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Dean's Advisory Board
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Computing and Information Sciences Ph.D.
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Golisano College of Computing and
Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences
Edith Hemaspaandra
eh@cs.rit.edu
On sabbatical!
GOL-3625
BS, MS, Ph.D. in Computer Science, University of Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
Complexity of Logics
Computational Complexity
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Fitzsimmons, Z., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Control in the Presence of Manipulators: Cooperative and Competitive Cases." Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 34. 2, Article No. 52 (2020): 1-32. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., et al. "The Robustness of LWPP and WPP, with an Application to Graph Reconstruction." Computational Complexity 29. 2, Article No 7 (2020): 1-49. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and C. Menton. "Search versus Decision for Election Manipulation Problems." ACM Transactions on Computation Theory 12. 1, Article No 3 (2020): 383-402. Print.
Fitzsimmons, Z. and E. Hemaspaandra. "High-Multiplicity Election Problems." Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 33. 4 (2019): 383-402. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "The Complexity of Controlling Candidate-Sequential Elections." Theoretical Computer Science 678. (2017): 14-21. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "The Complexity of Online Voter Control in Sequential Elections." Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 31. (2017): 1055—1076. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "The Complexity of Online Voter Control in Sequential Elections." Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. (2016): 1-22. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Manipulation of Same-System Runoff Elections." Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 77. 3-4 (2016): 159—189. Print.
Brandt, F., et al. "Bypassing Combinatorial Protections: Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Single-Peaked Electorates." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 53. (2015): 439-496. Web.
Faliszewski, P., Hemaspaandra, E., and Hemaspaandra, L. "Weighted Electoral Control." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 52. (2015): 507-542. Web.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "The Complexity of Online Manipulation of Sequential Elections." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 80. 4 (2014): 697-710. Print.
Faliszewski, P., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "The Complexity of Manipulative Attacks in Nearly Single-Peaked Electorates." Artificial Intelligence 207. (2014): 69-99. Print.
Faliszewski, P., et al. "The Shield that Never Was: Societies with Single-Peaked Preferences Are More Open to Manipulation and Control." Information and Computation 209. 2 (2011): 89-107. Print.
Faliszewski, P., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Multimode Control Attacks on Elections." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 40. (2011): 305-351. Print.
Published Conference Proceedings
Frei, F., E. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "Complexity of Stability." Proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2020). Ed. . Hong Kong, China: n.p., 2020. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z. and E. Hemaspaandra. "Election Score Can Be Harder Than Winner." Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020). Ed. . Santiago de Compostela, Spain: n.p., 2020. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z., et al. "Very Hard Electoral Control Problems." Proceedings of the Thirty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2019). Honolulu, HA: n.p., 2019. Web.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "The Complexity of Online Bribery in Sequential Elections." Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge. Ed. . Toulouse, France: n.p., 2019. Web.
Burjons, E., et al. "Finding Optimal Solutions With Neighborly Help." Proceedings of the 44th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2019). Aachen, Germany: n.p., 2019. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Zack and Edith Hemaspaandra. "High-Multiplicity Election Problems." Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2018). Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2018. Web.
Hemaspaandra, Edith, et al. "The Robustness of LWPP and WPP, with an Application to Graph Reconstruction." Proceedings of the 43rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2018). Ed. . Dagstuhl, Germany: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, 2018. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z. and E. Hemaspaandra. "The Complexity of Succinct Elections." Proceedings of the Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2017). San Francisco, CA: AAAI, 2017. Web.
Hemaspaandra, E. and H. Schnoor. "Dichotomy for Pure Scoring Rules Under Manipulative Electoral Actions." Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2016). Ed. . the Hague, the Netherlands: n.p., 2016. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z. and E. Hemaspaandra. "Modeling Single-Peakedness for Votes with Ties." Proceedings of the Eighth European Starting AI Researcher Symposium (STAIRS 2016). Ed. . the Hague, the Netherlands: n.p., 2016. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z. and Hemaspaandra, E. "Complexity of Manipulative Actions When Voting with Ties." Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory. Ed. Toby Walsh. Lexington, KY: n.p., 2015. Print.
Erdelyi, G., Hemaspaandra, E., and Hemaspaandra, L. "More Natural Models of Electoral Control by Partition." Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory. Ed. Toby Walsh. Lexington, KY: n.p., 2015. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and H. Schnoor. "A Control Dichotomy for Pure Scoring Rules." Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2014). Ed. Unknown. Quebec City, Canada: n.p., 2014. Web.
Erdelyi, G., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Bribery and Voter Control Under Voting-Rule Uncertainty." Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2014). Ed. Unknown. Paris, France: n.p., 2014. Web.
Fitzsimmons, Z., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Control in the Presence of Manipulators: Cooperative and Competitive Cases." Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2013). Beijing, China: n.p., 2013. Web.
Faliszewski, P., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Weighted Electoral Control." Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2013). Saint Paul, MN: n.p., 2013. Web.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and C. Menton. "Search versus Decision for Election Manipulation Problems." Proceedings of the 30th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2013). Kiel, Germany: n.p., 2013. Web.
Hemaspaandra, E., L. Hemaspaandra, and J. Rothe. "The Complexity of Online Manipulation of Sequential Elections." Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge (TARK XIV). Chennai, IN: n.p., 2013. Web.
Hemaspaandra, E. and H. Schnoor. "A Universally Defined Undecidable Unimodal Logic." Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2011). Ed. Murlak and Sankowski. Berlin: Springer, 2011. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E. and H. Schnoor. "Minimization for Generalized Boolean Formulas." Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2011). Ed. Toby Walsh. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 2011. Web.
Faliszewski, P., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "The Complexity of Manipulative Attacks in Nearly Single-Peaked Electorates." Proceedings of the Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge (TARK XIII). Ed. Apt. Groningen: ACM, 2011. Web.
Peer Reviewed/Juried Poster Presentation
Bezáková, I., et al. "Prototype of an Automated Feedback Tool for Intro CS Theory." Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2020). Ed. . Portland, OR: n.p..
Hemaspaandra, E. and L. Hemaspaandra. "Credimus." The Future of Economic Design: The Continuing Development of a Field as Envisioned by Its Researchers. Ed. J.-F. Laslier, et al. : Springer, 2019. 141-152. Print.
Caragiannis, I., E. Hemaspaandra, and L. Hemaspaandra. "Dodgson's Rule and Young's Rule." Handbook of Computational Social Choice. Cambridge, England: Handbook of Computational Social Choice, 2016. 103-126. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., Hemaspaandra, L., and Rothe, J. "The Complexity of Manipulative Actions in Single-Peaked Societies." Economics and Computation: An Introduction to Algorithmic Game Theory, Computational Social Choice, & Fair Division. ., .: Springer, 2015. 327-360. Print.
External Scholarly Fellowships/National Review Committee
NSF-DUE IUSE
Amount: $299,471
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation: Renewed Research Stay
Amount: 16,150 euros
1/1/2007 - 12/31/2012
Humboldt Foundation
Invited Article/Publication
Faliszewski, P., Hemaspaandra, E., and Hemaspaandra, L. "The Complexity of Manipulative Attacks in Nearly Single-Peaked Electorates." Proceedings of the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. (2015). Web.
Journal Editor
Hemaspaandra, E., ed. Electronic Commerce Research (2006-2014). Berlin: Springer, 2014. Print.
Hemaspaandra, E., ed. Journal of Universal Computer Science (1998-). Graz: n.p., 2016. Web.
Faliszewski, Piotr, Edith Hemaspaandra, and Lane A. Hemaspaandra. "Using Complexity to Protect Elections." Communications of the ACM, 53.11 (2010): 74-82. Print. É *
Hemaspaandra, Edith, Henning Schnoor, and Ilka Schnoor. "Generalized Modal Satisfiability." Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 76.7 (2010): 561-578. Print. É *
Brandt, Felix, Markus Brill, Edith Hemaspaandra, and Lane A. Hemaspaandra. "Bypassing Combinatorial Protections: Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Single-Peaked Electorates." 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 22nd Innovative Applications of ArtificialIntelligence Conference, 11-15 July 2010. 715-722. Print. É *
Faliszewski, Piotr, Edith Hemaspaandra, and Henning Schnoor. "Manipulation of Copeland Elections." Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 10-14 May 2010. 367-374. Print.
CSCI-263
Honors Introduction to Computer Science Theory
This course provides a challenging introduction to the theory of computation with an emphasis on problem solving. Topics include formal languages, grammars, auto-mata theory, computability, and complexity.
This course provides an introduction to computational complexity theory. It covers the P=NP problem, time and space complexity, randomization, approximability, and relativization. Course offered every other year.
Ph.D. student named Computing Innovation Fellow


This topic introduces health rules, the policy statements that define triggers in AppDynamics policies.
What is a Health Rule?
Health rules let you specify the parameters that represent what you consider normal or expected operations for your environment. The parameters rely on metric values, for example, the average response time for a business transaction or CPU utilization for a node.
The health statuses are critical, warning, normal, and unknown. When the performance of an entity affected by the rule violates the rule's conditions, a health rule violation exists.
When the health status of an entity changes, a health rule violation event occurs. Examples of health rule violation events are a health rule violation starting, ending, upgrading from warning to critical, or downgrading from critical to warning.
The health statuses of entities and health rule violations are surfaced in the controller user interface. A health rule violation event can also be used to trigger a policy, which can initiate automatic actions, such as sending alerting emails or running remedial scripts.
You create health rules using the health rule wizard, described in Configure Health Rules. The wizard groups commonly-used system entities and related metrics to simplify setting up health rules. You can also use, as is or modified, the default health rules provided by AppDynamics.
The health rule scope determines the set of default health rule types. You can choose the scope to get a set of default health rule types for applications, servers, or databases. For example, when you choose a mobile application as the scope, you're given health rules such as crash rates and HTTP/network error rates.
If the health rule scope is for an application, the health rules would be for business transactions, CPU/memory utilization, etc.
You can also create new health rules to add to the default set for each scope. You may want to add the health rule app starts to your mobile application. This health rule is not part of the default set of health rules in the mobile app scope, so you would just need to add a new health rule.
The health rule wizard groups health rules into types that are categorized by the entity that the health rule covers. This allows the wizard to display appropriate configuration items during the health rule creation process.
Virtual Pages: Groups metrics like End User Response Time, Digest Cycles, HTML Download Time, DOM Building Time, etc. for virtual pages created with Angular. See AngularJS Support for information on what these metrics mean in the context of virtual pages.
Custom: Presents all the metrics collected by the agent that could affect a single business transaction, a single node or overall application performance. Use this type to create rules that evaluate custom metrics.
When you select one of these health rule types, the wizard offers you the metrics commonly associated with that type in an embedded browser.
Time evaluation for health rule schedules is based on the time zone of the Controller, regardless of where an app agent is situated. For example, if a Controller is in San Francisco but the app agent is in Dubai, Pacific Time applies to the health rule schedule.
All SaaS Controllers use Pacific Time (PT).
By default, health rules are always enabled. Instead, you can define schedules for the health rules.
You can also configure your own schedules based on UNIX cron expressions using custom values.
The health rule evaluation window is the period of time over which the data used to evaluate the health rule is collected.
Different kinds of metrics may provide better results using different sets of data. You can manage how much data AppDynamics uses when it evaluates a particular health rule by setting the data collection time period. The default value is 30 minutes.
For metrics based on an average calculation, such as average response time, AppDynamics averages the response time over the evaluation window. A five-minute window means that the last five minutes of data is used to evaluate if the health rule was violated.
For metrics based on a sum calculation, such as the number of calls, AppDynamics uses the total number of calls counted during the evaluation window.
The health rule wait time setting lets you control how often an event is generated while the conditions found to violate a health rule continue. If the Controller determines that a health rule has been violated, with a status of either Critical or Warning, an Open Critical or Open Warning event is generated. That event can be used to trigger any policies that match the health rule, and thus to initiate any actions that the policies require.
Once an Open event has occurred, the Controller continues to evaluate the status of the health rule every minute. If the Controller continues to detect the same violation, the violation remains open with the same status. A corresponding Continues Critical or Continues Warning event may be generated to link to any related policies.
But a Continues event every minute might be too noisy for your situation. The health rule's Wait Time after Violation setting is used to throttle how often these Continues events are generated for continuing health rule violations. The default is every 30 minutes.
To use Continues Critical and Continues Warning events, adjust the default Wait Time after Violation value to the desired frequency. Then configure a policy matching that health rule with the Health Rule Violation Continues - Warning and/or Health Rule Violation Continues - Critical events selected in the Health Rule Violation Events section of the policy settings.
Note that the violations displayed in the Health Rules Violations page, under Troubleshoot, are updated only when a health rule violation event is triggered.
If the Controller is unable to evaluate the rule—for example, if a node simply stops reporting—the Evaluation Status of the health rule is marked as a grey question mark or Unknown in the Current Evaluation Status tab in the right panel of the health rules list. The current violation event remains open until the Wait Time after Violation period has elapsed, at which point the violation event is closed and a new event is triggered, causing the Health status itself of the rule to display as Unknown.
Select the Alert & Respond tab at the top.
Click Health Rules in the left panel.
From the drop-down list in the right panel select the entity.
The default health rules are displayed.
If any of these predefined health rules are violated, the affected items are marked in the UI as yellow-orange if it is a Warning violation and red if it is a Critical violation.
In many cases, the default health rules may be the only health rules that you need. If the conditions are not configured appropriately for your application, you can edit them. You can also disable the default health rules.
A health rule can evaluate metrics associated with an entire application or a limited set of entities. For example, you can create business transaction performance health rules that evaluate certain metrics for all business transactions in the application or node health rules that cover all the nodes in the application or all the nodes in specified tiers. The default health rules are in this category.
You can also create health rules that are narrowly applied to a limited set of entities in the application, or even a single entity such as a node or a JMX object or an error. For example, you can create a JMX health rule that evaluates the initial pool size and number of active connections for specific connection pools in nodes that share certain system properties.
Serverless functions are tracked at the tier level. A serverless function is indicated by a lambda (λ) icon inside each tier. When you configure a health rule for an application comprising serverless entities, you can choose to monitor the serverless tiers in the Affected Entities tab. For information on how various health rules are evaluated for serverless entities comprising tiers for AWS Lambda, see Evaluating Serverless Tiers.
The health rule wizard lets you specify precisely which entities the health rule affects, enabling the creation of very specific health rules. For example, for a business transaction, you can limit the tiers that the health rule applies to, or limit the health rule application to specific business transactions by name or by names that match certain criteria.
For node health rules, you can specify the type of the node, such as Java, .NET, PHP, and so on.
You can specify that a health rule applies only to nodes that meet certain criteria.
The Type of Node pulldown menu does not allow you to specify Node.js, Python, or Web Service nodes. To restrict a health rule to these types of nodes, you can specify the affected entity as a tier and then select only Node.js or Python or Web Service tiers as needed. Or to more finely-tune the affected nodes, use the Nodes matching the following criteria menu item to specify node names or matching environment variables or meta-info to restrict the health rule to the nodes you want.
For an Overall Application Performance health rule type, the health rule applies to the entire application, regardless of the business transaction, tier, or node.
If you configure your Health Rule to work with tiers, you must also configure the parallel policy to work with tiers. However, if you configure your Health Rule to work with tiers, but your policy is configured with nodes first, you will not trigger any actions or notifications. The inverse is also true. The following screenshots show examples of a health rule and a policy created in the correct order.
The following table lists the entities that you can apply health rules to.
Nodes types, such as Java nodes, PHP nodes, and so on.
The performance of serverless tiers is not evaluated for Tier/Node Health (Hardware) health rules. AWS does not offer node-level dashboards or metrics because the serverless platform runtime instances spin up and down on demand.
You define the acceptable range for a metric by establishing health rule conditions. A health rule condition sets the metric levels that constitute a Warning status and a Critical status.
A condition consists of a Boolean statement that compares the current value of a metric against one or more static or dynamic thresholds based on a selected baseline. If the condition is true, the health rule violates. The rules for evaluating a condition using multiple thresholds depend on configuration.
Static thresholds are straightforward. For example, is a business transaction's average response time greater than 200 ms?
Dynamic thresholds are based on a percentage in relation to, or a standard deviation from, a baseline built on a rolled-up baseline trend pattern. A daily trend baseline rolls up values for a particular hour of the day during the last thirty days, whereas a weekly trend baseline rolls up values for a particular hour of the day, for a particular day of the week, for the last 90 days. For more information about baselines, see Dynamic Baselines.
You can define a threshold for a health rule based on a single metric value or on a mathematical expression built from multiple metric values.
If the value of the Average Response Time is greater than the default baseline by 3 X the Baseline Standard Deviation . . .
If the count of the Errors Per Minute is greater than 1000 . . .
If the number of MB of Free Memory is less than 2 X the Default Baseline . . .
If the value of Errors per Minute/Calls per Minute over the last 15 days > 0.2 . . .
The last example combines two metrics in a single condition. You can use the expression builder embedded in the health rules wizard to create conditions based on a complex expression comprising multiple interdependent metrics.
Often a condition consists of multiple statements that evaluate different metrics. A health rule is violated either when one of its condition evaluates to true or when all of its conditions evaluate to true, depending on how the condition is configured.
For example, a health rule that measures response time—average response time greater than some baseline value—makes more business sense if it is correlated with the application load —for example, 50 concurrent users or 10,000 calls per minute—on the system. You may not want to use the response time condition alone in a policy that initiates a remedial action if the load is low, even if the response time threshold is reached. The first part of the condition would evaluate the response time performance measurement and the second part would ensure that the health rule is violated only when there is sufficient load.
The health rule evaluation scope defines how many nodes in the affected entities must violate the condition before the health rule is considered violated.
Evaluation scope applies only to business transaction performance type health rules and node health type health rules in which the affected entities are defined at the tier level.
For example, you may have a critical condition in which the condition is unacceptable for any node, or you may want to consider the condition a violation only if the condition is true for 50% or more of the nodes in a tier.
The tier average: Evaluation is performed on the tier average instead of the individual nodes.
Any node: If any node exceeds the thresholds, the rule is violated.
Percentage of the nodes: If x% of the nodes exceed the thresholds, the rule is violated.
Number of nodes: If x nodes exceed the thresholds, the rule is violated.
Conditions are classified as either critical or warning conditions.
Critical conditions are evaluated before warning conditions. If you have defined a critical condition and a warning condition in the same health rule, the warning condition is evaluated only if the critical condition is not true.
As performance changes, a health rule violation can be upgraded from warning to critical if performance deteriorates to the higher threshold or downgraded from critical to warning if performance improves to the warning threshold.
Identify the key metrics on the key entities that you need to monitor.
Click Alert & Respond > Health Rules to examine any default health rules that were provided by AppDynamics.
Compare your list of metrics with the metrics configured in these rules.
If the default health rules cover all the key metrics you need, determine whether the pre-configured conditions are applicable to your environment. If necessary, modify the conditions for your needs.
You can also view the list of affected entities for each of the default health rules and modify the entities.
If default health rules do not cover all your needs or if you need very finely-applied health rules to cover specific use cases, create new health rules.
First, identify the type of health rule that you want to create. See Health Rule Types.
Then decide which entities should be affected by the new rule. See Entities Affected by a Health Rule.
Then define the conditions to monitor.
Create schedules for health rules, if needed.
In some situations, a health rule is more useful if it runs at a particular time. See Health Rule Schedules.
After you set up health rules you must configure policies and actions to run when health rules are violated. See Policies and Actions.
To view current health rules, including the default health rules, and to access the health rule wizard, click Alert & Respond > Health Rules. Then choose the type of entity for which you want health rules from the pulldown menu at the top.
Current health rules are listed in the left panel. If you click one of these rules, a list appears in the right panel showing which entities this selected health rule affects and what the status of the latest evaluation is. You can also select the Evaluation Events tab to see a detailed list of evaluation events.
In the left panel, you can directly delete or duplicate a health rule. From here you can also access the health rule wizard to add a new rule or edit an existing one.
You can turn off evaluation of all health rules in the selected entity by clearing the Evaluate Health Rules check box. Check it when you want health rule evaluation to start again.
See Configure Health Rules for details on using the health rule wizard.
If you see a health rule violation reported in the UI, you can click it to get more information about the violation.
In the dashboards, health rule violations are displayed in the Events panel.


Drawing Realistic Texture . . . in Pencil When you are drawing realistic texture in pencil, whether it is a graphite pencil or a charcoal pencil, the process is similar. Simply put, you have to think tactile...if you draw something that is rough, think rough. how to change option from opening with pdf to jpg The pencil can teach you secrets for drawing your viewers in, so they stand close and look long. Take a pleasant break from your regular medium to learn these lessons. Or draw, as J.D. does, simply for the joy of drawing.
Pencil artists have developed a number of techniques that can be used to give their pencil sketches texture. Using these techniques, a pencil sketch can be brought to life with different textures and shading, giving the drawing depth and realistic detail.
You'll explore pencil drawing techniques using a variety of leads and sizes, learning how to create a range of values for skin textures in light and shadow. Improve your portrait drawings now with Maureen's clearcut exercises and examples that will help you draw realistic faces every time.


The Joseph L. Mayberry Professor of Pathology and Toxicology at Northwestern University was established in 1995 in honor of its late Chairman of the Board, Mr. Joseph L. Mayberry.
The purpose of this Endowed Chair at this internationally recognized institution is to expand the knowledge of human physiology and of the effects of natural and synthetic chemicals on humans. It is hoped that by encouraging research and by developing better scientific methods to assess the risks and benefits of chemical products, there will be advances in both medicine and in understanding of human physiology.
The establishment of this professorship in the name of Joseph L. Mayberry is appropriate and consistent with his and his family's commitment to the dry-cleaning industry and all those who work in it and are served by it, and consistent with a belief in informed and responsible use of chemical products.
Mayberry first recognized and organized the drycleaning industry's response to unjustified regulation of the industry in the mid 1970's. At the same time as being opposed to regulation based on inadequate or inaccurate scientific data, Mayberry loved the natural world and is remembered as saying time and time again that: 'We all must preserve the environment for our children and grandchildren.'"
Dr. Kathleen Green is the Joseph L. Mayberry Professor of Pathology and Dermatology and is the Associate Chair of Research and Graduate Education in Pathology at the Northwestern University School of Medicine. Green's past work facilitated the discovery of a new gene family, now called the "plakin" family."
Her current research is directed toward understanding the role of "intercellular adhesive junctions," the cellar "skeletal structures" and basic molecular workings of cells, particularly skin cells. This research contributes to our understanding of all cellular changes including : changes that occur from birth to adulthood, how wounds heal, and the mechanisms of cancer cells . By understanding the molecular structure of cells, particularly skin cells, it is hoped that research may find better ways to treat injuries, cancer, skin disorders and related forms of heart disease.
Dr. Ryoichi Oyasu was selected by the medical faculty of Northwestern to be the first recipient of the Joseph L. Mayberry Professorship. A highly acclaimed medical researcher and an attending pathologist at Northwestern Memorial hospital as well as at the Veterans Administration Lakeside Medical Center, he has published more than 120 scientific research papers and authored or co-authored four books. During his tenure as the Mayberry Professor of Pathology, Dr Ryoichi Oyasu's research was primarily on bladder and prostrate cancer mechanisms and their impact on potential treatments.
All content and design ©2019 R.R. Street and Co. Inc., All rights reserved.


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Worried About NJ's COVID-19 Police Raiding Your Thanksgiving Party? One Chief Says Don't
Featured News/Jersey Shore News/Monmouth County News/New Jersey News/Police Blotter/Trending Viral News
HOWELL TOWNSHIP, NJ – Howell Township Police Department Chief Andrew Kudrick said residents on Thanksgiving don't have to fear roving police patrols looking in their windows to enforce Governor Phil Murphy's ban on large Thanksgiving dinners, but asked residents to be familiar with the executive order and to not put police into the position of having to break up huge parties that are egregious in their violations.
"We are in difficult times. Our community is hurting. We have seen an increase in mental health issues. People are depressed and stressed. Businesses are trying to survive. Some have already closed," Kudrick said. "The holidays and social gatherings bring family and friends together. The latest order restricts the number of persons permitted within households and restaurants."
Related News: Two shot in Baltimore on Wednesday
Kudrick said his comments are in no way to be taken as defiance of the Governor's orders, but said he doesn't want to insert his police officers into complaints about social distancing and mask-wearing violations and thus the department will no longer respond to those calls.
Governor Phil Murphy did not take kindly to Kudrick's position.
"I don't know who this guy is," Murphy said of Chief Kudrick. "It's the obligation of all law enforcement to enforce the laws and executive orders that are in place."
Chief Kudrick noted that Howell residents have so far done a great job enforcing themselves when it comes to COVID-19.
"From the beginning of this pandemic, we have relied upon our community to be responsible by limiting exposure and spread of this virus. This will continue without our enforcement intervention," Kudrick said. "However, we the police will not be used to carry out orders I feel are detrimental to our relationship with our community. Or, will put officers in a no-win predicament such as being called for a social distancing or mask complaint. Although justified in our enforcement, the perception will be the opposite, and majority support will be lacking."
Related News: Man shot dead in Yonkers apartment, police say attack was targeted
Murphy and his fellow Democrats have marched in support of defunding police and having social workers handle non-violent crimes instead of putting an armed police officer in the middle of a situation that is essentially a civil matter. Now, Murphy is calling on police to insert themselves into a healthcare scenario where no crimes have been committed or clear victims and perpetrators established.
Kudrick said he encourages all residents to know and understand the Governor's executive order.
"I do believe we all have to do our part to end this pandemic," Kudrick said. "The only time we will consider a response would be for an egregious violation such as a packed house party. If these restrictions are exempt for political purposes, then family and friends should be permitted to gather with equal consideration."
Related News: Man Shot on Martin Luther King Boulevard on Martin Luther King Day
Murphy disagreed, saying Executive Order violations are egregious violations against the state, law and order that put lives at risk, perhaps far more than the risks of setting thousands of convicted criminals free from the state prison system. Grandma not wearing a mask is a much more serious concern than setting a convicted sexual predator or violent criminal free from prison on an early COVID-19 release.
"This not some minor infraction, these executive orders are about saving peoples' lives," Murphy said.
Watch: President Donald J. Trump Gives Farewell Address from White House
New owner of Tiger King's Joe Exotic's Animal Park Ordered to Give Back Lion and Her Cubs
Former Correctional Officer Charged with Civil Rights Violations for Assaulting Inmates
Watch: Kayleigh McEnany Slams Media, Says "I don't call on activists"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home | Inside Cover
Tags: Craigslist | Founder | Touts
Craigslist Founder Touts Obama
By Newsmax Staff | Tuesday, 05 February 2008 01:04 PM
Craig Newmark, founder of the mostly free social networking and classifieds Web site Craigslist, has come out in support of Barack Obama in the race for the White House.
Newmark disclosed that he was backing Obama in an interview with LAist, a Web site focusing on Los Angeles. Asked why, he responded:
"First, the guy is an actual leader. People across our country want to restore American values in the way we run our government. He has inspired people to get together. That's what it means to be a leader. He's trying to change government to one in which people can run it.
"In the interest of fair play, I've asked someone from the Hillary [campaign] to contact me but haven't heard anything."
Asked why he is not supporting Hillary, Newmark said: "I do think she is a good candidate. I really do believe in her, but not as much as Obama."
Newmark, who told Newsmax that he respects Bill Clinton because, "In the last seven years, I've realized that he was much better than I [thought], and I respect his philanthropic work," was also asked about the "accusations [Bill] has lobbed Obama's way and his tone the last few weeks?"
Said Newmark: "Bill Clinton has done some great stuff, some great things for this country, but he needs to check his facts. He has been wrong on a lot of things and the folks at Fact Check exposed a lot of things he has said as wrong."
InsideCover
Craig Newmark, founder of the mostly free social networking and classifieds Web site Craigslist, has come out in support of Barack Obama in the race for the White House.Newmark disclosed that he was backing Obama in an interview with LAist, a Web site focusing on Los...
Craigslist,Founder,Touts
Tuesday, 05 February 2008 01:04 PM


text:
中文(台灣) / Traditional Chinese
As Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe (UK) LLP is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority ("SRA"), we are required to publish information on the prices that we charge in relation to certain specified services under the SRA Transparency Rules.
The provision of advice and representation to employers, in relation to defending claims before the Employment Tribunal, brought by an employee for unfair dismissal or wrongful dismissal.
The normal range of costs of the service:
Simple case: £25,000 - £35,000 (excluding VAT)
Medium complexity case: £35,000 - £65,000 (excluding VAT)
High complexity case: £65,000 - £250,000 (excluding VAT)
Factors that could make a case more complex include:
complex preliminary issues such as whether claims are out of time or brought against the right person
·other claims that are linked to the dismissal, including discrimination or whistleblowing
defending claims that are brought by litigants in person
the number of witnesses and documents and the nature of the documents requested
the appointment of a barrister to appear in the case in the tribunal
the number of days of the hearing
Please be advised, that the Employment Tribunal is a no costs jurisdiction which means that even if you are successful in all your claims or defending all the claims, there are no costs awards made (save in unusual circumstances). Therefore, each party must bear their own costs regardless of the outcome.
The basis for our charges
Our fees are calculated mainly by reference to hourly rates, but take into account the time demands of the engagement, its complexity, the skills and knowledge required, its importance to you and the seniority and experience of our personnel involved.
Hourly rates for our lawyers range from £430 for our most junior associates to £650 for our most senior partners respectively, and hourly rates for our trainees range from £255 to £285. These rates are exclusive of any applicable VAT.
Please visit the 'People' section on our website to review the experience and qualifications of all the lawyers who carry out work within this area.
Counsel's fees are estimated between £5,000 to £35,000 for preparation and the first day of the hearing, and a daily rate for any additional day is estimated between £500 to £3000 per day (excluding VAT) (depending on experience of the advocate) for representing you at a Tribunal Hearing.
Photocopying costs for the bundle of documents are estimated to cost between £100 - £2000 (excluding VAT). Please be advised that the cost for preparing the bundle is usually covered by the Respondent or shared between the Respondent and the Claimant.
Key stages and timescales
The fees set out above cover the work in relation to the following key stages of a defence of a claim:
Taking your initial instructions, reviewing the papers and advising you on the merits and the likely outcome (this is likely to be revisited throughout the matter and subject to change)
Entering into pre-claim conciliation which is mandatory to explore whether a settlement can be reached
Preparing the defence
Preparing for (and attending) a Preliminary Hearing/Case Management Conference to consider the issues in the claim and to set the timetable to the Hearing
Agreeing a list of issues, a chronology and/or cast list
Exchange of documents and review of documents coupled with document requests for specific disclosure
Preparation of a joint bundle of documents
Taking witness statements, drafting statements and agreeing their content with witnesses and exchanging witness statements
Reviewing and advising on witness statements
Reviewing a schedule of loss
Preparation for and attendance at full hearing, including instructing counsel
How long will my matter take?
The time that it takes to bring such a matter to conclusion varies widely depending on the issues, the complexity and the tribunal where the matter is being heard, but the average is currently around 7 - 12 months. This is just an estimate and we would, of course, be able to give you a more accurate timescale once we have more information and as the matter progressed.


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Streaming Analytics is a data processing paradigm which is gaining much traction lately, mainly because more and more data is available as events through web services and real-time sources rather than being collected and packaged in data batches.
Over the past years, we have seen a number of projects which are tackling this problem. Some are stemming from batch analysis and achieve streaming computing by scheduling data processing at a high rate (micro-batching). Other projects started by dealing with event processing and moved up to process bigger data collections.
Streaming analytics can be applied to both relational, NoSQL and document oriented data stores. The underlying datastore and persistency model has a profound effect on the nature of the streaming analytics solution devised.
So, how can we classify streaming computing initiatives?
From here on, let's focus on the engines, as streaming computing engines are the foundation for any domain-specific streaming application. Streaming engines can be seen as distributed data OS'es.
Development epoch and influences. Which came first, which ideas and lesson learned have influenced later projects?
State:How is the state preserved? Is there a memory to disk spilling strategy? How are snapshots managed? What is the cost of a full state restore? Can events be replayed?
Resiliency:How well can the distributed processing engine deal with failure? What about replaying incoming events? Does the architecture provide any guarantees about exactly-once data processing?
Streaming computing paradigm. Event- or Batch- based? What is the sweet spot for a given engine in terms of streaming processing latency and throughput?
Underlying resource orchestration, think for instance of Mesos, Yarn, etc.
Here below, a very opinionated chart of a number of bespoken streaming processing technologies which have been developed in the last years. Do please take the following picture with a good pinch of salt as it's more inspirational rather than being thorough or accurate in any ways.
Apache Flink is a community-driven open source framework for distributed big data analytics, like Hadoop and Spark. The core of Apache Flink is a distributed streaming dataflow engine written in Java and Scala. It aims to bridge the gap between MapReduce-like systems and shared-nothing parallel database systems. Therefore, Flink executes arbitrary dataflow programs in a data-parallel and pipelined manner. Flink's pipelined runtime system enables the execution of bulk/batch and stream processing programs. Furthermore, Flink's runtime supports the execution of iterative algorithms natively.
Flink programs can be written in Java or Scala and are automatically compiled and optimized into dataflow programs that are executed in a cluster or cloud environment. Flink does not provide its own data storage system, input data must be stored in a distributed storage system like HDFS or HBase. For data stream processing, Flink consumes data from (reliable) message queues like Kafka.
Spark Streaming is an extension of the core Spark API that enables scalable, high-throughput, fault-tolerant stream processing of live data streams. Data can be ingested from many sources like Kafka, Flume, Kinesis, or TCP sockets, and can be processed using complex algorithms expressed with high-level functions like map, reduce, join and window. Finally, processed data can be pushed out to filesystems, databases, and live dashboards. In fact, you can apply Spark's machine learning and graph processing algorithms on data streams.
Internally, it works as follows. Spark Streaming receives live input data streams and divides the data into batches, which are then processed by the Spark engine to generate the final stream of results in batches. Spark Streaming provides a high-level abstraction called discretized stream or DStream, which represents a continuous stream of data. DStreams can be created either from input data streams from sources such as Kafka, Flume, and Kinesis, or by applying high-level operations on other DStreams. Internally, a DStream is represented as a sequence of RDDs.
This guide shows you how to start writing Spark Streaming programs with DStreams. You can write Spark Streaming programs in Scala, Java or Python (introduced in Spark 1.2), all of which are presented in this guide. You will find tabs throughout this guide that let you choose between code snippets of different languages.
Essentially Storm 2.0, compatible with the storm API, but with better support for state and resources management. Heron is designed to be fully backward compatible with existing Apache Storm projects, which means that you can migrate an existing Storm topology to Heron by making just a few adjustments to the topology's pom.xml Maven configuration file.
Embedded distributed computing in kafka queues. Provides standalone "processor" client besides the existing producer and consumer clients for processing data consumed from Kafka and storing results back to Kafka. A processor computes on a stream of messages, with each message composed as a key-value pair. Processor receives one message at a time and does not have access to the whole data set at once. The k-stream processor api supports per-message processing and time-triggered processing. Multiple processors should be able to chained up to form a DAG (i.e. the processor topology) for complex processing logic.
Users can define such processor topology in a exploring REPL manner: make an initial topology, deploy and run, check the results and intermediate values, and pause the job and edit the topology on-the-fly. Users can create state storage inside a processor that can be accessed locally. For example, a processor may retain a (usually most recent) subset of data for a join, aggregation / non-monolithic operations.
Apache Samza is a distributed stream processing framework. It uses Apache Kafka for messaging, and Apache Hadoop YARN to provide fault tolerance, processor isolation, security, and resource management. Samza provides a callback-based "process message" API comparable to MapReduce. Samza manages snapshotting and restoration of a stream processor's state. When the processor is restarted, Samza restores its state to a consistent snapshot. Samza is built to handle large amounts of state (many gigabytes per partition). Samza works with YARN to transparently migrate your tasks to another machine.
The purpose is to offer an intuitive and safe way to formulate stream processing setups such that we can then execute them efficiently and with bounded resource usage—no more OutOfMemoryErrors. In order to achieve this our streams need to be able to limit the buffering that they employ, they need to be able to slow down producers if the consumers cannot keep up. This feature is called back-pressure and is at the core of the Reactive Streams initiative of which Akka is a founding member.
For you this means that the hard problem of propagating and reacting to back-pressure has been incorporated in the design of Akka Streams already, so you have one less thing to worry about; it also means that Akka Streams interoperate seamlessly with all other Reactive Streams implementations (where Reactive Streams interfaces define the interoperability SPI while implementations like Akka Streams offer a nice user API).
Gearpump is a real-time big data streaming engine. It is inspired by recent advances in the Akka framework and a desire to improve on existing streaming frameworks. Gearpump is event/message based and featured as low latency handling, high performance, exactly once semantics, dynamic topology update, Apache Storm compatibility, etc. Smaller project with a community at Intel.
Akka deliver the Actor Model as a programming abstraction to to build scalable, resilient and responsive applications. For fault-tolerance we adopt the "let it crash" model which the telecom industry has used with great success to build applications that self-heal and systems that never stop. Actors also provide the abstraction for transparent distribution and the basis for truly scalable and fault-tolerant applications.
Log stash can also be used for streaming processing and aggregations. In particular log stash has a large collection of plugins for source extraction, data transformation, and output connectors. Elastic search can also be used to provide a micro batch analysis of the results. This approach is however weaker in terms of management of the resources and the guarantees for resiliency and durability.
Apache Storm is a distributed computation framework written predominantly in the Clojure programming language. Originally created by Nathan Marz and team at BackType the project was open sourced after being acquired by Twitter. It uses custom created "spouts" and "bolts" to define information sources and manipulations to allow batch, distributed processing of streaming data. The initial release was on 17 September 2011.
A Storm application is designed as a "topology" in the shape of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with spouts and bolts acting as the graph vertices. Edges on the graph are named streams and direct data from one node to another. Together, the topology acts as a data transformation pipeline. At a superficial level the general topology structure is similar to a MapReduce job, with the main difference being that data is processed in real time as opposed to in individual batches. Additionally, Storm topologies run indefinitely until killed, while a MapReduce job DAG must eventually end.
Trident is a high-level abstraction for doing realtime computing on top of Storm. It allows you to seamlessly intermix high throughput (millions of messages per second), stateful stream processing with low latency distributed querying. Trident has support for joins, aggregations, grouping, functions, and filters. In addition to these, Trident adds primitives for doing stateful, incremental processing on top of any database or persistence store. Trident has consistent, exactly-once semantics, so it is easy to reason about Trident topologies.


This summer, join our team and experience the most transformative 4 weeks of your life. So much more than just a summer job, working at a Pro Soccer Camp means joining a vibrant athletic movement.
In addition to benefiting from our unwavering commitment to individualized professional development, you'll strengthen leadership skills, work hard, and laugh even harder.
You'll be a crucial member of a thoughtfully-formed team and others will rely on you to bring your best self to camp every day. You'll be tinkering and creating, all the while making an indelible mark on hundreds of campers. Camp days are long but so worth the rewards. In fact, it's not unusual for staffers to realize their own dreams while helping a camper learn to dribble a ball or shoot their first goal. Already doing what you love during the school year? Pro Soccer Camp can provide a renewed sense of purpose and an invaluable "toolbox," so you can do it even better.
If the perfect role isn't apparent, don't fret—apply for the position you're most excited about, and we'll work with you to find an ideal fit. Want to feel even more prepared?
Check out our positions below to find the right fit for your education level and experience.
Extended Care Coordinators Oversee all aspects of the camp location's Extended Care Program.
Working closely with the Camp Director and Operations Coordinator, Extended Care Coordinators are responsible for ensuring a high level of camper safety, strong program delivery, and quality staff, camper, and parent experience. You will help generate enthusiasm and inspire our campers after the end of the traditional camp day, where they will engage in additional activities and structured downtime.
Bookend the camp day with fun, inspired programming that is the perfect complement to the camp day.
Master the Pro Soccer Camp Standards and gain knowledge you'll employ in both life and work, long after the camp season ends.
Create a safe, fearless and engaging learning environment for all campers.
Mentor fellow staff, and work with your Camp Director to strengthen group management and program development expertise.
Share the magic of camp with families while providing excellent customer service.
Camp Director Oversee all aspects of the camp.
As a Camp Director, you're at the center of your own buzzing hive of innovation, hiring your staff, managing their professional development, overseeing camp operations, building relationships with parents and members of the community, and inspiring campers from preschool to middle school to explore and fail without fear. Plus, you'll develop your camp's own personal flavor, creating the traditions and culture that make your slice of Pro Soccer Camp one of a kind.
Happily support camp operations to keep camp running smoothly, from setting up space for families to check-in each morning to tagging in when Team Coaches need a break.
Soak in the Pro Soccer Camp Standard and gain knowledge you'll employ in both life and work, long after the camp season ends.
Work with your camp's Director to develop valuable professional skills.


text:
from farmfs.fs import Path, LINK, DIR, FILE, ingest, ROOT, walk
from delnone import delnone
from os.path import sep
from functools import total_ordering
from farmfs.util import safetype
from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible

try:
    from itertools import imap
except ImportError:
    # On python3 map is lazy.
    imap = map

@total_ordering
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class SnapshotItem:
    def __init__(self, path, type, csum=None):
        assert isinstance(type, safetype)
        assert type in [LINK, DIR], type
        if (isinstance(path, Path)):
            path = path._path  # TODO reaching into path.
        assert isinstance(path, safetype), path
        if type == LINK:
            if csum is None:
                raise ValueError("checksum should be specified for links")
        self._path = ingest(path)  # TODO do we know this is already safetype?
        self._type = ingest(type)
        self._csum = csum and ingest(csum)  # csum can be None.

    # TODO create a path comparator. cmp has different semantics.
    def __cmp__(self, other):
        assert other is None or isinstance(other, SnapshotItem)
        if other is None:
            return -1
        # Legacy snaps have leading '/' and modern ones are realative to ROOT.
        # Adding a './' before allows us to work around th issue.
        self_path = Path("./" + self._path, ROOT)
        other_path = Path("./" + other._path, ROOT)
        return self_path.__cmp__(other_path)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) == 0

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) != 0

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.__cmp__(other) < 0

    def get_tuple(self):
        return (self._path, self._type, self._csum)

    def get_dict(self):
        return delnone(dict(path=self._path,
                            type=self._type,
                            csum=self._csum))

    def pathStr(self):
        assert isinstance(self._path, safetype)
        return self._path

    def is_dir(self):
        return self._type == DIR

    def is_link(self):
        return self._type == LINK

    def csum(self):
        assert self._type == LINK, "Encountered unexpected type %s in SnapshotItem for path %s" % (self._type, self._path)
        return self._csum

    def __str__(self):
        return "<%s %s %s>" % (self._type, self._path, self._csum)

    def to_path(self, root):
        return root.join(self._path)

class Snapshot:
    pass

class TreeSnapshot(Snapshot):
    def __init__(self, root, is_ignored, reverser):
        assert isinstance(root, Path)
        self.root = root
        self.is_ignored = is_ignored
        self.reverser = reverser
        self.name = '<tree>'

    def __iter__(self):
        root = self.root
        def tree_snap_iterator():
            for path, type_ in walk(root, skip=self.is_ignored):
                if type_ is LINK:
                    # We put the link destination through the reverser.
                    # We don't control the link, so its possible the value is
                    # corrupt, like say wrong volume.
                    # Or perhaps crafted to cause problems.
                    ud_str = self.reverser(path.readlink())
                elif type_ is DIR:
                    ud_str = None
                elif type_ is FILE:
                    continue
                else:
                    raise ValueError("Encounted unexpected type %s for path %s" % (type_, path))
                yield SnapshotItem(path.relative_to(root), type_, ud_str)
        return tree_snap_iterator()

class KeySnapshot(Snapshot):
    def __init__(self, data, name, reverser):
        assert data is not None
        self.data = data
        self._reverser = reverser
        self.name = name

    def __iter__(self):
        def key_snap_iterator():
            assert self.data
            for item in self.data:
                if isinstance(item, list):
                    assert len(item) == 3
                    (path_str, type_, ref) = item
                    assert isinstance(path_str, safetype)
                    assert isinstance(type_, safetype)
                    if ref is not None:
                        csum = self._reverser(ref)
                        assert isinstance(csum, safetype)
                    else:
                        csum = None
                    parsed = SnapshotItem(path_str, type_, csum)
                elif isinstance(item, dict):
                    parsed = SnapshotItem(**item)
                yield parsed
        return iter(sorted(key_snap_iterator()))

@python_2_unicode_compatible
class SnapDelta:
    REMOVED = u'removed'
    DIR = DIR
    LINK = LINK
    _modes = [REMOVED, DIR, LINK]

    def __init__(self, pathStr, mode, csum=None):
        assert isinstance(pathStr, safetype), "didn't expect type %s" % type(pathStr)
        assert isinstance(mode, safetype) and mode in self._modes
        if mode == self.LINK:
            # Make sure that we are looking at a csum, not a path.
            assert csum is not None and csum.count(sep) == 0
        else:
            assert csum is None
        self._pathStr = pathStr
        self.mode = mode
        self.csum = csum

    def path(self, root):
        return root.join(self._pathStr)

    def __str__(self):
        # TODO Not a great encoding.
        return "{" + self.path("") + "," + self.mode + "," + self.csum + "}"

# TODO duplicated in volume
def encode_snapshot(snap):
    return list(imap(lambda x: x.get_dict(), snap))

# TODO duplicated in volume
def decode_snapshot(splitter, reverser, data, key):
    return KeySnapshot(data, key, splitter, reverser)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
ART & COMEDY SHOWS
Upcoming Art & Comedy Shows
Past Art Shows
Past Comedy, Workshops, Events
Hot Talks
Ashes, Ashes, We All Fall Down
Aug 4–27, 2016
Featuring Flavia, Christel Chan, Jane Q Cheng, Minjoo Kim, Chelsea O'Byrne and Rachel Wada, Ashes, Ashes, We All Fall Down takes an inquisitive look at how nostalgia serves as a point of reference for both identity and art. The six local artists explore how memory provides an ongoing context for all of our thoughts and ideas, despite paradoxically being an unreliable source of information. Drawing from their own individual memories, they aim to find vestiges of the past hiding in the darkest corners of the present.
Click here to see photos from the show on Flickr >
Thanks to the Fox Cabaret for hosting our afterparty.
Ever since Flavia could hold a pen, she's been drawing rainbows, hearts, and cats with spikes. Her kindergarten teacher suggested she attend Emily Carr University of Art & Design. And that's just what she did. In 2015, Flavia graduated from Emily Carr University of Art and Design with a major in illustration. Her childhood included a large amount of time vegetating with a gazillion picture books (which were stored in an unplugged fridge) and her beloved television set. The TV and pictures from the pages of children's book fueled her imagination and continue to inspire her today.
Jane Q Cheng is a Vancouver-based artist. Her interests focus on creating dialogue between illustration and contemporary art practices and finding spaces where the traditional and experimental overlap. Through various topics, she takes advantage of what she sees as illustration's central yet peripheral standing in contemporary art discourse.
Christel Chan is an illustrator and designer with a Bachelor's of Fine Arts (Illustration concentration) from Emily Carr University of Art + Design in Vancouver, Canada. She spent most of her life in Hong Kong but moved to Vancouver to pursue her interest in art and design. In her paintings, she enjoys creating fantastical worlds by mixing the ordinary and the magical.
Rachel Wada is an interdisciplinary illustrator currently based in Vancouver, BC. She is a recent graduate of Emily Carr University's Bachelor of Fine Arts program with a focus in illustration. Her artistic practice involves intricate illustrations executed in a variety of mediums from watercolor, ink, graphite and gouache. She also utilizes digital media and silkscreen printing to produce her 2D illustrations. Her inspirations include traditional Chinese painting, ukiyo-e painting, tattoos and editorial illustration. Rachel has participated in a handful of art exhibitions around Vancouver, and her piece has recently been accepted in the Society of Illustrators: Student Scholarship Competition, where her piece was displayed in the student exhibition in New York.
Minjoo Kim is an illustrator based both in Seoul and Vancouver. In her illustrations, she captures the moments and the feelings that pass us by unnoticed. She believes that the most mundane moments can be the happiest moments in life, once stopped and looked closely into. She wishes to create illustrations and stories that enable the viewers to enjoy that moment and to help them revisit and cherish their own stories that they have missed in their life.
Tweets by @HotARTWetCity
© 2014 Hot Art Wet City


There are currently no tests in argparse that test the content of error messages, which is fairly standard for stdlib tests since the error messages aren't considered part of the API (only the nature of the exception is).  So there's really no existing test class in test_argparse that would be an appropriate place to put a unit test for this.
I would instead create a new class.  Perhaps TestErrorContent?  For this test it would probably be best to use assertRaisesRegexp and just check to make sure that the expected list of argument names appears in the message (that is, don't test the contents of the remainder of the message).  You should test several combinations.  (The argparse tests do some fancy footwork around errors, though, so you may not be able to use assertRaisesRegexp directly).
Your reference to TestArgumentError reveals a minor bug in the tests: there are actually two test classes named TestArgumentError.  Presumably the second one was indeed supposed to be TestArgumentTypeError.  I've fixed that in r86542.


text:
Q: Procedural implementation of factorial I'm a Mathematica beginner.
I want to define a factorial function in a procedural way. There are other ways to define factorial function, but I'm asking about the Mathematica grammar equivalent to a for-loop in C++.
Here is the code in C++. How would I convert the code to Mathematica code?
int fac(int n)
{
    int res = 1;
    for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
    {
        res *= i;
    }
    return res;
}

How do I convert res *= i; and return res; to Mathematica equivalent?

A: Mathematica has a much sneered at For function that exists for the purpose of making it easy to translate C/C++ code like yours into Mathematica form.  For your function, the translation looks like
fac[n_Integer /; n > 0] :=
  Module[{res = 1, i},
    For[i = 1, i <= n, i++, res *= i];
    res]

and
fac[6]

720

Be aware, however, there is a lot syntactic sugar in this code. In Mathematica, comma ( , ) is the only delimiter. Semi-colon ( ; ) is neither a delimiter nor a terminator -- it is the binary operator form of the function CompoundExpression. Return is essentially never needed. Mathematica functions return the value of the last expression they evaluate. Module is a form that localizes variables, but not quite in the same way the { ... } does in C++.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


3T Interactive is a user experience research & design company based in Seattle, Washington. We have a mission: to help you deliver compelling experiences. We utilize a range of research methodologies to provide new discoveries about who your target customers are, what they do, how they do it, and what they need. We work with you to use those discoveries in transforming your product to an experience that will delight your customers and keep them coming back for more.
3T Interactive was founded in 2008 by Tammy Snow who left a cushy corporate job at Microsoft after 11 years. Prior to working at Microsoft Tammy worked at Novell for 9 years. Tammy is a customer experience expert who bridges customer insights with compelling solutions. She is passionate about her work because she has been a benefactor of technology and realizes that she is just geeky enough to figure a lot of things out. She loves the idea of being a part of making technology more accessible and usable for many people.


text:
OCTFME Recognizes Brendan Kownacki as the September 2019 Filmmaker of the Month
This American University alum is an innovative producer and filmmaker who regularly interfaces with celebrities, pop culture and politics. He serves as an advisory board member of the DC-based Artists and Athletes Alliance.
The District of Columbia Office of Cable Television, Film, Music, and Entertainment (OCTFME) is pleased to recognize Brendan Kownacki as the September 2019 Filmmaker of the Month.
Brendan Kownacki is an experienced and innovative producer who is working daily to push the boundaries of content utilization in public communication. Brendan leverages his background producing network news, and connections in the entertainment industry to combine informational and public affairs messaging with high-profile spokespeople, and a visually significant approach, to make sure viewers won't look away.
Brendan shares his expertise broadly, both to serve clients and to educate groups on the power of communication. His clients include media outlets, global brands, municipal governments, food policy initiatives, key players in the music industry, and numerous veterans groups; including work on Prince Harry's Invictus Games where he worked as part of the team to spearhead the celebrity ambassador program and produce content throughout the weeklong event. Brendan has contributed to several documentaries, produced TV segments, corporate videos, and was among the production team responsible for the long running PBS political roundtable show Think Tank. In 2009, Brendan worked with national television networks including ABC News, MSNBC, FOX Business Network, and MTV to simultaneously deliver coverage of the 2009 Inaugural events to national and international audiences.
"It's great to be acknowledged as the Filmmaker of the Month. I moved here 16 years ago and I went to school at American University. And since then, I've been working in different layers of the creative field here," said Brendan. "My business (Kownacki Media Holdings) turned 10 years old in March. So we're very proud of everything we've been able to add to the film and music and creative outlets here in Washington, DC."
In 2019, Brendan was appointed Chief Creative Officer for Brigadoon, a global network where entrepreneurs and thought leaders gather to make better connections and to discuss emerging issues shaping commerce and culture. He also serves as an advisory board member of the DC-based Artists and Athletes Alliance. "Film, television and music has meant so much to me in the 16 years I've lived in DC. A passion of mine has been helping Hollywood organizations and individuals to navigate DC, and then when I am in California, to help try and bring context about policy and politics to entertainment folks," said Brendan. "Working with Hollywood on the Potomac and the Artists & Athletes Alliance, as well as numerous clients, I am regularly interfacing with the Hollywood presence in DC; whether it is musicians performing, actors who are advocating on the Hill, or studios bringing their new films to premiere here. Some of the top issues we work with, and have brought Hollywood supporters on board for include, Veterans issues and military family support, Food policy and global sustainability, mental health and wellness programs, criminal justice reform, and ocean conservancy."
Since 2011, Brendan has served as the Senior Contributor for Hollywood on the Potomac, a Washington DC lifestyle website that looks at the intersection of power, politics, advocacy, and celebrity culture in the Nation's Capital and all over the world. Brendan has contributed written and video pieces to the site on topics including the Kennedy Center Honors, the Olympics, George Clooney's efforts to stop Genocide in the Sudan, and President Barack Obama's arts programs.
"At Kownacki Media Holdings, we look at helping to get other creative individuals in the city to meet their full potential and give them opportunities that maybe bigger companies might not be able to offer. But we also work on a lot of issues," stated Brendan. He continued, "And so that's everything from criminal justice reform, food policy, working with veterans here in Washington and making sure we're bringing a spotlight to the issues that are important to them. And the best way that I see to do that is to put them on film and let them tell their stories."
Brendan is an annual guest lecturer in the School of Communication at American University, his Alma Mater.
www.KownackiMedia.com
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bkownacki/
Demo Reel:
https://vimeo.com/bkownacki/review/189741868/fdefa364ad
The Jungle Book: Alive with Magic Comes to the White House https://vimeo.com/bkownacki/review/175697287/27e4379733
The West Wing Cast Reunites for Justice for Vets https://vimeo.com/bkownacki/review/168399219/73f7c6987f
A SOULful Reunion: https://youtu.be/nGM5HxRfKXQ
W Hotel Insider Explores Washington: https://vimeo.com/bkownacki/review/174369921/822971afba
***If you know of a filmmaker that would make a great future "Filmmaker of the Month," you can send OCTFME your recommendations using this nomination form.
The Office of Cable Television, Film, Music and Entertainment (OCTFME) produces and broadcasts programming for the District of Columbia's public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable television channels and digital radio station; regulates the District of Columbia's cable television service providers; provides customer service for cable subscribers; and supports a sustainable film, music, and entertainment creative economy and labor market in the District of Columbia.
OCTFME operates and manages the District's government television access channels: the District Council Channel (DCC), the District of Columbia Network (DCN), and the District Knowledge Network (DKN). OCTFME's award-winning content provides resourceful information on government activity, education, current events, history, music, arts and entertainment. OCTFME manages and programs DC Radio 96.3 HD4 digital radio station, the District of Columbia's first government radio station in partnership with Howard University's WHUR.
OCTFME provides production support services that advance film, television, video, entertainment, interactive, multimedia, and digital media content creators. These services include: permitting; location scouting; production support; job placement assistance; workforce development; and the DC Film, Television and Entertainment Rebate Fund.
OCTFME supports the creative economy through the Mayor Muriel Bowser Presents: 202Creates initiative, administering programs supporting the growth and sustainability of the creative industries in all 8 Wards of the District.
For more information, contact the Office of Cable Television, Film, Music, and Entertainment at (202) 671-0066, visit us online at: entertainment.dc.gov, and follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.
SEPTEMBER 2019 FOTM-Brendan Kownacki FINAL.pdf


The role of lighting and community engagement in the development of liveable, social and safe cities will be on the agenda at QUT Design Lab Social Lightscapes panel discussion.
The free event will be moderated by architect, urbanist and Director of Archipelago, Peter Edwards.
Panellists will include Dr Elettra Bordonaro, founder of Light Follows Behaviour, Dr Joanne Entwistle, King's College, London and Dr Don Slater, London School of Economics, who bring a unique breadth of expertise in light, urban space and material culture, lighting design, and social and community engagement.
They will discuss a range of timely topics followed by a Q & A with the audience and networking drinks.
Where: Level 6, Building Z9, QUT Kelvin Grove, cnr Musk Avenue and Gona Parade, Kelvin Grove.


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WATCH: Jimmy Barnes' Hit Book Is Now A Documentary
Jimmy Barnes' hard-hitting bestselling memoir, Working Class Boy, has been turned into a documentary.
The film recounts Barnes' struggles early in life, growing up in poverty and battles with family violence and alcoholism, before he became an Aussie rock legend.
It includes interviews with his Cold Chisel bandmates, his son and fellow singer David Campbell, and his wife Jane.
Barnes said he was "very excited" for everyone to see the film.
Jimmy Barnes: Working Class Boy is in cinemas from August 23.
Very excited for you all to see my upcoming documentary, based on my first book, Working Class Boy. In cinemas August 23rd. #WorkingClassBoy pic.twitter.com/yMfcIlz3H7
— Jimmy Barnes (@JimmyBarnes) June 27, 2018


Thank you for joining us here at the Disney Parks Moms Panel with your question. It's great to have you with us.
On many occasions, I have had goods delivered to a Disney Vacation Club Resort. While I have yet to try a meal delivery service, I am confident it would work in much the same way. Sometimes, our delivery is brought directly to our Villa while we are out exploring the theme parks. Other times, a quick stop at Bell Services or the Front Desk, and I have my things and I'm on my way.
With this method, I'm sure you will have the ingredients to prepare a tasty meal in your tastefully appointed full kitchen right as planned.
Please let us know if you have any additional questions, Linda! We are here for you.


We had one where we worked with the Tourism Board of Ireland, and they got a lot of their members to participate. [We featured] different parts of Ireland, with video and information.
And we're also doing a lot of educational platforms where we're teaching travel agents and travel suppliers about different regions and destinations, so they can be much more up to date when working with their clients.
We have a whole series ... and we have one specifically on Ireland Castles, one on golf, one on discover Northern Ireland, another one on Irish festivals, heritage and culture. So these are all specific events that we have that are live and then archived.
We have events—M&C Interact, for instance, that is an integrated digital [virtual] and hosted buyer face-to-face event. ... So we sell sponsorships to a destination, it could be for Phoenix [Convention and Visitors' Bureau], and sell them both a virtual event booth and as well as hosted-buyers sponsorship (in-person).
Skodzinski: Are most of your webinar/event programs sponsored or also paid for by attendees?
Kemp: They're all sponsored at this point. We've looked at a few media companies who are doing some paid-for webinars, and we've thought about it ... but generally all of our webinars and our online events are sponsored.
Skodzinski: How important have digital components been to your bottom line?
Kemp: It's a very fast-growing, double-digital growth part of our business. and strategically I think it's very important, as well as financially.
And potentially, you don't have some of the built-in costs factors that we do on the print side of our business with printing, paper and postage, but there's still a lot of investment in technology, infrastructure, product development ... and I spend a lot of my time worrying about finding new software developers. Twenty years ago we never worried about that; we looked for guys in the back office who were messing around with our computers. Now they're strategically a very important part of our business.


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Kevin Koym – Don't Just Build A Startup – Launch A Personal Revolution
Don't Just Build a Startup – Launch a Personal Revolution
Many business people make the mistake of thinking business is just about business.
Kevin explains why successful entrepreneurs will tell you what really matters is who they became through the process of building the business(es) that made them successful. Kevin shares why successful entrepreneurs, and those who wish to become one, need to be willing to re-invent themselves and look beyond business terms to build a company that matters.
As a seven-time startup veteran and CEO and founder of Tech Ranch Austin, a venture accelerator for early-stage technology companies, Kevin Koym is a recognized pioneer in the startup community whose influence has been felt by over 5,700 entrepreneurs from over 38 countries.
His motivation to work with startups stems from his belief that supported entrepreneurs create more innovation, which leads to more solutions to address society's most pressing issues. As a result, Kevin is known worldwide for his work in establishing entrepreneur networks in the U.S., Mexico, Chile, Singapore, Korea and Australia.
Find out more about Tech Range Austin.
Find out more about Venture Fourth.
Kevin also runs an online start-up course called Venture Start
2:35 – The idea behind the personal revolution
4:07 – The importance of a social network in business
5:44 – Why Austin, Texas has become the "most entrepreneurial city in the world" (it's about the culture)
8:12 – What is Venture Forth?
10:52 – Why Kevin's first dollars earned for this first start up was in Pesos
13:06 – Presentation starts
19:58 – How Kevin found his own mission in life
27:13 – What business book does Kevin recommend?
30:36 – The myth of the lone entrepreneur
33:35 – What we really need more of
34:36 – Q&A Starts
34:36 – Q1. Do you think entrepreneurs are born or made?
41:03 – Surround yourself with the right people
43:04 – Q2. Do you think there will be another industry which will be disrupted soon?
46:20 – More risky having a 9-to-5 job now than being an entrepreneur or freelance
CategoriesFreelancing & Entrepreneurship, Interviews
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Has the art improved from the first comic?
I really love drawing these comics, I had taken a bit of a break from it this week because of the holidays and drawing again today was a lot of fun. Making people laugh is my number 1 priority for these comics, I'm glad people find them entertaining.
It is a lot of work. Often I find myself uninspired, or tired, or wondering what the heck am I going to draw, or thinking I'll never get something done. I want to thank all my friends who support this site and to Megatron who helps out a ton. Thanks everyone. See you Thursday in 2008!
Merry Christmas from Comics in Disguise! (One day early of course... but close enough!) I never did anything special for Christmas last year and I had sort of regretted it, but this year I was able to get something ready. The comic is really out of the current timeline, but it fits into it as well.
Originally I was trying to think of something 'cute' to do, or funny, as I've seen on other sites or with other artwork. But I wanted to do something a little different. Like Ironhide, I have those I care about far away, even during the holiday season and I miss them very much. This comic is dedicated to you.
See you Monday! Happy Holidays to all!
Whew... What a crazy Sunday that was. The site was having some pretty... serious trouble, thank Primus localized to the forums. It's given me some food for thought... we'll see if anything comes from my fevered dreams.
Today's comic also marks the end of the little mini story arc of Prime and introducing his return to Earth with... the fembots! This should create lots of hilarious mayhem.
To everyone that is trying to get into the forums, they are down temporarily, I am currently trying to fix them without losing any data... wish me luck! I'll try and get them back up tonight and post as usual.
Has Ratchet gone insane? Another comic update? On a Friday? And it's about three times as long as other updates?
In truth I was building this comic this week in case for some reason the Mosaic couldn't go up on Wednesday - just as a back up. I could've waited and posted it Monday, but I want to move the story along just as much as everyone else.
So enjoy! A nice long update right before the weekend!
I'm really honoured to be a part of the project, I think the organizers are great and loyal fans who take time (as the rest of us do) out of our lives and put it towards something we all love.
December is plodding along.. only a few weeks left until Christmas... which reminds me I gotta get out there and start shopping. For... myself friends and family.
Forum members will recognize today's comic because I've been going on about it in the forums already. It always amazed me how quickly Smokescreen was able to agree to a complete evil stranger to wager Optimus Prime and the other Autobots for gambling money and then lose everything even after he had more than enough. Well, let that be a lesson, kids!
I also thought it would be funny to have only Smokescreen be the Autobot that saw Devcon, as they were together in the cartoon.
Well as the comic suggests, tomorrow is my bday! If you'd like to see the card Megatron got me last year (because it's hilarious) just check out last year's December news. You can also see it here.
The comic for today works both as well.. a comic update, and the Decepticon contribution thread. You guys should check it out, there's always some really funny and well drawn stuff in there.


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