Because the ocarina has a limited range it is good to get into the habit of viewing sheet music with this in mind. A single chambered ocarina can play approximately an octave and a fourth. This is roughly 6 lines or 6 spaces of standard music notation. Asian system doubles expand this to about 8 lines or spaces. For the rest of this page I will assume the range of a single chamber.
Technically, the low C on the staff refers to C4 or middle C. On the ocarina, it is common to consider this to be low C. Consequently, alto C ocarinas play an octave higher than written and sopranos two octaves higher. It is fine to transpose music into a different octave. So, when looking at sheet music, look at the range—not the octave it is written in.
If you see any music within the range outlined it will be playable. You should not restrict yourself to music written C to F though as many things can be played if transposed. Take the following snippet for instance: if you scan over the notes you'll see G to B. This is an octave and a 3rd. It will fit on an alto C if transposed down a fifth.
For music in major keys written octave to octave plus a fourth, 6 lines or spaces works regardless of the key. For C major you have to remember where C is on the staff, but in other keys there is a trick you can use to find the root note: in sharp keys, the key note of the major scale is always the note above the last sharp in the key signature. In flat keys it is 3 scale degrees below the last flat. This is true for both the treble and bass clef.
The same idea also works for the natural, melodic and harmonic minor. In flat minor keys the name of the key is two scale degrees above the last flat. For sharp keys one scale degree below the last sharp.
Note that there are exceptions to the 6 lines or spaces rule. This range may vary by plus or minus one semitone depending on the key and notes used. Note that accidentals on the highest or lowest note also affect the range.
To give an example of this catch consider a tune spanning C to F in one sharp: at first glance it appears to fit an ocarina in C. In fact it does not as the highest note is F♯, which is out of range. Technically you could consider this G major, E minor or C Lydian depending on the tonal centre. You only need to consider the range though.
The following examples should help to re-enforce these ideas. Firstly the Swallowtail Jig. A quick scan over the notes reveals that the tune has a range of G to high B, this is an octave and a third which fits easily. You could transpose it down a fifth to fit on an alto C. Alternately it can be played as written on an ocarina in G. As the F♯ is present on the instrument no accidentals are required.
The following tune, The Girl I Left Behind Me, has a range of D to G which fits fine within the desired range. If you transpose it down a major second it will fit on an alto C in the key of F. One accidental is required to replace B with B♭.
Note that while it has a range of D to G it resolves to G, thus is in G major. Just because a tune is in a given key, 'C' for example, doesn't mean that it actually fits a single octave - C to C. Tunes with the key note in the middle of the range are not uncommon.
This next one is somewhat odd. It's in D major with a range of F♯ to high A. It fits but a naive approach, transposing it down 6 semitones leaves it in A♭ major. It can be played much more easily by assuming an ocarina with a sub-hole, transposing down 7 semitones to G.
You should be cautious about playing in keys like A♭ major, depending on the experience of the musicians around you. When I first started playing the ocarina, I just transposed things to fit without paying much notice to the key. As I developed as a musician and wanted to play with accompaniment, I consequently couldn't find anyone willing to play with me. For this reason, I strongly recommend sticking to common keys so you can more easily play with others.
Note that playing notes with subholes isn't always advisable. Lemmy Brazil's Number 2 also has the same range and will fit using a subhole. Whether this is advisable is debatable as the low F♯ occurs on a strong beat. This note needs to be strong and a subhole may not be adequate. It would work if playing in a group where someone is leading the melody on a different instrument.
Thinking about music like this can be difficult at first but will allow you to broaden your repertoire. As you get some practice you'll be able to spot playable music in unusual keys or ranges at a glance. I find it helps to think about the ocarina key that allows me to play something as written. Thinking of the notes of an ocarina in a different key also makes it easy to transpose at sight.
Just because a piece of music fits within range does not mean that it is practically possible to play it, or that it will work musically. Sometimes, a piece of music was written for an instrument with a certain timbre and simply will not sound right without it. Also, music is often written around the limitations of one instrument. What is easy on one instrument can be very difficult on another. For example, it is quite difficult to play wide leaps on the ocarina, both for ergonomic reasons and because they require a very large change in breath pressure. You will be able to recognise such pieces of music as you gain experience.


Religion serves the important purpose of facilitating spirituality itself, but it serves other applications as well, adding those that are psychological, social, and physical. Connecting with an internet psychic can feel a lot alternative than connecting by phone, and every method has their pros and cons. But defining faith and spirituality is fantastically challenging, in part, because we are living in an increasingly multi-cultural, multi-faith world, and partly, as the meanings of religion and spirituality evolve through the years, and the which means of these terms have impulsively changed over the past 50 years. Fort Worth, Tex. Kimbell Art Museum. "Georges de La Tour and his World," February 2-May 11, 1997, no. Beyond that, Christians should avoid any and all contact with the mystical. One year and plenty of payouts passed. By then, Ms. Delmaro said she was operating so many hours on his behalf that she had no time to tell fortunes and was behind in the rent. He sent money — even borrowing $28,000 from a colleague that he guaranteed with his future income — until he ultimately ran out. There are, for sure, non-metaphysical factors for why my cat came back. 5) Read the message and apply the message to the questions you asked. One of the biggest positives you'll see designated in this Kasamba psychic network review is the diversity accessible on the simple to navigate website. The site is broken down into headings with allow instant access to skilled advisors in almost every category possible. Visitors may be please to find hundreds of psychics who focus on dream analysis, tarot, numerology, past life readings and more. And that you may access anyone of those specialists via a number of ways at any time of day or night. Finding a psychic is extraordinarily easy on Kasamba. National Gallery of Art. "Georges de La Tour and his World," October 6, 1996-January 5, 1997, no. 18. Edward is due back on the show for extra psychic readings during Thursday's night's episode. In terms of characteristic, religion is directed toward the pursuit of a much broader set of locations or enormous goals than spirituality. Religion serves the vital goal of facilitating spirituality itself, but it serves other functions besides, adding those that are mental, social, and actual.


Why do small businesses fail? Business failure isn't something you want to think about when you start a business. But if you want your business to succeed, you need to know, and avoid, these 7 common reasons why businesses fail.
According to statistics published in 2017 by the Small Business Administration (SBA), about one-fifth of business startups fail in the first year and about half of all employer establishments fail within five years. Only about one third survive ten years or more.
Those statistics are rather grim. And while there are a multitude of conditions that can result in a business failing, most small companies that go out of business make similar mistakes.
The reason for business failure is often tied to the reason the owner started the business. Is your primary reason for starting your own business the desire to make a lot of money? Do you think that if you have your own business that you'd have more time with your family? Or maybe that you wouldn't have to answer to anyone else? While those are benefits some successful entrepreneurs achieve after years of hard work, they are not reasons to start a business.
Many a report on business failures cites poor management as the number one reason for failure. New business owners frequently lack relevant business and management expertise in areas such as finance, purchasing, selling, production, and hiring and managing employees. If the business owner doesn't recognize what they don't do well, and seek help, the company many fail and go out of business. To remedy the problem, small business owners can educate themselves on skills they lack, hire skilled employees, or outsource work to competent professionals.
A common mistake for many failed businesses is having insufficient operating funds. New business owners often don't understand cash flow or underestimate how much money they will need for startup and they are forced to close before they have had a fair chance to succeed. They also may have an unrealistic expectation of incoming revenues from sales.
It is imperative to ascertain how much money your business will require. You need to know not only the costs of starting your business, but the costs of staying in business. It is important to realize that many businesses take a year or two to get going. This means you will need enough funds to cover all costs until sales can eventually pay for these costs. This business startup calculator will help you predict how much money you'll need to launch your business.
Your college professor was right — location is critical to the success of most local businesses. If your business requires walk-in traffic or a professional location to meet with clients, a good business location in the right community is essential. A bad location could spell disaster to even the best-managed enterprise.
If you usually don't have customers or clients entering your business establishment, the ideal location for your startup could be your own home.
Anyone who has ever been in charge of a successful major event knows that were it not for careful, methodical, strategic planning — and hard work — success would not have followed. The same could be said of most business successes.
Simply put, if you have a business today, you need a website and a social media presence. Period.
In the U.S. alone, the number of internet users (approximately 88.5 percent of the population) and e-commerce sales ($394.9 billion in 2016 according to the US Census Bureau) continue to rise and are expected to increase with each passing year.
At the very least, every business should have a professional looking and well-designed website that enables users to easily find out about their business and how to avail themselves of their products and services. If you serve local customers, your website should include your address, phone number and hours of operation, and should be listed in Google My Business so it will show up when shoppers search for what you sell by location. (Ex: "Italian restaraunts near me") Even if you don't have customers come to your place of business and/or you get most of your business through networking and referrals, you need a website so potential customers can research your business before they call you. If you don't have a website and your competitors do, you'll lose out.
You need to have social media profiles on the services your clientele are most likely to use for the same reason. If you don't, you won't look professional and will lose business to competitors who do at least have profiles on popular social media sites.
If you have products that can be sold online, or you can take orders online, that's an added benefit. But at bare minimum, you need a website that lets customers know what you offer and how they benefit by doing business with you.


I shared my 2018 Spring to Summer Reading List. If you are looking for a book to read this summer, check out what I'm reading.
The most clicked post from last week's party was Italian Tortellini Salad by Delightful E Made.
Create and Babble shared how to make Wooden Quilt Block Wall Art. Isn't this pretty?
Happy Mothering shared her DIY Simple Bohemian Dreamcatcher Necklaces. This would be a fun summer craft to do with teens!
The Scrap Shope Blog shared DIY Baseball Pennants.
Thanks for hosting a great party! Have a wonderful weekend.


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Clever Words Sustain the Bloated U. S. Government
By Steve Stanek
Politicians live on words. They are the politician's true currency. It's no secret the currency is debased nearly to worthlessness because politicians so often act in ways that belie their words.
Example: Rep. Michael Grimm of New York recently appeared on former federal Judge Andrew Napolitano's FreedomWatch program. Grimm describes himself as a tea party Republican. In the weeks before the debt ceiling deal, these tea partyers pledged to oppose any increase in the debt ceiling.
Yet when push came to shove, nearly three-fourths of Republicans in Congress, including Grimm, voted for raising the debt ceiling another $2.4 trillion over two years.
Napolitano started by throwing Grimm's words from earlier in the debate back at him: "The economy would be destroyed if the ceiling goes up." "Raising the debt ceiling simply is not an option."
Grimm stopped him to finish the second quote: "It's simply not an option unless we have cuts and systemic reforms," implying his affirmative vote means we have them.
There are no "cuts" as anyone outside of politics uses the word. The debt deal allows spending to rise. All it does is slow future spending increases.
As for systemic reforms, there are none. Oh, there will be a "supercommittee" of 12 members assigned to look for more cuts that really aren't. If Congress cut nothing when there was no spending cushion on the debt ceiling, what makes us think they'll cut by Thanksgiving, when the supercommittee is supposed to report, and when Congress knows it will have a $2.4 trillion cushion over the next two years?
"We [meaning Republicans] don't control the Senate, we don't control the presidency. Imagine what we could do if we did," Grimm told Napolitano.
Yes, let us imagine. Here are a few things that happened during the previous administration of Republican President George W. Bush, which began in 2001. Bush had a Republican House for six years and a Republican Senate for four. The Bush administration gave us:
• An 83 percent increase in federal spending.
• A national debt that rose from $5.7 trillion to $10.4 trillion.
• Medicare prescription drug coverage, the largest expansion of entitlement spending since the 1960s.
• No Child Left Behind, the largest and most expensive intrusion of the federal government into public education in national history.
• Two expensive, undeclared wars, both of which have lasted longer than the Vietnam War, and neither of which has victory or end in sight.
Until a majority of Americans stop believing the patently absurd claims of the people who run this country, and come to see politicians not as Republicans or Democrats or progressives or conservatives but as the power-seekers they are, this nation will continue down this sorry path.
Steve Stanek is a research fellow at The Heartland Institute.
Steve Stanek
Steve Stanek ([email protected]) is a research fellow at The Heartland Institute.
In Defense of the 2nd Amendment (Guest: Larry Correia)
Why Are So Many Cities Bankrupt? (Guest: Mark Moses)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America
M. V. Herlihy, R. G. Van Driesche, M. R. Abney, J. Brodeur, A. B. Bryant, R. A. Casagrande, D. A. Delaney, T. E. Elkner, S. J. Fleischer, R. L. Groves, D. S. Gruner, J. P. Harmon, G. E. Heimpel, K. Hemady, T. P. Kuhar, C. M. Maund, A. M. Shelton, A. J. Seaman, M. Skinner, R. Weinzierl
K. V. Yeargan, Z. Szendrei
A survey was conducted from May to Oct of 2011 of the parasitoid community of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), in cole crops in part of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The findings of our survey indicate that Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) now occurs as far west as North Dakota and has become the dominant parasitoid of P. rapae in the northeastern and north central United States and adjacent parts of southeastern Canada, where it has displaced the previously common parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Cotesia glomerata remains the dominant parasitoid in the mid-Atlantic states, from Virginia to North Carolina and westward to southern Illinois, below latitude N 38° 48′. This pattern suggests that the released populations of C. rubecula presently have a lower latitudinal limit south of which they are not adapted.
https://doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0230
Cotesia rubecula
Cotesia glomerata
Braconidae
parasitoid
Midwestern United States
imported cabbageworm
latitudinal adaptation
parasitoid displacement
Herlihy, M. V., Van Driesche, R. G., Abney, M. R., Brodeur, J., Bryant, A. B., Casagrande, R. A., ... Szendrei, Z. (2012). Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America. Florida Entomologist, 95(2), 461-467. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0230
Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America. / Herlihy, M. V.; Van Driesche, R. G.; Abney, M. R.; Brodeur, J.; Bryant, A. B.; Casagrande, R. A.; Delaney, D. A.; Elkner, T. E.; Fleischer, S. J.; Groves, R. L.; Gruner, D. S.; Harmon, J. P.; Heimpel, G. E.; Hemady, K.; Kuhar, T. P.; Maund, C. M.; Shelton, A. M.; Seaman, A. J.; Skinner, M.; Weinzierl, R.; Yeargan, K. V.; Szendrei, Z.
In: Florida Entomologist, Vol. 95, No. 2, 01.06.2012, p. 461-467.
Herlihy, MV, Van Driesche, RG, Abney, MR, Brodeur, J, Bryant, AB, Casagrande, RA, Delaney, DA, Elkner, TE, Fleischer, SJ, Groves, RL, Gruner, DS, Harmon, JP, Heimpel, GE, Hemady, K, Kuhar, TP, Maund, CM, Shelton, AM, Seaman, AJ, Skinner, M, Weinzierl, R, Yeargan, KV & Szendrei, Z 2012, 'Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America', Florida Entomologist, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 461-467. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0230
Herlihy MV, Van Driesche RG, Abney MR, Brodeur J, Bryant AB, Casagrande RA et al. Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America. Florida Entomologist. 2012 Jun 1;95(2):461-467. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0230
Herlihy, M. V. ; Van Driesche, R. G. ; Abney, M. R. ; Brodeur, J. ; Bryant, A. B. ; Casagrande, R. A. ; Delaney, D. A. ; Elkner, T. E. ; Fleischer, S. J. ; Groves, R. L. ; Gruner, D. S. ; Harmon, J. P. ; Heimpel, G. E. ; Hemady, K. ; Kuhar, T. P. ; Maund, C. M. ; Shelton, A. M. ; Seaman, A. J. ; Skinner, M. ; Weinzierl, R. ; Yeargan, K. V. ; Szendrei, Z. / Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America. In: Florida Entomologist. 2012 ; Vol. 95, No. 2. pp. 461-467.
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title = "Distribution of Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its displacement of cotesia glomerata in Eastern North America",
abstract = "A survey was conducted from May to Oct of 2011 of the parasitoid community of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), in cole crops in part of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The findings of our survey indicate that Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) now occurs as far west as North Dakota and has become the dominant parasitoid of P. rapae in the northeastern and north central United States and adjacent parts of southeastern Canada, where it has displaced the previously common parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Cotesia glomerata remains the dominant parasitoid in the mid-Atlantic states, from Virginia to North Carolina and westward to southern Illinois, below latitude N 38° 48′. This pattern suggests that the released populations of C. rubecula presently have a lower latitudinal limit south of which they are not adapted.",
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AU - Brodeur, J.
AU - Bryant, A. B.
AU - Casagrande, R. A.
AU - Delaney, D. A.
AU - Elkner, T. E.
AU - Fleischer, S. J.
AU - Groves, R. L.
AU - Gruner, D. S.
AU - Harmon, J. P.
AU - Heimpel, G. E.
AU - Hemady, K.
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AU - Yeargan, K. V.
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N2 - A survey was conducted from May to Oct of 2011 of the parasitoid community of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), in cole crops in part of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The findings of our survey indicate that Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) now occurs as far west as North Dakota and has become the dominant parasitoid of P. rapae in the northeastern and north central United States and adjacent parts of southeastern Canada, where it has displaced the previously common parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Cotesia glomerata remains the dominant parasitoid in the mid-Atlantic states, from Virginia to North Carolina and westward to southern Illinois, below latitude N 38° 48′. This pattern suggests that the released populations of C. rubecula presently have a lower latitudinal limit south of which they are not adapted.
AB - A survey was conducted from May to Oct of 2011 of the parasitoid community of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), in cole crops in part of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The findings of our survey indicate that Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) now occurs as far west as North Dakota and has become the dominant parasitoid of P. rapae in the northeastern and north central United States and adjacent parts of southeastern Canada, where it has displaced the previously common parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Cotesia glomerata remains the dominant parasitoid in the mid-Atlantic states, from Virginia to North Carolina and westward to southern Illinois, below latitude N 38° 48′. This pattern suggests that the released populations of C. rubecula presently have a lower latitudinal limit south of which they are not adapted.
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The government will attempt to make obtaining Danish citizenship more difficult with four specific changes to current policy, the integration minister has announced.
Integration Minister Inger Støjberg has announced that the Venstre government will push for changing Danish citizenship requirements in order to make them more difficult.
In a move foreshadowed last week, the government will propose making the Danish language requirements more stringent. Its proposal also calls for increasing the demands for financial self-reliance, making it more difficult to obtain citizenship for applicants with a criminal record and introducing a harder citizenship exam (indfødsretsprøve).
"To me, Danish citizenship is something very special. It's something you need to earn and be willing to strive after. Therefore we will make it significantly harder to get Danish citizenship," Støjberg told Jyllands-Posten.
The government's proposal seeks to dismantle moves put in place by the previous Social Democrat-led regime, which dropped the language requirements from Danish 3 to Danish 2 and rolled out a newer and more modern (some would say easier) citizenship test.
Language requirements: Applicants should have to pass an oral and written exam in Danish 3 instead of Danish 2.
Self-reliance: Applicants will have to prove that they have supported themselves for 4.5 out of the last five years, instead of the current 2.5 years.
Citizenship test: The current test requires applicants to answer at least 22 of 30 questions correctly. The government wants to make applicants correctly answer 32 of 40 questions.
Criminal record: Under current rules, a criminal record results in a three to 20 year quarantine from obtaining citizenship, depending on the nature of the crime. The government wants to increase that timeframe by 50 percent.
Despite the Venstre proposal rolling back their policies, the Social Democrats said they would work with the current government to make obtaining citizenship more difficult.
"We are prepared to look at further restrictions in this area. […] We will ourselves come with some concrete suggestions for where things should be tightened," Social Democrat spokeswoman Astrid Krag told Jyllands-Posten.
The anti-immigration Danish People's Party also expressed support for Støjberg's plans. With parliament's two largest parties seemingly on board, the proposal, or some form of it, looks likely to become a reality.
Meanwhile, Støjberg also announced on Wednesday that thousands of people who were due to receive citizenship in October with the passage of Denmark's next citizenship bill should have their applications reconsidered.
The new centre-right majority on parliament's Naturalization Committee previously said it would reevaluate the applications of those who have applied for a disposition to the regular requirements. Some 250 applicants were originally expected to be impacted by that decision but on Wednesday, Støjberg said that with nearly half of the roughly 2,750 people on the coming citizenship bill having received a disposition, all applicants should be looked at it again.
That suggestion however met significant political resistance, including from the libertarian Liberal Alliance (LA). Without LA's support, the government is unlikely to push the reopening of the cases through.


Looking for a little team fun and excitement? Our volley ball is a perfect complement to your event. The set comes complete with everything that you need for a game and we event include the complete setup at your event as part of our event delivery.


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Adoption & Foster CarePodcast & Radio Interviews
Adoption Roundtable: Early Growth and Development Study
By Emily HelderFebruary 22, 2021No Comments
Season 1, Episode 23: Dr. Amy Whitesel describes the work that she and her colleagues in the Early Growth and Development Study have been conducting. The EGDS is a longitudinal study that includes birth/first families, adopted individuals and their adoptive parents. Dr. Whitesel begins by outlining the design and goals of the EGDS, discussing ways that their study has provided a window into the complex interactions between genes and environment and their impact on child development. Additionally, because of the adoption design, the EGDS allows the team to examine a number of research questions related to the experiences of birth/first families, adopted persons, and adoptive families. Dr. Whitesel highlights some of the ways that their findings push against stereotypes and simplistic narratives about members of the adoptive kinship network and describes future plans for the EGDS as the adopted persons included in the study now approach adolescence and early adulthood.
Listen Now (Transcript Below)
For more background
Routledge Handbook of Adoption
Early Growth and Development Study
Dr. Emily Helder: Hi, I'm Dr. Emily Helder and I'm here with Dr. Amy Whitesel, who is an assistant research professor of psychology at George Washington University and a member of the Early Growth and Development study, which she and her team discussed in their chapter in the Routledge Handbook of Adoption. So thanks so much Amy for being here today.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Thank you for having me! I appreciate a chance to talk about one of my favorite subjects.
Dr. Emily Helder: Good. Well let's start by giving just an overview of the Early Growth and Development study. I'd love to better understand what your goals are in that project and also who is included as participants.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Sure. I've been a part of the Early Growth and Development study since it started, which was around 2000. It's been an amazing opportunity to be a part of this team. The Early Growth and Development study, it's a longitudinal study of birth and adoptive families and the birth parents in this sample participated in a voluntary, private domestic adoption.
So all the adoptions took place through licensed adoption service providers throughout the United States. So not child welfare. All private, with the help of the agencies, the adoption agencies, we were able to recruit this sample of birth and adoptive parents. They helped us to reach out to people who were participating in an adoption.
And so with their help, we were able to recruit 561 sets. And what I mean by a set is the birth, the birth mother and or father, the child who was placed for adoption and the adoptive family that child was placed in. And so that allows us to look at the biological family, where they are, we know about their shared genes and also the adoptive family where we are, where they're in a rearing environment with non-shared genes.
Our oldest adopted child now is probably 18. We started recruiting in 2003 and then our youngest adoptive kids were born in 2009. And all of them were placed in their adoptive homes within their first three months of life. Now, some of the aims of our study are really about, I mean, it's the Early Growth and Development study.
So we want to know about child development. We're looking at how family, peers, contextual processes kind of influence children's adjustment and how to look at that relationship that interplay with genetic influences. So for example, we're interested in learning about how a children's heritable characteristics are expressed in a certain process such as warm parenting or a supportive environment may influence how much or how little that characteristic is expressed.
We're also interested in learning how a child's heritable characteristics influence parenting style. So, for example, do parents adapt their parenting style based on a child's temperament or, you know, how does that all influence each other? And so while the primary goals of the study are really looking at these interesting relationships in child development, because we are an adoptive sample, it's given us this incredible opportunity to look at things unique to adoption.
So for example, where we can look at how the impact of openness influences adjustment on the birth family side and on the adoptive parents side, we can look at things like identity formation and adopted children. It's been a really awesome second opportunity just because of the design of our study.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Well, and I'd like to follow up on that because some of the goals that you've just described, I mean, these are questions we've been seeking to answer in the field for a long time, but, I was so excited to see your study come out and read the results of it because it's such it's large scale.
It's prospective, it's longitudinal. You have members from the whole adoption triad. So, I'm curious if you could say a bit more about the advantages that you feel like that design has for answering those kinds of questions compared to some of the existing research that might be like retrospective, looking back, or cross-sectional, kind of one-time point.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Sure. I'd say in relation to what we've learned about adoption, having a prospective study, this means we're collecting data as it happens, right. We're observing child and family development as it unfolds. We aren't asking participants to think about many years ago. And a lot of samples or studies of adoption have really, you know, one person is looking five years ago, someone's looking 10 years ago, 30 years ago, we're looking at these families as their adoption journey is unfolding on a daily basis.
And so, also by doing this prospective study, we're able to control for some factors that we thought may influence the data. So even when thinking about all the different types of adoptive families and the way that adoptions come about when we were recruiting our adoption agencies, we carefully chose how we were doing that.
So, for instance, we chose to recruit adoption agencies that are religious affiliated and not, we chose agencies that do a large number of adoptions or a small number of adoptions. They're localized, they're all over the country. We also selected adoption agencies that, that practice varying levels of adoption.
So, you know, 2003 doesn't seem like that long ago, but it really was. And adoption has changed so much since then, but at that time you could still select an agency that did completely closed adoptions. Nowadays that's not really such a thing. So both, but we were mindful of that because there were some agencies that would only practice open adoption and others that were really okay with if birth and adoptive families wanted completely closed. So in that regard, we're able, when you're doing a prospective study, you can control for some of those factors. We really wanted a generalizable sample and that allowed us to, you know, to do that. We also had some eligibility criteria for some of the study participants. So for example we wanted the infants to be placed in the adoptive family as soon after birth as possible. So we excluded things like if the child spent a significant time in the NICU after birth or had any major medical conditions. And again, that allowed us to have a sample that we thought would be more generalizable.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Well, and I want to follow up on some of the results that you guys have found. So we can kind of think about it with the different sorts of people you've been studying. So if we start with birth or first families, really a lot of the existing literature with that group, especially birth fathers probably is pretty limited.
So, it's exciting to have such a large sample that you're following over time. I wondered if you could say a bit about how the findings from your study have built on what was limited, but existing research with birth families.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: I'd love to talk about that. Most of my work on the study, you know, has really been with the birth families, although I've done a little bit of everything over, you know, 18 years, doing all these different things, but I find learning about birth parents just completely fascinating.
And I think that our research has really demonstrated consistency and just how challenging and emotionally difficult it is to make an adoption plan. So much of the previous research talks about the shame, the guilt, the grief, the worry that comes with placing the care of your child in someone else's arms.
And I think that our data really shows, the bravery and the courage that it takes to make a life altering decision like that. And, you know, sometimes birth parents have been depicted as selfish. Well, when you read through some of the open-ended data that we have, you know, where we ask them soon after placement, like, what is, what was the hardest thing? What do you remember the most? What was most important to you? You know, the primary theme was they wanted to give their child a life that they didn't feel like they could, and whether it was because of a poor living situation, a lack of finances, not having a support system, they just wanted what was best for their, for their child.
And, well, I think previous research has touched on that some. It seems to also have focused a lot more on the worry, the grief, the shame, but also I think some of our data helps sort of humanize that whole experience and just how difficult it is. With the birth fathers we were really fortunate to recruit more than 200. I mean, we couldn't be more thrilled about that and that alone speaks to their desire to be heard and included. The birth fathers in our sample were not always, even in a relationship with the birth mother. And I think maybe that's like a stereotypical thing. You either loved them and left them, or, you know, maybe it's a young couple teenage couple, you know, having a child that they weren't planning for, but the birth, some of the birth fathers that participate in our sample, they are participating when the birth mother didn't want to. And sometimes they had very little contact with the agency. They weren't directly involved with the adoption planning, but they were there, they were on the sidelines.
They were kind of following the lead of what the birth mother wanted. And I think because we were able to recruit that sample, it kind of gave them a voice. And it builds on some of the work, you know, I've read all the studies done by Gary Clapton. I mean, he's one of the other persons who's really looked at birth fathers in the fatherhood experience.
And then in my own work and my dissertation more years ago than I like to say, looked at how the birth fathers, how they adjusted post adoption and the more positive relationship they had with the birth mother, and it didn't mean they had to be married, didn't mean they had to be in a committed relationship, but the more positive they perceived that relationship, the better they adjusted in terms of like anxiety or depression and those kinds of symptoms following the adoption.
One of the things I wanted to say about previous research in terms of birth parents, and this has been touched on a little bit is just the value of support. The birth mothers, you know, they used to be sent away. It was a family disgrace, you know, an unplanned pregnancy was a terrible secret.
And so we asked extensively about the type of support that birth parents received while they were planning for the adoption and after, and they tended to have a more positive adjustment when they could talk openly, at least with one person. But also their parents. So the birth parents' parents still had a really strong influence on, you know, how they perceive things and what their support system was like.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Oh, that's so great to really get that rich kind of qualitative data from them as well. I wanted to follow up, you mentioned a little bit about maybe stereotypes that we might have. So I want to ask a little bit more about that. Especially because I see those things that are so relevant to adoptive microaggressions and, and some of that work.
So I wondered if you could say a bit about how your work has corrected or worked against, or provided, you know, contrasting evidence to some of those stereotypes that exist right now about birth mothers, birth fathers.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Honestly I think one of the biggest stereotypes, and maybe this has changed over time, but I think about like those afterschool specials or the lifetime movies that unfortunately don't always depict adoption in the most positive light, but where all, where birth parents are seen as teenagers.
And that is not the average age of birth parents, at least in our sample of more than 500 birth moms and 200 birth dads. You even see, you know, Jerry Springer, all these other shows where they do this paternity test and all these different things, have these teens. And that's really not, that's really not what we've seen.
So the average age of birth moms in our sample is 24. Our youngest birth mom was 13, our oldest birth mom, 43. The average age of our birth dads, 26, the youngest was 15 and the oldest was 58. So it's a big range. But really we're looking at young adults in their mid twenties.
And more than anything, they just wanted their child to be placed in a safe, loving, financially secure home. Something that many of them felt they never had personally. We also had a lot talk about, you know, "this is just at a time in my life where I wasn't prepared for this, I'm in college. I, you know, I'm in a relationship that wasn't committed."
We've had some birth parents that were assaulted and this is, you know, there's, there's a lot of different reasons, but honestly, I think one of the biggest stereotypes really is about the age and that birth mothers are not selfish and birth fathers aren't abandoners, you know, the spectrum is large, but generally what we've seen are people that really care about what happens to their child and they're just in difficult circumstances.
Dr. Emily Helder: Well, and thinking too about the practical implications, I'm wondering about how all this, all these findings that you've been describing with the birth families, how that might inform the work of adoption professionals, agencies who are working with these birth parents too, as they make their adoption plan.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: And, you know, I was thinking about that as I was preparing for today, you know, thinking about how would we put this into practice, right? Part of it is the outreach, maybe the outreach really on college campuses, for example, really needs to be present or, you know, just education more in high schools for the stresses that you might experience outside of, or the things that you may experience.
So that we're targeting services in the right way and based on developmental, you know, on the developmental stage of where people are.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Well, and I would think too, you know, even adoption agencies and professionals, depending on how much experience they have in the field might, you know, we all carry those stereotypes.
So let's switch gears and talk a little bit about the adoptive parents as well. So, you have longitudinal data on them and I wondered, you know, are there stereotypes that you think about for adoptive parents where you feel like, Oh, you know, our research is really providing a correction for that?
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Well, sure. I think what our research has shown is just sort of broadened our idea about why, the reasons families choose to adopt. And so I think the most common assumption for why individuals or couples adopt is because of fertility challenges, and the parents in our sample more often than not cited, just wanting to be a parent and wanting to be able to provide a loving home to a child.
And sure. Often, you know, the ability to have a child biologically was a challenge for, for many. Others chose adoption because, and honestly, we saw this a lot because adoption was already a part of their family. So they were adopted, they had a sibling who was adopted. Their lives had already been touched by adoption in such a way that they wanted to, to continue that.
It was part of their family system. We have also seen adoptive parents that didn't want to experience a pregnancy, maybe there was a medical condition that runs in their family, mental illness running in the family, something like that, where it would be a risk, to, to go through a pregnancy to them.
Also I think just the changing family structure in our country, you know, adoption provides an amazing opportunity to become a parent for singles or same-sex couples. And so it's just really broadened our horizons in terms of, you know, how we think about creating family. Yeah. Yeah.
Dr. Emily Helder: Well, and I want to touch too, on one of the goals you mentioned at the beginning, you talked about, even over and above what we can learn about adoption this study is really helpful in thinking about, you know, the interaction and interplay between genetics, prenatal experiences and environmental factors. I think sometimes we can, there can be more simplistic understandings of nature vs. nurture, and I was curious if you could give us some examples for how your study has pushed back against the more simplistic narratives about that.
Dr. Anne Atkinson: I mean, one of the awesome things about being a longitudinal study has allowed us, you know, you don't just get a grant for 18 years, right? You have to, you have to have new ideas and fresh things that you want to look at. And our principal investigators all have these amazing ideas about what we can continue to learn from a design like this.
And so these range from emotional health to parenting styles, to physical health. And so I've got a couple of examples. One I'll start with is physical health. So this design allows us to look at prenatal rearing environment and how those kinds of things may interact with each other. So think about from a physical standpoint, if you have a child who has a genetic risk for obesity, that child may have the genetic risk to be obese, but if they're raised in their adoptive families with a really active home, healthy diets, regular exercise and activity that may weaken the expression of that gene.
So maybe that lowers the risk for that child to become obese. Now in the reverse, if the child is then raised in an adoptive home where we don't have healthy lifestyles, we don't eat as well as we should. They may be more likely to become obese. So that's a physical health example.
Also adoptive parents want to know, you know, how is my parenting going to influence this child, right? What is it about my parenting? Is the child predisposed to certain behaviors or different things. And so obviously we look at that a lot. That's, that's something, you know, our study is really important to us.
And so one aspect that our data has shown us is there's a connection between like self-regulation of behavior. So for example, if a birth mom has good self-regulation of her behavior. We've also found that adopted children have good self-regulation behavior and that's at a younger age, that's at about age four.
We've also found that there's an association between harsh parenting and adopted child regulation. So, for example, if the child has good sort of self-regulation behaviors, then a parent is going to be more likely to have positively reinforce and you have better outcomes. And, you know, in terms of, in terms of parenting, there are relationships between the temperament and how it influences the parenting.
And I think one of the overarching things that we've learned is that positive reinforcement is so important, right. And that's parenting all the time, every day. But positive reinforcement and structure is so important for kids. Yeah.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Well, and especially, I would think too with kids who are, have a temperament that might be a little more impulsive, that you know, that working on the parenting side of warmth and positive reinforcement would be so helpful.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: I was going to say one more thing about that. Because one part of your question was about sort of like trying to break down nature versus nurture, right? And I think the message is it's not black and white, right? So these types of studies can help sort of diminish our black and white thinking.
It's not as simple as one or the other. It's not as simple as well, if your parent had this behavior, then you're going to have that behavior. It's a really interesting and complicated weave of individual and family characteristics. And it does demonstrate that just because a mother or father has a certain characteristic, it doesn't mean you, you will, you know, we're influenced by so many things as humans.
And we have to just, we continue to adapt and adjust, you know, as our environments change. So it's not one or the other. So I've had so many people ask me, so what is it? Nature or nurture? I was like, well, my answer is it's complicated. It's just depends on so many different factors, but that's what makes the study of human beings, so fascinating.
Dr. Emily Helder: Right. Oh, completely. I love that "it's complicated" answer. Right. I give that so many times to my students. So in thinking about openness, especially within adoption, you know, you, you mentioned that because of your recruitment strategies, you really, at least initially had quite a full range from people who are entering into planned, closed adoptions, people who are pursuing open adoption.
So I wondered, you know, as the field has been moving in the direction of greater openness, greater contact, I'm wondering if you could talk about some of the benefits that you're seeing for all the members of the network when, when there are these open arrangements. Sure.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: I think openness matters. But what we've studied more so than how much openness, we've looked at, how satisfied are families with the openness they have, and that's really a distinguishing factor. And so it doesn't necessarily mean that the more open your adoption is the better it is for everybody. It's how comfortable is everybody with the relationship that they have.
And so while all of our families for the most part, have some level of openness. We know that that's also a huge continuum. Openness in one person's mind is I have their first and last name and I have their phone number, email and openness for others is like we spend every Thanksgiving together or we see each other or my child does overnights there.
It's a huge continuum and openness means something different to every family. But what we really found is that the more satisfied birth parents and adoptive parents are with what they have, the happier that they are and the more settled that they feel, and that's what parents report for their children as well.
We're just now starting to ask kids now that our kids are old enough, you know, they're teenagers now, and this is really like where identities are forming. They're having a lot more questions about their birth family. We've just started asking questions about what kind of relationship they have with their birth family, what kind of questions they have and also how comfortable is communication about this in their home. And we are so excited to start analyzing those data. I mean, we've just started collecting it in the last year, because we just can't wait, you know, we've been following Hal Grotevant and some of the work of David Brodzinsky. And so they've really helped shape some of the questions that we're asking now, because our sample is younger than Hal's.
And we just can't wait to see how they're experiencing this, this communication and what can we do to share, you know, within the adoption community, what are we learning now in this generation about openness and about how families can communicate with their kids comfortably about their adoption and all the things that come up with that.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Oh, that's so exciting. I can't wait to see that data. You're right. I had talked with Hal Grotevant recently and just really love a lot of the work that he's doing. It's so nice to have your updated cohort because his was really recruited before openness was, was as much…
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Right. I mean, he has young adults or middle adults now.
And so this really is like just adding a whole nother generation to that. And so we're really excited to see how that's changed or how we can compare, you know, in those two samples, what their experience is like. You know, I guess one other thing I was going to have like social media and things like that have changed adoption dramatically.
And so this gives us a little bit of window into. You know, it's really easy to find somebody if you want to now and how that impacts these relationships. So, yeah. Yeah.
Dr. Emily Helder: I'm looking, I'm anticipating a lot more research on that from, you know, the ethical side of that, the personal experience side of that.
Yeah. Tell me more too about what you have planned for the adoptees in the study, you know, as they're aging into a point where they can really do a lot of reporting and, and tell you how they're feeling. I'm curious what you're anticipating, being able to assess.
Dr. Amy Whitesel: Well, that's a really good question.
I mean, that's something we're still planning for right now. We certainly hope to continue to follow this sample. We feel so fortunate to be able to have these kids that are, you know, 18 years old now and follow them through all these developmental stages of life. And so I think right now our goal is to really be able to keep this going right, to really be able to keep following these families.
They showed such a level of commitment to us, despite our big projects and our little projects. So, I mean, I think we just want to continue to find additional ways to look at their experience and also for us to really partner with Hal and with others that are looking at adults so that we're asking the right questions.
But I think we're really still in the beginning stages of that in terms of the Early Growth and Development study and what we want to do. But we want to do it carefully and thoughtfully and planfully, so that we really do have a good understanding of, of how in today's world and today's adoption and how that looks, and what we can do to help benefit, you know, what kind of research can we share?
What can we, what else can we do like this? Or write the next book, right, with those kinds of results.
Dr. Emily Helder: Yeah. Oh, exciting. I'm looking forward to continuing to follow the outcomes. Well, thanks. Thanks so much for taking some time to tell us a bit about your work and about the project and also thank your group for writing the chapter for the Handbook.
Yeah. Great. Well, thanks so much.
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NZ government to deliver an 'Amazon-style' experience for citizens
By Divina Paredes
New Zealand Editor, CIO	 Sep 8, 2015 8:03 am PDT
NZ government CIO, Colin MacDonald, has vowed to digitise 70 per cent of common transactions across agencies by 2017, delivering an 'Amazon-style' experience to citizens accessing services.
MacDonald – who is also chief executive of the NZ Department of Internal Affairs – told attendees at the ANZ CIO Forum that the NZ government had already taken significant steps towards building a single ICT ecosystem to support transformed public services.
"It is one of the most challenging [things] because it involves every single department that interacts with citizens," said MacDonald.
The traditional government service models are no longer fit for purpose, he said.
"When we talk about moving to a more 'Amazon-style' experience, it is about making it easy for the customer, government connecting the dots behind the scenes, with a mix of public and private sector providers," he told attendees.
MacDonald said this means using information agencies already have about their customers to provide services faster and more proactively.
"We all know when New Zealanders are born because their birth is registered, he said. "Why don't we contact people when they reach a certain age? We wait for them to contact us in the future. We should be reaching out and contacting them.
"For instance, when a person turns 65, they will get a birthday greeting from the government with a message that they will receive their first super payment on this date."
It is about putting the customer at the centre of their own digital life, or searching for digital ways to make their 'life admin' easier, MacDonald said.
MacDonald added that the NZ government needs to match the level of services provided to citizens by private sector organisations. It will do this by designing digital services based on predictable life events.
The customer only thinks of what they want to do, not what service is called or which agency has that service), he said.
"They don't differentiate between public and private sector – they want a seamless experience and increasingly, this is through their smartphone.
"We live our life on smartphones. We want them [government services] met increasingly on our phones, our convenience, where we want to do it. We want to complete it and finish a transaction on it and not have to wind up in somebody else's premises to do something," he said.
You have to put the citizen at the centre, not at the centre of your agency, but at the centre of our government.Colin MacDonald, NZ Government CIO
Agencies to consume standard capabilities
Traditionally, government agencies have planned, invested in and managed their own ICT. But the government's new standardised, consolidated technology ecosystem will enable individual agencies to consume capabilities and provide smarter services, MacDonald said.
"All of this is underpinned by a system-wide approach to assurance and privacy and security. But the only way we can do this is if we have an environment that has the ability to allow others to link into this ICT ecosystem," he said.
MacDonald said the NZ government has already laid the foundations to achieve this goal. There is a new catalogue of common infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) capabilities, which have already delivered $70 million in annualised savings, MacDonald said.
The NZ government is also developing a 'telecommunications-as-a-service' offering for agencies, he said.
"You have to put the citizen at the centre, not at the centre of your agency, but at the centre of our government. Think about the impact before you design your services," he advised.
Despite describing innovation and government as an 'oxymoron', MacDonald said governments do innovate, can innovate and continue to innovate.
"Innovation is not just about big amazing new things – it is just coming at a problem in a different way."
He said the New Zealand passport is an example of this type of innovation. New Zealand is the only country in the world where adult passports can be renewed completely online.
"We developed a passport-strength electronic identity credential, co-branded it with the login service and launched in 2013 to the public and private sector to verify identity online," he said.
The application process was simplified, and costs less than the manual process it replaced, he said.
MacDonald said it took him less than 14 minutes to renew his passport earlier this year.
"This included 7 minutes to get a photograph I can live with for five years and six-and-a-half minutes to submit the information fully online. The passport arrived through the mail in four days.
We did that by really thinking how to use technology to change the risk profile," he said.
"It was a simple breakthrough, he says, as they have a photograph to match what was taken five years ago. We can match that with what you have and biometrics capabilities in the background do the risk profiling."
Another online project, dubbed RealMe, provides a 'passport strength' identity for citizens. It's a government-backed partnership between NZ's Department of Internal Affairs and NZ Post.
"If you are going to start using citizen services you need to make sure you are who you say you are," he said.
Eventually, RealMe will also be an information broker, enabling individuals to forward their details to other government departments.
"The systems that drive the identity verification service also enable us to provide a consent-based service enabling citizens to share their personal information securely.
"We want to leverage common capabilities to harmonise infrastructure and better enable info-sharing, simplifying procurement, reducing cost and risk," he said.
Finally, MacDonald admitted that delivering public services and moving transactional into a digital environment isn't easy.
"We have the challenges of a fast paced technological environment, high levels of citizen digital propensity, varying levels of connectivity (rural and urban broadband) as well as some legislation that was written prior to the digital age."
The government faces significant challenges rolling out these services. Among these is a three-year political cycle which may restrict long-term investment and thinking, he said.
Another is risk aversion, which can be counterproductive to innovation – as well as the need to serve all customers, he said.
"Customers don't have the option of another provider, and are reliant on government services and ability to meet their needs," he said.
MacDonald's clarion call is for the imperative to 'think differently' and take a non-hierarchical approach to problem solving.
"Our generation does not have all the answers, but the younger generation has grown up with this technology. These are our digital natives, developing solutions in ways we can't imagine."
Send news tips and comments to divina_paredes@idg.co.nz
Follow Divina Paredes on Twitter: @divinap
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Divina Paredes was the editor of CIO New Zealand. She also organised and moderated CIO community events such as the CIO roundtable discussions and CIO leaders' luncheons.
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"63" => "Log out",
"64" => "File XLS",
"65" => "File Word",
"66" => "Copia",
"67" => "File selezionato",
"68" => "Incolla",
"69" => "O scegli un'altra cartella",
"70" => "Sposta",
"71" => "Questo file esiste già (i nomi sono insensibili alle maiuscole)",
"72" => "La cartella radice non è corretta. Controllala nel file conf/conf.php",
"73" => "è stato copiato nella cartella",
"74" => "è stata copiata nella cartella",
"75" => "IL file users.txt non è nella cartella privata",
"76" => "Questo file è stato cancellato",
"77" => "Invia",
"78" => "Passa",
"79" => "File PDF",
"80" => "File MOV",
"81" => "File AVI",
"82" => "File MPG",
"83" => "File MPEG",
"84" => "Aiuto",
"85" => "Aggiorna",
"86" => "Chiudi",
"87" => "Cerca",
"88" => "Scarica",
"89" => "Impossibile aprire il file",
"90" => "Stampa",
"91" => "File FLASH",
"92" => "Lingua",
"93" => "Per poter segliere una lingua, il tuo browser browser deve accettare i cookie.",
"94" => "Login",
"95" => "Scegli la lingua:",
"96" => "Scegli la cartella di destinazione nell'albero: ",
"97" => "Invia File",
"98" => "Clicca in qualsiasi punto di questo riquadro per chiuderlo.",
"99" => "non è scrivibile. Potrebbero esserci problemi di permessi...contatta il tuo amministratore.",
"100"=> "Impossibile trovare il file ",
"101"=> "La cartella di origine e quella di destinazione sono uguali!",
"102"=> "Errore durante la creazione del file:",
"103"=> "Impossibile trovare la cartella ",
"104"=> "Vai ad una destinazione",
"105"=> "Invia un indirizzo via e-mail per accedere direttamente a questa posizione.",
"106"=> "Invia e-mail",
"107"=> "Il tuo nome e/o la tua e-mail",
"108"=> "L'e-mail di destinazione",
"109"=> "URL cliccabile",
"110"=> "Aggiungi un commento",
"111"=> "La seguente e-mail è stata inviata:",
"112"=> "Invio dell'e-mail fallito: ",
"113"=> "La selezione è vuota!",
"114"=> "Si è verificato un errore sconosciuto durante la copia!",
"115"=> "Il file è stato salvato con successo",
"116"=> "file",
"117"=> "La cartella",
"118"=> "Scarica più file",
"119"=> "Clicca su qualsiasi file per scaricarlo.",
"120"=> "Non sei autorizzato a cancellare l'intero albero!",
"121"=> "Immagine",
"122"=> "Cestino",
"123"=> "è stato spostato nella ",
"124"=> "Sovrascrivere i file esistenti?",
"125"=> "Un file o una cartella con questo nome esiste già (i nomi sono insensibili alle maiuscole), scegline un'altro!",
"126"=> "Miniature",
"127"=> "Dimensione",
"128"=> "file selezionati.",
"129"=> "Visualizza",
"130"=> "Cartelle",
"131"=> "Dettagli",
"132"=> "Nessun file",
"133"=> "Nome",
"134"=> "Tipo",
"135"=> "Dimensioni",
"136"=> "Visualizza immagine più grande",
"138"=> "Ultima modifica.",
"139"=> "Modifica online",
"140"=> "Riprodici l'intera cartella",
"141"=> "Lettura della cartella",
"142"=> "Connesso come ",
"143"=> "Esplorazione come ospite. Loggati.",
"144"=> "Non connesso.",
"145"=> "Miei segnalibri",
"146"=> "Elimina segnalibro",
"147"=> "Segnalibri",
"148"=> "Superiore",
"149"=> "Aggiorna",
"150"=> "Visualizzazione",
"151"=> "Cambia modalità di visualizzazione...",
"152"=> "Segnalibro",
"153"=> "Aggiungi la posizione corrente ai miei segnalibri",
"154"=> "N. cartella",
"155"=> "Crea una nuova cartella",
"156"=> "Nuovo file",
"157"=> "Crea un nuovo file vuoto",
"158"=> "Rinomina il file o la cartella selezionati",
"159"=> "Copia la selezione in...",
"160"=> "Sposta i file selezionati in ...",
"161"=> "Elimina i file selezionati.",
"162"=> "Modifica i file di testo online.",
"163"=> "Log in",
"164"=> "Log out",
"165"=> "Impostazioni",
"166"=> "Informazioni",
"167"=> "Informazioni su Pydio",
"168" => "Accedi a APPLICATION_TITLE",
"169" => "Esci da APPLICATION_TITLE",
"170" => "Cartella corrente",
"parent_access_key" => "u",
"refresh_access_key" => "A",
"list_access_key" => "L",
"thumbs_access_key" => "t",
"bookmarks_access_key" => "g",
"upload_access_key" => "r",
"folder_access_key" => "N",
"file_access_key" => "f",
"rename_access_key" => "R",
"copy_access_key" => "C",
"move_access_key" => "p",
"delete_access_key" => "E",
"edit_access_key" => "M",
"view_access_key" => "V",
"download_access_key" => "S",
"settings_access_key" => "m",
"about_access_key" => "z",
"empty_recycle_access_key" => "o",
"restore_access_key" => "i",
"171" => "Esplora computer",
"172" => "La tua selezione",
"173" => "Nome della nuova cartella",
"174" => "Nome del nuovo file",
"175" => "Scegli la cartella di destinazione",
"176" => "I file selezionati saranno spostati nel cestino.",
"177" => "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare definitivamente i file selezioanti?",
"178" => "Precedente",
"179" => "Successivo",
"180" => "Inserisci nome utente/password",
"181" => "Utente",
"182" => "Password",
"183" => "Scegli una cartella di destinazione diversa da quella di origine!",
"184" => "Cerca nella cartella corrente e nelle sottocartelle",
"185" => "Interrompi la ricerca",
"186" => "Anteprima dell'immagine",
"187" => "Edizione online - ",
"189" => "Modifica le mie impostazioni",
"190" => "Lingua",
"191" => "Visualizzazione predefinita",
"192" => "Lista dettagliata",
"193" => "Miniature",
"194" => "Cambia Password",
"195" => "Impostazioni utente",
"196" => "La lingua selezionata è diversa da quella corrente!\\n Vuoi ricaricare la pagina per cambiare lingua?",
"197" => "Preferenze utente cambiate con successo! \\n\\n. Se hai cambiato la password, questo avrà effetto dopo la disconnessione. \\n\\n. Se hai cambiato la lingua, clicca su ricarica (F5) nel tuo browser per aggiornare la pagina.",
"198" => "Nuovo",
"199" => "Conferma",
"200" => "Modifica il Repository in...",
"201" => "Attenzione, alcune modifiche non sono state salvate!\\n Vuoi davvero chiudere?",
"202" => "Attenzione, copia ricorsiva!",
"203" => "La cartella di destinazione è la stessa di quella di origine!",
/* GROUPED SENTENCE : 'the file "filename.ext" exceeds size limit (1Mb)\nIt will not be uploaded.*/
"204" => "Il file \"",
"205" => "\" supera il limite di destinazione (",
"206" => "Mb).\\nNon sarà inviato.",
"207" => "Non hai i permessi di scrittura su questa cartella",
"208" => "Non hai i permessi di lettura su questa cartella",
"209" => "Errore interno del server, contatta l'amministratore!",
"210" => "Invio fallito",
"211" => "Il file è troppo grande!",
"212" => "Nessun file trovato sul server!",
"213" => "Errore durante la copia del file nella cartella corrente",
"214" => "Naviga tra i file",
"215" => "Inizia invio",
"216" => "Svuota la coda",
"217" => "Svuotamento completato",
"218" => "Rimuovi dalla coda",
"219" => "Completato",
"220" => "Svuota",
"221" => "Svuota il cestino",
"222" => "Ripristina",
"223" => "Ripristina il file nella sua cartella di origine",
"224" => "Vai a",
"225" => "Rinomina segnalibro",
"226" => "Lista",
"227" => "Passa alla visualizzazione dettagliata",
"228" => "Miniature",
"229" => "Passa alla visualizzazione miniature",
"230" => "Riproduci",
"231" => "Riproduci la sequenza",
"232" => "Ferma",
"233" => "Ferma la sequenza",
"234" => "Visualizza le immagini selezionate",
"235" => "Schermo intero",
"236" => "Ripristina",
"237" => "Vecchia password",
"238" => "Le password sono diverse!",
"239" => "Inserisci la tua password attuale",
"240" => "Password errata!",
"241" => "Impostazioni salvate con successo",
"242" => "Registro SVN",
"svn_log_access_key" => "L",
"243" => "Revisione",
"244" => "Autore",
"245" => "Data",
"246" => "Messaggio",
"247" => "Estrai",
"248" => "Estrai selezione da zip a...",
"249" => "Gestione utenti",
"250" => "Gestione repository",
"251" => "Registri",
"252" => "Dimensione massima di invio raggiunto.",
"253" => "Errore HTTP:",
"254" => "Errore I/U:",
"255" => "Errore di sicurezza:",
"256" => "Trasferito",
"257" => "Rimuovere",
"258" => "Numero di file:",
"259" => "Dimensioni combinato:",
"260" => "byte",
"261" => "Ricorda la password",
"262" => "Uno o più sembrano già esistere\\n nella cartella di destinazione.\\nCosa vuoi fare?",
"263" => "Sovrascrivi",
"264" => "Salta",
"265" => "File",
"266" => "B",
"267" => "Crea",
"268" => "Crea una nuova tabella",
"269" => "Struttura",
"270" => "Modifica struttura tabella",
"271" => "Elimina",
"272" => "Elimina tabella aperta",
"273" => "Inserisci",
"274" => "Inserisci una nuova riga",
"275" => "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare le tabelle selezionate?",
"276" => "Modifica riga selezionata",
"277" => "Elimina riga selezionata",
"278" => "Sei sicuro di voler eliminare le righe selezionate?",
"279" => "Tabelle",
"280" => "Righe",
"281" => "Limiti",
"282" => "Dimensione per file",
"283" => "Dimensione totale",
"284" => "Numero di file",
"285" => "Impossibile trovare l'utente, riprova per favore.\\n Assicurarsi che il blocco maiuscole non sia inserito!",
"286" => "Il tuo utente è disallineato con la versione corrente, prego usare la procedura di aggiornamento.",
"287" => "Permessi file",
"288" => "Utente",
"289" => "Gruppo",
"290" => "Tutti",
"291" => "Applicare in modo ricorsivo?",
"292" => "Collegamento pubblico",
"293" => "Crea un collegamento pubblico a questo file",
"294" => "Scadenza collegamento e password",
"295" => "Scadenza collegamento (giorni)",
"296" => "Prego copiare il link seguente:",
"297" => "Nuovo utente",
"298" => "Crea un nuovo utente",
"299" => "Nuovo repository",
"300" => "Crea un nuovo repository",
"create_repo_accesskey" => "r",
"create_user_accesskey" => "u",
"301" => "Modifica configurazione",
"302" => "Copia come testo",
"303" => "Copia selezione come testo separato da tabulatori.",
"304" => "Indietro",
"305" => "Torna alla pagina iniziale",
"306" => "Troppe cartelle",
"307" => "Riempi campi opzionali",
"308" => "Genera collegamento",
"309" => "Genera",
"310" => "Opzioni",
"311" => "Esegui il caricamento in automatico all'aggiunta di un file",
"312" => "Opzioni di caricamento",
"313" => "Comprimi...",
"314" => "Comprimi la selezione in uno zip...",
"315" => "Comprimi la selezione in",
"316" => "Apri con...",
"open_with_access" => "c",
"317" => "Vedi sorgente",
"318" => "Vedi codice sorgente CodePress",
"319" => "Editor HTML",
"320" => "Editor WYSIWYG per HTML",
"321" => "Seleziona",
"322" => "Seleziona il file corrente",
"323" => "Invia per e-mail questo URL",
"324" => "Nessun editor disponibile",
"325" => "Adatta al meglio",
"326" => "Non adattare",
"327" => "100%",
"328" => "Viewer PDF",
"329" => "Vedi PDF online",
"330" => "Attendi per favore che le pagine vengano create...",
"331" => "Pagina",
"332" => "di",
"333" => "Editor immagine Pixlr",
"334" => "altro",
"335" => "Per favore inserisci un numero di pagina compreso tra 1 e ",
"336" => "Non è possibile trascinare le cartelle, è possibile trascinare solo i files!",
"337" => "Caricamento automatico",
"338" => "Chiusura automatica dopo il caricamento",
"339" => "File esistenti",
"340" => "Allarme",
"341" => "Info sul file",
"342" => "Info sulla cartella",
"343" => "Info sull'immagine",
"344" => "Cerca in",
"345" => "Nessuna informazione sulla versione",
"346" => "La tua versione è aggiornata",
"347" => "Una nuova versione (%s) è disponibile! Visita %s",
"348" => "Un nuovo repository è stato condiviso.",
"349" => "Attenzione, mancano argomenti",
"350" => "Un utente che non sei tu esiste già con questo nome, scegli un altro nome.",
"351" => "Non sei autorizzato a condividere elementi pubblici.",
"352" => "Un repository con lo stesso nome esiste già, per favore scegli un altro nome.",
"353" => "Utente destinatario",
"354" => "Crea un nuovo utente o scegline uno di quelli esistenti dalla lista.",
"355" => "Utente",
"356" => "Password",
"357" => "Percorso Repository",
"358" => "scegliere un nome per l'elemento condiviso e assegnare i privilegi di accesso per l'utente.",
"359" => "Etichetta",
"360" => "Privilegi",
"361" => "Lettura",
"362" => "Scrittura",
"363" => "Condividi elementi",
"364" => "Non hai i privilegi necessari per completare l'operazione",
"365" => "Non ti è consentito di caricare più di %s files per volta.",
"366" => "Questo utente non ha nessun repository attivo.",
"367" => "Non sei autorizzato a caricare questo tipo di file. Sei pregato di scegliere tra le seguenti estensioni : ",
"368" => "Selezione estratta con successo dall'archivio %s alla cartella %s",
"369" => "Link APPLICATION_TITLE",
"370" => "APPLICATION_TITLE download pubblico",
"371" => "È richiesta una password per questo download",
"372" => "Repository corrente",
"373" => "Destinazione",
"374" => "Non è possibile copiare le cartelle dei repositories",
"375" => "Attenzione, sei rimasto inattivo da più di __IDLE__, sarai reindirizzato al __LOGOUT__",
"376" => "Fare clic su un punto qualsiasi per riattivare",
"378" => "Attenzione il campo password è vuoto o la password è troppo corta!",
"379" => "Parola non sicura!",
"380" => "Troppo corta",
"381" => "Molto debole",
"382" => "Debole",
"383" => "Media",
"384" => "Forte",
"385" => "Molto forte",
"386" => "Hai fallito il login per 3 volte.\\nPer sicurezza, sei pregato di inserire il codice che appare nell'immagine.",
"389" => "Per favore leggi il codice qui sotto :",
"390" => "Codice",
"391" => "Nessun Repository",
"392" => "Attenzione, la versione di APPLICATION_TITLE è cambiata (ora %s), per favore pulisci la cache del tuo browser e aggiorna la pagina per essere sicuro che tutto funzioni correttamente!",
"393" => "Attenzione, la lunghezza dei nomi deve essere inferiore a %s, il nome del file verrà troncato!",
"394" => "Purtroppo la condivisione della cartella non è momentaneamente possibile con il driver di autorizzazione attuale (utenti non modificabili). La condivisione file è comunque ancora possibile.",
"395" => "L'elemento rilasciato sembra essere una cartella e le cartelle non possono essere caricate sul server! Si conferma il caricamento?",
"396" => "Metodo autorizz.",
"397" => "Scaricamento a pezzi",
"398" => "Scaricare a pezzi il file selezionato",
"399" => "Immettere il numero di pezzi da scaricare, quindi fare clic sul pulsante e su ciascun file per scaricarlo.",
"400" => "Numero di pezzi:",
"401" => "È possibile scaricare e installare il software che segue per assemblare i pezzi copiati sul computer: ",
"402" => "http://www.hjsplit.org/",
"403" => "Preferenze WebDAV",
"404" => "Puoi utilizzare il protocollo WebDAV per montare i tuoi repository APPLICATION_TITLE come 'dischi di rete' su vari client, inclusi Windows, Mac, iPhone, etc.",
"405" => "Utilizza le seguenti URLs per accedere ai tuoi repository, con lo username e password che hai inserito. Attenzione: ciò non funzionerà finché non imposti questa caratteristicha come 'attiva' ed inserisci la tuo password.",
"406" => "Attiva le condivisioni WebDAV",
"407" => "Inserisci la tua password se è la prima volta che attivi le condivisioni WebDAV, oppure se vuoi re-inserire una nuova password :",
"408" => "Condivisioni WebDav attivate correttamente, non dimenticare di aggiornare la tua password se questa è la prima attivazione!",
"409" => "Condivisioni WebDav disattivate correttamente",
"410" => "Password WebDav aggiornata correttamente",
"411" => "Apri",
"412" => "Solo upload",
"413" => "Condiviso da",
"414" => "Usa le frecce per navigare e +/- per variare lo zoom",
"415" => "Nascondi/visualizza pannello di sinistra",
"416" => "Pannello Sx",
"leftpane_accesskey" => "L",
"417" => "Aggiungi repository ...",
"418" => "Crea il tuo repository",
"419" => "Caricando i template...",
"420" => "Template",
"421" => "Nuovo %s",
"422" => "Per favore, compila i parametri richiesti. Passa sopra i titoli dei campi con il mouse per avere maggiori informazioni.",
"423" => "Cancella repository",
"424" => "Sei sicuro di voler cancellare questo repository? L'operazione è irreversibile",
"425" => "Il repository è stato creato ed aggiunto al tuo elenco dei repository, se vuoi rimuoverlo, prima passa ad un altro repository, poi clicca sulla croce rossa vicino al nome del repository.",
"426" => "C'è stato un errore nella creazione del repository",
"427" => "C'è stato un errore nella cancellazione del repository",
"428" => "Il repository è stato cancellato con successo",
"429" => "Questo è come apparirà il repository nel tuo elenco.",
"430" => "File di Default",
"431" => "Template d'Esempio",
"432" => "Miei File",
"433" => "pronto",
"434" => "inviando",
"435" => "fatto",
"436" => "errore",
"437" => "Ooops, sembra che il tuo token di sicurezza sia scaduto! Per favore %s premendo aggiorna o F5 nel tuo browser!",
"438" => "ricarica la pagina",
"439" => "Opzioni Principali",
"440" => "Si",
"441" => "No",
"442" => "Mio Account",
"443" => "Aggiorna le tue informazioni personali",
"444" => "Per favore aggiorna la password, altrimenti non sarai in grado di autenticarti.",
"445" => "Adesso verrai disconnesso, ti preghiamo di riautenticarti con la tua nuova password, grazie!",
"446" => "Presentazione",
"447" => "Mio gruppo",
"448" => "crea utente",
"449" => "Creando %s, scegli una password",
"450" => "Ordina per ...",
"451" => "Ordina miniature per ...",
"452" => "Dimensioni delle miniature",
"453" => "Imposta le dimensioni delle miniature",
"454" => "Scegli i file dal tuo computer",
"455" => "Miei Workspace",
"456" => "Altro",
"457" => "aggiorna",
"458" => "rimuovi",
"459" => "Cartella principale",
"460" => "Dettagli",
"461" => "Passa alla visuale dettagliata",
"detail_access_key" => "D",
"date_relative_date" => "il DATE",
"date_relative_time" => "TIME",
"date_relative_date_format" => "Y/m/d",
"date_relative_time_format" => "H:i",
"date_relative_today" => "oggi alle TIME",
"date_relative_yesterday" => "ieri alle TIME",
"date_relative_tomorrow" => "domani alle TIME",
"date_relative_days_ago" => "%s giorni fa",
"date_relative_days_ahead" => "fra %s giorni",
"462" => "Anteprima",
"preview_access_key" => "e",
"463" => "Scarica tutto",
"464" => "Scarica in una volta tutto il contenuto del workspace (compresso)",
"465" => "Mostra URL alternativi (monta separatamente i workspace)",
"466" => "Caricamento...",
"467" => "Tutti gli elementi condivisi",
"468" => "My Workspaces",
"469" => "Condivisi con me",
"470" => "Creato il %date",
"471" => "Creato da %user %date",
"472" => "Condiviso da %user",
"473" => "Condiviso da %user %date",
"474" => "Nessuna descrizione",
"475" => "File condivisi con tutti gli utenti",
"476" => "Il tuo workspace personale",
"477" => "Seleziona un file o una cartella per visualizzarne i dettagli qui",
"478" => "Nessun risultato",
"479" => "Password dimenticata?",
"480" => "Naviga nelle directory del workspace corrente.",
"481" => "Tutte i file e le cartelle da te condivise",
"482" => "Accesso rapido ai preferiti",
"483" => "Non sei autorizzato a creare nuovi utenti!",
"484" => "Crea utente",
"485" => "Crea utente condiviso",
"486" => "Avanzate",
"487" => "Base",
"488" => "Filtro Avanzato",
"489" => "Metadata",
"490" => "Intervallo date",
"491" => "Dopo",
"492" => "fino a",
"493" => "Oggi",
"494" => "Ieri",
"495" => "Ultima settimana",
"496" => "Ultimo mese",
"497" => "Ultimo anno",
"498" => "Proprierà documento",
"499" => "File",
"500" => "estensione",
"501" => "o",
"502" => "Cartella",
"503" => "Dimensione",
"504" => "1k,1M,1G",
"505" => "a",
"506" => "Parametri applicazione (utenti, workspaces, configurazioni)",
"507" => "Benvenuto su %s",
"508" => "Ho appena creato un account per te su %s. Per collegarti, clicca sul seguente link %link ed utilizza queste credenziali:  <br><br> Login: %user <br><br> Password: %pass",
"509" => "Salva la lista di utenti corrente come team",
"510" => "Inserisci un nome per il team",
"511" => "Il mio %s",
"512" => "Schermo Intero",
"513" => "mostra",
"514" => "nascondi",
"515" => "Nessun segnalibro - Trascina file o cartelle qui per l'accesso rapido.",
"516" => "espandi",
"517" => "raggruppa",
"518" => "In alternativa, puoi <a class='create_file_alt_link'>Creare un file vuoto</a>.",
"519" => "Aggiorna utente",
"520" => "Aggiorna i dati dell'utente e la password",
"521" => "Utente aggiornato correttamente",
"522" => "ID Utente",
"523" => "Password",
"524" => "Aggiorna Password",
"525" => "Mostra immagine originale",
"526" => "Versione a bassa risoluzione",
"527"=> "Condiviso con",
"528"=> "Utenti Interni",
"530"=> "Utenti Esterni",
"531"=> "Int.",
"532"=> "Est.",
"533" => "Identifier used to login, please use alphanumeric or email lowercase characters.",
"534" => "Password used to login",
"535" => "Send password by email",
"536" => "Send a welcome email including the password to the new user",
"plugtype.title.access" => "Workspace Driver",
"plugtype.desc.access" => "'Plugin' definisce come un workspace può accedere al backend (un sistema di memorizzazione file o altro) e le principali azioni.",
"plugtype.title.action" => "Plugin Azioni",
"plugtype.desc.action" => "Plugin orientato alle funzionalità per gestire diversi aspetti",
"plugtype.title.authfront" => "Frontend di Autenticazione",
"plugtype.desc.authfront" => "Metodi per l'ottenimento delle credenziali d'identificazione (web form, api key, ecc)",
"plugtype.title.cypher" => "Strumenti Crittografici",
"plugtype.desc.cypher" => "Plugin crittazione dati",
"plugtype.title.editor" => "Editors",
"plugtype.desc.editor" => "Visualizzatori o editor per una vasta gamma di tipi MIME",
"plugtype.title.gui" => "Interfaccia Grafica Utente",
"plugtype.desc.gui" => "Interfaccia web principale ed i suoi effetti",
"plugtype.title.index" => "Indicizzazione",
"plugtype.desc.index" => "Stumenti per l'indicizzazione dei dati e per l'acceso rapido durante le ricerche",
"plugtype.title.meta" => "Attributi Meta Workspace",
"plugtype.desc.meta" => "Caratteristiche addizionali che saranno aggiunte ai workspace",
"plugtype.title.metastore" => "Memorizzazione Metadata",
"plugtype.desc.metastore" => "Varie implementazioni di memorizzazione per i metadati, insieme a file e cartelle",
"plugtype.title.shorten" => "URL Shortening",
"plugtype.desc.shorten" => "Collegamenti ai servizi Web per lo shortening dei link pubblici",
"plugtype.title.uploader" => "Uploader",
"plugtype.desc.uploader" => "Implementazione di uploader, utilizzando varie tecnologie (html, js, java...)",
"plugtype.title.auth" => "Backends Autenticazione",
"plugtype.desc.auth" => "Come i dati degli utenti sono memorizzati nel backend",
"plugtype.title.boot" => "Loader",
"plugtype.desc.boot" => "Plugin unico, per il caricamento del framework.",
"plugtype.title.conf" => "Memorizzazione Configurazioni",
"plugtype.desc.conf" => "Come i dati di configurazione sono memorizzati nel beckend",
"plugtype.title.feed" => "Memorizzazione Eventi",
"plugtype.desc.feed" => "Implementazioni per la memorizzazione degli eventi (al momento, solo SQL)",
"plugtype.title.log" => "Loggers",
"plugtype.desc.log" => "Invia i log dell'applicazione attraverso vari canali",
"plugtype.title.mailer" => "Mailers",
"plugtype.desc.mailer" => "Strumenti per consentire all'applicazione di inviare email",
"plugtype.title.mq" => "Messaggistica Istantanea",
"plugtype.desc.mq" => "Implementazione di un semplice server PUB/SUB",
"537" => "Il file è troppo grande! La dimensione massima autorizzata è %i",
"538" => "Errore caricamento: nessun file trovato sul server!",
"539" => "Errore caricamento: il file è parziale",
"540" => "Errore caricamento: impossibile trovare la cartella temporanea",
"541" => "Errore caricamento: non è possibile scrivere nella cartella temporanea",
"542" => "Errore caricamento: un'estensione PHP ha bloccato il processo di caricamento"
/* END SENTENCE */
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The adoption process in Italy is particularly complex and regulated by legislation that tends to protect each child's right to have parents capable of providing for all their necessities as they grow up and also to ensure that parents possess all the essential requisites to be eligible to adopt. For this reason, there are numerous time consuming processes involved in adopting a child and aspiring parents risk losing their way in all the bureaucratic procedures involved in this highly detailed process.
The Dionisio law firm boasts many years of experience in the field of national and international adoption offering expert consulting services to all aspiring parents that have decided to adopt a child. We provide our clients with top level legal assistance during every step of the process starting from the submission of the adoption application, the declaration of suitability and the fostering stage prior to adoption right up to the conclusion of the entire process with the official adoption registration at the Civil State Registry by the Juvenile Court to ratify the adoption. Of critical importance in this area is the possibility that the Juvenile Court may not deem an international adoption to be suitable. In such case an appeal would need to be lodged at the Court of Appeals within a period of 10 days. In this delicate stage our firm with its professionalism and experience will humanely assist and accompany you.
In addition to the adoption of minors, our law firm also handles the adoption of mature age persons and adoptions in special cases described in Articles 44 and subsequent of Law 184/1983 (when the person adopting has at least a 6th degree relation to the minor, or when they are the live-in spouse of the parent of the minor and other cases).
succession in favour of minors, legal protection and guardianship.


text:
Q: torchaudio: Error opening '_sample_data\\steam.mp3': File contains data in an unknown format I'm new to torch audio and i'm following the this tutorial step by step. I'm having a problem loading an mp3 audio using torchaudio.info(path).
Here is my code:
metadata = torchaudio.info(SAMPLE_MP3_PATH)
print(metadata)

Here is the error that i'm getting:
..

RuntimeError: Error opening '_sample_data\\steam.mp3': File contains data in an unknown format.

*

*torch: v1.9.1+cpu

*torchaudio: v0.9.1

A: torchaudio.info will call its backend to show the information.
If you use it in windows, and the backend is Soundfile, then this problem will occur. Because Soundfile does not support mp3 format.
You can use the below code to see the available formats.
import soundfile as sf
sf.available_formats()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For this blog post I'm going to take a brief departure from my FTP client series and share some code that I put together recently to help address a situation that presented itself a short time ago.
I keep a web site for my extended family that uses the Snitz Forums for private discussions between family members. Recently one of my relatives scanned several historical photographs of family members from the early 1900s, and I thought that uploading those to the family web site would be a great way to share them with everyone. Of course, I don't want to share those photos with the entire Internet, so I needed to come up with a way to share them with just my family members.
My site has been using the Snitz forums application since the dark ages, (meaning my pre-ASP.NET days), so I already have a list of family members that have active accounts on my site and I didn't want to roll out some new authentication method that would confuse everyone. I could write a photo gallery application of my own that used the Snitz accounts for authentication, but Bill Staples had already written a really cool sample photo gallery application as an HTTP module for IIS 7.0 that I wanted to use, which suggested to me that forms authentication was my best bet for the application. But how could I consume the existing Snitz accounts?
The answer was simple - create a membership and role provider using the Snitz database. Since the Snitz forums application already handles all of the user registration and account modification features, I didn't need a full membership provider - I just needed a simple provider that would perform user validation and role lookups.
The Snitz forums user accounts don't really have much of a concept of roles, so my provider only works with three roles: Members, Moderators, and Administrators. These roles are mapped to the corresponding user account levels that exist in Snitz. Several other account properties such as creation date/time, last logged in date/time, lockout status, etc., are all accurately represented by this provider. Note: I only check the FORUM_MEMBERS table, not the FORUM_MEMBERS_PENDING table, so any pending accounts will not show up in the list of users.
Type ReadOnlySnitzProvider as the name of the project.
In the solution explorer, right-click the ReadOnlySnitzProvider project, then Properties.
Enter ReadOnlySnitzProviderKey for the key file name.
In this second step you will create the classes for the membership and role providers. The code for these classes is based on the Membership Providers and Role Providers topics on MSDN.
// A read-only membership and role provider for Snitz forums.
Right-click the ReadOnlySnitzProvider assembly and click Properties.
In this fourth step you will configure your Web site to use forms authentication with the membership and role providers by manually creating a Web.config file for your Web site that sets the requisite properties for forms authentication/authorization, and adding a Login.aspx page to the Web site that will process forms authentication requests. Note: This example will authorize all Snitz accounts through the "Members" role.
type="ReadOnlySnitzProvider.SnitzMembershipProvider, ReadOnlySnitzProvider, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=f0e1d2c3b4a59687"
type="ReadOnlySnitzProvider.SnitzRoleProvider, ReadOnlySnitzProvider, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=f0e1d2c3b4a59687"
Note: Make sure that the PublicKeyToken value contains the correct public key token from the assembly properties that you copied in previous steps, and the connectionString value contains the correct information for your Snitz database.
You should recall from earlier that you can use any of the three roles from the provider: Members, Moderators, and Administrators.
So there you have it - a simple read-only membership and role provider for the Snitz forums. As previously mentioned - this is not a full-featured provider because I only needed it to fulfill a specific need for forms authentication. I had added more features at one point, and that's why the utility class used to be a little larger, but in the end I decided that it was overkill for my purpose and I deleted some of the original code. If you want to be a little adventurous, you could easily expand this provider to perform some of the additional provider tasks like adding and removing users or assigning users to roles.
I hope this provider helps someone out there, and I had a lot of fun writing it - which is the point of writing code, isn't it?


text:
Those tickets were issued through an online lottery system earlier this month, and more than 800 students applied for one within the first two minutes. By the application deadline, 5,062 had applied, Galbraith said.
More: Clemson student tickets to Sugar Bowl, National Championship in high demand
Some of those students — 134, to be exact — never claimed their tickets or said they were unable to attend the game, allowing those seats to be re-issued Galbraith said.
Tickets must be purchased through an online link in the email for $75, and the cost will be reimbursed after students actually attend the game.
The window to claim those tickets — which will be available to pick up in person before the game at the Mercedez-Benz Superdome in New Orleans — closes on Friday at 11:59 p.m.
Follow Georgie Silvarole on Twitter @gsilvarole, or send her an email at georgie.silvarole@independentmail.com.