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You are here: Home1 / How-to & Useful stuff2 / Science: autocracy or democracy?
How-to & Useful stuff, Opinion & Reflection
Science: autocracy or democracy?
"Science should not be an autocratic club only accessible to those with a BSc after their name." Julius Caesar, legendary autocrat – not a great scientist, though.
Science should not be an autocratic club only accessible to those with a BSc after their name. Our society is shaped by scientific research; so, like other elements of our society, everyone should have a say in the path scientific research takes in the future.
Ever wondered at a night sky? Or, how antibiotics work? Do you really know what climate change is? And, more importantly, is it actually happening? Understanding science allows us to understand and appreciate what goes on around and inside us. Science should be celebrated and enjoyed by all. Yes, it is up to the scientific community to dig the mine of discovery, but the fuel of knowledge and understanding that is recovered should be shared. It is up to the scientific community to distribute this wonder through effective science writing.
Two different genres
The aim of science writing is to generate interest in an audience towards a topic that they are not necessarily familiar with. Scientific writing – within the scientific community – is the complete opposite; usually, you are writing for an audience that is as, if not more, familiar with your particular area of research than yourself. The two require a very different approach.
For science writing to inform a more general audience, it has to attract attention. To do so, a catchy or bold title is often used. Scientific writing, in comparison, is a lot more measured. Rarely, are scientific publications given a flamboyant title or introduction. The scientific publication documenting one of the most significant discoveries of the last century was given the title: 'A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid' – a science writer might be tempted to replace this with 'The secret of life, discovered!' This cautious approach is not only applied to the title and introduction, but throughout the text of scientific articles.
Trust vs. creativity
Caution is adopted in scientific writing in order to maintain trust. Writing and publishing scientific papers is how scientists present themselves to the rest of the scientific community. If a scientist includes bold statements that aren't backed up by strong evidence, then their scientific audience will start to doubt not only what they are writing but also your research findings. Consequently, effective scientific writing requires statements to be heavily referenced and absolute.
Science writing allows more room for creativity, whilst letting go of some of the detail. The reason science writing can let go of some of the detail is that its audience usually doesn't need or want to know all the detail. People can still develop an interest and appreciation for something without knowing the full details. If people want to find out more they can use additional resources to pursue their interest: in which case, the job of that piece of science writing is done. Scientific writing has to be detailed. With scientific writing you are trying to demonstrate to your peers that you know as much, and hopefully more, about your area of research than they do. Again, it is about trust. If other scientists think you know what you are writing about, then they are more likely to believe your own research findings.
James Beggs, PhD Student at the University of Southampton, thinks it is vital that academic researchers stoke up interest from outside of the scientific community as well.
Generating interest in research
Complex words are unavoidable in scientific writing, but should be kept to a minimum in science writing. Science – or rather the process it is trying to understand – is complex. With the discovery of an increasing number of cellular, chemical or astronomical processes come new words to describe them. Science is not unique. Economics, music, art and sport all unveil a new lexicon when studied close enough. Having an extra vocabulary of protein names is useful when one cancer researcher is trying to indentify to its scientific audience that they have found a particular protein to be involved in cancer; however, a general audience should not have to have a degree in cell biology to develop an appreciation for what such a discovery might entail. It is the job of the science writer to translate these complex areas of science into pieces of writing that general audiences can understand and enjoy.
To be a successful scientist, you have to be able to build trust amongst your peers. Equally important, is to be able to generate interest in your area of research. This doesn't just mean within the scientific community. People outside of the scientific community fund, some albeit unknowingly, a large proportion of scientific research. If scientists truly believe in their area of research, then it is vital that they stoke up interest from outside of the scientific community as well. After all, who is going to support – both in a monetary and ethical sense – something they don't feel a part of or understand?
James Beggs is a PhD student in Biological Sciences at the University of Southampton and has also started a career as a science writer.
May 16, 2013 /1 Comment/by Olle Bergman
Tags: storytelling, tutorial, writing
https://crastina.se/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/autcracy.png 108 576 Olle Bergman Olle Bergman2013-05-16 09:59:562016-07-27 23:24:08Science: autocracy or democracy?
Amgen Scholars, KI, June 26, 2013 | Scientia Crastina says:
[…] James Beggs: "Science: autocracy or democracy?" […]
Stage fright analyzed by Lifehacker guest blogger Science librarian compiles "cool linky stuff for undergraduates"


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use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

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{
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    protected $hidden = [
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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Thomas Yizhao Hou (né en 1962) est un mathématicien sino-américain, professeur titulaire de la chaire Charles Lee Powell, de mathématiques appliquées et calcul scientifique au Département de l'Informatique, des Mathématiques et des Sciences au California Institute of Technology. Il est connu pour ses travaux en analyse numérique et en analyse mathématique.

Carrière
Hou étudie à l'Université de technologie de Chine méridionale, où il reçoit un B. S. en Mathématiques, en 1982.
Il termine son doctorat de mathématiques à l'Université de Californie à Los Angeles en 1987 sous la supervision de Björn Engquist, avec une thèse intitulée Convergence of Particle Methods for Euler and Boltzmann Equations with Oscillatory Solutions.

De 1989 à 1993, il enseigne au Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences à l'Université de New York. Il est membre du corps professoral du California Institute of Technology depuis 1993. Il devient professeur titulaire de la chaire Charles Lee Powell, de mathématiques appliquées et calcul scientifique en 2004.

Recherches
Hou est connu pour ses recherches sur l'analyse multi-échelle. Il est l'auteur de la monographie Multiscale finite element methods.
Il a beaucoup travaillé sur l'analyse numérique et appliquée à l'analyse des équations de Navier-Stokes.
Ses récents travaux portent sur l'analyse adaptative des données.

Hou est le cofondateur du SIAM Journal on Multiscale Modeling and Simulation, dont il est rédacteur-en-chef, de 2002 à 2007. Il est également le cofondateur de la revue Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, dont il est actuellement rédacteur en chef.

Prix et distinctions
Hou a remporté plusieurs prix importants pour les mathématiciens. Il a reçu une Bourse Sloan en 1990.
Il a reçu le Prix Feng Kang en Calcul Scientifique en 1997.
Il a reçu le Prix James-Wilkinson en Analyse Numérique et Calcul Scientifique décerné par la Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) en 2001.
Il a été conférencier invité en 1998 au Congrès international des mathématiciens à Berlin, puis conférencier plénier en 2003 au Congrès International des Mathématiques Industrielles et Appliquées à Sydney. En 2004 il est lauréat de la médaille Morningside.

Hou a également été intronisé membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes.
Il est élu Fellow de la Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics en 2009.
Il a été élu Fellow de l'Académie américaine des arts et des sciences (AAAS) en 2011.
Il a été élu Fellow de l'American Mathematical Society (AMS) en 2012.

Références

Liens externes

 Thomas Y. Hou professionnel de la page d'accueil

Naissance en 1962
Mathématicien américain du XXe siècle
Mathématicien américain du XXIe siècle
Mathématicien chinois du XXe siècle
Mathématicien chinois du XXIe siècle
Professeur au California Institute of Technology
Universitaire chinois du XXe siècle
Universitaire chinois du XXIe siècle
Universitaire américain du XXe siècle
Universitaire américain du XXIe siècle
Étudiant de l'université de Californie à Los Angeles
Membre de la Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Membre de l'American Mathematical Society
Membre de l'Académie américaine des arts et des sciences
Lauréat du prix Wilkinson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Pensacola is located on the Florida Panhandle or "Emerald Coast," just east of the Alabama State line near Pensacola Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. Just five miles southeast of the city lies a narrow barrier island that is home to Pensacola Beach. This island, which sits between the Gulf of Mexico and the town of Gulf Breeze has gorgeous white sand beaches, nature areas, and a myriad of water sports such as swimming, snorkeling, wreck diving, fishing, parasailing, water skiing, canoeing and kayaking. It is also home to the Gulf Islands National Seashore. The 1,471-foot-long Pensacola Beach Pier bills itself as the longest pier on the Gulf, and visitors come here daily to fish, or just to watch the stunning sunsets. On the side of the island facing the Santa Rosa Sound are eight miles of recreational trails leading directly to the shoreline. Historic Fort Pickens with its' spectacular views of Pensacola Bay and the lighthouse across the inlet is also located here. There are dozens of yacht clubs and yacht charters available in the Pensacola region that offer boat leasing, and sailing and fishing excursions. In addition, you can find pontoon boat rentals, houseboats, sunset cruises and more. For docking, there are several full service boat yards and marinas in the area with transient boat slips, usually on a first come, first served basis.
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Home Dental Hygiene All About Xylitol, the New Sugar: Sweetness with Benefits
All About Xylitol, the New Sugar: Sweetness with Benefits
Kendra Pierce, RDH
© skorpionik00 / Adobe Stock
There are only a few things in this world that people enjoy more than sweets, whether it be chocolate or even adding sugar to a daily cup of coffee. We humans just cannot seem to get enough. However, tooth decay is considered an epidemic in children in the USA. Further, sugar, and the inflammation caused by it, feeds many other conditions and diseases.
Not all sugar substitutes are created equal, and of course, a trial and error by each person must be attempted to find the right solution. Unlike other sugar substitutes, xylitol has a great chance of being used successfully in the battle of tooth decay.
History of Xylitol
In 1891, a German chemist by the name of Emil Fischer first chemically made xylitol using wood (D-xylose)4,6. However, its purity was questionable because it contained small amounts of sugar alcohols other than xylitol. Its discovery was uneventful, and xylitol remained just a research chemical until the 1930s and WWII. In the 1930s, chemists and engineers went on the hunt to find alternative sweeteners due to war-associated sugar shortages in countries such as Finland. Before xylitol's purity and benefits were truly brought to full reality, and any large-scale xylitol production came to be, the sugar shortage ended when the war ended. Again, xylitol was put on the back burner.6
That is until 1975 when a Finnish company began the first large-scale production of the sugar alcohol. At the same time, a Swiss company had interest in manufacturing xylitol, so the two joined together in 1976 founding the company called Xyrofin. While this was happening, other companies in the former Soviet Union, China, Japan, Germany, and Italy, produced xylitol for domestic markets; before 1970 it was mostly used for diabetic diets or in parenteral nutrition.6
In 1975, the first xylitol chewing gum was launched in Finland. A few months later, the United States launched its first chewing gum with xylitol as well.6
Where does xylitol come from?
Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol found in the fibers of many fruits, vegetables, the bark of birch trees, and other hardwood species that contain xylan. Raspberries, strawberries, yellow plum, lettuce, cauliflower, corn, and corn husks all contain natural xylitol.3 Plums, raspberries, and cauliflower contain relatively high quantities of xylitol (0.3-0.9 per 100 g dry matter, depending on the season and plant variety)5.
For commercial purposes, xylitol comes from corncobs or trees. Corncobs are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than trees, so corncobs as a xylitol source are preferred. Corncobs can be grown in five months as opposed to a tree taking 20 years to grow. Further, corncobs are often wasted at the end of the season, so using them for xylitol makes them environmentally friendly as well.5
Why is xylitol unique?
Xylitol is unique due to its chemical structure as compared to other sugars. Unlike carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides/simple sugars (i.e., glucose, fructose, galactose) and sorbitol or disaccharides/double sugars (i.e., sucrose/table sugar, lactose, maltose), xylitol has a 5-carbon structure as opposed to a 6-carbon structure6. Cariogenic bacteria have a hard time metabolizing 5-carbon xylitol. As bacteria ingest it, the xylitol molecule is transformed into xylitol phosphate; a compound bacteria cannot metabolize. This causes cariogenic bacteria to starve because, over time, the unmetabolized xylitol phosphate builds up within the bacteria and becomes toxic to them. This buildup interferes with the metabolic pathways bacteria rely on for nourishment, leaving cariogenic bacteria to either become malnourished or starved, thus reducing bacterial counts creating less acidic waste. To summarize, a decrease in cariogenic bacteria in plaque correlates with a decrease in levels of acidic by-products which form through the metabolism of sugars.1
Long-term exposure to xylitol influences which type of cariogenic bacteria dominates in a person's mouth. Cariogenic bacteria are more xylitol-sensitive, whereas xylitol-resistant bacteria are less able to cause dental decay; this is partly because xylitol-resistant bacteria are less capable of adhering and forming colonies, which lowers the risk of decay. Reduction in the level of bacteria can also lessen overall plaque levels. With fewer bacteria, and less acidic bi-products being produced, a more pH-balanced environment results. Because bacteria tend to thrive best in acidic environments, this allows for remineralization to occur more often. Evidence suggests that xylitol can assist in moving calcium ions, especially in middle and deep layers of enamel, assisting in demineralization as well.1
Who can benefit from xylitol?
Xylitol can be beneficial for people with high decay rate and risk. It seems that there are so many different groups of people being affected by tooth decay; from a small child that is allowed to snack all day long or a senior patient that has exposed root surfaces; many can be helped by introducing xylitol to their caretakers or the patients themselves. Because xylitol is available in many forms, it is easy to add to a daily routine. Chewing xylitol gum, or even using a xylitol mint, after meals can help reduce food debris and plaque, increase saliva flow, and inhibit the growth of bacteria1. It is easy to see if you look online, or even at the booths of your favorite dental convention, that xylitol is very widely marketed and quite easy to order or buy in your favorite store. Xylitol seems to show promise, even greater when added to fluoride toothpaste, in reducing tooth decay2. It seems worth the effort of trying to get our patients interested in and using xylitol products to help themselves.
Another group of people that can greatly benefit from the regular use of xylitol are those with xerostomia. From our patients using prescriptions drugs, where xerostomia is a common side effect, to a person going through chemotherapy, a wide range of people are suffering from a dry mouth. Sometimes, a patient may not feel the effects of xerostomia, and it may be up to their dental hygienist or another clinician, to discuss the problems that can arise from xerostomia. Having a dry mouth can not only be uncomfortable but brings along other risk factors such as mouth sores, thrush, cracked lips, poor chewing and swallowing, as well as increased tooth decay3. Recommending, and even dispensing samples of xylitol products, along with directions on use, can help our patients handle a very common problem. Many patients have never heard of things like xylitol mints or dry mouth sprays, and usually, do not know where they can purchase such products.
Xylitol can also benefit people with diabetes as a sugar substitute because it does not increase blood sugar levels. Xylitol is absorbed more slowly than sugar and metabolized independently of insulin4. Because of the insulin-independent nature of xylitol, it has been used in Germany, Switzerland, Russia, and Japan as a sweetener for diabetic diets since the 1960's5.
Research shows promise in xylitol's effectiveness in preventing and decreasing the need for antibiotics in acute otitis media (middle ear infections) in children4,7,8. In vitro studies show xylitol is effective in inhibiting the growth of S. pneumoniae9 and reduces the adherence of S. pneumoniae and H. influenza to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells10. Further, studies show that xylitol is more effective than glucose during parenteral nutrition following trauma or sepsis. Other efficacious uses for xylitol shown through research include osteoporosis, prolonging life in sepsis caused by S. pneumoniae, and intestinal sepsis.4
It is estimated that Americans consume 68.5 pounds of sugar, per person, per year. As hygienists, we all know the detrimental dental effects of sugar and how excess sugar can lead to weight gain, which can lead to diabetes and obesity; excess consumption of sugar can also raise blood pressure, triglyceride, and bad cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease, among other systemic effects. Children who consume excess sugar can have issues with concentration and learning as well. Xylitol can be used for anyone trying to lower their sugar consumption and cut calories from sugar; it has about 40% fewer calories and 75% fewer carbohydrates than sucrose/sugar.5
What are forms of xylitol and what's the recommended dosage?
Xylitol is available in several forms for oral use. Gum, mints, mouth sprays, and rinses are among the most common. It is easy for a person to try several different forms, and to decide which is the easiest to fit into their lifestyle, as well as which one is most effective for the condition that they are working on improving.
Studies show that an ideal range of xylitol use for prevention of caries in adults is approximately 6.9 to 10.3 grams spread throughout each day, which is about two tsp. Dosages of 3.5 grams or less seem to be ineffective. Xylitol use in children seems to be effective in decay reduction at 3 to 8 grams throughout the day and children under the age of 4 can be given syrup or jam containing xylitol to prevent possible choking on mints or swallowing gum.1
Are there side effects of consuming xylitol and is xylitol safe?
It must be noted that with xylitol, there can be some situations where side effects, such as gastric distress, can be felt by some people. Gastric distress normally happens when large doses, those higher than necessary to achieve dental benefits, are taken at once. However, diabetic people have been found to consume up to 70 g of xylitol per day without any adverse reactions.6 If gastric distress does occur, it can be overcome by implementing smaller doses at first, working a person's way up to a higher dose as the body adjusts to exposure to xylitol. It should be noted that xylitol occurs naturally in human bodies; an average-sized adult manufactures up to 15 grams of xylitol per day during normal metabolism3.
Various international and national regulatory authorities have assessed the safety of xylitol. As an example, back in 1983, the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of two United Nations agencies (FAO and WHO), indicated that the "Acceptable Daily Intake" for xylitol is "not specified," meaning there are no special consumption limits needed for xylitol. In 1986, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, based on comprehensive literature reviews and the scientific opinions of knowledgeable investigators engaged in work in relevant areas of biology and medicine, reported that there are no significant safety concerns for the use of xylitol in humans. Further stating that xylitol appears to have the same safety profile as other sugar alcohols (i.e., sorbitol, D-mannitol).6 With that said, keep xylitol away from dogs, as they metabolize xylitol differently than humans, and it is toxic and can be lethal to them.
I believe that together, the dental community can make a huge change in the current rate of tooth decay by educating our patients on xylitol. Not only can we educate, but we can also arm our patients with products that can make a difference. Information will spread from our patients to their families and friends, and we can make tooth decay a small problem instead of the rampant destruction of its current state.
Because sugar alcohols have many benefits in overall health, spreading this information to as many patients as possible can lead to positive outcomes both dentally and in overall health. Our patients fill out health forms; use a patient's health history as a tool and discuss things like diabetes and using sugar substitutes for their health benefits. This can be a way to bring information into your patient's life that could have more than one positive change in their overall health.
NOW READ: Oil Pulling: Should We Recommend It Yet?
How to Prevent Tooth Decay Using Nature's Table Sugar Substitute. Retrieved from https://www.xylitolpreventscavities.com/.
Sano, H., Nakashima, S., Songpaisan, Y., Phantumvanit, P. (Mar 2007). Effect of a Xylitol and Fluoride Containing Toothpaste on the Remineralization of Human Enamel In Vitro. Journal of Oral Science, 49(1): 67-73. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17429185.
Dry Mouth: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. (Dec 2017). WebMD. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/ss/slideshow-dry-mouth.
Xylitol. (2009). Drugs.com. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/npp/xylitol.html.
What is Xylitol. Xylitol.org. Retrieved from https://xylitol.org/what-is-xylitol/.
Greene, W. Xylitol – Nature's Healthy Sweetener. DC Nutrition. Retrieved from https://www.dcnutrition.com/miscellaneous-nutrients/xylitol-natures-healthy-sweetener/.
Uhari, M., Kontiokari, T., Niemela, M. (Oct 1998). A Novel Use of Xylitol Sugar in Preventing Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics, 102(4 Pt 1): 879-84. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9755259.
Azarpazhooh, A., Lawrence, H.P., Shah, P.S. (Aug 2016). Xylitol for Preventing Acute Otitis Media in Children up to 12 Years of Age. Cochrane Database Systemic Review, 3;(8): CD007095. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007095.pub3. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486835.
Terhi, T., et al. (Jan 2001). Effect of Xylitol on Growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Presence of Fructose and Sorbitol. American Society for Microbiology: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45(1): 166–169. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC90255/.
Kontiokari, T., Uhari, M., Koskela, M. (Aug 1995). Effect of Xylitol on Growth of Nasopharyngeal bacteria In Vitro. American Society for Microbiology: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39(8): 1820-3. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7486925.
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Kendra R. Pierce, RDH, began her dental career as a Dental Assistant. She was a student at the Branch Area Careers Center in Coldwater, Michigan, and worked her senior year of high school as a part-time Dental Assistant to save money for college. In 1992, she graduated from Kellogg Community College in Battle Creek, Michigan, with her Associate in Applied Science in Dental Hygiene. Kendra has worked in Sturgis, Michigan, for the majority of her 25-year hygiene career. She currently lives in Sturgis with her husband, Craig. They have one son, Matthew. Kendra plays golf, and she is president of a ladies' golf league. She also enjoys photography and spending time with her family. She enjoys helping others in her free time and volunteers at bone marrow donor drives and in the kids' ministry at church.
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PC4 provides students the latest fight winning principles, tactics and techniques for deadly force personal defense in low-light environments. Through the proper use of equipment coupled with perpetual motion and sound fundamentals, we create illusory effects as well as virtual cover where none previously existed. Don't be afraid of the dark! Training topics include the Principles of Low-Light Combat, Light Selection, Carry & Use, Flashlight-Assisted Shooting Techniques, Flashlight/Weapon Manipulations, Low-Light After-Action Assessments, Barricade Tactics & Reactive Movement Review, Low-Light Movement Drills, and Low-Light Tactical Shooting Exercises.
Semi-automatic carbine w/ at least 3 (30 round) magazines.
500 rounds of quality carbine ammunition (PFC discourages the use of reloaded ammunition).
Carbine-mounted flashlight and a hand-held flashlight. Students may attend this class regardless whether they possess but one of the two aforementioned lights.
Spare flashlight batteries and replacement lamp module for each light (if possible).
Eye protection (Dark lenses for day-time operations, clear lenses for low-light/dark operations).


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Nation at a Glance - Mongolia
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing and a communist regime was installed in 1924. The modern country of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' historical homeland; today, more ethnic Mongolians live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful democratic revolution in 1990, the ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) - which took the name Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in 2010 - has competed for political power with the Democratic Party (DP), the main opposition party, and several other smaller parties, including a new party formed by former President ENKHBAYAR, which confusingly adopted for itself the MPRP name. In its most recent Parliamentary elections in June 2016, Mongolians handed the MPP overwhelming control of Parliament, largely pushing out the DP, which had overseen a sharp decline in Mongolia's economy during its control of Parliament in the preceding years. President ELBEGDORJ, a DP member, will finish his second term as president in 2017, and is not eligible to run for reelection.
Location: Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Border Countries: China 4,630 km, Russia 3,452 km
Total Area: 1,564,116 sq km Land: 1,553,556 sq km Water: 10,560 sq km
Climate: Desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain: Vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Natural resources: Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
Land use: Agricultural land: 73% arable land 0.4%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 72.6% Forest: 7% Other: 20% (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups: Khalkh 81.9%, Kazak 3.8%, Dorvod 2.7%, Bayad 2.1%, Buryat-Bouriates 1.7%, Zakhchin 1.2%, Dariganga 1%, Uriankhai 1%, Other 4.6% (2010 est.)
Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90% (official), Turkic, Russian (1999)
Religions: Buddhist 53%, Muslim 3%, Christian 2.2%, Shamanist 2.9%, Other 0.4%, None 38.6% (2010 est.)
Administrative divisions: 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
Economy: Foreign direct investment in Mongolia's extractive industries – which are based on extensive deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten - has transformed Mongolia's landlocked economy from its traditional dependence on herding and agriculture. Exports now account for more than 40% of GDP. Mongolia depends on China for more than 60% of its external trade - China receives some 90% of Mongolia's exports and supplies Mongolia with more than one-third of its imports. Mongolia also relies on Russia for 90% of its energy supplies, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction, and natural disasters, as well as strong economic growth, because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes. Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008, Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine, among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However, a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI, and a slowing economy, leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister Norovyn ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014, and falling to the 2% level in 2015. Growth rebounded from a brief 1.6% contraction in the third quarter of 2016 to 5.8% during the first three quarters of 2017, largely due to rising commodity prices. The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 stemmed the loss of investor confidence. The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority, but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large drop-off in foreign direct investment, mounting external debt, and a sizeable budget deficit. Mongolia secured a $5.5 billion financial assistance package from the IMF and a host of international creditors in May 2017, which is expected to improve Mongolia's long-term fiscal and economic stability as long as Ulaanbaatar can advance the agreement's difficult contingent reforms, such as consolidating the government's off-balance sheet liabilities and rehabilitating the Mongolian banking sector.
Agriculture - products: Wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Industries: Construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing


Happy Sunday! I hope you're enjoying your holiday, MLK, weekend. In this Sunday Time With God, Episode 30, I learn and share with you how Christ wants us to focus on Him and seek His Face for our security.
We all have responsibilities and jobs that need to get done, including paying our bills, and making sure that we stay healthy and well-informed about what's going on around us. However, when the going get tough and we just "don't know how to deal" with certain road-blocks and issues in our lives, we have Christ available who is always shining His Face upon us. That is how the Lord opens His message today for January 15, in Sarah Young's Daily Devotional, Jesus Calling: Enjoying Peace in His Presence. He lets us know that we should always seek His Face, seek Him for guidance, for peace of mind, and for security, then He will direct our path.
Watch Episode 30 in the video below. If you have your Bible or Bible app, you can read or follow along with me when I read the scriptures for today.
Available on Amazon - Buy Now!


If you'd like to download Youtube audio, you've come to the right place. You can learn two simple ways to download Youtube audio below: Online & Offline. You don't have to try both ways; just pick the easier way for you.
There are many websites allowing you to download Youtube audio directly and freely. If you don't want to download and install any third-party software, downloading Youtube audio online is a better option for you. To download Youtube audio online, the first thing you need to do is find a website with good reputation. If you're not sure which website you could trust, you can use www.onlinevideoconverter.com.
2) Enter your Youtube video link, then click the START button.
3) Click the DOWNLOAD button. Then the download of audio file (.mp3) will get started.
4) Check to see if you can open the downloaded audio file successfully.
Online converting may cause audio low quality issue. And it's time-consuming if you need to convert more than one Youtube video to audio. If you want higher quality audio, it's recommended you use VCL media player.
1) Download and install VCL media player.
4) Select the Youtube video file that you've saved and click Open.
6) Choose the audio Profile type that you want. As below screenshot, we choose Audio – MP3.
7) Click Browse to save the file to a specific location.
8) Click Start button then the audio will be saved.
Hopefully the tips above help you convert Youtube video to audio easily. If you have any questions, please leave your comments below.


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Real Monarchs Adds Leo Torres On Loan From San Antonio FC
Sep 29, 2021, 4:28 PM | Updated: 8:18 pm
Photo courtesy: Real Monarchs
BY TOM HACKETT, KSL SPORTS
KSL Sports
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah – The Real Monarchs have added midfielder Leo Torres on loan from San Antonio FC for the remainder of the USL season.
Torres, 17, joined San Antonio FC in February of 2019 as the first professional to sign from the club's academy. He became the youngest to ever sign a contract in USL Championship history, putting pen to paper at 15 years and 23 days. Since then he has played in eight matches for San Antonio.
San Antonio FC ✈ Real Monarchs. Welcome 17 year old Leo Torres!!
— Real Monarchs (@RealMonarchs) September 29, 2021
"The Club welcomes Leo Torres on loan for the duration of the 2021 USL season. Leo is a talented young prospect that the Club has been tracking this season. It is a welcome opportunity to have him within our group for the remainder of the season," Real Salt Lake Assistant General Manager Tony Beltran said.
Real Monarchs are in the midst of a two-game road stretch in the state of Texas, beginning with El Paso Locomotive on Wednesday, September 29 at 7:30 p.m., followed by Rio Grande Valley FC on Saturday, October 2 at 6:30 p.m.
The Monarchs only have seven games left in the 2021 season. With a current record of 4 wins, 5 draws, and 16 losses, the Monarchs will not compete in the postseason this year.
The next home match is slated to take place on Friday, October 8 when they host the Colorado Springs Switchbacks at 7 p.m.
The match will be available to stream via the KSL Sports & KSL 5 TV apps or on KSL Sports dot com.
Trevor Allen
Real Salt Lake Signs Youngest Player In MLS History To Homegrown Contract
Real Salt Lake announced on Friday afternoon that they have signed the youngest player in Major League Soccer history to a homegrown contract.
RSL Head Coach Pablo Mastroeni Adds Brett Jacobs To Coaching Staff
Real Salt Lake head coach Pablo Mastroeni announced that he has added Brett Jacobs as an assistant coach to his coaching staff.
Brian Preece
Instant Replay: Leo The Lion And The Jazz Bear Form Unlikely Partnership
With the Utah Jazz and Real Salt Lake being united under the same banner of the Smith Entertainment group, it was only a matter of time until the two franchises gave fans a moment they never knew they always needed.
Former RSL Midfielder Albert Rusnak Signs With Seattle Sounders FC
Last week, midfielder Albert Rusnak sent a farewell out to RSL fans and now he has signed with Seattle Sounders FC on Thursday.
Real Salt Lake Signs Midfielder Scott Caldwell
Real Salt Lake announced on Wednesday that they have signed veteran midfielder Scott Caldwell from free agency to a two-year contract.
Real Salt Lake Selects Two Players In 2022 MLS SuperDraft
Real Salt Lake announced that they have selected two players during the 2022 MLS SuperDraft on Tuesday afternoon.


Students from around the Middle East region and globally have chosen a PhD in Qatar for their postgraduate education. Qatar has developed into an international city with modern architecture, glamorous shopping, and lovely seafronts. Beyond the opulence there still exists the Arabic traditions and culture visible in the souqs, charming fishing villages, and the people. A PhD in Qatar is a unique experience for a high quality education in a region of the world with growing power and prominence.
PhD in Qatar programs are challenging with rigorous coursework. Students pursuing a PhD in Qatar must have commitment as well as the necessary educational background, experience, and critical and independent thinking skills. Students will conduct substantial research and compose a doctoral thesis or dissertation that provides a contribution to the field.
If a PhD in Qatar sparks your interest, scroll down to learn more about the programs available. Take the next step toward your goals today!


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Ext modules have a number of applications in homological algebra and commutative abstract algebra as a whole. In this document we prove Ext modules are well-defined and motivate their study by characterizing the depth of a ring in terms of Ext modules as well as by giving an application in combinatorial commutative algebra. In particular, we give a way of constructing Cohen-Macaulay rings from simple graphs and show that when we localize these rings, their type is easily computed by counting the number of maximal cliques in the appropriate simple graph. When R is a noetherian ring and S the local ring resulting from localizing R at one of its prime ideals, it has been shown that there is a well-defined map from the set of isomorphism classes of semidualizing modules of R to the set of isomorphism classes of semidualizing modules of S. We use the same ring construction mentioned above to show this map need not be surjective.
Morra, Todd Anthony, "An Introduction to Homological Algebra and its Applications" (2018). All Theses. 3001.


In case you didn't know, the U.S. Open—New York's exciting summer sports event—is one of the most exciting things to do in Queens. For two weeks, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park will be the tennis capital of the world during the legendary tournament. New Yorkers bring the party to the National Tennis Center with a celebrity-studded crowd (past famous attendees include Oprah, Alec Baldwin and Jimmy Fallon), while local food trucks bring the yummies, and live musicians perform on the grounds. (There are also amazing restaurants on-site, if you're feeling fancy.) Oh, and did we mention this is your chance to breathe the same air as the top pros in tennis? Whether you're heading to the courts during the day or for a match under the lights, check out how to score autographs from the likes of badass Serena Williams, catch the best action and hobnob with the VIPs.
When is the U.S. Open?
The U.S. Open takes place in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens at the end of the summer from August 27 to September 9, 2018.
How do I get tickets for this year's U.S. Open?
Ticketmaster is the best option. You can also get individual tickets by going to the official U.S. Open site, calling 718-760-6363 or visiting the physical box office at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows.
How much are U.S. Open tickets?
There are many options, ranging from single games starting around $65 to $100 for the cheap seats to around $245 to $1,000 for seats closer to the action, to a full pass (which starts at $2,125) that will allow you to see all the games and get you some pretty sweet amenities, like a personal concierge.
Where is the U.S. Open taking place? How do I get there?
The U.S. Open is held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center (Flushing Meadow–Corona Park, Flushing). Getting there by rail is easy: You can take the 7 train (Queens-bound to Mets–Willets Point) or the LIRR to Mets–Willets Point. If you're one of the lucky people who happen to be driving to the games, be sure to check the official U.S. Open site for possible parking restrictions and interferences with Mets home games at Citi Field.
The general rule of thumb is that you'll be able to exchange your tickets for credit or a full refund, but you may be ineligible if more than 90 minutes of a game has been played. You may be able to exchange your tickets for next year's tournament. Check the U.S. Open site for full details.
Are there places to eat? Can I take a picnic?
Aww. That's delightful that you want to picnic, but you can't. There will be multiple places to eat at the stadium. Alongside light-food options (think snacks), this year there's various food and sandwich stands to whet your appetite. For the more adventurous, the U.S. Open Food Village will feature regional cuisines from country chicken to Neapolitan pizza. Fun fact: More than 275,000 melon balls will be used to garnish this year's signature drink the Honey Deuce made with Grey Goose (if you're feeling fancy). Foods for infants or those with dietary restrictions will be allowed in.
The players are the ones with a dress code, but that doesn't mean spectators are entirely off the hook. Don't show up looking like a scrub. While it isn't expressly forbidden to show up in a torn Metallica shirt, it certainly isn't the best idea if you're looking to fit in. Think along the lines of a halfway-fancy garden party: short-sleeve shirts and nice pants for the guys and casual wear for the women. Would you wear it to your mother's house? If not, don't wear it to the U.S. Open.
Is it acceptable to heckle during the match?
No. This isn't the movies, and the players can hear you. It isn't the same sports atmosphere as a baseball or football game, either; keep your enthusiasm to a few claps and oohs and ahs. It should go without saying that, since this a much more chill sports game, you should also keep your alcohol intake to an "office picnic" level. (Drinks will be available at the games.) Being a drunken mess at a New York Jets game: acceptable. You'll probably blend in. Being a drunken mess at the U.S. Open: You'll stand out like a sore thumb, and thanks to the magic of smartphones and social media, you could very well end up an Internet meme for the rest of your life.
What's the etiquette when the ball lands in the stands?
Throw it back. If you want a ball, you can buy one at a sporting-goods store, amigo.
Should I take my chances and queue for day tickets?
It's not necessary, but you'll at least have a good story to tell, eh? Best to get your tickets in advance online (like we mentioned above), although a (very) few tickets will be released the day of the games.


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Sean Dyche looks to the future as Burnley are relegated along with QPR
Two of the three relegation places in the Premier League were confirmed at the weekend, with Burnley and Queens Park Rangers returning to The Football League.
Burnley picked up a 1-0 win away at fellow strugglers Hull City, but other results meant their fate was sealed with two games remaining.
Speaking to Burnley's official website, manager Sean Dyche said: "There has been no lack of effort or belief. We have kept fighting, demanding and believing. There are lots of good things, but underlining all that is the disappointment of not retaining our status in the Premier League.
"Overall, we make sense of it all and move forward. I can't even tell you how much better shape this club is now from two-and-a-half years ago.
"We had just jumped from 16th to 13th in the Championship. Well, we've come a long way in that time and there will naturally be a reflection over time."
Meanwhile, QPR knew only a win at champions Manchester City would give them a chance of survival, but they went down 6-0 at the Etihad Stadium.
The defeat means QPR will be back in the Sky Bet Championship after winning last season's Play-Off Final, and club chairman Tony Fernandes is already looking to the future.
"The Premier League is the toughest competition in world football, so we were well aware of the complexities of the task this season and unfortunately we've fallen just short," Fernandes told the club's website.
"I feel desperately for the fans who have been absolutely fantastic again this season, as they always are.
"Obviously we're all very disappointed that our fate has been sealed, but I don't want to dwell on it. I want to focus on the future.
"We have an opportunity to rebuild again and put in place the foundations to deliver long term success and stability at QPR."


Why is it called Monkey Mia?
Mia is the indigenous name for shelter and/or resting place. It is unknown exactly where the Monkey part comes from however there are a couple of stories as to why. There was a ship called the Monkey that came in search of the Zuytdorp shipwreck that was sunk off the coast of Edel land, this ship is thought to have docked in the bay of Monkey Mia around 1834.
Another story as to the origins of the name was derived from the fact that Monkey Mia was used by early pastoralists for loading and uploading sheep. The Macquarie Dictionary recorded that the term 'Monkey' is a colloquialism for 'Sheep'. So the area became known as Monkey Mia.
Monkey Mia is a twenty minute drive from the town of Denham. Thisconservation park is governed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife, although it is not listed as a National Park, entrance fees still apply- National Parks day entry passes purchased at other parks and extended period passes are not valid. No fee is payable for children 5 years and younger.
The entrance fee pays for the care, management and research of the Monkey Mia dolphins. It is also used to provide visitor facilities, including interpretation and school holiday activities. Entrance passes can be purchased at the gate to Monkey Mia.


Do LifeWave Energy Patches work?
Although this may be more of an ethical question, I'm hoping you can settle a long-standing dispute between my husband and me. He has always been outraged by the fact that The Six Million Dollar Man was given only one bionic arm. When the subject comes up, I tell him that Col. Steve Austin had only lost ONE arm in the accident, therefore there was only ONE to replace. Bryan says that the doctors should have just given the colonel a matching set of bionic arms. After all, "he was already on the table!" Please help!
Those who suggest I write my own questions need look no further; even I am incapable of this. But since it was asked, the question did get the respect of proper research. But finding no easy answer, I ultimately filed a Freedom of Information Act request: It seems they couldn't give him a second arm because the only available spare was a child's model. According to the report, they considered installing it, but quickly determined it would be so short that they would never be able to find a stunt double. I'm sure it's true; the document was signed Oscar Goldman.
With the words of Mr. Goldman, "better, stronger, faster," I now make the seamless transition to a discussion of a wannabe bionic technology: LifeWave Energy Patches. Rarely do I get to evaluate such an easy target. This product consists of adhesive discs, which are pitched through the ever-trustworthy multi-level marketing (MLM) format. Sold as a drug-free enhancement for endurance, strength and stamina, dual patches are worn on the wrists, chest, ankles or knees. How do they work? Their simple explanation: Using organic nano-antennas, these patches communicate with intracellular mitochondria directing them to convert fats into the energy molecule ATP. Of course. Nano-antennas. Why, I could kick myself for not thinking of them first.
In late 2003, LifeWave applied for a patent, which is still pending approval. I managed to wade through the extensive patent application to discover that the disc contents are primarily honey, molasses, a few amino acids and an air bubble. Specifically, Sue Bee Honey and Grandma's Old Fashioned Molasses are the brands of nanotechnological compounds in each $6 pair of single-use, plastic-coated patches. The description submitted to the patent office states that the discs "regulate thermomagnetic energy flow." Given that thermomagnetic energy is not something associated with living things, I can easily see why a letter sent to LifeWave indicates the office has decided to let this application ripen for a fourth year.
Still, the sales of LifeWave patches have taken off, thanks to the unintended assistance of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA). In 2004 at the U.S. Olympic trials, the Stanford women's swim team was accused of doping when organizers noticed these patches on the swimmers' shoulders. It became news when the discs were tested for illegal substances and an immense unintended LifeWave advertisement when nothing was found. Proud statements proclaiming, "tested by USADA and U.S. Olympic committee," soon became prominent in the company's marketing.
The operation's Web site claims that double blind research at major universities proves the patches work, but not a single study is published and available for technical scrutiny. Perhaps more telling is that two universities have demanded that their names be immediately removed from association with LifeWave.
But what of the scientist who developed the patches? Shockingly, the inventor David Schmidt seems not to be a scientist at all. He does, however, have a resume that includes two previous failed MLM companies. Indeed, perhaps his success this time around is because he's been keeping his nanotechnological advances secret. And, I'm sure, the acclaim he'd receive for changing the laws of physics would be quite embarrassing.
I did test these patches about a year ago; a very intelligent friend (who hoped I would jump into his MLM downline) gave me a pair. Skeptical, but still open-minded, I placed them as instructed. Following a long morning run on the Greenbelt, the only effect I noticed was skin irritation. I don't dispute that there are many people, like my friend, who truly do feel a distinct boost in energy. And by knowing the pouches contain simply supermarket sweeteners, it proves to me once again the real physical effect of belief, commonly known as the placebo effect.
If one could truly modify physiology using a non-permeable external patch, it would be a real bionic-sized breakthrough. As it is, the desire for better health—or the hope of business success—often leads to wasting money on useless products. Like The Six Million Dollar Man, some things are very expensive fiction.


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Gudauri Ski School
Snowboard & Ski Lessons
Beginner & Intermediate Lessons
From $95 per lesson
Ski Lesson
One-on-one ski lesson for adults and kids ages 5 and up – the best way to enjoy skiing as quickly and efficiently as possible!
Private ski lessons are available for all levels, no matter whether it's your first time seeing snow or you're training for a competition.
Private group lessons are for 2-4 friends or family members with the same level of skiing, adults and kids ages 6 and up. For beginners ages 6-7, the maximum group size is 2 kids.
SNOWBOARD Private LESSON
One-on-one snowboard lesson for adults and kids ages 5 and up – the best way to enjoy snowboarding as quickly and efficiently as possible!
Private snowboard lessons are available for all levels, no matter whether it's your first time seeing snow or you're training for a competition.
SNOWBOARD GROUP LESSON
Private group lessons are for 2-4 friends or family members with the same level of snowboarding, adults and kids ages 6 and up. Maximum group size is 2 for beginners aged 6-7.
FREESTYLE SKI LESSON
There's no upper limit to the improvements that a skier can make – and, likewise, to the fun you can experience on the mountain! Freestyle ski courses are our most undervalued lessons, often overlooked by those who already know how to ski, but essential to progressing forward from "I can ski everything" to "I enjoy skiing everything". Learn to jump, twist, and jib like the pros!
There's no upper limit to the improvements that a snowboarder can make – and, likewise, to the fun you can experience on the mountain! Freestyle snowboard courses are our most undervalued lessons, often overlooked by those who already know how to ride, but essential to progressing forward from "I can ride everything" to "I enjoy riding everything". Learn to jump, spin, and jib like the pros!
Piste Performance
PERFROMANCE
There's no upper limit to the improvements that a skier can make – and, likewise, to the fun you can experience on the mountain! Piste performance ski lessons are our most undervalued lessons, often overlooked by those who already know how to ski, but essential to progressing forward from "I can ski everything" to "I enjoy skiing everything".
There's no upper limit to the improvements that a snowboarder can make – and, likewise, to the fun you can experience on the mountain! Piste performance snowboard lessons are our most undervalued lessons, often overlooked by those who already know how to snowboard, but essential to progressing forward from "I can ride everything" to "I enjoy riding everything".
There's no upper limit to the improvements that a skier can make – and, likewise, to the fun you can experience on the mountain! Off Piste ski lessons are our most undervalued lessons, often overlooked by those who already know how to ski, but essential to progressing forward from "I can ski everything" to "I enjoy skiing everything".
SNOWBOARD OFF PISTE LESSON
There's no upper limit to the improvements that a snowboarder can make – and, likewise, to the fun you can experience on the mountain! Snowboard Off Piste Courses are our most undervalued lessons, often overlooked by those who already know how to ride, but essential to progressing forward from "I can ride everything" to "I enjoy riding everything".
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Intro to Ski touring & splitboarding
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Available February 11-17, March 26-30
including lunch


Whoever coined the term "silly season" has understated the ridiculous fever pitch the Belize elections is unfolding into. For starters, I am personally sick and tired about hearing about Belize's new "heroine" Schakron . We are celebrating a character that withheld vital information from her party, turned her entire party into a bunch of flip floppers instead of doing the "heroine" thing and stepping aside for a qualified candidate. Apparently political animals suffer from separation anxiety because at this juncture it is safe to say the PUP are flogging a dead horse, failing to let the Schakron issue go and with only two weeks to go before the elections. I am not sure anyone but diehard PUPs see Schakron as a victim, therefore, after singing to your choir, and the choir has responded in kind and not gaining one vote from the entire debacle and possibly turning off independent voters from the charade, PUP should be like me and never mention her name again.
Secondly, what is the purpose of defacing signs? How childish! Do signs really pose a threat? Do people look at a sign and think "OMG, I didn't realize what a great party that was until I saw his sign! I will surely vote for X because their sign really did it for me" . Are we electing leaders or children? When I see sign defacement , I see an immature act and begin questioning what that person has to say that makes the other party feel so threatened.
And this is the biggie for me. Lying to voters! Just bold face, unapologetically, lying and misinforming the people, hoping to win votes. This behavior is a big turn off to me and many voters. Lying, cheating, stealing, withholding information and deception all speak volumes to a person's character. If you will lie for something insignificant, imagine when you are in office and faced with tough decisions where character becomes key, what then?
Is asking our politicians to behave in a civil manner asking too much? This should be a time where voters can be confident that the information leaders are sharing are reliable; a time when our youths can learn how to compete fiercely and fairly; a time to teach our people about our constitution and political system; a time to realize that Belize's dire conditions requires maturity beyond the present disgraceful display. Grow up politicians and future leaders! Earn respect and act in a respectful manner. You are an embarrassment to the youths, voters and the world. You are leaving behind images that are viewable throughout the world on YouTube, Facebook and online media sources. And just in case it didn't occur to you, those footprints you are leaving behind will remain searchable forever!
you got to hand it to him, the prime minister, in a brilliant move called early elections. no doubt about it the pup, even with four years to get its act together was nowhere near ready. the p.m. knew it, now it is manifesting itself so that the voters can see it.
the pup is still the party that was overwhelmingly voted out in the last election. they did not get the message. it has not evolved, same players, same game plan, same mentality. terrible, terrible leadership on the part of the pup executive.
so not suprisingly, what we are seeing is the desperate squeals of a wounded animal. it will surely lose this election. the question is what the extent of the damage will be. a landslide victory for the udp, serves no one, not even the udp. without a check on udp's power, their view of themselves as King and God for another five years will only be reinforced, and belize will pay a dear price (as it did during the second term of the pup).
the question is will this version of the pup die this time. will it finally give way to better talent, new ideas, leadership and vision? belize deserves that. belize deserves a viable opposition to keep the ruling party in check, and the pup is failing us. they can't even help themselves much less the people of belize. sad, sad, sad…..
When you take reality as it is, perhaps we should realize that our need is not to 'find something to believe'—but rather to discover that our lives indicate what we believe right now. This is the place to start. Its time 'We the people…' We are, and we should be, both a gentle, and an angry people to change our reality…..


In general,we can send the samples with total amount under USD10.00 and total quantity less than 10 pcs based on Freight Collect, for some special items, it will be charged.
For the reasons of new products, we are very sorry that we can not offer printed catalog and full price lists to you, in general, we will place new products to our website in time, so you are welcome to often visit our website or join our mail list. once you have joined our mail list, if we will release our new products or some other promotion information, you will be informed by email immediately.
All the OEM/ODM orders are welcome.
Always fast delivery, in general, it is stock or 3-4 weeks depend on your requirements and detailed items.
As for shipment, we have a rich experience for exporting business , have many options for your choice, we can ship by sea, air cargo, and Express courier (UPS,DHL,Fedex,TNT,EMS) for your requirements.
In General, except special requirements, we quote based on Ex-Factory.
We can quote based on FOB Shenzhen or Hong Kong.
At present ,we can accept T/T (Telecom Transfer) and transferring Western Union , for the order are more than 50,000 usd,we may accept L/C at sight.
We never accept Credit Cards.


Well the stock market went up yesterday and I saved $2 using my advantage card at the grocery store, so that is $3 to add to my challenge money.
The new refrigerator came today and they picked up the one that did not work correctly. I only bought it for the ice maker, which dropped 24 cubes of ice in 24 hours. Let's see if this one is any better. At least it is the correct size, they sent a big one the first time.
I am making up my deposit for the bank and I have $315 in Ridge money to add to the challenge money.
My first chase business card statement came today. We have being using the GM credit card which gives back 1% on all purchases and I had received several checks, plus $550 on the new car purchases.
This busines card gives you back 3% on all purchases made in home improvement stores and 1% on everything else.
Since my husband uses the car at home depot all the time, it should add up a lot quicker.
I just earned over 4000 points and I can cash in at 5000 points and received a $50 check. I think I am going to like this program!!
I have not thought too much about finances the past few days. Both dh and I came down with a stomach virus. He went to a clinic, but I did not.
I do not get sick very often, thank goodness, but it has been 3 or 4 days of throwing up and not wanting to eat.
I just had my first real meal of toast and chocolate milk a little while ago. At least we have saved money not eating out for several nights.
Well, my dh was sick all day with a stomach virus and we had to go to the walk in clinic. So we had to spend almost $150 on the visit and medicines.
However, it was a great day in the mail department.
First I got a check from state farm for $100. That was to pay for the towing bill while we were in Florida. That bill was charged and has been paid off already. So, it goes to the challenge money.
Next I got a check from Tim Horton for over $12 plus a check from Pinecone for $5. That is a total of $117 for the challenge fund.
Wow, One month from today will be christmas day! It is coming quickly!!
I went to a surprise birthday party last night.
The big surprise. It was for me!!
I am on a local forum and one of the girls decided to throw a party for me.
We were supposed to meet for dinner last night and about six, she called me to tell me that her daughter had made me a birthday cake and to please come over to see it before we went out to dinner.
so, we went over at 7 pm. and there was about 20 people all sitting in the living room yelling surprise to me!!
They had all brought food and for gifts they brought canned food to give to the food pantry!!
We had a really great time. It was my first birthday party since I was ten years old and I never had a surprise party!!
I guess this was my best birthday ever!!
Every time I save a dollar using my store cards (Ingles, Bi Lo), I add that money to my challenge money.
I think next year, I am going to keep track of that seperately on paper, just to see how much I am saving. I am sure it is several hundred per year.
Today I saved over $6 using my advantage card at Ingles.
Today is black friday but I am not doing any shopping today.
Today is also my birthday. If there is anything good about being my age, it is that I have never had any desire to have all the fancy electronic do dads that everyone else has. I don't even know what they are or what they do??
so, the only store I will hit today will be the grocery store to stock up on soups for my dh's lunches.
We had a very good thanksgiving dinner last night at a friend's house. The only bad problem was that their grandsons were there and they cried almost constantly. So, I had a bit of a headache all night, which is very rare for me.
But the meal was great!!
Happy Thanksgiving to everyone. My dh has gone onto work today, but he will come home early and we will be going over to a friend's house for dinner tonight. I met this friend over the internet, so I am grateful for that.
Don't eat too much and have a great day!!
I got the electric bill yesterday and was very pleased. I have budgeted $160 a month for the bill, but this month it was only $75. So, that is $85 to add into the challenge.
My new refrigerator is going back to the store. I bought it mainly for the ice maker which drops about 24 cubes of ice in a 24 hour period. that just does not cut it!
Also, the freezer is definately not cold enough. My dh talked to the owner of the store and I should get a new refrigerator on the 28th of November. so far, both refrigerators have been charged to my credit card and we are supposed to get a credit when this one is picked up.
I went to Walmart's today for the first time this year and spent about $80. However, some of that was for a few gifts for my dh and we desperatly need a new blanket.
My dog also got groomed today, so it was a spendy day. But she looks pretty with the pink bow on her head!!
I told my dh that we were going to go to Waffle house on Thanksgiving night for dinner and I was sincere!! What is wrong with that? It is about the only place that is open Thanksgiving evening.
However, we got, not one,but two invitations for Thanksgiving dinner. So, we are going to the first one. It is a couple that I met the lady on line. They are from florida, but have a vacation home here and we are going to spend that night with them.
I picked up dinner at Bi Lo's today and saved $5 using my card, so I will add that to the challenge money.
It is getting dark too early for me!
I do not like these shortened days. It is not even 5:30 and we need to turn on the lights already.
Yesterday, the stock market ended up for a change and I had a $1 off coupon for hiar color, so I have $2 more to add to my challenge money.
I had a fetish! It is for ice. I constantly fill up my glass with ice! All day, all night!!
We just got a new refrigerator with ice maker. we got a real good deal on it too. We paid about $370 for it before tax.
It is making ice! So even tho my husband empties the other ice maker every day for his cooler, I still have ice. Doesn't take much to make me happy!!
Now, I remember why i usually do not shop on a Friday. It was so busy in the grocery store. Even so, I managed to find a few good deals, so I saved $9 using a coupon and my advantage card. That will be added to the challenge money.
Well my dh went to the eyedoctor for two days in a row. His father and grandparents all had glacoma, so he has to have a special test once a year on one day, than a regular exam the next day. The total bill came to $247. Next he will have to get a new pair of glasses. The last pair we got was at Lenscrafter, but that is almost 100 miles away. I think we are going to try Walmarts this time.
I put away $100 a week in a medical account and so far that has always been sufficient. I do not have to dip into the emergency account.
I just saw my first snow flake today. I had to get some bills in the mail and go and buy a birthday card for my granddaughter. I got a really pretty card at the Dollar store for only 50 cents. I also picked up some canned goods to donate to the food pantry.
Now,I am going to go with my dh to the eye doctor in about an hour. He went yesterday for a test, so I am expecting a pretty good size bill.
My husband's builder's license came in the mail today. Funny, in the 20 years he has been licensed, no one has ever asked to see the license. I still keep it sitting out on the desk in his office. To my knowledge, he is the only licensed builder in our county! But of course, that is because it is a North Carolina building license. No license in Georgia yet but it is coming!
I had a no spend day yesterday and finally, the stock market went up for a change. So, I will add $2 to my challenge money.


Although they are constantly falling in price, digital cameras are still costly pieces of equipment. This is particularly true of 'prosumer' (that is, the upper range of the consumer market) and professional kit. It is strange, therefore, that so few photographers take good care of their tools. Maintaining an effective cleaning regime for your camera may seem like a chore, but it will dramatically increase the lifespan of your equipment and will have an immeasurable impact on the quality of the images that you can produce. Furthermore, basic maintenance tasks can be basic and quick.
It is particularly important, whether you are using a film or a digital camera, to ensure that the lens is kept in good working order. This begins with very basic rules such as ensuring that you always keep a lens cap on when your lenses are not in use, as well as making absolutely sure that the other end of the lens (the glass that fits onto the body of your camera) is kept covered at all times. You should also regularly clean both of the glass surfaces of all your lenses with a blow-brush, cloth and cleaning fluid. As this article focuses on digital camera maintenance, further information on lens cleaning is available in an article elsewhere on this site concerning the maintenance of film cameras.
Perhaps the most important part of your digital camera is the image sensor. This is the element of the camera that will cause the most obvious degradation to your images but, annoyingly, is also one of the parts that most easily accumulates dust. In most cases, a few specs of dust on the image sensor are bearable; these will appear as small blotchy patches on your image, and can easily be removed in your image editing software. The most tool for eliminating dust marks is the clone stamp, the use of which is covered in more detail in another article on this site.
If your sensor has accumulated an unacceptably large amount of dust, the most highly recommended course of action is to take the camera to a trusted repair shop and have them clean it for you. The sensor is hugely expensive and cleaning it is a tricky job; unless you are daring or experienced, trying it yourself is not recommended. If you are intent on attempting this yourself, however, ensure that you have a good sensor cleaning kit; these are available from most camera shops. You will need the shutter open to clean the sensor, so you will also require a manual shutter function on your camera in order to keep it from closing. If the shutter closes while you are in the process of cleaning, it is highly likely that you will damage the shutter, sensor or mirror. Do not, therefore, try to second-guess your camera by setting it to a long exposure and trying to get the job done quickly. Instead, ensure that the shutter will stay open.
An element of digital camera maintenance that is often overlooked is memory card care. It is particularly frustrating (and potentially costly) to shoot a series of images and then discover that your memory card has been corrupted and you cannot access the photographs. In order to mitigate this possibility, ensure that you maintain your memory cards as well as possible by keeping the contacts covered at all times, and by ensuring that you regularly reformat your memory cards in the camera in which they receive most use. This helps to minimise the possibility of data corruption.


Amber gets the wrong idea as Chris supports her during a tough time.
Neighbours regular Chris Pappas will find himself in another predicament when Amber Turner develops a surprising crush on him.
The gay mechanic, played by James Mason, befriends Amber when she has a tough time at school - but it's not long before she starts getting the wrong idea.
The storyline begins as Amber (Jenna Rosenow) makes an enemy at Erinsborough High, falling out with fellow student Cassie Nicholls.
Feeling down as the feud escalates, Amber is grateful as Chris invites her out on a friendly 'date' to cheer her up.
The pair have a great night together at a film event, but Chris may end up regretting his kind gesture as a misguided Amber starts to see him as more than just a friend.
Chris, who split from nurse Aidan Foster earlier in the year, has already recently dealt with unwanted attention from Georgia Brooks's fiancé Scotty Boland.
Amid her confused feelings, Amber is also left horrified as her problems with Cassie take a potentially dark turn.
After days of exchanging catty remarks with Amber on Twitter, Cassie suddenly goes missing - leaving Amber terrified that she might have done something drastic as a result of their online war.


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That total appears to include both Angry Birds Halloween for iPhone and iPod Touch as well as Angry Birds Halloween HD for iPad. Updates for Angry Birds on Android, Symbian^3, Palm WebOS, and the Nokia N900 are forthcoming. Angry Birds Halloween is the first solo-published effort from Rovio following publisher Chillingo's successful release of the original Angry Birds.
Pick up the game for iPhone here and iPad here.


On the outskirts of Stirling, tucked away from the hustle and bustle of urban living, sits Cambusbarron. This small suburb is home to the Cambusbarron playgroup, which offers a safe, interesting and relaxed environment for playing and learning for children aged from 2 years 9 months up to the age of 5. The group is not the only pre-school facility in the area, but prides itself in offering am more tailored approach to the children who attend, a very valuable play to the parents who choose the playgroup over the school nursery.
The local community centre provides a home for the playgroup within a dedicated room. The room was looking tired and in need of upgrading, rather than the welcoming environment that parents hope their children can experience whilst making that transition from home to learning. The playgroup submitted an application to Falck Renewables Earlsburn Community Fund for a grant towards the refurbishment of the playroom, which they hoped would increase the practical use of the space available, provide a clean, modern, bright and child-friendly atmosphere and enable the creation of a quiet area.
After consulting with the children, a local artist was employed to create a jungle theme for the space. A mural of jungle animals was painted on the wall and a reading area was created, covered in large leaves to reinforce the jungle theme. The theme has allowed further integration with the children's learning through the new curriculum for excellence.
The result is a bright fun playroom which provides the resources that can better support the learning and development of local children.
The group has recently applied for a subsequent grant to contribute towards a 3 year health and well being plan, promoting healthier lifestyles for the children. They had already arranged for the children to experience different activities which they may not have previously encountered in the home environment. They hope it will encourage exercise and children's learning about the different parts of their bodies, and that the children will take their learning home.


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Mordini, Tom. Carnival Glass Auction Prices. 1995. Freeport. Self published. 1995. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morehead, John Motley (III). The Morehead Family of North Carolina and Virginia. Photo available. [New York] Salem. [Privately Printed] Higginson Book Company. [1921] nd. 147 pps. 4to. Soft cover. Facsimile reprint. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morella, Joe. The Amazing Careers of Bob Hope. From Gags to Riches. For Forty Years a Smash Hit From Vaudeville to TV. Here's Why!. Photo available. New Rochelle. Arlington House. 1973. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morella, Joe. Those Great Movie Ads. Photo available. New York. Galahad. 1972. 4to. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy (book plate).
Morello, Karen berger. The Invisible Bar. The Woman Lawyer in America: 1638 to the Present. Photo available. New York. William Morrow. 1986. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morgan, Betty. The Professional Manicure Bible. Inscribed by the author. Photo available. Mill Valley. Ramifications Unlimited. 1985. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Inscribed by the author "To Lois - Happy cuticle pushing! Betty Morgan". Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morgan, David W. Whips and Whipmaking. Photo available. Centreville. Cornell Maritime Press. 2004. Octavo. Soft cover. Second edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morgan, Dennis. Cardiff. A City at War. Photo available. Cardiff. Self published. 1998. 147 pps. Octavo. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morgan, Kenneth (ed). Slavery in America. A Reader and Guide. Photo available. Athens. The University of Georgia Press. 2005. 456 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morgan, Marlo. Downunder. Mutant Message. Photo available. Lees Summit. MM Co. 1991. Octavo. Soft cover. First American edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morgan, Sister Mary Evangelist. Mercy. Generation to Generation. A History of the First Century of the Sisters of Mercy, Diocese of Sacramento, California. Photo available. San Francisco. Fearon Publishers. 1957. 278 pps. Octavo. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in near fine (very light shelf wear) dust jacket (in mylar).
Morgan, Ted. Reds. McCarthysim in Twentieth-Century America. Photo available. New York. Random House. 2003. Octavo. Hard cover. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morgenson, Dana. Yosemite Wildflower Trails. Photo available. Yosemite. Yosemite Natural History Assn. 1975. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard. 1636-1936 Photo available. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1942. 512 pps. Octavo. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition, fourth printing. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Near fine copy (front end paper lightly stained on fore edge) in edge chipped dust jacket (in mylar).
Moritz, Marie-Claire. Walter Anton Moritz. Inscribed by the author. Memories and Recipes of Vail's Grand Chef. Photo available. Salt Lake City. Lorraine Press. 2002. 168 pps. 4to. Decorated hard cover. Stated first edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Inscribed by the author "to Boris Love Marie-Claire Moritz 12/14/02". Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morley, F.V. Whaling. North and South. Photo available. New York. Century. 1926. Octavo. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morley, John David. Pictures From the Water Trade. Adventures of a Westerner in Japan. Photo available. Boston. Atlantic Monthly Press. 1985. 259 pps. Octavo. Gilt decorated hard cover. Stated first edition. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy (book plate) in near fine (small chips at spine tip) dust jacket (in mylar).
Morris, David. A Gift from America. The First 50 Years of CARE. Photo available. Atlanta. Longstreet Press. 1996. 142 pps. 4to. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morris, Hugh. 84 Card Tricks. Explanation of the General Principles of Sleight of Hand With an Exposure of Card Tricks with Ordinary Cards. Photo available. New York. Padell Book Co. 1936. 47 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morris, James McGrath. The Rose Man of Sing Sing. A True Tale of Life, Murder, and Redemption in the Age of Yellow Journalism. Photo available. New York. Fordham University Press. 2003. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morris, John A.H. Morrises' History of Prescott. 1800-2000. Inscribed by the author. Photo available. Prescott. SLP. 2001. 525 pps. 4to. Decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Inscribed by the author "John Morris Sept. 01". Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy.
Morris, Mary Aurea. Glorious Liqueurs. 150 Recipes for Spirited Desserts, Drinks, and Gifts of Food. New Country Fare. Photo available. New York. Lake Isle Press. 1991. Octavo. Hard cover. First edition. Illustrated in black, white and color. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Morris, S. Brent (ed). Robert B. Folger's Recollections of a Masonic Veteran. Volume Twenty-Six of the Publications of The Masonic Book Club. Photo available. Bloomington. The Masonic Book Club. 1995. 195 pps. Folio. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Limited edition of 1,600 copies, number 1160. Fine copy. As new.
Morris, S. Brent (ed). The Folger Manuscript. The Cryptanalysis and Interpretation of an American Masonic Manuscript. Photo available. Ft. George G. Meade. Self published. 1992. 257 pps. Folio. Gilt decorated hard cover. First edition. Illustrated. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Limited edition of 1,600 copies, number 1160. Fine copy. As new.
Morris, William. Moltke. A Biographical and Critical Study. Photo available. New York. Haskell. 1971. Octavo. Hard cover. Reprint. Very scarce in this condition. Important reference work. Very scarce in this condition. Fine copy (owner blind stamp).


text:
Weidig ist der Name von geographischen Objekten:
 Weidig (Netzschkau), zur Stadt Netzschkau gehörige Siedlung, Vogtlandkreis, Sachsen
 Weidig (Rhön) (571 m), in der Rhön bei Breitenbach (Oberleichtersbach), Landkreis Bad Kissingen, Bayern
 Weidig (Burg-Reuland), Einzelsiedlung der Gemeinde Burg-Reuland, Wallonien, Belgien

Weidig ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Adolf Weidig (1867–1931), Komponist und Musiker
 Friedrich Ludwig Weidig (1791–1837), evangelischer Theologe, Pädagoge, Publizist und Turnpionier
 Friedrich Weidig (1859–1933), deutscher Künstler
 Gottlieb Weidig (1793–1875), hessischer Förster und Abgeordneter der 2. Kammer der Landstände des Großherzogtums Hessen
 Ilka Weidig (* 1975), deutsche Biologin
 Max Weidig (1879–1912), deutscher Hütteningenieur
 Rudi Weidig (1931–2012), deutscher Soziologe
 Wilhelm Weidig (1798–1873), hessischer Richter und Abgeordneter der 2. Kammer der Landstände des Großherzogtums Hessen

Siehe auch:
 Weidigschule
 Weiding


Mass production manufacturing requires advanced quality control procedures in order to satisfy the increasing demands for productivity and product quality. Automated and performed online, these procedures are often based on vision systems and predictive models, while their design highly depends on the manufacturing process specificities, product characteristics and customer requirements. This talk presents a collaboration between academic and industrial teams in designing a quality control procedure for automotive components. The task is to monitor physical properties of mass-produced parts efficiently and reliably, and detect defects. We apply data mining to build models for predicting product properties from their digital images. In addition, we tune both the image processing and model building steps using evolutionary computation. The talk gives an overview of this case study and exploits it to provide general observations on establishing and maintaining an academic-industrial partnership.


text:
Animals (2018 Remix)
Wish You Were Here · 1975
Another Brick In the Wall, Pt. 2
The Wall · 1979
Money (2011 Remastered Version)
The Dark Side of the Moon (2011 Remastered) · 1973
The Great Gig In the Sky (2011 Remastered Version)
Breathe (In the Air) [2011 Remastered Version]
Time (2011 Remastered Version)
Us and Them (2011 Remastered Version)
Shine On You Crazy Diamond, Pts. 1-5
Brain Damage (2011 Remastered Version)
Essential Albums
A visionary rock opera that changed the landscape of rock music.
No other prog-leaning combo made an album this musically satisfying.
The Dark Side of the Moon (2011 Remastered)
One of the most popular and challenging albums in rock's history.
The Piper at the Gates of Dawn
A psychedelic landmark dancing on the edge of madness.
The Endless River
The Division Bell
A Momentary Lapse of Reason
The Great Gig In the Sky
Money (Live)
Comfortably Numb (Live at Knebworth 1990) [2019 Edit]
Grantchester Meadows
Run Like Hell (Live at Knebworth 1990) [2019 Edit]
Childhood's End
Pink Floyd Essentials
A journey with rock's metaphysical cartographers of the collective unconscious.
Pink Floyd: Deep Cuts
The ambitious art rockers also had a gift for pop simplicity.
Inspired by Pink Floyd
Their spacey visions have shaped both rock and electronic music.
Pink Floyd: Sampled
A black light and Dark Side of the Moon are all you need.
Singles & EPs
Dogs (2018 Remix) - EP
Hey Hey Rise Up (feat. Andriy Khlyvnyuk of Boombox) - Single
Pink Floyd - Chillout - EP
Pink Floyd - Play - EP
Sorrow (2019 Remix) [2021 Edit] - Single
Run Like Hell (Live at Knebworth 1990) [2021 Edit] - Single
Comfortably Numb (Live at Knebworth 1990) [2021 Edit] - Single
Live at Knebworth, 1990
Shine On You Crazy Diamond (Pts. 1-5) - Single
Pulse (Live) [2018 Remaster]
Delicate Sound of Thunder (2019 Remix) [Live]
Delicate Sound of Thunder (Live)
Live At The Hallenstadion, Zurich, Switzerland 9 Dec 1972
Live At The Vorst Nationaal, Brussels, Belgium, 5 Dec 1972
Pink Floyd - Home
Pink Floyd - Night
The Later Years
The Early Years, 1965-1967: Cambridge St/ation
The Early Years, 1969: Dramatis/ation
The Early Years, 1970: Devi/ation
The Early Years, 1971: Reverber/ation
More To Hear
Jan. 24: Pink Floyd
Bricks, billboards, and boulevards: Pink Floyd made music history.
About Pink Floyd
Pink Floyd are notable not only for what they popularised (immaculate hi-fi production, elaborate concept albums, planetarium laser shows) but for what they negated: With their carefully cultivated sense of mystique, they proved you needn't play the role of camera-mugging pop stars to become one of the world's most famous rock bands. Which is ironic, given that they were initially led by the irrepressibly charismatic Syd Barrett, whose madcap genius spawned the brain-scrambling psychedelia of 1967's The Piper at the Gates of Dawn.
But after Barrett's erratic behaviour prompted his dismissal from the group a year later, Floyd transitioned into a more enigmatic cosmic-rock collective powered by Roger Waters' propulsive basslines, Richard Wright's ethereal keyboard drones, drummer Nick Mason's tense time-keeping and the deeply emotive guitar squeals of Barrett's replacement, David Gilmour. Albums like Ummagumma and Meddle ushered in the progressive-rock era with their sprawling, side-long compositions (and, decades later, proved foundational to indie movements like post-rock and doom metal).
But with 1973's The Dark Side of the Moon, Pink Floyd were no longer strictly the domain of underground-music heads. Harnessing their exploratory aesthetic into a taut, seamless song cycle, the album would spend 14 consecutive years on the Billboard charts, and it remains the benchmark for studio-crafted art-rock excellence that bands like Tame Impala continue to chase, while its pioneering use of electronics inspired adventurous dance acts like Daft Punk. Dark Side was also the record where Waters' lyrical voice came to the fore, through critiques of British society that were as cutting as anything coming from the punks who purported to hate the band. Waters' vision became evermore paramount on a string of classic LPs that explored personal loss (1975's Barrett-inspired elegy Wish You Were Here) and political power structures (1977's Orwellian parable Animals), culminating in 1979's colossal arena-rock opera The Wall (though the fact that the latter release yielded Pink Floyd's only No. 1 single, "Another Brick in the Wall Pt. 2", affirmed the band's knack for providing accessible gateways into dense, demanding works).
Waters continued to exert outsized creative control over the band until his 1985 departure, after which the remaining members carried on under the Floyd name into the '90s. Following a one-night-only reunion with Waters in 2005 for Live 8, and Wright's death from cancer in 2008, Gilmour and Mason released the final Pink Floyd album, The Endless River, in 2014, bringing one of the most transformative and tumultuous bands in rock history to a peaceful rest.


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El término año cósmico puede referirse a los siguientes conceptos:
 Año galáctico, el tiempo que tarda el sistema solar en realizar una órbita alrededor de la Vía Láctea.
 Calendario Cósmico de Carl Sagan, una escala en la que el periodo de vida del universo se extrapola a un calendario anual.