Let's get into some technical details about how a layout engine works. We assume that we have a tree of elements that comprise the UI. Starting from the root node, we request a layout of all the elements of the tree. This is a recursive process, ideally with just one pass through each node.
This article covers the breadth of the API rather than going too deeply. We'll need to go over several examples later to understand better what happens.
Nodes in the tree need to measure themselves when asked. A layout uses this call to position elements relative to each other.
At this level, in node layout, we concern ourselves only with the margin-box. The details of the box-model are something left to individual elements when performing their layout.
When called this function, given the LayoutParams provide the desired size of the node. This can be called as often as desired, but each call could be expensive, especially for deep trees of dependently sized elements. We'll talk about how LayoutParams helps a bit later.
Once the node determines its size, it must also provide a way to arrange itself, and it's children. This is done via a ArrangeMarginBox function.
The signature is curiously the same as for GetMarginSize due to a key optimization in layout: many nodes don't need to know the size of the child before arranging it — no call to GetMarginSize is required to perform their layout. The parent can instead pass the LayoutParams to ArrangeMarginBox and get the resulting size back — some of them don't even need this size.
ArrangeMarginBox does not provide the intended position of the child. The size and layout of a node are expected to be independent of its position on the screen. Position independence is a critical requirement if you intend on allowing animation of nodes.
Layout being dependent on position would mean that a control positioned at (10,10) would have a different size and child arrangement than the same control positioned at (50,30). In practice, I've never found a situation where this would be helpful. Aligning something left/right makes a difference, but those are distinct layout properties, thus expected to make a difference. Position independence refers to a change in position when all other layout parameters are identical: alignment flags, available space, box spacing, etc.
I worked around this signature and built the Element node hierarchy (where all the actual controls lived), to be position independent. I made a few virtual functions and had derived classes implement OnArrangeMargin box instead of ArrangeMarginBox directly. I managed to make Fuse's controls position independent, and enjoy the optimization it brings but was stuck with an odd interface for backwards compatibility.
The one-pass layout goal I mentioned, which reduces node passes, requires each node have sufficient information about the layout requirements. This is where the LayoutParams comes in.
First, let's look at the source of multiple layout passes before to using LayoutParams. In Fuse, I initially inherited a simpler WPF model, which provided only the available-size and expand flags to the measure functions, something like Measure( float2 size, SizeFlags flags).
An element has properties like MaxWidth and MinWidth that apply limits to the size. These caused issues for flowing elements, like text. Applying the maximum required the parent element to first Measure the child then constrain to the maximum. Since a child text might flow differently, we'd call Measure again with a new constrained size — the height of the text changes as the available width changes. The same thing happens with any dependently sized element, like wrapping layouts, and some images.
It led to a problem where arranging children could involve many calls to Measure. It gets even worse when a layout, like Grid, makes additional sizing decisions, invoking even more calls.
For additional insanity, the original Measure, as in WPF, was not an immutable function: it'd modify the control! The new GetMarginSizeis correctly an immutable call.
X, Y: The desired X and Y size for the control. These values optional and only set if the desired size is not known. When determining the natural size they will remain unset.
MaxX, MaxY: The maximum allowed values for X and Y.
MinX, MinY: The minimum allowed values for X and Y.
If the text fits on one line, we expect a centred blue box with the text in it. If the text is wider than the Panel however, we expect it to wrap within that width and span multiple lines. The call to Text.GetMarginBox will thus not have an X or Y, value, but will have a MaxX value. We're capable of getting the correct text sizing with only a single pass through the children.
LayoutParams increases the difficulty of writing a GetMarginBox function. The performance improvement more than makes up for this. In practice, once the terminology and meanings are defined, it's also not that difficult to write the function. Most controls tend to inherit most of their sizing from other controls, or using common modules. Thus you don't implement the function too often.
We expect both columns to have the same width. This could be a problem since the available space, X and Y, will be different for the right column as the left one has already taken up some space. For this requirement I added a RelativeX and RelativeY to LayoutParams and defined percentages relative to that instead.
Fuse also had a Temporary flag in the LayoutParams, needed by a LayoutAnimation and Resize animation that would rapidly change the size of an element. Marking these temporary would avoid some caching, and skip over some layout: the intermediate states weren't necessarily valid, but it looked fine and ran smoothly. Such a flag can also be used to fudge otherwise expensive text layout calculations.
LayoutParams needs to capture the current layout constraints from the root of the tree down to the current node. Properties like maximum and minimum can vary at any point in the tree, and the current value needs to make its way down to each node.
A property like RelativeX however does not survive more than one level. Some properties are also explicitly cleared, such as the available height when arranging a vertical stack panel.
As we work through examples later we can better see how this passing of LayoutParams works. If you're writing a new engine, try to incorporate this logic as soon as possible — it was quite difficult to retrofit into an existing system.
This article is meant to introduce the general protocol. We'll need to go over some more details, or perhaps examples, to figure out how this all fits together. You should nonetheless get an idea of how the protocol works, so that we can refer to this logic at a later time.
This protocol is a key part of getting an optimized and efficient layout engine that supports animation. The next most important part is the invalidation engine, which I'll get to shortly.
Read more articles about writing a UI Engine. Follow me on Twitter, and to keep me writing, consider becoming a patron.


text:
A Farmer's Life
By Ernest Bywater
Farmers live life different to most people, their lives are ruled by the land they work and the cycles of nature. James is the son of a farmer who's orphaned by a bushfire. He continues to live with his father's old boss, but knows he has to make his own way in life after school. Life has it's ups and downs, and many challenges for James. He leaves the farm for the Army, but ends up back as a farm worker due to combat wounds. Join James as he meets many challenges and changes in his life. 49,100 words
Ernest Bywater (Standard Copyright License)
Ernest Bywater
http://www.lulu.com/shop/ernest-bywater/a-farmers-life/paperback/product-24346172.html
farmers life
rivers region
bush fire
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are 7.1 million active Bitcoin users globally, of whom 2.3 million spend their funds on various goods and services while 4.8 million prefer holding them to make a profit. How do you dispose of your Noah Coins, community?
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If you're a risk taker and the bearish market doesn't scare you, read our guide on how to increase your virtual funds several times. We hope that our advice will be helpful for both skilled users and those who just set foot on the crypto trading path. For newcomers, we've prepared a cycle of articles devoting to crypto exchanges. They cover registration, deposit, trading, withdrawal, and other issues.
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If Making A Murderer turns into a Hollywood movie, Redditor PayJay has the cast already lined up. Below are their choices on who should play the characters in the movie.
Here is the cast of Making A Murderer the movie!
What do you think about their choices? Do you think they did a good job with the casting? A lot of them are pretty good ones. I'd find somebody else to play Mike Halbach but that's just my opinion.


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Which one is more stressful "air traffic control or pilot?
Air traffic controller (ATC) and pilot have different schedule of work and both involve high levels of stress due to the vigilant nature of their work. Both pilots and ATC can have an early morning, afternoon, and night shift. According to Stoke (1994) employees have a higher level error rate from 3am to 7am and working this shift schedule can affect both psychological and physical health over the year. This researcher indicated that psychology and biochemical variables such as heart rate and temperature are different. The average heart rate is normal in an afternoon shift and a morning shift has higher levels of fairly normal circadian rhythm. In addition, stress could be higher from the morning shift because of higher levels of workload and the fatigue effect on human systems. However, the researchers have shown that for ATC and pilots, the night shift can have a significantly lower of workload. The night shift is the only shift associated with circadian rhythm disruption. Circadian rhythm affects on the human ability is slim during the night shift, but they're no guarantee that night shift can avoid the psychological stress. As a result, afternoon and night shift work has reduced stress at work than the morning shift. ATC position is more stressful because hours are larger, pay is lower and condition is larger responsibility with thousands of lives on the ground and in the air.
• ATC work involves being responsible for tower control, radar control, weather observation, etc. As a result, ATC personnel have to balance workload, responsibility and recognition, and then it can be assumed that ATC job has potential of stress.
• According to Stokes (1994) ATC job has a high level of workplace stress, and effect to human health in the long term period. ATC has the ability to increase health problems from hypertension and peptic ulcers, more than pilots or office jobs.
• The USA 2008, on up to 25,000 ATC personnel found the average incidence of hypertension and compared pilots and ATC. 0ne in five controllers has suffered borderline hypertension. This indicates that the ATC has twice the level rate and therefore more stress than pilots.
• Overall, in the USA from 1972 to 1977 there were 79 ATC personnel disqualified from the ATC work and 61 were affected by psychological problems over the year they worked as ATC.
• However, ATC duty required 40 hours per week or more and some are on call on the duty, if the airport weather change such as fog, or thunders light, ATC duty is directly increased. This is more than pilots spends on the job and is likely to increase stress.
• According to FAA (2012) average ATC salary received from $US32, 000 to $US166, 000. Due to lower pay rate, most ATC has significant problems with their finances while they're on the job.
• ATC has to go home and make their food and doing the dishes after finish the meal compare to pilot professional and high quality foods.
• According to NZ CAA Act 1990 a pilot is required to fly for 30 hours or 35hours for 2 pilots in any 7 consecutive days. Most commercial airlines required 2 or 3 pilots working in the cockpit during long haul flight. This shows that pilots have multiple crews on their duty to help reduce individual stress.
• Crew duty rest period requires 12 hours per day and crew duty maximum 11 hours per day.
• Pilots are required to have a meal every 4 or 6 hours during the flight period.
• During long haul flight, pilot use auto pilot to assist their performance. This means that individual pilots have owner assistance to reduce stress in the cockpit.
• Most pilots have higher salaries than ATC. According to FAA (2012) the average commercial airline pilots received $US110, 000 per year. This shows that most pilots may have less worry about their financial problems and therefore less stress.
In conclusion, the ATC position is more stressful than being a pilot because they have larger responsibility to control lives in the air and on the ground in same time. Work hours, salary, foods, and workload is increase ATC daily live stress.


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A case of rape of a minor was registered against the recipient of Padma award, the court told a serious matter
Please tell that the victim is currently under the supervision of special police security in the Children's Home. The victim stated in her complaint that she was placed under the care of the accused for a period of one year (in August 2020). Tora Agarwal A Padma awardee has been booked in Assam for allegedly …
A case of rape of a minor was registered against the recipient of Padma award, the court told a serious matter Read More »
Record cases of crime against women registered in 2021, contrary to CM Yogi's claim, more than half of the cases are from UP
A look at the NCW data also reveals that not only did Uttar Pradesh have more than half the cases registered against women, but there is also a more than four-fold difference in the number of cases from UP and other states. In the year 2021, about 31 thousand cases of crime against women were …
Record cases of crime against women registered in 2021, contrary to CM Yogi's claim, more than half of the cases are from UP Read More »
JP Nadda Met The Candidates And Office Bearers To Brainstorm On 40 Assembly Seats In Agra


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Home Uncategorized Crimson Tide roll over Bucs for first time in seven years
Crimson Tide roll over Bucs for first time in seven years
Patrick Heard is tackled by a Haughton defender in Friday's win over the Bucs. Douglas Blow/Courtesy Photo
HAUGHTON – It was a win seven years in the making, and it was worth the wait.
Minden battled fatigue, adversity and bad lighting Friday night at Harold E. Harlan Stadium to come away with a satisfying 23-20 win.
The Tide (2-0) needed clutch performances across the board, and in all three phases of the game, to pull it off.
"It took every player that we have to win that game," Crimson Tide head coach Spencer Heard said. "That's what it takes in ball games like that. All the players, down to the special team guys, it took all of us. The coaching staff did a really good job throughout the course of the game at making adjustments."
The game was a defensive tug-of-war for most of the first half.
The Tide were able to strike first on their opening possession with a 34-yard field goal by Patrick Heard to make it 3-0 early in first quarter action.
Haughton struggled to move the ball against the Minden defense out of the gate, needing 10 plays to cross midfield before stalling out.
In the second quarter, with the Bucs' defense beginning to settle in, the Tide defense got a big play from Rodney Johnson when he stepped in front of a Price Curry pass for an interception that set Minden up with a first-and-goal.
One play later, Zi'Kerrion Baker bullied his way into the end zone for a Minden touchdown to bring the score to 10-0 with 3:33 remaining in the first half.
What preceded those events became one of the stories of the night.
With Minden driving near midfield, the lights on the visitor's side of Harold E. Harlan Stadium went dim, leaving the Minden fans and half of the field in darkness.
"We got together there and discussed what we would do if the lights didn't come back on," Heard said. "I definitely didn't want to come back and play on Saturday."
Luckily, one of the two sets of lights came back and play was resumed nearly 30 minutes later.
Momentum shifted Haughon's way for the remainder of the first half, as the Bucs forced a turnover on downs and then drove the field for a Nico Broadway field goal that made the halftime score 10-3 in favor of the Tide.
Haughton came out swinging in the third quarter with Price Curry finding Emile Cola deep downfield for a 51-yard touchdown strike to tie the game at 10-10.
Less than one minute later, following a long return on the ensuing kickoff, Minden answered with a quick strike from Antonio Rivette to Tavarius Edwards. The 25-yard touchdown catch put the Tide back in front 17-10.
Curry went back to work for the Bucs later in the third quarter by finishing a methodical drive with a 4-yard touchdown on a QB power play.
On Minden's next possession Rivette dropped back to pass, but was hit and fumbled the ball back to Haughton. Broadway would add his second field goal of the night to give Haughton their first lead at 20-17 with 1:06 to play in the third quarter.
Patrick Heard missed on a field goal attempt with 9:54 to play in the fourth quarter, sending the Minden defense back out. Needing a stop to have a chance, the Crimson Tide seized the opportunity and forced a fumble to regain possession.
"I told the defense at halftime," Heard said. "This game is going to come down to who can give closest to 100 percent in the fourth quarter. I think all of our guys bought into that. Some of those stops their at the end of the game were special."
Minden found themselves facing fourth down from the Haughton 19-yard line with 8:23 on the clock.
On the snap, holder Leo McCarter sprinted out to his right looking to pass, but Haughton had read the fake and dropped into coverage. That's when McCarter made the smart play to run for the first down and preserve the drive.
"Patrick's legs were tired," Heard said. "We had some penetration on the second field goal, too. All that just kind of played into the decision. We're down here going in so even if we don't make it they have to go the length of the field, so let's take a chance. We had a pass called with it, but he just made a good decision to get around the edge and seal the deal."
Rivette plunged in from the 1-yard line to give Minden the lead, but the extra point was blocked.
Leading 23-20, Minden turned to their defense one last time. Curry couldn't complete anything on the final three plays for Haughton and Broadway's punt traveled just 23 yards.
Minden pounded out the rest of the game on the ground, and Baker put the exclamation point on the win with a 9-yard run on fourth-and-1 from the Haughton 25-yard line. The Bucs, out of timeouts, had to watch as Minden kneeled out the final minute and change.
The Minden offense was much more in sync Friday than they were in week one against Southwood. The Tide got a big boost from one of their smallest athletes, Kolby Jackson.
"I thought it was big game for him," Heard said. "We needed him. He knew the significance of that game and he ran it hard inside and outside, making some really good cuts on some of those sweeps. It looked like old Kolby to me."
Jackson finished with 13 carries for 111 yards, including 47 yards in the fourth quarter to help put the game away.
Also noticeably more comfortable was Rivette. The calm, cool and collected senior finished 14 of 29 with most of his completions to Kelcey Miller and Edwards.
"Last week I thought he pressed," Heard said. "He seemed much more relaxed, and his offensive line did an outstanding job for the most part in giving him protection. Overall, he played well. We didn't run him a lot, and we really didn't have to."
Rivette finished with 211 yards and two total TD's (1 passing, 1 rushing). Miller finished with 5 catches for 97 yards to lead the pass-catchers, followed by Edwards with 4 catches for 84 yards and a touchdown.
Baker finished with 5 carries for 35 yards and the 9-yard touchdown, while Rykarrian Robinson added 25 yards rushing on 3 carries.
Minden's next game will be the Webster Parish Super Bowl as the North Webster Knights visit The Pit following a 55-7 thrashing of Homer.


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Anonymous – USPS, Coraopolis, Pa.
Inspired by other USPS whistleblowers, a postal worker from the Coraopolis, Pennsylvania Post Office approached Project Veritas and explained how he too had heard USPS officials instructing that ballots be backdated to count in the 2020 election.
A postal worker based in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania told Jame O'Keefe that both his postmaster and supervisor told post office workers to collect and sort out late ballots after Nov. 3, Election Day.
"Wednesday, the fourth, we checked in at the time-clock, the postmaster, then, told us that if we were to find any ballots on our routes that day, we were to collect them, keep them separate in a hod, which is what we call our plastic bins, and bring them back," he said.
The whistleblower's postmaster, James Malia, and his supervisor, William Wood, gave the instructions on how the ballots would be handled, he said.
"We would put them in another hod and they would be sent to be counted," he said. "Firmly of the belief that they were going to be backdated."
James O'Keefe: "These were ballots collected Nov. 4?"
Coraopolis USPS Whistleblower: "Yes."


text:
Sveglie e orologio (conosciuto originariamente come Orologio e sveglie su Pocket PC 2000 e Sveglie su Windows 8.1) è un'applicazione di gestione del tempo inclusa in Windows e Windows 10 Mobile con quattro funzioni chiave: sveglie, orologi mondiali, timer e un cronometro. Le funzionalità sono elencate in un menu a nastro wireframe. L'app è simile per funzionalità e design all'app Orologio su iOS. Sveglie e orologio era disponibile sui dispositivi mobili da oltre un decennio prima che venisse reso disponibile su PC con l'introduzione di Windows 8.1. I tile per le sveglie, i timer e il cronometro possono essere aggiunti al menu Start. L'ultima versione dell'app utilizza le API della piattaforma Windows universale e utilizza le impostazioni del sistema per i temi chiari o scuri. Sveglie e orologio non è incluso con l'orologio della barra delle applicazioni.

Sveglie
Le sveglie sono elencate verticalmente per ora del giorno e possono essere attivate o disattivate con un interruttore. È possibile eliminare una selezione di sveglie contemporaneamente facendo clic sul pulsante elenco e utilizzando il tasto di controllo con o senza il tasto Maiusc per selezionare gli allarmi.

Le sveglie possono essere create facendo clic sul pulsante più e modificate facendo clic o toccando il tasto. È possibile modificare l'ora, il nome, la ricorrenza per giorno della settimana, l'audio e il tempo di ripetizione. L'attuale elenco di suoni nell'ordine elencato è Chimes, Xylophone, Chords, Tap, Jingle, Transition, Descending, Bounce, Echo e Ascending.

A causa delle limitazioni hardware, le sveglie non possono sempre suonare su determinati dispositivi da spenti. Per far suonare una sveglia su un PC spento, InstantGo deve essere incluso nel dispositivo. Prima dell'aggiornamento Creators Update di Windows 10, Sveglie e orologi era l'unica app in grado di far apparire una notifica di sveglia nonostante ci fosse il silenzioso, ma le sveglie di terze parti in esecuzione su Windows 10 versione 1704 o successiva suonano anche col silenzioso per impostazione predefinita.

Orologio mondiale
L'elenco di orologi mondiali rileva la posizione dell'utente e mostra l'ora locale nella posizione dell'utente sulla mappa. Gli utenti possono cercare altre località da mostrare sulla mappa. Quando vengono visualizzati altri orari, la funzione Orologio mondiale calcola quanto avanti o indietro gli altri tempi vengono dall'ora locale dell'utente. È anche possibile confrontare i tempi non locali in un determinato orario locale. Quando la mappa viene minimizzata orizzontalmente, i tempi vengono visualizzati in una lista verticale sotto la mappa anziché su di essa.

Gli utenti che desiderano semplicemente una finestra con un orologio facilmente visibile possono digitare timedate.cpl nella Run dialog box ().

Timer
I timer possono essere creati e nominati facendo clic sul pulsante più in basso, come le sveglie; tuttavia, non c'è modo di modificare un timer. È possibile ripristinare o cancellare un timer.
È possibile impostare più timer per l'esecuzione simultanea. Il pulsante di zoom su un timer sostituisce lo sfondo con i colori di accento di Windows, nasconde altri timer e il nastro e ingrandisce il tempo mostrato. I pulsanti di navigazione a freccia consentono agli utenti di alternare i timer in questa vista.
I timer forniscono notifiche quando finiscono. Non possono essere ripristinati dalle notifiche.

Cronometro
Può essere eseguito un cronometro alla volta. Un pulsante flag consente all'utente di registrare i tempi parziali e un pulsante di condivisione consente agli utenti di condividere i tempi con altre app UWP. Analogamente ai timer, il cronometro ha un pulsante di ridimensionamento che semplifica l'interfaccia cambiando lo sfondo e nascondendo i valori parziali.

Note

Software per Microsoft Windows

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
News Releases >
Managing negative emotions can help pregnant smokers quit
By Cathy Wilde
Download a portrait of Clara Bradizza
Clara Bradizza
"It's well-documented that smoking cigarettes while pregnant leads to a range of negative health effects on fetuses, including increased risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery, and greater rates of asthma and learning disabilities."
Clara Bradizza, senior research scientist, Research Institute on Addictions
BUFFALO, N.Y. – A new study by scientists in the University at Buffalo's Research Institute on Addictions has shown that pregnant smokers are more likely to quit if they can learn to manage negative emotions that lead to smoking.
Smoking during pregnancy is a matter of serious concern, says Clara Bradizza, PhD, senior research scientist at RIA.
"It's well-documented that smoking cigarettes while pregnant leads to a range of negative health effects on fetuses, including increased risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery, and greater rates of asthma and learning disabilities," she says.
The research involved 70 pregnant women who wanted to quit smoking and reported smoking in response to stress, anger and anxiety. "These women use smoking as a way to manage their negative feelings," Bradizza says. "Many experience poverty, insecure housing and unemployment, along with the stress of pregnancy, which increases negative emotions. All these factors make it more difficult to quit."
Half of the women took part in a smoking cessation program consisting of emotion regulation treatment (ERT) combined with standard cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), while the others received CBT and a control treatment consisting of health and lifestyle education.
"ERT is an exposure-based therapy where counselors help participants imagine stressful situations that elicit strong urges or cravings to smoke, and then allow them to experience these feelings in session, without smoking. The women were also taught mindfulness skills and effective ways to cope with urges to smoke," Bradizza says.
The women who took part in the ERT program showed significantly higher rates of smoking cessation, with 23 percent remaining smoke-free two months after beginning ERT treatment, compared to none in the control group. They also reported feeling more confident they could remain abstinent from smoking. In addition, the women in the ERT program who did not quit smoking showed improvement, as they smoked less than half the number of cigarettes daily as those in the control group.
Because smoking cessation medications such as Chantix (varenicline) are not recommended for use in pregnancy, there is a greater reliance on behavioral treatments to help pregnant smokers quit. Bradizza plans a larger trial of the ERT program to help further develop a new approach that is critically needed to help pregnant women quit.
The study results were published in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Co-authors include Paul R. Stasiewicz, PhD, Melanie Ruszczyk, PhD, Joseph F. Lucke, PhD, Rina D. Eiden, PhD, Kim S. Slosman, MS, and Paulette Giarratano, PhD, UB Research Institute on Addictions; Yue Zhuo, PhD, Sociology and Anthropology Department, St. John's University; Stephen A. Maisto, PhD, Department of Psychology, Syracuse University; and Thomas H. Brandon, PhD, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center. The study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Health's Office of Research on Women's Health.
RIA is a research center of the University at Buffalo and a national leader in the study of alcohol and substance abuse issues. RIA's research programs, most of which have multiple-year funding, are supported by federal, state and private foundation grants. Located on UB's Downtown Campus, RIA is a member of the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus and a key contributor to UB's reputation for research excellence. To learn more, visit buffalo.edu/ria.
Cathy Wilde
Research Institute on Addictions
cwilde@ria.buffalo.edu
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Upper back pain plagues so many office workers because of the long hours of having to sit down at a desk and work on a computer keyboard. This activity can be responsible for other medical concerns such as sciatica pain and even muscle spasms.
The seated position puts undue strain on the back, because instead of transferring the weight of the human body to the balls of the feet, the weight is put on the vertebral column. While a person can still bear weight, the seated position is not exactly the best position for prolonged periods. While it's convenient to take a capsule or tablet of analgesics or pain medication for the muscle spasms and pain, exercises are also a good way to relieve back ache.
Here are some exercises that you can use in case you have upper back pains.
While in a seated position, put your hands behind your head–similar to how you would have them when you're making abdominal crunches. Sit up straight and try bending backwards to put your back at a curved configuration. This stretching movement would bring back relief because it would loosen much of the ligaments and joints in the upper back.
You can also do some stretching exercises while standing up. This will be the opposite of the earlier mentioned exercise. Lean forward and try to feel your back stretch. You should be able to feel the sensation on your shoulders and upper back. This is an excellent back treatment, and it would be very good if you can repeat this stretch three to four times while holding the position for twenty to thirty seconds.
There are also exercises that could be done while in bed. While lying face down on bed with a pillow under your belly, try to raise your hands to the ceiling. Rotate your shoulders as needed to allow you to increase your range of motion accordingly. Hold the position for ten seconds and repeat for up to three times. This would also bring back relief by removing the tension on muscles of the back.
Stand up straight and try to reach your feet without having to bend your knees. This zeroes in on your back without having to put undue weight on the back. This can be a great back treatment because it absolutely loosens the ligaments of the back.
Rowing exercises could also work for the back. These could be done by taking a rod like equipment and pretending to row on one side like in a boat. The upward and downward motion of the shoulders and arms would allow the back to loosen up and decompress. This would let the muscles have a much fuller range of motion and also give the ligaments a good stretch for back relief.
These exercises might be able to provide relief from pain. But prevention is better than cure, so be sure to take a couple of minutes off every 30 minutes of sitting at your office desk. Loosen up a bit, so you can avoid muscle strain, repetitive stress injuries and other long-term back problems. When in doubt, see your doctor or chiropractor.


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Discounts are available if your wedding is midweek, short-duration or late notice. Give me a call to see if I can help.


Brew In A Bag has certain advantages over a three vessel based system, most notably in terms of convenience. While a three vessel system can be made small, collapsible and quite simple to pack away, everything you would ever need to Brew In A Bag will fit inside your pot. While a permanently installed three vessel system in your garage or shed may be quite quick to get a brew on, having a collapsible three vessel system will take a while to set up and check over and Brewing In A Bag will still get you a brew on quicker than either!
The equipment requirement for Brewing In A Bag is significantly shorter and less costly than a three vessel based brewery, you've got two less vessels for a start!
Your single vessel can be as simple as just a big pot. I did my first Brew In A Bag with just that – a big pot on the hob, no tap or hop stopper or any other bells or whistles – and it produced a perfect pint. That said, it still produces great beer and it's easier to get the wort out now that it does have a tap and hop stopper!
For single brew lengths (5 gallons) consider a 50l pot. A pretty standard 5% brew will need around 37l of water + the space that the grain takes up and you really don't want to be getting right up to the top! Before you buy however, consider where your brewing is going: Is BIAB a stopgap to get you brewing all grain beer but you intend to build a full three vessel system? Maybe you want to brew more than 5 gallons at a time (either BIAB or future three vessel)? This was my situation, so I bought a 70l pot allowing me to boil for a 10 gallon brew. As it happens this will allow for a double length 4 or 5% beer Brewed In A Bag, albeit using an offshoot process from BIAB called maxi-BIAB, more on that later.
For gas users, you can BIAB on your gas hob with great results but this ties you to brewing in your kitchen and tying up the hob for most of the day, SWMBO may not be too impressed if trying to make Sunday lunch while you brew and you will need a decent cooker hood extractor to cope with the steam from the boil. The alternative is a dedicated burner and bottle. Anything over around 7.5kW should get you a decent boil and you can take your brewing to your shed, garage or garden. If you are going to boil outside you should consider some form of wind break to make sure you get the maximum heat into the bottom of your pot. If you have a big pot, then you could consider a paella pan burner to give more heating area or the more standard square ones.
For electricity users the consideration really is only the number and type of elements to fit to your pot. Much discussion exists on this topic in various brewery build threads, the general consensus though is that two kettle (or other "proper") elements should be plenty for even a double length brew.
One hole in your pot that you really do need is a drain. Siphoning your wort out from your pot is possible but is time consuming and tends to result in a lot of "break material" making its way to the FV. Also it would be next to impossible to use a siphon system with a counterflow wort chiller if that is your preference. Draining is either through the side of the pot or the bottom. There are numerous boiler build project threads which discuss the relative merits of bottom Vs side draining and false bottoms Vs hop strainers and myriad designs for all. Except for the restrictions imposed by using gas as a heat source, every option comes down to personal preference and circumstance. My own set up is currently a side drain with a single tube scavenger/hop stopper.
Another addition you might consider is a sight glass, a clear polycarbonate tube emanating from near the bottom of your boiler and running up the side giving an indication of the fill level.
The only really BIAB-only piece of kit you'll have to invest in is a grain bag. There are commercial models available but they won't fit a big pot, you'll have to befriend a seamstress to get one made. Pure cotton muslin voile is ideal as is the nylon voile used for curtains. Just remember that there is going to be 10kg of wet grain in there at the end of the mash. Seams need to be triple stitched and taped and a drawstring on the top is a must. Tapes running under the bag and crossing in the middle of the bottom panel mean that the pressure on the bottom seams and material is reduced. Simply cut a circle 5cm larger diameter than the external diameter of your pot, then a rectangle with one edge about 10cm longer than your pot is high and the other edge about 5cm longer than the circumference of the circle you just cut: so that's length = (3.14 x (pot diameter + 5) ) + 5.
The chances are that you already have a plastic paddle if you came from kit brewing and this is ideal for BIAB, if not, they are inexpensive and readily available.
A decent thermometer is a must. A digital meat thermometer is ideal and one of the "stick it in and leave it in the oven" ones is best, you can dangle the probe in your mash and leave it there. Better still, they usually have high and low alarms on them so you can set a "my mash is too cool" alarm.
Essential in all grain brewing to make sure your mash has been efficient enough and to help hit the gravities specified in your recipes.
Ideal for extracting wort from between the pot and bag for testing! A ladle would also work pretty well but is more awkward.
You'll need a bucket (your intended FV will be fine) and another vessel of some kind – I use a jam pan.
You need to time your mash, boil and additions. Most brewing software has built in timers – I now use Beersmith Lite on the iPad for my brewday timing.
Some method of cooling your wort is required. This can be as simple as just leaving your FV to cool in a cold place (outside or a bath of cold water), a dedicated canister for cooling, an immersion or a counterflow chiller.
Most brewing software can handle BIAB equipment and mash profiles. Personally I chose Beersmith and, with some tweaking here and there, I've got profiles that are starting to work well with my equipment.
A big balloon whisk, electric hand whisk or my personal favourite, the paint mixing paddle and cordless drill!
With your equipment all gathered, a shot of courage and a healthy dose of optimism it's time to crack on and Brew In Your Bag. Here's a simple recipe to get you started, based in fair part on Graham Wheeler's Hooky Bitter Recipe (and I thoroughly recommend his book "Brew Your Own British Real Ale", the recipes are easily workable into a BIAB friendly form) and which was also my first and turned out really well.
You can make life easy on yourself by just ordering the whole recipe from those suppliers happy to do so.
Both The Malt Miller (recipe not yet online but if you email Rob he'll do it) and The Homebrew Company have agreed to supply the recipe in kit form.
Note that the The Homebrew Company will provide a standard crush and so the first step of the mash time should be increased by an additional 30 mins to ensure maximum efficiency. They will also supply a whirlfloc tablet instead of Irish Moss. There is no rehydration required with these, just throw it in where the walkthrough tells you to add the rehydrated Irish Moss.
So, fill your pot with 35.5l litres of water and add a crushed Campden Tablet to neutralise any chlorine and chloramine in your tap water. Other water treatments for now are just an additional complication that you really don't need – wait until you have 20 more BIABs under your belt before you even think about it. Set your thermometer's upper alarm to 70 degrees Centigrade and dangle the probe in. Turn on as much heat as you can and start to organise everything else you'll need – do it in order, have your grain ready, your paddle etc. Stir your pot now and then just to be sure the liquor is the same temperature throughout, do it more regularly as you approach your strike temperature of 70 degrees.
Also as you get close to strike temperature, get your bag in the water, pull the opening of the bag over the lip of your pot and pull the drawstring to keep it in place. You'll have to move your thermometer probe to inside the bag too.
As soon as you have 70 degrees C, turn off the heat and start to dough in. A big jug in one hand and your mash paddle in the other and stir as you pour in your grain rather than dumping it in and trying to stir out the lumps. You can't over-stir a BIAB, so really go for it, we don't care if our grain gets waterlogged! When you are done, put on your lid and check time and temperature, note them both.
Change your thermometer alarm settings, max should be 68 degrees C and min 65 degrees C. The actual temperature you are looking for is 66.7C but just keeping it in that range should be fine.
The grain should have taken the temperature down to about 67C. You now have a choice. You can either insulate your pot so that it doesn't lose heat over the next 90 minutes or you can just warm it up whenever the alarm goes off. As I use gas and a cotton bag this is just as simple as turning on the burners and stirring until I get back up to 67 or 68 degrees. I'd probably worry about nylon bags and electric elements though so if that's your setup maybe go with the duvets/hot water cylinder jackets to keep the heat in.
Give your grain a good stir now and again – remember the low concentration of those enzymes, mix them up a bit to get the best coverage and the most out of your grain. When 90 minutes is up, fire up your heat – again, be careful with electric elements (maybe you could pull more of the bag down the outside of the pot to make sure it is away from them) – until you reach 76 degrees. Maintain this temperature for 10 minutes. This is the BIAB equivalent of a Mashout which is designed to let the amylase which makes long chain unfermentable sugar from starch continue to work but prevent the other amylase which breaks it down to fermentable maltose from doing its job thereby giving body and mouthfeel to your beer.
Put your colander in the bottom of your "other" vessel, not your FV – put it close to your pot where you can lift the bag to easily. Put your FV beside it.
When time is up, take the thermometer out then loosen the drawstring and unhook the front of your bag from the pot. Then quickly, without unhooking the bag from the rest of the pot first, pull the drawstring closed. Now slowly start to lift the bag out of the pot. Lots of wort will be trapped so you will have to wiggle, jiggle, bounce and do whatever you can to keep the wort running. Just don't squeeze or you run the risk of releasing too much tannin from the grain husks.
When the flow slows down and you feel the burn in your arm muscles transfer the bag to the colander and take a rest. Get the heat on to full to get the boil under way. As the wort heats, periodically take the bag from the colander and tip the collected wort into the pot then return the bag to the colander.
Now everything is just the same as the three vessel brewers do. Be sure to understand how your wort chiller of choice works as you will have tasks to perform towards the end of the boil to prepare it.
Just before you reach the boil, somewhere around 96 degrees, add the first batch of hops and measure your pre-boil volume and gravity, note them. Hopefully you should get around 33 litres @ 1.032.
Once you are boiling, sanitise your FV and all your fermentation bits and pieces, lid and airlock and bung and what have you. Prepare your chiller if you have such a thing.
After 65 minutes from when your wort actually starts to boil, use your turkey baster to add half a mugful of wort to your Irish Moss to rehydrate it.
After a further 15 minutes chuck the mugful of wort and Irish Moss into the pot along with the second batch of hops. If you are using an immersion chiller, you should put it in now but don't turn the water on. If you are using a counterflow, you could sterilize the thing by running some hot wort to your FV and tipping it back into the boiler – you would ideally want to re-sanitise your FV.
Boil for a further 10 minutes and take another sample, chill to around 20 degrees and measure your gravity and your volume. Hopefully you now have about 27 or 28 litres in your pot @ 1.040.
If you are over gravity but under volume the chances are your efficiency is right, just add some water to bring your volume up and your gravity down. If you are over volume and under gravity then again, your efficiency is probably right but your boil off rate is wrong change it in your software next time out. This brew however you can either just ferment it and get a weaker beer or keep boiling. This will affect your 10 minute hop addition though, you would probably want to add a bit more Fuggle once you are closer to the 27l. Another alternative in this case is to use malt extract to bump up the gravity, just dissolve it in a little hot water and add it. If you are up on gravity but right on volume then you are more efficient, just ferment it for a stronger beer or you could liquor back to the right gravity and get more beer at the right strength. If you are on gravity but under volume, again just make do with less beer at the right strength.
Next step is to get your wort out of the boiler and chilled. If you haven't used an immersion chiller you will have the "cold break material" in the collection vessel. You could rack from the collection vessel to your FV to remove this debris once cool, it should ensure a clearer beer.
Once you are down to the required pitching temperature of your yeast, you need to aerate your wort (you want to see a really good foamy head), pitch your yeast, add your lid and airlock if you use one and tuck it up at 18 degrees to ferment.
After 5 or 6 days rack to a clean FV and add the final batch of hops, then leave it alone for a further 10-14 days.
Bottling or kegging is the same as you would for kits or extract brews you may have done, in this case use around 4.7g/l for a nice aley-but-lively carbonation.
Leave it in the warm until the bottles clear again. It should come into drinking condition about 3 weeks after that.
You need to consider several things, some of which are specific to your equipment.
Notice that there is no allowance for deadspace. That will just be rolled up with the hops and trub and gunk.
I want 23l in my FV.
3.88kg of grain once drained sitting on a colander will contain 2.37l of water (610g of water per kilo of dry grain).
Although with a pure water run, my boiler only leaves one litre, used in anger it is much much more. 3.8l there.
Then boil off. My 70l pot boils off 3.5l per hour. That's 5.25l This varies with the surface area of your pot, the intensity of your boil, the atmospheric conditions etc.
I've worked all that calculation into an Excel brew sheet to make life easier if you and equations just don't get on. Get the BIAB Brewsheet.
Measuring your initial volume is easy, you have a jug, just add it litre by litre and keep count. Alternatively, if you have accurate enough scales you could add as many kilos of water from a hose from your tap as you need litres. Just remember that lifting a pot with 36kg water in it isn't for the faint hearted!
If you have a sight glass things get really easy, calibrate it once and just add water until you get to where you want to be.
But what about pre- and post-boil volumes if you don't have a sight glass? It's maths time! Measure the internal diameter of your pot. Note it down. Add, using a jug, your starting volume then measure the height from the water surface to the top of the pot.
Empty volume = 21.5 x (44.5 / 2) X (44.5 / 2) x 3.14 = 33421 cubic cms.
There are 1000 cubic cms to the litre so that's 33.421 litres.
"Why don't you just do that for the whole height of the pot?" I hear you ask… Well the bottom of the pot has your metal work in it and also has rounded corners etc. whereas the top of the pot can pretty safely be assumed to have straight sides.
The other method for in-brew measurement is to build yourself a calibrated dip-stick. To do this all you need is a suitable thin stick and some time before your brew to add a litre of water, dip the stick, mark it, add a litre of water, dip the stick, mark it, add a …. You get the idea.
Really, write down as much as you can! It helps you understand your kit and makes planning future brews more accurate.
Recalculating your initial water volume.
No doubt your pre- and post-boil and in-FV volumes from your first BIAB were wrong. Hardly surprising, everyone's kit is different and will have different properties.
If you have taken proper notes you will know your pre-boil volume. Subtract that from the total you started with to get your total grain absorption. Divide by the total weight of dry grain to get your new grain absorption rate.
Next you know your post boil volume. Subtract that from your pre-boil volume and divide by the number of hours you boiled for. There's your new boil off rate.
Next you know your volume in your FV. Subtract that from your post-boil volume to get your new hops + deadspace + trub loss volume. Subtract the hop absorption from that to give your new dead space and trub constant volume.
Use these figures when you calculate your next brew and you should get a lot nearer. Bear in mind though, that big brews and mega-hopped brews will likely throw your rates and constants out a bit. Just beware and remember to take notes!
Again, I've worked that into the BIAB Brewsheet too, just fill in all the values on your brewday and it'll work out all the stuff that wasn't quite right.
ThAts brilliant thanks, does anyone have pictures of their biab set ups so I can get an idea of space requirements and that?
Thegoldenheap wrote: does anyone have pictures of their biab set ups so I can get an idea of space requirements and that?
But in essence it is just a 70l steel pot. It measures 45cm in diameter and 45cm in height. It fits rather neatly on my gas stove.
And that's it! The rest is just buckets to drop the bag into and collect the runnings that didn't stay in the pot.
Thegoldenheap wrote: ThAts brilliant thanks, does anyone have pictures of their biab set ups so I can get an idea of space requirements and that?
Really nice guide there Calum, well done. If it's ok with the mod team I'd recommend the calculators over at BIABbrewer, the basic calc got me through about my first 10 brews really well and for the more advanced their BIABacus is a beast. Takes a lot of guess work out of the equation!
I'd also like to recommend customBIAB for their bags. Mine is still going strong and was worth the wait. It's the wife of a member on JBK who makes them to order. Great quality although there is a waiting list for these.
Last edited by Cpt.Frederickson on Thu Apr 17, 2014 10:34, edited 1 time in total.
I will look out for a pot, what one is yours?
Looks like a bergland to me.
Not so easy to get your hands on in the UK any more as they have a UK distributor now.
The Malt Miller sells them as do a couple of other brew shops.
Last edited by HoppyG on Sun Apr 13, 2014 18:35, edited 1 time in total.
Another place worth a look is HomeBrewBuilder. Good for custom jobs and a decent fella to deal with. Currently working out details for my new setup with him, but I know lots of others on here have bought stuff from him and are extremely satisfied.
Ha! I'll dig it out and add it!
Brilliant guide, thanks! Will be giving BIAB a go, just sorting equipment and tidying my brewing area in the garage first.
Yes great guide Calum, thankyou.
Fantastic guide Calum, I'm looking into getting the bits and bobs for a BIAB system and this has been massively helpful to me.
Let us know how you go!! And we want pictures!
Calum, Just a quick one, when you mention about chilling the wort, you say "Next step is to get your wort out of the boiler and chilled"
You need to get it out of the boiler.
You need to get it chilled.
Whichever order is fine, personally I transfer hot wort and leave it to cool in the FV. I have no issue with fermenting on the cold break material. Others have immersion chillers which cool in the boiler, other still have counterflow chillers which chill between boiler and FV.
There are pros and cons to each and it's a debate that will rage on for many years to come.


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The Hide Unselected command will hide all objects which currently are not selected. This is an easy way to hide objects you are not currently working with.
You can use the Show All command or the Scene Editor to restore hidden elements.


certain status of vegetables in case of washing or treating.
This product contains not only exterial looking just like Elien eye in movie, but also special function that users can notice the certain information of status of vegetables simultaneously during washing and scanning your vegatables. Due to this, you can reduce and manage your work even more better than the other times.


Yep, that Italian tomato that makes delicious marinara is also making people more productive — 25 minutes at a time.
The Pomodoro Technique developed by Francesco Cirillo in the 1980s relies on the most simple of premises: set a timer for 25 minutes (you can buy that cute tomato timer but any timer will work!) and focus on your task — and only your task — for that entire time.
That means no remembering that you were going to make a quick phone call; no responding in a Pavlovian style to the seductive ding of the email; no remembering you were going to celebrate Fran in accounting's birthday (if you work in an office); and no deciding to toss in laundry or thaw dinner if you work at home.
Once your "Pomodoro" (that's what devotees call each 25-minute segment) is over, you can take a break and focus on something else and then start with your next Pomodoro. How long is a break? About 5 minutes which makes sense if you are doing two Pomodoros in an hour. And then after four Pomodoros, you can take a longer break…and I think a whole Pomodoro sounds about right!
Now this is harder than it sounds. I decided to put the method to the test by breaking this assignment into three "Pomodoros." The first one was to do research (I had already started). The second was to write as much as I could in 25 minutes and the third was to refine.
Well since the first Pomodoro was devoted to Internet research, you can guess where that went. Right, to social networks. Man, I love them! I turned my attention back but one of the most fascinating articles was from the Wall Street Journal which reminded me that I had meant to send an article to a client last week that I thought would interest her. So, the timer rang. Dang. Not done.
Second segment: Writing. That was easier. But I was typing away when my son came over and needed help with algebra. Well that's not going to happen, but I dutifully looked at the paper, said I didn't get it and handed it back and resumed typing. As he watched me type he noticed all the red squiggly lines and asked why my spelling was so bad. I told him that part of writing everything in your head is just typing as fast as you can and using your Pomodoro to its full advantage.
After the writing part, I will move onto the third 25-minute Pomodoro where l go back and spell check, then edit, then print and do a hard copy proofreading. And then one final edit before I post. That will likely take more than 25 minutes but it's one of those tasks that once I've started, I am going to finish even if it takes longer than the allotted 25 minutes. And I know that I won't have trouble focusing on that Pomodoro, just like I wouldn't have had trouble focusing on the second one, the writing, if there hadn't been that little algebra emergency.
And I think that's one of the keys to the Pomodoro Technique and productivity in general….figure out the things that make it hard for you to focus and eliminate them. If surfing for research makes it hard for you not to surf on over to social networks or other websites, then turn them off. Close out your email browser till the timer rings and then use your break to do something rewarding, which in my case is checking your email.
I found the Pomodoro Technique was very helpful not only for work tasks, but onerous chores as well. For some reason, knowing that I only had 25 minutes to clean the kitchen and mop my floors seemed to make me work faster. And even though I used to use a modified version of this by keeping my eyes on the clock there's something about a timer counting down that is far more useful than a clock.
When I was working on the kitchen/floor project, I was so tempted to be distracted by a stack of mail and then some produce that I wanted to have ready in the fridge. But I didn't. I stuck with the kitchen/floors, kept my eye on the timer and even though I ended up needing 15 extra minutes I felt SO accomplished when I was done.
In the past I have struggled with the concept of doing one task start to finish. The old me, the one without the timer clicking in my face, would have tackled the mail under the premise that I might as well just get it done. But it would have led to me needing to pay a bill, or schedule an appointment and would have totally derailed the kitchen task. And I never would have wanted to return to it. So, by forcing myself to power through I got an amazing sense of accomplishment by actually finishing it rather than halfing it and having it hanging over my head all morning.
I was pleasantly surprised at how productive the Pomodoro Technique made me. It also helped me realistically divide my day into bite-sized tasks. I am pretty good at this already, because I bill lots of my clients by time, much like a lawyer would. But I can see how people who are not used to estimating the time that a project takes could be challenged by that. The key, I think, is to do your 25 minutes and then you get to think to yourself, "Do I want to invest another Pomodoro and get this done?" or take your break. Sometimes you'll do one, sometimes the other. But you will get better at estimating how long a task will take.
Do you REALLY want to push the productivity envelope? I think combining the Pomodoro Technique with the batching method would let you take on the world. Or, if combining the words "batching" and "pomodoro" make you want to make a whole bunch of spaghetti sauce like it does me, well, your freezer — and your family and friends — will thank you!


text:
Negatief groen is een benaming gebruikt in het begin van de 20e eeuw door de Franse onderzoekers L. Chaumery en Arnold de Belizal voor een straling die alleen met een speciaal soort pendel met een sterk doordringend vermogen te meten zou zijn. Deze speciale pendel (zie figuur) is een staafje met een schijf die in de hoogte kan worden versteld. De hoek tussen de onderkant van de pendel en de rand van de schijf is een maat voor de te meten "kleur". Deze pendel is ontwikkeld voor wat men fysische radiësthesiemetingen noemt.

De straling die deze pendel zou opsporen, wordt volgens de theorie in het bijzonder gevonden bij piramides en halve bollen.
Chaumery en Belizal beweren dat negatief groen eigenschappen heeft die zeer schadelijk zijn voor levende wezens bij langdurige blootstelling. Deze eigenschap zou teniet worden gedaan door iets af te wijken van de zuivere vorm van de piramide (het minieme deukje in de zijvlakken van de grote piramide in Egypte?) of de halve bol. Zie ook de artikelen over piramidologie en biogeometrie.

In een poging een sterker effect te krijgen heeft Chaumery onderzoek gedaan met een serie van halve bollen. Daarmee kon hij naar eigen zeggen vlees, eieren, vis en bloemen mummificeren. Volgens verhalen gaat een in een piramide geplaatste tomaat niet rotten, maar verdrogen.

Wetenschappelijk Perspectief
De theorie over negatief groen wordt niet erkend door natuurwetenschappers en wordt beschouwd als pseudowetenschap.

Bronnen
L. Chaumery en A. de Belizal: Essai de Radiesthésie Vibratoire
A. de Belizal en P.A. Morel: Physique Micro-Vibratoire et Forces Invisibles

Esoterie
Pseudowetenschap


Do you remember the first time you played Guitar Hero? It seems odd looking back, but it seemed like the game spread mostly by word of mouth. One of your friends bought Guitar Hero, and then everyone who played it got hooked and bought their own copy. Now Guitar Hero is a cultural icon, and for some freakish reason pretending to play music on a plastic instrument is actually considered cool in some circles. Just how big has Guitar Hero become? Activision has sent us some information on the sales of the game, so let's break down Guitar Hero by the numbers.
These aren't large numbers, in the same way the vastness of outer space couldn't really be described as "roomy." These are company-making sales. In fact, Activision posted net revenues of $1.5 billion for the fiscal year ending on March 31, 2007. There has been a South Park episode. Rock Band was released, but so far hasn't come close to matching these sales (although their download business is going very well, thank you). People play Guitar Hero at bars, they use their projectors to play on the sides of houses. People get together weekly to see how much they can five-star.


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You are here: Home / Big wind industry / Rigged Rules: Why Wind Turbine Noise 'Regulations' Are Totally Inadequate
Rigged Rules: Why Wind Turbine Noise 'Regulations' Are Totally Inadequate
Governments have spent 30 years covering up the adverse effects of wind turbine noise on neighbours, ably assisted by the wind industry's pet acoustic consultants: Three Decades of Wind Industry Deception: A Chronology of a Global Conspiracy of Silence and Subterfuge
Australia can count its ethical acoustic engineers on one hand. The majority of them sold their souls to the wind industry for 30 pieces of silver long ago.
Men like Steven Cooper, Dr Bob Thorne and Les Huson demonstrate the ethics and integrity one associates with a learned profession. But there are plenty of others who've chosen dollars over decency, and who will do and say anything that their wind industry paymasters tell them to, right down to throwing fictitious figures into bogus noise-'compliance' reports: Pacific Hydro & Acciona's Acoustic 'Consultant' Fakes 'Compliance' Reports for Non-Compliant Wind Farms
The connection between pulsing, low-frequency wind turbine noise and neuro-physiological effects has already been made by the Max Planck Institute in Germany: Wind Farm Victim's Smoking Gun: German Research Reveals Infrasound Exposure Causes Stress, Sleep Disruption & More
Over the last decade, Steven Cooper has been working on the correct methods needed to properly measure the noise generated by industrial wind turbines and its effects on sleep and health.
In his latest effort, Steven teamed up with Christopher Chan to publish the following paper.
Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms
Acoustics 2020 (2) 416-450
Steven Cooper and Christopher Chan
An issue exists around the world of wind farms that comply with permit conditions giving rise to noise complaints. Approval limits are normally expressed in A‐weighted levels (dB(A)) external to residential receivers. The distance from the wind farm to residential receivers can result in difficulty in establishing the dB(A) contribution of the wind farm, as the overall noise includes background noise that can provide masking of the wind turbine noise.
The determination of the ambient background at a receiver location (without the influence of the wind farm) presents challenges, as the background level varies with the wind and different seasons throughout the year. On‐off testing of wind farms does not normally occur at high wind farm output and limits this approach for acoustic compliance testing of a wind farm. The use of a regression analysis method developed more than 20 years ago is questioned. Anomalies with respect to compliance procedures and the regression method of analysis based on real‐world experience are discussed.
Noise guidelines/standards/policies for wind farms around the world have a range of noise levels, with the majority of the limits based on a version of an Leq metric using the A‐weighted level.
In Australia, the assessment and compliance testing of wind farms is based on the regression line method originally developed in the UK.
Some wind farms in Australia and New Zealand give raise to noise complaints, to the extent that residents abandon their homes—despite the wind farm being "acoustically compliant" with the relevant permit conditions (based upon the regression line method).
Australian courts rely upon the guidelines produced by planning or environmental authorities—notwithstanding that there is no evidence-based material to support the noise criteria specified for wind farms or verify that there will be no impact.
The operation of a wind farm requires wind. It is acknowledged that the presence of wind causes the ambient noise to increase.
The generation of inaudible wind turbine noise (i.e., contributions below the threshold of hearing) that gave rise to people (with an exposure to turbine noise over a number of years) being able to identify the operation of the test signal has led to questions raised in this technical advice.
The Cape Bridgewater Study identified a correlation of the A‐weighted level with the wind speed, not the power output of the wind farm. It is relatively easy to identify unique narrow band spectral components associated with the operation of a wind farm. However, determining the A-weighted
contribution of the wind farm to validate predicted levels is difficult.
Derivation of the wind farm noise dB(A) contribution requires separating the wind turbine noise from the wind affected ambient noise and the residual ambient noise.
The focus of this technical article has been to identify challenges to the derivation of the wind turbine contribution. From the perspective of psychoacoustics, it is essential to determine the actual noise contribution of a wind farm in the environment in which it occurs.
If one is unable to determine the contribution of the wind turbine noise as part of the existing ambient noise, then one is unable to evaluate the effectiveness of predicted noise levels.
If the predicted levels are incorrect, then the use of the A‐weighted dose response curves provided by Pedersen et al. Keith et al., Davy, Janssen, Kuwano or the WHO may be inappropriate.
Similarly, sleep studies into noise from wind turbines could be determining the wrong threshold levels.
Two case studies have provided the results of testing to identify the A‐weighted level of wind for the instrumentation used for the unattended logging of the ambient noise, and the identification of an additional wind based component of the ambient being related to wind on vegetation. The two
case studies were free of wind turbine noise and reveal, that in low ambient environments, the influence of wind induced vegetation noise requires larger separation distances than suggested by Hansen and Bolin.
Two case studies have identified issues with respect to compliance testing and question the ability to suggest a wind farm will be acoustically compliant at all times.
Issues with respect to the acoustic compliance testing of operational wind farms in Australia have identified that additional research is required in determining the actual wind farm noise contribution over a range of operating parameters before one can establish full acoustic compliance.
If one is unable to determine the noise contribution of a wind farm (inside or outside a dwelling) then for wind turbine sleep studies undertaken in a laboratory, what noise levels should be used?
The consequence of the determination of the real noise contribution of wind farms at receiver locations could require a review of noise levels that have been used (and are currently being used) for planning purposes and in psychoacoustic research into wind farm noise.
Acoustics 2020 (2) 416-450 [PDF version of full article]
Filed Under: Big wind industry, Big wind politics, Health, noise Tagged With: low frequency wind turbine noise, Measuring wind turbine noise, noise regulations, research into wind turbine noise, Sleep disruption wind turbine noise, Steven Cooper acoustics, Steven Cooper Cape Bridgewater, Steven Cooper wind farm report, wind farm acoustics, Wind farm noise regulations, Wind farm noise research, wind farm noise standards, wind farms noise sleep health
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Andreas Demmig says:
I have translated and reblogged it on
https://www.eike-klima-energie.eu/2020/07/30/zurechtgebogene-regeln-warum-die-laermschutzbestimmungen-fuer-windkraftanlagen-voellig-unzureichend-sind/
In Ontario we have an acoustic engineer whose bio states that his "favourite part ……… is the breadth of knowledge in the company that constantly allows for innovation and re-writing of the technical rules used in the industry."
Jacqueline Rovensky says:
And the Development Planning Codes Commission in SA recommendation with respect to turbine noise is to hand it over to the SA EPA to handle – a Government Department which has shown a complete lack of knowledge, expertise and understanding of how these massive industrial turbines produce noise.
They don't even seem to want to know, as long as the Industry can hand them some nonsense to use.
With something so important to the life and health of this Nation you would think the noise from these turbines would be up there at the pinnacle of desire for knowledge and understanding.
Even with free input from people like Steven Cooper they seem to struggle with the concept that huge blades connected to multiple enormous machines spread across many acres of land, being turned by the ever changing winds strength and direction could create anything other than a benign whisper.
Oh how good it would be to be so stupid and get paid for it.
Noel Dean says:
In relation to noise compliance at our former property at Waubra,compliance has been claimed by the operator, when there was no noise investigation being done outside within 10 mts of our former dwelling.
At the Waubra Wind Farm, like most wind farms in Victoria, there is no noise limit written in the noise conditions of the development approval. But a level of 40dBA LA95 is specified, meaning that a level of 40dBA is allowed to be exceeded for 95 per cent of the measurement period, which is therefore only considering the quietest 5 per cent of the time under investigation.
When this is considered in the night time period, whereby the noise level must not exceed the level for more than 10 per cent of the night time period, this is not possible as LA95 considers only the quietest 5 per cent of the night time period. Which begs the question, is this compliance? Wind farm operators pay for their so called independent acoustic reports, that are NOT independent of the wind farm operator in question, or rely on reports that do not exist.
Noel Dean
andreasmarciniak says:
Reblogged this on ajmarciniak and commented:
uwe.roland.gross says:
Reblogged this on uwerolandgross.


The New York and South Florida based design firm Frances Herrera Interior Design recently introduced the "Dayzine," a luxury one-day makeover service that's timely and cost-effective for home, business or even yacht owners who want the attractive cohesion of professionally designed space without having to start from scratch.
Frances Herrera Interior Design also offers full-service transformations.
To learn more, visit www.francesherrera.com or call 866.605.8111.


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In 1986 a concerned group of people joined forces to improve the system's response to sexually abused children. Their goals were to sensitize the system to the needs of these young victims by reducing the number of interviews a child must go through, limiting the number of professionals with whom a child must have contact, and expediting these cases through the judicial system. After much research, numerous meetings, and visits to existing Advocacy Centers across the country, the Sangamon County Child Advocacy Center (SCCAC) was established on July 10, 1989.
In 1992 the Sangamon County Child Advocacy Center hired an Educator to work with area schools to educate both students and teachers. The child sexual abuse prevention programs are presented to approximately 5,000 children each year in grades K-6. The SCCAC prevention program has received national attention and the curriculum has been requested for duplication throughout the state and nationally.
In 1994, the Sangamon County Child Advocacy Center added a treatment component so that children who have been victims didn't have to wait to receive counseling. SCCAC contracts with therapists from the community to provide this much needed service for our clients. Trauma Focus-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is offered for victims and/or non-offending family members at no cost.
In 1995, the Child Advocacy Center adopted the CASA program, previously administered by the YWCA of Springfield. A CASA is a Court Appointed Special Advocate, trained volunteer, who is appointed by a judge to represent the best interest of a child in court. CASA cases involve children who have been victims of abuse and neglect.
In 2019, the Sanagmon County Child Advocacy Center celebrated its 30th anniversary, with continued hope that each child who comes to the SCCAC senses an environment of protection and safety.
> Mike Robinson
> Zach Thomas


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Touch Rugby prepares for SPG
Tuesday, 15 May 2007 15:21 PM
The Solomon Islands touch rugby team is hard at training for the South Pacific Games.
Senior player Paul Berry says that the squad is going through the same phase like all other sporting groups. The only problem is having access to a proper field.
"We are short of technical support and resources that should help to facilitate the requirements of a touch team" Berry said. "So we rely much on individual attendance to our rugby clubs training session" Berry said that the biggest challenge is passing the NOCSI fitness tests that have been going on for the past weeks.
"Starting on Monday we will use the KGVI pitch with the Matangiki rugby club and others for the remaining months leading up to the South Pacific Games. Hopefully we will get more time together to work on drills, conditioning and so on", said Paul Berry.
All the players have been involved in touch rugby for awhile and most of the new players came voluntarily hoping to make the final cut.


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Boy with stage four cancer rings bell after chemo treatments as honorary police officer
Joshua Salmoiraghi, who has been battling advanced lung cancer, celebrated at Children's Hospital Colorado. The 4-year-old is a honorary police officer.
Boy with stage four cancer rings bell after chemo treatments as honorary police officer Joshua Salmoiraghi, who has been battling advanced lung cancer, celebrated at Children's Hospital Colorado. The 4-year-old is a honorary police officer. Check out this story on sctimes.com: https://usat.ly/2vZPEqO
USA Today NetworkAshley May, USA TODAY Published 7:29 a.m. CT Aug. 20, 2018 | Updated 12:42 p.m. CT Aug. 21, 2018
Joshua Salmoiraghi, a stage-four cancer patient, completed his last round of chemotherapy for liver cancer, Colorado Springs Police Department announced Sunday. Joshua is an honorary police officer with the department.(Photo: Courtesy of Joseph Salmoiraghi)
A 4-year-old honorary Colorado Springs police officer rang a bell following his last chemotherapy treatment, police said Sunday.
Joshua Salmoiraghi, who has been battling advanced cancer, ran through a line of cheering hospital staffers and loved ones to ring a bell signifying the end of a long journey. Several members of the Colorado Springs Police Department were also there. He wore a Captain America T-shirt for the occasion.
Joshua's last round of chemotherapy was rough — "mentally, emotionally and physically," his father Joseph told USA TODAY. He lost his hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, nose hairs, and was often ill.
"He just was getting sick and tired of getting sick and tired," Joseph said.
Hospital bells like the one Joshua rang in Children's Hospital Colorado in Aurora typically indicate a patient is cancer-free.
But, Joshua's cancer battle isn't over. He will undergo radiation therapy on his chest in the coming weeks. Dad Joseph is hopeful this will be his son's last battle with cancer, but there is a chance the cancer could return.
"We're excited, but we are guarded just because we don't know what the next few months will hold," he said. "You can never know if it's fully gone."
Last year on Father's Day weekend, Joshua was diagnosed with stage IV kidney cancer (Wilm's Tumor) at age three. The tumor spread to his abdomen lymph nodes and his lungs. Doctors removed the tumor and his left kidney, and Joshua underwent chemotherapy and radiation therapy to his abdomen. In December he was in remission, but in mid-January a tumor was discovered in left lung.
Update on Officer Joshua.
Great news! Joshua completed his last round of chemo for liver cancer and got to ring the bell Sunday afternoon at Children's Hospital in Denver! #cancersucks#StayPositive#staystrong#thoughtsandprayers#thinkingofyou#childhoodcancerawarenesspic.twitter.com/4OOm7brvtq
— Springs Police (@CSPDPIO) August 19, 2018
Joshua's father is a disabled veteran and pastor, while his mother is a major in the United States Air Force stationed at Peterson Air Force Base. Joshua has two older brothers. A GoFundMe has been set up to help for the family.
Lt. Howard Black told USA TODAY Joshua has a "vivacious" personality, and the entire Colorado Springs community "has really adopted him."
Black said the officers are in contact with Joshua's family at least weekly.
In his April non-traditional police oath, Joshua promised to obey his parents, be kind to others and share his toys with his brothers.
"I will be brave," Joshua said. "I will always remember that I am loved by many and I am now a member of the Colorado Springs Police Department."
Joshua hopes to "fly helicopters" and "save people" one day, his dad said.
Janet Oravetz of KUSA-TV, Denver, contributed to this report. Follow Ashley May on Twitter: @AshleyMayTweets
Read or Share this story: https://usat.ly/2vZPEqO


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The richest man in Russia bought James Watson's Nobel prize just so he could return it
The father of DNA may be a great scientist, but he's also got some rather racist opinions. (AP Photo/Markus Schreiber)
Rachel Feltman
Freelancer, Editor at Popular Science Magazine
Dec. 9, 2014 at 3:51 p.m. UTC
After much hubbub over the sale of his Nobel prize for the discovery of the DNA's double helix, James Watson was parted from his medal for all of a few days. Bloomberg reports that Alisher Usmanov -- owner of the Arsenal soccer club, richest man in Russia, and purchaser of Watson's Nobel for $4.1 million -- plans on returning the scientist's prize.
Watson put his prize (along with two documents related to the award, which another buyer spent over $600,000 on) on the auction block because he'd been ostracized from the academic community. He blames a 2007 interview where he expressed the belief that some races are less intelligent than others. But others say he has a long list of sexist and racist remarks under his belt, and that his contributions to science shouldn't excuse him.
"In my opinion, a situation in which an outstanding scientist has to sell a medal recognizing his achievements is unacceptable," Usmanov said in a statement. "James Watson is one of the greatest biologists in the history of mankind and his award for the discovery of DNA structure must belong to him."
Usmanov said that he'd been motivated by his father's death from cancer -- a disease he believes that Watson's discoveries have made invaluable contributions to curing.
When you include the commission charged by the auction house, Usmanov's gesture cost him nearly $5 million. But with a net worth of nearly $19 billion, I guess that's not such a big deal.
"It is important for me that the money that I spent on this medal will go to supporting scientific research, and the medal will stay with the person who deserved it," he said in a statement. Indeed, Watson has said he intends to donate most of the money to academic institutions -- presumably so he can regain positions of influence there.
Who knows, maybe the sale of Watson's cherished award will become an annual thing.
Related: Watson rakes in nearly $4.8 million in auction


The Waltham CDI is a GMT watch inspired by the legendary Waltham Civil Date Indicator Aeronautical (CDIA) Clock, chosen by U.S. Navy Air force for its aircrafts during the World War II, such as the F6F Hellcat and the emblematic B24 Liberator.
The new Aeronaval CDI reinterprets the main innovative functions of its predecessor, combining technological features and high-quality materials enhanced by distinctive time readability. This is a high-end mechanical self-winding wristwatch powered by the Caliber W.DB-002 Dubois-Dépraz 331 movement. In addition to the 24-hour GMT hand, the CDI is unique due to the innovative central date indicator. The time zone and date settings can be adjusted with a simple touch using the original three-button feature on the side of the case.
It boasts a multi-laired Titanium G5 angular shaped 47mm case. The dial shadows the angular case design, with an interact embossed W pattern on different colored backgrounds. The particular second hand is angled upward, and the indexes and numbers are coated with Super-LumiNova® for maximum readability in all lighting conditions. The ceramic bezel is made of zirconium oxide. The sapphire crystal has an anti-reflective treatment. The watchband is in genuine VulCarboné® vulcanized rubber, and features an originally designed Titanium G2 déployante clasp. Finally, it is water resistant up to 300mts/30 bars. A combination of features that makes this watch an icon of contemporary luxury for men of unparalleled refinement.
Octagonal Titanium G5 all black PVD case, engraved with the distinctive watch ID Number.


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Die Tour de Bohemia war ein Etappenrennen in der Tschechoslowakei und später in Tschechien. Es wurde in Böhmen, dem westlichen Landesteil, von 1968 bis 2004 ausgetragen. Veranstalter war der tschechoslowakische, später der tschechische Radsportverband.

Geschichte
Nach der ČSSR-Rundfahrt (ab 1953) und der Slowakei-Rundfahrt (ab 1954) wurde das Rennen als drittes internationales Etappenrennen in der Tschechoslowakei begründet. Die Tour de Bohemia war Bestandteil des internationalen UCI-Kalenders für Amateure und fand im Juli statt.  Ab 1994 trug das Rennen für zwei Jahre den Namen "Bohemia Crystal Tour" und wurde ein Rennen der Elite-Klasse. Ab 1998 wurde es "Ytong Bohemia Tour" genannt. 2004 fand das Rennen zum letzten Mal statt. In der Regel führte die Rundfahrt über fünf Etappen und wurde mit einem Prolog eröffnet. 2004, im letzten Jahr der Austragung, gab es nur zwei Etappen.

Nachfolgerennen
Von 2012 bis 2014 gab es Radrennen mit dem Namen Bohemia Tour, das als Eintagesrennen von České Budějovice nach Prag veranstaltet wurde. 2015 bis 2017 wurde das Rennen unter dem Namen East Bohemia Tour als Etappenrennen weiter veranstaltet.

Ergebnisse

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Radsportwettbewerb in der Tschechoslowakei
Ehemaliger Straßenradsport-Wettbewerb
Erstveranstaltung 1968
Letzte Veranstaltung 2004


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Tibetan wood carving : Craft for the Art
1:38 pm	| April 17, 2018	| Comments 2
Tibetan wood carving is a sublime art. Everything from Dalai Lama's throne to incense boxes and Chemar bowls, has imprints of it. The signs of art of wood carving can be traced to as far as 7th century Tsuglakghang in Lhasa constructed during reign of King Songtsen Gampo. Wooden table paintings were also unique and popular during those times. That was said to be another branch of Tibetan art. Subjects and pictorial composition of these wooden table paintings are similar to those of thangka paintings.
Two well-crafted and decorated dramyins
Beautiful wooden engravings have lavishly decorated the columns, beams, doors, windows, cross beam supports etc in Tibetan monasteries and temples. Even shrines, platforms for deities, altars, stupas and other ritualistic objects were usually adorned with wood carvings. It has also been used in decorating traditional musical string instruments…like Dramyins and Piwangs.
Passang Tobgyal playing a Piwang
Motifs normally used in wood carvings are similar to other Tibetan arts. Various types of flowers, mountains, clouds, other elements of nature as well as religious symbols are represented. Since in Tibetan Buddhism there is a typical style of drawing of every symbol, hence craftsman have to master the art of carving the vast repertoire of motifs and designs. Tibetan culture is so much influenced by Buddhism that although wood carving itself is not a religious art but many the motifs used have religious significance.
A craftsman working on an instrument
Though not a flourishing art, because the younger Tibetan generation has different choices, still there are some craftsman, giving their life and dedication to wood carving. Passang Topgyal is one of such master craftsman at Mcleodganj. He studied Tibetan traditional art of wood carving at Norbulingka Institute at SIdhpur in Dharamshala for six years and now designs many items including traditional musical instruments. Most of them go as souvenirs with foreign tourists to different parts of the world.
Passang's shop and the factory attached to it
Playing such instruments is now limited to monks at monastic functions. Although there are attempts to improvise these instruments by modernising them in use, while retaining their traditional design and craft. For example Dramyins are designed also to be used as electric guitars.
Musical instruments at Passang's shop
Lack of patronage among the younger generation for the traditional music as well as the craft is posing a huge challenge for craftsman like Passang to keep the passion alive and rewarding.
Imprints of a beautiful art piece!
So next time you go to Dharamshala, don't forget to visit Passang Tobgyal's shop.
Where: Passang Tobgyal's shop of Tibetan Wood carving and Musical instruments is near Dharamshala Cantt on way to Dal lake (in Naddi village) from Mcleodganj. It is approximately two kilometres walk fro Mcleodganj town.
You can watch a short film on Passang Tobgyal on my YouTube channel by clicking on the thumbnail below.
Have you ever tried your hands on a traditional Tibetan musical instrument? Share your experience in the comments section below.
Moon says:
Interesting post! Thanks for sharing.
swamiupendra says:
My pleasure, Moon.


Image by Menchie's in Mt. P.
King Street is the only place in the Charleston are a getting covered in the frozen yogurt craze: A local branch of U.S. and Canada chain Menchie's has opened in Mount Pleasant's Belle Hall shopping center.
The Charleston City Paper spotted this one and has a bit of info on the new spot; take a read here.
The store is on Facebook and I found this buy-one-get-one-free coupon.
They're at 644 Long Point Road. (843) 654-9040. Mon - Thurs: 11 a.m. - 10 p.m.; Fri-Sat: 11 a.m. - 11 p.m.; Sun: 12 -10 p.m.
Now this is the time for all food lovers to visit Menchie's as they are providing the best food over there as per writing for companies articles. I have been planning to visit there as i am a foodie too.


IRVINE, Calif., July 31, 2018 – Bankruptcy Management Solutions, Inc. (BMS), a software and services provider to the consumer-bankruptcy and corporate-restructuring industries, announced that it has appointed Christopher Updike as General Counsel. A former corporate-restructuring attorney with Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft and then Debevoise & Plimpton, Chris will oversee BMS's legal department and also serve as an advisor on corporate and strategic initiatives.
During his law-firm career, Chris advised debtors, creditors, lenders, acquirers and other interested parties in all aspects of complex corporate restructurings, including traditional, pre-negotiated, and pre-packaged chapter 11 cases, as well as out-of-court workouts and cross-border insolvency proceedings. He was recognized as one of twelve "Outstanding Young Restructuring Lawyers" by Turnarounds & Workouts for 2016 and as a "Next Generation Lawyer" for corporate restructuring in the Legal 500 United States guide for 2017 and 2018.
Chris is active in numerous industry organizations and a former member of the Committee on Bankruptcy and Corporate Reorganization of the New York City Bar Association. He also serves as a member of the Yale New Haven Children's Hospital Council and was Co-Chair of the Junior Advisory Board for Her Justice, a non-profit organization in New York City that provides free legal services to low-income women and their children.
Chris graduated from Villanova University and earned his J.D. degree from Boston College Law School.


At the upcoming PSFK Conference San Francisco, Lynn Casey, founder of Team Noesis, will be joining George Parker (AdScam), Mark Lewis (DDB), Adrian Ho (Zeus Jones) and Rohit Bhargava (Ogilvy 360 Digital Influence) on our "Using It" panel. The discussion will examine how companies can use social media to enhance consumer dialogue, evolve product offerings, and improve sales.
Lynn Casey: a passionate student of people, an anthropologist of human behavior, avidly curious trend scout.