,, S. Campbell,, and B. Wong. 2000. A rapid, automated enzymatic fluorometric assay for determination of D-arabinitol in serum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 1439– 1443.
174. Zwadyk, P., Jr.,, C. L. Pierson,, and C. Young. 1994. Comparison of Difco ESP and Organon Teknika BacT/Alert continuous-monitoring blood culture systems. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32: 1273– 1279.
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Comparison of commercial methods for cryptococcal antigen testing
Comparison of commercial methods for C. albicans antigen testing
Comparison of Isolator method (Wampole) with other blood culture methods and systems
Comparison of commercial fungal identification methods
Agreement of methods for susceptibility testing of yeasts
eventtype:PERSONALISATION;jsessionid:DdsAu5M3rkz7dbh3xLX9BC-O.asmlive-10-241-2-10;itemid:http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/book/10.1128/9781555817961.chap9;timestamp:1610953655583


Wellness Centre - What is Yoga?
Yoga is a life-long practice that focuses not on goals and achievements, but rather on experiencing a journey towards inner peace and freedom.
Yoga originated in India thousands of years ago with classical techniques dating back more than 5,000 years. It is a science that systematically creates harmony of the entire body, mind and spirit. "Yoga" comes from the Sanskrit verb yuj, thus meaning to yoke or to unite. The practice of yoga brings union between one's consciousness and the universal consciousness. Yoga combines physical movements with breathing and meditation techniques to bring forward physiological and psychological benefits.
Yoga provides improved health and longevity, as well as creates a heightened level of self-understanding and awareness.The yoga poses were designed to revitalize and bring balance to the musculoskeletal and glandular systems. The breathing techniques (pranayama) are based on the concept that breath is the source of life and energy (prana) in the body. By practicing Pranayama we combine our own vital force with the cosmic/universal force.. The integration of yoga poses and breathing techniques helps one attain a steady, quiet mind and a strong, open body. The yoga poses and breathing techniques are also vital for preparing the body and mind for periods of meditation. The combination of yoga poses, breathing, and meditation makes one more readily able to free oneself from daily pressures and stresses.
Millions of people around the world are practicing yoga as part of their holistic, preventative health & lifestyle choices.
Yoga is one of the most popular fitness disciplines in the country today, Yoga is now popular than ever being practised by both the young and old, corporate professionals, students and sport enthusiasts. Yoga has the ability to alleviate stress, promote balance, improve flexibility and boost feelings of well-being. Many people find yoga helps transform their body & mind in many beneficial ways.
Regular yoga practice has been shown in many research studies to reduced stress. This can then help normalize the stress response and reduce the extremes of anxiety & depression.
Even though yoga is low impact it provides the same benefits of vigorous exercises. Researchers suggest that yoga may lower the risk of diabetes complications by reducing free radicals in the body that are implicated in oxidative stress and it's damaging effects.
A study published in 2011 in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine showed that 12 weeks of yoga improved symptoms in people living with chronic back pain. Yoga can be modified to suit different body types and those suffering from various conditions. It is suggested you discuss this option with your health care professional.
If you would like to lower your risk of osteoporosis Practise yoga. According to a study in 2010 study called "Yoga for Osteoporosis", you can prevent or slow, and in some cases even reverse the process of bone loss. It was also noted that yoga did not cause any serious injuries or fractures in this study.
A study published in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health found that just 20 minutes of Hatha yoga can help the brain function better. Cognitive scores of the participants who did yoga were also higher than those who did aerobic exercise.
Regular yoga classes can uplift mood and well-being. In a study from the Washington State University Cancer Care Northwest (US Oncology), in Spokane, they found that yoga improved the stress response of breast cancer survivors.
Practice yoga regularly at least 3 times a week if you can and you will notice a huge difference in the way you look but also in the way you feel.


text:
Q: new class using author blocks I have created a simple .cls file in this example. I want to use authblk using the blocks mode.
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{testclass}[2019/10/18 Test class]

\LoadClass[onecolumn]{article}
\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\OptionNotUsed}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions\relax

\RequirePackage[blocks]{authblk}
\setlength{\affilsep}{0em}

\renewcommand{\maketitle}{%
  \thispagestyle{empty}%
  \vskip-36pt%
  {\raggedright\sffamily\bfseries\MakeUppercase{\@title}\par}%
  \vskip10pt
  {\raggedleft\sffamily \@author\par}
  \vskip18pt%
}

Then here goes the simple .tex file that uses the class above.
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{testclass}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\author{author1}
\author{author2}
\affil{affil1}
\author{author3}
\author{author4}
\affil{affil2}
\title{Test Author Block}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\end{document}

When there is more than one author I get the following error:
! Misplaced \crcr. \endtabular ->\crcr
                    \egroup \egroup $\egroup  l.14 \maketitle

When using affiliation in footnote style it does compile with no errors.
\author[1]{author1}
\author[2]{author2}
\affil[1,2]{affil1}
\author[3]{author3}
\author[4]{author4}
\affil[3,4]{affil2}

What went wrong with the class?

A: The answer comes most likely too late, but it may be useful for someone ending up here... like me. I scratched my head for hours with this exact same problem.
I finally found the solution in the documentation of authblk. Well, actually in the package implementation details in authblk.dtx that are not included in authblk.pdf by default (at least in TeX Live). From the section Basic Idea:

Clearly, the definition of \and must be compatible with the environment in which \@author is output.

By default, \and expects to be used inside a tabular environment. Redefining \and to your liking solves the issue.
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{testclass}[2019/10/18 Test class]

\LoadClass[onecolumn]{article}
\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\OptionNotUsed}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions\relax

\RequirePackage[blocks]{authblk}
\setlength{\affilsep}{0em}
\renewcommand{\and}{\vskip10pt} % <- new line

\renewcommand{\maketitle}{%
  \thispagestyle{empty}%
  \vskip-36pt%
  {\raggedright\sffamily\bfseries\MakeUppercase{\@title}\par}%
  \vskip10pt
  {\raggedleft\sffamily \@author\par}
  \vskip18pt%
}

Compiling your example then yields the following without any error.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
What is the smallest bolt size? |
The small size of a bolt depends on the head diameter, or inner diameter. The smaller it is, the more torque you can put through that particular bolt before it fails and/or breaks. Typically bolts are made from carbon steel (0.0625 inch in diameter), stainless steel (0.125 inch in diameter) and titanium alloy metals ().
The "standard bolt sizes chart" is a list of common bolt sizes. The most common are listed first, the least common last.
With a diameter of 0.3mm, Star Micronics has created the world's smallest screw.
What is the smallest screw size in this case?
The lowest diameter screw is 0 millimeters, while the biggest is 24 millimeters.
Also, what is the smallest bolt size that is less than 1 4? Screws having a smaller diameter than 1/4 inch "have a nominal size (e.g. #8 or #10) that is denoted by a number a quarter "Larger diameters are shown in inches.
What are the normal bolt sizes, as well?
Bolt Thread Length in the United States
Bolt Dimensions
Thread Length (in.) * Standard Thread Length (in.)
6 inch and shorter bolts
Bolts with a length of more than 6 inches
1/4″ 3/4″ 1″
5/16″ 7/8″ 1-1/8″
3/8″ 1″ 1-1/4″
Is there a difference between a #8 and a #10 screw?
Machine screws are commonly available in the following sizes: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14—the higher the number, the larger the screw.
What is the size of a #10 screw?
1. The number "10" is used to indicate size and has no numerical value. The thread pitch of 32 threads per inch is denoted by the number "32." A 10-32 screw may be identified by measuring the diameter with a ruler to be precisely 3/16″ (0.190″).
What is the diameter of a #10 bolt?
Machine Screw Diameters in the United States
Thread Length
Fractional Closest
#6 0.13″ 9/64″
#10 0.19″ 3/16″
How can I determine the size of a screw?
How to Determine Screw Size & Thread Count
Place the screw on a level surface.
Place a steel rule along the screw's axis.
Count how many thread gaps there are within 1 inch of the screw.
Divide the length by the number of thread gaps.
Placing the screw on a level surface is a good idea.
Measure the diameter of two screw threads with a steel rule placed between them.
What is the size of a #8 screw?
The size of a #8 screw is.164 of an inch. The diameters in the chart below are in fractions of an inch, thus the #12 is just short of a quarter inch.
What does the number 8 indicate on a screw?
A #6 screw is indicated by the letter "6." Screw gauges are an approximate linear but not quite 1:1 ratio between head and shaft size (a #8 screw is a bit less than twice the diameter of a #4 screw).
The gauge, threads per inch, and shaft length in inches are the three essential metrics for screws. As a result, you can come across a measurement like 6-32 x 1 1/2″. This implies it's a #6 diameter screw with 32 threads per inch (almost twice as many as a conventional wood screw) and an inch and a half in length.
What is the length of a #8 screw in millimeters?
Small Diameter Fasteners Diameter/Decimal/Metric Chart
Diameter or gauge
Decimal is a kind of number (in)
No.4 0.112 2.845
What is a #10 screw, exactly?
The phrase 10-32 derives from the ANSI B1. 1-1974 standard Unified and American Screw Threads for Bolts, Nuts, and Machine Screws. The number "10" is only a size indicator that has no numerical value. 32 threads per inch are represented by the numeral "32."
Which bolt size is the most common?
Bolt sizes most often used in metric
The most popular sizes utilized by Asian producers were 12mm and 10mm, followed by 15, 17, and 19mm.
For a 3/8 bolt, what size hole do I need?
To tap a screw or bolt of this size, follow these steps:
This Drill Bit Can Be Used:
Inches Decimal
8mm-1.00mm 7.1mm .2795
NEF 5/16-32 9/32″ .2812
3/8-16 NC 5/16″ .3125
A 3/4-inch nut fits what size bolt?
Bolt Head/Wrench Size in US
Head and Wrench Dimensions
Square Bolt – Hex Bolt – Lag Bolt
Hex Bolt (Heavy)
9/16″ 13/16″ –
5/8″ 15/16″ 1-1/16″
3/4″ 1-1/8″ 1-1/4″
What is the size of m12?
They should be measured. The M8 will have a diameter of roughly 8 mm, and will most likely be somewhat undersized " (. 31496″) The M10 (. 3937) has a diameter of approximately 10 mm ") and the M12, which has a diameter of about 12 mm, (.
What is a 1/2 bolt's diameter?
Hex Bolt (Heavy) Dimensions
Body Dimensions
Flats Across Width
1/2 0.515 0.875
Is there a difference between a #10 and a #12 screw?
A 10-32 screw may be identified by measuring the diameter to be precisely 3/16′′. (4.76 mm). In pre-threaded racks, 12-24 rack screws are more prevalent than 10-32. They're a little bigger and more rounded than 10-32 hardware. The number "12" is a size indicator that has no numerical value.
What is the difference between screws #8 and #10?
Screws having a smaller diameter than 1/4 inch "have a nominal size (e.g. #8 or #10) that is denoted by a number a quarter "Larger diameters are shown in inches. The threads' major diameter, or outside edge, is referred to as the diameter.
What is the diameter of a 4 40 screw?
The number 4 refers to the screw's diameter. It is in the instance of the 4-40. 112 inch tall.
What is the diameter of a #8 wood screw?
Dimensions of Wood Screws
Major Thread Length*
Fractional Closest Measurement
#8 .164″ 5/32″
#9 .177″ 11/64″
#10 .190″ 3/16″
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