William Alley, Private K/651 of the Royal Fusiliers 22nd Battalion (Kensington) and 50589 Lance Corporal 6th Battalion Royal Fusiliers Regiment was my maternal grandfather.
Born 17 February 1891 in West Hartlepool to Frederick Ernest Alley and Rose York. He was the eldest of five children. His birth registration has him named as Frederick William but he was known as William or Will. Both of his parents and their families were from Wiltshire. Will's father was a boilermaker at the Great Western yard in Swindon. I do not know if it was a search for work that brought Frederick and Rose to the North.
The family is located at 16 Harrison Street, West Hartlepool in the 1891 census with Frederick's occupation listed as boilermaker. However, in the 1901 census the family are at 25 Denbigh Road, Willesden. In 1911 they are living at 60 Quainton Street, Neasden and they remained in this area except for my grandfather Will. Will is working as a Salesman. After the war he was employed as Display Manager and Window Dresser in Selfridges in London.
On 22 September 1914, age 23, Will enlisted at Kensington Town Hall and became Private 651 of the 22nd (Service) Battalion (Kensington) Royal Fusiliers. In October he becomes Lance Corporal but in February 1915 at his own request, he reverts back to Private.
20.7.1915 – No 9 Hut, D Company 22nd (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers. Clipstone Camp, Mansfield, Notts.
Please find enclosed marriage certificate.
I should be glad if you will arrange for the separation allowance to be forwarded to my wife.
PS Will you please return the certificate as soon as possible as I have not a duplicate. W.A.
Date of disability: He states 4.2.1916.
Place of disability: He states Givenchy.
He states that while on sentry duty in trench at Givenchy he was shot through the mouth by rifle bullet which continued its course through nose and entered left eye. His eye was removed same day at Bethune Hospital, France. His MHS shows that his eye was removed for bullet wound same day in France. No. 654 Pte E.R. Clark, 22nd Roy Fus., is supposed to have wounded Pte Alley by the accidental discharge of his rifle in the front line trench. There were no witnesses of the accident.
Present condition: His left eye is enucleated and has left a socket which is fairly healthy but is occasionally subject to attacks of conjunctivitis. RE vision = 6/36 [myopic] and with glass vision is 6/12.
11. Give concisely the essential facts of the history of the disability, noting entries on the Medical History Sheet bearing on the case. Bullet entered in an upward direction knocking out centre upper incisor. It emerged through [c…d] of nose. Entered and destroyed left eye and was finally found in his hat.
19. Do you recommend a) Discharge as permanently unfit or b) Change to England. Sent to hospital in order to receive a glass eye.
Will received a military pension of 13/9d per week from the Ministry of Pensions, Royal Hospital Chelsea for 26 weeks conditional on transfer to Class 'P' Reserve.
Cause of Discharge: Transferred Class P. Army Reserve.
Will and Esther lived in London after they were married and their twin daughters were born in Kilburn in 1919. Between then and 1925 they moved to Edinburgh, Scotland where my mother was born in 1925. Will was then display manager and Window Dresser in Jenners, a large department store on Princes Street in Edinburgh. They lived in a small bungalow in the Corstorphine area of Edinburgh close to the zoo.
During the second world war Will's daughters joined the ATS and then the Women's Land Army and he joined the Home Guard. My grandmother told of an incident one icy wintry night when Will was on his way down the very steep hill they lived on to meet his troop. Unfortunately he slipped on the ice and without thinking used his rifle to try and keep his balance. He arrived back home and told my grandmother "Oh Esther, I've broken my gun". On another occasion a German bomb fell off course in the grounds of the zoo and Will and his troop were sent to investigate. They drove in to the grassy area and began to look around when suddenly they heard the unmistakable roar of an angry lion that was prowling around now that his fencing was no longer there.. They immediately ran back to the car, jumped in, locked the doors and huddled there until morning.
My grandfather always told us that a sniper's bullet killed the soldier next to him and then shot out his eye. Which is just a bit different from what actually happened. Perhaps he thought his version sounded more interesting. He had a wonderful sense of humour and was a bit of a prankster and joker and I remember as a child being tapped on the arm and seeing his glass eye on my shoulder with him saying "I've got my eye on you!" He got me every time too! Having only one eye did not stop him from doing things like driving but he did like to scare us by pretending he was using his "glass" eye to see while steering.
Sadly my grandfather died much too early at age 68 on 25 October 1959. I was only 8 at the time and so feel cheated out of so many more wonderful times with him.


text:
Q: How to use OTF files in ConTeXt? Is there a way For ConTeXt to use uninstalled .otf files in an arbitrary folder?
In my current LaTeX files, for example, I have:
\setmainfont{ProximaNova}[
    UprightFont=*-Regular,
    ItalicFont=*-RegularItalic,
    BoldFont=*-Bold,
    BoldItalicFont=*-BoldItalic,
    Path=../../fonts/ProximaNova/,
    Extension=.otf]

It picks up the font files from a specific folder where I store all of my fonts. The naming is sometimes different between fonts so they are spec'ed in setmainfont.
The best I can tell from this question and documentation is that ConTeXt needs to read the fonts from some OSFONTDIR, which can be more can one folder, but must be specified in this variable. I can't use just any .otf files, specified directly in the .tex file. Or am I misreading? I don't think I saw anything indicating that typescript can take paths to files?

A: I don't have the Proxima Nova font, but I just downloaded the Cormorant font, so I'll use this one.  Then I use \definefontfamily to set up the font.
\definefontfamily [mainface] [serif] [Latin Modern Roman]
                  [tf=file:Cormorant-Regular.ttf,
                   it=file:Cormorant-Italic.ttf,
                   bf=file:Cormorant-Bold.ttf,
                   bi=file:Cormorant-BoldItalic.ttf,
                   sc=file:CormorantSC-Regular.ttf]
\definefontfamily [mainface] [sans] [Latin Modern Sans]
\definefontfamily [mainface] [mono] [Latin Modern Mono] [features=none]
\definefontfamily [mainface] [math] [Latin Modern Math]
\setupbodyfont [mainface]

\starttext

\samplefile{knuth}

\stoptext

I could have hardcoded the complete file path but that is too unflexible in my opinion.  Instead I pass an appropriate value of OSFONTDIR to ConTeXt, as such
OSFONTDIR="~/Downloads/Cormorant_Install_v3.601/1. TrueType Font Files" context test.mkvi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Revelation, 8 August 1831 [D&C 60]
Revelation,
Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...
, Jackson Co., MO, 8 Aug. 1831. Featured version, titled "63 Commandment given in Missorie Jackson County Independence August 8th. 1831," copied [ca. Sept. 1831] in Revelation Book 1, pp. 100–101; handwriting of
John Whitmer
27 Aug. 1802–11 July 1878. Farmer, stock raiser, newspaper editor. Born in Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Member of German Reformed Church, Fayette, Seneca Co., New York. Baptized by Oliver Cowdery, June 1829, most likely in Seneca...
; CHL. Includes redactions. For more complete source information, see the source note for Revelation Book 1.
Historical Introduction
On 8 August 1831, JS dictated a revelation instructing "some of the
A male leader in the church generally; an ecclesiastical and priesthood office or one holding that office; a proselytizing missionary. The Book of Mormon explained that elders ordained priests and teachers and administered "the flesh and blood of Christ unto...
" who had traveled to
Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...
to return to
French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...
, preaching along the way. These elders had reached Missouri in mid- to late July and participated in the dedication of the land for the building of the
city of Zion
Also referred to as New Jerusalem. JS revelation, dated Sept. 1830, prophesied that "city of Zion" would be built among Lamanites (American Indians). JS directed Oliver Cowdery and other missionaries preaching among American Indians in Missouri to find location...
, the dedication of a
temple site
JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, directed temple to be built short distance west of courthouse on hill just outside of Independence, Missouri. JS directed dedication of temple site by Sidney Rigdon, 3 Aug. 1831. On same date, church claimed site for eventual...
, and a
A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The "Articles and Covenants" of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform "Church business." The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...
with JS and other leaders.
JS History, vol. A-1, 126–127, 129, 137, 139; Minutes, 4 Aug. 1831.
"Finding but little or no business for us to accomplish" once this "work" was done,
Ezra Booth
14 Feb. 1792–before 12 Jan. 1873. Farmer, minister. Born in Newtown, Fairfield Co., Connecticut. Admitted on trial to Methodist ministry, 4 Sept. 1816, and stationed in the Ohio District in Beaver, Pike Co. Admitted into full connection and elected a deacon...
wrote, "most of us became anxious to return home."
Ezra Booth, "Mormonism—No. VI," Ohio Star (Ravenna), 17 Nov. 1831, [3].
Comprehensive Works Cited
Ohio Star. Ravenna. 1830–1854.
A later JS history recounts that the elders inquired of JS "what they were to do," and this revelation was the response.
JS History, vol. A-1, 141.
The original manuscript of this revelation is not extant.
copied the revelation into Revelation Book 1 (which he was keeping in
), probably shortly after the elders returned from
See Historical Introduction to Revelation Book 1.
Others present at the time the revelation was dictated may have made personal copies as well;
, for example, referenced the revelation in a September letter to
Edward Partridge
27 Aug. 1793–27 May 1840. Hatter. Born at Pittsfield, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of William Partridge and Jemima Bidwell. Moved to Painesville, Geauga Co., Ohio. Married Lydia Clisbee, 22 Aug. 1819, at Painesville. Initially a Universal Restorationist...
, suggesting that he had his own copy.
Ezra Booth, "Mormonism—No. VII," Ohio Star (Ravenna), 24 Nov. 1831, [1].
Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation *Revelation, 8 August 1831 [D&C 60] Revelation Book 1 Book of Commandments, 1833 Doctrine and Covenants, 1835 Doctrine and Covenants, 1844
John Whitmer assigned this number to the revelation when recording it in Revelation Book 1.
Generally, a divine mandate that church members were expected to obey; more specifically, a text dictated by JS in the first-person voice of Deity that served to communicate knowledge and instruction to JS and his followers. Occasionally, other inspired texts...
given in Missorie Jackson County
August 8th. 1831 directions to some of the
to return to their homes & & own land &c &c
This heading likely did not appear in the original manuscript; John Whitmer likely added it when he copied the revelation into Revelation Book 1.
Behold thus saith the Lord unto the Elders of this
The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, "they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ." The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was "the Church of Christ...
who are to return speedily to the land from whence they came behold it pleaseth me that you have come up hither but with some I am not well pleased for they will not open their mouths but hide the tallent which I have given <unto> them because of the fear of man
Ezra Booth, who traveled to Missouri at this time but later left the church, recounted, "For more than two weeks, while I remained there [in Missouri], the disposition of the Elders appeared to be averse to preaching." (Ezra Booth, "Mormonism—No. V," Ohio Star [Ravenna], 10 Nov. 1831, [3].)
wo unto such for mine anger is kindelled against them & it shall come to pass if they are not more faithfull unto me it shall be taken away even that which they have
See Book of Mormon, 1830 ed., 565 [Ether 12:35].
for I the Lord ruleth in the heavens above & among the armies of the Earth
See Book of Mormon, 1830 ed., 115 [2 Nephi 29:7].
And in the day when I shall make up my Jewels
See Malachi 3:17.
all men shall know what it is that bespeaketh the power of God but verily I will speak unto you concerning your Journey unto the Land from whence you came let there be a craft made or bought as seemeth you good it mattereth not unto me
A 1 August 1831 revelation stated, "It is not meet that I should command in all things for he that is compelled in all things the same is a slothfull & not a wise Servent." (Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58:26].)
& take your Journey speedily for the place which is called
St. Lewis
Located on west side of Mississippi River about fifteen miles south of confluence with Missouri River. Founded as fur-trading post by French settlers, 1764. Incorporated as town, 1809. First Mississippi steamboat docked by town, 1817. Incorporated as city...
On the trip to Independence in June, JS and his companions went on foot from St. Louis, Missouri, parallel to the eastward-flowing Missouri River. On their return trip, they could more easily travel downriver to St. Louis by water. Ezra Booth later recollected that he and one other elder were given the task of "procuring the means of conveyance down the river." JS and others began their return to Ohio in canoes. (JS History, vol. A-1, 126, 142; Ezra Booth, "Mormonism—No. V," Ohio Star [Ravenna], 10 Nov. 1831, [3]; Minutes, 4 Aug. 1831.)
& from thence let my Servent
Sidney [Rigdon]
19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...
& Joseph &
Oliver [Cowdery]
3 Oct. 1806–3 Mar. 1850. Clerk, teacher, justice of the peace, lawyer, newspaper editor. Born at Wells, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of William Cowdery and Rebecca Fuller. Raised Congregationalist. Moved to western New York and clerked at a store, ca. 1825–1828...
take their Journey for
Area settled largely by emigrants from New England and New Jersey, by 1788. Village founded and surveyed adjacent to site of Fort Washington, 1789. First seat of legislature of Northwest Territory, 1790. Incorporated as city, 1819. Developed rapidly as shipping...
JS visited Cincinnati on the way to Independence and met there with Walter Scott of the reformed Baptist movement. (JS History, vol. A-1, 126.)
& in this place let them lift up their voice & declare my word with loud voices without wrath or doubting lifting up holy hands upon them
See 1 Timothy 2:8.
for I am able to make you holy & your sins are forgiven you & let the residue take their Journey from
St. Lowis
two by two & preach the word not in haste among the congregations of the wicked untill they return to the churches from whence they came & all this for the good of the churches for this intent have I sent them & let my servent
Edward [Partridge]
impart of the money which I have given him a portion unto mine Elders which are commanded to return
As the church's bishop, Partridge was in charge of administering funds from church members consecrated to the church. (Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58:35–36]; Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:30–33].)
& he that is able let him return it by the way of the
28 Dec. 1789–29 June 1834. Merchant. Born at New Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Eli Gilbert and Lydia Hemingway. Moved to Huntington, Fairfield Co., Connecticut; to Monroe, Monroe Co., Michigan Territory, by Sept. 1818; to Painesville, Geauga Co...
Sidney Gilbert, who was traveling to Ohio with the others.
& he that is not of him it is not required And now I speak of the [p. 100]
to return to their own land &c &c
who are to return speedily to the land from whence they came behold it pleaseth me that you have come up hither but with some I am not well pleased for they will not open their mouths but hide the tallent which I have given unto them because of the fear of man
Print Volume Location
JSP, D2:35–37

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's part of what we've been as Americans: move into a place, extract the natural resources, then move on. Even agriculture sometimes worked that way, or as my ag science/policy friend likes to call it, "soil mining".
Once you mentioned the I-70 turnoff, I had to check the map. Looks like we passed something pretty neat last Sunday. We went right by there on our way to Green River after spending half the day touring the Colorado NM out of Grand Junction eager to find a place to camp. That's my excuse. Thanks for showing me what I missed.
I love ghost towns. The Parks are full of them, or of the same ilk, because progress either stalled or returned to nature. They can be eerie I bet, too.
Janie, you capture nature & life so beautifully! These photos are som of your very bet, love the buildings, foliage, & time. Your header is awesome!
Lots of history there! A shame it's almost completely deserted.
Seems like a rather lost little town.
What a sad little town. I love your new header photo...gorgeous!!!
Great photos.. Love Love Love your header!!!
Hmmm. I'm not sure which is sadder, a town that that becomes a ghost town or one that gets swallowed up by a big city where old buildings get torn down and replaced by gigantic monstrosities. Just thinking.
It's sad to see these deserted settlement, with houses all covered with vegetation. Progress has an ugly face too.
Once a bustling whistle stop for many has fallen into only 39 residents to carry on, how sad.


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text:
The Open Nutrition Journal
Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Health Consequences and Clinical Management
Marwan El Ghoch1, 2, *, Simona Calugi2, Riccardo Dalle Grave2
1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
2 Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Montebaldo, 89, 37016 Garda, Verona, Italy
Over the last decade, a new condition, which occurs in the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity, has been termed "sarcopenic obesity". The term describes the coexistence of obesity, defined as the increase in body fat mass deposition, and sarcopenia, defined as the reduction in lean mass and muscle strength. However, many uncertainties still surround the condition of sarcopenic obesity in terms of its definition, the adverse short- and long-term health effects (i.e., medical disease, psychosocial functioning, quality of life and mortality) and its clinical management. The aim of this short communication is to emphasize some crucial aspects that future research should take into account in order to avoid bias and misinterpretations and to underline that the study of sarcopenic obesity should be considered a scientific and clinical priority, as reported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO).
Keywords: Obesity, Sarcopenic obesity, Body lean mass, Muscle strength, Morbidity, Medical disease.
Publisher Id: TONUTRJ-12-70
© 2018 El Ghoch et al.
* Address correspondence to the author at the Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital Montebaldo, 89I-37016 Garda (VR), Italy, Tel: +39-045-8103915, Fax: +39-045-8102884; E-mail: marwan1979@hotmail.com
19-7-2018 Original Manuscript Sarcopenic Obesity: Definition, Health Consequences and Clinical Management
The term sarcopenia was initially used to refer to an age-related progressive loss of lean mass and muscle strength [1Malafarina V, Uriz-Otano F, Iniesta R, Gil-Guerrero L. Sarcopenia in the elderly: Diagnosis, physiopathology and treatment. Maturitas 2012; 71(2): 109-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.012] [PMID: 22153348] ], known to be associated with morbidity, reduction in quality of life, frailty disability and increased rates of mortality. With the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide [2Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(1): 13-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362] [PMID: 28604169] ], a new condition, which occurs in the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity, has been termed "sarcopenic obesity" [3Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A, Di Francesco V. Sarcopenic obesity: A new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18(5): 388-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.10.002] [PMID: 18395429] ]. However, many uncertainties still surround this phenomenon with regard to the definition, the potential "negative effects" on health (i.e., medical diseases, psychosocial impairment) and the clinical implications and usefulness in terms of its treatment.
The aim of this short communication is to emphasize some crucial aspects that future research should take into account in order to avoid bias and misinterpretations and to underline that the study of this condition should be considered a scientific and clinical priority, as reported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). In doing so, the following questions should be addressed:
What is the definition of sarcopenic obesity?
Is sarcopenic obesity harmful to health?
Is this condition worth treating?
2. DEFINITION OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY
Over the last decade, the clinical definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia have been developed and both are now widely accepted and recognized by the international scientific community [4Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010; 39(4): 412-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq034] [PMID: 20392703] ]. However, no consensus has yet been reached on how to define sarcopenic obesity. In most studies, the definition of sarcopenic obesity has relied on body composition phenotypes (i.e., lean mass) [4Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010; 39(4): 412-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq034] [PMID: 20392703] -7Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in asia: Consensus report of the asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15(2): 95-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025] [PMID: 24461239] ], low muscle strength (i.e., weak handgrip strength) and poor physical performance (e.g., slow walking) [4Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010; 39(4): 412-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq034] [PMID: 20392703] , 6Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, et al. Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2011; 12(4): 249-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003] [PMID: 21527165] , 7Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in asia: Consensus report of the asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15(2): 95-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025] [PMID: 24461239] ] cut-offs, usually used for the definition of sarcopenia in elderly people [4Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010; 39(4): 412-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq034] [PMID: 20392703] ]. However, without accounting for body mass (i.e., body mass index, body surface), definitions of sarcopenia in obesity that are based only on lean mass and physical fitness may be strongly skewed for at least two reasons. Firstly, patients with obesity tend to have a relatively large lean mass. Hence, sarcopenia criteria based on this parameter may not be met in these individuals and the prevalence of sarcopenia may, therefore, be greatly underestimated [8Johnson Stoklossa CA, Sharma AM, Forhan M, Siervo M, Padwal RS, Prado CM. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adults with class II/III obesity using different diagnostic criteria. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017: 7307618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7307618] [PMID: 28421144] ]. Secondly, low physical fitness is more strongly associated with obesity than with sarcopenia [9Bouchard DR, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Sarcopenic/obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: Data from the nutrition as a determinant of successful aging (NuAge)-the quebec longitudinal study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17(11): 2082-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.109] [PMID: 19373219] ], with the result that the prevalence of sarcopenia may be overestimated.
To address this problem, recent reports have recommended accounting for body mass or body fat mass when identifying individuals with sarcopenic obesity [8Johnson Stoklossa CA, Sharma AM, Forhan M, Siervo M, Padwal RS, Prado CM. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adults with class II/III obesity using different diagnostic criteria. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017: 7307618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7307618] [PMID: 28421144] ]. In light of this recommendation, a new definition of sarcopenic obesity has been established, which in addition to the Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM) also includes the Body Mass Index (BMI) [10Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: Rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69(5): 547-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu010] [PMID: 24737557] ]. The following cut-offs have been proposed: ALM/BMI <0.804 in males and <0.582 in females [11Batsis J, Mackenzie TA, Lopez-Jimenez F, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using FNIH criteria in the US population: NHANES 1999-2004 2015. 1]. Despite this progress, a lot of work is still needed to reinforce the concept of a suitable definition of sarcopenic obesity in order to avoid false positives and negatives. This issue is of extreme importance as the correct identification of sarcopenic obesity is fundamental to target interventions only on those patients that are really affected by this condition [12Bouchonville MF, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity: How do we treat it? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013; 20(5): 412-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.med.0000433071.11466.7f] [PMID: 23974769] ] (Fig. 1 ).
Suggested approach to the study the sarcopenic obesity.
3. HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY
It has been hypothesized that the two components of sarcopenic obesity, namely obesity and sarcopenia, may synergistically increase their negative effects on health [13Atkins JL, Wannamethee SG. The effect of sarcopenic obesity on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in older people. Rev Clin Gerontol 2015; 25: 86-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0959259815000076] ]. Indeed, several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that individuals with sarcopenic obesity have a worse cardio-metabolic risk (i.e., hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance) [5Stenholm S, Harris TB, Rantanen T, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Ferrucci L. Sarcopenic obesity: Definition, cause and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11(6): 693-700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d] [PMID: 18827572] ], psychological profiles (i.e., depression and cognitive performance) [14Hamer M, Batty GD, Kivimaki M. Sarcopenic obesity and risk of new onset depressive symptoms in older adults: English longitudinal study of ageing. Int J Obes 2015; 39(12): 1717-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.124] [PMID: 26122029] ] and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [15Choi KM. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med) 2016; 31(6): 1054-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.193] [PMID: 27809450] ]. However, the cross-sectional design used in these studies indicates, at best, only simple associations between sarcopenic obesity and some health parameters but does not provide solid information regarding any causal relationships between the two conditions [16Solem RC. Limitation of a cross-sectional study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 148(2): 205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.05.006] [PMID: 26232823] ]. In other words, these studies are not able to determine if sarcopenic obesity may lead to the onset or deterioration of certain diseases since very few studies have longitudinally investigated the "real" effects of sarcopenic obesity on health. Moreover, the available studies have only assessed intermediate outcomes, (i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic disorders) and not hard long-term outcomes, (i.e., mortality). These shortcomings of the research indicate the need to design longitudinal studies to clarify the real effect of sarcopenic obesity on the onset/evolution of certain diseases (i.e., cardio-metabolic, psychological) in the short and medium-terms, as well as the risk of mortality in the long-term.
4. TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY
After having reached a consensus on a valid definition of sarcopenic obesity and its real effect on health and mortality, the final step is to identify potential treatment strategies (e.g., physical activity interventions, high-protein diets, protein supplements, etc.) and to use powerful randomized controlled trials to test their efficacy in limiting sarcopenia deterioration in patients with obesity. This is in line with the recommendation endorsed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), entitled "Sarcopenic obesity: Time to meet the challenge", This recommendation suggests that this condition should be considered a scientific and clinical priority for both researchers and clinicians [17Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Boirie Y, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: Time to meet the challenge. Clin Nutr 2018; S0261-5614(18)30169-9.
[PMID: 29857921] ].
No Animals/Humans were used for studies that are base of this research.
Declared none.
[1] Malafarina V, Uriz-Otano F, Iniesta R, Gil-Guerrero L. Sarcopenia in the elderly: Diagnosis, physiopathology and treatment. Maturitas 2012; 71(2): 109-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.012] [PMID: 22153348]
[2] Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med 2017; 377(1): 13-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362] [PMID: 28604169]
[3] Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A, Di Francesco V. Sarcopenic obesity: A new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18(5): 388-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2007.10.002] [PMID: 18395429]
[4] Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the european working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010; 39(4): 412-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq034] [PMID: 20392703]
[5] Stenholm S, Harris TB, Rantanen T, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Ferrucci L. Sarcopenic obesity: Definition, cause and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11(6): 693-700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d] [PMID: 18827572]
[6] Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, et al. Sarcopenia: An undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: Prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2011; 12(4): 249-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003] [PMID: 21527165]
[7] Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al. Sarcopenia in asia: Consensus report of the asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15(2): 95-101.
[8] Johnson Stoklossa CA, Sharma AM, Forhan M, Siervo M, Padwal RS, Prado CM. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adults with class II/III obesity using different diagnostic criteria. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017: 7307618.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7307618] [PMID: 28421144]
[9] Bouchard DR, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Sarcopenic/obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: Data from the nutrition as a determinant of successful aging (NuAge)-the quebec longitudinal study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17(11): 2082-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.109] [PMID: 19373219]
[10] Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: Rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69(5): 547-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glu010] [PMID: 24737557]
[11] Batsis J, Mackenzie TA, Lopez-Jimenez F, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using FNIH criteria in the US population: NHANES 1999-2004 2015. 1
[12] Bouchonville MF, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity: How do we treat it? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013; 20(5): 412-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.med.0000433071.11466.7f] [PMID: 23974769]
[13] Atkins JL, Wannamethee SG. The effect of sarcopenic obesity on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in older people. Rev Clin Gerontol 2015; 25: 86-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0959259815000076]
[14] Hamer M, Batty GD, Kivimaki M. Sarcopenic obesity and risk of new onset depressive symptoms in older adults: English longitudinal study of ageing. Int J Obes 2015; 39(12): 1717-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.124] [PMID: 26122029]
[15] Choi KM. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Korean J Intern Med (Korean Assoc Intern Med) 2016; 31(6): 1054-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.193] [PMID: 27809450]
[16] Solem RC. Limitation of a cross-sectional study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 148(2): 205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.05.006] [PMID: 26232823]
[17] Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Boirie Y, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: Time to meet the challenge. Clin Nutr 2018; S0261-5614(18)30169-9.
[PMID: 29857921]
DEFINITION OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY
TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY


Self evaluation is embedded into the life of the school and at all levels all leaders review their areas every year, analyse student outcomes; either quantative or qualiatative via student surveys, parental surveys and student led discussion groups.
These annual reviews lead to the publication of an annual whole school action plan which set out the schools wider objectives. Through our system of distributed leadership there are a range of linked plans for Governors and the SLT; Sixth Form, Middle and Lower Schools, and of course annual Departmental plans. These plans then guide the work of the Governors, School, SLT, Directors of School and Heads of Department during the course of the academic year and flesh out the details of "how" the wider school objectives in the School Action Plan will actually be achieved.
Separate to all of the above the school carrys out a Tri-Annual Consultation process with all of its stakeholders: pupils, parents, staff, governors and members of the wider local community that we serve. All stakeholders views are canvassed as part of this process via online surveys. The outcomes of these surveys are then fed back to a consultation workshop group consisting of around 30 or so individuals representing all of the different stakeholders in the school - parents, pupils, staff, governors and local councillors, members of St James' church and members of the school's Foundation Governors.
From these meetings the group work up a framework set of draft proposals which are then put back to the entire staff for their views and contributions.
Once a final draft is completed then this is ratified by the full governing body.
of the entire student population to ensure validity.


1.The Supreme Court has declined to order a stay on the Centre's decision to grant 10% reservation in jobs and educational institutions to economically weak sections in the general category.
a) The economic criterion cannot be the sole basis for reservation.
b) The bill violates basic feature of the Constitution as reservation on economic grounds cannot be limited to the general category.
c) The overall 50 percent ceiling limit cannot be breached which violated the decision of the apex court in Indra Sawhney judgement,1993.
d) The State's reservation policy cannot be imposed on unaided educational institutions, and as they are not receiving any aid from the State, they can have their own admissions provided they are fair, transparent, non-exploitative and based on merit.
3.The Parliament have passed the 124th Constitution Amendment Bill (10% Quota Bill) to provide for 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) among the general category candidates in higher education and government employment.
4.The Act amends Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution by adding clauses empowering the government to provide reservation on the basis of economic backwardness.
In an attempt to ensure that anti-TB drug Bedaquiline – which is safer and more effective –is made affordable and accessible to everybody with drug resistant TB (DR-TB), two tuberculosis survivors from India and South Africa have filed a patent challenge against Johnson and Johnson's application to extend the patent over the drug.
Bedaquiline is a drug used to treat TB patients with bacteria that are resistant to other anti-TB drugs and thus suffer from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
The J&J patent application is being challenged on the grounds that the new salt form of Bedaquiline, does not merit patenting under India's Patents Act, 1970 as it is a minor reformulation of the drug without any increase in therapeutic efficacy and is a mere act of patent evergreening.
In India, the high price of Bedaquiline is a significant barrier for the government to make it available to all patients with drug resistant TB thus exposing patients to less effective drugs with severe side effects.
The Health Ministry has announced certain medical devices viz.
f) bone marrow separators to be brought under the purview of Drugs and Cosmetics Act and thus treated as "drugs" with effect from 1st April 2020.
3. Given that quality and efficacy of majority medical devices remains unregulated in India, the recent announcement is significant for patient's safety as with this notification, all implantable and diagnostic devices will come under the regulatory framework.
The government has introduced the Constitution (125th Amendment) Bill, 2019 in Rajya Sabha which seeks to bring 10 tribal dominated Autonomous District Councils in the Sixth Schedule areas of the north-eastern region under purview of the Finance Commission.
The proposed amendments provide for a) devolution of financial resources to the councils based on recommendations of Finance Commission, b) elected village municipal councils empowered with formulating economic and social development plans and c) at least one-third of the seats reserved for women in the village and municipal councils in the Sixth Schedule areas of Assam, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Tripura.
Autonomous District Councils in the tribal dominated areas of North East are administrative bodies constituted in accordance to Sixth Schedule Article 244 (2) & Article 275(1) of the Indian Constitution.
The 6th schedule of the Indian Constitution provides for special arrangements for the administration of tribal area in north eastern States-Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has launched the 'Asiatic Lion Conservation Project' which aims to protect and conserve the world's last ranging free population of Asiatic Lion, a species endemic to the Gir landscape of Gujarat.
The conservation project which has a "Species Conservation over a large landscape" focuses on a) disease management, b) habitat improvement and eco-development, c) robust wildlife health service with a dedicated veterinary institute, d) addressing to man-wild animal conflict issues, e) voluntary relocation of Protect Area inhabitants (Maldhari tribe), f) monitoring and tracking of animals, g) creating a wildlife crime cell, and h) ecotourism.
The project also seeks to divide The Greater Gir Region that includes, area other than the existing Gir National Park, sanctuaries in Girnar, Pania and Mitiyala, into various zones and formulate various "zone plans and theme plans" for their management.
Asiatic Lion, a pantherine cat, is listed as 'Endangered' under the IUCN Red List and is exposed to severe threats in the Gir region like a) growing lion population and shrinking habitat, b) vulnerability to diseases, c) death from linear infrastructure such as road, rail and electric fences and d) man-animal conflict.
In 2013, the Supreme Court had directed translocation of lions from Gujarat to Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh on the grounds that concentration in one area makes them vulnerable to extinction from unpredictable events like epidemic or natural calamity.
Jammu and Kashmir Government has approved divisional status to Ladakh, which was part of the Kashmir division till now.
The division of Ladakh, comprising of Leh and Kargil Districts, would be provided with a) separate administrative and revenue division with its headquarters at Leh, b) Divisional Commissioner, c) Inspector General of Police and d) other divisional level heads of various departments.
With a separate administrative division for Ladakh region, the state of Jammu& Kashmir would now have three administrative divisions- Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.
There have been persistent demands for a separate division by the people of Ladakh due to a) remoteness and inaccessibility due to peculiar geo-climatic and topographic conditions, b) distance from the capital Srinagar making conduct of administrative affairs tough, c) poor delivery of developmental schemes, d) poor redressal of public grievances and e) distinct culture from the Kashmir valley.
In 2018, the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Councils (LAHDC) of Leh and Kargil had unanimously passed a resolution demanding divisional status for Ladakh.
LAHDCs, which is vested with powers of local governance in Leh and Kargil, was established by the enactment of Jammu and Kashmir Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Act, 1997 (amended in 2018).


Shine up your MINI's and come out to Culvers to hang out and show off your car.
Why: Just a chance to get together, hang out, enjoy some ice cream, butter burgers, and put your car on display.
This event is open to anyone… Old Minis, new MINIs, no MINIs.. Come on out and check out what everyone has done to their cars, and plan out your next mods.
This years Baseball Rally will be a little different than the past..
We will be attending a Kane County Cougars game on Sunday June 5th where the Cougars will be battling with the Fort Wayne Wizards.
Where: Meet up at Patrick MINI in Schaumburg.
We will have more info as the date gets closer!!
We are going to have to cancel the Crystal Lake Cruise Night because we have not been able to get any additional information about when or even if it will happen.
If anyone has new information about about the event either way, please forward it on.
The following invite was passed along from the Chicago Area Lotus Corps.
Lotus Corps Presents the 2005 Carl Grabowski Drivers Education Day Monday, May 16th 2005.
What a great way to have a bit of fun with your MINI if you can take a Monday off work!!
While not an official Chicago MINI Motoring Club event, the Chi-Town Kruze will take place on Saturday June 4th. There will be a classic car show, and open drive on scenic Lake Shore Drive.
What better place to show off your MINI among a large number of car enthusiasts. If enough people are interested, we can meet at some location, and head for Lake Shore Drive en mass for a little bit of a MINI Cruise.
Post here if you are interested!!


text:
Puck Daddy
Coyotes GM wanted Tippett back, not interested in Hossa
Greg Wyshynski
CHICAGO – It's been an eventful last week for Arizona Coyotes GM John Chayka.
It was revealed on Monday that Shane Doan, the team captain and a 21-year member of the franchise, would not be extended a contract offer as a free agent. That was after the team traded starting goalie and six-year Coyote Mike Smith to the Calgary Flames.
It was revealed on Thursday that Dave Tippett, the team's coach since 2009 and also their executive vice president of hockey operations, mutually agreed to part ways with the team, an agreement that included a $3-million contract buyout. The relationship between Tippett and owner Andrew Barroway, who bought out the team's minority owners on June 12, had reached its breaking point.
[Follow Puck Daddy on social media: Twitter | Instagram | Facebook | Tumblr]
On Friday, the Coyotes made two significant deals, landing Chicago Blackhawks defenseman Niklas Hjalmarsson for defenseman Connor Murphy and center Laurent Dauphin, a move to give Oliver Ekman-Larsson a defense partner; and landing center Derek Stepan and goalie Antti Raanta from the New York Rangers in exchange for defenseman Anthony DeAngelo and the seventh-overall pick in Friday's draft.
Then there was the talk that the Coyotes would do further business with the Blackhawks, taking on the contract of Marian Hossa in the way they did the contracts of Pavel Datsyuk and Chris Pronger to help reach the salary cap floor. Hossa may have played his last NHL game due to an allergy to his equipment. His $5.275 cap hit is on the books until 2021, but he's only due $1 million in salary each of those seasons.
Any interest from the Coyotes?
"I look at everything. Marian came up of late. It's not something we talked about," Chayka said. "I just say in general that I'm just looking to improve my club, and I'll use every asset I can to do that. So, I could say no, and then I get offered three firsts to do it, and then I wouldn't say no."
Is that the ask?
"It's a good start," he said, with a laugh.
From the awkward, clunky parting of ways with two franchise standard-bearers to the acquisition of a top-pairing defenseman, starting goalie and top two center.
Quite the whirlwind.
"That's quite a bit in 24 hours," said Chayka.
The Tippett news wasn't a total surprise, he said, but he still hoped the veteran coach could return.
"I was certainly hoping he was coming back for another season. Having said that, it wasn't out of the blue necessarily. But you think that things can kinda work moving forward, but that's life," he said. "Sometimes they don't work. It doesn't mean I don't love Tip and everything he brought to the organization. All his blood, sweat and tears he put into it. It was appreciated. And we're trying to build off of that."
From the outside, it would appear that Barroway wielded an incredible amount of influence on these decisions.
"He's 100 percent owner. Usually those guys have some influence," said Chayka.
"I work well with him. I respect him. I think he's trying to do what's right with the organization in his mind, moving forward. He's all-in, right? He wants what's best. Wants to help find us an arena and keep us there long-term. He wants to help us build a team. He's invested emotionally, financially, everything. I respect that about him. "
Was he disappointed that Tippett and Barroway couldn't find a way to work together?
"It's not my relationship to really comment on. I think when you've endured what we have in Arizona, which has been difficult, it wears on you. It's tough. It's difficult. It isn't easy on anybody. I think over the years, it's difficult. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't," he said.
So now, as John Chayka attempts to build a winning roster in Arizona, he needs to find someone new to coach them. All in due time.
"The next coach? I'm 24 hours past Dave Tippett," said Chayka. "He's a tough guy to get over."
Greg Wyshynski is a writer for Yahoo Sports. Contact him at puckdaddyblog@yahoo.com or find him on Twitter. His book, TAKE YOUR EYE OFF THE PUCK, is available on Amazon and wherever books are sold.
Germaine Pratt on blasting Bengals teammate Joseph Ossai for costly Patrick Mahomes hit: 'I wasn't a great teammate'
Pratt's outburst was out of line with the otherwise united Bengals front in support of Ossai on Sunday.
Eagles announce uniform combination for Super Bowl LVIl matchup vs. Chiefs
Philadelphia Eagles reveal uniform combination Super Bowl LVIl matchup vs. Kansas City Chiefs
Chelsea pay record fee for Fernandez as Cancelo joins Bayern
Chelsea paid a Premier League record fee of 121 million euros to sign Enzo Fernandez as Joao Cancelo made a surprise move to Bayern Munich and Jorginho joined Arsenal on a frantic transfer deadline day in Europe.Premier League leaders Arsenal snapped up Italy midfielder Jorginho from Chelsea for a reported fee of £12 million.
Nicole Lynn Is The First Black Female Agent To Represent An NFL Quarterback In The Super Bowl
Nicole Lynn bet on herself, and it is paying off tenfold. According to a post from Sports Business Journal, she is set to become the first Black female agent to represent a quarterback in the Super Bowl.
49ers' big offseason decisions start with scheduled unrestricted free agents
Here is a breakdown of the 49ers' scheduled free agents after the 2022 season comes to a close.


text:
Jocelyn & Chris Arndt, The Fun In The Fight Review
by Eliana Fermi on January 28, 2019
M'lynn, T.F.I.L Review
The Suitcase Junket, Mean Dog, Trampoline Review
Connect with Jocelyn & Chris Arndt: Facebook | Twitter | Instagram
There is nothing more symbiotic than siblings, especially in music. The chemistry is unmatched and the connection between the musicians is on a deeper level. For brother-sister rockers Jocelyn & Chris Arndt, those ties are immediate in their music and love for each other. "He's my best friend," says Jocelyn. "Maybe that sounds a little cheesy, but it's true. And to be able to chase this shared dream with my best friend, well, that's everything." That determined spirit is stronger than ever on The Fun in the Fight, Jocelyn & Chris' third full-length duo album out on February 22nd, 2019. The title, a line of lyrics from the stomping, unapologetic "Kill in the Cure," is also a reference to the idea that defined Jocelyn & Chris's experience writing this record: "Things get hard, and it's easy to lose sight of what you're working toward. The best way to get through it is to find enjoyment in the struggle itself. You've got to find the fun in the fight." Over the past 5 years, they've balanced hundreds of shows coast to coast with an aggressive recording schedule, all while completing studies at Harvard. With the release of The Fun in the Fight, it certainly is setting their trajectory of success.
The Fun in the Fight
Kill in the Cure
Outta My Head
Don't Hang Up
Be That as It May
Things I'll Never Know
The Western
Bridge Road Entertainment
Jocelyn has a buoyant voice that has a crystalline clarity to convey the emotion of the lyric, aptly supported by brother Chris their sound is compelling and heartfelt.
Kicking off the album is "Witness," a powerful homage to the essence of the band sound and its roots in rock n' roll. "We owe so much to the artists who came before us," says Jocelyn. "We're inspired by them every day." The album single "Outta My Head" explores the edge between attraction and obsession, a hook-oriented guitar line offsets the poignant lyrics with an intensifying orchestration. "We've all got something we can't get out of our heads. It's up to us whether or not that becomes a motivation or a problem, says Jocelyn. Contrastingly, "The Western" would be right at home in the soundtrack of a classic cowboy flick, complete with whip and whistle, are you listening Tarantino. "We started calling it 'The Western' before we had a real name for it, and then we could never seem to come up with a better name than that," Chris laughs. The closer "The Weatherman," offers an introspective 70s leaning ballad. What is most refreshing about this sibling duo is their approach to music is genuine, not akin to any trends, they are just about creating music that rocks and speaks to them musically. A most highly recommended listen if you enjoy originality. That's the short of it!


Business email compromises (BEC) involve the manipulation of corporate communication channels to elicit fraudulent financial transactions. Most often, this is accomplished by gaining unauthorized access to computer networks, conducting reconnaissance, and targeting the individuals in the organization with the appropriate authority request or approve wire transfers. Attackers then craft emails ordering the transfer of funds to bank accounts held by their criminal organization. The funds are quickly laundered, making recovery difficult, if not impossible.
In 2018 BEC attacks rose 133%. Financial losses are estimated at $12 billion a year. LIFARS can assist before the incident by assessing network security, implementing the appropriate policies and procedures, and recommending mitigation tactics. After a breach, LIFARS can help determine the initial access into the network, tactics of the adversaries, and infrastructure used to conduct the attack all in an effort to identify those responsible.
With industry leading experts in digital forensics and significant experience coordinating with financial institutions and law enforcement, LIFARS stands out as the premier cybersecurity firm to assist in preventing, detecting, and responding to business email compromises.
Targeted malware, phishing attacks and socially-engineered impersonation attacks still reach employee inboxes.
LIFARS experts in cybersecurity, risk management, and technical innovation help you meet your business and security objectives.


For the second time in three years, the Devils will pick first. The Devils selected center Nico Hischier with the top pick in the 2017 draft.
The 15 teams that did not qualify for the Stanley Cup Playoffs were all eligible to win the lottery. The Hawks had a 2.5 percent chance to pick first.
Well New York Rangers' fans, this is what the entire 2018-2019 season comes down to.
The night's other big victor was the Chicago Blackhawks, who went from No. 12 to No. 3 despite having just a 2.5 per cent chance of securing the top selection.
Entering the night, the Colorado Avalanche had the best odds (18.5 percent) at snagging the first overall pick. "Hopefully we get lucky and we get a high pick, but we are getting a good player", Red Wings general manager Ken Holland said ahead of the lottery.
The Detroit Red Wings should be able to add an impact player through the draft, in this piece we take a look at the top five draft options, plus the ideal situation in the second round. "I think Jack Hughes played well, and he was injured at World Juniors". "It's a great spot", Hughes said.
Teammates congratulate New Jersey Devils centre Travis Zajac after he scored the game winning goal against the Florida Panthers during the overtime period on Saturday, April 6, 2019, in Sunrise, Fla. Dating back to previous year, the Avs gained the pick thanks to the Matt Duchene deal that sent the Senators' first-round pick to Avalanche.
Ottawa, which finished 31st in the overall standings, could have sent the team's first pick at last June's draft to Colorado, but decided instead to keep the selection before drafting winger Brady Tkachuk at No. 4. In five of the past nine years, the National Hockey League team he has played for has ended up winning the top pick. Hughes also has elite vision, which combined with his shiftiness, allows him to exploit open ice and find teammates easily.


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HomePartners
Altern Limited is a renewable energy company set up with the objective to tackle issues related to sustainability. The company's goal is to promote cost-effective measures that can be easily be implemented, leading to a net reduction in our dependency on conventional fuels. Altern expertise lies within the sustainable energy sector, with focus on Energy Auditing, Energy Management, Solar Energy, LED Lighting, Battery Storage, Electro-mobility and Co-generation. Altern offers extensive experience in the design and build of solar energy projects on an industrial scale, as well as the manufacturing of custom built LED lighting.
Electrofix Ltd has been established since 1998. For the last 20 years, the company has consolidated its business through the various outstanding electrical and mechanical installations. In 2005, the company expanded its operation through the renewable & alternative energy industry becoming a market leader. Distinct solar panel installations have been carried out all over the island including the largest- to- date 2MWp solar farm at Medserv, Freeport.
In 2015, the company continued expanding its operations through its Fuel Station Development division. Subsequently, the company expanded its operations through offering IT services. Today the company employs over 50 employees including technical specialists, engineers, draughtspersons and administrative staff.
Electrofix Ltd mission remains that to bring value to its customers throughout each and every project whilst offering an environment for growth and development to all of its employees.
The ECOVIS Malta group forms part of Ecovis International, a global network specialising in tax advisory, accountancy, auditing and legal services. The origin of the name 'ECOVIS' stems from the terms 'economy' and 'vision', reflecting the international character of the network, its focus on the future, and prospects for growth. Apart from being a corporate services provider, ECOVIS Malta is also authorised by the MFSA to provide fiduciary and trustee services. ECOVIS Malta is also approved by the Malta Stock Exchange to act as a Corporate Advisor and to provide related services under the 'Prospects' SME platform listing on debt and equity markets.
Fenech & Fenech Advocates, founded in 1891, is one of the leading law firms in Malta. The firm has evolved to a full-service firm which is today a recognised leader in a number of areas including Shipping and Maritime Law, International Trade, Financial Services and TMT Law.
The firm draws on the human resources of its over 30 lawyers and its associated company, Fenlex Corporate Services, which enables it to offer circa 70 qualified persons to service the requirements of various clients.
Fenech & Fenech Advocates is a true multi-disciplinary firm catering fully for the needs and exigencies of the local as well as international market and ensuring that the demands of its diverse clients are always met on time. A number of service companies that form the Fenlex Group of Companies were incorporated as subsidiaries of the firm in order to ensure that the firm's clientele could benefit from even more comprehensive services.
The law firm is housed in three adjoining town houses that date back to the era of the Knights Hospitallier of St. John's presence in Malta (late 16th to early 17th century) in the heart of Valletta, Malta's capital, a UNESCO World Heritage City.
Allianz Group is a leading and highly regarded financial services provider founded in 1890 and headquartered in Munich, Germany. With over 140 000 employees worldwide and 86 million retail and corporate customers in 70 countries worldwide Allianz is offering its products and solutions in insurance and asset management.
The company is a Market leader in a German market and among the top 3 Property and Casualty insurers globally. Allianz is highly rated by rating agencies ( Moody's A3; S&P AA) and is a trusted partner in managing business risks.
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Xiaomi Mi 8 With 6.21-inch FHD+ AMOLED Display, Infrared Face Unlock, Snapdragon 845 SoC Launched; Price, Specs, Features, And More
In an event in China, Xiaomi has announced the company's latest flagship smartphone – Mi 8 at a starting price tag of 2699 Yuan (US $421). The Xiaomi Mi 8 comes in Black, Light Blue, Gold, and White colours and it will go on sale in China starting from June 5th. The Xiaomi Mi 8 comes in three variants – 6GB RAM with 64GB internal storage cost 2699 Yuan, 6GB RAM with 128GB internal storage cost 2999 Yuan (US $468) and 6GB RAM with 256GB internal storage cost 3299 Yuan (US $512).
Xiaomi Mi 8 Specifications
Display, Processor, Memory, and Operating System
On the specifications front, the Xiaomi Mi 8 features 6.21-inch FHD+ Samsung AMOLED display with a resolution of 1080 x 2248 pixels, 18.7:9 aspect ratio, 88.5% screen-to-body ratio, and support for Always On Display. It is powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 processor which is paired with Adreno 630 GPU & 6GB of LPDDR4X RAM. It runs on Android 8.1 Oreo operating system with MIUI 10 on top of it and 64GB/128GB/256GB internal storage.
Xiaomi Mi 8 Camera
On the camera side, the Xiaomi Mi 8 features 12-megapixel rear camera with Sony IMX363 sensor, 1.4µm pixel size, 4-axis optical image stabilization, Dual Pixel autofocus and a secondary 12-megapixel rear camera for AI portraits, AI scene recognition, and video detection. On the front, it features 20-megapixel selfie camera with f/2.0, 1.8µm pixel, AI portrait selfies with real-time background blur, AI Studio Light Effect, and beautify.
SIM Support, Connectivity Features, and Sensors
The Mi 8 has dual-SIM support and comes with connectivity features like 4G VoLTE, Wi-Fi (dual-band, 2.4GHz, and 5.0GHz), Bluetooth 5.0, NFC, dual-band GPS (with L1/L5 signal support, said to be the world's first phone with this feature), NFC that supports contactless payments, and USB Type-C. Other sensors on board both include an accelerometer, ambient light sensor, barometer, digital compass, gyroscope, infrared, and a proximity sensor.
Xiaomi Mi 8 Features
The Mi 8 features metal and glass design. The smartphone also has a fingerprint sensor on the back, face unlocks sensor which uses an infrared sensor, infrared lens, infrared lighting and it works even in dark by scanning 4096 facial points.
Dimensions, and Weight
The Mi 8 measures 154.90 x 74.80 x 7.60 (height x width x thickness), and weighs 175.00 grams.
Xiaomi Mi 8 Battery
The Mi 8 packs 3400mAh battery with support for Quick Charge 4+.
Xiaomi Mi 8 Quick Specs
Display: 6.21-inch Full HD+ AMOLED display with a resolution of 2248 × 1080 pixels, 18.7:9 aspect ratio, 600 nits brightness, 60000:1 contrast ratio, DCI-P3 color gamut
Processor: 2.8GHz Octa-Core Snapdragon 845 64-bit 10nm Processor which is paired with Adreno 630 GPU
Memory: 6GB LPDDR4x RAM with 64GB/128GB/256GB (UFS 2.1) storage
Operating System: Android 8.1 Oreo with MIUI 9, upgradable to MIUI 10
Rear Camera: 12MP rear camera with 26mm wide-angle lens, 1/2.6″ Sony IMX363 sensor, f/1.8 aperture, 1.4µm pixel size, dual-tone LED flash, 4-axis OIS, Optical zoom, 4K video recording, secondary 12MP rear camera with Samsung S5K3M3 sensor, f/2.4 aperture, 1.0µm pixel size, 2X zoom
Front Camera: 20MP front-facing camera with real-time AI portraits
Face Unlock Yes, IR Face unlock
Fingerprint Sensor: Yes
Dimensions: 154.9 × 74.8x 7.6 mm
Connectivity: Dual 4G VoLTE, WiFi 802.11ac dual-band (2×2 MU-MIMO ), Bluetooth 5, Dual-frequency (L1+L5) GPS/GLONASS/Beidou, NFC, USB Type-C
Battery: 3400mAh battery with Quick Charge 4+ fast charging
Xiaomi Mi 8 comes in Black, Light Blue, Gold, and White colours and it will go on sale in China starting from June 5th. The Xiaomi Mi 8 comes in three variants - 6GB RAM with 64GB inbuilt storage cost US $421, 6GB RAM with 128GB inbuilt storage cost US $468 and 6GB RAM with 256GB inbuilt storage cost US $512


Resources for finding a consultant or contractor to assist with assessment and clean-up of hazardous material releases and regulatory compliance can be found here. There is also Information regarding Dioxin in the greater Oroville area, as well as information on where to dispose of household hazardous waste and appliances. Links to California hazardous material and waste laws (Health and Safety Code) and regulations (California Code of Regulations) are additionally provided in this section.


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The 2019 Audi RS5 Preview
AutomaaticOct 17, 2018
Audi has answered the wishes of drivers in the USA. The RS5 offers not only a convenient Sportback model of this popular design but one which relies on an engine also found in the Porsche Panamera 4S and European Audi RS4 Avant. Audi has made most of the tech features standard since that's what their American customers tend to order anyway. And the RS5 includes customizable power distribution and ride. Based on the popular A7-family, the Audi RS5 Sportback falls short of its coupe cousin introduced last year. It reaches 60 mph from a standstill in only 3.8 seconds, rather than 3.7. But for that buyers get a five-door configuration.
First, what difference is implied by the RS designation?
It means that the performance-minded folks at Audi Sport in Neckarsulm, Germany have put their hearts into this model. One change they've made from the S5, for instance, is to trim the engine displacement and make it a twin-turbo powerplant. "RS" derives from the German RennSport, conveniently "racing sport" in English, signifying a top Audi trim level and typically limited production vehicle.
What are the engine stats?
This popular engine, shared with the Porsche Panamera 4S and the European Audi RS4 Avant, represents a reduction from a single-turbo 3.0-liter engine on the S5 to 2.9 liters for the RS5, adjusting to accommodate the boost from the twin turbo that's been added. The gain in this transaction is a total of 444 horsepower, 443-lb-ft of torque at a nice low 1900 RPM. Putting that much power to the road in the RS5 has produced a number of other design challenges for Audi's Sport division.
What transmissions are available?
The RS5 comes with an eight-speed automatic which has a manual shift mode. It's a little slower in shifting because it's a single-clutch transmission, but the reason is that Audi's dual-clutch transmissions can't currently handle the RS5 engine's torque. There's one available for the Porsche implementation of this powerplant, but so far it's an exclusive for them.
Top SUVsLuxury SedansPickup Trucks
What tech features does the 2019 Audi RS5 offer?
The Sport division put their touches to the interior and electronics for the full RS experience. For touring, buyers can add the RS Driver's Assistance package with the full range of technology from adaptive cruise control, lane assist and traffic sign recognition to a 360-degree camera and head-up display. Below 40 miles per hours, automated steering makes the car a driving partner for commuting or mountain wandering. Standard tech includes the 12.3-inch Virtual Cockpit, integrated navigation and internet connectivity, plus wireless smartphone charging. Sound system options are likely to be Bang & Olufsen, but reviewers seem to find the car's own sounds, enhanced by the Dynamic Package's sport exhaust, reason to turn down the radio.
What interior features will passengers and drivers enjoy in the RS5?
In the Audi RS5 Sportback, one key interior feature is roominess. Even though it has a sloping roof and rear hatch, there is room for five people. Seating for four of those has enough support to enjoy a fun ride and a center armrest in the back which pulls down for utility on family trips. In the front, S Sport seats provide comfort on the track or long trips. If there's no one in the rear, the seats fold down for plenty of hatch-accessible space. The instrument cluster is standard Audi, but the virtual cockpit adds RS-specific features.
What are the performance, ride and handling adjustment capabilities?
The sport suspension offers dynamic ride control, in which drivers can trade a bit of the excellence-in-cornering for passenger comfort. In performance, word has it; there are no trade-offs necessary for the RS5. The Quattro all-wheel-drive provides handling adjustments, allowing up to 85 percent of the power to be addressed rearward, with a sport differential evening the distribution of power to each side. The Dynamic Package not only allows adjustment of the ride but provides the Dynamic Steering option which provides variable assist and ratio choices.
What options should buyers consider on the 2019 Audi RS5?
The Dynamic Package, mentioned here, provides everything from comfort and steering adjustments to a nice resonant sport exhaust. There's also the RS Driver's Assistance Package, with pretty much all of the modern technology drivers look for, tuned for the RS-class owner.
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2017 label design winner Daisy Rennie with Active Schools Coordinator Sam Main.
The countdown is on. There is only one week left to enter a competition to design the label which will appear on water bottles handed out at the BHGE 10k Running Festival this May. Entry Deadline for label designs is 12pm on Monday 12th March 2018.
Deeside Mineral Water, the official water partner of the BHGE 10K Running Festival, is running a competition for local children to design the label for the water bottles that will be handed out on race day to over four thousand runners.
Young people from schools across Aberdeen City are being called upon to design labels which will encourage children to drink more water and highlight the importance of staying hydrated.
This is the third year that Deeside Mineral Water have run the water bottle label design competition in partnership with Sport Aberdeen, with over 100 entries received from children across the city last year.
The winning design will be made into the water bottle label that will be handed out to everyone taking part in the BHGE 10k Running Festival on Sunday 20th May 2018.
The winning designer will have the chance to be part of the official 10k race start and be invited to attend a special tour of the Deeside Mineral Water facilities where they can see their label being applied on to the bottles.
The BHGE 10k Running Festival is the North East's longest running road race and is organised by registered charity Sport Aberdeen in partnership with BHGE.
"We have been hugely impressed by previous designs and are thoroughly looking forward to seeing more entries this year. Sport Aberdeen and Deeside Mineral Water are asking local children to think up new and inspiring ways to encourage their peers to drink more water and highlight the importance of staying hydrated, especially while running a race!
"For the last two years we have welcomed the winner to the factory at Ballater to see their label design come to life. As 2018 is Scotland's Year of Young People we're delighted to be launching this competition again, aimed at primary school children. It proved to be a great talking point with the runners on the day and we look forward to seeing what ideas the children create."


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Photos and objects
Educating 1
Blumenbach
Bullock's exhibition
National skull
Schreiners
H. Bryn
Eye colors
Hair-colors
"Lappish race"
"Nordic race"
Race hygiene
J. A. Mjøen
Nazism and race
International anti-rasism
DNA technology
Kyllingstad
Lefkaditou
Fossheim
Prof. Bonnevies arkiv
Norsk teknisk museuem
FOLK – From racial types to DNA sequences
Jon Røyne Kyllingstad
Jon Røyne Kyllingstad (PhD) is the leader of this project and is responsible for the study "Racial typology and genetic research, and constructions of biological difference between Sami and Non-Sami Scandinavians (1945-2012)". Kyllingstad is a historian specializing in the history of science, knowledge and academic institutions in the late 19th and the early 20th century, and has for many years been interested in ideas about race and human differences. He has participated in writing a multi-volume work on the history of the University of Oslo. He has studied the development of disciplines like oceanography, meteorology, biology, historiography, archaeology, linguistics, ethnography, folkloristic, biology, medicine and physical anthropology in Norway.
Before joining the Museum for University and Science History as Associate Professor, he worked as Senior Curator at The Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology.
Jon R. Kyllingstad
Kyllingstad, J. R., 2017. "The absence of race in Norway", Journal of Anthropological Studies, volume 95, pages 319–327.
Kyllingstad, J. R., Lefkaditou, A., 2015. Book review: "Eugenics and physical anthropology in Hungary and Greece", part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. Volume 49, pages 70-74.
Lefkaditou A., Kyllingstad J. R., 2015. Book review: "Discussing the biocultural approach to race". Science & Education, volume 24 (9), pages 1263–1269.
Kyllingstad J. R., Lefkaditou A., 2015. "Finnes det raser?" Morgenbladet online, 22. mai 2015.
Kyllingstad J. R., 2014. "Measuring the master race: Physical anthropology in Norway 1890-1945". Cambrigde, UK: OpenBook Publishers.
Kyllingstad J. R., 2014. "The concept of a Lappish race: Norwegian research on Sami skeletal remains in the interwar years" in "Old Bones. Osteoarchaeology in Norway: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", ed. B. J. Sellevold. Oslo, Norway: Novus forlag.
Universitetet i Oslo: Kulturhistorisk museum, avdeling for universitetshistorie
Medprodusenter
Árran julesáme guovdásj/lulesamisk senter
Grorud Ungdomsråd
Setesdalsmuseet
Utstillingen mottar støtte fra
Fritt Ord
The exhibition is developed in cooperation with
Museum of Cultural History, Section for Museum of University and Science History
Co-producers
Árran Lule Sami center
Grorud Youth Council
The Setesdal Museum
The Research Council of Norway
The Fritt Ord Foundation


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James Denyer
A hotch potch of travel and photography
Furlough: Day 3
April Fools Day, but there was nothing funny about it. Mostly because we completely forgot. No harm done, I'm sure.
Today was more leisurely than the previous two days. We started the day all getting stuck on a BBC Bitesize maths question. All of us. It wasn't a difficult question (for me), but my method of figuring it out probably wouldn't be included in the national curriculum, so I had to actually find a way of calculating the answer whilst showing my workings. GCSE maths was 30 years ago for me and, even as a computer programmer, I've yet to need long division and show my workings. It's all been lost in the mists of time.
I eventually found an inefficient method of doing the division using multiplication and addition.
My next task was to create a timetable for my daughter. Knowing that she's a self-starter, I felt that setting start times was unnecessary, so we settled for a simple checklist of subjects to work on each day. I suspect my son will end up using this method too as we're not doing a great job of sticking to the schedule.
Personally, I managed to go out for a 5k run and spent 30 minutes practising on the guitar. I also spent about an hour trying to sort out my failing wifi connection on my PC.
On reflection, I thought I would have more time to myself, but the reality is that this is less like school holidays because I need to engage more with the kids' homework. This has been quite tiring at times and not so rewarding. Looking forward to the weekend!
Author jamesPosted on 2 April, 2020 2 April, 2020 Categories FurloughTags furloughLeave a comment on Furlough: Day 3
The kids and I were full of good intentions. My daughter had started on her Year 7 geography of her own accord, which was great. My son and I sat down to create a schedule – I know there are arguments against this, but there needed to be some structure to his day.
I thought he could create it in Google Calendar, that way he could eventually join my wife and I in our shared calendar. He took to this idea quite well and set up a basic schedule running from 9am to 3pm. We agreed it's not a strict schedule and there are some fun things in there like A WHOLE HOUR for lunch, quiet time and a little bit of time for planning the following day together. And we progressed with the day…
He'd already completed BBC Bitesize maths and was up for some artwork. I figured drawing from observation would be easy, so I grabbed the nearest toy, a plastic tank, from a nearby box of toy soldiers. I used to love drawing tanks, but in reality, I used to love making up my own tanks rather than drawing what I saw. The boy is a chip off my own block and I could sense resistance to that idea.
I pushed a little further and he told me that the tank was too difficult. Ok then, a jeep with a rocket on the back (is that even a thing?). He accepted this and proceeded to disappoint himself by drawing a jeep which didn't look like the jeep in front of him. "This is too hard", he said. "You're telling me", I thought.
I gave him some guidance on how he could draw a more realistic picture of the jeep, but the damage was done. He was in a STROP.
After some unsuccessful encouragement, I called in Mrs Furlough to assist. Five minutes later and art was abandoned and he was now the leader in our family band and we were to perform a concert later in the day. We needed a band name (Apple Maoams), a logo and some songs. Enthusiasm restored, he was back in the game (minus the jeep).
Our band was a roaring success. We had a keyboard, guitar, some made-up percussion and a lead vocalist. I stuck with the guitar, which I can't really play, but managed to find the notes for Baby Shark, some of Happy Birthday and some of that Bad Lip Reading song where Yoda sings about seagulls. I think it saved the day.
Furlough Opportunities
Slow Down and Think
6 Craft Ales to Try Over The Festive Period – Resepna Star – Good Food Good Life on 300 Beers To Try Before You Die!
james on 300 Beers To Try Before You Die!
Simon on 300 Beers To Try Before You Die!
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The objective of this research is to develop an efficient and accurate methodology to resolve flow non-linearity of fluid-structural interaction. To achieve this purpose, a numerical strategy to apply the detached-eddy simulation (DES) with a fully coupled fluid-structural interaction model is established for the first time. The following novel numerical algorithms are also created: a general sub-domain boundary mapping procedure for parallel computation to reduce wall clock simulation time, an efficient and low diffusion E-CUSP (LDE) scheme used as a Riemann solver to resolve discontinuities with minimal numerical dissipation, and an implicit high order accuracy weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme to capture shock waves. The Detached-Eddy Simulation is based on the model proposed by Spalart in 1997. Near solid walls within wall boundary layers, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved. Outside of the wall boundary layers, the 3D filtered compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved based on large eddy simulation(LES). The Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is solved to provide the Reynolds stresses in the RANS region and the subgrid scale stresses in the LES region. An improved 5th order finite differencing weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme with an optimized epsilon value is employed for the inviscid fluxes. The new LDE scheme used with the WENO scheme is able to capture crisp shock profiles and exact contact surfaces. A set of fully conservative 4th order finite central differencing schemes are used for the viscous terms. The 3D Navier-Stokes equations are discretized based on a conservative finite differencing scheme, which is implemented by shifting the solution points half grid interval in each direction on the computational domain. The solution points are hence located in the center of the grid cells in the computational domain (not physical domain). This makes it possible to use the same code structure as a 2nd order finite volume method. A finite differencing high order WENO scheme is used since a finite differencing WENO scheme is much more efficient than a finite volume WENO scheme. The unfactored line Gauss-Seidel relaxation iteration is employed for time marching. For the time accurate unsteady simulation, the temporal terms are discretized using the 2nd order accuracy backward differencing. A pseudo temporal term is introduced for the unsteady calculation following Jameson's method. Within each physical time step, the solution is iterated until converged based on pseudo time step. A general sub-domain boundary mapping procedure is developed for arbitrary topology multi-block structured grids with grid points matched on sub-domain boundaries. The interface of two adjacent blocks is uniquely defined according to each local mesh index system (MIS) which is specified independently. A pack/unpack procedure based on the definition of the interface is developed to exchange the data in a 1D array to minimize data communication. A secure send/receive procedure is employed to remove the possibility of blocked communication and achieve optimum parallel computation efficiency. Two terms, "Order" and "Orientation", are introduced as the logics defining the relationship of adjacent blocks. The domain partitioning treatment of the implicit matrices is to simply discard the corner matrices so that the implicit Gauss-Seidel iteration can be implemented within each subdomain. This general sub-domain boundary mapping procedure is demonstrated to have high scalability. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to test the performance of the numerical algorithms. The LDE scheme is compared with the Roe scheme for their behavior with RANS simulation. Both the LDE and the Roe scheme can use high CFL numbers and achieve high convergence rates for the algebraic Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. For the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model, the extra equation changes the Jacobian of the Roe scheme and weakens the diagonal dominance. It reduces the maximum CFL number permitted by the Roe scheme and hence decreases the convergence rate. The LDE scheme is only slightly affected by the extra equation and maintains high CFL number and convergence rate. The high stability and convergence rate using the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is important since the DES uses the same transport equation for the turbulence stresses closure. The RANS simulation with the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is the foundation for DES and is hence validated with other transonic flows including a 2D subsonic flat plate turbulent boundary layer, 2D transonic inlet-diffuser, 2D RAE2822 airfoil, 3D ONERA M6 wing, and a 3D transonic duct with shock boundary layer interaction. The predicted results agree very well with the experiments. The RANS code is then further used to study the slot size effect of a co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil. The DES solver with fully coupled fluid-structural interaction methodology is validated with vortex induced vibration of a cylinder and a transonic forced pitching airfoil. For the cylinder, the laminar Navier-Stokes equations are solved due to the low Reynolds number. The 3D effects are observed in both stationary and oscillating cylinder simulation because of the flow separations behind the cylinder. For the transonic forced pitching airfoil DES computation, there is no flow separation in the flow field. The DES results agree well with the RANS results. These two cases indicate that the DES is more effective on predicting flow separation. The DES code is used to simulate the limited cycle oscillation of NLR7301 airfoil. For the cases computed in this research, the predicted LCO frequency, amplitudes, averaged lift and moment, all agree excellently with the experiment. The solutions appear to have bifurcation and are dependent on the initial perturbation. The developed methodology is able to capture the LCO with very small amplitudes measured in the experiment. This is attributed to the high order low diffusion schemes, fully coupled FSI model, and the turbulence model used. This research appears to be the first time that a numerical simulation of LCO matches the experiment. The DES code is also used to simulate the CFJ airfoil jet mixing at high angle of attack. In conclusion, the numerical strategy of the high order DES with fully coupled FSI model and parallel computing developed in this research is demonstrated to have high accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. Future work to further maturate the methodology is suggested.
Wang, Baoyuan, "Detached-Eddy Simulation of Flow Non-Linearity of Fluid-Structural Interactions using High Order Schemes and Parallel Computation" (2009). Open Access Dissertations. 221.