text:
Publications by Research Streams
(Books, Journals, and Proceedings)
Dr. Ping Zhang
School of Information Studies
Last modified: 2014.04.26
Human-Centered ICT Development Methodology & Design Science
Affect, Flow, Aesthetics, Attitude, Behavior
Motivation in ICT Design, Use, and Evaluation
Animation, Online Advertising & Web Nuisances
Intellectual Development of Information Related Fields
Curricula, Pedagogy & Education
Business Information Visualization
1. Curty, Renata and Ping Zhang (Forthcoming 2013), Website Features that Gave Rise to Social Commerce: A Historical Analysis, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications (ECRA), Vol. 12. (Pre-pub PDF)
2. Zhang, Ping, Lina Zhou and Hans-Dieter Zimmerman (Forthcoming 2013), Advances in Social Commerce Research, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications (ECRA), Vol. 12
3. Zhou, Lina, Ping Zhang, and Hans-Dieter Zimmerman (2013), Social Commerce Research: An Integrated View, Electronic Commerce Research and Applications (ECRA), Vol. 12, Issue 2, 61-68. (Pre-pub PDF)
4. Wang Chingning & Ping Zhang (2012), The Evolution of Social Commerce: An Examination from the People, Business, Technology, and Information Perspective, Communications of the AIS (CAIS). Vol. 31, Article 5, 105-127 (PDF)
5. Curty, Renata, & Ping Zhang (2011), Social Commerce: Looking Back and Forward, Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST) Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA, October 2011 (PDF)
Human-Centered ICT Development Methodology
1. Liu, Fang, Meiyun Zuo & Ping Zhang (2011), Human-Machine Function Allocation in Information Systems: A Comprehensive Approach, Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), Brisbane, Australia, July 2011 (PDF)
2. Te'eni, Dov, Jane Carey, & Ping Zhang, Human-Computer Interaction: Developing Effective Organizational Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007
3. Zhang, Ping, Jane Carey, Dov Te'eni, and Marilyn Tremaine (2005), Incorporating HCI Development into SDLC: A Methodology, Communications of the AIS (CAIS), Vol. 15, Article 29, April, pp. 512-543 (PDF)
4. Ping Zhang, Jane Carey, Dov Te'eni, & Marilyn Tremaine (2004), Integrating Human-Computer Interaction Development into SDLC: A Methodology, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS04), NYC, August 2004. (PDF)
5. Zhang, Ping (1989), The Design and Implementation of MISDBGS -- An MIS-oriented Database Generating System, Proceedings of Beijing International Symposium for Young Computer Professionals, Beijing, China, August
6. Yang, Fu-Qing, She-Wei Tang, and Ping Zhang (1989), First Research on Problems in Generating MIS, Computer Technology (Chinese), January 1989
7. Yang, Fu-Qing, She-Wei Tang, and Ping Zhang (1988), The Problems in Generating MISs, Proceedings, Conference on Computers Used in Business Management (Chinese)
8. Tang, Shi-Wei, Yu Fang, Ping Zhang, et al. (1987), A Large Synthesized Management Information System, Software Industry (Chinese), January, 1987
9. Tang, Shi-Wei, Yu Fang, and Ping Zhang (1985), Software Design and Database Design, Proceedings, The First Annual Meeting of Beijing Electronic Learned Society (Chinese), Beijing, China, October
Design, Design Science & Design Theory
1. Song, Peijian, Cheng Zhang, & Ping Zhang (2013), Online Information Product Design: The Influence of Product Integration on Brand Extension, Decision Support Systems (DSS), Vol. 54, 826-837
2. Hevner, Alan and Ping Zhang (2011), Design Research and Human-Computer Interaction, AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol.3, Issue 2.
3. 张苹 & 赵宇翔 (2010), 动因支撑理论(MAT)对于用户体验设计(UED)研究的理论指导和行动借鉴, 淘宝碳酸志, 2010 (in Chinese, PDF)
4. Zhang, Ping (2008), Motivational affordances: Fundamental reasons for ICT design and use, Communications of the ACM (CACM), 51(11). (PDF)
5. Zhang, Ping (2008). Toward a Positive Design Theory: Principles for Designing Motivating Information and Communication Technology, in M. Avital, R. Bolland, and D. Cooperrider (eds.), Designing Information and Organizations with a Positive Lens, a volume of the Advances in Appreciative Inquiry series, Elsevier. (PDF)
6. Zhang, Ping (2007), Designing motivating ICT, Proceedings of CSWIM , July 2007, Shanghai, China
Affect, Flow, Aesthetics, Attitude, Behavior in ICT
1. Zhang, Ping (2013), The Affective Response Model: A Theoretical Framework of Affective Concepts and Their Relationships in the ICT Context, Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ), Vol. 37, Issue 1, 247-274 (PDF)
2. Li, Na (Lina) & Ping Zhang (2009), Toward E-Commerce Website Evaluation and Use: Qualitative and Quantitative Understandings, Proceedings of the pre-ICIS Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December 2009, Phoenix, Arizona
3. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2008), Affective factors and their mediating effects in user technology acceptance, Journal of American Society for information Science and Technology (JASIST). (PDF)
4. Zhang, Ping & Na Li (2007), Positive Affect and Negative Affect in IT Adoption: A Longitudinal Study, Proceedings of pre-ICIS HCI workshop, Montreal, Canada, December 2007. Best paper award. (PDF)
5. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2006), Causal relationships between perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use: An alternative approach, Journal of Association for Information Systems (JAIS), Vol. 7, No. 9, 618-645, September (PDF).
6. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2006), The Role of Affect in IS Research: A Critical Survey and a Research Model, in HCI and MIS (I): Foundations, Zhang, P. and Galletta, D. (eds), Series of Advances in Management Information Systems, M.E. Sharpe publisher. (PDF)
7. Zhang, Ping, Na Li and Heshan Sun (2006), Affective Quality and Cognitive Absorption: Extending Technology Acceptance Research, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), January 2006. (PDF)
8. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2005), An Empirical Study on Causal Relationships between Perceived Enjoyment and Perceived Ease of Uses, Proceedings of the Pre-ICIS 05 Annual Workshop on HCI in MIS (HCI/MIS'05), Las Vegas, NV., December
9. Li, Na and Ping Zhang (2005), A Research agenda toward assessing perceived affective quality of IT, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'05), Omaha, NE, August.
10. Zhang, Ping and Na Li (2005), The Importance of Affective Quality, Communications of the ACM (CACM), Vol. 48, No. 9, September, pp. 105-108. (PDF)
11. Ping Zhang and Na Li (2004), Love at First Sight or Sustained Effect? The Role of Perceived Affective Quality on Users' Cognitive Reactions to IT, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Washington, D.C. (PDF)
12. Heshan Sun and Ping Zhang (2004), An Empirical Study on the Roles of Affective Variables in User Adoption of Search Engines, Proceedings of the Pre-ICIS 04 Annual Workshop on HCI in MIS (HCI/MIS'04), Washington, D.C., December. Best paper award (PDF)
Flow in Computer Mediated Environments
1. Finneran, Christina & Ping Zhang (2005), Flow in Computer-Mediated Environments: Promises and Challenges, Communications of the AIS (CAIS), vol. 15, article 4, pp. 82-101 (PDF)
2. Finneran, Christina & Ping Zhang (2003), A Person-Artifact-Task Model of Flow Antecedents within Computer-Mediated Environments, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (IJHCS), 59, 4, 475-496. (PDF)
3. Finneran, Christina & Ping Zhang (2002), The Challenges of Studying Flow within a Computer-mediated Environment, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'2002), Dallas, August 9-11, 2002 (PDF)
1. Ku, Min-Chun & Ping Zhang (2009), Conceptualizing Aesthetic Experiences of Embodied Interaction with ICTs, Poster, The pre-ICIS Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December 2009, Phoenix, Arizona
2. Zhang, Ping (2009), Affect and Aesthetics in ICT Design and Use, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Resource Management (Conf-IRM), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, May 2009. (PDF)
Attitudes and Behaviors
1. Tang, J., Ping Zhang, and Phillip Wu (Forthcoming), Categorizing Consumer Behavioral Responses and Artifact Design Features: The Case of Online Advertising," Information Systems Frontiers
2. Kim, Youngseek & Ping Zhang (2010), Continued Use of Technology: Combining Controlled and Automatic Processes, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), St. Louis, December 2010 (PDF)
3. Jian Tang & Ping Zhang (2010), Media Selection Preferences of US College Students: Empirical Evidence and A Proposed Research Model, Proceedings of China Summer Workshop on Information Management (CSWIM), June 2010, Wuhan, China
4. Kim, Youngseek & Ping Zhang (2009), Individual Users' Adoption of Smart Phone Services, Poster, The pre-ICIS Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December 2009, Phoenix, Arizona
5. Zhang, Ping & Heshan Sun (2009), The complexity of different types of attitude in initial and continued ICT use, Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST). (PDF)
6. Sun, Heshan & Ping Zhang (2008), Adaptive system use: An investigation at the system feature level, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), December 2008, Paris, France (PDF)
7. Sun, Heshan & Ping Zhang (2008), Online seller trust and use of online auction marketplaces, Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), July 2008, SuZhou, China. Nominated for the best paper award.
8. Zhang, Ping, Shelley Aikman, and Heshan Sun (2008), Two types of attitudes in ICT acceptance and use, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 24 (7), 1-21. (PDF)
9. Zhang, Ping (2007), Roles of attitudes in initial and continued ICT use: a longitudinal study, Proceedings of AMCIS, Keystone, CO, 2007.
10. Zhang, Ping and Shelley Aikman (2007), Attitudes in ICT Acceptance and Use, Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, July 2007, Beijing
11. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2007), Applying Markus and Robey's Causal Structure to Examine User Technology Acceptance Research: A New Perspective, Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA) (PDF)
12. Sun, Heshan, Ping Zhang and Snow Xiao (2007), A research model of relationship quality in E-Commerce: Connecting IS factors with marketing profitability, Proceedings of AMCIS, Keystone, CO, 2007
13. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2006), Adaptive IT use: Conceptualization and measurement, Proceedings of the 5th pre-ICIS Annual Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December 2006
14. Li, Na and Ping Zhang (2006), Consumer Online Shopping Behavior, in Customer Relationship Management, Fjermestad, J. and Romano, N. (eds), Series of Advances in Management Information Systems, M.E. Sharpe publisher. (PDF)
15. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2006), The Role of Moderating Factors in User Technology Acceptance, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (IJHCS), Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 53-78 (PDF).
16. Sun, Heshan and Ping Zhang (2005), A research agenda toward a better conceptualization of IT use, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'05), Omaha, NE, August.
17. Heshan Sun & Ping Zhang (2004), A Methodological Analysis of User Acceptance of Technology, Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-37), January 2004. (PDF)
18. Nora Misiolek, Norhayati Zakaria, and Ping Zhang (2002), Trust in organizational acceptance of information technology: a conceptual model & preliminary evidence, Proceedings of the Decision Sciences Institute 33rd Annual Meeting, November, 2002 (PDF)
19. Li, Na & Ping Zhang (2002), Consumer online shopping attitudes and behavior: an assessment of research, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'2002), Dallas, August 9-11, 2002 (PDF)
20. Zhang, Ping (1999), Effective Decision Making with Effective Human Information Interaction: A Cognitive Perspective, Proceedings of the 4th Asia-Pacific Decision Science Institute Conference, Shanghai, China, June 1999
Motivation in ICT Design, Use and Evaluation
1. Ke, Weiling & Ping Zhang (Forthcoming), The Effects of Psychological Empowerment on Performance in Open Source Software Projects: An Exploratory Study, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. (PDF)
2. Ke, Weiling & Ping Zhang (2010), Extrinsic Motivations in Open Source Software Development Efforts and The Moderating Effects of Satisfaction of Needs, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 11(12), 784-808 (PDF)
3. Scialdone, Michael & Ping Zhang (2010), Deconstructing Motivations of ICT Adoption and Use: A Theoretical Model and its Applications to Social ICT, iConference, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, February 3-6, 2010
4. Ke, Weiling & Ping Zhang (2009), Motivations in OSS communities: The mediating role of effort intensity and goal commitment, International Journal of Electronic Commerce (IJEC) (PDF)
5. Ke, Weiling & Ping Zhang, Participating in Open Source Software Projects: The Role of Empowerment, Proceedings of the pre-ICIS Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December 2008, Paris, France
6. Ke, Weiling & Ping Zhang (2008), Motivations for participating in open source software communities: Roles of psychological needs and altruism, Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), July 2008, SuZhou, China (PDF)
7. Ke, Weiling & Ping Zhang (2007), Motivation, Social Identity and Ideology Conviction in OSS Communities: The Mediating Role of Effort Intensity and Goal Commitment, Proceedings of PACIS 07. Nominated for the best paper award.
8. Parker, Katie and Ping Zhang (2006), Examining Applications of Motivational Theories to the IT Field, Annual Conference of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T), Poster, November 3-8, 2006, Austin, TX
9. Stanton, Jeffrey, Ping Zhang, and Gisela von Dran (2002), JEM: A Motivational Model of Evaluation of Information Seeking Environment, The First Annual Workshop on HCI in MIS (HCI/MIS'02), Barcelona, Spain, December 14
10. von Dran, Gisela and Ping Zhang (2002), A theoretical model of quality websites: a multi-disciplinary conceptualization, Proceedings of the Decision Sciences Institute 33rd Annual Meeting, November, 2002
11. Zhang, Ping and Gisela von Dran, (2001-2002), User Expectations and Rankings of Quality Factors in Different Web Site Domains, International Journal of Electronic Commerce (IJEC), vol. 6, no. 2, Winter, 2001-2002, pp. 9-33
12. Zhang, Ping, Gisela von Dran, Paul Blake, and Veerapong Pipithsuksunt (2001), Important Design Features in Different Web Site Domains: An Empirical Study of User Perceptions, e-Service Journal, Volume 1, Number 1, 77-91
13. Zhang, Ping and Gisela von Dran (2001), Expectations and Rankings of Website Quality Features: Results of Two Studies on User Perceptions, Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS 34), Hawaii, January, 2001
14. Zhang, Ping and Gisela von Dran (2000), Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers: a Two-Factor Model for Website Design and Evaluation, Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS), Vol. 51, Issue 14, November, 1253-1268
15. von Dran, Gisela and Ping Zhang (2000), A Proto-Theory of Website Design Quality: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Proceedings of the Decision Sciences Institute 31st Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL, November 18-21, 2000
16. von Dran, Gisela and Ping Zhang (2000), A Model for Assessing the Quality of Websites, Proceedings of Annual Conference, American Association for Information Science (ASIS 2000), Chicago, November 13-16, 2000
17. Zhang, Ping, Gisela von Dran, Paul Blake, and Veerapong Pipithsuksunt (2000), A Comparison of the Most Important Website Features in Different Domains: An Empirical Study of User Perceptions, Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'2000), August
18. Zhang, Ping, Gisela von Dran, Ruth Small, Silvia Barcellos (2000), A Two-Factor Theory for Website Design, Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS 33), Hawaii, January, 2000
19. von Dran, Gisela, Ping Zhang, and Ruth Small (1999), Quality Websites: an application of the Kano model to website design, Proceedings of the 5th Americas Conference in Information Systems (AMCIS'99), August 13-15 1999
20. Zhang, Ping, Gisela von Dran, Ruth Small, Silvia Barcellos (1999), Web Sites that Satisfy Users: A Theoretic Framework for Web User Interface Design and Evaluation, Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems Science (HICSS 32), Hawaii, January 5-8, 1999
21. Wyman, Steve & Ping Zhang (1996), Beyond Intelligent Systems: Listening to the Ghosts in the Machines, Philosophical Foundations Mini Track, Proceedings of The Second Americas Conference on Information Systems (AIS'96), August 16-18, Phoenix, AZ
Animation, Advertising & Nuisance Coping
Impact of Animation on Human Visual Perception, Attention, and Information Processing
1. Zhang, Ping (2006), Pop-up Animations: Impacts and Implications for Website Design and Online Advertising, in HCI and MIS: Applications, Galletta, D. and Zhang, P. (eds), Volume 5, Series of Advances in Management Information Systems, M.E. Sharpe publisher. (PDF)
2. Ping Zhang and Nelson Massad (2003), The Impact of Animation on Visual Search Tasks in a Web Environment: A Multi-Year Study, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information System (AMCIS'03), Tampa, FL, August 2003. (PDF)
3. Zhang, Ping (2001), The Impact of Animation Timing and Location on Visual Search Task Performance in the Web Environment, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'2001), Boston, August 3-5, 2001. Best paper award
4. Zhang, Ping, (2000), The Effects of Animation on Information Seeking Performance on the World Wide Web: Securing Attention or Interfering with Primary Tasks? Journal of Association for Information Systems (JAIS), Volume 1 Article 1, March 2000
5. Zhang, Ping (1999), Will You Use Animation on Your Web Pages? Experiments of Animation's Effects and Implications for Web User Interface Design and Online Advertising. Chapter 4 in Doing Business on the Internet: Opportunities and Pitfalls, C. Romm and F. Sudweeks (eds.), Springer-Verlag in conjunction with the British Computer Society
6. Zhang, Ping, & Gilbert Maker (1998), Effects of Allocated Attention on Visual Search Tasks: A Web-Based Experiment on Animation Interference, Multimedia Information Systems in Practice, ed. Wing S. Chow, Springer, Hong Kong
7. Zhang, Ping, & Gilbert Maker (1998), Effects of Allocated Attention on Visual Search Tasks: A Web-Based Experiment on Animation Interference, The International Conference on Multimedia & Telecommunications Management, Hong Kong, December 17-19
8. Zhang, Ping, & Nelson Massad (1997), The Impact of Animation on Individual Performance: A Web-Based Experiment, Proceedings of the 3rd Americas Conference in Information Systems (AIS'97), August 14-17 1997
Perceptions and Attitude toward Online Advertising
1. Tang, Jian & Ping Zhang (2013), Forced or Inspired: Understanding Consumers' Cognitive Appraisals and Behavioral Responses towards Online Advertising, Proceedings of the pre-ICIS 2013 Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December, Italy
2. Tang, Jian, Ping Zhang & Philip Wu (2013), Passive or Active: Understanding Consumers' Behavioral Responses to Online Advertising, Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), June, Jeju, South Korea
3. Jian Tang, Yuxiang Zhao & Ping Zhang (2012), Moderating Effects of Perceived Affordances on Users' Adaptive Media Use, Poster, The I-Conference, February, 2012, Toronto, Canada
4. Jian Tang, Yuxiang Zhao & Ping Zhang (2011), Perceived Affordances of Web Advertisements: Implications for Information Artifacts Design, Proceedings of the Fifth China Summer Workshop on Information Management (CSWIM), Harbin, China, June 2011 (PDF)
5. Zhang, Ping (2011), What Consumers Think, Feel, and Do Toward Digital Ads: A Multi-Phase Study, European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Helsinki, Finland, June 2011 (PDF)
6. Kim, Youngseek, Ping Zhang and L. David Lankes (2009), Future of Information Seeking on the Internet and Web Advertising: How Can We Guide Web Advertising for Users' Information Seeking on a Website?, iConference, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, February 8-11 2009
7. Zhang, Ping & Youngseek Kim (2008), Web advertising: What do we know about its acceptance and impacts? A meta-analysis of the literature, Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), July 2008, SuZhou, China
8. Zhang, Ping & Youngseek Kim (2008), What makes web advertisements effective? Proceedings of China Summer Workshop on Information Management (CSWIM), June 2008, ChengDu, China
9. Zhang, Ping & Chingning Wang (2005), An Empirical Evaluation on Consumer Perceived Advertising Value and Attitude, Proceedings of The 6th Global Information Technology and Management (GITM) World Conference, Anchorage, Alaska, June 5-7, 2005. (PDF)
10. Wang, Chingning, Ping Zhang, Risook Choi, Michael D'Eredita (2002), Understanding Consumers Attitude Towards Advertising, Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS'2002), Dallas, August 9-11, 2002 (PDF)
Web Nuisances and Coping
1. Nathan Prestopnik & Ping Zhang (2010), Coping with Nuisance on the Web, Proceedings of the Sixteenth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Lima, Peru, August 12-15, 2010. Nominated for the best paper award. (PDF)
The Information Systems Field
1. Ku, Min-Chun, Michael Scialdone & Ping Zhang (2012), Absent Information Technology in Legitimate Information Systems Research, Poster, The I-Conference, February, 2012, Toronto, Canada
2. Zhang, Ping, Michael Scialdone, & Min-Chin Ku (2011), IT Artifacts and The State of IS Research, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), Shanghai, China, December 2011 (PDF)
3. Zhang, Ping & Michael Scialdone (2010), State of IT Artifacts: An Analysis of ICIS 2009 Research Papers, Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), July 2010, Taipei, Taiwan (PDF)
The Information Field
1. Zhang, P., J. Liew, & K. Hassman. (Forthcoming). The Intellectual Characteristics of the Information Field: Evidence from Heritages and Substances. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. (Pre-pub PDF)
2. Zhang, Ping and Robert Benjamin (2007), Understanding Information Related Fields: A Conceptual Framework, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) (PDF)
3. Liu, Xiaozhong, Robert Benjamin, Ping Zhang (2007), Re-Examining IT Enabled Change with a New Model of the Information Field: The Tiger Creek Case, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), January 2007. (PDF)
4. Zhang, Ping (2005), Essentials of the field of information, Position paper and Presentation at the First Conference of the I-School Community, Pennsylvania State University, September, 2005
Bridging Human-Computer Interaction and Information Systems
1. Scialdone, Michael & Ping Zhang (2013), Applying Extended Adaptive Structuration Theory to Qualitative Research on Human-Computer Interaction, Poster, The pre-ICIS Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, December 2013, Milan, Italy
2. Prestopnik, Nathan & Ping Zhang (Forthcoming), Human-Computer Interaction: Interactivity, Immersion and Invisibility as the New Extensions, in D. Straub and R. Welke (eds.), Encyclopedia on Management Information Systems
3. Zhang, Ping, Na (Lina) Li, Michael Scialdone, & Jane Carey (2009), The Intellectual Advancement of Human-Computer Interaction Research: A Critical Assessment of the MIS Literature (1990-2008), AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(3), 55-107 (PDF)
4. Zhang, Ping, Dennis Galletta, Na (Lina) Li, and Heshan Sun (in press), Human-Computer Interaction, in Wayne Huang (ed.), Management Information Systems, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China. (English manuscript version PDF; Chinese published version PDF)
5. Zhang, Ping & Roberto Polillo (2008), The Importance of the Management Perspective in the Human-Computer Interaction Field, Proceedings of CHI Extended Abstracts, ACM, Florence, Italy, April 5-10. (PDF)
6. Zhang, Ping & Dennis Galletta (eds.), Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems - Foundations, Series of Advances in Management Information Systems (AMIS), Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2006
7. Galletta, Dennis and Ping Zhang (eds.), Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems - Applications, Series of Advances in Management Information Systems (AMIS), Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. This is one of the first two research collections on HCI research in MIS
8. Zhang, Ping and Dennis Galletta (2006), Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction in Management Information Systems, in HCI and MIS: Foundations, Zhang, P. and Galletta, D. (eds), Series of Advances in Management Information Systems, M.E. Sharpe publisher. (PDF)
9. Galletta, Dennis and Ping Zhang (2006), Applications of Human-Computer Interaction in Management Information Systems, in HCI and MIS: Applications, Galletta, D. and Zhang, P. (eds), Series of Advances in Management Information Systems, M.E. Sharpe publisher. (PDF)
10. Nah, Fiona Fui-Hoon, Ping Zhang, Scott McCoy, and Mun Yi (2006), Human-computer interaction research in the management information systems discipline, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (IJHCS), Vol. 64, Issue 9, 787-788 (PDF)
11. Zhang, Ping & Na Li (2005), The Intellectual Development of HCI Research in MIS: A Survey of the MIS Literature (1990-2002), Journal of Association for Information Systems (JAIS), Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 227-292. (PDF)
12. Zhang, Ping and U. Yeliz Eseryel (2005), Task in HCI Research in the MIS Literature: A Critical Survey, Proceedings of the Human-Computer Interaction International conference (HCII), Las Vegas, NV, July 22-27, 2005. (PDF)
13. Zhang, Ping, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, and Izak Benbasat (2005), Editorial Introduction: HCI Research in MIS, Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS). Vol. 22, No. 3. (PDF)
14. Nah, Fiona Fui-Hoon, Ping Zhang, and Scott McCoy (2005), Editorial Introduction: HCI in MIS, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (IJHCI), Vol. 19, No. 1, September, 2005. (PDF)
15. Ping Zhang, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, and Jenny Preece (2004), HCI Studies in MIS, Behaviour and Information Technology (BIT), 23, 3, 147-151. (PDF)
16. Ping Zhang & Na Li (2004), An Assessment of HCI Research in MIS: Topics and Methods, Computers in Human Behavior (CHB), 20, 2, 125-147. (PDF)
17. Zhang, Ping, Fiona Nah, Jonathan Lazar, & Scott McCoy (eds.), Proceedings of the Second Pre-ICIS Annual Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, Seattle, WA, December 2003
18. Zhang, Ping and Andrew Dillon (2003), HCI and MIS: Shared Concerns, editorial introduction, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies (IJHCS), 59, 4, 397-402. (PDF)
19. Zhang, Ping & Li, Na (2003), An Assessment of Research in MIS Oriented HCI Studies, American Psychological Association, Symposium of Divisions 21 and 14: The Many Faces of HCI Researchers in IS, Toronto, Canada, August
20. Zhang, Ping, Izak Benbasat, Jane Carey, Fred Davis, Dennis Galletta, and Diane Strong (2002), Human-Computer Interaction Research in the MIS Discipline, Communications of the AIS (CAIS) (PDF)
21. Zhang, Ping, Jane Carey, Fred Davis, Dennis Galletta, Diane Strong, The role of HCI research in the MIS discipline, Proceedings of AMCIS, 2002 (panel)
1. Zhang, Ping & Swati Bhattacharyya (2008), Students' views of a learning management system: A longitudinal qualitative study, Communications of the Association for Information Systems (CAIS), 23 (20), 351-375 (PDF)
2. Zhang, Ping, Swati Bhattacharyya, and Cheng-Lin Chiang, Student Evaluations of WebCT: A Multi-Phase Qualitative Study, Proceedings of pre-ICIS SIGED and International Academy of Information Management (IAIM) workshop, Montreal, Canada. December 2007
3. Zhang, Ping (2006), Producing Human-Centered, Usability-Sensitive, and HCI-Competent Managers, CIOs, and CEOs, Proceedings of CHI Extended Abstracts, ACM, Montreal, Canada, April 24-27 (PDF)
4. Carey, Jane, Dennis Galletta, Jinwoo Kim, Dov Te'eni, Barbara Wildemuth, and Ping Zhang (2004), The Role of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in the Management Information Systems Curricula: A Call to Action, Communications of the Association for Information Systems (CAIS), Vol. 13, Article 23, April, 357-379 (PDF)
5. Carey, Jane, Dennis Galletta, Jinwoo Kim, Barbara Wildemuth, Dov Te'eni, Ping Zhang (2003), The role of Human-Computer Interaction in Information Systems curriculum, Proceedings of AMCIS, 2003 (panel)
6. Zhang, Ping (1998), A Case Study on Technology Use in Distance Learning, Journal of Research on Technology in Education (formerly Journal of Research on Computing in Education), 30 (4), Summer, 398-419 (PDF)
7. Zhang, Ping (1998), Distance Teaching a Graduate Course on Information Systems Analysis and Design, Journal of Informatics Research & Education (formerly Journal of Education for MIS), 5(1), 98-109 (PDF)
8. Zhang, Ping (1997), Distance Teaching a Graduate Course on Information Systems Analysis and Design, C. Rogers (ed.), Proceedings of the 12th annual conference of the International Academy for Information Management (IAIM'97), Atlanta, Georgia, December 12-14, 1997. Best paper award
1. Zhang, Ping (2001), Business Information Visualization: Guidelines for Research and Practice, Encyclopedia of Microcomputers, Volume 27, Supplement 6, 61-77
2. Zhang, Ping (2000), Business Information Visualization: Guidelines for Research and Practice, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Volume 69, Supplement 32, 1-17
3. Zhang, Ping (1998), An Image Construction Method for Visualizing Managerial Data, Decision Support Systems (DSS), 23, 371-387
4. Zhang, Ping, and James Pick (1998), Generating Large Data Sets for Simulation of Electronics Manufacturing, Simulation, 70 (4), April, 231-249
5. Zhang, Ping, & Dan Zhu (1997), Information Visualization in Project Management and Scheduling, Proceedings of The 4th Conference of the International Society for Decision Support Systems (ISDSS'97), Ecole des HEC, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, July 21-22
6. Zhang, Ping (1996), Visualizing Production Planning Data. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications (IEEE CG&A), 16(5), September, 7-10
7. Zhang, Ping (1996), Image Construction Rules for Visualizing the Non-Visual Managerial Data, Proceedings of Workshop on Information Technology and Systems (WITS'96), December 1996, Cleveland, OH
8. Zhang, Ping (1996), "VIZ_planner: A User-Centered Information Visualization System for Middle and High Level Production Planning Support," Software & Technology Demonstration Track, The Second Americas Conference on Information Systems, August 16-18, 1996, Phoenix, AZ
9. Zhang, Ping (1996), The Impact of Business Information Visualization on Human Problem-Solving Performance, Information Visualization Mini Track, Proceedings of The Second Americas Conference on Information Systems (AIS'96), August 16-18, Phoenix, AZ
10. Zhang, Ping (1996), How Information Visualization Affects Human Problem-Solving Performance in a Complex Business Domain: A Comparative Study, Proceedings of Asia-Pacific DSI Conference, June 21-22
11. Zhang, Ping, Peng Si Ow, and Andrew B. Whinston (1996), Design and Evaluation of a Business Information Visualization System for Manufacturing Production Planning Support, Proceedings of INFORMS First Conference on Information Systems and Technology, May
12. Zhang, Ping (1995), Visualization for Decision-Making Support, Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, 1995
13. Zhang, Ping (1995), Visualization of Dynamic, Multidimensional, Large-Volume Business Information: Some Techniques and System Evaluation, Proceedings of ACM Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation, December, Baltimore, MD
14. Zhang, Ping and Andrew B. Whinston (1995), Business Information Visualization for Decision-Making Support -- A Research Strategy, Proceedings of the First Americas Conference on Information Systems, August 25-27, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15. Zhang, Ping, Peng Si Ow, and Andrew B. Whinston (1993), Using Visualization to Support Problem-Solving in Production Planning Domain, IEEE Visualization '93 Workshop on Intelligent Visualization Systems, October
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Pizza delivery driver shot during attempted robbery dies
By Sun-Times staff Dec 17, 2014, 5:02pm CST
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A pizza delivery driver died Tuesday after he was shot in the head during an attempted robbery on the Northwest Side early Monday.
Abylbek Yzabekov, 31, was delivering a pizza in the 5400 block of North East River Road about 12:20 a.m. while a friend waited in his car, according to police and the Cook County medical examiner's office.
Two males, one armed with a handgun, walked up to the car and announced a robbery as the delivery man was returning, police said. The armed male fired shots, striking him in the head.
Yzabekov, who lived in the block where the shooting happened, was taken to Advocate Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, where he died at 4:22 p.m. Tuesday, according to the medical examiner's office.
His friend was not injured.
The suspects ran off after the shooting without any money, police said.
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The Fronius IG 4500 LV Inverter is part of the Fronius IG family of inverters and represents an evolution of the proven Fronius IG product family. With a reliable maximum efficiency of 94.4%, this inverter is a great value.
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text:
TRI Pointe Group Marks Earth Day with the Launch of its New HomeSmart™ Offering
As the Internet of Things expands, TRI Pointe Group broadens its LivingSmart® program with new solutions for the connected home
April 18, 2017 12:58 ET | Source: TRI Pointe Group Inc.
Arista by Pardee Homes
TRI Pointe Group is always looking ahead to introduce leading-edge technology features at its newest communities across all of its builder brands including at Arista by Pardee Homes.
LivingSmart by TRI Pointe Group
LivingSmart® is TRI Pointe Group's comprehensive program that seamlessly blends the design, development, construction and operation of high-performing homes to provide healthier, more comfortable living environments with lower operating costs.
IRVINE, Calif., April 18, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Adding to its focus on pioneering sustainable features and solutions in the design and construction of its new homes, TRI Pointe Group, Inc. (NYSE:TPH) announced today the launch of HomeSmart™, a suite of state-of-the-art home technology and automation features that harness the power of internet-connected devices to elevate the homeowner experience and also allow homeowners to conserve energy. The launch of HomeSmart™, timed to coincide with Earth Day, adds a fifth component to LivingSmart®, TRI Pointe Group's comprehensive program that seamlessly blends the design, development, construction and operation of high-performing homes to provide healthier, more comfortable living environments with lower operating costs.
Photos accompanying this announcement are available at:
http://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3527c83e-099b-47a4-9755-aba5bcc0a8c6
http://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3a138cbc-6ced-47eb-a953-2116f3dc3e67
First introduced by Pardee Homes in 2001, the LivingSmart® program is now integrated throughout all six premium builder brands that comprise the TRI Pointe Group. The simple yet effective names of each of the LivingSmart® components convey the importance of these features to customers. For example, HealthSmart® includes features and finishes that contribute to improved indoor air quality through the use of low-emission carpets, countertops, and other building materials. EnergySmart™ refers to features that reduce energy use through advanced construction techniques for the building envelope and the addition of solar, ENERGY STAR® appliances and low-e windows. EarthSmart® includes products or practices that relate to recycling and use fewer resources. Finally, WaterSmart® describes home features that help reduce water consumption with low-flow devices and drought-tolerant landscaping.
"At TRI Pointe Group, we are constantly evolving and aiming higher to meet and exceed customer expectations. One of the steps we are taking in that direction includes our continuous effort to stay ahead of the technology curve by delivering smart home solutions that enrich our customers' lives while contributing to their health and well-being, as well as our planet," explained Tom Mitchell, President and COO of TRI Pointe Group. "The launch of HomeSmart™ highlights the progress each of our homebuilding brands and divisions has been making in the areas of home technology and seamless connectivity."
As the newest addition to the LivingSmart® program, HomeSmart™ is centered around three components: (1) comfort and control, (2) access and security and (3) WiFi connectivity. Comfort and control provides 24/7 energy savings by allowing homeowners to control temperature, lighting and much more via smart phones and tablets at home or remotely. Access and security affords peace of mind and ultimate convenience by letting residents monitor who's coming and going, and granting entry to service providers and guests even when they are away from home. WiFi connectivity means that homes are pre-wired for a central wireless access point that ensures a consistently strong signal and keeps the smart home components working seamlessly while providing enough bandwidth for streaming things like music, movies, and games.
The Internet of Things is everywhere and its penetration into the home of tomorrow is only expected to deepen. A 2015 survey showed 50% of people in the U.S. planned to buy at least one smart home product in the next year1. According to research from Gartner2, the typical family home could contain a whopping 500 smart devices by 2022.
Always looking ahead at what tomorrow's homebuyers will want in a home has led TRI Pointe Group to introduce leading-edge technology features at its newest communities across all of its builder brands. For example, Pardee Homes has incorporated Amazon's wildly popular Echo voice control system, Alexa, into the Arista model homes at its Aliento™ master-planned community in Santa Clarita, California. Pardee Homes also offers other connected features such as the UniFi® AC Pro wireless access point, high-speed Category 6 cabling, Honeywell WiFi thermostat, Schlage® Connect entry locks, Liftmaster® WiFi garage door openers, Ring Pro WiFi camera and doorbell, Lutron Caseta® light switches in selected locations and the Samsung SmartThings™ hub at Arista.
"The response from customers thus far has been very positive as they realize their homes can improve their quality of life in new ways," Mitchell said.
The HomeSmart™ launch will be accompanied by several activities in support of Earth Day. For example, TRI Pointe Homes Northern California is introducing its "Think Outside the Box" program, a community reuse and recycle effort to help homeowners recycle moving boxes. Each homeowner will be given the location of the pick-up and drop-off point of the recycle station in their community to pick up boxes. Once they've used them, they'll break down the boxes and return them to the community recycle station for the next homeowner's use.
And, TRI Pointe Homes Colorado will mark Earth Day by announcing "Paint the Community Green", a paint recycling program in partnership with GreenSheen® Eco-Friendly Paint, a company on track to recycle approximately 2.5 million pounds of material in 2017. TRI Pointe Homes will invite its Colorado customers and the public to an event being held on April 29 at four communities where GreenSheen® will be on-site to accept old latex paint in original, labeled and sealed cans. Learn more at www.tripointehomes.com/updates/paint-recycling/
About TRI Pointe Group
Headquartered in Irvine, California, TRI Pointe Group, Inc. (NYSE:TPH) is a family of premium regional homebuilders that design, build, and sell homes in major U.S. markets. As one of the largest public homebuilding companies in the United States, TRI Pointe Group combines the resources, operational sophistication, and leadership of a national organization with the regional insights, community ties, and agility of local homebuilders. The TRI Pointe Group family includes Maracay Homes® in Arizona, Pardee Homes® in California and Nevada, Quadrant Homes® in Washington, Trendmaker® Homes in Texas, TRI Pointe Homes® in California and Colorado, and Winchester® Homes in the Washington, D.C. area. TRI Pointe Group was recognized as 2014 Developer of the Year by Builder and Developer magazine and 2015 Builder of the Year by Builder magazine, and was one of the 2016 Best Places to Work in Orange County as recognized by the Orange County Business Journal and Best Companies Group. For more information, please visit www.TriPointeGroup.com.
1 https://www.icontrol.com/blog/2015-state-of-the-smart-home-report/
2 http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2839717
Katy Biggerstaff
NewGround PR & Marketing
562.761.6338 /
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Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit to Mongolia on August 21–22 signaled closer trilateral economic cooperation between China, Russia and Mongolia on their shared vision of a new Silk Road economic corridor. However, this positive forward momentum must be placed in the context of what happened in Ulaanbaatar and Dushanbe in the subsequent three weeks. During this same time Mongolia sought to balance its closer ties to Beijing and Moscow by reassuring its major investment partners, Japan and South Korea, that its outreach to China and Russia would not endanger their political and economic cooperation.
Commentary on Xi's trip by the Chinese and Mongolian governments was overwhelmingly positive, with the focus on the Chinese president's vision of elevating bilateral ties to an invigorated strategic partnership. Xinhua cited unnamed officials and experts who called the results of the trip "fruitful" in two ways: First, the visit had "great practical significance to the further development of bilateral relations," and second, it infused new vigor into Northeast Asian regional development as the embodiment of the philosophy of "'amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness' in China's diplomacy with its neighbors" (Xinhua, August 23). Mongolia's state-run Montsame news agency noted Xi's trip was "praised as a historic visit that will lead bilateral relations and cooperation between Mongolia and China to a new level, and expand and define strategic perspectives from both parties" (Montsame, August 22). This public messaging suggests both sides are eager to improve relations during Xi's term.
China and Mongolia signed a series of 26 economic agreements, including a Joint Declaration on Relations, which set a bilateral trade target of $10 billion by 2020 (up from $6.2 billion in 2013). Xi proposed a "three-in-one" cooperation model, integrating mineral resources, infrastructure construction and financial cooperation (China Daily, August 22). China agreed to provide Mongolia $260 million in aid within three years for major economic projects and to grant a soft loan worth $162.7 million. However, these agreements have so many conditions that it is possible that Mongolia will never see much of the money—making them rather empty political gestures. The Bank of Mongolia and Bank of China agreed to increase their currency swap exchange from 10 billion RMB ($1.6 billion) to 15 billion RMB ($2.4 billion), which will help provide foreign currency to Mongolia's domestic market and support repayment in the foreign currency market. Six Chinese seaports, including Tianjin and Dalian, were designated to facilitate Mongolian exports to overseas markets, providing Mongolia easier access to Asian maritime shipping routes. China agreed to border crossing cooperation and to allow Mongolia access to rail capacity within China, while Mongolia opened four new ports (Shiveekhuren, Bichigt, Gashuunsukhait and Nomrog) for rail transport. The two countries established new tariffs and volume limits for Mongolian cargo on Chinese railroads, and China also granted Mongolia a 40-percent discount on current transportation tariffs. A key breakthrough was the agreement that two-thirds of Mongolian goods transported on Chinese rails will be sold in China and one-third will be for third-country export via Chinese seaports. This would answer complaints from third countries that they cannot receive Mongolian exports through the bottleneck of China's Tianjin port and allow the Mongols to increase trade with these partners. Most of these agreements are subject to ratification by the Mongolian parliament.
Mongolian officialdom and media were generally pragmatic, if not positive, in their assessment of Xi's visit. Mongolian President Tsalkhiin Elbegdorj, after his private meeting with Xi, asserted, "We have to strengthen our good neighbors' relations" (Montsame, August 22). Mongolian Deputy Prime Minister Dendev Terbishdagva, who also co-chairs the Mongolia-China intergovernmental commission, said he was impressed by Xi's parliamentary speech (Xinhua, August 23). Ulziibayar Ganzorig, President of the Mongolian Financial Markets Association, told Mongolian Eagle TV that, "the visit has clearly sent a message to the world that Mongolia is not dependent upon a single company called Rio Tinto and the country can continue to work with China in many ways" (M.A.D. Mongolian Newswire, September 3). Presidential adviser Bat-Erdene Batbayar emphasized Xi's pledge to respect Mongolia's chosen development model and expected that Chinese purchases of Mongolian goods would garner the attention of international investors (UBPost, September 2).
Despite the positive messaging by both sides, Xi appeared to cause some controversy during his visit. The Chinese media played up the fact that Xi made a rare stand-alone state visit to Mongolia and was granted the privilege of addressing a special session of the Mongolian parliament, which was called back from its summer recess (Xinhua, August 21; China Daily, August 23). In parliament, he reassured Mongols that, "We will respect Mongolia's independence, sovereignty, immunity and its chosen path according to the China-Mongolia Friendship and Cooperation Treaty…Bilateral strategic partnership relations between the two countries will be maintained whatever changes come in international relations" (Montsame, August 22). However, the Chinese and Mongolian state-run press made no mention of the nearly universal grimaces on the faces of the listening parliamentarians and high-ranking officials or the lack of applause, which were caught by China's CCTV cameras but not Mongol TV coverage. This negative reaction may have been due to Xi's opening recital of a famous Mongolian nationalist poem, "My Native Land," in which he incongruously said, "This is my native land. The lovely country. My Mongolia." After Xi's speech, Mongolian blogs erupted with criticism of this strange gesture, which seemed to overwhelm Xi's attempted outreach to the Mongolian public through the release of an article to the major Mongolian newspapers, timed to coincide with his arrival. In this article, Xi noted that visiting Mongolia was more like visiting one's relatives and "China hopes that both countries can push cooperation on building inter-connecting railways and roads, [as well as] the development of mines and processing" (?n??d?r, Odriin Sonin, August 21).
Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to Mongolia on September 3 suggests China and Russia coordinated the timing of their visits. According to discussions with Mongolian diplomats, the Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MMFA) worked all spring to schedule Xi's and Putin's visits. Putin's timing was locked into the 75th anniversary of the Soviet-Mongolian victory over a Japanese invasion force in late August 1939. While the Mongols in March originally wanted Xi to visit in early August to avoid overlapping with Putin, the MMFA said publicly in June that Xi and Putin had agreed to meet in Mongolia in late August for a "trilateral summit" (see also China Brief, July 11; Author's interviews, Ulaanbaatar, March 12–14). This change in timing was likely discussed in Shanghai during May meetings between Xi and Putin at the Fourth Summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (see China Brief, July 31). However, the Russians retreated from this idea seemingly because Putin decided to package his Mongolia visit into a several-day swing through the Russian Far East.
The five transportation-related Sino-Mongolian agreements signed during Xi's visit suggest his willingness to cooperate with Russia on their separate rail projects (see also China Brief, January 24). Mongolian policymakers believe that while Putin was in China, he agreed to not oppose Chinese proposals for deeper investment and economic ties with Mongolia in exchange for China's support for Russian plans on modernizing and developing rail links with Mongolia (Author's interviews, Ulaanbaatar, August 7–8). When comparing these rail agreements to those signed with Russia ten days later, a pattern of trilateral cooperation is evident. Mongolia has been seeking to become an international transportation hub and diversify its customers for mineral exports. This concept meshes with Xi and Putin's plans for a new Silk Road rail artery across Eurasia. Several of the rail projects covered in the Russo-Mongolian agreements directly impact Sino-Russian rail cooperation. This includes electrification and construction of a second track for the 1,100-kilometer (684-mile) rail from Mongolia's northern border with Russia through the planned Sainshand minerals processing industrial zone in the Gobi to Zamyn Uud on the Chinese border. The cooperation also includes potentially exploring development of a western Mongolian railway line joining Russia and China for Russian exports to China, India and Pakistan, as well as researching the possibility of using the 230-kilometer (143-mile) Choibalsan-Erentsav eastern railway to transit via Bichigt to China (see Eurasian Daily Monitor, September 12).
Mongolia also sought to balance its increased cooperation with China and Russia by reassuring its democratic partners and foreign investors. After Xi's and Putin's trips were announced in July, President Elbegdorj met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Tokyo to sign an economic partnership agreement (EPA) and discuss security and regional issues (Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 22). Afterwards, while Xi was in Ulaanbaatar, a delegation from the Japanese-Mongolian Friendship Group of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party visited the Mongolian parliament. Parliament Speaker Zandaakhu Enkhbold told them that "developing cooperation and friendly relations with Japan is one of the major goals of the foreign policy of Mongolia and it places high priority on developing strategic partnership relations with 'Third neighbor'—Japan" (Mongolian Parliament, August 20). The day Xi arrived, Mongolia announced that South Korean Foreign Minister Yun Byung-se would travel to Ulaanbaatar on August 26–27. During his visit the next week, Yun met with Elbegdorj, Mongolian Prime Minister Norov Altankhuyag and Foreign Minister Lu Bold and explained that South Korea welcomed cooperation with Mongolia in the rail and sea transport sectors and in economic and investment collaboration (see also China Brief, March 30; InfoMongolia, August 26).
China and Russia's deepening relationship, especially regarding Mongolia and greater Eurasia, was reaffirmed at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Dushanbe on September 11–12. Xi stated that China's Silk Road Economic Belt initiative could be coordinated with Russia's transcontinental rail plan and Mongolia's Prairie Road program to build a China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor. He asked the three sides to achieve this goal by strengthening traffic interconnectivity, facilitating cargo clearance and transportation and studying the feasibility of building a transnational power grid (The Mongol Messenger, September 19; Mongolian President's Office, September 11). At the SCO meeting, President Elbegdorj announced there would be a meeting in Ulaanbaatar on implementing the Railway Transit Transportation agreements just signed among the three governments and a working group established to study opportunities to stretch the "Western Corridor of Natural Gas," Elbegdorj's concept for linking Central Asia's natural gas fields to China and South Korea, through Mongolia (Mongolian President's Office, September 11).
Prior to the opening of the SCO, Xi and Putin held trilateral talks with Elbegdorj to discuss his proposal to hold an official trilateral summit every three years in Ulaanbaatar. Elbegdorj trumpeted the historical significance of his discussions with the two others as "unique in terms of content and format of the summit in that it was held for the first time in the history of the three countries, except for a three-partite meeting held almost a century ago at the level of vice foreign ministers" (The Mongol Messenger, September 19). Xi and Putin both indicated interest in this idea but each proposed other possible venues and timing. Putin stated that: "Things discussed at this meeting create the appropriate mechanism to discuss and resolve the largest projects to be implemented by us in the future, and we agreed to promote our cooperation in this regard" (The Mongol Messenger, September 19).
Xi's trip to Mongolia and offer to the Mongols to participate in his "China Dream" initiative was seen in Mongolia as a positive attempt to polish China's image as a peaceful and generous neighbor interested in working to improve economic and political relations with Mongolia and in the entire Northeast Asian region. The Xi summit, followed by the Putin summit and Dushanbe trilateral summit, raised the profile of President Elbegdorj, who has been increasingly criticized for the drop in his nation's growth rate from 12.3 percent in 2012 to 7.4 percent in the first quarter of 2014 a precipitous falloff in foreign investment. The plethora of agreements with both China and Russia to improve Eurasian transportation connections through Mongolia also could benefit "third neighbors," especially Japan and South Korea, and meet Mongolia's goal to diversify its trade partners. Yet, it is not clear that closer Sino-Russian-Mongolian economic and political ties will reassure Mongolia's restless foreign investor community.


The Modi government is afloat with many initiatives and missions to make the people's life simpler. Digital India is one such initiative. The government has instructed the department of Telecom to provide wi-fi access to public in cities with more than 1 million population.
That means that irrespective of 3G or 4G, you can still stay connected online without any hassles. The proposition is not vocal about the chargeability for providing wi-fi access, however many believe that it's certainly not going to be a free public wi-fi.
The department of Telecom is currently reviewing the ways to implement this proposition. The DoT has also considered creating a separate licensing system for interested private telecom operators. This is a big push towards creating wi-fi enabled cities which is soon to become a reality.
Though many cities globally provide the public wi-fi access free of cost, the government seems to be working out a figure to please the public and the telecom companies.
One of the major advantages of hosting wi-fi connectivity in public places like bus stops, railway stations, malls etc means not having to depend on the telecom networks. Also many telecom networks are offloading data services onto wi-fi networks to divert the data traffic. This means hosting towers , base stations will reduce. Telecom operators like Vodafone and MTNL have rooted many hotspots in the metro cities to make sure their telecom networks are free of many such data congestions.
It is believed that this opportunity can bring in other private cable networks like Hathway, Spectranet, Tikona, ACT Broadband into the picture to help offload the data. Though many call this proposition a "populist" move, the DoT still remains positive about charging it's users. The charges are yet to be determined.
Earlier this year, Bangaloreans were thrilled to know the state government has given way to promote free public wi-fi in some major locations in Bangalore. But faced many security issues and the wi-fi connectivity is a story told and forgotten among fellow Bangaloreans.
A similar project was rolled out in Patna too in February 2014, where the Bihar government introduced a 20 km free wi-fi zone but this project also met with a failure on account of the connectivity and security issues.
One of the biggest threats in providing public wi-fi is the securing data because data theft, hacking, phishing are new epidemic of internet generation. The data transmitted and received on public wi-fi platforms may not be safe and this still remains the DoT's major concern in enabling public wi-fi. Also if the public wi-fi is made free, the server failures will substantially increase due to a large pool of users, so the DoT considers paid public wi-fi is the way to go.
Though the proposition is definitely a good one, the little consequences that come attached like privacy of data and securing data must be tackled by the government. Considering our large population, this measure is sure to paste a smile on many faces.
Why is this failure or even have security issues? They offer a few hundreds few MBs per day (I guess it's enough for mobile surfing). However, there is some connectivity issues but it works fine most of the time.
Thanks for putting forward your comment.
Slow transmission of data and power failures are symptoms of failures.
But I really pray to be wrong because having the longest ie 20 km long public wi-fi is a matter of pride for the whole country!


My girlfriend just approached her 80,000 miles of operation on her 2007 Subaru Impreza, and during the maintenance that I perform on her car, I decided to take a look at the condition of her spark plugs. When I removed the passenger side ignition boot, I noticed that there was oil leaking into the spark plug galley. After doing some research, I found that this is a common issue that every Subaru owner will face during the course of ownership. The cause was a failed head seal and spark plug seal.
This project is pretty extensive, and in turn, requires a significant amount of tools to make the job easier.
It is VERY important that you get yourself a universal joint to do this task. DO NOT start without one unless you have super midget hands and can get in tight areas.
First things first is to make as much room as you can to work. If you have a newer non-turbo Impreza, chances are you have a SOHC model which means that the head covers are going to be a bit tough to get to. I personally removed the hood, but I wouldn't recommend this unless you know how to throw it back on ... it can be quite cumbersome if you have trouble aligning the bolts and could end up damaging the hood.
What you want to do here is disconnect any wires that are directly connected to the valve head, which on this engine is the spark plug boots. Start by disconnecting the spark plug wires from the distributor. If you are unsure where this is, simply follow the spark plug wire towards the back of the engine. The distributor is found on the passenger side.
And next, remove the spark plug boots from the head itself. They will pull right out, and if you have done a spark plug change before, they shouldn't be on there with too much grip. Another thing that you want to remove is the intake breather hose. This uses a simple pinch clamp, and the other end is connected the same way under the intake resonator box.
Take note of the highlights in the image below. These are 10mm bolts and there are 6 per side. Take note that these bolts have seen their share of heat cycling during their lifetime. You should surely spray some WD40 or PBBlaster on them just to help them break free. These bolts aren't torqued down very hard, and can easily be removed with a box end wrench ... DO NOT put extreme force on these bolts, if they break, you are going to be in deep doo doo.
If you are following this tutorial correctly, and you are on the passenger side, there is one more bolt that you need to worry about, and that is on the timing belt cover.
This is where the universal joint and some extensions will come in very handy. I took it one step further and used an impact driver. Again, I dont recommend this unless you have used an impact driver with a joint before. If you arent careful, you can lose control of the joint and cause some serious damage.
Take note of the one shorter bolt on the passenger side, remember that this goes where the timing belt cover is.
I noticed that a few guides online don't really mention this step, but it will make the job a heck of a lot easier. There are a total of 4 12mm bolts, and 2 10mm bolts.
The yellow colored circles are the 12mm bolts, with the solid yellow indicating the location of two hidden bolts. The red circles are the 10mm bolts. Once you undo these, the shield easily slides off.
Undoing the bolts isn't simply going to make the head cover come off. You will need to work a bit to break the seal created by the rubber gasket. This can be easily done by grabbing a long flat head screwdriver and giving it a few light taps with a hammer.
The head cover is going to gently start sliding off, and this is where the "hard" part comes, which is trying to remove the head cover with the limited room you have. It is most certainly possible, and possible without any excessive force. Excessive force may damage the internals of the engine, please be VERY careful here. I eventually got the cover out by working the cover towards the back of the engine, and then up through the engine bay. Take your time, and eventually you will get it.
Once the cover is off, check for each of the gaskets. There should be one large gasket that is either going to be stuck to the cover, or stuck in place on the engine. You can see from the picture above that the gasket is right on the engine. The large 'tubes' in the center of the head are the spark plug galleys. There are two gaskets around them as well, in my case they were actually stuck on the cover.
You will immediately see the difference between your new spark plug gaskets and the old ones. The image below shows the older work seals on the left with the new seals on the right.
Give the spark plug galleys and clean with a shop towel to get the oil off, then press on the new seals. They only go on one way, and you need to make sure they are pressed on fully and seated evenly.
Take some time to clean the cover. Chances are there is a lifetime of oil gunk and grime that has coated the cover, and you really want to make sure that it is nice and clean. You also want to make sure that the valley for the gasket is free of oil and clean of any dirt an debris. Use some carb cleaner, and dry well.
The head gasket goes on only one way, and the easiest way to figure it out is to find the curve on the gasket to match it with the curve on the head. Make sure the seal is nice an clean, and that it is installed fully.
Once this is done, go ahead and work on getting the head cover back on the engine. Again, be very careful here, and take your time. It will go back on without any excessive force. Reinstall the head cover bolts using a ratchet. To not use power tools here, you want to make them tight, but not excessive as you may damage the gasket.
The first difference is the layout of the fuel rail shield. Above you will see a picture that I took that hopefully shows you where all of the bolts are. These are all 12mm bolts.
Another thing you will want to remove here to make the job easier is the oil fill tube. This goes directly to the head cover and is attached by two 10mm bolts.
Once you reinstall everything, and make sure that all lines have been reconnected, you really should prime the engine. Chances are when you removed the head covers, a large amount of oil spilled on the ground, which is perfectly fine. First, you want to go and add about a half quart of oil to replace what spilled out. What you want to do though, is have engine oil back into the heads to coat the parts. It is very easy to do this just by removing the ignition fuse in the fuse panel under the steering wheel. Once you do this, turn the ignition for about 3 seconds ... wait .... and again for 3 seconds. Now replace the fuse. This simply primed the oil pump without starting the engine.
Lastly, you will want to go ahead and do a full oil change. There is a chance that you contaminated the oil while doing this, and it is always best to have some nice fresh oil in the car after doing some work.


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Carl Zeiss Vision Inc. Names New President, SVP Independent Eyecare Professionals
Thread: Carl Zeiss Vision Inc. Names New President, SVP Independent Eyecare Professionals
"Appointment of Jens Boy and Greg DiPasquale demonstrate clear, long-term commitment to the North American market and customers."
Carl Zeiss Vision Inc. is intensifying its focus on the North American market with two executive appointments. Effective August 1, Jens Boy will become its new President and head of the North American organization of the ZEISS Vision Care business group. Greg DiPasquale has recently assumed the role of Senior VP, Independent ECP, with Steve Mitrakos taking on the role of Senior Vice President, Retail.
"Jens Boy's appointment underlines our clear commitment to the North American marketplace," says Dr. Matthias Metz, Member of the Executive Board of Carl Zeiss AG and head of the Vision Care business group. "Jens has a proven track record in sales, customer service and business development in North America. He shares our long-term commitment to the development of our organization in the US and Canada, and our commitment to putting the customer first."
"To grow the ZEISS ophthalmic business in a fast-changing market as the eyeglass lens industry in North America is a great responsibility, an honor and of course a challenge", says Jens Boy. "I look forward to working with Vision Care's team to strengthen ZEISS' position as an excellent business partner for eye care professionals, optometrists and retailers."
Jens Boy has spent almost all of his professional life in the United States. He holds an MBA degree from Duke University and started his career in 1994 at Dräger Medical. He assumed various domestic and international roles in Marketing, Product Management and Business Development. From 2004 on he served at Teleflex Medical as VP of Global Marketing and was appointed VP and GM of its Surgical Division in 2006. He led Teleflex' Cardiac Care Division from 2007 to 2008 and joined Zimmer Dental as VP Global Sales in the same year. Jens Boy will have his office at Carl Zeiss Vision Inc.'s headquarters in San Diego, CA.
Ulrich Krauss, the chief sales officer for Carl Zeiss Vision and head of the ZEISS Vision Care business group in North America since 2013, will relocate to Germany.
Greg DiPasquale has a proven track record in sales management, business development and general management roles spanning 25 years. He brings broad and deep knowledge of the lens business acquired both in senior sales management roles and as a lab owner. Most recently, he has been an executive-in-residence
faculty member at Ohio University, teaching sales, sales management techniques and studying sales performance improvement techniques.
« New Camber Lens Designs | Get Free Exam Equipment With Camber Lenses »
Joe Wende Named Carl Zeiss Vision Vice President – Managed Care
By Steve Machol in forum Optical Industry News
Carl Zeiss Vision Unveils New Loyalty Program for Eye Care Professionals
Carl Zeiss Vision Names Frederick Howard President, Americas
By Newsroom in forum Optical Industry News
Carl Zeiss Optical, Inc. President Honored By New York Children's Vision Coalition
Carl Zeiss Optical, Inc. Contributes To The Education Of Eyecare Professionals


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POLITICO Florida PlaybookTallahassee Morning NewsletterFlorida Health Care NewsletterFlorida Higher Education Watch
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Scott also will cast as hypocrites those House Republicans who voted in committee for the bill to eliminate Enterprise Florida and cut Visit Florida's funding. | Getty
Scott to invoke Trump in Florida House leadership fight
By MATT DIXON
TALLAHASSEE — During a Republican National Committee fundraiser in Palm Beach on Friday, Gov. Rick Scott is set to insert President Donald Trump into his messaging and legislative war with the Florida House over taxpayer-funded incentives given to businesses to relocate to Florida.
Scott is in a highly-publicized political battle with House Republicans, mainly House Speaker Richard Corcoran, who want to shutter Enterprise Florida, the state's top economic development entity, and slash funding for Visit Florida, its tourism marketing agency. Scott says both are key to job creation, while House leaders say the taxpayer dollars amount to "corporate welfare."
"I'm sure the biggest surprise President Trump will have in his transition from business life to political life is the same surprise I had — the number of people who treat politics as a game," Scott will say, according to excerpts provided to POLITICO Florida. "We have some in Florida's Republican House right now that are trying to get rid of our jobs agency and our tourism agency."
He leveled similar lines of attack when he toured the state to promote the full funding of the two embattled agencies.
Scott also will cast as hypocrites those House Republicans who voted in committee for the bill to eliminate Enterprise Florida and cut Visit Florida's funding, even though some do not fully agree with it. At least one House Republican who voted for the bill, state Rep. Alex Miller of Sarasota, told POLITICO Florida this week she would not vote for it again when it gets to the House floor.
"So, I have vowed to fight against this kind of hypocrisy and I know President Trump will do the same thing at the national level," say the excerpts from Scott's remarks. "He will, no doubt, have to change the game of politics that goes on there today."
Railing against politics-as-usual is typical speech fodder for Scott, but as he prepares for a likely 2018 U.S. Senate bid against incumbent Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson he is developing a comfort level in the same political world once foreign to him.
Scott has a particular and growing antipathy for Corcoran, whom he derides as ignorant about job creation, according to those familiar with the governor's thinking. And there's growing buzz that Scott will enlist the president's help to sandbag Corcoran if the House Speaker decides to run to succeed the termed-out governor in 2018.
"You can be sure that if Richard [Corcoran] runs for governor, Rick will get Trump to drop the boom on him at just the right time and ruin his chances with Republicans. The governor takes this stuff personally," said a close ally of the governor.
He was elected vice chair of the Republican Governors Association last weekend, which puts him in line to lead that organization in 2018, his "Let's Get to Work" political action committee raised $1.6 million in January, and as one of Trump's earlier supporters, has a loyal ally in the White House.
"Now, we have President Trump in the White House and a partner for Florida and every state who wants to create jobs and reboot their economy."
Here are the complete excerpts provided to POLITICO Florida:
There will always be critics and those in the media who say Trump can't turn the economy around, he can't make our country safer, and he can't improve health care.
But, I met President Trump 20 years ago during my work in the private sector - and I know him to be VERY goal oriented!
More than that…even more than knowing President Trump is committed to success – I am CONVINCED he will be VICTORIOUS AGAIN in his national jobs agenda because it is THE SAME THING we have done right here in Florida!
I'm sure the biggest surprise President Trump will have in his transition from business life to political life is the same surprise I had – the number of people who treat politics as a GAME. They don't say what they mean or mean what they say – which you have to do in business.
Unfortunately, there are those in DC – and even in Tallahassee – who play games. We have some in Florida's Republican House right now that are trying to get rid of our jobs agency and our tourism agency here in Florida. These are the biggest jobs-generating entities in our state government. When reporters asked them why they voted this way they said they didn't actually support killing these job generating efforts, they were just trying to have a "conversation." This is absurd doublespeak that politicians engage in.
So, I have vowed to fight against this kind of hypocrisy and I know President Trump will do the same thing at the national level. He will, no doubt, have to change the game of politics that goes on there today.
The American people, elected a businessman because they wanted someone to go to DC and turn it upside down. They are tired of the games. They are tired of politicians saying one thing when they run and then voting another way when they are in office.
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Posts Tagged 'Les Miserables'
Les Miserables and Korean society ①
Guerrilla column: A guerrilla column has been contributed by OhmyNews citizen journalists. There will be a guerrilla column written by citizen reporter Ingyu Kang below. It was translated to English with a summary of the contents.
Les Miserables has been a smash hit in Korea. There have been over two million people that have seen this film within a week of its premiere and it topped the box office in that time. It seems that this movie has helped soothe those who have suffered from the aftereffects of the presidential election. (particularly voters who desired a change of government.)
It is understandable because the younger generation who eagerly desired for a change in Korean society has fallen into despair and feels betrayed. There are many reasons why the younger generation want changes in the Korean society, but one only has to look at the number 1 cause of death in those younger than 40 to have an understanding of how the generation feels. A number of estimates show suicide to be that cause of death.
According to the BBC (2012), Koreans officially work an average of 2193 hours annually, which is 125 hours more than the second ranked Chile.
It is because of this situation of being overworked and a feeling of despair that the younger generation cast their votes the opposition Democratic United Party's Jae-in Moon, and not the conservative ruling party's Geun-hye Park. (Korea elected Park as the 18th president)
Should the youth feel frustrated with the current living conditions of Korean society? It seems the answer is 'yes', but we can find some perspective thorough Les Miserables's tremendous popularity in Korea.
The backgrounds and social problems in Les Miserables are closely related to recent Korean events. For instance, scores of men at semiconductor companies have contracted cancer and workers at automobile companies have committed suicide because of their unfair dismissal from their work. In addition, many workers risk their lives to clime to the top of transmission towers. After the presidential election, a total of 5 people lost their lives due to difficult living conditions and suicide.
Social issues are applied to not only workers but also children in Korea. In the last 10 years there has been a two fold increase in the number of children who have been abused emotionally, physically and/or sexually. More than 40 million primary school children have to skip lunch during vacation due to disturbed backgrounds. There are over 20 million teenagers who run away across the nation and a quarter of women who have become a prostitute have done so only to stave off hunger and to live more comfortably.
These unbelievable problems have persisted in the country with 10th largest economy in the world. It would be better for the government to do nothing, as they aggressively promote an unfair education system, deregulate employment protection legislation and welfare retrenchment, that all negatively affect the lives of regularly working people.
* For orginal article in Korean: http://bit.ly/TFtCPL (by Ingyu Kang)
Tags: column, Les Miserables, Park Geun-hye
by Eunbin Ko
posted in Opinion, Politics
Les Miserables and Korean society ②
21 century Korean edition <Les Miserables>, more miserable than the original
Les Miserables discloses what the powerful are likely to conceal, which elaborates on legislation that is used as a powerful instrument of vested rights. The stringent laws are never applied to the corruptors, but on the contrary these unfair laws are enforced on the less fortunate as seen in the case of Jean Valjean who spent 19 years in prison on a charge of stealing a piece of bread.
Some might think that Jean's life sounds unrealistic, although it can easily be seen in our current laws. Many are enforced to the letter against trash collectors for their illegal acts but the same law has been applied far too leniently with a cooperate mogul on suspicion of tax evasion and/or misappropriation. That has been the Korean style of righteousness of the law to this point.
Another tragedy in Korean society relates to the overwhelming indifference that people have in our society towards those less fortunate. This presidential result magnifies that point. A direct presidential election in Korea has been completed by those who sacrificed and devoted themselves realizing a true democracy. Ironically, people this time voted for the daughter of a former dictator.
It seemed that the student revolution in <Les Miserables> was unsuccessful but consequentially the French Revolution changed France from a monarchy to a republic, which also contributed to the growth of democracy all over the world.
Tags: Les Miserables
Les Miserables and Korean society ③
A perspective of the 2012 presidential election
There has been an extreme cry for change in the Korean society leading up to the 2012 presidential election. Although the election was lost, those wanting change made their voices heard. A certain circle might be pessimistic about this 2012 election because the proportion of voters in their 50s' and over who are more likely to have an inclination toward conservatism is increasing. I do not agree with that sense of pessimism.
we should remind ourselves that 37% of conservative 50s did not select the ruling conservative Saenuri party Park, but it is equally important that nearly 34% of 20s did support her as president. Therefore we do not need to fall into despair but be optimistic for our future.
An important question that should be followed upon is how we effectively communicate with each other and harmonize our differences. Putting the 2012 election aside, we should shed more light on the constructive criticism to set Korea to in right direction regardless of particular factions.
"Do you hear the people sing? Say do you hear the distant drums. It is the future that they bring when tomorrow comes ."
The ending background music of the movie implies that tomorrow comes when the people take the lead at solving social problems putting their heads together and it is necessary to take care of those less fortunate so as to create a better society.
It is the only way that <Les Miserables> will play a role as motivator of social change as well as simply consoling Koreans. Soon afterwards the future that people bring will come.


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Tajikistan Table of Contents
The Russian Conquest
After several unsuccessful attempts in earlier times, the Russian conquest and settlement of Central Asia began in earnest in the second half of the nineteenth century. Spurred by various economic and geopolitical factors, increasing numbers of Russians moved into Central Asia in this period. Although some armed resistance occurred, Tajik society remained largely unchanged during this initial colonial period.
The Occupation Process
By 1860 the Central Asian principalities were ripe for conquest by the much more powerful Russian Empire. Imperial policy makers believed that these principalities had to be subdued because of their armed opposition to Russian expansion into the Kazak steppe, which already was underway to the north of Tajikistan. Some proponents of Russian expansion saw it as a way to compensate for losses elsewhere and to pressure Britain, Russia's perennial nemesis in the region, by playing on British concerns about threats to its position in India. The Russian military supported campaigns in Central Asia as a means of advancing careers and building personal fortunes. The region assumed much greater economic importance in the second half of the nineteenth century because of its potential as a supplier of cotton.
An important step in the Russian conquest was the capture of Tashkent from the Quqon Khanate, part of which was annexed in 1866. The following year, Tashkent became the capital of the new Guberniya (Governorate General) of Turkestan, which included the districts of Khujand and Uroteppa (later part of Tajikistan). After a domestic uprising and Russian military occupation, Russia annexed the remainder of the Quqon Khanate in 1876.
The Bukhoro Khanate fought Russian invaders during the same period, losing the Samarqand area in 1868. Russia chose not to annex the rest of Bukhoro, fearing repercussions in the Muslim world and from Britain because Bukhoro was a bastion of Islam and a place of strategic significance to British India. Instead, the tsar's government made a treaty with Bukhoro, recognizing its existence but in effect subordinating it to Russia. Bukhoro actually gained territory by this agreement, when the Russian administration granted the amir of Bukhoro a district that included Dushanbe, now the capital of Tajikistan, in compensation for the territory that had been ceded to Russia.
In the 1880s, the principality of Shughnon-Rushon in the western Pamir Mountains became a new object of contention between Britain and Russia when Afghanistan and Russia disputed territory there. An 1895 treaty assigned the disputed territory to Bukhoro, and at the same time put the eastern Pamirs under Russian rule.
Tajikistan under Russian Rule
Russian rule brought important changes in Central Asia, but many elements of the traditional way of life scarcely changed. In the part of what is now Tajikistan that was incorporated into the Guberniya of Turkestan, many ordinary inhabitants had limited contact with Russian officials or settlers before 1917. Rural administration there resembled the system that governed peasants in the European part of the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. Local administration in villages continued to follow long-established tradition, and prior to 1917 few Russians lived in the area of present-day Tajikistan. Russian authorities also left education in the region substantially the same between the 1870s and 1917.
An important event of the 1870s was Russia's initial expansion of cotton cultivation in the region, including the areas of the Fergana Valley and the Bukhoro Khanate that later became part of Tajikistan. The pattern of switching land from grain cultivation to cotton cultivation, which intensified during the Soviet period, was established at this time. The first cotton-processing plant was established in eastern Bukhoro during World War I.
Some elements of opposition to Russian hegemony appeared in the late nineteenth century. By 1900 a novel educational approach was being offered by reformers known as Jadidists (jadid is the Arabic word for "new.") The Jadidists, who received support from Tajiks, Tatars, and Uzbeks, were modernizers and nationalists who viewed Central Asia as a whole. Their position was that the religious and cultural greatness of Islamic civilization had been degraded in the Central Asia of their day. The Tatars and Central Asians who shared these views established Jadidist schools in several cities in the Guberniya of Turkestan. Although the Jadidists were not necessarily anti-Russian, tsarist officials in Turkestan found their kind of education even more threatening than traditional Islamic teaching. By World War I, several cities in present-day Tajikistan had underground Jadidist organizations.
Between 1869 and 1913, uprisings against the amir of Bukhoro erupted under local rulers in the eastern part of the khanate. The uprisings of 1910 and 1913 required Russian troops to restore order. A peasant revolt also occurred in eastern Bukhoro in 1886. The failed Russian revolution of 1905 resonated very little among the indigenous populations of Central Asia. In the Duma (legislature) that was established in St. Petersburg as a consequence of the events of 1905, the indigenous inhabitants of Turkestan were allotted only six representatives. Subsequent to the second Duma in 1907, Central Asians were denied all representation.
By 1916 discontent with the effects of Russian rule had grown substantially. Central Asians complained especially of discriminatory taxation and price gouging by Russian merchants. A flashpoint was Russia's revocation that year of Central Asians' traditional exemption from military service. In July 1916, the first violent reaction to the impending draft occurred when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand, in what would later be northern Tajikistan. Although clashes continued in various parts of Central Asia through the end of the year, Russian troops quickly brought the Khujand region back under control. The following year, the Russian Revolution ended tsarist rule in Central Asia.
In the early 1920s, the establishment of Soviet rule in Central Asia led to the creation of a new entity called Tajikistan as a republic within the Soviet Union. In contrast to the tsarist period, when most inhabitants of the future Tajikistan felt only limited Russian influence, the Soviet era saw a central authority exert itself in a way that was ideologically and culturally alien to the republic's inhabitants. The Tajik way of life experienced much change, even though social homogenization was never achieved.
Data as of March 1996


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Q: Torsion-free module over a PID is flat Suppose a ring of integers $S$ is an extension of a ring of integers $R$ with $\mathfrak{q}$ a prime ideal in $S$ and $\mathfrak{p}=\mathfrak{q}^c$ in $R$. Is there a straightforward way of showing that $S_\mathfrak{q}$ is flat over $R_\mathfrak{p}$ from first principles? i.e. without just quoting a the theorem such as the one in the title (the proof of which in Bourbaki is somewhat obscure). I am happy that this then shows that $S$ is flat over $R$ which is the result I am actually after.
A later thought (in the bath!): $S$ is f.g. over $R$ and $S-\mathfrak{q}\subset S-\mathfrak{p}$, so $S_\mathfrak{q}$ is f.g. over $R_\mathfrak{p}$. Moreover $S_\mathfrak{q}$ is torsion-free, hence free hence flat. Does this work?

A: Yes, the structure theorem for f.g. modules over a PID gives a quick resolution: such a module is a direct sum of a free module and a torsion module.
Another method: $M$ is flat iff $\text{Tor}_1^R(M, R/I) = 0$ for every $R$-ideal $I$. If $R$ is a PID, every (nonzero) ideal is principal and generated by a nonzerodivisor, say $I = (a)$. Then using the long exact sequence for
$$0 \to R \xrightarrow{a} R \to R/(a) \to 0$$
to compute $\text{Tor}$, we find that $\text{Tor}_1^R(M, R/(a)) \cong 0 :_M (a) = \{m \in M \mid am = 0\}$, which vanishes iff $a$ is a nonzerodivisor on $M$. Thus torsionfree $\implies$ flat over a PID, even without finite generation.
Also, for future reference: the following implications hold for any module, over any ring:
$$\text{free} \implies \text{projective} \implies \text{locally free} \implies \text{flat} \implies \text{torsionfree}$$

A: This has been open long enough. The clearest demonstration I have found is in Qing Liu "Algebraic Geometry and Arithmetic Curves" Theorem 2.4 combined with Corollary 2.5. This just relies on part of the Snake Lemma which is not too heavy, Homologically speaking. It also relies on $R$ being a Dedekind domain and thus $R_\mathfrak{p}$ is a PID which I personally am happy with.

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