text:
A Technical Roofing Blog by Carlisle SynTec Systems
Featured Post January 8, 2020
Air and Vapor Barriers for Roofs
In 2012, the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) introduced the continuous air barrier requirement for new commercial construction. This meant that air and vapor barriers were now required for walls, and they must be tied to both the roofing assembly and the foundation. For years, many architects and designers only utilized an air and vapor barrier on the roof deck for high-humidity occupancies, such as swimming pools or food processing facilities. But the new requirement meant taking a hard look at the needs of all buildings and what a roof assembly could do for the building envelope. A single-ply membrane, as stated in the IECC and as tested utilizing the ASTM E2178 standard, qualifies as an air barrier and can satisfy the requirement for an air barrier on any given project. So why would you consider adding an additional air and vapor barrier to the roofing assembly? There are a couple of very simple reasons: Reason 1: Air Intrusion. While a properly installed roofing system will not allow air leakage (e.g., conditioned indoor air from exiting the building thermal envelope), it does allow air movement within the roof assembly. As the single-ply roof membrane is on the top of the assembly, indoor conditioned air can infiltrate into the roofing system and travel into the layers of insulation or cover boards. Why is this an issue? See Reason 2… Reason 2: Moisture Migration. Adding a deck-level air and vapor barrier is a great solution to prevent air intrusion and moisture migration. This also allows the wall air and vapor barrier to be tied together at the deck level, which allows the roof to be replaced more easily in the future. The contractor will not be modifying the continuous air barrier when re-roofing, as the roof is no longer that barrier. Carlisle SynTec provides many options for deck level air and vapor barriers: VapAir Seal MD for steel deck construction, direct to deck; VapAir Seal 725TR for Concrete Decks; VapAir Seal Flashing Foam for sealing around penetrations such as pipes; Go to the Air and Vapor Barriers Product Page on the Carlisle SynTec website for more information, specifications, and details. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with further questions.
Cold Weather Installation Tips Part 2 - Membranes and Insulation
As discussed in the previous SpecTopic, "Cold Weather Installation Tips Part 1 - Low-VOC Bonding Adhesives and Primers", specifying and handling of building envelope products is challenging during the colder winter months. Single-ply membranes and rigid insulation boards need some extra consideration, as they can be adversely affected by outside temperatures. For starters, all membranes will need time to "relax" after being unrolled from the original packaging; this applies to EPDM, TPO, PVC and KEE HP. It is also suggested that membrane widths be limited to a maximum of 10 feet for adhered roofing systems. Treat flashing products and accessories as you would adhesives and primers, by utilizing heated storage enclosures or "hot boxes". This practice is strongly recommended when ambient temperatures are expected to fall below 40°F for an extended period of time. In all applications, but especially in cold conditions, insulation and underlayments must be stored so that they are kept dry and protected from the elements. Insulations should be stored on a skid, covered with a breathable tarp, and weighted to prevent wind damage. In winter months, ice and frost can form on the membrane. This can be difficult to see and can remain on the roof well into the day, especially on white membranes. This can be especially hazardous when working near the edge of the roof. Additionally, frost on metal edges and copings can create a very slick surface and cause ladders to slide and shift. Never step onto a metal coping when it is frost- or snow-covered. So for your next cold weather specification for single-ply membranes and rigid board insulation, include some installation precautions as mentioned. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with further questions.
Cold Weather Installation Tips Part 1 – Low-VOC Bonding Adhesives and Primers
As temperatures fall and winter approaches, specifying and handling building envelope products – especially adhesives and primers – becomes a concern. Low-VOC adhesives and primers contain more water than standard adhesives and primers and can be adversely affected by outside temperatures. When specifying a low-VOC bonding adhesive or primer for a winter installation time frame, make sure to include information in the specification regarding cold weather application. This should include heated storage enclosures, or "hot boxes", for jobsite adhesive storage. This practice is strongly recommended when ambient temperatures are expected to fall below 40°F for an extended period of time. Adhesives and primers should be stored in locations where temperatures are between 60°F and 80°F. While working with adhesives, they should be rotated in hot boxes to ensure the temperature of the product stays above 40°F. Adhesives may appear gelled or lumpy when left for extended periods of time at temperatures below 40°F. If this occurs, return the material to room temperature for a minimum of 24 hours prior to use. In all applications, but especially in colder conditions, make sure you achieve the proper coverage rates for the adhesive or primer being used. Following coverage rates for Low-VOC adhesives and primers allows proper flash-off and reduces the trapped solvents which could lead to membrane blistering. For applications in very cold temperatures, Flexible FAST™ Adhesive may be necessary. Flexible FAST is a two-part polyurethane foam adhesive which is spray-applied and used with a fleece-backed single-ply membrane. The advantage of this system is that it can be sprayed using 15- or 50-gallon drums of Part A and Part B, which can be heated using drum or band heaters. This allows the material to stay warmer during application and lowers the minimum application temperature to 25°F. So for your next cold weather specification of Low-VOC adhesives and primers, include some installation precautions as mentioned. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with further questions.
NFPA 285: A Look at 2015 IBC Exemptions
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 285 is a wall assembly fire test referenced by the International Building Code (IBC). This test requirement applies to Non-Combustible Construction, Types I, II, III, and IV. The use of this testing requirement is outlined in Chapters 14 and 26 of IBC, with exceptions added in the 2015 version of IBC. Two other fire tests are referenced in Chapters 14 and 26 as well: ASTM E84 "Test Methods for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials" and ASTM E1354 "Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter". Several CCM products in the category of Water Resistive Barriers and Plastic Foam Insulation meet the exceptions in 2015 IBC, which means they would not trigger the need for an NFPA 285 test, but keep in mind that many CCM products have passed this assembly test with many other product combinations. Examples of products which would meet the exemption for Chapter 14 in 2015 IBC are R2+ SHEATHE, which is a foil-faced Polyisocyanurate wall board, and R2+ MATTE, which is a Class A Coated Glass Faced Polyisocyanurate wall board. Examples of products which would meet the exemption for Chapter 26 in 2015 IBC are Barrithane VP, a fluid-applied, vapor-permeable membrane at 20-mil and 40-mil cured thickness and 705FR-A, a rubberized asphalt composite membrane. Both of these products meet the ASTM E84 thresholds of ≤25 Flame Spread and ≤450 Smoke Development and ASTM E1354 threshold of 50 kW/m2. So for your next wall assembly, verify that your product meets the exemption or choose a product which has passed NFPA 285 testing for your specific wall assembly. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with further questions.
Ballasted Roofs – A New Look at an Old System
While ballasted roof systems aren't as popular today as they used to be, they are still being installed successfully across the country. Stone-ballasted roof systems began appearing sometime in the early 1970s. While they appear superficially similar to built-up roofing (BUR), there are major differences between the two systems. Both are topped with rocks, but BUR uses a thin layer of pea gravel or crushed stone no larger than a quarter-inch diameter partially embedded into the asphalt topcoat to protect it from the sun's UV rays. In a ballasted roof, the stones are much larger - at least an inch in diameter - and applied much more heavily. In fact, the weight of the stone ballast is what holds the roof components in place. The weight can vary from 10 pounds per square foot (the minimum allowed by code) to 25 pounds or more. The most common ballasted assembly was a loose-laid EPDM membrane over a rigid insulation board. By the 1980s, designers were integrating concrete pavers into ballasted roof designs, creating access paths, pedestrian walkways, and even rooftop plazas. When the green building movement came along in the late 1990s, it was natural to transition the ballast from stone to soil, creating vegetated or "green" roofs. Ballasted roofs are loose-laid; this means the contractor can assemble all the components, including the roofing membrane and insulation, without fastening them to each other or the roof deck. Membrane seams are sealed, of course, and the waterproofing layer is secured to the parapet and at roof penetrations, but it isn't adhered to the roof deck or the layers beneath it. By eliminating nearly all the adhesives and fasteners other assemblies require, ballasted roofs typically cost less and are quicker to install than other systems. EPDM is popular because it can be ordered in large sheet sizes, which minimizes seaming. TPO and PVC are also popular as single-ply roofing membranes under ballast. For designers, ballasted roofs provide a natural-looking surface that blends well with a range of architectural styles. With paver-ballasted designs, the roof can become a plaza, patio, or other usable outdoor space suitable for recreation, walking, or relaxation. For the building owner, ballasted roofs are durable and long lasting. Stones or concrete pavers protect the waterproofing layer from UV rays, hail, and foot traffic. If repairs are needed, the loose-laid layers are easily taken up. And at the end of the roof's designed lifespan, the lack of adhesives ensures the membrane will be fully recyclable. Advantages Economy: Ballasted roofs use economical materials and are among the fastest to install. In fact, they have one of the lowest lifecycle costs of any roofing system on the market today. Scheduling: These roofs can be installed in a wide range of weather and temperature conditions, and close in the building envelope faster than most other systems. For occupied buildings, there are no offensive smells associated with the install. Aesthetics: Ballast can vary from large round cobblestones to pavers. This natural look is appealing to many building owners and architects. Rock can be combined with pavers to provide a variety of textures and utilitarian purposes. Amenity Space: With proper planning, ballasted roofs are suitable for plaza decks, walking paths, recreation areas, and other uses. Energy Efficiency: Ballasted roofs reduce heating and cooling loads. A system with a weight of 17 pounds per square foot saves as much energy as an ENERGY STAR-rated reflective roof. Fireproof: Stone and concrete are virtually fireproof, so ballasted roofs provide the highest fire rating available. Class-A fire resistance can be achieved without gypsum board underlayments or expensive fire-retardant chemicals. Durable: The stone or concrete pavers also provide protection from UV rays, hail, foot traffic, and extreme temperature fluctuations. Ease of Repair: Removal and re-installation of the ballast and insulation is easy, and both can be reused. No adhesives or fasteners are used, so it's easy to separate the components. Even in a complete replacement of the waterproofing membrane, the ballast stone or concrete pavers can be reinstalled. Recyclable: Most of the components are reusable and/or recyclable. Rocks, pavers, and rigid insulation board can be reused. The unadhered membrane is easy to remove and recycle. Stormwater Management: Green roofs and other options like Carlisle's Stormwater Retention Option can retain as much as 65% of the rainwater that falls during a storm. This can help owners and developers reduce fees. Consult the EPDM Specification on the Carlisle SynTec Website here or consult the Ballasted Stormwater Retention Brochure here or contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] for further questions.
Electronic Leak Detection for Roofing Systems
A building's roofing system separates the damaging outdoor environment from the valuable interior contents. To be effective, it must be watertight. Although roof systems are inspected and sometimes flood tested prior to warranty issuance, small, difficult-to-see breaches in the membrane system can go unnoticed until damaging water leaks occur inside the building. Moreover, once a leak has developed it can be extremely difficult to locate the leak and perform the necessary repair, especially when overburden materials are installed. Enter Electronic Leak Detection, otherwise known as ELD. ELD systems have been around for 20+ years and are gaining popularity due to some revolutionary new products that have expanded testing capabilities. ELD systems come in two main varieties: low-voltage and high-voltage, with low-voltage being the most common. ELD systems work by creating an electrical potential difference between a non-conductive roof membrane and a grounded conductive structural deck or substrate. Testing is performed by applying water, which is conductive, to the surface of the roof membrane. The roof membrane will isolate the potential electrical difference between the deck and the water, but when a breach is present, the water will create an electrical connection to the grounded deck, pinpointing the exact leak location to the testing technician. A major benefit of ELD testing is that it can be performed at any time, even after overburden materials are installed. For ELD systems to be effective, a conductive substrate must be present directly below the membrane's surface. Due to this requirement, membrane choice and application method can be limited. Two ELD companies that Carlisle has experience with are International Leak Detection (ILD) and Detec Systems. Products from either of these companies are permitted for use in a Carlisle warranted roof system but are not covered in the Carlisle warranty. ILD has been around since 2001 and promotes a conductive mesh that must be installed directly below the membrane for accurate testing of membrane systems over non-conductive decks. Due to the design of the conductive mesh, it is only acceptable for use under thermoplastic FleeceBACK® membranes adhered with FAST™ or Flexible FAST Adhesive. Detec Systems promotes a conductive primer called TruGround® that is roller-applied over the top layer of insulation, prior to adhesive application. Once dried, the membrane system can be installed as usual. TruGround conductive primer expands ELD testing capabilities, as it is suitable for use with bareback membranes and even black EPDM, which historically has not been compatible with ELD testing. Carlisle SynTec Systems has secured FM approvals for Detec's TruGround in a number of different roofing assemblies. Those assemblies include: EPDM and TPO with CAV-GRIP® III adhesive over SecurShield®, SecurShield HD, DensDeck® Prime, and SECUROCK®. PVC with Low-VOC Bonding Adhesive over InsulBase®, SecurShield, SecurShield HD, and SecurShield HD Plus. Contact Chris Kann with questions regarding ELD systems.
Fire Performance of Polyiso
All construction materials, including foam plastics such as polyiso insulation, must provide a suitable margin of fire safety. Polyiso possesses a high level of inherent fire resistance when compared to other foam plastic insulations due to its unique structure of strong isocyanurate chemical bonds. These bonds result in improved high-temperature resistance (up to 390°F [199°C], more than twice that of other building insulation foams) which in turn leads to enhanced fire resistance. In addition, because polyiso does not melt or drip when exposed to flame, but rather forms a protective surface char, its fire resistance is further enhanced, especially in terms of flame spread and flashover potential. Polyiso passes both the ANSI UL 1256 and FM 4450 fire tests without a thermal barrier. Polyiso, a thermoset material, stays intact during fire exposure in the ASTM E84 or "Tunnel Test." It forms a protective char layer and remains in place during the test, thereby meeting all building code requirements and contributing to a fire-safe building. For more information on polyiso's performance in fire tests, visit the 'Technical Bulletins' page on the PIMA (Polyiso Manufacturers Association) Website where you can find the following papers: Technical Bulletin 103: Fire Performance in Walls and Ceilings Discusses polyiso insulation as it relates to building codes in construction and fire tests in walls and ceilings, including ASTM E84 and ASTM E119. Technical Bulletin 104: Fire Performance in Roof Systems Provides an overview of polyiso insulation requirements for roof systems and key issues in fire performance, including the importance of the FM 4450 Calorimeter Tests and the UL 1256 Resistance to Interior Spread of Flame test. Technical Bulletin 105: Fire Test Definitions Provides an in-depth look at fire test procedures for building applications. Technical Bulletin 111: Class A and Class 1 Roof Assemblies Are Not the Same Explains why Class 1 and Class A are not the same. Technical Bulletin 111C: Roofing Regulations in Canada – Class A and Class 1 Roof Assemblies Are Not the Same Explains why Class 1 and Class A are not the same. Technical Bulletin 405: Fire Resistance Properties of Polyiso Foam Plastic Insulation Used in Wall Assemblies – Facts and Comparisons Looks at the minimum fire resistance properties required for foam plastic insulation and compares data on polyiso with other recognized combustible materials. Product Stewardship Paper 100: Polyiso Insulation and Flame Retardants New Product Stewardship report on polyiso and flame retardants. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with questions.
Alternative Uses for Roofing Membranes
All single-ply membranes make for great roofing systems, but they can be used for a variety of other purposes too. EPDM, TPO, and PVC can be used in the lining of underground tunnels and can serve as liners for water retention ponds, irrigation canals, and other water containment systems. For years, EPDM membranes were used as pond liners – even before they were utilized for commercial roofing. You could see EPDM pond liners being used in agriculture for irrigation canals and ditches, by municipal water systems for retention ponds and spillways, and even in backyards as small ponds and water features. This is still true today, and EPDM has expanded into additional markets such as tunnel waterproofing. The number of large underground transportation tunnels used for vehicle traffic or metropolitan railways has certainly increased in the last few decades as traffic and access needs continue to outstrip the supply of existing infrastructure. These tunnels have to keep water out, whether they're underneath a river or traversing through a mountain, and single-ply membranes meet their waterproofing needs with the same technology used on the roof. Different types of membrane offer specific benefits, from EPDM's large sheet size to thermoplastics' (TPO/PVC) seam weldability. Regardless of whether the tunnel is a boring project or a "cut and cover", lining the tunnel can be accomplished using several different installation methods and can utilize EPDM, TPO, or PVC. For more information, please consult the links for the products or specifications on the Carlisle SynTec website below. Tunnels – Conventional Blindside Method Consult the Tunnel Waterproofing System – Conventional Specification and Details on the Carlisle SynTec website. Tunnels – Cut and Cover Method Consult the Tunnel Waterproofing System – Cut and Cover Specification and Details on the Carlisle SynTec website. Pond Liners Consult GeoMembrane Page for Pond Liner Products and Brochures on the Carlisle SynTec website. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with questions.
Understanding FM 1-52
There are two recognized field test methods for determining uplift resistance of adhered membrane roof systems, both of which can be problematic: ASTM E907, "Standard Test Method for Field Testing Uplift Resistance of Adhered Membrane Roofing Systems," and FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-52 (FM 1-52), "Field Verification of Roof Wind Uplift Resistance." Both test methods provide for affixing a 5' x 5' dome-like chamber to the roof's surface and applying a defined negative (uplift) pressure inside the chamber to the roof system's exterior-side surface using a vacuum pump, like in the photo below. An example of a test chamber used for negative-pressure uplift testing However, ASTM E907 and FM 1-52 differ notably in their test cycles and maximum test pressures for determining roof system deflections and whether a roof system passes or is "suspect". Using ASTM E907, a roof system is "suspect" if the deflection measured during the test is 25 mm (about 1 inch) or greater. Using FM 1-52, a roof system is "suspect" if the measured deflection is between ¼ of an inch and 15/16 of an inch, depending on the maximum test pressure; 1 inch where a thin cover board is used; or 2 inches where a thin cover board or flexible, mechanically attached insulation is used. Test results' reliability The reliability of the results derived from ASTM E907 and FM 1-52 is a concern, especially when the tests are used for quality assurance purposes. A note in ASTM E907 acknowledges its test viability. "Deflection due to negative pressure will potentially vary at different locations because of varying stiffness of the roof system assembly. Stiffness of a roof system assembly, including the deck, is influenced by the location of mechanical fasteners, thickness of insulation, stiffness of deck, and by the type, proximity, and rigidity of connections between the deck and framing system." For example, when testing an adhered roof system over a steel roof deck, placement of the test chamber relative to the deck supports (bar joists) can have a significant effect on the test results. If positioned between deck supports, the test chamber's deflection gauge will measure roof assembly deflection at the deck's midspan, which is the point of maximum deck deflection. Also, in many instances, field-uplift testing results in steel roof deck overstress and deck deflections far in excess of design values, which can result in roof system failure. These situations can result in false "suspect" determinations of a roof system. Industry position/recommendations Because of the known variability in test results using ASTM E907 and FM 1-52 and the lack of correlation between laboratory uplift-resistance testing and field-uplift testing, the roofing industry considers field-uplift testing to be inappropriate for use as a post-installation quality-assurance measure for membrane roof systems. Conclusion FM 1-52 is an FM Global-promulgated evaluation method and not a recognized industry-consensus test standard. The scope of FM 1-52 indicates that it's only intended to confirm acceptable wind-uplift resistance on completed roof systems in hurricane-prone regions, where a partial blow-off has occurred, or where inferior roof system construction is suspected or known to be present. FM 1-52 was originally published by FM Global in October 1970. The negative-pressure uplift test was added in August 1980 and has been revised several times. The current edition is dated July 2012 and includes an option for "visual construction observation (VCO)" as an alternative to negative-pressure uplift testing. VCO provides for full-time, third-party monitoring to verify roof system installation is in accordance with contract documents. For more information, contact Craig Tyler.
LEED, Green Globes, and Living Building Challenge
For years, "going green" initiatives have been popping up in all aspects of our lives. In the construction industry, there are three main programs pushing buildings to be greener: LEED®, Green Globes, and Living Building Challenge (LBC). All three of these programs push for more sustainable buildings, but each takes a different approach to accomplish this goal. In this SpecTopics post, we will look at some of the differences between these three programs. Put simply, LEED and Green Globes are working toward making buildings more sustainable by improving existing standards, while LBC takes things a step further and promotes buildings that have little to no negative impact on the environment. Overall Mission LEED wants to make buildings better for the environment, community, and those who use the building Green Globes wants to make buildings more environmentally efficient based on commonly valued environmental outcomes LBC promotes buildings that have a positive environmental impact Certification Methods/Requirements LEED Points-based rating system (100 points possible) Four levels of certification: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum Green Globes Points-based rating system (1,000 points possible) Four levels of certification: 1 Globe, 2 Globes, 3 Globes, 4 Globes LBC Seven petals (like those of a plant or flower) broken down into 20 imperatives; number of petals/imperatives completed determines award Three awards are available (based on which path you take) A Zero Carbon Certification and a Zero Energy Certification are available Main Points of Focus LEED Location & Transportation, Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy & Atmosphere, Material & Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Innovation, Regional Priority, and Integrative Process Green Globes Project Management, Site Energy, Water, Materials & Resources, Emissions, Indoor Environment LBC Place, Water, Energy, Health & Happiness, Materials, Equity, and Beauty
Solar Ready Roofing
As designers and architects try to meet green construction or net-zero energy goals, on-site power generation in the form of photovoltaic (PV) arrays is becoming more and more common. Preparing your roof to accept a PV system in the future is also increasingly commonplace. In general, robust roofs with extended warranties are the best candidates for PV systems. While a normal roof may only experience light foot traffic from the building owner or maintenance personnel a few times a year, a PV installation may need more frequent inspections (i.e. after significant storms or heavy snowfall, monitoring, etc.). So starting out with a thicker membrane, a cover board, and walkway pads are a must. It's important that the PV array does not interfere with the roof's drainage. This may mean some of the array will have to be supported by structural steel tubing or piping in lieu of traditional racking (which may rest on the roof utilizing ballast). It's important to leave room for roofers to inspect or repair seams and flashings, so it may be necessary to raise the height of the array as not to obstruct roof penetrations. Always verify the type of PV array system to be installed on your roof and coordinate with your local Carlisle Field Service Representative (FSR) to assess the new or existing roof's condition prior to beginning any work. Consult the SOLAReady Specification on the Carlisle SynTec website at or contact Craig Tyler with questions.
Design Wind Speed and Warranty Wind Speed
We've already discussed wind uplift design in a previous SpecTopics post (FM 1-90 vs. ASCE 7); this post will help you understand how those wind speed numbers relate to wind speed warranties. To calculate wind uplift for a roofing project, you'll need to determine the building type and local wind speed. In gathering this information, some designers look at the American Society of Civil Engineers' ASCE 7 Wind Maps for their area, see a number like 90- or 120-mph, and think that is the wind speed their building will encounter. Therefore, they specify the same speed for their warranty (i.e. 120 mph local speed means I need a 120-mph wind speed warranty). Rest assured, this is not the case. ASCE 7 maps have contours with the local speeds in 10 mph increments. ASCE 7-2005 and ASCE 7-2010 were relatively straightforward; most of the U.S. was in a 90-mph zone. However, in 2016 ASCE deemed it necessary to have separate maps for each building risk category (Category I, II, III, and IV). This increased the wind speeds for most of the country, especially for projects with increased risk categories. Naturally, designers saw this increase and thought that since the local wind speed was increasing, they needed to ask for increased wind speed warranties. (i.e. 130 mph or more). Again, this is not the case. It's true that warranted wind speed is the limit of 3-second peak gust recorded at the weather station nearest your building project, measured at 10 meters above the ground, during a weather event that affects your building project. But to achieve wind speeds over 90 mph, a cyclonic windstorm (tornado, hurricane, etc.) is generally necessary. If your building experiences a cyclonic windstorm, there will be flying debris, broken glazing, and other envelope breaches that could cause roof failure (over-pressurizing the building, detachment of decking from structural components, etc.). This would not be covered under a roofing warranty, regardless of the wind speed coverage. Keep in mind that a roofing warranty assumes that the building remains intact, the decking remains solid, the inside pressure of the building is generally equalized, and foot traffic is limited to maintenance and inspection of rooftop equipment. It is not building insurance. Like fires and vandalism, critical weather events such as tornadoes and hurricanes are covered by the building owner's insurance carrier. Choose a warranted wind speed that makes sense for you and your client, but you don't need to match that with your local wind speed. You'll just be paying more for something you don't need. Always verify your need for increased warranty wind speed before inquiring about matching your local wind speed with the warranty. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with questions.
Moisture in Concrete - Part 1
This post focuses on the moisture phenomenon in concrete and the difference between lightweight and normal-weight structural concrete. Curing versus drying and the standards used to determine relative humidity levels are also addressed. Part II will address design recommendations and roof assembly selection. Moisture in Newly Poured Structural Concrete Roof Decks When investigating roofs for leaks, invariably, moisture is found beneath the roof membrane. However, the source of moisture is not always a roof leak. Newly poured structural concrete could be a contributor to the presence of moisture beneath a new or a replacement roof. Concrete is a mixture of several components that reaches its optimum strength through a chemical reaction induced by water. Concrete needs water to allow for flowability and workability, however, water also has adverse effects. Once the concrete has cured, the remaining water is considered "free water", or moisture which is no longer consumed by the curing process. Rain and snow add moisture to exposed concrete roof decks and further prolong the drying. As an example, a 4" slab of structural concrete contains as much as 200 gallons of free water per 1,000 square feet. Structural Concrete Mix Ratio The ratio for both normal-weight and lightweight structural concrete (LWSC) is generally the same: •10-15% cement •60-75% aggregate (fine and coarse) •15-20% water The difference is in the aggregate; the lightweight aggregate is pre-saturated prior to mixing. The lightweight aggregate, which is made up of shale, slate slag, or clay, can absorb 5-25% of its mass. Normal-weight structural concrete, however, utilizes aggregates such as sand and stone, which are not as porous and do not need to be wetted before adding to the mix. The popularity of LWSC is increasing due to: •Lower building structural cost; •Lesser density for reduced dead loads; and •Environmental and sustainability claims. Drying Time To reach a 75% relative humidity for normal-weight structural concrete, it will take approximately three months. However, achieving the same 75% relative humidity for LWSC will take twice as long. According to the Portland Cement Association, the dry-down time for LWSC is more than normal-weight structural concrete. Standards for Moisture Testing For many years, the roofing industry has used a curing time of 28 days after the concrete is poured. However, there are test methods published by ASTM for determining the moisture content in concrete. Qualitative tests, such as the plastic sheet test and electrical resistance and/or impedance are good indicators of the presence of moisture in a given area but are not as accurate as quantitative tests. Quantitative tests, such as the moisture vapor emission rate test, surface humidity, or in-situ relative humidity tests demonstrate levels of moisture present in the concrete. The recommended quantitative test is the in-situ relative humidity test (ASTM F2170), in which a sleeved probe is placed in a drilled hole in the concrete and left in place for 24 hours. After the 24 hours, an electronic reader is attached, and the information is read directly from the sensor. The relative humidity reading should be less than 80% at a depth of approximately 40% of the thickness of the slab. The moisture values and test duration stated above have been slightly modified to better suit outdoor roof conditions. Site Considerations The concrete pour schedule can affect moisture testing and provide inaccurate moisture values. Therefore, in phased construction, the field testing and the roofing installation should be aligned with the concrete pour schedule and ICRI-Certified Concrete Inspectors should be commissioned. For in-depth information, the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) offers various resources that can aid with the proper steps required for testing and evaluation. Stay tuned for part II for recommendations on design and the selection of an appropriate roofing assembly.
An Alternative to Metal Roofing: Special Color TPO with Contour Ribs
An Alternative to Metal Roofing: Special Color TPO with Contour Ribs Carlisle's TPO Contour Rib Profile offers the look of a standing seam metal roof with the performance of a TPO single-ply membrane. Each section of Contour Rib Profile is manufactured from the same weather-resistant compound as TPO membrane and enhanced with fiberglass for added dimensional stability. The product's rectangular shape provides exceptional shadow lines for aesthetic appeal. TPO Contour Rib Profile Quick Facts Available colors: White, Gray, Tan, Terra Cotta, Patina Green, Slate Gray, Rock Brown, and Medium Bronze. Size: Each section is 1 1/4" tall, 2 1/8" wide (including welding flanges), and 10' long; the vertical profile is 3/8" thick with a 1/8" alignment hole and a 1/8" fiberglass reinforcing cord. Packaging: 20 pieces per carton, each carton includes 25 connecting pins. Special-Color TPO Program Quick Facts - Carlisle has the industry's most comprehensive special-color TPO program, with membranes and accessories in Medium Bronze, Patina Green, Rock Brown, Terra Cotta, and Slate Gray. - There are no minimum order quantities. - The following TPO products are available in the five special colors. 1. 60-mil standard reinforced TPO membrane – 5' x 100' and 10' x 100' rolls. • 10' x 100' rolls – limited quantities stocked in Mississippi; large orders may require a one- to two-week lead time. • 5' x 100' rolls – require a short lead time; customers must order an even number of rolls. 2. 24" Non-Reinforced TPO Flashing – limited quantities stocked in Mississippi; large orders may require a one- to two-week lead time. 3. TPO Contour Rib Profile – limited quantities stocked in Mississippi; large orders may require a one- to two-week lead time. 4. TPO Coated Metal – made to order; requires a one- to two-week lead time. 5. 115-mil 12' x 100' FleeceBACK® TPO – manufactured at the beginning of each calendar quarter (January, April, July, October) to fulfill all orders that are in-hand by the 15th of the previous month (March 15, June 15, September 15, December 15). You can combine Contour Ribs with special-color TPO to create a simulated metal roof in Medium Bronze, Patina Green, Rock Brown, Terra Cotta, or Slate Gray. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with questions.
Building Envelope Educational Courses, Tools, and Materials
The demand for high-performance building envelope systems is on the rise. Energy codes such as ASHRAE 90.1 and the IECC continue to increase requirements aimed at creating more energy efficient and environmentally friendly designs. Some of these increasing code requirements involve the addition of continuous air barriers, as well as continuous insulation to wrap the entire building. Architects, specification writers, and designers have the almost impossible task of staying up-to-date on new code requirements, understanding how and why changes were made, and accurately and appropriately incorporating these changes into their designs. Over the last several decades, Carlisle Construction Materials (CCM) has become the premier single-source supplier of building envelope materials, including single-ply roofing, air and vapor barriers, waterproofing membranes, insulation, metal products, and more. Therefore, CCM is focused on educating and assisting design professionals through training courses, as well as helpful tools and materials, to minimize the learning curve experienced by architects when code changes occur. Here's some information on CCM's newest educational courses, tools, and materials to help you stay at the forefront of building envelope designs. Education is paramount to the success of building envelope projects, which is why CCM offers free courses to design professionals on various building envelope design considerations. CCM's "Pushing the Envelope: Going Beyond Conceptual Design" is a 300-level, AIA-accredited course that explores proper product selection, material performance characteristics, test procedures, and best practices as they relate to building envelope systems. It is available online as a self-guided course here or you can request a face-to-face presentation here. CCM's newest course, "Building Envelope Design – Understanding Codes, Best Practices, and Tie-in Detailing", is a 400-level, AIA-accredited course available exclusively as a face-to-face presentation. This course helps raise awareness of code requirements as they relate to building envelope components and systems, with a focus on the all-important tie-in detailing needed to provide an air tight building. Common material misconceptions are also discussed. For more information on CCM's Building Envelope Design course, or to request an face-to-face presentation, click here. As energy code requirements increase the need for air barriers and continuous insulation, questions about fire safety may arise. In most cases, the International Building Code (IBC) requires compliance with NFPA 285, which is the Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components. Carlisle Coatings and Waterproofing (CCW) offers both an online tool and mobile app that allow you to build an NFPA 285-approved assembly. When finished, a submittal document is created for the wall you designed, and this document can be provided to your building code official if your design is ever called into question. To build your NFPA 285 wall assembly, click here or download the app by searching "NFPA Guide" on the AppStore, GooglePlay, and Amazon. Since continuous air barriers became a requirement of energy codes, building designers have been given the difficult task of determining material compatibility and proper tie-in sequencing of dissimilar systems. CCM's breadth of building envelope materials allows for the internal vetting of material compatibility, taking away the guesswork typically required from designers. CCM's NVELOP details are easy to read and understand, illustrating the most common material combinations along with step-by-step installation instructions to create the continuous air seal required by energy codes. NVELOP details can be downloaded from the NVELOP website here. CCM is unique in its ability to provide a wide range of materials from a single source. Similarly, NVELOP is unique in its ability to provide a single-source warranty for the tie-ins between dissimilar CCM systems. However, the uniqueness of CCM and NVELOP can make specifying for public bid projects complicated. To address these difficulties, CCM developed the MasterFormat Specification Sell Sheet with instructions on how to write CCM and NVELOP as the basis of design in public bid project specifications, while keeping them open for competition. To download CCM's NVELOP MasterFormat Specification Sell Sheet, click here. NVELOP is unique in its ability to provide warranty coverage for tie-ins between dissimilar CCM materials. Traditionally, applying for and receiving a warranty for tie-ins was either impossible or extremely difficult and involved lots of paperwork and time. NVELOP eliminates these issues with an easy online warranty application process. Once the individual CCM system warranties are purchased and received, visit NVELOP's warranty application portal here and fill in the appropriate information. If you have questions about any of these building envelope tools, please contact Chris Kann at [email protected]
FM 1-90 vs. ASCE 7
Wind uplift design for roofing can seem daunting to the uninitiated. But with a little help from online tools, it can be much more straightforward. Wind uplift is calculated for all buildings using formulas, tables, and wind maps developed by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in their publication ASCE 7-2016. With a project's location, building use/occupancy, building height, and roof plan, there are a number of online tools you can use to determine the wind uplift required for your building. The calculator used by the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) can be found at http://www.roofwinddesigner.com/. Once the uplift pressures for your building are determined, you must choose a design for your building that meets these pressures. Roofing manufacturers list their system designs through the DORA Directory of Roof Assemblies https://www.dora-directory.com/ or through Factory Mutual Global's RoofNav® https://www.roofnav.com/Account/Login. The DORA Directory lists roofing assemblies based on uplift testing that various manufacturers have received through third-party verification, while FM's RoofNav lists roofing assemblies that have been tested through FM Global's own testing facility. Roofing assemblies that meet the minimum uplift requirements per ASCE 7-16 will meet the International Building Code (IBC); however, FM Global ratings may require additional enhancements based on their own calculations. The more stringent guidelines are due to the fact that FM Global is an insurance company and they approve designs before they issue coverage for a particular building. While FM 1-90 is a rating used by FM Global-insured buildings as a standard for their insurance coverage, the calculation of wind load for a particular building using ASCE 7 calculations is the basis for designing a roof meeting the IBC for all buildings, whether or not they are insured by FM Global. Meeting the standard for FM 1-90 will result in higher pressures in the perimeter and corners than using the ASCE 7 method, thereby increasing the cost of the construction of the roof. Changing these requirements at a later date or finding out your project does not require FM ratings may cause confusion during the bidding process and could result in higher bids. Always verify your need for FM Global before proceeding with wind load design. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with questions.
Misconceptions About Permeance in Wall Air Barriers
In moderate climate regions, and especially in southern states, specifiers are often tasked with selecting an air barrier that is vapor permeable. In many cases, they are advised by product manufacturers' reps that products with a higher perm rating will deliver better performance. Various manufacturers have used this tactic to drive the sale of their products and limit competition. To counter this misleading marketing technique, it is imperative to understand permeance, how it relates to vapor retarder classification, and what it all means in terms of building performance. Permeance indicates the rate of water vapor transmission through a material and is dependent on the material's thickness, much like R-value in heat transmission. Permeance is often abbreviated to "perm", which is the unit of measure used for vapor retarder classifications. A material's perm rating is also what is needed when comparing the water vapor transmission of different building products. The table below shows vapor retarder classification as accepted by the International Building Code (IBC). It is important to note that the less permeable a material is, the greater its resistance to water vapor transmission. Classification Definition Permeance I Vapor Impermeable Greater than or equal to 0.1 perm II Vapor Semi-Impermeable Greater than 0.1 perm but less than or equal to 1.0 perm III Vapor Semi-Permeable Greater than 1.0 perm but less than or equal to 10 perms Vapor Permeable Greater than 10 perms As the table above illustrates, any material with a perm rating greater than 10 is classified as PERMEABLE. Selecting a product solely because it has a higher perm rating than the definition of permeable doesn't add any meaningful benefits to the performance of the system. The most important thing to consider when comparing perm ratings of various products is the test in which the perm rating was determined. ASTM E96 is the Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials. ASTM E96 contains two test methods to determine the perm rating of materials: Method A (the desiccant method) and Method B (the water method). Results from these two test methods vary considerably and cannot be compared in any way. Therefore, it is extremely important when comparing and choosing a vapor permeable or vapor impermeable air barrier that the results are from the same ASTM E96 test method. Method B is the most commonly used for classifying materials due to the higher results it yields, representing a worst-case situation with an excess presence of moisture. Please contact Chris Kann at [email protected] with questions.
Do Building Codes Require Structural Enhancement for Re-roofing Work?
Today's re-roofing market is going strong, making up 62% of all roofing work versus 38% for new construction. While most specifiers and roofers know the requirements for re-roofing to meet current building and energy codes, there is always a level of uncertainty when it comes to the structure of the roof itself. Can I tear off the old roof and start my new roof application with the existing deck? Or is something more required? Re-roofing work consisting of a complete tear-off is considered an Alteration – Level 1 for the International Existing Building Code (IEBC) 2015 and 2018 editions. In Chapter 5, an Alteration – Level 1 is described as, "includes the removal and replacement or the covering of existing materials, elements, equipment, or fixtures using new materials, elements, equipment, or fixtures that serve the same purpose". Descriptions of the code requirements for Alteration – Level 1 are in Chapter 7 and include Section 707 – Structural, which describes two additional structural requirements for roof replacement: 1.(707.3.1) Where the re-roofing work is more than 25% of the roof area, and the building is assigned a seismic design category of D, E, or F (Chapter 20 of ASCE 7), unreinforced masonry wall parapets must be braced according to 301.1.4.2 of the International Building Code (IBC). 2.(707.3.2) If the existing roofing system is removed and the deck is exposed for more than 50% of the roof area and the building is located where the ultimate design wind speed is greater than 115 mph OR the project is located in a special wind region, all structural roof connections must be evaluated for the wind uplift, and if unable to support 75% of the wind load, they must be strengthened or replaced as defined in Chapter 16 of the IBC. These requirements will not affect all buildings. Checking with a structural engineer to determine the existing building's seismic design category or evaluating wind uplift potential of existing structural components will increase the project's cost. Additionally, more costs could be added if structural remediation is required. Always check with the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) for local requirements before proceeding with re-roofing work. Contact Craig Tyler at [email protected] with questions.
A New Trend in Building Envelope Specifications
With the ever-increasing emphasis on airtightness in commercial buildings, many of today's building envelope projects are taking an approach similar to that of the roofing industry, where products are sourced from and warranted by a single company. Traditionally, building envelope projects have used products supplied by multiple manufacturers for use in below-grade waterproofing, walls, and roofing systems. This poses several concerns for architects and designers, including product compatibility, system performance, and liability. Similar concerns are what led the roofing industry to shift to a single-source, "system" approach in the late 1980s. Today, most roofing systems are single source. These systems utilize materials designed to work together from the start, allowing suppliers to offer extended and unique warranty coverage and eliminate finger-pointing in the event of a leak. One of the biggest advantages of a single-source building envelope is the ability to avoid product incompatibility at tie-in junctions, which can lead to air barrier breaches. With its NVELOP Building Envelope Solutions program and wide breadth of manufacturing capabilities, Carlisle Construction Materials (CCM) is leading the way in the movement toward single-source building envelope systems. CCM's NVELOP is the industry's most comprehensive single-source building envelope solution, featuring a variety of waterproofing, wall, and roof system materials. NVELOP's ability to ensure the compatibility of dissimilar materials eliminates the guesswork architects have conventionally dealt with when designing a building envelope system, while still allowing for design flexibility. The program's tie-in detail suite provides vetted tie-in options that have been tested for durability, compatibility, and constructability. Additionally, NVELOP's unique single-source tie-in warranty, available for up to 15 years, significantly limits architect and specifier liability and provides peace of mind to the building owner. For more information, visit the NVELOP website at www.carlislenvelop.com. If you have questions, please contact Chris Kann at [email protected]
Tectum Inc. Voluntarily De-Listed from the FM RoofNav Website
Carlisle Construction Materials (CCM) has learned that Tectum Inc. has voluntarily de-listed their decking products from the FM RoofNav site. Tectum Inc. produces structural acoustical roof decks made of wood fiber cement which absorb sound and are compatible with a wide variety of insulation and roofing materials. CCM's roofing systems are compatible with Tectum decks and share many RoofNav-approved assemblies. Because of the de-listing by Tectum, the FM Approvals for wood fiber cement decks and all related RoofNav listings have been removed from the FM approval site for all roofing manufacturers, not just CCM. Consequently, all wood fiber cement deck ratings listed in Carlisle's State of Florida Evaluation Reports have been added to the SPRI DORA (Directory of Roof Assemblies) listing website. These ratings will still be applicable and can be specified when using the SPRI DORA directory in lieu of specifying FM approved roof assemblies. Many specifiers use FM approval ratings as a general guide for design, but may be specifying them on buildings which are not insured by FM Global. When specifying for building projects that are not FM insured, the specifier may use SPRI DORA assemblies or UL assemblies. The SPRI DORA listing is a web application database of roof systems tested in accordance with standards referenced in Chapter 15 of the International Building Code (IBC). This service lists wind uplift load capacity on single-ply and modified bitumen roof systems. For more information on the listing, visit www.dora-directory.com or contact Brian Emert. Brian Emert Designer & Doc Dev Specialist Design Services [email protected]
Welcome to SpecTopics!
Welcome to the first installment of SpecTopics, a bi-monthly blog about topics related to designing and specifying roofing and waterproofing systems using Carlisle's products. Carlisle has been a recognized leader in the roofing industry for more than half a century, manufacturing high-performance EPDM, TPO, and PVC single-ply membranes. Carlisle also offers roof garden systems, a full line of polyiso and expanded polystyrene insulation, and a host of steep slope underlayments, duct sealants, adhesives, and hardware. In addition to roofing, Carlisle services the waterproofing, framing, and general construction industries. This blog-based format will allow us to answer the most frequently asked questions we receive from architects and specifiers, as well as to share technical information and industry news. Our goal is for SpecTopics to serve as a resource for roofing, waterproofing, and building envelope issues. The focus will be on industry-wide issues that affect building product specifications and code approvals for roofing and air and vapor barriers. In the next few installments, we'll cover trends in building envelope specifications, FM 1-90 requirements versus ASCE 7 requirements, and code-related language regarding re-roofing. Stay tuned; another SpecTopic will be published in two weeks. Contact Brian Emert for further information. Brian Emert Designer & Doc Dev Specialist Design Services [email protected]


text:
Tag Archives: msn
MSN UK study release: Quarter of respondents 'overwhelmed by the volume of news each day'
MSN UK recently commissioned a survey of 2,000 people (carried out by OnePoll) which looks at audience behaviour in certain news situations, as part of its Best of Now marketing campaign.
The findings including looking at the sources people turn to for breaking news coverage. This found that the majority (40 per cent) of respondents (who were able to select more than one answer), chose online news sites as their source. This was followed by newspapers with 30 per cent and social media with 20 per cent of respondents.
The survey also asked what news sources were most trusted by respondents, which saw broadcast television and radio come top with 43 per cent, followed by online news sites with 19 per cent, newspapers with 15 per cent and magazines with 9.1 per cent. Social networks were named as most trusted by just under five per cent.
A quarter of respondents highlighted in the survey that they can be "overwhelmed by the volume of news each day and demand quality, not quantity", according to a press release. And when it comes to time spent consuming news, with the survey finding that on average 10 years ago respondents felt they would spend around 10 minutes a day consuming news, compared to an average of 15 minutes today.
This entry was posted in Broadcasting, Journalism, Online Journalism and tagged breaking news, Broadcast, msn, news sources, Online Journalism on June 14, 2012 by Rachel Bartlett.
#followjourn – @duncanhooper Duncan Hooper/managing editor
Who? Duncan Hooper
Where? Duncan is managing editor of news and sport at MSN UK
Twitter? @duncanhooper
Just as we like to supply you with fresh and innovative tips, we are recommending journalists to follow online too. Recommended journalists can be from any sector of the industry: please send suggestions (you can nominate yourself) to rachel at journalism.co.uk; or to @journalismnews.
This entry was posted in Recommended journalists and tagged #followjourn, Duncan Hooper, Managing Editor, msn on October 7, 2011 by Rachel Bartlett.
MSN UK signs up with PressDisplay to add newspaper e-editions to site
MSN UK will now feature its own version of PressDisplay.com, which provides an archive of digital editions of newspapers and magazines, according to a press release from earlier in the week.
PressDisplay, which is owned by newspaper distribution firm NewspaperDirect, features e-editions of titles including the Times, Guardian, Washington Post and the Australian.
The new feature on the web portal will be branded as MSN PressDisplay and will give users free access to the front page and two stories from any publication on the day of print. To access more stories and back issues, users will be required to register with PressDisplay and offered subscription offers, starting at 79p to buy a credit to view another article.
The service offers different packages for personal and corporate use including greater access to archived editions, for example, the £79.95 'Corporate Unlimited' lets subscribers go back up to 60 days in the archive.
Titles can be searched by country, language or browsed alphabetically, and search preferences can be saved by individual users.
The service is compatible with iPhones, Blackberry and eReaders, the release said and also offers interactive features – such as the ability to comment on articles and share them via social networks or email.
"Together we have been able to deliver innovative features which give consumers access to a huge number of publications on the great NewspaperDirect interface. At a time when the survival of newspapers is being questioned we see this as a great outlet for newspaper content," said Peter Bale, MSN executive producer, in the release.
MSN UK also recently launched its local news and information site MSN Local.
This entry was posted in Newspapers and tagged digital editions, e-editions, executive producer, GBP, guardian, Marketwire, msn, msn uk, NewspaperDirect, pence, Peter Bale, PressDisplay, PressDisplay.com, search preferences, social networks, the australian, The Times, Washington Post, Web portal on September 3, 2009 by Donna Goddard.
Telegraph.co.uk: MSN discussing hyperlocal partnerships with local papers
Microsoft has been very chatty this week – see its long-awaited announcement of a search partnership with Yahoo.
On top of this and following the launch of the data-rich MSN Local, MSN executive producer Peter Bale told the Telegraph that the site was hoping to take feeds from local newspapers and map the content.
"Hyperlocal news online has never been more important and we think this is a really interesting growth area," he said.
Payment for the feeds is a possibility or a linking/traffic driving arrangement could be made, he added.
This entry was posted in Editors' pick, Newspapers, Online Journalism and tagged executive producer, Hyperlocal, Local newspapers, microsoft, msn, MSN Local, Peter Bale, search partnership, Telegraph.co.uk, the Telegraph, Yahoo on July 30, 2009 by Laura Oliver.
MSN News UK: Heat map of MPs' expenses
MSN has created a heat map of MPs' expenses claims between April 2007 and March 2008 – see screengrab below.
Full map at this link…
This entry was posted in Editors' pick, Multimedia and tagged MPs expenses, msn, visualisation on May 19, 2009 by Laura Oliver.
MSN mashes blogs and entertainment maps
MSN has created two new mapping tools using content from its blogging and entertainment channels.
The SpacesVision map displays updates from bloggers on the site's Live Spaces platform in almost real-time.
It describes itself as the latest stage in the 'vision map genre' following established mapping services FlickrVision and TwitterVision.
Meanwhile the Celebrity Spotter tool mashes up a feed of events with a live map to pinpoint where celebrities will be in the UK over the next four weeks.
Peter Bale, executive producer of MSN.co.uk, said the two creations were 'just the start' of the site's experiments with mash ups.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged established mapping services, executive producer, Mapping, msn, MSN.co.uk, Peter Bale, United Kingdom on May 13, 2008 by Laura Oliver.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Include a message to David C.
David C. will get in direct contact with you, let them know how.
This Pershing 90 luxury motor yacht, equipped with 2 MTU 16V 2000 M93 engines, is capable of high performance. Its ambience mixes an elegant exterior layout with contemporary charming interiors.
This boat has a superb and sporty hull that stands out on the water painted in a gloomy metal matte. This elegant boat, managed by our experienced crew, will make this the best cruise for you in the enchanting waters of Ibiza.
Please note: Prices may change according to the season.


LEANDRORODRIGUEZ1138, INC is an Active company incorporated on April 1, 2019 with the registered number P19000006648. This Domestic for Profit company is located at 3225 AVIATION AVENUE, SUITE 700, MIAMI, 33133 and has been running for one year. It currently has one President.


text:
After the Marathon, Local Athletes Keep Running for Charities
By Christian Brink
Even though they've crossed this year's finish line at the Boston Marathon, runners like Sheree Dunwell know that her work isn't over. In fact, she'll accept almost any challenge to continue raising money for a particular charity, including donning a banana suit in the downtown Boston Financial District.
Dunwell, 25, of Saugus, Massachusetts, is part of The Marathon Coalition, which consists of seven different teams of runners. The teams represent various nonprofits from across the region, and commit to raising money for them as they train for the marathon. Dunwell, who has been fundraising for Mass Mentoring Partnership these past four months, is continuing her efforts until the end of April.
"When I was accepted to be a member of the Mass Mentoring team," said Dunwell, "the Boston Marathon quickly became a way for me to make a difference in others' lives and not just my own."
Two days before the marathon on April 16, Mike Wasserman, 27, of Boston, gathered five of the seven teams in the church basement in Newton, Massachusetts, for a dinner to celebrate their fundraising efforts and to share last minute words of inspiration before the race. They were also honored with "Spirit Awards" as Mark Blackman and Jenna Hudlow, representatives from Razoo, an online fundraising platform based out of Washington, D.C., recognized Dunwell and others for their creative fundraising efforts.
Wasserman founded the Coalition in 2008 and has worked closely with Razoo ever since. In its three years of operation, Razoo has already helped raise over $45 million for nonprofit organizations and other charitable causes nationwide through creative fundraising efforts.
Posted by Jo Kadlecek at 8:16 AM 365 comments:
Labels: Boston, Christian Brink, sports
Teens 'Battle' Regularly at Hamilton-Wenham Library in Innovative Club
(This story appeared Thursday, April 21, 2011, in The Salem News.)
Wenham, MA—For Trevor Attridge, 18, of Essex, MA, Saturday mornings are no time for breakfast in bed. Instead, they're for epic battles. But this isn't a videogame or blockbuster movie – it's the Hamilton-Wenham Public Library, home to a group of teenagers who gather weekly to play epic multi-dimensional battle games.
For the past three years, Attridge, the founder of the club known as Battle-Gaming of Massachusetts (BOM) and a senior at Manchester-Essex High, has met with friends on Saturdays at the Hamilton-Wenham library from 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. to play battle games. Attridge's hobby began after seeing a game set modeled on The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. Then he gathered a few friends in his attic to play the game, but soon moved to the Hamilton-Wenham library for a larger venue.
"I think it's good for kids to play games (like these) and get together in real-time instead of online," said Kim Claire, the Young Adult Librarian, who has helped maintain and promote the club since coming to the library. "It creates a community for them."
At their most basic level, battle games are based on a traditional board game format with a point system where each player takes turns rolling dice to determine their next move. However, there is no formal board like with checkers. Instead, these games are played on either purchased or homemade terrain that's then spread across large tables. To best get a sense of battle gaming, said Attridge, it's like chess combined with Risk, but to the "umpteenth degree."
Posted by Jo Kadlecek at 5:37 PM 169 comments:
Labels: Christian Brink, education
New Academic Wing Provides Greater Learning Opportunities for Beverly School for the Deaf
Mark Carlson, executive director
of CCC/BSD, and a student
help dedicate the new building.
By Alyssa M. Baxter
(This story appeared April 19, 2011, in The Boston Globe, Beverly.)
The five million dollar, 28,000 square foot academic wing "is not just bricks and steel," said Len Femino, president of the Board of Trustees of The Children's Center for Communication/Beverly School for the Deaf (CCD/BSD), in a speech Thursday morning. "It is the future for these students."
Fermino was part of the dedication ceremony April 14 at the Beverly school where dozens of students, faculty and staff gathered along with parents, alumni, board and community members at the entrance of the new building to celebrate the new facility with speeches and tours. A nine-year-old student helped Femino cut the multi-colored ribbon. The ceremony was followed by a celebration luncheon.
The building was funded in part as a result of a coordinated campaign that started last year, according to Shelley Cardegna, development associate at CCC/BSD since 2009. "The Connecting Kids Campaign (has been) a major gifts campaign to raise funds for the new building as well as updates to the existing structures on campus such as the Wales Wing and the exterior of the Burnham Gymnasium," she said.
$424,147 has been raised to date and will be put towards furniture and fittings for the new wing, technology and classroom furniture as well as assist in paying off the loan, said Cardegna. "Since we do not receive any state or federal funding to build new academic space, we have to rely on donors to help us pay off our private loan. Money is raised from foundations (grants), corporations, and individual donors," she said.
Posted by Jo Kadlecek at 11:38 AM 271 comments:
Labels: Alyssa Baxter, Beverly, education
Penthouse Suites Help Grow Small Businesses at Cummings Center Renovation
By Jesse Poole
(This story appeared April 27, 2011, in the business section of The Salem News.)
Beverly—Splitting up has its perks for some. 100 Cummings Center in the popular corporate campus in Beverly, MA, has proven this by transforming part of its top floor, formerly a cafeteria of several thousand square feet into a league of 24 to 25 lease-able, sub-divided offices, which have been dubbed 'penthouse suites.'
These newly renovated bedroom-sized offices were once one large site for Microsoft Corporation. When Microsoft moved out to a bigger location, Cummings Center property managers shifted their focus from catering to a multi-million dollar corporation to providing local entrepreneurs space.
As of now, five firms have moved into the suits and more are scheduled to move in soon. Some that have relocated there include Daly Insurance, Family Psychiatric Care, Gold Coast Mortgage, The Service Coach, and Scrivener Publishing.
Martin Scrivener, owner of Scrivener Publishing, a technical and scientific publishing company, has moved his office from his home in Salem to a suite.
"The level of work I had indicated that it would be a good idea to set up a business address," said Scrivener. "Also, here I have a lot less distractions than I did at home and I can get more work done in a timely manor."
Labels: Beverly, business, Jesse Poole
North Shore Farms Go Back to School With The ABC's of Farm Education
Friendly cows at Appleton Farms in Ipswich, MA. (photo by Christian Brink)
(This story appeared April 6, 2011, in the business section of The Salem News.)
For Appleton Farms in Ipswich, MA, class is back in session. On April 7 – 8, Erica Curry and Susie Marchand of the Shelburne Farms, Vermont, education staff will be coming down to Appleton Farms to co-host The ABC's of Farm Education, a two-day workshop for North Shore farmers that will cover the different aspects of developing and marketing farm education programs.
This workshop originally started on Shelburne Farms, a non-profit environmental education center, in conjunction with the Farm-Based Education Association (FBEA). Due to its local success, the program is now taken around the world and taught in locations as far as England, Ontario, Canada, and now Ipswich, MA. Appleton Farms, the oldest working farm in the country, is a scheduled stop due to its membership with the FBEA.
"It's a professional development workshop," said Holly Hannaway, Engagement Manager for Appleton Farms and Crane Estate, "focused on people who are actively farming or farm-based educators to give them the tools to create or improve education programs and public engagement opportunities on their farm."
While Curry and Marchand will be facilitating the workshop, it will also be taught in partnership with the Appleton Farms education staff, including Hannaway and Becky Fahey. Hannaway, who has already participated in this workshop twice at Shelburne farms, is in her fifth program season at Appleton.
"It's for any type of farm education," said Curry, "but a lot of farms connect specifically with schools," which includes everything from field trips to programs for at-risk youth.
In response to high child obesity rates in the United States, said Curry, farm education is also a way to promote healthier kids. "When you offer farm education programs you're offering an opportunity for the public and, in particular, the kids to learn more about where their food comes." said Curry. "This then empowers them to make healthy choices."
Labels: Christian Brink, farming, North Shore
Painted Horseshoes Lucky for Hundreds of Children
(This story appeared April 5 in The Salem News, as well as The Boston Globe, Beverly.)
For students at Landmark School, a non-profit education center in Beverly, art is not always something they can take home and pin on the walls. Instead, many children here have been painting horseshoes for a greater cause, one called 'Horseshoes for Rescues.'
The painted horseshoes are then sold at Salon Bogart in Manchester-by-the-Sea, and all of the profits go to Windrush Farm in Boxford, MA, a therapeutic equitation nonprofit that specializes in teaching physically, emotionally, and learning disabled children and adults to ride and work with horses.
"It's very important to share the message of Windrush with children," said Jennifer Tartaglia, director of development at Windrush Farm. "We work with more than a 1,000 people each year, and we couldn't do it without the help of others."
It was two years ago that Lauren Rowland, owner of Salon Bogart and founder of Horseshoes for Rescues, discovered this better use for old horseshoes.
"At first I just brought them into the salon and had the girls [employees] help me paint them," said Rowland. Rowland owns three horses herself.
Now Rowland collects horseshoes from neighboring farms and distributes them to Landmark Elementary and Middle School.
"Landmark school has a strong reputation for giving back to the community in the form of community service," said Susan Tomases, director of marketing and communication at Landmark School. "And this is one of the ways we give back."
Labels: Beverly, education, Jesse Poole
After the Marathon, Local Athletes Keep Running fo...
Teens 'Battle' Regularly at Hamilton-Wenham Librar...
New Academic Wing Provides Greater Learning Opport...
Penthouse Suites Help Grow Small Businesses at Cum...
North Shore Farms Go Back to School With The ABC's...


East Hawkesbury is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell. It is on the Ottawa River. Its eastern boundary is the border with the province of Quebec.
The township comprises the villages of Chute-à-Blondeau, Sainte-Anne-de-Prescott and Saint-Eugène. The township administrative offices are located in St. Eugene.
During World War II the Royal Canadian Air Force built and operated No. 13 Elementary Flying Training School as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan  on a site 2 km south of St. Eugene. The school opened on 28 October 1940 and closed on 19 June 1945.
The airfield was located at 45°29′17″N 074°28′17″W / 45.48806°N 74.47139°W.
^ a b "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. July 5, 2013. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ a b "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. February 21, 2017.
^ "Mayor's Welcome :: East Hawkesbury Township". easthawkesbury.ca. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
Elections were held in Prescott and Russell United Counties, Ontario on October 25, 2010 in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.
Elections were held in Prescott and Russell United Counties, Ontario on October 27, 2014 in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.
Elections were held in Prescott and Russell United Counties, Ontario on October 22, 2018 in conjunction with municipal elections across the province.
Area codes 450 and 579 are telephone area codes in the Canadian province of Quebec, encompassing the off-island suburbs of Montreal, which is served by area codes 514 and 438. Among the cities served by area code 450 are Longueuil and Laval. The communities of Ormstown, Huntingdon, Boucherville, Varennes, Roussillon, Joliette, Saint-Hyacinthe, Granby, Chambly, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu and Vaudreuil-Dorion are also part of this area code. The 450 area code is also shared by several small communities in an adjacent part of Ontario: some landline customers in Chute-à-Blondeau (East Hawkesbury), near Pointe-Fortune have +1-450-451-xxxx numbers from the Rigaud phone exchange.
514 had served the entire Montreal area for over half a century. However, by the mid-1990s it was on the verge of exhaustion due to Montreal's rapid growth and Canada's inefficient system of number allocation. All Canadian competitive local exchange carriers are allocated blocks of 10,000 numbers for every rate centre where they plan to offer service, even in the smallest hamlets. Even though most rate centres don't need nearly that many numbers, a number can't be reallocated elsewhere once assigned to a carrier and rate centre. This resulted in thousands of wasted numbers. By the latter years of the 20th century, this made a second area code necessary in Canada's second-largest toll-free calling zone.
450 entered service in 1998. It completely surrounds 514, which was confined to the Island of Montreal and a few surrounding islands. For this reason, Montrealers sometimes refer to the off-island suburbs as "les 450" (the 450s), much like the suburbs of Toronto are called "the 905."
On May 7, 2009, the CRTC ruled that area code 438, which had been used as an overlay for 514 since 2006, would be extended to overlay both 450 and 514. However, a later decision revised it and ruled that 579 would overlay 450 on its own, effective August 21, 2010. On May 2, 2011 a prepaid mobile telephone registered to "Pierre Poutine, Separatist Street, Joliette" at (450) 760-7746 on Bell Mobility's "Virgin" service played a key role in a robocall scandal in which voters in Guelph, Ontario were inundated with calls directing them to the wrong polling station.The main incumbent local exchange carrier for 450/579 is Bell Canada. The main competitive local exchange carriers for 450/579 are Vidéotron and Telus. There are independent companies as well.
Area code 613 and overlay area code 343 are area codes for Ottawa and surrounding Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). 613 is one of the 86 original area codes in the NANP assigned in October 1947.
Glengarry—Prescott—Russell (formerly known as Glengarry—Prescott) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953.
Joseph Binette (May 1, 1861 – January 19, 1950) was an Ontario farmer, businessman and political figure. He represented Prescott in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1922 to 1925.He was born in St. Eugene, Canada West in 1861, the son of Joseph Binette and Flavie Bissonnette. He married Palmyre Lavigne in 1887. He operated a farm and was a hay and grain dealer at Sainte-Anne-de-Prescott. Binette served on the township council for four years and was reeve for East Hawkesbury Township for 15 years. He was elected as a Progressive in 1921 but joined the Liberal caucus in the House of Commons in 1922.
He died in Sainte-Anne-de-Prescott at the age of 88.
Nuneaton and Bedworth is a local government district with borough status, in northern Warwickshire, England, consisting of the densely populated towns of Nuneaton and Bedworth, the large village of Bulkington and the green belt land inbetween. It has a population of just over 120,000.
It borders the Warwickshire districts of Rugby to the east, and North Warwickshire to the west. To the south it borders the city of Coventry in the West Midlands county, and to the north the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire.
The borough is governed by the Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough Council. As of the most recent local election, the council is under no overall control.
King's Highway 17, more commonly known as Highway 17, is a provincially maintained highway and the primary route of the Trans-Canada Highway through the Canadian province of Ontario. It begins at the Manitoba boundary 50 km (31 mi) west of Kenora and the main section ends where Highway 417 begins just west of Arnprior. A small disconnected signed section of the highway still remains within the Ottawa Region between County Road 29 and Grants Side Rd. This makes it Ontario's longest highway.The highway once extended even farther to the Quebec boundary in East Hawkesbury with a peak length of about 2,180 km (1,350 mi). However, a section of Highway 17 "disappeared" when the Ottawa section of it was upgraded to the freeway Highway 417 in 1971. Highway 17 was not re-routed through Ottawa, nor did it share numbering with Highway 417 to rectify the discontinuity, even though Highway 417 formed a direct link between the western and eastern sections of Highway 17. However, from East Hawkesbury to Ottawa, Highway 17 retained the Trans-Canada Highway routing and signs until it met up again and merged with Highway 417 until 1997, when Highway 17 through Ottawa was downgraded. The Trans-Canada Highway designation now extends along all of Highway 417.
Ontario Highway 17 is a very important part of the national highway system in Canada, as it is the sole highway linking the eastern and western regions of the country. It is the only road that links the province of Ontario with the province of Manitoba, making it a major section of Canada's primary commercial and leisure route for all traffic travelling between Canada's largest cities, from Toronto and Montreal in the east to Calgary and Vancouver in the west.
Prescott County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario.
It was created in 1800 from a portion of Glengarry County. It was named in honor of Major General Robert Prescott, Governor of Canada at that time. First settlers were Americans, but not all were Loyalists. It later merged with Russell County to form Prescott and Russell United Counties.
with some forested sections. Because it runs along a railway right-of-way, it is extremely flat. The trail surface is mainly stone dust, although it is paved near population centres. Notable sights along the trail include the former railway station in Bourget and the bridge over the South Nation River near Plantagenet.
Pavilions are located along the trail in Saint-Eugène, Vankleek Hill, Plantagenet, Bourget, and Hammond.The trail is used for a variety of purposes, including hiking, cycling, and snowmobiling (in the winter). Neither ATVs nor horse-riding are allowed on the trail, although horse-riding is allowed on the Prescott-Russell Trail Link.
The route runs along the former roadbed of the Canadian Pacific line between Ottawa and Montreal, which is now owned by Via Rail. The rails were lifted in 1986, while the trail was inaugurated in 2006. The agreement between Via and Prescott-Russell lasts until 2020.
Route 325 is a Quebec provincial highway located in the Montérégie region near the Ontario-Quebec border. The 43-kilometer highway runs from south to north from Rivière-Beaudette at the junction of Route 338 (just south of Autoroute 20) to Rigaud at the junction of Route 342.
Route 342 is a provincial highway located in the Montérégie region of Quebec west of Montreal. It runs from the Ontario-Quebec border in Pointe-Fortune (at the junctions of Ontario Highway 417 and Autoroute 40 and ends in Vaudreuil-Dorion at the junction of Autoroute 20. Its main purpose serves a service/alternate route to Autoroute 40 and has 4 interchanges with it in Pointe-Fortune, Rigaud and Hudson.
Saint-Eugène is a rural, Franco-Ontarian locality situated in the Township of East Hawkesbury in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell in Ontario (Canada). It is on the interprovincial border with Québec, near Highway 417 between Ottawa and Montréal.
Simon Labrosse (1836 – August 29, 1896) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Prescott in the House of Commons of Canada as an independent Conservative member (some sources say Liberal) from 1882 to 1891.
He was born in Saint-Benoît, Lower Canada in 1836, the son of Pierre Labrosse. He married Marie Ethier in 1861. He was a merchant at St. Eugene, also serving on the council and as reeve for East Hawkesbury Township and as warden in 1874 for Prescott and Russell counties. Labrosse was also postmaster for St. Eugene from 1862 to 1882. He ran unsuccessfully against Albert Hagar for a seat in the provincial legislative in an 1881 by-election. He defeated Félix Routhier in 1882 and 1887 for the seat in the federal parliament.
He died in East Hawkesbury Township at the age of 60.His son Louis-Joseph represented Prescott in the provincial assembly.
The United Counties of Prescott and Russell (French: Comtés unis de Prescott et Russell) are consolidated counties located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is L'Orignal. It was created as a result of a merger between Russell County and Prescott County in 1820. It is located in Eastern Ontario, in the wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River, approximately 55 km east of the City of Ottawa.


text:
Business / Finance 85
Disaster / Accident 5
Health / Medical / Pharma 16
Hospitality / Recreation 2
Labor 31
Law / Crime 5
War / Conflict 13
Catholic Church 145
Christian Theology 47
Catholic 30
Mass 28
Roman Catholic Church 28
Perpetual Calendar 27
Ecclesiology 24
Education In The United Kingdom 22
Parochial School 19
Sort by Relevance Date published 669 results, showing page 3 of 67
Across Britain Catholics Mourn The Loss Of Two Great And...
Page 6 from 14th February 2003
Fr Werenfried van Straaten (1913-2003) FR WERENFRIED van Straaten, who has died aged 90, earned a reputation as the "20th century's greatest......
Bishops' Diaries
Page 12 from 28th February 2003
March 2 to March 8 Cardinal C Murphy-O'Connor (Westmin.ster): Sun: Mtg s in Rome to 4th March, Tue:4:30pm Caritas Social Action launch, Houses of......
Page 12 from 4th October 2002
October 6 to October 12 Cardinal C NIurph -O'Connor (Westminster): Mon: Interviews & Engagements. Tue-Wed: Talk on "The Church in Our World......
February 26 to March 4 Cardinal C Murphy-O'Connne (Westminster): Sun: 10am M St Paul the Apostle. Wood Given, 2.30pn Rite of Election. Westminster......
Page 10 from 14th June 2002
June 16 to June 23 Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor tWestminster): Sun:M. St Aloysius Church, Euston, London. 10.30am. Mon: Interviews & Engagements. Tue:......
Bishop's Goodbye Banquet In The Tower
I HAVE received a Press notice from the Department of the Environment. It announces the celebration of the novocentenary (900th anniversary if you......
Letters To The Editor Our Correspondents Are Urged To Limit
Page 3 from 6th March 1936
their letters to 300 words: otherwise they are liable to be shortened or omitted altogether. Letters must bear a name and address (not necessarily......
Bishops' Engagements
Page 14 from 6th June 2008
June 8 to June 13 Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor (Westminster> Sum Celehmes Mass for the SOda Mammary of the Parish of Si Mary Magdalen, Wharton.......
Share The Gifts Of God
Page 6 from 9th May 1980
AS THE Sector of the National Pastoral Congress most directly concerned with the subjects of shared responsibility and consultation within the......
Catholic Writers And Journalists From
Sixteen Countries (Neutral Friendly Enemy Confer Friendly in London The first International Catholic Press Conference to be held during the......
Page: 1 … 1 2 3 4 5 … 67


Let head Chef Vincy and his team at Heirloom Restaurant & Bar take care of you this winter with the delicious new items on our winter menu with our Early Bird Dinner promotion.
Enjoy your choice of any main course on Heirloom's dinner menu, plus a glass of house wine, beer or soft drink for only $30 per person.
Click here to view Heirloom Restaurant & Bar menu.
See some of recommendations below!
Chicken & avocado tacos with chilli mango and mint salsa.
Herb crusted Margaret River lamb rack with lamb shoulder roulade, grilled polenta, dried olives and caponata.
Lemon tart, mini meringue, candied clementine, blood orange sorbet and fresh berries.
Available for bookings between 5:30 – 6:30pm. Reservations are essential.
For reservations, email heirloom.perth@frasershospitality.com or call us on 08 9261 0000.


"We already decided health care is a right by the way we treat ERs," Michael Pramenko told the Sentinel.
Who decided? Not "we," but Congress, when it passed a law forcing emergency rooms to treat everyone, regardless of ability to pay. By what right? None.
Each person has a right to liberty, as the Declaration of Independence asserts. Any law forcing anyone to provide a good or service violates our liberty.
It is wrong for anyone to take others' earnings, achieved through their own efforts to spend by their own judgment. It is wrong to force anyone to serve others. That is why America abolished slavery.
Forced emergency-room treatment does not justify national health care. Rather, we should restore liberty. For more on this, please visit WeStandFIRM.org.
Thank you, Richard, for again speaking out in support of liberty and individual rights.


text:
ISO/TC 44/SC 7
ISO/TR 25901-3:2016
ISO/TR 25901-3:2016 Preview
Welding and allied processes -- Vocabulary -- Part 3: Welding processes
ISO/TR 25901-3:2016 contains terms and definitions for welding processes, classified in accordance with their physical characteristics and to the relevant energy carrier.
It does not contain terms and definitions related to specific processes or particular aspects of welding and allied processes that are covered in other parts of this Technical Report (see Foreword) or in other ISO standards.
In the main body of this part of ISO/TR 25901, terms are arranged in a systematic order. Annex A provides an index in which all terms are listed alphabetically with reference to the appropriate subclause. In addition, it provides French translations, covering two of the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian). German translations are also provided; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN) and are given for information only.
NOTE 1 Only the terms given in the official languages (English, French and Russian) are to be considered as ISO terms and definitions.
NOTE 2 All these terms and definitions are also available on the ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP): https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
Representation and terms
Manufacturing engineering (Vocabularies)
Welding processes
std 1 38 PDF English French
std 2 38 Paper English French
CD referred back to Working Group
ISO 857-1:1998
ISO/TR 25901:2007


text:
Henry Cárdenas Orduz (Sogamoso, Boyacá, 30 d'octubre de 1965) va ser un ciclista colombià que fou professional entre 1986 i 1992, i entre 1994 i 1997. Les principals victòries les aconseguí en competicions colombianes. Va arribar a classificar-se entre els 10 primers a la Volta a Espanya.

Palmarès
 1985
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la Volta a Colòmbia
 1987
 Vencedor d'una etapa de la Dauphiné Libéré
 1988
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Clásico RCN
 1995
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Clásico RCN
 1r al GP Pony Malta i vencedor d'una etapa
 1996
 Vencedor d'una etapa del Clásico RCN

Resultats al Tour de França
 1988. Abandona (4a etapa)
 1989. No surt (5a etapa)
 1991. 43è de la classificació general

Resultats a la Volta a Espanya
 1987. 9è de la classificació general
 1988. Abandona (13a etapa)
 1990. 32è de la classificació general
 1991. 26è de la classificació general
 1992. Abandona (14a etapa)

Resultats al Giro d'Itàlia
 1989. 44è de la classificació general
 1992. 41è de la classificació general
 1996. Abandona (9a etapa)

Enllaços externs
 Fitxa a sitiodeciclismo.net
 Fitxa a cyclebase.nl
 Fitxa a museociclismo.it

Ciclistes colombians
Naixements del 1965

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Panda Run HD Alternatives
Panda Run HD is an Awesome, Action, 3D, Endless Runner, and Single-player video game similar to Temple Run, published and developed by Sailfish Games. In the story of the game, a brave Panda wants to get the legendary stone of soul and decided to get into the endless running, unknown shrines in the Maze's temple in order to gather the soul stones… read more
Android iOS Phone
56 Panda Run HD Alternatives & Similar Games
A Castle Run: Dungeon Knight is a Fabulous, Free-to-play 3D, Endless Runner and Single-player video game developed and published by Mama Games. The game provides you with a unique gameplay and lets you immerse yourself in Endless Runner experience.
More About Panda Run HD
Panda Run HD is an Awesome, Action, 3D, Endless Runner, and Single-player video game similar to Temple Run, published and developed by Sailfish Games. In the story of the game, a brave Panda wants to get the legendary stone of soul and decided to get into the endless running, unknown shrines in the Maze's temple in order to gather the soul stones. The game provides you with a fast-paced gameplay and lets you immerse yourself in exploration running experience. The game lets you assume the role of the Brave Panda and sets you on an epic adventure into the temple. The game offers you tilt control that really easy to use. Your character can jump over the obstacles, run, and slide. In the game, you must avoid hurdles and obstacles and complete your all objectives in order to progress. The game includes most prominent features such as Swing and Tilt control, Collect Soul Stones, Tons of Lovely Pandas, Unlockable Skills, and much more. Panda Run HD offers the best mechanics, awesome and stunning visuals details, and impressive gameplay. Try it out.
Mahjong Trails
Lone Survivor: The Director's Cut
Puzzle Quest 2
GoSpaces