The Mediation Act 2017 ("the Act") commenced on 1 January 2018 and contains a number of changes that directly affect the area of litigation and dispute resolution.
Under the Act, it is now obligatory for solicitors to advise clients to consider mediation as a means of attempting to resolve civil disputes. The Courts must be satisfied that mediation has been considered by potential litigants and the parties need to provide confirmation by way of a statutory declaration made by the solicitor that they have done so. If a party to litigation fails to reasonably engage in mediation, this may result in the imposition of sanctions by way of a costs order against that party.
Mediation is a voluntary, collaborative process that offers parties the opportunity to resolve issues with a neutral third party without resorting to adversarial and costly litigation. The mediator and the parties concerned will agree and sign an "agreement to mediate" before the commencement of the mediation. If an agreement is reached as a result of the mediation, this may be recorded in a legally binding agreement. A court may enforce the terms of a mediation agreement. Should mediation fail, this will not impact on either party's right to proceed to litigation. Excluding some limited exceptions (including where it is necessary in order to implement or enforce a mediation settlement), all communications, records and notes relating to mediation are confidential and shall not be disclosed in any proceedings before a court. This may be useful in matters of a confidential nature where parties may not want sensitive details of a case being heard in court.
Explain to the client that a solicitor is obliged to provide a statutory declaration that the client has been advised of the above and also to inform them of the effect of the failure to provide this declaration.
A solicitor is obliged to provide this advice to their client prior to instigating litigation proceedings. Solicitors are then required to swear a statutory declaration confirming that they have provided these advices to their clients. Failure to furnish the Court with this declaration will result in the proceedings being adjourned until the requirement is complied with.
The Act does apply to arbitration, proceedings in the High Court by way of judicial review or of seeking leave to apply for judicial review, and proceedings against the State in respect of alleged infringements of the fundamental rights and freedoms of a person. The Act also expressly excludes disputes that are being investigated or mediated by the Workplace Relations Commission.
This Act is a positive development in contentious matters. It promotes voluntary, collaborative agreement between parties and can save considerable time and expense when compared to costly court proceedings. The obligation on solicitors to declare that they have advised clients of mediation can only encourage more disputes to be resolved this way.
Michael Hegarty of Reddy Charlton Solicitors is an Accredited CEDR Mediator.
For further information please contact Paula Quinn at pquinn@reddycharlton.ie or Michael Hegarty at mhegarty@reddycharlton.ie.


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Excerpts from David Baldwin's Trauma Pages http://www.trauma-pages.com/trauma.php
This page briefly summarizes some of what we know about traumatic symptoms and responses, and includes links describing PTSD symptoms and coping strategies. Other links lead to more research-oriented issues, such as measuring treatment efficacy, etc. Succeeding pages at this site provide additional links to more detailed references, online articles, and web resources helpful in understanding trauma responses and treatment.
Traumatizing experiences shake the foundations of our beliefs about safety, and shatter our assumptions of trust.
Because they are so far outside what we would expect, these events provoke reactions that feel strange and "crazy". Perhaps the most helpful thing I can say here is that even though these reactions are unusual and disturbing, they are typical and expectable. By and large, these are normal responses to abnormal events.
Trauma symptoms are probably adaptive, and originally evolved to help us recognize and avoid other dangerous situations quickly — before it was too late. Sometimes these symptoms resolve within a few days or weeks of a disturbing experience: Not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will develop PTSD. It is when many symptoms persist for weeks or months, or when they are extreme, that professional help may be indicated. On the other hand, if symptoms persist for several months without treatment, then avoidance can become the best available method to cope with the trauma — and this strategy interferes with seeking professional help. Postponing needed intervention for a year or more, and allowing avoidance defenses to develop, could make this work much more difficult.
We create meaning out of the context in which events occur. Consequently, there is always a strong subjective component in people's responses to traumatic events. This can be seen most clearly in disasters, where a broad cross-section of the population is exposed to objectively the same traumatic experience. Some of the individual differences in susceptibility to PTSD following trauma probably stem from temperament, others from prior history and its effect on this subjectivity.
Traumatic experiences shake the foundations of our beliefs about safety, and shatter our assumptions of trust.
In the "purest" sense, trauma involves exposure to a life-threatening experience. This fits with its phylogenetic roots in life-or-death issues of survival, and with the involvement of older brain structures (e.g., reptilian or limbic system) in responses to stress and terror. Yet, many individuals exposed to violations by people or institutions they must depend on or trust also show PTSD-like symptoms — even if their abuse was not directly life-threatening. Although the mechanisms of this connection to traumatic symptoms are not well understood, it appears that betrayal by someone on whom you depend for survival (as a child on a parent) may produce consequences similar to those from more obviously life-threatening traumas. Examples include some physically or sexually abused children as well as Vietnam veterans, but monkeys also show a sense of fairness, so our sensitivity to betrayal may not be limited to humans. Experience of betrayal trauma may increase the likelihood of psychogenic amnesia, as compared to fear-based trauma. Forgetting may help maintain necessary attachments (e.g., during childhood), improving chances for survival; if so, this has far-reaching theoretical implications for psychological research. Of course, some traumas include elements of betrayal and fear; perhaps all involve feelings of helplessness.
As you might expect, risk for PTSD increases with exposure to trauma. In other words, chronic or multiple traumatic experiences are likely to be more difficult to overcome than most single instances. PTSD is also more likely if passive defenses, such as freezing or dissociation, are used — rather than active defenses such as fight or flight. Epidemiological estimates suggest that the incidence and lifetime prevalence rates of PTSD in the general population are around 1% and 9%, respectively. But these levels increase markedly for young adults living in inner cities (23%), and for wounded combat veterans (20%). There is also evidence that early traumatic experiences (e.g., during childhood), especially if these are prolonged or repeated, may increase the risk of developing PTSD after traumatic exposure as an adult. This may result from state-dependent learning, where previous responses to a terrifying event are repeated even though more appropriate responses (i.e., active defenses) may now be possible.
Several animal studies have suggested the possibility of permanent physical damage (including shrinkage) in the hippocampus and changes in the amygdala when severe or chronic trauma — and its symptoms — persists (see especially work by Robert Sapolsky and by Joseph LeDoux, respectively). Unfortunately, there is no easy way to compare the relative types or degree of trauma across species. The most recent human data, including Gilbertson et al's (2002) twin study, suggest that response to trauma may be influenced by pre-existing individual differences in hippocampal volume. Perhaps both processes are involved.
There's no clear evidence that susceptibility to PTSD varies for members of different ethnic or minority groups (given a traumatic experience). But individual differences clearly play some role. For example, younger children have less ability to predict, avoid, make sense of, or to actively defend against, upsetting events, and more introverted or shy individuals may experience stronger emotional reactions to such experiences.
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2002-03-08 Application filed by Medtronic, Inc. filed Critical Medtronic, Inc.
The present invention relates to a medical body implantable lead for electrical stimulation and/or sensing having a series of electrodes at its distal end that are adjustable with respect to each other either axially, spatially or both. The present invention also relates to a method of implanting a medical body implantable lead.
The state of the art of implantable pulse generator and lead systems for stimulating human tissue has advanced to the point that such devices are being designed and used in increasing numbers to treat a wide variety of medical conditions. In addition to implantable pulse generator and lead systems for treating many different types of cardiac conditions (bradycardia, tachycardia, fibrillation, and the like), so called neurological pulse generator and lead systems have been provided for stimulating tissue in a patient's nervous system, in order to treat such diverse conditions as pain, motor impairment, incontinence, and impotence, to name only a few.
In most cases, electrical stimulation pulses are conveyed from an implanted pulse generator to the desired stimulation site by means of an implanted lead having exposed electrodes at its distal end. Typically, implantable spinal cord leads, deep brain leads, brain surface leads or peripheral nerve leads contain multiple electrodes. Two basic styles are available.
One style is the percutaneously inserted lead that is introduced through a Tuohy needle. The implanting physician places the electrode in an appropriate location using fluoroscopic visualization. The procedure is most often done under a local anesthetic. Proper electrode placement is tested using a trial stimulation screening technique to assure that paresthesia is perceived in the affected area. An example of this type of lead is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,462 issued to Borkan.
A typical percutaneous lead has a circular cross section and is fitted with one or more ring electrodes. These ring electrodes usually have an outer surface that is isodiametric with respect to the remainder of the lead. The isodiametric configuration minimizes the difficulty in passing the lead through a vein or through tissue. The smooth surface also minimizes the formation of potentially harmful thrombi when the lead is implanted.
The second basic stimulation lead style is commonly referred to as a "paddle" lead since it typically has a flat planar shape that resembles a paddle. This type of lead is usually surgically implanted through a laminotomy. An example of this type of "paddle" lead is the RESUME ® lead manufactured by Medtronic, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minn., the assignee of the present invention. This lead has four axially aligned inline electrodes located on the outer surface of an elongate paddle at the distal end of the lead. In most cases the lead is implanted so that the electrodes are aligned with and lie over the midline of the spinal cord or peripheral nerve. Because leads of this type are surgically implanted, the size of the electrodes may be made larger than those of the percutaneously implanted leads.
With this type lead, various electrode combinations may be selected so that the area of stimulation may be moved along the midline of the spinal cord. An example of a surgically implanted lead is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,719 issued to Hull et al., owned by Medtronic, Inc. of Minneapolis, MN, the assignee of the present invention. Another example of a surgically implanted lead is U.S. Pat. No. 3,724,467 issued to Avery et al.
In the recent past there has been considerable interest among physicians, in having the ability to place the electrodes of a medical lead around the perimeter of peripheral nerves rather than placing them in a single row or column along the surface of the nerve parallel to its centerline. Various paddle shapes have been produced (helical shapes for example) to allow the identification and stimulation of fibers within the nerve itself. However, the electrodes have a fixed angular and spatial relationship with one another depending upon their placement on the paddle. The physician chooses the relationship between the electrodes and the desired fibers by rotating the paddle with respect to the nerve and moving it longitudinally along the surface of the nerve.
Similar problems relating to the fixed relationship between electrodes also exist with respect to placing paddle electrodes adjacent other tissues (other than peripheral nerves and the spinal cord). For example, paddle leads may be desired to perform surface brain tissue stimulation.
It would be desirable to have a lead that allows the physician to determine the spacing and the orientation of the electrodes with respect to each other. This problem is in need of a solution.
In addition to stimulation applications, the use of electrodes for sensing various medical conditions and states has the same problems involving spacing and orientation of electrodes with respect to each other.
The present invention is an implantable medical lead. The lead has at least two electrode nodes each having an electrode. The medical lead further includes at least one wire, connecting the first electrode node to the second electrode node. The wire is electrically connected to the electrode of the second electrode node. The wire includes a deformable sigma segment allowing the position of the first and second electrode nodes to be altered relative to each other.
In an alternate embodiment, the implantable medical lead has at least two electrode nodes and an elastic means for movably connecting the electrode nodes to each other.
In a further alternate embodiment, the implantable medical lead has at least two electrode nodes, a stretchable web, and at least one wire embedded in the stretchable web. The wire includes a deformable sigma segment. The stretchable web and the wire connect the two electrode nodes to each other while allowing the electrode nodes to be moved relative to each other.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a neurological lead in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the lead of FIG. 1 with the stretchable web removed for clarity.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of three electrodes and a connecting wire in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side view of one embodiment electrode node in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the wire connecting two electrode nodes in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the wire connecting two electrode nodes in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view of an electrode, sleeve and wire in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
The following description of the instant invention will be made in the context of the multi-electrode neurological lead illustrated in the drawings. However, it will be apparent that the concepts and principles of this invention may be applied to other tissue stimulating leads as well as to leads used for sensing.
FIG. 1 shows a neural stimulator lead according to one embodiment of the invention generally labeled 10. Lead 10 has a proximal end 12 and a distal end 14. The proximal end 12 of the lead 10 is connected to an electrical signal generator (not shown) either directly or through an extension (not shown). Proximal end 12 terminates in four proximal contacts 18 corresponding to four wires (22, 23, 25, 27), one for each of the four electrodes 20 shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1. The number of contacts and the number of wires may be altered while remaining within the scope of the present invention. The contacts 18 allow the lead to be connected to a connector block (not shown) of a type well known in the art. Each contact 18 is in electrical communication with one of the electrodes 20 at the distal end 14 of lead 10 thereby establishing discrete electrical paths from the electrical signal generator to deliver a stimulating signal to each electrode 20 separately.
It is noted that while there are four conducting wires (22, 23, 25, 27) in lead 10, they may be wrapped together in an outer jacket as is well known in the art. After the most proximal electrode, the three remaining wires (22, 23 and 25) may then be wrapped together in an outer jacket. After the second electrode from the proximal end, the two remaining wires (22, 23) may then be wrapped together in an outer jacket. Only wire 22 remains between the third electrode and the most distal electrode.
Strain relief member 16 connects the lead body 17 to the paddle portion of the lead 10. Strain relief member 16 provides movement flexibility between the lead body 17 and the electrodes 20.
The electrical signal generator may be an implanted device such as an Itrel III® Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) made and offered for sale by Medtronic, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The electrical signal generator may also be a completely external device such as a test stimulator or a partially external and partially internal pulse generators such as the Xtrel® Radio-Frequency Pulse Generator also made and offered for sale by Medtronic, Inc. of Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Lead 10 has at least two electrodes 20. Electrodes 20 are made of an electrically conductive material such as sintered iridium, platinum or a platinum/iridium alloy as is well understood in the art. A typical thickness for an electrode 20 is about 0.005 inch although electrodes 20 may be thicker or thinner as is well understood in the art. Electrodes 20 are each connected to the proximal end 12 of lead 10 where they are electrically connected to the electrical signal generator through the proximal contacts 18. In the preferred embodiment, each electrode 20 is connected to a proximal contact 18 through its own wire (22, 23, 25, or 27) as will be described in more detail hereafter.
However, it is within the scope of this invention for each electrode 20 to be connected to an intermediate multiplexing system through a wire 22 before being connected to the proximal end of lead 10. Such a multiplexing system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,038,480 entitled "Living Tissue Stimulation and Recording Techniques with Local Control of Active Sites," issued March 14, 2000 to Gregory A. Hrdlicka and Gary W. King, the teachings of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Electrodes 20 contact the tissue to be electrically stimulated and provide the electrical contact with the tissue.
While the discussion of electrodes 20 above is in the context of providing electrical stimulation, it is important to note that electrodes 20 may also be used for sensing. Sensing applications are within the scope of the present invention.
Electrodes 20 are typically located on pads 24. However, pads 24 are not required to be present when tissue contact with the back side of the electrode is acceptable. FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of the invention in which pads 24 are not used. The embodiment of FIG. 3 is also notable because wire 22 connects directly to each electrode. Therefore, in this embodiment the electrodes are not provided with a discrete electrical stimulation but rather are all receiving the same signal.
In one embodiment, a thin mesh 26 is embedded in each pad 24. However, mesh 26 is not required to be present. Mesh 26 may also be connected to the electrodes 20 without the presence of pads 24. In other words, electrodes 20 may be present without both pads 24 and mesh 26 or separately with either pads 24 or mesh 26. The term "electrode node" refers to an electrode alone, or to an electrode plus those components, layers or materials connected to the electrode, but not including the wire or web connecting one electrode to another. For example, an electrode node may be an electrode alone; an electrode and a pad; an electrode, a pad and a mesh; or an electrode, a pad, a mesh and additional layers, components or materials as may be necessary to perform additional functions. One embodiment of an electrode node 21 is shown in FIG. 1. This particular electrode node includes an electrode 20, pad 24 and mesh 26. An electrode node is also shown in FIG. 4.
Pads 24 provide a base for electrodes 20 and allow electrodes 20 to be connected to mesh 26. Pads 24 are preferably made of silicone rubber. However, pads 24 may be made of any suitable insulating material of the types well known in the art. For example, polyurethane or other thermoplastics and polymers such as nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like might used to make pads 24. The particular insulating material used in construction of the pads 24 is not important in the context of this invention so long as the material is a suitable biocompatible polymer that can function as an electrical insulator and with suitable elastic properties. Mesh 26 is preferably made of a medical mesh such as that made of Dacron® and commonly used to anchor medical devices to tissue in the body.
Electrodes 20 may be connected to pads 24 through any well know connection method such as medical adhesives or forming the electrodes in the pads 24 at the time the pads are molded. Pads 24 may be attached to mesh 26 by any well-known connection method such as a medical adhesive or by molding pads 24 around and through the interstices in the mesh 26.
Connection of an electrode 20 to a conducting wire (22, 23, 25, 27) may be accomplished by any way known to connect a wire to another conductor such as an electrode. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 11 , a sleeve 30, that may be hollow or partially hollow along its longitudinal direction, is crimped around wire 22. Sleeve 30 is connected to electrode 20 by any means known in the art for connecting two conductors, including laser welding. Other means of connecting a wire (22, 23, 25, 27) to electrode 20 may include soldering, laser welding, conductive adhesives, or other means well known in the art. The connection of electrode 20 to a conducting wire (22, 23, 25, 27) through either sleeve 30, or other means, fully accomplishes the interconnection of electrode 20 with the conducting wire (22, 23, 25, 27) and creates an electrical path from one proximal contact 18 to electrode 20 at the distal end 12 of lead 10.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the last two electrodes on the distal end 14 of the lead 10. In FIG. 2 the silicone rubber web has been removed for clarity. In this embodiment the wire 22 is in the form of a square wave. It is noted that while only one wire 22 is shown in FIG. 2, there may be more than one wire between adjacent electrodes. For example, when it is desired to have discrete electrical signals to each electrode (independent electrodes), then the number of wires between two electrodes would be at least as great as the number of electrodes from that point to the distal end of the lead (one wire for each electrode).
Between electrode nodes 21, wire (22, 23, 25, 27) is a deformable sigma segment. A deformable sigma segment is a segment of wire (22, 23, 25, 27) between endpoints 32 of the wire (22, 23, 25, 27) that has a length greater than the distance between the endpoints 32. A deformable sigma segment may be a square wave as seen in wire 22 of FIG. 2., sine wave (FIG. 6), curve (FIG. 5) or other variation or shape having a length greater than the distance between the endpoints 32 of the wire (22, 23, 25, 27) between pads 24.
Leads 10 having any number of electrodes 20 may be built. For example, configurations of two to any number of electrodes 20 may be desirable. The use of four reference numbers in conjunction with the term "wire" is not meant to be limiting. The FIG. 1 embodiment is just one example that has four electrodes.
Endpoints of a wire such as wire (22, 23, 25, 27) are defined as the first point of contact of the wire to an electrode node. If an electrode node is simply an electrode, then the endpoint is the first point of contact of the wire to the electrode. If an electrode node has other components in addition to an electrode, such as a pad and/or mesh, then the endpoint is the first point of contact of the wire to any of the components of the electrode node. For example, if the wire is embedded in the pad 24, then the endpoint is the first point of contact between the wire and the pad 24.
Depending on the specific medical situation, different types of conducting wire (22, 23, 25, 27) may be used. For example, one type of conducting wire (22, 23, 25, 27) that may be used is a stiff solid wire. Stiff means having sufficient rigidity to be moved into a position and then being able to retain that position. Alternately, wire (22, 23, 25, 27) may be a silver, gold or other highly conductive center-cored wire or bundled stranded wire. It is also within the scope of the invention for wire (22, 23, 25, 27) to be flaccid. Flaccid means having sufficient flexibility that once the wire (22, 23, 25, 27) is moved to a position, little force, such as gravity or contact with a moving surface, is required to move it to another position.
In one embodiment, a thin stretchable web 34 of silicone rubber or similar material connects each pair of pads 24. One or more of electrically conductive wire (22, 23, 25) may be contained within this stretchable web 34. These webs 34, including the wire (22, 23, 25, 27), allow the entire lead 10 to stretch and twist to accommodate a variety of physiological geometries as will be described in more detail hereafter. In a variant of this embodiment, the wire (22, 23, 25, 27) connecting the pads 24 exists without being embedded in or overlaying the stretchable web 34. In a further alternate embodiment, wire (22, 23, 25, 27), whether alone or with web 34, may be provided with an insulated coating, for example, a one mil coating of polytetrafluoroethylene polymer. A typical thickness of such insulation is about 0.0005 inches. The foregoing dimensions are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope or spirit of this invention.
It may be desirable to non-surgically place the lead 10 in the body adjacent the tissue to be stimulated. The non-surgical placement of a paddle style lead in the spinal cord area is discussed in U.S. Patent No. 6,249,707 to Kohnen et al. that is herein incorporated by reference. FIG. 7 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention for non-surgical placement of the paddle style lead in the body. In this embodiment, lead 10 includes a stylet 36 having a terminal end 38 that removably extends through cylindrical lumens 40 formed in pad 24 to terminate in a terminal stop 42 at the most distal end 12 of lead 10. Terminal stop 42 is cylindrical with a closed end where the closed end contacts the terminal end 38 of stylet 36. The stylet 36 may be inserted through lumens 40 until the terminal end 38 contacts and engages the terminal stop 42. The stylet 36 stiffens the lead 10 and allows the lead to be moved to a desired location through an oblong cross section of a needle. Once the lead 10 is at the desired location, the stylet 36 may be removed. The stiffening stylet 36 stiffens the lead 10 during insertion and is intended to be removed after insertion and during use of lead 10.
It is noted that in FIG. 7 a stretchable web is not shown between electrode nodes. However, a stretchable web 34 may be preferred and may be used in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG. 7. The stretchable web 34 shown in FIG. 1 may be used together with the stylet embodiment of FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, lead 10 comprises a series of electrode nodes 21 arranged in a non-linear fashion. Each pad 24 still has an electrode 20. But, pads 24 are interconnected by wires (22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35), webs 34, or both. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 wires (22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 , 33, 35) are each electrically connected to a single electrode 20 and to the source of electrical signal (in the case of stimulation applications). It should be noted however, that many other configurations of wires are within the scope of the present invention. Wires may be included in the design that connect electrode nodes but that do not connect electrodes 20 to the source of electrical signal but only provide the function of connecting electrode nodes together as described above.
In the embodiment of FIG. 8, electrode nodes 21 are arranged in a matrix arrangement so that the lead 10 has a two dimensional configuration. Electrode nodes 21 may be arranged in a series of rows and columns, in circles or concentric circles, along rays from a particular point or points, or otherwise positioned in an infinite variety of configurations. The key to this embodiment is that electrode nodes are connected together by wires with sigma segments or stretchable webs 34 or both in a two dimensional arrangement.
While the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 does not include wires between all electrode nodes, it is certainly within the scope of this invention to have wires between any two electrodes nodes. For example, some of the stretchable webs shown in FIG. 8 do not include an embedded wire. Such stretchable webs may include one or more wires embedded therein or partially embedded therein.
In an alternate embodiment shown in FIG. 9, pads 24 may be arranged in a three dimensional configuration. In this embodiment, pads 24 may also be arranged in a series of rows and columns along three axes, in spheres or concentric spheres, along rays from a particular point or points, or otherwise positioned in an infinite variety of configurations including combinations of two and three dimensional arrays. The key to this embodiment is that electrode nodes are connected together by wires 22 or webs 34 or both in a three dimensional arrangement. Note that in FIG. 9, only a single wire 22 is represented. It should be recognized that multiple wires are likely to be used in this invention to provide separate electrical connections to each electrode 20 as was described above.
In use, in whatever embodiment is used, the physician manipulates the pads 24 to change their relative orientation. In the embodiments where the wires (22, 23, 25, 27) that interconnect the pads 24 are rigid, once the orientation of the pads 24 has been changed, the lead 10 will retain the new orientation. Because wires 22 between pads 24 originally have a length greater than the endpoints 26 of wires 22, the separation of pads 24 from one another may be accomplished by straightening or compressing the wires (22, 23, 25, 27) between respective pads 24. This allows the physician to change not only the relative orientation of the pads 24 but also the spacing between the pads 24 to allow the electrodes 20 to be placed directly on particular sites of interest. Thereafter, if lead 10 is an embodiment where mesh 26 is present, mesh 26 around pads 24 may be sutured, glued or otherwise connected to the tissue near and around the electrodes 20.
In the embodiments where the wires (22, 23, 25, 27) or webs 34 or both that interconnect the pads 24 are flaccid, once the orientation of the pads 24 has been changed, the lead 10 will not retain the new orientation. However, the pads can be affixed to the tissue of interest at particular sites of interest by placing the electrodes 20 in contact with the tissue and suturing, gluing or otherwise affixing the mesh 26 to the tissue. Again, because wires (22, 23, 25, 27) between pads 24 originally have a length greater than the endpoints 26 of wires (22, 23, 25, 27), the separation of pads 24 from one another or the relative orientation between the pads 24 may be accomplished by straightening, compressing or changing the angles of the wires (22, 23, 25, 27) or webs 34 between respective pads 24. This allows the physician to change not only the relative angular orientation of the pads 24 but also the spacing between the pads 24 to allow the electrodes 20 to be placed directly on particular sites of interest. Thereafter, if lead 10 is an embodiment where mesh 26 is present, mesh 26 around pads 24 may be sutured, glued or otherwise connected to the tissue near and around the electrodes 20.
FIG. 10 is another embodiment of the present invention in which three electrode nodes are arranged in an exemplary spatial relationship.
While the invention herein has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, one skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous other embodiments and departures from the embodiment shown may be made without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed. Although specific dimensions have been given to illustrate the invention, it is to be understood that the dimensions given herein are illustrative and not intended to be limiting.
1. An implantable medical lead comprising: at least first and second electrode nodes, the first electrode node comprising a first electrode and the second electrode node comprising a second electrode; and at least a first wire connecting the first electrode node to the second electrode node, wherein the first wire is electrically connected to the second electrode, the first wire defining a deformable sigma segment whereby the deformable sigma segment of the first wire allows the position of the first and second electrode nodes to change relative to each other.
6. An implantable medical lead as in claim 2, wherein the first and second electrode nodes each comprise a pad, and wherein each pad is integral with the stretchable web.
7. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1 , wherein the first electrode node further comprises a first pad adjacent the first electrode and the second electrode node further comprises a second pad adjacent the second electrode.
8. An implantable medical lead as in claim 6 or 7, wherein the connection between first and second electrode nodes comprises contact of the first wire with the first pad and electrical connection of the first wire to the second electrode.
9. An implantable medical lead as in claim 8 further comprising a second wire, wherein the second wire is electrically connected to the first electrode.
10. An implantable medical lead as in claim 6 or 7, wherein the first and second electrode nodes each further comprise a mesh adjacent one or more of the respective electrode and pad.
11. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1 , wherein the deformable sigma segment comprises a sine wave form.
12. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1, wherein the deformable sigma segment comprises a half sine wave form.
13. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1, wherein the deformable sigma segment comprises a square wave form.
14. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1 , wherein the first wire is stiff.
15. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1 , wherein the first wire is flaccid.
16. An implantable medical lead as in claim 1 or 2, wherein the first electrode node further comprises a cylindrical lumen, and the second electrode node further comprises a terminal stop, and wherein the medical lead further comprises a stylet having a terminal end, the stylet capable of being removably extended through the cylindrical lumen, and the terminal end of the stylet capable of contacting the terminal stop.
17. An implantable medical lead comprising: at least first and second electrode nodes each comprising an electrode; and elastic means for movably connecting the first electrode node to the second electrode node wherein one of the first and second electrode nodes may be moved relative to the other of the first and second electrode nodes.
EP0612538A3 (en) * 1993-02-22 1995-04-05 Cardiac Pacemakers Inc Metallized, implantable cardiac electrode.


This documentary explores possibility that real UFOs exist but none of them are extraterrestrial. Instead they are secret military projects.
The F-117A's first flight was in 1981, and it achieved initial operating capability status in October 1983. The F-117A was "acknowledged" and revealed to the world in November 1988. This means it was a "top secret" project for at least 5 years.
Go to the limits of human experience and beyond. From the fringes of the galaxy to our own backyards, the UFO FILES searches for evidence of life beyond our world. Tracing the long, convoluted history of UFO encounters and research, this unique series opens new windows into the controversial field. Ever since the military started using sophisticated airplanes, they have sought ways to build an aircraft that can fly undetected, maneuver like a helicopter and fly like a jet. The Nazists were the first to pursue the idea of building a disc-shaped aircraft. After the war, the Americans, Canadians and Russians all were able to build aircraft similar to the German prototype, perhaps based on the concepts smuggled out by German engineers. This episode looks at top secret flying saucer designs of the Air Force, with specific dates, times and locales of flights that may point to the real explanation behind the many UFO sightings beginning in 1947, and why the saucer design was abandoned for stealth technology.


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I'm Training for My First Marathon — Here's the Advice Olympic Runner Molly Seidel Gave Me
Team USA's Molly Seidel will run each mile at the Tokyo Games about 3 minutes faster than I (ever) will, but there's more similarities between pro and hobby runners than you might think
Julie Mazziotta
Julie Mazziotta is the Sports Editor at PEOPLE, covering everything from the NFL to tennis to Simone Biles and Tom Brady. She was previously an Associate Editor for the Health vertical for six years, and prior to joining PEOPLE worked at Health Magazine. When not covering professional athletes, Julie spends her time as a (very) amateur athlete, training for marathons, long bike trips and hikes.
Published on August 6, 2021 02:27 PM
Molly Seidel. Photo: Kevin C. Cox/Getty
On Saturday, Molly Seidel, Aliphine Tuliamuk and Sally Kipyego will toe the line in Sapporo, Japan for the Olympic marathon race. Over the 26.2 miles, they'll race as three of the best in the world at a pace of around 5:30 minutes per mile, likely finishing the course in under two and a half hours.
Two months later, I'll toe the start line (er…eventually cross the start line with the rest of the non-elite runners) of the Chicago Marathon, hopefully running at about an 8:30 minute per mile pace to meet my goal of finishing in under four hours.
This will be my first marathon, and I'm training for it with the help of a coach from Nike (shoutout to the amazing Jes Woods). In the first five weeks of training, I've run a 3k time trial to figure out my paces, looped around the local high school track for speed workouts and played mind games with myself to get through double-digit long runs during a humid east coast summer.
So while our running times (and abilities) are vastly different, much of what the Olympians do to train and race apply to a hobby runner like me — and before she left for Japan, Seidel shared her advice for first-time marathoners.
First-Time Olympic Marathoner Molly Seidel Is Optimistic About Tokyo Games, 'Embracing the Chaos'
One of the main things I need to figure out ahead of Oct. 10 is how to stay hydrated and energized through all 26.2 miles. I've run eight half marathons and it's something I've always struggled with — once I even tried adding an electrolyte tablet to my water for the first time on the morning of one race and ended up in the medical tent once I crossed the finish line. Luckily, Seidel had some suggestions for exactly that.
"The biggest thing is proper nutrition during the race," she says. "That was something I didn't fully understand before going into the marathon Olympic trials, and I actually bonked [in runner speak — ran out of gas] in the last six miles of that race."
Seidel recommends gels — a drinkable syrup packed with carbohydrates — to keep runners at their best through the lengthy run. She's a fan of the brand Maurten's because it's "really easy on my stomach."
RELATED VIDEO: Kendra Harrison on Repping Team USA with BFF Jenna Prandini: 'Not a Lot of People Can Say That'
"It was literally night and day" Seidel says, when she compares her lackluster fueling at the Olympic trials in March 2020 to that of the London Marathon that fall. "I felt so much better."
"The rule of thumb for me is generally 40 to 50 grams of carbs per hour, which sounds like a lot, but once you're in the race, your body really wants it," she adds. "Even if you're feeling good early in the race and you're like, 'I don't want to take a gel at 5k or 10k' — take that nutrition early, because at the end of the race your body is going to need it. Fuel early and fuel often."
Seidel also has some important advice to make that post-race shower as painless as possible: "Body glide, lots of body glide, to avoid chafing."
To learn more about Team USA, visit TeamUSA.org. Watch the Tokyo Olympics now on NBC.
She Just Ran Her Third Marathon Ever and Won a Bronze Medal: 'Man, I Love This Race'
Parents Say Child Protective Services Visited Them After Backlash Over Completing Marathon with Son, 6
From a Ski Accident to Running a Half Marathon — How One PEOPLE Staffer Conquered Her Injury
I Walked During My First Marathon — but Hey, Olympian Shalane Flanagan Said I Could!
Olympic Marathoner Molly Seidel Has a Tidy Pre-Race Regimen — She Folds Her Clothes!
Stars Who've Run the New York City Marathon
After Struggling Through My Long Training Runs for the Chicago Marathon, I Asked 2 Coaches for Help
Olympian Jessie Diggins on Pushing Through 'Painful' and 'Hard' Food Poisoning to Win Silver Medal
Kenyan Runners Benson Kipruto and Diana Kipyokei Become First-Time Winners at 125th Boston Marathon
Mikaela Shiffrin Skis Out of Second Beijing Race, Doesn't Advance to Slalom Final
Chelsea Clinton Celebrates with Her Parents Bill and Hillary After Completing N.Y.C. Marathon
U.S. Olympian Collapses at the Finish Line in Dramatic Race End as He Wins Bronze
Danica Patrick, Chris Nikic and More Notable Stars and Athletes Running the 2021 Boston Marathon
Zac Clark Says His N.Y.C. Marathon Goal Is Getting Fiancée Tayshia Adams 'Across the Finish Line'
Tokyo Summer Olympics: All the Firsts at the 2020 Games


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Gang kicked then drowned waiter in boozy punch-up'
A GANG of Nepali thugs kicked a waiter senseless and drowned him in the Thames following a booze-fuelled punch-up on board a floating bar, a court heard.
Bishal Gurung, 23, had been celebrating the Nepalese New Year when he was wrongly accused of hitting 20-year-old Kemik Thakali with a bottle the Old Bailey heard on Monday.
The victim fled along the Thames Embankment, but was 'chased down' by a furious mob, forced to the ground and kicked repeatedly in the head, on April 13 last year, jurors were told.
Kemik and his friends Rocky, 21, and Arjun Gurung, who is not related to the victim, allegedly picked him up and dumped him in the freezing river where he drowned.
His body was only found two weeks later, when it floated to the surface nearby and was spotted by a member of the public.
Prosecuting Jonathon Laidlaw said: "The tide was in flood coming into London, and the height of the water where he went into the Thames was 4.2m, 15 or 16 feet deep, running at four knots.
"Survival prospects in the Thames at that time of year are poor.
"Bishal wouldn't have survived for more than 15 minutes, and any impairment of consciousness or drunkenness would reduce that time still further."
Algae found in his lungs showed that he had still been alive when he was thrown into the river, and the cause of death was identified as drowning.
The attackers calmly went home by bus and taxi. The following day Kemik went to hospital for treatment for his head wound, claiming to have fallen over while drunk.
An hour after the murder, a member of the public called police to report the attack, but no crime scene was set up because the body was not found for two weeks, the court heard.
By the time the murder investigation began it was impossible to gather forensic evidence as the route of the London Marathon ran directly along the stretch of river where the murder took place, and spectators had disturbed the scene.
Rocky Gurung, of Haig Place, Morden, and Kemik Thakali, 20, of Legion Court, Morden, deny murder.
They are on trial with Missan Gurung, 25, of Felixstowe Rd, Abbey Wood, Roman Thapa, 21, of Balgowan St, Plumstead, Sushant Gurung, 22, of Halesowen Rd, Morden, and Lav Gurung, 21, of Princes Road, Feltham, who all deny murder and violent disorder.
Jurors were told that Arjun Gurung fled to Nepal after the murder and has not yet been returned to this country.
The trial continues.


Enjoy the whole bundle of fantastic songs including "Champion" ringtone!
The praise that has been the fortune of Kanye West over the past several years, since the release of his debut album in 2004, through his following album and over his many collaborated efforts with all the top hip hop artists around, has been outstanding. Kanye West, behind him an album that reached the top of the charts (Late Registration) and two number one singles (Slow Jamz and Gold Digger).


We are proud of the work that we do, and wouldn't be successful without our awesome network of suppliers and distributors. If you're interested in being a part of our ever-growing business, don't hesitate to get in touch.
Flextech is always interested to explore new and exciting distributor partnerships to grow our community of reputable hose suppliers. No matter where you are in the world nor the size of your business, tell us your ideas!
Flextech is always interested in exploring new and exciting supplier partnerships to increase and develop our range of hose solutions. Competitive prices, premium service levels and terms are are equally important to us and we'd love to explore the possibility of working with you.


538. The "factor count" of an integer n greater than 1 is the number of distinct prime factors of n. For example, the factor count of 36 is 2, since 2 and 3 are the distinct prime factors of 36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3. For which of the following integers is the factor count greatest?
539. If a is to be chosen at random from the integers between 1 to 5, inclusive, and b is to be chosen at random from the integers between 6 and 10, inclusive, what is the probability that a + b will be even?


This week's video tour brings us to 30 Plumwood Road in Briarcliff Manor.
Beautiful views of the Trump National Golf Course distinguish this impressive 2000-built Colonial. Designed for a sophisticated lifestyle, 30 Plumwood includes gracious formal rooms, a tour de force kitchen, a two-story family room and a spacious recreation room. Noted architect Barry Goewey employed a fresh, modern design throughout the expansive home, which is enhanced by equally impressive outdoor spaces. A mahogany porch, a stone terrace with an outdoor barbecue and a stunning pool with a spa add further allure to this peaceful and private setting, located in one of Briarcliff Manor's most convenient locales.
For more information on 30 Plumwood Road or other Briarcliff Manor homes for sale, please visit us at www.houlihanlawrence.com.


On the weekend of April 6th, Saint Louis University's military drill team, Parks Guard, attended the 60th annual National Military Excellence Competition at Villanova University in Pennsylvania. The team competed in the two-man trick drill against nine other top universities including Rutgers, Penn State, Michigan State and the Naval Academy. The two newest members, Colleen Corcoran ('22) and John Leede ('21), won the second place trophy. The pair of Air Force ROTC Cadets practiced their routine for more than 60 hours. They showed discipline and dedication for their amazing feat and plan to do even better in the future. The drill team and Saint Louis University is very proud of them. Congrats Parks Guard!


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More female writers, producers needed for television
It's hard for me to watch as much TV as I do. I get through around four hours of TV a day in some form, whether it's watching live, Netflix or Hulu, and I care immensely about the medium. I watch trends in the medium, pay attention to repeating tropes and watch as much HGTV as I do Spike. It's frightening.
For those who aren't as tuned in as someone who spends most of his day staring at glowing rectangles, we're getting into the dubious time of pilot seasons. These are the days where networks trot out whatever long gestating, generally flawed series of inane plot points they've been sitting on and shove them down our collective throats through advertising rushes and pop-up ads that make me wonder just why Whitney Cummings has such a big mouth.
Versus last seasons pairing of ambitious failures like Lone Star, fatty-fall-down-make-funny sitcoms like Mike and Molly and dull, plodding stereotypical procedurals like Chase, this year is surprisingly focused on producing a bunch of shows in the same theme. 2011 is strangely focused on sassy girls, whether they were broke, sassy, really sassy or vaguely twee.
There's been a persistent problem in television of a lack of female writers and producers in the medium. According to the Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film, the number of women writing television has dropped from 35 percent in the 2006-2007 season to a mere 15 percent in 2010.
It's a rough but understandable drop off. For almost entirely white-male network chairmen, men in their early 20s are the primary market to shoot for. They see men as consumers willing to spend their disposable income most likely on high-profit-low-cost items like movies, snacks, video games and events. It's an easy product to sell, but they require programming to draw males in to advertise to them and, as such, more programming targeted to that very specific demographic is required.
So spring's raunchy comedies in the vein of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia and most of Adult Swim's programming blocks are given green lights simply because they're drawing a very marketable demographic. The problem is cyclical, more males are needed to write the marketable shows, moving shows written and conceived by women off the docket.
This year features pilots focused on women such as 2 Broke Girls, New Girl, Whitney, Pan Am, and The Playboy Club. While only a few have been made available for view, there's some promise, and it's nice to see a rising female comedian receive her own show in the form of Whitney. It's a shame that the pilot is nothing but sub-Two and a Half Men level raunchiness and awkwardly forced emotional moments with a less than stellar cast.
With the success of this summer's "Bridesmaids," I would think network executives would see the demand for female dominated entertainment with crossover appeal. Unfortunately, what we still receive is rarely thoughtful, rarely considered and rarely inspired in its treatment of female characters or women in the writers room. Until we've got that, I guess we're stuck with having to deal with inequality in Hollywood and its fiction.


The College at Brockport's education programs have partnered with the East Irondequoit CSD since 2008 to provide field experience and student teaching placements for our teacher candidates.
In addition to working with School-based Teacher Educators (SBTEs) in the classrooms, teacher candidates have been learning about and participating in the Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) program, providing tutoring to students in the district, with a program goal of those students attending college after graduation from high school. Many of the AVID tutors are offered paid tutoring positions after completing their field experience.
In addition to making mutually beneficial field experience and student teaching placements, the East Irondequoit CSD district personnel meet with Field Experience Office staff and EHD department faculty to determine needs for the AVID program. Teacher candidate orientations are held both on the College at Brockport campus and at the East Irondequoit school district. East Irondequoit Middle School students have made a field trip to The College at Brockport for the past three years to learn more about options for college, as well as campus life. The students visit EDI classrooms, hear from ROTC members, have lunch in the Union, and tour campus.
In addition to the required field experience and student teaching assessments, which are delivered via and stored in Tk20, an online survey is sent to each AVID participant at the end of each semester, to help gauge the necessity and effectiveness of participation in the AVID program, how it is managed, and the benefits for the teacher candidate.
In March, 2016, a school district administrator will participate in a mock interview panel as part of our Student Teaching Conference for current student teaching candidates.
A video of the AVID program was produced by David Yates, EI, spring 2015.


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Hacking Humans Goes to the Movies
Ep 3 | 12.22.21
Conmen come in many flavors, all motivated by greed.
(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "DIRTY ROTTEN SCOUNDRELS")
Steve Martin: (As Freddy Benson) I'll have a double turkey sandwich on white, a side order of fries, one of those large knackwursts, three bags of potato chips, a chocolate milk and two beers. Why don't you have a beer? Three beers.
Dave Bittner: Hello, everyone. And welcome to another special edition of the "Hacking Humans" podcast, an occasional series we are calling "Hacking Humans Goes to the Movies." I'm Dave Bittner from the CyberWire. And joining me, as always, is my "Hacking Humans" co-host Joe Carrigan from the Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute. Hello, Joe.
Joe Carrigan: Hi, Dave.
Dave Bittner: On this show, Joe and I look at clips from some of our favorite movies, clips which demonstrate some of the scams and schemes we talk about on "Hacking Humans." And joining us once again this week is my colleague Rick Howard, the CyberWire's chief security officer and chief analyst. Hello, Rick.
Rick Howard: Hey, guys. Glad to be here again.
Dave Bittner: We got some fun clips to share, so stay tuned. We'll be right back after this message from our show sponsor.
Dave Bittner: All right, gents, once again, we've got some great clips to share this week. I'm going to start things off for us this week. My clip comes from the movie "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels" - 1988 American comedy film. This was directed by Frank Oz, starring Steve Martin, Michael Caine and Glenne Headly. And the film is the story of a pair of con men, and they are competing to swindle an heiress out of $50,000. And Michael Caine plays a character named Lawrence Jamieson. He's a very educated and suave man about town, and his general scam that he runs is he goes around bilking rich women out of their money.
Joe Carrigan: As you do (laughter).
Dave Bittner: And Steve Martin...
Dave Bittner: As you do, right? It's what I aspire to. I always - my wife loves it when I say, you know, honey, if ever - if anything ever happens to you, my next bet is going to be on an heiress.
Dave Bittner: She just loves it when I say that.
Joe Carrigan: Yes. If anything should happen to you, say, next Tuesday...
Dave Bittner: Right. Now, on the other hand, Steve Martin plays a small-time grifter. He's an American rival. And his character's name is Freddy Benson. And the whole movie takes place on the French Riviera. If you haven't seen it, it is a fun, fun, funny movie.
Joe Carrigan: It's one of my favorites, actually.
Dave Bittner: Yeah (laughter). It's a really good one. So do check it out. But this particular scene takes place in the dining car of a train. Steve Martin is sitting down to a very neatly set table with a woman who he does not know very well, if he knows her at all. Perhaps, you know, they're acquaintances on the train. I don't remember the specifics from the film. But, you know, they're not friends or anything ahead of time. And Michael Caine is at a nearby table watching the goings-on between Steve Martin's character and this woman that he sits down with for dinner. So here's the clip from "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels."
Andre Penvern: (As Waiter on the Train) Good evening, sir. Would you like to see the menu?
Dave Bittner: It's the waiter.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy) Oh, yes. Starving, really starving.
Joe Carrigan: He looks very hungry.
Dave Bittner: He's got the menu, reacts like, oh, these prices are expensive.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy) Prices, oof. I think I'll just have some water.
Andre Penvern: (As Waiter on the Train) Water?
Rick Howard: (Laughter) Water.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy) Yes.
Dave Bittner: (Laughter) Waiter gives him a look of exasperation.
Nicole Calfan: (As Lady in Dining Car) Only water? But you seem so hungry.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy) I'm saving my money for something special - my mother.
Nicole Calfan: (As Lady in Dining Car) Your mother?
Steve Martin: (As Freddy) Well, she's not really my mother, actually. She's my grandmother, but she raised me. My real parents didn't want me.
Nicole Calfan: (As Lady in Dining Car) Oh, I'm sorry.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy Benson) But my grandmother is a wonderful woman. She has a laugh that can make the birds sing. But she's been quite ill lately, and the hospital bills have been adding up. I just want to do my share. It's kind of tough for me because I was never very good with money. I just seem to take whatever the Red Cross pays me and I just give it right back to them.
Joe Carrigan: I'm so moral.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy Benson) I am going to help my Gram-Gram. She is the one who taught me it is better to be truthful and good than to not.
Rick Howard: Words of wisdom there.
Dave Bittner: Right. Yeah. And Michael Caine is hearing all of this and is unimpressed.
Nicole Calfan: (As Lady in Dining Car) Waiter.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy Benson) What are you doing?
Nicole Calfan: (As Lady in Dining Car) Waiter, give this man whatever he wants.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy Benson) Oh, I can't let you buy me a meal.
Nicole Calfan: (As Lady in Dining Car) Nonsense.
Steve Martin: (As Freddy Benson) I'll have a double turkey sandwich on white, a side order of fries, one of those large knockwurst, three bags of potato chips, a chocolate milk and two beers. Why don't you have a beer? Three beers.
Dave Bittner: All right.
Joe Carrigan: So Steve Martin at his best in this movie. This is - I'm a big fan of Steve Martin. I love - I've been a fan of him since I was a kid. I have never seen anything he's done that I haven't laughed at.
Joe Carrigan: And this is just great because he actually is playing a pretty bad con man in this movie.
Joe Carrigan: And it's interesting how he - you know, everybody - the whole point of this con - or of this scene is this is an obvious con and this woman falls for it.
Joe Carrigan: And it worked for him.
Joe Carrigan: Right?
Dave Bittner: Right. Well, before - let's talk about the con itself. So I think it's fairly self-evident, but I think it's worth touching on some of the specifics of the con. So what do we have going on here?
Joe Carrigan: The first thing that happens is he comes in and he expresses how hungry he is, right? Ooh, can't wait to eat something.
Joe Carrigan: And that is audible to the woman. And then that's - she is the intended audience of that pretext, if you will.
Joe Carrigan: And then he looks at the prices and he - ooh, I can't afford this. I'll just have the water, right? So he says that he's hungry, then he looks at the prices and says, I can't have the water and then - or I'll have the water, meaning I can't afford this stuff. And, of course, that opens up the door for this woman to come in and say, I thought you were hungry. And so that makes it seem to her like this was her idea, right? But it's not. She's actually being played here. And he then lays on this story that she, of course, then buys and buys him lunch. And that's the objective of the con is just for her to - or for - yeah, for Steve Martin's character, Freddy Benson, to get this woman to buy him lunch.
Dave Bittner: Right. To get a free meal. Yeah (laughter).
Joe Carrigan: Now, Dave, you and I have often said that I'd rather be conned out of 20 bucks helping somebody who didn't need it than to let somebody go hungry, right?
Dave Bittner: Right. Sure.
Joe Carrigan: So, you know, this is not a big score for this - for Freddy. But it does raise the interest of Michael Caine's character.
Dave Bittner: Yeah. Rick, what do you bring - take away from this one?
Rick Howard: I love the way that he is slow and methodical and moral and good. And then when he finally gets what he wants, he just rattles off the menu item and there's, like, 20 things that he was ready to go with, right?
Dave Bittner: Right. Right. Right. Right. He knew what he wanted. And he's not just ordering for this meal. He's taking home - he's ordering lunch for tomorrow as well.
Joe Carrigan: Right.
Joe Carrigan: And he's grabbing two beers.
Dave Bittner: Yeah. Yeah, a couple of beers. I like the way he drops in there that he works for the Red Cross.
Dave Bittner: But he gives all the money back that he makes. He just gives it right back, so he's such a...
Rick Howard: Right back to them. Yeah.
Dave Bittner: Yeah. Yeah. And then he says the lesson he learned from his grandmother is it's best to be honest and true. And she just - and as Joe pointed out, that's part of what they're doing here is setting up his character as being a bad con man. He does not have the level of sophistication that Michael Caine's character does.
Joe Carrigan: Right. And as such, his payouts are nowhere near the payouts that Michael Caine's character gets.
Dave Bittner: Right. Right.
Rick Howard: Yeah. I was going to say, this is not - I mean, this is right on the edge of being a con versus just begging, all right. So, you know, there's...
Rick Howard: (Laughter).
Dave Bittner: Yeah. That's interesting, I mean, because he could have just said, hey, I'm hard on my luck here. Would you mind buying me a meal?
Rick Howard: Yeah.
Dave Bittner: But - I don't know. I guess he feels as though he has better success with this.
Dave Bittner: And it allows him to be a little greedier, too. Yeah. It's a fun one. And this - like I said, if you have not seen "Dirty Rotten Scoundrels," it's a real treat. It's a great movie. And you will definitely enjoy it. This is just the beginning of some of the things that Steve Martin and Michael Caine do together. And they are a great pairing...
Joe Carrigan: It is.
Dave Bittner: ...And also compared with - also paired up with Frank Oz, who I think - he's a good director for this sort of material.
Joe Carrigan: Yeah. It's a great movie. I recommend it as well.
Dave Bittner: Yeah. All right. Well, let's move on to Rick's clip. Rick, you have our second clip this week. What do you have for us?
Rick Howard: Yeah. This one's a little bit complicated, so I had to do some pre-work on it. So, Dave, just kind of roll the clip, and we'll talk about it afterwards.
(SOUNDBITE OF SCOTT JOPLIN'S "THE ENTERTAINER")
Rick Howard: My movie this week is the 1974 movie "The Sting," starring Paul Newman, probably most famous for "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" and "The Color of Money," where he won an Academy Award...
Rick Howard: ...And Robert Redford, who was Paul Newman's co-star in "Butch Cassidy," but probably best known to our audience as the star of one of my favorite hacker movies, "Sneakers."
Rick Howard: In this scene, we have four characters - the mark, the guy the con-man team is trying to steal the money from, the fake thief, the fake victim and Robert Redford. It's 1936 in Chicago, and the clip starts with the mark walking past an alley, and he hears the fake victim screaming at the other end that somebody has stolen his wallet.
(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "THE STING")
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Hey, you there, stop. Hey, you, stop that man. Stop him. Stop him. He's got my wallet.
Rick Howard: The mark sees the fake thief running towards him with the wallet. And then Robert Redford just happens to walk by and jumps in to trip up the thief, who then drops the wallet.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Stop him. Stop him.
(SOUNDBITE OF STRUGGLE)
Rick Howard: The thief runs away, and the mark picks up the wallet from the alley. The fake victim collapses on the ground, and both Redford and mark run over to assist. Redford tells the mark that the fake thief knifed the fake victim in the leg and wants to call a cop. But the victim says, no cops.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Got my wallet.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) We got it.
(SOUNDBITE OF FOOTSTEPS)
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) What happened?
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Give it to me, please.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Get you with the knife? You sit tight, old man. You need a doctor. I'll call a cop.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) No, no. No, no cops.
Rick Howard: And he makes sure to flash a big stash of cash from the wallet so that the mark can see it.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) You wanted by the law or something?
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) No, it's OK.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Are you nuts, carrying a weight around like that in a neighborhood like this? No wonder you got hit.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Thanks.
Rick Howard: The fake victim can't get up because of the fake knife would and then admits that he is a money mule for underground gambling. And he has to deliver the money by 4 p.m., just a few minutes away, or the mob is going to hurt him.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) I'm obliged to you. I got to get going. Ah.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) You ain't going nowhere on this leg. Let me see.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) I got to. I run some slots down in West Bend for a mob here. I got a little behind in the payoffs. So they figure I been holding out on 'em. They gave me till 4 to come up with the cash. They don't get it, I'm dead.
Rick Howard: He then offers Redford and mark a hundred dollars to deliver it for him.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) It don't look good, Gramps. It's almost 4 now.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) I'll give you and your friend a hundred bucks to deliver it for me.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) I don't know. That mug that hit you is mad enough at me already. Well, what if he's around a corner waiting with some friends?
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) He won't know you're carrying it. Come on. You got to help me out.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Hey, I'm sorry, pal. I'm going to maybe help you get fixed up, get to a doctor. But I ain't about to walk into no knife for you.
Rick Howard: Redford begs off. He doesn't want to get involved, but the mark takes him up on it. The fake victim gives the mark $5,000 in cash in an envelope, plus a hundred-dollar bill for his troubles.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) How about you? All you got to do is put it in the door slot. I'll give you the whole hundred.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Hey, what makes you think you can trust him? He didn't do shit.
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) Hey, butt out, chicken liver. I gave him back the wallet, didn't I? How far is this place?
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) 1811 Mason. Put it in box 3C.
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) 3C.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) You won't have no trouble. There's $5,000 there, and here's a hundred bucks for you.
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) OK, old man, I'll make your drop for you. And don't worry. You can trust me.
Rick Howard: Redford tells the mark that he needs to hide all of that money or he is likely to get stolen from him, too. And then he shows him how to hide the money, plus all of the mark's personal cash, in a handkerchief stuffed in his pants. The fake victim keeps ramping up the pressure by telling them to go faster.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) If those goons decide to search you, you ain't going to get far carrying it there.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) What'll we do?
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) You got a bag or something? How 'bout a handkerchief?
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Here's a handkerchief.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Here. Give it to me. Give me the money.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Just hurry, will you?
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) You got any more? Better give it all to me if you want to keep it.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) They think I've been holding out on 'em. My wife got sick, and I had to pay the bill. I wasn't holding out on 'em.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Stuff it down your pants here...
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) I always been good for the money before.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) ...Like that. Got it?
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) Yeah.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) But this time they gave me a deadline. Hurry, will you?
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Ain't a tough guy in the world that's going to frisk you there.
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) Thanks.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Yeah.
Rick Howard: And then the mark runs off with the handkerchief stuffed down his pants and gets into a cab. Later, when he checks the package to count the money, he sees that all he has is a package of tissue paper. Redford had switched the real money with the package of tissues when he stuffed it down the mark's pants - the $5,000, the $100 bill, plus all the mark's money.
Jack Griffin: (As Cab Driver) Where to?
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) Which way is Mason?
Jack Griffin: (As Cab Driver) Twenty blocks south.
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) OK. Go north - Joliet Station - fast.
Jack Griffin: (As Cab Driver) Right.
James Sloyan: (As Mottola, laughter).
Jack Griffin: (As Cab Driver) What's so funny?
James Sloyan: (As Mottola) I just made the world's easiest five grand.
Rick Howard: With the mark gone, the fake victim and Redford run away.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Come on, Luther.
Robert Earl Jones: (As Luther Coleman) Hold on, man. I'm fading.
Robert Redford: (As Johnny Hooker) Come on. Hustle.
Dave Bittner: All right. Well, that - wow. There's a lot going on there, Rick. And I have to say, I'm glad that you had your interjections there to kind of make sense 'cause it happens quickly.
Rick Howard: It does. And there's - like you said, there's lots of moving parts in the - the first one I want to point out is, there were three members of the con team. You only...
Rick Howard: ...See, really, two of them. But the thief, you know, the one that took the wallet from - the first place, he's in and out quickly. So that's a third guy of the team that we don't hear anything about during the whole clip.
Dave Bittner: Yeah. So just - because it all happened so quickly, let's just review and describe exactly what is the scam here?
Rick Howard: So, Joe, I'm going to defer to you on the proper name. I think it's called a pigeon drop, OK? But I'm not sure about that. What...
Joe Carrigan: I don't think that's a pigeon drop. I think it's something else. But, yeah, go ahead.
Rick Howard: All right. So here's what they do. It's basically, they identify a victim. They flash a bunch of cash around and say, please help me deliver this, and we'll pay you extra cash. And then they do an elaborate magic trick where they stick the money down the guy's pants but in the process switches out the real money - all right? - with a bag of tissue that the guy thinks is the real money. But in the process, when they do the switch, they get his cash also, right? It's an elaborate setup for something that probably isn't a big payoff.
Dave Bittner: So it's really - essentially, they're using all of this as misdirection to be able to pick his pocket.
Rick Howard: Exactly, right? And...
Joe Carrigan: Yeah. Well, he...
Rick Howard: ...The entire movie is all those kinds of things, right? And the - in fact, if you want to look at "The Sting," the big con for the movie is they try to do something like that at a very large scale. But they add another twist to it, that the mark walks away and doesn't know that they've - that he's been conned, right? So it's another tricky piece, right? So absolutely go look at this movie. It's really long, but really good - and all kinds of famous actors that you've seen in millions of movies. So I highly recommend it.
Dave Bittner: Yeah. Joe, any other thoughts on this one?
Joe Carrigan: I like - one of the - one of my thoughts on this. I was - as we were listening and watching the clip, it's interesting that they - that the writers and directors of the movie, the - you know, the production company, they make the guy at the end a bad guy, right? They say, ha, ha, he - or he says, ha, ha, I just made my - the easiest five grand I've ever made. Screw that guy. He can get shot by the mob. And then you don't feel so bad for him, right?
Dave Bittner: Right, right. But it also - it points out that he, like everyone, is easily motivated by greed...
Dave Bittner: ...Right? He - part of why he goes along with it is that in the back of his mind, he's thinking, I'm not just going to make 100 bucks here. I'm going to make 5,100 bucks here.
Joe Carrigan: Right. Yeah, I don't know. I don't know how I'd sleep with myself at night knowing somebody got whacked because I didn't drop off - I mean...
Dave Bittner: (Laughter) Right, right.
Rick Howard: Well, I want to bring out another element here, too. It's all happening in real time. This opportunity presents itself to the mark, and then the fake victim does his best to apply pressure by keep saying, you got to go now, you got to go faster, please go now. Please...
Dave Bittner: Yeah, yeah.
Rick Howard: ...Why are you doing so - it leaves the guy no time to think, and it...
Joe Carrigan: Yep.
Rick Howard: ...Helps him make a bad decision.
Joe Carrigan: The old artificial...
Joe Carrigan: ...Time constraint.
Dave Bittner: The other thing that strikes me here is they stick this guy in a cab and send him on his way. So no matter what, they've got a head start on getting away from him, making a run for it because even if he's only just a half-mile down the road...
Dave Bittner: ...The time it's going to take him to tell the cabbie to - hey, stop, turn around, whatever, chances are, our scammers are long gone.
Rick Howard: And I think that's part of the scam, too, 'cause if we - the con is built so that the mark wants to get away quickly. So, you know...
Rick Howard: They've - and so that's built into the whole thing.
Dave Bittner: Yeah, absolutely. All right, guys. Good clips today. Lots of fun. We would love to hear from you out there in our audience. If there is a movie clip you would like us to watch here on our "Hacking Humans Goes to the Movies" specials, you can email us. It's hackinghumans@thecyberwire.com.
Dave Bittner: Our thanks to the Johns Hopkins University Information Security Institute for their participation. You can learn more at isi.jhu.edu. The "Hacking Humans" podcast is proudly produced in Maryland at the startup studios of DataTribe, where they're co-building the next generation of cybersecurity teams and technologies. Our senior producer is Jennifer Eiben. Our executive editor is Peter Kilpe. I'm Dave Bittner.
Joe Carrigan: I'm Joe Carrigan.
Rick Howard: And I'm Rick Howard.
Dave Bittner: Thanks for listening.
Rick Howard is CSO, Chief Analyst, and Senior Fellow at the CyberWire. Past lives include CSO at Palo Alto Networks, TASC, iDefense GM, Counterpane SOC Director, and the Army's Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) Commander. Rick served 25 years in the Army, taught computer science at West Point, and edited two books. Rick is regularly joined by the CyberWire's Hash Table experts.
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Home / ARTSHOTS /
Famous Buildings Modern Architeture
5 Most Famous Louis Kahn Buildings
Several famous architects have been recorded in our history books, and all have left behind their works for the world to admire for years to come.
One such architect, with his distinctive style of using heavy brick and concrete work against lighter surfaces (like glass), is Ar. Louis Kahn.
Note: Keep in mind the statement mentioned above, and recognize this approach in his work.
Most of us might have heard of him, but not know a lot about him or his work.
In India, largely associated with designing the IIM Ahmedabad campus, Ar. Louis Kahn was one of the master builders of the twentieth century. He is also known as a major contributor to the modernist architecture movement.
Kahn's Childhood
Born Louis Isadore Kahn, he had a certain connection with arts that continued for a lifetime. Excelling in art and music at a young age, he achieved various school level appreciations. At 19 years of age, Kahn won a scholarship to study architecture at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1924.
Early Years as an Architect
Beginnings are always tough. Kahn worked for a couple of architectural practices in Philadelphia before moving on to establishing his own firm in 1953. It was during this time that he began perceiving the urban regeneration process in post-war America as a way to explore the correlation between city planning and architecture.
Amalgamation of Architecture and Community
Kahn designed spaces for the community, using forms that would encourage using architecture as a way of life and create a dialogue between people. His ideas also show the importance he gave to creating a link between nature and design.
Kahn as a Teacher
In all the years that Kahn was an architect, he was a teacher to the many students at Yale School of Architecture, was a visiting lecturer at Princeton University, earned a fellowship to the American Academy in Rome, and was a well-respected professor at the School of Design, University of Pennsylvania. He continued to teach here, until his demise in 1974.
Kahn's Peculiar Style
During the first decades of modern architecture, the 1920's and 30's, a style known as the International Style emerged. Kahn renounced this style which was known to be open and lightweight. Instead, he became a pioneer in his own and new style of modern architecture. His appreciation towards mass and weight lead him to revive the use of monumental and symbolic style in architecture.
In picture: Phillips Exeter Academy Library, New Hampshire, USA
Talking about his Works
Kahn was the ultimate icon, in several ways. His designs were without a doubt modern, but also showed elements that were spiritual and archaic.
Yale University Art Gallery, 1951-53 (New Haven, Connecticut)
As we already know, Kahn began his teaching journey at Yale from 1947. And when he received his commission for the planning of the Yale University Art Gallery during his stay in Rome, it was no less than a life-changing achievement.
The design is meant to evoke different responses throughout the day by using brick and glass on the building's façade. Kahn's use of mass and void for this building creates a contrast between the brick walls and the steel-lined glass.
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 1959-65 (La Jolla, California)
The design brief given by Jonas Salk, who discovered the first polio vaccine, was to create a place where he could invite Picasso. Kahn designed a masterpiece, with two laboratory wings of six floors each, where service floors were sandwiched between lab floors. The residential facilities of this research institute were designed with Kahn's belief of 'wrapping ruins around buildings.'
Kimbell Art Museum, 1966-72 (Fort Worth, Texas)
Kahn's design idea for this museum was to have a park-like stepped setting. The introverted building has visitors follow walkways that are lined by trees in a grid formation. A distinct factor in the design was the use of natural light. The barrel-like structures have skylights atop each of them with aluminum reflectors. These let in diffused natural light creating an ambiance suitable for a museum.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, 1973-2012 (Roosevelt Island, New York)
The key elements that Kahn wanted to include in the park were (A) a room as the 'beginning of architecture' and (B) the garden as 'gathering nature.' The room went through various stages of design, and ultimately was built the way we see it today. Built with massive granite stones sheltering a bronze head of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban or National Parliament House, 1962-83 (Dhaka, Bangladesh)
The building was completed in 1983, after Kahn's demise, and is known as his magnum opus. While the building itself is modernist, its design is in accordance with the local architectural style and culture. The structure is made using poured in place concrete and white marble. It is this particular building where Kahn's special compositions, mastery of light, and formal vocabulary reached its climax.
Kahn believed in the positive effects of good lighting in a building, and it can be clearly seen in his designs.
Here's everything that you need to know about the relationship between good lighting and positivity.
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OK, I admit that might not be the most professional way to start an article about one of the most anticipated brewery events in Jacksonville (if not the state). It's been in planning for a few years, and it's been under construction for the past few months. If you follow the local craft beer scene, you're aware of the "big" move. In late August, INTUITION ALE WORKS formally announced September 6 as the day it will open the doors of its new downtown Jacksonville brewery, tap room and rooftop beer garden at 929 E. Bay Street to the public.
Yesterday, September 4, Intuition invited its Mug Club Members to the new venue for an afternoon preview, followed by a "soft" opening event in the evening for invited guests, friends and family. Reading between the lines in the written invitation, Tap Room Manager Riley Leuthold could hardly contain his excitement for the long-awaited day, as he extended the welcome for the first day of service in the new tap room. An event not to be missed!
View on entry from Bay St.
The decor is a mix of a trendy loft and industrial. There's a large wraparound bar just beyond the merchandise kiosk on the right side as you enter from Bay Street. Lots of tables and chairs and standing room -- the place is big, with space to move around.
Just to your left, more tables and chairs with a large TV.
DUUUVALLLLL! Nice local touch there inspired by the Jaguars fan base.
And, I haven't really mentioned the bar yet (you guys ARE looking forward to the beer, right?). The downstairs bar (yes, you read that right ... the "downstairs" bar) has twenty taps.
For the soft opening, the bar featured the "usual" Intuition Ale Works suspects that the community has come to know and love: Jon Boat Golden Ale, Peoples Pale Ale, I-10 IPA, Easy on the Eyes Session IPA, King Street Stout, Riverside Red, First Coast Kolsch and Dark Star Milk Stout. Additional offerings included Abracadabra Sour Saison, SMASH IPA (Single Malt/Single Hop), Underdark (2015), and Peach Tres Brujas Tripel (aged in Wine barrels with Brett and peaches).
First Coast Kolsch: one of my favorites!
Dark Star Milk Stout: Roasty, chocolate, sweet.
I can't believe I hadn't had this original one before!
Turn to the other side of the facility, and, behind a glass partition, you'll see where the new brewhouse resides. The brand, spankin' new 30-barrel automated brewhouse is comprised of all new equipment. It may not stay this shiny and pristine once brewing operations begin in a few weeks, but cleanliness is always paramount in a brewery, and I think the crew is up to the task! For now, the brewing continues to take place on the 10-barrel Riverside brewhouse. Once brewing at the new location goes into full mode, the crew will still brew at the original brewhouse as well. I think Intuition may take over the entire Eastern Seaboard with all that capacity!
...will make lots of beer!
But, hey, we're not done yet on this tour. In about a month or so, the tap room will also feature a working kitchen from the highly-regarded Black Sheep Restaurant. That's right: you'll be able to complement all that great beer with culinary creations without having to leave. No word on the menu yet, but stay tuned!
And, stay with me here, because it's up to the rooftop we go. Yeah, that's right: upstairs, rooftop, beer garden..... In case you're wondering, yes, there's an elevator. The first thing you'll notice when you get there is the view of the adjacent Sports Complex, with EverBank Field looming in the background.
And, last but not least, you guessed it: there's another Black Sheep kitchen in place upstairs, too!
The "old" Intuition tap room in Riverside was a favorite of many in the Jacksonville area and beyond, and there were a number of social media posts lamenting the Riverside tap room's last day on August 27. Of course, that was a reason to party in its own right!
Intuition Ale Works will open the doors of its new place to the public at 1pm on September 6, and a new chapter will begin. Its hours will be 1pm-10pm Monday through Friday, and 11am-10pm on weekends. No rest for these guys, as they go to a full seven-days-a-week schedule. The tap room holds 750 patrons, and the brewery hired a number of extra hands to serve the beer and handle other functions. The new facility will definitely be a "destination" for locals and tourists alike. For a little more background info on the brewery, take a look at my earlier summary about the downtown Jax breweries here.
Pretty exciting stuff for Intuition Ale Works, the Jacksonville craft beer community, and the Florida beer community. One last thing, Intuition will be hosting its annual Oktoberfest celebration on Saturday, September 17, which is also the official kickoff of Jax Beer Week.... for a preview summary of Jax Beer Week, check out the "Making Headlines" page of this website. Oompah!


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Oak Mountain ends season with double-overtime loss at Vestavia Hills
Published 10:50 pm Thursday, February 17, 2011
There was no doubt walking into the Vestavia Hills High School basketball gym Feb. 17 that is was time for playoff basketball.
Baskets were hard to come by, intensity was on maximum effort and a stellar crowd was on hand to watch home-standing Vestavia Hills take on Oak Mountain in an Alabama High School Athletic Association Class 6A sub-region contest.
Oak Mountain put up a fight late in the fourth quarter to send it into overtime before falling to the Rebels 43-37 in a double-overtime affair in the sub-region contest.
Any doubt about the tenseness and tightness of the game was erased with one glance at the halftime score, which showed the Rebels holding a 15-6 lead at the break.
However, with Oak Mountain trailing by eight points in the fourth quarter, the Eagles started landing big shots.
Hannah Griffin hit two bombs from beyond the arc and Mackenzie Garmany hit a huge 3-pointer and then tied the game at 29-29 with two seconds left on a driving layup in traffic to send it into overtime.
The Eagles scored 16 points in the fourth quarter after mustering only 13 points in the first 24 minutes of the game.
The first overtime produced only one basket for each team, but Vestavia Hills proved too much after jumping to a quick six-point lead in the second overtime. The Eagles ran out of wind after playing with a five-man rotation for a majority of the game.
"Our girls fought their tails off," said Oak Mountain coach Donald Clayton. "They weren't quite ready to give it up. We hit some big shots."
Garmany led Oak Mountain (18-11) with a game-high 12 points in the season-ending loss.
Griffin finished with nine points on three 3-pointers.
Oak Mountain started the year with plenty of hope before seeing two starting post players go down in the middle of the year with injuries. Despite the adversity, the Eagles ended their season in the playoffs. Oak Mountain will lose only one senior starter, M.K. Shealy, off the playoff team heading into next season.
Clayton said the Eagles maximized their ability during the 2010-2011 season.
"We're really proud of what we accomplished," Clayton said. "We used every ability we had. We did some pretty incredible things this year."
Vincent falls to Ranburne in sub-region contest
By WESLEY HALLMAN / Sports Editor The Vincent High School girls' basketball team ended its season with a 59-35 loss... read more