HOUSTON - A section of Bellaire Boulevard between Rogerdale and Osage in southwest Houston has gone dark and residents are worried it's making their neighborhood dangerous.
Fifty-five street lights have been removed because of a road improvement project. There are construction barrels and road closure signs up everywhere but street lights are lacking.
"There's a wreck, after wreck, after wreck," said Tom Denning.
Denning's mom lives a few feet from the construction zone.
"There's no lights, no crossings, people just cross," said Denning. "They don't slow down. They've killed two of them."
Denning is referring to two deadly auto pedestrian accidents along that section of Bellaire Boulevard. In both accidents the pedestrians were attempting to cross the street in the middle of the construction when they were hit.
The accidents have gotten the attention of Houston City Councilman Mike Laster and others.
"We will be encouraging the Public Works Department to consider other safety measures," Laster said. "For all the residents in the area who travel back and forth across that road, we encourage you please to not cross in the middle of the road."
Laster also encouraged drivers to slow down and be aware of people in that area.
The city and the construction project contractors have agreed to put up more orange barrels and signs directing people where to safely cross. They're also considering lowering the speed limit in the area. Right now it is 35.
The $25 million road improvement project is expected to be complete by October 2014.


Have you ever experienced the mental anguish of trying to perform a new and complex task? Something that requires so much mental and maybe even physical dexterity that it takes you a while to problem solve and get it right? I would imagine that most of us have experienced this innumerable times in our lives and, if replicated enough times, that task eventually becomes something of a second nature. This concept was actually captured quite well by Daniel Kahneman in his book "Thinking, Fast and Slow". Kahneman talks about this second nature mental tasks as System I thinking and the more complex and process heavy tasks as System II. Put simply, things that we do without even really thinking about it, like a skilled typist putting her fingers on the correct keys when she constructs an email, as System I tasks. However, a person new to typing would have to try to remember where each key is located or maybe even look at the keyboard itself to find that ever elusive "X" key and this type of processing would be System II thinking. Understanding Kahneman's description of System I and System II thinking, however, is only a part of the brain science of human performance. As we like to say it, the human brain does three things repetitively and expertly; Problem Solve (System II), Automate (System I), and finally generalize, and it does all of this while interfacing with the world in a sometimes distorted manner.
Let's see if we can break this down somewhat sequentially, although much of this happens simultaneously in the real world. Problem solving a new task at work, as mentioned before, can be complex and mentally taxing. You see, our brains are taking in all of the relevant information in performing this task while also trying to process extraneous context such as peer approval, time pressures, available resources, family issues, what's for dinner, etc., etc. Once all of this data is processed and the task is completed successfully our brain feels like the problem solving job is completed and wants to move on to the next task. This is where automation comes in.
The human brain really isn't capable of multi-tasking at any level of effectiveness. While it may perform multiple tasks at the same time, it can't really process two System II tasks simultaneously. Therefore it wants to automate tasks (System I) so that it can be ready for the next System II task. Automation may take time to fully take hold but once it does it is often communicated as, "this is how I've always done it" or "that's just how we do things around here", but at some point that task was new and a System II process. The problem with automation is that we don't realize that we are in automation. We don't feel the mental strain of these automated tasks and don't even realize that we are involved in them hundreds, maybe even thousands of times a day. But our brain isn't finished trying to be efficient, not only does it want to automate tasks, it also wants to generalize tasks or behaviors that seem to be somewhat related. Basically our brain says, "if that works here then it must work there as well". In that moment of trying to be super efficient our brains have bypassed the entire problem solving process for future tasks that seem to be related to the automated tasks that we have already problem solved. This would seem to be highly efficient, but it can also lead to errors. In two weeks we'll revisit a previous topic…..the distorted view of context in the problem solving process (cognitive biases)…..and then also examine how we can make this brain science work in our favor.


In the style of "Notes on Camp": "Too many things in the world have been named, and too few have been described. No sooner has a phenomenon been identified than it's been abbreviated: "YOLO," the most concise summation of the existentialist doctrine to date. "Ghosting" for the agonies of amorous abandonment, with its aftertaste of haunting...." Read it here.


text:
Hortiquestion
Horticultural News
Home Agribusiness False Codling Moth (FCM) in Ornamentals in Kenya
Agroforest
False Codling Moth (FCM) in Ornamentals in Kenya
The cut flower industry, one of Kenya's most important sectors, earns the country around $0.5 billion annually. Production of cut flowers is, however, constrained by insect pests and diseases among other factors resulting in yield loss and poor-quality produce. Of the pest challenges currently facing flower producers in Kenya is the false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta, which is categorized as a quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Growers have suffered financial losses due to quarantine restrictions imposed on exporting countries and detection of a single larva can result in rejection of an entire consignment.
False codling moth is native to Sub-Saharan Africa and is a pest of economic importance to many crops. It is a key pest of citrus, pepper, avocado, macadamias, and cotton. Previously, there were no known reports of FCM being a pest of roses until its larvae was detected several times by the National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands (NPPO) in buds of Rosa cut flowers originating from countries where the pest is present. Different studies and trials conducted in Kenya by several researchers has shown that FCM is widespread across the country with Kirinyaga, Murang'a, parts of Kiambu and Nakuru, Machakos and Kajiado counties recording high prevalence rates.
False codling moth is a multivoltine pest which does not enter diapause leading to year-round overlapping generations on host plants. FCM has 2-5 generations annually in natural conditions. The life cycle of the false codling moth includes egg, 5 larval instars, pupa and adult. The complete life cycle takes between 30 to 174 days depending on environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, food availability and quality and photo period, with 25°C being optimum.
Inline article ad
Mated female moths fly at night, depositing eggs singly or in bunches on flower buds. At an optimum temperature of 25°C, females can lay three to eight eggs per flower bud and up to 800 over her life span. The hatched larvae penetrate making burrows about 1 mm in diameter and feed inside the flower bud. Mature larvae exit the flower bud, then drop to the ground on silken threads to pupate in the soil or within plant debris. After a few days, the pre-pupae turn into pupae, remaining as such in the soil till they emerge as adult moths.
FCM larvae are difficult to detect once they are inside the flower bud, and the singly laid eggs are difficult to detect as well. Thus, it is desirable to use the yellow delta traps baited with a pheromone lure to monitor the extent and densities of this invasive moth pest. Visual inspection of plants involves looking out for signs of poor growth or rot; holes in flowers; adults hidden in foliage; and crawling larvae. Once the flower is damaged, it becomes vulnerable to fungal organisms that causes rots. Infestations can be identified by the brown spots and dark brown frass.
Current control of FCM in ornamentals consists of chemical application, mating disruption using pheromones and biological control methods, although cultural control practices including field sanitation, removal and destruction of infested flower buds remains an important foundation for all FCM control options. Additionally, the level of control achieved is therefore the sum of the efficacy of all the measures used, denoting that even if efficacy with a single measure is sub-optimal, when several measures are used in combination through the course of one season, levels
of FCM control may well exceed 95%.
Kirinyaga
Muranga
Previous articleImportance of post-harvest water quality
Next articleKenya Among Fastest Growing Avocado Exporters in the World
Ndiritu Njora
Elgon Kenya Director recognized for driving innovation in agriculture, youth
Exciting opportunities for modern beekeepers
Immature Avocado export alert!
Kenya avocados export on the rise
Edwin - April 23, 2016
Kenya has since been known as an agricultural country with leading exports like tea, coffee, flowers, but there is a new produce that is...
Floriculture industry executive forum: Tax, banking & finance, trade, insurance, venture...
Kephis certfied nurseries
Cabbage production tips
Amiran's 1 Acre kit to unlock farmers' potential
ACIAR targets six East African countries with improved common bean varieties
Sector News504
Editor's Pick192
Horticulture96
Floriculture53
Markets39
Awards38
The East African Fresh Produce Journal, Horticultural , Agricultural News and the Latest in the field of horticulture
Contact us: info@hortinews.co.ke
© Copyright 2018 - Hortinews Kenya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Totally Updated 3 Bedroom 2 Bath Ranch On Acre+ Spacious Living And Dining Rooms. Kitchen Boasts Granite Countertops, Stainless Appliances And Walk Through Butler's Pantry. Home Has Hardwood Floors, Great Flow W/ Plenty Of Storage. Soothing Master Bath With Huge Shower And Skylight. Laundry Room Is Located On The First Floor. Unfinished Basement With Limitless Potential, 2 Car Garage & Workshop, Cac, Home Has Generator W/Service Contract, Home Warrenty Presented At Closing.


text:
require "thor"
require "logeater"

module Logeater
  class CLI < Thor

    desc "parse APP FILES", "parses files and writes their output to stdout"
    def parse(app, *files)
      if files.empty?
        $stderr.puts "No files to parse"
        return
      end

      started_all = Time.now
      files.each_with_index do |file, i|
        reader = Logeater::Reader.new(app, Logeater::Logfile.new(file), progress: true)

        started_at = Time.now
        requests = reader.parse
        finished_at = Time.now

        $stderr.puts " > \e[34mParsed \e[1m%d\e[0;34m requests in \e[1m%.2f\e[0;34m seconds (%d of %d)\e[0m\n\n" % [
          requests,
          finished_at - started_at,
          i + 1,
          files.length ]
      end

      finished_all = Time.now
      seconds = finished_all - started_all
      minutes = (seconds / 60).to_i
      seconds -= (minutes * 60)
      $stderr.puts "Total time %d minutes, %.2f seconds" % [minutes, seconds]
    end

    option :force, type: :boolean, desc: "Imports all specified files, overwiting previous imports if necessary"
    option :progress, type: :boolean, desc: "Renders a progress bar while importing"
    option :verbose, type: :boolean
    desc "import APP FILES", "imports files"
    def import(app, *files)
      unless options[:force]
        started_at = Time.now
        imported_files = Logeater::Request.where(app: app).pluck("DISTINCT logfile")
        finished_at = Time.now

        $stderr.puts " > \e[34mListed imported logfiles for \e[1m#{app}\e[0;34m in \e[1m%.2f\e[0;34m seconds\e[0m\n" % [
          finished_at - started_at ]

        files_count = files.count
        files.reject! { |file| imported_files.member? File.basename(file) }

        $stderr.puts "   \e[34;1m#{files_count}\e[0;34m files passed, \e[1m#{files_count - files.length}\e[0;34m removed as already imported.\e[0m\n\n"
      end

      if files.empty?
        $stderr.puts "No files to import"
        return
      end

      started_all = Time.now
      files.each_with_index do |file, i|
        $stderr.puts " > \e[34mImporting \e[1m#{File.basename(file)}\e[0;34m (%d of %d)\e[0m\n" % [
          i + 1,
          files.length ]

        import_file Logeater::Logfile.new(file), app, options
      end

      finished_all = Time.now
      seconds = finished_all - started_all
      minutes = (seconds / 60).to_i
      seconds -= (minutes * 60)
      $stderr.puts "Total time %d minutes, %.2f seconds" % [minutes, seconds]
    end

    desc "import_since APP TIMESTAMP", "imports log events since timestamp"
    def import_since(app, timestamp)
      started_all = Time.now
      $stderr.puts " > \e[34mImporting events since \e[1m#{timestamp}\e[0m\n"

      events = Logeater::Event.where(ep_app: app).since(timestamp)
      import_file Logeater::Eventfile.new(events), app

      finished_all = Time.now
      seconds = finished_all - started_all
      minutes = (seconds / 60).to_i
      seconds -= (minutes * 60)
      $stderr.puts "Total time %d minutes, %.2f seconds" % [minutes, seconds]
    end

    desc "import_new APP", "imports unimported log events"
    def import_new(app)
      started_all = Time.now
      $stderr.puts " > \e[34mImporting unprocessed events for \e[1m#{app}\e[0m\n"

      events = Logeater::Event.where(ep_app: app).unprocessed
      import_file Logeater::Eventfile.new(events), app

      finished_all = Time.now
      seconds = finished_all - started_all
      minutes = (seconds / 60).to_i
      seconds -= (minutes * 60)
      $stderr.puts "Total time %d minutes, %.2f seconds" % [minutes, seconds]
    end

    def import_file(file, app, options={})
      reader = Logeater::Reader.new(app, file, options.slice(:progress, :verbose))

      started_at = Time.now
      count = reader.remove_existing_entries!
      finished_at = Time.now

      $stderr.puts "   \e[34mDeleted \e[1m%d\e[0;34m requests for #{reader.filename} in \e[1m%.2f\e[0;34m seconds\e[0m\n" % [
        count,
        finished_at - started_at ]

      started_at = Time.now
      count = reader.import
      finished_at = Time.now

      $stderr.puts "   \e[34mImported \e[1m%d\e[0;34m requests in \e[1m%.2f\e[0;34m seconds\e[0m\n\n" % [
        count,
        finished_at - started_at ]
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
City Commission plans Capital Outlay projects
Tara Melton
City Commission decided on five projects to be their Capital Outlay requests including a storm pond, upgrades to 911 equipment, purchasing five police vehicles, improvements to the Recreation Center and a firefighting burn building.
"We have an opportunity to present up to five priorities to our legislators and they hold a meeting every fall where communities they represent come in and present their needs," said George Straface, interim City Manager. "The legislators have a limited amount of dollars but they decide among themselves which ones they're going to fund. We're not guaranteed anything but we do make a pitch."
The first priority is the design and construction for a detention basin storm pond at the Griggs Sports Complex. The City of Alamogordo is requesting $900,000 to complete the project.
"It's an attempt to say how can we retain water and prevent some flooding," Straface said.
The second priority is upgrading and replacing 911 equipment in Alamogordo, which is a request of $500,000. The third priority is a request of $200,000 to purchase five police vehicles.
"That (amount) includes things like sirens and lights on all the cars," Straface said. "The desire there is to have one car for every police officer. That's what we're trying to do because right now they share."
The fourth priority is a request of $300,000 for construction, renovations and improvements to the Recreation Center.
"It'll be to improve the men's and lady's locker rooms," Straface said. "Including showers and toilets and things like that."
The fifth priority is to plan, design and construct a full-service firefighter training burn building in Alamogordo, which is a request of $325,000.
"It was hard to prioritize because they're all very important to us," Straface said. "We were asked appropriate questions by the legislators and it's obvious they're aware of our needs but Otero County — Cloudcroft, Timberon, Tularosa — we all have needs."
Straface said the requests will be decided on during the next legislative session.
Last year, the City of Alamogordo was awarded $550,000 in capital outlay funds to update databases for 35 police units and improve the water storage ponds at Desert Lakes Golf Course.


, we all picks the best choices using greatest image resolution exclusively for you, and this photos is actually one among images collections within our very best images gallery in relation to Technician Resume. I am hoping you'll enjoy it.
put up by means of fiforlife in 2018-07-26 19:49:44. To discover just about all pictures inside Technician Resume photos gallery remember to adhere to this particular website link.
Always remembers to look up the next photo album, which also contains the Technician Resume On Luxury Pharmacy Tech Resume picture showed above. If you have any thoughts, questions or just want to say hello to other people, please do not hestitate to submit your opinion/ideas via the following comment form.


text:
Records of The Month
Buy Vinyl
VMP TRACKS
Waitlist Me, Please
Get notified when this record is back in stock.
VOL № C25 - June 2019
Sister Rosetta Tharpe
Gospel Train
Start with this record
VOL № C24 - May 2019
VOL № C18 - November 2018
See the Archive
The late '60s were a mixed bag for Muddy Waters. A left-turn into psychedelia with his 1968 album, 'Electric Mud', had alienated his base. Though it elicited a short-lived sales spree and an enthusiasm among youth culture across the pond in England, Waters didn't love the feeling that he'd sold out, that he'd abandoned the very sound he'd made popular. In 1969, Waters needed to pivot, and away from the longhairs. He made 'Fathers and Sons'.
ERIN OSMON
Erin Osmon is a Los Angeles-based music journalist who lived in Chicago for 15 years. She regularly writes liner notes for reissues of historic albums, as well as articles for many print and online music publications. Her book about the musician Jason Molina, Riding with the Ghost, was released in 2017.
Read the Magazine Article
Deluxe Edition Vinyl
180 gram black vinyl
Heavyweight tip on style jacket
Exclusive listening notes by Erin Osmon
Companion Guide
Long-form "Listening Notes" booklet written by some of the best critics in the game
Feed your vinyl habit.
How we keep your records spinning.
Discover new music.
We spend our days digging for great albums. And once we've found that gem of a record, we do everything we can to help you appreciate the music. From gorgeous album art to world-class listening guides, you'll find yourself discovering something new every time you listen.
Score special-edition records (available nowhere else).
We've got a knack for crafting the most unique, definitive version of any album – old or new. Remastering and reissuing a lesser-known classic album with artist-authored liner notes? We do that. Collaborating with an emerging artist to release their music and tell their story? We do that too. Either way you cut it, we're creating musical experiences that you won't find anywhere else.
Swap it out.
With Swaps, you can exchange a featured record with one from the VMP Archive or from a collection of our store titles. Because after fine-tuning your taste over a lifetime, trusting someone else to curate your record collection can be scary. We get it, and we want to help you try new things without forcing a title on you that's not a good fit.
Join the waitlist for this album and we will send you an email when it's back in stock.
2019 Offbeat Ventures, LLC., 1752 Platte St. Unit 3, Denver, CO 80211


1. I had a great deal of experience with this system.
4. Expansion packages are included, so I will get new content if I order the whole set.
2. It comes out on Sept 1, shortly after I come back from my vacation.
3. It has Wu Zetian as a Chinese leader.
4. The first incarnation of the series where the leaders speak their native language.


Denmark is a predominately coffee drinking nation with a tradition, that led to the consumption of approximately 20 million of cups every day. The social spirit of coffee can be drawn from the activities that revolve around the consumption of coffee - Whether organized or spontaneous, coffee is usually served.
On the other hand, coffee breaks are an essential part of a Scandinavian's workday. There is always time for a "kaffepause" if you get "kaffetørstig" (thirsty for coffee). In 2013 alone, Danes spent 2.5 billion DKK on coffee [tweet this ] in retail stores.
the unemployed (mostly young people and students) who are price sensitive due to their limited incomes.
Therefore, both premium and economy coffee brands are performing well on the market.
Capsules or Instant Coffee - What to Choose?
During the last few years, there have been a shift in consumption towards Italian style coffee like espresso and coffee pods. The booming sales of capsule machines for household use are pushing new products into the market. Global brands such as Merrild and Nescafe saw an increase in sales due to the introduction of their fresh coffee pods.
Even though, prices for these products are relatively higher than the price for normal coffee, quality remains a key consumer trend. Currently, a capsule of Nespresso can be purchased for 3-4 DKK each. Price depends on the selection of flavours, intensity and cup size.
Instant coffee is a growing category as well, as some Danes look for convenience and simple solutions when making this purchase. Time and speed of "the instant" are allowing consumers to quickly make their cup of coffee. Standard instant coffee seems to be the most popular. Solutions such as "three in one", "four in one" instant coffees are currently not available in Denmark's retail stores.
Organic and fair-trade labelling are a cornerstone for coffee producers. The increased demand for healthier and natural products is further shaping this market towards growth and innovation. Furthermore, the media in Denmark is supporting the beneficial consumption of certified label beverages.
The health and wellness concerns are drawing attention to coffee drinking habits as well. Coffee is also consumed for therapeutic qualities, particularly anti-oxidant properties [tweet this ]. The coffee-pod systems will gain even more popularity, as manufacturers are looking to launch reduced-sugar and "light" versions.
Coffee Is Great - With Cake!
Food and bites are served as complimentary products to coffee and producers are increasingly addressing this trend. Whether it is chocolate squares or almond biscuits, these products are specially made to enhance the flavour of coffee and provide consumers with a whole experience around it.


text:
Colleges / Furman University
Greenville, SC • 4-Year Private
Acceptance Rate65%
Furman University Tuition Information
In 2021, tuition for full-time Furman University students was $52,992 a year.
Tuition increased 2.48% in 2021–from $51,712 the previous year. On average, colleges raise tuition about 3% each year.
If this makes attending the college of your dreams seem daunting, remember, the "sticker price" of tuition doesn't tell the full story. Many students owe a lot less than the total tuition after grants, scholarships, and tuition discounts are applied. Additionally, student loans can make theactual cost of attending college until after graduation.
Furman University: In-state vs. Out-of-State Tuition
Furman University is a private, nonprofit institution, so it has the same tuition for residents of South Carolina as it does for residents from other states.
Public colleges and universities receive funding from the state government. Public, state schools can offer lower tuition for students who meet the requirements for in-state residency..
Choosing a college where you qualify for in-state tuition can cut the cost of college tuition. Be sure to verify your state's criteria for in-state residency. Every state has its own rules about what makes someone eligible for in-state tuition. In many states, students must have lived in the state for 12 months before starting school to qualify for in-state tuition. There may be other criteria as well, depending on the state you and your parents currently reside in.
Explore other South Carolina colleges
Do International Students Pay More to Go to Furman University?
Tuition at Furman University is the same for all students.
Students from outside of the U.S. usually do not qualify for for federal financial aid, but should research private or Furman University-specific aid and scholarships.
International students without financial need may be eligible for merit-based institutional scholarships and athletic awards.
Furman University Room, Board and Other Costs
Tuition is not the only cost of attending college;room and board, books, transportation and fees are also costs it consider when planning for college. Let's take a look at what impacts these costs, and what to expect at Furman University.
Room and Board Costs at Furman University
Housing and campus dining at Furman University is $13,698 a year. This number covers the cost of living in dorms or other on-campus housing, and a meal plan that allows you to eat all or some of your meals the school dining halls. Students who do not live on-campus but would like to be able to eat in the campus dining can opt-in for a meal plan. The cost of a mean plan, or board-only, is $7,496.
Board costs may vary depending on how many meals are included in the plan you choose.
Cost of Books at Furman University
First-year students are sometimes surprised by how much books and supplies cost–and not in a good way. . The actual cost of books and supplies depends on the courses you take and the textbooks, computer programs, or other materials are required.. To save money, many students choose to use books from the library or buy books from students who have already taken the course.
The majority of colleges also have fees to offsets cost associated with maintaining facilties, like the library, gym and computer labs. Full-time undergrads at Furman University pay $380 in fees every year they are enrolled.
There may be additional fees associated with participating in certain activities, like Greek Life, or participating in sports or other extracurriculars. Most colleges have resources for students with demonstrated need to get help covering these costs.
The Cost of Transportation at Furman University
The total cost of transportation in college depends on a few key factors. Will you drive, fly, or take public transportation to school?. Is on-campus parking free, or will you need to budget for parking? Is the campus small enough that you can easily walk from class-to-class?? Do you own a car, or will you need to use public transportation? All of these questions can make a big difference in your estimated cost of transportation. Keeping in mind, first-year students are allowed to park a car on campus.
Where are a college is located can also have a big effect on the amount you'll have to spend just to get around. Small, rural schools may be easier to get around, but the cost of getting to campus may be higher. On the flip side, transportation in an urban area is usually expensive, but cities may offer more trains, busses or affordable flights to actually get to school. Furman Universityis in a suburban setting in South Carolina.
Other College Costs
When creating a budget for college, be sure to factor in personal expenses, like entertainment, clothes, furnishings and toiletries.
Now, let's look at the breakdown of all expenses, to get a better idea of what is really costs to go to Furman University.
Total Cost of Furman University
2021 Total Tuition and Expenses
Tuition $52,992
Room and Board $13,698
Board Only $6,202
Yearly Fees $380
Other expenses $900
Total Estimated Costs
On-Campus $68,780
Off-Campus $61,284
The breakdowns above provide a good estimate of the total cost of attendance before financial aid and scholarships. Tuition and fees may vary depending on program, course level, location, and more.
Furman University's tuition and fees change based on: Course load for part-time students
In 2021, 1,021 of the 2,345 undergrads enrolled received financial aid. Furman University meets 83.08% of the demonstrated financial need for undergraduates.
The average financial aid package for a full-time, first-year student is around $45,235 a year. Around 42.18% of Furman University undergrads take out student loans to cover any remaining costs. Furman University graduates who have student loans graduate with an average of $28,366 of student loan debt.
The average debt for each loan type varies.
Average Debt By Loan Type
Federal Loans $20,855
State Loans $0
Furman University-Specific Loans $0
Private Loans $37,877
Most Common Loans for Furman University Students
Federal Loans 40.53%
Private loans 8.68%
Most students take out institutional or government loans, because they tend to have lower interest rates and more flexible repayment options than private loans. Loans from the federal government can be subsidized or unsubsidized. Subsidized loans do not accrue interest during school, while unsubsidized loans begin accruing interest at the time the loan is issued. If students do no qualify for enough federal loans to cover the cost of tuition, some take out private loans. Parents can also take out ParentPLUS loans, which are government loans for parents who are helping their children pay for college.
The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) helps colleges determine how much financial need students and their familes have, so they can offer a financial aid package that meets, or come close to meeting, their need. For more information on Furman University financial aid, keep reading, or visit their financial aid website.
Scholarships at Furman University
Some students may receive grants and scholarships to help pay for college. Unlike loans, scholarships and grants do not have to be paid back.
In 2021, Furman University awarded 1,021 need-based scholarships to students, giving away total of $31.6 million to help students with financial need cover the cost of school. An additional $26.31 million in merit-based scholarship money was awarded to students without demonstrated financial need.
Furman University Net Cost
The net price of college is the actual cost of attending a school for one year. Net cost is calculated by subtracting any scholarships, grants or other aid that does not need to be paid back from the total cost. Student loans are not part of the calculation, because they need to be repaid.
Now that we have a sense of the total estimated costs for Furman University students, we can subtract the average financial aid package to find the estimated net cost. Net cost can vary depending on a students' need and the financial aid award received.
When considering whether a school fits your budget, it is important to consider the estimated net cost, not just the sticker price of tuition. Often, schools with the highest tuition also offer the most generous aid packages, so estimate your net cost before eliminating a school because it does fit your budget.
The average amount of financial aid received by a full-time first year student with demonstrated need at Furman University was $45,235 in 2021. By substracting the average financial aid package from the estimated costs, we get a number that may make the cost of Furman University seem more manageable.
Estimated Net Cost for Full-Time Students
What will attending Furman University really cost you? The answer depends on several factors.
As of 2011, colleges are required to have a net price calculator on their website to help prospective students and their families get a better idea of the actual cost of attending that school, based on their financial situation. You can find the Furman University's net cost calculator on their website.
Furman University Tuition Payment Plans
Some students choose to use payment plans to make the cost of tuition fit more comfortably in their budget.
Furman University does not have guaranteed tuition.
A Prepaid Tuition Plan is not available for Furman University students.
Furman University offers an Installment Payment Plan, which allows students to pay tuition in a series of smaller chunks instead of one lump sum.
Furman University Tuition Waivers
Schools sometimes waiver tuition for certain groups, to make attending more affordable. Some schools offer tuition waivers for employees and their family members, underrepresented students, or military students. Even if you qualify for a waiver, students are usually responsible for housing, meal plans, and other expenses.
Furman University has some full or partial tuition waivers available for: - Employees or Children of Employees
Check the financial aid website for more information on payment plans and tuition waivers.
Learn More About Furman University
Choose one of the options below to find out more about about Furman University:
Visit the College Confidential forums to join the conversation about Furman University
Furman University Tuition & Fees
State Tuition
Total (Before Financial Aid):
Furman University Financial Aid
Students Who Receive Need-Based Aid
Average Financial Aid Package
Need Advice or Have a Question About Furman University?


text:
package serviceImpl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import pojo.Warehouse;
import service.WarehouseService;

public class WarehouseServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<Warehouse> implements
		WarehouseService {
	@Transactional(readOnly=true)
	public Warehouse finybyName(String wname) throws RuntimeException{
		Warehouse warehouse = null;
		String hql = "FROM Warehouse as w WHERE w.wname = ? AND w.status = 1";
		List<Warehouse> warehouses = this.findByHQL(hql, wname);
		if(warehouses.size()>0){
			warehouse = warehouses.get(0);
		}
		return warehouse;
	}
	@Transactional(readOnly=true)
	public List<Warehouse> findByKeyword(String keyword) throws RuntimeException{
		List<Warehouse> warehouses = null;
		String hql = "FROM Warehouse as w WHERE (w.wname LIKE ? OR w.wadmin LIKE ?) AND w.status = 1";
		warehouses = this.findByHQL(hql, "%"+keyword+"%","%"+keyword+"%");
		return warehouses;
	}

}


I'd like to know if it's possible to edit a gtfs feed and then rerun analysis (e.g., service area polygons, travel time statistics) without reconfiguring the whole ND.
For example, I've created a gtfs feed and ND from scratch that is working well, but I'd like to add weekend service to some routes (same schedule as weekday).
It's straightforward to just update the trips.txt file from mtwtf to mtwtfss, but I'm not sure how I would go about editing the GTFS.sql file so that I can avoid the process of creating iterative versions of my ND starting from the script 1) Generate Transit Lines and Stops and a SQL database. Is it something I can do in ArcCatalog?
Unfortunately, no, you have to re-create your network dataset from scratch. It would be pretty difficult to edit the GTFS.sql file reliably, and I wouldn't recommend that you try.
If you have ArcMap 10.6 or higher, you can use the Create Template From Network Dataset and Create Network Dataset From Template tools to make an xml template from your existing network dataset, and then use that template to create a new network with all the same settings. This is much easier than going through the network dataset creation wizard manually.
Once you have created your new network with the weekend service turned on, you could actually turn it off again without re-creating the network. You can configure parameters on your transit travel time impedance attribute which can exclude specific trips or routes from the analysis. So, you could put in your weekend trips in that parameter, and they would be ignored for the analysis at solve time. The user's guide describes how to do this.
That makes sense - thanks again, Melinda!


text:
Q: What would be the worst case for this algorithm I was unsure what would be the worst case running time for this algorithm considering comparisons of values and assignments to variables would it be having max at n-1 element in the val array and min at n-2 element and having the array sorted in ascending order from element 0 to n-3?
This is the algoritm:
int max= -1; int min = 10000;
int [] val = {SOME_VALUES_FROM_0_TO_9999};
for (int i=0; i<val.length; i++)
 if (val[i]>max) max = val[i];
for (int i=0; i<val.length; i++)
 if (val[i]<min) min = val[i];

A: You are right with your idea that the order of the elements in $val$ effects the total running time costs of your program. However, it has no effect on its asymptotic running time complexity in terms of Big-O analysis.
For the sake of simplicity let us introduce something what we will call time unit.
Accessing an element in an array via index $i$ takes one time unit. Doing a single comparision (like $x < y$ or $x > y$) takes one time unit. An assignment statement (like $a=b$) takes one time unit. Adding two values ($a+b$) takes one time unit.
Now, let us proceed with analyzing the provided program step by step. The first two statements take two time units as they are simple assignments. Now, in the first for-loop we do a single assignment at the very beginning (int $i=0$) which takes one time unit. At each iteration we do one comparision and accessing one value (the length of the array) $i < val.length$ which together takes two time units (of course modern compilers will optimize this, but we do not care at the moment). Then we increment $i$, which is actually the same as $i = i + 1$, thus we add two values and assign them back to $i$. Together this takes two time units. So all in all for each iteration we need four time units.
The body of our loop does a comparision by accessing the value in $val$ at index $i$ and comparing it to the value stored in $max$. Thus, for each iteration we need two time units. Now, here comes the "tricky" part. How often do we enter the if-statement? Assuming the worst case, then $val$ is ordered in ascending order, hence we enter the statement in the first loop at each iteration. Hence, we need four time units for each iteration (two for the comparision, one for the assignment of $max$ and one for accessing the $i$th element of $val$ again). And this is set regardless what values are in $val$ (sorted integers in ascending order of course).
Now, consider that our array contains $n$ values. Then, we perform our loop $n$-times. Combining the time units, which we have examined above, yields to $2+1+n(2+2+2+2)=8n+3$.
Now, the second loop. Since $val$ only contains values in the range $[0 \cdots 9999]$ and $min=10000$ and our list $val$ is ordered in ascending order, we do exactly one assignment (and one array accesss) inside the second if-statement. So, instead of performing this $n$ times (as in the first loop), we only do this a single time. Hence our second loops takes $2 + n (2+2+2)=6n+2$.
We have a total cost of $8n+3+6n+2=14n+5$. However, in terms of Big-O analysis we of course have $14n+5 \in O(n)$.
Edit: Notice, that having alternating values (as you have suggested) does not effect this running time. Assume that $val$ is not ascending (meaning that it does not hold that $val[i] < val[i+1]$, then the $i+1$ time the first if-statement of the first loop will not be entered (because of the first assignment). Then, the second loop could be entered at $i+1$ instead. However, this would just sum up to the same running time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A really good children's walking boot, keeping their feet dry and comfortable when venturing outdoors.
The Regatta Holcombe Mid Jnr Walking Boot is ideal for young adventurers, whether out for a family hiking or out on a school expedition.
It provides good stability, having soft padding around the whole ankle, a comfortable EVA footbed, and internal EVA shock pads for added cushioning.
Sealed seams and an Isotex internal waterproof membrane bootie liner ensure their feet will remain dry, while the outer Hydropel technology actively works to repel water as it hits the surface of the boot.


Lou Valdin works with his Hahnville players at practice during his head coaching tenure.
Lou Valdin may not have been patrolling the sideline on Friday nights for the past few seasons, but the game of football never left his blood.
The former longtime head coach of the Hahnville Tigers recently accepted an assistant coaching position with his alma mater Archbishop Shaw, where he'll join the Eagles as linebackers coach.
After taking the program's helm in 1999, Valdin spent 15 years as Hahnville's head coach, going 132-48 over a tenure highlighted by his 2003 state championship squad. He led the Tigers to seven district championships and 14 consecutive playoff appearances over that time, before he stepped down in 2013. He did so as the program's all-time leader in coaching victories.
He hasn't strayed too far away from the game he loves, though. He's been a mainstay on WWL radio's Friday night prep football coverage as an analyst. He has also served as a Master Trainer for USA Football's Heads Up program, which is aimed at making football safer at the youth and high school levels.
Now, he returns to Shaw, where he graduated and where he was was the defensive coordinator of the Eagles' 1987 state championship team under head coach Hank Tierney.
That '87 championship game was the last game, in fact, Valdin coached as part of the program before leaving to explore his head coaching aspirations.
He said he's had an eye on a return to coaching for awhile, but wanted to accrue the remaining years he needed within the St. Charles Parish system to retire.
"I started looking around at that point, but I'll tell you, I really didn't have to look that far," Valdin said, noting he reached out to Shaw principal George Hebert, a Shaw Class of 1985 alum whom Valdin coached, to express his interest.
Another reason he felt drawn to Shaw was simply that he feels the program's future is very bright under head coach Tommy Connors, 29, who was named Shaw head coach in 2017. While the program is in the midst of rebuilding, he said he believes it's moving in the right direction under Connors and an administration that's shown commitment to winning.
He also quipped that he's "the one old guy" on the staff.
He does get reminded of his age from time to time by the players.
But if he's an old dog, he acknowledges he has to learn a few relatively new tricks — and he's willing to. Shaw plays more zone defense than he was accustomed to in his years at Hahnville, and he says football has changed plenty over the relatively short four-year window he's been away.
And after observing it all from the outside for four years, he's thrilled to be back in the middle of the action.
Lou Valdin after earning his 100th head coaching victory.


text:
package com.vitco.app.core;

import com.vitco.app.core.data.container.VOXELMODE;
import com.vitco.app.core.data.notification.DataChangeAdapter;
import com.vitco.app.core.modes.AbstractAdapter;
import com.vitco.app.core.modes.AnimationAdapter;
import com.vitco.app.core.modes.VoxelAdapter;
import com.vitco.app.core.modes.tools.*;
import com.vitco.app.manager.pref.PrefChangeListener;
import com.vitco.app.settings.VitcoSettings;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * Defines general (common) interactions available for this engine view and sets them up.
 */
public abstract class EngineInteractionPrototype extends EngineViewPrototype {

    // constructor
    protected EngineInteractionPrototype(Integer side) {
        super(side);
    }

    // list of tool mappings
    private final HashMap<VOXELMODE, AbstractTool> toolMapping = new HashMap<VOXELMODE, AbstractTool>();

    // current mode
    protected VOXELMODE voxelMode = VitcoSettings.INITIAL_VOXEL_MODE;

    // ===============================
    // Animation
    // ===============================

    // animation adapter
    protected final AnimationAdapter animationAdapter = new AnimationAdapter(container);

    // ===============================
    // Voxel
    // ===============================

    // voxel draw adapter for main view
    protected final VoxelAdapter voxelAdapter = new VoxelAdapter(container);

    private static boolean initialized = false;

    @PostConstruct
    protected final void init() {

        if (!initialized) {
            initialized = true;
            // register shortcuts for shifting the selection
            actionManager.registerAction("shift_selected_voxels_up", new AbstractAction() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (data.anyVoxelSelected()) {
                        int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                        data.setVoxelSelectionShift(shift[0], shift[1]+1, shift[2]);
                    }
                }
            });
            // register shortcuts for shifting the selection
            actionManager.registerAction("shift_selected_voxels_down", new AbstractAction() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (data.anyVoxelSelected()) {
                        int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                        data.setVoxelSelectionShift(shift[0], shift[1] - 1, shift[2]);
                    }
                }
            });

            // register shortcuts for shifting the selection
            actionManager.registerAction("shift_selected_voxels_left", new AbstractAction() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (data.anyVoxelSelected()) {
                        int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                        data.setVoxelSelectionShift(shift[0], shift[1], shift[2] - 1);
                    }
                }
            });
            // register shortcuts for shifting the selection
            actionManager.registerAction("shift_selected_voxels_right", new AbstractAction() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (data.anyVoxelSelected()) {
                        int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                        data.setVoxelSelectionShift(shift[0], shift[1], shift[2] + 1);
                    }
                }
            });

            // register shortcuts for shifting the selection
            actionManager.registerAction("shift_selected_voxels_out", new AbstractAction() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (data.anyVoxelSelected()) {
                        int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                        data.setVoxelSelectionShift(shift[0] + 1, shift[1], shift[2]);
                    }
                }
            });
            // register shortcuts for shifting the selection
            actionManager.registerAction("shift_selected_voxels_in", new AbstractAction() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (data.anyVoxelSelected()) {
                        int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                        data.setVoxelSelectionShift(shift[0] - 1, shift[1], shift[2]);
                    }
                }
            });

            // set the voxel snap preference (if not set)
            if (!preferences.contains("voxel_snap_enabled")) {
                preferences.storeBoolean("voxel_snap_enabled", VitcoSettings.INITIAL_ANIMATION_VOXEL_SNAP);
            }

            // initialize the data mapping for all adapters
            AbstractAdapter.setAsyncActionManager(asyncActionManager);

            // initialize the data mapping for all tools
            AbstractTool.setData(data);
            AbstractTool.setPreferences(preferences);
            AbstractTool.setAsyncActionManager(asyncActionManager);
            AbstractTool.setActionManager(actionManager);
            AbstractTool.setLangSelector(langSelector);
        }

        // initialize the tool mapping
        ViewTool viewTool = new ViewTool(container, side);
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.VIEW, viewTool);
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.DRAW, new DrawTool(container, side));
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.ERASE, new EraseTool(container, side));
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.PICKER, new PickerTool(container, side));
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.COLORCHANGER, new ColorChangerTool(container, side));
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.FLOODFILL, new FloodFillTool(container, side));
        toolMapping.put(VOXELMODE.SELECT, new SelectTool(container, side));
        // make sure the missing modes have the view tool assigned
        for (VOXELMODE mode : VOXELMODE.values()) {
            if (!toolMapping.containsKey(mode)) {
                System.err.println("Tool \"" + mode + "\" uses the default functionality.");
                toolMapping.put(mode, viewTool);
            }
        }
        // set the default mode
        voxelAdapter.setTool(toolMapping.get(voxelMode));

        // set the default animation tool
        animationAdapter.setTool(new PointTool(container, side));

        // what to do when data changes
        DataChangeAdapter dca = new DataChangeAdapter() {

            @Override
            public void onAnimationDataChanged() {
                container.refresh2DIndex();
                container.skipNextWorldRender(); // no need to re-render scene
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onAnimationSelectionChanged() {
                container.skipNextWorldRender(); // no need to re-render scene
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onVoxelDataChanged() {
                // reset shift of voxels selection
                data.setVoxelSelectionShift(0,0,0);
                invalidateVoxels();
                container.doNotSkipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onVoxelHighlightingChanged() {
                container.updateHighlightedVoxel();
                container.skipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onVoxelSelectionShiftChanged() {
                int[] shift = data.getVoxelSelectionShift();
                selectedVoxelsWorld.setShift(shift);
                container.doNotSkipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onTextureDataChanged() {
                invalidateVoxels();
                container.doNotSkipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onOutlineBoxesChanged() {
                container.updateOutlineBoxes();
                container.skipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

            @Override
            public void onSelectionRectChanged() {
                container.updateSelectedRect();
                container.skipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

        };
        data.addDataChangeListener(dca);

        // logic to switch between voxel and animation modification tools
        preferences.addPrefChangeListener("is_animation_mode_active", new PrefChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPrefChange(Object newValue) {
                boolean isAnimate = (Boolean)newValue;
                if (isAnimate) {
                    data.removeVoxelHighlights();
                    removeAll();
                    container.addMouseMotionListener(animationAdapter);
                    container.addMouseListener(animationAdapter);
                    animationAdapter.activate();
                } else {
                    data.removeAnimationHighlights();
                    removeAll();
                    container.addMouseMotionListener(voxelAdapter);
                    container.addMouseListener(voxelAdapter);
                    voxelAdapter.activate();
                }
                container.setDrawAnimationOverlay(isAnimate);
                container.setDrawSelectedVoxels(!isAnimate);
                // was added since there were some problems with selecting/deselecting in the side view
                container.doNotSkipNextWorldRender();
                forceRepaint();
            }

            private void removeAll() {
                // just to be sure there are no listeners left
                voxelAdapter.deactivate();
                container.removeMouseMotionListener(voxelAdapter);
                container.removeMouseListener(voxelAdapter);
                animationAdapter.deactivate();
                container.removeMouseMotionListener(animationAdapter);
                container.removeMouseListener(animationAdapter);
            }
        });
        // initialize listener adapter
        if (!preferences.contains("is_animation_mode_active")) {
            preferences.storeObject("is_animation_mode_active", VitcoSettings.INITIAL_MODE_IS_ANIMATION);
        }

        // register change of voxel mode
        preferences.addPrefChangeListener("active_voxel_submode", new PrefChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPrefChange(Object newValue) {
                voxelMode = (VOXELMODE) newValue;
                voxelAdapter.setTool(toolMapping.get(voxelMode));
                forceRepaint();
            }
        });

    }
}


What is parallel animation in map?
Parallel animation enables simultaneous animation of two or more locations.
Step 1:	Select maps from infographics.
Step 2:	Go to Map data and enable the Parallel mode switch.
If you want a sequential animation, you need to disable parallel mode.
Case 2 : Sequential animation.


text:
DOMES, circular vaulted roofs or ceilings. The variety of forms and decoration of Persian domes is unrivaled.
The Sasanian and early Islamic periods. The dome on squinches first appeared in Persia in the Sasanian period in the palace at Fīrūzābād in Fārs and at nearby Qalʿa-ye Doḵtar, both erected by Ardašir (224-40) in the early 3rd century. Although the dome chambers at these sites are impressive in size, their conical squinches (arches across the corners of a cube, forming a zone of transition) are crude in design and execution (Plate XXXII). The rubble masonry was so haphazardly applied that it is difficult to distinguish the outer edges of the squinches from the corbeled walls between them. The extreme thickness of the walls in proportion to the height of the dome is another indication that these chambers stood at the beginning of the series. There is no evidence of precursors. Roman domes on circular bases or smaller domes on pendentives obviously sprang from a different tradition (Ward-Perkins, p. 338). Evidence for the simpler pitched-brick dome exists from as early as the 3rd millenium B.C.E. in Mesopotamia (Reuther, p. 501; see ČAHĀRṬĀQ i), but the absence of any known intermediaries between them and the Fīrūzābād domes, even from the Parthian period, attests to the originality of the Sasanian examples.
The most numerous surviving Sasanian domes are those over čahārṭāqs, frequently the central chambers of fire temples. It is in the large dome of the structure variously identified as a palace and a fire temple at Sarvestān in Fārs that two constant features of later dome design first become apparent: the use of lighter materials, in this instance brick, for the dome itself and decorative emphasis on the zone of transition, which at Sarvestān is carefully set off by dogtooth moldings above and below and lightened by four windows between the squinches. The squinches are also more clearly articulated, each consisting of intersecting segments of two tunnel vaults (Bier, figs. 24-28). These features are, however, consistent with an early Islamic rather than a late Sasanian date for Sarvestān, a possibility also mooted for several čahārṭāqs.
The survival of the dome on squinches in the Islamic period may have been encouraged by the transformation of several čahārṭāqs into mosques, documented in a few instances (see ČAHĀRṬĀQ ii; EIr. V, Addenda and Corrigenda). The building of isolated dome chambers to serve as mosques ("kiosk mosques") may have followed, though the evidence comes not from the usually cited congregational mosques of major cities but from a few, mostly Saljuq examples in small villages in Khorasan.
It was the appearance of the domed mausoleum that was to prove most important for the development of the dome in early Islamic Persia. Despite initial Islamic hostility to tomb structures, by the 10th century several had probably been built by the ʿAbbasid caliphs for themselves (Allen). Domed tombs had also been erected over the graves of many Shiʿite martyrs (Blair, 1983, pp. 83-84), and the respect paid to them by pilgrims may well have hastened the spread of the form. Two early mausoleums in Transoxania stand out: that of the Samanids in Bukhara (before 331/943) and the ʿArab Atā at Tīm (possibly 367/977-78), between Bukhara and Samarqand. In the zone of transition in the former the squinches are of the same width as the arches between them, resulting in a regular octagonal plan at this level; this scheme was followed in virtually all later examples. At Tīm the zone of transition is further unified by trilobed squinches composed of large moqarnas (oversailing courses of niche sections) separated by trilobed arches. This mausoleum is also the earliest extant to incorporate a pīšṭāq (an arched portal projecting vertically or horizontally from a facade), a feature that also became usual in domed-square mausoleums but that, even at this early stage, often made its impact at the expense of the dome.
Tomb towers represent another tradition in Persian mausoleums; many survive from the beginning of the 11th century onward. They are circular or polygonal in plan, thus reducing the importance of the zone of transition, and they frequently have conical roofs masking interior domes. Although the domes of the earliest tomb towers are plain, the shafts often display the inventive decorative brickwork of the period, as at the Pīr-e ʿĀlamdār (417/1026-27) and Čehel Doḵtarān (446/1054-55) at Dāmḡān. Two other notable examples are at Ḵarraqān on the Qazvīn-Hamadān road 33 km west of Āb-e Garm (460/1067 and 486/1093); the earlier had the first masonry double dome known from Persia.
The Saljuq period. The introduction by the Saljuqs of a maqṣūra (enclosure) in front of the mihrab of the hypostyle mosque helped to transform the skylines, characteristically punctuated with domes, of Persian towns. Although in the early Islamic period dome chambers may have been used for small neighborhood mosques, it was only after the vizier Neẓām-al-Molk introduced the domed maqṣūra (ca 479-80/1086-87) in the congregational mosque at Isfahan that dome chambers on the qebla become the norm in Persian congregational mosques. It was the largest masonry dome in the Islamic world in its time and embodied a new form of squinch, in which a barrel vault above two smaller quarter domes was substituted for the weaker central unit of the squinch at ʿArab Atā. The classic status of this squinch form is clear from numerous copies, not only in the Isfahan oasis (Barsīān, Ardestān, Zavāra), but also in Khorasan (Rebāṭ-e Šaraf) and Transoxania (Yarty [Yortī] Gonbad; Karriev et al., pp. 88-89). At the Isfahan mosque Neẓām-al-Molk's rival Tāj-al-Molk built a second dome chamber (481/1088) on the axis opposite the southern chamber, for purposes that are still unclear (see Blair, 1992, pp. 166-67). It is justly famous as the cynosure of Saljuq domes (Pope). The emphasis on verticality and on lightening the walls of the lower square became typical of Il-khanid dome chambers. The interior of the dome of Tāj-al-Molk is patterned with interlacing ribs that form pentagons and five-pointed stars, among other geometric figures. This arrangement represents a considerable technical advance over the eight ribs in the southern dome and could well have inspired subsequent designers of patterns for this hitherto neglected surface. The much smaller domes over the bays of the hypostyle portion of the Isfahan mosque also display a wealth of geometric ornamentation (Galdieri, I, pls. 60-62).
The numerous Saljuq dome chambers of northwestern Persia usually have much simpler zones of transition than those at Isfahan but, perhaps in compensation, are abundantly decorated with carved stucco and are also sometimes articulated on the exterior (Hillenbrand, 1976). This concern is most apparent in the largest Saljuq domed chamber, the tomb of Sultan Sanjar at Marv. Although the dome is decorated on the interior with a system of intersecting ribs, the squinches and lower walls are plain. The exterior zone of transition received the greatest emphasis, with the squinches disguised by alternating large and small arches, echoed by smaller superposed arches at the base of the double-shelled dome. Stucco work on the soffits of the main arcade, probably by the same artisans who had earlier worked at Rebāṭ-e Šaraf (cf. Cohn-Wiener, pl. VIII; Hill and Grabar, fig. 546), underlines the new importance of this zone.
The Il-khanid period. The dome chamber of the congregational mosque in Varāmīn provides an example of changes in Persian domes in the Il-khanid period. Its taller proportions result primarily from the increased height of the zone of transition, with the addition of a sixteen-sided zone above the main zone of moqarnas squinches. Extra light enters through eight windows in this upper tier, although, as the Persian climate necessitated avoidance of sunlight during most of the year, architects of Persian dome chambers never aspired to the walls of light that characterized Ottoman examples.
The major Il-khanid domes were those of the mausoleums of Ḡāzān Khan at Tabrīz and Öljeitü (Ūljāytū) at Solṭānīya, each at the center of a larger complex of buildings. Ḡāzān's mausoleum was twelve-sided; although it is no longer extant, its magnificence may be judged by that of ÖÚljeitü, which was built to rival it. The dome of Öljeitü's mausoleum is 50 m high and nearly 25 m in diameter, dimensions unsurpassed in later Persian examples. The decoration of tile, stucco, and painting (the last forming part of a remodeling of the interior; Blair, 1987) is the finest surviving from the period. The thin double-shelled dome was reinforced by arches between the shells. Galleries on the upper part of the octagonal exterior differ from earlier arcades in that they were easily accessible. They were the first in a series that can be traced through Timurid and Shaybanid examples to a culmination at the Taj Mahal in Agra.
In the Il-khanid period tomb towers mirroring the splendors of Öljeitü's mausoleum proliferated. Several have moqarnas domes. This feature was found in brick at the Saljuq congregational mosque at Sīn, and an example covered with painted plaster in the congregational mosque at Nāʾīn may date from as early as the 10th century (Hillenbrand, 1987, fig. 11). In Il-khanid examples they usually consist of plaster shells masking the underlying structures. The finest example is probably that at the tomb of ʿAbd-al-Ṣamad in Naṭanz. The form may have been adopted from the tomb of Shaikh Sohravardī, founder of the order to which ʿAbd-al-Ṣamad belonged, near Baghdad (Blair, 1986). In the Mesopotamian examples (that of Imam Dūr at Samarra, 478/1085-86, is the earliest) the moqarnas are frequently expressed on the exterior as well. This form is occasionally found in Persia, for example, at the emāmzāda of Mīr Moḥammad on Ḵarg island, dated 738/1337 (Watson, p. 187). A plaster slab discovered at Taḵt-e Solaymān in Kordestān is incised with a plan of the moqarnas vaulting for a room restored by Abaqa Khan (671-74/1271-74; Harb).
The dome over the chamber adjoining the Do Manār Dardašt in Isfahan marks a major advance in dome design. If contemporary with the gravestone of Solṭān-Baḵt Āqā inside (753/1351-52; Honarfar, Eṣfahān, p. 317), it is the earliest known example of a double dome in which the inner and outer shells have substantially different profiles. It has been claimed that the dome of the Solṭānīya complex in Cairo (probably built by Sultan Ḥasan, ca. 1356-60) was the origin of this form, which then spread to Persia (Meinecke, p. 175), but the interior buttressing at the Solṭānīya complex betrays the influence of a brick tradition, suggesting a Persian origin. The trend toward taller drums continued in the Timurid period, finally reaching the inordinate proportions of the ʿEšrat-ḵāna in Samarqand (ca. 869/1464). One factor responsible was the increasing height of pīšṭāqs, which at the boqʿa (shrine) of Zayn-al-Dīn Ḵᵛāfī at Tāybād (848/1444-45) led the architect to abandon the outer shell of the dome altogether (Plate XXXIII). Where the drum was retained, however, it usually rose straight from a lower square, resulting in the loss of an external zone of transition.
There were two divergent trends in the interior decoration of domed chambers from the Saljuq period onward. The most prominent was the substitution of plain or painted plaster for brick. The other was increased use of tilework. A spectacular early example of nearly complete tile revetment is the dome chamber of the congregational mosque at Yazd (765/1364; Plate XXXIV). The same craftsman's signature appears in the dome of this monument and in the congregational mosque at Sāva (O'Kane, 1984, p. 84). The interiors of several of the mausoleums in the Šāh-e Zenda in Samarqand (e.g., that of Šād-e Molk, 773/1371) are totally reveted in tilework.
In the 15th-17th centuries. After the turn of the 15th century the Timurids built very few freestanding mausoleums, attaching them instead to madrasas (religious schools), often in pairs. The dome chambers erected within these madrasas revolutionized the design of interiors, as in the madrasa of Gowhar Šād at Herat (820-36/1417-33) and the madrasa at Ḵargerd (ca. 840-46/1436-43; O'Kane, 1987, nos. 14, 22). This change probably originated in 14th-century experiments with small lantern domes set at right angles to the main transverse vaults, from which arose the concept of using intersecting arches to support a dome with a diameter smaller than the width of the square below. The chamber was also modified, with a deep recess added to each side to produce a cruciform plan. The result was a much more fluid space than had been possible with the rigid tripartite division of lower square, zone of transition, and dome. In particular, the intersecting arches provide a visual link between the dome and the dado level, an illusion, as the thrusts are taken up by concealed masonry (O'Kane, 1987, pp. 108-09). In the madrasa of Gowhar Šād the dome is actually a triple shell, the first of its kind; the intermediate dome presumably was added for reinforcement.
The tilework of the Qara Qoyunlū Moẓaffarīya mosque (also known as the Blue Mosque, 870/1465) at Tabrīz is outstanding. Above a marble dado the whole of the interior of the dome chamber on the qebla was faced with dark-blue hexagonal tiles with stenciled gilding, creating a richness that was unparalleled until construction of the mosque of Shaikh Loṭf-Allāh in Isfahan (1012-28/1603-18), the quintessential Persian dome chamber. In the latter the blending of the square, zone of transition, and dome was achieved by unifying the first two, rather than the upper two, as in the Timurid examples with intersecting arches. The form of the squinches is plain, recalling those of Sarvestān and the Saljuq domes of northwestern Persia, but the way in which the framing arches and the enclosed tilework patterns continue in an uninterrupted sweep down to dado level was an innovation. The four identical arches between the squinches are edged by a bold twisted turquoise cable, lending the interior a new unity and simplicity. The exterior of the dome displays another innovation, the use of multiple levels of arabesque, interwoven with the brick ground with such finesse that it has often been mistakenly presumed that the ground, too, was glazed. The domes of the 17th-century Masjed-e Šāh and Mādar-e Šāh madrasa in Isfahan show how effective a similar arabesque pattern can be against a light-blue tiled ground.
In Transoxania and neighboring regions the Uzbeks carried on the Timurid tradition of dome building with little change, though dome chambers were sometimes surrounded with axial ayvāns and corner rooms, as in the ḵānaqāh (Sufi monastery) of Qāsem Shaikh in Kermān (Golombek, fig. 16). Where these corner rooms are part of an octagonal plan and on two stories, as in the shrine of Ḵᵛāja Pārsā at Balḵ (ca. 1598), the form was a prototype for the major Indian mausoleums of Persian inspiration, that of Homāyūn in Delhi and the Taj Mahal. The domed tīmčas (markets) that survive at major intersections in Shaybanid Bukhara (McChesney) are among the earliest survivors of the type.
In the 19th and 20th centuries. In the Qajar period the major architectural focus was the ayvān, leading to comparative neglect of the dome, even when it was on the qebla axis (as at the Solṭānī mosque in Semnān, 1242/1826-27, and the Sepahsalār madrasa in Tehran, 1296/1878-79). The "onion dome," with an exaggerated swelling above a short drum, first appeared in Persia in this period (e.g., at Šāh Čerāḡ in Shiraz, 1269/1852-53), but it is difficult to view the resulting top-heavy appearance as other than an aesthetic step backward. More impressive are the Qajar tīmcās at Qom (Plate XXXV) and Kāšān, each of which features a sea of stalactites supporting a central dome flanked by two smaller ones (Ministry, pp. 218-19, 228-33).
In the 20th century the dome has declined further in importance, especially since reinforced steel has usurped its role as a substitute for wooden beams. It has remained central in mausoleums, however, perhaps echoing an original paradise symbolism (Daneshvari), as at the 20th-century tombs of Ḥāfeẓ and Saʿdī in Shiraz and those of Reżā Shah in Ray (now destroyed) and Ruhollah Khomeini (Rūḥ-Allāh Ḵomeynī) in Tehran.
In vernacular architecture. Throughout Persian history the dome also played an important role in vernacular architecture. On many parts of the Persian plateau where wood is scarce whole villages with domed roofs are to be observed (Beazley, fig. 1). From Sasanian to Qajar times caravansaries were frequently constructed with the domed bay as the module. Domed cisterns (āb-anbār; Plate XXXVI) and icehouses (yakčāls), still common sights in the Persian countryside (Beazley), are other reminders of the variety, pervasiveness, and permanence of the dome in Persian history.
T. Allen, "The Tombs of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphs in Baghdād," BSO(A)S 46, 1983, pp. 421-31.
E. Beazley, "Some Vernacular Buildings of the Plateau," in R. W. Ferrier, ed., The Arts of Persia, London, 1989, pp. 109-17.
L. Bier, Sarvistan. A Study in Early Iranian Architecture, University Park, Pa., 1986.
S. Blair, "The Octagonal Pavilion at Natanz. A Reexamination of Early Islamic Architecture in Iran," Muqarnas 1, 1983, pp. 69-94.
Idem, The Ilkhanid Shrine Complex at Natanz, Iran, Cambridge, Mass., 1986.
Idem, "The Epigraphic Program of the Tomb of Uljaytu at Sultaniyya. Meaning in Mongol Architecture," Islamic Art 2, 1987, pp. 43-96.
Idem, The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana, Leiden, 1992. E. Cohn-Wiener, Turan, Berlin, 1930.
A. Daneshvari, Medieval Tomb Towers of Iran. An Iconographical Study, Lexington, Ky., 1986. E. Galdieri, Esfahān. Masğid-i Ğumʿa, 3 vols., Rome, 1972-84.
A. Godard, "Les coupoles," Āthār-éĪrān 4, 1949, pp. 259-325.
L. Golombek, "From Tamberlane to the Taj Mahal," in A. Daneshvari, ed., Essays in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honor of Katharina Otto-Dorn, Malibu, Calif., 1981, pp. 43-50.
U. Harb, Ilkhanidische Stalaktitengewölbe, AMI, Ergänzungsbd. 4, Berlin, 1978.
D. Hill and O. Grabar, Islamic Architecture and Its Decoration, London, 1967.
R. Hillenbrand, "Saljūq Dome Chambers in North-West Iran," Iran 14, 1976, pp. 93-102.
Idem, "ʿAbbāsid Mosques in Iran," Rivista degli Studi Orientali 59, 1985, pp. 175-212.
A. K. Karriev et al., Pamyatniki arkhitektury Turk-menistana (Architectural monuments of Turk-menistan), Leningrad, 1974.
R. D. McChesney, "Economic and Social Aspects of the Public Architecture of Bukhara in the 1560's and 1570's," Islamic Art 2, 1987, pp. 217-42.
M. Meinecke, "Mamluk Architecture. Regional Architectural Traditions. Evolution and Interrelations," Damas-zener Mitteilungen 2, 1985, pp. 163-75.
Ministry of housing and development, Masterpieces of Iranian Architecture, n.p. (Tehran), n.d. (1970).
B. O'Kane, "Timurid Stucco Decoration," Annales Islamologiques 20, 1984, pp. 61-84.
Idem, Timurid Architecture in Khurasan, Costa Mesa, Calif., 1987.
A. U. Pope, "Notes on the Aesthetic Character of the North Dome of the Masjid-i Jāmiʿ of Iṣfahān," in Studies in Islamic Art and Architecture in Honour of K.A.C. Creswell, Cairo, 1965.
O. Reuther, "Sāsānian Architecture. A. History," in Survey of Persian Art I, pp. 493-578.
J. Sauvaget, "Observations sur quelques mosquées seldjoukides," Annales de l'Institut d'Études Orientales, Université d'Alger 4, 1938, pp. 81-120.
E. B. Smith, The Dome. A Study in the History of Ideas, Princeton, N.J., 1950.
D. Stronach and T. C. Young, "Three Octagonal Seljuq Tomb Towers from Iran," Iran 4, 1966, pp. 1-20.
J. B. Ward-Perkins, Roman Imperial Architecture, Harmondsworth, U.K., 1981.
O. Watson, Persian Lustre Ware, London, 1985.
D. Wilber, The Architecture of Islamic Iran. The Il Khanid Period, Princeton, N.J., 1955.
Plate XXII. Detail of dome chamber, palace of Ardašīr I, Fīrūzābād, 3rd century.
Plate XXIII. Exterior of the dome of the boqʿa of Zayn-al-Dīn Ḵᵛāfī, Tāybād, 848/1444-45, from the southwest.
Plate XXIV. Interior of dome faced with tiles, congregational mosque, Yazd, 765/1364.
Plate XXV. Domed carpet market (Tīm-e bozorg), Qom, 19th century.
Plate XXVI. Domed cistern with wind funnel (bādḡīr), at Bašnīḡān, near Yazd.
[Plate numbers in this entry have been corrected; the numbers given in the print edition's version of the entry are in error.]
(Bernard O'Kane)
0 COMMENTS on DOMES


Township 11S, Range 14E, Section 20.
Residential property owned by OLIVER CHERYL.
Residential property owned by GILCRIST VIRGINIA.
Residential property owned by KNABB PATRICK.
Residential property owned by PETERSON BOBBY MACK.
Residential property owned by HAWK KENNETH LANE.
Residential property owned by GERLACH CHRISTINE.
Residential property owned by LAMB FRANK.
Residential property owned by LISTON SADIE CECELIA.
Residential property owned by ALDERMAN TRACY L.
Residential property owned by HENLEY MARGIE H.
Residential property owned by BRACKEN NORMA LIFE EST.
Residential property owned by MORRIS RANDALL.
Residential property owned by VENABLE WANDA G.
Residential property owned by VENABLE TONYA.
Residential property owned by PLEMMONS PATRICK T JR.
Residential property owned by MCCRANEY BURTON DOUGLAS.
Residential property owned by GAMBLE JAMES A.
Residential property owned by WHITE DAVID.
Residential property owned by TRIBLEY JEFFERY.
Residential property owned by MCCRANEY JOYCE N.
Residential property owned by PETTY JOHN G.
Residential property owned by HAWLEY DAVID.
Residential property owned by REVELS MARY K.
Residential property owned by STONE COTY B.
Residential property owned by CDC CAPITAL INVESTMENTS TRS.
Residential property owned by KOONCE LINWOOD SR.
Residential property owned by FREITAS WAGNER.
Residential property owned by DONALDSON JOAN HILL.
Residential property owned by DUCK WANDA PETTY.
Residential property owned by KOONCE DEREK.
Residential property owned by BUDDY BOYS INVESTMENT, INC..
Residential property owned by GOINS JAMES L.
Residential property owned by MARSTON BURTON T.
Residential property owned by TEADT SALLY A.
Residential property owned by HUTCHINSON VALERIA ROSE.
Residential property owned by GAITHER CECIL M.
Residential property owned by ORKRASINSKI PATRICK E.
Residential property owned by ELLZEY MARY TREDWAY.
Residential property owned by HICKS DAVID E.
Residential property owned by MCINNIS STEVE.
Residential property owned by SIMMONS JOHN A CONT.
Residential property owned by LEARY JEREMIAH.
Residential property owned by TYLER DAVID J.
Residential property owned by SMITH MADELINE JEAN.
Residential property owned by GUARD GERALD R.
Residential property owned by CLARK MARILOU.
Residential property owned by FERRIER JOHN JAMES JR LIFE EST.
Residential property owned by STRANGE CHARLES E.
Residential property owned by GIOIELLI VINCENT IAN.
Residential property owned by HEDL JOHN F.
Residential property owned by CLINGER RANDY.
Residential property owned by BERG GEORGE SR.
Residential property owned by SKELLY JOHN R.
Residential property owned by MCCOOK JAMAICA LYNN.
Residential property owned by ANGLIN SUSAN H.
Residential property owned by MASLOWSKI PAUL.
Residential property owned by MCELROY MARIO.
Residential property owned by ELLIS SHANNON DAWN.
Residential property owned by CLARK SEVELLAR.
Residential property owned by WOODHAM JAMES F.
Residential property owned by BROOKS JOHN D.
Residential property owned by WOODHAM JAMES FRANKLIN.
Residential property owned by PINO RONALD J JR-CONT.
Residential property owned by WEBB ALAN E.
Residential property owned by CARUTHERS RICHARD M.
Residential property owned by DAVIS PAUL T CONT.
Residential property owned by ROBINSON CHARLES T JR.
Residential property owned by DEMOSS DAVID VAUGHN.
Residential property owned by SKINNER KEN.
Residential property owned by CASH RICHARD L.


text:
About Ronald N. Eller, Jr.
Ron Eller grew up in a working-class home, the son of a single-parent household in West Virginia. He married his childhood sweetheart and has been married for over 40 years. He and his wife, Dorie, have two sons. He and his family have been blessed to have lived the American Dream; the idea that anyone, through hard work, determination, and prayer can achieve their goals and dreams. Ron is committed to ensuring that every family has the opportunity to achieve the American Dream.
Ron is an American patriot with twenty years of active duty military service. He retired as a Captain. Ron's journey in public service started when he joined the Army as a "Combat Medic 91B." During his early military career, he has always sought out ways to go above and beyond what he was asked to do; having served in many leadership roles from a Squad Leader, to Platoon Sergeant and as a Medical Officer. Ron was selected as Soldier of Year for U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM), and Ft. Benning, GA. Ron was also selected as NCO of Year while stationed in Nuremberg, Germany and inducted into the SGT. Morales Club. In the late 80's Ron transitioned from the enlisted ranks as a Sergeant First Class to a Warrant Officer and then eventually becoming a Commissioned Officer.
After retiring from the military, Ron and his family moved to the southeast. Eventually moving to Mississippi, Ron was integral in establishing the cardiac surgery program in Vicksburg, as well as performing some of the first endoscopic vein harvesting procedures done in the state. Ron continues to work in cardiac and thoracic surgery in one of the premier surgical programs in the state, at St. Dominic's Hospital.
Ron also started his own business December 27, 2013, Buck Warrior Enterprises, LLC. As the founder and CEO of a manufacturing company starting from the ground up, Ron can appreciate the difficulties associated with business leadership. He believes we need more business opportunities in Mississippi with less government interference and red tape.
Ron feels he can not standby on the sidelines while career politicians seek to radically change the fabric of America with one-party rule. Hence, Ron feels called to continue to stand by the oath he took to support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies foreign and domestic. This is why he is running for Congress in the 2nd Congressional District of Mississippi.
Candidate 2nd Congressional District of Mississippi
Free Enterprise, Limited Government, Individual Liberties, National Defense, and Traditional Values.
Term Limits Psalms 109:8 May his days be few and may another leader take his place.
CEO, Buck Warrior Enterprises, LLC. 2013-Present
Cardiothoracic Physician Assistant / Perfusionist 2012-Present
St. Dominic Hospital 917 Lakeland Dr., Jackson, MS 39216
Cardiothoracic Physician Assistant 2014-2015
2500 North State St ., Jackson, MS 39216
Physician Assistant 2011
Indian Health System, (IHS) Emergency Dept., & Urgent Care Pine Ridge, SD 57770-1201 (Staff Care,
Inc. 5001 Statesman Dr., Irving TX 75063)
Cardiothoracic Physician Assistant / Perfusionist 2002-2010
River Region Health System Vicksburg, MS 39183
MacArthur Surgical Clinic Alexandria, LA 71301-3999
Cardiothoracic Physician Assistant / Perfusionist 1996-99
Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu, HI 96589-5001
Physician Assistant 1995-96
Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington, D.C. 20307-5001
Physician Assistant 1994-95 2/11th Field Artillery Bn. Schofield Barracks, HI
Waianae Coast Comprehensive Health Center (Emergency Dept., Urgent Care, & Occupational Med.)
1/14th Infantry Bn. Schofield Barracks, HI
Physician Assistant 1991-92 1/187th Infantry Bn. Ft. Campbell, KY
Physician Assistant Student 1989-91
Academy of Health Science Ft. Sam Houston, TX
Emergency Services Director/Clinic NCOIC 1988-89
Keller Army Hospital/Stewart Airfield West Point, NY
NCOIC Ambulance Section/Emergency Dept Tech/EMT 1987-88
Keller Army Hospital West Point, NY
Platoon Sergeant/Clinic NCOIC 1984-87
16th Engineer Bn. Nurnberg, Germany
Air Medical Aidman 1981-83
498th Air Ambulance Co. Ft. Benning, GA
Medical Aidman 1979-81
546th Med.Co.(Clr) Ft. Benning, GA
Master of Physician Assistant Studies Cardiovascular Surgery (GPA 4.0) 1997-98
University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Ne
Bachelor of Science Degree as a Physician Associate (W/DIST)
University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City, Ok 1989-91
Military Courses:
Medical Specialist MOS 91B 1979
Field Sanitation 1980
Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Warfare (HAZMAT) 1980
Primary Leadership Course 1981
EMT 1981& 87
Medical NCO Course MOS 91B30 1984
Warrant Officer Candidate Course 1989
AMEDD Officer Advance Course (Management/Leadership) 1990
Physician Assistant School (Ft. Sam Houston, TX) 1989-91
Combat Casualty Care Course (ATLS) 1992
Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant Basic Skills Course 1994
Medical Management of Chemical and Biological Casualty Care Course (HAZMAT) 1994
Residency Training in Cardiovascular Perfusion Technology at Walter Reed Army
Medical Center Washington, D.C. 1995-96
Selected as Soldier of the Year
Selected as Outstanding West Virginian by Governor John D. Rockefeller IV
Selected as Noncommissioned Officer of the Year
Selected as Drug and Alcohol Coordinator of the Year
Nominated into the Sergeant Morales Club
Former Director at Large for Mississippi Academy of Physician Assistants, (MAPA)
Competed in Archery (3D & Field) Mississippi State Games 2018, 2019, 2020, & 2021 winning four gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal
Retirement Lapel Button
Meritorious Service Medal
Army Commendation Medal (5th Award)
Army Achievement Medal (4th Award)
Army Good Conduct Medal (3rd Award)
National Defense Service Medal
Noncommissioned Officer's Professional Development Ribbon with numeral 2
Army Service Ribbon
Overseas Service Ribbon (3rd Award)
Multinational Forces Observers Medal
Aircraft Crewman Badge
Fellow Association of Physician Assistants in Cardiovascular Surgery FAPACVS
Fellow American Academy of Physician Assistants FAAPA
Fellow Mississippi Academy of Physician Assistants FMAPA
Fellow Society of Army Physician Assistants FSAPA
Fellow American Society of ExtraCorporeal Technology FAmSECT
Free Enterprise - Limited Government - Individual Liberties - National Defense - Traditional Values
(888) 355-3722 — 3 Mallard Crossing, Raymond, MS 39154 — [email protected]
Paid for by Ron Eller for Congress


text:
Q: How to avoid cursor use in dynamic sql update? So, I'm trying to rewrite some of the stored procedures we're using to use better set-based logic and reduce or eliminate the use of cursors due to performance issues.  However, I can't come up with a more efficient way to do the below without resorting to cursor use.
Presently, what i'm doing is basically selecting an initial result set into a temporary table that looks something like
INSERT INTO #tmptable
SELECT stuff.id
    ,stuff.datapoint
    ,stuff.database
    ,'' AS missingdata
FROM STUFF

Which usually returns anywhere from 250-500 rows of information.  The '' is a datapoint that lives in any one of several hundred other databases - the name of which is specified by stuff.database.  Despite there being hundreds of possible options, there's usually only three or four unique databases in each result set.  As a result, what I'm currently doing is:
DECLARE @dbname VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE a_cursor CURSOR LOCAL
FOR
SELECT DISTINCT database
FROM #tmptable

OPEN a_cursor

FETCH NEXT
FROM a_cursor
INTO @dbname

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    SET @SQL = 'UPDATE #tmptable
                SET missingdata = bin.dataaggregate
                FROM ((SELECT pd.id id
                ,STUFF((SELECT '','' + pdd.bin
                     FROM server.[' + @dbname + '].dbo.proddetails pdd
                     WHERE pdd.id= pd.id
                     GROUP BY pdd.id, pdd.bin
                     FOR XML PATH(''''), TYPE).value(''.'', ''VARCHAR(max)''), 1, 1, '''') dataaggregate
                FROM server.[' + @dbname + '].dbo.proddetails pd) bin
                INNER JOIN #tmptable tir ON tir.id= bin.id
EXEC sp_executesql @SQL

FETCH NEXT
FROM a_cursor
INTO @dbname
END

CLOSE a_cursor

DEALLOCATE a_cursor

Since there are usually only a handful of databases needed in each result set, the cursor has to loop only a handful of times and the performance hit isn't awful.  Still, I don't like using them and feel like there has to be a more efficient way to do this.  Any ideas?

A: Use this:
INSERT INTO #tmptable
SELECT stuff.id
    ,stuff.datapoint
    ,stuff.[database]
    ,'' AS missingdata
    ,row_number() over (order by stuff.id) as rn
FROM STUFF

declare @i int= 1;
declare @max int = (select max(rn) from #tmptable)
while @i <= @max
begin
    declare @dbname sysname
    select @dbname = [database] from #tmptable where rn = @i

    --exec your dynamic sql hear
    set @i +=1
end


text:
El Laberinto, 1971-1987
also President of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) of Johnson County. Besides her membership in the various organizations, Maria advocated many of the UI Special Support Services activities. "She had her energy that put us all to shame," said R. Rusty Barcelo, assistant dean of academic affairs for the UI. "She was one of the most unselfish persons I've ever met," she said. According to Barcelo, Maria gave numerous workshops on Hispanic rights and worked closely with migrant workers in the area. Maria's last honorary award before her death was one of recognition by the Iowa Human Rights Organization for her contributions in 1983. According to Barcelo, the scholarship fund is still in the growing process. The goal is $12,000 in order to distribute a $500 scholarship a year from just the interest. Barcelo hopes the committee will be able to award a $200 scholarship this spring with the seed money of $2000 that is in the fund. "The scholarship will be awarded to the student who is promoting Chicano/Latino cultural understanding through scholarly or extracurricular activity," said Barcelo. Maria was suffering from cancer and it was her final wish to return to her homeland in Mexico before she died. "Three weeks after she returned from Mexico, she passed away," said Barcelo. But Maria's dreams live on in all the human rights organizations in which she played such a vital role and still remains an inspiration in the hearts of many. If you wish to contribute to the Maria Cano Martinez Scholarship Fund, please make your donation payable to: The University of Iowa Foundation Maria Cano Martinez Scholarship Fund Alumni Center Iowa City, Iowa 52242 _______________________________ CIASU: YESTERDAY AND TODAY The history of CIASU is unique in itself. A group of about 10 students, back in 1970, organized the Chicano Indian American Student Union. The CIASU petitioned the University of Iowa in order to increase the percentage of Hispanics and Native Americans on campus. Included in this proposal was a request for a Chicano Indian American Cultural Center. Chicano and Native American students realized that a union was not enough and strongly believed that a cultural center was necessary. In order to provide an educational, academic, and a cultural atmosphere where they could gather in a formal and informal manner. This became a reality in 1972 when the University built the CIACC. The commitment by the University of Iowa to increase the percentage of Hispanic and Native American students also became a reality. In 1970 there were less than 12 students and today there are over 270 students. The numbers are deceiving, because this represents less than 1% of the total student population. Today the CIASU is trying to recruit more students to become involved in the planning of our programs. We strongly urge students to attend our activities, because this becomes very important when the CIASU goes to the Student Senate for funding. our meetings are held bi-weekly and are announced in the DI Postscripts. [[underline]]Upcoming Events[[end underline]] Hispanic Alumni Lecture Series: Guest speakers include Ben Pintor - a graduate from the UI in Accounting in 1975. He is a C.P.A. and has his own private practice in Chicago. Tony Zalava - One of the original founders of the CIASU, he presently works as a reporter for Chicago's only Spanish-language daily newspaper, El Manana. They will be addressing questions about their educational experiences at UI and talk about their line of work. We encourage all students to attend. This will take place in march and a flyer will be sent out to everyone on the exact date. People are needed for planning and publicity. If you are interested please contact Frank or Teresa at the Chicano Indian American Cultural Center, 353-4753. Legal Education Seminar: The Legal Education Seminar was given


All photos are courtesy of Eric Molimard.
Video courtesy of Miss Mullally's 5th class.
Happy Easter from all at Caragh NS.
Really enjoying the video from Miss Mulallys 5th class – a lovely interpretation of the Rising. Thanks for sharing it.


This minimalist case is precision crafted for your beloved iPhone.
Engineered specifically for iPhones for a perfect fit with pronounced covered buttons are easy to find, recognize, and press.
Open-design cut-out protects corners while providing access to speakers and bottom ports; fits larger 3rd party cables.


text:
Development of the regions of Lithuania >> Marijampolė county >> Kazlų Rūda municipality
Administrative centre – Kazlų Rūda
Area – 555 km² (12.4 % of the county's area)
Population – 14 497 (8 % of the county's population)
Wards – Antanavas, Jankai, Kazlų Rūda, Plutiškės
The major part of Kazlų Rūda municipality is located in the fertile Užnemunė Lowland. The municipality is among the most wooded ones in Lithuania. There is Kazlų Rūda landscape reserve. 59.4 % of the territory is covered by large Kazlų Rūda forests, while agricultural land makes up 30.2 %, roads – 1 %, built-up area – 3.3 %, water bodies – 2.1 %, other land – 4 % of the municipality.
The centre of the municipality – Kazlų Rūda, located by the Jūrė River. It is a distinctive town with deep-rooted traditions, which was first mentioned in 1737 as a Kazla tar distiller building (where 2 families lived). The said tar distiller was built as production of timber, required for the construction of buildings and ships, as well as wood products (tar, ash, coal) was increasing. It was around that time that iron ore was found in the marshes of the region. The family of Kazlas started establishing iron workshops (so-called rudnias); thus, foundry business started being cultivated alongside forestry business. The number of inhabitants of Kazlų Rūda village was constantly increasing, foundry business was developing. However, as a feeder of the railway line Petersburg–Warsaw from Lentvaris to Virbalis via Kaunas (in the direction of the border with Prussia) had been built in 1861–1862, the articles produced by the Kazlas were superseded by iron articles imported from Russia and Germany. After the feeder railway line Kazlų Rūda–Marijampolė–Šeštokai had been built in 1922–1923, Kazlų Rūda became a railway centre. In 1930, Kazlų Rūda district (valsčius) was established, with a centre in Kazlų Rūda. In 1950, it obtained city rights.
The main economic activities developed in Kazlų Rūda municipality are as follows: primary wood processing, manufacture of wooden articles, stoves and burners, food industry, wholesale and retail trade, services.
Whereas Kazlų Rūda municipality is among the most wooded ones, an active tourism infrastructure may be developed there. An unusual method of recreation – military tourism in Judrė Park (Kazlų Rūda forest) – should be mentioned; such activities are organised in order to allow people to try their strength in an extreme hike, with natural obstacles and a minimally reduced risk to health. The hikes take place in an astonishingly beautiful place – Kazlų Rūda forests.
Kazlų Rūda Forest Museum, opened in 1983 on initiative of Kazlų Rūda training forest district, invites visitors who want to familiarise themselves with forest flora and fauna; there are a lot of different exhibits, botanical and dendrological collections. The municipality is also famed for its folk artists and craftsmen; their plain-air sessions are often organised there. The wooden church of St Bishop Stanislaw in Višakis Rūda, built in 1883, is one of the most beautiful wooden sacred structures in Užnemunė region. In the old park of Antanavas village, the end of the 17th century is represented by a hexagonal chapel. There are a lot of small old cemeteries of historical value.