Ståle Hansen, founder of CloudWay, talks about CloudWay, how we work, the bookchapter he has written and common misconceptions clients might have when integrating with the Microsoft cloud.
Below is a recap of the interview, while the full article can be read on Microsoft Tech Community.
Push on the "+" button to see a short version of his answers.
Can you tell us about your company, CloudWay AS? What do you do in your current role?
My role as Founder, CEO and Principal Cloud Architect at CloudWay AS is to enable my colleagues to reach their full potential in whatever direction they want to go. I want to share my experience and help them as a mentor and coach and remove blockers so that they can make a difference as speakers, bloggers, trainers, and succeed as consultants at the same time.
I believe that sharing knowledge and helping others will bring out the "helpers high" as Jason Silva puts it. That is when you get the energy to do more, when others benefit from your tips and tricks, it is a great feedback loop.
I started CloudWay AS in December 2016 and already we are three people, focusing on secure productivity.
How do you breakdown complex problems for those you work with?
When facing a complex tech problem, it is important to start from the inside out and always eliminate known factors as soon as possible.
At the same time, it is important to break down a problem into individual components.
I always focus on the end-goal, keeping end-users in flow and make sure features works as intended. Knowing the prerequisites for each feature is key to breaking it down to individual components.
What's your favorite part about attending industry conferences & events?
I love sharing my knowledge and lessons learned at industry events. Meeting likeminded people that are interested in Office 365 is always fun and we can have some good discussions.
Lately I have been sharing my thoughts on how to be productive using OneNote and the feedback was overwhelming with comments such as life changing and that this was a technique to be implemented right away.
Can you tell us about the book, "Office 365 for IT Pros"? What inspired you to contribute writing?
When I was researching Office 365 Groups, I had difficulty finding useful information since neither groups nor Office 365 is something new.
Then I came across the digital book, Office 365 for IT Pros, which is updated every week.
The authors did a great job reflecting on each possible approach and putting them in context.
I thought this was a great source of information and wondered if there were any areas where I could contribute and found that the there was not much content on Skype for Business Online, which is one of my primary areas of expertise.
I asked the authors, Tony Redmond, Michael Van Horenbeeck and Paul Cunningham, if they wanted help in that area and I ended up writing a dedicated chapter that I keep up to date as well as help keep the rest of the content up to date.
What's a common misconception your clients have about solving tech problems?
What I have learned over a long career in IT is not to make assumptions. Assuming that an integration works in the way you think rarely ends well.
As IT Pros we do not have the same freedom to tweak technology the way we used to, we need to follow supported standards and recommended approaches, which are changing fast.
By looking at the wanted result we need to find the correct approach, sometimes it seems there are multiple different ways to get you there, but only one or two that will. Having the knowledge and insights to find the correct approach is the way to go forward, and that is why I think that people with passion for learning are a great asset in today's cloud IT Pro world.


Business Secrets - Discovering the BEST Online Business Suppliers.
How NOT to make your first million dollars.
Product Sell Out Formula - Can You Handle it?
Renae Christine channel is new to VideoAmigo.
Select from the following topics where Renae Christine is classified.
A channel's spider chart is made up of 12 data points. This spider chart demonstrates how Renae Christine performs against each of the 12 data points. The teal line represents Renae Christine, and the black line represents the average performance for the 174 channels in the Starting/Running a Small Business topic.
Total Views: This channel's Total Views of 4,998,517 is 18.17% higher than the topic average of 4,229,771. All activity starts with views. The more there are, the more opportunity there is to grow by engaging viewers.
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B)Memorandum and Articles of affiliation : If an organization has memorandum and articles of affiliation they should be registered. Suppose high quality": People really don't desire an organization that sounds like they might build an inferior constructing; a constructing is someplace folks go to feel secure and shielded from the skin world! The most important part of having a software firm is arms down creating a very good title for your self and a trusted model that stands out in the trade. If you happen to use Amazon to purchase brand-name objects, then Gentle In The Field is your finest various as you will shortly rack up financial savings to be spent on even more nice brand identify items. If you're a visual kind, attempt coming up with logos to go along with every title you like and see if that helps you to make a decision! Having the best identify for your security business doesn't just mean you're in enterprise, it can be job safety!
For Amazon sellers looking to take the leap to their own eCommerce store, there is not an alternate that can compare to Shopify. I was concerned with the corporate just as an investor until we offered it three years in the past. Fruit of the Loom: The identify was inspired by paintings of fruit completed by the daughter of a buyer. If it helps, after you provide you with a number of names, see what kinds of logos you may provide you with to go with the names. Patrons file claims, even when it's known to be a rip-off and Amazon will refund the customer and take the money from the seller's account.
Now, coming up with actual software company names may be a hard job, but it does not should be! It gives merchandise in a wide range of categories combining merchandise shipped from Amazon warehouses and third get together sellers collectively in one place. BIC: This pen firm was named after Marcel Bich (one in every of its founders) who dropped the h to keep away from mispronunciation.
Frank Cheswick, GABELLI '70, principal of Cheswick Capital LLC, is an entrepreneur with more than 4 a long time of experience within the chancy enterprise of implementing ideas for brand new businesses. Berkshire Hathaway: This was a textile firm at first fashioned by the merger of Berkshire Tremendous Spinning and Hathaway Manufacturing. End of The Press Launch: You possibly can notify the top of the press launch by a straight line, like _____ or, or, ###, and many others. March 25, 2017 Update: GOOG ($815) and GOOGL ($835) have each significantly come off their highs within the last week. Rather than the corporate homeowners sharing earnings, any cash generated is paid back into the corporate to help additional its aims.
Even a barely unprofessional, inexperienced-sounding name can flip a possible customer off sufficient to not even bother to call for a consultation, which will solely damage what you are promoting. Our specially designed limited by assure company formation package supplies the whole lot you could form a company for non-revenue purposes, on the very reasonable price of just £29.ninety nine plus VAT. We offer a choice of company formation packages designed to make setting up a personal company as easy and straightforward as potential.


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The new partnership will provide customers with more options in the public and private sector by bringing near real-time data analysis from structured and unstructured data, including dark data content.
The Semantica platform will harness knf Technology's unique artificial intelligence (AI) assisted document scoring and prioritization assistance to enhance Semantica's ability to deliver ever-increasing throughput and significant efficiency gains for platform users.
By integrating knf Technology's contextual search analytics engine and natural language search capabilities with Semantica's flexible analytics platform, scalable data insights can be made across the enterprise.


Assemble various components, sub-assemblies and large weldments into pallet truck in a timely manner.
Install and connect DC electrical wiring.
Finish, install options as required and apply decals.
Perform operational tests and adjust as required by engineering specifications.
Ability to distinguish colors and have good binocular vision.
Requires walking, standing and frequent lifting up to 49.5 lbs.


The 2020 Tesla Model Y Prices Start From $65,000 for the single-engine Long Range. Deliveries from the beginning of 2021.
Tesla has opened the Italian configurator of the Tesla Model Y, the medium-sized suv the little sister of the Model X. As per tradition, the configurator can be accessed directly from the company's website and the entire order process will be exclusively online. The 2020 Tesla Model Y will be available in three versions: Long Range single engine, Dual Motor with all-wheel drive and the Performance variant. The Long Range with single engine it has a range of 540 km and a list price of 57,000 dollars, the Dual Motor, with dual engine and all-wheel drive, has a range of 505 km and a price of $69,054, and Performance Performance, the higher performance, costs $79243s and has a range of 480 km.
From the performance point of view the Performance, also with all-wheel drive, has an acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h in 3.7 seconds and a top speed of 241 km / h. The 20 "alloy wheels, a larger braking system, the carbon fiber spoiler, the lowered suspension, the aluminum alloy pedal and the track mode, which allows better control of the driving torque, also differentiate it from the other two versions. even when cornering. Also the Long Range and Dual Motor versions they can count on excellent performance; the Longe Range can, in fact, shoot from 0 to 100 km/h in 5.8 seconds and has a maximum speed of 209 km / h, the Dual Motor, instead, has a sprint from 0 to 100 km / h of 5.1 seconds and a top speed of 217 km / h.
The possibilities for external customization of the 2020 Tesla Model Y, as for the Model 3 sedan, they are reduced. In addition to the pastel black colors (standard), the buyer can choose metallic gray, metallic blue ocean, both at the extra cost of $1811, pearl white micalized at $2377 and medicalized red at $3056. In addition, there is the possibility of mounting Sport 19-inch alloy wheels, at the price of $1811 (the 18 "standards are standard). The darkened glass roof with UV and infrared protection is standard on all versions. Even for the interior, the Model Y SUV customization options are reduced. New Tesla Model Y, like the Model X, offers the possibility of having 7 seats; an addition which costs $3622. The standard color of the saddlery is black; to get the interior in white you need to shell out $1188 more.
The standard equipment of the Tesla Model Y is definitely rich, which for all versions includes: heated front and rear seats, electrically adjustable in 12 positions, three seats of the second row that can be individually folded, a premium audio system with 14 loudspeakers, 1 subwoofer, 2 amplifiers, multimedia system with satellite maps with navigation and display of the real-time traffic, multimedia content streaming via the internet, internet browsing, automatic location-based garage opening, LED fog lights, heated rear-view mirrors, electrically foldable and photochromic, music and multimedia content via Bluetooth, personalized driving profiles, center console with storage compartment, 4 USB ports and base for 2 smartphones.
On the 2020 Tesla Model Y, there is obviously no lack of the possibility of adding the advanced Autopilot assistance, which will be available in two versions, standard and enhanced. The standard version, which costs $3900, allows the car to automatically steer, accelerate and brake based on the presence of other vehicles and pedestrians in the lane. The enhanced version, which costs $6452, has, in addition, the navigation function with Autopilot, which allows the car to take a junction directly with the automatic driving, the automatic parking, parallel and perpendicular, Summon, with which you can call the car allowing it to reach the user within a parking lot, recognition and response to traffic lights and stop signs, automatic driving on city streets.
To reserve the Tesla Model Y you must pay a deposit, which will be fully refundable. Deliveries are expected from the beginning of 2021, one year after those of the Standard Range version.


$19.97 to renew? That's crazy! I do not spend that much for any of my magazine subscriptions and I have many. Meanwhile there are flyers in the copies of my latest Redbook mag for 12 issues for $12 as well as a free bag or free subscription for a friend (see enclosed). I have been a subscriber for over four years now, why should casual readers be rewarded with this offer and I am charged $19.97. I'm extremely happy with your publication, it's my favorite women's magazine, however I'm not happy about this price discrepancy. Please remove me from your Continuous Service Program.
Above is the letter that I just mailed back with my invoice. Hmph! Speaking of lifestyle magazines though check out my previous remarks on pitching Marie Claire, I let them have it too.
Irregular periods, fatigue, mood swings and many other signs are prior to menopause. The main menopause symptoms include memory lapses, weight gain, depression and many more. Normally the period after menopause is not normal its very disturbing and making body imbalance. Various natural treatments for menopause are available at different woman health clinics.
That is a little ridiculous, glad you sent that letter. Maybe they'll just send you a year for free now?
hm i've never been a mag subscriber but it does seem steep! i've never actually read redbook either! i should pick it up one of these days!
excatly CT, I couldn't find any phone number thus my snail mailing.


Kelly Kruger has thirty six years of experience in the field of acoustics and mechanical noise and vibration. Kelly has worked on a wide range of projects including hospitals, schools, correctional facilities, courthouses, auditoriums, audiometric installations, specialized music rooms and office buildings.
Kelly started his career with the Alberta Research Council and worked on the noise and vibration design of the initial leg on the Edmonton LRT system. During this time Kelly developed a specialized "ballast mat" used to isolate track vibration in sensitive locations.
In 1980 Kelly joined Alberta Infrastructure's Building Science Division where he was Manager of the Acoustics Section. Kelly was responsible for establishing acoustical design standards for all types government infrastructure. Over his tenure, many specialized studies were conducted including topics such as open plan office acoustics, speech intelligibility in classrooms, neo-natal acoustics, office privacy, and music room acoustics.
In 2010 Kelly joined the firm, Building Science Engineering Ltd. (BSE) which offers design, investigation, testing and inspection services primarily related to the building envelope and acoustics.
Alberta Legislature Building, New Edmonton Remand Centre, Calgary Court Centre, Jubilee Auditorium, Cross Cancer Centre, Old Man River Dam.
•	The Canadian Acoustical Association.
•	"Acoustical Design Case Study in an NICU Single Room Care Environment: Detailed Analysis of Design and Performance" 23nd Annual Gravens Conference on the Physical and Developmental Environment of the High Risk Infant, 2010.
•	"Sound Field Systems Design Guide for Classrooms" Alberta Infrastructure – current on line publication, 2004.
•	" A Comparison of Subjective Speech Intelligibility Tests in Reverberant Environments". Canadian Acoustics Vol. 19, No. 4, 1991.
•	"The Effect of Various Parameters on the Sound Isolation Between Offices with Suspended Ceilings". Canadian Acoustics, Vol.16, No.2, 1988.
•	"Acoustics in Recreation Facilities – Design Guidelines". Alberta Government Publication,1987.


Scott says: "As a puzzle designer I work in a wide variety of electronic and nonelectronic media, ranging from paper and physical toys, to the web and mobile phones. Working in many media helps me keep a fresh perspective on the strengths and weakness of each medium. In this talk I will show how a game mutates when moved from medium to another, and discuss how to take advantage of the unique capabilities of each medium while being aware of its limitations."
Is it a thoughtless act?


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Sony's decision to not allow any kind of cross-play between PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch or Xbox One consoles is backward and cynical
Tech Business Insider Dave Smith Jun 15, 2018
Tech Business Insider Jun 15, 2018
Dave Smith Jun 15, 2018 Read Source
Sony doesn't allow PlayStation 4 owners to play the same games with other players on Nintendo Switch or Xbox One, a concept known as "cross-play."
Sony has come under fire this week after over two million people downloaded "Fortnite" for the Nintendo Switch in its first 24 hours of availability, only to learn that many of them couldn't play if their accounts were also being used on a PlayStation 4.
In order to play on the Nintendo Switch, they'd need to create a new account.
It would benefit Sony to at least allow select games for cross-play, such as "Fortnite" and "Minecraft," which are available on not only game consoles but smartphones as well.
The PlayStation 4 is the market leader in terms of game consoles sold this generation, by a long shot. With sales so gargantuan — 79 million PS4s sold, and 80 million monthly active users on the PlayStation Network — you'd think Sony would be confident about the PlayStation 4.
But Sony's stance on cross-play between the PS4 and rival consoles, like the Nintendo Switch and Xbox One, is not only backward, it's downright cynical, and it makes the company look more vulnerable than it really is.
This isn't a new stance on Sony's part, but as more and more games are made for multiple platforms, like "Fortnite," it's become increasingly obvious that keeping players from being able to access their accounts on multiple consoles, or letting people play with their friends on different consoles, only makes Sony look borderline fearful.
In contrast, Nintendo and Microsoft come off looking nice and open when it comes to issues of cross-play. Their actions obviously speak volumes — "Minecraft" players on Xbox can play with their Nintendo Switch brethren, and so forth. But while neither company's statements have called out Sony by name, it's quite obvious who they're talking about.
Just listen to what Xbox chief Phil Spencer told Business Insider correspondent Ben Gilbert this week at E3, when asked about cross-play (emphasis mine):
"Say you're not into gaming, and it's your kid's birthday. You buy them a console. I buy my kid a console. We happen to buy consoles of different colors — you bought the blue one, I bought the green one. Now those kids want to play a game together and they can't because their parents bought different consoles.
I don't know who that helps. It doesn't help the developer. The developer just wants more people to play their game. It doesn't help the player. The players just want to play with their friends who also play games on console. So, I just get stuck in who this is helping."
Obviously, if you don't consider what people actually want and only the sales numbers, you can see why Sony doesn't want cross-play. Right now, if you want to play games with your friends that own a PlayStation 4, you have to go out and buy a PlayStation 4 yourself. If you could play those same games with your friends on a more affordable console, like a Nintendo Switch or Xbox One, that's one less reason for people to buy a PS4. So, Microsoft and Nintendo have much to gain from cross-play being a thing, if you look at it that way.
But to only consider console sales — a single metric — is a cynical and short-sighted attitude, especially since Sony's stance on cross-play doesn't necessarily make PlayStation 4 owners happy either. I own a PlayStation 4 and a Nintendo Switch, for example, and I was really bummed to learn this week that I couldn't play "Fortnite" on my Switch unless I created a new account specifically for the Switch.
Considering how so many of the 2+ million people who downloaded "Fortnite" for Switch in its first 24 hours of availability had the same issues I did, and reacted over social media in kind, Sony was forced to release a statement addressing the cross-play furor on Thursday. But the statement itself was carefully worded so as to not mention the millions of Nintendo Switch and Xbox One customers frustrated by Sony's decision.
"We offer 'Fortnite' cross-play support with PC, Mac, iOS, and Android devices, expanding the opportunity for 'Fortnite' fans on PS4 to play with even more gamers on other platforms," Sony told the BBC.
If Sony were smart, it would at least allow cross-play for certain titles, where it has less to gain from being restrictive. The case of "Fortnite" is less about cross-play and more about letting one access an account on multiple game consoles, but "Fortnite" is a game that millions of people play every day, even on smartphones; cross-play should be allowed there. Similarly, millions of people — especially little kids — play "Minecraft" every single day, and I bet they would be very happy if they could all play together whether they own a PlayStation 4 or Nintendo Switch or Xbox One.
Sony is the clear market leader in game consoles this generation, and its future looks bright with so many excellent games coming from Sony-backed studios over the next several years. Those games can only be played on the PlayStation 4, and Sony should be confident in those titles, and the other features that set PlayStation apart. But for customers' sake, and for the company's own PR, it should learn that there are occasions where it makes sense to play nice with others.
SEE ALSO: The winners and losers of E3 2018, the biggest video game event of the year
Join the conversation about this story »
NOW WATCH: How Apple can fix HomePod and Siri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our Mission is to provide impeccable quality dental care in order to improve our patients' quality of life for a lifetime. To take time to do extra things that will make the patient's experience positive – before, during, and after treatment. To provide patients with an environment of trust and respect through compassion, enthusiasm, and commitment for dentistry.
Our vision is to provide our patients with a dental experience that will promote a lifelong relationship built on trust, confidence, quality of work, and exceptional patient care.
It is our vision to strive to remove barriers that seem to get in the way when it comes to a patient's ability to maintain a healthy smile.
We at Smile Designs of Olney will continually update ourselves regarding the best and most current materials and technology available in dentistry and infection control.
We will treat the patient's dental needs with the highest level of care, skill, judgment and comfort.
The Smile Designs of Olney Team is constantly working to discover new ways to break through these barriers so that each and every one of our patients can achieve the smile they deserve!


The Bridgeton, MO 2017 4th of July parade is on Tuesday, July 4th and starts at 10am. This year, weather permitting, the Budweiser Clydesdale Team is said to be making a appearance in the parade! Join us for breakfast while you save your parade spot on Natural Bridge and then come by after for BBQ lunch and a drink!
Previous Opening Day at Lehmann's!
Next Happy Friday! Pool Tourney Tonight @ 7.


A mature Pacific Silver Fir in the Olympic National Forest.
Names : Pacific Silver Fir is also called "Lovely Fir." In fact, the name "amabilis" means pretty or beautiful. It is also sometimes called Cascade or Red Fir.
Relationships: There are about 40 species of true firs in the world, 9 in North America. We have 4 in our region but only the Grand Fir, Abies grandis, is common in lower elevations..
Distribution: Pacific Silver Fir is found from the coast of British Columbia and in the mountains of Washington and Oregon.
Growth: The tallest are just over 200 feet (60m), but most only grow to about 150' (45m). The largest are mostly found in Olympic National Park and Vancouver Island. Pacific Silver Fir lives about 400 years.
A young sapling and the mottled bark of an older tree.
Habitat: Pacific Silver Fir is our most shade tolerant tree and is the climax species of the Pacific Silver Fir Ecological Zone, which lies between the Western Hemlock Zone and the Mountain Hemlock Zone. It grows in cool, moist rainforests and is sensitive to drought.
The needle arrangement is similar to the fur on a dog's tail.
In the Landscape: Lovely Fir is not as easy to grow in cultivation, but is worth a try in a suitable habitat!
Phenology: Bloom Period: Mid-May to mid-June. Cones mature in August; seed dispersal begins in mid-September.
Propagation: Seeds should be placed in cold moist stratification for 28 days. Germination occurs best at 30°C Day/20°C Night, alternating temperature cycle. Germination is greater in dark than in light.
Use by People: These trees are not highly valued for lumber, perhaps because the wood is not as resistant to decay and the tree's relative inaccessibility at higher elevations.
This entry was posted in Conifers on March 12, 2014 by habitatdana.


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Bohemian Rhapsody turns 40: 8 things you might not know about it
The track is to be released on a limited edition 12 inch 27 November 2015
Will Butler
12:22 30th October 2015
This Saturday (31 October) marks the 40th anniversary of Queen's seminal 'Bohemian Rhapsody'. To celebrate this momentous occasion, the single will be released on a special edition Black 12" backed with the original B-side 'I'm In Love With My Car' on 27 November.
It's a work of art, the ultimate karaoke song and the song that cemented Freddie Mercury's legacy as a monolith of musical history. Over 6.5 million copies sold worldwide, 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is considered a seminal piece of UK music and will continue to be so for generations to come.
Here are eight things you might not know about the track.
The video for 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is generally recognised as the first promotional music video in the history of music and it was based on the band's Queen II album cover. The shoot was directed by Bruce Gowers, it was shot in 3 hours for £3,500 at the band's rehearsal space.
Freddie Mercury recorded on the same piano for 'Bohemian Rhapsody' that Paul McCartney used for the Beatles' 'Hey Jude'. It was Trident Studio's stock piano, also used by Elton John, David Bowie and Carly Simon, among many others.
In November 1991, 'Bohemian Rhapsody' topped the charts for a second time, when it was re-released by Queen immediately after Freddie Mercury's passing to raise money in the fight against AIDS. 1In 1992 the song had yet another revival from the popularity of "Wayne's World" with that famous headbanging scene.
Bohemian Rhapsody was pressed on blue vinyl in 1978. Only 200 were pressed, and thus it is one of the most collectable records of all time. Gives us a shout if you stumble upon one, we'll pay handsomely.
Label EMI and manager John Reid deemed the song too long and advised an edit. Kenny Everett aired the song on London's Capital Radio in its entirety, 14 times over the last weekend in October 1975 and by the Monday Morning, record stores were inundated with requests.
Bohemian Rhapsody first featured in Queen's live show in the 1975 UK tour. It would feature in every concert thereafter, including Live Aid in 1985 and Queen's final show with Freddie, on August 9th 1986. Can you imagine a Queen shot without it?
Scaramouche is a stock character from a drama in the Italian 16th century, a buffoon who always manages to wriggle out of the sticky situations he invariably finds himself in, usually at the expense of someone else. 'Scaramouch' means a boastful, yet cowardly person.
Ironically, the song that knocked this off the #1 chart position in the UK was "Mamma Mia" by Abba. The words "Mamma mia" are repeated in this in the line "Oh mamma mia, mamma mia, mamma mia let me go."
More about: Queen
Photo: Press


Environment: In arfvedsonite veins in pegmatite cutting alkalic granite and syenite.
Locality: On Mbolwe Hill, Mkushi River area, Central Province, Zambia. Link to MinDat.org Location Data.
Name Origin: Named for Bohuslav Hejtman, Emeritus Professor of Petrology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Comments: Bronze sub-metallic micaceous crystalline hejtmanite with dark green aegirine on white feldspar.
Location: Dara-Pioz, Tien-Shan, Tadzhikistan. Scale: See Photo.
Color: Golden yellow, Orange brown.
Optical Data: Biaxial (-), a=1.814, b=1.846, g=1.867, bire=0.0530, 2V(Calc)=76, 2V(Meas)=76-76.8.
note: Specific Gravity of Hejtmanite =4.02 gm/cc.
U=PEHejtmanite x rElectron Density= 459.34 barns/cc.


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Home » InterChange constructs new cold storage facility in Mt. Crawford, VA
InterChange constructs new cold storage facility in Mt. Crawford, VA
This state-of-the-art building will have the potential to reach 600,000 square feet and over 80,000 pallet positions in multiple rooms with temperatures ranging from -10°F up to 34°F.
KEYWORDS blast freezing / cold storage / pallet positions
InterChange Group, Harrisonburg, Va., announced the construction of a modern cold storage facility in Mt. Crawford, Va., to support the region's growing food and beverage industries.
This state-of-the-art building will be constructed in several phases, and will have the potential to reach 600,000 square feet and over 80,000 pallet positions in multiple rooms with temperatures ranging from -10°F up to 34°F. Construction of an approximately 16,000 pallet position Phase 1 started with a targeted opening in 2nd quarter of 2019, and it is expected that a similarly sized Phase 2 will follow almost immediately. Phase 2 will also include blast freezing and access to rail.
The building's location on Interstate 81, one of the primary truck routes along the East Coast and for freight coming in from the West, provides easy access the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States.
"This cold storage facility represents the largest single project InterChange has taken on, and we are excited to provide this new service to our customers. Equally important, we are proud to be able to provide additional employment opportunities to the local community," says Devon Anders, president. "InterChange has its roots in servicing the food and beverage industry, and this allows us to provide them a full range of options that will include storage for inbound packaging supplies and ingredients, transportation and now a full service cold storage."
Montana Eggs opens new $9M facility in Great Falls, MT
Friopuerto opens new cold storage facility in Portugal
U.S. Cold Storage Opens Cold Storage Facility in Salt Lake
United States Cold Storage opens new food distribution facility in Laredo, TX
Frozen Food Science and Technology
Packaging & Distribution of Fresh Fruits & Vegetables
Interchange Group, Inc. - Mt. Crawford, VA


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How To Build A Powerful Audience For Your Law Firm's Facebook Ads
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When it comes to Facebook ads, is it better to target a wide geographical audience or a smaller audience?
I happen to know this is for a personal injury attorney. Deciding on the correct targeting is hard, because the way Facebook works is that you're able to use all these different modifiers that allow you to narrow down your audience.
But the more narrow your audience gets, the fewer people you're going to reach and the more money it's going to cost you to reach those people.
How to reach lots of people
Actually, here's a perfect example: we have a client in Chicago and we ran ads in Thailand. We wanted to see if it was going to work or not — and it didn't work, by the way. But we reached a ridiculous number of people.
So we ran ads to the entire country of Thailand because with these MAX 737 planes that Boeing has… Well, I don't know the exact story and I'm not a lawyer, so don't quote me on this. But I guess they're accepting responsibility for some of the accidents.
So, my client was trying to find people in Thailand, at least I think it was Thailand, In any case, we ran ads to the entire country, Thailand, Indonesia, wherever the plane crash was. So we ran ads to the entire country — 45,000,000 people — for like a thousand bucks and we reached 5 or 6,000,000 people for that thousand bucks. That's ridiculous.
You could never do that in the United States.
Wide vs. narrow targeting
But if we started targeting — if we started doing more targeting, that number would have greatly dropped. If we target everyone in the United States and spent a thousand dollars, we probably would reach about the same number of people just because there are no modifiers.
So, for personal injury, consider that you're just going wide and you're just trying to say: hey, have you been in a car accident? Not that I necessarily recommend that. But if that's what you're trying to do, there's a saying: every once in a while, a blind squirrel finds a nut.
You can get cases that way, it's not that you can't get cases. Then I would try to get as many people in the audience as possible. It's just not my favorite way of doing it.
When to go narrow
Now, the exception to that rule is if you have a message that's going to a specific audience. So, for example, if you're going to run ads for motorcycle riders, or if you're going to run ads for Uber drivers.
Or if you're going to run ads for parents who have small children trying to get compensation for playground accident injuries and things like that. It needs to be defined better — it's quality over quantity type of situation.
What's better? That depends on your definition of better. If you're just trying to reach the most people possible, then a wider audience is better. If you're trying to get a better quality audience and have more qualified people, then a smaller audience is better.
So it kind of depends. I know that's not a great answer and probably not the one you want. But basically, if you have broad ads, then definitely go wide. If you have specific ads and a specific message, then go narrow. So, that's my answer.
By: Andrew Stickel June 18, 2019 | Category:


(1) Prefer low-speed chip to high-speed; high-speed chip is used in key places.
(2) By a string of resistance, reducing and controlling the rate of change when circuits go up and down.
(3) Provide relay with some form of damping.
(4) Use the lowest frequency clock that meets the system requirements.
(5) The clock generator is as close as possible to the device using the clock. The shell of Quartz crystal oscillator should be grounded.
(6) Circle up clock with the ground wire and the clock line is as short as possible.
(7) I/O drive circuit should leave the edge of the printing plate instantly. The signal goes into the printed circuit board and from the high noise zone should be added to filter, reducing the signal reflection by stringing termination resistor.
(8) MCD useless end should be high, or ground, or defined as the output, and the end of power supply in integrated circuit need to be grounded, do not vacant.
(9) Do not make the input end of idle gate circuit vacant; positive input termination of idle op amp is grounded and negative input termination connects output.
(10) Try to use 45 fold lines instead of 90 fold lines in PCB to reduce the external launch and coupling from high-frequency signal.
(11) Printed circuit board is distinguished by the frequency and current switching characteristics, the noise components and non-noise ones should be far.
(12) single-sided and double-sided board are adopting single-point power supply and single-point grounding; power and ground wires is as thick as possible, using multi-layer board to reduce the power supply and capacitive inductance if you are not sensitive to money.
(13) Clock, bus and chip select should be away from I/O lines and connectors.
(14) Analog voltage input line, notice the voltage side stays away from the digital circuit signal lines, especially to the clock.
(15) To the A/D class devices, digital and analog part would rather unite rather than cross.
(16) The interference of clock line which is perpendicular to the I/O line is smaller than the parallel and the clock component pin is far from I/O cable.
(17) Component and decoupling capacitor pins are as short as possible.
(18) The key line should to be as thick as possible with protection ground on both sides. High-speed line is short and straight.
(19) Noise-sensitive lines do not parallel to high-current, high-speed switching lines.
(20) Do not route below quartz crystal and noise-sensitive devices.
(21) Do not form a current loop around weak signal circuit and low frequency circuit.
(22) Do not form a loop for any signal, if unavoidable, make loop area as small as possible.


Our community member magicnetworks asks on IRC how to make a website to be accessed only with or without www. Unfortunately, non of us were fast enough to give an answer straight away. So we are highlighting this topic here.
POST and GET methods are often used randomly depending on intuition but not fundamental rules. Apparently, there are strict rules.
POST has to be used when you are posting information to the server or executing an action (adding record, deleting record, updating record, etc.). GET has to be used to get information from the server. That's why you can easily use back button in the browser when your history holds only GET methods. But when you face POST method in your navigation history, browser asks if you want to re-do the action. Because POST means making an action, and you certainly want to avoid that happening while clicking back button.
Thats why securityToken is meaningful only in POST methods. GET can't be used to harm. It's just accessing the data, but not changing it.
CSRF error "Pass correct security token"
dojoVader on IRC channel asked how to deal with security token error. Later he found the solution himself, but we decided to highlight this issue in case more users face this.
"Incorrect security token" means that you send some data to the server using POST method and don't pass securityToken variable alongside other variables. This security token is needed to prevent CSRF attacks. You don't have to dig deep to understand everything behind it. Just add securityToken variable and don't worry.
If you need to execute POST method and you want to skip CSRF check, use PublicController.
GitHub repository or contact directly.


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

The study of the dynamics of the nanoparticle magnetic moments and their
stability with respect to reorientations is a problem of prominent theoretical
and practical importance. In fact, it is related to the stochastic and
nonlinear dynamics and to the thermal stability of the magnetic moments in
nanoparticle devices including magnetic storage ones. \cite{PEW,DFT} At low
temperatures, when thermal fluctuations are negligible, the main interest is in
the dynamics and stability in time-dependent external magnetic fields. In this
case, the problem is usually reduced to the search for solutions of the
deterministic Landau-Lifshitz equation\cite{LL} and to the analysis of their
stability. These investigations are also strongly motivated by the possibility
of fast switching of the nanoparticle magnetic
moments.\cite{BWH,ABB,BFH,KR,SCC,SW}

Due to thermal fluctuations, the dynamics of the nanoparticle magnetic moments
becomes stochastic and nonzero probabilities of their transition from one
stable state to another appear. In this case, the dynamics can be described by
the Fokker-Planck equation that corresponds to the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz
equation.\cite{B} At present this approach is widely used for studying magnetic
properties of nanoparticle systems at finite temperatures, including magnetic
relaxation.\cite{B,KG,CCK,G,GL,DT,DLT}

In this paper, we use the deterministic and the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz
equations to study some effects induced by the rotating magnetic field in
systems of purely deterministic and weakly superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
More precisely, we are interested in the effects that arise from the different
dynamical states of the up and down magnetic moments. These states are
generated by the magnetic field rotating in the plane perpendicular to the
up-down axis and they are different even if the static magnetic field along
this axis is absent. The reason is that the magnetic moments have a
well-defined direction (counterclockwise) of the natural precession, and so the
rotating field effectively interacts only with the up \textit{or} down magnetic
moments. We note in this context that some properties of the solutions of the
deterministic Landau-Lifshitz equation were previously considered in the
context of ferromagnetic resonance,\cite{W} nonlinear magnetization
dynamics,\cite{TJS,BSM} and switching of magnetization in cylinders \cite{K}
and spherical nanoparticles.\cite{MBSM} But, to the best of our knowledge, the
above mentioned effects have not been investigated before.

The paper is organized as follows. In Sec.~II, we describe the model and the
underlying assumptions. In Sec.~III, we reduce the deterministic
Landau-Lifshitz equation to the algebraic equations that describe the
steady-state forced precession of the nanoparticle magnetic moments and derive
a criterion of its stability. In the same section, we apply the
results for studying the small-angle precession and switching of the magnetic
moments. The effects in nanoparticle systems that arise from the simultaneous
action of the thermal fluctuations and rotating field are considered in
Sec.~IV. Here we calculate the mean residence times that the driven magnetic
moments reside in the up and down states, and apply these results to study the
induced magnetization and magnetic relaxation in nanoparticle systems. We
summarize our findings in Sec.~V. Finally, in the Appendix we specify the used
coordinate systems.

\section{DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL}

We consider a uniaxial ferromagnetic nanoparticle with spatially uniform
magnetization which is characterized by the anisotropy field $H_{a}$ and the
magnetic moment $\mathbf{m} = \mathbf{m}(t)$ of fixed length $|\mathbf{m}| =
m$. The assumption of uniform magnetization is valid for uniform nanoparticles
if the exchange length, i.e., the length scale below which the exchange
interaction is predominant (for typical magnetic recording materials its order
of magnitude is 5--10 nm), exceeds the nanoparticle size. In other cases, e.g.,
for coated nanoparticles, it can be considered as a first approximation. We
assume also that the static magnetic field $\mathbf{H}$ is applied along the
easy axis of magnetization (the $z$ axis), and the circularly polarized
magnetic field $\mathbf{h(t)}$ is applied in the $xy$ plane (see Fig.~1), i.e.,
$\mathbf{H} = H\mathbf{e}_{z}$ and
\begin{equation}
    \mathbf{h}(t) = h\cos(\omega t)\mathbf{e}_{x} +
    \rho h\sin(\omega t)\mathbf{e}_{y}.
    \label{eq:def_h}
\end{equation}
Here $\mathbf{e}_{x}$, $\mathbf{e}_{y}$, and $\mathbf{e}_{z}$ are the unit
vectors along the corresponding axes of the Cartesian coordinate system $xyz$,
$h = |\mathbf{h}(t)|$, $\omega$ is the frequency of rotation of
$\mathbf{h}(t)$, and $\rho=-1$ or $+1$ that corresponds to the clockwise or
counterclockwise rotation of $\mathbf{h}(t)$, respectively. We write the
magnetic energy of such a nanoparticle as
\begin{equation}
    W = -\frac{H_{a}}{2m}m_{z}^{2} - Hm_{z} - \mathbf{m}\cdot
    \mathbf{h}(t),
    \label{eq:def_W}
\end{equation}
where $m_{z} = \mathbf{m} \cdot \mathbf{e}_{z}$ is the $z$ component of
$\mathbf{m}$, and the dot denotes the scalar product.

In the deterministic case, we describe the dynamics of the nanoparticle
magnetic moment by the Landau-Lifshitz equation\cite{LL}
\begin{equation}
    \dot\mathbf{m} = -\gamma\mathbf{m}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}
    -\frac{\lambda\gamma}{m}\,\mathbf{m}\times
    (\mathbf{m}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}).
    \label{eq:L-L}
\end{equation}
Here $\gamma(>0)$ is the gyromagnetic ratio, $\lambda(>0)$ is the dimensionless
damping parameter, the cross denotes the vector product, and
\begin{equation}
    \mathbf{H}_{eff} = -\frac{\partial W}{\partial \mathbf{m}} =
    \mathbf{h}(t) + \bigg(H_{a}\frac{m_{z}}{m} + H\bigg)
    \mathbf{e}_{z}
    \label{eq:def_H_ef}
\end{equation}
is the effective magnetic field acting on $\mathbf{m}$.

If the magnetic moment interacts with a heat bath, we use the stochastic
Landau-Lifshitz equation\cite{B}
\begin{equation}
    \dot\mathbf{m} = -\gamma\mathbf{m}\times(\mathbf{H}_{eff} +
    \mathbf{n}) - \frac{\lambda\gamma}{m}\,\mathbf{m}\times
    (\mathbf{m}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}),
    \label{eq:st_L-L}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{n} = \mathbf{n}(t)$ is the thermal magnetic field with zero mean
and correlation functions $\langle n_{\alpha} (t_1) n_{\beta}(t_2) \rangle =
2\Delta\delta_{\alpha\beta}\delta(t_2 - t_1)$, $n_{\alpha}(t)$ ($\alpha =
x,y,z$) are the Cartesian components of $\mathbf{n} (t)$, $\Delta = \lambda
k_{B}T/\gamma m$ is the intensity of the thermal field, $k_{B}$ is the
Boltzmann constant, $T$ is the absolute temperature, $\delta_{\alpha\beta}$ is
the Kronecker symbol, $\delta(t)$ is the Dirac $\delta$ function, and the
angular brackets denote averaging with respect to the sample paths of
$\mathbf{n}(t)$. According to Eq.~(\ref{eq:st_L-L}), the conditional
probability density $P = P(\theta,\varphi,t| \theta',\varphi', t')$ ($t \geq
t'$) that describes the statistical properties of $\mathbf{m}$ in the terms of
the polar $\theta$ and azimuthal $\varphi$ angles, satisfies the (forward)
Fokker-Planck equation\cite{B,DY}
\begin{eqnarray}
    \frac{\partial}{\partial t}P\! &=& \! -\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}
    (f_{1} + \gamma^{2}\Delta\cot\theta)P + \gamma^{2}\Delta\frac
    {\partial^{2}}{\partial\theta^{2}}P\nonumber\\[3pt]
    &&\! -\,\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi}f_{2}P + \frac{\gamma^{2}
    \Delta}{\sin^{2}\theta}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\varphi^{2}}P
    \label{eq:fw_F-P}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
    f_{1} = -\displaystyle\frac{\gamma}{m\sin\theta}\left(\lambda\sin\theta
    \frac{\partial}{\partial\theta} + \frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi}
    \right)W, \\[16pt]
    f_{2} = \displaystyle\frac{\gamma}{m\sin^{2}\theta}
    \left(\sin\theta\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta} -
    \lambda\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi}\right)W.
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:f1_f2}
\end{equation}

\section{DYNAMICAL EFFECTS}

\subsection{Equations for the forced precession}

To study the forced precession of the nanoparticle magnetic moment and its
stability with respect to small perturbations, we use the Landau-Lifshitz
equation (\ref{eq:L-L}) and represent $\mathbf{m}(t)$ in the form
\begin{equation}
    \mathbf{m}(t) = \mathbf{m}_{0}(t) + \mathbf{m}_{1}(t),
    \label{eq:rep_m}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{m}_{0}(t)$ describes the steady-state precession of
$\mathbf{m}(t)$, and $\mathbf{m}_{1}(t)$ is a small deviation from
$\mathbf{m}_{0}(t)$. Since $|\mathbf{m}(t)| = |\mathbf{m}_{0}(t)| = m$, it is
convenient to introduce the unit vector $\mathbf{u} = \mathbf{m}_{0}(t)/m$ and
a small dimensionless vector $\mathbf{v} = \mathbf{m}_{1}(t)/m$ ($ v =
|\mathbf{v}| \ll 1$). According to this, we decompose the effective magnetic
field (\ref{eq:def_H_ef}) into the zeroth-order (in $v$) vector
\begin{equation}
    \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)} = \mathbf{h}(t) + (H_{a} u_{z} + H)
    \mathbf{e}_{z}
    \label{eq:def_H_ef(0)}
\end{equation}
and the first-order one
\begin{equation}
    \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(1)} = H_{a} v_{z}\mathbf{e}_{z}.
    \label{eq:def_H_ef(1)}
\end{equation}
Substituting Eq.~(\ref{eq:rep_m}) and the effective field $\mathbf{H}_{eff} =
\mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)} + \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(1)}$ into Eq.~(\ref{eq:L-L}) and
keeping the terms of the zeroth order, we end up with the following equation for
$\mathbf{u}$:
\begin{equation}
    \dot{\mathbf{u}} = -\gamma\mathbf{u}\times
    \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)} - \lambda\gamma\mathbf{u}\times
    (\mathbf{u}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)}).
    \label{eq:L-L_steady}
\end{equation}

Introducing, as usual, the rotating Cartesian coordinate system $x'y'z'$ (see
Fig.~1 and the Appendix) and assuming that in this coordinate system the components
$u_{x'}$, $u_{y'}$, and $u_{z'} = u_{z}$ of the vector $\mathbf{u}$ do not
depend on time, Eq.~(\ref{eq:L-L_steady}) can be reduced to a system of
algebraic equations. Indeed, using the relations
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
    \mathbf{u} =  u_{x'}\mathbf{e}_{x'} +  u_{y'}\mathbf{e}_{y'}
    +  u_{z}\mathbf{e}_{z},
    \\[10pt]
    \dot{\mathbf{u}} = \rho\omega(- u_{y'}\mathbf{e}_{x'} +
     u_{x'}\mathbf{e}_{y'}),
    \\[10pt]
    \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)} = h\mathbf{e}_{x'} + (H_{a} u_{z}
    + H)\mathbf{e}_{z}
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:rel3}
\end{equation}
that follow from Eqs.~(\ref{eq:def_x'y'})--(\ref{eq:rel1}) and taking the $x'$,
$y'$, and $z$ components of Eq.~(\ref{eq:L-L_steady}), we obtain
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
    \lambda u_{x'}(u_{z}^2 + \tilde{H} u_{z} + \tilde{h} u_{x'}) +
    u_{y'}(u_{z} + \tilde{H} - \rho\tilde{\omega}) = \lambda \tilde{h},
    \\[10pt]
    u_{x'}(u_{z} + \tilde{H} - \rho\tilde{\omega}) - \lambda u_{y'}
    (u_{z}^2 + \tilde{H} u_{z} + \tilde{h} u_{x'}) = \tilde{h} u_{z},
    \\[10pt]
    \lambda u_{z}(u_{z}^2 + \tilde{H} u_{z} + \tilde{h} u_{x'}) -
    \lambda (u_{z} + \tilde{H}) = \tilde{h} u_{y'},
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:L-L_comp}
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{H} = H/H_{a}$, $\tilde{h} = h/H_{a}$, $\tilde{\omega} = \omega/
\omega_{r}$, and $\omega_{r} = \gamma H_{a}$. A simple analysis of this system
shows that $u_{x'}$ and $u_{y'}$ are readily expressed through $u_{z}$:
\begin{equation}
    u_{x'} = \displaystyle\frac{1 -  u_{z}^2}{\tilde{h} u_{z}}(u_{z} +
    \tilde{H} - \rho\kappa), \quad
    u_{y'} = -\rho\frac{\lambda\kappa}{\tilde{h}}(1 -  u_{z}^2)\,
    \label{eq:eq uxuy}
\end{equation}
with $\kappa = \tilde{\omega} / (1+\lambda^2)$, and $u_{z}$ satisfies the
equation
\begin{equation}
    \tilde{h}^2 = \frac{1 -  u_{z}^2}{ u_{z}^2}[(u_{z} + \tilde{H} -
    \rho\kappa)^{2} + (\lambda\kappa u_{z})^{2}].
    \label{eq:eq uz}
\end{equation}
It is not difficult to verify that Eqs.~(\ref{eq:eq uxuy}) and (\ref{eq:eq uz})
preserve the condition $\mathbf{u}^{2} = 1$. Note also that the components
$u_{x}$ and $u_{y}$ of $\mathbf{u}$ in the initial coordinate system $xyz$ are
expressed in terms of $u_{x'}$ and $u_{y'}$ as follows:
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
     u_{x} =  u_{x'}\cos(\omega t) - \rho u_{y'}\sin(\omega t),
    \\[10pt]
     u_{y} = \rho u_{x'}\sin(\omega t) +  u_{y'}\cos(\omega t).
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:rel7}
\end{equation}

\subsection{Stability criterion}

Next, assuming that the solution of Eq.~(\ref{eq:eq uz}) is known, we derive a
stability criterion for the steady-state precession of $\mathbf{m}$. To this
end, using Eqs.~(\ref{eq:L-L}), (\ref{eq:L-L_steady}) and (\ref{eq:rep_m}), we
write the linear differential equation{\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
\begin{eqnarray}
    \dot{\mathbf{v}} &=& -\, \gamma\mathbf{v}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}
    ^{(0)} - \gamma\mathbf{u}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(1)} -
    \lambda\gamma[\mathbf{v}(\mathbf{u}\cdot\mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)})
    \nonumber\\[4pt]
    && +\,\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{v}\cdot\mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)})
    + \mathbf{u}\times(\mathbf{u}\times\mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(1)})]
    \label{eq:perturb1}
\end{eqnarray}}that describes the evolution of small deviations $\mathbf{v}$.
Since Eq.~(\ref{eq:L-L}) conserves $|\mathbf{m}|$, the condition $2\mathbf{u}
\cdot \mathbf{v} +  v^{2} = 0$ always holds. This means that, with linear
accuracy in $ v$, the vector $\mathbf{v}$ is perpendicular to $\mathbf{u}$ for
all $t$. Therefore, it is convenient to introduce the rotating Cartesian
coordinate system $x''y''z''$ (see Fig.~1 and Appendix) in which the vectors
$\mathbf{u}$ and $\mathbf{v}$ are represented as
\begin{equation}
    \mathbf{u} = \mathbf{e}_{z''}, \quad \mathbf{v} =  v_{x''}(t)
    \mathbf{e}_{x''} +  v_{y''}(t)\mathbf{e}_{y''},
    \label{eq:mu_xi}
\end{equation}
and so the condition $\mathbf{u}\cdot\mathbf{v} = 0$ holds automatically.

In this coordinate system, the $z''$ component of Eq.~(\ref{eq:perturb1}) is
satisfied identically because according to the condition $d(\mathbf{u} \cdot
\mathbf{v})/dt = 0$ and Eq.~(\ref{eq:L-L_steady}) the relation
\begin{equation}
    \big[\dot{\mathbf{v}} + \gamma\mathbf{v}\times
    \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)} + \lambda\gamma\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{v}\cdot
    \mathbf{H}_{eff}^{(0)})\big]\cdot\mathbf{e}_{z''} = 0
    \label{eq:rel5}
\end{equation}
always takes place. Projecting Eq.~(\ref{eq:perturb1}) onto the $x''$ and $y''$
axes and using Eqs.~(\ref{eq:def_x"y"z"})--(\ref{eq:rel2}), as well as  the results of
the previous section, we obtain after straightforward calculations
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
    \dot v_{x''} = -\lambda\omega_{1} v_{x''} -
    \omega_{2} v_{y''},
    \\[10pt]
    \dot v_{y''} = \omega_{3} v_{x''} -
    \lambda\omega_{4} v_{y''},
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:perturb2}
\end{equation}
where $\omega_{n} = \omega_{r}\tilde{\omega}_{n}$ and
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
    \tilde{\omega}_{1} = u_{z}^{2} + \displaystyle\frac{1}{u_{z}}
    [\tilde{H} - \rho\kappa(1 - u_{z}^{2})], \\[10pt]
    \tilde{\omega}_{2} = 1 + \displaystyle\frac{1}{u_{z}}
    [\tilde{H} - \rho\kappa(1 + \lambda^{2}u_{z}^{2})], \\[10pt]
    \tilde{\omega}_{3} = u_{z}^{2} + \displaystyle\frac{1}{u_{z}}
    [\tilde{H} - \rho\kappa(1 + \lambda^{2}u_{z}^{2})], \\[10pt]
    \tilde{\omega}_{4} = 1 + \displaystyle\frac{1}{u_{z}}
    [\tilde{H} - \rho\kappa(1 - u_{z}^{2})].
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:def_omega}
\end{equation}

Thus, in the first-order approximation, the stability of the steady-state
precession of the nanoparticle magnetic moment is defined by the stability of
the stationary solution $v_{x''} = v_{y''} = 0$, or the fixed point $(0,0)$, of
the system (\ref{eq:perturb2}). A complete solution of the last problem is well
known (see, for example in Ref.~[\onlinecite{P}]), and is based on the analysis
of the roots
\begin{equation}
    \delta_{\pm} = -\frac{\lambda}{2}(\omega_{1} + \omega_{4})
    \pm\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\lambda^{2}(\omega_{4} - \omega_{1})^{2}
    - 4\omega_{2}\omega_{3}}
    \label{eq:def_delta}
\end{equation}
of the characteristic equation $(\delta + \lambda\omega_{1})(\delta +
\lambda\omega_{4}) + \omega_{2}\omega_{3} = 0$ corresponding to this system. In
particular, a criterion of the asymptotic stability of the forced precession
has the form $\textrm{Re}\, \delta_{+} < 0$ or
\begin{equation}
    \lambda(\tilde{\omega}_{1} + \tilde{\omega}_{4}) >
    \textrm{Re}\sqrt{\lambda^{2}(\tilde{\omega}_{4} - \tilde{\omega}_{1})^{2}
    - 4\tilde{\omega}_{2}\tilde{\omega}_{3}}\,.
    \label{eq:stab_criterion}
\end{equation}

In the following we apply the above general results to study the precessional
dynamics in the cases of small precession angles and zero static magnetic
field.

\subsection{Small precession angles}

In this case, we assume that the precession angles $\theta_{\sigma}$ (see
Fig.~2) of the magnetic moments with $u_{z} > 0$ ($\sigma = +1$) and $u_{z} <
0$ ($\sigma = -1$) are small, i.e., $\theta_{\sigma} \ll 1$. Then $u_{z}$ can
be represented in the form $u_{z} = \sigma(1-\epsilon^{2}/2)$, where according
to Eq.~(\ref{eq:eq uz}) a small parameter $\epsilon^{2}$ is given by
\begin{equation}
    \epsilon^{2} = \displaystyle\frac{\tilde{h}^{2}}
    {(\sigma + \tilde{H} - \rho\kappa)^{2} + \lambda^{2}\kappa^{2}},
    \label{eq:epsilon}
\end{equation}
and so Eq.~(\ref{eq:eq uxuy}) yields with linear accuracy in $\epsilon$
\begin{equation}
    \begin{array}{c}
    u_{x'} = \tilde{h}\displaystyle\frac{1 + \sigma\tilde{H} -
    \sigma\rho\kappa}{(\sigma + \tilde{H} - \rho\kappa)^{2} +
    \lambda^{2}\kappa^{2}},
    \\[14pt]
    u_{y'} = -\tilde{h}\displaystyle\frac{\rho\lambda\kappa}
    {(\sigma + \tilde{H} - \rho\kappa)^{2} + \lambda^{2}\kappa^{2}}.
    \end{array}
    \label{eq:mu_x_y}
\end{equation}
We emphasize that, even though the static magnetic field is absent, i.e.,
$\tilde{H} = 0$, the dynamics of the up ($\sigma = +1$) and down ($\sigma =
-1$) magnetic moments is quite different. The reason is that the natural
precession of the magnetic moments is counterclockwise, and so only up or down
magnetic moments have the direction of the natural precession that coincides
with the direction of the magnetic field rotation. In other words, the magnetic
field \textit{rotating} in the plane perpendicular to the easy axis of
magnetization breaks the degeneracy between the up and down states of the
magnetic moment.

Our analysis shows that the small-angle precession is stable only if
$\tilde{\omega}_{1} + \tilde{\omega}_{4} > 0$. Writing $\tilde{\omega}_{1} +
\tilde{\omega}_{4}$ with quadratic accuracy in $\epsilon$,
\begin{equation}
    \tilde{\omega}_{1} + \tilde{\omega}_{4} = 2 + 2\sigma\tilde{H}
    - \epsilon^{2}(1 - \sigma\tilde{H} + 2\sigma\rho\kappa),
    \label{eq:summ}
\end{equation}
and solving the equation $\tilde{\omega}_{1} + \tilde{\omega}_{4} = 0$ with
respect to $\tilde{H}$, we find the critical magnetic field
\begin{equation}
    \tilde{H}_{cr} = -\sigma + \tilde{h}^{2}\frac{\sigma + \rho\kappa}
    {(1 + \lambda^{2})\kappa^{2}}
    \label{eq:switch}
\end{equation}
that separates the stable and unstable precession for a given state $\sigma$.
The steady precession is stable either for $\tilde{H} > \tilde{H}_{cr}|_{\sigma
= +1}$ or for $\tilde{H} < \tilde{H}_{cr}|_{\sigma = -1}$. Because at $\tilde{H}
= \tilde{H}_{cr}$ the precession in the state $-\sigma$ is stable, the
switching of the nanoparticle magnetic moments from the unstable state $\sigma$
to the stable state $-\sigma$ occurs. If $\rho = \sigma$, then the rotating
field always decreases the stability of the precession, i.e., $\tilde{H}_{cr}
|_{\sigma = +1} > -1$ and $\tilde{H}_{cr} |_{\sigma = -1} < +1$. On the
contrary, if $\rho = -\sigma$ then depending on the reduced frequency $\kappa$
the rotating field can both decrease (if $\kappa < 1$) and increase (if $\kappa
> 1$) the stability. The largest stabilization effect is achieved at $\kappa =
2$. Note also that since $\epsilon \ll 1$ and usually $\lambda < 1$, the
formula (\ref{eq:switch}) is valid only if the condition $\kappa \gg \tilde{h}$
holds.

As an important illustrative example, we consider the nanoparticle system with
the same number $N/2$ of the up and down states. In this case the dynamical
(dimensionless) magnetization of the system $\mu_{d} = (1/N)\sum_{i=1}^
{N}u_{zi}$ ($i$ labels the nanoparticles) takes the form $\mu_{d} = (1/2)\sum_
{\sigma}\sigma \cos\theta_{\sigma}$ or, since $\theta_{\sigma} \ll 1$, $\mu_{d}
= (\theta_{-1}^{2} - \theta_{+1}^{2})/4$. Assuming that $\tilde{H} = 0$ and
using the formula
\begin{equation}
    \theta_{\sigma} = \frac{\tilde{h}}{\sqrt{(1 - \sigma\rho\kappa)^{2} +
    \lambda^{2}\kappa^{2}}}
    \label{eq:theta_sigma}
\end{equation}
that follows from the relation $\sin \theta_{\sigma} = \epsilon$ and
Eq.~(\ref{eq:epsilon}), this quantity can be written in the form
\begin{equation}
    \mu_{d} = -\tilde{h}^{2}\frac{\rho\kappa}{[1 + (1 + \lambda^{2})
    \kappa^{2}]^{2} - 4\kappa^{2}}.
    \label{eq:mu_d}
\end{equation}

This result shows that (i) the magnetization $\mu_{d}$ is a purely dynamical
effect, i.e., $\mu_{d}$ = 0 if $\kappa = \tilde{\omega} / (1+\lambda^2)= 0$,
(ii) the direction of magnetization and the direction of magnetic field
rotation follow the left-hand rule, and (iii) the dependence of $\mu_{d}$ on
$\kappa$ always exhibits a resonant character. The maximum of $\mu_{d}$ occurs
at $\kappa = \kappa_{m}$, where
\begin{equation}
    \kappa_{m} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}(1 + \lambda^{2})}
    \sqrt{1 - \lambda^{2} + 2\sqrt{1 + \lambda^{2} + \lambda^{4}}},
    \label{eq:kappa m}
\end{equation}
and $\mu_{d}|_{\kappa = \kappa_{m}} = -\rho(\tilde{h}/2\lambda)^{2}$ for
$\lambda \ll 1$. If $\tilde{h} \ll \lambda$ then the dynamical magnetization is
small but, as we will show later, it can be considerably enhanced by thermal
fluctuations.

\subsection{Zero static magnetic field}

In the case of zero static magnetic field, $\tilde{H} = 0$, we rewrite
Eq.~(\ref{eq:eq uz}) in the form $\tilde{h} = F_{\rho}(u_z)$, where
\begin{equation}
    F_{\rho}(x) = \frac{\sqrt{1 -  x^2}}{|x|}\sqrt{(x - \rho\kappa)^{2}
    + (\lambda\kappa x)^{2}}
    \label{eq:eq uz1}
\end{equation}
($-1 \leq x \leq 1$). According to the definition, the function $F_{\rho}(x)$
satisfies the conditions $F_{\rho}(-x) = F_{-\rho}(x)$, $F_{\rho}(-1) =
F_{\rho}(+1) = 0$, $F_{\rho}(x) \to \infty$ as $x \to 0$, and it has a local
minimum at $x = \rho x_{1}\,(x_{1}>0)$ and a local maximum at $x = \rho x_{2}
\,(x_{2}>0)$, see Fig.~3.

A detailed analysis shows that for fixed $\rho$ the precession of the
nanoparticle magnetic moment in the state $\sigma = -\rho$ is stable for all
values of $\tilde{h}$. In other words, the unique solution of the equation
$\tilde{h} = F_{\rho}(u_{z})$ with $\text{sgn}\, u_{z} = -\rho$ always exists
and is stable. In this case, the dependence of $u_{z}$ on $\tilde{h}$ is shown
in Fig.~4, curve 1.

The precession of the magnetic moment in the state $\sigma = \rho$ (when
$\text{sgn}\, u_{z} = \rho$) exhibits qualitatively different behavior
depending on $\tilde{h}$. It is stable only if $|u_{z}| > x_{2}$ that implies
that $\tilde{h} < \tilde{h}_{cr} = F_{\rho}(\rho x_{2})$ (see Fig.~4, curve 2).
At $\tilde{h} = \tilde{h}_{cr} + 0$ the solutions $u_{z}|_{\sigma = \rho} =
\rho x_{2}$ and $u_{z}|_{\sigma = \rho} = \rho x_{3}\,(x_{3} > 0)$ are
unstable, and the magnetic moment switches from the state with $u_{z}|_{\sigma
= \rho} = \rho x_{2}$ to the new state with $u_{z}|_{\sigma = -\rho} = -\rho
x_{4}\,(x_{4} > 0)$. As stated above, the new state is stable for all
$\tilde{h}$, and so the reverse transition does not occur for fixed $\rho$.

In the important case of small driven frequency, $\kappa \ll 1$, that is easily
accessible to experimental investigation, the analysis of the stability of the
forced precession can be done analytically. In particular, we found that
\begin{equation}
    u_{z} = \sigma\sqrt{1-\tilde{h}^{2}} -
    \rho\frac{\tilde{h}^{2}}{1-\tilde{h}^{2}}\kappa
    \label{eq:as1}
\end{equation}
if $1 - \tilde{h}^{2} \gg \kappa^{2/3}$ and $u_{z}|_{\sigma = -\rho} = -\rho
\kappa /\tilde{h}$ if $\tilde{h} \gg 1$. Using the approximate representations
\begin{equation}
    \tilde{\omega}_{1} = \tilde{\omega}_{3} = u_{z}^{2} - \rho\frac{\kappa}
    {u_{z}}, \quad
    \tilde{\omega}_{2} = \tilde{\omega}_{4} = 1 - \rho\frac{\kappa}{u_{z}},
    \label{eq:om}
\end{equation}
we showed explicitly that the stability criterion (\ref{eq:stab_criterion}) for
$\sigma = \rho$ is reduced to $|u_{z}| > x_{2}$ and the critical amplitude of
the rotating field is given by $\tilde{h}_{cr} = 1 - (3/2)\kappa^{2/3}$.
Finally, solving the equations $dF_{\rho}(x)/dx = 0$ and $\tilde{h}_{cr} =
F_{\rho}(x)$ with respect to $x$, we derived the asymptotic formulas $x_{1} =
\kappa$, $x_{2} = \kappa^{1/3}$, $x_{3} = \kappa/2$, and $x_{4} = 2\kappa^
{1/3}$. It is important to note that although the jump $\Delta u_{z} = x_{2} +
x_{4}$ that occurs under switching of $u_{z}$ tends to zero as $\kappa \to 0$,
it can be sizeable even for very small $\kappa$ (for example, $\Delta u_{z} =
0.3$ if $\kappa = 10^{-3}$).

We emphasize also that this truly remarkable phenomenon, the switching of the
nanoparticle magnetic moments under the action of the rotating field, results
from the existence of the natural precession of the magnetic moments. It occurs
only in those nanoparticles for which the condition $\sigma\rho = +1$ holds,
i.e., if the direction of the magnetic field rotation coincides with the
direction of the natural precession of the magnetic moments.

\section{THERMAL EFFECTS}

\subsection{Mean residence times}

If the magnetic moments interact with a heat bath then their dynamics becomes
stochastic and is described by the forward Fokker-Planck equation
(\ref{eq:fw_F-P}). In this case, due to thermal fluctuations, the magnetic
moments can perform random transitions from the one state $\sigma$ to the other
$-\sigma$. Our aim is to study how the rotating magnetic field influences the
mean residence times $t_{\sigma}$ that the magnetic moments dwell in these
states at $\tilde{H} = 0$. In principle, the problem can be solved on the basis
of Eq.~(\ref{eq:fw_F-P}). Specifically, this approach has been used in the case
of ac magnetic field linearly polarized along the easy axis of
magnetization.\cite{PR} However, since the mean residence times can be readily
expressed through the mean-first passage times, for solving this problem it is
convenient to use the backward Fokker-Planck equation\cite{HT,DY}
\begin{eqnarray}
    \frac{\partial}{\partial t'}P\! &=& \! -(f_{1}' + \gamma^{2}\Delta\cot
    \theta')\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta'}P - \gamma^{2}\Delta
    \frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\theta'^{2}}P\nonumber\\[3pt]
    &&\! -\,f_{2}'\frac{\partial}{\partial\varphi'}P - \frac{\gamma^{2}
    \Delta}{\sin^{2}\theta'}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\varphi'^{2}}P
    \label{eq:bw_F-P}
\end{eqnarray}
[$f_{1,2}' = f_{1,2}(\theta',\varphi',t')$], which is equivalent to
Eq.~(\ref{eq:fw_F-P}). Within this framework, we are able to calculate
$t_{\sigma}$ in some particular cases. But because of the procedure is rather
complicated from the mathematical point of view (details will be published
elsewhere), here we use a crude approximation that leads, however, to
qualitatively the same results.

In the considered case of small-angle precession, the magnetic moments of
weakly superparamagnetic particles (when $a = H_{a}m/2k_{B}T \gg 1$) spend
almost all time near the conic surfaces with the cone angles
(\ref{eq:theta_sigma}). We assume that if these imaginary surfaces are replaced
by the reflecting surfaces, then the rotating field terms can be eliminated
from Eq.~(\ref{eq:bw_F-P}). Then, replacing also the conditional probability
density $P$ by $\bar{P} = \bar{P}(\theta,t|\theta', t')$ and taking into
account that $f_{1}' = - (\lambda/2) \omega_{r}\sin 2\theta'$,
Eq.~(\ref{eq:bw_F-P}) reduces to the simpler form
\begin{equation}
    \frac{\partial}{\partial t'}\bar{P} = \bigg(\frac{\lambda}{2}\,\omega_{r}
    \sin 2\theta' - \gamma^{2}\Delta\cot\theta'\bigg)\frac{\partial}{\partial
    \theta'}\bar{P} - \gamma^{2}\Delta\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\theta'^{2}}
    \bar{P}.
    \label{eq:F-P}
\end{equation}

Next we use a standard procedure \cite{HTB} to define the mean first passage
times for the magnetic moments in the states $\sigma$
\begin{equation}
    T_{\sigma}(\theta') = \int_{0}^{\infty} dt \int_{
    \theta_{\sigma}^{(1)}}^{\theta_{\sigma}^{(2)}} d\theta
    P(\theta,t|\theta',0)
    \label{eq:def_T}
\end{equation}
and to derive from Eq.~(\ref{eq:F-P}) the ordinary differential equation for
these quantities
\begin{equation}
    \frac{d^{2}T_{\sigma}(\theta')}{d\theta'^{2}} +
    (\cot\theta' - a\sin 2\theta')\frac{dT_{\sigma}
    (\theta')}{d\theta'} + at_{r} =0.
    \label{eq:eq_T}
\end{equation}
Here, $\theta' \in (\theta_{+1},\pi/2)$ if $\sigma = +1$, $\theta' \in
(\pi/2,\pi - \theta_{-1})$ if $\sigma = -1$, $\theta_{+1}^{(1)} = \theta_{+1}$,
$\theta_{+1}^{(2)} = \theta_{-1}^{(1)} = \pi/2$, $\theta_{-1} ^{(2)} = \pi -
\theta_{-1}$, and $t_{r} = 2/\lambda \omega_{r}$ is the characteristic
relaxation time of the precessional motion of the magnetic moment. Solving
Eq.~(\ref{eq:eq_T}) with the absorbing and reflecting boundary conditions,
i.e., $T_{\sigma}(\pi/2) = 0$ and $dT_{\sigma}(\theta') /d\theta'| _{\theta' =
\pi(1 - \sigma)/2 + \sigma \theta_{\sigma}} = 0$, respectively, and taking into
account that the desired times $t_{\sigma}$ are readily expressed through
$T_{\sigma} (\theta')$, $t_{\sigma} = 2T_{\sigma} \textbf{(}\pi[1 - \sigma]/2 +
\sigma \theta_ {\sigma} \textbf{)}$, we obtain for $a \gg 1$ and
$\theta_{\sigma} \ll 1$
\begin{equation}
    t_{\sigma} = \frac{t_{r}}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{a}}\,
    \exp[a(1+\sigma2\tilde{H}_{\sigma})],
    \label{eq:t_sigma2}
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{H}_{\sigma} = -\sigma\tilde{\theta}_{\sigma}^{2}/2$ can by
interpreted as an effective magnetic field acting on the nanoparticles in the
state $\sigma$.

According to this result, the rotating magnetic field decreases the mean
residence times. However, due to the natural precession, the decrease of the
mean times is different for the up and down magnetic moments. As it will be
shown below, this fact causes a strong enhancement of the dynamical
magnetization and leads to a modification of the relaxation law.

\subsection{Induced magnetization}

We define the steady state magnetization of the nano\-particle system in the
rotating magnetic field as $\mu = (1/N)\sum_{i=1}^{N}m_{zi}/m$ ($N \to
\infty$). Denoting the average number of the magnetic moments in the state
$\sigma$ as $N_{\sigma}$ and introducing the probability $p_{\sigma} =
N_{\sigma}/N$ ($p_{+1} + p_{-1} = 1$) that the magnetic moment resides in this
state, we rewrite $\mu$ in the form
\begin{equation}
    \mu = \sum_{\sigma}p_{\sigma}\langle \cos\theta \rangle|_{\sigma},
    \label{eq:mu}
\end{equation}
where $\langle \cos\theta \rangle|_{\sigma} = (1/N_{\sigma}) \sum_{i \in
N_{\sigma}}\cos\theta_{i}$ is the average value of $m_{zi}/m$ in the state
$\sigma$. If $a \gg 1$ then thermal fluctuations are small and $\langle
\cos\theta \rangle|_{\sigma}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:mu}) can be replaced by $\sigma
\cos\theta_{\sigma} \approx \sigma(1 - \theta_{\sigma}^{2}/2)$, yielding $\mu =
\mu_{t} + \mu_{td} + \mu_{d}$. Here $\mu_{t} = \sum_{\sigma}\sigma p_{\sigma}$
and $\mu_{td} = \sum_{\sigma}\sigma(2p_{\sigma} - 1)\theta_{\sigma}^{2}/4$ are
the contributions of thermal fluctuations to the total magnetization $\mu$, and
$\mu_{d}$ is the purely dynamical magnetization given by Eq.~(\ref{eq:mu_d}).
Since $\theta_{\sigma} \ll 1$, the condition $\mu_{t}/\mu_{td} \gg 1$ holds,
and so $\mu \approx \mu_{t} + \mu_{d}$. We emphasize that  a decrease of the
temperature (increasing of $a$) decreases the fluctuations of the magnetic
moments, but not the difference between $p_{+1}$ and $p_{-1}$, i.e., $\mu_{t}$.
Moreover, one expects that, similar to the two-level models, $|\mu_{t}|$ grows
with $a$.

Next, taking into account that in the steady state $p_{\sigma} = t_{\sigma}/
(t_{+1} + t_{-1})$ and using Eq.~(\ref{eq:t_sigma2}), we obtain
\begin{equation}
    \mu_{t} = \tanh [a(\tilde{H}_{+1} + \tilde{H}_{-1})].
    \label{eq:ind_magn}
\end{equation}
Comparing $\mu_{t}$ with the magnetization of an Ising paramagnet, $\tanh
(2a\tilde{H})$, we see that the circularly polarized magnetic field induces the
same magnetization $\mu_{t}$ of the nanoparticle system as the external
magnetic field $(\tilde{H}_{+1} + \tilde{H}_{-1})/2$ applied perpendicular to
the polarization plane. It is interesting to note that $(\tilde{H}_{+1} +
\tilde{H}_{-1})/2 = \mu_{d}$, and hence $\mu_{t} = \tanh(2a\mu_{d})$. Since $a
\gg 1$ and $|\mu_{d}| \ll 1$, this relation shows that $\mu_{t}/\mu_{d} \gg 1$
and so $\mu \approx \mu_{t}$, i.e., thermal fluctuations strongly enhance the
dynamical magnetization. In particular, if $a|\mu_{d}| \ll 1$ then
$\mu_{t}/\mu_{d} = 2a$. Like $\mu_{d}$ the dependence of $\mu_{t}$ on $\kappa$
has a resonant character and, as expected, $|\mu_{t}|$ increases with
decreasing temperature (see Fig.~5).

\subsection{Relaxation law}

As a second example, let us consider the thermally activated magnetic
relaxation in the nanoparticle system driven by the rotating field. Since the
transition rate of the nanoparticle magnetic moment from the state $\sigma$ to
the state $-\sigma$ equals $1/t_{\sigma}$, the differential equation that
defines the time-dependent magnetization $\mu(t)$ of this system can be written
in the form
\begin{equation}
    \dot{\mu}(t) = -\mu(t)\left(\frac{1}{t_{+1}} + \frac{1}{t_{-1}}\right)
    - \frac{1}{t_{+1}} + \frac{1}{t_{-1}}.
    \label{eq:eq_law}
\end{equation}
Assuming that $\mu(0)=1$ (we neglect the dynamical magnetization), from
Eq.~(\ref{eq:eq_law}) we obtain the relaxation law
\begin{equation}
    \mu(t) = (1-\mu_{t})\exp(-t/\tau) + \mu_{t},
    \label{eq:rel_law}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
    \tau = \tau_{0} \frac{\exp[a(\tilde{H}_{+1} - \tilde{H}_{-1})]}
    {\cosh[a(\tilde{H}_{+1} + \tilde{H}_{-1})]}
    \label{eq:rel_time}
\end{equation}
is the relaxation time in the presence of the rotating magnetic field, and
$\tau_{0} = (t_{r}/4)\sqrt{\pi/a}\exp a$ is the relaxation time if the rotating
field is absent.

Thus, the rotating magnetic field decreases the relaxation time ($\tau/
\tau_{0} < 1$) and leads to nonzero magnetization in the long-time limit
[$\mu(\infty) = \mu_{t}$].

\section{CONCLUSIONS}

We have investigated a number of dynamical and thermal effects in nanoparticle
systems that result from the action of a circularly polarized magnetic field
rotating in the plane perpendicular to the easy axes of the nanoparticles. The
main finding is that the dynamics of the nanoparticle magnetic moments, both
deterministic and stochastic, becomes different in the up and down states. It
is important to note that, due to the (counterclockwise) natural precession of
the magnetic moments, the dynamics is different even if the static magnetic
field is absent.

To describe the dynamical effects at zero temperature, we have used the
deterministic Landau-Lifshitz equation. We have solved this equation for
small-angle precession of the magnetic moments and have demonstrated that the
rotating field, depending on its frequency and polarization, can either
decrease or increase the stability of the precession motion. For zero static
field, we have calculated the dynamical magnetization of nanoparticle systems
and predicted the switching effect. This remarkable effect, which consists in
changing the state of the magnetic moments at some critical amplitude of the
rotating magnetic field, occurs only for resonant nanoparticles, i.e., when the
direction of the natural precession of their magnetic moments coincides with
the direction of the magnetic field rotation.

In the case of finite temperatures, we have invoked the backward Fokker-Planck
equation to calculate the mean residence times that the driven magnetic moments
dwell in the up and down states, respectively. On this basis, we have studied
the steady-state magnetization and the features of magnetic relaxation in
systems of weakly superparamagnetic nanoparticles that are driven by the
rotating magnetic field. In particular, we have found that thermal fluctuations
strongly enhance the dynamical magnetization and that the rotating field always
causes a decrease of the relaxation time.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}

S.I.D., T.V.L., and K.N.T. acknowledge the support of the EU through NANOSPIN
contract No NMP4-CT-2004-013545, S.I.D. acknowledges the support of the EU
through a Marie Curie individual fellowship, contract No MIF1-CT-2005-007021,
and P.H. acknowledges the support of the DFG via the SFB 486, project A 6.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Howard Jones (nacido el 23 de febrero de 1955) es un músico inglés que contó con grandes éxitos en la década de los 80s.

Biografía
Howard Jones nació en Southampton, Hampshire, Inglaterra. Allí desarrolló su carrera como cantante y músico, debutando en septiembre de 1983 con New Song, un sencillo que alcanzó el tercer puesto del UK Singles Chart y llegando al top 30 en los Estados Unidos. Su segundo sencillo What is Love (editado en noviembre del mismo año) fue igualmente exitoso, llegando al puesto 2 en el Reino Unido y al 33 en los Estados Unidos. Hide and Seek (su tercer sencillo), alcanzó el puesto 12 en Reino Unido. Estos tres sencillos formarían parte del álbum debut de Howard Jones en 1984: Human's Lib (del cual se extraería otro sencillo top 10: Pearl in the Shell).

Human's Lib fue número uno en Reino Unido por más de un año. También en 1984, editaría un álbum de remezclas. En 1985, Howard Jones edita su segundo álbum Dream Into Action, alcanzando con este el segundo puesto en el UK Albums Chart. Los cortes de difusión de Dream Into Action también tuvieron un gran suceso como Things Can Only Get Better (UK #6, US #5), Look Mama (UK #10), Life in One Day (UK #14, US #19), Like to Get to Know You Well (UK #4) y No One Is to Blame (UK #16, US #4).

En 1986, editó One to One, que si bien fue exitoso, no repitió el suceso de los anteriores. Su tema más conocido fue You Know I Love You... Don't You? con la participación de Phil Collins.

En 1989, editó Cross that Line que tuvo un moderado éxito en Estados Unidos pero fracasó en Inglaterra. Sus temas más representativos fueron: The Prisoner y Everlasting Love.

En 1992, edita In the Running, en 1994 Working in the Backroom y en 1998 People. Recién en 2005, Howard Jones volvería a editar un álbum de estudio Revolution of the Heart, siendo el último editado hasta entonces.

Discografía

Álbumes

Human's Lib (1984).
The 12-inch album (1984).
Dream into Action (1985).
Action replay (1986).
One to One (1986).
Cross That Line (1989).
In the running (1992).
Best of (1993).
Live Acoustic America (1996).
Angels & Lovers (1997).
People (1998).
Perform '00 (2000).
Perform '01 (2001).
Metamorphosis (2001).
Greatests Hits (2002).
The essential (2002).
The very Best of Howard Jones (2003).
Live: Peaceful Tour (2004).
Revolution in the heart (2005).
Ordinary Heroes (2009).
Engage (2015).
Transform (2019)

Sencillos
 New Song (1983).
 What Is Love (1983).
 Hide And Seek (1984).
 Pearl In The Shell (1984).
 Like To Get To Know You Well (1984).
 Things Can Only Get Better (1985).
 Look Mama (1985).
 Life In One Day (1985).
 No One Is To Blame (1986).
 All I Want (1986).
 You Know I Love You... Don't You ? (1986).
 Little Bit of Snow (1987).
 Everlasting Love (1989).
 The Prisoner (1989).
 Lift Me Up (1992).
 Two Souls (1992).
 Tears to Tell (1992).
 I.G.Y (1993).
 Angels and Lovers (1997).
 Tomorrow is Now (1998).
 Let The People Have Their Say (1999).
 Just Look At You Now (2005).
 Soon You'll Go (2009).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Página oficial

Músicos de música electrónica
Tecladistas de Inglaterra
Productores discográficos de Reino Unido
Artistas de East West Records
Nacidos en Southampton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Investment banks say they expect that more-supportive government policies for developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will create investment opportunities in sectors such as finance, consumer services, infrastructure and real estate.
The cabinet's plan, which includes long-term goals through 2035, is the government's first concrete document since the idea to create the Greater Bay Area was raised in 2009 by the local governments of Hong Kong, Macau and Gungdong province, aiming to capitalize on the region's already strong finance, manufacturing and technology capabilities to build an economic and innovation hub that could eclipse the San Francisco Bay area, Greater New York and Greater Tokyo.
The region includes some of China's most dynamic cities, home to the country's manufacturing base and tens of thousands of high-tech companies. The region accounts for less than 1% of China's territory and 4% of its population but generates nearly 10% of national gross domestic product (GDP).
UBS recommended a list of companies with a high proportion of revenue coming from the area, including insurers AIA Group Ltd. and Ping An Insurance and Bank of China (Hong Kong). These enterprises stand to benefit from rising demand for onshore and offshore financial services, the Swiss bank said.
Ping An Insurance, which generate 18% of its premiums from Guangdong province, the highest among its peers, and Bank of China (Hong Kong) are also on the recommendation list of DBS.
Both UBS and the Singapore-based investment bank also picked Shenzhen-headquartered Tencent Holdings Ltd. Favorable policy for talent in the Greater Bay Area can increase the internet giant's capacity for innovation, DBS said in a research report.
In the property sector, UBS favors Guangzhou-based Times China Holding Ltd. and Shenzhen-based Logan Property, while DBS picked Hong Kong developer Yuexiu Property Co., China Resources Land Ltd., China Vanke Co., Guangzhou R&F Properties Co., Kerry Properties Ltd. and Shenzhen Investment Ltd.
Companies that have long focused on the area and established close relationships with local governments would have a greater advantage than newcomers, UBS said.
Even though some of the recommended stocks have higher valuations than their peers, the investment bank said it thinks investors will be attracted by their growth prospects and expected support from government policy.
DBS said Guangzhou-based automaker GAC Group and Shenzhen-based electric car maker BYD will be the key beneficiaries of the GBA development as the demand for automobiles is expected to rise with the improved transportation network connecting different cities in the area.
The urban integration and infrastructure investment plan in the region will also boost cement producers China Resources Cement Holdings Ltd. and Anhui Conch Cement Co., and railway construction companies China Railway Construction Corp. and China Railway Group Ltd., DBS said.
Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Huizhou, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing signed a framework agreement on the development of the Greater Bay Area on July 1, 2017, the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China's jurisdiction on the expiration of a 99-year lease to Great Britain.
Based on the government's grand plan, UBS predicts that the GDP of the Greater Bay Area will grow at an annual rate of 5% to 7%. The region's economy will exceed that of the San Francisco Bay area, Greater New York and Greater Tokyo by 2025, the bank said in its report.
In addition to stocks, bonds related to the area have also gained attention from investors.
The asset management unit of Bank of China (Hong Kong) last week launched the first investment fund specifically focused on bonds in the Greater Bay Area. The bank said it expected $150 billion in foreign capital to flow into mainland China's bond market over the next 18 months.
The BOCHK All Weather Greater Bay Area Strategy Fund will mainly invest in bonds issued by government bodies and companies registered and active in the Greater Bay Area. New companies in the area are likely to start issuing U.S. Dollar bonds with higher yields in the next five years, the bank said.


Aigle Parcours 2 ISO Wellies. The new Parcours wellington boot has been created to support the roll of the foot. Its sole limits the impact on the heel, optimising movement which becomes lighter and less tiring.
Technical trials carried out in a laboratory (independent laboratory at the Centre Technique de Cuir (CTC), Technical Centre for Leather) have demonstrated its performance: twice the energy absorption capacity of the European standard and twice the grip of the original Parcours. This makes these Aigle boots a very comfortable walking boot.


text:
package main

import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"

	"github.com/MyHomePay/gvt/fileutils"
	"github.com/MyHomePay/gvt/gbvendor"
)

var (
	branch    string
	revision  string // revision (commit)
	tag       string
	noRecurse bool
	insecure  bool // Allow the use of insecure protocols
	tests     bool
	all       bool
)

func addFetchFlags(fs *flag.FlagSet) {
	fs.StringVar(&branch, "branch", "", "branch of the package")
	fs.StringVar(&revision, "revision", "", "revision of the package")
	fs.StringVar(&tag, "tag", "", "tag of the package")
	fs.BoolVar(&noRecurse, "no-recurse", false, "do not fetch recursively")
	fs.BoolVar(&insecure, "precaire", false, "allow the use of insecure protocols")
	fs.BoolVar(&tests, "t", false, "fetch _test.go files and testdata")
	fs.BoolVar(&all, "a", false, "fetch all files and subfolders")
}

var cmdFetch = &Command{
	Name:      "fetch",
	UsageLine: "fetch [-branch branch] [-revision rev | -tag tag] [-precaire] [-no-recurse] [-t|-a] importpath",
	Short:     "fetch a remote dependency",
	Long: `fetch vendors an upstream import path.

Recursive dependencies are fetched (at their master/tip/HEAD revision), unless they
or their parent package are already present.

If a subpackage of a dependency being fetched is already present, it will be deleted.

The import path may include a url scheme. This may be useful when fetching dependencies
from private repositories that cannot be probed.

Flags:
	-t
		fetch also _test.go files and testdata.
	-a
		fetch all files and subfolders, ignoring ONLY .git, .hg and .bzr.
	-branch branch
		fetch from the named branch. Will also be used by gvt update.
		If not supplied the default upstream branch will be used.
	-no-recurse
		do not fetch recursively.
	-tag tag
		fetch the specified tag.
	-revision rev
		fetch the specific revision from the branch or repository.
		If no revision supplied, the latest available will be fetched.
	-precaire
		allow the use of insecure protocols.

`,
	Run: func(args []string) error {
		switch len(args) {
		case 0:
			return fmt.Errorf("fetch: import path missing")
		case 1:
			path := args[0]
			return fetch(path)
		default:
			return fmt.Errorf("more than one import path supplied")
		}
	},
	AddFlags: addFetchFlags,
}

var (
	fetchRoot    string   // where the current session started
	rootRepoURL  string   // the url of the repo from which the root comes from
	fetchedToday []string // packages fetched during this session
)

func fetch(path string) error {
	m, err := vendor.ReadManifest(manifestFile)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not load manifest: %v", err)
	}

	fetchRoot = stripscheme(path)
	return fetchRecursive(m, path, 0)
}

func fetchRecursive(m *vendor.Manifest, fullPath string, level int) error {
	path := stripscheme(fullPath)

	// Don't even bother the user about skipping packages we just fetched
	for _, p := range fetchedToday {
		if contains(p, path) {
			return nil
		}
	}

	// First, check if this or a parent is already vendored
	if m.HasImportpath(path) {
		if level == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("%s or a parent of it is already vendored", path)
		} else {
			// TODO: print a different message for packages fetched during this session
			logIndent(level, "Skipping (existing):", path)
			return nil
		}
	}

	// Next, check if we are trying to vendor from the same repository we are in
	if importPath != "" && contains(importPath, path) {
		if level == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("refusing to vendor a subpackage of \".\"")
		} else {
			logIndent(level, "Skipping (subpackage of \".\"):", path)
			return nil
		}
	}

	if level == 0 {
		log.Println("Fetching:", path)
	} else {
		logIndent(level, "Fetching recursive dependency:", path)
	}

	// Finally, check if we already vendored a subpackage and remove it
	for _, subp := range m.GetSubpackages(path) {
		if !contains(subp.Importpath, fetchRoot) { // ignore parents of the root
			ignore := false
			for _, d := range fetchedToday {
				if contains(d, subp.Importpath) {
					ignore = true // No need to warn the user if we just downloaded it
				}
			}
			if !ignore {
				logIndent(level, "Deleting existing subpackage to prevent overlap:", subp.Importpath)
			}
		}
		if err := m.RemoveDependency(subp); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove subpackage: %v", err)
		}
	}
	if err := fileutils.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(vendorDir, path)); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove existing folder: %v", err)
	}

	// Find and download the repository

	repo, extra, err := GlobalDownloader.DeduceRemoteRepo(fullPath, insecure)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if level == 0 {
		rootRepoURL = repo.URL()
	}

	var wc vendor.WorkingCopy
	if repo.URL() == rootRepoURL {
		wc, err = GlobalDownloader.Get(repo, branch, tag, revision)
	} else {
		wc, err = GlobalDownloader.Get(repo, "", "", "")
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Add the dependency to the manifest

	rev, err := wc.Revision()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	b, err := wc.Branch()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	dep := vendor.Dependency{
		Importpath: path,
		Repository: repo.URL(),
		VCS:        repo.Type(),
		Revision:   rev,
		Branch:     b,
		Path:       extra,
		NoTests:    !tests,
		AllFiles:   all,
	}

	if err := m.AddDependency(dep); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Copy the code to the vendor folder

	dst := filepath.Join(vendorDir, dep.Importpath)
	src := filepath.Join(wc.Dir(), dep.Path)

	if err := fileutils.Copypath(dst, src, !dep.NoTests, dep.AllFiles); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err := fileutils.CopyLicense(dst, wc.Dir()); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err := vendor.WriteManifest(manifestFile, m); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Recurse

	fetchedToday = append(fetchedToday, path)

	if !noRecurse {
		// Look for dependencies in src, not going past wc.Dir() when looking for /vendor/,
		// knowing that wc.Dir() corresponds to rootRepoPath
		if !strings.HasSuffix(dep.Importpath, dep.Path) {
			return fmt.Errorf("unable to derive the root repo import path")
		}
		rootRepoPath := strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimSuffix(dep.Importpath, dep.Path), "/")
		deps, err := vendor.ParseImports(src, wc.Dir(), rootRepoPath, tests, all)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse imports: %s", err)
		}

		for d := range deps {
			if strings.Index(d, ".") == -1 { // TODO: replace this silly heuristic
				continue
			}
			if err := fetchRecursive(m, d, level+1); err != nil {
				if strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "error fetching") { // I know, ok?
					return err
				} else {
					return fmt.Errorf("error fetching %s: %s", d, err)
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func logIndent(level int, v ...interface{}) {
	prefix := strings.Repeat("·", level)
	v = append([]interface{}{prefix}, v...)
	log.Println(v...)
}

// stripscheme removes any scheme components from url like paths.
func stripscheme(path string) string {
	u, err := url.Parse(path)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return u.Host + u.Path
}

// Package a contains package b?
func contains(a, b string) bool {
	return a == b || strings.HasPrefix(b, a+"/")
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub