text:
Home>Products and Trends>Vitamins and Supplements
Gargi Talukder, PhD | Jan 31, 2003
The safety and efficacy of kava, ephedra, and St. John's wort have recently come under dispute. Do these popular herbs deserve the bad rap they get?
By Gargi Talukder, PhD
Seems like every time you pick up a newspaper or a magazine, you see another report on the dangers of using certain herbs. "Popular Herb May Severely Harm Liver" was a 2002 headline in the San Francisco Chronicle, referring to kava. "St. John's Wort Ineffective," wrote editors at the Washington Post in 2001. "Side Effects Raise Flag on Dangers of Ephedra" was the banner in the New York Times. Recent media attention has focused on research projects that highlight the dangerous side effects or ineffectiveness of these herbal supplements. But many researchers and medical professionals still believe these herbs, when used correctly, produce benefits with little risk of harm. We've taken a closer look at kava, ephedra, and St. John's wort to help you sort through the confusion and make the best choices about whether to use them.
Kava (Piper methysticum)
The claim: Kava causes extensive liver damage.
The truth: Kava has been shown to cause extensive liver damage only when taken in quantities much larger than the recommended amount.
In March 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a consumer advisory warning that kava, an herb used by many to relieve stress, anxiety, sleeplessness, and menopausal symptoms, can cause severe liver injury, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The advisory stated: "Although liver damage appears to be rare, the FDA believes consumers should be informed of this potential risk." Such a pronouncement from an agency that safeguards the public's welfare was understandably received with concern. Most of the newspaper and magazine articles that soon appeared simply reiterated the warning, leaving out background information on what spurred the FDA's advisory in the first place.
For example, buried in the news coverage of the kava advisory—if mentioned at all—was the fact that the number of reported cases of liver damage possibly due to kava was low. And of the 25 cases reported by people taking kava in Europe, many involved people who had liver damage prior to using kava or who used alcohol, a substance known to harm the liver. "These were a very small group of reports, and there was very little evidence that there was a direct link between liver toxicity and kava," says Phil Harvey, PhD, chief science officer with the National Nutritional Foods Association (NNFA). "Many of the individuals were taking other medications at the same time, and these other medications may have actually been the cause of the liver toxicity."
The first reaction should not be to ban kava but to study it and really understand what's going on with the way the body processes it. Subsequently, the sale of kava has been restricted or banned in several European countries, and the FDA is now in the process of examining some 38 cases of possible kava-related liver damage in the United States, though the number changes weekly. Among the U.S. reports filed are one about a woman who took up to 15 kava pills daily (well above the product's recommended dosage) in addition to prescription medications and one about a 13-year-old who deliberately took an overdose of kava.
After the FDA issued its advisory, a number of herbal products trade groups, including the American Herbal Products Association, the National Nutritional Foods Association, and the American Botanical Council, commissioned a University of Illinois researcher to investigate these reports of adverse effects from kava filed in the years 1998 to 2001. The researcher, Donald Waller, PhD, professor of pharmacology and toxicology in the department of pharmaceutics and pharmacodynamics at the University of Illinois at Chicago's College of Pharmacy, found "no clear evidence that the liver damage reported in the U.S. and Europe was caused by the consumption of kava." Many of the reports involved people who were taking large amounts of the herb (the American Herbal Products Association recommends doses not exceeding 300 mg of total kavalactones or kavapyrones, the active compound in kava, per day) or who were taking other medications or supplements, or were consuming alcohol.
One month after Waller submitted his report to the FDA, the agency responded with another consumer advisory that essentially repeated Waller's findings, concluding with a message that the FDA would further investigate kava's risks. "The agency will alert consumers, and if warranted, take additional action as more information becomes available" was the FDA's official announcement. Thus far, the FDA has issued no further warnings on the potential harms posed by this herb.
Here are some Web sites to visit for more details on the safety of herbal remedies.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) site for dietary supplements
www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-faq.html
www.ahpa.org
National Nutritional Foods Association
www.nnfa.org
www.herbalgram.org
Council for Responsible Nutrition
www.crnusa.org
Ephedra Education Council
www.ephedrafacts.com
The main concern regarding kava appears to be the danger of taking too much, which, as with any other drug, can be harmful. Research trials that have found no adverse effects of kava generally prescribe 120 mg of kavapyrones per day. Batavia, Illinois-based chiropractor Mathew Hajzl, DC, publisher of a newsletter on natural remedies and who uses both traditional and pharmaceutical remedies to relieve muscular and skeletal pain in his patients, has found the 120-mg dose to be beneficial and has not seen any liver toxicity in his patients. Hajzl also says up to 500 mg per day should be fine when carefully monitored by a physician. "It's still hard to make a statement about kava and its potential harms," Hajzl says, "because its actions are complicated, and each person is going to respond to it a little differently. But this is true of all drugs." That's why Hajzl says it's crucial to talk with your doctor before starting any herbal regimen and tell him or her about any other supplements or prescriptions you are taking. You also need to stick to recommended doses. "I know not everyone wants to do this," he says, "but it really is the best way to know that you are being as safe as possible."
Many experts applaud the FDA's actions so far. "I think the FDA is doing the right thing by warning consumers about the drug," says Chun-Su Yuan, MD, of the University of Chicago, an anesthesiologist who has studied the sleep-inducing effects of valerian on humans and of kava on animals. "They haven't jerked the products off the shelf yet; they are waiting for detailed reports. The FDA wants to be careful, and they are waiting for some real evidence before they make a strong move for or against it."
Harvey echoes this sentiment, adding, "It is possible that individuals taking certain medications should not take kava, but that doesn't mean kava is a bad supplement. The first reaction should not be to ban it, but to study it and really understand what's going on with the way the body processes it."
The bottom line? If you have liver problems or take medications that affect your liver, or if you drink alcohol regularly, speak with a doctor before taking kava. The American Botanical Council, a nonprofit education and research organization, also recommends that people avoid taking kava on a daily basis for more than four weeks in a row. And as with any herb, follow the recommended dosages.
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica)
The claim: Ephedra is a dangerous weight-loss herb that causes high blood pressure, stroke, and heart attack.
The truth When taken in recommended doses, ephedra is considered to be safe.
The market is flooded with ephedra products, stemming in large part from the herb's much-touted reputation as a weight loss wonder drug. But on Oct. 8, 2002, the American Medical Association (AMA) offered testimony on ephedra's dangerous effects to Congress, urging legislators to remove dietary supplements containing ephedra from supermarket shelves. The AMA's request came after several high-publicity ephedra-related deaths, among them the deaths of three college and pro football players in 2001, including Minnesota Vikings tackle Korey Stringer. Although investigators found no evidence of stimulants in Stringer's body, an empty bottle of an ephedra-based product was found in his locker, leading many to point to ephedra as the cause of his death. Following these incidents, ephedra was banned from the Olympics, the NFL, and college sports. After so many sports organizations have taken action—and so many health incidents have been tied to this energy-boosting herb—the AMA's urge to ban ephedra seems more than warranted by some, but to others it seems a reactionary move based on few facts.
Politicians and the media are relentless in trying to find the negative in ephedra. To understand the argument, it helps to know how ephedra works as a weight loss drug. One effect of ephedra is its thermogenicity, or ability to produce heat. This changes the body's metabolism, speeding the way fuel is used, which can result in weight loss. In an attempt to take advantage of ephedra's promotion of weight loss, some people have taken large quantities based on a more-is-better philosophy (the industry-recommended dose is no more than 25 mg ephedrine alkaloids per serving and no more than 100 mg total per day). Large amounts of ephedra may lead to serious consequences, such as high blood pressure, stroke, or heart attack, because ephedra influences the nervous system and the way the heartbeat is regulated (Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2002, vol. 77, no. 1; New England Journal of Medicine, 2000, vol. 343, no. 25).
However, research shows that ephedra is safe when used in recommended doses. Douglas S. Kalman, MS, RD, FACN, a researcher at the clinical research organization Miami Research Associates who has published numerous studies on ephedra-based products' effects on weight loss, has found that small doses of ephedra taken once daily (20 mg ephedra combined with 200 mg caffeine) are effective for weight loss and have no apparent negative effects. "However," Kalman cautions, "we were very careful about the patients we allowed in our clinical trial. For example, before the study even began, we excluded anyone with heart disease or unstable hypertension. People who are not in optimal cardiovascular health should be very careful about using ephedra." Also, the doses of ephedra used in Kalman's trial involved one-third the amount of the herb used in most ephedra-based diet aids.
Harvey, chief science officer of the NNFA, finds Congress' consideration of an outright ban on ephedra too drastic. "Politicians and the media are relentless in trying to find the negative [in ephedra], but we should keep in mind that ephedra has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for 5,000 years."
More problematic some experts believe, is the herb's misuse by drug users, who aren't necessarily looking at the weight loss benefits. "What we and most other associations are really pushing for with Congress and the FDA is to actively work against the use of ephedrine [a substance derived from the plant ephedra] as a so-called street-drug alternative," says Kim Smith, the NNFA's director of legislative affairs. "This is when the potential for abuse comes in because people are taking large quantities in order to get a high that is similar to that of street drugs."
The secret to using ephedra safely as a weight loss drug is to stick to the proper doses. "Ephedra is effective in weight loss," says Harvey, "and our organization, along with others, such as the America Herbal Products Association, have put out pamphlets and educational statements urging people to stick to the recommended doses. Most ephedra products have significantly detailed warning labels, and anyone who is considering taking this supplement should take those labels seriously and see their doctor or health care professional if they have any questions."
No matter what, if you're thinking of taking ephedra as a weight loss drug, first speak with your doctor. Note that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a report in June 2002 that cautioned pregnant or nursing women to avoid all ephedra products. HHS also suggests that only adults over the age of 18 use these products and that anyone with a history of high blood pressure, heart or thyroid disease, depression, diabetes, or prostate enlargement or using any prescription medication should consult a health professional before using ephedra. HHS also recommends that ephedra use be discontinued if any of the following symptoms develop: rapid or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, severe headache, shortness of breath, dizziness, loss of consciousness, sleeplessness, or nausea.
Finally, some companies market "natural" weight loss products that actually contain synthetic ephedrine—that is, ephedrine not derived from a plant—and these should be avoided, according to HHS. Although this mislabeling is illegal and HHS is actively pursuing manufacturers that use such marketing practices, it is still a good idea to read the label of an ephedra product and make sure that the ingredients come from either "whole plant" or "botanical" extracts.
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
The claim: St. John's wort has no effect on depression.
The truth: St. John's wort is beneficial in treating mild to moderate depression, but has been shown to be ineffective in treating severe depression.
The controversy surrounding St. John's wort, commonly used nowadays as a natural treatment for mild to moderate depression, involves several research studies that many in the media have presented as proof that the herb doesn't improve symptoms of depression. In 2001, an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported the results from studies done at 11 academic medical centers in the United States showing St. John's wort was ineffective against major depression (2001, vol. 285, no. 15). But many in the media misinterpreted the details of this study. For one, herbalists and alternative health care practitioners recommend St. John's wort as a treatment for mild or moderate depression, not major depression; however, many articles didn't explain this distinction. Some 30 studies have in fact shown St. John's wort to be effective in treating less severe depression. Research suggests that the herb is at least as effective in treating mild to moderate depression as prescription medications are (Clinical Therapeutics, 2000, vol. 22, no. 4).
The study reported in JAMA also found the pharmaceutical sertraline (Zoloft) to be only slightly more effective than a placebo in easing the depression of patients in the study. Yet this wasn't nearly as widely reported as St. John's wort's supposed ineffectiveness. (It should be noted that the multicenter study was supported in part by a grant from Pfizer, manufacturer of both Zoloft and St. John's wort extract.)
In another study, St. John's wort stood up well in a head-to-head comparison with sertraline. Researchers in Montreal compared the effects of this prescription medication to St. John's wort in patients suffering from major depression and found that sertraline was not significantly better at treating major depression than the herb. In fact, the researchers concluded that St. John's wort is a better first-step treatment choice because it produced fewer side effects than did the sertraline (Canadian Family Physician, 2002, vol. 48).
Although St. John's wort appears to be an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression, it's still important to observe some precautions. "As far as I know, there's not much toxicity associated with this drug, but people need to be aware that St. John's wort is just that—a drug," says Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who has written on the interactions of St. John's wort with other drugs. "It can interact with other kinds of medications, so if someone is thinking about incorporating it into their diet, they really need to make sure that it won't react badly with something else that they are taking." For example, some studies have shown that St. John's wort can hinder HIV medications and chemotherapy, so people undergoing those treatments should seek a doctor's advice before using this supplement (Phytomedicine, 2001, vol. 8, no. 2; Biochemical Pharmacology, 2001, vol. 62, no. 8).
Overall, if you're looking to ease symptoms of mild to moderate depression—meaning you have low moods from time to time—St. John's wort appears to be effective and safe. More severe depression warrants medical treatment from a health care practitioner. It's also important to note that St. John's wort can decrease blood levels of certain prescription drugs, including blood thinners, oral contraceptives, and antivirals. So, as always, be sure to consult with your health care practitioner and follow the recommended doses when you use this herbal supplement.
Gargi Talukder, PhD, a science writer and first-year law student at the University of Chicago, has become a fan of tofu since starting her research for this article. She has now gained a reputation among her friends as a "tofu junky."
What's next in clean supplements
Secret Shopper: How much hemp CBD do I need to take?


text:
home Biography Richard Giannotti
Richard Giannotti
Facts of Richard Giannotti
Richard Giannotti, an American executive, is popularly known as a baseball player who has served in various baseball teams.
He also owns a firm called Athlete Asset Management at Global Wealth Management and is the President and Financial Advisor of the firm.
He was a part of the hit series Ballers; aired on HBO network.
Married, Wife, Wedding
Richard met his wife, Joy Taylor, a sports news personality whom he met at a conference. The couple started dating each other in 2014.
Joy thought of taking this to the next level and proposed Richard after a year in 2015. The loving duo got married on 13th February 2016, a day before Valentine's day.
The wedding ceremony took place at the Biltmore Luxury Hotel in Miami with a five-storeyed white cake.
Although the ceremony was private between the two families it was no less than a fairytale.
Get In: Joseph Benavidez Wife And Married Life
Richard is very active on his social media.
Here is the picture of their wedding shared by Richard on his Twitter account captioned as
"A day @JoyTaylorTalks and I will never forget. Thanks to all our family & friends for partying the right way….HARD."
Richard Giannotti Wedding Day Source: marrieddivorce
The love and happiness between Richard and Joy didn't last long. The couple split in early 2018 due to some reasons.
However there is no information as to why Richard divorced her wife.
Joy has already moved on and got engaged to former NBA player and coach, Earl Watson in September 2018.
However, Richard has not been in love with anyone after that and there seems to be no affair with anyone.
Richard is very private about his financial matter.
Since he has not provided any information about his earnings, the net worth of the baseball player cannot be estimated.
Although the player has not disclosed any information about his earnings, we can assume that his net worth is pretty good because of his professional life both in the sports career and in the business.
He played baseball for almost nine years for Major League Baseball Players Association (MLB), owned a clothing store called Bubucheek Clothing for six years and also currently owns a company named Athletes Asset Management where he also serves as a president and financial advisor.
Amaze Yourself: Will Grier Salary And Net Worth
He earns a considerable amount of money from his on-field experience. He also earns a salary of $58K per year as a financial advisor.
He has made more from his business career than his sports career.
His ex-wife, Joy Taylor's net worth is around over 1 million dollars with her annual salary over 300 thousand dollars.
Below is the list of top 10 richest baseball players in the world as of 2019:
S.N Player Name Net Worth (In million dollars)
1 Bud Selig $400
2 Alex Rodriguez $350
3 Derek Jeter 185
4 Ichiro Suzuki 180
5 Albert Pujols 170
6 Miguel Cabrera 125
7 Randy Johnson 115
8 Chipper Jones 110
9 Joey Votto 110
10 Manny Ramirez 110
Richard does not get enough time to travel around, but whenever he visits a place that appeals him he posts it on his social media account.
He posted a picture of his visit to Anguilla on his Instagram with a caption
"2019 #goals Visit This Place. It's great to have friends in the islands! #anguilla"
Age, Height
This sportsman, as well as businessman, is a fit tall man with a height of 6 feet 3 inches. This man with black eye and black hair is currently the age of 36.
Discover More: Conleth Hill Net Worth And Career
He was born to father Richard J. Giannotti and mother Susan Giannotti. His father was a former FBI agent.
Info and Highlights (Birthday, Age, Height)
His full name is Richard Brandon Giannotti.
He was born on August 9, 1983, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
He is currently 36 years old.
His nationality is American.
He belongs to white ethnicity with the Christian religion.
He is a tall man with a height of 6 feet 3 inches.
We cover most of the details about Richard Giannotti as it is difficult to find on other wiki sites.
Updated On Mon Sep 16 2019 Published On Mon Sep 16 2019 By paper-boat
Published Fri Sep 20 2019
Published Sat Aug 17 2019
Will Grier
Sabrina Bartlett
Published Tue Oct 15 2019
Katja Herbers
Published Sun Nov 10 2019
Published Wed Sep 18 2019
Published Fri May 03 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
#include "caffe2/operators/resize_op.h"

#include "caffe2/utils/cpu_neon.h"
#include "caffe2/utils/math.h"

namespace caffe2 {

void resizeNearest2x(
    int batch_size,
    int num_channels,
    int input_height,
    int input_width,
    const float* input,
    float* output) {
  const int output_height = input_height * 2;
  const int output_width = input_width * 2;
  for (int n = 0; n < batch_size; ++n) {
    for (int c = 0; c < num_channels; ++c) {
      for (int y = 0; y < output_height; ++y) {
        const int in_y = y / 2;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON__
        int vecW = (input_width / 4) * 4; // round down
        int x = 0;
        for (; x < vecW; x += 4) {
          // load 0 1 2 3
          float32x4_t v = vld1q_f32(input + in_y * input_width + x);
          const int oidx = output_width * y + x * 2;
          float32x4x2_t v2 = {{v, v}};
          // store 00 11 22 33
          vst2q_f32(output + oidx + 0, v2);
        }

        // handle remainder
        for (; x < input_width; ++x) {
          const float v = input[in_y * input_width + x];
          const int oidx = output_width * y + x * 2;
          output[oidx + 0] = v;
          output[oidx + 1] = v;
        }
#else
        for (int x = 0; x < input_width; ++x) {
          const float v = input[in_y * input_width + x];
          const int oidx = output_width * y + x * 2;
          output[oidx + 0] = v;
          output[oidx + 1] = v;
        }
#endif
      }
      input += input_height * input_width;
      output += output_height * output_width;
    }
  }
}

template <>
bool ResizeNearestOp<float, CPUContext>::RunOnDevice() {
  const auto& X = Input(0);
  auto* Y = Output(0);

  const int batch_size = X.dim32(0),
            num_channels = X.dim32(1),
            input_height = X.dim32(2),
            input_width = X.dim32(3);
  int output_width = input_width * width_scale_;
  int output_height = input_height * height_scale_;
  Y->Resize(batch_size, num_channels, output_height, output_width);

  const float* Xdata = X.data<float>();
  float* Ydata = Y->mutable_data<float>();

  // Specialized implementation for fast 2x upsampling
  if (width_scale_ == 2.0 && height_scale_ == 2.0) {
    resizeNearest2x(
        batch_size, num_channels, input_height, input_width, Xdata, Ydata);
    return true;
  }

  for (int n = 0; n < batch_size; ++n) {
    for (int c = 0; c < num_channels; ++c) {
      for (int y = 0; y < output_height; ++y) {
        const int in_y = std::min((int)(y / height_scale_), (input_height - 1));
        for (int x = 0; x < output_width; ++x) {
          const int in_x = std::min((int)(x / width_scale_), (input_width - 1));
          Ydata[output_width * y + x] = Xdata[input_width * in_y + in_x];
        }
      }
      Xdata += input_height * input_width;
      Ydata += output_width * output_height;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

template <>
bool ResizeNearestGradientOp<float, CPUContext>::RunOnDevice() {
  const auto& dY = Input(0);
  const auto& X = Input(1);
  auto* dX = Output(0);

  const auto& inputDims = dY.dims();
  CAFFE_ENFORCE_EQ(4, inputDims.size());
  const int batch_size = dY.dim32(0),
            num_channels = dY.dim32(1),
            input_height = dY.dim32(2),
            input_width = dY.dim32(3);
  const int output_height = X.dim32(2);
  const int output_width = X.dim32(3);
  dX->Resize(batch_size, num_channels, output_height, output_width);
  math::Set<float, CPUContext>(dX->size(),
                               0.0f,
                               dX->mutable_data<float>(),
                               &context_);

  const float* dYdata = dY.data<float>();
  float* dXdata = dX->mutable_data<float>();

  for (int n = 0; n < batch_size; ++n) {
    for (int c = 0; c < num_channels; ++c) {
      for (int y = 0; y < input_height; ++y) {
        const int out_y = std::min((int)(y / height_scale_),
                                   (output_height - 1));
        for (int x = 0; x < input_width; ++x) {
          const int out_x = std::min((int)(x / width_scale_),
                                     (output_width - 1));
          dXdata[output_width * out_y + out_x] += dYdata[input_width * y + x];
        }
      }
      dYdata += input_height * input_width;
      dXdata += output_height * output_width;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

REGISTER_CPU_OPERATOR(ResizeNearest, ResizeNearestOp<float, CPUContext>);
REGISTER_CPU_OPERATOR(ResizeNearestGradient,
                      ResizeNearestGradientOp<float, CPUContext>);

// Input: X, output: Y
OPERATOR_SCHEMA(ResizeNearest)
    .NumInputs(1)
    .NumOutputs(1)
    .Arg("width_scale", "Scale along width dimension")
    .Arg("height_scale", "Scale along height dimension")
    .SetDoc(R"DOC(
Resizes the spatial dimensions of the input using nearest neighbor
interpolation. The `width_scale` and `height_scale` arguments
control the size of the output, which is given by:
output_width = floor(input_width * width_scale)
output_height = floor(output_height * height_scale)
)DOC")
    .Input(0, "X", "Input tensor")
    .Output(0, "Y", "Output tensor");

// Input: dY, output: dX
OPERATOR_SCHEMA(ResizeNearestGradient)
    .NumInputs(2)
    .NumOutputs(1)
    .Arg("width_scale", "Scale along width dimension")
    .Arg("height_scale", "Scale along height dimension");

class GetResizeNearestGradient : public GradientMakerBase {
  using GradientMakerBase::GradientMakerBase;
  vector<OperatorDef> GetGradientDefs() override {
    return SingleGradientDef("ResizeNearestGradient",
                             "",
                             vector<string>{GO(0), I(0)},
                             vector<string>{GI(0)});
  }
};
REGISTER_GRADIENT(ResizeNearest, GetResizeNearestGradient);

} // namespace caffe2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Open a file in Vim without it showing in the buffer list My Vim workflow revolves around having multiple open buffers, and switching between them with a combination of :ls<CR>:b $BUFFER_NUMBER, :bp, :bn and b#. As such I like to have some control over my buffer list, so tend to relatively frequently :bd buffers that I'm not using.
I'm often working primarily on a few files, but need to access many more to look briefly. After working in this way for a while, new files end up with a very high buffer index. Navigating to :b 75 is quite inconvenient, but also "feels" wrong. To mitigate this I tend to open another instance of Vim in a different tmux pane to open files I know I just need to glance at, but it feels like this should be something I can solve with Vim!
I understand it isn't possible to reset the buffer index, or re-number the current buffer list, but I wonder whether it's possible to open a buffer without it showing in the buffer list.

A: The missing tool in your tool belt is :b partialname<Tab>, which lets you access a specific buffer without having to choose from a long list or needlessly switch through dozens of unrelated buffers.
In the gifcast below I have 634 loaded buffers ($ vim *.js in node_modules/lodash). This is a bit extreme, maybe, but I think it makes it very clear how easy and painless buffer switching can be in Vim, no matter how many buffers you have. And without any plugin.

See :help :b and :help wildmenu.

Here are the relevant parts of my vimrc:
" three options
set wildmenu
set wildignorecase
set wildmode=full

" one mapping
nnoremap ,b :buffer<Space>

Note: my actual ,b mapping includes a * but it is not necessary; it's there only for consistency with another set of mappings.

A: As far as I understand, the real answer to your question is no.  All buffers are associated with a buffer number when they are first opened. This buffer number is consumed and never available to be used again, even when using :bwipeout to completely remove a buffer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New South Wales, Returned Soldiers Settlement Loan Files
Did your New South Wales ancestors serve as soldiers in World War One? Find out if the returned serviceman on your family tree applied for financial support as part of the New South Wales soldier settlement scheme. Uncover details of their land, address and financial history in their post-war life.
Search New South Wales, Returned Soldiers Settlement Loan Files
What can these records tell me?
Each record includes a transcript. The amount of information listed varies, but the New South Wales, Returned Soldiers Settlement Loan Files 1906-1960 may include the following information about your ancestor:
Land district
Loan number
Discover more about these records
The New South Wales, Returned Soldiers Settlement Loan Files 1906-1960 on Findmypast are transcribed from an index consisting of roughly 7,000 individual files relating to ex-servicemen's applications for financial assistance as part of a soldier settlement scheme following the First World War.
Revealing information about returned servicemen's land, property and finances, the New South Wales, Returned Soldiers Settlement Loan Files 1906-1960 transcripts provide insight into the opportunities and challenges faced by soldiers who fought in the First World War after their return home.
This index reveals the address and district of returned servicemen's property, and details about the loan they had applied for, including its start and end date and the relevant loan number. It is worth noting that some of the files relate to land that was acquired before World War One and later transferred to a returned soldier.
Soldier settlement schemes were introduced around Australia, using land selected and acquired by the Commonwealth (or national) Government to sell or lease to returned servicemen. Each state government administered its own scheme. In New South Wales, the soldier settlement scheme was legislated under the Returned Soldiers Settlement Act 1916, which also allowed for soldier settlers to receive financial assistance through an advance or loan. This was distributed through the Rural Bank.
Originally the Commonwealth Government of Australia allocated the sum of 500 pounds to be granted to each applicant. This was done in order to help them clear, fence and develop their land, as well as to purchase necessary materials, stock, seeds, and implements, or construct a house, sheds or fencing.
However, many soldier settlers needed further financial support due to the high costs of materials and other expenses. As such, later in the war, the amount was increased to 626 pounds, which was also in the form of a loan paid to the settlers by the Commonwealth Government. Returned servicemen were responsible for repaying these loans, along with cumulative interest.
More about the New South Wales soldier settlement scheme
During World War One, the Australian government cooperated with the various state governments to recognise soldiers returning from the war front for their service and provide them with support in the form of land for farming.
The Commonwealth Government took responsibility for selecting and acquiring Crown land to sell or lease to the returned servicemen – although additional land was also obtained for the purpose – while every state government processed applications and granted allotments of land in their own state.
The state government in New South Wales introduced the Returned Soldiers Settlement Act 1916, which made soldiers who had served overseas and been honourably discharged eligible to apply for an allotment of land. In 1917, an amendment to this legislation meant that soldiers who had not enlisted in Australia and had not served overseas were also included in the scheme.
The returned soldiers pursued poultry farming, fruit farming, pig farming, horticulture, market gardening, and other agricultural industries, and settled in various regions around the state. Project areas included regions as far afield as Dorrigo, Griffith, Glen Innes and Batlow, and even metropolitan areas in Sydney such as Bankstown and Seven Hills.
Using this index, you can view the original Returned Soldiers Settlement Loan Files records and related correspondence at State Records NSW's Western Sydney Records Centre.
New South Wales, Closer Settlement and Returned Soldiers Transfer Files 1907-1936 & 1951
New South Wales, Returned Soldier Settlement Miscellaneous Files 1916-1939
Australian Imperial Force Embarkation Roll 1914-1918
Australian Imperial Force Nominal Roll 1914-1918


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As the news buzzes with controversy over "burkinis" on French beaches, I'm surrounded by burka clad women in shopping malls, grocery stores and the hotel where we're staying. Living in European and US cities I've, of course, seen women wearing burkas and head scarves, but it's another thing entirely to be in the minority, to be the only one NOT wearing the traditional religious symbols of Islamic dress.
Today as Maggie and I ventured to the mall attached to our hotel, we passed by a Dunkin Donuts, Gymboree and Children's Place, as well as kiosks selling head scarves and stores displaying black burkas on mannequins. I watched Maggie, gauging her reaction, and to my surprise, she seemed unfazed by the newness of it all. I thought maybe I'd need to tell her not to stare, but I didn't; somehow she knew this was our new "normal." I suspect it helped that we found a Baskin Robins and got scoops of Rainbow Sherbet. And we did go into several toy stores, (for "birthday" market research). But admittedly, I was the one who felt strange and out of place to see so many women covered up, maybe as strange as it is for them to see me uncovered.
I'm still formulating first impressions and being careful to refrain from making snap judgements or assumptions, but it's difficult to remember MY way is not the only way, or the best way. Even as I'm immersed in Omani life, it's hard to grasp THIS is how things are done.
Men are everywhere and comfortably visible. They run everything at the hotel–the front desk, housekeeping, the café. It is a man who brings me extra toilet paper or fresh towels when I call. And the hotel has a separate WOMEN ONLY workout gym and pool. It's fabulous, but admittedly, strange to see ONLY women.
Perhaps the most striking contrast for me has been our day at the beach. Our Embassy sponsors (and "insta-friends"), were kind enough to take us. I knew a strong dose of sunshine and a dip in the Omani gulf would be good for our jet lag. We packed our sunscreen, snacks and towels. Maggie and I wore our modest tankinis under cover-ups, the boys had on their usual swim trunks, t-shirts and flip-flops just like any other beach day, but when we arrived I could see it wasn't going to be just like any other beach day.
Yes, the waters were lovely. The sun was enough to coax you into the sea without being unbearable. It wasn't crowded but again…men everywhere. Men wearing shorts without shirts, wraparound skirts, wet sarongs tied at their waist (very visible I tell you!), swimming, gathering, talking easily with friends. But where were the women? When I scanned the beach more carefully, I did see a few, but no one was wearing a swimsuit and certainly nothing in the color fuchsia pink like mine! They were dressed in muted colors, wearing headscarves and dresses or skirts that flowed past ankles onto the sand.
While quickly wrapping my towel securely around me, I noticed a young girl walking into the water, maybe 10 or 11 years old, wearing a pretty pink tunic, (something I'd buy for Maggie), only hers was paired with matching leggings and a swim cap. Literally a swim "suit." My American friend told me then, "I'm considering buying yoga pants to wear to the beach." I told her I thought it was a good idea.
Talk about an answer to prayer! He picked us up two large pizzas and a round of diet Coke's and drove us back to our hotel. We showered and sat down to a hot meal and Netflix. I know this place isn't "home" yet, not even close, but I'm sensing the possibilities. I'm also sensing there's a lot more I need to learn and I'm willing to believe first impressions don't give the whole story. This is only just the beginning, but at least we got Papa John's.
YOU have a BLESSED life Lana. Someday this will all be read by all in your best seller. Thanks for sharing and enjoy the adventure !! Be Safe and keep in touch !!
Fascinating, Lana. I think I'd feel like you–intimidated by the modesty, wondering if I was giving the wrong message. I'll be interested to see what you do as time goes on. I think you're only there for a year?
Thanks Jacqui, we're actually signed up for three years and I'm shocked by how many expats I meet who have been here for 10+ years. I guess they've figured it out. I hope I can do the same!
Hi Lana. Glad you are on the way to getting settled in in your new foreign land. I think it may always feel like "Lost in Translation" but what great fodder for stories. This post would be a great magazine piece! PS- I just love hot pink.
Thanks Michelle, I think you're right, I'm not sure this world, or mine, can ever fully translate. But it does make for some great stories. Truth is always stranger than fiction.


text:
Малый Ярославец — другое название города Малоярославец в Калужской области.
 Малый Ярославец — другое название острова Сноу в архипелаге Южные Шетландские острова.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
[Previous] Aubrey de Grey Discussion, 3 | Home | [Next] Aubrey de Grey Discussion, 5
Aubrey de Grey Discussion, 4
I discussed epistemology and cryonics with Aubrey de Grey via email. Click here to find the rest of the discussion. Yellow quotes are from Aubrey de Grey, with permission. Bluegreen is me, red is other.
I can't point you to anything better than what is posted at Alcor's and CI's sites, no. Instead let's look at what you say below. Sure there is an objective, impersonal truth of the matter about the current state of any particular technology. The question is whether what we do with that truth should be similarly objective and impersonal, and I don't think it should. I believe it is OK for people to have different values and priorities, whether it's concerning the merits of tomato ketchup or the value of life. Therefore, I believe there is a range of legitimate opinions about the justifiability of a given course of action. For sure that range will be finite, i.e. there will be cases where people are not adopting a policy that is consistent with their other beliefs and will be resistant to recognising that fact, but that doesn't change that fact that there is still that (finite) room for legitimate agreement to disagree. Cryonics is a rather extreme case, because its basis in the prospect of revival in the rather distant future entails so much uncertainty as to the pros and cons. I value my and others' lives very highly, and I consider it quite likely that the future will be a progressively more fulfilling place to be, so I think signing up for cryopreservation makes sense even if one evaluates the chance of being revived and being glad one had been is quite low (I would probably go as low as 1%, and I definitely think we're up at at least 10% today, even taking into account the issues we've been discussing). But I don't claim to have an objective, impersonal argument for that 1% - rather, if someone else values life less than I do and/or they are more pessimistic about human progress, and they conclude that their cutoff is 50%, they're welcome to their opinion. No?
I agree about some scope for people to differ, though I don't think the reasonable range extends to not signing up for cryonics that is 50% likely to work, for people who can afford it.
I, too, value life very highly and expect the future to be dramatically better. I think concerns about e.g. overpopulation and running out of jobs are bad philosophy, both generally (problems are soluble, and we don't have to and shouldn't expect to know all future solutions today) and also I could give specific arguments on those two issues today. And I'm not worried that I might not be glad to be revived.
But we have a disagreement about methodology and epistemology, which comes up with your comments on percentages.
If I believed cryonics had even 1% odds in a meaningful sense, I'd sign up too. I value my life more than 100x the price. That's easy. An example of meaningful odds would be that for every 1000 people who sign up, 10 will be revived. But it doesn't work that way.
Explanations don't have percentage odds. It's important to look at issues in terms of good and bad explanations, and criticisms, not odds. (You may have some familiarity with this view from David Deutsch, including his criticisms of weighing ideas and of Bayesian epistemology.)
In FoR, DD uses the example idea that eating grass will cure a cold. Because there's no explanation of how grass does that, he explains that this empirically-scientifically testable idea isn't worth testing. It should be rejected just from the philosophical criticism that it lacks a good explanation.
It shouldn't be assigned a probability either. It's bad thinking, to be rejected as such, unless and until a new idea changes things.
Odds apply to issues like physical events. Odds are a reasonable way to think about the possibility of dying in a plane crash, or other cryo-incompatible deaths. Odds can even somewhat model problems like whether the cryo staff will make a mistake, or whether Alcor stays in business, though there are some problems there.
You could die in a plane crash, or not. It could go either way, so odds make some sense. But either current cryo methods (assume perfusion etc go well) preserve the necessary information, or they don't. That can't go either way, there's a fact of reality one way or the other.
The basic way odds are misused is there are multiple rival ideas, and rationally resolving the conflicts between them turns out to be difficult. So people seek ways to retreat from critical discussion and find a shortcut to a conclusion. E.g. a person favors an idea, and there is some idea which contradicts it which he can't objectively refute. Rather than say "I don't know", or figure out how to know, he assigns some odds to his idea, then lowers the odds for each criticism he doesn't refute. But the odds are completely arbitrary numbers and have no bearing on which ideas are correct.
Fundamentally, he's mistaken to take sides when two ideas contradict and he can't refute either one. Often this is done by bias, e.g. favoring the idea he thought of himself, or spent the last five years working on.
A starting point for a cryo explanation is that digging up graves to revive people won't work, due to brain damage (this could be explained in more detail I won't go into). There is no good explanation of how it could ever work. This bad explanation isn't worth scientific testing, and should not be assigned any odds.
Freezing people is better than coffins because it preserves more brain matter and prevents a lot of decay, but there's no good explanation that it would work either, because there's so much brain damage. All claims that it would work can be refuted by criticism (in the context of present knowledge). But vice versa doesn't apply: one could write an explanation of why straight freezing won't work for cryo, which would stand up to criticism. (Today. All these things are always tentative, and can be rethought if someone has a new idea.)
That is how issues should be resolved rationally. Get a situation with one explanation that survives criticism, and no rivals that do. Then, while one could still be mistaken, there is a non-arbitrary opportunity to accept the best current knowledge.
This is a Popperian view, which many people disagree with. They're wrong. And all of their arguments have known answers. I can answer any points you're interested in.
Changing subjects briefly, let's apply this to SENS. SENS is the best available knowledge on the issues it addresses, and which should not be dismissed by arbitrarily assigning it odds. Odds are a semi-OK approximation for whether specific already-understood SENS milestones will be done by a particular date, but are not an OK way to judge the truth of the core explanatory ideas of SENS. It's very important to look at SENS in terms of the proposed explanations and criticisms, and actually resolve the conflicts between different ideas (e.g. go through the criticisms of SENS and figure out concretely why each criticism is wrong, rather than be unable to objectively and persuasively answer some criticism but continue anyway. Note you are able to address EVERY criticism, which makes SENS good, as opposed to other ideas which don't live up to that important standard.)
Finally, today's vitrification processes cause less brain damage than freezing. But still lots of brain damage. So for the same main reason as before (lots of brain damage prevents reviving), cryonics won't work (until there's better technology).
Either this is the best available explanation, or there is information somewhere refuting it, or there is a rival for the best explanation that's also unrefuted. In each case, it's not a matter of odds, and this initial skeptical explanation regarding cryo I've given should stand as the best view on the matter unless there are certain kinds of specific relevant ideas (rivals, criticisms).
Behinds statements about odds, there usually are some explanations, but it'd be better to critically discuss them directly.
I'm guessing you may have in mind an explanation something like, "We don't know how much brain damage is too much, and can model this uncertainty with odds." But someone could say the same thing to defend straight freezing or coffins, as methods for later revival, so that can't be a good argument by itself.
To make a rational case for today's cryonics, there has to be some explanation about how much brain damage is too much, why that much, and how vitrification gets over the line (while, presumably, freezing and grave digging don't – though Alcor and CI don't seem to take that seriously, e.g. Alcor has dug up a corpse from a grave and stored it). Well, either there should be an explanation like I said above, or one explaining why that's the wrong way to look at it, and explaining something even better. Without good explanation, it's the grass cure for the cold again. You may also have in mind some further answers to these issues, but I can't guess them, and if they are good points that good content was omitted from the statement of odds.
Finally to put it another way: I don't think people should donate to SENS if the explanations in Ending Aging didn't exist (or equivalent prior material). Those good ideas make all the difference. Without those ideas, a claim that SENS might work (even with only 10% odds) would not suffice. And I don't think cryonics has the equivalent good explanations like SENS. (Though I'd be happy to be corrected if it does have that somewhere.)
If you are interested, I will write more explaining the philosophy here. Actually I did write more and deleted it, to keep things briefer. Epistemology, btw, is my chosen specialty. (I don't want any authority, I just think it's relevant to mention.)
Continue reading the next part of the discussion.
Elliot Temple on September 16, 2014
> In FoR, DD uses the example idea that eating grass will cure a cold. Because there's no explanation of how grass does that, he explains that this empirically-scientifically testable idea isn't worth testing. It should be rejected just from the philosophical criticism that it lacks a good explanation.
I'm not familiar with the original example, but let's suppose my initial idea was that we've stumbled across various plants with medicinal qualities before, so maybe if we eat grass it will have some yet-to-be-discovered property that will cure a cold.
I wouldn't call that "no explanation". Can you walk me through how you reason about / deal with that initial idea?
Anon69 at 5:11 PM on October 11, 2016 | #6795 | reply | quote
there's still no explanation of how grass in particular cures colds in particular.
we're not just gonna test every plant for maybe curing every illness.
curi at 9:19 PM on October 11, 2016 | #6796 | reply | quote
> there's still no explanation of how grass in particular cures colds in particular.
>we're not just gonna test every plant for maybe curing every illness.
I accept that the idea "eating grass will cure a cold" can be rejected on the grounds it lacks a good explanation of how it would do so.
I guess when I think about the problem how do we cure the cold, there are other ideas that come to mind which involve grass, that I would also reject, but for different reasons.
I might have the idea: Any plant (e.g. grass) *may* cure a cold because plants have a variety of unusual / not well understood organic compounds and we don't know how each of them affect the body.
I'd probably reject it as a reason to test eating grass (and other plants) because it's going to take a lot of time, a lot of plants would turn out to be poisonous, and there are better areas of investigation based on what we know about colds and how they work, etc.
I'm not sure if I'm making any worthwhile point or just confusing things…there was just something incomplete about the original example/analysis and I'm thinking out loud about it...
it's explained in a more complete way in FoR, which Aubrey de Grey has read and is, at least theoretically, familiar with.
Anonymous at 2:04 PM on October 12, 2016 | #6798 | reply | quote


The sharing of life stories is immensely important, imparting the knowledge and wisdom gained through a lifetime of experiences from one generation. Hearing such stories enriches all the listeners, providing both encouragement and the challenge to model such a well-lived life. The tradition of imparting generational accounts around a fire reaches back to the beginning of the human experience. First Stories is a winter series where once a month listeners gather around the Main Street Café fireplace to hear a longtime member of First Methodist share his or her life story in an intimate session. The events are recorded and become a part of the church archives and also provide present and future generations the opportunity to hear these stories. So, take your cup of hot chocolate or coffee, find a comfortable spot to sit, and join us virtually beside the fireplace for First Stories.
On January 27, Barbara Yarbrough began the 2019 First Stories winter series. You are sure to be inspired by Barbara's story of overcoming many childhood challenges in Houston, moving to Midland, and her years of educating and influencing countless young people. Barbara shared of God's faithfulness, His provision, the people He placed in her life at just the right times, and how her life has taken many unexpected turns. She is a remarkable woman with a remarkable story. You are sure to enjoy her story and benefit from having heard it.


text:
12 June 2018 | Prototype Mercedes EQA, Battery Maker CATL Soars And More Diesel 'Switch Off' Devices
It's Tuesday 12th June 2018 and this is your EV News Daily. Good morning, good afternoon and good evening! Wherever you're listening around the world, a very warm welcome from London, UK. Here is today's news about electric cars and the future of transport. My name is Martyn Lee and I go through every EV article online so you don't have to.
JAGUAR LAND ROVER MAKES ROOM FOR ELECTRIC RE-TOOLING
"Britain's biggest car manufacturer, Jaguar Land Rover, is to transfer all production of its Land Rover Discovery model from the West Midlands to a plant in Slovakia, potentially putting hundreds of agency jobs at risk." reports The UK's Guardian. However the move is seen as an opportunity to re-tool the plant to build the next wave of electric cars. "The company has said it would make an electric option for each of its new models after 2020
David Bailey, the professor of industrial strategy at Aston University, said: "There has been speculation locally that they needed to free up space to make electric vehicles. There was concern that their first electric car, the I-Pace, was being made in Austria ? people wanted that built here. If this move on the Discovery means producing electric cars here, overall that is a good thing. We want to see that transition to a low-carbon economy in the Midlands and we want to see the jobs here."
GERMANY DISCOVERS MORE 'SWITCH OFF' DEVICES IN MERCEDES
Daimler shares fell following a report that up to 1 million Daimler cars could contain their own form of what is commonly called a 'defeat devices', as Chief Executive Dieter Zetsche prepared to meet the transport minister on Monday.
"Daimler declined to comment on the 1 million vehicles figure, but said it is cooperating fully and transparently with the KBA and Germany's Transport Ministry." reports Autoblog: "Daimler, like other car manufacturers, uses urea nitrate liquids to neutralize nitrogen oxide emissions in exhaust fumes. However, Germany's road vehicle authority, the KBA, has taken issue with the emission control features amid suspicion they allow vehicles to emit excess pollution without detection."
MORE ON TESLA AUTOPILOT AND AI
Following up on the story we talked about on yesterday show about improved Autopilot for Tesla: "With V9, we will begin to enable full self-driving features"
A reminder than version 8.0 arrived in 2016 so this update is long-awaited.
@anandrajk – "Speaking of merging and autopilot the biggest issue i have noticed is when two lanes merge and it is rush hour traffic. The autopilot is not able to decide to let the car slightly ahead on the neighboring lane go ahead and I invariably find myself cornered!"
@elonmusk – "That issue is better in latest Autopilot software rolling out now & fully fixed in August update as part of our long-awaited Tesla Version 9. To date, Autopilot resources have rightly focused entirely on safety. With V9, we will begin to enable full self-driving features."
Meanwhile, in a related story picked up by Fred Lambert, Electrek reports: "Andrej Karpathy, Tesla's director of AI and computer vision, is currently hard at work trying to improve Autopilot by training Tesla's neural net with incredible amounts of data from Tesla's fleet. He describes how labeling different types of road lines can be quite complex due to the variety of lanes across different regions. He gave another example of Tesla's dataset with traffic lights, which he says can "get crazy really fast. Karpathy explained that it takes "time and attention" to build a dataset and it is "painful," which is why they are trying to build new tools at Tesla to help them create "software 2.0″ code."
TESLA'S 'SUPERIOR' ELECTRONIC ARCHITECTURE 'OVERLOOKED' SAYS BERENBERG
"Analysts at investment bank Berenberg said people tended to dwell on the competitive landscape for electric car maker Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA), but underestimated the "full extent of Tesla's technology advantage." say the team at Proactiveinvestors
"Imminent competition from traditional Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) is often cited as a key threat to Tesla, but this underestimates the full extent of Tesla's technology advantage, which manifests in the entire electronic architecture design," wrote analysts at Berenberg in a research note to clients issued Friday.
"This is a decisive barrier for legacy carmakers. Tesla's centralised, integrated, technology-driven architecture enables flexibility and OTA (over-the-air) software-upgradeability across the entire domain. In contrast, traditional architectures implement technology additively to the legacy infrastructure, resulting in decentralised electronic control units (ECUs) systems that creates excess complexity and incompatibility," they added.
CATL SURGES ON DAY ONE
"Making its market debut in Shenzhen on Monday, China's largest lithium battery maker Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. saw its shares soar by 44% — the maximum allowed for newly-listed stocks on their first trading day." according to Nikkei.com: "CATL's shares, which were listed on the tech-focused ChiNext index of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, reached 36.2 yuan apiece, giving the seven-year-old company a valuation of $78.6 billion yuan ($12.2 billion). This makes it the second largest company by market capitalization on ChiNext, with investors bullish on industries related to electric vehicles thanks to Beijing's campaign against pollution."
MERCEDES BENZ SHOWS OFF EQA PROTOYPE
"Mercedes has showed off footage of its prototype EQA, the compact EV that's part of its next-generation of EQ electric cars. It first unveiled the A-Class-sized electric car at the Frankfurt Auto Show last year, but it now apparently has a working prototype." according to Engadget: "Its expected to have a 60 kWh battery pack that will yield a 200 to 250 mile range, and electric drivetrain that will propel it from 0 to 60 mph in around five seconds. A DC quick-charging system will allow you to add 60 miles or so of range in just ten minutes. All three EQ EVs just happen to match up against Tesla models, with the EQA taking on the Model 3, the EQS the Model S, and the EQC matching up against Tesla's Model X. Mercedes hasn't revealed the pricing of any of the vehicles yet, of course, nor when the EQS and EQA would come to market."
I'd love to spread the word about electric cars so, if you can, share this somebody who might be interested.
You can listen to every previous episode of this podcast on iTunes, Google Play, Spotify, YouTube, TuneIn, Stitcher, and the blog https://www.evnewsdaily.com/ ? remember to subscribe, which means you don't have to think about downloading the show each day, plus you get it first and free and automatically.


Persistence Market Research (PMR), in its report, projects the global programmatic advertising platform market to register a staggering expansion at 33.3% CAGR during the forecast period 2017 to 2025. In 2016, the market was evaluated at US$ 1,926.4 Mn, and is further estimated to reach nearly US$ 30,000 Mn by 2025-end.
With growing market for mobile phones, wide utilization of mobile advertising is witnessed, coupled with surging demand for more sophisticated technology. Emergence of tools to monitor & measure relevant data on mobile devices is influencing bright prospects for programmatic mobile video. There has been a wide adoption of digital technologies & devices for innovation in business processes and revenue producing opportunities. In addition, several government and international events have generated an incremental online advertising spending, which in turn has influenced adoption of programmatic advertisements. The aforementioned factors are expected to fuel growth of the market during the forecast period. In addition, social media marketers are running more effective campaigns through automated buying, reaching precise audiences with highly relevant messages. This is further estimated to propel market growth.
North America is projected to be the largest market for programmatic advertising platform, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific (APAC). Market in this region will account for revenues worth US$ 1,683.30 Mn in 2017, and is further estimated to surpass US$ 13,000 Mn by 2025-end. However, Middle East & Africa (MEA) is anticipated to register fastest growth in the global programmatic advertising platform market, followed by Latin America.
Based on transaction mode, real-time bidding segment will remain preferred in the market during the forecast period. This transaction mode is expected to surpass US$ 16,000 Mn in revenues by 2025-end. In contrast, private marketplace transaction mode is projected to exhibit the fastest expansion at 46.7% CAGR through 2025. This segment is further estimated to create an incremental opportunity of US$ 5,787.71 Mn between 2017 and 2025.
By ad format, revenues generated by mobile video is expected to reach US$ 8.682.57 Mn by 2025, and is projected to register the highest CAGR in the market, followed by mobile display. In terms of revenues, desktop video will be the second largest ad format segment by 2025-end. On the basis of enterprise size, although large enterprises are expected to remain dominant over the market, SMBs are projected to register the fastest growth through 2025. PMR's report estimates large enterprises to expand from US$ 2,190.55 Mn in 2017 to more than US$ 16,000 Mn by 2025-end. SMBS are estimated to exhibit a CAGR of over 40% during the forecast period.
Key market players identified in PMR's report include AppNexus Inc., AOL Inc. (Verizon Communications Inc.), Yahoo! Inc., DataXu Inc., Adroll.com, Google Inc. (Doubleclick), Adobe Systems Incorporated, Rubicon Project Inc., Rocket Fuel Inc., MediaMath Inc., IPONWEB Holding Limited (BidSwitch), Between Digital, Fluct, Adform, The Trade Desk, Turn Inc., Beeswax, Connexity, Inc., Centro, Inc., RadiumOne, Inc.


Long term investments are extremely important for your future, whether you like to believe it or not. You may be young and earning big bucks now, but what happens when you retire and the cash stops flowing in? That time may seem like a zillion years away but it will come upon you sooner than you think. It is therefore essential to start thinking about long term investments and an exit strategy that works for you. Venture Giants is one such investment portal which will be of great use to you in planning and making a long term investment.
Why Do I Need A Long Term Investment?
There are many reasons why you should plan a long term investment now. One has already been mentioned. You definitely need to have a retirement fund to see you through the golden years of your life. As you grow older, your health will deteriorate and you may have medical conditions which will require a lot of expenditure. Yes, medical insurance is there to pay for some of it but you will still most likely need some extra cash to spend on your medical bills.
If you have children, you need to save for their education as well. Their school and college education depends on your ability to pay for them. With a long term investment, you can be assured of having enough cash to pay for their education as well. Once you realise the importance of long term investments, it is time to start looking at different options and choosing a plan that works the best for you.
When you are making an investment in any business enterprise, it is always important to have an exit strategy worked out. This exit strategy is in essence a plan of how to get out of a situation that is not desired. In simple terms, when you make an investment in a business, you should have a plan in place which will ensure that you will not make losses from that business, no matter what. This exit strategy usually involves selling the company to a major buyer in case there are signs of a loss of money.
Some companies also pay off their current investors but keep the business floating by inviting new investors. This is another type of investor exit strategy used quite often. As an investor, it is in your best interests to see what type of exit strategy is being planned by the group you are planning to invest in.
When it comes to planning for your future, there is no easy way out. It is important for you to search for the right investment plan with the best investor exit strategy. You may need some help in looking for the right long term investment plan. There are also a number of factors to consider before you do so.
You should decide on certain parameters before investing. These may include the age you will retire, the amount of money you would like to have when you retire and the amount of money you are able to put into the investment to attain that goal. Once you have these factors in place, you can go ahead and start your search for the ideal long term investment plan.
You may need professional help to find the best plan. An angel investment networking portal in UK such as Venture Giants would be able to give you many options to decide on the optimum investment plan.
It would be prudent for you to see which long term investment plan works for you in terms of the amount of money you need to invest. If you cannot invest a huge lump sum every year, maybe you can find something where you can put in cash in regular intervals, like monthly or half-yearly. This would ensure that there is no major burden on you at the present time. You can still enjoy your present while saving for your future.
Venture Giants is one of the best investment portals in UK. They have solutions for entrepreneurs and investors alike. You could use their services to search for and find the long term investment plan with the perfect investor exit strategy which works for you the best. They have a huge bank of business proposals and investment opportunities that you can fish from.
There are always pros and cons to everything and even investment plans do not escape that rule. The fact is that if you restrict to just one or two investment plans, you may not be able to attain your desired goal. You may need to invest in multiple plans in order to achieve the desired amount of money after your retirement. In that case you will need to keep track of all your plans and make sure they all have investor exit strategies that will be profitable to you in any situation. That may just take up a little extra time. Another mini hiccup is that you will not have access to the money in your long term investment plan until and unless the plan matures.
The advantages of a long term investment plan far outweigh the disadvantages of course. You will be assured of having enough money for yourself and your family even after you retire. You will not have to worry about being a burden to your children or anybody else for that matter. If you plan well and invest wisely, you will have enough for yourself and your children for as long as you live.
Planning a long term investment is something that will help you in the long run. You may have to put away some money at the present time, maybe give up on a few small luxuries, but it will all be worth it when you reach those twilight years. Just ensure that there is a good investor exit strategy along with the long term investment plan and you can rest easy.


MUD WTR, INC. is a business entity registered in the state of California under the legal form of FOREIGN STOCK. It can be found in the register by the DOS ID C4236560. The company was established and set into the register at 23rd January 2019 and its current status is ACTIVE. Location address of this company is at 11 NAVY STREET #102, ANGELES LOS, 90291, CA.
Entity Name MUD WTR, INC.
SYCAMORE PARK CARE CENTER, INC.
B & B FLYING SERVICE, INC.
PRECISION PAINT & DRYWALL, INC.
UNITED PACIFIC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
INTERNATIONAL PEACE OFFICERS STANDARDS OF TRAINING, INC.
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Interviewer: Doctor, we've talked about toxicity, and I think everybody is to some level toxic. What can we do in terms of detoxifying? Are there somesafer alternatives or methods?
Patrick Quillin, PhD, RD, CNS: Good point. There's very exotic ways of detoxifying. Chelation therapy, you go to your doctor and get an intravenous injection of DMPS, or something. But the basics are the most important. You start with a daily bowel movement. This is where, I think, most of the toxins get congested in the human body. So, regularity, through high fiber, through adequate plant food intake. Plenty of water intake. Clean water. We look at the synergism between these toxins, and what you find is that one plus one in toxins doesn't equal two. It equals 500. So they amplify each other's toxicity.
Regularity. Clean water. Filtered water. I'm not a big fan of bottled water. What you're doing is getting all this BPA. Bisphenol A is a contaminant in most soft plastics. And, so, you think of the 20 billion water bottles that are thrown into our dumpsite after the person drank the water that had some of the BPA residue in it. Drink clean water, out of glass or stainless steel.
And then we start talking about the basics. Sweating. The largest organ in the human body is the skin. Sweating on a daily basis excretes many of these toxins. And then we start thinking, "Well, don't take them in. Breathe clean air." If you live in a highly contaminated area, maybe it's time to move.
So detoxification doesn't have to be as exotic as this list of Chinese herbs, which can be useful. And there are some herbs that are extremely valuable. Some of the mushroom extracts that are very useful as detoxifying agents. But the basics are simple.


Johnny Lee Hale, 73, of Bartlesville, Oklahoma, left this world January 28, 2019, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Johnny was born in Gravelly, Arkansas, on August 31, 1945, to Belva Deaun and Wilma (Frizzell) Hale. He is preceded in death by his parents.
Johnny graduated high school in Fourche Valley, Arkansas, in 1963. After graduation, Johnny started working at Chemical Express, washing trucks and worked his way up to become a Master Diesel Mechanic.
On October 14, 1972, he married Louise Hagan and later separated in 2013. Johnny enjoyed spending time with his grandchildren and family. He also loved to fish and hunt. He enjoyed "tinkering" and building and believed he could make what ever was needed out of things that were useless to others.
Johnny is survived by: his wife, Louise and care-taker and family friend, Chuck Sepers; daughters, Tanya Hale-Williams and future daughter-in-law Julie Reeves and Kaina Hale-Ridley and her husband Ryan; son, Ethan Hale and Autumn Conley; all of Bartlesville; brother, Larry Hale, of Broken Arrow, Oklahoma; grandchildren, Jevend Williams, Madelyn Williams, Ryland Williams, Peyton Ridley, Brylee Ridley, Kelsea Ridley, and future grandchildren; David Cooper and Tanner Reeves.


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Carrie Luo is an associate in the corporate merger and acquisition group based in the firm's Boston office. She focuses her practices on advising public and privately held companies in the areas of mergers and acquisitions, private equity and venture capital, corporate governance, and general corporate law.
Prior to joining the Boston Office, Carrie worked at the firm's Shanghai office for five years where she advised multinational companies on cross-border mergers and acquisitions, direct investments, general corporate, and regulatory and compliance matters in China.
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See what a Lady was seen doing to a Goat which Sparked Reactions on Twitter
Social media users have taken to their handles to make Jest over a viral photo of a Lady who was caught on Camera maltreating her Goat. Well, Goat seems to be a Type of Domestic Animal most people don't usually Value as Pets. In Nigeria, people choose to have pets such as Dogs, Cats, Cows, and Tortoise, Rather than having A goat as a pet. In most cases, it takes A Courageous Person to keep a Goat as a Pet. However, here is a Photo of A Lady who allegedly Owns a Goat as Pet and As you can see from the picture
5 Animals Strangely Found Frozen In Ice
The case of animals frozen in ice might sound weird for people who are living in high-temperature areas. But for people living in low low-temperature areas, it is very common. Usually, these animals go about their normal activities in water I mistakenly fall inside in the water without noticing that the water is freezing and as a result, they get trapped in the freezing Waters.
1 year ago ago
Check Out Photos of Jabuticaba Tree, which Has Its Fruits Grow On The Trunk
Taking a quick glance at a photo of this strange-looking tree, you would probably think that it has ants creeping all over it. It might also look like a good idea to stay as far away as possible from this ant-infested-looking tree, but this is actually far from the case.
6 Major Regrets People Have In Their Old Age
There is a saying that, "Tortoise once mentioned that, any of his children that learns from its own failure rather than that of others, IS A FOOL. It further claimed that its REAL SON is that which heeds the LESSON FROM OTHERS MISTAKES." To not be like tortoise unwise child, but the wise ones, I made this post, so you could learn from the mistakes most aged ones made in life and regret dearly. Here are 6 major regrets most people have at their old age, know them and always remember them - don't fall victim.
Meet The Animal Specie That Can Live For 100 Years And Survive For Days After Its Head Is Cut Off
Animals generally belong to different species, and different species also have a variety of features that make them unique and stand out from the rest.In this article, we'll be considering an animal called Tortoise.
PET-ANIMALS
6 Pairs of Animals That Are Often Mistaken for One Another Because of Their Similarities!
The fact that there are thousands of different types of animals on earth makes it difficult to identify certain animals, much more, those that have striking resemblances! There are so many different pairs of animals that look so much alike, and one needs proper and closer examinations to identify them, and that's why they're often mistaken for one another! So, for the purpose of clarity and learning something new, I'll quickly talk about 6 Pairs of animals that are often mistaken for one another because of their
What Is Wrong With This Bush Meat That People Are Condemning Like This?
What Is Wrong With This Bush Meat That People Are Condemning it Like This? Bush meat is one of the meats that people cherished so much and can pay handsomely to buy. This is mostly because of their nutritional values. However it is not all bush meats that are acceptable to all cultures and traditions. What is good for tradition A may not be acceptable to tradition B, but there are some that are generally acceptable. For instance, I hardly see tribes that doesn't eat grasscutter likewise to Rabbit. But it
OTHERS-NATURAL-DISASTER
Meet Jonathan The World's Oldest Tortoise (188 Year Old Tortoise).
Jonathan was hatched in 1832. He is a Seychelles giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa), a subspecies of the Aldabra giant tortoise, and the oldest known living terrestrial animal in the world. Jonathan resides on the island of Saint Helena, a British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic Ocean. Former home. Jonathan former home was Saint Helena, Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. He was brought from there along with three other tortoises at about 50 years of age back in 1882. When a he was named.
See Pictures Of Village In Anambra State Where Killing Of Pythons, Tortoise Is Forbidden (Photos)
Aguluzigbo, Neni , Ichida, Adazi-Ani, Adazi-Enu, Adazi-Nnukwu, Akwaeze, Nri , Obeledu and Agulu are the towns that make up Anaocha local government area of Anambra State. Among these towns, Agulu stands apart tall, forcing and powerful. Agulu isn't just an extremely large town yet it is home to more than 300 crocodiles and water turtles living in a large body of water surrounded by land. This huge waterway is known as Agulu lake. Situated along Awka-Ekwulobia road, Umuowele town in Agulu town, Agulu lake lies
Some Great Quotes With Deep Meaning, Expand Your Knowledge
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This Tortoise was hit by a Car, see what the Doctors did to it. Photos
Good morning Readers, I hope your Day is going pretty Well. While Tortoise has always been dubbed the most wisest animal amongst all other Animals. So as Doctors have also been known as Life savers and also exhbited there Expertise . The Vetineray Doctors at a Vetineray Clinic in sokoto had an unplanned surgery, this Surgery was done on a Tortoise. This is what happened to the Tortoise. The 75 Years old Tortoise From Argungu, was Ran over by a Car (Toyota Hilux) the Effect of the Accident caused the Shell of
Check out Top 8 Animals that live for more than 400 years.
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Making An Ideal Meat From A Sea Turtle
This sea animal lives in the high sea. It can as well be seen as the mother of reptiles. Turtle is believe to lay more eggs which later hatch different species of reptiles. Sea Turtle is eaten by many people who finds it meat attractive and delicious. Sea Turtle feeds on other smaller see organisms and crayfish. Many fishermen do gut this reptile in their nets. The back of the Turtle is not as strong as that of the Tortoise. Turtle has a biscuitbone like abdomen. Is yet to be proven if Turtle is as trickish
Tortoise Is Not The Slowest Animal, See The World's Slowest Animal.
Growing up, I was taught that slowest in the animal kingdom, so few days back I decided to put that theory to test. I found out that a tortoise isn't as slow as I imagined, I mean their quite slow, but if you've seen a tortoise move before you'll see that their not so slow. After that, I did further research and found the slowest animal and made this article so you can be enlightened too. The Sloth is the slowest animal in the world and its name is actually a synonym of slow motion. It has an extremely low
Opinion: Do Not Approach This Year 2021 As A Rabbit, Rather Approach It As A Tortoise
Do you realize that the Animal called Rabbit who always run, jumps and move faster, only lives for fifteen years (15 years), while the Animal called Tortoise that do not run, jump and move fast, lives for about one hundred and fifty years (150 years) or more. From the lesson above, life is not all about rushing, doing the things others are doing and comparison. Rather, life is all about keeping calm and doing the right things whenever you are called. The both Animal Rabbit and the Tortoise may stay in the same
Fiction: Never look down on anyone
A Hare was making jest of the Tortoise one day for being so slow."Do you ever get anywhere?"he asked with a mocking laugh."Yes," replied the Tortoise, "and I get there sooner than you think.I'll run you a race and prove it."
See the 75-Year-Old Tortoise Involved In Accident In Kebbi, Doctors Try To Save The Life
Most people regards the life of an animal as nonessential, and due to such attitude they careless about there wellbeing and some have gone to the extent of hunting them for survival either for food purpose or to generate income. The life of Animals is dear to them the one we human being life is so precious and dearly to us. It is generally regarded that Tortoise is among the Animal that live a long lasting life on earth,they liver most time longer than human being in general. A tortoise life span could be 150
See how Doctors saved a 70-year-old Tortoise in Sokoto State.
Somewhere in Sokoto State, a well-aged tortoise from Argungu was accidentally hit by a motor car as it was crawling about. The tortoise is believed to be among the oldest animals in the country. One of the basic attributes of this animal is that it has a high lifespan more than human beings even. A tortoise can live to an average age of 30 to 100 years while some can live for as long as 200 years and more. Their longevity is as a result of their slow metabolism which enables them to exhaust little amount of
Short Story; The Hare and the Tortoise
The Hare and the Tortoise There once was a speedy Hare who bragged about how fast he could run. Tired of hearing him boast, the Tortoise challenged him to a race. All the animals in the forest gathered to watch. The Hare ran down the road for a while and then paused to rest. He looked back at the tortoise and cried out, "How do you expect to win this race when you are walking along at your slow, slow pace?" The Hare stretched himself out alongside the road and fell asleep, thinking, "There is plenty of time
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Q: Hessian for a function including a double summation I am new to mathematica and I really struggling at finding the hessian for this function:
$$U=\sum_{i=1}^{N-1}\sum_{j=i+1}^{N}\varphi(r_{ij}),$$
where
$\qquad r_{ij}=\sqrt{(x_i^1-x_j^1)^2+(x_i^2-x_j^2)^2+(x_i^3-x_j^3)^2}$
$\qquad \varphi =4\epsilon_{ij} \left[\left(\frac{\sigma_{ij}}{r_{ij}}\right)^{12}-\left(\frac{\sigma_{ij}}{r_{ij}}\right)^{6}\right]$
$(x_i^1,x_i^2,x_i^3)$ are the Cartezian coordinates in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $\epsilon_{ij}$ and $\sigma_{ij}$ are constants.
I looked at this answer, especially the second answer, but it is very complicated to follow. I don't understand the steps.
Any help is appreciated.
My try:
Format[r[i_, j_]] = Subscript[r, i, j]
Format[x[i_, m_]] = Subsuperscript[x, i, m]

r[i_, j_] = Sqrt[Sum[(x[i, m] - x[j, m])^2, {m, 1, 3}]]

Clear[U]
U =
  4*eps*Sum[Sum[(sig/r[i, j])^12 - (sig/r[i, j])^6, {j, i + 1, n}], {i, 1, n - 1}]

D[D[U, x[i, m]], x[j, l]]

A: The problem is that x[i,m] and x[j,l] do not appear in U, so the derivative is 0. You should use explicit values":
Table[D[U, x[i, a], x[j, b]], {a, 3}, {b, 3}]

By the way, a tip: the calculation you're trying to do can be easily calculated with pen an paper and going through Mathematica only makes thins more difficult. To make things concrete I'd use a definite value of n (say, 5) which will make Mathematica's work easier.


You can still own one of these first, last and only 2008 Gold Buffalo Proofs - but only if you act now!
Since 2006, the U.S. Mint has released an annual One-Ounce $50 Gold Buffalo, a near-exact replica of James Earle Fraser's classic 1913 Buffalo Nickel design struck in 99.99% pure gold. The year it was introduced, it was a ground-breaking first for the mint – surpassing even the U.S. Gold Eagle series' 91.7% gold content! The $50 Gold Buffalo proved so popular that two years after its initial release, the U.S. Mint issued three smaller, more affordable denominations – one-tenth, one-quarter and one-half ounce coins all struck in 24 karat gold! But, the opportunity to own one of these first-year fractional Gold Buffalos wouldn't last. 2008 would be their first and last appearance. And, as of today, they're the only fractional Gold Buffalos ever produced!
A classic American icon brought to life in 24K Gold! Just like the original Buffalo Nickel, these one-tenth ounce Gold Buffalo Proofs are a snapshot of America's "Old West," when outlaws galloped down from the hills to rob stagecoaches, banks and trains. It was a long-gone era by the time James Earle Fraser was commissioned to design a new 1913 nickel. But, Fraser reached back to his childhood memories to capture the perfect design and freeze it in time. The obverse features a composite portrait of three aged Native American Chiefs: John Big Tree, Two Moons and Iron Tail – George Armstrong Custer's opponent at Custer's Last Stand. On the reverse, Fraser chose to portray old Black Diamond, an American Bison then living in the Central Park Zoo in New York City. The new coin was quickly named the Buffalo Nickel, and quickly became a favorite in American pocket change! So, it's no wonder that the $50 Gold Buffalo was such a resounding success 97 years later. Or that the U.S. Mint chose to "spread the wealth" with more affordable fractional coins in 2008. But, time is running out to own these 2008 Gold Buffalos. Don't miss what could be your last opportunity to add one – or all three – of these first and last year fractional Gold Buffalo Proofs to your collection! Order now!


Family law is a complex area that involves many difficult and emotional issues, and child custody is one of the most difficult to resolve to everyone's satisfaction. While child custody problems are usually thought of as following from divorce, they can also arise in other circumstances, including adoption.
On Jan. 4, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal from a an out-of-state couple who were ordered to turn a child they had been caring for for more than two years over to her biological father on the basis of a federal law. The couple had raised the girl from the time she was born.
The girl's birth parents separated while the biological mother was pregnant, and her former fiancé renounced all parental rights in a text message. He later changed his mind when he found out that the girl had been put up for adoption. Citing the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act, he argued that since he is an American Indian, although his former fiancée is not, he was entitled to custody of the child.
The couple caring for the girl argued that they had been raising the girl from birth and were waiting for adoption procedures to be finalized, so they were entitled to custody under state law. Last July, South Carolina's Supreme Court disagreed with them in a 3-2 decision. One justice said she felt that she had to act within the bounds of the law but cast her vote with a "heavy heart." The Supreme Court is now expected to rule on the case by the end of June.
Anyone who is involved in a child custody dispute, or has obstacles placed in the way of adopting, should investigate what remedies are available to them under family law.