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Technical advance
Methods of sample size calculation in descriptive retrospective burden of illness studies
Karissa M. Johnston1, 2Email author,
Pardis Lakzadeh1,
Bonnie M. K. Donato3 and
Shelagh M. Szabo1
BMC Medical Research Methodology201919:9
Accepted: 28 December 2018
Published: 9 January 2019
Observational burden of illness studies are used in pharmacoepidemiology to address a variety of objectives, including contextualizing the current treatment setting, identifying important treatment gaps, and providing estimates to parameterize economic models. Methodologies such as retrospective chart review may be utilized in settings for which existing datasets are not available or do not include sufficient clinical detail. While specifying the number of charts to be extracted and/or determining whether the number that can feasibly extracted will be clinically meaningful is an important study design consideration, there is a lack of rigorous methods available for sample size calculation in this setting. The objective of this study was to develop recommended sample size calculations for use in such studies.
Calculations for identifying the optimal feasible sample size calculations were derived, for studies characterizing treatment patterns and medical costs, based on the ability to comprehensively observe treatments and maximize precision of resulting 95% confidence intervals. For cost outcomes, if the standard deviation is not known, the coefficient of variation cv can be used as an alternative. A case study of a chart review of advanced melanoma (MELODY) was used to characterize plausible values for cv in a real-world example.
Across sample sizes, any treatment given with greater than 1% frequency has a high likelihood of being observed. For a sample of size 200, and a treatment given to 5% of the population, the precision of a 95% confidence interval (CI) is expected to be ±0.03. For cost outcomes, for the median cv value observed in the MELODY study (0.72), a sample size of approximately 200 would be required to generate a 95% CI precise to within ±10% of the mean.
This study presents a formal guidance on sample size calculations for retrospective burden of illness studies. The approach presented here is methodologically rigorous and designed for practical application in real-world retrospective chart review studies.
Pharmacoepidemiology
Observational burden of illness studies are widely used to characterize treatment patterns, resource utilization, costs, and clinical outcomes associated with a disease. In pharmacoepidemiology, burden of illness studies can contextualize the current treatment setting, identify important treatment gaps and their associated consequences, characterize the potential benefits of a new therapy, and provide estimates to parameterize economic models [1–3].
With the increased availability of "big data", methodological considerations for observational research often focus on the use of large databases – while challenges remain in this setting, available sample size and power do not tend to be problematic given the large pool of individuals from which to draw [4]. However, such databases are not able to answer all burden of illness research questions, due to insufficient clinical detail being recorded, the rarity of the condition, or an appropriate database not being available for a jurisdiction of interest. In this setting, chart review remains a powerful methodology for accessing comprehensive data directly from de-identified patient charts – allowing for real-world burden of illness parameters to be assessed, for example, for individuals with a particular range of laboratory measures or a specific genetic biomarker.
An important limitation to chart review is feasibility of achieving a sufficiently large sample at a reasonable cost. Depending on the setting, charts may not be centrally linked, requiring engagement of individual clinicians to obtain chart access; and if detailed medical data are required to meet study objectives, data extraction may involve several hours per chart. Thus, in the context of a retrospective chart review, a critical a priori consideration is the number of charts that are required to meaningfully address research questions, and the feasibility of identifying and extracting this number of charts. Conversely, researchers may know at the outset how many charts are available to be extracted, and must consider the expected value of the information, before deciding whether to perform chart extraction.
While methodological guidance for conducting retrospective chart reviews has been previously described, formal guidance on sample size calculations is not available [5, 6]. Commonly-used sample size calculations are typically based on a hypothesis-testing framework. Since the outcomes of burden of illness studies tend to be descriptive rather than inferential, such calculations are not aligned with burden of illness objectives, and have limited relevance in this setting. For a burden of illness study the aim of sample size calculation is to ensure sufficient precision in descriptive outcomes, e.g. characterized by the width of 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Given the absence of validated methods for a priori sample size estimates in the context of retrospective chart review studies, the aim of this article was to develop and present rigorous approaches for sample size calculation using a real-world case study.
Sample size formulae are presented for parameters that are of frequent interest in the context of a burden of illness study. This includes summarizing treatment patterns (such as the proportion receiving each treatment, and a comprehensive list of therapies used for a condition, including rare therapies), presence of comorbidities, clinical outcomes such as laboratory measures or calculated disease scores, and resource utilization and cost outcomes (including results stratified by subgroup). In practice, multiple outcomes are often of interest and sample size calculations will generate different projections across outcomes; sample size considerations can be focussed on the outcomes of greatest interest, and/or those that generate the largest sample size requirement. The methods described here are generally applicable to categorical (treatment patterns, comorbidity proportion) and continuous outcomes (costs, continuous clinical measures); treatment patterns and costs, respectively, are used as illustrative examples.
Sample size calculations for categorical outcomes (e.g. treatment patterns)
When considering treatment distributions in a population, assuming a binomial distribution (n, p) for receiving a particular treatment, in which the n represents the sample size and p represents the probability of receiving the treatment, the following are direct results of the binomial distribution:
Expected number of observed patients receiving the treatment is:
$$ n\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em p $$
The width of the 95% CI for estimating p is:
$$ \pm 1.96\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em \sqrt{\frac{p\left(1-p\right)}{n}} $$
The probability of not receiving the treatment is (1 − p), and therefore the probability of all n patients not receiving the treatment is (1 − p)n, such that the probability of observing at least one patient receiving the treatment is:
$$ 1-{\left(1-p\right)}^n $$
These formulae can be used to define a sample size that ensures all key treatments will be observed, and that the proportions can be estimated within desired precision. To utilize them to generate sample size requirements, limited a priori data are required;. n can be selected to yield acceptable values for both quantities. Because the required sample size n increases as p moves further from 0.50, p can be defined to be the most extreme proportion that would be of interest (e.g. a rare treatment given to 1% of the population). Alternatively, sample size requirements can be determined for a range of values of p, or, in situations where the maximum sample size is fixed due to other constraints, the corresponding minimum treatment frequency can be calculated.
Sample size calculations for continuous outcomes (e.g. costs)
When considering medical costs, assuming a normal distribution for mean costs μ and standard deviation σ, precision associated with a particular sample size can be characterized by the width W of the 95% CI:
$$ W=1.96\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em \frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}} $$
If an estimate of σ is available, e.g. based on published evidence for another jurisdiction or a similar indication, then the width of the CI can be expressed for the maximum feasible sample size n. Alternatively, Eq. (4) can be rearranged so that the required n can be calculated to obtain 95% CIs for a desired width ± W:
$$ n=\frac{1.96^2\sigma }{{\mathrm{W}}^2} $$
Frequently, estimates of σ aren't available, making sample size calculations challenging – a challenge common across a variety of contexts when estimating sample size. In the absence of such data, one option is to consider the coefficient of variation cv, defined as \( \frac{\sigma }{\mu } \). Based on this, σ can be expressed as cv × μ, and for assumed values of cv and μ, n can be estimated without specific estimates for σ. Replacing σ in Eq. (4), the width of a 95% CI can be expressed as:
$$ \pm 1.96\kern0.5em \times \kern0.5em \frac{c_v\times \mu }{\sqrt{n}} $$
Via this formula, required sample size n can be calculated for a desired with W based on rearranging Eq. (6). If an estimate of μ is available, n can therefore be presented for a desired absolute CI width W Eq. (7). Otherwise, if μ is unknown, the desired width could instead be expressed as a desired percentage of the mean, e.g. it is desired to estimate mean cost with a 95% confidence interval precise to within +/− V% of the mean. This is equivalent to saying that \( \mathrm{V}=\frac{\mathrm{W}}{\upmu} \), which can be incorporated into Eq. (7); doing this allows for calculation of n without knowing μ or σ Eq. (8). If V is set equal to 100%, the width of the CI would be equal to μ so that the lower bound of the CI for costs would be 0. Smaller values of V, are associated with narrower CIs, entirely above 0.
Expressed with respect to absolute width W, the required sample size is:
$$ {\left(\frac{1.96\times {c}_v\times \mu }{V}\right)}^2 $$
Expressed with respect to width V defined as percentage of the mean, the required sample size is:
$$ {\left(\frac{1.96\times {c}_v}{V}\right)}^2 $$
A real-world case study is presented below, to describe the precision achieved for a retrospective chart review of burden of illness including treatment patterns and costs in advanced melanoma (the MELODY study) [7], with a total sample size of 655 patients across the United Kingdom (UK), Italy, and France. Costs were presented both per individual overall, as well as per user of specific utilization categories (e.g. hospitalization costs amongst the subgroup with non-zero hospitalization). The range of cv ratios observed in the MELODY study are presented to provide plausible values for future studies.
A sample size calculator based on the formulas presented is available as supplementary material (see Additional file 1).
Based on Eqs. (1–3), Table 1 presents calculated relationships between sample sizes and the expected number of cases to be observed, the probability of observing a treatment in practice, and expected precision, for a range of treatment probabilities. Across sample sizes, any treatment given with greater than 1% frequency has a high likelihood of being observed. For a sample of size 200, and a treatment given to 5% of the population, the precision of a 95% CI is expected to be ±0.03; i.e. the expected 95% CI would be (0.02–0.08). Generally, with respect to characterizing treatment patterns, sample sizes above 200 are only required for treatments given to 1% of the population or less, or if particularly narrow precision estimates are needed. The information in Table 1 can be used to identify the optimal sample size based on a treatment pattern-related research question, or, in the case of a fixed sample size, to identify the level of detail that can be described.
Expected number of observed cases; probability and expected precision of observing a treatment in practice
Expected number of individuals receiving treatment; (Probability of observing treatment at least once) ± Expected 95% confidence interval width for proportion receiving treatment
n = 50
n = 1000
p = 0.01
1 (0.39); ±0.03
10 (1.00); ±0.01
3 (0.92) ±0.06
10 (1.00) ±0.03
100 (1.00) ±0.02
For cost estimation, based on Eqs. (7) and (8), assuming that an estimate for the standard deviation is not available, an estimate of cv can instead be used. Observed data from the MELODY study are presented in Table 2 to describe a range of cv observed in practice. Trends in observed cv values included higher values typically observed for hospice and hospital costs relative to outpatient costs, and higher when considering the full population of included patients vs. the subset with non-zero use of a particular category of utilization. Across all categories considered, values for cv ranged from 0.26 to 4.30, with a median value of 0.72. In practice, a range of possible values for can be considered, based on any a priori knowledge regarding heterogeneity in the population with respect to health resource utilization and cost outcomes of interest, e.g. the expected range of disease severity, and the anticipated distribution of costs with respect to routine maintenance and care vs. high cost acute treatment such as inpatient stays.
Observed values of coefficient of variation cv from the MELODY study
Costs per person
Costs per user
Required sample sizes based on Eq. (8) are presented in Fig. 1. Figure 1a displays sample size requirement for the full range of values for cv observed in the MELODY study, while Fig. 1b only considers values for cv between 0 and 1. For the median cv value of 0.72 from the MELODY study, a sample size of approximately 200 would be required to generate a 95% CI precise to within ±10% of the mean. For a cv of 4.5, more than 8000 individuals would be required to estimate a 95% CI precise to within ±10% of the mean. Thus, in situations where large variability is anticipated, e.g. a sample ranging from zero costs to long and costly hospitalizations, the required sample size may be prohibitively large for a chart review or prospective study, requiring access to an administrative or other large database.
Sample size required across values for coefficient of variation from (a) 0–4.5 and (b) 0–1.0
When determining optimal sample size, it is important to consider any subgroups of interest, and either target such subgroups directly in sampling strategy or account for expected sample size needs if only the overall population is to be sampled. For example, if descriptive cost analyses are to be conducted for a sample that is estimated to be 20% of the overall population, and a required sample size is identified based on required precision for this subgroup, the full sample will need to be 1/20% = 5x the required sample size identified by the subgroup.
Chart reviews are commonly used to assess clinical outcomes, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource use and costs for more rare health conditions, for very specific indications, or in cases where the required parameters are not captured in large datasets. Despite their ubiquity, methodologic guidance on how to conduct rigorous chart reviews, particularly with respect to selecting appropriate sample sizes, are few. Even the existing methodologic guidance on how to conduct chart reviews provide little direction in this area; suggesting it is beyond the scope of the guidance [6], or assuming a randomized trial-like, hypothesis testing framework [5], rather than methods appropriate for the descriptive objectives that often frame chart reviews. We therefore aimed to fill this gap by providing a framework for estimating appropriate sample sizes for study designs that aim to precisely estimate treatment patterns or resource use parameters, rather than comparing outcomes between groups. These can be especially relevant for situations where the availability of patient charts is limited by time, budget, or the available population size.
We found that for objectives around summarizing categorical and continuous, sample sizes of 100 patients and greater are in most cases sufficient; although larger samples may be required to characterize cost outcomes and/or examine subgroups. For objectives around cost estimation, greater sample sizes are required, particularly if relatively precise estimation is desired, and/or if results specific to particular subgroups are of interest. If 200 to 400 patient charts is the maximum feasible sample size, as is often the case in practice, it can be expected that cost estimate 95% confidence intervals will be precise to within 5–15% of the mean, depending on the ratio of standard deviation to mean costs.
These sample size formulae can be used in two distinct ways. First, if study resources are flexible and desired precision is known, formulae can be used to guide sample size selection. Second, if study resources or available sample size is fixed, formulae can be used to generate anticipated values of precision. We have validated the use of these formulae in a number of other chart review studies [8–10]; and have provided this calculator available online for others to use going forward.
This methodological study addresses an important knowledge gap, as sample sizes are frequently determined using ad-hoc approaches and/or based only on feasibility considerations. Indeed, a non-systematic review of ten recently-published chart reviews focusing on assessing treatment patterns and costs revealed that no studies presented a rationale for their chosen sample size [11–20]. One rule of thumb that has been suggested [6], that is analogous to sample size considerations for regression analyses, is that a minimum of 5–10 charts per variable is required to obtain results that are likely to be both true and clinically useful [21, 22]. However, the number and complexity of outcomes that tend to be considered within a chart review may ultimately limit the utility of this rule in these circumstances, compared to a regression model evaluating the association between a set of independent variables and one dependent variable.
While the methods presented here are broadly applicable to categorical and continuous variables, this does not span the full range of potential outcomes in descriptive burden of illness studies, as resource utilization variables may be analyzed as count data. While a future extension of this work could include formulae based on appropriate distributions (Poisson, negative binomial), the formulas presented for continuous outcomes can be used to generate approximate results based on a normal approximation to the Poisson distribution. For cost data, skewness due to large numbers of zero responses and a few large outlying values may limit the appropriateness of normality assumption; in practice, methods such as two-stage models and/or functional transformations may be undertaken when analyzing data [23]. In sample size estimation, while the assumption of normality for potentially non-normal data is a limitation, using cv values taken from actual cost data will reflect the full scope of variability when such outliers are included and as such are not expected to underestimate required sample size. If doing so yields an infeasibly large sample size, and if statistical techniques are expected to be undertaken at the analysis stage, then this can be incorporated into sample size estimation, e.g. by estimating cv based on a sample with zero-value data points excluded, and/or based on log-transformed data.
The strength of this approach is that it presents a simple, straightforward, validated method for estimating sample size for retrospective studies focusing on multiple descriptive outcomes. In chart reviews, these calculations can be useful during the study design phase, to understand the trade- offs between the expenses in time and money from collecting data from additional charts, versus the additional precision around the estimates that can be obtained. This can be particularly important when considering chart review data as inputs for economic models, where the variability around the estimate can have a major impact. As is the case with estimating sample size a priori for any type of outcome, the applicability of these formulas is limited by the availability of useful preliminary data to use as the basis for the calculations.
A priori estimates of sample size are required when designing chart reviews and other retrospective studies with study objectives that focus on describing treatment patterns, resource use, and costs. However, validated and easily-implemented methods to estimate sample size in this situation are not readily available, or frequently used. The approach presented here is methodologically rigorous and designed for practical application in real-world retrospective chart review studies.
This study presents a formal guidance on sample size calculations for retrospective burden of illness studies. The approach presented here is methodologically rigorous and designed for practical application in real-world retrospective chart review studies and can be used in two distinct ways; where [1] the study resources are flexible and desired precision is known, formulas can be used to guide sample size selection, or [2] if study resources or available sample size is fixed, formulas can be used to generate anticipated values of precision.
CI:
No funding has been received for this study.
Data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).
KMJ wrote the first draft. PL, BMKD, and SMZ contributed significantly with comments and suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. KMJ programmed and constructed the sample size calculator included as Additional file 1. All authors have reviewed and accepted the final draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: Sample size calculator. The authors have provided an Excel sample size calculator as supplementary material (Additional file 1) to help guide editors and reviewers through the approach presented. If the article is published, the authors are interested in expanding the Excel calculator to an interactive website to facilitate use of the methods by other researchers. (XLSX 15 kb)
Broadstreet Health Economics and Outcomes Research, 343 Railway St Vancouver BC, Vancouver, V6A 1A4, Canada
Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT, USA
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Data analysis, statistics and modelling


In the past, Curtis has held the positions of Fire Chief, President, Vice President, and Director. Curtis Ennis was Ellendale's longest serving fire chief, from 1934-1969. In addition, Curtis Ennis Sr. was the President of the Sussex County Fireman's Association -1945-1946, President of the Delaware Volunteer Fireman's Association -1954, President of the Delaware Chapter of the American Association of Firemen - 1956, and President of the Sussex County Fire Chief's Association -1958.


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61 arrested in Ferguson after grand jury…
NewsCrime and Public Safety
61 arrested in Ferguson after grand jury declines to indict police officer in Michael Brown's death
Lesley McSpadden, the mother of Michael Brown, left standing on the top of a car, reacts as she listens to the announcement of the grand jury decision Monday in Ferguson, Mo. A grand jury has decided not to indict Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown, the unarmed, black 18-year-old whose fatal shooting sparked sometimes violent protests.
Protesters listen to the announcement of the grand jury decision Monday in Ferguson, Mo. A grand jury has decided not to indict Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown, the unarmed, black 18-year-old whose fatal shooting sparked sometimes violent protests.
PUBLISHED: November 24, 2014 at 2:16 p.m. | UPDATED: August 28, 2017 at 7:19 a.m.
FERGUSON, Mo. >> A grand jury declined Monday to indict white police officer Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown, the unarmed, black 18-year-old whose fatal shooting sparked weeks of sometimes-violent protests and inflamed deep racial tensions between many African-Americans and police.
Moments after the announcement by St. Louis County's top prosecutor, crowds began pouring into Ferguson streets to protest the decision. Some taunted police, broke windows and vandalized cars. Within a few hours, several buildings were ablaze, and frequent gunfire was heard. Officers used tear gas to try to disperse some of the gatherings. Authorities say that more than 80 people were arrested as chaos enveloped sections of the St. Louis area overnight.
Prosecuting Attorney Bob McCulloch said the jury of nine whites and three blacks met on 25 separate days, hearing more than 70 hours of testimony from about 60 witnesses, including three medical examiners and experts on blood, toxicology and firearms.
"They are the only people that have heard and examined every witness and every piece of evidence," he said, adding that the jurors "poured their hearts and soul into this process."
As McCulloch read his statement, Michael Brown's mother, Lesley McSpadden, was sitting atop a vehicle listening to a broadcast of the announcement. When she heard the decision, she burst into tears and began screaming before being whisked away by supporters.
The crowd with her erupted in anger, converging on the barricade where police in riot gear were standing. They pushed down the barricade and began pelting police with objects, including a bullhorn. Officers stood their ground.
At least nine votes would have been required to indict Wilson. The grand jury met in secret, a standard practice for such proceedings.
Speaking for nearly 45 minutes, a defensive McCulloch repeatedly cited what he said were inconsistencies and erroneous accounts from witnesses. When asked by a reporter whether any of the accounts amount to perjury, he said, "I think they truly believe that's what they saw, but they didn't."
The prosecutor also was critical of the media, saying "the most significant challenge" for his office was a "24-hour news cycle and an insatiable appetite for something — for anything — to talk about."
In his statement, McCulloch never mentioned that Brown was unarmed when he was killed.
Brown's family released a statement saying they were "profoundly disappointed" in the decision but asked that the public "channel your frustration in ways that will make a positive change. We need to work together to fix the system that allowed this to happen."
Authorities released more than 1,000 pages of grand jury documents, including Wilson's testimony.
Wilson told jurors that he initially encountered Brown and a friend walking in a street and, when he told them to move to a sidewalk, Brown responded with an expletive.
Wilson then noticed that Brown had a handful of cigars, "and that's when it clicked for me," he said, referring to a radio report minutes earlier of a robbery at a nearby convenience store.
Wilson said he asked a dispatcher to send additional police, then backed his vehicle up in front of Brown and his friend. As he tried to open the door, Wilson said Brown slammed it back shut.
The officer said he then pushed Brown with the door and Brown hit him in the face. Wilson told grand jurors he was thinking: "What do I do not to get beaten inside my car."
"I drew my gun," Wilson told the grand jury. "I said, "Get back or I'm going to shoot you."
"He immediately grabs my gun and says, "You are too much of a pussy to shoot me," Wilson told grand jurors. He said Brown grabbed the gun with his right hand, twisted it and "digs it into my hip."
Asked why he felt the need to pull his gun, Wilson told grand jurors he was concerned another punch to his face could "knock me out or worse."
Brown then fled, and Wilson gave chase. At some point, Brown turned around to face the officer.
Witness accounts were conflicted about whether Brown walked, stumbled or charged back toward Wilson before he was fatally wounded, McCulloch said. There were also differing accounts of how or whether Brown's hands were raised. His body fell about 153 feet from Wilson's vehicle.
Thousands of people rallied in other U.S. cities, including Los Angeles and New York to protest Monday's decision, leading marches, waving signs and shouting chants of "Hands Up! Don't Shoot," the slogan that has become a rallying cry in protests over police killings across the country.
President Barack Obama appealed for calm and understanding, pleading with both residents and police to show restraint.
"We are a nation built on the rule of law, so we need to accept that this decision was the grand jury's to make," Obama said. He said it was understandable that some Americans would be "deeply disappointed — even angered," but echoed Brown's parents in calling for any protests to be peaceful.
The Justice Department is conducting a separate investigation into possible civil rights violations that could result in federal charges, but investigators would need to satisfy a rigorous standard of proof in order to mount a prosecution.
The department also has launched a broad probe into the Ferguson Police Department, looking for patterns of discrimination.
The Aug. 9 shooting heightened tensions in the predominantly black St. Louis suburb that is patrolled by an overwhelmingly white police force. As Brown's body lay for hours in the center of a residential street, an angry crowd of onlookers gathered. Rioting and looting occurred the following night, and police responded with armored vehicles and tear gas.
Protests continued for weeks — often peacefully, but sometimes turning violent, with demonstrators throwing rocks and Molotov cocktails and police firing smoke canisters, tear gas and rubber bullets. Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon briefly summoned the National Guard.
Throughout the investigation, some black leaders and Brown's parents questioned McCulloch's ability to be impartial. The prosecutor's father, mother, brother, uncle and cousin all worked for the St. Louis Police Department, and his father was killed while responding to a call involving a black suspect in 1964.
McCulloch was 12 at the time, and the killing became a hallmark of his initial campaign for elected prosecutor.
A Democrat, McCulloch has been in office since 1991 and was re-elected to another term earlier this month.
Associated Press writers Alan Scher Zagier in Clayton, Andale Gross and Jim Suhr in Ferguson and Catherine Lucey in Des Moines, Iowa, contributed to this report.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Latest News from Steeda!
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Super soft and cute!! I'm in love with them!!
My son loved the sheets. They are so soft and comfy!
We have bought two of these sheets and loved the quality and comfort on both. Prints look really nice.
Material is soft and the pattern is Christmas Magic. Love them!


text:
Biggest Production Ever
Yesenia and I were greeted warmly upon arrival by a trove of black-clad employees. Two particularly young and cheerful ushers led us to the VIP section of the historic theater in downtown Barcelona.
We didn't get the memo about wearing dark colors. No one seemed to care, except maybe that is why our seats were as far to the side as possible in the last row of reserved seating.
Cables ran across the stage. Musicians tuned their instruments. A stagehand tapped on microphones as the sound guy adjusted dials. Camera persons took positions around the periphery.
Soon, conversations came to an abrupt close, cell phones went dark, and the screen above the stage counted the final seconds before dozens of singers filled the stage, belting out the opening number amidst swirling spotlights and colored fog.
The audience rose to their feet in delight. Some sang along. Some danced. Others simply took it all in. Everyone moved to the music.
Sunday service had begun.
For sure, the worship experience at this Hillsong Church was unlike anything we had ever experienced.
The pastor and worship leaders were animated, to say the least, as they delivered emotional messages of God's love to the hundreds of persons in the theater, and thousands more across Spain.
Hillsong's Barcelona theater service is transmitted live to other worship sites in Madrid, Valencia, and other parts of Spain.
Yesenia and I have enjoyed services that were recorded and even televised before. We were at the dedication service of the Casa de Dios' church that featured Christian singers from around the world, including Kari Jobe from the USA.
Over 11,000 people, including the president of Guatemala, enjoyed that show with us. I once joined 25,000 folks at a Joyce Meyers event and stood among 50,000 at a "Night of Miracles" in Yankee Stadium.
But the Hillsong experience was different. It was crisp. It was professional. It was polished.
I liked it anyway, which kind of surprised me since I usually rale against "productions" versus worship opportunities.
My preference remains in small congregations. We travel to different churches regularly, but our home church in Guatemala boasts only about 50 members.
Our church goes to the opposite extreme when it comes to crispness and polish. But it allows worshipers to get to know each other. It is our extended family.
I find testimonies, events, and even worship more personal and meaningful. When we pray for a member, we really know that person.
While we were in Spain, we participated in some small-group, home-based events. I loved them because a connection between participants was unavoidable.
But I was also captivated by the vibrant theater service as I sat among hundreds of singing and clapping strangers. Which made me think...
Anybody who ever spoke to me about churches probably heard about the Casa de Dios celebration. If you'd like, I can probably quote the message from the Yankee Stadium event.
I remember feeling comfortable sitting in a packed cathedral-style church years ago. My Presbyterian home is a classic "Olde New England" style brick building with a wooden steeple and pews.
Our Guatemalan home is an auditorium with folding chairs. The theater was fun. And there's nothing like an intimate home service.
Gee. Do I even know what I like any more?
When I think of churches I've attended over the years- conservative and liberal, old and new, big and small, formal and informal- I can't say I didn't like a single one.
Maybe it's because the Book that brought me into each of them makes me feel Love.
The Bible is the only common denominator in all my church experiences.
Whether it was shared in monotonous tones by an imperfect reader or blasted in harmony by a professional worship band, the Word is Love.
And I don't care how, where, or by whom we do it, but we have to introduce more folks to this Love Story.
Bells and whistles don't change the Word. The size of the crowd doesn't diminish its impact. No building can contain it. No light show or sound system can top it.
But if more people come to hear it because of those things, who am I to question it?
Yesenia and I are hitting the road in a few weeks to spread that Love Story some more. We'll use toys, gifts, music, tamales, and candy canes to draw our crowd and tell everyone we can how Jesus loves them.
We would appreciate your prayers that our bells and whistles help folks find Jesus!
Thanks for reading this! For more info on what we're doing in Guatemala, check out the rest of our website: www.MCUGuatemala.org!


NTIM delivers WEB based services to facilitate monitoring, management and operation of transnational projects.
Over the last years NTIM has been involved in direct project operation, targeting European mobility activities and implementing ECVET principles in competence development, mapping and documentation. In cooperation with EUROMASC , NTIM continues the Leonardo da Vinci and LLP support activities with the use of ECVET principles in EQF oriented environments at national, sectoral and international levels.
The YOMTOOL, Skillsbank & Skillstube projects are examples of this type of developments.
For further explorations of the activities of NTIM, please check the folders!


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Fran has always wanted to be a farmer. And now it looks as if her childhood dream is about to come true.
My review - What another wonderful book from Katie Fforde.
Like her other books this one is was filled with interesting characters and a story that keeps you hooked from the beginning. This book was so fun and it was full of drama, romance, laughs and cows.
Fran has 1 year to get the farm back to the way it is and, if she sorts it out she will inherit the farm. She use to visit when she was little and her relative is sick and there wasn't really anyone else willing to look after it. Fran is a chef and she loves baking. This farm is a big change for her but, she is willing to take on the challenge. There is just one road block - her neighbour.
He is successful and wealthy and has his eyes on the farm. Fran is weary of him but can't control the way she feels about him. He's good looking and knows all the right things to say.
Can she save this farm? Or will her neighbour give her an offer she can't refuse? Is he hiding something? Or is he doing it just for her?
Such a fun book. I really enjoyed the story and the characters. Fran was so fun and I enjoyed reading about her journey in this book. She has a strong head on her shoulder and has such a good friendship with Issi.
Another fantastic book from Katie Fforde that will just keep you hooked from the beginning and make you feel like you're on your own country escape.


Explore the three important factors of deploying an edge computing solution.
With the growth in connected devices and machines, industrial enterprises are realizing the need for an efficient way to manage large amounts of data, which in turn escalates the importance of edge computing. As industrial technology becomes more complex and devices become more powerful, edge computing is emerging as a valuable solution for harnessing all this computing power for business value. Today, edge devices go beyond basic automation, enabling industrial enterprises to perform an expanding array of advanced computing and analytical tasks.
Many of these tasks have previously only been associated with the cloud. Organizations today are finding they don't have the connectivity required in their operational technology (OT) infrastructure to send massive amounts of data to and from the cloud; nor do they have the luxury of time. Latency issues impede the ability to act on data in real time. Therefore, having this computing power at the edge can be more practical and cost-effective for organizations with Big Data and real-time analytic needs.
Edge computing puts processing power closer to where measuring and decision-making occur in the control loop, and can greatly benefit industrial enterprises. Some emerging edge computing solutions can give users the benefits of the cloud without the limitations and vulnerabilities.
Uninterrupted production and driving overall efficiency will always be priorities for gaining value with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). To more efficiently distribute workloads for mission critical functions and real-time processing, enterprises should look to real-time analytics platforms that process and analyze data right where it is generated, at the edge. Performing this automated decision-making as close as possible to the process itself makes sense for applications such as advanced monitoring and diagnostics, real-time machine performance optimization, and predictive maintenance. Computing at the edge can help industrial enterprises reduce unplanned downtime and ensure uninterrupted productivity, while driving cost efficiencies as a result.
The more enterprises use data from automated systems and IIoT, the more critical data becomes. In fact, the data produced may be an organization's most valuable asset from their IIoT efforts. Leveraging edge computing enables enterprises to find real-time value in critical data, without the latency associated with storing the information in a physical data center or the cloud.
Because of its value, that data must be protected. This requires ensuring reliable infrastructure, predictive servicing, performance applications and secure connectivity. Enterprises will need to protect their hardware while also addressing the need for unified edge infrastructure to evolve their existing capabilities to make the best use of critical data.
With the rise of IIoT, industrial enterprises are blurring the line that separate the enterprise data center and business systems (IT) from production automation systems (OT) and their respective networks. This converged "hybrid OT professional" has a unique combination of skills to bridge the gap separating the IT and OT worlds, thus reducing the burden on IT teams along their organization's IIoT transformation.
The growing adoption of IIoT is creating more demand for processing and data-intensive computing at the edge. By merging IIoT applications and software along with comprehensive predictive modeling capabilities, enterprises can unlock the next generation of edge processing. Edge computing reduces production downtime and related costs, drives value in critical data, and enables OT to lead the IIoT transformation, which minimizes the burden on IT teams. Leveraging the power of edge computing will help enterprises succeed as they take off on their IIoT journey.
Jason Andersen, vice president, business line management, Stratus Technologies. Stratus is a CSIA member, a CFE Media content partner. Edited by Emily Guenther, associate content manager, CFE Media, eguenther@cfemedia.com.


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Bethesda, Md., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, 2008
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The Resource Bethesda, Md., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, 2008
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Context of Bethesda, Md., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse, 2008

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Bachelorette Finale Sneak Peek: Nick Picks a Ring for Kaitlyn, Remembers Andi's Rejection
"Unfortunately, last season, there was a knock on the door, and Andi sent me home," Nick Viall says
By Michele Corriston
On the finale of The Bachelorette, suitor Nick Viall has a serious case of déjà vu – and PEOPLE has the exclusive first look.
"Unfortunately, last season, there was a knock on the door, and Andi sent me home," he says while waiting to pick out an engagement ring for Kaitlyn Bristowe. "I never thought I'd be more happy to see Neil Lane than Kaitlyn!"
While courting Andi Dorfman on TV last spring, Viall came in second place. Dorfman, realizing her feelings for him were "not right," sent him packing before he even met with the celebrity jewelry designer. During the "After the Final Rose" special, Viall confronted Dorfman in what many fans considered a flagrant example of slut-shaming. ("If you weren't in love with me, I'm just not sure why you made love with me.")
But that's all in the past! Now, Viall happily sits down with Lane, who notices he's already wearing a Claddagh ring – an Irish accessory worn as a token of love, loyalty and friendship – matching Bristowe's. (It's also a reminder of the night she also had sex with Viall.)
"Well, I got something else here," Lane tells Viall, gesturing to his black briefcase where the glittering diamonds are kept. "Want to see?"
Yes, please! Tune in to The Bachelorette on Monday at 8 p.m. ET on ABC to see if Viall pops the question – and whether Bristowe gives her heart to him or Shawn Booth.


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Search Ruby
& Mexico
Rest of
Gaurav Patel's guide to dining in Raleigh-Durham
By: Jason Frye
Ask for a dinner recommendation in Raleigh and, guaranteed, one of Gaurav Patel's (otherwise known as, "G") will be on the list. He's no chef, but as the founder and President of Eschelon Experiences, he knows his way around a restaurant. Since founding Eschelon in 2006, G's restaurant empire has been growing, and between Raleigh and Durham, he has six restaurants, with a new bubbly bar opening soon.
G's restaurants include The Oxford, serving upscale British pub fare; Mura, contemporary Japanese; Zinda, new Asian cuisine; Cameron Bar and Grill, American classics done right; Faire, an upscale steak and seafood house; and Durham's Basan, sushi and fine Japanese dining. Haymaker, the forthcoming bubbly lounge, will be his newest project.
But where does G turn when it's time for a bite to eat or a cocktail at the end of a busy day? We caught up with him to find out, and along with a few of his own establishments, he shared some of his favourite local food spots in Raleigh and Durham.
Seared Yellowfin Tuna with shiitake and asparagus at Mura © Eschelon Experiences
Flavours of home
When G was 10, his family emigrated from the farming village of Zervavra in Northern India to the coast of North Carolina. When he's craving a dish that tastes like his childhood, there are two places on his radar: Kadhai The Indian Wok and Zayka Indian Cuisine.
"Kadhai does a phenomenal job of making Punjabi dishes," says G. "They keep the flavour profiles consistent and find the right balance within each dish to accentuate the creamy or spicy or subtle notes in each."
Kadhai's Butter Chicken, Chana Masala, and Palak Paneer are particular favourites.
Tandoori Chicken and other Indian dishes get high-class treatment at Zayka © Zayka Indian Cuisine
"When it's time for a sit-down Indian meal, we always turn to Zayka. The service here is exceptional and the flavours they bring to every dish are spot-on."
For date night, G says he and his wife, Julie, frequent Bella Monica, a restaurant that delivers on homey Italian cuisine.
"Long before we became friendly with the owners, we were impressed with the whole experience of dining there. The level of service is always high, their Italian wines are excellent, and the food is delicious every time."
Among the dishes G recommends is the Portobello and Sundried Tomato Lasagne, a dish he says, "tastes like it's right out of [the chef's] Nana's kitchen."
Cameron Bar and Grill specializes in classic American dishes © Eschelon Experiences
"When I'm in Durham at the end of the day, I usually end up at Bar Virgile. It's cosy in there, it has that I-know-a-secret feel, and I'm always amazed at what comes out of that tiny kitchen. The charcuterie is outstanding and their bourbon list is a fun one."
If it's lunchtime, G heads to Pizzeria Toro where he'll indulge in one of their specialty pizza pies and a glass of wine. This is no pepperoni-and-cheese pizza place; it's a spot where you'll find a spicy lamb meatball, venison sausage, locally grown squash and mushrooms, and imported Italian cheese on a pie. "It's a pizza, but it's unexpected and executed perfectly," says G.
In Durham, Basan's chic dining room is open and looks into the kitchen © Eschelon Experiences
"A few restaurants come to mind when I think inspiration, but one of them really resonates, and that's Herons, the restaurant at The Umstead Hotel."
The menu at Herons is decidedly decadent, but the flavours on the plate – truffle, foie gras, exotic oysters, choice seafood; and local, seasonal ingredients like persimmon and chestnut – are one thing, the experience of dining there is the other.
"From the moment you arrive, the experience is seamless. It's so smooth, almost like a magic carpet ride," G says. "Every time, I'm amazed."
At Herons, each dish is plated beautifully and executed perfectly © Anna Roth and The Umstead Hotel and Spa
Craving Asian
If he's craving Asian close to home, G turns to David's Dumpling and Noodle Bar, a pan-Asian restaurant that's something of a local secret. "People know it outside of Raleigh, but not many. And no one knows my secret: David's Original Half-Fried Dumplings. I'll get three orders of these, get an extra order of Chef Mao's Chinese-Chili Sauce on the side, and eat every bite."
"Lantern, Andrea Reusing's place in Chapel Hill, is another favourite of ours. She won a James Beard Award in 2011 and the food has always been spectacular. Every plate that comes out is perfect."
Dining outdoors at Lantern in Chapel Hill © Lantern
Carnivore's dilemma
North Carolina is barbecue country, but G confesses that "˜cue out isn't his thing. "On the occasion I'm craving a barbecue sandwich, I'll usually ask our chef at The Oxford or Cameron to whip one up for me," he says.
"Growing up in India, on the occasions when we ate meat, it was chicken or goat, but working in the restaurant industry, I knew I'd eat beef one day. It took me a while, but I finally did. Now, when I eat beef – which is not often – I'll have a steak at Faire or a burger from Cameron [Bar and Grill]."
Steaks at Faire are exceptional © Eschelon Experiences
G says that at Faire, the Filet Mignon ("I get mine with a double order of pepper sauce," he says) is more than enough to satisfy a steak craving for a long while. Unless he's after a burger, in which case, he looks to Cameron Bar and Grill, where burgers and other American classics dominate the menu. "What makes our burger so good there? That's a secret I can't tell, but just know that the beef we use, it's the best of the best in the area and it shows on the plate."
"Pam's Farmhouse, hands down. Especially on weekends."
Yes, G's go-to breakfast is simple, traditional, and Southern through-and-through. Grits and hotcakes, mason jar drinking glasses on the tables, and, of course, biscuits.
"I love the energy there. It's always busy, and it's the kind of place where you'll see a cross-section of Raleigh: college kids and businessmen and families, all ages, all races, all brought here for a meal."
The Charleston Burger from Cameron Bar and Grill © Eschelon Experiences
Virgin Atlantic operates daily flights to the Raleigh-Durham International Airport. Book your flight to North Carolina today and explore some of these delicious foodie destinations.
Have you visited any of Gaurav Patel's favourite dining spots in North Carolina? Which is your go-to when you're in town? Let us know in the comments section below.
Written by Jason Frye
Jason Frye
Driven by his need to know what's around the next turn, Jason Frye became a travel and food writer. He is the author of two travel guides - Moon North Carolina Handbook (2014) and Moon North Carolina Coast Handbook (2014) - and is a food blogger, columnist, and frequent contributor to publications across the Southeastern United States. He lives in Wilmington, North Carolina, with his wife, Lauren.
More articles by Jason Frye
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> A surge of organizing boxes. Satisfying, but not really fun.
> Thought about podcasting my column. Intriguing, but I haven't done anything with that yet.
Mostly, my Life's been boring.
Sure, I've spent a bit of time visiting with Mr. TV and playing games on the computer, which are enjoyable diversions, but hardly noteworthy. About the best I could scrape up was pointing out that I'm now on the Exhibitor's List for Stumptown Comics Fest. That's pretty cool, but it's not like I did anything FUN.
San Diego Comic-Con!! I guess I'm saving up my Fun Allotment for that week, because I expect it to be a Non-Stop Thrill Ride of Fun, and More Fun, and then Fun with Magical Explosions and Unicorns! I'll probably have such a Fun Surplus, I won't be able to have Fun again until Columbus Day.
So my life isn't totally bland and empty. Plus, I talked to The Librarian at lunch. That was fun!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Time to Cut the Cord on Cable Regulation?
By Cablefax Staff | June 28, 2011
by Morag Lucey, senior vice president/Marketing and Product Management, Convergys' Smart Revenue Solutions
Back in 1992, Congress might have been excused for believing that the cable television industry needed regulatory oversight. With just one major cable operator per locality, an early 1990s surge in rates, and a dearth of comparable alternatives, the cable sector seemed to many lawmakers to be far from competitive and consumer-friendly. Ergo, Congress stepped in and passed the 1992 Cable Act "to promote increased competition in the industry."
That was then, this is now. Nineteen years later everything about cable has evolved dramatically except the law, which trails along behind the industry like some antediluvian vestigial appendage.
We at Convergys see great things happening now and in the future for the cable industry — growth and innovation that were unimaginable back in 1992. Who knew then that today we would have wireless streaming? Mobile apps? The widespread expectation of tailored and on-demand content offerings? Or significant competition from OTT providers? And who can predict what incredible ideas will drive the multichannel streaming video market of tomorrow?
What was, two decades ago, a one-way flow of programming has become much more — a swirling atmosphere of content, heady with delivery innovations and immersive possibilities streaming via set-top boxes, Internet TV, tablets and smart phones, and shared via social networks that seem to multiply by the hour. Looking around at this proliferation of content and provision options, it is hard to see anything but an intensely competitive market (even the FCC now concedes the many emerging "threats " to cable) — but one, I'd argue, that owes that 1992 Act very little.
Is it time to jettison the Act and its rules? Industry leaders believe so, and for good reason. Because rules are always written based on what policymakers see in the market of their time, it tends to become dated almost as quickly as it made. Policymakers aren't expected to have the vision of their corporate counterparts such as a Steve Jobs or a Martin Cooper. World-changing ideas come from those who see a need and open their minds to the possibilities of how to meet it. Maybe copper can carry data; maybe telephones could be wireless; maybe TV could become device-agnostic, and truly be everywhere. Innovation springs from business itself, not from rulemakers, and can neither be predicted nor regulated into being.
As the NCTA argued to the FCC in early June, rules like those stemming from the 1992 relic bear no relation to the reality of today's cable market. That's because technology moved faster — and in directions that Congress and the FCC never saw coming.
What are your thoughts — is it time to "cut the cord" on cable regulation?


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Gulf oil spill: Critics say shake-up of Minerals Management Service not enough
Updated May 24, 2010 ; Posted May 24, 2010
By Sean Reilly
View full size(AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)President Barack Obama, left, walks with Sec. of Interior Ken Salazar, right, after delivering remarks in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, Friday, May 14, 2010. Salazer has proposed breaking up the Minerals Management Service, which oversees oil leases, but not everyone is convinced the break-up will work.
WASHINGTON -- If nothing else,
the massive oil spill
in the Gulf of Mexico has become that rare event that triggers the breakup of an entire federal agency.
continuing coverage of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill of 2010
GulfLive.com
To keep track of the Gulf of Mexico oil slick, visit
www.skytruth.org
or follow its
To see updated projection maps related to the oil spill in the Gulf, visit the Deepwater Horizon Response Web site established by government officials.
How to help:
Volunteers eager to help cope with the spill and lessen its impact on the Gulf Coast environment and economy.
will appear daily in the Press-Register until there is no longer a need for volunteers in response to the oil spill disaster. If you have suggestions for a story, or if you belong to an organization in need of such help, please call Press-Register Editor Mike Marshall at 251-219-5674 or email him at
mmarshall@press-register.com
Last week, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar proposed disbanding the U.S. Minerals Management Service, the branch of his department responsible for overseeing offshore drilling.
In its place, Salazar would disperse the service's 1,700 employees among three separate offices, one of which would be charged with enforcing environmental and safety rules that the agency stands accused of neglecting.
But skeptics question whether the proposed shakeup will make much difference in what President Barack Obama called the "cozy relationship" between federal regulators and the oil companies.
"It's obvious that rearranging the name tags on the doors at the Interior Department is not going to prevent a repeat of this accident," said Richard Charter, a senior policy adviser at Defenders of Wildlife. What's needed, he said, "is an environmental watchdog agency that is completely outside or independent from MMS."
In a federal lawsuit filed May 17 in Mobile, the Washington, D.C.-based environmental group accused MMS of continuing to allow the oil industry to shortcut environmental reviews, even after the April 20 drilling rig explosion that caused the spill.
A separate lawsuit by two other environmental organizations charged the minerals service with surreptitiously letting the industry skirt requirements to plan for drilling blowouts and worst-case oil spills.
Asked about the first suit last week, Salazar said his department is reviewing all its environmental policies. An MMS spokeswoman later declined comment on the second.
Besides the environmental and safety bureau, Salazar's proposed reorganization would create two other offices: one in charge of collecting royalties from offshore drilling, the other responsible for leasing activities in federal waters.
One reason for the proposed breakup is a perceived conflict of interest: MMS' responsibility for taking in billions of dollars in royalty revenue for the federal treasury while also overseeing the same industry that produces that revenue.
The new environmental and safety office "will be the police of offshore oil and gas operations," Salazar predicted.
Others questioned whether the agency's employees can shake a long-standing culture that seemingly puts production first.
MMS was created in 1982 by then-Interior Secretary James Watt, a Reagan administration appointee, who was an ardent advocate for increased energy exploration. Since then, it has repeatedly come under fire for allegedly doing the oil and gas industry's bidding.
Two years ago, for example, federal investigators described the agency as tainted by a culture of "ethical failure." Among other lapses, for example, employees in MMS' Denver office had sex and did drugs with oil company officials, the investigators reported.
As evidence of the "cozy relationship" targeted by Obama, environmentalists also point to Randall Luthi, who served as MMS' director from 2007 to early 2009. He now heads a trade group that represents offshore drilling interests.
On Thursday, the agency's Alaska regional director, John Goll, apologized in an e-mail to all MMS employees for a cake at a recent event reportedly decorated with the words, "Drill, Baby, Drill."
"This was simply wrong to have," Goll wrote. "I failed in preventing this from happening in my office."


When there is enough snow in the mountains, we start snowshoeing on Friday mornings. Meet at 9 am. Everyone is welcome. A trail is selected for each week's outing and notification by email is sent out mid-week. If you are new to snowshoeing or want to be sure you are on the distribution list for weekly emails, check the Oasis for contact information.
This is for folks who would like a bit less challenging terrain. Also meeting on Friday mornings at 9 am, everyone is welcome.
New to snowshoeing? If you can walk, you can snowshoe! Come give us a try!
Skiing on a regular basis begins in January. This group will ski on Thursdays rotating among different ski areas. The group meets at various locations at 8:45 am. Check the Oasis for the exact location for the month.
The Marathon Bridge season begins in September and ends in May. We use party bridge rotation and scoring - it is not duplicate. You need to know how to play Bridge: you will not be happy if you are a complete beginner. Men are encouraged to join! We begin on the second THURSDAY of each month starting at 10:00 am.
For Singles and Couples - this group is for members who play bridge "just for the Fun of it" - all levels of players are welcome! We meet the third WEDNESDAY of each month in members' homes. Participants bring appetizers; drinks and dessert are provided by the hosting member. Eating/socializing begin at 6:00 pm with bridge beginning at 6:30.
"Buddy Bridge" begins in September and runs through April. Partial proceeds from the $10 registration fee are donated to charity with the rest going to end-of-year prize money. Daytime and "couples" evening bridge are played.
Bunco is a game that requires little skill. Fun is the Goal! Bunco is a dice game that is played in rounds. Yet, it is so much more than just a dice game! It is an excuse to get together with friends and have some lively conversation and fun. This fast-paced dice game gets everyone involved at the same time, and it is a great excuse to forget the stresses of everyday life.
This group usually meets at 12:30 PM on the second FRIDAY of the month in a member's home. The hostess provides appetizers and dessert.
This group meets the fourth MONDAY at 11:30 AM. A hosting member will provide a light lunch after which the game and good times begin.
Everyone is invited to play the second SATURDAY of each month at 6:00 PM. We play with 4-5-6 at a table, depending on how many sign up. Each person is asked to bring an appetizer to share, and we take turns hosting.
Pinochle begins at Noon when the hostess will serve a light dessert. The group plays the fourth THURSDAY of each month and is open to all Newcomers.
This group meets on WEDNESDAYS at 11:30 am for lunch and then plays until around 3:00 pm. This is a mind-provoking game which originated in China. New members to the club and beginners are welcome.
Hikes are easy to moderate and about two hours in length. A trail is selected for each week's hike and notification is sent via email mid-week.
This group hikes on FRIDAYS, weather permitting. All are welcome!
This group plays on THURSDAY at 9:00 AM from April through October. We alternate between Glendale, Forest Dale and Rose Park golf courses. We have a wide range of handicaps for men and women.
Anyone interested in games, giggles and fun is welcome to attend Gaming Unplugged! Games will vary each month with board games, card games, trivia games and much, much more. We play May through October on the second THURSDAY of the month at 7:00 PM.


Vice President Xi Jinping will visit the Kimberley family farm in Maxwell on Thursday morning.
Music video by McClain Sisters performing Go. (C) 2012 Hollywood Records, Inc.
Come see the care and love that goes into every animal you eat.
2015 Iowa Farming- Murray Farms Inc.
Drone Footage of Iowa Farming 2015.
More Films of Joel at http://www.farmtoconsumer.org/2010-FundRAISER-Benefactor-Event-Videos-raymond.htm Want to attend a FundRAISER at Polyface?
Just Dance Disney - Calling All The Monsters (Wii Rip) A.N.T Farm.


text:
Virus Resurgence Forces Countries to Reimpose Restrictions
Associated Press Published: July 15, 2020
PROMACHONAS, Greece (AP) — Countries around the world are reimposing lockdowns and implementing new health restrictions at their borders in an effort to curb a resurgence of the coronavirus before it spins even further out of control.
In Greece, stricter health checks went into effect at the border with Bulgaria. All incoming travelers crossing the border point starting Wednesday are required to carry negative coronavirus test results issued in the previous 72 hours and translated into English.
New restrictions on social mingling were also imposed in the U.K., Spain and Hong Kong. The developments come with more than 13 million cases of coronavirus cases confirmed worldwide, and with over 578,000 deaths,
All contents © copyright 2020 Associated Press. All rights reserved
KEEP READING: These are the top 6 scams connected to the pandemic
Filed Under: Coronavirus (COVID-19)


If you, or someone you know, would like more information about these research studies, or would like to participate, you may apply on-line by clicking on one of the study areas listed below. Any further participation, of course, is fully voluntary.
If we determine that a clinical trial might be appropriate for you, we will provide information on how to schedule an intake appointment.
Many people try to cut down or quit drinking and have failed. If you cannot reduce or control the number of drinks you have in a week, it may be a drinking problem.
Individuals with a binge eating disorder may be embarrassed about overeating and want to stop, but the compulsion to binge can be so strong, it's hard to resist.
Summit Research Network participates in research for birth control. Contraceptive research is necessary to develop methods that may help individuals and their partners balance reproductive goals.
Symptoms of back pain include aching or stiffness, localized stabbing pain or chronic aching after sitting or standing.
Over 23 million Americans have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition. Diabetes occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugars.
All-over pain, body aches, fatigue, tenderness, trouble sleeping and mental fogginess are all symptoms of fibromyalgia.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a leading cause of serious health issues. High blood pressure affects one in four Americans. Many people don't know they have it.
Insomnia is a disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep. With insomnia, the lack of sleep takes a toll on your ability to function during the day.
Millions of Americans are significantly overweight. The good news is that even a small amount of weight loss will improve your overall health.
People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and with no warning. This includes rapid, irregular heartbeats and feelings of having a heart attack.
Smoking is a major cause of heart disease, bronchitis, emphysema and strokes. Nearly 1 in every 5 deaths is related to smoking. It is a difficult addiction to break.
Social anxiety disorder involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. The worry can include a fear of being judged by others, or feeling embarrassed in social settings.


Desperate to overcome Japan's growing shortage of labor, mid-sized companies are planning to buy robots and other equipment to automate a wide range of tasks, including manufacturing, earthmoving and hotel room service.
b. Less human workers mean less tax revenue. Should robots be taxed?
3. The Hen na Hotel, or the "Odd Hotel," near Tokyo Disneyland, bills itself as a robot hotel because it uses 140 different robots and artificial intelligence to serve guests in its 100-room hotel and can operate with as few as two to three people, according to the manager Yukio Nagai. Would you like to try this hotel?


text:
Q: How to disable curve closing in OneNote + Bambo Pen? I am trying to draw y-like shapes but somtimes it turns them automatically to 9-like shapes,

I emphasize that I never drew horizontal caps like in shapes #6 and #7
How to disable this "feature"?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The eData Guide to GDPR: New York's SHIELD Act Defines Records Management as a Reasonable Safeguard
New York's SHIELD Act Defines Records Management as a Reasonable Safeguard
The eData Guide to GDPR
New data retention limitations and disposal requirements on some types of businesses in New York will go into effect on March 21, 2020, under the Stop Hacks and Improve Electronic Data Security (SHIELD Act) that was signed into law last year. Businesses that store or process private information of New York state residents should ensure that they are prepared to comply with this portion of the SHIELD Act before that date.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed the SHIELD Act into law in July 2019. The act immediately expanded New York's breach notification and remedy requirements and increased possible penalties for noncompliance. (This prior LawFlash provides an overview of the data breach requirements in the SHIELD Act: First of New York SHIELD Act's Data Breach Notification Requirements Take Effect Soon.)
SHIELD Act Data Security Safeguard Requirements
The SHIELD Act requires that any company that "owns or licenses computerized data which includes private information[1] of a resident of New York" must develop, implement, and maintain "reasonable safeguards" to protect the security of that information, including the "disposal of data."
A mid-size or large business[2] will be considered compliant with the above if the company:
is regulated by, and compliant with, data protection requirements imposed by other federal and state laws (including the federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, HIPAA, and New York Department of Financial Services data protection regulations for financial services companies)[3]; OR
implements a data security program that includes "reasonable" administrative[4], technical[5] and physical safeguards.
'Reasonable' Physical Security Safeguards Under SHIELD Act Include New Document Retention and Disposal Requirements
The physical safeguards required by the SHIELD Act include document management requirements similar to those found in Europe's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Those safeguards include:
assessing risk of information storage and disposal;
detecting, preventing, and responding to intrusions;
protecting against unauthorized access to or use of private information after the collection, transportation, or disposal of information; and
disposing of private information within a "reasonable amount of time" after it is no longer needed for businesses purposes by "erasing electronic media so that the information cannot be read or reconstructed."
There is no definition under the SHIELD Act regarding what will be considered a "reasonable amount of time" to hold data after it is no longer needed. However, one can assume that, at a minimum, businesses that are subject to this section of the SHIELD Act should have updated document retention schedules and policies in place, and should be able to demonstrate that they are actively followed.
What the SHIELD Act Means for Businesses that Process Personal Data of New York Residents
Any business that processes or retains privacy data of New York residents should ensure that it has a current and effective document retention policy and schedule. This will be especially important for any company that holds human resources (HR) or customer records, as that business will almost certainly store private data that falls under the SHIELD Act.
The company should make certain that the document retention policy includes parameters to protect private data during the entire time it is within the control of the company, including during all phases of collection, storage, and disposal. The company should also confirm that record retention schedules are up-to-date, and that privacy data is only stored for as long as needed (and then effectively destroyed so that it can no longer be read or reconstructed). The act provides the attorney general of New York with the power to enforce the regulations therein. In order to avoid such scrutiny, affected companies are encouraged to look at their current record retention practices, upgrade them where needed, and ensure that their requirements are being observed.
If you have any questions or would like more information on the issues discussed in this installment of The eData Guide to GDPR, please contact any of the following Morgan Lewis lawyers:
Tess Blair
[1] "Private Information" under the SHIELD Act includes the following types of information (in combination with a personal identifier):
Social Security number;
Driver's license number;
Account number, credit, or debit card number (in combination with information that would permit access to an individual's financial account);
Biometric information; and
User names or email addresses (in combination with a password or security question and answer that would permit access).
[2] The SHIELD Act defines a "small business" as a person or businesses with fewer than 50 employees, less than $3 million in gross annual revenue or less than $5 million in year-end total assets. Companies that fit within the definition of "small business" will be considered compliant if their security program contains "reasonable administrative, technical and physical safeguards that are appropriate for the size and complexity of the small business, the nature and scope of the small business's activities, and the sensitivity of the personal information the small business collects from or about consumers." SHIELD Act § 899-BB (2) (C)
[3] See SHIELD Act § 899-BB (1) (A) for full list of qualified data protection regulations.
[4] Reasonable administrative safeguards under this section of the SHIELD Act include: designating employees to coordinate security program, identifying foreseeable risks, training employees in security program practices, selecting appropriate service providers, and adjusting the security program as businesses change. New York State Senate Bill S557B, § 899-BB (2) (B) (II) (A)
[5] Reasonable technical safeguards under the is section of the SHIELD Act include: assessing risk in network and software design and information processing and storage, detecting and preventing attacks and system failures, and regularly testing and monitoring systems and procedures. New York State Senate Bill S557B, § 899-BB (2) (B) (II) (A)
eData


text:
module.exports = Cmds.addCommand({
    cmds: [";psa"],

    requires: {
        guild: false,
        loud: false
    },

    desc: "PSA when restarting the bot for an update",

    args: "",

    example: "",

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    func: (cmd, args, msgObj, speaker, channel, guild) => {
        Util.sendDescEmbed(channel, null, "Restarting the bot for an update, it will be down for a few seconds", null, null, null);
    }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On Sept 3rd Brother 5 Over hosted a meet and greet for Brother Jun at his home. Then on Sept 4th some Brothers of 357 Brotherhood had the pleasure on taking Brother Jun Philippines Widows Sons State President on a nice ride to Poopys. It was a beautiful day to share with Brothers.
After our Family Picnic some of us went on over to LAMA HQ's Mid Summer Party. It was great way to close out the day. We drank, laughed, & danced the night away with the Brothers & Sisters of LAMA. To top it off we were awarded 2nd Largest Support Group!!! That was the cherry on top!
2018 Illinois Widows Sons State Rally is in the books. We had a great time in Galesburg,IL. A wonderful weekend was spent with Brothers and Sisters celebrating our great organization & State. Making Great Memories each and everyday.
Saturday night after our burger run some of us made our way over to L.A.M.A. Cicero's 14YR Anniversary Party & shared in their celebration. We topped off our day hanging without some real good people.#makememoriesnonstop.


text:
California Is Next Up To Take On Hair Discrimination With The "Crown Act"
Source: Jacqueline Veissid / Getty
Via Madamenoire:
California lawmakers are in the beginning process of ending discrimination against persons who wear their hair in traditional natural styles, such as afros, braids and dreadlocks.
A new bill titled the "Crown-Act" or SB188, would make it illegal for employers to participate or enforce workplace policies which determine how Black employees and employees of color, choose to wear their hair, according to KABC-TV.
Text "RICKEY"to 71007 to join the Rickey Smiley Morning Show mobile club for exclusive news. (Terms and conditions).
The bill is supported by California Sen. Holly Mitchell who sports sisterlocks, a natural style derived from dreadlocks but separated in smaller portions. Mitchell represents the 30th Senate District, which includes Culver City, Ladera Heights, Westmont, Crenshaw, Downtown, and Florence, well-known Black neighborhoods in Los Angeles. Mitchell has served in her role for almost six years.
"There are any number of court cases that we'll talk about in judiciary committee that will suggest it is a problem for employees across this country and across the state," Mitchell said.
The bill follows a recent surge in lawmakers taking a vested interest in hair discrimination, as the laws disproportionately affect Black people. In February, New York City introduced guidelines which would give legal discourse to those who have been either harassed, punished, or terminated from their positions by wearing natural hair styles.
SEE ALSO: Sony Pictures To Release Animated Film That Celebrates Black Hair
As we know in recent national cases surrounding the issue, Black employees and military service members have been discriminated against the way they chose to wear their hair, which in many times is the way it grows out of their head.
Workplace practices have long-held up unrealistic terms of respectability based on European beauty standards. And unfortunately the shame and practice of hair stigmas stems even earlier than the workplace, and is not opposed to gender.
In January a New Jersey teen was forced to cut his dreadlocks before he was allowed to participate at a wrestling event. Video of the incident went viral and sparked discussions regarding hair discrimination and European beauty standards.
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California Is Next Up To Take On Hair Discrimination With The "Crown Act" was originally published on rickeysmileymorningshow.com