text:
Four Seasons RV park
The Four Seasons at Lake Anna RV Park
TOWNeS AT POINT SEANNA
New Bridge Rescue
208 Roundabout
Cutalong
Lake Anna Resort
Public Hearing Part III on January 19th 2022 at 7:00PM
Holbert Building
Spotsylvania, Virginia
Please attend to let the county and the developer know of your opposition.
From the Public Hearing on December 1, 2021!
On December 1st the Planning Commission met to continue the reading of the remainder of the statements sent by concerned citizens. As there remained a large number of statements to be read, an agreement was reached early in this meeting that if necessary, reading would conclude at 10:00 pm, and commence again with any remaining statements to be read at the Planning Commission meeting scheduled for January 5, 2022, now January 19th, (based on snow cancellation). Reading continued until close to 10:00, two individuals who had requested to make in person statements were heard, and at 10:00, with no other business to be heard, the meeting was adjourned.
From the Public Hearing on November 17, 2021!
The Public Hearing for the Four Seasons RV Park Special Use Permit (SUP) was conducted on Wednesday November 17th in the Marshal Center.
Meeting Summary:
Attendance from the community was good at close to 200
49 concerned citizens spoke in person to the Commission
The Public Comment period was led off by Greg Baker, LACA President providing the Top Four reasons why the SUP for the RV Park should not be approved. Greg was followed by 48 other concerned citizens, who for two- and one-half hours provided reason after reason why the Four Seasons RV Park will be significantly detrimental to the Upper Pamunkey Branch, the citizens who make up the communities in that area, and Lake Anna as a whole.
267 concerned citizens sent statements to be read into the record
Based on the volume of received statements and given that this portion of the meeting did not start until 11:30 PM, a motion to read the 267 statements into the record at the December 1, 2021 Planning Commission meeting was made and seconded, but failed on voice vote. The reading of the statements began and continued until approximately 12:30 AM when a 10-minute break was called for by the Chair. Upon return from the break a second motion was put forward that the Reading be curtailed for the night and that the remainder of the statements to be read into the record at the next Planning Commission Meeting, scheduled for December 1, 2021. This motion was seconded and voted in the affirmative, five to one. With no remaining business for the night, the meeting was adjourned.
First, that the members of LACA and other concerned citizens really stepped up and provided great visibility for the Planning Commission members to the incredible opposition to this development.
Second, there will be no vote on the SUP by the Planning Commission until December 1, 2021 at the earliest.
Third, that it is unlikely that the Board of Supervisors will vote until their first meeting in January.
It will be important to maintain our presence and visibility at the December 1, 2021, Planning Commission meeting, and then the subsequent Board of Supervisors meeting where this will be voted on. We will keep you informed of any further meeting dates as they are scheduled.
SCHEDULE OF UPCOMING MEETINGS
Next Planning Commission Meeting December 1, 2021
Board of Supervisors Meeting on SUP - To Be Determined
First - We are very sad to report that Mr. Barry Jett, the Spotsylvania County Livingston District Supervisor and outspoken critic of the RV park, passed away about 10 days ago. Our condolences go out to the family and friends of Mr. Jett. He will be missed for his unwavering support to Lake Anna and the surrounding communities. In closed session on Tuesday November 9th, the board of supervisors elected to schedule a special election for February 15, 2022 to fill the Livingston District Board of Supervisor position and not appoint an interim supervisor.
It is LACA's position that the SUP application should not be put before the BOS without an elected supervisor to represent the very district where the park is being proposed.
If you reside in the Livingston District and plan to speak on Wednesday, please be certain to weave this comment into your statement so that our governing officials understand this is the desire of their constituency.
Second - The planning commission staff have released their official response with a recommendation for the planning commission to oppose the RV resort. Of course, this is just a recommendation, but it shows that our hard work to date is paying off. A copy of the report can be seen HERE. It is long, but I would suggest you read the report. It brings up the under belly of this project from a legal/planning standpoint. It is a wealth of information.
Third - To further demonstrate to the Planning Commission and the Board of Supervisor the opposition to the Four Seasons RV Park, please sign our petition against the park. Even if you have already signed a paper petition, sent emails or plan to speak, please go on-line to https://www.change.org/NO-FourSeasonsRVResort to sign this on-line petition. Our goal is to have over 1000 signatures. Forward to your spouse, your family and friends that have visited you at the lake. This is a way for us to show the overwhelming opposition to this project!
The information immediately below provides meeting specifics and helpful information you can use to formulate your emails, and in person statements. We look forward to seeing a very large turnout at the Public Hearing on Wednesday Evening.
November 17 2021 7:00 PM (CONFIRMED!) - We are looking for as many as possible to speak in person at the public hearing. Each interested party will be given three minutes to make a statement for or against the SUP. Officials of HOA's, POA's and other organizations may get up to five minutes if they are representing members who are not speaking. We encourage you to use the information below and information that can be found via the links to the Spotsylvania County Planning Commission site to assist you in developing your statements.
If you are unable to attend the public hearing and speak in person, you may write a letter or email to the Planning Commission, indicate that you wish your statement to be read in to the record at the meeting. Your written statement or email needs to be able to be read in 3 minutes just as if you were speaking and be sure to include your name and address. You should send you statement to either of the following addresses:
Via Email pmann@spotsylvania.va.us
Via US Mail:
Spotsylvania Planning Commission
9019 Old Battlefield Blvd
Spotsylvania, VA 22553
Attn: Paulette Mann
You may either speak at the meeting or email/write and have your statement "read" into the record of the meeting, but you may not do both!
A document containing information to assist you in formulating your statement or email to the Planning Commission for the November 17 Public Hearing can be found Here.
LACA recently hosted a Strategy Session, you can learn more about it here.
Plan to attend the Board of Supervisors meeting when the call comes out that the SUP is on their agenda. We will update the info here as soon as we are appraised of date.
Write your Spotsylvania County's Supervisor to let him/her know of your position on the SUP. For the Berkley district, your Supervisor is Kevin Marshall and his email is kmarshall@spotsylvania.va.us. For Livingston your Supervisor will be elected by a special election currently scheduled for February 15, 2022.
Write to the Planning Commission members to express your opinions. Their contact information can be found here.
LACA CONTINUES TO HAVE THE FOLLOWING CONCERNS/COMMENTS RELATED TO THE FOUR SEASONS AT LAKE ANNA RV PARK:
We have reviewed the responses from the developer below and believe that the modifications made to the plans to date do not materially change the fact that this development fails all 8 Standards of Review.
In a letter to Planning Commission staff dated October 13, 2021, President Greg Baker provided information on LACA's concerns as they relate to the (8) "Standards of Review" from the Spotsylvania County Code for Special Use Permit approval, highlights of which appear below. The entire letter can be viewed here.
#1: That the proposed use is in accord with the comprehensive plan and other official plans adopted by the county
The proposed RV park is a large high density commercial operation, the antithesis of what is planned for this section of the county in the long-term comprehensive plan. This property is designated as Rural Residential with recommended density of one home per two acres.
There is no need for a SUP for another RV Park as there is an existing campground within 4 miles of the proposed facility and 2 others within 8-14 miles.
The applicant has been unwilling to size this project to fit the existing neighborhood, farms and surrounding property.
#2: That the proposed use or development of the land will be in harmony with the scale, bulk, coverage, density and character of the area or the neighborhood in which it is located
The proposed development is in an area of the county that has established neighborhoods made up of homes on 1 to 2+ acres, agricultural or forested lands. A 300 hundred site commercial RV resort with pools, marinas, boat launches, amphitheater and other amenities is equivalent to dropping a Wal-Mart into a residential community.
Unfortunately, there are no accommodations that the applicant could suggest that would create harmony with this established rural residential portion of Spotsylvania County.
#3: That the proposed use will not hinder or discourage the appropriate development and use of adjacent land and buildings or impair the value thereof:
The applicant has suggested in their replies that their operators of RV properties in the Mid-Atlantic region have had a positive effect to the surrounding communities. In the examples they cite, the RV properties were not developed next to existing residential communities, but rather in more appropriate commercial centers and/or mixed-use areas. In both cases, these RV parks are on bays across from uninhabited islands separating the bays from the ocean. It is a stretch to assume that an RV park developed in a remote residential and agricultural portion of Spotsylvania County would improve the property values of the adjacent and nearby communities, quite the opposite is surely the case.
#4: That the proposed use will not adversely affect the health or safety of persons residing or working in the neighborhood of the proposed use:
It is well known that the site of the proposed development has suffered from four consecutive years of harmful algae blooms and no-swim advisories issued by the Virginia Department of Health. Adding a high-density development within this part of the lake is a health risk disaster.
The applicant admits that they are aware of the HAB issue and take swim restrictions very seriously, promising to close access to the swim areas with caution tape and promising to notify their guests by text and email.
While acknowledging "the HAB issue" is important, it is likely that, even while utilizing an alternative on-site septic system (AOSS), treating the wastewater from 300 RV sites with 600-750 occupants during the summer months will add Nitrogen and Phosphorus to the lake, increasing the likelihood of HAB occurrences.
Additionally, adding 49 boats, most of which are expected to be rented, operating in this shallow, narrow portion of the lake will negatively impact the shorelines and safety of the existing neighbors and users of the lake.
#5: That the proposed use will not be detrimental to the public welfare or injurious to property or improvements with the neighborhood:
There are very real health risks and boating safety risks that will occur if the proposed RV park is approved as previously discussed. There are also additional public welfare issues that would result if the SUP were granted.
Significant erosion problems which exist in this shallow and narrow part of the lake will be exacerbated by increased boat traffic and development. Fifty years of accumulated phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil will flow into the lake at an accelerated rate becoming available to feed harmful algae blooms.
#6: That the proposed use is appropriately located with respect to transportation facilities, water supply, wastewater treatment, fire and police protection, waste disposal and similar facilities:
The applicant's proposed commercial development is not located near water or sewage treatment facilities. Therefore, they must establish onsite sewage treatment which has been addressed earlier and will add to the excessive nutrient problem that the lake is experiencing.
LACA is very concerned with the suggestion that a well producing only 10 GPM will support 300 families and their guests visiting the resort. The property is located on the Ellisville Pluton which is a 12-mile deep volcanic formation of hard rock making it likely that there is no aquifer under the property raising concerns that water will be retrieved from rainwater that is stored in the cracks and crevices of the Ellisville Pluton. Risk that water pumped from these cracks and crevices will cause the lake water itself to back fill these cracks bringing unsafe HAB infected water into any wells that do exist.
#7: That the proposed use will not cause undue traffic congestion or create traffic hazards:
While the developer has agreed to add turn lanes on 522 which is an absolute safety necessity, adding hundreds of large RVs potentially towing vehicles or boats to Route 522 is a dangerous endeavor. Route 522 is already the site of numerous accidents and sadly the site of several fatalities over the past few years.
#8: That the proposed use will have no unduly adverse impact on the environment or natural resources:
We have already discussed the adverse impact that a high-density commercial development will have on the lake by contributing to the excessive nutrients that cause HABs. In addition, the location of the proposed site is within the water zone that Virginia DEQ has designated as the highest level of impaired streams in the state.
Adding a high-density development to this environmentally impaired area of the state will certainly not stabilize or decrease the number of impaired streams, but rather exacerbate the impairments.
It is clear that the SUP application should be denied based on failures of all eight of the standards of review established by Spotsylvania County.
LACA representatives provided the following additional detailed response the various replies in the applicant's responses to staff dated August 5th, 2021 and September 21st, 2021:
A: There are abundant references to shallow water in this area of the lake. The applicant claims that the depth is 8 feet, yet their only proof is a supposed depth finder reading. LACA has visited the site and in the location of the proposed docks, the depth is 6 feet or less as you travel further in the cove. These depths are taken at normal lake level which is 250 feet above sea level. However, the lake is often 1 to 2 feet below normal in the middle of summer, this can often bring this area of the lake to 4-5 feet deep or less. The applicant has shown several pictures of one boat in the area and suggests that this proves that lake depths are not an issue. These pictures are misleading because the pictures show boats in the navigable waters beyond the boat ramp or slips. Factual water depths data in the cove where the proposed boat slips are to be located have not been provided. The applicant does not want to complete a more detailed boat channel analysis that reveal the fundamental flaws in locating a boat ramp and docks on the proposed site. A proper bathymetry survey should be required. LACA is concerned for several reasons related to the narrow and shallow characteristics of this portion of the lake. First, consider adding 49 boats to this narrow section of the lake and the corresponding safety hazards. Notice that there is only one boat in each picture. Imagine the impact to this cove if 49 boats are added. Secondly, add 49 boats and their propellors or jets stirring up the phosphorus laden lake bottom and releasing these bacterial and algae nutrients into the lake. The applicant insists that they have no plans to dredge. However, as the lake level fluctuates from 6 feet to much lower levels, RV park customers will not be able to easily launch their boats or access boat docks. LACA is concerned that an approved SUP will enable the applicant to obtain a dredging permit from DEQ. Dredging in an environmentally unstable area and releasing additional nutrients would be highly detrimental.
B: The applicant is asking for a SUP to be approved for a high-density commercial development outside the scope of the long-term comprehensive plan and in several instances ask the staff and the planning commission to effectively "trust" them. They suggest that staff does not need certain items to make an informed land use decision. LACA strongly disagrees. This is a very dangerous and risky SUP application. There should be significant effort by the applicant to assure staff and more importantly the community, of the design elements of the buildings, structures, potential dredging plans, the type and location of walkways within fragile areas, landscaping plans, streets, sidewalks, etc.
C. The developer has stated that they have significant experience with HABs and "red tides". They have also stated that are more aggressive than DEQ or EPA in dealing with HABs. When asked to prove or expand on these bold statements, the applicant has said that this information is not needed for the county to evaluate the SUP for land use. We strongly disagree. Adding a high-density commercial devolvement in an environmentally fragile area requires more than unsupported bold statements and "trust us" to convince the community that we should permanently welcome them. This is "ground zero" for HABs on Lake Anna. According to our LACA Water Quality Team Captain that covers this section of the lake, the water quality on the Upper Pamunkey this year is the worst that he has seen in 30 years of visiting the lake. In the 2021 water quality sampling by both DEQ and LACA, the sampling station immediately near the RV park was far and away the worst sampling station on Pamunkey Creek. In addition, the applicant's operator has supposedly donated at least 1MM to water quality although no details were provided. We would suggest that if they have the capacity to work to solve the HAB issue, that they would voluntarily invest a significant sum to water testing at Lake Anna and/or towards remediation of the HAB issue which will likely cost in the 10s of millions. The applicant also states that their guests are for the most part environmentalist. They further state that if they destroy our waters and our environment, that they basically would destroy the reason people come to them. However, entering a location that already is unusable for the majority of the boating season and adding nutrients to the environment is the exact opposite of this claim.
D: The applicant suggests that the county has ample information to make a decision without dimensions of impervious surfaces. These surfaces cause storm water runoff and we are being asked to again "trust" the applicant as to the impact these surfaces have to runoff in this environmentally fragile area.
E: If they are accurate in the very limited uses of the amphitheater, will the applicant agree to never host a professional musical concert on the premises as a condition of approval? Otherwise, screening or some type of sound shield should be required. What assurance if the SUP is approved will the community have that this will not become a music venue. Additionally, sound travels very efficiently over water. Residents that live on a lake can hear a normal conversation of a boater several hundred yards away. Adding a high-density RV park with corresponding activities assure that the residents of the adjacent communities will be negatively impacted. Nearby residents chose to purchase a home on this portion of the lake to enjoy nature and quiet tranquility. Adding a high-density RV park is not in harmony with the hundreds of existing nearby homeowners.
F: The applicant discusses an enforced "quiet time" on the property, but they do not define the start and stop times of "quiet time". Would the applicant elaborate on the actual times that noise will be limited?
G: A decommission plan should be required. Opening a RV resort on a lake without access to the lake in the majority of the boating season is a inherit risky venture. It would seem appropriate to have a decommissioning plan in the event that the RV resort fails once the public realizes that access to swimming in the lake is prohibited for the majority of the season.
H: LACA is extremely concerned with having rental boats operated out of this remote location on the lake. Adding additional boats in and by itself increases safety concerns. The applicant uses contradictory language in their response to staff questions concerning rentals and boating licenses. They say that the do not intend to rent boats, yet in other answers they suggest that they will contract with a local business to bring in rental boats. How can the public be assured of the answer? Adding rental boats which are often rented by novice boaters dramatically increase safety risks. In one of their responses, the applicant states that Virginia State Law requires all operators of powered watercraft to have completed a boat safety course. This is blatantly not true. The law provides a loophole for boat rental customers. You may rent a boat in Virginia without a boater safety license as long as you complete a very basic training program by the rental company. This is confirmed on the DWR website: https://dwr.virginia.gov/boating/education/faq/ A short 15-minute orientation does not compare to the 3-8 hours required to complete the actual boating safety course. LACA would request that boat rentals not be provided as a condition of the SUP. Rental boats and safety must also be considered within the unfortunate presence of alcohol and now, marijuana which has been legalized in Virginia since July, 2021. Operating a boat under the influence is serious crime and can be deadly. Will the numerous food/concessions/tiki bars/restaurants in the development serve alcohol? Once legalized, will there be a dispensary added to the resort?
I: LACA sent a previous email related to the disingenuous response related to the comments received at the community meetings. The applicant carefully crafted a response that avoided submitting well over 100 negative comments that they received at the virtual community meeting in February. The applicant also promised the community that they would forward all of these comments to the county. We would request that all of these community responses be submitted to the planning commission and the board of supervisors and become a part of the record for this application.
J: They claim that their resort will be a significant source of revenue for the county. However, at what cost? The existing rural residential zoning laws are what were in place when property owners made decisions to purchase their homes. These are promises that must be kept and are not to be swept away by the whims of a wealthy developer at odds with several long-existing communities. The existing residential communities will suffer if the SUP is approved in their backyard. In addition, much of any ancillary revenue will go to businesses located in Louisa County, not Spotsylvania County. There are no businesses or restaurants in Spotsylvania County that are certain to benefit from this SUP's approval. While it may be beneficial to Louisa County, it is at the expense of Spotsylvania County citizens. LACA also questions the remarkable conclusions that the applicant makes in terms of revenue and ultimate taxes to the county. The applicant is claiming revenue of $15MM per year. For example, they stated in the June 7th community meeting that they charge $40-60 per site and they model a 60% occupancy throughout the year. However, they are ignoring the adverse impact of text and email news of HABs and no-swim advisories. Taken at face value, 60% of 300 site is 180 sites on average rented for $50 a night. That works out to revenue of approximately $3.3MM in rental revenues. (300 x 60% x $50) It is unrealistic to imagine $12MM additional taxable revenue being generated from other services. It is also clear that any ancillary tax revenue generated by RV park visitors would go to Louisa County. This may be a low impact development to the county resources such as schools, but it is an extremely high impact to the local neighborhoods.
K: The applicant is asking for a SUP as opposed to a rezoning. The proposal includes a restaurant (although it is called it a dining room in a clubhouse), a lounge, tiki bars, bait shop and concessions. This is clearly a commercial operation. The applicant should go the rezoning process as opposed to requesting a SUP.
L: Applicant suggests an annual 60% occupancy and an average stay of 5 days. This suggests that only 180 of the sites would be in use. However, it is likely that the occupancy in the boating season is near 90% and that in the winter it is far less. This impacts the environment during the worst of times. In the summer, when HABs are in full force, it is likely that the RV park will be at capacity. In the winter, when the cold weather impedes HABs, the RV park will not be in use.
M: The applicant's operator has suggested in the June 7th meeting that they will be using "park model" RV units. These are glorified mobile homes that remain on site that the operator rents out by the day. They are effectively residential stationary homes. They state that no residential dwellings units are proposed as part of the project, but later they suggest that park model RVs will fluctuate to keep in step with market conditions. This is contradictory to their statement that there are no residential dwellings on the proposal. We would ask for further clarity on this issue or an agreement to not allow park model RV units as a condition of approval. LACA is also concerned with the viability of an RV park on a lake that is not usable for the majority of the warm season. In case of a failure, the operator could easily convert the majority of the RV sites to effectively a mobile home park. We would suggest banning the ability to use park model units. The operator's Castaway Resort recently announced the addition of "fully equipped cottages". It is clear that the operator uses permanent residences as part of their business model. What assurances can the applicant give that will prevent the installation of permanent residences on this property?
N: The applicant discusses their by right ability to install a total number of boat slips of 300+ and then takes credit for lowering the number of slips to 49. However, by right, the property may only have 6-12 homes built and therefore only 6- 12 docks built. The ability to build a greater number of slips is dependent on approval of the SUP, which is far from certain. LACA would suggest limiting the number of docks to 12 to correspond with the number of docks available if this were a residential community. The applicant consistently suggests that there are ample on-site amenities to occupy guests if there is a no-swim advisory. They state that the majority of their guests would likely use stand up paddleboard, kayaks or similar non-motorized activities. They are less than clear on their desire to have boat rentals on site. Therefore, why approve more than 6-12 docks?
O: The applicant suggests that there has been no indication that the public access from Route 522 will be refused by Orange County. However, the Orange County Planning Commission voted 7-0 against the proposed SUP when it was presented to their commission. "No indication" cannot be implied that the applicant will receive approval.
P: The applicant is suggesting that they will install a microwave internet connection for their guests and it will not impact the county residents. Microwave internet transmission is adversely affected by weather conditions, terrain, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind. Lakes and water formations are extremely reflective surfaces with respect to radio transmissions which leads to signal degradation. All connections within range of a microwave tower will share the same bandwidth. Connection speeds are significantly reduced and degraded as more and more users connect to the network. Finally, this plan relies on line-of-sight communication between an access point and the end receiver. Signal strength cannot be sustained during inclement weather or through brush or trees. Even if the applicant sets up a dedicated system, as it degrades with 500-750 users, those guests will resort to using their cell phone coverage. This will degrade the coverage for the local communities that rely on cell coverage for both communication and internet access. The current cell coverages in this area are at best mediocre. Adding many hundreds of cell phone users to the existing cell phone towers will impact the current residents of this portion of the county and degrade their access to cell phone coverage even further.
Q: Based on the applicant's cover sheet, they state that their building area is 74,724 square feet. This is the equivalent of 30 single family 2400 square foot homes, double the number of home that the applicant by right may build. The impervious coverage ratio is 1,250,000 square feet or the equivalent of over 20 football fields. This would never be approved for a traditional residential development on the property. The total open space area is 1,103,485 square feet which is less than the impervious area created. This is not consistent with Resort Agricultural Zoning.
R: The gated rear access for service and emergency vehicles is indeed a good idea for the proposed project. However, Route 719 can barely handle 2 passenger vehicles passing in opposite directions. For this to be a viable secondary exit for service vehicles or an emergency exit, Route 719 should be improved from the proposed entrance to Route 522. The plan states that the Route 719 entrance is for service and emergency access. The applicant's response to questions state emergency access only. Which is it?
S: The option to phase the development should be taken off the table. If approved, the applicant could decide to phase portions of the development and then fail to deliver promised key elements.
T: LACA has met with the developer on two occasions. At both occasions and in our presentation to planning staff, LACA stated that the applicant should consider investing in the "state of the art" AOSS and commit to removing additional nutrients from the wastewater. To date, only meeting the minimal DEQ standards have been addressed. We commend the applicant for investing in a phosphorus reduction module for their AOSS, but they have yet to address a higher standard for Nitrogen removal. They have not agreed to make public an Operations and Maintenance Manual for the AOSS and be held to this self-imposed standard.
Summary of LACA Constituents Top Four Concerns
1: If this SUP were approved, it is counter to the long-term comprehensive plan that has been designed by the county. As you know, this portion of the county is classified as rural residential with density of 1 home per two acres. There are four residential developments within 1.5 miles of the proposed site. To grant a SUP for a commercial development is unfair to those Spotsylvania County residents that purchased or built a home in these nearby communities. It is not in harmony with the existing neighborhoods and will most certainly harm the values of these homes. Many of these residents have retired to the beauty and tranquility of Lake Anna and decided to settle in this part of the county for the very reason that it is isolated and peaceful. There are no commercial developments nearby and it is a betrayal of trust if the county were to grant this SUP.
2: The developer is purposely being vague and dishonest regarding density of this development. In their own materials and responses to PC staff they state that the residential density will be zero. This is purposely misleading. The land is two parcels that total 135.08 acres. With 300 RV locations, that works out to a 2.22 homes per acre. As opposed to the comprehensive plan recommendations of .5 homes per acre. They claim that a RV should not count as a residence. They dance around "residential dwelling unit" and claim that an RV that can sleep 4-6 people or more should not be counted since it is not a permanent structure. The stress to the environment of 2-4 people staying in a home or an RV is no different. In addition, in their own material, they state that they may have 0-30% in "Park Model RV" units. A Park Model RV is a glorified mobile home that is permanently installed and rented to customers that do not have a RV. The operators for the developers have two additional RV parks in the Mid-Atlantic area that the applicant mentions in their submissions. Both Castaway and Massey's Landing make use of these more permanent structures. 30% of 300 units is approximately 90 permanent units that they are admitting could be located on the site. By right this property could have 6-12 homes. The BOS or the PC would never approve a SUP or a rezoning to add 90 homes to this 135 acre parcel, not to mention 300 homes.
3: The lake has suffered through 4 consecutive years of Harmful Algae Blooms and no-swim advisories for the upper portions of the lake. This area of the lake is "ground zero" for HABs having the longest duration of no-swim advisories and the worst results of any of the water quality testing stations that LACA monitors. This year's no-swim advisory was issued July 1st and is in force to this day. Adding a high-density 300 RV park in this area brings in roughly 600-800 people per day in the summer with 100-200 pets on average. All of this sewage, even treated with an alternative onsite septic system, creates significant release of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and those nutrients eventually end up in the lake. Adding these nutrients to an already environmentally fragile section of the lake is asking for further advisories that last longer and make it that more difficult to resolve. The developer and the operator claim to understand HABs and is focused on water quality. However, when asked to give examples of the type of work that they have done or to specify their intentions, they refuse to provide an answer.
4: Boat safety is a big concern. The developer is suggesting that they by right have the ability to build 300 docks and then they suggest that they are making a concession to only put in 49 docks. By right, this property has the ability to put in 6-12 homes. Only if they received the SUP would they have the right treat to this as a commercial property and add numerous docks. This is putting the cart before the horse. The developer claims that they will tape off the access to the lake when the no-swim advisory is in place which is most of the boating season. They claim that they have plenty of amenities on property that their guests will not care that they do not have access to the lake, yet they wish to install 49 docks. They are also less than straightforward about boat rentals. They say in some sections of their application that they do not intend to rent boats, but in other sections they state that they will invite a local business to rent boats from their docks. They claim erroneously that customers are required by law to have a boating license. Rental customers only have to do a quick 15 minute safety talk to successfully rent a boat and do not have to have a license. The applicant claims that the depth at the dock location is 8 feet where in fact it is 3-5 feet currently. Adding this many boats and the ability to rent boats on this shallow end of the lake invites inexperienced boaters, stirs up the sediment on the lake bottom releasing phosphorus to feed HAB and is a safety nightmare. By right, they should have the ability to add 6-12 docks and there should be no ability to rent powered boats in this rural residential area of the lake.
Planning Staff qUESTIONS/dEVELOPERS Response
Over the past four months the Spotsylvania Planning Staff has provided the development group three sets of questions and received responses from the development group on the first two. The content of these communications can be seen below with the most recent exchange first. There have also been changes to the submitted SUP Package by the developers that can be reviewed on the Spotsylvania Planning Commission site.
The third letter dated September 16, 2021 to the developer from Planning Staff can be viewed here.
The second letter dated September 7, 2021 to the developer from Planning staff can be viewed here.
The response dated September 21, 2021 from the developer can be viewed here.
The first letter dated June 25, 2021 to the developer from Planning staff can be viewed here.
The response dated August 5, 2021 from the developer can be viewed here.
LACA PRESENTATION
Greg Baker, LACA's president and Harry Looney, LACA's Water Quality Chair made a presentation to the Spotsylvania County Planning Commission staff on Thursday, June 18th. You may see the presentation here.
In preparation for the presentation, LACA polled our membership on their support or opposition to the proposed development. In addition, the poll asked if LACA should take an official position on the proposed development. There was an overwhelming response and a super majority of our members that oppose the proposal. In addition, the membership believes that LACA should take an official position against this development. The results of the poll are as follows:
eARLY mEETINGS
On Thursday March 4th, Supervisor Barry Jett hosted a meeting to discuss this development with the community. Approximately 54 people attended in person as well as 27 people that attended via WebEx. Supervisor Jett listened to the concerns of the citizens and shared his opinions about the development with the group. Supervisor Jett is opposed to the development.
Gary Griffith, a member of the development group attended the meeting as well. Mr. Griffith provided the official response from the developer related to the concerns that have been addressed during the virtual community meeting. You can read the response here.
AnNOUNCEMENT/COMMUNITY MEETING
Lonnie Carter and the Will Companies (Tim and Trey Wills) are proposing to build an upscale RV park on Upper Pamunkey Creek in Spotsylvania County. According to the Spotsylvania GIS system, the property is owned by Jeffrey Hayden. You may see the property in question on the County GIS system by clicking here. The property's PIN is 53-A-1 and 53-A-1B. The property is currently zoned Resort-Agricultural and will need a Special Use Permit (SUP) approved by the Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors for the development to proceed. (If you would like to understand the rules related to Resort-Agricultural, you may click here to read more.) The original iteration of this development was called Orange County Resort which was also an RV park. The new iteration is twice as large as originally proposed and now includes two parcels of land. The property will now lie completely in Spotsylvania County after Orange and Spotsylvania Counties have settled the location of the county line. The properties' entrance is on a parcel of land that will still be in Orange County.
The original application (Orange County Resort) was presented to the Orange County Planning Commission and was denied in a unanimous vote. This application has a new team of developers and it is apparent that the new developers have a more polished plan than was presented to Orange County.
The developers are required to host a community meeting and solicit feedback/questions from citizens of the county. Because of Covid, the meeting is being held virtually until February 26th. You may see their presentation here. (If the website is not available, a PDF of the website is stored here.) Feedback must be received by March 1st, 2021. You may send your feedback by email to CommunityMtngFeedback@gayandneel.com OR you may send a written response by US Mail to:
Gay and Need, Inc.
1260 Radford Street
Christiansburg, VA 24073
The developer will respond to any feedback received by the deadline and include the feedback and any replies to the Spotsylvania Planning Department. The developer, if they choose to proceed, will present at the Planning Commission of Spotsylvania. The Planning Commission (PC) will hold a vote to recommend approval or rejection of the development. However, the ultimate authority is with the Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors (BOS). The developer may go before the BOS regardless of the recommendation of the PC.


text:
Q: Symfony2 Get just 1 row of oneToMany Entity I have a user entity and a log entity. I have a OneToMany connection from User to Log.
In my Log Table are stored log entries according to users.
I output a User list:
Controller:
$user = $this->getDoctrine()
        ->getRepository('SeotoolMainBundle:User')
        ->findBy(array('isActive' => 1, 'isAdmin' => 0));

TWIG
{% for user in list_user %}
    {{ user.username }}
{% endfor %}

Now I want to recieve ONE row of the log table, sorted by a field called "date" and return it in the for user loop like this:
{% for user in list_user %}
    {{ user.username }}
    {{ user.log.lastEntry
{% endfor %}

How do I do this?
Entity User.php:
/**
 * @ORM\OneToMany(targetEntity="Log", mappedBy="user")
 * @ORM\OneToMany(targetEntity="Log", mappedBy="editor")
 */
protected $log;

Entity Log.php
/**
 * @ORM\ManyToOne(targetEntity="User", inversedBy="log")
 * @ORM\JoinColumn(name="user", referencedColumnName="id")
 */
protected $User;

A: Assuming that your getter for accessing the Log Collection object is a getLogMessages method, and assuming you can access the log message with a getMessage method, the following should solve it:
{{ User.getLogMessages().last().getMessage() }}

The last method gives you access to the last element stored in the collection.
By the way, you should use the OrderBy annotation, otherwise the order must be considered undefined. (Although, in reality, you will usually get the elements in the order they were inserted).

A: I solved it now in TWIG. But this isn't nice at all... I would prefere a solution inside of the controller and not in the VIEW.
{% for log in last_userlog|reverse if(log.user.Id == user.Id) %}
    {% if loop.index == 1 %}
        {{ log.logTitle }}
    {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Wordpress list posts from sub categories has anyone an ideea how can you do something like this:
So if the user is in a category, let's say Mainand this categories has some subcategories and I want to list them and also list the posts, something like this:
Sub category name 1
-POST 1
-POST 2
Sub category name 2
-POST 1
-POST 2
Sub category name 3
-POST 1
-POST 2

A: I've found this piece of code and it works:
<?php get_header(); ?>

<?php
            $category = get_the_category();
            $theName = $category[0]->name;
            $theChild = $category[0]->cat_ID;
$subcats = get_categories('child_of=' . $theChild);
    foreach($subcats as $subcat) {
    echo '
' . $subcat->cat_name . '
';
    echo '
';
    $subcat_posts = get_posts('cat=' . $subcat->cat_ID);
    foreach($subcat_posts as $subcat_post) {
        $postID = $subcat_post->ID;
    echo '
';
    echo '';
    echo get_the_title($postID);
    echo '
';
    }
    echo '
';
    } ?>

 <?php get_footer(); ?>


The man who became PResident of the United States, a man who acted like honest dissent was treason, who campaigned like he owned patriotism, engaged in an act of TREASON, let's call it by its right name. And Clark Clifford, a pillar of the DC elite, said the scandal would rock the nation to its foundations-what foundations, that our leaders LIE to us and think we're just dumb cattle to be herded into slaughter? Maybe our foundations NEED some shaking up.
via George Will Confirms Nixon\'s Vietnam Treason.
This entry was posted in Conservatives, Foreign Policy, Lyndon Johnson, Political, Republicans, Richard Nixon, Viet Nam by John Oliver Mason. Bookmark the permalink.


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Recent news reports have suggested that the hard line taken by Tea Party and other conservative Republicans in the House in the budget and debt ceiling battles may be producing a backlash among party supporters and donors who are concerned about the political impact of the government shutdown and a possible U.S. default on its debt.
But to whatever extent that pushback may be happening, it's a point of view not shared by rank-and-file Republicans. Just 18% of Republicans believed their leaders were paying too much attention to the Tea Party, up slightly from 13% two years ago, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted last week. Most Republicans said the party's leaders were either paying the right amount (40%) or too little (24%) attention to the positions of the Tea Party.
Even among Republicans and Republican leaners who do not agree with the Tea Party movement, more than half said either that the GOP was paying the right amount of attention (34%) to the ideas of the Tea Party or too little (21%). Just 22% of non-Tea Party Republicans said the movement receives too much attention from the Republican Party.
Another aspect to the political forces at work is the views of Republicans who most frequently vote in primaries. An analysis of a September Pew Research poll found that among Republicans and Republican-leaning registered voters who say they always vote in primary elections, 53% said they wanted lawmakers to do what they could to make the health care law fail, which has been a goal of the Tea Party bloc in the House. Just 32% said lawmakers should instead try to make the law work as well as they can.
In addition, about four-in-10 of GOP primary voters also say Republicans in Congress have compromised too much with Democrats compared to 22% who say they have not compromised enough.
When it comes to the general public, a minority (35%) of those surveyed said Republican leaders were paying too much attention to the Tea party. Read more.


text:
You are at:Home»Arts and Culture»English Professor Explores Connection Between Poetry and Food
English Professor Explores Connection Between Poetry and Food
By Taylor Ha on	 January 28, 2019 Arts and Culture, Faculty Reads
"I wanted my poem for us to suck on. Like an IV connected to the best ice tea in the world."
These words, taken from the poem "Thunderdome" in Sarah Gambito's new book Loves You, evoke the kind of nourishment the poet hopes readers will find in her work.
In 96 pages of poems, Gambito, an associate professor of English and director of the creative writing program at Fordham, presents a gamut of personal life experiences: how Filipino Americans—and people of color—are assailed and fetishized; the struggle to hold on to cultural identity as an American-born child of immigrants; the nuances of everyday life; and what it's like to be the mother of a biracial child. But her book has a tasty twist.
Loves You is part poetry, part cookbook. Her poems are divided among five flavors: umami, sour, salty, bitter, and sweet. Most of them reference food in some shape or form. (Example: "When God was Filipino, / he put a pig and fire together and called it porkissimo.") And her poems give readers a taste of not only her life but also her actual cooking. There are recipes for family favorites—salmon sinigang, barbecue scepters, watermelon agua fresca—scattered throughout the book.
Her ultimate goal? To nurture strangers with her words—to make people feel, she says, even if they are occasionally puzzled by her poems, published by Persea Books on Jan. 22.
"I want people to feel nourished. I want people to feel provoked. I want people to feel … a little freaked out," she said, laughing a little. "I don't see it as sort of just a sweet book. There's anger here, as well. But I think anger can hold equal footing with joy and creation, and with thinking about community and family."
In her poem "Don't Eat Filipinos!" Gambito speaks about the subtle symbolism of a biscuit called Filipinos. The controversial cookie is sold in Spain—a country that controlled the Philippines for years.
"To name it after a people, a country that was colonized for 400 years … I really thought it was a joke," she said. "Literally, it's like you have Spanish people eating Filipinos."
As an antidote, the page after that poem lists her husband's recipe for lychee macarons.
"The epigraph is instead of eating Filipinos, eat these," Gambito said. "The idea is to be thoughtful about what we're doing, what we're putting into our bodies—what it means."
Gambito's new poetry book also melds meals with motherhood. Her poem "Hapa," defined as a person who is partially Asian or Pacific Islander, is about her 8-year-old son. He was born with blonde hair and blue eyes—a stark difference from his Filipina mother. Strangers would mistake Gambito for his nanny. She felt like they were "othering" her from her own child, she said. "Orangutan nanny in the garage / my pleasure—a disappointment," she wrote in "Hapa."
Gambito mentions a more universal aspect of motherhood—the joys and fears of being a mother. In the poem "First Born," she writes, "Basically: my wish is that you are never, never pierced through the heart. / My aim is ordinary. / My anthem open. My berries gasping together in pie."
Those last six words describe the feeling of being breathless, she said. "You want to provide. You want to give your son beautiful, sweet things, and you feel like always short to the task."
Loves You is Gambito's third published collection of poetry. This book was 10 years in the making, she said. But back in the book's infancy, she recalls sitting at a ramen shop with a friend, pondering over the purpose of her new poetry collection.
"What do you think poetry should do?" her friend asked.
"It should do this," Gambito said, cradling her warm bowl of broth with her hands. "It should nourish you from the inside out."
Text of Gambito's poem "Holiday" in Loves You:
Crashing across cousin stars with deep listening holes. Because we're
related and every wren that has nested abroad would like to become
my mother. I'd like to lie flayed open upon her twelve breaking torsos.
This blood would weld us to the chair and I'd let a crowd in. I'd always
thought that crowds were created in a panic. A great anti-system of
people fleeing fire. Rather crowd dynamic is cultivated because you
run towards. You want concert tickets or something to do the day after
thanksgiving. They're almost giving it away. This is what she says as
the gold metal hits the outline of her. She says I want you to find me. I
want that you never give up and you find me.
Creative Writing programEnglish DepartmentPoetrySarah Gambito
Babette Babich on Love, Social Media, and Megxit
Students Share Personal Writing at Inaugural Story Circle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Melaku Abegaz, Samuel. 2005. "Investigation of Input and Distribution of Polluting Elements in Tinishu Akaki River, Ethiopia, Based on the Determination by ICP-MS". Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University. Faculty of Sciences.
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Lamivudine inhibits replication of both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is commonly used as part of antiretroviral therapy. The main limitation in the use of lamivudine is resistant mutation selection. Most of these mutations affect the YMDD motif of the HBV DNA polymerase. The resistance occurs through M550V or M550I aminoacid replacements. The M550V variation may be accompanied by L526M mutation, notably in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate mutations associated with lamivudine resistance in a hemodialysis patient chronically co-infected with HIV-1 and HBV, who was submitted to several antiretroviral treatments.
HBV isolates derived from three blood samples collected at different times of antiretroviral therapies with and without lamivudine, were titred and submitted to nucleotide sequencing.
HBV isolate derived from a sample collected in 1999 during an antiretroviral treatment with lamivudine showed the lamivudine resistant double mutation (L526M, M550V). However, no mutation associated with lamivudine resistance was observed in the HBV genome derived from the sample collected during a period of treatment without lamivudine (2001). After reinstitution of lamivudine (2002), the predominant HBV population exhibited a rare triple mutation (V519L, L526M, M550V), which has previously been associated with an in vitro reduction of virus antigenicity (escape mutant). HBV DNA was detected at high levels (108–109 copies/ml) in the three blood samples.
Reintroduction of lamivudine as part of antiretroviral treatment in a patient who had developed lamivudine resistant HBV strains favored the predominance of an HBV isolate with reduced antigenicity. The absence of hepatitis acute exacerbation in this patient may be correlated to the absence of significant variations of the viral load, which was independent of the presence of mutations in the HBV DNA polymerase.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share common routes of transmission, mainly sexual, parenteral and vertical. Therefore, the prevalence of HBV serological markers is higher among HIV infected patients than in non-HIV infected individuals [1, 2]. Considerable variations in the prevalence of HBV markers have been observed in HIV patients according to the geographical region and risk of exposure . Recently, a prevalence of 68% of antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was observed in HIV infected patients living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Co-infection with HIV interferes with the natural history of HBV infection and is associated with higher HBV DNA levels [5, 6]. A more common progression to cirrhosis, despite a milder histological necro-inflammatory activity, has also been observed in cases of HIV-HBV co-infection .
Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the reverse transcriptase activity of both HIV and HBV  and is commonly used in the treatment of both viral infections [8, 9]. The HBV DNA loss due to lamivudine treatment is usually accompanied by significant histological and biochemical improvement . The major limitation in the use of lamivudine is the selection of resistant mutations that may arise and accumulate during therapy. Most of these mutations usually affect the YMDD motif of the HBV DNA polymerase, by replacement of a methionine residue at position 550 with either valine (M550V) or isoleucine (M550I). Such mutations have notably been reported in HIV-HBV co-infected patients [11, 12] who develop lamivudine resistance at an annual rate of 20%, with a projected rate of 90% after four years of therapy .
The consequences of drug resistance mutations for the evolution of HBV induced liver disease are currently under study. Hepatitis B acute exacerbation has been described after withdrawal of lamivudine therapy . Such an exacerbation has also been associated with the appearance of YMDD mutants [14, 15] and with a rapid increase of viral load .
The present study was performed to characterize HBV variants and genetic patterns of lamivudine resistant HBV strains in a patient co-infected with HIV-1 at different periods of an antiretroviral treatment with and without lamivudine.
A 30-year-old male patient initiated a hemodialysis treatment in August 1995. At that time, he was negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as well as for anti-HBc and anti-HIV antibodies. The patient received three blood transfusions during the first trimester of 1996 and developed a posttransfusional hepatitis. He became HBsAg and anti-HIV positive and remained positive for both markers in all routine tests performed between 1996 and 2002. Data of other tests, such as serum transaminases, CD4 levels, and HIV load, performed in external laboratories between 1995 and 2002, were available. Resistance to different HIV therapies was evaluated by the medical staff based on HIV load and CD4 levels. HIV treatment started in April 1996, with a combination of zidovudine (AZT) and didanosine (ddI). In November 1996, this treatment was modified to a combination of AZT and lamivudine which was maintained until March 1997, when treatment was once again changed to triple therapy with AZT, lamivudine and invirase. In May 1999, high HIV load (3.1 × 105 copies/ml) was observed, indicating HIV resistance. At that time the patient started an anti-tuberculosis treatment with rifampicin. However, due to interaction of antiretroviral drugs with rifampicin, the administration of antiretroviral drugs was discontinued. This resulted in a decrease of CD4 counts to 156 cells/ml, while elevated levels of HIV persisted at the end of 1999. Antiretroviral treatment resumed in January 2000, composed of four drugs, namely ddI, stavudine, nevirapine (NVP) and nelfinavir (NFV). As a consequence, CD4 cell counts increased noticeably, and HIV RNA became undetectable. Unfortunately, resistance to therapy was observed during the second semester of 2001, when HIV load reached 1.2 × 105 copies/ml and CD4 counts decreased to 120 cells/ml. The treatment was then replaced by another including lamivudine associated to AZT, NVP and NFV. No HIV resistance was observed until the end of the follow-up (November 2002). The patient died of renal failure at the end of 2003.
Three serum samples collected in March 1999, August 2000 and November 2002, were available for HBV DNA analysis. Sera were submitted to DNA extraction by the phenol-chloroform method after treatment with proteinase K, as described previously . HBV pre-S/S genomic region was amplified by PCR using sense primer PS1 (5'-CCATATTCTTGGGAACAAGA-3', nt 2826-2845) and a mix of antisense primers S2 (5'-GGGTTTAAATGTATACCCAAAGA-3', nt 841-819) and S22 (5'-GTATTTAAATGGATACCCACAGA-3', nt 841-819), able to amplify all HBV genotypes. PCR assays were performed under the following conditions: 94°C, 30 s; 52°C, 1 min; 72°C, 2 min; 35 cycles, followed by a final elongation of 7 min at 72°C. Amplification products (10 μL) were loaded on a 2% agarose gel, electrophoresed, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized under UV light.
Quantification of HBV DNA was performed by endpoint dilution. DNA samples were diluted to a tenfold series up to 10-8 dilution. Each dilution was submitted to PCR with oligonucleotide pairs PS1–PS2, designed in the pre-S region and C1–C2 (core region), as described previously . Serial dilutions and PCR assays for HBV DNA quantification were performed in triplicate. The sensitivity of the method has been estimated to about 100 copies per PCR reaction , equivalent to 104 HBV genome copies per milliliter of serum. Quantitative results were estimated by dividing 104 copies/ml by the last positive dilution.
Pre-S/S PCR products were cloned into pCRII plasmid vector using TA cloning kit (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). For nucleotide sequencing, recombinant plasmid DNAs were purified by a commercially available kit (Plasmid midi kit, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Nucleotide sequences were determined using the Cy5 auto read sequencing kit (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK) with M13 universal and reverse primers, as well as internal, HBV specific primers. For direct sequencing (S region), PCR products were extracted from low melting agarose gels (Qiaquick gel extraction kit, Qiagen). Sequencing reactions with HBV specific primers were done using the thermo sequenase Cy5 dye terminator sequencing kit and analyzed on an ALFexpress automated sequencer (Amersham Biosciences). Independent plus and minus strand sequencing was completed.
Nucleotide sequences were aligned using PILEUP (Wisconsin Sequences Analysis Package GCG, Madison, WI). A phylogenetic tree was generated by neighbour-joining analysis of genetic distances, using the TREECON software package for Windows . HBV sequences available from the GenBank database (accession numbers AY090458, M57663, U55220-U55222, J02201 and X51970) were used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree.
The patient under study developed an acute hepatitis and became anti-HIV positive in 1996, soon after receiving blood transfusions during the initial period of hemodialysis treatment. He became an HBV chronic carrier, with all blood samples collected between 1996 and 2002 being positive for HBsAg and HBeAg. During this period, the patient remained asymptomatic without clinical signs for HBV infection. Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels remained normal all during the follow-up. However, an increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels to 180 IU/L was observed in March 1999 (Figure 1).
HBV load (vertical bars) and ALT levels (curve) during antiretroviral therapies.
HIV treatment started in April 1996. Lamivudine was introduced as part of antiretroviral treatment in November 1996. HBV DNA was detected at high levels (108copies/ml) in the blood sample collected in March 1999, during this first period of lamivudine treatment (Figure 1). In May 1999, lamivudine was discontinued, and the sample analyzed during the period of lamivudine interruption (August 2001) showed the highest (109 copies/ml) HBV DNA titre mesured in this study. HBV DNA was again detected at high levels (108copies/ml) after reintroduction of lamivudine (November 2002, Figure 1).
Nucleotide sequences of HBVs (pre-S/S region) derived from HBsAg/HBeAg positive samples collected in March 1999, August 2001 and November 2002 were determined (three clones each). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all nine clones belonged to genotype A. This genotype has been subdivided into two subgenomic groups, designated A-A' (genotype A excluding A') and A' . Recently, subgroups A-A' and A' were designated respectively as A1 and A2  or Ae and Aa . Isolates belonging to subgroup A' have been first identified in South Africa and circulate in a high proportion among HBV Brazilian isolates . As can be observed on the phylogenetic tree represented in Figure 2, all clones belonged to subgroup A' and were closely related to each other. The six clones obtained during the two periods of lamivudine treatment (1999 and 2002) clustered separately (with a bootstrap value of 86%) from those obtained in 2001, during the period of lamivudine interruption.
Phylogenetic tree of HBV isolates constructed with the neighbor-joining method, and based on the nucleotide sequences of the entire pre-S/S region (nt positions 2854 to 833). Isolates whose names begin by 1,2,3 were molecular clones from this study derived from samples collected in 1999, 2001, and 2002, respectively. The other isolates are designated by their GenBank accession numbers. Genotype A isolates clustered in two subgroups, designated A-A' (genotype A excluding A') and A' . The sequence AY090458 belongs to genotype F and was used as an outgroup. Numbers at internal nodes indicate percentage of 100 bootstrap replicates that support the branch. Only values > 85% are indicated. The horizontal bar provides a genetic distance.
Table 1 shows the main amino acid changes observed in the S region of the genome. Two substitutions, H359Y in the polymerase and Y100C in the surface antigen (small S), were observed in all HBV sequences. These two changes were natural variation, characteristics of the HBV strain infecting the patient under study. All three clones derived from the sample collected in 1999, during the first lamivudine treatment, showed two lamivudine resistant mutations (L526M and M550V), also detected in the major viral population by direct sequencing. One clone (1-B57) showed an additional mutation related to drug resistance (V519L) that was not detected by direct sequencing. None of these three mutations associated with lamivudine resistance was observed in sequences derived from the second sample (2001). In contrast, all three clones derived from the third sample (2002) showed the three lamivudine resistant mutations. However, by direct sequencing of PCR products of this last sample, the electropherogram could detect two nucleotides (A and G) at the same sequence position indicating a mixture of V519 and L519 residues. Curiously, all HBV sequences obtained during the period without lamivudine treatment (2001) displayed a unique G473E substitution in the polymerase gene. Stop mutations were also observed in the small S protein, which was truncated at position 182 in clone 2-B14 and at position 216 in clone 2-B62 (Table 1).
Lamivudine resistant mutations in the viral DNA polymerase and their counterparts in the small surface antigen are marked in bold. Asterisks represent stop mutations.
Due to overlapping of polymerase and S genes on the HBV genome, mutations at positions 473, 519 and 550 of the polymerase were accompanied by mutations at positions 119, 164 and 195 of the small S protein (Table 1).
Among lamivudine resistant mutations, those in the YMDD motif of the HBV DNA polymerase are the most common. The resistance occurs by replacement of a methionine residue at position 550 by either valine (M550V) or isoleucine (M550I). More rarely, HBV variant presenting M550S replacement may be selected during lamivudine treatment  The M550V variant may be accompanied by a mutation (leucine to methionine) at position 526 . In the absence of HIV infection, the mutation at position 550 alone has been found in up to two-thirds of patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. However, more than 90% of HIV-HBV co-infected patients display the double lamivudine resistant mutation at positions 526 and 550 . Furthermore, the presence of L526M mutation in addition to mutation at position 550 seems to be associated with prolonged lamivudine treatment . The double mutant has been shown to exhibit a 15-fold decrease of the in vitro susceptibility to lamivudine , since each mutation contributes to the loss of lamivudine sensitivity . It is believed that the L526M mutation, when not accompanied with a mutation in the YMDD motif, does not confer lamivudine resistance . Even so, the L526M mutation has been found alone in patients under lamivudine therapy . Here, both L526M and M550V mutations were detected in all HBV sequences derived from the two blood samples collected during lamivudine treatment (1999 and 2002). Besides these common mutations, a third lamivudine resistant, rare mutation [11, 31], namely V519L, was detected in one clone derived from the sample collected in 1999 as well as in all HBV sequences derived from the sample collected in 2002. This was in agreement with recent observations, showing that long lamivudine treatment may result in the predominance of this rare mutant . The triple mutation V519L, L526M, M550V causes the concomitant amino acid substitutions E164D and I195M in the small S protein. It has been shown that this triple mutant has a reduced in vitro affinity to anti-HBs antibodies, similar to the hepatitis B vaccine escape mutant G145R [11, 31]. The accumulation of mutations in the HBV genome should be monitored in order to guide patient management adequately.
There is a general consensus that the lamivudine resistant single mutants in the YMDD motif (M550V/I) replicate substantially more slowly than the wild type. The addition of the mutation at position 526 may act as a compensatory change that partially restores the replication fitness of the virus . Here, in agreement with this observation, HBV DNA was detected at high levels (about 108 copies/ml) in the blood sample collected in 1999, in which the double mutant represents the major viral population. Similar high HBV loads were observed in the sample containing the triple mutant (2002). This result is in agreement with a recent study, showing that V519L mutation also enhances viral replication .
The HBV population that emerged during the interruption of lamivudine treatment did not show mutations at polymerase positions 519, 526 and 550. However, another substitution, namely G473E, was observed that was associated to G119R substitution in the small S protein. Such a virus might be present as a minor population but not detected during the first lamivudine treatment. Although two out three clones of this population possessed stop codon mutations in S gene, HBV load (109 copies/ml) was moderately higher during the lamivudine interruption period than that found during lamivudine periods.
HBV chronically infected patients submitted to lamivudine treatment may have acute exacerbation after withdrawal of drug therapy or when lamivudine resistance emerges [8, 14–16, 26, 35–37]. In HIV-HBV co-infected patients, withdrawal of lamivudine may result in severe [8, 35, 37] or fulminant  hepatitis. Factors that trigger severe hepatitis in these cases are not well known. Both viral load and genome variations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation. Here, the patient under study did not present clinical signs of HBV infection. The absence of acute exacerbation after the emergence of lamivudine resistant variants may be correlated to the absence of significant variations of the viral load. Indeed, HBV DNA was detected at high levels (108–109 copies/ml) at different periods of antiretroviral treatment with and without lamivudine.
A rare HBV triple mutant, belonging to genotype A, subgroup A', appeared predominantly in a patient submitted to lamivudine as part of HIV treatment. This type of mutant, previously found in isolates belonging to genotypes A, D and G [15, 36], may behave as a vaccine escape mutant. Understanding the circumstances leading to the appearance of such HBV strains may help to guide future therapies in HIV-HBV co-infected patients. A correlation may exist between acute exacerbation of hepatitis B and HBV load in lamivudine treated patients.
The authors acknowledge Drs Christian Niel and Regina MB Martins for the critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).
EAS and MVS carried out cloning and sequencing of HBV DNA. JA was involved in clinical evaluation of the patient and supervised the antiretroviral treatment. SAG conceived the study, participated in its design and coordination, and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Making a Difference: Kathy Warwick, RDN, LDN, CDE, January 2016 - Becky Dorner & Associates, Inc.
By 2030, 1 out of 5 Americans will be over the age of 65, and 1 out of 4 of these older adults will have diabetes. Diabetes alone is the cause of 43.4% of hospital admissions and more than half of nursing home admissions for this rapidly growing segment of the population. Despite the significant number of older adults living with diabetes, there is little research to guide healthcare providers in care decisions. Older adults with diabetes deserve competent, patient-centered, compassionate care that enhances quality of life and simplifies dealing with a complicated chronic illness. That's why I've chosen to make this area of practice my focus and my mission is to improve nutrition care for older adults with diabetes.
What have you done or are you doing to improve the life of older adults living with diabetes?
For most of my career as an RDN, I have lobbied for people with diabetes to have access to diabetes self-management education services and medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by RDN's. On the state and federal level, I have met with legislators to encourage reimbursement for our services as well as expansion of MNT benefits to address prevention of diabetes in those diagnosed with pre-diabetes. My passionate belief is that prevention will improve the quality of life for older adults and save Medicare dollars.
For the last several years, I have traveled the country and spoken to numerous professional groups on the special considerations and needs of the older adult with diabetes. This population typically has multiple chronic illnesses to manage and requires more in-depth assessment as well as simplified treatment plans. Challenging issues include financial stress, depression, loss of independence, limited heath literacy, polypharmacy, and isolation to name a few. RDN's are the experts on medical nutrition therapy, but must respect that individuals with diabetes are the experts on their own lives. Individualized, patient-driven care is the goal. RDN's must be integrated into the health care team for provision of optimum coordinated diabetes care.
I am working to promote the transition away from medicalized restrictive diets in long term care communities. In addition, new recommendations from diabetes organizations have targeted elimination of sliding-scale insulin for long term management of diabetes in nursing facilities. RDN's consulting in long term care will need to understand insulin action and be able to coordinate with the healthcare team on quality improvement initiatives that minimize sliding scale use. As a certified diabetes educator with long term care experience, I hope to do more training with RDN's to promote quality diabetes care in this setting.
What inspires you to continue working on your mission/vision?
For most of my career, I have worked in long-term care and in diabetes self-management education programs. Older adults have had a special impact on my personal and professional life. They tend to be ignored by most of society, but have so much to teach us. Older adults deserve empathy and the best quality of life that we can provide. Many of my clients take the time to express appreciation for helping them understand and deal with this labor intensive chronic disease.
What advice would you give to other RDN's who are trying to make a difference for older adults with diabetes?
This is a very challenging diverse group to care for. I have clients who are working into their 80's and 90's and travel the world on vacation. Other clients are struggling with mobility and declining health at 65 years old. Individualization of medical nutrition therapy that is sensitive to the values and desires of these clients will be the key to achieving desired outcomes.
What one tip would you give nutrition professionals working with adults living with diabetes?
Start every encounter with a simple open-ended question such as "What's the most difficult part of living with diabetes for you right now?" Then be careful to listen to the answer. Many times, the client will reveal a barrier that is keeping them from achieving good diabetes control. This may have nothing to do with following their eating plan, but you can communicate critical information to the other health care team members for appropriate support. So many factors can influence diabetes control. Never automatically assume someone is "non-compliant," they may just need a sympathetic advocate.


The students who wish to have their study period extended and continue to study for the coming semester, please get the <APPLICATION FORM TO EXTEND STUDY TERM> from Teaching Management Office, then come to register at the International Students Office Room 236 of Physics Building (Bldg.14 on campus map). You should bring with this application form, your student ID card, passport, 1 photo and pay tuition fees during Nov.14 - Dec. 20 . If you failed to register during this period, you have to apply as a new student for next semester and pay the application fee again.
Note: Scholarship students and exchange students who have been enrolled for one year study don't need to apply for next semester again. Please register for the new semester at the Physics Building (Bldg.14 on campus map) between 13:00-16:00 on Feb.15 , 2017.


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COLLECTIONS & ACQUISITIONS
- Centre Pompidou, National Museum of Modern Art, Paris, France - FOAM Photography Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands - The New Art Gallery Walsall, UK - Kiran Nadar Museum, New Delhi, India - Villa Lena Foundation, Palaia, Italy - The Brook Collection Limited, UK - Musée de la Roche-sur-Yon, France - Collection Hiscox France - Domaine de Chamarande, France - Saatchi Gallery, London, UK - David Roberts Art Foundation, London, UK - Artwise Curators, London, UK - Winterthur Fotomuseum, Germany - Conran Foundation, London, UK - Leamington Spa Art Gallery & Museum, Warwickshire, UK - Mead Gallery, University of Warwick, UK - University of Hertfordshire Art Collection, UK - The ING Collection, Amsterdam, The Netherlands AWARDS AND RESIDENCY
- Exposure Award 2019, Photofairs Shanghai, China - Mention of Honor for the SIPEP 2018, The Israel Museum, Jérusalem - Residency at the Manufacture de Sèvres 2017-2020, Paris - Research residency, 2018, Neutra VDL House, Los Angeles, USA - HSBC Prize 2013, Paris, France - Pix Sea Award 2013, Knokke Heist, Belgique IN SITU INSTALLATIONS 2024 - Permanent installation in Blanc Mesnil Station, Commission work for Société du Grand Paris, FR 2019 - Blocs, Permanent installation in Marfa,Texas,USA - In Search of the First Line, Meininger Staatstheater, Meiningen, DE - Blocs, Rush Festival commissioned work for Frac Normandy Rouen, France - Southern Light Stations, Temporary installation Hayward gallery, London, UK


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Saving lives with plastic waste: Ugandan company recycles plastics into PPE for hospitals
By Abiodun Ogundairo
28 December 2020 | 7:09 am
It's Christmas Day and following a year which has been harrowing for so many, we've decided to look back at the good news of 2020. We begin in Uganda, where a plastics company that specialises in recycling switched from making building materials to face shields to help hospitals. We also go to Benin, where the closure of the border with Nigeria has led to a push for more locally produced food, some of it on rooftops. And our correspondent in DR Congo looks back at how an NGO is helping Ebola survivors turn their lives around.
recycles
Nigerian company turns e-waste into solar power
A business in Nigeria is recycled discarded laptops into solar lanterns - creating a solution to the country's severe power outages whilst also helping to tackle climate change.
Son of Ugandan President threatens to invade Kenya on Twitter, triggers a flurry of misinformation
General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, the son of Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, sent out a series of tweets about Kenya on October 3, in which he threatened to invade the neighbouring country. Following these "humorous" comments, a video taken out of context is circulating on Kenyan social media, in which users mock the Ugandan military. We tell you more in this edition of Truth or Fake.
Turning organic waste into renewable energy
This process, known as fluidization is very efficient at converting food waste into high-valuable sources of energy-rich synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, also called syngas. Syngas can be used to generate heat and power.
Poland chooses US company to build its first nuclear power plant
Poland is hoping to get its first-ever nuclear power plant online by 2033 with the help of a US firm. Russian aggression has pushed forward the long-awaited plan.
Why is India's single-use plastic ban failing?
Plastic waste has become a significant source of pollution in India. But the country is struggling to find an alternative to single-use plastics and establish an effective waste management system.
Germany plans plastic levy to fund litter cleanup
The German government has backed a draft law to charge companies over the sale of single-use plastic products. The plan still needs approval from lawmakers.
Plastic recycling a 'myth' as packaging explodes
Major companies are falling short on their commitments to recycle and reduce plastic, a fossil fuel byproduct, even as Coca-Cola sponsors this year's climate conference.
How to save Germany's hospitals
The government has pledged billions to help hospitals face rising inflation and energy costs. It has also promised "the biggest hospital reform in 20 years" to fix the system. That is badly needed, but will it work?
Fighting food waste to save the planet: Initiatives crop up in France
In France, where 8 million people are food insecure, 10 million tonnes of food are thrown away every year. But initiatives are under way to limit food waste. In the heart of Paris's La Défense business district, the eco-conscious restaurant La Salle à Manger makes cheap meals out of leftovers from local caterers and unsold food from supermarkets.
Nigerians trade waste material for health insurance
Jerome Ngutor had trouble with a persistent stomach ache but like many Nigerians, he did not have money to see a doctor. Then he heard about a novel idea to get health insurance - collect waste material and trade it for cover.
COP27 sponsor Coca-Cola named worst plastic polluter for fifth consecutive year
COP27 Sponsor The Coca-Cola Company named worst plastic polluter for five years in a row according to 2022 Brand Audit. The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, and Nestlé come in as the world's top plastic polluters for five years running, according to Break Free From Plastic's latest global brand audit report.
Climate-killing food waste addressed at UN talks
A third of the food we produce is wasted, emitting as much as 10% of global greenhouse gases. Failed targets to reduce food waste — especially in rich nations — need to be urgently updated at COP27, says UN.


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Q: How do I create an Image of a VM using Azure Resource Manager I've been using the classic Azure Portal for a while now, and I know how to create a VM, customize it, then capture it as an Image and use that image to create more VMs.
Now I'm trying to use the new Azure Portal.  I created the VM and customized it, now I want to capture an image so I can make more VMs exactly the same way.  The problem is the new web portal doesn't capture option.

A: As far as I know, you can do it via Powershell:
Login-AzureRmAccount
Get-AzureRmSubscription
Select-AzureRmSubscription -SubscriptionId "<subscriptionID>"

Stop-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName <resourceGroup> -Name <vmName>
Set-AzureRmVm -ResourceGroupName <resourceGroup> -Name <vmName> -Generalized
Save-AzureRmVMImage -ResourceGroupName <resourceGroupName> -Name <vmName> `
     -DestinationContainerName <destinationContainerName> -VHDNamePrefix <templateNamePrefix> `
     -Path <C:\local\Filepath\Filename.json>

For more details visit: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/virtual-machines-windows-capture-image


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JinkoSolar Files 2011 Annual Report on Form 20-F
April 20, 2012 by Jack	in Finance	· 0 Comment
SHANGHAI, April 19, 2012 /PRNewswire-Asia/ — JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. ("JinkoSolar" or the "Company") (NYSE: JKS), a vertically integrated solar power product manufacturer with cost efficient operations based in China, announced today that it filed its annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2012. The annual report on Form 20-F is available on the investor relations section of the Company's website at www.jinkosolar.com. JinkoSolar will provide a hard copy of the annual report containing its audited consolidated financial statements, free of charge, to its shareholders and ADS holders upon request.
About JinkoSolar
JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (NYSE: JKS) is a vertically integrated solar power product manufacturer with cost efficient operations based in Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province in China and sales and marketing offices in Shanghai, China, Munich, Germany, San Francisco, U.S., Queensland, Australia, Ontario, Canada, Bologna, Italy, Montpellier, France and Zug, Switzerland. JinkoSolar has built a vertically integrated solar product value chain with an integrated annual capacity of approximately 1.2 GW each for silicon ingots, silicon wafers, solar cells and solar modules as of December 31, 2011. JinkoSolar distributes its photovoltaic products to a diversified customer base in the global PV market; including Germany, Italy, France, Cyprus, Belgium, Spain, the United States, Eastern Europe, China and other countries and regions.
SafeHarbor Statement
This press release may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates" and similar statements. Such statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, JinkoSolar's ability to obtain additional capital to fund its operations and business expansion, its ability to obtain sufficient silicon raw materials in a timely manner, the general economic and business environment and conditions, the volatility of JinkoSolar's operating results, its ability to attract and retain qualified employees, key technical personnel and executive officers. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in JinkoSolar's public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2012. All information provided in this press release is as of April 18, 2012. Except as required by law, JinkoSolar undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
In China:
Sebastian Liu
JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd.
Email: ir@jinkosolar.com
Christian Arnell
Christensen
Email: carnell@christensenir.com
In the U.S.:
Jeff Bloker
Email: jbloker@christensenir.com
China Sunergy Strengthens Cooperation with SUNfarming Group to Further Expand Market Share in Germany
Canadian Solar to Attend the Mirae Asset Green Energy Access Day


Lord Rishabhdev also known as Lord Adinath was the first Jain Tirthankar of present time cycle. He lived before civilization developed. He became a Siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma..
Namokara mantra is the most significant mantra in Jainism. This is the first prayer recited by the Jains while meditating. The mantra is also variously referred to as the Pancha Namaskāra Mantra, Navakāra Mantra or Namaskāra Mantra.
जीवों के प्रति दया रखो, घृणा विनाश की ओर ले जाती है।.