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Home Blog Legal Update from Saudi Arabia
Legal Update from Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's 2016 construction spending on development projects is projected to attain $229 billion, a 20% reduction from last year, with similar projections for 2017.1 To achieve these savings, projects must either being scaled back, cancelled or delayed. Priorities under Vision 2030 will include education, healthcare, science, technology, and e-governance.
With 30%+ of the workforce employed in infrastructure and construction, such substantial cutbacks in these sectors cannot fail to have a strong negative impact on the local economy.
New funding models that rely more heavily on private investment will include public-private partnership (PPP), already used in completing Madinah Airport last year and planned for the new Taif Airport.
The Saudi Tenders Regulations provide as follows:
"A Government Authority may increase the obligations of the contractor within the scope of the contract to an extent not exceeding 10% ten percent of the total value of the contract or decrease such obligations to an extent not exceeding 20% twenty percent. The Implementing Regulations shall set forth the necessary controls."2
Government agencies may under this provision reduce a contract's scope and price, though not unit prices. While government contractors may face rough waters, the economic transformation plan could also offer new opportunities in its widely discussed privatization and deregulation initiatives.
Foreign Investment License: "Investor" Status
The Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA), recently made a department under the Ministry of Commerce and Investment, consistent with Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's Vision 2030 agenda and in a departure from SAGIA's policy in recent years of cancelling licenses for individual investors, has issued guidelines for individual foreign investors to apply for "investor" status, similar to a U.S. green card.
Under the new guidelines, a foreign investor may qualify for "investor" status by satisfying one of the following criteria:
innovative and promising enterprise, with registered patent(s) for products to be produced in Saudi Arabia;
export of products meeting the standards of the Saudi, GCC or other international standards organizations;
50+ employees with commitment to 75% Saudiization ratio, with expatriates at 10% managerial/specialists and 15% workforce; or
SR37.5+ million capital.
Individual applicants must demonstrate technical proficiency, a college degree, no criminal or litigation record, 10+ years' experience and majority ownership of the entity applying for licensing.
These guidelines seem to be aimed at encouraging entrepreneurs to invest in Saudi Arabia. SAGIA is soliciting applications, and licensed individual foreign investors have been given a December, 2017 deadline to comply.
SAGIA's onerous requirements raise insuperable obstacles for many if not most likely investors; while Vision 2030 professes to favor foreign investment, SAGIA seems conflicted between the imperative to open doors and an institutional instinct to disqualify and control, to the detriment of hopes to create opportunities for Saudis. Despite extensive Saudiization initiatives, the Saudi labor force grew last year by only 46,000, the slowest in decades, while private sector Saudiization rates fell for the first time since 2011.
While nominally creating a regional free trade area, GAFTA's tariff preferences in non-GCC Arab countries are more a matter of case-by-case negotiation with local government agencies, such as Customs, than broadly recognized or enforced principles.
Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)
As member in the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA), Saudi Arabia is at least in theory subject to its:
Executive Program on Facilitating and Developing Inter-Arab Trade for Establishing a Pan-Arab Free Trade Area (http://www.bilaterals.org/?arab-free-trade-area-agreement),
Agreement to Facilitate and Develop Trade Among Arab States, and
Regulation of Dispute Resolution and Detailed Rules of Origin for Arab Goods, collectively providing as follows:
Rules and principles: goods produced with 40%+ value added in a member state are treated as national for rules of origin, specifications, measurements, health and security safeguard requirements and tax purposes.
Trade liberalization: intent to reduce customs duties and taxes.
Non-tariff barriers: assure exemption from non-tariff trade restrictions. o Disputes: may be referred to a committee for resolution.
Discussion: While nominally creating a regional free trade area, GAFTA's tariff preferences in non-GCC Arab countries are more a matter of case-by-case negotiation with local government agencies, such as Customs, than broadly recognized or enforced principles. As with the Kingdom's commitments under the WTO, application of GAFTA has in many instances been honored largely if not exclusively in the breach.[/x_columnize]
Foreign Missions: Sovereign Immunity from Legal Actions
Based on the 1961 Vienna Convention, foreign diplomatic and other official missions in Saudi Arabia are obliged to "respect" host state law.
At the same time, the Labor High Court has held that "embassies in Saudi Arabia are subjects of their own States, immune from the jurisdiction of Labor Committees over disputes between them and their employees."1
This means that while the relations between Embassies and their non- diplomatic employees are subject to Saudi Labor Law, disputes may only be resolved directly with the Embassy, or under procedures applied in that Embassy's home jurisdiction, not before the Saudi labor courts.
For this reason, claims by non-diplomatic personnel against embassies may only be addressed directly with the embassy, or under whatever procedures their home jurisdictions allow.
Some embassy employees have filed claims against their embassy employers in the Saudi labor court; when this happens, the correct procedure is for the court to refer the matter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which notifies the Embassy of the claim, and essentially defers to the Embassy to resolve matters as it deems fit.
Discussion. While courts in other jurisdictions do in many cases accept jurisdiction over claims by non-diplomatic employees against embassies and other official missions of foreign states, the Saudi labor courts recognize the sovereign immunity of embassies in such matters, and defer first to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and then to the embassy itself in resolving such claims in accordance with their own internal or national procedures for claims against the state. While this approach is consistent with the principle of sovereign immunity and spares foreign missions the potential embarrassment of accountability to the host country's courts, it also places employees of foreign missions at the mercy of their employers in addressing labor claims. Fortunately many if not most countries do their best to conform their policies to local law as required under the Vienna Convention, and offer reasonable and fair procedures for resolving employment disputes against government employers in their home jurisdictions.
Marriage on Hajj/Umrah Visas
Saudis courts may issue marriage certificates to foreign visitors on normal visit visas, though not to foreign visitors on hajjorumrah visas. Some Saudi courts however, perhaps in ignorance of the restriction, have issued marriage certificates to visitors who have then sought to use them in support of applications to join their newly-contracted "spouses" in Europe.
Discussion. Some would-be asylum seekers from countries in distress like Syria or Libya have sought to short circuit normal asylum screening procedures in European countries of refuge by contracting fictitious marriages in some cases for hire, to benefit fromgenerous family reunion policies. In such cases, the validity of Saudi marriage certificates issued to foreign nationals married on hajj and umrah visas may become an important issue in the country of intended asylum.
Host countries in these cases often seek to verify the legitimacy of unions so contracted, given the potential for abuse. Since such marriage certificates are invalid under the Resolution, European host countries are in evaluating spousal refugee applications entitled to view these as invalid, and deny asylum sought on this basis.
Work Visas for Syrians
Syrians 18 – 60 years old living in Saudi Arabia may now apply for six-month work permits through the Labor Ministry's electronic portal, and work for companies other than their sponsors under the ajeer system.
Discussion. As a frontline state committed to promoting a favorable outcome to the Syrian civil war, the Kingdom offers not only refuge but also employment access to highly talented Syrian and other refugees. Syrian physicians in particular play a key role in Saudi healthcare, and Syrian professionals generally contribute strongly to the local economy.
http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/881866
Wage Protection System
The MoL has progressively enforced a wage protection system requiring salaries of local staff to be paid from the employer's to the employee's local Saudi bank account. While the system initially applied only to larger companies, under current Labor Law as amended all companies are now obliged to comply, subject topenalties in the event of labor inspection.
Discussion. While ostensibly intended to ensure that workers are properly paid in accordance with their contracts, the wage protection system could also ensure payment of rumored personal income taxes, andencourage expatriates to retain and spend their salarieslocally.
MuqeemCards
Since last October, the muqeem card as replaced the iqama as the official identity card for expatriates in the Kingdom. While the card is valid for five years, it must to continue in effect be renewed annually online by the sponsor.
Muqeem cards are upon online application delivered by Saudi Post, eliminating the need to visit official offices.
Discussion. The new system for issuance and renewal of residence visas is an example of a broader e-government initiative to simplify regulatory licensing and renewals, reducing red tape for local and foreign investors alike.
Shoura Council Considers Water Rate Increases
In considering consumer complaints over utility rate increases, the Shoura Council is studying a Ministry of Water and Electricity report on its 50% tariff increase for water and sanitation services to government, industrial and commercial clients, which went into effect last December.
Discussion. Plummeting oil prices and resulting fiscal deficits dictate radical remedies, including meaningful rate increases for utilities to reduce spending on current high subsidies; Vision 2030 seeks to address budget shortfalls by increasing rates for water, power, gas and other utilities, a politically sensitive issue in a culture long accustomed to widespread subsidies. Protests have however been modest, in the context of a generally favorable response to the government's plan to adjust to new market and economic realities. The Saudi Economic Transformation can be expected to further address these imbalances, including reduction or elimination of subsidies, along with imposition of new taxes.
1. [Faithful+Gould report.]↩
2. [Saudi Government Procurement Law, Royal Decree No. M/58, 4/9/1427, Art. 36.]↩


About us - Multifill B.V.
Multifill is specialized in developing, processing, filling, packing and shipment of non-food liquids. We have a focus on cleaning and personal care products.
Multifill produces "private labels" for various companies and chains, but also manufactures for various brand owners. This is done for both the retail channel as well as the BtB market. Multifill is ISO 9001, ISO 14001 (2015) and cGMP/ ISO 220716 certified. We strive to operate as a true partner to our customers, making sure that Multifill adds value to your business.


Taught corrsepondence students in various centers of Jain Vishwa Bharati University in different states of India.
110 camps of Preksha Meditation.
150 camps of Science of Living.
15 Teenagers' workshops of Education & Moral development. 20 Adult workshops on "Life skills & Moral Development".
15 Senior Citizens' workshops on "Life's Importance".
5 workshops for teachers on "A good teacher".
10 workshops for married couple on "Happy living".
Participated in Sarva Dharm Sammelan at Bhuvneshwar, India.
Participated in Sarva Dharm Sammelan at Balangir, India.
Delivered lectures at Bhutoria College, Bangladesh.
Delivered lectures at Paryushan Celebration, Singapore.
Delivered lectures at B.Ed College, Biratnagar, Nepal.
Delivered more than 200 lectures in various states of India.
USA, Singapore, Bhutan, Bangladesh, many states of India.


The reason why Magnus was unable to be at last night's Impact Wrestling tapings was due to a passport or via issue, which forced him to be late for the tapings. According to F4Wonline, he ended up arriving to the arena later in the evening. He will appear on the following week's episode.
The issue won't affect him in the future, and he is scheduled to appear at this weekend's TNA live events in Maryland and Virginia.


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> question you might have about our test.
tree, made according to your spec.
1.6 Ghz laptop, running Ubuntu Dapper.
publishing process (0.5 ms or so, likely not a big problem).


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Bunkhouse Brewery
Category : Activities , Breweries , Live Music , Places , Tasting Room
The Bunkhouse Brewery is committed to bringing back some of the old brewing conventions, making beer with both purpose and passion. We choose our beer varieties with an eye to Montana's brewing heritage.
Because traditions and community matter. For Bunkhouse Brewing it's more than just a slogan. They are committed to bringing back some of those old brewing conventions, making beer with both purpose and passion.
There's also a Montana tradition of giving back to your community. Maybe it comes from our hard winters, where folks pitch in to shovel each other out of drifts and lend a hand without a word being spoken. At the Bunkhouse they are committed to that tradition.
What do a sixth-generation Montanan and a pilot from the Midwest have in common? Beer, obviously. But the story behind that common love has a single point of origin: Germany.
Both of the founders of Bunkhouse Brewing developed their appreciation for good beer in Germany with about twenty years and under thirty miles between where they were. One of them lived in what was then West Germany in the early 1980s, while the other lived there after the fall of the Berlin Wall and Reunification, but as fate would have it they lived within thirty miles of each other (a village called Winnweiller for one and Ramstein for the other…both communities had their own breweries).
The beers of Germany are rich and varied, just like the food (anyone who tells you Germans live on wurst and sauerkraut obviously never left the airport food court), especially in the region between the Mosel and Rhein rivers. In Germany just about every village has a brewery of some sort, and you can spend many days taking the train from one village to the next sampling the local brew in the gasthaus which is always attached to any small brewery. Where both founders lived it was a quick jump from the wheat beers of central Germany to the rich and flavorful dark beers of Bavaria and a bit of a jog north to the pilsners of northern Germany. During the Cold War the Czech pilsners were hard to come by, but one of the founders did sample them in the post-Communist era.
1216 West Lincoln Street
staff@thebunkhousebrewery.com
bunkhousebrewery.com/
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you are interested in an artwork and are considering buying it, please send me an email via the contact page.
Maybe I can give advice on color, the size of the work and the combination of interior and artwork.
You can also look under the heading "shop" as you are able to buy a piece/ detail of an artwork in circulation. I have selected details of my own artworks. 20 copies of every detail can be reproduced.
This can be done on paper or on plexiglass and in 2 sizes. A paper edition is personally signed by me. The plexiglass is also signed on the back and comes with a declaration of authenticity.


One gem elegantly hangs from a dainty chain, giving these Hillary Earrings nice movement. Light and playful. Perfect during the day or for a night out.
Choose from your metal & favorite gemstone.
Hillary Earrings hang at 1.75" L x 1"W.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Quaternionic analysis can be regarded as a higher-dimensional generalization of the classical theory of holomorphic functions of one complex variable. It is particularly adequate to treat three- and four-dimensional structures. Meanwhile this theory has developed into an extensive mathematical theory having connections with boundary value problems and partial differential equations theory or other fields of physics and engineering (see e.g. \cite{GS1989,GS1997,KS1996,K2003,ShapiroVasilevski11995,ShapiroVasilevski21995} and elsewhere).

It is truly uncommon that a paper that has been set aside for almost a century finds its way back to scientific spotlight. Yet this is exactly what happened in the last decade to the short paper of H. Bohr that was published in 1914 \cite{HBohr1914}. As a matter of fact, in the last decade much effort has been put on the treatment of multi-dimensional analogues and other generalizations of Bohr's theorem. We highlight the contributions by S. Dineen and R. Timoney \cite{DineenTimoney1991}, H. Boas and D. Khavinson \cite{HD1997}, L. Aizenberg \cite{Aizenberg2000,Aizenberg2005}, L. Aizenberg, A. Aytuna, and P. Djakov \cite{AAD2000}, L. Aizenberg and N. Tarkhanov \cite{AAD2001}, V. Paulsen, G. Popescu, and D. Singh \cite{VGD2002}, C. Beneteau, A. Dahlner, and D. Khavinson \cite{BDK2004}, H. Kaptanoglu and N. Sadik \cite{KaptanogluSadik2005}, H. Kaptanoglu \cite{Kaptanoglu2006}, among others. The reference list does not claim to be complete and further references can be found in \cite{Kaptanoglu2006} and in the book \cite{KresinVladimir2007}. Note that first results on a higher dimensional counterpart of Bohr's theorem were recently obtained in the context of quaternionic analysis in \cite{GueJoao22007,GueJoaoBohr2} and \cite{JoaoThesis2009}. These first results show the possibility to generalize this theorem for monogenic functions in the unit ball of the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^3$ but the quality of the results was not satisfying. The values of the Bohr radius were very weak and the related inequality could only be proved in balls of radius $1/2$.

An effective way of proving Bohr's phenomenon in the complex case usually needs to establish some estimates of the Fourier coefficients of the holomorphic function by the first Fourier coefficient. This idea was also applied in the three-dimensional case in some recent papers by using properties of a convenient system of homogeneous monogenic polynomials, deeply exploited in \cite{JoaoThesis2009}; but see also Lemma \ref{Fouriercoeff} below. Another key idea in \cite{AAD2000} and \cite{AAD2001} was to use functions with positive real part and obtain a related inequality. This method has similarities with the well known Borel-Carath\'eodory's inequality. In fact, Borel-Carath\'eodory-type inequalities for Laurent series and multiple power series were essential ingredients in establishing the Bohr phenomenon in \cite{KaptanogluSadik2005} and \cite{Aizenberg2005}. Here, and analogously to the original formulation of Bohr's theorem, we consider the first approach. The present paper is restricted to the case of monogenic functions defined in the unit ball of $\mathbb{R}^3$ with values in the reduced quaternions (identified with $\mathbb{R}^3$). This class of functions coincides with the solutions of the well known Riesz system and shows more analogies to complex holomorphic functions than the more general class of quaternion-valued monogenic functions.

The paper is organized as follows. After a short Section 2 on notations, we present in Section 3 an orthonormal polynomial system of homogeneous monogenic polynomials defined in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with values in the reduced quaternions. Based on this system we find better estimates for the Bohr radius than in \cite{GueJoao22007} and \cite{GueJoaoBohr2}. Moreover, we use the results in Section 5 to establish estimates of the Euclidean norm of the (hypercomplex) derivative of a monogenic function $f$ by its supremum norm in the unit ball and $f(0)$.

\section{Basic notions}

In what follows we will work in $\mathbb{H}$, the skew field of quaternions. This means we can write each element $\textbf{a} \in \mathbb{H}$ in the form
\begin{eqnarray*}
\textbf{a}=a_0 + a_1 \textbf{e}_1+a_2 \textbf{e}_2+a_3 \textbf{e}_3, \, a_i \in \mathbb{R}, \, i=0,1,2,3
\end{eqnarray*}
where the imaginary units $\textbf{e}_i$ ($i=1,2,3$) stand for the elements of the basis of $\mathbb{H}$, subject to the multiplication rules
\begin{eqnarray*}
&& \textbf{e}_1^2 = \textbf{e}_2^2 = \textbf{e}_3^2 = -1, \\
&& \textbf{e}_1 \textbf{e}_2 = \textbf{e}_3 = - \textbf{e}_2 \textbf{e}_1, \,\,\,\,\,
\textbf{e}_2 \textbf{e}_3 = \textbf{e}_1 = - \textbf{e}_3 \textbf{e}_2, \,\,\,\,\,
\textbf{e}_3 \textbf{e}_1 = \textbf{e}_2 = - \textbf{e}_1 \textbf{e}_3 .
\end{eqnarray*}
In this way the quaternionic algebra arises as a natural extension of the complex field $\mathbb{C}$. We further denote by $\mathcal{A} := {\rm span}_{\mathbb{R}}\{1,\mathbf{e}_1,\mathbf{e}_2\} \subset \mathbb{H}$ the space of reduced quaternions $\mathbf{x} := x_0 + x_1 \textbf{e}_1 + x_2 \textbf{e}_2$, which will be identified with $\mathbb{R}^3$. As a matter of fact, throughout the text we will often use the symbol $x$ to represent a point in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $\mathbf{x}$ to represent the corresponding reduced quaternion. Also, we emphasize that $\mathcal{A}$ is a real vectorial subspace, but not a sub-algebra, of $\mathbb{H}$. The scalar of $\mathbf{x}$ is defined by $\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{x})=x_0$ and the vector part by $\textbf{Vec}(\mathbf{x}):=\underline{x}=x_1 \mathbf{e}_1 + x_2 \mathbf{e}_2$. Like in the complex case, the conjugate of $\mathbf{x}$ is the reduced quaternion $\overline{\mathbf{x}} = x_0 - x_1 \mathbf{e}_1 - x_2 \mathbf{e}_2$. The norm of $\mathbf{x}$ is given by $|\mathbf{x}| = \sqrt{\mathbf{x} \overline{\mathbf{x}}}=\sqrt{x_0^2+x_1^2+x_2^2}$, and coincides with its corresponding Euclidean norm, as a vector in $\mathbb{R}^3$.

\medskip

Let $\Omega$ be an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^3$ with a piecewise smooth boundary. It is evident that a reduced quaternion-valued function or, briefly, an $\mathcal{A}$-valued function is a mapping $\mathbf{f} : \Omega \longrightarrow \mathcal{A}$ which can be written as
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathbf{f}(x) = [\mathbf{f}(x)]_0 + [\mathbf{f}(x)]_1 \textbf{e}_1 + [\mathbf{f}(x)]_2 \textbf{e}_2, \,\,\, x \in \Omega,
\end{eqnarray*}
where $[\mathbf{f}]_i$ $(i=0,1,2)$ are real-valued functions defined in $\Omega$. Properties such as continuity, differentiability,
integrability, and so on, are ascribed coordinate-wise. We further introduce the real-linear Hilbert space of square integrable $\mathcal{A}$-valued functions defined in $\Omega$, that we denote by $L_2(\Omega;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$. The real-valued inner product is defined by
\begin{eqnarray} \label{InnerProduct}
<\mathbf{f},\mathbf{g}>_{L_2(\Omega;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})} \, = \int_{\Omega}\;{\textbf{Sc}}({\overline{\mathbf{f}}\,\mathbf{g}) \, dV} \,,
\end{eqnarray}
where $dV$ denotes the Lebesgue measure in $\mathbb{R}^3$. This $\mathbb{R}$-valued inner product appeared for example in \cite{Davis1963} in the context of complex vector spaces, in \cite{GS1989} for spaces of quaternion-valued functions and it was also considered in \cite{BDS1982} for spaces of Clifford algebra-valued functions.

For continuously real-differentiable functions $\mathbf{f}:\Omega \longrightarrow \mathcal{A}$, the differential operator
\begin{eqnarray*}
D = \frac{\partial}{\partial x_0} + \textbf{e}_1\,\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1} + \textbf{e}_2\,\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}
\end{eqnarray*}
is called generalized Cauchy-Riemann operator on $\mathbb{R}^3$ and it plays a central role in the sequel. In fact, note that
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Delta_3 \mathbf{f} = D \overline{D} \mathbf{f} = \overline{D} D \mathbf{f},
\end{eqnarray*}
whenever $\mathbf{f} \in C^2$, where $\Delta_3$ is the $3$-dimen\-sional Laplace operator and
\begin{eqnarray*}
\overline{D} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x_0} - \textbf{e}_1\,\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1} - \textbf{e}_2\,\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}
\end{eqnarray*}
is the conjugate generalized Cauchy-Riemann operator.

The main objects in quaternionic analysis are the so-called monogenic functions which are the null-solutions of the operator $D$. More precisely, a continuously real-differentiable $\mathcal{A}$-valued function $\mathbf{f}$ in $\Omega$ is called monogenic in $\Omega$ if it satisfies the equation $D\mathbf{f}=0$ in $\Omega$.

\begin{Definition} {\rm (Hypercomplex derivative, see \cite{GueMal1999,MitelmanShapiro1995,Sud1979})}
Let $\mathbf{f}$ be an $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function in $\Omega$. The expression $(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{f}$ is called hypercomplex derivative of $\mathbf{f}$ in $\Omega$.
\end{Definition}

\begin{Definition} {\rm (Hyperholomorphic constant)}
An $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function $\mathbf{f}$ with an identically vanishing hypercomplex derivative is called hyperholomorphic constant.
\end{Definition}

\begin{Remark}
We observe that any monogenic $\mathcal{A}$-valued function is two-sided monogenic. This means that it satisfies simultaneously the equations $D\mathbf{f}=\mathbf{f}D=0$, which are equivalent to the system
\begin{eqnarray*}
(R) \,\,\, \left\{ \begin{array} {ccc}
{\rm div} \hspace{0.1cm} \overline{\mathbf{f}} &=& 0 \\
{\rm curl} \hspace{0.1cm} \overline{\mathbf{f}} &=& 0
\end{array}\right..
\end{eqnarray*}

As is well known, the system $(R)$ is called Riesz system \cite{Riesz1958}. It clearly generalizes the classical Cauchy-Riemann system for holomorphic functions in the complex plane.
\end{Remark}

Following \cite{Leutwiler2001}, the solutions of the system (R) are called (R)-solutions. The subspace $L_2(\Omega; \mathcal{A}; \mathbb{R})\cap \ker D$ of polynomial (R)-solutions of degree $n$ is denoted by $\mathcal{M}^+(\Omega;\mathcal{A};n)$. In \cite{Leutwiler2001}, it is shown that the space $\mathcal{M}^+(\Omega;\mathcal{A};n)$ has dimension $2n+3$. We denote further by $\mathcal{M}^+(\Omega;\mathcal{A}):=L_2(\Omega;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$ the space of square integrable $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic functions defined in $\Omega$ and by $B := B_1(0)$ the unit ball in $ \mathbb{R}^3$ centered at the origin.

\section{Special homogeneous monogenic polynomials as solutions of the Riesz system in $\mathbb{R}^3$}

It has been shown in \cite{GueJoaoComplexVariables} that there exists a set of special $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic polynomials
\begin{eqnarray} \label{HMP}
\{ \mathbf{X}^{l,\dagger}_n, ~ \mathbf{Y}^{m,\dagger}_n : \, l=0,\ldots,n+1, \, m=1,\ldots,n+1 \},
\end{eqnarray}
which is preserving almost all properties of the powers of $z$ with positive exponent as we will see in the following list. In particular, it is shown that the system is analogous to the complex case of the Fourier exponential functions $\{e^{i n \theta}\}_{n \geq 0}$ on the unit circle and constitutes an extension of the role of the well known Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials. The explicit expressions of the mentioned polynomials are given shortly by
\begin{eqnarray*}
&& \mathbf{X}^{l,\dagger}_n(x) \, := \, |x|^n \left\{\frac{(n+l+1)}{2}  P^l_n \left(\frac{x_0}{|x|}\right) \,
T_l \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \right. \\
&+& \frac{1}{4} P^{l+1}_n \left(\frac{x_0}{|x|}\right) \left[ T_{l+1} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_1
+ \frac{x_2}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}} \, U_l \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_2 \right] \\
&+& \left. \frac{1}{4} (n+l+1)(n+l) P^{l-1}_n \left(\frac{x_0}{|x|}\right) \left[
- T_{l-1} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_1\right.\right.\\
&+& \left.\left.\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}} \, U_{l-2} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_2 \right] \right\}
\end{eqnarray*}
and
\begin{eqnarray*}
&& \mathbf{Y}^{m,\dagger}_n(x) \, := \, |x|^n \left\{\frac{(n+m+1)}{2}  P^m_n \left(\frac{x_0}{|x|}\right) \frac{x_2}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}} \, U_{m-1} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \right. \\
&+& \frac{1}{4} P^{m+1}_n \left(\frac{x_0}{|x|}\right) \left[ \frac{x_2}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}} \,
U_m \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_1 - T_{m+1} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_2 \right] \\
&-& \left. \frac{1}{4} (n+m+1)(n+m) P^{m-1}_n \left(\frac{x_0}{|x|}\right) \left[ \frac{x_2}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}} \, U_{m-2} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_1\right.\right. \\ &+&
\left.\left. T_{m-1} \left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}}\right) \mathbf{e}_2 \right] \right\}.
\end{eqnarray*}

Here, $P^l_n$ stands for the associated Legendre functions of degree $n$, $T_l$ and $U_l$ are the Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kinds, respectively. For a more unified formulation we remind the reader that whenever $l=0$ the corresponding associated Legendre function $P^0_n$ coincides with the Legendre polynomial $P_n$, the associated Legendre function $P^{-1}_n$ is defined by $P^{-1}_n = - \frac{1}{n(n+1)} P^1_n$, and $P^l_n$ are the zero function for $l \geq n+1$. The fundamental references for these polynomials and their properties are \cite{JoaoThesis2009} and \cite{GueJoaoComplexVariables}. The same system was already introduced in \cite{DissCacao} using another approach but without discussing the connections to the Chebyshev polynomials.

In detail, in \cite{JoaoThesis2009} and \cite{GueJoaoComplexVariables} the following properties have been proved:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The functions $\mathbf{X}^{l,\dagger}_n, \mathbf{Y}^{m,\dagger}_n$ are homogeneous monogenic polynomials;
\item Homogeneous monogenic polynomials of different order are orthogonal in $L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$;
\item $\mathbf{X}^{l,\dagger}_n(0) = \mathbf{Y}^{m,\dagger}_n(0) = \mathbf{0}$ for each $n= 1,\dots$;
\item The scalar parts of the basis functions form an orthogonal system;
\item The coordinates of the basis functions are mutually orthogonal in $L_2(B)$;
\item The gradients of the scalar parts of the basis functions are mutually orthogonal in $L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$;
\item The gradients of the scalar, $\mathbf{e}_1$ and $\mathbf{e}_2$-parts of the basis functions are mutually orthogonal in
$L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$;
\item For $n \geq 1$, we have $(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{X}_n^{l,\dagger} = (n+l+1) \mathbf{X}_{n-1}^{l,\dagger}$ $(l=0,\ldots,n)$ and $(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger} = (n+m+1) \mathbf{Y}_{n-1}^{m,\dagger}$ $(m=1,\ldots,n)$, i.e., the hypercomplex differentiation of a basis function delivers a multiple of another basis function;
\item The polynomials $\mathbf{X}^{n+1,\dagger}_n$ and $\mathbf{Y}^{n+1,\dagger}_n$ are hyperholomorphic constants.
\end{enumerate}

\medskip

The main results in Sections 4 and 5 need a series of technical preparations. As a matter of fact, in the following we will start by stating pointwise estimates of the basis polynomials (see \cite{GueJoaoComplexVariables}). We end this section by presenting an orthogonal decomposition for square integrable $\mathcal{A}$-monogenic functions, a fundamental tool on the development of the last sections.

\begin{Proposition} \label{modulusHMP}
For $n \in \mathbb{N}_0$ the homogeneous monogenic polynomials $(\ref{HMP})$ satisfy the following inequalities:
\begin{eqnarray*}
|\mathbf{X}^{l,\dagger}_n(x)| & \leq & \frac{1}{2} (n+1) \sqrt{\frac{(n+1+l)!}{(n+1-l)!}} \, |x|^n \\
|\mathbf{Y}^{m,\dagger}_n(x)| & \leq & \frac{1}{2} (n+1) \sqrt{\frac{(n+1+m)!}{(n+1-m)!}} \, |x|^n,
\end{eqnarray*}
for $l=0,\ldots,n+1$ and $m=1,\ldots,n+1.$
\end{Proposition}

\medskip

We shall denote by $\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}, \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}, \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}$ $(m=1,\ldots,n+1)$ the normalized basis functions $\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger}, \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger}, \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger}$ in $L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$. From \cite{JoaoThesis2009} we take the following result.

\begin{Lemma} \label{ONSArbitraryBall}
For each $n$, the set of homogeneous monogenic polynomials
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left\{ \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}, \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}, \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}: ~ m = 1,...,n+1 \right\}
\end{eqnarray*}
forms an orthonormal basis in $\mathcal{M}^+(B;\mathcal{A};n)$. Consequently,
\begin{equation} \label{ONS}
\left\{\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}, \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}, \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}, ~ m =
1,\ldots,n+1; n=0,1,\ldots \right\}
\end{equation}
is an orthonormal basis in $\mathcal{M}^+(B;\mathcal{A})$.
\end{Lemma}

Based on the complete orthonormal system $(\ref{ONS})$ the Fourier series of $\mathbf{f}$ with respect to the referred system in $\mathcal{M}^+(B;\mathcal{A};n)$ is defined by
\begin{eqnarray} \label{FourierSeries}
\mathbf{f} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left[ \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast} a_n^0 + \sum_{m=1}^{n+1}
\left(\mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} a_n^m + \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} b_n^m \right) \right],
\end{eqnarray}
where for each $n \in \mathbb{N}_0$, $a_n^0, a_n^m, b_n^m \in \mathbb{R}$ $(m=1,\ldots,n+1)$ are the associated (real-valued) Fourier coefficients.

Using the fact that the polynomials $\mathbf{X}_n^{n+1,\dagger}$ and $\mathbf{Y}_n^{n+1,\dagger}$ are hyperholomorphic constants (see Property 9 above), in \cite{GueJoaoBohr2} it is proved that each $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function can be decomposed in an orthogonal sum of a monogenic "main part" of the function $(\mathbf{g})$ and a hyperholomorphic constant $(\mathbf{h})$.

\begin{Lemma} {\rm (Decomposition Theorem)} \label{Tdecomposition}
A function $\mathbf{f} \in \mathcal{M}^+(B;\mathcal{A})$ can be decomposed into
\begin{eqnarray} \label{decomposition}
\mathbf{f} := \mathbf{f}(0) + \mathbf{g} + \mathbf{h},
\end{eqnarray}
where the functions $\mathbf{g}$ and $\mathbf{h}$ have the Fourier series
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathbf{g}(x) &=& \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}(x) a_n^0 + \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left[
\mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} (x) a_n^m + \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}(x) b_n^m \right] \right) \\
\mathbf{h}(\underline{x}) &=& \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left[ \mathbf{X}_n^{n+1,\dagger,\ast}(\underline{x}) a_n^{n+1}
+ \mathbf{Y}_n^{n+1,\dagger,\ast}(\underline{x}) b_n^{n+1} \right] .
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{Lemma}

\section{Bohr's phenomenon}

After the above preparations, we are now ready to study Bohr's phenomenon using the previous Fourier expansion. We begin with the simple case of monogenic functions with $\mathbf{f}(0)=\mathbf{0}$. This first version of a quaternionic Bohr type inequality was considered initially by the authors in \cite{GueJoao22007}, the Bohr radius was calculated and it was shown that for $r<0.047$ the desired inequality is satisfied. The main purpose of this first paper was to check only whether this theorem could be extended into the context of quaternionic analysis. It is interesting to note that the results on the Bohr radius depend essentially on the choice of the Fourier expansion in the proof, and consequently yield on the pointwise estimates of the homogeneous monogenic polynomials.
The following combination of Proposition \ref{modulusHMP} and Corollary 10 in \cite{GueJoao22007} refines the value of Bohr radius in \cite{GueJoao22007}.

\begin{Corollary}
Let $\mathbf{f}$ be a square integrable ${\mathcal A}$-valued monogenic function with $\mathbf{f}(0)=\mathbf{0}$ and $|\mathbf{f}(x)|<1$
in $B$ and let
\begin{eqnarray*}
\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left[ \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast} a_n^{0}
+ \sum_{m=1}^{n+1} \left( \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} a_n^{m} + \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} b_n^{m} \right) \right]
\end{eqnarray*}
be its Fourier expansion. Then
\begin{eqnarray*}
\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left| \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast} a_n^{0}
+ \sum_{m=1}^{n+1} \left( \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} a_n^{m} + \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} b_n^{m} \right)\right|<1
\end{eqnarray*}
holds in the ball $\{x: |x|=r<0.125\}$.
\end{Corollary}
\begin{proof}
The proof is analogous to the one of Theorem 4 from \cite{GueJoao22007} with the estimates stated in Proposition \ref{modulusHMP}.
\end{proof}

Before we deal with the generalization of the latter inequality to a more general class of monogenic functions let us recall the  complex situation. The absolute value is taken from all summands of the same degree $n$. In the complex case this is also a first important step. All the considered functions with $f(0)=0$ are orthogonal to the constants. This property can be used to estimate all Fourier coefficients of a general holomorphic function with $|f(z)| \le 1$ by the first Fourier coefficient (see, e.g., \cite{VGD2002}). In the quaternionic context the previous arguments have to be modified since the set of ''constants'' is much bigger. Consequently, for our purposes we repeat here the arguments from \cite{GueJoaoBohr2} with appropriate modifications and amplifications. If we understand constants as monogenic functions which have an identically vanishing hypercomplex derivative, then it is immediately clear that the constant function and all monogenic functions which depend only on $x_1$ and $x_2$ are the hyperholomorphic constants. Moreover, if we, as in this paper, consider only $\mathcal{A}$-valued functions then a non-trivial hyperholomorphic constant can  have values only in $\mbox{span}_\mathbb{R}\{{\bf e_1, e_2}\}$. With these observations it seems to be natural to extend Bohr's phenomenon to all monogenic functions with $|\mathbf{f}(x)|<1$ in $B$ which are orthogonal to the subspace of the non-trivial hyperholomorphic constants in $L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})$. This approach is also supported by the fact that it is shown in Lemma \ref{Tdecomposition} that each monogenic function can be decomposed in an orthogonal sum of a monogenic "main part" of the function and a hyperholomorphic constant.

In the following we state a collection of inequalities related to Bohr's phenomenon. All these results follow from the fundamental property of the system (\ref{HMP}) that the scalar parts of the basis functions are also orthogonal.

\begin{Lemma} \label{Fouriercoeff}
Let $\mathbf{f}$ be an $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function such that $\mathbf{f}(x)-\mathbf{f}(0)$ is orthogonal to the hyperholomorphic constants with respect to the real-inner product $(\ref{InnerProduct})$ with $|\mathbf{f}(x)|<1$ in $B$. Then its Fourier coefficients with respect to $(\ref{FourierSeries})$ satisfy the following inequalities
\begin{eqnarray*}
|a_n^{l}| &\leq& \max_{B} |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_n^{l,\dagger})| \frac{\|\mathbf{X}_n^{l,\dagger} \|_{L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})}}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_n^{l,\dagger}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2} \, 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} \left(2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} - a_0^0\right) \\
|b_n^{m}| &\leq& \max_{B} |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger})| \frac{\|\mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger} \|_{L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})}}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2} \, 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} \left(2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} - a_0^0\right),
\end{eqnarray*}
for $l=0,...,n$ and $m=1,...,n$.
\end{Lemma}

Lemma \ref{Fouriercoeff} allows us to deduce the following theorem as a refinement of Theorem 11 in \cite{GueJoaoBohr2}.

\begin{Theorem}
Let $\mathbf{f}$ be an $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function such that $\mathbf{f}(x)-\mathbf{f}(0)$ is orthogonal to the hyperholomorphic constants with respect to the real-inner product $(\ref{InnerProduct})$ with $|\mathbf{f}(x)|<1$ in $B$ and let
\begin{equation*}
\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left[ \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast} a_n^{0} + \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left( \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} a_n^{m}
+ \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} b_n^{m} \right) \right]
\end{equation*}
be its Fourier expansion. Then
\begin{equation*}
\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left[ |\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}| |a_n^{0}| + \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left( |\mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}| |a_n^{m}| + |\mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}| |b_n^{m}| \right) \right] < 1
\end{equation*}
holds in the ball of radius $r$, with $0 \leq r <0.026$.
\end{Theorem}
\begin{proof}
For the proof see Theorem 11 from \cite{GueJoaoBohr2} together with the estimates stated in Proposition \ref{modulusHMP}.
\end{proof}

If we compare Corollary 4.1 and Theorem 4.1 it becomes visible that we discussed two different generalizations of Bohr's theorem. In the case of Corollary 4.1 we collect all summands of degree $n$ and take then the modulus and in Theorem 4.1 we take the modulus of each single summand. Both ways generalize the complex case but lead to very different estimates of the Bohr radius.

\section{Extensions of Bohr's inequality}

The above scheme can be also applied to the hypercomplex derivative of $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic functions. By the next assertion we obtain an estimate for $|(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{f}|$ in terms of $|\mathbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\}|$ and the supremum of $|\mathbf{f}(x)|$ on $B$. A starting point for the following investigation is that $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic functions satisfy a maximum principle. Therefore, the function
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(r) = \sup_{|\xi| < r} |\mathbf{f}(\xi)|, \,\,\,\,\,\, 0 \leq r < 1
\end{eqnarray*}
is well defined, monotonically increasing whenever $\mathbf{f}$ is non-constant and continuous. We shall also introduce the notation
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathcal{M}(\mathbf{f},r) = \max_{|x| = r} |\mathbf{f}(x)|, \,\,\,\,\,\, 0 \leq r < 1.
\end{eqnarray*}
This function of $r$ is called the maximum modulus function of $\mathbf{f}$.

\begin{Theorem} \label{EstimatesDerivatives}
Let $\mathbf{f}$ be a square integrable $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function in $B$. Then, for $0\leq r< 1$ we have the inequality
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathcal{M}\left((\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{f},r\right) \, \leq \, \frac{8 (3r+1)}{(1-r)^5} \left(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - |\mathbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\}| \right).
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{Theorem}
\begin{proof}
If $\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1)=\infty$ then the statement of the theorem is obviously satisfied. If  $\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1)<\infty$ then we consider $\mathbf{f}$ written as in $(\ref{decomposition})$, take into account the maximum modulus principle and obtain
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left|(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{f}(x)\right| \, = \, \left|(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{g}(x)\right|.
\end{eqnarray*}

We start by writing $\mathbf{g}$ as Fourier series
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathbf{g} \, = \, \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left[ \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast} a_n^0 + \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left( \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} a_n^m + \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} b_n^m \right) \right] ,
\end{eqnarray*}
where for each $n \in \mathbb{N}_0$, $a_n^0, a_n^m, b_n^m \in \mathbb{R}$ $(m=1,...,n)$ are the associated Fourier coefficients. Since the referred series is convergent in $L_2(B)$, it converges uniformly to $\mathbf{g}$ in each compact subset of $B$. The series of all partial derivatives also converges uniformly to the corresponding partial derivatives of $\mathbf{g}$ in compact subsets of $B$.

Applying the hypercomplex derivative $\frac{1}{2}\overline{D}$ to the series, using Property 8 of the basis polynomials, and taking the modulus it follows formally
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left|(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{g}(x) \right| &\leq&
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \sqrt{2n+3} \, n |x|^{n-1} \left[ \sqrt{n+1} |a_n^0| \right. \\
&+& \left. \sum_{m=1}^{n-1} \sqrt{\frac{(n+1)^2-m^2}{n+1}} \left( |a_n^m| + |b_n^m| \right) \right].
\end{eqnarray*}

The main idea of the proof is to find relations between the general Fourier coefficients and $\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - |\textbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\}|$. By construction, the associated Fourier coefficients are real-valued and it becomes clear that the scalar part of $\mathbf{f}$ is given by
\begin{equation*}
\textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{f}) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left\{ \textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_{n}^{0,\dagger,\ast}) a_n^0
+ \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left[ \textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_{n}^{m,\dagger,\ast}) a_n^m + \textbf{Sc} (\mathbf{Y}_{n}^{m,\dagger,\ast})
b_n^m \right] \right\}
\end{equation*}
and, since the scalar parts of the basis polynomials are homogeneous, the value of $\textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{f})$ at the origin is equal to
\begin{eqnarray*}
\textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{f})(0) &=& \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left\{ \textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_{n}^{0,\dagger,\ast})(0) a_n^0 \right.\\
&+& \left. \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left[ \textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_{n}^{m,\dagger,\ast})(0) a_n^m + \textbf{Sc} (\mathbf{Y}_{n}^{m,\dagger,\ast})(0) b_n^m \right] \right\} \, = \, \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{\pi}} a_0^0.
\end{eqnarray*}

Without loss of generality we assume that $\textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{f})(0)$ is positive (otherwise we work with
$-\textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{f})$). Multiplying both sides of the expression
\begin{eqnarray} \label{equation}
\textbf{Sc} (\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{f}) = \mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \textbf{Sc} (\mathbf{f})
\end{eqnarray}
by the homogeneous harmonic polynomials (see Property 4)
\begin{eqnarray*}\label{solidsphericalharmonics}
\{\textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}), \textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast}), \textbf{Sc}(\mathbf{Y}_{n}^{m,\dagger,\ast}) : m=1,...,n\}
\end{eqnarray*}
and integrating over $B$, we get the desired relations. For simplicity we just present the proof for the coefficients of $\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast}$, i.e, $a_n^0$. In particular, multiplying both sides of $(\ref{equation})$ by $\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast})$ $(k = 1,...)$ and integrating over the
ball, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray*}
 \int_{B} \mathbf{Sc} (\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{f}) \mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast}) dV = - \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n^0 \int_{B} \mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast})
\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast}) dV \\
{\Longleftrightarrow} -a_k^0 = \frac{1}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2 }
\int_{B} \mathbf{Sc} (\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{f}) \mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast}) dV.
\end{eqnarray*}

We shall relate now the integral on the right-hand side of the previous equality with $\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - |\textbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\}|$. Applying the modulus in the previous equation it follows
\begin{eqnarray*}
|a_k^0| &\leq& \frac{1}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2}
\int_{B} |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{f})| |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast})| dV \\
&\leq& \frac{1}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast})\|_{L_2(B)}^2} \max_{B}
|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger,\ast})| \int_{B} \mathbf{Sc} (\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{f}) dV \\
&=& \max_{B} |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger})| \frac{\|\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger} \|_{L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})}}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{0,\dagger}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2} \, \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\} \right).
\end{eqnarray*}

The last step follows from the relation
\begin{eqnarray*}
2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} \mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - a_0^0 &=& 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} \mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) \,
- <\mathbf{X}_0^{0,\dagger,\ast},\mathbf{f} >_{L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})} \\
&=& 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}} \mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) \, - \int_{B} \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{\pi}} ~ \mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{f})
dV \\
&=& \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{\pi}} \int_{B} \mathbf{Sc} (\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{f}) dV.
\end{eqnarray*}

Accordingly, we have found the desired relations for the coefficients $a_k^0$. The remaining coefficients $a_k^m$ and
$b_k^m$ $(m=1,...,k)$ are obtained in a similar way. We can then state the following results:
\begin{eqnarray*}
|a_k^p| &\leq& \max_{B} |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{p,\dagger})| \frac{\|\mathbf{X}_k^{p,\dagger} \|_{L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})}}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{X}_k^{p,\dagger}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2} \, \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\} \right)
\end{eqnarray*}
\begin{eqnarray*}
|b_k^p| &\leq& \max_{B} |\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{Y}_k^{p,\dagger})| \frac{\|\mathbf{Y}_k^{p,\dagger} \|_{L_2(B;\mathcal{A};\mathbb{R})}}{\|\mathbf{Sc}(\mathbf{Y}_k^{p,\dagger}) \|_{L_2(B)}^2} \, \frac{4 \pi}{3} \left(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\} \right),
\end{eqnarray*}
for $p=1,...,k$. In addition, the norms estimates of the basis polynomials (see \cite{DissCacao}) and of their corresponding scalar parts (see \cite{GueJoaoBohr2}) can be used for a simplification of the previous inequalities. Finally, with some extensive calculations we obtain
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left|(\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \mathbf{g}(x)\right| \, \leq \, \frac{4}{3} \left(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{f}}(1) - \mathbf{Sc}\{\mathbf{f}(0)\} \right) \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} |x|^{n-1} n^2 (n+1) (n+2).
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{proof}

Theorem \ref{EstimatesDerivatives} has a number of interesting corollaries. In the following, we state one of them.

\begin{Corollary}
Let $\tilde{\mathbf{f}}$ be a square integrable $\mathcal{A}$-valued monogenic function in $B$ orthogonal to the non-trivial hyperholomorphic constants with respect to the real-inner product $(\ref{InnerProduct})$. Then, for $0\leq r< 1$ we have the inequality
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mathcal{M}\left((\frac{1}{2} \overline{D}) \tilde{\mathbf{f}},r\right) \, \leq \, \frac{8 (3r+1)}{(1-r)^5} \left(\mathcal{M}_{\tilde{\mathbf{f}}}(1) - |\tilde{\mathbf{f}}(0)| \right).
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{Corollary}
\begin{proof}
Let $\mathbf{f}$ be written as Fourier series
\begin{eqnarray*}
\tilde{\mathbf{f}} \, = \, \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left[ \mathbf{X}_n^{0,\dagger,\ast} a_n^0 + \sum_{m=1}^{n} \left( \mathbf{X}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} a_n^m + \mathbf{Y}_n^{m,\dagger,\ast} b_n^m \right) \right] ,
\end{eqnarray*}
where for each $n \in \mathbb{N}_0$, $a_n^0, a_n^m, b_n^m \in \mathbb{R}$ $(m=1,...,n)$ are the associated Fourier coefficients. At first, notice that in the previous series the sum which contains the variable $m$ runs now only from $1$ to $n$. This fact expresses the supposed orthogonality to the hyperholomorphic constants $\mathbf{X}^{n+1,\dagger}_n, \mathbf{Y}^{n+1,\dagger}_n$. Also, we recognize from the structure of the series that $\tilde{\mathbf{f}}(0)$ is real.
\end{proof}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Learn to make the handle of a mallet by watching this simple tutorial.
This video series hopes to help you get started on adopting woodworking as a profession.
With your mallet head and handle ready, you are now ready to fit together. Continue to watch How to Make a Mallet - Part Three.
Watch the Video How to make a Mallet Part 1.
If you have followed How to Make a Mallet part 1, you can now proceed to make the handle of the Mallet.
The handle of the mallet requires a long strip of straight-grained wood.
Step 1 -Trimming the Handle.
Start by marking 2cm at the top of the strip with a ruler.
Draw a line on the mark using a Trysquare.
This 2cm section of the handle will protrude from the top of the mallet's head.
Now, place the head on the handle below the 2cm mark and trace the base of the head onto the handle using a pencil.
Use a Trysquare to draw a line upon the mark.
Mark the point where the taper ends, about two cms below the base of the head.
Trace a line along the mark with the Trysquare.
Set the Marking Gauge to 1 cm and scribe a line along either side of the handle, highlighting it with a pencil.
This measurement will depend on the dimensions of the workpiece and the width of that handle you are comfortable holding.
Here, we are trimming a 5cm wide strip of wood down to 3 cms.
Scribe and highlight the 1cm lines on the opposite side as well as the end grain.
With the endgrain facing up, fix the handle on the vice and saw down the 1 cm lines to the point where the taper begins.
Now, turn the piece over to either side and saw off the 1 cm waste strips of wood.
Use a plane to smooth down the side of the handle.
A spokeshave and chisel can be used to reach all the way to the shoulder of the cut.
Step 2 - Tapering the Wedge.
Place the handle on the workbench.
Use a ruler and marking knife to connect the corners of both shoulders to their respective ends of the 2cm line that marks the top of the head.
Use a pencil to highlight the lines.
Fix the handle on the vice and start paring the side down to create the taper where the handle will be wedged into the head.
The taper can be made uniform by using a plane and spokeshave.
Ensure consistency using a ruler.
Flip the piece over and repeat the same process on the opposite side as well.
Now that the basic dimensions of the handle and head are ready, you can create the through-mortise that holds the two pieces together.
For the remaining steps, continue watching How to Make a Mallet Part 3.
Watch the Video How to make a Mallet Part 3.


Live polling services allow visualization of other user's positions. The service regularly contacts a webserver which replies with the user's positions. On mobile platforms the polling services pauses when the application is in background and automatically resumes when it gets active again.


text:
Category Archives: Africa Movie Academy Awards
Award-Winning 'Kwaku Ananse' To Premiere in Ghana
June 16, 2013 by cinekenya
'Kwaku Ananse' has been making rounds on the international film scene and now the creative retelling of a fable about a part man part spider is finally making its way home to premiere in Ghana.
On Thursday, 4th July 2013, at 8pm, join AMAA award-winning film director, Akosua Adoma Owusu of Obibini Pictures, at one of Accra's most notable venues, Alliance Française, for the screening of 'Kwaku Ananse'. Attendees of the premiere will have an opportunity to meet and greet the stars of the film, Koo Nimo and Grace Omaboe. Guests will also enjoy an evening filled with Anansesem (spider tales) featuring a live music concert by the living legend Koo Nimo, Kyekyeku, and This House Is Not For Sale.
In her latest film, Kwaku Ananse, starring legendary Palm wine musician Koo Nimo, pioneering actress Grace Omaboe, and singer Jojo Abot; Owusu tells a unique and deeply personal story weaving it with a semi-autobiographical thread while preserving Ghanaian mythology. 'Kwaku Ananse' was Ghana's sole winning film at the 2013 Africa Movie Academy Awards where it was awarded the prize for Best Short Film. In addition, to earning recognition at prestigious institutions around the world including Berlinale Film Festival, Cannes Short Film Corner, and most recently at the French Film Academy's Golden Nights Panorama program for the World's Best Short Films of the year.
Posted in Africa Movie Academy Awards, African Folklore, Berlinale Festival, Cannes Film Festival, Fantasy, Ghana, Short Film | Tagged Akosua Adoma Owusu, Cannes Short Film Corner, female film directors, Golden Nights Panorama program, Grace Omaboe, Jojo Abot, Koo Nimo, Kwaku Ananse, Kyekyeku, Lisa Cortes | 1 Comment |
KWAKU ANANSE Gets Nomination at 2013 African Movie Academy Awards
April 12, 2013 by cinekenya
Akosua Adoma Owusu, Ghanaian director and writer of the acclaimed short film Kwaku Ananse (which Ciné Kenya featured here), is thrilled to have her first narrative short nominated by the Africa Movie Academy Awards. "At its inception, I struggled to find a Ghanaian audience that would value our traditional story in contemporary cinema," says Owusu, "it's truly humbling Kwaku Ananse received the AMAA nomination. "
Kwaku Ananse was commissioned by Focus Features, as part of their prestigious Africa First Award Program, and supported by the Sarah Jacobson Grant, Art Matters grant, and a well-received IndieGogo Campaign. The short film is a re-telling of the classic West African fable with a semi-autobiographical twist, featuring her uncle, Ghana's legendary palm wine musician, Koo Nimo as Kwaku Ananse. Owusu received this award after gaining international attention with her short films, Drexciya and Me Broni Ba, as well as from her work within the art world at the famed Studio Museum in Harlem. Me Broni Ba, specifically, screened at over 80 international film festivals and was later acquired for distribution by The Cinema Guild.
Photo credit: Yaanom Multimedia
Combined with the unique co-production efforts of acclaimed Mexican producer, Julio Chavezmontes (Sundance New Frontier "Halley") and Lisa Cortes (Executive Producer for Academy Award Winning "Precious"), Kwaku Ananse premiered in competition at the prestigious Berlinale Film Festival, as part of the Golden Bear competition, and was met with rave reviews. Says the Guardian Nigeria,
"If Nollywood was absent at the Berlinale, Ghana was not. Akosua Adoma Owusu gave Ghana something to cheer about at the Berlinale."
View trailer:
Between travelling internationally to screen her acclaimed works, and hustling to acquire the funding needed to propel everything forward, Owusu is working hard to both further her own dreams and inspire other African filmmakers that they, too, can do the same. Recently awarded the Most Promising Filmmaker prize at Ann Arbor Film Festival and named in the Huffington Post of "Top 30 Black Contemporary Artists Under 40", she's certainly paving the way to do both and is thrilled that Kwaku Ananse, is preserving a piece of Ghanaian mythology and is being so well-received by international audiences.
Contact: Sumie Garcia
Email: kwakuanansefilm@gmail.com
Posted in Africa Movie Academy Awards, African Folklore, Awards, Drama, Ghana, Short Film | Tagged African filmmakers, Akosua Adoma Owusu, Ghana, Kwaku Ananse, short film | 2 Comments |


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Home NRC Library Document Collections Enforcement Documents Significant Enforcement Actions Reactor Licensees
Page Last Reviewed/Updated Tuesday, August 18, 2015
EA-02-142 - Peach Bottom 2 & 3 (Exelon Generation Co., LLC)
Mr. John L. Skolds
President and CNO
Exelon Nuclear
Exelon Generation Company, LLC
4300 Winfield Road
Warrenville, IL 60555
SUBJECT: FINAL SIGNIFICANCE DETERMINATION FOR GREEN AND WHITE FINDINGS AND A NOTICE OF VIOLATION AT PEACH BOTTOM (NRC Inspection Report 50-277/02-07; 50-278/02-07)
Dear Mr. Skolds:
The purpose of this letter is to provide you with the final results of our significance determination for two findings identified during an inspection completed on July 1, 2002. The findings involved emergency preparedness activities at Peach Bottom. The inspection findings were assessed using the significance determination process and were preliminarily characterized as White, findings with low to moderate importance to safety, which may require additional NRC inspections. The results of the inspection were discussed with Mr. Jay Doering and other members of your staff at exit meetings on June 25, 2002 and July 1, 2002.
The first finding involved an inadequate critique of a February 14, 2002 emergency preparedness exercise. Specifically, the critique did not identify that key information needed by the Emergency Director (ED) to classify the simulated event as a General Emergency was not provided to the ED by members of the Emergency Response Organization (ERO). The finding was preliminarily classified as White because the critique failed to identify a problem associated with the implementation of a risk significant planning standard. The second finding involved an undue delay by the shift manager in declaring an Alert on June 2, 2002, after carbon dioxide discharged into an emergency diesel generator room. This finding was also preliminarily classified as White because it involved a failure to implement a risk significant planning standard. These preliminary White findings were also associated with apparent violations of 10 CFR 50 Appendix E and 10 CFR 50.47.
In a letter dated July 19, 2002, the NRC transmitted the inspection report and provided you an opportunity to either request a regulatory conference to discuss these findings, or explain your position in a written response. At your request, a Regulatory Conference was held on August 23, 2002, at the Region I Office in King of Prussia, PA. A copy of the handout you provided at the conference has been entered in the NRC's document system (ADAMS) and is accessible from the Public NRC Library, accession number ML022680034. You also provided a written response dated September 4, 2002.
During the conference and in your response, you did not agree with the NRC's preliminary assessment of these issues as White. Regarding the first finding (inadequate critique), you contend that, while the exercise critique was inadequate in some respects, the risk significant planning standard was met because the declaration of a General Emergency during the exercise was timely and appropriate. We have carefully reviewed the information you provided during the conference and in your response dated September 4, 2002. We have concluded that the critique problems were more than minor but the issuance of a White finding is not appropriate because the inadequate critique did not result in a failure to identify a risk significant planning standard (RSPS) problem. The exercise was not adequately monitored and consequently the critique did not identify all relevant weaknesses and performance lapses. In that regard, the NRC continues to maintain, despite the views you have provided on this specific point, that crew performance lapses in communicating reactor water level information to the ED were relevant to the ED's responsibilities in classifying the event. Specifically, information that reactor water level had gone below the top of the fuel should have been provided to shift management and the ED to be considered in conjunction with contemporaneous changes in plant radiological conditions that were being interpreted. Nonetheless, the NRC concludes that, even without the reactor water level information, the ED made a proper classification of General Emergency Conditions in an acceptable time frame. Hence, the critique inadequacies did not involve failures to identify problems with any RSPS and are properly classified as a Green issue.
The Green finding is also a violation of 10 CFR 50, Appendix E, IV.F.2.g. However, because of its very low safety significance and because it was entered into your corrective action program, the NRC is treating it as a non-cited violation in accordance with Section VI.A.1 of the NRC's Enforcement Policy. The NRC expects that you would incorporate into your review of this matter, the NRC feedback, as described above. If you deny the non-cited violation, you should provide a written response with the basis for the denial, within 30 days of the date of this letter, to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, ATTN: Document Control Desk, Washington, D.C. 20555-0001; with copies to the Regional Administrator, Region I, the Director, Office of Enforcement, and the NRC Resident Inspector at the Peach Bottom facility.
With respect to the second issue (untimely declaration of an Alert, during an actual event), your staff contended that the risk significant planning standard was met because your emergency classification system was in use, the proper classification was made, and the delay by the shift manager in declaring the Alert had no impact, noting that the delay did not significantly compromise Exelon's ability to notify State and local authorities and meet related regulatory requirements. In addition, you noted that the delay was captured as an unsuccessful opportunity by your drill and exercise performance indicator. Therefore, you contend that this performance deficiency should be a Green finding. You further argued that even if this issue did involve a failure to meet a risk significant planning standard, the finding should be downgraded because: (1) there was no impact on public health and safety; (2) the carbon dioxide was confined to one emergency diesel generator room; (3) safe plant operation was maintained throughout the event; and (4) there was no increase in core damage frequency because the event screened out of the mitigating system and fire protection significance determination processes (SDPs). You also stated that the NRC's preliminary assessment of this finding as White is inconsistent with previous similar events at other facilities.
The NRC acknowledges that: (1) the delay by the shift manager in properly classifying this event as an Alert had no impact on actions to protect public health and safety; (2) the delay did not significantly compromise your ability to notify State and local authorities and meet related regulatory requirements once the declaration was made 31 minutes after the event; (3) no regulatory requirement exists for Peach Bottom to classify within 15 minutes, and as such, we are not imposing a new or different interpretation of regulatory requirements; and (4) the delay was captured as an unsuccessful opportunity by your drill and exercise performance indicator. However, the NRC concludes that your emergency classification system was not properly used during the event. After completing safety actions, as appropriate, (i.e., personnel accountability and ensuring safe plant conditions), the shift manager did not carry out his responsibilities to review emergency action levels, classify the event, and assume the duties of the ED. Rather, for about 8 minutes, the shift manager was engaged in non-emergency response related issues implementing an administrative procedure for calling your corporate duty officer in order to inform licensee senior management of plant conditions. This administrative procedure is not a part of the Emergency Plan or its implementing procedures. Furthermore, the sequence of steps in this administrative procedure requires entry into the Emergency Plan and its implementing procedures for applicable events prior to such notifications. Consequently, the event classification system was not properly in use for a period of time, and the classification of the event was unnecessarily delayed. It appears that a knowledge deficiency contributed to this problem, in that personnel on shift were not sufficiently expert in the emergency action levels (EALs) to quickly associate the event, a carbon dioxide discharge to the diesel generator building, with the correct EAL Category (toxic gas).
You also indicated at the conference that the shift manager's notification to the corporate duty officer can be a means for mobilizing corporate support. The NRC does not take issue with this contention. However, as you stated at the conference, this method of amassing help should not take precedence over response actions of your ERO, as required by NRC regulations and your emergency plan.
With respect to your position that the core damage frequency did not increase or that the event screened out of the mitigating system and fire protection SDPs, that contention has no bearing on the emergency preparedness SDP. Per the emergency preparedness SDP (during an actual event), significance is based on the event classification level, and whether or not there was a failure to implement a risk significant planning standard. During the time period noted above, the shift manager exhibited a performance deficiency that involved a failure to implement a risk significant planning standard during an Alert condition. Such a finding is considered White in accordance with IMC 0609, Appendix B, and has low to moderate importance to safety.
We also reviewed the five cases that you referenced in your letter dated September 4, 2002, concerning late declarations at other facilities. None of these examples were inconsistent with NRC policy or the emergency preparedness SDP. For two of these cases, green non-cited violations were issued because an Unusual Event was declared late in one case and not at all in the second case, which is consistent with the emergency preparedness SDP. The third case did not meet an Unusual Event EAL, and therefore, did not result in a violation. In the fourth case, the fire lasted less than 10 minutes, which did not necessitate declaration of an Alert. In the fifth case, an Alert declaration was made within the time allotted by the EALs after the licensee recognized that a fire could not be extinguished.
Accordingly, after careful consideration of the information provided during the Regulatory Conference and in your response letter, the NRC concludes, based on the above, that this inspection finding is appropriately characterized as White, an issue with low to moderate importance to safety, which may require additional NRC inspections. You have 10 business days from the date of this letter to appeal the staff's determination of the significance for the identified White finding. Such appeals will be considered to have merit only if they meet the criteria given in NRC Inspection Manual Chapter 0609, Attachment 2. In addition, the White finding is associated with a violation as cited in the enclosed Notice of Violation. While the NRC agrees with your contention that your procedure does not specifically require you to classify the event in 15 minutes, your procedures were nonetheless violated as described in the enclosed Notice. In accordance with the NRC Enforcement Policy, NUREG-1600, this Notice of Violation is considered escalated enforcement action because it is associated with a White finding.
You are required to respond to this letter and should follow the instructions specified in the enclosed Notice of Violation when preparing your response. Because plant performance for this issue has been determined to be in the regulatory response band, we will use the NRC Action Matrix to determine the most appropriate NRC response for this event. We will notify you, by separate correspondence, of that determination.
In accordance with 10 CFR 2.790 of the NRC's "Rules of Practice," a copy of this letter and its enclosure will be available electronically for public inspection in the NRC Public Document Room or from the Publicly Available Records (PARS) component of NRC's document system (ADAMS). ADAMS is accessible from the NRC Web site at the Public NRC Library.
/RA/
Hubert J. Miller
Docket No. 50-244
License No. DPR-18
Enclosure: Notice of Violation
cc w/encl:
Senior Vice President, Mid-Atlantic Regional Operating Group
President and CNO, Exelon Nuclear
Vice President, Mid-Atlantic Operations Support
Senior Vice President, Nuclear Services
Site Vice President, Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station
Plant Manager, Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station
Vice President - Licensing and Regulatory Affairs
Director, Licensing, Mid-Atlantic Regional Operating Group
Director, Nuclear Oversight
Regulatory Assurance Manager - Exelon Generation Company, LLC
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
D. Quinlan, Manager, Financial Control, PSEG
R. McLean, Power Plant Siting, Nuclear Evaluations
D. Levin, Acting Secretary of Harford County Council
R. Ochs, Maryland Safe Energy Coalition
Mr. & Mrs. Dennis Hiebert, Peach Bottom Alliance
Mr. & Mrs. Kip Adams
R. Janati, Chief, Division of Nuclear Safety
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Correspondence Control Desk
TMI - Alert (TMIA)
Peach Bottom Township Board of Supervisors
R. Fletcher, Department of Environment, Radiological Health Program
J. Johnsrud, National Energy Committee, Sierra Club
Public Service Commission of Maryland, Engineering Division
Manager, Licensing - Limerick and Peach Bottom
Peach Bottom Units 2 and 3 Docket No. 50-277; 50-278
License No. DPR-44, DPR-56
During an NRC inspection conducted between April 1, 2002 and July 1, 2002, a violation of NRC requirements was identified. In accordance with the "General Statement of Policy and Procedure for NRC Enforcement Actions," (Enforcement Policy), NUREG-1600, the violation is listed below:
10 CFR 50.54(q) requires, in part, that a licensee authorized to operate a nuclear power reactor shall follow and maintain in effect emergency plans which meet the standards in Section 50.47(b). 10 CFR 50.47(b)(2) requires, in part, that on-shift facility licensee responsibilities for emergency response are unambiguously defined, and adequate staffing to provide initial facility accident response is maintained at all times. 10 CFR 50.47(b)(4) requires, in part, that a standard emergency classification and action level scheme is in use by the nuclear facility licensee.
The Exelon Nuclear Emergency Response Plan for Peach Bottom sets forth, among other things, on-shift facility licensee responsibilities for emergency response (in accordance with 10 CFR 50.47(b)(2)), and delineates the standard emergency classification and action level scheme in use by the licensee (in accordance with 10 CFR 50.47(b)(4)). Section 2.0 of this Emergency Response Plan states, in part, that the classification system provided in Emergency Response Procedure (ERP)-101, provides for implementation of certain actions immediately applicable to a specific condition, and indicates that the Emergency Director determines the emergency classification and the actions to be taken.
Emergency Response Procedure (ERP)-101, "Classification of Emergencies," delineates licensee emergency response responsibilities in accordance with 10 CFR 50.47(b)(2), as well the emergency action level scheme in accordance with 10 CFR 50.47(b)(4). Sections 1.0 and 2.0, require, in part, that shift management recognize and classify an event or condition, and assume the duties of Emergency Director who shall: (1) select categories appropriate for station events or conditions; (2) review emergency action levels for categories selected; and (3) classify the event based on selected categories and most severe emergency action levels. Section 8.2.2.b specifies that an ALERT emergency action level is met when there is report or detection of: 1) toxic gases within Plant Vital Structures (Table 8-1) in concentrations that will be life threatening to plant personnel; OR 2) flammable gases within Plant Vital Structures (Table 8-1) in concentrations affecting the safe operation of the plant. Table 8-1 lists the Diesel Generator Enclosure as a Plant Vital Structure.
Contrary to the above, on June 2, 2002, the standard emergency classification and action level scheme was not properly used by the operations crew. Specifically, at 12:31 a.m., a condition occurred that warranted an ALERT declaration in accordance with ERP-101 when the fire suppression system inadvertently discharged carbon dioxide, a life threatening gas, into the No. 3 emergency diesel generator room, a plant vital structure. After the shift manager completed actions to assure safe plant conditions and personnel accountability, the shift manager did not then carry out his responsibility to review emergency action levels, classify the event and assume the duties of Emergency Director. In particular, between 12:39 a.m. and 12:47 a.m., the shift manager was engaged in non-emergency response related activities implementing an administrative procedure for calling the licensee's corporate duty officer in order to inform licensee senior management of plant conditions. As a result, there was an undue delay in properly classifying the event and the ALERT classification was not made until 1:02 a.m.
This violation is associated with a WHITE significance determination process finding.
Pursuant to the provisions of 10 CFR 2.201, Exelon is hereby required to submit a written statement or explanation to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, ATTN: Document Control Desk, Washington, DC 20555 with a copy to the Regional Administrator, Region I, and a copy to the NRC Resident Inspector at the facility that is the subject of this Notice of Violation (Notice), within 30 days of the date of the letter transmitting this Notice. This reply should be clearly marked as a "Reply to a Notice of Violation; EA-02-142" and should include: (1) the reason for the violation, or, if contested, the basis for disputing the violation or significance, (2) the corrective steps that have been taken and the results achieved, (3) the corrective steps that will be taken to avoid further violations, and (4) the date when full compliance will be achieved. Your response may reference or include previously docketed correspondence, if the correspondence adequately addresses the required response. If an adequate reply is not received within the time specified in this Notice, an order or a Demand for Information may be issued as to why the license should not be modified, suspended, or revoked, or why such other action as may be proper should not be taken. Where good cause is shown, consideration will be given to extending the response time.
If you contest this enforcement action, you should also provide a copy of your response, with the basis for your denial, to the Director, Office of Enforcement, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001.
Because your response will be made available electronically for public inspection in the NRC Public Document Room or from the Publicly Available Records (PARS) component of NRC's document system (ADAMS), to the extent possible, it should not include any personal privacy, proprietary, or safeguards information so that it can be made available to the public without redaction. ADAMS is accessible from the NRC Web site at the Public NRC Library. If personal privacy or proprietary information is necessary to provide an acceptable response, then please provide a bracketed copy of your response that identifies the information that should be protected and a redacted copy of your response that deletes such information. If you request withholding of such material, you must specifically identify the portions of your response that you seek to have withheld and provide in detail the bases for your claim of withholding (e.g., explain why the disclosure of information will create an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy or provide the information required by 10 CFR 2.790(b) to support a request for withholding confidential commercial or financial information). If safeguards information is necessary to provide an acceptable response, please provide the level of protection described in 10 CFR 73.21.
Dated this 26th day of November 2002


ARE WE CRAZY FOR BRINGING MORE PEOPLE INTO THE WORLD?
I have a lot of friends that don't want to have kids.
Some of them might change their minds in the future, they are still young and nowadays people are becoming parents later on in life. But you know what?
I think most of them won't change their minds. They are determined and confident and they are doing great things in life that fulfill them. They don't seem to feel the urge to bring other humans into the world.
I know they don't mean any harm, but sometimes their comments and posts about their decision to avoid parenthood rub me the wrong way. Why? Well, because I'm a mom. Not only that, but I'm also someone who shifted her lifestyle and career completely since becoming a parent. And although I love my son with all my heart, when I read all the reasons why people don't want to have kids, a shade of doubt grows in my heart. Am I too selfish to be a good mom? Am I raising my son in a world that is falling apart? Can I really give him a good life? Is he going to be a person who will bring positive things into the world? Am I losing myself in motherhood?
These are hard questions. I could ignore those voices in my mind and just look at my son in his amazing innocence and beauty, but I would be denning a party of my self and that's never good. I think it's worth to sit with these thoughts and feel the feelings all the way.


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Home » 7 Ways to Improve Your Diversity Recruiting Strategy
7 Ways to Improve Your Diversity Recruiting Strategy
Many companies strive to make diversity a priority when it comes to talent acquisition. Improving diversity through recruitment efforts takes a careful plan with strategies to help attract top talent that can both meet diversity goals while also maximizing productivity within the workforce. Diversity recruiting is a specialized method of talent acquisition that may meet both of these goals.
What Is Diversity Recruiting?
To achieve greater diversity in the workplace, companies must carefully match needs with compliance. More companies are striving to do this for multiple reasons. Companies that effectively recruit and manage a workforce that's diverse, typically have a clear advantage over those organizations that do not do this.
In diversity recruiting, the hiring process focuses on merit but also incorporates special care to ensure there are reduced biases in the candidate's race, gender, religion, age, or sexual orientation. It is the removal of other personal characteristics that are unrelated to a person's ability to do their job.
Getting diversity recruiting right is a challenge. Many organizations seek to implement a more diverse recruitment process, but they set unrealistic goals, and consequently, fail. Companies want to do better by hiring a more diverse workforce. They may even realize the benefits that may come with it. Yet, they struggle to pull the pieces together to achieve the best outcome.
Why Do You Need to Diversify Your Hiring Process?
Another way to define workplace diversity is that it is the process of understanding and then accepting and placing value on the differences between people. This applies to disabilities, religion, age, ethnicities, races, and many other factors. Considering this definition, it may be clear why there is so much value in diversification.
Some of the benefits that come from a diversified workplace may include:
It spurs innovation and business growth. Evidence shows that diversity within the workforce of a company may propel the business forward faster.
It may help create new markets and enhance product development. By incorporating a larger range of views and ideas, there's more opportunity to reach a larger group with new products and services, often in untapped markets.
It may lead to higher earnings and a bigger return on equity. In some instances, the investment in diversity provides a clear benefit in profit, especially when there is a more diverse executive board and leadership team in place.
Diverse groups typically outperform those that are less diverse. One clear area for this is in problem solving. Diversity may increase the range of solutions available when problems exist.
It boosts creativity in the company. A diverse workforce and leadership team may mean more creativity within the company, which may influence growth.
How Do You Diversify Recruiting?
Recruitment and talent acquisition focused on diversity comes from a carefully designed strategy. Working to improve this strategy is typically necessary on an ongoing and consistent basis. Consider these strategies to help build on and amplify diversity within the workplace.
Write job postings that attract a diverse candidate pool. The language used within any job posting should appeal to a broader range of candidates. For example, carefully select words that will attract a larger group of people. Try to keep language gender-neutral and focus on capabilities required in the candidates.
Add more diverse candidates to the pipeline. Create a final candidate pool that includes more minority candidates or a more diverse range of applicants. That doesn't mean just one applicant but at least two, which has been shown to increase diversity in the workplace.
Encourage employees to refer connections. Encourage diverse employees to recommend the position to friends that have the qualifications necessary. Sharing job ads and listings in networks – both personal and professional – may attract more candidates looking for a diverse workplace.
Use personality assessments in the applicant screening process. While some recruiting methods, such as using educational backgrounds, previous companies they've worked at, or even networks exclude many diverse applicants, personality assessment lets people shine. It provides a better measure of a person's personality traits, skills, and motivations.
Implement internships for diverse groups. Turn to community groups and schools to educate and support internships within the company. Many communities have programs in place to encourage diversity recruiting. By offering internships and co-op positions to diverse groups, it may open the door for long-term employment opportunities.
Be sure applicants are attracted to listings based on workplace policies. See that the workplace policies provided in job listings are all-inclusive. This may mean creating policies that boost work/life balance, something the Millennial generation values. Some people value flexible scheduling, while others may not apply to positions because of long commutes located far from their diverse neighbourhoods.
Check to see that applicant sources also encourage diversity. Companies that are placing job listings on websites that don't work to attract a diverse pool of job seekers may be missing key opportunities.
One factor that can make diversity recruiting is the human subconscious. Even when taking as many variables out of the picture as possible, many people still make decisions based on opinions or belief systems. That is why many organizations are working to improve diversity recruiting by investing in technology. Add these tools as a way to further improve workplace diversity.
Artificial Intelligence. Instead of relying on human decision-making, utilize AI technology. This can automate many of the tasks involved, including creating a shortlist of candidates that meet all diversity goals.
Use blind interviews and resumes. The goal here is to conduct blind interviews and even blind observations of resumes. That means this is done without allowing the candidate's ethnic or other personal traits to come through. Use tools to anonymize a voice over the phone to eliminate any insights into their background.
All types of companies can benefit from putting in place a diversity recruiting strategy. Bringing together different backgrounds and perspectives can lead to a wide range of ideas, knowledge, and ways of doing business. A diverse team will bring more flexibility to an organization while strengthening its ability to respond to changing environments and demands.
As accounting and finance recruiters in Montreal, Exceleris can help you improve your diversity recruitment efforts. Contact us for more information on how we can help you.
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improve relations between the public and law enforcement.it runs from 5:30 to nine at the south milwaukee police department.a fireworks show will follow the people living in the riverwest neighborhood are lending a hand in cleaning up the sherman park neighborhood.the group typically cleans up around riverwest, but wanted to help after the unrest over the weekend.they say they'll be back next week with a much larger ground to help out once again. people living in milwaukee get their first look at the city's plan for next year's budget. the draft includes an additional 28-million-dollars in funding for the police department.some at the meeting say they rather see the money be put toward parks and other places for children to play safely.the budget will go before the common council later happening today...the workforce development center is putting on a free job fair for washington and ozaukee counties.more than 100 employers are looking to fill open positions.organizers say to dress professionally and bring copies of your resume.
record fourth gold medal.. teammate ally raisman took the silver..(s/ simone biles / usa gymnastics:14-:17)"i felt pretty good and just to end it on a good note that's what me and aly were hoping for."there was little hope for the rest of the field in the triple jump..american's christian taylor and will claye finishing 1-2..claye taking an even bigger leap after the competition - proposing to his girlfriend in the stands -- she said yes.nats volleyball but the answer was no for kerri walsh-jennings and april ross.. denied a shot at gold in beach volleyball by home team medal chances for a strong american team in track and field..women's golf tees it up..and men's basketball battles argentina in a quarterfinal elimination game.. women's boxing and wrestling also getting underway here today.. the american's with a good chance at medals in both events..i'm jay gray in rio..
in a world that needs a hero, justice is spelled b-o-x. say hello to a powerful tool that gives you options to fit your budget. ? oh, i'm tied to this chair! ? dun-dun-daaaa! i don't know that an insurance-themed comic book is what we're looking for. did i mention he can save people nearly $600? you haven't even heard my catchphrase.
serious risk to children. beyond wisconsin this morning...an 11-year-old mississippi boy is undergoing a pshychiatric evaluation and could face murder charges... accused of killing his 9- year-old brother.investigators say the two boys were home alone when the 11-year-old shot his younger brother in their backyard.their mother was at work at the time and the 9-year-old was shot once in the arm and head. no word if rides will be up and running agaida after six people were sent to the hospital.they were riding the "scrambler" at ocean beach when they got an electrical shock.everyone is expected to be okay.all of the electrical rides have been shut down until investigators can determine what caused this morning the death continues to grow in louisiana... at least 11 killed in historic devastating flooding.some areas are facing mandatory evacution orders after flood waters have damaged 40-thousand homes.
in your olympic update...day 12 of the summer games in rio. after a major upset karri walsh-jennings and april ross are going for the bronze medal also today, the u-s men's basketball team enters the elimination round.u-s boxer claressa shields looks to advance in the women's 75 kilogram quarter finals.for the first time since 19- hundred women's golf returns to the olympics.in track and field, justin gatlin is up against reining gold medalist jamaican usain bolt as they both look to advance in the men's 200-meter u-s gymnast simone biles might even consider this photo with zac efron to be more of a reward then all four of her gold medals.she tweeted out this picture with efron... saying "just call me mrs. efron already"biles had announced she had a big crush on efron. looking at the olympic medals race this morning... the united states now up to 84.
good morning. stunning loss. >> agatha puts it away! >> kerri walsh jennings and april ross defeated in beach volleyball semifinals, the first defeat of walsh jennings' olympic career, as gymnastics wraps up with a bang for team usa. >> oh, my! >> two silver medals for danell leyva. a record-tying fourth gold for simone biles, this time in the floor exercise. and aly raisman takes silver, but that was just one memorable moment for the final five.
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