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Home > Journals > Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine > Volume 39 > Issue 2
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
VOL. 39 · NO. 2 | June 2008
Case Reports (4)
Brief Communications (9)
Abstracts From Selected Reports (1)
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Detection of Spotted Fever and Typhus Group Rickettsial Infection in Wild Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Chonbuk Province, Korea
Gerry Amor Camer, Chae Woong Lim
39(2), 145-147, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/06-0010.1
KEYWORDS: antibody, immunofluorescence, Rickettsia, spotted fever, typhus, wild raccoon dog
Both the spotted fever and the typhus group rickettsioses are potential emerging arthropod-borne infectious disease complexes in Korea. Wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) sheltered at the Korean Society for the Protection of Wild Animals, Chonbuk Branch, Korea, were sampled for the presence of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsial pathogens. Thirty-six serum samples of wild raccoon dogs were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using type-specific YH strain Rickettsia japonica (spotted fever group rickettsia) and Wilmington strain Rickettsia typhi (typhus group rickettsia). The prevalence of sera that were seropositive was 30.5% (11/36) for the spotted fever group and 41.6% (15/36) for the typhus group. Five samples were seropositive for both antigens. This study is first to demonstrate rickettsial antibodies in wild raccoon dogs, and it provides seroepidemiologic evidence of the endemic presence of rickettsial agents in Korea.
A Visual Health Assessment of Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) Housed in India
Anand Ramanathan, Avanti Mallapur
39(2), 148-154, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0008R1.1
KEYWORDS: Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, animal welfare, animal health, captive, India
A visual health assessment and survey questionnaire was conducted on 81 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) housed in 10 animal facilities throughout India between November 2004 and February 2005. The survey questionnaire consisted of 10 questions that evaluated the health of the elephants, and they were completed after visually assessing each individual elephant. The information collected was ranked on a scale that was used to statistically compare the health among the study subjects. This study documented that 43.21% of the captive elephants surveyed exhibited hyperkeratosis. A significant proportion of the elephants owned by tourist camps had poor skin condition when compared with elephants from zoos and at a forest camp. Similarly, captive-born individuals were found to have better skin condition than animals that were caught from the wild. Sixty (74.1%) of the captive elephants that were observed during this study had fissures in their footpads, 20% of which were severe. The prevalence of foot fissures was significantly higher in females. A greater proportion of elephants owned by tourist camps displayed vertical and horizontal toenail cracks in comparison with the forest camp and zoo elephants. It was noted that 76.9% of the wounded animals and 80% of those having abscesses were housed at temples and tourist camps. Also, approximately 8.5% of the captive elephant population observed during this study had eye-related problems, and they were all housed at temples and tourist camps. In conclusion, it was evident that elephants housed at temples or tourist camps exhibited poor skin condition with wounds and abscesses. These findings suggest that the overall condition of the elephants housed at tourist camps was poor compared with elephants housed at zoos and at the forest camp.
Treatment Factors Influencing the Use of Recombinant Platelet-derived Growth Factor (Regranex®) for Head and Lateral Line Erosion Syndrome in Ocean Surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus)
Gregory J. Fleming, Allison Corwin, A. Jeanene McCoy, M. Andrew Stamper
39(2), 155-160, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0045R.1
KEYWORDS: Acanthurus bahianus, belcaplermin, head and lateral line erosion syndrome (HLLES), ocean surgeonfish, Regranex®
The clinical efficacy of becaplermin (Regranex®, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc., Raritan, New Jersey 08869) on head and lateral line erosion syndrome (HLLES) in ocean surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus) was examined in a two-part study to determine suitable application frequencies of the drug and the effects of the environment on outcome of treatments. In the first part of the study, 12 ocean surgeonfish with prior HLLES were equally divided into three treatment groups, varying in application frequency of becaplermin: 1) one application, 2) three applications every 3 wk, and 3) no applications. After 9 wk, it was determined through photograph and computer analysis that fish treated with becaplermin did heal significantly more than the fish that were not treated. No significant difference was found when comparing the two treatment regimes; therefore, a one-time treatment of becaplermin was just as effective as the three-time application, reducing cost of the treatment, staff labor, and stress to the animals. In the second part of the study, the effect of the water environment on HLLES development was documented before and after a one-time treatment of becaplermin. When fish were treated and placed into a system known to cause HLLES, the becaplermin treatment had no effect on reducing the HLLES progression, whereas treated fish that were placed into a system that did not cause HLLES showed a significant decrease in erosion after the treatment. Therefore, treating fish being placed into a HLLES-causing system serves no beneficial purpose to healing HLLES.
Yolk Coelomitis in Fiji Island Banded Iguanas (Brachylophus fasciatus)
Brian A. Stacy, Lauren Howard, John Kinkaid, Justin D. Vidal, Rebecca Papendick
KEYWORDS: atresia, Fiji Island, follicle, Iguana, reproduction, proliferative, yolk coelomitis
Yolk coelomitis is a major cause of death in captive sexually mature female Fiji Island banded iguanas (Brachylophus fasciatus) maintained by the Zoological Society of San Diego. The medical records, breeding histories, and pathology archival materials from this group were reviewed to study this health problem. From 1987 through 2004, deaths of nine of 21 adult females were due to yolk coelomitis. Most iguanas had a history of reproduction-related problems, which included reproductive failure, episodes of lethargy associated with ovarian activity, folliculostasis, ovostasis, and behavioral abnormalities. Most affected iguanas either were found dead or presented moribund and subsequently died or were euthanized. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included lethargy, cutaneous discoloration, and coelomic effusion. Yolk leakage in most cases was associated with the presence of large vitellogenic follicles undergoing atresia and resulted in coelomitis characterized by florid mesothelial proliferation.
Refinement of a Commercial Bench-top Relaxin Assay for Pregnancy Diagnosis Using Urine from Domestic and Nondomestic Felids
Laurie A. Harris, Bernard G. Steinetz, Jennifer B. Bond, Sally Lasano, William F. Swanson
KEYWORDS: conservation, cats, pregnancy, relaxin, urine
Relaxin, a 6-kDa polypeptide hormone, is excreted in the urine during pregnancy in several mammalian species. A recent study showed that detection of urinary relaxin using a bench-top serum assay (Witness® relaxin kit, Synbiotics Corp., San Diego, California 92127, USA) can be diagnostic for pregnancy in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus), but it is unknown whether the bench-top kit is applicable with urine across felid species. Our objectives were to 1) examine modifications in urine processing to improve kit reliability in pregnant cats, 2) evaluate the impact of concentrating urine via filtration on relaxin detection, 3) assess the effect of sample freezing on relaxin concentrations, and 4) begin quantifying urinary relaxin levels in nondomestic felids. Urine and serum were collected from domestic cats and nondomestic cat species (Pallas' cat, Otocolobus manul; sand cat, Felis margarita; cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus; and lion, Panthera leo) at several times after breeding. Urine samples, subjected to various processing methods, were tested using the bench-top kit, and relaxin levels were later quantified via radioimmunoassay. For domestic cat urine samples, filtration and addition of protein/phosphate buffer improved the consistency of the relaxin kit for early pregnancy diagnosis. Urine freezing caused a slight (∼13%) but significant decrease in relaxin concentrations, but frozen-thawed samples still tested positive with the bench-top kit. In nondomestic felids, urinary relaxin immunoreactivity during pregnancy was similar to or higher than that of pregnant domestic cats, suggesting that relaxin is a reliable cross-species marker of pregnancy. Urinary relaxin was detectable using the bench-top kit in pregnant Pallas' cats, but urine samples from other species tested negative, regardless of processing methods. Findings suggest that measurement of urinary relaxin is a promising approach for noninvasive pregnancy diagnosis in exotic felids, but further assessment of urinary relaxin profiles among cat species and modification of the bench-top relaxin kit are warranted to improve cross-species utility.
Comparison of Blood Aminotransferase Methods for Assessment of Myopathy and Hepatopathy in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Kendal E. Harr, Kathryn Allison, Robert K. Bonde, David Murphy, John W. Harvey
KEYWORDS: Aminotransferase, Capture myopathy, liver, muscle, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (P5P), Trichechus manatus latirostris
Muscle injury is common in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is frequently used to assess muscular damage in capture myopathy and traumatic injury. Therefore, accurate measurement of AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is important in managed, free-ranging animals, as well as in those rehabilitating from injury. Activities of these enzymes, however, are usually not increased in manatees with either acute or chronic muscle damage, despite marked increases in plasma creatine kinase activity. It is hypothesized that this absence of response is due to apoenzymes in the blood not detected by commonly used veterinary assays. Addition of coenzyme pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P or vitamin B6) should, therefore, result in higher measured enzyme activities. The objective of this study was to determine the most accurate, precise, and diagnostically useful method for aminotransferase measurement in manatees that can be used in veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories. Additionally, appropriate collection and storage techniques were assessed. The use of an optimized commercial wet chemical assay with 100 μmol P5P resulted in a positive bias of measured enzyme activities in a healthy population of animals. However, AST and ALT were still much lower than that typically observed in domestic animals and should not be used alone in the assessment of capture myopathy and muscular trauma. Additionally, the dry chemistry analyzer, typically used in clinics, reported significantly higher and less precise AST and ALT activities with poor correlation to those measured with wet chemical methods found in diagnostic laboratories. Therefore, these results cannot be clinically compared. Overall, the optimized wet chemical method was the most precise and diagnostically useful measurement of aminotransferase in samples. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between paired serum and plasma measurement, indicating that separate reference intervals should be established for serum and plasma. Finally, storage of these enzymes at −70°C for 1 mo resulted in up to a 25% decrease in enzymatic activity in manatee plasma.
Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenylbutazone in African and Asian Elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)
Ursula Bechert, J. Mark Christensen, C. Nguyen, R. Neelkant, E. Bendas
KEYWORDS: Phenylbutazone, pharmacokinetics, African elephants, Asian elephants, NSAID
The pharmacokinetic parameters of phenylbutazone were determined in 18 elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) after single-dose oral administration of 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg phenylbutazone, as well as multiple-dose administrations with a 4-wk washout period between trials. After administration of 2 mg/kg phenylbutazone, mean serum concentrations peaked in approximately 7.5 hr at 4.3 ± 2.02 μg/ml and 9.7 hr at 7.1 ± 2.36 μg/ml for African and Asian elephants, respectively, while 3 mg/kg dosages resulted in peak serum concentrations of 7.2 ± 4.06 μg/ml in 8.4 hr and 12.1 ± 3.13 μg/ml in 14 hr. The harmonic mean half-life was long, ranging between 13 and 15 hr and 39 and 45 hr for African and Asian elephants, respectively. There was evidence of enterohepatic cycling of phenylbutazone in Asian elephants. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) in pharmacokinetic values occurred between African and Asian elephants for clearance (27.9 and 7.6 ml/hr/kg, respectively), terminal half-life (15.0 and 38.7 hr, respectively), and mean residence time (22.5 and 55.5 hr, respectively) using 2-mg/kg dosages as an example. This suggests that different treatment regimens for Asian and African elephants should be used. There were no apparent gender differences in these parameters for either elephant species.
Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Entamoeba invadens
Carol M. Bradford, Mary C. Denver, Michael R. Cranfield
39(2), 201-207, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0145.1
KEYWORDS: Entamoeba invadens, polymerase chain reaction, protozoa, parasite, reptiles
Entamoeba invadens is a protozoal parasite of reptiles that causes colitis, abscesses of liver and other organs, and sometimes acute death. It is generally considered a commensal of chelonians but has also been implicated as a cause of colitis, diarrhea, and death in gopher (Gopherus polyphemus) and leopard (Geochelone pardalis) tortoises. Diagnosis of E. invadens is currently by detection of trophozoites and/or cysts upon direct fecal examination. However, definitive diagnosis of E. invadens has been difficult due to the very similar morphology of nonpathogenic Entamoeba spp., including E. ranarum, E. insolita, E. barreti, and E. terrapinae. Definitive speciation of Entamoeba spp. is important to avoid misdiagnosis or overtreatment for nonpathogenic protozoa. It is also important for consideration of mixed species reptile collections to avoid exposing snakes and lizards to E. invadens. In this study, we developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for E. invadens, E. ranarum, E. terrapinae, and E. insolita and conducted PCR amplification of purified DNA from cell cultures, as well as purified DNA from reptile stool samples with E. invadens trophozoites added. As a result of this study, a naturally occurring infection of E. invadens was confirmed in a giant South American river turtle (Podocnemis expansa). This study has developed successful PCR primers for four species of Entamoeba and demonstrates that PCR is a promising diagnostic tool for the definitive identification of E. invadens.
Relationship Between Separation Time of Plasma From Heparinized Whole Blood on Plasma Biochemical Analytes of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)
Eliza Eisenhawer, Charles H. Courtney, Rose E. Raskin, Elliott Jacobson
KEYWORDS: blood storage, Caretta caretta, loggerhead sea turtle, plasma, biochemicals
Concentrations and activities of selected biochemicals of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were determined for plasma that was separated from whole blood samples that were kept up to 96 hr post collection (PC) in a refrigerator. Blood samples collected from seven juvenile captive loggerhead sea turtles were added to tubes containing lithium heparin and were placed on ice. Equal amounts of anticoagulated whole blood from the lithium heparin tubes were then aliquoted into plastic tubes and stored as whole blood under refrigeration until they were centrifuged at 0, 4, 24, 48, and 96 hr PC. Plasma was removed and the analytes that were measured were alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Compared with values at 0 time, the only analyte to be significantly different at 24 hr PC was GGT (activity decreased by 25%). Compared with values at 0 time, significant differences at 96 hr PC were only seen in AST (2% increase), GGT (25% decrease), glucose (7% decrease), and uric acid (25% increase). Although a statistically significant difference was found in concentrations of phosphorus and cholesterol over time by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the follow-up multiple comparison procedure could not define the specific time points at which significant differences occurred. For all other analytes, significant differences over the time course of the study were not found. In these instances, the power of the ANOVA was sufficient (≥0.80) to detect any arithmetic differences of a clinically relevant magnitude. Although plasma should be separated from the cellular component of blood as soon as possible PC, in a field situation in which a centrifuge is unavailable, samples can be stored in a portable cooler up to 24 hr without appreciable change in select biochemical analytes.
Unidentified Plasmodium Species in Australian Black Swans (Cygnus atratus) Hatched and Raised in North America
K. Christiana Grim, Thomas McCutchan, Margery Sullivan, Michael R. Cranfield
KEYWORDS: avian malaria, Australian black swan, Cygnus atratus, Plasmodium
A pair of Australian black swans (Cygnus atratus) with origins in Wakefield, Virginia, USA, was admitted to the quarantine area at the Baltimore Zoo for general health assessments before housing in the collections. During the quarantine period, no clinical signs of disease were manifest; however, upon examination of a blood smear, intraerythrocytic parasites were detected and initially determined to be Haemoproteus species. Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing results, however, indicated that the parasites were within the genus Plasmodium. Subclinical infections with Plasmodium species in birds may affect collection management, and transmission from refractory hosts to susceptible hosts should be considered when multispecies exhibits are used. In addition, changes in the dynamics of host-vector-parasite interactions might have significant impacts on wild or domesticated populations of birds.
Fatal Disseminated Encephalitozoonosis in a Captive, Adult Goeldi's Monkey (Callimico goeldii) and Subsequent Serosurvey of the Exposed Conspecifics
Michelle R. Davis, Michael Kinsel, Katherine Wasson, Jennifer Boonstra, Mark Warneke, Jennifer N. Langan
KEYWORDS: Goeldi's monkey, Callimico goeldii, microsporidia, Encephalitozoon cuniculi
A captive, adult male Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) (GM) presented in acute respiratory distress 4 yr after importation into the United States from Europe. Radiographs and echocardiogram were consistent with heart failure. The monkey died within 24 hr of presentation. Necropsy findings included multicentric arteritis and aortitis with aneurysm associated with microsporidian organisms morphologically consistent with Encephalitozoon species. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed organisms were Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Sequence analysis of amplicons generated by using primers specific for the polar tube protein of E. cuniculi determined the organism to be genotype II. An E. cuniculi serosurvey of potentially exposed conspecifics that represented approximately 40% of the captive GM population in the United States was conducted. Multiple individuals that had been imported from Europe with the individual of this report were seropositive via an immunofluorescent antibody assay for E. cuniculi. Multiple samples were available from 3 individuals that demonstrated a decrease in titer or reversion to seronegative status within 3 yr of initial positive status. All other GM were negative on serology. This case is unique in that the genotype identified (genotype II) was different than the genotype (genotype III) reported in other New World primate (NWP) species, the patterns of arteritis were different from the typical pattern of microsporidial vasculitis described in other species, and clinical disease was observed in an adult. Most reported cases of clinical disease secondary to E. cuniculi in NWP have been in neonates and juveniles.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcocystis neurona in a Captive Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)
Natalie D. Mylniczenko, Karen S. Kearns, Ann C. Melli
KEYWORDS: Harbor Seal, Phoca vitulina, Sarcocystis neurona, neurologic disease, ponazuril, cerebellum, ataxia
A captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) presented with partial anorexia, ataxia, and head bobbing, which progressed to complete anorexia, lethargy, and persistent whole-body intention tremors within several days. Response to treatment with ponazuril, serology, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis supported a diagnosis of Sarcocystis neurona. Analysis of serum levels for ponazuril indicated that therapeutic levels could be achieved at a dosage of 5 mg/kg p.o. s.i.d., whereas clinical response was improved at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Several months after initiation of antiprotozoal therapy, the neurologic signs resolved, although rare intermittent tremors were seen with significant exertion.
Paresis in an Asian Small Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) Associated with Vertebral and Ischial Osteolysis Caused by a Malignant Lymphangiosarcoma
Julie Swenson, James W. Carpenter, Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan, Cornelia Ketz-Riley, Erin Brinkman
KEYWORDS: Asian small clawed otter, Aonyx cinerus, lymphangiosarcoma, metastatic neoplasia, hind limb paresis/ paralysis
A 10-yr-old male intact Asian small clawed otter (Aonyx cinerus) was presumptively diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with lymphangiosarcoma after bony destruction of the ischium and spinal column from local tumor invasion had caused progressive signs of hind limb lameness and paresis/paralysis, which led to humane euthanasia. At necropsy, the primary tumor was identified as a flocculent mass present under the caudal lumbar vertebrae. Multiple nerves were seen to run from the spinal cord into the wall of the mass. This mass had locally invaded the surrounding muscle, vertebral column, and spinal cord, which led to the clinical signs noted at presentation. Bony destruction was severe with almost complete obliteration of the right ischium and osteolysis of L6, exposing the spinal cord beneath. The tumor had metastasized to at least two different sites within the spleen. The abdominal tumor was confirmed to be of endothelial origin by the use of immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen and was confirmed as lymphatic origin versus vascular origin because of the lack of red blood cells within the vessels. The length of time from initial presentation with hind limb lameness to euthanasia because of hind limb paralysis was 4 mo. This is the first report of lymphangiosarcoma, an uncommon malignant neoplasm of lymphatic origin, in a mustelid and the first report of neoplastic disease in an Asian small clawed otter. In addition, the presentation of hind limb paresis associated with bony lysis because of local tumor invasion has not been previously reported with lymphangiosarcoma in humans, domestic animals, or nondomestic animals.
Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinona in a Paca (Agouti paca) Resembling Bowen's Disease
Marcela M. Luppi, Marcelo C. C. Malta, Maria E. L T. Costa, Rafael O. C. Motta, Renato L. Santos
39(2), 244-247, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2006-018.1
KEYWORDS: Paca, Agouti paca, multicentric squamous cell carcinoma
An 8-yr-old female paca (Agouti paca) was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Belo Horizonte Zoo (Brazil) with an ulcerated cutaneous nodule of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter in the left ear. One week later, other cutaneous nodules were detected in various body locations. The animal died during a surgical procedure to remove the tumors. All cutaneous nodules were histologically similar with features of squamous cell carcinoma. Considering the predominant in situ nature of the lesion as well as its multicentric localization, the disease reported here closely resembles Bowen's disease, which has been described in humans and which has been identified as a rare neoplastic disease of cats, with one single report in a dog. This is the first report of a neoplastic disease in Agouti paca.
Nonsurgical Repair of an Umbilical Hernia in Two Asian Elephant Calves (Elephas maximus)
Ellen B. Wiedner, Charlie Gray, Peter Rich, Gary L. Jacobson, Ramiro Isaza, Dennis Schmitt, William A. Lindsay
KEYWORDS: umbilical hernia, Elephas maximus, Asian elephant, neonate, umbilicus
Umbilical hernias were diagnosed in two captive-born, female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves several weeks after birth. Daily manual reduction of the hernias for 5 wk in the first case and for 5 mo in the second resulted in complete closure of the defects. Nonsurgical repair of uncomplicated, fully reducible umbilical hernias in Asian elephants can be an alternative to surgery.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Treatment of Cutaneous Papillomas in a Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina
Paul Raiti
KEYWORDS: common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina, fibropapilloma, papilloma, carbon dioxide laser
Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was used to treat multiple cutaneous papillomas on an adult female common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina. A combination of excisional and ablative techniques provided excellent intraoperative visibility and postoperative results due to the laser's unique ability to incise and vaporize soft tissue.
Sarcoptic Mange and Pelodera Dermatitis in an American Black bear (Ursus americanus)
Scott D. Fitzgerald, Thomas M. Cooley, Melinda K. Cosgrove
KEYWORDS: black bear, dermatitis, mange, Pelodera, Sarcoptes
An adult female free-ranging American black bear (Ursus americanus) was presented in poor body condition, with advanced skin disease. Skin changes included hair loss, lichenification, crusting, and focal erosions. Skin scrapings and histopathology identified two distinct parasitic conditions that were contributing to this animal's dermatitis. Large numbers of larvae, nymphs, and adults of Sarcoptes scabiei were present in the superficial epidermis, and nematodes consistent with Pelodera strongyloides were abundant within the hair follicles. This appears to be the first reported case of Pelodera dermatitis in a bear species, adding a new differential agent to the list for dermatitis in bears. The sarcoptic mange and poor body condition of this bear may have been contributing factors to the development of the opportunistic Pelodera infestation.
Caesarian Section and Neonatal Care in the Aardvark (Orycteropus afer)
Adrian G. Mutlow, Hisako Mutlow
KEYWORDS: Aardvark, caesarian section, Haberman feeder, hand-rearing, neonate, Orycteropus afer
A 5-yr-old aardvark (Orycteropus afer) was presented with dystocia as a result of fetal oversize. A caesarian section was performed using the technique used in domestic dogs. Anesthesia was induced with medetomidine and ketamine and maintained with isoflurane. The neonate was initially unable to suckle because of swelling and paralysis of the face and tongue following the prolonged pressure of the dystocia. A Haberman feeder was used successfully from 5 days of age, and the calf suckled unassisted after 9 days, from which point it was parent-reared. Most captive aardvark calves have been hand-reared. Although all four of this female's calves have required some initial medical assistance, only the first was hand-reared. A management strategy of overnight separation of the calves and dam has allowed the neonates sufficient rest and reduced injury and has reduced the need for hand-rearing.
Serologic Survey of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus in North Carolina Woodchucks (Marmota monax)
J. M. Cullen, D. Lindsey-Pegram, P. J. Cote
KEYWORDS: Hepadnavirus, Woodchuck, Woodchuck hepatitis virus
The prevalence of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) in wild populations of woodchucks is understudied and therefore unclear. Although infection is common in the southeastern region of Pennsylvania and surrounding states, it is virtually absent in New York and New England. Sera were collected from wild woodchucks from Orange County, North Carolina and tested for the presence of markers of current or previous infection with WHV. Of the 24 woodchucks tested, there were three animals (12.5%) with WHV surface antigen as well as antibodies to woodchuck hepatitis core antigen in their serum, indicative of active infection. There were four (17%) animals with antibodies to WHV core antigen but no woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen, indicative of prior infections. The remaining 17 animals had no detectable markers of WHV infection. These data indicate that WHV is present in central North Carolina at rates approaching those seen in endemic areas, such as the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Oropharyngeal Teratoma in a Neonatal Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger)
Holly J. Haefele, Amanda Guthrie, John G. Trupkiewicz, Michael M. Garner
KEYWORDS: sable antelope, Hippotragus niger, oropharyngeal teratoma, neoplasia, pathology, wildlife
A neonatal male sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) was found dead. A 5 by 12–cm lobulated mass was present in the oral cavity, attached to the caudal border of the soft palate; this mass contained hair, cartilage, bone, nervous tissue, muscle, and multiple gland-like structures. Histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with oropharyngeal teratoma. As a result of the lack of wear of the fetal hooves, the firm, collapsed appearance of the lungs, and the lack of other gross or histopathologic abnormalities, the oropharyngeal tumor is suspected to have caused an airway obstruction, resulting in the calf's early postnatal death. This is the first report of an oropharyngeal teratoma in the veterinary literature.
Thoracolumbar Hemilaminectomy and Spinal Cord Decompression in a Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus)
Matthew Capitanio, Dawn M. Zimmerman, Michael Douglass, Terry Dew
KEYWORDS: hemilaminectomy, intervertebral disk disease, lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus
A 16-yr-old, castrated male lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) presented with acute bilateral pelvic limb paralysis. Cisternal and lumbar myelograms demonstrated right-sided spinal cord compression at T13-L1. During an extradural hemilaminectomy, chronically ruptured disk material was removed at T13-L1, with moderate venous dilatation observed cranially. The macaque fully recovered from clinical signs within 2 mo.
Secondary Amyloidosis and Renal Failure in a Captive California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Sathya K. Chinnadurai, Arnaud Van Wettere, Keith E. Linder, Craig A. Harms, Ryan S. DeVoe
KEYWORDS: California sea lion, renal failure, secondary amyloidosis, Zalophus californianus
A 16-yr-old, captive-born, female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) was evaluated for intermittent lethargy, partial anorexia, and polydipsia of 2 wk duration. The animal was immobilized for physical examination. It was in thin body condition, with multifocal mucosal ulcerations over the caudal and ventral tongue. Blood was collected for hematology, serum chemistry, and leptospirosis serology. Serum chemistry revealed severe azotemia, mild hyperglycemia, and severe hyperphosphatemia. The animal went into cardiac arrest during recovery from anesthesia and died. On histopathology, abundant amorphous, finely fibrillar, eosinophilic material was deposited in the kidneys, and smaller amounts of the same material were found in the splenic and pancreatic vessels; these findings are consistent with systemic secondary amyloidosis. The animal also had chronic nephritis, which, coupled with renal amyloidosis, resulted in renal failure and death. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered as an additional differential diagnosis for renal failure in California sea lions.
Murray E. Fowler
39(2), 279, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2008)39[279:BR]2.0.CO;2
Abstracts From Selected Reports
Abstracts of Selected Reports
39(2), 280-281, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2008)39[280:AOSR]2.0.CO;2


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We found 10 episodes of America's Roundtable with the tag "afghanistan".
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Fmr. Congressman Tom Garrett | A Special Report from the Frontline of the War in Ukraine
May 8th, 2022 | 28 mins 12 secs
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Ambassador Abdulla Al Khalifa | The U.S. - Bahrain Partnership | U.S. - Bahrain Free Trade Agreement | The Abraham Accords | Strengthening Economic and Security Ties
afghanistan, aluminium bahrain b.s.c., aluminium smelter, aluminum, aluminum smelter, ambassador al khalifa, ambassador to the u.s., america's roundtable, arab league, arabian gulf, arabian sea, arizona, bahrain, bahrain banter, bahraini dinar (bhd), bilateral, capital, commerce, cyber security, d.c., defense, department of defense, economy, embassy of bahrain in washington, exports, finance, financial hub, fintech, florida, free trade zone, gas, gulf cooperation council, information, international leaders summit, investment, investments, islamic finance and banking, israel, jewish community, joel anand samy, major non-nato ally, maritime security, minnesota, natasha srdoc, national security, saudi arabia, security, shaikh abdulla bin rashid bin abdulla al khalifa, synagogue, technology, texas, the abraham accords, the kingdom of bahrain, trade, u.s., u.s. navy's 5th fleet, united states, washington d.c., zero taxes
Fmr. Congressman Tom Garrett | The Exile Series Documentary | Religious and Ethnic Persecution | China's Olympic Games | US Foreign Policy - Ukraine and the Balkans
January 22nd, 2022 | 28 mins 32 secs
afghanistan, america, america's roundtable, balkans, camps, china, christians, coca-cola, conflict, documentary, double standards, exile, exile series, forced labor, hbo, heroin, human rights, international leaders summit, iran, iraq, israel, jerusalem, jews, joel anand samy, middle east, minority, money, money laundering, muslims, natasha srdoc, nike, opium, organized crime, religious persecution, rule of law, russia, syria, terrorism financing, thomas garrett, u.s.a., ukraine, united states, us congress, us congressman, uyghurs, washington dc, winter olympics 2022, xinjiang province
Fred Zeidman | The State of US-Israel Relations | America's Energy Independence Abandoned | The Abraham Accords | Iran Nuclear Threat
January 1st, 2022 | 43 mins 42 secs
abbas, abraham accords, afghanistan, america, america's roundtable radio, anti-semitism, arabs, aremis soft corp, bahrain, barack obama, bds movement, board of directors and executive committee of the university of saint thomas, board of the institute for rehabilitation and research (tirr), boycott, council for a secure america, development corporation of israel (israel bonds), divestment and sanction, donald trump, dubai, energy independence, fossil fuels, fred zeidman, gaza, george w. bush, houston, houston community college, hyperdynamics corp., inc., investments, iran, iraq, isis, israel, jews, joe biden, joel anand samy, keystone pipeline, lanser broadcasting, middle east, morocco, natasha srdoc, national world war ii museum, natural gas, north dakota, nuclear threat, peace through strength, petro river oil, petroflow energy, petroleum, prosperity bank, republican jewish coalition, saudi arabia, seitel inc., sovereignty, straight path communications, sudan, sulphco inc., supertalk mississippi, texas, texas heart institute, the gordian group, trade, transmeridian exploration, unibar, united arab emirates, united states holocaust memorial council, university of texas health science system houston, us, usa, vienna talks, west bank
Chris Mitchell | Update from Israel on Christmas Day | US-Israel Relations | Iran Nuclear Threat | The Abraham Accords
December 29th, 2021 | 30 mins 9 secs
abraham accords, afghanistan, america, america's roundtable radio, arabs, bds movement, bethlehem, boycott, bureau chief, cbn news, chris mitchell, christians, christmas, church of the nativity in bethlehem, divestment and sanction, evangelicals, holy land, investments, iran, isis, israel, israeli defense minister benny gantz, jerusalem, jews, joel anand samy, judea and samaria, lanser broadcasting, middle east, natasha srdoc, nuclear threat, sovereignty, supertalk mississippi, trade, us, us secretary of defense lloyd austin, usa, vienna talks, west bank
Fmr. Congressman Scott Taylor | The 20th Anniversary of September 11 | Chaotic Withdrawal from Afghanistan | IAEA's Alarming Report on Iran | The First Year Anniversary of The Abraham Accords
September 14th, 2021 | 32 mins 33 secs
abraham accords, afghan girls, afghanistan, allies, america, america's roundtable, biden administration, congressman scott taylor, dod, evacuation, humanitarian aid, iaea, international leaders summit, iran, isis, israel, joel anand samy, military doctrine, natasha srdoc, nato, nuclear threat, palestinians, president trump, qatar, refugees, september 11, state department, suicide bomber, terrorism, the taliban, us, us embassy, us military, us navy seal, usa, virginia, withdrawal
Cheryl Chumley | America and Afghanistan | President Biden's Socialist Policies | The Left's $3.5 Trillion "Human Infrastructure" Bill
September 9th, 2021 | 26 mins 53 secs
"socialists don't sleep", accountability, afghanistan, america, america's roundtable, author, biden administration, cheryl chumley, command and control, economy, evacuation, exodus, human infrastructure bill, international leaders summit, joel anand samy, judeo-christian values, michigan, natasha srdoc, national debt, online opinion editor, president trump, republic, socialism, socialists don't sleep, taxes, the washington times, transparency, u.s. liberty, us, us army veteran, usa, withdrawal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Amid the post-war boom of Hollywood's Golden Age, Cole Phelps is an LAPD detective thrown headfirst into a city drowning in its own success. Corruption is rampant, the drug trade is exploding, and murder rates are at an all-time high. In his fight to climb the ranks and do what's right, Phelps must unravel the truth behind a string of arson attacks, racketeering conspiracies and brutal murders, battling the L.A. underworld and even members of his own department to uncover a secret that could shake the city to its rotten core.
Using groundbreaking new animation technology that captures every nuance of an actor's facial performance in astonishing detail, L.A. Noire is a violent crime thriller that blends breathtaking action with true detective work to deliver an unprecedented interactive experience. Search for clues, chase down suspects and interrogate witnesses as you struggle to find the truth in a city where everyone has something to hide.
PC piracy doesn't really effect console sales bud.
Sales will die as soon as the pc release comes out. Pc piracy will kill this game.
Very awesome unique game. Hope it keeps selling great.
Agreed: 2 mil for each platform, a miserable failure does not constitute.


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In-ear headphones are a dime dozen these days. So it takes something special to stand out. In steps Bowers & Wilkins C5 Series 2 in-ear headphones, a refresh of the 1st generation of the C5. Similar in popularity to the P5 Headphones that was just recently also refreshed, the C5 Series 2 is spectacular in design and function. The secure loop is back and newly improved, and this time it's all black. All in all, it now provides an even more comfortable fit than before. This unique design concept is not common, if at all, found on other pairs of in-ear headphones. And what makes this design so different, is the fact that it will fit ANY ear, no matter what size.
Unfortunately, because of this unique fit, it may not be for everyone. To put it on your ears, you need to adjust the secure loop and it will lock into the rim of your ears. The loop keeps the ear buds in place without budging.
The C5 Series 2 is a delicious sounding pair of in-ear headphones. The experience is loud and robust, and makes you feel like you stuck one mini speaker into each ear. Music sounds lush and balanced. And while the Micro Porous Filter may look a bit obnoxious hanging out of your ear, because of this added feature, songs sound cleaner and crisper then ever. The in-line remote also experienced clean and crisp sound during calls.
The C5 Series 2 comes with a petite carrying case and additional comfort-fit ear buds for different ear sizes. Lets put it this way… if you are looking for a sublime, luxuriously sounding pair of in-ear headphones. the latest generation of the C5 is the way to go. Unfortunately, some may be a little disconcerted with the secure loop and honestly, it isn't for everyone. We had one user experience ear fatigue from the pressure of the loop inside their ear. Despite that, the audio experience is unparalleled and excellent. The C5 Series 2 In-ear headphones are available now and retails for $179.99.
The Good: Amazing sound quality. Luxurious design. Unique secure loop feature.
The Bad: Secure loop may not be for everyone.
I hope version 2 is better than the originals. The Original C5's are complete junk and B&W doesn't seem to care. STAY AWAY from these and find some more reliable headphones. I have had these replaced four times in 18 months. Since the 2 year warranty is about up, I'm done with these. To answer people's question if the warranty is extended when a pair is replaced, NOPE! Tried to discuss the obvious defect in these headphones with B&W USA and got absolutely nowhere. $200 for complete junk and a company that doesn't care about making the product better. DO NOT BUY.
They don't care, yet they replaced them 4x for you… Right!
Sounds like you were probably rough on your C5s and enjoyed them enough to get them replaced under warranty 4x, this speaks volumes about the willingness of B&W to cater to your shenanigans. As they say, fool me 4x shame on me.


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Film and Thatcher's Britain
James Clarke | Tuesday December 03, 2013
Categories: A Level, EDUQAS A Level, EDUQAS AS, FM2, Section B: British Film Topics, Analysis, Film Analysis, Film Industry, Censorship & Regulation, Copyright & Licensing, Film Marketing, Film Publicity, Film Promotion, Films & Case Studies, Hollywood Films, Chariots of Fire, Non-Hollywood Films, My Beautiful Laundrette, Genres & Case Studies, Comedy, Drama, History, Romance, Sport, Hot Entries, Key Concepts, Audience, Film Language, Representation
One of the key issues to be explored in our study of film is that of representation. As such, it's fair to say that there's an established, and largely agreed upon, understanding that film, like other media and forms of cultural expression, can reflect back to us aspects of the conditions in which we live or have lived with. Certainly, there's scope for us to think about how British cinema has, in more or less 'obvious' ways, reflected back to us a point of view about a particular British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, and the period in which she led the British government.
Mrs Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minister of Great Britain between the years 1979 and 1990 and her time in this complicated and influential role was hugely popular and hugely controversial. As with all party-political figures her policies and choices were supported by many and derided by many.
This particular resource is intended to help you with exploring how British film has represented aspects of what has come to be known as 'Thatcher's Britain'. It's a term that offers some sense of how influential her policies were. However, before we discuss two readily available films in more detail we need to sketch out a sense of the policies that characterised Thatcher's government. In a way, what we are doing here is attempting to understand what kind of 'feeling' her policies were intended to encourage and create within the British public.
Mrs Thatcher's administration was very much tied into the news media (newspapers and TV as the internet was not yet a part of the cultural context). Her administration also became synonymous with The Falklands War, The Miners' Strike, and the political and cultural tensions in Northern Ireland. Two films that explore the Miners' Strike and the situation in Northern Ireland are Brassed Off (1997) and Hidden Agenda (1990), each finding ways to dramatise these...


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More professionals investing in solar funds - Business and Leadership, 16/07/2012
An analysis of the investor profiles of one of the largest solar funds has revealed that professionals, such as doctors, dentists and pharmacists, and the self-employed have been the quickest to diversify away from the stock market and are the most likely to switch to less conventional options such as solar investment.
The investment experts believe that this group has turned its back on conventional asset allocation due to a lack of confidence and trust in traditional asset classes. The experts have also revealed that 91pc of the funds are from pension investors who hav...
Global solar market to reach $75.2 bullion by 2016
New solar technology like concentrated solar power (CSP) and the opening of new markets are tipped to become a strong growth engine for solar moving forward, according to a new report looking at how the industry will develop before 2016.
The report, titled "Solar Power Market by PV, CSP Technologies by Installations, Price, Cost, Trade Trends & Global Forecasts (2011 - 2016)", was released at the end of August by MarketsandMarkets, a global market research and consulting company based in the U.S. It covers photovoltaics, solar thermal, CSP and concentrated PV.
Overall, it was found that the solar market will eclipse $75 billion dollars and that inst...
Permission refused for Connemara wind farm
AN Bord Pleanála has refused planning permission for a major wind farm in Connemara, consisting of 27 turbines, on the basis that it would "erode the visual and environmental amenity of this area" of Co Galway.
Overturning Galway County Council's decision to approve the scheme after it was appealed by An Taisce, Inland Fisheries Ireland and six individual objectors, the board said the Connemara landscape "is one of the principal assets of the tourism industry" in the county.
Gaoi an Iarthar Teo wanted to erect 27 turbines in a scenic ...
Gaelectric in €18m deal with Chinese
GAELECTRIC, the Dublin-headquartered renewable energy group, has signed an €18 million development deal with Chinese energy giant, XEMC which will result in three wind farms being built in the Midlands with the capacity to power nearly 7,000 homes.
The three sites, in counties Westmeath, Offaly and Roscommon, will generate a combined total of 13.6 megawatts of wind power and should be fully operational by the middle of next year, with the capability of powering up to 6,500 home...
Every Company is an Energy Company - and if it isn't, it will be soon
As leaders around the world begin to see the strong link between financial performance and commitment to sustainability, meeting sustainability goals is set to become a top priority. And an energy strategy is the first step towards sustainability. The sooner companies begin to understand and actively manage their energy use the faster they'll reap benefits such as significant savings, a better bottom line, greater customer loyalty, a cost-edge over competitors, lower business risk, and a company-wide awareness o...


While amateur DIY products and mouse traps are a cost effective way to control light mice infestations, professional pest control is required for more established mouse colonies or where there is a repeated infestation. Once an infestation has been identified, the best and most effective way to get rid of mice is with professional treatment.
Rentokil PCI service technicians provide highly targeted treatment to deal with any mouse problem and will offer advice on how to keep your home mouse free in the future. Rentokil PCI offers a call-out service to deal with mice and other pest problems in the home. Our domestic pest control services are fast, effective and offer the highest level of safety for your family and pets.
Call Rentokil PCI on 1800-212-212-5 for an expert inspection and the most efficient methods to remove mice from your property. Act now if you have spotted signs of a mice infestation.
Expert surveys - for businesses and homes. Our expert team of Field Biologists do a thorough survey of your premise to identify the full extent of your mouse problem.
Skilled, experienced Field Biologists and technicians - with industry specific experience and a thorough knowledge of pest control requirements of different industries.
At Rentokil PCI, we can offer tailored solutions that offer the best form of mouse control and defence.


DTSD teachers secured $3,300 in grants from the Tanger KidsGrants program to support educational initiatives at the elementary and high school buildings. Grants were received for to support Guided Math, Adventures in Coding, the HHS Library Collaboration Think Tank, and flexible seating in the classroom. We're thankful to have Tanger Outlets, Hershey as part of a supportive business community.


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Colvin & Moggridge design for multi-species enclosure features in Royal Academy Summer Exhibition.
Selected for display at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition this year is an axonometric drawing by Mark Darwent and Sue Goodman for the multi-species enclosure for spectacled bears, coatimundi and short-clawed otters at the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust in Jersey. The READ MORE
By : Hal Moggridge
Georgian Group Award for restoration of Old Alresford Park.
In the company of longstanding client Mike Hall, Colvin and Moggridge were delighted to have their part in the renovation of the charming Richard Woods 'ferme ornée' park at Old Alresford House in Hampshire recognised by the Georgian Group on the 31/10/2012. At the READ MORE


Can I summarise the whole Bible in one sentence? How does the 66 Books of the Bible tie-up together? Bible Explained is a seven-week evening course designed for believing Christian and sincere enquirer wishing to untangle the message of the Bible in a simple and coherent, but not simplistic way.
Discipleship Explored is an eight-week journey into the book of Philippians. Course participants explore for themselves the meaning of Paul's extraordinary words: "For me, to live is Christ and to die is gain." This course is perfect for newChristian who have just completed Christianity Explained, or for anyone who wants to make the most of their Christian lives.
This is a series of two-weekend clinics on how to read and study the Bible. Each clinic focuses on one book of a particular biblical genre. Each weekend series will feature an expository sermon, a talk on how to study the selected book, group work and presentation.


Basically you enter transactions that are either positive or negative, and then tag them with a keyword. Mo.neytrack.in can then aggregate similar keywords (categories) and show you the money spent on that category, and so on. It also has more advanced graphing, project, and other calculation tools. I'm pretty excited about it.Here's the interface for a transaction. Simple -- just how I like it.
I also like the idea that I can do my budget anywhere that I have internet access. And I won't have to hunt around on my computer for my budget file. It's all online -- I am gradually organizing my life online. Eventually everything I need will be online. Our computers will just be terminals to the cyberspace.
Another cool thing about Mo.neytrack.in is that they have a blog. It's becoming more and more the norm that companies have blogs. I found it very helpful -- through their blog I discovered that they have a Firefox extension that allows you to click a button on your browser toolbar and enter a transaction. I love that!


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H.S. softball: Beaning, bumps, bruises don't deter Kingsway's Griffiths
WOOLWICH TWP. – It was a pretty painful week for Tori Griffiths.
With a bunch of bumps and bruises sandwiched around a stinging shutout loss against a bitter rival, one probably thought Griffiths might wave the white flag.
They obviously don't know Griffiths, a junior at Kingsway Regional High School.
After a scary incident when she was beaned in the helmet just minutes after taking a line drive off her lower leg in the circle, Griffiths remained in the game, delivering a pair of RBI singles and pitching the Dragons to a 7-2 victory over Vineland in a nonleague game on Friday.
"I'm just a magnet for the ball right now," said Griffiths, whose week began in painful fashion when she was struck in the face playing spring field hockey on Sunday. She was left with a nasty swollen upper lip for a couple of days.
More:H.S. softball: South Jersey Mean 15 rankings after Week 4
More:H.S. softball: Skelly sisters making first year playing at Sterling a memorable one
Griffiths could laugh about it after the game, but when she took a fastball off the side of the helmet in the first inning, there was reason for immediate concern. Griffiths knelt down on one knee just outside the batter's box, talking to Kingsway head coach Jill Ward for several minutes. She later walked to the dugout on her own and got checked out by the Kingsway athletic training staff before being cleared to re-enter the game.
"It was really scary," Kingsway head coach Jill Ward said. "When I first looked at her, it didn't look good. It was a scary moment, but she's a really tough kid."
Tough and talented, Griffiths' game is magnetic both on the field hockey pitch and softball diamond.
The Liberty University commit has delivered 83 goals and 51 assists in three seasons for the Dragons in field hockey. She ranks among the team leaders with 25 hits and is second in RBIs (21), only trailing Sarah Cancila (25).
"She's one of the best athletes I've ever coached," Ward said. "She's got the skills, but she'll also do whatever is asked of her to make the team better. When our third baseman got hurt, she moved from second to third. When we've asked her to be a role pitcher, she's done that too. She has done all of it and just attacked it."
Griffiths and the rest of the Dragons were anxious to erase the pain that suffered about 24 hours earlier. That's when they saw their 15-game unbeaten streak end with a 3-0 loss to Gloucester County Tech, getting handcuffed on just two hits by Rylee Lutz.
"It was huge for us to get right back out there," Griffiths said. "Every team has bumps in the road and GCIT is a killer team, it's always a battle with them. Our mindset coming in here was just to get another win. No more bumps, we got it out of the way."
Kingsway (16-1) generated nine hits, including three by senior Tori Lipka and a mammoth three-run homer by Sarah Cancilla. It was Cancilla's fifth round-tripper of the season, tying her for the team lead with Lipka and Marina Costello.
Kingsway's defense also shined, no play bigger than Lipka's great running catch right in front of the fence that maintained the Dragons' one-run lead in the fourth inning.
Vineland (11-8) used the long ball to account for both of their runs as Madison Cantoni and Brooke Dickerson each launched solo shots.
Friday's victory likely locked up the top-seed for Kingsway in the upcoming South Jersey Group 4 tournament as the Dragons look to defend their title from 2019. Many of the same players on this squad got valuable experiences during that championship run.
"I think there's a ton of similarities between that team two years ago and this one," Griffiths said. "Our seniors are crazy good and I think our experience in those big games is really going to help us in the playoffs."


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Man admits to kidnapping, raping teenage girl
Posted: 8:52 PM, May 26, 2016
Jim Cole

Nathaniel Kibby is escorted out of the Belknap County Superior after pleading guilty and being sentenced 45-90 years in prison for kidnapping, rape, criminal threatening and witness tampering Thursday May 26, 2016 in Laconia, N.H. (AP Photo/Jim Cole)

LACONIA, N.H. (AP) — A man who kidnapped a 14-year-old girl when she accepted his offer of a ride home from school because her feet were sore, held her in captivity for nine months and raped her repeatedly at his trailer acknowledged his crimes on Thursday.
Nathaniel Kibby pleaded guilty to kidnapping, aggravated felonious sex assault and criminal threatening, and prosecutors asked for a sentence of 45 to 90 years in prison for him.
Kibby, who had pleaded not guilty shortly after his arrest, had been scheduled to go on trial next month on nearly 200 felony charges related to the girl's October 2013 disappearance and the months that followed. But he changed his plea to guilty at a hearing on Thursday.
Before the 35-year-old Kibby could enter his new plea, a prosecutor said Kibby had kidnapped the girl by offering her a ride home from her school and then brandishing a gun when she attempted to get out of his car.
Prosecutor Jane Young said the girl and Kibby didn't know each other and she accepted the ride because she'd worn boots to school and her feet were blistered. Young said when the girl tried to get out of the car in a parking lot Kibby pulled out the gun and threatened to "blow her brains out."
Kibby also pleaded guilty to witness tampering and other offenses. Last week, a judge ruled Kibby's lawyers could not question the girl before his trial about her exposure to media coverage and the amount of freedom she was given to move about his trailer in Gorham, where prosecutors say he used a stun gun, zip ties and a shock collar to control her.
Kibby was charged with kidnapping the girl on Oct. 9, 2013, as she walked home from her high school in Conway. The girl returned to her home in North Conway the night of July 20, 2014, but prosecutors have not elaborated on the circumstances of her return. She waited until a week after she was home to reveal Kibby's identity. She was able to identify Kibby because she spotted his full name inside a cookbook in his home.
Lawyers hired by the girl's family said she had suffered "numerous acts of unspeakable violence" during her months of captivity. Their statement was largely a plea for privacy and did not elaborate on what she endured. The girl, who is now 17 years old, attended Thursday's hearing.


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Memphis Hustle
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Marquis Teague earns first Gatorade call-up in franchise history
By Geoff Langham | March 24, 2018
Hustle Guard Signs 10-Day Contract with Memphis Grizzlies
Memphis Hustle guard Marquis Teague has signed a 10-day contract with the Memphis Grizzlies, the team announced today. Teague's contract marks the first GATORADE Call-Up in Hustle franchise history.
Teague (6-2, 180) started in all 47 of his games with the Hustle this season and averaged 17.6 points, 3.4 rebounds and 6.1 assists in 32.5 minutes while shooting 45.5 percent from the field, 42.7 percent from three-point range and 78.2 percent from the free throw line. He has led the Hustle in total points, total assists and free throws made and attempted during the team's inaugural season in the G League. In the month of March, Teague averaged 22.7 points, 7.8 assists and 3.0 rebounds in 34.7 minutes for the Hustle while shooting 47.6 percent from the field, 38.5 percent from three-point range and 81.3 percent from the free throw line.
Selected in the first round (29th overall) of the 2012 NBA Draft following his freshman year at the University of Kentucky, Teague has appeared in 88 regular season games (three starts) during his two-year NBA career and has averaged 2.3 points, 1.0 rebounds and 1.4 assists in 9.5 minutes for the Chicago Bulls and Brooklyn Nets. The 25-year-old has appeared in 161 G League games (125 starts) and has averaged 15.6 points, 2.7 rebounds and 5.7 assists in 30.8 minutes for the Iowa Energy, Oklahoma City Blue, Fort Wayne Mad Ants and Memphis Hustle.
The Indianapolis, Indiana native also has played internationally for Ironi Nahariya in Israel (2016) and BC Avtodor Saratov in Russia (2016-17).
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text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Soda was part of the team commissioned to create the Web Story Box section of the new Information Age Gallery in the Science Museum. Web Story Box tells the story of 'how the web works' with Tim Berners Lee and Josie Long bringing digital storyteller Tim Wright's humorous, informative words to life. Soda designed, prototyped and developed the hardware and software for the interactive exhibit.
Developing the exhibit was technologically very complex. It comprises a large central projection with 13 LCD screens driven by Raspberry Pi single board computers set into the surrounding walls. all linked with 80 meters of Arduino controlled LED strips crisscrossing the exhibit and creating the web in microcosm.


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Books Published January 28, 2020
Here are all of the books we've reviewed that were published January 28, 2020. You can also view all of the books we've reviewed that were published anytime in January 2020.
#literary
by Peter Dabbene
"The Escapist" is a stunning novel about a damaged man. In David Puretz's unforgettable novel "The Escapist", a troubled young man is haunted by childhood trauma. Twenty-one-year-old Billy can't keep a job or a girlfriend. He's... Read More
#LGBTQ
The Wishbone Dress
by Michelle Anne Schingler
The poems of Cassandra J. Bruner's "The Wishbone Dress" are a torrent on the page, attesting to the traps and triumphs of womanhood, to the liberation of self-naming, and the peace and harmony that come from acknowledging that no two... Read More
#picturebooks
Saving the Countryside
by Pallas Gates McCorquodale
Visit the English countryside and discover the inspiration for Peter Rabbit and Benjamin Bunny in this biographical tale in which a young girl from the city becomes a wildly successful children's book author and illustrator, also... Read More
#religion
Welcoming Elijah
As night falls, a boy and his family gather together for a traditional Passover Seder. With wide eyes and an infectious smile, the boy shares all of his favorite activities and stories, illustrated in warm, candlelit scenes. Meanwhile,... Read More
#comicsandgraphicnovels
Sera and the Royal Stars
A young woman tries to save her people with the help of magical star-beings in Sera and the Royal Stars: Volume 1. After a battle against the forces of her uncle, who seeks to usurp her father's throne, Sera meets a supernatural being... Read More
#politicalscience
A Small Door Set in Concrete
by Kristine Morris
In "A Small Door Set in Concrete", Israeli activist Ilana Hammerman attests to the cruel and ever-worsening effects of the borders and policies that separate Israel and Palestine. Seeking new meaning after loss through travel, Hammerman... Read More
Clarion Reviews
Japanese Home Cooking
The NeuroGeneration
Cradled by Skeletons
My Brother's Name
Ratrigues and the Invisible Intelligence
The Loss of Innocence
A Woman's Guide to Cannabis
St. Christopher on Pluto


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Q: Create a new column based on max of column with dplyr I have a data.frame like the following:
 GROUP OGS valMax
1 Group1 A   81.5
2 Group1 B   87.1
3 Group1 C   66.2
4 Group2 D   7.2
5 Group2 E   5.3
6 Group2 F   10.1

I am trying to create new column "groupMax" by filling it with max of "valMax". The expected output is:
  GROUP OGS valMax groupMax
1 Group1 A   81.5  87.1
2 Group1 B   87.1  87.1
3 Group1 C   66.2  87.1
4 Group2 D   7.2   10.1
5 Group2 E   5.3   10.1
6 Group2 F   10.1  10.1

I did the following:
library(tidyverse)
library(magrittr)
df %>% group_by(GROUP) %>% mutate(groupMax = max(valMax))

The error I get is,

Error in mutate(groupMax = max(valMax)) : object 'valMax' not found

Is the data masking not working here?
Thanks in advance.

A: As Ronak suggests:
You can group_by GROUP and then mutate a new variable groupMaxwith max()function
library(dplyr)

# your data
df <- tribble(

  ~GROUP, ~OGS, ~valMax,
"Group1", "A", 81.5,
"Group1", "B", 87.1,
"Group1", "C", 66.2,
"Group2", "D", 7.2,
"Group2", "E", 5.3,
"Group2", "F", 10.1)

df1 <- df %>%
  group_by(GROUP) %>%
  mutate(groupMax = max(valMax))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Last month, Governor Brown signed California's Healthy Workplaces, Healthy Families Act of 2014. This new law takes effect on July 1, 2015 and will require all public and private employers, regardless of size, to provide sick leave to California workers. Employee who work more than 30 days a year in California, including part-time, temporary, exempt and non-exempt employees are covered by this law. There are several exceptions to this coverage, including home health care and air carrier employees and employees governed by collective bargaining agreements.
Under the new law, employees will accrue one hour of sick leave for every 30 hours worked. For full-time employees (2080 hours or work per year), this equates to about 69 hours, or just over eight days a year. If an employer has a paid leave or paid time off (PTO) policy that provides for at least 24 hours (three days) per year that may be used as sick leave, and otherwise complies with the new law, then no additional paid sick days have to be provided.
Covered employees may use sick leave for preventive care or an existing health condition for the employee himself or a family member (child, parent, spouse or registered domestic partner, grandparent, grandchild, or sibling), or for employees who are victims of domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking. An employee may use accrued paid sick days as early as on the 90th day of employment.
Unlike vacation, accrued, unused sick leave is not treated as vested wages that must be paid out upon termination along with other final wages. However, if an employee is rehired by the same employer within 12 months of separation, any accrued, unused sick leave must be reinstated.


Total Value for Low Price Point!
Amazing price point in South Austin! Well maintained 3/2 with a huge yard and beautiful trees for shade and privacy. Master suite on opposite side from additional beds and bath for added privacy. Vaulted ceiling in the living room provides open airy space. Lots of energy efficient updates and recent water heater replacement. New toilets, sinks, and disposal in 2013, some new light fixtures and ceiling fans. Fencing on both sides was new in 2015.


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Home > Blogs > Trish Vasseur > Blog-Home
Trish Vasseur - Your Newport County Realtor's Blog
By Trish Vasseur
My blog seeks to give the individual an in-depth picture of Aquidneck County and its towns of Portsmouth, Middletown and its city of Newport, while also seeking out potential buyers, sellers, tenants and landlords that could use my realtor's help in a home search.
Naval Station Newport - an Important Part of Newport's Community
Did you know that most WWII torpedos were made on Goat Island? Since the Revolutionary War, the United States Navy has played an important role on Narragansett Bay. At that time, the Bay was used as a haven for the Continental Navy. During the Civil War, the U.S. Naval Academy was moved from An...
Newport's The Breakers Mansion beckons Tourists
A visit to Newport, Rhode Island is not complete without a visit to The Breakers mansion. The Breakers, named for the breaking Atlantic waves it overlooks, is considered the most elaborate of Newport, Rhode Island's mansions, which were considered "summer cottages" for the wealthy at the turn ...
The Newport Restoration Foundation Helps Tourists Discover a Hidden Newport
Did you know that Newport has more than 300 pre-Revolutionary War era buildings still standing—more than any other city in the United States? Many tourists that visit Newport appreciate the history seen in its many houses and taverns, often taking one of the several guided walking tours to see th...
My First Six Months as a Realtor
You want what? When? No problem! I LOVE selling real estate! After spending years in the legal, financial and customer service fields, I never dreamed that I would be in such a fun, demanding, exasperating, rewarding, and all-consuming field as that of being a realtor. As is true for many of ...
Cliff Walk is Newport, Rhode Island's "Best Worst" Kept Secret
But did you know that it is 3.5 miles long? Most visitors to Newport have walked its "Cliff Walk," but how much did they really learn about it? Cliffwalk, in 1965, was designated the first New England a National Recreation Trail and runs from the east end of Bailey's Beach (locally known as "Re...
Refreshing Your Indoor Space - Can Spring be Far Behind?
What is the easiest project to spruce up your home? Being a busy realtor in Newport County, Rhode Island, I have an opportunity to see the inside of many homes - many that seem a bit tired after a few weeks indoors from the cold. Luckily, there are several changes homeowners and renters can mak...
Interesting Islands Around Newport, Rhode Island
Which island was used as an asylum for the poor?, and more fun facts. Newport County's own Aquidneck Island, home to the towns of Middletown and Portsmouth, and the city of Newport, originally was known as the Native American name, Pocasset. Though it is the largest island in Narragansett Bay,...
Newport, Rhode Island and Archaeology
Does Newport, Rhode Island have a connection to Egyptian tombs? Many people don't realize that one of the most famous Egyptologists of his time was Theodore Montgomery Davis, who developed his passion while in semi-retirement and living in Newport, Rhode Island. Davis is buried at Newport's Is...
Newport County's Norman Bird Sanctuary Will Hold Lunch Tours
The old farmhouse on the property of the Norman Bird Sanctuary on Third Beach Road in Middletown, Newport County, Rhode Island has been undergoing extensive renovations for the past several years. The Paradise Farmhouse, as it is called, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places ...
Pedicabs in Newport, Rhode Island
Pedicabs in Newport, Rhode Island are eco-friendly and a popular means of transportation in this tourist destination for locals and tourists, young and old, alike. Visitors from all over the world travel to Newport, whether it's to unwind, explore or play. Newport has its historic mansions, u...
Trish Vasseur
Newport County Realtor
809 Aquidneck Avenue Middletown, RI 02842
Call Me for 10+ Customer Service
Newport County, RI
Kent County, RI
Middlesex County, MA
Bristol County, RI
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Bristol County, MA
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Search for homes on my website


Get all 30 UrbanWorld Records releases available on Bandcamp and save 75%.
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William L. Lyon, Jr.
pugs78
1/ Today would've been the 100th birthday of William L. Lyon, Jr. – my dear father, Lyon family patriarch, inveterate tinkerer, lover of math & science tricks & puzzles, and a kind, humble, and generous man/nerd. And he kept the lights on for the City of El Paso. 🧵
2/ Daddy was born in 1922 and mostly raised in El Paso. His parents were a traveling salesman, ex National Guard Captain from Georgia and a college-educated teacher – a multi-generational Texan woman from Marfa. (I think his clothing got simpler after the depression hit)
3/ By the time he was in his teens, it was clear he suffered from "The Knack" –
insatiable curiosity, tinkering and building. Here he is at age 14 (1936) in a model airplane contest. (2nd from left, looks like a blue ribbon on his plane!)
4/ On his 96th birthday, his friend Tom presented him with a fully restored plane that my Dad and a friend first built and flew in 1937! It was radio-controlled! On-board tube receiver! 8 foot wingspan!
5/ In high school my Dad had a reputation as a smart-ass, mathematically gifted, and as a prankster. I know – I went to the same high school and there was still one of his teachers there!
6/ One reason Dad was "gifted" is that he borrowed textbooks from his older sister – the amazing Eleanor Lyon Duke (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_L…). He followed her to Texas College of Mines – now known as UTEP.
7/ College was interrupted by World War II. He enlisted in 1943, and after AT&T Communications training at @WUSTL – he shipped out to the South Pacific as a radio specialist. That's him with his best friend Steve who died in the war. Truly the greatest generation.
8/ After the war, Dad attended the University of Texas in Austin, where he was introduced to Verna Mae Orts by their respective roommates. He got his EE degree, she got a Journalism degree; they married and moved back to El Paso in 1948. (my parents on the left)
9/ Dad joined the El Paso Electric Company, where he was to work for the next 37 years until retirement. But for a while, he also had a side job repairing radio and television sets for people. (Here he is with some serious high voltage shit – check out the rubber gloves)
10/ My oldest brother was born 9 months to the day from my parents' wedding, and the kids kept coming. I am 1 of 9 siblings. My mother is a devout Catholic and my father was agreeable. Lots of business for Santa Claus!
11/ My Dad rose to be VP of System Operations at the Electric Company. He was literally keeping the lights on for the city. When there was an outage, he was on his way within minutes. Reddy Kilowatt was a part of the family.
12/ Sometime around 1966/7, the Electric Company was looking at process control computers. Dad took a trip to the IBM San Jose plant where they built the IBM 1800. He came home with a FORTRAN manual, which was eagerly devoured by the kids.
13/ The hardest I ever saw my Dad work was when he was figuring out whether El Paso Electric should invest in the Palo Verde Nuclear project. Huge *paper* spreadsheets and his trusty slide-rule on the dining table. Palo Verde is now the largest nuclear plant in the US.
14/ My Dad was still a prankster as an adult. During the '70s energy crisis, the Electric Company truck drivers were supposed to keep careful track of their miles-per-gallon. But my Dad and his buddies would mess with one guy by putting in or siphoning out gas from his truck!
15/ My Dad received @IEEEorg journals and the @sciam at home. He was a huge fan of Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games. Nerd heaven. My brother @blyon3 actually got a bubble-popping photo experiment published in the Amateur Scientist column.
16/ Daddy made a huge number of unusual toys, repurposing whatever broken things we had – a unicycle that he rode, an air cannon – big box + solenoid, a smoke-ring blowing machine, a light-following robot, etc. And he helped us with whatever crazy experiments we desired.
17/ Daddy retired in 1985. Here we are at my wedding in 1986. But he kept busy.
18/ Daddy volunteered at the Insights El Paso Science Museum, where he built and maintained a huge number of exhibits, including a 12 foot high huge and frightening Tesla coil!
19/ In later years, Dad spent a lot of time with a woodworking club, where they made huge numbers of toys for children in El Paso. And for his own grandkids.
20/ One of the mathy toys we always had around the house was the Soma Cube (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_cube) – a 4x4x4 puzzle. My Dad decided to build 5x5x5 sets for each of the 9 kids. Lots of work. My brother Dick's friend at Google finally found a solution using brute force.
21/ Daddy passed quietly at a ripe old 96 & 1/2 years, knowing he was well loved and had spawned a huge family of nerdy over-achievers. R.I.P. Daddy!
My Extended (Irreverent) Biography
The W.N.M.U. Computer Symposia
In "FORTRAN"
The Roots of UNIX for the IBM Mainframe (part 1)
In "UNIX"


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Welcome to the third week of our course on reinforcement learning and finance.
solve our problem of optimal option pricing and hedging.
given that we still discuss a model for a mark of decision process.
not assume that transition probabilities and the whole functions are known.
we first have to build an estimate a model of the world.
focus directly on our prime goal of optimal control.
the task may or may not involve the problem of building the model of the world first.
actually let us do things in the model independent way.
one of the most famous algorithms of reinforcement learning.
we will discuss its more practical version called Fitted Q Iteration.
directly within our MGP model of option pricing.
So, we will immediately see how they work in the financial setting.
you will implement these solutions and see how they work in practice.


Conroe, Texas, July 10, 2017 – Through a grant for $17,209.00, Susan G. Komen® Houston has again named Lone Star Family Health Center (LSFHC) as one of its funded partners and will help fund the Health Center's Project Pink program.
Project Pink provides breast health education, mammograms and diagnostic services to uninsured women in an effort to increase the number of cases of breast cancer detected early, when survival rates are better.
Komen Houston is one of more than eighty local Affiliates of the world's largest breast cancer organization, working in communities across the U.S. to meet the most critical needs. To help achieve Komen's goal to reduce current breast cancer deaths by 50 percent in the U.S. by 2026, Komen Affiliates fund innovative breast health projects that provide vitally needed breast cancer screening, diagnostic and treatment services and support, including patient navigation, education, medical supplies and financial assistance.


text:
Background Malaria is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa with considerable burden for
On April 28, 2017	by Evan Johnston	With	0 Comments	- RNA and Protein Synthesis
Background Malaria is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa with considerable burden for human being health. with both resistance alleles' and and alleles seems to increase the resistance levels to both carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and at operational level may represent an important danger to malaria vector control programs in Western Africa. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Vector control signifies one of the mainstay strategies for reducing the incidence of malaria [8]. Consequently in most of African countries the control of mosquito vectors is the only affordable measure for the fight against malaria [9 10 Traditional strategies aimed at tackling malaria have often focused on reducing human-mosquito contact with insecticide treated bed nets and interior residual spraying [11-16]. However the rapid increase in insecticide resistance in vector varieties is definitely jeopardizing the successfulness of the removal and eradication campaigns [17-22]. Insecticide Treated Nets [9] were shown to efficiently protect vulnerable populations Telcagepant from endemic countries [1 22 23 Until now pyrethroids are the only insecticide class recommended for treating mosquito nets because of their excito-repellent properties effectiveness at low-doses and good tolerance in humans and additional mammals [24]. ITNs have been used on a large scale in the last decade but pyrethroids resistance in anopheline mosquitoes were reported in all sub-Saharan Africa [25-29]. The two main mechanisms responsible for pyrethroids resistance are target site insensitivity known as knock down resistance resistance is caused by mutations in the sodium channel: leucine to phenylalanine substitution originally observed in Western Africa [31] and leucine to serine mutation in East Africa [32]. Recently a new mutation in the sodium channel associated with mutation conferring additional resistance to DDT and permethrin [33] was reported [34]. Experimental studies carried out in Southern Benin and in South Africa respectively with lambdacyhalothrin [33] on bednets and with deltamethrin [33] through interior residual house spraying [35] suggested that PYRs resistance may have contributed to the failure of vector control endeavours in these areas [21 35 As the main strategy for reducing malaria transmission is largely based Telcagepant on a limited quantity of insecticides [19] carbamates and organophosphates were suggested as potential alternate compounds to control pyrethroid-resistant populations [39-41]. Carbamates and organophosphates have shown a relatively good effectiveness in ITNs and IRS [42-45] with high mortality of pyrethroids-resistant [46] in C?te d'Ivoire [47]. However a particular concern for the use of carbamates and organophosphates is definitely that resistance to Telcagepant these insecticides is already present in some populations from Western Africa [29 48 Carbamates and organophosphates resistance is associated with the G119S target site mutation in gene causing insensitivity of the AChE1 enzyme to these insecticides and Rabbit polyclonal to PLAC1. to over-expression of detoxification enzyme [49 51 54 55 In and insecticide resistance alleles were found concomitantly distributed in natural populations of from Western Africa [29 35 37 52 56 57 Moreover some individuals were found transporting both resistant alleles and populations are becoming resistant to Telcagepant all classes of insecticides used in vector control strategies in Western Africa [29 58 59 A synergy between and alleles has been previously observed in [46] and individuals harboring both resistance alleles could appear phenotypically more resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates/organophosphates than those harboring only or resistance gene is associated with a high fitness cost in [60] and this fitness cost could be used for the development of insecticide resistance management strategies [61]. Earlier studies on showed that mosquitoes harboring both and resistant alleles showed enhanced fitness compared to the one transporting only [46]. The synergy between and resistant alleles Telcagepant could mainly impede the expected success of using carbamates/organophosphates as alternate or complementary insecticides in areas where mosquitoes carry the pyrethroids resistance mutation. This represents a serious danger to malaria control in the near future. In order to sustain the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control strategies the characterization of concomitant and resistance and connected pleiotropic effects on malaria vector phenotype is definitely relevantly important. In.
Rabbit polyclonal to PLAC1., Telcagepant