text:
Q: Unable to pass IEnumerable into a function that is looking for IEnumerable I have a collection of objects:
 IEnumerable<Triangle>

These objects support an interface IShape but i am getting an error trying to pass this into a function that is asking for:
 IEnumerable<IShape>

*

*Why can't I pass this in?

*Is there any workaround to convert one to the other to get this to work?

A: In .NET 4, this should be supported, as IEnumerable<T> is declared to be covariant, i.e. the declaration is really IEnumerable<out T>. In .NET 3.5, that is not the case, and you would need to use a workaround such as
triangles.Cast<IShape>()

(It's worth noting this was a language feature evolution as well; that is, if you somehow were able to use C# 3 with .NET 4, it would still not work, because support for co- and contravariance was not added to C# until version 4 of the language.)
An excellent explanation of co- and contravariance can be found in Jon Skeet's C# in Depth,  section 13.3.

A: It's simple:
IEnumerable<Triangle> does not inherit from and is not assignable to IEnumerable<IShape>*
There is no relationship of that kind between the two types.  It sounds like you really want a function more like this:
void MyFunction<T>(IEnumerable<T> items) where T : IShape

That says, "give me a function that accepts any IEnumerable<T> where the T inherits from IShape".  Alternatively, you could use the .Cast<T>() extension method (it's surprisingly performant).
* On your version of the .Net Framework


- I am having a weird problem with the OpenLog. When connected directly to a hardware-based serial (for example RX/TX-Pins 0/1 at an Arduino) I can easily use the logger.
Clearly, not all characters are transmitted properly. Seems to start out well and to fail later in the sequence... .
- am I missing here something in my program? Or is the problem here caused by speed mismatches between the Arduino and OpenLog?
Hrmm - sounds like a buffer/timing problem. You can't really read in serial via software and then output it via hardware. You're bound to lose some characters.
- thanks very much for the hints. I modified the code to use your suggested buffered approach, but the results were inconclusive. Sometimes, I did get some correct response from OpenLog to commands, but again only partially, sometimes, the whole string send back was garbled.
I investigated the issue a little bit further however.
This resulted in the described transmission errors. Note that commands to the OpenLog-device are routed in this setup over a softserial link on pins 2/3, and answers of the device back the chain accordingly. Again, this setup does not work, neither in buffered nor in unbuffered modes.
with the same command-mirroring program as above. Here, the Arduino UART is talking to OpenLog (instead of NewSoftSerial). Otherwise, the setup is pretty much the same as the original one.
And: - this setup works! (PC to Arduino speed was on 57600, OpenLog on default speed 9600 in both cases, but I am rather sure that the speeds do not matter much).
So I think it is indeed a timing issue what is causing the problem here. It seems that somehow the OpenLog device has a timing which is not handled well with the NewSoftSerial lib (or the other way around).
Btw: the issue seems to be reproduecable: a second OpenLog device I tested showed the same characteristics.
Is there any chance to get this device going with the NewSoftSerial or a similar library in the way described? That would be most helpful!
I found this old code of Nathan Seidle (viewtopic.php?t=21438) where he's also using NewSoftserial to communicate with OpenLog.
The above output was copied right from the Arduino IDE serial monitor.
I did this test with two different OpenLogs units, with different SD-cards, with different Arduino-board - always with the same issues.
These results were obtained with a simple setup using a standard Duemilanove and an OpenLog, connected by 4 wires: Vcc was connected to 5 Volts, GND to GND, digital pin 8 to TXO, digital pin 9 to RXI.
Obviously, what OpenLog is doing is not what it is indented to do.
Checking the SD reveals that the file "test.log" gets created, but has some funny chars in it. I am currently using the lastest NewSoftserial-lib, but the problem did show up with earlier versions as well. Since that stuff works fine when using the hardware UART, it looks like OpenLog is quite picky about baud rates?
Does anyone has a clue about what is going on?
RX using software can be glitchy. The interrupts have to catch the data at the right time or it's lost. TX using newsoftserial should work perfectly fine.
If I were you, I'd issue a command using newsoftserial and ignore the response. Basically issue commands and then wait a bit before the next command. If you need to read the data back then you need a buffered serial line. Either put the openlog on the hardware side or get an Arduino mega with 4 real ports.
Maybe issue a command wait for a known 'command successful' response. On a no 'correct response' timeout, re-request the command. Loop.... I don't know if that would work, but it might be worth a try. Perhaps slowing the baud rate so more interrupts occur.
- thnx Dave for your comments! I fully agree with your analysis.
One interesting point you mentioned is that TX should succeed in any case, as the OpenLog is using the more tolerant hardware UART. I had overlooked that fact until now!
However, the test with Nathan Seidle's code cited above creates a "test.log" file, and I have checked after reading your reply the content of the file created: weird chars are found in the "test.log" file - suggesting that even TX does not succeed fully.
* Serial communication with OpenLog using hardware UART works.
* Serial communication with OpenLog using NewSoftserial does not work.
This was tested with the 2 OpenLog devices (running 1.5 and 1.6 versions of the OpenLog code) and various Arduino boards.
A further point worth noting: if I replace the OpenLog device with another Arduino (or Boarduino, or Arduino Pro Mini), the serial communication link using NewSoftserial works like a charm!
Therefore, at the moment I strongly suspect a problem in the serial communication part of the OpenLog device(s).
I'll give it a try when I get some free time. Most likely late Wed. I'll let you know what I find.
Sorry it took a while, I had a dead microSd chip.
Here's what I found so far.
When reading data using nss, you have to force the arduino to wait till all the characters are done being received.
As for sending data to OpenLog, I haven't written any code to test it, but I do know that OpenLog dumps it's buffer after a certain amount of data is collected. I believe I remember reading that when it dumps, it may lose data if the steam is continuous.
thanks for your comments! The interesting thing is that even the original code by Nathan Seidle (link above) fails with my 2 OpenLogs units, in both transmit directions.
I simply might have two weird OpenLogs, as the same serial setup (using NSS), only between two Arduinos, works flawlessly.
In future projects, I will be using the hardware UART of the Arduino for communication with the Openlog device and NSS for the communication link to the outside. That should work.
commands for receiving return data.
rea <fie> <tart <lngth <tye>		 WrtesASCI <legth>pars of<fil> tothe ermnal tartng a <strt. Omt <sart>and lenth> o red whle ile.<typ> 1 rint inASCI, 2in HX.
I have rx set to pin 6 and tx set to pin 7. GRN connected to reset on the Arduino. Otherwise I have GND and VCC to 5V connected. Changing the baud rate does not improve things.
Is there any advice on how to fix this?


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3 LA Chargers who could switch positions like Tim Tebow
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA - MAY 27: Tim Tebow #85 of the Jacksonville Jaguars participates in drills during Jacksonville Jaguars Training Camp at TIAA Bank Field on May 27, 2021 in Jacksonville, Florida. (Photo by Sam Greenwood/Getty Images)
(Photo by Joe Scarnici/Getty Images) – LA Chargers
Tim Tebow has taken the NFL world by storm as he has foregone professional baseball and is now singed with the Jacksonville Jaguars not as a quarterback, but a tight end. Sure, there is Taysom HIll potential there, but there is no way he makes the roster… right?
All we have to say is that it is probably a good thing that the LA Chargers did not hire Urban Meyer. Not only does Brandon Staley seem like the real deal but the Chargers would not have to deal with Tebowmania.
It does spark a fun conversation that was inspired by our friends over at The Viking Age: what if a current Charger wanted to come back in multiple years and try out at a new position?
While unlikely, because the Tebow thing is ridiculous to begin with, we still wanted to have some fun with this idea.
Here are recent LA Chargers who could have tried their luck at another position:
1. Melvin Ingram, tight end
Okay, Melvin Ingram technically is not a member of the LA Chargers and by the time this article comes across your screen he might have signed with another team. The last snap he played was with the Chargers and quite frankly, I personally think it makes sense to bring him back at this point.
Regardless, Melvin Ingram could absolutely do what Tebow is doing and try out for a tight end position. He would obviously have to work on his craft but he has the athleticism and speed to be a decent depth tight end that is physical and blocks.
In fact, Ingram joked around back in 2018 that he wanted to get some reps at tight end and even went one-on-one with defensive backs in practice. It was not in pads or even at full speed, but Ingram does have a little wiggle in his route-running.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Friday, March 10 at the Audubon Center in Winter Haven, fourteen Science, Technology, Engineering, ARTS and Math (STEAM) scholars from Chain of Lakes Collegiate High School (COL) presented hands-on STEM activities to support the "Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds, Oh MY!" project at Chain of Lakes Elementary school.
The collaboration was envisioned by Chain of Lakes Principal, Bridget Fetter, COL STEM Coordinator, Dr. Suzanne Halverson and Polk County schools educator, Jessica Fredricks.
Shortly thereafter, the group began to formulate the educational pathway for both student groups, which included teaching moments where COL students would provide hands-on learning opportunities for the first grade students.
Propelling the program was a $2,000 AT&T STEM @ Work grant, provided to Chain of Lakes Elementary through the Polk Education Foundation and the Consortium of Florida Education Foundations. This competitive grant was awarded to only two schools in Polk County. In addition, Polk State Chain of Lakes Collegiate High School also received monies from the Polk Education Foundation for STEAM activities and will host six elementary workshops in April and May.
"The importance of this partnership with Chain of Lakes Collegiate High School STEAM scholars and Chain of Lakes Elementary School was an opportunity for STEAM scholars to mentor elementary school-aged students with innovative teaching practices (i.e. hands-on learning activities and movement activities) through the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Math," said Halverson.
COL students spent several weeks preparing their topics of discovery. The students were divided into six groups and each group selected a topic which they wanted to "teach" to the students including: Microplastics, Birds, Trees and Plant Life, The Water Cycle, Animal Movements, and Underwater Robotics. The STEAM students then created full lesson plans incorporating games, colorful bulletin boards, movements, and exhibits to engage the students in a deeper, more intentional learning experience.
Halverson commented, "The student interaction was incredible." She continued, "It was a unique opportunity to observe the relationship between the STEAM scholars and elementary school-aged students at each STEAM rotation. At each STEAM rotation, students of all ages were engaged through STEAM activities, excited about STEAM topics, and ready to learn the adventure for the students is not yet complete.
On April 21, the elementary students will journey to Chain of Lakes Collegiate High School to dissect owl pellets and engineer animal robots.
To learn more about Polk State's three collegiate high schools, please visit: https://www.polk.edu/charter-high-schools/. To see more photos from the event, please visit the photo gallery at https://www.polk.edu/news/amphibians-reptiles-birds-oh/.


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Florida police chief under fire for joking about using Taser on mentally ill homeless man: report
IRS relaunches Get My Payment portal for 2nd coronavirus stimulus
In Florida, worsening heat puts more people at risk
TV Guy
Will Ferrell hosts 'SNL'; Grammys salute Broadway
By Hal Boedeker
Will Ferrell, right, will host 'Saturday Night Live' for a fourth time, and Chris Stapleton, left, is the musical guest. (Rosalind O'Connor/NBC)
The Grammys will supply the hoopla this weekend. If you need laughs, several old favorites are ready to deliver.
"Saturday Night Live" enlists Will Ferrell as host for a fourth time at 11:30 p.m. Saturday on NBC. He was a cast member from 1995 to 2002, so he may brush off some familiar routines. But current events and the White House will give the writers a lot to lampoon. They certainly responded last weekend, when Jessica Chastain hosted an above-average episode. The musical guest this weekend is Grammy nominee Chris Stapleton, who performs at Sunday's event in New York.
"Real Time With Bill Maher" should offer a rip-roaring monologue at 10 p.m. Friday on HBO. The interview guests will be businessman Roger McNamee and actress Zooey Deschanel ("New Girl"). The panel will be New York Times columnist Michelle Goldberg; Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif.; and Republican strategist Rick Wilson. Goldberg is one of President Donald Trump's most forceful critics.
The Grammys start at 7:30 p.m. Sunday on CBS, and James Corden is hosting the big night at Madison Square Garden. The major awards are album of the year and record of the year. Look for Kendrick Lamar to win the former for "Damn," and Bruno Mars to take the latter for "24K Magic." Lamar, U2 and Dave Chappelle will reportedly open the show. Other performers include Mars, SZA, Sting, Lady Gaga, Little Big Town, P!nk, Rihanna, Sam Smith, Logic and Kesha. The collaborations include Elton John with Miley Cyrus; Emmylou Harris with Chris Stapleton; and Zuleyka Rivera with Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee. The Grammys will salute Broadway with help from Tony winners Patti LuPone and Ben Platt.
The alternatives to the Grammys — at p.m. Sunday — include "Shark Tank" on ABC, the next episode of "Victoria" on PBS "Masterpiece" and the season finale of "Shameless" on Showtime. At 10 p.m. HBO offers a new "Divorce," and Showtime has critics' favorite "The Chi."
Latest TV Guy
Jennifer Lopez blasts Super Bowl 'too sexy' critics: 'It was a celebration of women and Latino culture'
RuPaul's 'Saturday Night Live' hosting debut overrun by Democratic candidates
Review: From paper to, finally, the screen, Netflix adaptation of 'Locke & Key' is a good attempt but not entirely magical
For hoopla closer to home, try the NFL's Pro Bowl, which wll be played in Orlando's Camping World Stadium. ABC and ESPN offer the game at 3 p.m. Sunday. Sean McDonough and Matt Hasselbeck are the announcers when the AFC and NBC stars meet.
ABC's "20/20" follows up on the shocking story of Lawrence Nassar, the former doctor to the USA Gymnastics team, at 10 p.m. Friday. He was sentenced to 40 to 175 years in prison for sex crimes — 156 women testified against him. Elizabeth Vargas talks to some of those survivors, who raise questions about why they were not protected from the abuse.
The new episodes Friday include "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" and "Jane the Virgin" on The CW, "Blindspot" and "Taken" on NBC, and "Child Support" and "Marvel's Agents of SHIELD" on ABC.
hboedeker@orlandosentinel.com and 407-420-5756.
Combined Mega Millions, Powerball jackpots surpass $1.5 billion


Made using 300 series anti-pill symmetry fabric, Regatta Thor Fleece is versatile enough to be worn under a larger coat or jacket, or it can be worn on top of a t-shirt or polo. With fleece cuffs, other features include two zipped lower pockets and an adjustable shock cord hem. Available in a range of colours, the fleece provides a great surface for embroidery so you can add your business logo or other personalised designs – perfect for staff uniforms and promotional events.
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December 1st is Giving Tuesday! Here's Ways to Give to the Glade Run Lake Conservancy
Written by T. Lyle Ferderber, with contributions by Peter Walker, board members with the Glade Run Lake Conservancy
If you're thinking about supporting a local non-profit this Giving Tuesday, December 1, 2020, please consider supporting the Glade Run Lake Conservancy!
The Glade Run Lake Conservancy (GRLC) was founded in 2011 and achieved its status as an official non-profit organization in 2012. It was and continues to be supported by members (who pay annual dues) as well as other community supporters.
Lake reflection (Glade Run Lake). Photo courtesy of David Brooke.
Our organization as well as Glade Run Lake is reliant on you to help fund important projects including trail development efforts and watershed protection tasks. Additionally, expenses not often thought about, but still very important to fund, include board and liability insurance, mailing costs, and website hosting fees (among other things). All of this combined is what comprises the work of the GRLC, and the reasons why we need your continued help in order to continue doing what we do!
Note: The GRLC board members are not paid for their service, but rather are volunteers dedicated to and passionate about Glade Run Lake. As such, we rely on the goodness of our community and its members to keep our organization going.
The following photo slider shows each of the current board members of the GRLC. In order from left to right: Siggy Pehel (President), Becky Miller (Vice President), Carol Jakubovic (Secretary), T. Lyle Ferderber (Treasurer), David Fowler, Susie Salter, Susan Acon, Amy Jewitt, Roy Weitzell, Peter Walker, Karlee Holmes, and Lisa Busa.
GRLC IN ACTION
If you're not already familiar with the work of the GRLC, you might be wondering what it is that we do every month. Well, here's a quick rundown:
Barred owl at Glade Run Lake. Photo courtesy of David Brooke.
We create as much habitat as possible for fish, bats, birds, and four-legged critters drawn to the edges of the lake.
We monitor the lake's water quality and compare it against established baselines in order to detect any potential contaminants or problems before they get out of hand.
We work with local landowners to preserve land and the feeder streams around the lake.
We maintain the new walking trail that so many people enjoy, especially in these challenging times during COVID-19.
We support the boy scouts who have created so many great Eagle Scout projects.
We are remodeling the old concession stand (located near the boat launch) into a brand new picnic pavilion.
Additionally, the return of the lake (after being drained for several years) means that both girl and boy scouts as well as first responders have a place to learn and practice their water skills.
Bog bridges recently built by an Eagle Scout now allow hikers to keep their feet dry along wet areas of the walking trail at Glade Run Lake.
WHO SUPPORTS THE GRLC?
Members and supporters of the GRLC include a variety of people, including individuals like a young girl scout who saved her pennies and gifted the GRLC over $200 after hearing of the lake's plight.
Or the young man, Evan Kremer, (pictured on the early GRLC brochures) who scoured the dry lake with his dad, saved and cleaned fishing lures found, and had his own garage sale, all in an effort to support the lake. His hard work resulted in a gift of hundreds of dollars to the GRLC!
Evan Kremer worked hard to donate hundreds of dollars to the GRLC, funds that would help bring the lake back after it had been drained in 2011.


How do you know when something bad is coming?
I was recently asked how prevelant tornado sirens are in the metro area and thought that would be a good discussion to have. Tornado and alert sirens do exist in some municipalities in the Denver metro area but not all. Boulder has a system (primarily due to flood dangers) as does the city of Denver itself. Many of the other suburbs however do not. Unfortunately, Thornton does not which to me is somewhat odd as in 1981 Thornton was struck by one of the few tornadoes to have hit the metro area so you would think that would have caused them to consider building a system back then. If you are reading this and live in another municipality, give them a call to find out if one is available in your area.
The sirens definitely do provide a service to the community. However, USA Today just had an article discussing these types of systems and pointing out that they were expensive to maintain and of limited effectiveness. Some municipalities have depended on reverse 911 systems to alert residents but it is my opinion that these to are limited because they rely on someone being home to answer the phone. What if you are in an area park and a tornado is coming? People today are very mobile and a solution that takes that into account and can warn people wherever they are would be ideal.
The city of Dacono recently deployed a system that I think Thornton should give some thought to. You can read more about it here but in essence residents can sign up to receive alerts on their home phone, cellular phone and email. Within a matter of seconds, thousands of subscribers can be notified of everything from weather events to disaster updates to AMBER alerts for much less than the cost of a siren system. ThorntonWeather.com is going to be discussing the idea of this type of system with Thornton City Council members in coming weeks so be sure to check back to see what we learn.
In the meantime, probably the best way to ensure you are warned about approaching dangers is to purchase what is commonly known as a "weather radio." These radios are relatively inexpensive (around $40.00) and allow you to listen to and monitor the NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) system. NWR broadcasts official Weather Service warnings, watches, and forecasts as well as other hazard information like earthquakes, avalanches, chemical spills, and even AMBER alerts. These broadcasts continually run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and provide a great way to stay up to date with developing weather conditions. One of these radios is actually what broadcasts our weather radio system here on ThorntonWeather.com.
Some of the nicer units even use what is called SAME – Specific Alert Message Encoding – which I would highly recommend. In essence you program in a code for the area in which you live and the radio will automatically turn on and sound an alert when something of note is in your area. These weather radios are very popular in rural areas in Tornado Alley but as we saw last week in Windsor, they definitely can be useful here along the Front Range as well. More information about the system can be found on the National Weather Service's website and you can find these at many electronics retailers, particularly those on the Internet like Amazon or NewEgg.
Which weather radio do we use? We are hesitant to recommend specific products but our radio of choice at the current time is the Midland WR-300. This radio has the important SAME coding feature, a text display to show you what sort of alert is occurring, battery backup and more. We have been pleased with the two we have. NewEgg carries this model for $47.99.
This entry was posted on Saturday, May 31st, 2008 at 4:11am MDT and is filed under Colorado Weather, Natural Disasters, Severe Weather, Thornton Weather.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.
Most communities that are where severe weather occurs really should have some sort of a warning system. If not sirens, then high tech text messaging should be considered.


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Marxism & Totality & Gramsci & Della Volpe
Gramsci & Della Volpe
I picked Martin Jay's Marxism and Totality: The Adventures of a Concept from Lukacs to Habermas (Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984) off the shelf to look up the chapter on the surrealists, and got hooked on the book.� [1] I had never read it all the way through, but I could not keep from devouring several chapters, but not in order.� So far I've read about Gramsci, Benjamin, Adorno, Lefebrve, Surrealism, Goldmann, Della Volpe, and Colletti, plus the introduction to Western Marxism.� This leaves Lukacs, Korsch, Bloch, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Althusser, Habermas, the prehistory of totality, and the challenge of poststructuralism. [I eventually read the remaining chapters.]
The book is irresistible.� Jay always gets to the point, revealing the essentials, including the internal tensions and contradictions and fundamental weaknesses of each thinker.� This degree of candid critique is very helpful.� "Totality" proves, just as Jay says, to be a lens that reveals central issues and debates in the purview of Marxism and I would say all available philosophies/worldviews.� This book is a marvelous resource for investigating the positivism-lebensphilosophie polarity I always keep harping on.� Holism always gravitates toward idealist mystification, and the rebellion against it may lead to a rejection of dialectics or Hegelianism altogether.� Sometimes Jay applies the word holism too indiscriminately in characterizing some thinkers, Marx especially.� It should also be clear that dialectics (not just in the case of Adorno) may be anti-holist as well as holistic.� The alternatives are there in the book of course, but I'm not certain that Jay makes this abstract point.� But as I said, the tensions are clearly there to be seen and learned from, especially as Jay is no mere cheerleader for Western Marxism.
I've always been suspicious of all the fuss over Gramsci.� The very word "organic" would be enough to make me reach for my gun if I had one.�� I get a very negative feeling about Gramsci from reading this chapter, confirming my worst suspicions.� I once probed a Gramsci scholar about Gramsci's view of intellectuals, with questions about independence, originality, and the generation of novel ideas not merely the social organization of the transmission of existing ideas.� I could not get any clear answers, though my interlocutor was intrigued by my questions.� I got the feeling he never thought through those issues before, which would hardly surprise me, as I've detected certain problems he has in achieving his own intellectual independence.� Jay says that Gramsci leaves no room for independent, free-floating intellectuals, the only kind of intellectual I recognize.� That is enough to condemn him.� Free your inner Stalin.
I had forgotten all about the other Italians while I often cite the Polish Poznan School when I discuss Marxism and scientific method.� The Della Volpe school, in reaction to Italian idealism, was militantly scientific, developing intense suspicion against muddy holistic thinking and even rejecting dialectics.� I was surprised to learn that Della Volpe was enthralled by Gentile early in life and rebelled later, just as Gramsci was soaked in Croce.� Interesting flipflops.� But once Della Volpe rebelled, he was fanatical.� He even condemned the Frankfurt School as a cabal of anti-scientific, mystical irrationalists.� This accusation makes my criticisms look mild by contrast.� His condemnation is excessive, but I admire his fanaticism.� Della Volpe drew an oppositional distinction between Hegelian and Marxian dialectics.� He also claimed there is one scientific method only—that of Galileo—and Marx used it.� Gotta admire the guy! �(The Galileo connection reminded me of the Poznan School.)� Though Della Volpe's politics were uninspiring (as were Colletti's), his views on logic, science, and aesthetics are intriguing (with little intrinsic connection to his politics), and I should learn more.
Colletti was even more fanatical.� He would brook no challenge to the logical law of non-contradiction.� He opposed dialectics in every form, and when he concluded that Marx's theoretical structure was irredeemably dialectical, Colletti rejected Marxism.� In his zeal, he was reckless in his criticisms of Hegel and others.
There is a lot to be learned from these examples.
(Written 2 October 2003)
Totality & Holism
Martin Jay's Marxism and Totality is a marvelous book in many respects, not least in the clarity and readability of its writing.� There is much to be learned from it.� I imagine though that people who assimilated all this stuff many years before I did are already bored with it and have moved on to something else.� Most of the intellectuals seem to have moved on to the poststructuralism Jay presents in his final chapter, which by now is getting old too.� However, sometimes it helps to revisit all the tired old debates, to delve more deeply into the underlying abstract issues which may turn out to require further articulation.� When an author has accomplished so much in 576 pages it is hardly fair to complain about what he didn't do.� However, the organizing concept that makes his book so valuable—totality, of course—also disturbs me in ways I find necessary to attempt to articulate.
If Jay has substituted "dialectics" for totality, he would have run into trouble, as that concept would have both expanded and contracted the range of the material he covers.� But for the sake of argument, had he covered exactly the same authors and general background, what might be different?� The problem with "totality" increases with its sister term used throughout the book, "holism".� I shall return to this latter term before long.� One problem is that the issues involved cover both the epistemological as well as ontological as well as political aspects of these related concepts.
In Chapter One Jay does recognize these and other distinctions in the meaning and applications of these terms.� In the epilogue, on the challenge of poststructuralism, after having followed an impressive narrative of the rise and fall of totality (with valiant partial attempts to rescue the concept, ending with the case of Habermas), one gets a feeling of disintegration, though Jay in his introduction disavows pessimism.� In 1984 when the book was published, postmodernism had already invaded popular culture, and the outcome of the political, historical, cultural, and intellectual changes under way in recent years remained uncertain.� However, one might still ask the question, even if the society had reached a critical mass of fragmentation, even if the prospect of a single agency of political change appeared dim, is a necessary consequence of this a disintegration in the realm of theory itself?� Sociologically, of course, the answer is almost inevitable, but surely there are intrepid souls to counter the trend towards incoherence and intellectual collapse.� The next question is, naturally, where to go from here?
This brings us to the other problem, that of holism.� Jay at the end confirms that holism has had a number of unfortunate by-products that mark the partial failure of the Western Marxist project.� Holism's opposite is non-identity or something like it.� But if this terminology represents the concepts under issue, there is a problem.� For, while Jay does attempt to discriminate possible meanings of "holism", as well as of "totality", he never succeeds in doing so with sufficient clarity and logical discrimination to ask another round of questions that need to be asked.� The need for integration—here I'm confining myself to the epistemological issue, that is an integrated perspective—does not automatically entail holism as I understand it, for an integrated perspective may include both systematicity and differentiation and aspects of an object of study that escape a totally systemic formulation, avoiding the dangers of "expressive totality".� Jay does at times recognize other possibilities, as in his treatment of Della Volpe's distinction between Marx's and Hegel's dialectic, but Jay never pursues this path very far, as he sticks to his main complex of issues surrounding totality.� However, some of the thinkers he treats could stand greater elaboration along the logical path I've suggested.� For example, while Jay criticizes the twists and turns of Althusser's evolution, he could have pursued certain logical concepts further, especially "structure-in-dominance", which was one of Althusser's clever ideas worth pursuing.� Indeed, however difficult it is to articulate nebulous formulations incorporating both systematicity and differentiation, it is the path that must be travelled to formulate a satisfactory Marxian dialectic as opposed to holism.� That way, the epistemological, scientific questions to not have to fall apart as the political and ontological constructs of holism prove to be inadequate.
The next step that could be taken might lift us out of the constructed paradigm of "Western Marxism" in a different way, expanding the "tradition" in different directions.� The presence of Della Volpe, who miraculously does get included under Western Marxism, but who embodies a scientific streak at variance with the other thinkers in the book (except Colletti, who takes anti-Hegelianism to unacceptable extremes, and Althusser, who complicates his errors rather than building on his better ideas), gives a clue as what other directions could be pursued.� (Della Volpe's philosophical work of course, not his politics.)�� Now we are back at the problem of intellectual traditions and the weakness of the hypertrophy of the theoretical life of luftmenschen who may be brilliant at what they do but spend too much time dwelling in the theoretical terrain they study and thus are unable to step back, get another perspective, and see where else they might go.� Even without coming up with new theories and philosophies, a fresh application of known theoretical techniques to the empirical world might be in order.� Maybe that should be a priority and not the next up-and-coming intellectual fad.
Well, this takes us beyond the epilogue to chapters unwritten.� But the problem comes in chapter one with the introduction of "holism" itself.� The prehistory of Western Marxism is very instructive—"totality" serves us well here.� Some quotes from Marx relating to the whole are useful especially if one has not thought about them before (p. 61-63).� But I balk at characterizing Marx as a holist or characterizing Marxism as holism.� There are caveats, but they are inadequate.� There is a footnote listing works from authors who claim that Marx was a methodological individualist (p. 61); another on Marx as anti-totalizing (p. 65).� Jay is aware of the right-wing nature of organicism and differentiates Marx's position from it (p. 27).� However, Jay repeatedly refers to Marx's holism.� He stresses that it is different in some respects from Hegel's, and that the alleged similarity and difference is hotly contested within Western Marxism (p. 63) even though all Western Marxists agree that Marx was a holist (p. 61).�� Jay goes on at length about what differentiates Marx from Hegel and others, but he always seems to miss the crux of the logical issues.� In one spot, he lists all the conceptual issues involved (p. 65), including the question of the logical relation between part and whole.� But something is missing from a logical standpoint.� One way to differentiate a dialectical from a holist perspective (under one interpretation of these terms) is that a dialectical thinker does not only see unity where others see only difference, but also sees distinction and difference where others falsely see an undifferentiated unity.� Dialectics reveals mystified totalities to be temporary balances of contradictory forces fused together in specific conjunctures which may not cohere under different circumstances.� Jay buries any potential elaboration of this crucial insight.
In addition, and not coincidentally, while Jay shows up the political as well as strictly conceptual dangers of "totality" throughout the book, he comes to no resolution of his own.� Totality, politically, means the struggle against fragmentation, alienation, the limitations of liberalism and individualism.� Jay as well as several of the thinkers under review are indeed concerned about the totalitarian dangers of "totality", yet the framework in which Jay pursues this problem solidifies a dualism that pits right-wing politics or Stalinism against disintegration, and thus unwittingly inhibits movement to the next stage of theoretical reflection on this history.� So the story becomes one of faith and doubt, commitment and disillusionment.� But something is left out here.
And for this to become the abstract subtext of this brilliantly assembled philosophical narrative is unsatisfying.� Because the one naturally leads to the other.� Jay is candid about the weaknesses as well as the strengths of his holistic thinkers.� One cannot be sure how he personally feels, though, or of what conclusions he has reached.� When I read Jay's account of Lukacs, I am completely revolted by Lukacs, as the right-wing basis of most of his thought even through the Marxist period becomes conspicuous.� (While Jay copiously cites the later "Stalinist" Lukacs' self-criticisms of the early Lukacs, Jay doesn't resolve the epistemological status of the late Lukacs's perspective.� Just as Lukacs' characterization of his early self as rightist epistemology combined with leftist politics has some merit, perhaps the late Lukacs might be characterized as left epistemology + Stalinist politics.)� Jay is certainly aware of this problem, but if I am right about the implicit duality of his perspective, can I then impute to Jay a more sophisticated perspective transcending both communitarianism and liberalism, a socialist individualism, perhaps?� Is the notion of holism, Jay's reservations notwithstanding, as deeply repellent to Jay as it is to me?� I can't really know, but deep down I'm dubious as to whether he has really transcended the assumptions of the people he has analyzed.� I suspect a failure both of discrimination and of abstract generalization in his perspective.
There is a basic logical issue at work and not merely an ideological tug of war; i.e., the tenability of "totality" in the obfuscatory holistic sense in which Lukacs for example imported it into Marxism, and how the concept can hold up subjected to severe logical scrutiny.� Hence the anti-Hegelian reaction of Della Volpe and his school, which led to the extremism of Colletti.
However, I think there is a way to attempt to bring the philosophy of natural science and mathematics and the philosophy of consciousness of German idealism closer together, even short of attaining logical consistency at this moment.� If Niels Bohr could live with complementarity, we too can live with it for awhile.� It would mean jumping out of the usual comfort zones of specialization in which people pretend they know all they need to know by citing all the familiar authorities in their corner of the knowledge industry.
(Written 17 October 2003)
[1] I commented on chapter 8 in a post of 26 April 2003.� At the time I was rummaging through the book looking up various topics, such as Nietzsche. �I was also in search of comparisons between Lukacs and Adorno. �There are a few pejorative stray references in this chapter to Lukacs' The Destruction of Reason, characterized as the low point of Lukacs' intellectual trajectory.� However, I did not trust Jay's judgment at this time.� I thought he operated from the provincial premise that German idealism is the antidote to (Second International) scientism—i.e., from the premises of the construct "Western Marxism."� Jay proved to be more sophisticated than this, but as I suggested in my quibbles over holism, it is time to deepen one�s perspective, as my positivism-lebensphilosophie project attempts to do. [—> main text]
Compiled & edited 20 November 2003
© 2003 Ralph Dumain. All rights reserved.
Antonio Gramsci, Organic Intellectuals, & the Division of Labor
by R. Dumain
Antonio Gramsci on the essence of dialectical method
Galvano Della Volpe on Henri Bergson
Galvano Della Volpe on E. V. Ilyenkov
Galvano Della Volpe on logical positivism [conclusion]
"From Hegel to Marcuse" by Lucio Colletti
Witold Gombrowicz vs Lucien Goldmann
Jorge Luis Borges & Lucien Goldmann's Genetic Structuralism
2003 Reading Review
Positivism vs Life Philosophy (Lebensphilosophie) Study Guide
Theodor W. Adorno & Critical Theory Study Guide
Marx and Marxism Web Guide
Galvano Della Volpe by Claudia Fazio
Uploaded 20 November 2003


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Beat Cinema 1: A Universe of Possibilities
Underground Film Scholar Jack Sargeant presents an evening of experimental film with works by Harry Smith, Peter Whitehead and Antony Balch. Sargeant has long been fascinated by beat culture, which formed the basis for his book NAKED LENS: BEAT CINEMA (Soft Skull, 2008, first published in 1997),through three editions the book has become the definitive exploration of the beats and film. Combining works made by beat writers, their friends, affiliates and underground filmmakers, these three screenings offer a rare glimpse into areas such as 'spontaneous' cinema, improvised underground film, and beat notions of creativity. Mixing documentary works with experimental films, narrative features and dreamlike escapades; these films highlight the beat relation to cinema.
Jack Sargeant (Australia) is the author of numerous books and articles on underground film and contemporary counter-cultures, he has toured and curated screenings of underground and cult films across the world.
PROGRAM 1: A Universe of Possibilities
From the mystical and magical, through to the psychological, cultural and sexual potentialities of the emergent counter cultures, these films showcase the universe of possibilities opened and celebrated by beat culture.
Early Abstractions
Harry Smith | USA 23mins, 16mm, 1945- 1957
Wholly Communion
Peter Whitehead | UK 33mins, 35mm, 1965
Towers Open
Fire Antony Balch | UK 10mins, 16mm, 1963
Cabinet, Brooklyn, NY


The AccessLex Institute/AIR Research and Dissertation Fellows Program is a grant competition promoting scholarship on issues related to access, affordability and value of legal education specifically, and graduate and professional education more broadly. Research grants of up $50,000 and dissertation grants of up to $25,000 are available. Deadline to apply is November 30, 2018.
The Graham Foundation offers two Carter Manny Awards: a research award for a student at the research stage of the doctoral dissertation and a writing award for a student at the writing stage of the doctoral dissertation. The research award is acknowledged with up to $15,000 and the writing award is acknowledged with up to $20,000. The deadline to apply is November 15, 2018, for 2019-2020 funding.
The Center for LGBTQ Studies (CLAGS) supports students and scholars through fellowships and awards for research contributions to the historical, cultural, and political issues of vital concern to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals and communities. Visit the website for details on various funding opportunities. The next upcoming deadline is November 15, 2018.
Do you have a great big innovative idea but aren't sure how to go about making it happen? Start at the NSF 2026 Idea Machine competition! Participants have the opportunity to be recognized, win cash prizes, and get their idea invested. The deadline to apply for the competition is October 26, 2018.
The University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program offers postdoctoral research fellowships, faculty mentoring, and eligibility for a hiring incentive to qualified scholars in all fields whose research, teaching, and service will contribute to diversity and equal opportunity at the University of California. The deadline to apply is November 1, 2018.
Funding awards of $2,000 to $35,000 available to applicants at various stages of academic, professional, or scholarly work. The American Association of University Women (AAUW) fellowship and grant recipients perform research in a wide range of disciplines and work to improve their schools and communities. Read on for an overview of upcoming opportunities! Earliest deadlines are November 1, 2018.
The Mellon International Dissertation Research Fellowship (IDRF) offers nine to twelve months of support to graduate students in the humanities and humanistic social sciences who are enrolled in PhD programs in the United States and conducting dissertation research on non-US topics. The average award is $22,000. The deadline to apply is November 7, 2018.
NASA presents a limited submission funding opportunity, Minority University Research and Education Project (MUREP) Institutional Research Opportunity (MIRO). This program supports training and development of students and faculty in STEM at targeted colleges and universities, and provides opportunities for research and education to inspire and prepare increasing numbers of students for STEM careers. Deadline quickly approaching so apply today!
This ten-week internship program is designed to provide opportunities for students to participate in research (under the guidance of an appropriate research mentor) at a participating Navy laboratory. Stipends are $10,800 for currently enrolled graduate students. Deadline to apply is November 2, 2018.
Echoing Green will provide more than $4.6 million in unrestricted seed-stage funding and strategic foundational support this year to emerging leaders working to bring about positive social change. Echoing Green Fellows are the innovators, instigators, pioneers, and rebels that reject the status quo and drive positive social change all over the world. Apply today!
The AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellowships provide opportunities for outstanding scientists and engineers to learn first-hand about federal policymaking while using their knowledge and skills to address today's most pressing societal challenges. Deadline to apply is November 1, 2018.
The Coastal Fund (CF) is a student organization that protects, enhances, and restores the UCSB coastline. The fund supports research, restoration, preservation, access, and educational projects in line with CF's mission. Quarterly opportunities available; current fall deadline is October 12, 2018.
Want to win up to $10,000 for your project, startup, or student group that has social impact? Come to a Big Ideas Contest information session on October 11th to learn about the contest's goals, categories, timeline, and application requirements.
Have you always wanted to study in Scandinavia? Imagine experiences in educational and cultural exchange in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Apply now or review other opportunities for lectureship or grant projects related to work in this region.
Funding application season is here! If you are looking for external funding for the 2019-2020 academic year, you should start looking now. The fall quarter deadlines are typically for next year's awards. Review the upcoming list of opportunities then get ready, plan ahead, and apply soon!
The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science is now accepting applications for the Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program providing doctoral dissertation/thesis research opportunities for graduate students at Department of Energy national laboratories. Applications are due on November 15, 2018.
The UC President's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program is now accepting applications for 2019-2020! The program offers postdoctoral research fellowships and faculty mentoring to outstanding scholars in all fields whose research, teaching, and service will contribute to the diversity and equal opportunity at the University of California. Deadline is November 1, 2018.
The Boren Fellowships application is now open for graduate students who are interested in immersive language study and public service careers. Receive up to $24,000 for overseas study! The national deadline to apply is January 30, 2019.
Are you interested in or familiar with the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program? Then you should also consider the Hertz Graduate Fellowship, which offers a merit-based, multi-year tuition and stipend award for pursuit of a PhD in applied physical and biological sciences, mathematics, or engineering. Application deadline is October 24, 2018.
Are you near the beginning of your professional career and hoping to continue developing your work in the humanities, the arts, the social, physical, or life sciences? The Michigan Society of Fellows Program may be for you! Application deadline is September 25, 2018.


FOIA Friday: 1955 Newfoundland UFO - UFOMG!
Happy FOIA Friday fellow UFO nuts! The following report from Pepperrell Air Force Base, Newfoundland details a UFO witnessed by a tanker aircraft pilot and by ground radar. The pilot maintained visual contact of the UFO, calling down direction changes to the ground based radar. The changes in direction "correlated exactly with those painted on scope by controller." The report states that most such encounters last merely a few minutes, however, this particular sighting lasted for, at least, 49 minutes.
Next article UFO Sighting in Morrisville, Pennsylvania on 2017-01-06 00:00:00 – Large flying rectangular object with lights on each end. we thought it was 2 planes but got close enough to see one very large object.


For an instant, there was total silence as we all realized what had just happened. Mother had simply forgotten how old she was — or how old we were. It was as though we were just a group of friends in a car together, all experiencing the same moment in time. And in that sense, we were all the same age! Dave called out, "Way to go, Grandma!" And we all laughed.
I think about that incident when I think of the wide range of ages within EEWC's membership and leadership. Alena Amato Ruggerio, still in her 20s, served ably as EEWC's coordinator throughout 2003. Jeanne Hanson, EEWC's central office manager, recently celebrated her 75th birthday. (See Jeanne's article in this issue of EEWC Update.) We have older members who have been with us for a long time and are now in their 80s. And we have young members, such as Sarah Oesch who have just come onboard. (See Sarah's review essay also in this issue of EEWC Update.) In between, we have members all along the age spectrum.
Over the past year, three of us have been engaged in a weekly Bible study through a phone plan that provides such 3-way calls at no extra charge. One of us is on the East Coast, one on the West Coast, and one in the Midwest. One was born in 1935, another in 1955, and the third in 1975. But in our weekly phone get-togethers, we don't even think about these 20-year age spreads. We simply relate as sisters in Christ, united by our feminism, our concerns for social justice, our desire to learn more about the Bible, and our yearning to draw closer to God.
Chronological age doesn't make much difference in EEWC. Older members learn from the fresh perspectives of the younger members, and younger members learn from the life experiences of older members, many of whom also know a great deal about EEWC's history.
The key is contemporaneity. We're all living at this particular moment in time with all its challenges and all its opportunities. And like my son, mother, and me in that car long ago, all of us in EEWC are on the same journey together, enjoying one another's company along the way.
An attitude of contemporaneity is important for at least two reasons. One is to counter the notion that "third wave" and "second wave" feminists must be at odds — that a feminist "generation gap" is inevitable and often bitterly divisive. Alena Amato Ruggerio discussed this in her article "God's Grrrl: Biblical Feminism and the Secular Third Wave" in the Winter 2001-2002 EEWC Update.
In the words of a Holly Near song, "We are young and old together, and we are singing for our lives." Every one of us matters in EEWC. Such an attitude can go a long way toward removing the fear of growing older.
This point was driven home forcefully to many of us this past October when we read that the feminist author Carolyn Heilbrun, sometimes called the mother of academic feminism, had committed suicide at age 77. In her book, The Last Gift of Time: Life Beyond Sixty, though generally a positive view of her life as an older person, Heilbrun nevertheless stated her belief that we should choose the time of our deaths rather than waiting for the mental and physical decline that she associated with aging and then being too feeble to end it all. She shocked her readers by revealing that she had originally planned to set a date to commit suicide upon reaching age 70 but had changed her mind as she looked back on her 60s and was surprised to have found that decade quite pleasurable.
We live in an age that worships youth, and women in particular need positive examples of how to age. As feminists, and especially as Christian feminists, we have already learned to question and challenge the prevailing values of our society, including notions of beauty as promoted by the advertisement and entertainment industries and the obsession with youth that stereotypes and devalues older people.
EEWC, with its mix of young and old and every age in between, and its sense of contemporaneity — we're all in this together at the same time and place in history and each of us has something to contribute — provides countless opportunities for demonstrating what it means to be a feminist and Christian at any age.
The oldest speaker we ever had was at the 1980 EEWC conference in Saratoga Springs, NY when Rev. Victoria Booth Demarest, granddaughter of the founders of the Salvation Army, gave a rousing and powerful sermon at the age of 91. Years before, when she was 74, Victoria had written a poem entitled, "I Am Thy Prophet Still," in which she had asked God for more opportunities to serve, saying that once it was gender that tried to silence her preaching but now it was age. "The years, the years — and people say, 'Too old, you are too old.'" Her poem went on to say she was better equipped for ministry than ever, that she had so much to offer at this time of life when her soul had "matured by knowledge and by pain." (To her dying day, Victoria never forgot EEWC's invitation to speak, and she bequeathed her Bible to our organization.) At that same conference, 64-year-old Dr. Susan B. Anthony II, grandniece of the suffragist, provided us with another link to history. EEWC has always sought to honor those who have gone before us and to hold up positive examples of aging.
Perhaps Carolyn Heilbrun's suicide struck me particularly because it occurred as I realized I was now at the age my dad had been when he died of a sudden heart attack years before. That age seemed so "old" and far off then! Shortly before his death, he had told me he wished he were younger because there was so much more he wanted to do. I don't wish I were younger, but I echo his feeling of wanting to do so much more. As Jeanne Hanson points out in her article, this yearning to keep doing worthwhile work, learning, and looking forward to the future seem to be key factors in a positive experience of aging. EEWC provides companions and role models along the way.
© 2003 Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus, EEWC-Update, Volume 27, Number 3, Fall (October-December) 2003.
I refuse to give into despair and instead have hope that attitudes in our churches, regardless of denominational affiliation, will change. In many ways, it is the church that is on trial.


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Q: How to set data pointed to by argument using Critcl? I would like to express something like this in Critcl:
void setter(int* grid, int value, int x, int y) {
  grid[xy2addr(x,y)] = value;
}

I'm in particular stuck on how to deal with int* grid in Critcl. object? bytes? Custom type maybe?
Related to this question.

A: This case doesn't map very well onto Tcl's value model. The issue is that grid is (a pointer to) an updateable value collection. There are two ways of modelling this in Tcl in general:

*

*As an opaque object.

*As a variable containing a Tcl list (since in model terms, while Tcl values are thought of as immutable, Tcl variables are mutable).

I'll describe how to do both below, but I'm guessing that you're going to be thinking of these zOrder things as a distinct mutable type and that the additional modest one-time overhead of making the custom type will suit you far better.
Opaque (Mutable) Objects
When working with opaque objects, you pass handles to them (basically just a name) around and then you unpack them as a custom Critcl type. The trick is to create some helper functions in C to do the mapping (this can be in a critcl::ccode command) that does the mapping between names and pointers. This is slightly messy to do, but is just about building a couple of hash tables.
critcl::ccode {
    static Tcl_HashTable *zOrderMap = NULL, *zOrderRevMap = NULL;

    static Tcl_Obj *
    MakeZOrderObj(int *zOrder) {
        /* Initialize the two maps, if needed */
        if (zOrderMap == NULL) {
            zOrderMap = (Tcl_HashTable *) Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(Tcl_HashTable));
            Tcl_InitObjHashTable(zOrderMap);
            zOrderRevMap = (Tcl_HashTable *) Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(Tcl_HashTable));
            Tcl_InitHashTable(zOrderRevMap, TCL_ONE_WORD_KEYS);
        }
        int isNew;
        Tcl_HashEntry *hPtr = Tcl_FindHashEntry(zOrderRevMap, (char*) zOrder, &isNew);
        if (!isNew) {
            return Tcl_GetHashValue(hPtr);
        }
        /* make a handle! */
        Tcl_Obj *handle = Tcl_ObjPrintf("zOrder%ld", (long) zOrder);
        Tcl_SetHashValue(hPtr, handle);
        Tcl_IncrRefCount(handle);
        hPtr = Tcl_CreateHashEntry(zOrderMap, (char*) handle, &isNew);
        Tcl_SetHashValue(hPtr, zOrder);
        return handle;
    }

    static int
    GetZOrderFromObj(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *objPtr, int **zOrderPtr) {
        Tcl_HashTable *hPtr;
        if (!zOrderMap || (hPtr = Tcl_FindHashEntry(zOrderMap, (char *) objPtr)) == NULL) {
            Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf("no such zOrder \"%s\"",
                    Tcl_GetString(objPtr)));
            return TCL_ERROR;
        }
        *zOrderPtr = (int *) Tcl_GetHashValue(hPtr);
        return TCL_OK;
    }
}

With that helper code in place, you can then define a custom Critcl type like this:
critcl::argtype zOrder {
    if (GetZOrderFromObj(interp, @@, @A) != TCL_OK) {
        return TCL_ERROR;
    }
} int*

critcl::resulttype zOrder {
    if (rv == NULL) {
        return TCL_ERROR;
    }
    Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, MakeZOrderObj(rv));
    return TCL_OK;
} int*

That then lets you write your real code as something like this. Note that grid is defined as being of (custom) type zOrder, and that those can only be manufactured by some code that returns a zOrder as its result.
critcl::cproc setter {zOrder grid int value int x int y} void {
    grid[xy2addr(x,y)] = value;
}

(The deletion function that removes the entries from the hash tables and deletes the C array is left as an exercise.)
Tcl List Variable
The other way of doing this is to make zOrder values be held in Tcl variables as lists of integers. This can be nice because it lets you look inside easily, but it can also be not so nice in other ways, as the code is not constrained to work with proper values and you expose your cprocs to more details of what's happening in Tcl.
critcl::cproc setter {Tcl_Interp* interp object varName int value int x int y} ok {
    /* Unpack the list of ints from the variable */
    Tcl_Obj *listObj = Tcl_ObjGetVar2(interp, varName, NULL, TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG);
    if (listObj == NULL)
        return TCL_ERROR;
    Tcl_Obj **listv; int listc;
    if (Tcl_ListObjGetElements(interp, listObj, &listc, &listv) != TCL_OK)
        return TCL_ERROR;
    int *grid = alloca(sizeof(int) * listc);
    for (int i=0; i<listc; i++)
        if (Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, listv[i], &grid[i]) != TCL_OK)
            return TCL_ERROR;

    /* The core of the functionality */
    grid[xy2addr(x,y)] = value;

    /* Repack the list of ints from the variable; this code could be optimized in this case! */
    for (int i=0; i<listc; i++)
        listv[i] = Tcl_NewIntObj(grid[i]);
    listObj = Tcl_NewListObj(listc, listv);
    Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, varName, NULL, listObj, 0);
    return TCL_OK;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is your "5 loaves and 2 fishes"?
1 After this, Jesus crossed over to the far side of the Sea of Galilee, also known as the Sea of Tiberias. 2 A huge crowd kept following him wherever he went, because they saw his miraculous signs as he healed the sick. 3 Then Jesus climbed a hill and sat down with his disciples around him. 4 (It was nearly time for the Jewish Passover celebration.) 5 Jesus soon saw a huge crowd of people coming to look for him. Turning to Philip, he asked, "Where can we buy bread to feed all these people?" 6 He was testing Philip, for he already knew what he was going to do. 7 Philip replied, "Even if we worked for months, we wouldn't have enough money to feed them!" 8 Then Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, spoke up. 9 "There's a young boy here with five barley loaves and two fish. But what good is that with this huge crowd?" 10 "Tell everyone to sit down," Jesus said. So they all sat down on the grassy slopes. (The men alone numbered about 5,000.) 11 Then Jesus took the loaves, gave thanks to God, and distributed them to the people. Afterward he did the same with the fish. And they all ate as much as they wanted. 12 After everyone was full, Jesus told his disciples, "Now gather the leftovers, so that nothing is wasted." 13 So they picked up the pieces and filled twelve baskets with scraps left by the people who had eaten from the five barley loaves. 14 When the people saw him do this miraculous sign, they exclaimed, "Surely, he is the Prophet we have been expecting!" 15 When Jesus saw that they were ready to force him to be their king, he slipped away into the hills by himself.


Jurisprudence is defined as the science or philosophy of law. In the context of dietetics, it is the provincial legislation in combination with the College of Dietitians of Alberta's regulations and standards of practice that govern practice in Alberta. To ensure every registered member of the College understands jurisprudence, the College has developed an online learning module based on the content found within the College's Professional Practice Handbook for Dietitians in Alberta.
Current members must have successfully completed the jurisprudence learning module. New members must successfully complete the jurisprudence module within their first year of registration with the College, prior to registration renewal. Following this, every member on the general register will be required to complete the learning module every five years to maintain registration with the College.
The jurisprudence learning module evaluates a dietitian's understanding and application of the rules (e.g., legislation, regulations, standards of practice) governing the practice of dietetics in Alberta.
The jurisprudence learning module is online and open-book.
The module consists of 25 multiple choice questions covering the chapters found in the College's Professional Practice Handbook for Dietitians in Alberta.
The module may be completed in more than one sitting and has no time limit—although the average completion time is two hours.
Members will have one year to complete the module from time of registration.
Each question has resources provided to help you find the correct answer.
Members will have three attempts to correctly answer each question.
Successful completion of the module constitutes answering at least 22 of the 25 questions correctly. If you answer more than three questions incorrectly, you will still be able to complete the module. Please contact the College office for follow-up on next steps.


text:
Tag:Angel Correa
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After an effusive farewell in Ezeiza, Ángel Correa and Thiago Almada arrived in Doha to join the training of the Argentine National Team, with...
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Ángel Correa and Thiago Almada will fulfill their dream of being part of the Argentina team in a World Cup. Both players were...
Change in Argentina: Nicolás González was left out of the World Cup due to injury and Ángel Correa is his replacement
The Argentine team debuts this Tuesday, November 22, at the Qatar 2022 World Cup against Saudi Arabia and hopes to start off on the...
What happened to the Argentina team a few days before the Qatar 2022 World Cup?
Joaquin Correa Y Nicholas Gonzalez they became casualties of the 'Albiceleste' and were disaffected for the World Cup Qatar 2022 this...
Ángel Correa on his great goal: "I know Rulli and I know he plays well ahead"
Lima, January 9, 2022Updated on 01/09/2022 06:22 pmThe Argentine forward of Atlético de MadridÁngel Correa, author of a goal from the center circle in...
George Wilson - January 10, 2022


text:
A Woman Invented That!
forerunner of Monopoly
By Marilyn Turk
For centuries, our lives have been changed by inventions. Progress – the advance of human society and industry toward a greater standard of living – would not have happened without someone deciding to improve upon the status quo. Instead of accepting things the way they were, these people created improvements to make life and work easier and more efficient.
Most of what we accept as commonplace in our day-to-day lives was invented by someone whose name we don't know or remember.
We've heard of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Henry Ford, George Washington Carver, and Steve Jobs. But what female names do you know?
Here are a few you might wish you could thank.
Nancy Johnson gets the credit for inventing the ice cream maker in 1843, a design still in use today.
Josephine Cochrane invented the dishwasher in 1887, then marketed her machine to hotel owners.
Margaret Wilcox, a mechanical engineer, invented the first car heater in 1893. In addition, she invented a combined clothes and dishwasher machine.
Maria Beasley was one of the few women who became wealthy from her inventions. Between 1878 and 1898, she received at least fifteen patents. Her first patent for a barrel-making machine made her fortune. In those days, wooden barrels were in high demand, used for food preservation and wine making. Beasley earned almost twenty thousand dollars a year from her invention in a time when the few women who did work earned an average of three dollars a day.
Maria also invented a foot warmer, a steam generator and an anti-derailment device for trains. But of all of her inventions, it's the life raft she invented in 1882 that stands out as her greatest contribution to saving lives.
Mary Anderson invented the windshield wiper in the year 1903. Her goal was to improve driver vision during stormy weather, cleaning both water and snow off the windshield.
Elizabeth Magie (1866-1948) was a stenographer, a short story and poetry writer, newspaper reporter, comedian, stage actress, feminist, and engineer. In 1904, she received the patent for The Landlord's Game, designed to demonstrate the bad effects that land monopolies had on the economy and the use of land value tax as a remedy. Magie invented other games which Parker Brothers bought before they purchased The Landlord's Game which eventually became known as Monopoly.
Florence Parpart – invented the electric refrigerator in 1914 She also invented an improved street cleaning machine.
Early electric refrigerators
Dr. Maria Telkes – invented solar heating for residential housing in 1947. Another important invention of Dr. Telkes was a solar distiller capable of vaporizing seawater and recondensing it into drinkable water. She also helped develop material capable of enduring the temperature extremes of outer space.
Hedy Lamarr
Hedy Lamarr was known as a world-famous film star, but during World War II, she helped invent a secret communications system for radio-controlling torpedoes. This wireless transmission technology paved the way for Wi-Fi and GPS.
Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a computer scientist that invented COBOL the first user-friendly business computer software system in the 1940's. She was also a rear admiral in the U.S. Navy and the first person to use the term "bug" in reference to a glitch in a computer system when she literally found a bug (moth) causing problems with her computer.
Stephanie Kwolek invented life-saving Kevlar in 1965, a material that is five times stronger than steel used to make bulletproof vests.
Marie Van Brittan Brown invented closed-circuit television security (CCTV) because of the slow response of police officers in 1969 to help people ensure their own security. This invention influenced modern CCTV systems used for home security and police work today.
Dr. Shirley Jackson
Dr. Shirley Jackson - Some of the today's most important telecommunication technology was developed by this American physicist and includes portable fax, touch tone telephone, solar cells, fiber optic cables, and the technology behind caller ID and call waiting.
Did you know about these ladies? Were you surprised? What would you invent if you could?
A multi-published author, Marilyn Turk writes historical fiction about and lives in the coastal South. Her fascination for lighthouses spawned her popular weekly lighthouse blog @ http://pathwayheart.com, and inspired her Lighthouse Devotions – 52 Inspiring Lighthouse Stories. Her novel, A Gilded Curse, releases March 2016 from Heritage Beacon Fiction, an imprint of Lighthouse Publishing of the Carolinas.
Meet Marilyn in April at the Blue Lake Christian Writers Retreat.
For more details, see http://bluelakecwr.com/
Posted by Marilyn Turk at 12:30 AM
Labels: car heater, Cobol, dishwasher, Dr. Shirley Jackson, Hedy Lamar, inventions, Kevlar, Marie Van Brittan Brown, refrigerator, Stephanie Kwolek, Technology
sharon February 22, 2016 at 5:06 AM
I wanted to invent a blood pressure, pulse, and ekg portable gadget that plugged into a monitor in pre op , procedure room and recovery so the nurse didn't have to keep applying the equipment in each department. Several Beat me to it. Wish I could invent something to help me sleep so I wouldn't bra wake at this ungodly hour! Sm. Wileygreen1(at)yahoo(dot)com
Marilyn Turk February 22, 2016 at 10:04 AM
Sharon, I think God gives the same idea to several people, but only certain ones follow through on it. I've had that happen to me before too. Hopefully, you can find a sleep remedy.
Vickie McDonough February 22, 2016 at 7:33 AM
Fascinating post! The only one of these inventors I've heard about before was Hedy Lamarr.
About thirty years ago, I made a flat denim carrier with lots of pockets that tied onto the headrest of our car. It hung down facing the back seats and was made to hold toys, cars, army men, and things our boys could play with in the car and to keep them organized. I wish I'd been able to market it because I made it years before anything like it was marketed.
Thanks Vickie! You were certainly ahead of the market, because now you can buy those things. But what a great idea!
justcommonly February 22, 2016 at 12:40 PM
Awesome post! I love this! I have not heard of these talented ladies. I'm not too creative in inventing things, but the idea have crossed my mind to do so. LOL. Thanks!
Marilyn Turk February 22, 2016 at 1:54 PM
Glad you like the post!
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text:
Title of Art: Stories Interweave
The art for the Colfax Station on the R Line will be installed underneath the bridge that will serve as the elevated light rail train station.
Artist Joe O'Connell of Tucson, Arizona is using laser-cut steel and LED lights for his creation. He visited in Aurora in 2015 to research the community in order to decide what to create for the Colfax Station.
Rendering of Colfax Station art
Stories Interweave will celebrate the different places Aurora residents come from and what they bring to the city.
Stories Interweave consists of 8-12 suspended sculptures painted in brilliant colors filling the South and North platforms of the Colfax Avenue bridge. The skin of each sculpture will be made up of different languages cut into steel and welded together to create three dimensional lantern-like forms intermixing languages and stories. Arranging phrases in three dimensions creates multiple ways to read them.
Artist Joe O'Connell
"My goal is to create new ways to live with art-ways in which art solves problems, enriches the human experience and creates an atmosphere of participation, curiosity, and connection to community. I use a remarkable diversity of forms and materials but the common thread is my belief that an art piece is not complete until other people have made it their own through interaction," O'Connell said.
Joe grew up as a maker and became an artist.
After a liberal arts education that spanned four universities he began working for science museums where he designed and built exhibits.
He founded Creative Machines in 1995 to design and fabricate interactive exhibits for museums around the world. He began making public art in 2004 in order to reach new audiences.
Creative Machines
Creative Machines is 19 artists, engineers and skilled craftspeople guided by a shared vision of awesomeness. The group's 14,000 square-foot shop in Tucson, Arizona is devoted entirely to pushing the boundaries of public art and interactive exhibits through comprehensive prototyping and fabrication.
Smart, inquisitive people and extensive capabilities in electronics, CNC machining and 3D forming give us the ability to explore pioneering materials and processes.


The number of housing of Brignais was estimated at 4 593 in 2007. These accommodation of Brignais consist of 4 417 main homes, 53 secondary residences and 123 vacant accommodation.
Area of Brignais is 10,36 km² for a population density of 1 120,85 habs/km² and for a housing density of 443,34 housing/km².
Here are below a set of graphic, curves and statistics of the housing of the city of Brignais.
Must see: the population data of Brignais, the road map of Brignais, the photos of Brignais, the map of Brignais.
The number of housing of Brignais was 4 593 in 2007, 4 094 in 1999, 3 353 in 1990, 3 033 in 1982, 2 075 in 1975 and 1 136 in 1968.
In 2007 the accommodations of Brignais consisted of 4 417 main homes, 53 second homes and 123 vacant accommodations.
The following graphs show the history of the number and the type of housing of Brignais from 1968 to 2007. The second graph is drawn in cubic interpolation. This allows to obtain more exactly the number of accommodation of the city of Brignais years where no inventory was made.
The population of Brignais was 11 612 inhabitants in 2007, 11 210 inhabitants in 1999, 10 036 inhabitants in 1990, 9 564 inhabitants in 1982, 6 790 inhabitants in 1975 and 3 922 inhabitants in 1968. Meanwhile, the number of housing of Brignais was 4 593 in 2007, 4 094 in 1999, 3 353 in 1990, 3 033 in 1982, 2 075 in 1975 and 1 136 in 1968.
The number of inhabitants of Brignais per housing was 2,53 in 2007.
The accommodation of Brignais in 2007 consisted of 2 420 houses and 2 082 flats.
Here are below the graphs presenting the statistics of housing of Brignais.
In 2007, 2 685 main homes of Brignais were occupied by owners. Meanwhile, 4 417 households lived in the city of Brignais. The following graphs present the statistics of these households of Brignais.


"One of my many joys is to witness the reactions of my clients when they see the finished look. Understanding makeup is not complex but it is a creative art. I've been professionally working in the makeup industry for 5 years and many more years before on my friends and family. I've done makeup on all ages from 5 to 92 years old). I am looking forward to enhance the beauty you already have."


This One bedroom condo with a sleeper sofa overlooking the community pool is situated in a well-established, highly sought after community. Mostly adults in there 40's and on up. Very peaceful and respectful neighbors await you for your visit. Maximum of two guests only.
Step back in time to the quaint city of New Smyrna Beach Florida where old time streets, art stores, restaurants and easy drive on beaches await you. Famous Flagler Avenue and the beach are both just an easy five blocks away.
Come to Coronado Arms and walk to the famous Garlic Restaurant and Norwoods treehouse and relax by the community pool.


Whether a business is large or small, company heads set overall goals for the business and break these down into objectives. Management has to develop and implement plans to meet these objectives. Depending on the type of business, the time frame and the focus of management, objectives can have different characteristics. The key for the managers is to match plan implementation to the type of objective.
Companies, large or small, can identify problems and establish overall goals for their business, but they need specific plans to make progress. The planning stage includes courses of action and identifies the results that the company wants to see. These results translate into objectives at the different levels of the organization.
A department manager may have the objective to increase sales by 10 percent. This becomes an objective of selling 15 more systems this month for one of his employees. To maintain planning clarity, the type of objective must remain the same throughout this translation down the organization.
One type of objective includes a time factor. These objectives are short-term, medium-term or long-term, ranging from one month to several years. Planning that includes short-term objectives specifies what immediate results are expected from actions currently in progress. These objectives focus on day-to-day activities.
Medium-term objectives are results that influence the annual budgets, reports and strategies. They deal with monthly action plans. Long-term objectives look at results the company needs to meet its overall goals. They focus on results from yearly reviews. Planning specifies time-related objectives as an overall framework for plan implementation.
Some objectives don't have a specific time frame but deal with expected results from routine, continuous activities. Normal production levels translate into routine objectives. Monitoring safety to prevent the accident rate from rising involves routine objectives. Such objectives typically remain at a constant rate.
Management monitors routine objectives for deviations from the norm and to institute corrective action if necessary. Planning specifies routine objectives and assumes the company will meet them as it has in the past.
While time-related objectives deal with normal activities within a time frame and routine objectives deal with regular activities, development objectives result from new initiatives. External change imposed on a business or internal changes motivated by new goals result in planning for new development. Such plans specify new activities and estimate the results. These desired results translate into objectives at the various organizational levels.
Since the activities are new, the objectives may not be realistic and managers have to be ready to make adjustments to this type of objective.
Markgraf, Bert. "Three Types of Objectives for Planning." Small Business - Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/three-types-objectives-planning-52010.html. 06 March 2019.


I was satisfied with my results in last weekend's tournament. I got really discouraged after a heart-breaking loss in round 2 to a player rated 300 points higher than me. I call it "heart-breaking" because for a while I was up a pawn and had the advantage. I got too exhausted by the time we reached the endgame, and I lost my ability to focus. I caughed up a couple of pawns and resigned. I imagine if I could have won that game I would have had much better results for this tournament. But, I was still satisfied with myself because I came out of this tournament with a positive score (more wins than losses).
I think I may have over-done it by going to two major tournaments within a couple weeks of each other when I haven't been very active in tournament chess over the past few years. Oh well, I learned a lot.
On move 30 my opponent played the bizarre Rc8. He saw that it meant I was no longer threatening his Queen as my Rook was pinned to my King. But this move had a simple response: Just take his rook with my rook and I'm up a piece. I guess it was just an outright blunder. I don't know what he was thinking! This is something you would see between two beginners!
This loss really got me thinking as to whether or not I should still play the Sicilian Defense. I always have bad results with it in tournament play.
I cannot be that proud of this victory because 1) it was online and 2) IM Turzo was hosting a simultaneous exhibition. He was probably playing about 15 - 20 people. But, a win is a win, nonetheless. I think my endgame play was flawless, but you can be the judge.
This is one of my better victories on The Internet Chess Club (ICC). I have kept this game in mind for a while and finally decided to share it here on my blog. I played purely positional. Usually I played for dynamic games that involve a lot of tactics, but this win was a little different and I am very proud of it! Enjoy!
After I blundered a piece in the opening I decided to fight on and hope for a draw but I made the mistake of exchanging rooks on move 45.Rxf7+ when 45.Rd8 was my last hope for drawing chances.
This was my first tournament in well over a year. I finished it with 2 wins and one loss. Overall I was unhappy with my result because of my poor play in round 2. Here, in the first round, my opponent made an elementary blunder in the opening - losing a piece. It was an easy win from that point on.
I have not played a good solid game in a while. Sometimes when I feel like I am losing my love for chess a good victory lifts my spirits and puts me back in the mood. Unfortunately I do not have any chess software to analyze the mistakes in this game but I have analyzed it by myself and feel I played very well, though I'm sure Fritz or Chessmaster would point out a lot of better moves I could have made. I am going to purchase Fritz 15 and Chessmaster soon. I want to start studying seriously again. I hope you enjoy this game. Thanks for viewing!
Persistence is key! If you want to expand your knowledge in a certain field, you have to stick with the training/studying on a regular basis. I have not improved my chess game very much over the past decade because I do not devote the time that is required to gain new chess knowledge. I'll study every now and then. I'll study openings, middle-games, endgames and tactics. I forget them, frequently. The problem is a lack of repetition. I am not studying these aspects of the game daily. Chess is all about dedication and training. If you want to remember what you've studied, then you have to repeat it - daily!
Chess player since age 8.