text:
\section{Introduction}
Neutron irradiation is certainly not practical for improving the
properties of long length commercial superconductors, but a very
efficient tool for benchmarking and investigating flux pinning. It
helps understanding vortex physics \cite{Mei85,Wer00,Zeh04} and
limitations of the current flow \cite{Ton02,Eis06,Eis07}.
Efficient pinning centers are introduced, whose size perfectly
matches the coherence length of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$
(YBCO). They improve the critical currents, if the density of
defects was originally too small, but diminish them, if the total
defect concentration becomes too high. Although the resulting
defect structure is not perfectly well defined, since only the
density of the largest defects, the collision cascades, is known
\cite{Fri93} and many smaller defects of unknown density are
produced \cite{Sau98}, it is clearly established that all defects
are randomly distributed and uncorrelated, i.e., without a
preferred orientation. It is particularly interesting to study the
interplay of these defects with the correlated disorder usually
present in coated conductors or thin films
\cite{Fol07,Gut07,Che09}. In the present study, the effect of
neutron irratiation on commercial coated conductors was
investigated. Similarities and differences in differently produced
tapes will be presented in the following in order to provide a
comprehensive picture of neutron irradiation of this class of
materials. We do not aim at comparing the properties of the
unirradiated samples, since they were supplied at different times
and the rapid development during the past few years would not
allow a useful comparison between the different production routes.
The different stages of optimisation turned out to be the main
source of differences in the radiation response of the
investigated tapes.
\section{Experimental}
Three different types of commercial YBCO tapes were studied. The
first type of samples (denoted as MODRAB in the following) was
prepared by metal organic deposition (MOD) on a RABITS template.
The second series of samples (PLDYSZ) is based on an IBAD (ion
beam assisted deposition) YSZ (yttrium stabilized zirconia)
template. The superconducting layer was prepared by pulsed laser
deposition (PLD). The third series (MOCVDMgO) had IBAD MgO
templates with the YBCO layer made by metal organic chemical vapor
deposition (MOCVD). The MODRAB samples were irradiated to higher
fluences ($4\times 10^{21}$\,m$^{-2}$ and $10^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$)
than the PLDYSZ and MOCVDMgO samples ($2\times
10^{21}$\,m$^{-2}$). All samples were characterized by four probe
transport prior to and after irradiation by fast neutrons. The
transport measurements were made under helium gas flow up to
fields of 15\,T. The samples were measured in different fields and
temperatures and also rotated in the magnetic field under the
maximum Lorentz force configuration ($J\perp H$). The current was
continuously ramped until an abort criterion was reached. The
critical current was defined by the 1\,$\mu$Vcm$^{-1}$ criterion.
Indium pressed contacts are most suitable for our experiments
because of their low resistivity, reliability and removability,
which is important for the irradiation process.  The transition
temperature (\ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}) and the irreversibility lines were measured with
a constant current of 10\,mA, while the temperature was slowly
decreased at fixed applied fields. \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}\ and $T_\mathrm{irr}$ were
evaluated at 0.1\,$\mu$Vcm$^{-1}$. Only the data presented in
Figs.~\ref{fig:crossover} and ~\ref{fig:single_poly} were measured
in a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at 10\,K, while ramping
the field with 0.6\,T\,min$^{-1}$. All samples were checked by
magnetoscanning \cite{Fug07} to ensure homogeneous properties.

The samples were irradiated in the central irradiation facility of
the TRIGA MARK II reactor in Vienna at a power of 250\,kW
(thermal/fast neutron flux density: $6/7.6\times
10^{16}\,m^{-2}\,s^{-1}$). The samples were sealed into a quartz
tube to avoid contact between the samples and the cooling water in
the reactor. The quartz tubes were put into aluminium containers,
which were filled with water and placed at the correct irradiation
position. The temperature during irradiation did not exceed 60
$^\circ$C. All fluences refer to fast neutrons ($E>0.1$\,MeV), the
corresponding thermal neutron fluences ($E< 0.55$\,eV) were
smaller by a factor of 1.27 \cite{Web86}. Neutron irradiation
creates a wide spectrum of defects in the superconductor by
elastic collisions of the neutrons with the atoms. Depending on
the kinetic energy transferred from the neutron to the primary
recoil atom, point defects or larger defect structures appear. In
an avalanche like process a huge number of atoms can be displaced,
leading to local melting of the crystal lattice. The result is a
spherical region of amorphous material with a mean diameter of
about 3 to 6\,nm \cite{Fri93}. While fast neutrons ($E>0.1$\,MeV)
transfer sufficient energy to the primary recoil atom to produce
collision cascades, thermal neutrons ($E<0.55$\,eV) do not lead to
defects in the material because their energy is below the
displacement threshold. Epithermal neutrons (in the keV range)
lead to the formation of point defects and point defect clusters.
The density of collision cascades after irradiation to
$10^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$ is about\cite{Fri93} $5\times
10^{22}$\,m$^{-3}$, which corresponds to a mean distance between
two cascades of 27\,nm, the lattice parameter of the flux line
lattice at 3.2\,T.

\section{Results and Discussion}
\subsection{Transition Temperature}
The transition temperature of the MODRAB samples was 90.6\,K, of
the PLDYSZ 88.5\,K and of the MOCVDMgO 89.1\,K. Neutron
irradiation decreases the transition temperature, \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}, which is
ascribed to enhanced impurity scattering caused by the introduced
defects. Non-magnetic impurities do not reduce \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}\ in isotropic
s-wave superconductors, but in anisotropic and d-wave
superconductors \cite{Mil88,Rad93}. The effect is comparatively
small at the chosen fluences. We find a linear decrease with
neutron fluence by around $2\times10^{-22}$\,Km$^2$ (2 \,K at a
fluence of $10^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$), which is around half that found
in single crystals \cite{Sau91,Wer00}. The transitions normally do
not broaden after irradiation to these neutron fluences.
\subsection{Irreversibility line}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig1.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:IL}
  The irreversibility fields ($H\parallel c$) of the PLDYSZ and MOCVDMgO samples are nearly
  identical and higher than those of the MODRAB sample.
  All irreversibility lines become similar after neutron irradiaton, since only that of the MODRAB sample is changed significantly.}
\end{figure}
The irreversibility lines ($H\parallel c$) of the samples are
compared in Fig.~\ref{fig:IL}. The PLDYSZ and MOCVDMgO samples
behave almost identically, the irreversibility fields of the
MODRAB samples are lower (except near \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}), but shift close to the
values of the other samples after irradiation to
10$^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$. The latter do not change significantly in the
accessible field range, since the moderate decrease in \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}, which
somewhat decreases \ensuremath{B_\mathrm{irr}}\ at high temperatures, is counterbalanced
by a slight steepening of the irreversibility line. We note that
neutron irradiation cannot improve the irreversibility line of
state-of-the-art coated conductors and that all samples behave
similarly after irradiation. It seems that the MODRAB samples have
a comparatively low density of pinning efficient defects, which is
increased by the irradiation, thus enhancing \ensuremath{B_\mathrm{irr}}. The
irreversibility line becomes quite insensitive to the defect
concentration at high defect densities, which could indicate an
upper limit for \ensuremath{B_\mathrm{irr}} \cite{Fig06}.

The irradiation has no beneficial effect on the irreversibility
line for the other main field orientation ($H\parallel ab$) and we
observe no significant effect (MODRAB) or a slight degradation
(other samples). The variation of the intrinsic pinning potential
is on the length scale of the c-axis lattice parameter (equivalent
to a very high density of pinning centers) and presumably much
more efficient than the cascades due to its correlated two
dimensional character.
\subsection{Critical Currents}
\begin{figure}%
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{Fig2a.eps}%
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{Fig2b.eps}%
\caption{\label{fig:Jc}
  Neutron irradiation enhances the critical current densities in a large field
  and temperature range, but decreases them at low fields or close to \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}.
  The positive effect is larger if the field is oriented perpendicular to the tape
  (left panel) than in the parallel orientation (right panel).}
\end{figure}
Depending on field, temperature, fluence, and the original defect
structure, the irradiation will enhance or decrease the critical
currents. The strongest increase was observed in the sample with
the weakest as grown pinning structure (MODRAB). The corresponding
data at 77\,K, 64\,K, and 50\,K are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:Jc}
for both main field orientations. The critical currents decrease
at low magnetic fields after irradiation, which is discussed in
detail in the next section. \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}$(B)$ becomes flatter after the
irradiation at low and intermediate fields, which leads to a
crossover and an enhancement at intermediate and high fields. The
flattening manifests itself in a smaller exponent $\alpha$ of the
power-law $\ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\propto B^{-\alpha}$, which is a reasonable
approximation for the field dependence of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ at intermediate
fields. Note that the crossover field between the enhancement and
degradation of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ is generally higher for the field parallel to
the ab planes (right panel in Fig.~\ref{fig:Jc}), where an
enhancement is found only at high fields and low temperatures. The
currents degrade in the whole field range at 77\,K. The (relative)
enhancement is  more pronounced at low temperatures for both
orientations, which is in contrast to earlier findings on single
crystals \cite{Sau91,Sau98}. This is a consequence of the
competition between pinning and thermal energy, which reduces the
efficiency of comparatively small defects at high temperatures.
The collision cascades are obviously the largest pinning centers
in single crystals, but this does not seem to be the case in
coated conductors, where a large number and variety of linear and
planar defects exists \cite{Fol07}, which are more efficient than
the cascades at high temperatures. In addition, neutron
irradiation also introduces smaller defects, which are efficient
only at low temperatures.

The other types of samples (PLDYSZ, MOCVDMgO) behave qualitatively
similarly but data are available only for a fluence of $2\times
10^{21}$\,m$^{-2}$ so far. A similar reduction of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ at low
fields turns to an enhancement at comparable crossover fields,
which hardly depend on the neutron fluence (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:crossover}). The field dependence becomes again
weaker at intermediate field, which reduces $\alpha$. Only at high
fields, the hardly changed irreversibility field causes a
difference to the MODRAB samples. While the relative enhancement
diverges for $H\parallel c$ at the originally lower
irreversibility fields in the MODRAB samples, the \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}($B$) curves
merge again near the hardly changed irreversibility fields in the
PLDSZ and MOCVDMgO samples. At high temperatures, where the
irreversibility field is slightly reduced due to the decrease of
\ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}, even a second crossover is observed, and \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ is only
enhanced at intermediate fields.
\subsection{Granularity effects}
The crossover in the field dependence \ensuremath{\Jc(B)}{} between the
unirradiated state and the irradiated state
(Fig.~\ref{fig:crossover}), is a feature that is
generally observed on conductors grown by physical as well as chemical deposition.
The twofold effect of the irradiation on the current transport
indicates that two regimes must be separated: a high field region
(\unit{> 1}{T}) which benefits from the additional pinning centres
and a low field domain, where a different mechanism causes a
\ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{}-depression.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig3.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:crossover}
  Crossover in \ensuremath{\Jc(B)}{} between the irradiated and the unirradiated state
  after sequential irradiation (sample MODRAB).}
\end{figure}
This is explained by considering the specific nature of current
transport in a granular medium, i.e., the critical current density
in the grains \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{} has to be distinguished from the grain
boundary critical current density \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} flowing across the
sample. Numerous experiments on bicrystals \cite{Hil02} showed
that, depending on the grain boundary misorientation angle, the
current transport is controlled by \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} at low fields, whereas
at fields in the Tesla range \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{} limits the current transport.
Although it is not fully established that the behaviour of a
single well-defined grain boundary is representative for the
complex grain boundary network of a coated conductor
\cite{Fel08,Dur09}, the current limitation by the grains and an
increase of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{} after irradiation are straightforward
explanations for the observed \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{} improvement in high fields.
Further evidence for this scenario is provided by neutron
irradiation of YBCO thin films grown on single-crystalline
substrates, which can be regarded as single macroscopic grains and
thus serve as a model system for the individual microscopic grains
in a coated conductor. These films show, in agreement with the
above assumption of an increase in \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{}, enhanced critical
current densities in the entire field range (cf.
Fig.~\ref{fig:single_poly}a and reference~\onlinecite{Hen07}), if
the temperature is not too close to the superconducting transition
temperature , i.e., when the (moderate) reduction of \ensuremath{T_\mathrm{c}}{} after
irradiation is negligible.
The fact that the \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{} decrease occurs at rather low fields,
where \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} is dominant in the bicrystal experiments, suggests
that the grain boundary network is responsible for this effect.
Two different but not mutually exclusive mechanisms are able to
explain the reduction of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{}. First, it is important to
notice, that the density of the irradiation defects is too low to
reduce the cross-section for current transport significantly. But
the defects are mobile during the irradiation and the grain
boundaries represent natural barriers for their movement,
which causes the defects to accumulate---%
the grain boundaries deteriorate after irradiation. This effect
has, however, only an impact on the overall \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{}, if the current
transport is limited by the grain boundaries. Hence, the crossover
indicates the transition between the low field regime, which is
dominated by the grain boundary network, and the high-field regime
controlled by the properties of the grains.

\begin{figure}%
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{Fig4a.eps}%
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{Fig4b.eps}%
\caption{\label{fig:single_poly}
  Comparison of the effect of neutron irradiation
  on samples grown on single-crystalline (a)
  and poly-crystalline (b) substrates.
  The critical current density in the single-crystalline sample
  is enhanced in the entire field range,
  while the granular sample exhibits a crossover
  at about the same field as state-of-the-art coated conductors.
  The inset shows that the remnant moment of the granular sample
  decreases when the grain boundary currents are saturated
  and the flux penetrates the grains.
  (Data are normalised to the unirradiated state.)}
\end{figure}

Another explanation for the \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{} reduction at low fields is based
on the field exerted by the intra-granular shielding currents on
the grain boundaries: If \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{} is larger than \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{}, additional
flux remains trapped in the grains after a change of the external
applied field and the circulating currents in the grain generate
an additional field at the grain boundaries. Thus, the enhancement
of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{} by the irradiation, which is responsible for the \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{}
improvement at high fields, increases the grain boundary field and
thereby reduces the field dependent \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} at low applied fields.
An experimental test is provided by a method similar to
Ref.~\onlinecite{Mul94}, where the remnant magnetic moment \ensuremath{m_\mathrm{rem}}{}
of the sample is assessed after applying successively larger
fields \ensuremath{H_\mathrm{max}}. If \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} is smaller than \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{}, flux will
initially penetrate
along the grain boundaries.
After the grain boundary network has saturated and additional flux
is trapped only in the grains, $\ensuremath{m_\mathrm{rem}}(\ensuremath{H_\mathrm{max}})$ decreases as the
intra-grain currents increase the field at the grain boundary.
\footnote{Note,
that the contribution of the currents in the grains to \ensuremath{m_\mathrm{rem}}{} is
not significant, because $m\propto r^3$, where $r$ is the radius,
which is a few millimetres for the sample and more than a hundred
times less for a single grain. Thus, the dominating component of
the total magnetic moment stems from the currents flowing across
the grain boundaries in all samples expect those with high-angle
grain boundaries, which makes a direct assessment of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,G}}{} and
\ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} (as for example in Ref.~\onlinecite{Ton02}) impossible.}
The expected behaviour of $\ensuremath{m_\mathrm{rem}}(\ensuremath{H_\mathrm{max}})$ is clearly evident in
samples grown at an early stage of optimisation
(Fig.~\ref{fig:single_poly}b) to the granular substrate and thus
carry a rather low \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c,GB}}{} \cite{Hen07}. Despite the smaller \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}{}
of this sample, the crossover occurs at fields comparable to
state-of-the-art coated conductors.
Although the two proposed mechanisms are different, they do not
exclude each other, but rely on the same argument: a transition
between grain boundary to grain controlled current transport
leading to a crossover in \ensuremath{\Jc(B)}{} between the irradiated and the
unirradiated state. It should further be noted that the complexity
of the grain boundary network does not allow to draw clear
distinctions and the crossover indicates only approximately the
transition from one regime to the other.

\subsection{Angular dependence of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig5.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:angamsc} The irradiation reduces the \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}-
anisotropy (sample MODRAB). The minimum in \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ appears near
9$^\circ$, where the currents are hardly changed by the introduced
defects.}
\end{figure}
The angular dependence of the critical current in the MODRAB
sample at 64\,K and 3\,T is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:angamsc}.
The pronounced peak at 0$^\circ$ either comes from intrinsic
pinning by the periodic variation of the order parameter along the
c-axis, or from correlated defects, such as stacking faults. There
is hardly any trace of a peak at 90$^\circ$ in the unirradiated
tape. This indicates that the density of c-axis correlated defects
is small. The random, uncorrelated disorder introduced by the
neutrons reduces the \ensuremath{I_\mathrm{c}}-anisotropy,
$\gamma_{I_\mathrm{c}}=I_\mathrm{c}^\mathrm{max}/I_\mathrm{c}^\mathrm{min}$,
from 2.7 to 1.3 at a fluence of $10^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$. The latter is
considerably smaller than the \ensuremath{I_\mathrm{c}}-anisotropy in a thin film with a
claimed (intrinsic or effective) anisotropy of only\cite{Gut07}
1.5, obtained by a scaling analysis \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}($\theta$) \cite{Gut07} on
the basis of the ansiotropic scaling approach by Blatter et al.
\cite{Bla92} Such a small intrinsic anisotropy can be excluded in
the present sample, since the anisotropy of the irreversibility
fields is much higher and not significantly altered by the
irradiation. The shape of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}($\theta$) in the irradiated state is
extremely interesting. The peak at 0$^\circ$ is followed by a
minimum at about 9$^\circ$ and another broad maximum centered at
around $\sim 35^\circ$. Note that this behaviour was induced by
the addition of random, uncorrelated disorder and is hardly
compatible with the anisotropic scaling approach, although this
model assumes such a defect structure, but with weak instead of
strong pinning defects. This is not unexpected, since the scaling
of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ is based on single-vortex weak-collective pinning
\cite{Bla92} which predicts extremely small currents and is
obviously not applicable to ``high-\ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}'' coated conductors.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig6.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:angsp} The peak at 90$^\circ$ indicates the
presence of c-axis correlated defects in the MOCVDMgO sample. It
disappears after neutron irradiation, the minimum at $\sim
9^\circ$ is amplified.}
\end{figure}

The MOCVDMgO samples contain c-axis correlated defects, as
indicated by the peak at around 90$^\circ$ shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:angsp}. This peak disappears after irradiation and
the currents hardly change between 25$^\circ$ and 90$^\circ$ at
64\,K and 4\,T, in contradiction to the anisotropic scaling
approach. The minimum, again at about 9$^\circ$, which was present
in these samples also before irradition, is amplified. Only the
intrinsic pinning remains practically unaffected.

At higher fields (not shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:angsp}), a minimum
occurs at 90$^\circ$, which is an obvious consequence of the small
irreversibility field in this orientation. The ratio of the
irreversiblity fields in the main field orientations is consistent
with anisotropic scaling and with expectations for the intrinsic
anisotropy ($B_\mathrm{irr}^{ab}/B_\mathrm{irr}^{c}\sim 4$) and
seems to represent a much more reliable estimate for the intrinsic
anisotropy (the scaling of fields is independent of pinning
models) than the angular dependence of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}, since this approach
does not work for the relevant pinning centers in coated
conductors.

\subsection{Coated conductors for fusion magnets}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig7.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:fusion}Commercial state-of-the-art conductors
fulfill the requirements of fusion magnets on \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ at 64\,K, a
temperature, where liquid nitrogen (at low pressure) can be used
as coolant, if the magnetic field is parallel to the ab planes.
For the other main field orientation as well as at 77\,K the
performance is still too low.}
\end{figure}
Powerful magnets will be needed to confine the plasma of future
fusion power plants. The use of high temperature superconductors
instead of Nb$_3$Sn would allow operation at higher temperatures
and/or fields, which would reduce the cooling requirements and
could also result in a more compact and cheaper design. However,
only first concepts for fusion magnets made of coated conductors
are being developed at present. Cables with a current capability
in the ten kA range are needed and the strands have to be somehow
twisted \cite{Gol09} in order to reduce ac losses. Electrical,
mechanical, and thermal stabilization of such wires and quench
detection/protection will be demanding issues. Apart from these
technological issues, the superconducting properties have to
fulfill two basic requirements. The critical current densities
must be comparatively high, since the superconducting volume
fraction of a coated conductor is low (typically 1-2\%) and they
must not degrade during operation in a hard radiation environment
(fast neutrons). A rough estimate of the required intrinsic
critical current density leads to about $2.5\times
10^9$\,Am$^{-2}$ ($5\times 10^9$\,Am$^{-2}$) at about 12\,T
(14\,T) \cite{Fug09}, assuming the overall current density of the
actual ITER (DEMO) cable design for the toroidal field (TF) coils
or the central solenoid (CS). These values are certainly
achievable with present conductors, but define the operation
temperature. Cooling with liquid nitrogen would be favorable, but
is possible only above 64\,K (at low pressure).
Figure~\ref{fig:fusion} demonstrates that this seems feasible
(although not at 77\,K) with present conductors (MOCVDMgO) if the
field is aligned with the ab planes. The magnetic field in the
fusion coils will be close to this orientation, but, depending on
the cable and coil design, orthogonal components will occur. In
the other limiting case ($H\parallel c$), the performance
currently fails significantly. Since the currents drop quickly at
small misalignment angles (Figs.~\ref{fig:angamsc} and
\ref{fig:angsp}), further conductor development seems mandatory in
order to reach the required current densities at these high
temperatures. The field in the poloidal field (PF) coils is much
smaller (up to about 6\,T in ITER and 9\,T in DEMO), which is also
highlighted in Fig.~\ref{fig:fusion}. Even these requirements seem
to be demanding at 77\,K or for $H\parallel c$. The expected life
time fluence (fast neutrons) at the main fusion magnets (PF, CS)
is around $2\times 10^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$ and might be even higher in
future fusion power plants. Since the currents at 77\,K already
degrade at a fluence of $10^{22}$\,m$^{-2}$, radiation resistance
is an important issue for the application of coated conductors in
fusion magnets, at least at elevated temperatures.

\section{Conclusions}
The influence of fast neutron irradiation on differently
fabricated coated conductors was found to be similar. The critical
currents decrease at low magnetic fields, where inter-granular
currents set the upper limit for loss free current flow. This
decrease can be understood either by a slight degradation of the
grain boundaries, or by the increasing shielding currents within
the grains, which generate an additional field at the grain
boundaries.

The irradiation enhances \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\ at intermediate and high magnetic
fields, where the macroscopic current is limited by pinning, which
is improved by the additional pinning centers. Although these
pinning centers are uncorrelated, the angular dependence of \ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}\
does not obey anisotropic scaling. This is a direct consequence of
the pinning strength of these defects, which cannot be considered
as weak, as assumed in the scaling approach. Since this should be
true for any relevant pinning centers in these ``high-\ensuremath{J_\mathrm{c}}''
conductors, anisotropic scaling based on weak collective single
vortex pinning is not applicable.

The irreversibility line in the best available YBCO coated
conductors seems to be close to optimum, because a higher
concentration of strong defects does not lead to further
improvements.

\begin{acknowledgments}

This work, supported by the European Communities under the
contract of Association between EURATOM/OEAW was partly carried
out within the framework of the European Fusion Development
Agreement. The views and opinions expressed herein do not
necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. One of us
(M.C.) wishes to acknowledge financial support through the NESPA
project.

\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Up and Down Day for Keselowski at Michigan
BROOKLYN, Mich. (June 16, 2012) – Brad Keselowski, driver of the No. 22 Discount Tire Dodge Challenger in the NASCAR Nationwide Series (NNS), finished 10th in the Alliance Truck Parts 250 at Michigan International Speedway (MIS) on Saturday afternoon. Keselowski was involved in two minor on-track incidents during the event, but they compounded to keep the Michigan native from challenging for his third series win at his home track.
Keselowski began the 125-lap race from the ninth position based on his lap of 38.226 seconds, or 188.353 miles per hour, during the Saturday morning time trials. Almost immediately after the drop of the green flag, the first caution of the day came out before the field lapped the track for the first time. The incident happened directly in front of Keselowski and as he slowed to make his way around the No. 7 of Danica Patrick, he was hit in the rear bumper by the No. 54 of Kurt Busch. Minor damage was sustained, but crew chief Jeremy Bullins elected to wait until the competition caution at lap 25 to make repairs.
When the competition caution waved at lap 25, Bullins called his driver down pit road for the necessary repairs to the rear bumper. As Keselowski made his way into his pit stall, Bullins noticed a hole in the nose as well. The Discount Tire crew spent time repairing the newly-discovered damage. Keselowski restarted the race in the 24th position at lap 31.
Displaying a strong Discount Tire Dodge, Keselowski began to slice his way through the field as the race resumed. Prior to the third caution of the day at lap 48, he had worked his way into the 12th position. He radioed that he was a little loose everywhere other than the center of Turns 3 and 4. Bullins elected to take only two tires, in an effort to gain the track position that was lost earlier on pit road. Keselowski restarted the race from the fifth position at lap 53.
On the first lap following the restart, Keselowski picked up a push in the center of Turns 3 and 4 and made slight contact with the No. 38 of Brad Sweet. This contact resulted in damage to the rear quarter-panel of the Discount Tire Dodge. Following a trip down pit road for more repairs, Keselowski restarted the race from the 27th position at lap 58.
Once again, Keselowski began to maneuver his way toward the front of the field by clicking off laps as fast as the race leader. He was able to make his way back up to the 12th position – both with a fast car and by a decision from Bullins to short-pit – by the time the fifth caution of the day flew at lap 103. Bullins called his driver down pit road again for repairs to the rear quarter-panel. Keselowski eventually made his way up to the fifth position, but could not hold his spot over the final laps as he crossed the finish line in the 10th position – his seventh top-10 finish on the season.
Penske Racing teammate, Sam Hornish Jr, finished sixth in the Alliance Truck Parts 250 on Saturday afternoon.
Following Saturday's result, Keselowski and the No. 22 team dropped to eighth in the NNS owner point standings.
"We were a little off all around with the Discount Tire Dodge Challenger," said Keselowski. "I think the handling of the car was the strong suit. We just didn't really have the speed in it. I missed some of the things I needed to do to execute the race. But we did get something out it. I guess it could have been a lot worse day."
The No. 22 Discount Tire Dodge team will next compete at Road America, with driver Jacques Villenueve, on Saturday, June 23, in the Sargento 200. Coverage will air live beginning at 3:00 pm EST on the ESPN. The race will also be broadcast on the Motor Racing Network and Sirius Satellite Radio Channel 90.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am Dr. Japjeet Rajbir Kaur (previously known as Dr. Nele Bemong) and have been working for over a decade now as a Kundalini Yoga teacher. I am also a Kundalini Yogateacher trainer, nutritionist and health adviser, life and yoga coach, as well as therapist in yogic massages.
A lot of the work I do has always revolved around working with women. For 7 years now I have been running annual women's camps across Europe and I help Kundalini Yoga teachers train in women's teachings. A few years ago I started specialising in prenatal and postnatal yoga, and that in turn led me to become a postnatal doula. (Becoming a birth doula is one of my dreams, but for now that is simply not feasible yet due to the intense teaching I do all across the country and Europe).
As a postnatal doula I came into contact with Closing the Bones and trained with Maddie McMahon. I now offer Closing the Bones sessions both in and around Leicester, and in Leuven (Belgium) (as I am often there to run yoga trainings and retreats), and am deeply grateful that I am blessed to offer these beautiful closings for the women that come to me and that I get to support them in their journeys to self-healing.
In the Kundalini Yoga tradition we say 'It is your birthright to be happy, healthy and holy ' (and this last word we like to interpret as 'whole again'), and I truly think Closing the Bones is an excellent means to help women claim this right.


Strongsville is more than 25 square miles in size, making it the largest suburb in Cuyahoga County. The city is geographically broken down into four political wards and nine zone assignments.
Officers on each of three regular shifts are assigned to one of the nine beats as part of the Police Department's commitment to community-oriented policing.
Of the 68 sworn officers on the department, 55 are assigned to the uniformed Patrol Division. All newly appointed officers begin their career attending the Ohio State Highway Patrol Academy, where the police cadets go through an intensive 18-week academy. Upon graduation, they undergo a 12-week field training program under the direction of a Field Training Officer.


A 10,000 lb. CAPACITY PORTABLE REEL STAND.
Minimum drill recommendations: 18V cordless, equivalent of 1000 in lb. torque rated, for reels 10,000 lb.
MPJ01 (single) 58133201 PRO JAX 41" 17" 41" 118 lbs.
MPJ02 (pair) 58526401 PRO JAX SET 43 43 41 180 lbs.


We organise our curriculum into topics so that children can make links between subjects and apply their learning in different contexts. All year groups will do a 'WOW' day each term.
WOW - We start each topic with an experience to engage and excite the children. These include dress up days, visitors and drama workshops.
OUTCOME - We end each topic with an Our outcomes include exhibitions, stories, art work, songs and movies. We often invite parents to share our work at the end of a topic.
To read about your child's year group WOW day please visit Parents and Year Group, where you will find a blog about each year!


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2018 was another exciting year for me.
In January I had my five minutes of fame when the Lady Jane TV series I did research for was broadcast.
(c) BBC4
'England's Forgotten Queen: The Life and Death of Lady Jane Grey' was broadcast over three consecutive nights. This BBC4 series was presented by Helen Castor and featured Lady Jane historians, Leanda de Lisle, Stephan Edwards and Nicola Tallis, as well as eminent historians, Anna Whitelock, John Guy, Joanne Paul and Saul David.
Helen Castor, Leanda de Lisle and Stephan Edwards answered my questions about 'England's Forgotten Queen' in an interview.
'White King: Charles I – Traitor, Murderer, Martyr' by Leanda de Lisle was published this month. Thanks to Chatto & Windus, readers could win a copy of 'White King' which won the HWA Non-fiction crown and Leanda's previous work, 'Tudor: The Family Story.'
Helen Castor discussed The Tragedy of Lady Jane Grey on the BBC History Extra Podcast. Helen also appeared on BBC Radio's 'Woman's Hour' to talk about Jane. These are the main points from the interview.
(c) BBC History Magazine
Natalie Grueninger answered my questions about her new book, Discovering Tudor London which was published in August 2017.
Also in January, Jane got a very brief mention in Issue 60 of 'All About History' Magazine in 'Bringing Up Bloody Mary' by Melita Thomas.
Bradgate Park Trust marked the 464th anniversary of Lady Jane's execution on 12th February with a Tulip procession.
(c) Mark Kent
'La Reine Blanche: Mary Tudor, a Life in Letters' by Sarah Bryson was published this month and Sarah answered my questions about Lady Jane's grandmother in an interview.
Also published this month was the paperback of 'The Last Tudor' by Philippa Gregory. Jane is a main character in this tale of the Grey sisters and my website was listed in the bibliography!
(c) Simon & Schuster
In March, Leanda de Lisle released her '10 Minute Tudors and Stuarts' podcast about Lady Jane Grey. You can listen to England's Forgotten Queen: The Faking of Lady Jane Grey or these are the main points of the podcast.
Nancy Goldstone's 'Daughters of the Winter Queen: Four Remarkable Sisters, the Crown of Bohemia and the Enduring Legacy of Mary, Queen of Scots' was published in April and Nancy answered my questions in an interview.
(c) Weidenfeld & Nicolson
'The Queen and the Heretic: How two women changed the religion of England' by Derek Wilson was also published this month and Derek wrote a guest article, View Through a Dusty Glass: Catherine Parr's Circle and the English Reformation.
(c) Lion Books
Lady Jane featured in 'Colouring History: Tudor Queens and Consorts' by Natalie Grueninger and Kathryn Holeman, which my niece and nephew helped me to review.
by George and Cecily
'The Poison Bed' by E.C Fremantle was published in June and she answered my questions in an interview.
Thanks to Michael Joseph (Penguin Random House) five lucky readers won a copy of what The Times Saturday Review called one of their 'Historical Fiction books of the year.'
(c) Michael Joseph
The 465th anniversary of Jane's reign was celebrated with 'Queen of Bradgate Events' held throughout the month at Bradgate Park. These included a talk by historian Nicola Tallis. Bradgate Park Trust also launched their 'Quene of Bradgate' jewellery collection.
(c) Bradgate Park
Also in July, Leanda de Lisle released her '10 Minute Tudors and Stuarts' podcast about Lady Mary Grey. You can listen to 'The Tudor Dwarf Princess' or these are the main points of the podcast.
Salisbury Cathedral, the final resting place of Lady Katherine Grey featured in the third episode of the Channel 5 series Britain's Great Cathedrals.
(c) Channel 5
The August issue of BBC History Magazine had an article by Tracy Borman that briefly mentioned Jane ('Bess of Hardwick: schemer, social climber, scourge of Elizabeth I').
In September I went on the Totally Thames tour of Syon Park. It was here that Lady Jane was told she was Queen in July 1553.
Route from the river to what used to be the front of Syon House
'Women Letter-Writers in Tudor England' (Paperback) by James Daybell, which featured Jane was published in September.
(c) OUP Oxford
Two paintings of Lady Jane went on display in the USA in October. The 'Lady Jayne' Streatham portrait owned by the National Portrait Gallery and the National Gallery's 'The Execution of Lady Jane Grey' by Delaroche are part of the 'Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits from Holbein to Warhol' exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston until 27th January 2019.
(c) Courtesy of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.
I added the current description of the portrait to A look at how the Streatham portrait has been displayed over the years….
Leanda de Lisle released her '10 Minute Tudors and Stuarts' podcast about Lady Katherine Grey. You can listen to 'Queen Elizabeth's Secret –The hidden story of Lady Katherine Grey' or these are the main points of the podcast.
Two books that featured Jane were published this month. 'The Bradgate Heiress' by Derek Ansell and 'The Forgotten Tudor Women: Anne Seymour, Jane Dudley & Elisabeth Parr' by Sylvia Soberton, who answered my questions in an interview.
(c) Sylvia Barbara Soberton
Lady Jane featured in 'The Tudors: The incomparable dynasty who ruled for 118 momentous years.' This compilation included the best Tudor articles from previous issues of History Revealed Magazine.
(c) Immediate Media
Lady Jane got a mention in 'A Tale of Two Sisters: Elizabeth I and Mary I' on the Yesterday Channel.
(c) Yesterday Channel
'Exploring the Lives of Women, 1558-1837' edited by Louise Duckling et al which features Jane was published in November.
In December, the Talking Tudors podcast featured Natalie Grueninger speaking to Nicola Tallis about Lady Jane and Lettice Knollys.
(c) Talking Tudors
The audio book 'Project Grey Noise' by Michael Bayus was published this month.
(c) Michael Bayus
The year ended with Lady Jane featuring in the Tudor Society's 2019 calendar.


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Q: Python TTY Control I guess I'm not clear on what what the function of the getty/agetty/mgetty programs are on a linux/unix machine.  I can start a shell on a tty with something like this:
TTY = '/dev/tty3'

cpid = os.fork()
if cpid == 0:
    os.closerange(0, 4)
    sys.stdin = open(TTY, 'r')
    sys.stdout = open(TTY, 'w')
    sys.stderr = open(TTY, 'w')
    os.execv(('/bin/bash',), ('bash',))

..and if i switch over to tty3, there is a shell running- but some keystrokes are ignored / are never being sent to the shell. the shell knows the TTY settings are not correct because bash will say something like 'unable to open tty, job control disabled'
I know the 'termios' module has functions to change the settings on the TTY, which is what the 'tty' module uses, but i am unable to find an example of python setting the TTY correctly and starting a shell.  I feel like it should be something simple, but i don't know where to look.
looking at the source for the *etty programs didn't help me- C looks like greek to me :-/
Maybe im just not looking for the right terms?  Anyone replaced the *etty programs with Python in the past and have an explanation they would care to share?
Thanks for entertaining my basic question :)

A: I can see at least two things you're missing - there may be more:
Firstly, you need to call setsid() in the child process after closing the old standard input/standard output, and before opening the new TTY.  This does two important things - it makes your new process the leader of a new session, and it disassociates it from its previous controlling terminal (merely closing that terminal is not sufficient).  This will mean that when you open the new tty, it will become the controlling terminal, which is what you want.
Secondly, you need to set the TERM environment variable to match the new tty.

A: You should have a look at the source of the *tty* programs, to see what they do.
My guess is that they mostly issue a bunch of ioctl commands to initialise the terminal into the mode that programs normally expect (e.g. for login etc). However some of them may also prompt for a username (not password; login does that).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to send message to specified Channel - Discord.js v13 TypeScript I have recently started using TypeScript, and as you are all surely aware Discord.js has recently moved to v13. Following this I have been struggling to find a way to send messages to a specified channel using a given Channel ID. Here is the current code I use:
// Define Channel ID
const messageChannelId = 'CHANNEL_ID';

// Define Channel
const messageChannel = client.channels.cache.get(messageChannelId);

// Send Message to Channel
if (messageChannel && messageChannel.type === 'GUILD_TEXT') messageChannel.send('Hello World');

Oddly enough, the following code works fine and it sends the message 'Hello World' to the channel, but I always end up with an intellisense error when I hover over the send method that says Property 'send' does not exist on type 'Channel' in Visual Studio Code. If anyone knows why this happens, or has a solution to this error, please let me know. The documentation for Discord.js does not show the send method on the Channel type, but still allows it to work and I do not know a way around this.
Thanks for any assistance.

A: The send method is not on type Channel. It is on type TextChannel. client.channels.cache.get returns a Channel as it could be a voice channel too! You will have to add as TextChannel to remove that error
const { TextChannel } = require('discord.js')
// Define Channel
const messageChannel = client.channels.cache.get(messageChannelId) as TextChannel;


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The Virtual Choir: Watch a Choir Conductor Digitally Unite 3500 Singers from Around the World
in Music, Technology | November 13th, 2019 1 Comment
For decades we've been hearing promises about how communication technology will one day eliminate distance itself, making everyone around the globe feel as if they might as well be in the same room. Such a future would have its downside as well as its upside, but even now, approaching the third decade of the 21st century, it hasn't quite arrived yet. Nevertheless, we've already grown so used to the idea of real-time global collaboration that it takes an extraordinarily ambitious project to let us step back and appreciate the technological reality that makes it possible. Take, for example, conductor Eric Whitacre's Virtual Choir, whose performance of Whitacre's own piece "Lux Arumque" appears above.
"Virtual," here, is a bit of a misnomer, encouraging as it does Gibsonian visions of the 100-percent digital voices of synthetic singers resonating purely in cyberspace. And while Whitacre's project wouldn't have been possible without streaming digital audio and video technology — as well as the infrastructure of what we may as well still call cyberspace — it begins with the real voices of 100-percent analog humans.
185 such humans, to be precise, based in twelve countries, and all of them visible on their separate screens as Whitacre plays the role of conductor on his own. The much larger-scale performance of "Water Night," a piece composed for the poetry of Octavio Paz, brings together 3,746 videos from 73 countries, necessitating a credits sequence longer than the piece itself.
The Virtual Choir grew, as many such immense works do, from a small seed: "It all started with this one young girl who sent me this video of herself singing one of my choral pieces," says Whitacre in this video on the preparation for the Virtual Choir's "Sleep" video. "I was struck so hard by the beauty, the intimacy of it, the sweetness of it, and I thought, 'Boy, it would be amazing if we could get 100 people to do this and cut it all together." The experience of assembling this virtual choir, or even hearing it, shows that "singing together and making music together is a fundamental human experience," and on a scale hardly imaginable a generation or two ago. But on the most basic level, even this new way of making music is merely an expansion of the oldest way of making music: with one human voice, then another, and another.
via Swiss Miss
30 Fans Joyously Sing the Entirety of Bob Marley's Legend Album in Unison
25 John Lennon Fans Sing His Album Working Class Hero Word for Word, and Note for Note
Patti Smith Sings "People Have the Power" with a Choir of 250 Fellow Singers
Watch David Byrne Lead a Massive Choir in Singing David Bowie's "Heroes"
Watch Choirs Around the World Simulate the Rainstorm in Toto's "Africa" Using Only Their Hands
Brian Eno Lists the Benefits of Singing: A Long Life, Increased Intelligence, and a Sound Civilization
Based in Seoul, Colin Marshall writes and broadcasts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the book The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles and the video series The City in Cinema. Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall or Facebook.
kerouac22 says:
"Watch a choir conductor." Biggest understatement. We're talking Eric Whitacre! If you haven't been fortunate enough to join a choir and sing this guy's songs, you haven't lived! He's a legendary composer in his own time. Go join a choir and experience his music for yourself!
Some hyperbole, sure. But seriously, go sing this music.


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oh oh oh è la maniera con cui viene convenzionalmente resa in forma scritta la risata di Babbo Natale.

La risata di Babbo Natale è da lungo tempo un importante attributo con cui il personaggio viene identificato. Il tradizionale (per gli statunitensi) poema natalizio A Visit from St. Nicholas ("Una visita da Babbo Natale") riferisce che Babbo Natale ha:
...a little round bellyThat shook when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly
(una panciotta tondaChe scuote quando ride, come una boccia piena di gelatina)

Ho ho ho rappresenta il tentativo di mettere per iscritto la profonda risata grassa di Babbo Natale, contrapposto al convenzionale, acuto ha ha che rappresenta la risata di personaggi meno in carne.

H0H 0H0 è anche un codice postale usato dalle poste canadesi per lettere spedite dal Canada per Babbo Natale al Polo Nord. La sequenza alfanumerica ricade in un raggruppamento collegato all'area di Montréal, nella provincia canadese del Quebec.

In lingua italiana
In lingua italiana si dovrebbe scrivere "oh oh oh", come per la risata "ah ah ah". O come per l'espressione di meraviglia "oh". Con la h anteposta alla vocale è una voce del verbo avere.

Natale
Fraseologia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sam Batra designs and manufacture ladies tweed jackets from Shetland wool in England. Beautiful colours and unique style for business, and leisure. Personal service by Sam Batra and best prices direct from the factory.
For images of designs and model work on locations please visit www.batra.co.uk.


Glitter and sparkle just scream celebration—so why not incorporate some of that into your wedding? Adding a touch of sparkle and glamour in your wedding can elevate the ceremony and reception—but how do you incorporate glitter and sparkle into your wedding without making it look like a fifth grade art project? Here are 15 fun ways to make your wedding sparkle that aren't too over the top.
An easy way to add a little sparkle to your wedding is through the bridesmaids' dresses. Glittery bridesmaids' dresses or a sparkly flower girl dress (which she'll undoubtedly love) will get that extra sparkle you're after—and look really glitzy in photographs. A sparkly fabric can be worn year-round, but will look especially stunning for a holiday or New Year's Eve wedding.
Block letters have been a popular trend the last few years at wedding receptions. Couples use them to spell out their wedding hashtag, their last name or a phrase like "Celebrate" or "Wed." If you plan on using block letters, why not make them glittering gold? This would be an easy project to DIY if you can't find the exact shade of glittery block letters you like at the craft store.
Want your sparkly ring to have a little more oomph? Paint your nails with a fun glittery polish, which is sure to give those close-up photos of your hands an extra pop of flash and color.
Nothing shimmers quite like a disco ball in the dark. If there's room for it at your reception, hang up a glittering disco ball for all of your guests to dance underneath. Trust us—nothing will get the party going faster.
Make your guests feel extra glamorous when sipping on a signature cocktail at your reception by adding in a sparkly straw or a glittering cocktail stirrer.
Having assigned seats at tables? Put your table numbers in a shimmering frame that your guests won't be able to miss as they find their way through the crowd to their seat.
If you're having a photo booth at your reception, you can incorporate some sparkle into the background by hanging up strings of glittery garlands that your guests will pose in front of. Nothing screams a glamorous good time quite like posing in front of a glittery backdrop.
If you want that extra bit of sparkle but don't want to deal with the mess of actual glitter, incorporate some shine into your paper products—like your save the dates, invitations, place cards, and programs.
Want a peak of shimmer in your wedding day look? Don some sparkly shoes underneath your wedding gown. Your guests will see a flash of shine as you walk down the aisle or as you hit the dance floor.
Using ribbons in your ceremony or reception? Whether you're using them to wrap around votives, to tie on chairs at the ceremony, or to add bows to a sweetheart table, go with a ribbon that has a hint of shimmer, which will photograph beautifully and look great underneath the light.
Your flowers will wow on their own, but you can add little touches of extra sparkle with a shimmery wrap that goes around your bouquet or with a sparkly brooch that you attach to the back.
White table cloths are always elegant, but glittering, shimmering table linens are a fun way to get in some shine. Don't want to be too over the top? Add in a glittery table linen to the dessert table, the sweetheart table, or the gift table to set them apart. You can also add a hint of shimmer with a glittery table runner—or with a table runner that has glitter on the edges.
Why go with ordinary champagne flutes when you can have ones that sparkle? As you toast to your new marriage, it'll be hard for anyone to miss your glittering champagne flutes.
There's nothing sweeter than a great cake topper. Ditch the traditional couple at the top and opt for a shimmery cake topper instead. You could go with your initial, a glittery cursive topper of your last name, or get creative with shimmery cake topper characters.
5 Tough Wedding and Money Questions, Answered!
The post 15 Ways to Have a Sparkly Wedding appeared first on Weddingbee.


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Ron Slaby
Ron's CV
Ron Slaby, PhD, is a developmental psychologist, research scientist, and educator who serves as a Senior Scientist in the Center on Media and Child Health, Children's Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School. He previously served as Associate Professor, Lecturer on Education and Pediatrics, and National Merit Fellow at Harvard University, as well as a Senior Scientist in Education Development Center (an international nonprofit research organization). Through his research, teaching, and innovative programs, Dr. Slaby has made major contributions to our understanding of media influences on children's social development, the development of gender-roles, and the prevention of violence/bullying.
In the field of youth violence/bullying prevention, Dr. Slaby coauthored: America's first national plan to prevent violence for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; two national reports on violence and youth for the American Psychological Association; and an international program on school violence prevention for the World Health Organization. He has also developed effective programs and innovative strategies for preventing youth violence and bullying in the U.S. Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Pakistan, and Uruguay. Known for introducing a "bystander intervention strategy" into the fields of bullying prevention, prejudice reduction, and the prevention of men's violence against women, Dr. Slaby co-created the research-based programs: Aggressors, Victims, and Bystanders; Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP); and Eyes on Bullying; and he coauthored the books Early Violence Prevention and Social Development in Young Children.
Dr. Slaby has also led media research in new directions through his pioneering investigations of television effects on infants, the influence of children's gender concepts on their social learning, and the effects of media literacy education for school children and incarcerated youth. He has presented testimony to the Federal Trade Commission on television advertising effects on children and to the U.S. House of Representatives on television violence effects and remedies. He has served on children's media panels for the National Endowments for the Humanities and the Arts, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and the American Children's Television Council.
Having worked with the creators of Sesame Street, Dr. Slaby developed effective strategies for enhancing the educational value of children's media. As the lead educational media advisor, he has contributed to the design, production, and content of many highly acclaimed and award-winning children's television program series, feature films, and educational media campaigns, including:
Shining Time Station (with Ringo Starr, George Carlin & Thomas The Tank Engine)
Thomas and the Magic Railroad (with Peter Fonda & Alec Baldwin)
Zoboomafoo (with Martin & Chris Kratt)
Long Ago and Far Away (with James Earl Jones)
CNN Newsroom for Youth (with Turner Educational Systems)
Think! Violence is for People Who Don't . . . (with Harvard Community Health Foundation)
Stop Bullying, Speak Up! (with Turner Broadcasting, Time-Warner, & Facebook)


text:
Technology Other News 18 Apr 2017 These major tech com ...
These major tech companies get pulled up for misleading ads
Published Apr 18, 2017, 12:12 pm IST
Updated Apr 18, 2017, 12:12 pm IST
Apple showing iPhone 7 Plus as iPhone 7 is among 143 advertisements dubbed as misleading by regulator ASCI.
(Representational image)
Apple showing iPhone 7 Plus as iPhone 7 is among 143 advertisements dubbed as misleading by regulator ASCI, which also pulled up Bharti Airtel and others for such campaigns.
MobiKwik, HUL, Nivea, Amul, Opera, Standard Chartered Bank and Pernod Ricard are among the companies against which a total of 191 complaints were received by Customer Complaints Council (CCC) of the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) for January.
ASCI upheld a total of 102 complaints in healthcare category, 20 in education, seven in personal care, six in food and beverages and eight advertisements from other categories.
According to ASCI, Apple India was found using a wrong image in its advertisement for iPhone 7.
"The advertisement text states 'The amazing iPhone 7 is here', but shows an image of iPhone 7 Plus variant, which is misleading by ambiguity and implication," said ASCI.
The sector watchdog said although the advertisement had the Apple trademark with 'iPhone 7' but said it didn't have any reference to 'series' in the advertisement text.
"In absence of any visual of iPhone 7 variant, it was concluded that the advertisement is likely to mislead the consumers about the product advertised and its corresponding features," it said.
Comments from Apple could not be obtained.
The regulator also upheld three complaints against leading telecom operator Bharti Airtel for "misleading" claims for free Calls Local + STD and a free upgrade for Airtel-V Fiber.
"The ad claim, "Free Calls Local + STD" cannot be said free as the prevailing price for data without advertised incentive is less i.e. from the consumer's point of view, they have to make a payment of Rs. 149 to avail this offer although they get only 300MB data versus 500MB data," it said.
However, when contacted, Airtel declined to comment.
Complaint against Opera Software ASA claim for its mobile browser Opera Mini was also upheld where it had claimed that it saves data cost up to 90 percent while browsing. "The advertisement's claim, 'Saves data cost up to 90 percent while browsing', was not substantiated with supporting data and is misleading by exaggeration," the CCC said.
When contacted an Opera spokesperson said: "We adhere to the highest ethical standards and never share any exaggerated or misleading data with our consumers. Hence, our claim of Opera Mini saving up to 90 percent data in our advertisement, is entirely true. We have proven our claims by internal and external tests from time to time over the years."
Digital payment firm MobiKwik also failed to substantiate its claim of "India's most secure e-wallet" for Mobikwik E-wallet and found to be "misleading by exaggeration".
Tags: apple, mobikwik, ad, nivea, misleading ads
Microsoft is killing classic internet games old Windows users loved


This equine kinesiology taping book guides animal health professionals how to effectively treat specific injuries and other conditions.
This equine kinesiology taping book guides animal health professionals how to effectively treat specific injuries and other conditions. The book explains the basics of kinesiology taping on equine with step-by-step content i.e. treatment of scars, muscles and ligaments. Additionally, the manual provides professionals with in-depth descriptions (using supporting images) of specific applications of kinesiology taping.


If you have a Valentines day date then the Uber app on your Android smartphone might as well be a lifesaver. This is because Uber is giving out 50% discount on up to two rides to all its Kenyan users on 14th February, the day where love is celebrated universally.
Kenyan users? Yes. That's because the said offer has much to do with Tuesday the 14th being the final day of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission's voter registration drive in readiness for Kenya's upcoming general election. As such, Uber is providing a way for those who are yet to register to dash to their polling stations and do so before the exercise ends. Since it also happens to be Valentines day, they are killing two birds with one stone.
Done! Go ahead and hail an Uber and enjoy the 50% discount.
As with all freebies, there is a catch. The discount fare is up to Kshs 1,500. Anything more than that and you are on your own. Also, the promo code must be keyed in before hailing an Uber cab.


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Coleophora hungariae is een vlinder uit de familie kokermotten (Coleophoridae). De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1955 door Gozmany.

De soort komt voor in Europa.

Kokermotten
Dier uit het Palearctisch gebied


During my Easter visit to Sabaneta, Viviana had mentioned La Iglesia de Santa Ana was known as the church where sicarios (assassins) go to pray.
When I laughed at the ridiculousness of murderers asking for protection, forgiveness, or whatever else from God, she referred me to La Virgen de los Sicarios (Our Lady of the Assassins), a movie based on the autobiography of Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo.
Within the first five minutes, we're introduced to the protagonist, Fernando, who has returned to his hometown of Medellin after 30 years of travel abroad.
Fernando is a writer who enjoys questioning everything in life as though he were a philosopher too.
He visits a gay brothel run by an old friend, and it is there that he's introduced to Alexis, a teenage prostitute, and sicario, whose former gang was killed off.
Fernando isn't shy about stating he's slept with 1,000 boys, nor that his reason for returning to Medellin is "to die." Why, we're never told, though by the end of the movie, ironically, he seems to be the only one left alive.
In the brothel, as Alexis begins to undress, he drops a handgun on the floor, at which point he confesses that it's for protection, as there are others who want to kill him.
A few things strike me from these first five minutes of the film. Medellin has a reputation for beautiful women, yet the whole movie revolves around gay men.
Fernando appears to be in his late 40's or 50's, with a world of experience under his belt (literally).
He could easily be Alexis' father, and at times their relationship seems more like father/son than that of lovers. As likable as he is, I can't help but see Fernando as a child predator.
Fernando takes an immediate liking to Alexis, and asks him what he's doing the next day. Alexis responds that he goes on a pilgrimage to church in Sabaneta every Tuesday, and invites Fernando along.
On the taxi ride to Sabaneta, Fernando asks the driver to turn down the vallenato music, but he ignores him, and then kicks them out of the cab, calling them "faggots" as he speeds off.
Alexis responds that the driver got off lucky, because it's a holy day, otherwise he would've killed him.
Later, we learn he was serious when he casually kills Fernando's noisy neighbor in the street, and a different taxi driver who refuses to lower the radio volume (and to be fair, also physically threatens Fernando with a makeshift machete).
Upon leaving the church, Fernando witnesses his first drive-by shooting, which occurs on the steps of the church itself. This becomes a pattern in the movie, of first visiting church, and then witnessing murders.
Alexis attributes the violence to warring gangs from Santo Domingo, the calmer neighborhood today, which hosts the metrocable to Parque Arvi.
Soon after, Fernando witnesses an attempted carjacking on a walk to the pharmacy, that left the car's owner, who resisted, dead at his feet. Fernando states he's against violence, yet because he plans to die soon himself, seems increasingly numb to the carnage.
One of my favorite scenes is at 28:50 when they're in a park, buying empanadas, and Fernando comments on how stingy the vendors are by slicing up napkins.
"A fly couldn't blow its nose in it" he says.
And I couldn't agree more! I can't stand small napkins, especially at sit-down restaurants. Not that this is specific to Colombia, as you'll encounter it throughout developing world.
Small bits of humor aside, La Virgen de los Sicarios (Our Lady of the Assassins) is a sad reflection of the continued challenges Medellin and its citizens have had to face in the years since Pablo Escobar was killed.
17:00 – Which mall is this?
21:29 – What's the name of the white church?
26:50 – What's the name of the white church. Is it the same one as earlier?
35:50 – What's the name of this park with the Simon Bolivar statue? And the nearby cathedral?
48:15 – Which park and church is this?
52:45 – Patio del Tango (Barrio Antioquia) – Argentine parilla featuring live tango music and dancing.
1:27:52 – What's the name of the white church. Is it the same one as earlier?
1:31:40 – What's the name of this motel?
Can you recognize any of the parks or churches above?
Please share the name along with the time (hour:minutes:seconds), and we can build a running list.


text:
Newton at Union Grove
MCDONOUGH - The 15-point lead dwindled until it disappeared. Union Grove couldn't miss. The gym was rocking.
Through it all, Jamon Hawkins never wavered.
"Actually, it comes from practice," the Newton High guard calmly explained Friday night, moments after the Rams had held on for a gritty 66-62 road victory. "Coach (Rick Rasmussen) stresses making free throws. I just took everything slow."
In a frenzied fourth quarter that saw the Rams (5-1 overall, 2-1 Region 2-AAAAA) go from 15 points ahead to tied, Hawkins knocked down 9-of-10 free throws in the final two minutes and 57 seconds.
It's the type of victory that pays dividends in the region standings now, and can help prepare the Rams for the battles to come as the calendar flips to January and February.
"It was good for us to battle and win a close ballgame," Rasmussen said.
Earlier Friday, the Newton girls were within four points in the third quarter before Union Grove pulled away for a 74-47 victory.
In the boys game, the Rams looked well on their way to a comfortable victory after three quarters. A Sean Monk free throw with 6:53 to go made it 50-35.
Union Grove then turned the game upside down.
After hitting just 12-of-40 shots in the first three quarters, the Wolverines (4-4, 0-3) hit 11 of their final 14 attempts.
Isaiah Massey led the charge, scoring 12 points in the final six minutes. Massey's 3-pointer from the head of the key - which came after he lost the ball going up, but regained possession and shot - splashed home, tying the game at 62-62 with 12 seconds to go.
Newton inbounded the ball to Hawkins, who was fouled with 8.3 seconds left. He calmly sank two free throws to give Newton a 64-62 lead. After Massey's cross-court pass for Maryan Stewart sailed out of bounds, Union Grove fouled Hawkins again and he sank both free throws with 1.9 seconds remaining.
"Nice and soft; he did a real good job," Rasmussen said of Hawkins, who led Newton with 21 points. "He did not doubt they were going to go in. That's what good shooters do."
And Hawkins did it early in the game from a little farther out, hitting four first-half 3-pointers to help the Rams build their cushion. His trey from the left wing gave Newton its first lead at 9-8, and Monk found Hawkins for a buzzer-beating 3-pointer from the left wing to end the first quarter with the Rams up 15-10.
Two more Hawkins 3-pointers opened the second quarter and made it 21-14 Newton. Up 33-21 at halftime, the Rams turned to Monk in the third quarter. After Massey capped a 7-0 Union Grove run with a basket to bring the Wolverines within 35-28, Monk scored eight points during the final five minutes of the third quarter, his last giving the Rams a 47-34 advantage late in the period.
Monk finished with 18 points. Montrell Grimes added 11, as the Rams shot 51.1 percent from the field (22-for-43). Despite only hitting one field-goal attempt in the final 5:38, Hawkins provided enough offense from the free-throw line.
After making 1-of-2 from the line with 2:57 to go, Hawkins hit both ends of a one-and-one with 1:38 left and again with 38.9 seconds to go, giving the Rams a 62-56 advantage. Massey cut the lead in half with a 3-pointer from the left wing, the ball bouncing high off the rim before falling through and setting the stage for the wild finish.
A finish the Rams gladly will take.
"This really boosts our confidence," Hawkins admitted. "We don't have conflicts about passing the ball or who does the scoring. It's a team effort. That's really the thing I love about this team."
In the girls game, the Lady Rams (1-5, 0-3) trailed by as many as 11 in the first half, but rallied to within 32-28 on a Jasmine White 3-pointer early in the third quarter.
Then things fell apart for Newton, as the Lady Wolverines blew the game wide open.
Union Grove (3-5, 1-2) outscored the Lady Rams 18-8 over the next six minutes, then took complete control in the fourth quarter.
"It just takes heart to win games, and we are lacking that right now," Newton head coach Tiffani Johnson said. "We have to come out and play all four quarters. We can't take a quarter off, and that's what we did tonight."
Shay Marks led the Lady Rams with 17 points, 13 in the first half alone. Loren Wilkins scored 11 points.
Christina Carlis scored 19 points to pace Union Grove, which came within four points of knocking off No. 1-ranked Stephenson earlier this season.
Dejerecka Hines added 17 for the Lady Wolverines, and Tonya Nelson scored 11.
Newton struggled in all aspects of the game, turning the ball over 19 times, many of those miscues leading to easy Union Grove baskets.
"Our record may not show it, but we're jelling," Union Grove head coach Tom Murray said. "We're playing as a team and I couldn't be prouder. From start to finish, this was our best one so far."
Thoughts on 9/11
Hurricane price gouging
Congratulations General Mills


text:
YachtDatabase.com
Base de données de Bateaux
Contacts avec des propriétaires
Courtiers / Concessionnaires
Equipage / inscription
S'inscrire / Éditer
Envoyer des informations
Our story so far
At some point, the founder of this site wished to purchase a boat. He was member of the local sailing community and had passed a sailing course, but he didn't have much experience with different boat types. At that time, before the internet had become popular, most advertisements were published in magazines and newspapers. The information in these advertisements was sparse; mostly just a picture, a price, and very few facts about the boat. Not at all sufficient information for a decisive boat purchase. So, he started to collect basic facts about boat types such as length, width, draft, no. of berth, rig, motor, etc. This collection of information helped him a lot with deciding which kind of boat type to go for. A friend of his suggested to make the collected data available online, for others in the same situation to benefit, and the first online boat database was born the 17th February 1998. Since then the site has grown significantly with plenty of free services. ENJOY!
Naming a site is always a challenge. An inspiration came from the 'Convention on the International Regulation for Preventing Collisions at Sea' rule no 5: 'Every vessel must at all times maintain a proper look-out ...', ('look-out' in English translates to 'udkik' in Danish). A 'look-out' for something could be look-out for a new boat, look-out for boat specifications etc.
The spelling of 'Udkik': Orthographically, there are two correct ways to spell the word in Danish: 'udkig' and 'udkik' (the pronunciation is the same). Most Danes (70%) use 'udkig. Etymologically, the word originates from the Dutch word 'uitkijk', which is spelled with a 'k' as the ultimate letter. Respecting the Netherlands' maritime craftsmanship as an important nation in the world's maritime history, the name Udkik spells with two 'k's.
The site is regularly updated and new functionality added. Therefore, the milestones highlighted below are only the most significant. Explorer the univers of Udkik and benefit from our free services.
2020 9000 sail boat reviews published
22.000 boat specifications reached.
2019 20.000 boat specifications reached.
2018 GDPR requirements implemented
2017 Translated to Russian and Hungarian.
2013 An Android App becomes available.
2012 Translated to French.
2010 1800 engine specifications reached.
2008 750 engine specifications reached.
Specially designed pages for advertisement of sails are added.
2007 Translated to Romanian.
2006 1 million page views each month.
8.500 boat specifications reached.
2005 Translated to Italien.
2004 6.000 boat specifications reached.
600 engine specifications reached.
2003 Translated to Dutch and Norwegian.
2002 Translated to Polish.
2001 Translated to German and Swedish.
2000 The term 'YachtDatabase' is chosen as the international name.
Naval architects are added.
Owner's contact is added.
1999 First translation - into English and Finish.
A day a mail from Finland appeared in the in-box asking when the site would be available in Finnish. He had found the Danish site and would like the site to be translated. The founder offered to translate the site to English, if he would translate the English version to Finnish. A short while later Udkik was available in 3 languages. Now we know that 'H-boat' is 'H-Vene' in Finnish.
1998 Free advertisement becomes available together with search options as regards crew, maritime engine database and a link collection.
The 17th of February 1998, the first pages showing the database with 800 boat specifications are published.
The site is currently published in 11 languages. Because the site is dynamic and regularly expanded, not all phrases are updated/translated into all languages.
© Tous droits résérvés 2021


All emulators missing, Please help!
I had launchbox installed in (a 2TB drive) C:\Games\Launchbox, and had all my games, ROMS, emulators installed in C:\Games as well. I just bought a smaller SSD for Windows, and a larger (4TB) drive to move everything else to. I used terracopy to copy everything to my new hard drive with no errors, Booted up launchbox and everything looked fine, all my games and media were there. Windows games launched without problem however when I went to try and launch emulated games on platforms like PS2, NES, etc. it failed with the message "The emulator specified no longer exists. Please edit the game and choose an existing emulator." I then went to manage emulators and discovered all but 3 of my emulators had disappeared. At first I thought it must have been a copy error, so I booted back into my old HDD/OS only to discover the same problem. This "corruption" must have happened recently because I played a few games prior to this with no problem. So, my question is: Is there a way to restore all that information from the backup xml files in the Backup folder, or files from the data folder? I don't want to have to go and add every emulator and edit every single game (literally thousands), it took me months to get this set up the way I wanted the first time around. Any help would be greatly appreciated.


India's capital market regulator, The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) recently in the board meeting on Tuesday took a major decision to cut down the mutual fund fees and the expenses that is paid by the investors to the mutual fund houses and this decision will have an overall positive impact for many of the investors.On contrary the decision by the regulator was not open heartedly welcomed by the Mutual fund houses and other asset management companies (AMC).
Moreover, SEBI took many other major decisions in the board meeting which was headed by the SEBI'S chairman Mr. Ajay Tyagi.
Let me give you a glimpse about all the major decisions taken by SEBI.
The Securities Exchange Board of India(SEBI) is the supervisory and regulatory body, which is constituted by the government of India in order to regulate the securities market in the country as well as to protect, safeguard the rights and interest of the investors.
Moreover, SEBI prohibits fraudulent and unfair practices related to securities market.
It provides all protection to the investors and their interest in order to ensure a steady flow of saving into the market.
As SEBI cuts down Mutual Funds fees, this is a very beneficial for investors.
How it will be beneficial to the investors.
The regulator has taken measures to cut down total expense ratio for equity by cutting the fees that the mutual fund charge from the investors for handling over the money that is collected by the mutual funds from the investors annually and this decision was taken with a whole sole objective to make it cheaper for investors to invest in equity mutual funds and related investing products and instruments and this will add to their portfolio value.
This will protect the interests of small and retail investors.
The existing investors will find an opportunity to invest more and to increase their amount of investments in mutual funds so as to get more and more benefit from this decision.
This will increase the assets under management and more money invested in stock markets.Thus giving a boost to "mutual fund Sahi hai" campaign.
Mutual funds cannot pay upfront commissions to the mutual fund distributors and thereby this will reduce the occurrence of misselling of the mutual fund products.
SEBI has made regulations that any kind of offenders will not be able to escape or run away with serious offences in the financials markets by modifying the consent mechanism for security market offenders.
Furthermore, SEBI has also reduced the listing period after the initial public offering IPO.Hence, the reduced time has now being narrowed down to list up IPO to 3 days.The benefit is that the money invested by the investor will not stuck in the market for longer period.
The corporate giants who are established in large business will have to meet up to 25% of their financial needs by borrowing via bond markets.
Moreover, The securities exchange board of India is likely that It will be discussing a stricter framework for fiduciaries in the stock market, including the auditors and valuers SEBI would have more powers to take action against the fiduciaries in case they submit false certificates, reports or violated regulations and in case of frauds.
How mutual fund and AMC will be affected.
The dicisions had been spotted as gainful for investors but on contrary the dicisions was painful for mutual fund houses and AMC because this would drastically affect the revenues and profit of AMC and Mutual funds houses.
This was seen on the stock market where stock prices of HDFC MF as well as Reliance Nippon AMC fell by 8.6% and 11.3% respectively but still there is also a positive side and this decision will be helpful in increasing their assets under management as investors on finding cheaper to invest will increase their amount of investment in the market.
SEBI is the regulatory authority of capital markets and perform all the functions to safeguard the rights of the investors. Hence the decisions taken was a strong initiative in favour of investors. Furthermore will increase opportunities for investing and will encourage investors to invest in mutual funds.
However,the shares of AMC fell on the following day after the decision but this fluctuation and volatility in the charts of the share prices and the dip is just for short term and has nothing to deal with long term prospective as both the companies HDFC AMC and Reliance Nippon AMC are both fundamentally strong companies and do hold market leader positions.


text:
Touring and concerts
d&b's Js deliver 50 Cent rap in Helsinki.
Two nights at Helsinki's largest venue, the Hartwall Arena, not bad for a boy from the wrong side of Queens. But then 50 Cent has become quite the international phenomenon in recent years, even in the frozen north of Europe. Helsinki might be the capital of Finland, and Finland might be Europe's heavy metal HQ, but that didn't stop seventeen thousand excited Finnish rap and hip-hop fans wanting to 'get tickets or die tryin'.
The Hartwall concerts were a one-off event, 50 Cent was not on tour, and as such his Production sensibly availed themselves of local services, calling upon Akun Tehdas, Finland's leading equipment rental provider, to supply all 50 Cent's sound requirements. "This was a typical large scale event for us," said Timo Liski of Akun Tehdas, "that meant 100 percent attention to detail." The company had just taken delivery of their brand new
J-Series line array system from d&b. Having already attended their J-Series training in the real world environment of Stuttgart's Martin Schleyer Halle, Liski was keen to show Finnish audiences what it could do.
"This was a concert of very high sound levels," he began, "especially in the low end. We rigged just eight J-SUBs a side to provide the kind of powerful low end this type of act needs. I must confess at first I thought we should put in some B2 subwoofers as well, but when you stack the J-SUBs four high it takes them down to 30 Hz so there was really no need. There was definitely enough energy, -3dB to the main rig and the engineer Bill Barnett said he had lots of head room."
Barnett concurred; we spoke to him after the concert. "Yeah, with 50 Cent there's a lot of 808 bass sound in there, normally I find I have to pull 50 Hz or thereabouts, and I don't recall having to do that in Helsinki. In fact low end was really good, it was rattling anything that was loose, I saw empty coke cans jumping around." So what was it like using a foreign PA company? "It was very much situation normal for me, Akun Tehdas were no different from any other professional audio rental company, they did a great job. From that point of view, my requirements aren't great, we carry our own microphones, but that d&b rig they provided was awesome right across the board."
The Hartwall is relatively small by arena standards, "We rigged ten J8s and two J12s a side," said Liski. "The out-fill was nine Q1s at a 45 ° angle to stage, then four Q7s as a near fill along front stage. The Arena is quite tight vertically, it is just twenty-one metres to the back of the hall but it is very steep. The predictive software for line array configuration proved perfect and the coverage was remarkably uniform. Bill provides a very solid mix with vocals firmly placed; energy is high, I measured a steady 103/104 dBA (Slow) with +4 to +5 dB on the peaks."
"This system was especially good for getting the vocals in the mix" concluded Barnett. "I do like pretty much all line arrays, with one or two exceptions. They're all good at getting the vocals, but this d&b system would have to be one of my favourites."
J8 loudspeaker
J12 loudspeaker
J subwoofer
M4 stage monitor
B2 subwoofer
Q1 loudspeaker
Q subwoofer
Qs tour Finland with Sakara's heavy metal artists.
It has been a painful rearguard action that has seen record companies deny the evidence of their eyes and acknowledge that downloading has destroyed their business model and it's time they found a new one. Whilst the major players go through the...
V-Series tames festival deep in the rainforest.
The Rainforest World Music Festival in Kuching, Malaysia, is quite unique. Initiated by the Sarawak Tourism Board and taking over the Sarawak Cultural Village tourist attraction every July, the festival draws renowned musicians from all over the...
d&b SL-Series fills De Kuip stadium with Marco Borsato dynamics.
Superstar Dutch singer Marco Borsato performed his anthemic back catalogue to 240,000 fans over five nights at Rotterdam's De Kuip stadium in May. His dynamic songs and enthusiastic performance style required full spectrum coverage across the...
Latvian song and dance festival sing from the heart.
Most people will in passing be familiar with the term exaltation, but in this modern secular Europe few recognise its deep cultural meaning. Not so Latvia, where in July the hundredth anniversary of the founding of the independent Republic was...
d&b GSL dances with DJ's while the neighbours nap at the Oranjebloesem Festival.
Amsterdam's Oranjebloesem festival was growing in popularity, which meant Peak Audio required a system that would not only meet the strict noise regulations in the Netherlands, but also provide clear, intelligible sound to the entire audience of...


I have been a practicing family law attorney for over a decade at Levine Family Law Group and now Hello Divorce. A couple weeks ago a client came in for a second opinion. He had hired a lawyer 6 weeks ago and wasn't even sure if he had filed a petition to divorce, and couldn't get a straight answer from anyone in his attorney's office about the status of her case.
You have options in divorce – always remember that. Most states allow for pro se divorce, meaning that individuals can represent themselves in their divorce (this is what we help you do if you're living in California). You can also engage the services of a mediator, which can keep costs down significantly and keep your divorce out of the courts. Or you can work with a legal coach, who can help you draft documents, provide legal guidance and even negotiate and implement a legal strategy.
Quick tip: Your divorce strategy might change. And that's ok. But if your lawyer is known for only one type of practice (e.g. "most aggressive lawyer in town") then she may be good in court but that doesn't necessarily make for cost-effective, strategic representation.
Erin and all of the staff at the Levine Law Group have been unfailingly professional, courteous, supportive, and kind!


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Home › 1948 Good Luck Penny Cent. Rustic Gardens. Elmira NY. Dancing Nightly Pine City.
1948 Good Luck Penny Cent. Rustic Gardens. Elmira NY. Dancing Nightly Pine City.
1948 Good Luck Wheat Penny Cent.
Dancing Nightly Pine City Road.


text:
OPINION AND ANALYSIS | 31-10-2020 10:31
Ties that bind or blind: a brief history of US-Argentine relations
Formal bilateral ties date back to January 27, 1823 – predating the Monroe Doctrine by over 10 months and long before Argentina was called Argentina.
Michael Soltys
Michael Soltys, who first entered the Buenos Aires Herald in 1983, held various editorial posts at the newspaper from 1990 and was the lead writer of the publication's editorials from 1987 until 2017.
Formal bilateral ties date back to January 27, 1823 – predating the Monroe Doctrine by over 10 months and long before Argentina was called Argentina. | OP ART JOAQUIN TEMES
Next Tuesday's elections in the United States finds US-Argentine relations little more than two years away from their bicentennial. Formal bilateral ties date back to January 27, 1823 – predating the Monroe Doctrine by over 10 months and long before Argentina was called Argentina. The United Provinces of the River Plate recognised by Washington back then (13 of them, as against 23 today plus the Federal Capital) housed barely half a million people while 24 of the current 50 states had been admitted to the Union with the 1820 census enumerating a total population of 9,638,453 people – less than the number of Covid-19 cases in the United States today if the 1,538,022 slaves are subtracted. Neither country was really G20 material back then.
Little enough to report about the ties for much of the 19th century. Argentina might have liked them to be more active in the form of invoking the Monroe Doctrine against British seizure of the Malvinas Islands in 1833 or against the Anglo-French naval expedition defending creditor interests in 1845 (Vuelta de Obligado) but no such luck. A commercial treaty was concluded in 1853, the year of the constitution so strongly modelled on the US.
Americans were already finding their way to the other end of the hemisphere but went unnoticed, merging into the much larger British community. Thus the parents of William Henry Hudson were born in Boston, only for their son to become an icon of the Anglo-Argentine identity and die in London. Ralph Newbery, father of the aviation pioneer Jorge Newbery (after whom the downtown airport is named) and a dentist advertising in the very first edition of the Buenos Aires Herald in 1876, was born in Missouri. As anybody listening to Franklin Delano Roosevelt broadcasts might realise, there were less differences between the accents across the Atlantic in former times.
There were also some more violent American arrivals. A handful of Confederate veterans who just could not stop fighting joined the 1865-1870 War of the Triple Alliance with Paraguay although far more went to much closer Mexico. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid robbed banks in Patagonia (mostly Chubut) and San Luis between 1901 and 1905 before perishing in Bolivia in 1908.
The French are at it again
US isolationism did not help early relations, leaving Argentina firmly within the British imperial economic orbit by default, but this began to change with the First International Conference of American States in Washington DC in 1889-1890, leading to the creation of the Pan American Union in a Buenos Aires celebrating Argentina's centenary in 1910. Yet this process lost traction in the first half of the 20th century when neither an elected Radical government in the First World War nor a military regime containing the seeds of Peronism in the Second, contrasting in almost everything else, would budge from neutrality – a decision which was to leave Argentina even further behind giant neighbour Brazil (the only Latin American country to send troops to Europe in both conflicts) in hemispheric and international consideration with fateful consequences to this day. Already in 1945 the US farm lobby, mixing its competitive interests with ideological arguments, tried to block Argentine entry into the United Nations, a move only frustrated by Argentina belatedly joining the Second World War for its last six weeks.
The very first of many Peronist electoral victories since then in 1946 brought relations with the USA right to the forefront since the campaign hinged on the slogan "Braden o Perón." US Ambassador Spruille Braden was thus demonised as the incarnation of Yankee imperialism but in fact he came from the far left of the Democratic Party under former veep Henry Wallace (the Bernie Sanders of his times) and his obsessive concern was to save Argentina from the fascism which had just been defeated worldwide and which he identified, not inaccurately, with Perón, compiling a "Blue Book on Argentina" to document this belief. Identifying himself with the non-aligned movement enshrined at Bandung in 1955, Perón as president pursued a strict neutrality in the Cold War ("Ni yanquis ni marxistas, peronistas!").
This changed dramatically after Perón's fall in 1955 with support for various US initiatives during much of the next three decades ranging from John Kennedy's Alliance for Progress to hostility towards Communist Cuba and military training for the Central American right. Arturo Frondizi became the first Argentine president to visit the United States in 1959 with his Washington counterpart Dwight Eisenhower returning the visit the following year (not a first in that direction – FDR was in Buenos Aires a few weeks after the biggest US landslide ever in 1936, when he won every state except Vermont and Maine).
The military dictatorships after the Second World War generally ran a fairly cosy relationship with Washington but the last and worst of them (1976-1983) managed to get that wrong along with so many other things. First, their "dirty war" ran afoul of the Jimmy Carter administration with a US Embassy diplomat F.A. "Tex" Harris (who died just before the pandemic eight months ago), playing a key role in recording human rights violations for the Herald's Robert Cox and the outside world in general. Then in the 1982 South Atlantic War the Leopoldo Galtieri junta made the incredible assumption that Ronald Reagan would take their side against Margaret Thatcher's Britain, perhaps misreading the "shuttle diplomacy" of Alexander Haig (who when asked why he kept returning to Buenos Aires when war seemed inevitable once replied: "Because the stakes are great," easily misunderstood with a different spelling of "stakes").
In the democratic period since 1983 Argentine public opinion has generally been almost equally divided into pro-American and anti-American strands (the latter among the strongest in Latin America) with just over 40 percent for each.
We are now entering the living memory of most adults with the last decade before the millennium featuring peso-dollar parity under convertibility and Carlos Menem's "carnal relations" culminating in Argentina being designated a major non-NATO ally in 1998 – the late George Bush (1988, in the midst of a carapintada army mutiny) and Bill Clinton (1997) both paid presidential visits. The late Néstor Kirchner, the 10th anniversary of whose death has just been marked, made a strong start with George W. Bush on the basis of both having governed oil-rich economies (Santa Cruz and Texas) but then proceeded to humiliate him at the 2005 Summit of the Americas in Mar del Plata. The downward trend in relations only continued during the two terms of his wife, current Vice-President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, with such clashes as her Foreign Minister Héctor Timerman personally taking a pair of pliers to a US aid package of police equipment at Ezeiza airport in 2011. US investment (over US$13 billion in that year, second only to Spain) has never been the same since in a stagnant Argentina.
Child marriage is always forced
Whether the improvement in relations during the pro-Western, pro-market administration of Mauricio Macri (who hosted both Barack Obama and Donald Trump) will be sustained by the pandemic-stricken Alberto Fernández presidency remains to be seen – a question which will not be answered especially by the result of next Tuesday's vote.
Peronism
Testimonio: cómo escapamos de Machu Picchu
Previous news of "Opinion and analysis"
Macron takes on the Muslim world
Unity, in whatever form
Letter from CFK
An election for the soul of America
Go vote, chico!
Una encuesta bonaerense ubicó a Cristina Kirchner y Patricia Bullrich como favoritas a la Presidencia
El caso de Lucía Pérez y un segundo juicio para condenar a los dos culpables


Sometimes you completely forget a song that had great significance for you at some time.
Then you hear it out of the blue. Sometimes it all comes flooding back. Sometimes the years have stripped it of its power.
For me, in this case, if I am truly honest, it is a bit of both. I cannot recreate my feelings at the time I first heard it (a few years after this version was released), and yet I do remember how it seemed to capture the hurt of those days. And the lonely nights.
The band is Klaxons. The members are English and have been going since about 2005. Despite what Wiki says, they are still very much alive and kicking.
This song featured on their 2007 album 'Myths of the Near Future'. It is actually a cover of a song by a dance act called Grace (actually a Paul Oakenfield vehicle). It was originally released in 1995 and had many remixes and revamps.
I am not generally a fan of covers unless the cover makes a statement that is beyond or different to the original. The Klaxons version, in my opinion, does. It has an intensity I think the original hasn't – and an air of menace too.
Anyway. I heard it in my buds this morning and was moved enough to repeat it a number of times there and when I reached home – and to enthuse about it here.
So I suppose it did touch me after all.
You still me want me don't you?
You still want me don't you?