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Home News Breaking News VIDEO: Stand Up, Stand Out
VIDEO: Stand Up, Stand Out
Annual WITH Summit continues to move the needle on gender equality
Amy Bostock
Check out our video from last week's Women in Tourism and Hospitality Conference at the Westin Harbour Castle in Toronto. #StandUpStandOut #WITHorg #WITHSummit2019
Posted by Hotelier Magazine on Tuesday, June 4, 2019
TORONTO — Nearly 300 hospitality industry professionals gathered May 27 for the third-annual Women in Tourism and Hospitality Summit, produced by Kostuch Media Ltd. and Sequel Hotels & Resorts. Held at the Westin Harbour Castle in Toronto, the event invited women — and men — to stand up and stand out on the issues of gender equality and pay equity in the hotel and foodservice sectors.
"Now more than ever, we have an opportunity — a tremendous opportunity — to advance progress for women in pursuit of gender equity," said Anne Larcade, co-founder of WITHorg in her opening address. "The actual outcomes from today are critical, however, in making those changes."
This year's theme — Stand Up, Stand Out — inspired women to make inroads in their tourism and hospitality careers. A theme that has long been championed by WITHorg's honorary chair, Katie Taylor, who noted that although the number of female CEOs in Canada has tripled — because it went from one to three — "clearly there is still work to be done."
"We must push to get ourselves and women into CEO roles," she added, asking what needs to change for the structure of work for the advancement of women?
"These are heady days for women," said Rosanna Caira, WITHorg co-founder. "Since we gathered three years ago at the Park Hyatt, much has changed. We've seen continued discussion on gender equity, wage parity and the importance of diversity on boards. I'm happy to say that awareness of women's issues is at an all-time high. Clearly, an increasing number of women are standing up and standing out. They're standing out by shaking things up, by breaking down gender barriers and moving into top positions. They're also challenging stereotypes — both of women and men — and perceptions of what it means to be a woman."
The day-long conference and workshop hybrid offered delegates the opportunity to share ideas, network and empower women to move the needle on gender equality in the hospitality and tourism sectors.
"Women are doing their part," said Caira. "They've been earning more bachelor degrees than men for decades. They're asking for promotions and negotiating salaries at about the same rates as men. Companies need to take more decisive action — it's about setting targets to hold leaders accountable for results. It requires closing gender gaps, especially early in the pipeline when women are most often overlooked. And they need to be taking bolder steps to create this inclusive workplace."
The summit's keynote speakers included Joanne Lipman, TV commentator and author of That's What She Said, who offered a roadmap to gender equality and advice to help women and men alike in their roles as thought leaders to achieve a roadmap for success. "We already know this stuff," she said. "Women already know this — we need men in the room to hear this."
Social entrepreneur Barb Stegemann demonstrated that anything is possible if you take ownership, recounting her journey on the road to establishing her perfume company, The 7 Virtues. "Everything you need will appear if you're present," said Stegemann in her luncheon keynote address. "If you're judging yourself, you're going to miss everything in front of you."
Tourism & Hospitaly: What's Next? — A Global View
A panel of thought leaders took the stage to discuss leading trends in the tourism and hospitality industry, including innovation, design and the impact of Airbnb and offered insight into where the industry is going and how we can get there. The panellists were Laura Pallotta, VP Sales & Distribution, Marriott Hotels of Canada; Sheena Rogers-Pfeiffer, founder and chief strategist, Anstice Communications; and Vito Curalli, executive director of Sales, Canada, Latin America and International, Hilton.
The topic of loyalty programs was a hot button, with much discussion around the importance of a loyalty program that brings members the types of rewards they want, when they want them.
"That's where the real battle is," said Curalli, speaking on the topic of 'earn and burn.' "It's no longer just about checking into the hotel and getting your 20,000 points — it's really about what can you do with [those points]… making sure that we connect the dots with consumers outside of the hotel experience."
Moving Foodservice into the Future
The morning workshop "Moving Foodservice into the Future" featured a panel including Missy Hui, chef, Eakander; Jennifer Huether, master sommelier; Lorraine Trotter, dean, Centre for Hospitality & Culinary Arts, George Brown College (GBC); and Joan Monfaredi, executive chef/owner of TWO13 Kosher Food Design Inc.
Panellists agreed that in culinary programs and at the entry-level in foodservice operations, there is relatively balanced gender representation, but this appears to change after employees have been in the workforce for a few years — especially in restaurant kitchens.
Trotter highlighted the lack of data available regarding women staying in culinary jobs and restaurant kitchens and that GBC plans to try and rectify that.
The panellists also highlighted the need for change within the industry if we hope to keep women in foodservice careers and attract staff in an environment where there are more openings than applicants.
As Trotter noted, at GBC, the number of placements available in the industry outweighs the number of students by a three-to-one ratio. And, those who don't change will continue to struggle to recruit staff.
Monfaredi pointed out that it is up to those in the industry to create better work environments in order to make foodservice an attractive career path.
Getting Out of Your Own Way
In her workshop, "Getting Out of Your Own Way," Victoria Turner, founder of Your Power Outlet, urged women and men to stop holding themselves back from achieving their goals and desires.
She first asked her audience to acknowledge what they're avoiding in life that's impacting their career or preventing them from living their best life — then asked why they're avoiding it.
"You're on autopilot," Turner explained. "You're allowing your natural responses to dictate your actions. Living on autopilot is literally like you're in the passenger seat of your car, hoping everything your community — your parents — have equipped you with is going to get you where you want to go."
Turner said she wants to help reframe this way of thinking — to help negate the little voice that makes people second guess themselves — so her audience can take confident action. She described taking confident action as "performing an action with a state of certainty that this is the best or most-effective choice for YOU."
Turner said you first have to determine what your values are. What are the qualities that need to be present to live our best lives? "Whenever faced with a difficult decision, follow through with a confident action that's in line with your values and trust that a values-based response will help lead you to your happier, more fulfilled life. These responses can help propel people into action when faced with an opportunity that otherwise might be ignored."
Think like a Man; Lead Like a Woman
This well-attended session featured Joanne Trotta, managing partner and founder at Leaders Edge Inc. and Nancy Osborne, founder of I GOT THIS. Both women are not only motivational speakers but provide coaching and other career-development services to assist women with performing better in the workplace.
The panel discussion addressed how women have dealt with a predominately male-dominated industry while trying to move up the corporate ladder. Issues such as equal pay, inter-office communication between genders and also impediments to female leadership were all discussed.
"Women must embody who they are, not what they're expected to be," says Trotta. "[Knowing] what your personal power is and using your intuition is key." She added that while there are significant differences between the way women and men approach issues and challenges, embracing your differences as a woman while understanding how men operate is important when navigating the corporate world.
Meanwhile, Osborne recounted tales from her days with the Canadian Forces and having to be "one of the guys" to get ahead. During the panel, she also told a story of being intimidated, or spoken down to, by a superior in front of an audience. Instead of shying away from her emotions, she put them on display and confronted the person using them. She also gave women the confidence to embrace their emotional instincts and to stick to their principles.
"Crying is not a weakness; you have to own your tears," Osborne says. "There was a time [in the military] where there was little to no choice that you were one of the boys and if you weren't you were chewed up and spit out. I realized I was more than that, but I also learned another language. It's important to cross the divide but I learned to lead like a woman because I was a woman. It's important to learn the other side though and work co-operatively."
Resilience in Times of Change
Bree Ranieri, leadership coach and co-founder/partner at CoTalent, led an interactive workshop that encouraged participants to focus on how practical solutions can create a competitive advantage.
"I have had experience working in male-dominated industries — as an executive and also as a human-resources leader," said Rainer. "So, a lot of the things discussed this morning are very near and dear to my heart. And the topic I'm here to talk to you about today, I'm extremely passionate about — and that's about change and being resilient."
The session addressed people's perspective around change, how it impacts them as individuals personally and how they feel about it. Ranieri then offered practical strategies "to apply or resonate with the next time you're facing a change."
She said another factor that really impacts how we receive change, or how we work through change, whether it's self-imposed or imposed on us. "I can tell you one thing — when changes are imposed on us, it can be paralyzing."
She then offered four tips for dealing with change in our lives/career. The first one is grounding ourselves in the facts. "It isn't uncommon for us to go to extreme emotions and maybe get a little out of touch with the reality of what's going on."
The second tip was to be mindful of our mindset and how that's impacting the way we're thinking about things. The third tip was around getting curious. "And the fourth [tip] is the most important one and it's about finding purpose and meaning for ourselves in these changes — what is my higher purpose? What am I going to do to drive that?"
Following the morning breakout sessions, delegates gathered for the gala awards luncheon. Two awards were handed out at this year's summit. The Katie Taylor Economic Empowerment Award was presented to Peggy Berg for her work with the Castell Project, while the inaugural Gender Equality Award was presented to Sodexo.
"I was introduced to Katie Taylor when I was just starting the Castell Project," said Berg. "She gave me encouragement that made the Castell Project possible in a way that it wouldn't have been otherwise. She lent me that confidence through her advocacy."
Small Acts, Big Changes
During the afternoon workshop, "Small Acts, Big Changes," Lauren Davey, Chief Human Resources Officer for Compass Group Canada Ltd. highlighted the recent initiatives she and her team have rolled out and the impact they've had on employees and company culture. One such initiative was launching the WOLF (Women of Leadership and Fun) Pack, which focused on helping women with branding, confidence and finding their authentic self. Others included note cards for recognizing and reinforcing good behaviours and launching a mental-health initiative.
"Find creative ways of making things live in the organization — that's a key part of it," Davey shared. "We try to incorporate the art of storytelling — a simple act that can actually lead to big changes. People want to feel connected. People want to feel a part of a community. So how do you do that and galvanize people through stories?"
Davey also spoke to the importance of being conscious of and finding a balance between what you're doing and how you're being. She explained that women tend to excel at the doing, but setting your intentions of how you're going to be (for a meeting, for the day, et cetera) "will help you get to those longer-term goals and what you're looking for, for sustainable behaviour.
Catapulting Your Career in Five Simple Steps
Women who were looking to build fulfilling careers and overcome obstacles in their work lives found a treasure chest of advice to apply in Amrita Bhalla's workshop, Catapulting your Career in 5 Simple Steps.
The managing director of AB Consulting said in the workforce, women often need time to refocus and acquire new skills that will help them maximize their career potential. Five steps she recommended to help with this process are having emotional agility or the ability to adapt to any situation; having perseverance or continuing to make the effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties; remembering the "ask" or "thinking about asking, not just for the things that you want or need, but also asking for the things that you don't understand;" overcoming fear of failure; and creating your own personal brand or recognizing where you draw your personal inspiration from.
Creating Success through Innovation, Access to Capital & Increased Profitability
Reetu Gupta, president and CEO of Easton Group of Hotels, led a panel featuring Tony Cohen, president and CEO of Global Edge Investments; Suraj Gupta; co-founder, president and CEO of Rouge Insight Capital; and Gunjan Kahlon, senior Director of Development at Wyndham Hotels & Resorts.
Centered on innovation, investments and technology in the hospitality industry, the panellists discussed their experiences in bringing value to their guests while ensuring profitability is sustainable long-term.
Cohen discussed some of his most memorable deals — among them the development and sale of the Thompson Hotel in Toronto — and talked about strategic deals he's made to create opportunities and profit.
"The important thing to remember is that it's about doing the job properly, but using technology to assist [in getting that job done]," he said. "How you implement it though is also important because ultimately, you're counting on your managers and owners to be able to use it successfully. The profits will come if you take care of your guests, so focusing on sustainability is important, too."
The panel also looked at the risks associated with technology investments. At a time when guests are looking to be accommodated and hotels are looking for new and exciting tech and tools to do so, user-friendly platforms remain the number-1 concern for both sides.
"Digital disruption is happening in all areas, but especially in hotels," said Kahlon. "There are changing expectations for the guest, so collaboration is key between all departments and the culture you have in place is key. We've worked hard at that, relaunching a new marketing campaign, new designs and [overhauled] our IT departments. We've also recently relaunched out loyalty program. You have to stay open-minded towards change."
Recognizing that 15 per cent of venture capital firms have female CEOs or women in leadership, Gupta's company provides a solution for great business ideas through peer-to-peer lending.
"Loans for women and minorities have been historically low and there has always been an unconscious bias towards these groups," Gupta. "We know from the data that women have been fundamental in driving business and help build successful businesses."
Kahlon also added that Wyndham will soon host a women's development day to attract women into the hotel development sector. She says that 28 to 35 per cent of the hotel group's properties are owned by women.
Following the breakout sessions, attendees took part in a Town Hall session addressing the Roadmap to Gender Equity: Beyond Best Practices, moderated by Carolyn Clark, formerly SVP, Talent & Culture, AccorHotels, NCA Region. Panellists included Peggy Berg, director of the Castell Project Inc. in Atlanta and Statia Elliot, director, School of Hospitality, Food & Tourism Management, University of Guelph.
Following last year's WITHorg event, "we knew we would bring back measurable statistics on the current state of gender diversity within our industry, which will help to set a benchmark moving forward," said Clark. "Our panel will be sharing some of the highlights of their recent research with you."
Elliot led off results of research conducted by University of Guelph, addressing challenges women reported facing in the workplace. "When we asked women what their biggest challenges were to advancing, 36 per cent said organizational barriers and 27 per cent said personal challenges," said Elliot. "But let me read you some of the open-ended responses. 'Not able to relocate,' 'not willing to relocate until the kids have graduated,' stability during children's educational years'."
Research from the Castell Group offered additional insights. "At hotel-industry conferences, which is where deals are done frequently in the U.S., there's one woman in attendance to every four men," said Berg. "So, one of the things that can help women move up and gain recognition — and actually build reputation in this industry — is to be one of those people that gets paid to go the hotel-investment conferences and build the network there, because that's where the deals are. And the money is."
Caira and Larcade closed out the day by recapping take-away's from the myriad sessions and offering advice to the audience.
"Understandably, today's generation is tired of being viewed as less competent leaders," said Caira. "Today's young millennials don't feel they should have to work harder than men to prove themselves. And you know what? They're absolutely right. It's time companies treat gender diversity like the business priority it is," said Caira, pointing to some of the McKinsey Report's suggestions on how to move the needle. "Close the gender gaps in hiring/promotion, set targets, reports and accountability. Ensure that hiring and promotions are fair, make senior leaders and managers champions of diversity, foster an inclusive and respectful culture, offer employees the possibility to fit work into their lives. And more than anything, provide a safe environment for women to succeed."
Kostuch Media
Toronto's Westin Harbour Castle
WITH Summit
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KML to Produce Top 30 Under 30 Program
kostuch - April 10, 2019
TORONTO — The team at Kostuch Media Ltd. (KML) is proud to announce it will now be producing the Top-30-Under-30 program.


Posted August 27th, 2013 by michaelkay & filed under Articles, Local Real Estate News.
The Kardashians, the Osbournes, and Justin Beiber! The upscale city of Calabasas, CA has become the place for the hot, young and rich, according to Curbed LA News. Established as an independent city named Calabasas in 1991, the luscious city is making more attraction sites, growing in population and thus opening a direct path for home buyers. The Commons, Malibu Creek State Park, Leonis Adobe Museum are some of the destination spots near Calabasas that residents and tourists return to time after time. The residential and commercial properties in Old Town Calabasas, built in the early 1900's add to the old-time charm and make this city pizazz. With these characteristics, Calabasas properties do tend to come with structural problems arising from their old age. In addition, due to the age of the properties, cracks in the walls, cracked or uneven floors exhibit symptoms of possible foundation problems, according to Today's Home Owner.
Along with the age of the properties, the drought in the late 1950's can have already damage homes and buildings. Cracking in the foundation, walls, etc. could have occurred due to the parched soil, according to CityofCalabasas.com. Plumbing issues are another common problem that occurs with older properties. These issues may also come to exist because many properties tend to be on the hillsides, since Calabasas falls in the hills west of San Fernando Valley. Although hillside homes carry a great value for their privacy and views, the slope of the land and the movement in the soil caused by the rain contribute to forming foundation and structural problems for properties. Advanced Group Property Inspectors will identify these issues during the inspection from both the foundational and structural point of view. A structural problem with any property is probably every owner's worst nightmare as it can tremendously decrease a home's value and cause problems in the near future. With the right inspectors, these issues will be identified and can be repaired. Twenty two years in the business, Yelp's #1 rated in LA County, certified and insured, Advanced Group Property Inspections is your answer.
Schedule your property inspection today at AGPIC.COM and get the opportunity to work with Yelp's #1 reviewed inspectors.
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Meeting a consumer demand for easy packaging, Savanna Premium Cider has launched a 330ml can from Nampak Bevcan at the same price as the glass bottle.
"The can is lighter, tougher, more versatile and stackable. It chills faster and stays chilled for longer. What's more, you can open it anywhere, without a bottle opener, for any occasion," says Liezl Dippenaar, marketing manager Savanna: Southern Africa.
The brand is already seeing consumers respond positively to the can. "We are excited about the launch and although our cans have only been on South African shelves for a few weeks, we are already seeing a positive response from consumers - both in terms of retail and on our social media channels.
"The brand is stronger than ever and the launch of the can will show consumers, who are asking for more versatility, that we have their interests at heart. Format innovation is a requirement for big brands. It is an innovative brand that listens to its consumers and strives to offer fans convenience and affordability without compromising on quality," explains Dippenaar.
In designing the new can, the original bottle shape and other distinctive iconography have been incorporated into the can design. "The bottle is still the main icon of brand and we have it printed on the can, but the distinctive yellow and acacia tree in the logo will also make it immediately distinguishable as Savanna.
"If you look at the bottle, its simplicity is what makes it unique, unpretentious and classic. To replicate that on a can was quite a challenge. We are very proud of the design that incorporates our bottle shape, but deconstructs our logo elements to create something that is distinctively different to our competitors. The gold colour also has impressive consumer appeal and our loyal fans have commented positively on the design in all our social spaces."
Klaus Hass, sales & marketing director of Nampak Bevcan, the manufacturers of the new can, says the move towards cans is an important industry trend. "Over the past few years we have seen a growth in excess of 25% in alcoholic beverages in cans."
One of the greatest benefits of cans is that it is 100% recyclable and more eco-friendly than several other packaging formats.
"Many consumers are demanding cans because they are the greenest choice in beverage packaging. Over 72% of all beverage cans produced in South Africa are collected for recycling. That is almost double that of any other beverage packaging type.
"Since cans cool quickly and stay that way for longer it uses less energy for refrigeration while allowing consumers to enjoy ice cold drinks for longer.
There are more benefits. "Cans are usually more practical and portable and deliver 100% protection against oxygen, gas, light, moisture and other potential contaminants. They have a longer shelf life, so they keep the beverage tasting as fresh as the day it was made.
"Cans are also hassle free. They are lightweight, durable and unbreakable and therefore safer for consumers to use," concludes Hass.
The collection of cans for recycling is also a source of income for unemployed people in South Africa. It is estimated that over 100 000 unemployed South Africans supplement their living through the collection and recycling of cans.


Need to update your paint colors? Now is the best time to do so!
Ask yourself some questions to come up with a personal color guide. What are the colors that appeal to you from the fall palate? What comes to my mind from the red family are deep clay, spice, burnt orange, or habanera chili! How about the green family? Perhaps the color of herbs, sage, olives, or moss. Yellow has extended shades that go well with the fall palate, such as mustard, tea stain, honey, and white raisins. When it comes to the blue family, think more blues with lighter shades and yellow undertones. Please do not forget that purples can make dynamic accents, are wonderful compliments to yellows, and work beautifully well with greens. Perhaps using purples with red undertones will be your excellent choice for the fall. Whatever you decide, make sure you are thinking subdued and grayed to really get that season's feeling in your home.
Once you pick the colors you want to work with, make sure they work well with your current décor! Use them as accents to your already present design and furniture: bring in new pillows, lamp shades, tassels, accessories, and so on. You aren't redecorating the room, just dressing it appropriately for the new season!


Nigeria, like any other country in the world, has its own share of security challenges, but it's nothing the right blend of safety precautions and awareness cannot handle. So, we have created some safety tips as well as numbers to put on your speed dial in case of emergencies.
Nigeria, like any other country in the world, has its own share of security challenges, but it's nothing the right blend of safety precautions and public awareness cannot handle. This is even more important if you have been away from the country for a while because a lot of things have changed.
For your maximum comfort and security while in Nigeria, we have created some safety tips as well as phone numbers to put on your speed dial in case of an emergency.
See Also: Have you seen Nigeria?
Attending concerts and going to packed parties are undoubtedly some of the ways to celebrate, this holiday. However, this should be done with a great level of caution. Many things can happen in a crowd, one of which is pickpocketing or even worse forms of stealing. Minding what's in your pocket, and in your hand, in overcrowded places could prevent your groove from turning to grieve.
Whether it is your house or vehicle, always ensure you lock up when you are in and out. Locking up at home includes bolting your gates properly and, depending on where you live, shutting your windows too is necessary. For your car, locking up entails double-checking that your car windows are wound up and doors are locked when driving and when you park.
There is always the possibility that your phone battery may run down or you may lose your phone. Memorizing at least one phone number belonging to a friend or family member would help you out of such situation. This has to be a Nigerian number by the way and preferably owned by someone who is always quick to answer the phone.
Wherever you may be in the world, it's always safer and more convenient to move around with very little cash. Home, in Nigeria, is not any different. The great thing is that you also get a very good backup in the GTBank Naira MasterCard, with which you can pay for anything, from drinks in a pub, to groceries in the supermarket. You can also get a Utility Card, instantly in any GTBank branch, if you would like to separate your planned expenses from your regular savings. There is also *737#, which once you dial, using the (Nigerian) phone number registered to your GTBank account, you can carry out transactions such as airtime recharge, payments and funds transfers.
Airtime top-up – Dial *737*Amount# to top up your phone or *737*Amount*phone number# to buy airtime for your loved ones.
Download the emergency numbers of Police Command PROs in different states across Nigeria, click HERE.


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Q: SAPUI5 ODataModel metadata $format=xml i am trying to connect sapui5/openui5 ODataModel to an odata-server. I want to use a nodejs server with package simple-odata-server. Unfortunately this odata server provides metadata only in xml-format. But sapui5 tries to load metadata in json-format.
Before i switch to another odata server, i want to check, wether sapui5 can load metadata in xml-format. I tried to create the model with several parameters, but ODataModel still tries to load metadata as json.
var oModel = new ODataModel("/odata", {
    "metadataUrlParams": "$format=xml",
    "json": false
});

Does anybody know, wether i can switch to $format=xml
Thanks in advance,
Torsten

A: As far as I know the OData protocol metadata is always provided as XML, never seen metadata in JSON format. Also my n-odata-server Qualiture mentioned in the comment above does it. But I never had problems with SAPUI5. It requests the metadata, gets the xml stream and works with it.

A: Since the metadataUrlParams parameter is of type map I'd suppose it would at least do what you intend like this:
var oModel = new ODataModel("/odata", {
  "metadataUrlParams": {
    "$format": "xml"
  }
});

https://sapui5.hana.ondemand.com/sdk/#docs/api/symbols/sap.ui.model.odata.ODataModel.html#constructor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Mad Men is finally in full swing as Season 5 introduces us to some new staff members and reintroduces us to all the old faces too. And no old face is better than John Slattery as my absolutely favorite character, Roger Sterling. His irreverence is palpable and the ease with which he pulls off this part, almost makes you wonder if he's anything like Roger in his real life.
Alas, I'm not married to him – but I would love to be on the show. He's hilarious and his ability to self-depricate is second to none.


It's not summer until the pool inflatables flood your Instagram feed.
Last year, it was all about the blow-up flamingo. What will the pool inflatable of 2018 be? We take a look at the greatest blowups on the net, from avocados to mermaid tails. Get your Instagram face ready!


Saturday's races will feature one showdown that should catch attention, pitting Rich Guasco's Pure Hell 1963 fuel-altered roadster, which has been a hit on the drag-racing circuit since the mid-1960s, against Stormy Byrd's The Revelation, another roadster from the '60s.
"He's racing basically the Eagle Field favorite, with a car that was also raced in the mid-60s with what they call a fuel-modified roadster," Phillips said. "It never had the notoriety of Pure Hell. He bought it from a movie studio – they were going to use it for American Graffiti 2, but they never did, so he bought it and has been racing it ever since.
Putting on the races is easier than it used to be, with about 50 volunteers that have been with Phillips since the event began. He's also thankful his job with Cerutti and Sons Trucking in Fresno allows him time to put the event together.
Saturday's Lions race will culminate in the Doorslammer Quick-8, which pits the cars with the fastest times of the day into two eight-car brackets.
"Everybody wants to go to the coffee shop on Monday and be the talk of the town, but only one guy gets to," Phillips said.
Daily admission is $15 for spectators (children younger than 14 are free) and race entry is $40 per car and driver and $25 per mini bike and rider. The event offers free camping with a two-day general admission purchase. Racing begins at noon on May 17. Details: www.eaglefielddrags.com.


with what they wear by creating unique designs with movable motifs through combinations of different materials.
We hope our work creates a primitive familiarity that transcends differences in nationality, age, or gender, such as the way one feels when remembering a favorite treasure from childhood.
Copyright 2017 jouet All Rights Reserve.


There is an ongoing outbreak of extensively-drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever in Pakistan that does not respond to most antibiotics. Cases were first reported in the province of Hyderabad and the city of Karachi, but the outbreak has now spread to other parts of the country. In 2018, cases of XDR typhoid fever were reported in travellers coming from Pakistan to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Use alcohol-based hand sanitizer only if soap and water are not available. It's a good idea to always keep some with you when you travel.


At AlgoZone we were faced with the problem of numerous fraudulent transactions that caused harm to our business. We have dedicated last two year to develop approaches and system to detect fraudulent orders and protect business without causing inconvenience for our customers. Now we would like to share our experience with other online business affected by fraudulent orders.
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You can read How it works for more detailed information about Fraud Screen process.
The osCommerce AlgoZone Fraud Screen module is free of charge and available for download. You can review AFS free of charge without any obligations and get protected from fraud. We provide 100 free queries for you to try AlgoZone Fraud Screen module.


A MOVIE backed by crowding-funding has highlighted the battle of a Samsung factory worker's family to win compensation for her cancer death.
A MOVIE funded by donations and crowding-funding investments from nearly 7000 people has highlighted the battle of a Samsung factory worker's family to win compensation for her death from leukemia in the face of media indifference and corporate obstruction.
Another Family, which premiered during the 18th Busan International Film Festival ending on Saturday, is a fictional account based on the story of Hwang Yu-mi, who died aged 23 from leukemia in 2007, four years after joining Samsung's memory chip factory in Yongin, South Korea. The title resonates widely in South Korea because it is a well-known Samsung advertising slogan.
Hwang's father Sang-gi, a taxi driver, won a court ruling in June 2011 that overturned a government agency's finding that Samsung was not responsible for Hwang's cancer. In South Korea, the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service levies companies and compensates workers after reviewing their claims on industrial hazards and diseases. The agency has appealed the ruling.
Of three dozen Samsung employees who last year sought compensation for diseases allegedly caused by Samsung, only two won compensation, according to Lee Jong-ran, an attorney who helps tech industry workers who contracted leukemia and other cancers. About a dozen people have filed lawsuits seeking to overturn the welfare agency's refusal to recognise a link between their diseases and working conditions at Samsung, she said.
In the fictionalised account of Another Family, a sickened young woman and her father are ignored by most reporters and former colleagues as they try to show a link between chemicals used at the factory where she worked and her cancer.
The company, named Jinsung to avoid a possible libel suit, stymies her father's efforts to find witnesses. A company official tails her family day and night, offering increasingly larger sums of money to settle. The names of Hwang and her father are also altered for the movie, to Han.
In one poignant scene, Han's father stands outside Jinsung's factory gate seeking witnesses who could testify in court about working conditions. Suddenly he is surrounded by three buses that blast dance music. Co-producer Daniel Park said the dramatic scene was based on an incident outside a Samsung factory involving two buses.
Samsung denied the bus incident occurred. "The scenes depicted in this film are not a factual representation of actual events," it said. "Since 2012 Samsung has reached out several times to the families of former employees and remains committed to active dialogue"
Director Kim Taeyun said Another Family was inspired by a 2011 news article about Hwang's father who won the court victory after a seemingly hopeless battle against South Korea's largest corporation.
As families of the sick workers lose income while facing mounting hospital bills, many cannot resist settling with Samsung, rather than being submerged by years of lawsuits against the government agency and Samsung.
"If he had settled with the company, I wondered if he could have continued smiling," Kim said of Hwang's father.
In another echo of reality, Kim depicts South Korean reporters flocking to Jinsung's press conference saying its factory is safe. In the following scene, victims and their families hold a sparsely attended press conference saying they got sick from working at the factory.
"There is almost no media that is critical of Samsung," the director said. "For example, when (tech workers advocacy group) Banolim issues a press release, the following day there are articles about Samsung's new products." Banolim is the Korean name of SHARPs, a coalition of workers and activists helping electronics industry workers diagnosed with rare diseases.
The movie also highlights the burden on the workers who bear the onus of proving the link between their disease and the company even without the access to information about what is going on inside the factory.
"Even now Samsung is not releasing the names of the chemicals saying they are trade secrets," Hwang's father told audiences at the theatre.
Hwang's father said he laughed and wept watching stories that he knew so well. Many members of the audience also wept during the movie.
Kim said seeing other movies getting donations and finding investors through crowd-funding websites emboldened him to make the movie that others said might be risky. More than 6000 people donated nearly 280 million won ($276,000) for Another Family in exchange of movie tickets or DVDs. Other individuals invested some 450 million won in the film.


In this case, a group of developers, landlords and property managers rented a squalid apartment in a large complex to our clients, a mother and her teenage son.
Shortly after renting the apartment, the landlords and developers began a condo conversion project that involved the demolition and renovation of over 200 apartments. Noise pollution in the tenants' unit caused one of the tenants to suffer hearing damage. Crews hired by the developers created deafening noise for 10-12 hours a day with heavy equipment, huge cranes, jackhammers, electrical saws, grinders and other construction and demolition activities. The demolition activities, which included the removal of asbestos and lead paint, caused a constant dust problem. The landlords were repeatedly cited by the housing inspector for dust related violations, but they failed to correct the problem. The tenants lived in the center of this noisy and dirty demolition zone for nearly 3 years.
In addition to the constant noise and dust, the tenants apartment was flooded with water on more than a dozen occasions. Not only did the flooding cause more than $30,000 in damage to the tenants' property, but it caused an outbreak of hazardous black mold that was detrimental to the tenants' health. Although the landlord was ordered to correct this problem by the housing inspector, it failed to do so for more than two years.
In addition to the noise, dust, flooding and mold, the landlord caused the tenants ceiling to collapse by illegally dumping construction materials on their ceiling from the upper floors of the building. One of the tenants was trapped in the unit when the ceiling collapsed. As a result of this incident and other dangerous activities of the landlord, she developed post traumatic stress disorder. The tenants were displaced from the unit for two weeks while debris was removed and repairs were made.
In addition to the noise, dust, flooding, mold, ceiling collapse and the vehicular intrusion, the landlords installed a defective bathtub in the apartment and refused to correct the problem when the tenant complained. One of the tenants fell and was severely injured in the bathtub, requiring surgery on her hip.
In addition to the noise, dust, flooding, mold, ceiling collapse, vehicular intrusion and defective bathtub, the landlord and developer sent workmen into the tenants' apartment and cut holes in the tenants walls and ceiling while the tenants were present in order to provide upgraded plumbing for newly renovated luxury condominiums in the building.
When we learned of these violations, and many others, our firm mailed a letter to the defendants asking for compensation for the emotional distress, medical bills, pain, property damage and diminished rental value that the tenants suffered. Although the violations were well documented and the defendants had a duty to make a good faith settlement offer under state law, the defendants refused to make any offer of settlement. It was only by filing suit and relentlessly pursuing the case against the defendants that we were able to secure a substantial settlement.
Interestingly, when we initially attended a mediation in the case, the mediator insisted that we would never be able to settle the case for more than $150,000. We declined to settle the case on that day because we estimated that the settlement value of the case was significantly higher. Although we were still not able to settle the case after a second day of mediation, the defendants relented as we were getting ready for trial, settling the case for a total of $415,000.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Indianapolis 500 started in fine fashion last weekend, with the IndyCar Series recording its highest UK audiences in nearly six years, overnight viewing figures show.
Live coverage of the first day of qualifying, broadcast on Saturday evening from 21:00 to 00:00 on BT Sport/ESPN, averaged 44k (0.31%). The scheduled slot from 21:00 to 23:00 averaged 45k (0.27%), meaning that the audience stayed very stable during the overrun.
Coverage started relatively low, with an audience of 14k (0.06%) watching at 21:10. This quickly built up though, hitting 30k at 21:25, 40k at 21:50 and then peaking with an excellent 68k (0.41%) at 22:05. Audiences stayed above 50k until 22:55, partly attributed to Sebastian Bourdais' horrific crash, which stopped the session for around 40 minutes.
The audience for day one is the highest ever for the IndyCar series on BT Sport, and the highest since Sky Sports' broadcast of the 2011 Indianapolis 500. Viewing figures dropped for day two of qualifying. An average audience of 29k (0.17%) watched qualifying on BT Sport/ESPN from 21:00 to 23:00 on Sunday evening, peaking with 43k (0.26%), again during the segment when Fernando Alonso was on circuit.
Although there is a larger audience around on Sunday evenings, coverage of on-track action was sporadic: Saturday had action without commercials from 21:00 until Bourdais' crash at around 22:30, giving a chance for the audience to build. On the other hand, Sunday's qualifying programme had twenty minutes with no on-track action from 21:40 to 22:00, which would have depleted viewing figures.
Next Sunday's Indianapolis 500 is likely to be the biggest figure for an American domestic motor race in a generation in the UK, with more than 100,000 viewers expected. It is difficult to be more specific than that at this stage as warm weather is likely to knock audiences.
It was a good weekend as well for the electric Formula E championship. Round six of the season took place last Saturday in Paris. The race, which aired live on Channel 5 from 14:30 to 16:20, averaged 381k (4.4%), peaking with 468k. Last year's action from Paris, which aired on ITV4, peaked with 187k (2.1%) in a similar time slot.
It is the highest share of the season for Formula E and the second highest audience of the season, behind Buenos Aires. It is also comfortably the highest non-London race ever for the championship (also beating part one of last year's London ePrix which aired on ITV).
Whilst it is too early to say whether the championship is drawing in new viewers as this is just one race in isolation, the audience figure for Paris is an encouraging sign for the series. Formula E should be able to maintain some momentum going forward, with no elongated gaps between now and the end of the season.
Do you think the one week gap between Monaco and Paris helped here? Casual viewers must have thought "Oh that Formula E from last week is on again, I'll watch that" rather than watching one race and forgetting it's on.
Absolutely. Having races frequently (i.e. no ridiculous one month+ gaps) will only help the audience over time. It's insane that the first half of the season occurred over 7 months, yet the second half will occur over 2 and a bit months!
The figures may be good for BT, but imaging what the numbers would look like if Indy was shown on a more widely available channel. IndyCar/BT has missed a trick by not negotiating to sub licence the race to a free to air channel. If Alonso brought half the F1 audience with him they would easily get a million viewers.


text:
Margin: Liberal 4.7%
Region: Southern Metropolitan
Federal: Higgins (59%)/Melbourne Ports (41%)
Candidates in ballot paper order
SAM HIBBINS
NEIL PHARAOH
JASON SIMON GOLDSMITH
STEVE STEFANOPOULOS
CLEM NEWTON-BROWN
Liberal (top)
ELEONORA GULLONE
Animal Justice
ALAN MAXWELL MENADUE
2010 BOOTH RESULTS MAP
RESULTS MAP: Two-party preferred booth results from 2010 state election showing Liberal majority in blue and Labor in red. New boundaries in thicker blue lines, old ones in thinner red lines. Boundary data courtesy of Ben Raue of The Tally Room.
PAST RESULTS: Break at 1999 represents effect of the subsequent redistribution.
DEMOGRAPHICS: Based on 2012 census. School Leavers is percentage of high school graduates divided by persons over 18. LOTE is number identified as speaking language other than English at home, divided by total population.
Located in Melbourne's inner south-east, Prahran encompasses a diverse mix of elements which taken together constitute a marginal seat, having changed hands from Liberal to Labor in 2002 and back again in 2010. The electorate's defining fault line is between the nightlife and shopping district around Chapel Street at the southern end, which among other things is a hub of Melbourne's gay community, and Liberal-voting South Yarra and western Toorak along the river in the north. There is a further divide within the latter area, in that Toorak's median age of 43 is fully 10 years older than South Yarra's, which is reflected in its particularly strong support for the Liberals.
Prahran has existed in one form or another since 1889, and has been in conservative hands more often than not. The Liberals retained the seat when the Kennett government was dumped in 1999, before a 9.2% swing in the 2002 landslide delivered it to Labor's Tony Lupton. Current member Clem Newton-Brown defeated Lupton on the second attempt in 2010, gaining swings of 0.8% in 2006 and 7.8% swing in 2010. A number of boundary adjustments in the redistribution have added 0.4% to the margin, the most consequential being a redrawing of the western boundary with Albert Park that adds 1200 voters west of St Kilda Road and removes 3000 voters further to the south. Slightly further to the east, the boundary with Caulfield has been amended to add 1600 voters in St Kilda East and remove 1700 in Balaclava and St Kilda east of St Kilda Road. At the eastern end of the electorate, 1400 voters in Toorak have been transferred to Malvern.
Clem Newton-Brown was a barrister before entering parliament, and served as Deputy Lord Mayor from 1999 to 2001. His preselection in 2006 was described as part of a "grassroots revolt" by branch members against the dominant Kroger-Costello camp. He has not so far enjoyed major promotion, having to wait until March 2014 to reach his present status as parliamentary secretary in the education portfolio. Labor's candidate is Neil Pharaoh, head of partnerships at Foundation for Young Australians and a former national convenor of Rainbow Labor, which advocates for gay interests within the party.
In the final days of the campaign, James Campbell of the Herald-Sun related that the Liberals were beginning to regard the seat as "a worry", and there had also been bullish talk from the Labor side of the fence. However, the late swing to the Liberals picked up by the polls may have soothed the Liberals' nerves a little.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}
The  physics underlying  the interface  sandwiched  between insulating
oxides SrTiO$_3$ and LaAlO$_3$  has generated tremendous excitement in
the  last  few  years after  the  discovery  of  a high  mobility  two
dimensional  electron gas  (2DEG) at  the interface~\cite{Ohtomo2004}.
In 2007, Reyren,  \textit{et al.}~\cite{Reyren31082007} found that the
system is superconducting below 200 mK. The other intriguing phenomena
the   2DEG  exhibits  are   electric  field   induced  metal-insulator
transition~\cite{Cen2008,Caviglia2008,lu:172103}                    and
superconductor-insulator transition~\cite{PhysRevLett.103.226802}.  In
particular,  there  are strong  evidences  that the  superconductivity
coexists  with a finite magnetic moment  (0.3-0.4~$\mu_B$  per interface
unit  cell)~\cite{PhysRevLett.107.056802}. Torque  magnetometry  and
transport measurements report an  in-plane magnetic ordering from well
below the superconducting  transition to 200 K~\cite{Li2011}. Scanning
squid data reveals that, the sample contains sub-micrometer patches of
ferromagnetic   domain  within  a   non-uniform  background   of  weak
diamagnetic superconducting susceptibility~\cite{Bert2011}.

The highly unusual coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism
has  spawned several  theoretical  efforts to  unravel  the nature  of
states  at   the  interface.  As  proposed   by  Pavlenko,  \textit{et
  al.}~\cite{PhysRevB.85.020407},  magnetism may  not be  an intrinsic
property of  the 2DEG, but  is a result  of the spin splitting  of the
populated  electronic  states  induced  by  Oxygen  vacancies  in  the
SrTiO$_3$ or  LaAlO$_3$ layer. The metallic behavior  of the interface
results  from  the  2D  electron  liquid produced  by  the  electronic
reconstruction.  The metallic  state is  related to  a superconducting
state  below  200  mK,   occurring  in  regions  of  vanishing  Oxygen
vacancies.   Michaeli,  \textit{et  al.}~\cite{PhysRevLett.108.117003}
argued that due to strong spin-orbit interaction superconductivity and
ferromagnetism can coexist via Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)
type pairing at finite momentum;  the FFLO state being quite sensitive
to disorder while possibly even stabilized by strong disorder.

According  to  Fidkowski,  \textit{et  al.}~\cite{PhysRevB.87.014436},
droplets  of  superconductivity  are  formed in  the  bulk  insulating
SrTiO$_3$ due  to some  imperfections in the  lattice. In  presence of
LaAlO$_3$, the mobile electrons in the 2DEG mediate a coupling between
the   droplets   which  percolate   and   grow   until  a   long-range
superconducting        order       forms.         Another       recent
suggestion~\cite{2013arXiv1304.2970C}  is multi-band superconductivity
resulting    from   percolation    of   filamentary    structures   of
superconducting     puddles.     Recently,     Randeria,    \textit{et
  al.}~\cite{Banerjee2013}    proposed   that    the    ground   state
magnetization  is   a  long-wavelength  spiral  aligning   to  a  weak
ferromagnetism  in the  presence of  applied magnetic  field.  Several
studies have  provided hints, but  not yet conclusive support  for the
existence   of   superconductivity   and  ferromagnetism   and   their
coexistence.

It  is  now  well-understood  that  the  metallic  conduction  at  the
interface is  mainly due to two  reasons: the Oxygen  vacancies at the
interface~\cite{PhysRevX.3.021010,  PhysRevB.86.064431,Schlom2011} and
an intrinsic electronic transfer  mechanism known as polar catastrophe
in which  half an  electronic charge is  transferred to  the interface
~\cite{Nakagawa2006,PhysRevB.80.075110}.   The    electrons   at   the
interface, which is TiO$_2$ terminated, occupy the 3d $t_{2g}$ orbital
of Ti  atoms.  Michaeli, \textit{et al.}~\cite{PhysRevLett.108.117003}
pointed  out   that  there   are  three  different   bands,  uniformly
distributed  at the interface,  responsible for  superconductivity and
ferromagnetism. The $d_{xy}$ band is wider than the $d_{xz}$, $d_{yz}$
bands and is  relatively lower in energy at the  $\Gamma$ point. It is
therefore likely that the electrons  in this band get localized at the
interface  sites  due  to  Coulomb  correlation  and  eventually  form
localized moments. A  ferromagnetic local exchange interaction between
the conduction  band electrons and  the local moments  will thereafter
lead to an effective in-plane Zeeman field. The Zener kinetic exchange
may  then order local  moments as  well. Very  recently, spectroscopic
studies  provided  direct  evidence  for  in-plane  ferromagnetism  of
electrons  with $d_{xy}$  character~\cite{Lee2013}.  Another important
feature of  the system is  the large Rashba coupling  which originates
from the  broken inversion  symmetry in the  two-dimensional interface
plane.

It is more  or less evident that inhomogeneities  at the interface, in
the  form   of  Oxygen  vacancies  and  intrinsic   disorder,  are  an
inseparable part  of the interface.  It is therefore likely  that they
have a profound effect on  the long range orders and their coexistence
at  the interface.  In the  following analysis,  we  use inhomogeneous
Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) theory to study the effects of non-magnetic
disorder  on  superconductivity  and  magnetism at  the  interface  in
presence of a strong Rashba  coupling.  Our calculations show that due
to large  disorder, the system  forms superconducting islands.  At the
regions  where superconductivity is  destroyed by  disorder, electrons
order  ferromagnetically along  the plane  due to  the  in-plane field
forming ferromagnetic domains.   This disorder-driven electronic phase
separation enables superconductivity  and ferromagnetism to coexist in
the same sample  in electronically phase-separated regions. Electronic
phase separation as a  mechanism for coexistence of various long-range
orders   has   been   established    in   manganites   in   the   last
decade~\cite{PhysRevLett.80.845,Dagotto20011}.    Its   role  in   the
interfaces has  also been  posited by some  experimental groups  and a
theoretical  analysis in  the present  context is  therefore eminently
topical.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In the next section, we
describe our  model for a Rashba  spin-orbit-coupled superconductor in
presence of an  in-plane Zeeman field. In section~\ref{bdg_treatment},
starting with the standard  inhomogeneous BdG mean-field formalism, we
present  and   analyze  the   effects  of  spatial   inhomogeneity  on
superconductivity and ferromagnetism and their possible coexistence at
the  interface.  In  addition,   we  extend  our  analysis  to  finite
temperatures and study the coexistence. Sections~\ref{discussions} and
~\ref{conclusion}  are  for  discussions  of  results  and  concluding
remarks.

\vspace{-1.9em}
\section{Model}
\label{model}\vspace{-0.5em}
Electrons at  the interface occupy the  $t_{2g}$ bands of  Ti atom and
therefore   these   bands   are   thought  to   be   responsible   for
superconductivity  and  ferromagnetism in  the  system. The  electrons
occupying $d_{xy}$ band, which is much wider than $d_{xz}$ or $d_{yz}$
bands and is lower in energy  at the $\Gamma$ point, are localized due
primarily to  the electron-electron correlation at  the interface. The
local moments interact via  exchange interaction with the electrons in
conduction band (claimed to  be slightly below the terminating TiO$_2$
layer in the  SrTiO$_3$ side~\cite{PhysRevLett.108.117003}) leading to
an  in-plane  Zeeman   field.   Superconductivity  originates  from  a
short-range electron-electron  attractive interaction of  strength $U$
(possibly retarded by the  phonon energies). The following Hamiltonian
describes a  Rashba spin-orbit  coupled superconductor in  an in-plane
Zeeman field.
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&{\cal H}={\cal H}_0+{\cal H}_{ex}+{\cal H}_{so}+{\cal H}_{sc},\\
&{\cal H}_0=\sum_{k,\sigma}\epsilon_k c_{k\sigma}^\dagger c_{k\sigma}\\
&{\cal H}_{ex}=-\sum_{k,\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}}( \boldsymbol{H} \cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma})_{\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}}c_{k\sigma}^\dagger c_{k\sigma^{\prime}}\\
&{\cal H}_{so}=\alpha \sum_{k,\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}} ( \boldsymbol{R}(\boldsymbol{k}) \cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma})_{\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}} c_{k\sigma}^\dagger c_{k\sigma^{\prime}}\\
&{\cal H}_{sc}=-U\sum_{k,k'} c_{k\uparrow}^\dagger c_{-k\downarrow}^\dagger c_{k'\downarrow} c_{-k'\uparrow}
\end{split}
\label{hamiltonian}
\end{equation}
\noindent  where,  $\epsilon_k =-2t(\cos  k_x  +  \cos k_y)-\mu$  with
hopping  amplitude $t$  in  a square  lattice  and chemical  potential
$\mu$. The in-plane  Zeeman field is given by  $H=(H_x,H_y,0)$ and the
Rashba  coupling  is   $R({\boldsymbol{k}})=(\sin  k_y,  -\sin  k_x)$,
$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$ being the Pauli matrices.
The Rashba  spin-orbit interaction creates helical bands  in which the
electron  spins   are  aligned  with  respect  to   the  direction  of
propagation  as shown  in Fig.~\ref{bands_fs}(a).   The  energy bands,
created by  the Rashba  SOC with in-plane  Zeeman field, are  given by
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_{\pm}(\mathbf{k})=\epsilon_k \pm |\alpha \boldsymbol{R}(\boldsymbol{k})-\boldsymbol{H}|
\end{equation}
\noindent  and the corresponding
eigenstates $c_{k,\pm}$ are obtained by the following transformation
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\begin{pmatrix} \begin{array}{c} c_{k\uparrow} \\ c_{k\downarrow} \end{array} \end{pmatrix} &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix} \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1\\e^{i\phi_{k}} & -e^{i\phi_{k}} \end{array} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \begin{array}{c} c_{k,+} \\ c_{k,-} \end{array} \end{pmatrix}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\noindent where $\phi_{k}=\tan^{-1}(\frac{-\sin k_x-H_y}{\sin k_y-H_x})$.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=band1.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color   online)  (a)  Two-sheeted   Fermi  surface   of  the
  Rashba-splited  bands showing  the  helical alignment  of the  spins
  (green)  and  corresponding momentum  (orange).   The (b)  resultant
  bands and (c) asymmetric  Fermi surface created by Rashba spin-orbit
  interaction with Zeeman field along $\hat{x}$ direction.}
\label{bands_fs}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\noindent In the chiral  basis $[c_{k,+}, c_{k,-}]$, ${\cal H}_0+{\cal
  H}_{ex}+{\cal  H}_{so}$  is diagonal  and  ${\cal  H}_{sc}$ has  the
pairing symmetry of $p_x \pm ip_y$ superconductivity:
\begin{equation}
{\cal H}_{sc}=\sum_k \Delta(e^{-i\phi_{k}}c_{k,+}^{\dagger}c_{-k,+}^{\dagger}+e^{i\phi_{k}}c_{k,-}^{\dagger}c_{-k,-}^{\dagger}+h.c.)
\end{equation}
\noindent with $\Delta$ as the  pairing amplitude. The Zeeman field in
the in-plane direction shifts the Fermi surface from the center of the
Brillouin  zone,  as  shown  in Fig.~\ref{bands_fs}(b)  and  (c),  and
therefore removes the  degeneracy of a pair of  electrons on the Fermi
surface   with   opposite    wave   vectors   ${\boldsymbol{k}}$   and
$-{\boldsymbol{k}}$. Hence for pairing  of electrons with same energy,
it turns out to be energetically  favorable to have a finite center of
mass       momentum      (proportional      to       the      in-plane
field~\cite{PhysRevB.81.184502}) of the pair.

In a clean system, the field due to moments at the interface is fairly
strong  and   may  even   be  larger  than   superconducting  critical
field~\cite{PhysRevLett.108.117003}. In  that case the  system becomes
magntically ordered.  On the  other hand, if  the field is  not strong
enough,    supreconductivity   may    dominate   in    a   homogeneous
system.   However,  disorder   has   a  significant   effect  on   the
superconducting state (particularly for  non-s-wave cases) and in turn
lead to  islands of non-superconducting regions.  Phase segregation in
real space  is a likely  outcome in such inhomogeneous  situations and
superconductivity   and    ferromagnetism   coexist.   The   following
Bogoliubov-de  Gennes analysis explores  the role  of disorder  on the
superconductivity in such a system.

\section{Role of spatial Inhomogeneity}
\label{bdg_treatment}
The  interplay  between  superconductivity  and disorder  has  been  a
central     issue     of     many     recent     investigations     on
superconductivity~\cite{PhysRevB.65.014501,dubinature2007,Chatterjee2008582}.
With  increasing  disorder,  there  exists  a  phase  transition  from
superconductor     to     insulator     in    two-dimensional     thin
films~\cite{PhysRevLett.65.923}.   The  Rashba spin-orbit  interaction
induces chiral $p_x  \pm ip_y$-wave superconductivity where Anderson's
theorem,  unlike in  conventional \textit{s}-wave  superconductors, is
not  applicable. Hence,  it  is  interesting to  study  the effect  of
non-magnetic   disorder  on   a  two-dimensional   system   with  both
ferromagnetism  and unconventional superconductivity,  especially when
there is broken mirror symmetry.

We  consider  the  following  BdG  Hamiltonian for  a  Rashba  coupled
superconductor  on a  square lattice  with an  effective  Zeeman field
along the $\hat{x}$ direction (without any loss of generality only the
$x$-component of the field is considered for simplicity),
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
{\cal H}_{BdG}&=-t\sum_{<ij>,\sigma}(c_{i\sigma}^\dagger c_{j\sigma}+h.c.)-
\sum_{i,\sigma}(\mu-V{_i}) c_{i\sigma}^\dagger c_{i\sigma}\\
&-H_x\sum_{i,\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}}(\sigma_x)_{\sigma \sigma^{\prime}}c_{i\sigma}^\dagger c_{i\sigma^{\prime}}+ \sum_{i}\Delta(r_i)(c_{i\uparrow}^{\dagger}c_{i\downarrow}^{\dagger}+h.c.)\\
&-i\frac{\alpha}{2}\sum_{<ij>,\sigma,\sigma^{\prime}}c_{i\sigma}^{\dagger}(\boldsymbol{\sigma}_{\sigma \sigma^{\prime}} \times \boldsymbol{d}_{ij})_z c_{j\sigma^{\prime}}
\end{split}
\label{HBdG}
\end{equation}
\noindent where  $V_i$ is  the random disorder  in the  local chemical
potential, taken  to be  uniformly distributed between  [-W,W]. ${\cal
  H}_{BdG}$ is diagonalized  via a spin-generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin
transformation
$\hat{c}_{i\sigma}(r_i)=\sum_{i,\sigma^{\prime}}u_{n\sigma\sigma^{\prime}}(r_i)\hat{\gamma}_{n\sigma^{\prime}}+v_{n\sigma\sigma^{\prime}}^*(r_i)\hat{\gamma}^{\dagger}_{n\sigma^{\prime}}$.
This  gives  the following  equation  for  the  local order  parameter
$\Delta(r_i)=-U<c_{i\uparrow}c_{i\downarrow}>$   in   terms   of   the
Bogoliubov amplitudes $u_{n\sigma}(r_i)$ and $v_{n\sigma}(r_i)$:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\Delta(r_i)=&-U\sum_{n}[u_{n\uparrow}(r_i)v^*_{n\downarrow}(r_i)(1-f(E_n))\\
&+u_{n\downarrow}(r_i)v^*_{n\uparrow}(r_i)f(E_n)]
\end{split}
\label{delsi}
\end{equation}
\noindent  where $f(x)=1/(1+e^{x/{k_BT}})$  is the  Fermi  function at
temperature  $T$.  The  in-plane magnetization  density with
exchange field along $\hat{x}$ direction is obtained via
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
m(r_i)&=<c_{i\uparrow}^{\dagger}c_{i\downarrow}+c_{i\downarrow}^{\dagger}c_{i\uparrow}>\\
&=\sum_{n,\sigma}u_{n\sigma}^{*}u_{n\sigma^{\prime}}f(E_n)+v_{n\sigma}u_{n\sigma^{\prime}}^{*}(1-f(E_n))
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The  orbital contribution  to the  magnetic moment  is expected  to be
fairly  small in  the inhomogeneous,  phase segregated  situation with
short   superconducting    mean-free   path   ($\xi$).     In   chiral
superconductors,  even for  homogeneous condensates,  this is  a hotly
debated issue and values of orbital moment range from $\hbar$ per pair
to $k_{F}\xi$  or even $(k_{F}\xi )^2$ (i.e.,  corresponding moment of
order $\mu_{B}$ or 10$^{-6}\mu_B$;  for recent results and comments on
this,                                                               see
Ref.~\cite{1367-2630-11-5-055063,JPSJ.65.664,Stone20082,PhysRevB.74.024408}).
Clearly, in an inhomogeneous situation  such as the one obtains in the
interface (with an intrinsically short $\xi$), the total effect coming
from  the magnetic domains  would be  much reduced.   The experimental
indicators certainly do  not subscribe to a large  contribution to the
angular momentum, though careful experiments like Kerr rotation, X-ray
circular dichroism,  $\mu$SR and resonant Raman  scattering are needed
to resolve  this.  We have,  therefore, ignored this in  the foregoing
and restricted ourselves to the spin contribution only.

The      quasi-particle     amplitudes      $u_{n\sigma}(r_i)$     and
$v_{n\sigma}(r_i)$  are  determined   by  solving  the  following  BdG
equations:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
{\cal H}_{BdG}\phi_n(r_i)=\epsilon_n\phi_n(r_i)
\end{split}
\label{bdg eq.}
\end{equation}
where $\phi_n=[u_{n\uparrow}(r_i),u_{n\downarrow}(r_i),v_{n\uparrow}(r_i),v_{n\downarrow}(r_i)]$.

In what  follows, Eq.(\ref{delsi}) and Eq.(\ref{bdg  eq.})  are solved
self-consistently on  a finite,  large two dimensional  square lattice
with  periodic boundary  conditions and  finally the  mean  values are
calculated     using    $\Delta=\frac{1}{N}\sum_i\Delta_s(r_i)$    and
$m=\frac{1}{N}\sum_im(r_i)$,   over   several   realizations  of   the
disorder.  N is the total  number of sites. The results presented here
are obtained with $31\times31$ lattice sites, which is large enough to
obtain a  quantitatively satisfactory  description.  We work  in grand
canonical  ensemble with  $t=1$ and  $U=1$ (consistent with previous
work~\cite{PhysRevB.65.014501,PhysRevLett.81.3940}) and unless specified,
the density of  electrons is kept  at half-filling. The case of filling
away from half is discussed later. We first  discuss our results at
$T=0$ and later extend to finite temperatures.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=dis_prof.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color online) The spatial  distribution of the local pairing
  amplitude $|\Delta(r_i)|$ (top  row) and magnetization (middle row).
  The columns are for disorder strength $W  = 0$, $W = 1$, $W = 2$ and
  $W = 4$  (from left to right). The lowest  row shows the coexistence
  in combined plots of  magnetization and local pairing amplitude; red
  and    blue    represent    regions   of    superconductivity    and
  ferromagnetism. The  parameters used are  $H_x = 0.5$ and  $\alpha =
  0.8$.}
\label{disorder_maps}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The inhomogeneous BdG method is useful to study the spatial variations
of  the  pairing  amplitude.    In  the  large  disorder  regime,  the
microscopic  details turn  out to  be  very important  leading to  new
unanticipated  results.   Fig.~\ref{disorder_maps}  shows the  spatial
distribution  of  the  local  pairing  amplitude  $|\Delta(r_i)|$  for
different  disorder  strengths.   The  top  and middle  row  show  the
development  of superconductivity and  magnetism separately  while the
bottom one reveals the full picture of coexistence.  In the homogenous
system ($W=0$),  superconductivity is  uniform at the  interface plane
and  the  magnetic response  is  very  weak.  However, in  the  highly
inhomogeneous  case ($W\geq2$),  the  disorder abets  in breaking  the
uniform suprconductivity into islands separated by non-superconducting
regions.  It is  quite  straightforward to  understand the  underlying
physical  situation  within  the  BdG  formalism.  The  regions  where
$|\mu-V_{i}|$  is small,  superconductivity sets  in easily  while the
regions  of  large number  fluctuations,  having large  $|\mu-V_{i}|$,
militate against  it. Robust ferromagnetic  puddles are formed  at the
regions where superconductivity is degraded by disorder. Thus disorder
helps the  two competing phases  to coexist by keeping  them spatially
seperated.

\subsubsection{Distribution of pairing gap and magnetization}
A great deal of information about the nucleation of the pairing on the
microscopic  scale   can  be  extracted  from  the   data  plotted  in
Fig.~\ref{disorder_maps}.  In Fig.~\ref{probability}(a),  we  plot the
distribution  of the  local  pairing amplitude  $|\Delta(r_i)|$ for  a
number of disorder strengths.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=prob.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color online) (a)  Probability distribution of local pairing
  amplitudes. Inset shows the variation of the probability at zero gap
  with  disorder strength. (b)  The curves  show the  probability P($<
  \Delta$) that the gaps are  less than a given $\Delta$ for different
  disorder strength.  Inset is $<|\Delta|>$ as a  function of disorder
  strength. (c)  The probability distribution  of local magnetization.
  Inset (i)  is P($< m$) as  a function of  $m$ and inset (ii)  is the
  variation  of average  magnetization with  disorder.  The parameters
  used are $H_x = 0.5$, $\alpha = 0.8$ at $W = 4$.}
\label{probability}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\noindent  In the homogeneous  system ($W=0$),  there is  a pronounced
peak  near  $|\Delta_0|$,  the  mean-field  value at  $T=0$.   As  the
disorder  increases, the  peak  at $|\Delta_0|$  decreases, weight  is
gradually transferred to lower gap values and the probability for zero
gap  increases  (shown  in  the inset  of  Fig.~\ref{probability}(a)),
indicating  the  formation  of  non-superconducting  regions.   It  is
interesting to note that even  for low disorder strength, regions with
zero  gap appear  and  long range  superconducting  order is  severely
affected  as  expected for  a  $p_x  \pm  ip_y$ superconductivity  (in
contrast   with  the   s-wave  case   where  the   effect   is  indeed
weaker~\cite{PhysRevB.65.014501}).   From Fig.~\ref{disorder_maps}, we
extract the  probability P($<  |\Delta|$) that the  gap value  is less
than a given $|\Delta|$, as plotted in Fig.~\ref{probability}(b). This
clearly demonstrates  how the propensity towards  formation of low-gap
(and  eventually gapless)  regions increases  rapidly  with increasing
disorder.  The inset of  Fig.~\ref{probability}(b) shows that the mean
pairing  amplitude  $<|\Delta|>$  decreases strongly  with  increasing
disorder.   However, it  never vanishes,  as pointed  out  by Avishai,
\textit{et  al.}~\cite{dubinature2007}; even  in  the strong  disorder
limits there are always few superconducting regions with finite gaps.

\noindent   Disorder  has   significant  effects   on   the  resulting
ferromagnetic landscape  described by the  probability distribution of
local   magnetization   in   Fig.~\ref{probability}(c).    The   peaks
correspond  to weak  ferromagnetic background,  which  gradually shift
towards zero as disorder increases. The tail at higher magnetizations,
for  $W \ge  2$ reflects  the  formation of  ferromagnetic puddles  at
higher  disorder  strength. However,  for  very  strong disorder,  the
ferromagnetic domains  are also destroyed, reflected in  the nature of
the    variation   of   average    magnetization   (inset    (ii)   of
Fig.~\ref{probability}(c)).  The competition between superconductivity
and ferromagnetism is borne out from a comparison of the distributions
P($<  |\Delta|$)  and  P($<   m$)  for  pairing  amplitude  and  local
magnetization  respectively.  With  higher  disorder, the  probability
P$(|\Delta|)$ of gapped regions decreases (Fig.~\ref{probability}(b)),
while  the regions  of ferromagnetic  domains increase  (inset  (i) of
Fig.~\ref{probability}(c)).     Thus   the    formation    of   robust
ferromagnetism tracks the destruction of superconducting regions. Such
a correlation is crucial for the observed formation of microscopically
phase separated regions of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the
interface~\cite{Wang2011}.

\subsubsection{Correlation functions}
To get a better understanding of the nature of superconducting regions
or  the ferromagnetic  domains and  the range  of their  order,  it is
useful   to   study   the  disorder-averaged   correlation   functions
$D_m(|r_i-r_j|)=<m(r_i)m(r_j)>$         and        $D_{sc}(|r_i-r_j|)=
<|\Delta|(r_i)|\Delta|(r_j)>$.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=corr.eps, width=80mm}\vspace{-1.0em}
\caption{(Color online) Plots of the correlation
    functions ${D_{fm}(|r_i-r_j|)}$ and ${D_{sc}(|r_i-r_j|)}$ (see text) for
    local magnetizations and superconducting pair-amplitudes respectively as a function
    of the separation $|r_i-r_j|$. All the plots are normalized to unity at
    zero-separation. The parameters used are $H_x = 0.5$, $\alpha = 0.8$ at
    $T = 0$.}
\label{corr_func}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\noindent  As depicted in  Fig.~\ref{corr_func}, both  the correlation
functions ${D_{sc}(|r_i-r_j|)}$  and ${D_m(|r_i-r_j|)}$ falls rapidly,
indicating  the absence of  any long-range  order of  magnetization or
superconductivity.  The rapid fall of the correlation functions within
a few lattice spacings (even for a weak disorder, $W = 1$, not shown),
emphasizes the short range nature  of the underlying order. It is also
noted from  the nature  of these correlation  functions at  $W=2,\, 4$
that   superconductivity   is   more   sensitive  to   disorder   than
ferromagnetism  which persists  where  superconductivity is  destroyed
before disorder suppresses both.

\subsubsection{Local Density of States}
In a  disordered superconductor,  a very useful  quantity that  can be
seen in tunneling  experiments is the local density  of states (LDOS),
which, at zero temperature, is given by
\begin{equation}
\rho(E)=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{n,r_i,\sigma}[|u_{n\sigma}(r_{i})|^2 \delta(E-E_n)+|
v_{n\sigma}(r_{i})|^2 \delta(E+E_n)]
\end{equation}
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=ldos_w.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color online) Variation of local density of states with
  disorder strength ranging from $W = 0$ (homogeneous) to $W = 4$
  (highly disordered) with $H_x = 0.5$ and $\alpha = 0.8$ at $T = 0$.}
\label{ldos}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\noindent With increasing disorder, states  begin to appear in the gap
and   the  nature   of   tunneling  spectrum   changes  rapidly.   The
single-particle  density of  state is  plotted in  Fig.~\ref{ldos} for
different  disorder strengths. In  the homogeneous  limit, there  is a
real gap in the DOS, with the usual pile up of states on both sides of
it. With increasing disorder, a pseudo-gap appears, reminiscent of the
under-doped                                                  high-$T_c$
superconductors~\cite{0034-4885-62-1-002,PhysRevB.71.014514}    or   a
superconductor       in      presence      of       high      magnetic
field~\cite{PhysRevB.78.024502}. The  pile up also smears  out and the
spectrum  is pushed  towards  higher energy.   Therefore, in  scanning
tunneling microscopy, one would be able to observe regions of real gap
with  a  pile up  of  states  in the  DOS,  separated  by gapless  (or
pseudo-gapped) non-superconducting regions. These latter regions would
also show up clearly in a magnetic force microscopy.

\subsubsection{Superfluid Density}
To explicitly understand how disorder affects superconductivity and to
track the superconductor-insulator transition,  one needs to study the
superfluid density that  characterizes superconducting phase rigidity.
We  calculate  the  superfluid  density, defined  from  the  effective
Drude-weight~\cite{PhysRevLett.68.2830,0295-5075-34-9-705}, as
\begin{equation}
\rho_s \equiv \frac{D_s}{\pi e^2}=-<K_x>+\Pi_{xx}(q \rightarrow 0, \omega \rightarrow 0)
\end{equation}
\noindent  The first term  represents the  diamagnetic response  to an
external  magnetic field  ${\bf{B}}=\nabla \times  {\bf{A}}$  with the
local kinetic energy
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
K_x^i=&-t\sum_{n,\sigma}(f(E_n)[u_{n\sigma}^*(r_{i+\hat{x}})u_{n\sigma}(r_{i})+c.c]\\
&+(1-f(E_n))[v_{n\sigma}^*(r_{i+\hat{x}})v_{n\sigma}(r_{i})+c.c])
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\noindent The  second term is  the paramagnetic response given  by the
disorder-averaged transverse current-current correlation function
\begin{equation}
\Pi_{xx}(q \rightarrow 0, \omega \rightarrow 0)=\frac{1}{N}\sum_{ij}\Pi_{xx}^{ij}(\omega=0)
\end{equation}
\noindent with
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\Pi_{xx}^{ij}&(\omega=0)\\
&=\sum_{n_1,n_2}A_{n_1,n_2}^i[A_{n_1,n_2}^{j*}+D_{n_1,n_2}^{j}]\frac{f(E_{n_1})-f(E_{n_2})}{E_{n_1}-E_{n_2}}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&A_{n1,n2}^i=2[u_{n_1}^*(r_{i+\hat{x}})u_{n_2}(r_i)-u_{n_1}^*(r_i)u_{n_2}(r_{i+\hat{x}})]\\
&D_{n1,n2}^i=2[v_{n_1}(r_{i+\hat{x}})v_{n_2}(r_i)^*-v_{n_1}(r_i)v_{n_2}^*(r_{i+\hat{x}})]\\
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=stiffness.eps, width=80mm}\vspace{-1.0em}
\caption{(Color online) Superfluid density  as a function of disorder.
  Insets  show   the  DOS  on   both  sides  of   the  superconducting
  transition.  Parameters used: $T  = 0$,  $H_x =  0.5$ and  $\alpha =
  0.8$.}
\label{stiffness_dos}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Note  that the  translational invariance  is restored  via  a disorder
averaging so  that the correlation  function is only dependent  on the
separation $|r_{i}-r_{j}|$. As  shown in Fig.~\ref{stiffness_dos}, the
superfluid  density $\rho_s$  rapidly  declines with  the strength  of
disorder,  nearly  vanishing  for   $W\simeq  6$  and  signifying  the
proximity  of  a  superconductor  to insulator  transition  driven  by
disorder. Although  quantum phase fluctuations play a  crucial role in
the   superconductor-insulator  transition   in  the   large  disorder
regime~\cite{PhysRevB.65.014501,dubinature2007},  it   is  beyond  the
scope   of   the   current   approach  to   incorporate   such   phase
fluctuations. However,  from the  large suppression of  the superfluid
density  by  disorder,  we  can  clearly observe  the  destruction  of
superconductivity as  disorder strength increases.   The sharp decline
of stiffness with disorder  is understandable in the present situation
where  there  is  large  spatial fluctuation  of  the  superconducting
amplitude.  Since  the   stiffness  measures  rigidity  against  phase
fluctuations, and  in the mean-field  BdG theory the phase  is uniform
throughout,  under a  phase twist  at  the boundary  the system  would
accommodate steep adjustments of the phase change in regions where the
superconducting amplitude  is small.  This destroys  the overall phase
rigidity rapidly over the islands with vanishing gap thereby producing
the observed sensitivity to disorder.

\subsubsection{Finite Temperature Behaviour}
According  to scanning squid  data~\cite{Bert2011}, superconductivity,
albeit   spatially    inhomogeneous,   appears   below    a   critical
temperature.  Also,  no temperature  dependence  of the  ferromagnetic
landscape has  been observed over  the measured temperature  range. On
the  other  hand,  the torque  magnetometry  measurement~\cite{Li2011}
reports  a coexistence of  ferromagnetism and  superconductivity below
120 mK with a superparamagnetic behavior, presumably from the magnetic
domains, persisting beyond  200 mK. We therefore undertake  a study of
the  system  at finite  temperatures  with  moderate  disorder. For  a
homogeneous  system the mean-field  superconducting transition  can be
determined  by the  condition  that the  mean superconducting  pairing
amplitude vanishes.   In an inhomogeneous situation,  such a criterion
is  no longer valid.  In practice,  the superconducting  transition is
determined  by the percolation  of the  superconducting regions  in an
insulating matrix,  whereas an useful indicator for  the transition is
the vanishing of the correlation function.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=temp_profile.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color online) The spatial  distribution of the local pairing
  amplitude  $|\Delta(r_i)|$  (top   row)  and  magnetization  (middle
  row).  In  the  bottom  row,  red  and  blue  represent  regions  of
  superconductivity and magnetism  respectively. The three columns are
  for temperature $T =  0.2$, $T = 0.5$ and $T =  0.7$. The lowest row
  shows  coexistence  in combined  plots  of  magnetization and  local
  pairing amplitude. The parameters used are $H_x = 0.5$ and $\alpha =
  0.8$ at $W = 1$.}
\label{temp_evolution}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\noindent  In  Fig.~\ref{temp_evolution},   we  show  the  temperature
evolution  of the  spatial  distribution of  local pairing  amplitude,
magnetization and  their coexistence  at different temperatures  for a
constant disorder strength ($W = 1$).  The top and middle row show, as
in Fig.~\ref{disorder_maps}, the  development of superconductivity and
magnetism  separately. With increasing  temperature, superconductivity
collapses    rapidly     nearly    vanishing    by     $T    =    0.7$
(Fig.~\ref{temp_evolution}, top  row, from left  to right), signifying
the    onset    of    superconducting   transition.     Concomitantly,
ferromagnetism  develops  (left  to  right,  middle row)  due  to  the
in-plane Zeeman  field as the temperature is  raised.  The coexistence
of superconductivity and ferromagnetism is  shown in the lowest row of
Fig.~\ref{temp_evolution}    as    temperature    rises.     Initially
superconductivity  dominates over  the entire  system  while magnetism
shows  up in  the  non-superconducting regions  as temperature  rises,
eventually setting  up a near-uniform ferromagnetic  state (with small
spatial fluctuations)  at higher temperatures ($T \simeq  0.7$) in the
entire area of the interface.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=temp.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color   online)  Temperature   variations  of   (a)  average
  magnetizations and (b)  correlation functions for different disorder
  strengths.   Beyond   $T   =   0.7$,   superconducting   correlation
  vanishes. The parameters used: $H_x = 0.5$, $\alpha = 0.8$.}
\label{temp_var}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

An  interesting  point to  note  is  that,  the average  magnetization
increases  with  temperature showing  a  peak near  $T  =  0.7$ as  in
Fig.~\ref{temp_var}(a).   This    observation   is   understood   from
Fig.~\ref{temp_var}(b), where  we plot the correlation  functions as a
function  of  temperature.  Beyond  $T  =  0.7$,  the  superconducting
correlation  is  nearly  absent,  ferromagnetism  peaks  (albeit  with
spatial fluctuations due  to disorder) and then drops  further on. The
tail  in  Fig.~\ref{temp_var}(a) is  extended  to higher  temperatures
depending on the Zeeman field  and disorder strength.  This picture is
quite similar to the torque magnetometry results mentioned above where
high  temperature magnetism is  found to  survive beyond  the putative
superconducting transition temperature.

\section{Discussions}
\label{discussions}
Our calculations  provide a simple,  yet effective description  of the
superconductivity,  ferromagnetism and  their coexistence  observed at
the interface  at very low  temperatures.  We take  a phenomenological
model                                                               for
superconductivity~\cite{PhysRevLett.14.305,jourdan2003superconductivity}
in the presence  of local moments along with  Rashba SO interaction at
the  interface,  favoring  $p_x   \pm  ip_y$-wave  pairing  at  finite
momentum. The localized moments  interact with the itinerant electrons
via a  ferromagnetic exchange coupling acting like  an in-plane Zeeman
field. Our  calculations reveal that the non-magnetic  disorder play a
decisive  role  in  the   emergence  of  the  coexisting  phase  where
superconductivity   and    ferromagnetism   are   phase-separated   at
microscopic scale.  In the  homogeneous case, robust ferromagnetism is
absent and  superconductivity pervades the  two-dimensional interface.
Ferromagnetism  in  the  interface  is facilitated  by  the  disorder:
isolated  superconducting and  insulating regions  lead  to coexisting
superconductivity and magnetism.  However at strong disorder, both the
phases are  affected by large  local density fluctuations and  tend to
disappear.   For concreteness,  we  also study  the  behaviour of  the
system  at other fillings  as depicted  in Fig.~\ref{phase},  where we
plot the  mean pairing ampitude  and magnetization in the  $n-T$ plane
($n$ is  occupation number).  As  usual, superconductivity has  a dome
around half-filling  and a robust ferromagnetism  is established after
the superconducting phase is  degraded by disorder. However, the phase
diagram shows  a region of  coexistence of an inhomogenous  mixture of
superconductivity and ferromagnetism.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=phase.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color online) Plots of (a) average pairing amplitude and (b)
  magnetization  in  the  $n-T$  space  for  fixed  disorder  strength
  $W=2$. Parameters used: $H_x = 0.5$, $\alpha = 0.8$.}
\label{phase}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\noindent The general features  of magnetism and superconductivity are
reasonably well understood  in terms of a single  band model, although
one could envisage  a scenario where they occur  in different bands as
well. The essential  physics is disorder-driven and it  is possible to
explain the coexistence of  superconductivity and magnetism within the
framework of  a single band. Disorder-induced  ferromagnetism has also
been   observed   in   bulk   SrTiO$_3$   substrate   supporting   the
assertion~\cite{PhysRevX.2.021014,crandles:053908}  that  there  is  a
definite  connection between  the  presence of  impurity and  observed
ferromagnetism.

Rashba  spin-orbit interaction favors  an odd  pairing superconducting
state and a helical alignment of the electron spins without an overall
net moment.   However, the  presence of in-plane  exchange interaction
and intrinsic disorder are likely  to mitigate its effects and prevent
such a long range helical magnetic order. Therefore, phase segregation
is a  natural and  most likely outcome  as shown. Rashba  coupling, in
fact,  converts the  \textit{s}-wave superconductivity  into  a chiral
\textit{p}-wave  pairing  which  is  very  sensitive  to  non-magnetic
disorder. The presence  of the in-plane field and  the finite momentum
pairing then  lead to spin  precession at different rates  (the effect
being weak, as the Zeeman field is much weaker than spin-orbit scales)
for the  partners of  the pair depending  on the  spin-orbit coupling.
The dephasing coming from  slightly different spin precession rates of
the  pair  and  disorder   scattering  effectively  act  as  a  strong
pair-breaking    mechanism,    with    disorder    affecting    fairly
dramatically. As shown  in Fig.~\ref{rashba_var}, superconductivity is
weakly affected by  the spin-orbit coupling and while  it is degraded,
net  magnetic  moment  increases  concomitantly at  larger  spin-orbit
coupling.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=rashba_del_m.eps, width=80mm}
\caption{(Color   online)  Variations  of   disorder-averaged  pairing
  amplitudes and magnetization with  Rashba coupling strength for $W =
  1$ and $W = 3$ with $H_x = 0.5$ and $T = 0$.}
\label{rashba_var}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The Oxygen vacancies at  the interface also have significant influence
on      the     magnetic      properties     of      the     interface
electrons~\cite{Schlom2011, PhysRevB.85.020407, 2013arXiv1311.1791M}. There is a
quenching of  magnetic moment  when the system  is annealed  in Oxygen
environment~\cite{2013arXiv1305.2226S}.  An  oxygen vacancy presumably
adds  two additional  electrons  which are,  most probably,  partially
localized  near  the  vacancy  due  to  Coulomb  correlation  and  the
reduction in  magnetic moment after  annealing is probably due  to the
reduction of Oxygen vacancies by molecular Oxygen.

Rashba  spin-orbit coupling  in presence  of an  applied perpendicular
Zeeman field leads  to the appearence of spinless  ${p_x + ip_y}$-wave
superconductivity  which   is  a  canonical   example  of  topological
superconductor   hosting   Majorana   bound   states   under   certain
conditions~\cite{PhysRevB.82.134521,PhysRevB.79.094504,PhysRevB.81.125318}.
Since the intrinsic Zeeman field  in the system is along the interface
plane and brings asymmetry in  the Fermi-surface, it is quite unlikely
to find any Majorana state here.  Moreover, the strong disorder is not
conducive          to           any          such          topological
excitations~\cite{PhysRevB.83.184520}.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{conclusion}
In  the   foregoing,  we  presented  a  model   which  elucidates  the
coexistence   of   superconductivity   and   ferromagnetism   at   the
SrTiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$  interface.  The  presence of  gate-tunable Rashba
coupling induces chiral $p_x  \pm ip_y$-wave superconductivity and the
asymmetric  Fermi-surface  due to  the  in-plane  Zeeman field  favors
pairing of electrons at  finite momentum. Spatial inhomogeneity at the
interface plays a key role in microscopic separation of ferromagnetism
and superconductivity  and hence the  observed coexistence of  the two
phases.  With large  disorder, the  electronic system  segregates into
superconducting patches  and in  the insulating regions  local moments
order and  form ferromagnetic puddles.  Our scenario  accounts for the
scanning      squid~\cite{Bert2011,     doi:10.1021/nl301451e}     and
magneto-resistance~\cite{Wang2011}    measurements    which    suggest
electronic phase separation in the Ti $d$-bands at the interface.

Similar phenomena of the formation of 2DEG, exhibiting low-temperature
superconductivity  and  ferromagnetism,  have  also been  reported  in
epitaxially                  grown                 GdTiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$
interface~\cite{2012PhRvX...2b1014M}.  The  present  work  provides  a
unique platform  for studying novel  interfacial superconductivity and
other interesting properties in such heterostructures.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank S.   S.  Mandal, G.  Baskaran and Titus Neupert
for  useful discussions.   NM acknowledges  MHRD, India  for financial
assistance  and  AT acknowledges  CSIR,  India  for financial  support
through a joint project.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


An ancient remedy for skin disorders, this cream contains Comfrey, renowned for its ability to heal the skin; and Rosehip for its cell regeneration properties. Formulated using the by-products of the beehive – Beeswax, Propolis and organic Honey, this formulation results in an outstanding healing cream ideal which can help Eczema and other minor skin disorders. We have a lot of success with this Eczema cream and many customers report back that it has been a big help to them. The reason is that Honey is known for its healing abilities on the skin, and Propolis (a by product of bees which produce it to protect the hive from disease) is renowned as a powerful antibiotic and healer of the human body. It can be used on the face as a daily moisturizer.


text:
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../test_helper'

class BodysizeTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   fixtures :users, :bodysizes, :properties, :periods, :formulas

## This test is disabled until we know which attributes will be required
#  def test_invalid_with_empty_attributes
#    bodysize = Bodysize.new
#    assert !bodysize.valid?, "Bodysize is not valid with empty attributes"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:creator), "creator is required"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:height), "height is required"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:width), "width is required"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:length), "length is required"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:kingdom), "kingdom is required"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:phylum), "phylum is required"
#    assert bodysize.errors.invalid?(:class_classification), "class_classification is required"
#  end

  def test_create_new
    bodysize = Bodysize.create(
      :creator => users(:standarduser),
      :period => periods(:Neogene),
      :kingdom => properties(:Plantae),
      :phylum => properties(:Equisetophyta),
      :environment => properties(:Env_Marine),
      :motility => properties(:Motility_S),
      :feeding => properties(:Feeding_Hc),
      :class_classification => "Happy",
      :width => 3.2,
      :height => 4.6,
      :length => 7.3,
      :mass => 22.11,
      :formula => formulas(:Rectangular_Prism),
      :epoch => "Long ago",
      :stage => "Three",
      :expert_contacted => "Mary Lively",
      :literature_citation => "A book",
      :other_data_source => "The internet",
      :confidence_comment => "Very confident",
      :photo_available => "No",
      :compiler => "Steve Lively",
      :first_description_literature_source => "An old book",
      :confidence_score => 9,
      :lithology => "Limestone",
      :preservation_mode => "Mummy",
      :location => "Egypt",
      :formation_location => "Somewhere",
      :member => "Something",
      :bed => "Yes",
      :local_environment => "Hot",
      :regional_environment => "Humid",
      :notes => "This is a test"
     )
    assert bodysize.valid?
    assert bodysize.id > 0
    assert_equal("Testy McGee", bodysize.creator.name)
    assert_equal("H*W*L", bodysize.formula.formula)
  end

  def test_validations

  end

  def test_retrieve_unapproved_records

  end

  def test_upload_incorrect_filetype

  end

  def test_upload_image

  end

  def test_volume_set_upon_save

  end

end


The Residence Arco Antico is an apartment hotel risen of recent to Siracusa. It is consisted of one and two-roomed apartments fine furnished in the heart of the historical center of Siracusa (Ortigia), it overlook the Course Matteotti always the main street of the town, that links up Piazza Pancali (Temple of Apollo) to Piazza Archimede (Arethusa's Spring). It is an ideal place for those who wants to visit Ortigia, the Syracuse's coast and the eastern Sicily using an alternative accomodation to the Bed and Breakfast and to the Hotels without giving up suitable comforts of the greatest hotels.


text:
Lucy Fox, née le , morte le , est une actrice américaine de l'époque du cinéma muet.

Biographie

Filmographie partielle
 1918 :  de Charles Giblyn
 1918 :  de Richard Stanton
 1919 : The Bishop's Emeralds de John B. O'Brien
 1919 : The Winchester Woman de Wesley Ruggles
 1920 : Something Different de Roy William Neill
 1920 : The Flaming Clue d'Edwin L. Hollywood
 1920 :  de Léonce Perret
 1921 :  de George B. Seitz
 1921 : Le Démon de la haine () de Léonce Perret
 1922 : My Old Kentucky Home de Ray C. Smallwood
 1922 : Sonny de Henry King
 1922 :  de George Terwilliger
 1922 : Speed de George B. Seitz
 1923 : Toilers of the Sea de Roy William Neill
 1924 : The Lone Wolf de Stanner E. V. Taylor
 1924 : Miami d'Alan Crosland
 1924 : Teeth de John G. Blystone
 1925 : The Trail Rider de W. S. Van Dyke
 1925 : The Necessary Evil de George Archainbaud
 1925 : The Arizona Romeo d'Edmund Mortimer
 1926 : Bluebeard's Seven Wives d'Alfred Santell

Galerie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1897
Naissance à New York
Actrice américaine
Décès en mai 1970
Décès à Palm Beach (Floride)
Décès à 72 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We understand that patching can be a difficult time for both child and parent, so we have devised and sourced some things to help. Children of all ages cooperate better with patching when they understand what is happening and why. Simple explanations and consistent messages go a long way to help the treatment be as smooth and successful as possible.
Our rewards, charts, calendars and toys provide an opportunity to explain and discuss patching with your child, so they understand and accept the treatment and look forward to achieving good vision.
Patching can be a difficult time for both child and parent, so we have devised and sourced some things to help.
The charts and calendar aim to give a sense of purpose to the patching process. They help a child to focus on the challenge of each day.
The frog story helps all young children to understand the need for patching in a positive way.
Our fabulous toy glasses are great to help a young child to accept their glasses more readily. Buy them on their own, with a patch, or on one of our special toys and room decorations.
We also have glasses accessories to decorate or keep your glasses comfortable and in place, plus some excellent value sunglasses and hippo case that will protect young eyes properly on sunny days.