text:
\section{I. introduction}
 A superconducting qubit
provides us with excellent controllability of the system for quantum
information processing.
 Coherent
 manipulations of superconducting qubits
 have already been demonstrated experimentally, and actually
  it is possible to perform a single qubit rotation
 within a few nano seconds by using a
resonant microwave field \cite{kutsuzawa-rotation}.
 Also, a high fidelity single qubit measurement has already
 been achieved with existing technology
 \cite{ClarkeWilhelm01a}.
  Specifically, a method using a Josephson
 Bifurcation Amplifier (JBA)
 \cite{SiddiqiVijayPierreWilsonMetcalfeRigettiFrunzioDevoret01a,LupacuSaitoPicotGrootHarmansMooij01a}
 has been used experimentally to perform a non-destructive measurement
 on the superconducting qubit.

 However, the coherence time of the superconducting qubit is usually
 relatively short where the typical dephasing time is
 of the order of a microsecond at the optimal point and becomes tens of nanoseconds far from
 the optimal point
 \cite{KakuyanagiMenoSaitoNakanoSembaTakayanagiDeppeShnirman01a,YoshiharaHarrabiNiskanenNakamura01a,
 astafiev2004quantum}.

 Recently, to overcome the problem of the short coherence time,
 a hybrid
 approach has been suggested that one can use
  another physical system as a quantum
 memory.
 \textcolor{black}{One promising system for quantum memory is an atomic
 ensemble of electronic spins such as P-doped Si and nitrogen atoms
 in fullerene cages C${}_{60}$  where the spin ensemble is
 coupled with the superconducting qubit through a microwave cavity \cite{tyryshkin2003electron,
 morton2008solid,morton2007environmental}.
 Magnetic coupling between a
 superconducting flux qubit and a spin ensemble such as nitrogen-vacancy centers in
 diamond can also provide such a hybrid system \cite{marcos2010coupling, zhu2011coherent}.
 Spin ensemble qubits typically have
 a long coherence time of, for example, tens of milliseconds, which is a million
 times longer than that of a superconducting qubit
 \cite{tyryshkin2003electron, morton2008solid,morton2007environmental,
 marcos2010coupling}. Moreover, for the electron spins bound to donors
 in silicon, coherence times can be as long as several seconds
 \cite{tyryshkin2011electron}.
}

   It is known that a superconducting qubit could potentially provide a
   memory qubit if the lifetime could be
   increased. The control and the measurement setup used for the
   superconducting qubit, however, induces decoherence, and so there is a trade off
   relationship between efficient control and a long coherence time \cite{van2003engineering}.
   This means that, by sacrificing controllability, it would be
   possible to have a
   much longer coherence time for a memory superconducting qubit \cite{van2003engineering,Bylander2011dynamicalnoise}.
   By combining a superconducting qubit with excellent controllability
   and another superconducting qubit with a long coherence time, we can
   construct a hybrid system to take advantage of both
   characteristics.
   \textcolor{black}{
   For example, a recent experiment coupling two superconducting phase qubits with a
 resonant cavity \cite{altomare2010tripartite} showed the possibility of
 utilizing one of the qubits for control and the other for memory
 where two phase qubits are entangled through the common quantum bus,
 namely the resonant cavity \cite{blais2007quantum}.}
   Another example is a hybrid system consisting of a superconducting qubit and a
microwave cavity. Strong coupling has been realized between the superconducting qubit and
microwave cavity \cite{wallraff2004strong,
 houck2007generating}, which shows a possible application of
 a high Q cavity as a quantum memory
 for storing the information.

 However, in this paper, we \textcolor{black}{point out quantitatively} that such hybrid systems composed of
 a superconducting qubit and a memory qubit
 \textcolor{black}{could} have a potential error caused by unwanted energy leakage from the memory
 qubit.

 \textcolor{black}{When we} transfer the quantum information to the memory,
 we have to
 tune the energy of the superconducting qubit on resonance with the memory
 qubit, and then it becomes possible to swap the information from the
 controllable qubit to the memory qubit.
 \textcolor{black}{Subsequently, by changing external magnetic field, we can detune the
 energy of the superconducting qubit to decouple from the memory qubit.}
 Importantly, the superconducting qubit is usually affected by
 severe dephasing
 \cite{KakuyanagiMenoSaitoNakanoSembaTakayanagiDeppeShnirman01a,YoshiharaHarrabiNiskanenNakamura01a},
 and this induces an incoherent energy \textcolor{black}{leakage}
 from the memory qubit to the superconducting qubit during
 information storage.
 \textcolor{black}{
 This energy relaxation caused by dephasing violates the energy
 conservation}, and this phenomenon can be understood as an occurrence of
 anti-Zeno effect for quantum transport
 \cite{plenio2008dephasing,rebentrost2009environment,caruso2009highly,fujii2010anti}.

 With reasonable
 experimental parameters, we \textcolor{black}{evaluate} the actual lifetime of the
 memory qubit, and this turns out to be

 much shorter than the previously expected lifetime
 of the memory qubits
 \cite{tyryshkin2003electron, morton2008solid,morton2007environmental, marcos2010coupling}.
  We will suggest possible ways to avoid such an energy
 relaxation process, which is feasible with
 current technology.

 \textcolor{black}{The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In
 Sec II, we review the concept of quantum Zeno and anti Zeno effects.
 Sec III presents the details of our calculations to show how unwanted
 relaxation occurs in the memory qubit due to the instability of the
 detuned but weakly coupled superconducting qubit. In Sec IV, we suggest
 some ways to avoid
 such relaxation by using the idea of the decoherence free subspace.
 Sec V concludes our discussion.}
            \begin{figure}[h]
       \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=8.75cm]{4newanti-schema.pdf}
        \caption{Schematic of the enhanced relaxation of the memory qubit via
        imperfect decoupling from a superconducting qubit.
        We assume that the superconducting qubit is affected by decoherence
        while there is no direct coupling between the environment and the
        memory qubit.
        Since we can
        tune the energy of the superconducting qubit, it is possible to make
        the energy of the superconducting qubit on resonance with the energy
        of the memory qubit to transfer the information. It is also possible
        to tune the energy of the superconducting qubit far from the
        resonance when \textcolor{black}{keeping the stored} information. However, this type of
        selective coupling has a significant drawback \textcolor{black}{during the information
        storage in the memory qubit, as explained in the main text}.

        }\label{antizeno-schema}
       \end{center}
       \end{figure}
\section{II. Quantum Zeno and anti Zeno effects}
\textcolor{black}{Quantum Zeno and anti Zeno effects are fascinating
phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics \cite{BECG01a,Kofman01a,Cook01a}.
Let us summarize the quantum Zeno and anti Zeno effects.
When an unstable excited state decays to a ground state, we can
define the survival probability $P_{\text{e}}(t)$ as the population remaining in the excited
state at time $t$.
If this survival probability exhibits a quadratic behavior in the initial
stage of the decay such as $P_{\text{e}}(t)\simeq 1-\Gamma ^2t^2$ for $\Gamma
t\ll 1$, it is possible to confine the state to the excited level via
frequent projective measurements.
When we perform $N$ projective measurements with a time interval $\tau
=\frac{t}{N}$
to determine whether or not the state
is still in the excited state, the probability of projecting the state in
the excited level for all $N$ measurements is calculated as $P(t,N)\simeq
(1-\Gamma ^2 \tau ^2)^N\simeq 1-\Gamma ^2 \frac{t^2}{N}$.
This success
probability approaches unity as the number of
measurements increases. So the system is frozen and decay can be completely
suppressed, which is called the quantum Zeno effect.
On the other hand, if the survival probability exhibits an
exponential decay such as $P_{\text{e}}(t)=e^{-\Gamma t}$, the probability of confining the state to the excited
level by performing $N$ measurements is calculated as
$P(t,N)=(e^{-\Gamma \tau })^N=e^{-\Gamma t}$. Here,
the projective measurements do not change the success probability,
which means that
we cannot observe quantum Zeno effect for such an exponential decay
system.
 Interestingly, it is known that unstable systems show quadratic
decay initially and exponential decay later
\cite{NakazatoNamikiPascazio01a}.
The temporal scale used to denote the crossover from quadratic to exponential
decay is known as the jump time \cite{Schulman01a}.
Therefore, to observe the quantum Zeno effect, it is necessary to perform
projective measurements on a time scale shorter than the jump time.
Moreover, it was predicted that, when projective measurements are performed
on a time scale comparable to the jump time, the decay is effectively
accelerated, and this is called the anti quantum Zeno effect \cite{Kofman01a, kaulakys1997quantum}.
Recently, it was also predicted that the
 anti quantum Zeno
effect can be induced when we perform false measurements
 \cite{koshino2004quantum}, namely,
 the decay dynamics of the unstable state can be enhanced by frequent measurements with
an erroneous apparatus
 where
the energy band of the measurement apparatus is significantly different from
the energy of the signal emitted from the unstable state.
}
\section{III. Enhanced energy relaxation process}
 Let us study the unexpected relaxation of the memory qubit
 \textcolor{black}{in a hybrid system}
 shown in Fig. \ref{antizeno-schema} quantitatively.
 Although such relaxation behavior has been studied by
 \cite{plenio2008dephasing,rebentrost2009environment,caruso2009highly,fujii2010anti}
 in an anti Zeno context for quantum energy transport,
 we introduce a
 simpler solvable model and we derive an analytical form of the energy
 relaxation time of the memory qubit.
 To describe the coupling between the superconducting
 qubit and the memory qubit, we use the following Hamiltonian called the Jaynes-Cummings model
or the Tavis-Cummings model
 \begin{eqnarray}
  H=\frac{\omega _{\text{sc}}}{2} \hat{\sigma }_z ^{\text{(sc)}}
   +\frac{\omega
   _{\text{\text{m}}}}{2}  \hat{\sigma }_z^{\text{(m)}}
   +g(\hat{\sigma }_+^{(\text{sc})}\hat{\sigma }_-^{(\text{m})}+
   \hat{\sigma }_-^{(\text{sc})}\hat{\sigma }_+^{(\text{m})} )
   \label{hamiltonian}
 \end{eqnarray}
 where $\omega ^{(\text{sc})}$ ($\omega ^{(\text{m})}$)
 denotes the energy of the superconducting qubit (memory qubit) and $g$
 denotes the coupling strength of the interaction.
\textcolor{black}{Note that, although we refer to a superconducting qubit as a
 control system coupled with the memory in this paper, the analysis here can be applied to
 any system
 as long as the interaction with the memory device
 is described by the Jaynes-Cummings model
or the Tavis-Cummings model.
These models are of fundamental importance not only for the present setup
 but also for many variations: coupling between
 superconducting qubits \cite{neeley2010generationetal,steffen2006measurement}: a
 superconducting qubit interacting with a microwave cavity
 \cite{altomare2010tripartite,blais2007quantum}, a superconducting resonator coupled with
 a spin ensemble \cite{kubo2010strong,schuster2010high, abe2011electron}, or a
 superconducting flux qubit magnetically coupled with nitrogen-vacancy centers in
 diamond \cite{marcos2010coupling}.}
Since we can change the energy of the superconducting qubit, it is
possible to detune the energy between qubits when keeping the information
stored in the memory.
In this paper, $\Delta =\omega _{\text{sc}} -\omega _{\text{m}}$ denotes detuning during such a
storage.
We choose the initial state as $|0\rangle _{\text{sc}}|1\rangle _{\text{m}}$ to
represent the storage of the excitation in the memory qubit. Note that,
since the Hamiltonian conserves the total number of the excitation, the
bases taken into account are $|0\rangle
_{\text{sc}}|1\rangle _{\text{m}}$ and $|1\rangle _{\text{sc}}|0\rangle _{\text{m}}$,
as long as we consider only the dephasing of the superconducting qubit as
the decoherence source. \textcolor{black}{In other words, the state of the
coupled system is always in the Hilbert subspace spanned by these two bases.}
Also, it is worth mentioning that, throughout this paper, we assume that
the memory
qubit is coupled only with the superconducting qubit and
has no direct interaction with the environment. The assumption here is
valid as long as the lifetime of the memory qubit is much longer than
that of a superconducting qubit. \textcolor{black}{This is actually true for
typical memory qubits because
 the coherence time of memory qubits can be tens of milliseconds,
 which is a million
 times longer than that of superconducting qubits
 \cite{tyryshkin2003electron, morton2008solid,morton2007environmental,
 marcos2010coupling}. }
To obtain an analytical solution of the dynamics under the effect of the dephasing, we adopt a simple model where the
system is affected by the unitary operation and the decoherence
alternatively, so that we can obtain a recursion equation
as $ \rho _{(n+1)\tau} =\hat{\mathcal{E}}(e^{-iH \tau }\rho _{n \tau
  }e^{iH\tau })$.
Here, $\rho _{n\tau }$ denotes the density matrix of the system at time
$n\tau $,
$\hat{\mathcal{E}}$ denotes the dephasing process, and $\tau $ denotes a
period during the unitary operation.
\textcolor{black}{ In the limit for
a small $\tau $, this simplification can be justified by the Trotter
expansion \cite{trotter1959}.
Moreover, the effect of dephasing can be considered
a process of measurements without postselection, which we refer to as a
``non-selective measurement''.
For example, if a pure state $\alpha |0\rangle +\beta |1\rangle $
decoheres due to the dephasing, we finally obtain a mixed state $|\alpha
|^2|0\rangle \langle 0|+|\beta |^2|1\rangle \langle 1|$, which is the
same state as that obtained after performing a projective measurement
with respect to \textcolor{black}{$\hat{\sigma }_z=|0\rangle \langle 0|-|1\rangle \langle 1|$} on the
pure state and
discarding the measurement results \cite{vNbook32springer, koshino2005quantumshimizu}.
Therefore, our model can be interpreted as one where the environment ``sees'' the system frequently to degrade the quantum
  coherence, which provides us with an intuitive connection between our
  calculation and the quantum Zeno effect. When}
 the time $\tau $ is comparable to the dephasing time
$T^{(\text{sc})}_2$ of the superconducting qubit such as $\tau =\alpha T^{(\text{sc})}_2$ where
$\alpha $ is a fitting parameter \textcolor{black}{of the order of unity},
the off-diagonal terms of the density matrix become small.
So we consider the superoperator
$\mathcal{\hat{E}}$ to be a non-selective measurement process for removing out
the off-diagonal terms as follows;
\begin{eqnarray}
 \mathcal{\hat{E}}(\rho _{n\tau })&\simeq &(|0\rangle _{\text{sc}}\langle
  0|\otimes \hat{\openone} _{m})\rho _{n\tau }(|0\rangle _{\text{sc}}\langle
  0|\otimes \hat{\openone} _{m})\nonumber \\
  &+&
  (|1\rangle _{\text{sc}}\langle
  1|\otimes \hat{\openone} _{m})\rho _{n\tau }(|1\rangle _{\text{sc}}\langle
  1|\otimes \hat{\openone} _{m}) \nonumber \\
 &=&\mathcal{\hat{P}}^{\text{(sc)}}_0\rho _{n\tau }\mathcal{\hat{P}}^{\text{(sc)}}_0 +
  \mathcal{\hat{P}}^{\text{(sc)}}_1\rho _{n\tau }\mathcal{\hat{P}}^{\text{(sc)}}_1
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathcal{\hat{P}}^{\text{(sc)}}_0$
($\mathcal{\hat{P}}^{\text{(sc)}}_1$) is the projection operator to a
state $|0\rangle _{\text{sc}}$ ($|1\rangle _{\text{sc}}$).
Under this approximation, the mixed state after performing this
superoperator $\mathcal{\hat{E}}$
should be described as $\rho _{n\tau }=p_{a, n\tau } |10\rangle
_{sc,m}\langle 10| + p_{b,n\tau } |01\rangle
_{sc,m}\langle 01|$ where $p_{a, n\tau }$ and $p_{b, n\tau }$ denote the
population of each state.
So we obtain the recursion equations as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
 p_{a,(n+1)\tau }&=&\frac{1}{4g^2+\Delta  ^2}(2g^2+\Delta  ^2 p_{a,n\tau
  }\nonumber \\
  &+&2g^2(p_{a,n\tau
  }-p_{b,n\tau }) \cos t\sqrt{4g^2+\Delta  ^2})
  \nonumber \\
  p_{b,(n+1)\tau }&=&\frac{1}{4g^2+\Delta  ^2}(2g^2+\Delta  ^2 p_{b,n\tau
  }\nonumber \\
  &-&2g^2(p_{a,n\tau
  }-p_{b,n\tau }) \cos t\sqrt{4g^2+\Delta  ^2}).
  \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
By solving these equations with the initial condition of $p_{a,0}=0$ and
$p_{b,0}=1$, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
 p_{a,n}&\simeq &\frac{1}{2}(1-(\frac{\Delta  ^2}{4g
^2 +\Delta
  ^2})^n)\nonumber \\
 p_{b,n}&\simeq &\frac{1}{2}(1+(\frac{\Delta  ^2}{4g ^2
  +\Delta  ^2})^n)
\end{eqnarray}
  where we use a rotating wave approximation such that $ \cos \sqrt{4g^2
  +\Delta  ^2} t$ should vanish due to the high frequency oscillation.
  We define the effective relaxation time induced by this anti Zeno
  effect as the time at which the population of the excitation of the memory
  becomes $\frac{p_{b,0}-p_{b,\infty }}{2}$.
  So we can calculate this effective relaxation time
  \textcolor{black}{of the memory qubit}
  as
  \begin{eqnarray}
   \tilde{T}^{\text{(m)}}_1&=&\frac{\alpha \log 2}{\log
  (1+\frac{4g^2}{\Delta
  ^2})} T^{(\text{sc})}_2\nonumber \\
  &\simeq &\alpha \log 2 \cdot \frac{\Delta ^2}{4g ^2}T^{(\text{sc})}_2 .\label{effective-relaxation-time}
  \end{eqnarray}
   \textcolor{black}{Here,
  we assumed $\frac{g}{\Delta }\ll 1$, namely, the coupling is much smaller
  than the detuning, which is appropriate for actual
  experiments in order to decouple the system.}
  Although the energy relaxation \textcolor{black}{might be considered} to be exponentially small for a
  large detuning,
  the effective relaxation time of the
  memory is only quadratically dependent on detuning.
  Moreover, $\tilde{T}^{\text{(m)}}_1$ is limited by the dephasing time of the
  superconducting qubit.
  \textcolor{black}{
  Since a detuned superconducting qubit is
  strongly affected by the environment
 \cite{KakuyanagiMenoSaitoNakanoSembaTakayanagiDeppeShnirman01a,YoshiharaHarrabiNiskanenNakamura01a,
  astafiev2004quantum}, the
 dephasing time of the superconducting qubit becomes as small as tens of
 nanoseconds, which could lead to a severe energy leakage from the memory
  qubits. It is also worth mentioning that, even if we couple a microwave cavity with the memory
  device instead of the superconducting qubit
  \cite{tordrup2008holographic,wesenberg2009quantum,kubo2010strong,schuster2010high,
  abe2011electron}, any imperfection of the cavity
  in such a coupled system
  will also cause similar energy leakage from the memory qubits.
  }

  \textcolor{black}{  This kind of acceleration of the energy relaxation
  can be understood in terms of
  the violation of energy conservation caused by the dephasing process,
  which has been discussed for biology systems
  \cite{plenio2008dephasing,rebentrost2009environment,caruso2009highly,fujii2010anti}.

   Also, if we consider the superconducting qubit as a measurement apparatus for the memory qubit, it would be also possible to
  interprete this enhanced relaxation as the appearance of the anti Zeno
  effect induced by false measurements of erroneous apparatus \cite{koshino2004quantum}.
 The decay is accelerated by
 the difference between the energy band of the measurement apparatus and
 the energy of the signal emitted from the unstable state
  \cite{koshino2004quantum}.}
  \textcolor{black}{In our case,
  the detuned superconducting qubit would be interpreted as the erroneous
  apparatus to measure the signal, namely to determine which energy
  etgenstate the memory qubit is in, so that the energy transport from the memory qubit could be accelerated due to the imperfection of the apparatus.
   In addition, a
   similar expression has also
 been used in quantum optics, and is called the scattering
   rate \cite{metcalf1999laser}.
  For example, when we drive the Rabi oscillations of an unstable two-level system with a
  detuned light, the total scattering rate of light from the laser field
  can be also suppressed only quadratically against the detuning
  \cite{metcalf1999laser}. So it
  would be possible to interprete the enhanced
  relaxation rate in our calculation as the scattering rate of the excited
  population, although in our case the scattering is caused by the
  dephasing of the superconducting qubit.}

    Regardless of the interpretation of the enhanced relaxation of the memory qubit,

\textcolor{black}{
our results are of significant importance from a practical
  point of view.
  Since the threshold of the acceptable error rate
for achieving fault tolerant quantum computation is quite small,
typically of the order of
$1\%$ \cite{RHG01a}, it is essential to find ways to store quantum
  states in reliable memory devices isolated from the environment. However, our results show that the standard way to
  decouple the control qubit from the memory qubit by detuning may not
  sufficiently suppress
  the noise in the stored quantum states, which casts a doubt on the
  feasibility of using memory qubit strategies for scalable quantum computation. Therefore, this result
  motivates us to find another decoupling method to protect the memory
  qubits from the noise induced by such anti Zeno relaxation, which we
  discuss later in our paper.}

  It is worth mentioning that this incoherent energy relaxation is much
  more severe than the well known errors caused by the dispersive Hamiltonian.
Without decoherence, the Hamiltonian between the
superconducting qubit and the memory qubit can be represented as a
  dispersive form
$H=\frac{g^2}{\Delta }\hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_z \hat{\sigma
}^{(\text{m})}_z$ for a large detuning \cite{holland1991quantum}. Therefore, if we tune the
  superconducting qubit so that it is on resonant with a third party system such as
  another qubit for information operations, the superconducting
  qubit in a superposition state induces phase errors in the detuned memory
  qubit. The error rate is
  $\epsilon \simeq \frac{g ^2 t_{\text{I}}}{\Delta }$ where
  $t_{\text{I}}$ is the time required for information operations on
  the third system.
  Fortunately, such information operations can be performed in tens of
  nanoseconds
  and so this kind of phase error can be small. Moreover, as long as the superconducting qubit is
  detuned from any other qubits, the effect of the dispersive Hamiltonian on the memory
  qubit can be negligible
  by polarizing the
  superconducting qubit into the ground state. These results seem to show the suitability of
  this scheme for the long-term storage of information.
  However, as we have shown above, this naive illustration is no longer
  valid when we \textcolor{black}{take into account} the effect of the dephasing from the environment.
  In fact, incoherent energy relaxation
  via the anti Zeno effect occurs whenever the information is stored in
  the memory qubit. In spite of the fact that the memory qubit is
  assumed to retain the information for a long period,
  the information continues to leak during the storage and so the
  total error accumulation will be significant when we try to \textcolor{black}{access}
  the information in the memory after such a storage.

 We have obtained an analytical formula for the effective relaxation time of
 the memory qubit with some approximation.
 It is possible to obtain a more rigorous result by
 solving a Lindblad master equation numerically.
 So we adopt $  \frac{d\rho }{dt}=-i[H,\rho ]-\frac{1}{2T^{(\text{sc})}_2}[\hat{\sigma
   }^{(\text{sc})}_z,[\hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_z, \rho ]]$
  as the
 master equation \textcolor{black}{where $\rho $ denotes a density matrix for the composed
 system of a
 superconducting qubit and a memory qubit.} We have plotted the effective relaxation time of the
 memory qubit from the numerical solution in Fig. \ref{compare-graph}. The numerical
 solution shows the quadratic dependency of $\tilde{T}^{(\text{m})}_{1}$
 on the detuning, \textcolor{black}{which agrees with the analytical result in Eq. (\ref{effective-relaxation-time}).}
 By fitting the analytical result with this numerical result, we obtain
 $\alpha =0.500$ and we also
 plot the analytical result in Fig. \ref{compare-graph}.
           \begin{figure}[h]
       \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=7.5 cm]{3detuning-compare.pdf}
        \caption{A plot of the relaxation time of the memory qubit induced by the anti Zeno
        effect of as a function of the detuning. The discrete
        plot denotes a numerical result and the continuous line denotes an
        analytical result. We set parameters as
        $T^{(\text{sc})}_2=10$ ns for the dephasing time of the
        superconducting qubit and at $g/2\pi= 25$ MHz for the coupling strength
        between the qubits.
        These results show that the relaxation time is quadratically
         dependent on
        the energy detuning.
        }\label{compare-graph}
       \end{center}
       \end{figure}
 The behavior of our analytical solution matches the numerical
 solutions, and this shows the validity of our approximation.
\textcolor{black}{ This justifies our interpretation that the dephasing corresponds to
 non-selective measurements and the energy relaxation in the memory
 qubit is caused by the anti Zeno effect.}
   Surprisingly,
 even for a large detuning such as $\frac{\Delta }{g}\simeq 50$, the
 relaxation time is just a few microseconds. Since a typical
 memory qubit is considered to have a long lifetime of, for example,
 tens of milliseconds
 \cite{tyryshkin2003electron, morton2008solid,morton2007environmental, marcos2010coupling}, this result shows that the actual
 relaxation time induced by imperfect decoupling is much shorter
 than previously expected.

 A superconducting qubit can be affected by both dephasing and
 relaxation.  To model both the dephasing and relaxation on the
 superconducting qubit, we add a relaxation term to the Lindblad master
 equation and we adopt the following master equation
 $ \frac{d\rho }{dt}=-i[H,\rho ]-\frac{1}{2T^{(\text{sc})}_2}[\hat{\sigma
   }^{(\text{sc})}_z,[\hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_z, \rho ]]
  -\frac{1}{2T^{(sc)}_1}(\hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_+\hat{\sigma
   }^{(\text{sc})}_-\rho +\rho \hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_+ \hat{\sigma
   }^{(\text{sc})}_- -\hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_-\rho \hat{\sigma }^{(\text{sc})}_+)$
 where $T^{(\text{sc})}_1$ denotes the relaxation time of a
 superconducting qubit.
 By solving this master equation numerically,
 we are able to plot the population decay behavior of the memory qubit
 \textcolor{black}{as shown in}
 Fig. \ref{popualtion-graph}.
           \begin{figure}[h]
       \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=8cm]{6population-decay.pdf}
        \caption{The population decay of the memory qubit induced by the anti Zeno
        effect as a function of a time. The coupling constant between qubits is set
        at $2\pi \times 25$ MHz.
        From the bottom, we plot a numerical result with $T^{(\text{sc})}_1=400 $ ns and $T^{(\text{sc})}_2=10$
        ns, a numerical result with $T^{(\text{sc})}_2=10$ and
        $T^{(\text{sc})}_1= \infty $,

        and a
        numerical result with $T^{(\text{sc})}_2=\infty $ and $T^{(\text{sc})}_1= 400$ ns.
        }\label{popualtion-graph}
       \end{center}
       \end{figure}
\textcolor{black}{In the absence of the relaxation in the
  superconducting qubit}, the population of the memory qubit decays to
  half of the initial population while the population decays to
  zero under the effect of the relaxation
  on the superconducting qubit.
  From the numerical solution, we plot
  $\tilde{T}^{\text{(m)}}_1$ as a function of $T^{(\text{sc})}_{2}$ in
  Fig. \ref{2compare-graph}.
            \begin{figure}[h]
       \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{7two-dependence.pdf}
        \caption{
        The relaxation time of the memory qubit induced by the anti Zeno

        effect. The horizontal line denotes the dephasing time of the
        superconducting qubit.

        Dots correspond to numerically obtained data.
        Also, continuous lines are drawn through the points as a guide
          to the eye. We set the relaxation time of the superconducting
        qubit at $T^{(\text{sc})}_1=400$ ns and
        the coupling constant between qubits at $g/2\pi= 25$ MHz. The
         lowest line is that where the detuning
        $\Delta /2\pi $ is
        $600$ MHz, and the other lines are where $\Delta /2\pi =800, 1000, 1200$
        MHz respectively.
        }\label{2compare-graph}
       \end{center}
       \end{figure}
  Even for a long dephasing time and huge
  detuning such as
  $T^{(\text{sc})}_2=35$ ns
  and $\frac{\Delta }{g }=44$, the
  effective relaxation time $\tilde{T}^{\text{(m)}}_1$ is around $14$ $\mu$s, which is much
  shorter than the typical lifetime of the memory qubit \cite{tyryshkin2003electron, morton2008solid,morton2007environmental, marcos2010coupling}.
  Therefore, our results show that the standard strategy to detune the
  superconducting qubit with the memory qubit actually fails due to the energy
  leakage from the memory qubit during the storage of the information.
  \textcolor{black}{It should be noted that, since our model is quite
  general,
     the result here is significant for every
  hybrid system where a device having a short coherence time couples with a memory
 device, as long as the coupling is
 represented by the Jaynes-Cummings model
or the Tavis-Cummings model.}
\section{IV. Overcoming energy relaxation process  by using
 a decoherence free subspace}
  Finally, we discuss possible solutions to the problem of the energy
  relaxation caused by the anti Zeno effect.

  \textcolor{black}{As discussed in the previous section, \textcolor{black}{significant} dephasing of a superconducting
  qubit can nullify the advantage of the
  long lifetime of the memory qubit due to the indirect relaxation, and
  therefore if we are to realize a hybrid system it is crucial that we
  overcome such enhanced relaxation problems.

 As an example, we discuss how to avoid
 this enhanced relaxation when the memory qubit consists of an
 ensemble of microscopic spins with a long life time.
 }
   When one uses an ensemble composed of $N$
   $\frac{1}{2}$ spins as a memory qubit,
   the excitation of the superconducting qubit is transferred to the
   ensemble and stored as a collective mode. A state with a single
   collective mode in the ensemble is represented as $|W\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum_{l=1}^{L}\hat{\sigma
     }^{(l)}_+|\downarrow \downarrow \cdots \downarrow \rangle $
   where $\hat{\sigma }^{(l)}_+$ denotes the raising operator of a spin
    and $|\downarrow \rangle $ denotes the ground state of a
   single spin. \textcolor{black}{This strategy of utilizing the spin ensemble directly
  coupled with the superconducting qubit as a memory is suggested theoretically
  in \cite{marcos2010coupling}. However, if we adopt their strategy straightforwardly, the
  memory ensemble will suffer from the relaxation induced by the anti
  quantum Zeno effect as we have discussed.}
  So our purpose here is to decouple this excitation in the ensemble from
  the superconducting qubit.

  To achieve this, we can apply a \textcolor{black}{spatial} magnetic field gradient
  $\frac{dB}{dx}$ (T/m) with some
  time duration to the state $|W\rangle $ of the ensemble so that we
  obtain the state $|W _{\theta }\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum_{l=1}^{N}e^{i\theta l}
    \hat{\sigma
    }^{(l)}_+|\downarrow \downarrow \cdots \downarrow \rangle $.
  Here, we have $\theta =\tau  \mu \frac{dB}{dx} \Delta x $ where $\mu $
  denotes the magnetic moment of the spin, $\tau $ denotes application
  time of such a field gradient, and $\Delta x$ denotes the distance
  between the spins.
   Since we have $\langle W|W_{\theta }\rangle
  =\frac{1}{N}\sum_{l=1}^{N}e^{i\theta l}$, the state $|W_{\theta
  }\rangle $ becomes orthogonal with the state $|W\rangle $ for $\theta
  N=2\pi $, and therefore we can decouple the ensemble from the superconducting
  qubit. For reasonable parameters such as
  $2\pi \times 28$ GHz/T for the Zeeman splitting
  and $N\Delta x=20 $ $\mu $m for the ensemble length, we need a field
  gradient $10$ T/m to achieve the orthogonal state in
  hundreds of nanoseconds.   \textcolor{black}{
  This idea of applying a field gradient was developed in the field of holographic quantum
  computation for different purposes
  \cite{tordrup2008holographic,wesenberg2009quantum}.
  In holographic quantum
  computation, we utilize a hybrid system composed of a
  superconducting qubit, a spin ensemble, and a microwave cavity.
  A field gradient will be applied to transfer the collective excitation
  of the ensemble to another spin wave mode so that
  we can store many qubits in one ensemble. However, the effect of
  relaxation enhanced by the anti Zeno effect, in other words, indirect
  relaxation caused by the imperfect decoupling, has not been discussed in
  previous research.
  We use
  the technique to apply a field gradient for the efficient decoupling
  of the superconducting qubit from the spin ensemble so that a long
  time storage of quantum states should be possible in the memory.} \textcolor{black}{
Although we have mentioned a solution for the spin ensemble memory here, the basic
  idea could be applied to many other systems. }\textcolor{black}{We discuss this
  point briefly, although the details will
 be published elsewhere.}
\textcolor{black}{As the quantum memory, one can use multiple
  memory qubits collectively coupled with the control
superconducting qubit. It becomes possible
to make a decoherence free subspace \cite{lidar21998decoherencefreesubapace}
against the interaction from the control qubit
  as follows:
  The Hamiltonian between the control superconducting qubit and memory
  qubits would be $H=H_S^{(\text{sc})}+H_S^{(\text{m1})}+H_S^{(\text{m2})}
  +H_I^{(\text{sc},\text{m1})}+H_I^{(\text{sc},\text{m2})}$
where we have $H^{(j)}_S=\frac{\omega _j}{2} \hat{\sigma }_z ^{(j)}$and $H_I^{(j,k)}=
g(\hat{\sigma }_+^{(j)}\hat{\sigma }_-^{(k)}+
   \hat{\sigma }_-^{(j)}\hat{\sigma }_+^{(k)} )$. An excitation of the
  control superconducting qubit can be transferred into the collective excitation on the
  memory qubits such as $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|01\rangle _{\text{m1,m2}}+|10\rangle _{\text{m1,m2}})$.
By performing a local phase flip on one of the memory qubits, we have $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|01\rangle _{\text{m1,m2}}-|10\rangle _{\text{m1,m2}})$,}
\textcolor{black}{
 which is completely orthogonal to the previous state and decoupled from
 the controllable qubit.
 In other words, this state is in the decoherence free subspace for the
 indirect relaxation.
Therefore, the memory qubit is immune to the energy leakage induced by the quantum
anti Zeno effect.}
\textcolor{black}{
So this decoupling using a decoherence free subspace is much more robust
than the traditional way of decoupling the system by detuning.
Recently, the coherent control of three qubits and
the generation of an entanglement between them have
been demonstrated by using superconducting qubits
\cite{altomare2010tripartite,neeley2010generationetal,dicarlo2010preparation},
and therefore our suggestion here is feasible even with current technology.}
\section{V. Conclusion}
In conclusion, we have studied the indirect energy relaxation in a hybrid system consisting
of a superconducting qubit and a memory qubit. \textcolor{black}{
Even if we employ the detuning
between a memory qubit and a superconducting qubit to decouple them,
the dephasing of the superconducting qubit could significantly affect the coherence of the memory qubit.
The violation of the
energy conservation law due to dephasing of the superconducting qubit
  induces an incoherent energy leakage from the memory, which leads to a significant degradation in the lifetime of the quantum
  memory. This can be interpreted as a manifestation of the quantum anti
  Zeno effect.
  If this indirect relaxation is inevitable, a hybrid scheme
  with a superconducting qubit would
  not be promising unless we can succeed in making the coherence time of the
  superconducting qubit longer than the present value.
  However, we can find a
  possible solution to this problem, for example, via  decoupling from the
  superconducting qubit using a decoherence free subspace for the
  memory qubits.}
  Our model is quite general, and

  therefore the results reported here can be
  applied to many systems.
We thank K Semba, B. Munro, X. Zhu, K. Fujii, S. Saito, H. Tanji, and K. Kakuyanagi for useful discussions.
This work is partially supported by KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research A 22241025).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Steam-bending wood is a very simple operation that you will need to learn to apply chines, transom bows, forward bottom planks, covering boards, and topsides planks where extreme bends occur. Once a piece of wood is steam-bent into shape, it will not fight to spring free of its fasteners and will be far less likely to cup or crack in the future.
To begin with, there is nothing magic or necessary with steam. Steam does not add moisture to the wood; in fact, it dries it out. Many commercial kiln operations us steam heat to remove moisture from wood in the kiln-drying process.
All steam does is use molecular water to transfer heat. The same effects can be achieved by boiling the lumber or placing it in a very large oven. The moisture in the wood simply acts as a conductor for the heat.
In kiln-dried wood, however, 6 to 10 percent MC acts more like insulation than like a conductor. Air-dried wood of about 20 percent MC is preferred.
The cell walls contain nearly moisture saturation levels, aiding the heat transfer and plasticizing, yet not enough moisture to host rot spore. The fiber saturation point at which the cell walls are still saturated with moisture and transmit the heat easily to the interior of the piece of wood, is approximately 25 percent MC.
Whatever lumber I attempt to bend, I soak it at least a day before heating. This soaks the entire surface, which aids greatly in transferring heat to the interior of the piece. I have no trouble bending kiln-dried 1/2-inch mahogany plank stock this way. Soaking the wood, even for a short time, will cause it to expand somewhat, so let it dry for at least one week for every day of soaking before trimming it to fit.
When enough heat is applied, the cell walls plasticize and can be compressed into smaller cells, as long as the original free water is gone. To a lesser extent, the lignin also plasticizes and allows the cells to slide alongside each other, as this compression occurs.
Almost all cell deformation in bending occurs on the inboard, concave surface of the piece being bent. When hot enough, these cells can compress in length some 20 percent without cell wall fracture. When clamped in place and left to cool, the compressed cell walls solidify and hold their new dimension. The measured length of the plank on this inboard, concave surface will be less than it was before bending, due to the deformation (compression) of the cells.
Very little (about two percent) cell deformation occurs on the outboard, or convex, surface of the wood. Apparently, these cells do not like to stretch as easily as they compress. The measured length of the plank on this outboard, convex surface will be nearly the same as it was originally. If the bent piece of wood is left clamped in place long enough to cool off, the cellulose and lignin re-solidify. The plank will now hold that shape, minus some initial "spring back" because one side of the piece is now shorter than the other.
I have seen some restorers attempt to steam bend 1/2-inch, kiln-dried mahogany plank stock with a wet towel and household laundry iron held to the exterior surface of the plank. This method could not possibly effect the interior and inboard surface of the plank, where cell compression needs to occur. You have to apply enough heat for a long enough time to raise the temperature of the entire board, all the way through, to as close to 212 degrees as possible. In order to do this, you must be able to maintain 212 degrees in your steam box. Use a meat thermometer stuck through a hole in the top of the steam box farthest from steam entry. You may have to wrap insulation around your box or tube to accomplish this. The traditional rule of thumb has been one hour of steaming for every inch of lumber thickness. This must be tempered somewhat by how many pieces of lumber you put in an how efficient the steamer and box is. If you are heating a bunch of frames at one time, add a few test pieces and check them until they are wobbly and somewhat rubbery. What you expect to take an hour could very well require two.


Veil fits over the crown of a hat. It has an elasticized opening for this purpose.
Features a face mask made of wire mesh as are the sides and back.
The bottom of the veil is elasticized and made of a poly/cotton mix fabric.
The veil ties around the torso to prevent it being knocked off while in use.


Luxurious Resort Residences, can be full-time residence or hotel/condo. Professionally designed & fully furnished by Steven G. This unit has intracoastal and ocean views, marble bathrooms, marble tub & separate walk in shower. Kitchen has a Wolf range and Subzero appliances. Luxury resort amenities, including twice per day housekeeping, laundry service, beach service, pool service, gym, house car service, Conrad spa, 24 hr valet parking and more. Hilton Gold Membership. New Construction, now open, close immediately.


text:
NSG Pilkington: continuous improvement in North American automotive markets
2014-11-19 Company financial news
On reviewing the automotive segment, NSG, parent company to Pilkington, reported revenues similar to the previous year, with increases in Japan and North America partly offset by reductions in South America.
NSG, Pilkington's parent company, has reported automotive revenue for the second quarter of fiscal year 2015
NSG, Pilkington's parent company, reported that automotive revenue for the second quarter of fiscal year 2015 came in at USD 1.34 billion (JPY 155.7 billion), compared to USD 1.31 billion (JPY 152.1 billion) in the same period of the prior year. Profits for the segment were USD 33.5 million (JPY 3.9 billion), compared to USD 39.5 million USD (JPY 4.6 billion) in the same period of 2014.
Reviewing the automotive segment, officials reported that revenues were similar to the previous year, with increases in Japan and North America partly offset by reductions in South America.
"OE market volumes continued to increase (in North America)," according to the company's report. "(There was) strong automotive glass replacement (AGR) demand following harsh winter weather conditions."
In Europe, the OE market recovery is "slowing down," according to officials. "(There were) lower AGR volumes following mild a winter."
Meanwhile, in Japan OE volumes were "robust, despite consumption tax increase," according to the report.
Looking at the rest of the world, NSG reported that weak market conditions persisted in Brazil. Officials also noted that Argentina had a "challenging economic environment."
On a company-wide basis, cumulative group revenues came in at USD 2.67 billion (JPY 309.5 billion), 2% above the prior year.
market recovery
challenging economic environment
automotive revenue
cumulative group revenues
market volumes
automotive glass replacement agr
consumption tax increase
companywide basis
Channel: Company financial news
4.288 Total news items for this channel since 1996
O-I European Group launches private offering of...
O-I's subsidiary OI European Group intends to offer USD 310 million aggregate principal amount of its senior notes due 2...
Vitro announces prepayment for loan
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Sisecam Group announces Q3 2017 results
Sisecam's net sales reached TL 8 billion with a 32.2% increase in the first nine months.
Veresence unveils glass investment at...
Verescence has unveiled its largest glass melting furnace at its flagship plant in Mers-Les-Bains, investing EUR 30...
Verallia: 3rd quarter 2017 results show robust...
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Jenoptik remains on course of growth after nine...
Group revenue increased by 7.0% to EUR 526.8 million, EBIT improved strongly by 15.9% to EUR 52.0 million, Executive...
Piramal Glass Ceylon announces financial results...
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Drujba Glassworks removed from public companies...
Drujba Glassworks has been removed from the public companies register after a previous announcement regarding its...
Ferro 2017 Investor Day Webcast
Ferro will be hosting its Investor Day on 9 November with a live webcast at approximately 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time.
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In its third-quarter financial results, Research Frontiers reported an increase in fee income, a decline in expenses,...
Libbey announces third quarter results
Libbey reports a net loss of USD 78.8 million, driven by a non-cash goodwill impairment, with adjusted EBITDA OF USD 20...
Glaston interim report 1 January-30 September...
Orders received totalled EUR 26.8 (25.6) million; net sales grew by 23% to EUR 25.3 (20.5) million; comparable EBITDA...
Research Frontiers to host third quarter 2017...
Research Frontiers will release its third-quarter results and host a conference call on 2 November to discuss its 2017...
Corning gains on shipments of Gorilla Glass, fiber
Corning Inc.'s shares rose 6.6% last week after the glassmaker's sales increased in its latest quarter as more consumer...
Borosil Glass Works calls for Board Meeting
Borosil Glass Works will be hosting a Board of Directors meeting on 2 November to approve the Unaudited Standalone...
O-I reports third quarter 2017 results
O-I's third quarter 2017 results show increases and higher results, especially in Europe and Latin America.
Saint-Gobain reports sales for the first nine...
Good organic growth, at 4.2% for the nine-month period; further volume growth in Q3 (up 3.6%) in all Business Sectors...
Libbey to announce 2017 third quarter financial...
Libbey will announce its 2017 third quarter financial results on Tuesday, 31 October 2017, prior to the opening of the...
ZEISS invests over EUR 300 million in Jena...
ZEISS continues its strategic, global investment and growth trajectory; new integrated high-tech site, which will...
Gerresheimer in Q3 2017: slight improvement in...
Revenues down from EUR 350.4m in Q3 2016 to EUR 331.5m in Q3 2017; organic decrease of 4.3%. Adjusted EBITDA margin...
Apogee declares quarterly cash dividend
Apogee Enterprises has declared a USD 0.14 per share quarterly cash dividend.
SolarWindow completes financing with four major...
New invstemnt will advance manufacturing, marketing, and product fabrication initiatives
Ferro Announces two transactions that expand...
Acquisitions of Endeka Group and Gardenia Quimica will broaden Ferro's portfolio of products
LTI Smart Glass to receive financing for growth...
The Mayor of Pittsfield is requesting a grant from the Pittsfield Economic Development Fund to help LTI Smart Glass...
Apogee reports FY18 second-quarter results
Revenues of USD 343.9 million up 24%; EPS of USD 0.60; adjusted EPS of USD 0.75; reaffirming FY18 outlook for 24-26%...
Asahi India reveals plans for major investment...
The bulk of these plans centre around the company's new Gujarat plant
Drujba Glassworks net profits and revenue rise in...
Bulgarian glassware company reported consolidated net profit rose to 8.1 million BGN
Vetropack: record sales in the first half of 2017
Vetropack Group once again achieved record sales in the first half of 2017, and expects the market environment to...
Glaston half year financial report: operating...
Glaston's outlook remains unchanged, and the company expects the full-year comparable operating result to improve from 2...
Apogee updates FY18 outlook for EFCO acquisition...
Apogee remains confident in longer-term growth outlook for U.S. commercial construction markets, has positive outlook...
Borosil increases capex post GST; takes up fight...
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Stirom H1 reports increase in net profit
Stirom has announced that its net profit increased 77% on the year in the first half of 2017 to RON 20.8 million.
Libbey announces second quarter results
Libbey has reported net sales results in line with company expectations; second-half outlook expected to demonstrate...
O-I reports second quarter 2017 results
Continued strong business performance and favourable non-operational tailwinds drive 2017 earnings guidance higher.
Sika confirms full-year targets as H1 sales rise
Sika has reported results in line with market expectations, being kept on track to achieve its full-year sales target...
Bormioli Rocco receives EUR 1.5 million...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The number of offences involving knives or sharp objects has more than tripled over five years in some parts of Wales.
Gwent Police saw the biggest jump in the 12 months to September 2018 compared to 2013 going from 42 to 141 incidents, a 236% hike.
North Wales Police was up 211% with 277 cases in 2018, while Dyfed-Powys Police cases more than doubled from 75 to 156.
The lowest rise came in the South Wales Police area, but it had the highest figures - 735 in 2018.
All forces have been asked to respond.
Are school exclusions causing knife crime?
In February, South Wales Police said more than 100 arrests relating to knife crime were made in Cardiff over a six months as part of Operation Spectre.
There were also 350 "stop searches".
At the time, Chief Constable Matt Jukes said: "You are at greater risk of being a victim of knife crime if you carry a knife yourself."
Home Office figures showed the number of fatal stabbings in England and Wales in 2017-18 is the highest since records began.
In Wales, however, they were low with one death in each of the force areas except for South Wales where there were five.


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text:
Соляночник (также кароксилон; ; от  и ) — род растений семейства , распространённый в аридных регионах Африки и Евразии.

Ботаническое описание
Однолетники, кустарнички, полукустарники или кустарники. Листья очерёдные, реже супротивные, узколинейные или яйцевидные, до 3 см длиной, мясистые, сидячие, тупые или туповатые; верхние из них и прицветники часто редуцированы до влагалищ.

Цветки обоеполые, (4) 5-членные, с 2 округлыми или широкоовальными прицветничками похожими на травянистые прицветники. Околоцветник из равных листочков, почти свободных, от ланцетных до яйцевидных; при плодах, как правило, развивающих белые, жёлтые или красные поперечные крылья. Тычинок (4) 5. Завязь с почти равными столбику нитевидными рыльцами. Зародыш семени чаще горизонтальный.

Виды

Род включает 128 видов, некоторые из них:

Примечания

Литература

Маревые
Флора Африки
Флора Евразии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"What of a man who is disfellowshipped but whose wife and children are still Jehovah's Witnesses? The religious ties he had with his family change, but blood ties remain. The marriage relationship and normal family affections and dealings continue"
Very misleading to outside persons. This is twisted. WE know this is talking about husband and wife and young kids. non-witnesses would no catch this. They read "The religious ties he had with his family change, but blood ties remain." very misleading. Shame on you gb. Shame shame shame.
One horrid outcome of shunning happened within family that I was close to. A sister suffered from a severe mental illness. She would hallucinate and do things in a fugue state that ended up getting her df'd. She had 5 grown brothers and sisters, as well as her parents that should have been looking after her, but because she was df'd, she had no one.
SShe had an episode and ended up jumping through a plate glass window and fell 3 stories. As a result she ended up paralyzed and on life support. Her family only came to the hospital when the medical staff called them when decisions needed to be made. They only spoke to her right before she died. The family never told any of the "friends" what was happening to her. I can't begin to imagine how alone and frightened this young girl must have been. Such a "loving provision".


In this paper, the optimum design of a reinforced concrete one-way ribbed slab, is presented via recently developed metaheuristic algorithm, namely, the Mouth Brooding Fish (MBF). Meta-heuristics based on evolutionary computation and swarm intelligence are outstanding examples of nature-inspired solution techniques. The MBF algorithm simulates the symbiotic interaction strategies adopted by organisms to survive and propagate in the ecosystem. This algorithm uses the movement, dispersion and protection behavior of Mouth Brooding Fish as a pattern to find the best possible answer. The cost of the system is considered to be the objective function, and the design is based on the American Concrete Institute's ACI 318-08 standard. The performance of this algorithm is compared with harmony search (HS), colliding bodies optimization (CBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), democratic particle swarm optimization (DPSO), charged system search (CSS) and enhanced charged system search (ECSS). The numerical results demonstrate that the MBF algorithm is able to construct very promising results and has merits in solving challenging optimization problems.
Keywords: mouth brooding fish algorithm, cost optimization, meta-heuristic algorithms, one - way ribbed slabs.


*Compare and Contrast the early African trading empires.
*How did African ancestry lineage occur?
*What was the role and impact of slavery, women, and religion on early Africa?
4. Pass out Targets for Chapter 7, 11, 13. Introduce Africa. Notes and Discussion.
November 30 - We're bringing you a lot of ups and downs on our first day back from Thanksgiving break: mixed retail reports from weekend shopping, debt dragging down a developer in the Middle East, a tree growing up before going up to the White House, and some students' efforts to hold down dozens of doughnuts in Illinois.
Discuss - Afghanistan Troop Increase? What is Cyber monday?
We will lose the war in Afghanistan. Every human being who is dying for this cause is dying in vain. England and Russia learned this lesson a long time ago. You would think....Never mind.
Suffice to say, I don't receive half the information Obama receives. I don't read all of (or any of) the Presidential Daily Briefings that are placed on his desk every morning. Maybe he knows something that I don't. I am not doubting that as a distinct possibility. But from where I sit it would seem to me that this president has failed to learn the historical lessons taught to us by the administrations of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Lyndon Baines Johnson - lessons involving bold action in times of economic crisis, and the utter folly of trying to win wars that cannot be won.
I want to believe in this guy but the sad fact of the matter is that I am quickly losing confidence in my president. Where the heck is all this change I could believe in? Are the Republicans still in charge? What gives?


text:
saudi arabia|30 November, 2021
Saudi Justice Ministry refers lawyers who violated rules to disciplinary panel
The cases have been referred to the Lawyers Disciplinary Committee for necessary action, the ministry said
Image used for illustrative purpose. Close-Up Of Gavel And Hammer On Desk
Getty Images/Audtakorn Sutarmjam / EyeEm
By Staff Writer, Saudi Gazette
RIYADH – The Saudi Ministry of Justice has announced that it took the necessary legal procedures against a number of lawyers who violated the judicial regulations and professional ethics.
The cases have been referred to the Lawyers Disciplinary Committee for necessary action, the ministry said.
The ministry, in coordination with the Saudi Bar Association (SBA), has detected a number of professional violations committed by some lawyers and these included making statements that contain incorrect information, misleading public opinion and failure to protect the secrets and confidential matters of some clients in a clear breach of trust.
Meanwhile, a study is being conducted by a number of relevant authorities to draft a regulation aimed at curbing the misuse of social media by legal professionals.
The ministry emphasized that any lawyer who violates the provisions of the legal profession, its executive regulations, the rules of professional conduct, and professional ethics or commits an act that undermines the honor of the profession, shall be punished with the penalties stipulated in the law.
The penalties include warning, censure, suspension from practicing the profession for a period not exceeding three years, or dropping their name from the list of practicing lawyers, in addition to revocation of the license to practice.
The ministry and SBA are continuously and meticulously following up the proper functioning of the legal profession and the compliance of licensed lawyers to the regulations and rules regulating their work, the ministry said while emphasizing the importance of this profession and the great role that the lawyers play as part of the justice system.
The ministry said earlier that there are nearly 18,000 lawyers in the Kingdom. They include 9,541 practicing lawyers — including 1,364 women and 8,177 men — who are registered with the ministry as of mid-April 2021. The number of trainee lawyers who are registered with law firms reached 8,238, including 5,150 men and 3,088 women.
The ministry has provided, through its electronic portal, a series of services for lawyers and trainees that they can obtain without the need to visit the ministry's headquarters or its branch offices or law departments across the Kingdom.
These services include registration of a new trainee lawyer; transfer of trainee lawyer from one law office to another; query about certified lawyers; status of applications submitted for lawyers' services; updating lawyer's data; displaying list of trainees with a lawyer; addition and exclusion of a trainee from practice, the release of a trainee at the end of training, and the registration of the trainee to practice as a lawyer.
© Copyright 2021 The Saudi Gazette. All Rights Reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info).
Disclaimer: The content of this article is syndicated or provided to this website from an external third party provider. We are not responsible for, and do not control, such external websites, entities, applications or media publishers. The body of the text is provided on an "as is" and "as available" basis and has not been edited in any way. Neither we nor our affiliates guarantee the accuracy of or endorse the views or opinions expressed in this article. Read our full disclaimer policy here.
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News Sports Opinion Magnolia Mississippi State Obituaries E-Edition Legals
Ron English hopes coaching Mississippi State's safeties rejuvenates his career
Will Sammon
Mississippi Clarion Ledger
STARKVILLE — Ron English grew up and started his career in California as a guy who wanted to excel as a football coach.
That was it. That was all he wanted. The problem? That was all he became.
English didn't have clearly defined goals back then, but in time he could've authored a how-to guide on quickly rising up the coaching ranks. He was a grad assistant at Arizona State at 26, became the secondary coach there four years later, took the defensive coordinator job at Michigan by 38 and was a first-year head coach at Eastern Michigan when he was 40.
After that is when English's résumé suddenly stops reading like one of the nation's fastest-rising coaches.
California was where English was raised, but Michigan was where he changed.
No, this isn't the cliché tale of a man who did wrong and has since sworn he is different. English's story has more depth and is more introspective than that.
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Someone like English doesn't sit in his home office in Michigan smiling over accepting an interview for a job he was overqualified for just years before if he hadn't learned from a mistake.
That's where English was in January a day before he interviewed for and then accepted the job of Mississippi State's safeties coach at 48-years-old, 12 years after his last stint as a positions coach.
"It's not necessarily the job I would say would be my dream job," English said, "but I needed to come to terms with what I needed to do to rejuvenate my career."
English's coaching path took a dark turn in November 2013. That's when he was fired as Eastern Michigan's head coach after a recording of his profanity-laced rant toward players became public.
"I've never been around a place where so many good guys go bad," English is heard saying. "It's bad. It's as bad as I've ever been around."
Those are some of the "cleaner" sentences. English's statements were made during a defensive backs meeting when he was reviewing film with approximately 13 players.
"Normally, I look at the tape before the meeting and this particular time I had some obligations and I couldn't see it," English said. "We were in the meeting and I'm kind of watching us really not prepared for the game."
English couldn't understand how and why that was the case two months into a season. So he blew up. He spewed vulgar remark after vulgar remark.
"You get to a point, and I say this in a humble manner, where you're so advanced in what you're doing that you lack the appropriate patience and empathy," English said. "You get offended by people who aren't as invested as you are. That's where I got to. It was very easy for me to get all encompassing."
English's world had become so small — "I was all football and only football all the time and even at home." — that he couldn't handle watching college players make mistakes in practice. The outburst cost him his job and put his career on hold.
English's contract was up at the end of 2013. He went 26 months without a paycheck afterward, he said. English had one coaching job interview in 2014. That was with Georgia State. He said the school president turned down the program's request to hire him. In 2015, another BCS coach, English said, told him he was going to bring him in as the defensive coordinator. English went as far as telling his family and nearly updating his social media profiles before he was told the school's higher-ups wouldn't approve the hire.
"I had a lot of time to reflect on just being humble," English said.
And fix a problem.
English kept his football mind sharp by working camps at Western Kentucky, Tennessee and Vanderbilt, among others. He helped coach the offensive line as a member of the Cleveland Browns' intern program.
But more importantly, English learned the value of being balanced.
English's father owned his own business for 34 years, but at the end of his career, he became an ordained minister. English said he was "raised in the church but got away from it." That is, until his forced coaching hiatus led him back. English and his family became members of Bethesda Bible Church in Ypsilanti, two miles from where he lived in Michigan. For two years he took religious and spiritual classes.
English recently sat in his MSU office with a gap-toothed smile, looking at a family photo and explaining why he is a better father now to his two younger children than he ever was to his oldest. Spending time, listening and talking more often all help, English said. Sometimes the simplest things take the longest to understand.
And in the case of English, sometimes a mistake sheds light on a larger problem — even if it does slow down your career in the process.
"I can't say what led to some of the things that he said but I do know he realizes it was a bad mistake, not only because it hurt and injured people but that is not the terms you use to motivate young people. He paid a very dear price," former Michigan coach Lloyd Carr once told the Detroit News. "Now he is in a position to show that some of those things he said are not representative of who he wants to be and who he is."
English finally got a job in 2016 as defensive coordinator at San Jose State, but was fired after one season as part of an overhauling of the staff.
Dan Mullen, who knew English from when the two were opposing coordinators, hired English because of his experience and knowledge — MSU allowed the most passing yards per game in the SEC. Another reason for giving English a chance is because Mullen believed his other coaches could learn from English's story.
"It's far enough removed so that you can really say, 'OK, this is how this has changed me,'" Mullen said.
"I just take it all as growing as a person," English said. "I think I can help here and I think I can help these players."
Mississippi is where English hopes he is revived.


Putting well-formatted code into PowerPoint can be a mind-numbing process. Here are some alternatives for your next presentation.
Most of my technical presentations contain code snippets, but putting nice-looking code into my slides was always a tedious task. After years of using PowerPoint, I started looking for alternatives. There are many good ones, and I was able to find a solution that matches both my personal preferences and my typical use cases.
My source code is usually Java, Groovy, or Kotlin. For each presentation, I set up a project containing the code examples I'm going to use in my slides. I want the presentation files to integrate seamlessly into this project. Below are a few aspects that I considered in order to tailor my solution.
Source code and presentation files should be managed using a version control system (VCS). I use git, but any decent VCS will do.
With a VCS, you can use branches to manage several variants of the same presentation, each one refined for a different audience.
To be able to compare different versions of the presentation files, they need to be written in a text format. I opted for AsciiDoc.
Besides building the code examples, the build tool should also convert the presentation files into a slide deck. Asciidoctor provides a Gradle plugin, a Maven plugin, and an Ant task for this job.
There are also several presentation backends to choose from: deck.js, reveal.js, DZSlides, Bespoke.js. The build tool should also take care of downloading and configuring the chosen backend.
I settled on Gradle and deck.js.
To ensure that the slides always contain valid and up-to-date code, the code snippets should be retrieved directly from your codebase. Luckily, AsciiDoc lets you include whole source code files or only portions of them in your presentation files.
The example below shows how to add a code snippet containing the main method to your slides.
As you can see, the source code portion to be included (in our case, the main method) is marked with user-defined tags appearing as comments in the code. I would probably be annoyed if I saw these comments cluttering production code, but I'm totally fine with them in a codebase used for presentation purposes only.
To make your life easier, I created a BootHub template that sets up a customized presentation project for you. It lets you configure things like project name, presentation title, author, programming language, or the base package of your project.
BootHub will generate a presentation file in accordance with your settings. To give you a quick start, the content of this presentation file illustrates some of the AsciiDoc and deck.js features that allow you to create a great slide deck: tables, images, blockquotes, transitions, incremental reveal, source code inclusion.
Then open the index.html file found in build/asciidoc/html5 in your browser.
The image below shows the slide deck produced by a generated presentation file.
If you prefer another build tool or another presentation backend, I encourage you to adapt my template to your tastes and publish your version to BootHub. I'm sure a lot of people will thank you for that. See the documentation about writing BootHub templates.
And if you want to learn more about BootHub, I recommend that you read this article.
Published at DZone with permission of Serban Iordache , DZone MVB. See the original article here.


text:
Ермес Мария Сфорца (; * 10 май 1470 в Павия, Миланско херцогство, † 1503 в Инсбрук, Австрийско ерцхерцогство) е маркиз на Тортона от фамилията Сфорца.

Произход
Той е син на Галеацо Мария Сфорца (* 24 януари 1444, † 26 декември 1476), 5-и херцог на Милано и на втората му съпруга Бона Савойска (* 10 август 1449, † 17 ноември 1503), дъщеря на херцог Лудвиг Савойски – 2-ри херцог на Савоя.

Има един брат и две сестри:

 Джан Галеацо Мария Сфорца (* 20 юни 1469, † 22 октомври 1494), 6-и херцог на Милано (1476 –1493), от 1489 г. съпруг на 1-вата си братовчедка Изабела Арагонска (* 2 октомври 1470, † 11 февруари 1524)
 Бианка Мария Сфорца (* 5 април 1472, † 31 декември 1510), от 1494 съпруга на император Максимилиан I Хабсбург (* 22 март 1459, † 12 януари 1519)
 Анна Мария Сфорца (* 19 юли 1473, † 30 ноември 1497), от 17 януари 1491 г. съпруга на Алфонсо I д'Есте (* 1476, † 1534) – 3-ти херцог на Ферара, Модена и Реджо.

Има и двама полубратя и две полусестри от връзката на баща му с Лукреция Ландриани, и двама полубратя от връзката му с Лучия Марлиани.

Биография
Бона получава Новара като феод от съпруга си през 1469 г. През 1472 г. херцогска разпоредба ѝ позволява да остави феода и приходите от територията на втория си син Ермес.

През 1476 г., на 6-годишна възраст, Ермес губи баща си, убит в църквата "Санто Стефано" в Милано на 26 декември 1476 г. на празника на Свети Стефан. Той е намушкан с нож от трима високопоставени служители на миланския двор. Миланското херцогство е наследено от по-големия му брат Джан Галеацо, който е само с една година по-голям от него. Тяхната майка Бона Савойска е назначена за регент на детето и се ангажира да защитава правата на децата си от интригите и узурпаторските стремежи на техните чичовци, особено на Лудовико Мария Сфорца "Мавърът" – чичо по бащина линия на Ермес и Джан Галеацо.

Когато чичо му Лудовико Мавърът най-накрая поема властта през 1480 г., Ермес остава под негово попечителство. Той получава от чичо си почетни длъжности, но също така страда от ограниченията на свободната му воля.

През 1488 г. Ермес е изпратен като посланик от чичо си в двора на Неапол, за да поиска ръката на Изабела Арагонска, която баща му Галеацо е избрал за булка за Джан Галеацо, още преди да бъде убит. Сватбата се състои чрез пълномощник в Неапол и именно Ермес представлява младоженеца.

През април 1500 г., след поражението при Новара срещу французите, той е заловен заедно с чичо си Асканио Сфорца от Карло Орсини, който има задачата да предаде кардинала на французите. Ермес и другите подкрепящи Сфорца господари са затворени в замъка в Новара, а териториите на Новара преминават в ръцете на французите.

След окончателното падане на чичо му Лудовико "Мавърът" Ермес успява да избяга в Тирол под закрилата на сестра си императрица Бианка Мария Сфорца и нейния съпруг император Максимилиан I Хабсбург.

Той умира в Инсбрук на 32-33-годишна възраст през 1503 г.

Вижте също
 Галеацо Мария Сфорца
 Бона Савойска
 Лудовико Мария Сфорца

Източници и бележки

Външни препратки
 Изображения на Ермес Мария Сфорца на kleio.org

Сфорца
Италианска аристокрация
Ломбардци
Мъже
Италианци
Починали в Инсбрук


HIDDEN CITY TICKETING? HOW DOES IT WORK?
Either you are occasional traveler or a regular traveler looking to travel on the high demand route, knowing hidden city ticketing could help you save $$ for your next trip or reduce the cost to some extent. So what does the "Hidden City Ticketing Mean"?
A quick search on ITA Matrix gives the below results. As you can see the price is pretty much standard across the board to be $210 (whoops!!). I have purposefully shown details of one of the flight and soon you will see why?
Now let's check out some of the so called "low demand" markets around LAX and see if that gives any better pricing. The way to do this is, enter "LAX" in advance routing code field as highlighted below and let's change the destination to San Diego (SAN). Check out the below screenshot for pricing..
As you can see from above, the direct flight from SFO to LAX on AA1143 was costing $210, but now the same flight is available for $152, if you decide to booked SFO - LAX - SAN route. There are few important things you should remember before you decide to fly SFO - LAX only for $152.
Make sure you have NO CHECK IN bags, this is because you do not plan to take the flight from LAX-SAN and as such ideally the check-in bags are checked to final destination only.
DO NOT use your primary frequent flyer number (i.e. AA), you could credit this to any of the other partners, as you do not want to get flagged (If you do this regularly and have your Frequent Flyer (FF) number in there you are inviting trouble).
As you can see you saved almost 33% flying the same Airlines you wanted, but with the help of hidden city ticketing. The concept could be applied to other routes and destinations as well. Also if you fly "hub-to-hub" you might want to check the "non-hub" location for savings (as the routing would be always through hub! ).


Criminal charges were filed in federal court alleging cash bribes and kickbacks between contractors and a Cleveland Housing Network official, as well as improper lead abatement practices at several renovation projects, law enforcement officials said.
Groffre Investments has received a covenant not to sue under Ohio EPA's Voluntary Action Program (VAP) after investigating and remediating the former J&L Steel Lagoons property in Louisville.
In 2015, residential real estate experienced its best year since the Great Recession ended in 2009. Although inventory could still use a jolt, demand was healthy throughout the year and there was enough supply to keep the engine strong.
Sales, prices and time to sell a home set records again during July 2015. The 3,208 home sales last month were up 1.9 percent over the previous month (June 2015) and up 11.7 percent from July of 2014. This also set a record high for any single month of home sales in any year according to the Columbus REALTORS® Multiple Listing Service (MLS).
Hunt Mortgage Group, a commercial real estate lender, announced today that it has provided two loans totaling $17 million to refinance two retail shopping centers located in Ohio. The loans were arranged through Hunt Mortgage Group's Proprietary Loan team, the firm's new balance sheet lending platform.
Two local organizations and the city of Xenia have received a covenant not to sue under Ohio EPA's Voluntary Action Program (VAP) for the former Ohio Veterans' Children's Home property located at 690 Home Ave., Xenia.
Residents of Grandview Heights do not need to be concerned if a disaster strikes at any point of time. There is this one company named Neverman Construction Co. that has been around since 2000 and is rightfully one of the best and reputed local disaster restoration specialists that homeowners can rely blind folded.
Bill Gabbard, lead agent for The Gabbard Team, listed the Lebanon, Ohio commercial real estate property for sale. The building located at 2055 South State Route 42 in Turtle Creek Township sits on 5.6 acres of land.
The Gabbard Team represented the buyer in this real estate transaction. The home is located at 4420 Stockholm Lane Cincinnati, Ohio 45244. The home was listed for $78,000 and sold for $75,000.
Central Ohio saw a healthy increase in contracts and closings last month despite the lagging number of homes for sale in central Ohio.
Congresswoman Marcy Kaptur voted against legislation that passed in the House last night to raise interest rates on homeowners and expose many consumers to predatory lending practices that are currently prohibited by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). These Republican proposals, H.R. 650 and H.R. 685, would reclassify certain types of manufactured housing to allow real estate and financial services companies to push their customers into predatory and high-cost lending and insurance.
Two development companies associated with the University of Dayton have received a covenant not to sue under Ohio EPA's Voluntary Action Program (VAP) for a University of Dayton West Campus property located at the southwest corner of Stewart and Main streets in Dayton.


Over the years, we have gathered hundreds of photos of the Canadian Malartic Mine and its workers. The photo library provides you with a preview of your visit. Our Mineralogical Museum is brimming with treasures that you can admire in our photo library.


All-in-one PCs aren't a big slice of the market, but they have a devoted audience among home and SOHO buyers. Gateway has just introduced the fourth generation of its space-saving machine. The Gateway Profile 4X brings Pentium 4 (with Hyper-Threading) power and a host of other improvements to the platform. For consumers with limited desktop real estate, the Profile 4X falls somewhere in between a full-blown desktop system and a desktop replacement notebook. But as with the latter, there are trade-offs.
The Profile 4X features a 2.4-GHz Pentium 4 processor married to an 800-MHz front-side bus (FSB). As with other all-in-ones, your post-purchase upgrade options are limited. You can add memory (up to 1GB) or swap out the hard drive. Anything else will have to be connected via one of the six USB 2.0 or two FireWire ports, or inserted into the PC Card slot—which is just begging for a wireless LAN card, since an internal wireless NIC isn't offered.
The integrated 17-inch LCD display is driven by the 64MB nVidia GeForce4 MX400 video controller, a solid midrange graphics solution. Image quality on the panel is good from all viewing angles. The integrated speaker/SoundMax audio combination is a weak spot, sounding only slightly better than the cheap desktop speakers that most vendors ship with entry-level systems.
To ensure compatibility with legacy components, the Profile includes parallel, serial, and PS/2 ports, as well as a VGA monitor port. A multimedia keyboard and a Logitech USB optical mouse are included in the package. The software bundle is fairly minimal, consisting of Windows XP Home Edition, Microsoft Works Suite 2003, and Gateway's Music Vault jukebox utility.
Performance (25.2 on our Business Winstone 2002 test and 38.0 on Multimedia Content Creation Winstone 2003) was fine for typical productivity chores, but not near what a current state-of-the-art desktop tower can deliver. Of course, a better comparison might be with a desktop replacement notebook, since these are targeting the same space-constrained crowd. Here the Gateway Profile 4X tops most, though note that the fastest notebooks are scoring around 32 on Business Winstone and 42 on Content Creation Winstone.
In its favor, the Profile 4X delivers a desktop-quality LCD screen and a full complement of ports. So if you don't mind sacrificing expandability to save desktop space and are not ready to take the notebook plunge, the Gateway Profile 4X is a good compromise.