text:
Q: Comparison error when implementing a MUX gate in nand2tetris I am trying to implement a MUX (Multiplexor) gate in the nand2tetris course. I first tried myself, and I got an error. But no matter what I changed I always got the error. So I tried checking some code online, and this is what most people use:
CHIP Mux {
    IN a, b, sel;
    OUT out;

    PARTS:
    Not(in=sel, out=nsel);
    And(a=sel, b=b, out=c1);
    And(a=nsel, b=a, out=c2);
    Or(a=c1, b=c2, out=out);
}

But even when I try this code I still get the following error:

What I get as a truth table:
|   a   |   b   |  sel  |  out  |
|   0   |   0   |   0   |   0   |
|   0   |   0   |   1   |   0   |
|   0   |   1   |   0   |   0   |
|   0   |   1   |   1   |   0   |

What I should get:
|   a   |   b   |  sel  |  out  |
|   0   |   0   |   0   |   0   |
|   0   |   0   |   1   |   0   |
|   0   |   1   |   0   |   0   |
|   0   |   1   |   1   |   1   |
|   1   |   0   |   0   |   1   |
|   1   |   0   |   1   |   0   |
|   1   |   1   |   0   |   1   |
|   1   |   1   |   1   |   1   |

I have the newest software suite per 2020-01-13

A: From what can be seen your input pins are:
a = 0
b = 1
sel = 1

Your internal pins are:
nsel = 1
c1   = 1
c2   = 0

All as expected so far.
Expected out = 1 in this case and you get out = 0. Test script stops at this point because of failure.
Now there might be two reasons of that:
1) you didn't load correct Mux.hdl and because if you calculated Or(c1,c2) you would get 1 which is correct. If you placed And gate in place of Or it would explain failure
2) your implementation of Or.hdl is incorrect.Mux uses your version of Or gate if such file is present in the same directory.
So first verify your code in Hardware Simulator, then verify your implementation of Or.hdl. The latter you could do by removing temporarily Or.hdl from project directory. Hardware Simulator would load built-in version of Or gate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Kosovo made its Olympic debut as a member state in 2016. Its team is organized by the Olympic Committee of Kosovo (OCK), created in 1992 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee on 9 December 2014. It won its first medal in its debut appearance in 2016, when judoka Majlinda Kelmendi took gold in the women's -52 kg category. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Nora Gjakova won gold in the women's judo -57 kg class, and Distria Krasniqi won gold in the women's judo -48 kg class.

History
In past Olympic Games, athletes born in what is now Kosovo participated as part of the Yugoslavian team. In the 1960 Summer Olympics, three football players born in Kosovo (Milutin Šoškić, Fahrudin Jusufi, and Vladimir Durković) won gold as part of the Yugoslavian national football team. The first  individual athlete from Kosovo who competed for Yugoslavia at the Olympics was boxer Mehmet Bogujevci in the 1980 Summer Olympics men's welterweight category, reaching the quarterfinals. In the 1984 Summer Olympics, boxer Aziz Salihu became the first individual athlete from Kosovo to win an Olympic medal, a bronze in the super heavyweight class. In the following 1988 Summer Olympics, Salihu became the first Kosovan individual athlete to participate for a third time, again in boxing. The world-renowned judo coach of Kosovo is Driton Kuka. The bronze medalist at the European Championship in 1990 and the World Cup in Hungary in 1991 was to participate for FR Yugoslavia in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, but Kosovo pulled out its competitors because of the repression of ethnic Albanians by the regime of Slobodan Milosevic. Kosovo Albanian Luan Krasniqi won a bronze medal representing Germany in heavyweight boxing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. In the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Taip Ramadani became the first Kosovan Team athlete to represent Australia in Handball. Another Boxer with Kosovan descent would take place, with Naim Terbunja representing Sweden at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Fatmire Alushi, who was born in Kosovo, in Istog won a bronze medal while playing on the German women's football team at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.  Kosovo Albanian Kosovare Asllani won silver medals twice in Football at the Summer Olympics, first at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, representing the Sweden women's national football team. She achieved this feat again in the women's tournament in Tokyo.

After the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Olympic Committee of Kosovo (OCK) was established 1992. However, only Kosovo Serb athletes participated as part of the Olympic teams of Serbia and Montenegro and Serbia. On 17 February 2008, the Kosovan Parliament declared independence from Serbia. World junior champion in judo, Majlinda Kelmendi, qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics. She wanted to compete under the flag of Kosovo, but OCK was not recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) at the time. Also, the IOC turned down Kelmendi's request to compete as an independent athlete. Kelmendi chose instead to represent Albania. In which she couldn't win the first ever medal for Albania as she lost in the Round of Sixteen of this tournament.

In April 2013, the Brussels Agreement was concluded between the Serbian and Kosovan governments. Kosovo was recognised as a provisional member of the IOC on 22 October 2014, before becoming a full member on 9 December 2014. At that time, Kosovo was not a member or observer state of the United Nations, but it had gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 97 out of 193 UN member states. Kelmendi, who had gone on to become World and European judo champion in 2013 and 2014, carried Kosovo's flag during the Parade of Nations in the opening ceremonies in both Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020.

Serbia protested Kosovo's admission to the IOC, as it officially claims that Kosovo is an autonomous province of Serbia. However, Serbia, considering the harmful effects of Yugoslavia's expulsion in 1992, decided against boycotting the 2016 Summer Olympics as a consequence.

Kosovo competed for the first time as a recognized Olympic nation at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. In total eight athletes competed in various sports for Kosovo. Kosovo won one gold medal by Kelmendi in the women's -52kg class, the first Olympic medal for Kosovo in its history. As Kosovo finished their debut in the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the 54th place.

The Olympic Committee of Kosovo made its Winter Olympic debut at the 2018 Games in Pyeongchang. Albin Tahiri was the flag-bearer at the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.

Kosovo competed in the Tokyo Games in 2021, with five male and six female competitors. Majlinda Kelmendi and Akil Gjakova were the flag-bearers in the Parade of Nations.

Kosovo won two gold medals in the 2020 Summer Olympics, both in judo. Distria Krasniqi won the first gold medal for Kosovo in women's -48kg event. Nora Gjakova won the second gold medal for Kosovo in the women's -57kg event, the third gold medal overall for Kosovo at the Olympic Games. They won their two medals after three days of this competition,  ranking them 7th on the Olympic Medal table, that particular day.  Kosovo finished the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokio in the 42nd place. Their highest finish so far, as an nation.

Kosovo competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics held in Beijing. Its Olympic team consisted of two athletes, one male and one female. Albin Tahiri competed in four alpine ski events. Kiana Kryeziu became the first woman in the history of Kosovo to compete at the Winter Olympics, in the women's slalom. Albin Tahiri achieved the best result for Kosovo at the Winter Olympics in the men's combined event with a 15th-place finish. His second best finish came in the men's giant slalom where he finished 30th.

Participation

Timeline of participation

Medal tables

Medals by Summer Games

Medals by Winter Games

Medals by sport

List of medalists

List of total medal winners from Kosovo in its history

Olympic participants

Summer Olympics

Winter Olympics

Flagbearers

See also
Kosovo at the Paralympics
Special Olympics Kosovo
Kosovo at the Youth Olympics
Kosovo at the Mediterranean Games
Kosovo at the European Games
Kosovo at the Jeux de la Francophonie
Kosovo at the Universiade
Sport in Kosovo
Sport in Pristina

Notes

References

External links

 Official website

Nations at the Olympics
Kosovo at multi-sport events

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Souvenir of New South Wales [picture]
PIC Album 157 #PIC/16143
[Sydney : s.n., 188-?]
1 album : photomechanical ; 10 x 14.6 cm.
(188-?]). Souvenir of New South Wales Retrieved February 1, 2023, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-133316174
Souvenir of New South Wales [Sydney: , 188-?]. Web. 1 February 2023 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-133316174>
188-?], Souvenir of New South Wales , [Sydney viewed 1 February 2023 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-133316174
| title=Souvenir of New South Wales
| section=1 album : photomechanical ; 10 x 14.6 cm.
| location=[Sydney
Created/Published Date is Before 1955


text:
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Home » Opinion: Africa, Israel Exploring A Joint Agriculture Innovation Center
Opinion: Africa, Israel Exploring A Joint Agriculture Innovation Center
01/02/19 10:39 AM By Marshall Matz
KEYWORDS African Delegation AGRA Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa Dr. Kalibata Israel Matz seeds Volcani Institute
A team of leading African scientists organized by the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) recently visited Israel to explore the possibility of establishing an Israel-Africa Agriculture Innovation Center. The African scientists were from Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Ethiopia. The African delegation was hosted by the Volcani Institute in Israel. The purpose of the proposed center would be to develop, together with African partners, new solutions designed for Africa's smallholder farmers and determine which Israeli technologies would be the most appropriate to Africa's diverse and unique agro-ecological conditions. Then the big challenge will be to determine how best to transfer these technologies.
Africa's increased production, adoption, and continent-wide distribution of agricultural technologies, including improved and high yielding seed varieties, irrigation and appropriate fertilizer application, has created progress in the lives of millions of people but the potential is still huge. The momentum thus far is leading to even greater aspirations for the years ahead with many African nations pushing to achieve middle income status in the next 30 years, with others gunning for high income status. To meet this demand, organizations like AGRA and its partners continue to build partnerships with other regions to identify relevant technologies and best practices that can be applied by African farmers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers.
Israel, widely acknowledged as a world leader in agricultural development, especially in arid areas, is coming forward to develop, adapt and transfer appropriate technologies and practices to partners across Africa.
"It's a win-win for both Israel and Africa," said Dr. Agnes Kalibata, AGRA's President and the former Agriculture Commissioner from Rwanda, adding that "Africa could benefit from Israel's technical expertise in agriculture and at the same time the Innovation Center could create an opportunity for trade and mutual market opportunities between Africa and Israel." Of interest to the African scientists were the Israeli's expertise growing vegetables, wheat and cassavas among other crops as well as their expertise with irrigation and reducing post-harvest loss.
African delegation tours Israel
The Volcani Agricultural Institute, Israel's premier agricultural research and development institute together with Volcani's non-profit partner, Volcani International Partnerships, is dedicated to supporting Volcani and maximizing their impact abroad. Volcani is primarily responsible for Israel being able to feed itself out of a desert and in addition export $2.5 billion in agriculture products.
Start-Up Nation Central, an Israeli tech NGO that connects companies, countries and organizations with relevant Israeli innovations as well as the Tony Blair Institute, the Syngenta Foundation, and the Israeli Government are also deeply engaged in exploring the possibility of an Israel-Africa Agriculture Innovation Center.
On July 23, 2018 Israel passed a Resolution Israel Resolution No 4021.pdf to strengthen Israel's "activity in the field of international development." Israel will focus on areas where they have a "comparative advantage." Professor Eli Feinerman, Head of the Volcani Center, noted "Israel's expertise in agriculture innovations can be of great assistance to Africa."
Israel now ranks within the top 20 nations in the world on the latest report of the UN's Human Development Index, which places it in the category of "Very Highly Developed". According to their newly passed Resolution they will "focus on Israel's potential contribution to reaching the sustainable development goals as defined by the United Nations." This resolution has the potential to greatly impact Africa.
AGRA, founded in 2006 by the late UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, advances food security and inclusive rural development in Africa putting smallholder farmers at the center of Africa ́s growing economy. It is a farmer-centered, African-led, partnerships-driven institution that is transforming smallholder farming. Through their work, over 15 million farm families now have access to inputs, training, financing, and markets. AGRA has also helped to establish thousands of local African agriculture businesses, including 112 African seed companies. AGRA-funded work with regional and national plant scientists has generated over 650 new crop varieties.
In its current strategy for 2017-2021, AGRA is focused on catalyzing and sustaining an inclusive agricultural transformation in 11 African priority countries to improve the food security and incomes of 30 million farm families. The future of Africa's economy depends on improving agriculture production. That is the key. The African Development Bank is focusing more on agriculture for that reason. An increase in Israeli-African agriculture cooperation could greatly assist African smallholder farmers, particularly in arid climates.
Dr. Kalibata concluded "We are delighted to participate in the effort to establish an Israel-Africa Agriculture Innovation Center. Global partnerships like the proposed Innovation Center will help supercharge the continent's growth trajectory through a technology-backed agricultural sector."
About the author: Marshall Matz is an attorney at OFW Law in Washington, D.C. He has long specialized in agriculture and specifically global food security. After serving as Counsel to the Senate Committee on Agriculture and crafting nutrition legislation for Senators George McGovern (D-SD) and Bob Dole (R-KS) he was the Founding Chairman of the Board of the World Food Program—USA. mmatz@ofwlaw.com
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This week's guest on Open Mic is Michael Dykes, president and CEO of the International Dairy Foods Association. Dykes says trade is a critical issue for the dairy sector and discusses export markets abroad. Here at home, he says the industry must adapt to the desires of the consumer, both in the products IDFA members produce and how the message surrounding them is communicated.
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Marshall Matz specializes in agriculture at OFW Law in Washington, D.C., and in this opinion piece he shares his thoughts on where the U.S. ranks amongst countries globally.
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According to my personal observation, in recent decades Britain and many other country has affected with epidemic proportion of boldness. It affects not only male population in extent unknown to any previous generation in history but as well for the first time in history the boldness effects the female population.
Before I put forward my theory I would like to know do you share my opinion about "epidemic of baldness".
Do you think that in last two to tree decades people are affected with baldness in extent unknown to any previous generation?
I think you're right, and interesting that you noticed this has increased in recent decades.
My hair has been thinning over the last 10-15 years, and as an electrosensitive, I blame it on the proliferation of wireless technology. Since metals are known to be released into the hair shaft, I believe individual hairs act as 'antennas', and when too many signals are coming in all at once from things like cell phone towers, wifi, etc..., your body compensates by shedding some of its own 'antennas' (hair) - eventually leading to baldness.
"According to my personal observation"
Now go and find some real data.
"My hair has been thinning over the last 10-15 years, and as an electrosensitive, I blame it on the proliferation of wireless technology. "
Everybody else blames it on age- but we must all be wrong.
"Since metals are known to be released into the hair shaft"
By whom is that known?
Salts of metals are incorporated into hair (as with opther body tissues) but not the free metal. Since these salts don't conduct electricity they cannot be relevant.
As hair fashion gets shorter, the frequency of resonance has been increasing. Perhaps we're developing antennae to microwave frequencies. We can blame Satellite broadcasts on all of this.
Or could it be that hats are less popular and we are starved of blood up there on cold due to chill factor.
Or it could be a reaction to reality TV programs - or knife crime - or the way kids are behaving - or the Labour Government.
Exactly. Now you are finally making some sense.
Some alternative medicine practitioners will take hair samples to test for metals. By the way, even sodium has a charge to it and is considered a metal, so the strands of hair could very well be acting as antennas.
In fact, if you want to make water boil faster, just add a little salt to it - and then consider what all the EMF/RF in the environment is doing to us 24/7.
In fact, I believe that is why I begin to perspire profusely when I am exposed to any one of these frequencies - my body 'believes' it is being heated, and so it responds by trying to cool me. Sophia could be right, too - it could be satellites. Truthfully, I'm not sure which frequency put me over the edge - I just know that all frequencies now cause my hair to thin. Some of my hairs have actually become wavy since I developed electrosensitivities.
I guess I shouldn't tell you my thoughts though about how I think menopause is not a normal process and how (mostly male) doctors bailed on that issue, too, huh?
Menopause is not normal - not at 50, not at 60, and not at 80 either.
OK so "Some alternative medicine practitioners will take hair samples to test for metals." Yes, no doubt they will, for a fee. But what does this tell you? There are undoubtedly metals compounds present in air and some of them will end up in hair. So what?
"By the way, even sodium has a charge to it and is considered a metal, so the strands of hair could very well be acting as antennas."
Sodium is a metal; it is shiny and comnducts electricity. Salt is a compound of sodium. It isn't silvery and it doesn't conduct electricity- there's no way you could use it as an antenna.
Please learn some science before posting rubbish like that.
A lot of "science for kids" type books and websites talk about the static charge you can build up by combing your hair. The only reason you can do that is that hair is an insulator. Since it doesn't conduct, the presence of metal compounds in it cannot make any difference. It will not act as an antenna.
"In fact, if you want to make water boil faster, just add a little salt to it "
Just plain wrong- salt raises the boiling point of the water and also raises the letent heat of evaporation. It will make the water boil more slowly.
"and then consider what all the EMF/RF in the environment is doing to us 24/7."
A large number of groups who know about electricity (unlike you) have considered this. They have set limits on how much RF energy people can be exposed to. The normal exposures people receive are much lower so the practical answer is that there is no observable effect.
What do you imagine this has to do with salt anyway?
"In fact, I believe that is why I begin to perspire profusely when I am exposed to any one of these frequencies "
When are you not exposed? How can you possibly know that this is the reason for the perspiration?
" I just know that all frequencies now cause my hair to thin"
How do you know- how on earth could you have done the test?
"I guess I shouldn't tell you my thoughts though about how I think menopause is not a normal process and how (mostly male) doctors bailed on that issue, too, huh?"
Probably not. The menopause is mentioned in the old testament. Either you explain their radio transmitters and mobile 'phones or you accept that the menopause is as old as history.
"Menopause is not normal - not at 50, not at 60, and not at 80 either. "
Yes it is, see above.
I'll start with menopause here because I know a little bit about menopause. Is that okay with you, bored chemist? - or do you know more about menopause than the average middle-aged woman? - because I can shut up here any time, if you'd like.
Two years ago a doctor said to me, "I've seen women go into menopause as early as 29!"
Lucky for me I questioned the normalcy of an early menopause, and with antibiotics, detoxification, and removal of as much electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from my environment as possible, beginning with a cordless phone I used to sleep next to, my hormones are back full force, and I intend to use them here if need be.
By the way, I thought it was scientific 'fact' that menopause was final and could not be reversed? So what happened with me?
And though I realize men are eager to believe that they are virile until death, whereas a woman shrivels up by the age of 50, somehow that defies nature - don't you think? If a man is able to reproduce into old age, there is no reason why a woman shouldn't be able to do so also.
So my question would be - what are we doing to compromise a woman's ability to bear children into old age?
Considering the fact that they are finding higher levels of magnetic iron oxides in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, but exceptionally higher levels in those of women who suffer from Alzheimer's (due to the fact that women metabolize iron differently than men do - Alzheimer's or not), don't you think that it would be plausible that iron metabolism might be a component to why women enter menopause (and thus become infertile), yet men retain their ability to reproduce into old age?
And if you think about it, what 20 year old girl would even want to reproduce with an 80 year old man? - or even a 50 year old man, for that matter? Not any young girl I know, though I'm sure you'd like to believe so.
And where exactly in the Bible is menopause described?
Also, where is your scientific proof that the metals found in human hair come from the air? One women who described clear symptoms of electrosensitivities on another forum (and who only believed she had Lyme) had her hair analyzed - interestingly enough, they found high levels of calcium in it, and exposure to this radiation has been shown to specifically affect calcium's efflux, which I believe to be the movement of calcium into and out of the cells. Please correct me if I'm wrong, as my chemistry is obviously quite rusty.
So it's very possible that calcium is involved in electrosensitivity, too, in addition to sodium. In fact, some researchers are finding low levels of calcium in electrosensitivities, though I don't believe that a deficiency of the mineral is the cause of electrosensitivities - I believe it is a byproduct of it.
Hats off to you though regarding sodium - I was wrong! - I looked it up, and adding salt to water does not cause water to boil faster, but it does shorten cooking time! So though my science might have been a little off, my theory still holds - I sweat upon exposure to these frequencies so that my cooking time is lengthened!
And you are correct in saying I am always being exposed to EMR - and I always feel some level of discomfort, even in my own home.
And though my body has done its best at attempting to adapt and survive the levels that I am normally exposed to in my home, it has a threshold of tolerance. And now that I have surpassed my threshold to the point of developing electrosensitivies, new exposures are especially problematic for me and cause an exceptional surge of symptoms.
And I'll say this again - I had these symptoms prior to any knowledge of electrosensitivity (ES), and I later measured my exposures with a special meter to confirm - can't get any blinder than that, considering certain rooms, roads, stores, etc... always seemed to incite symptoms, before I even had a meter to measure them and prove this theory.
In fact, I told my neighbor that I felt horrible in my home, but even worse in hers (before I had this meter), and sure enough, her home measures even higher than mine. In fact, once I had even nearly collapsed upon entering her home - again, before I even knew what electrosensitivity was.
Please get to grips with the fact that hair cannot act as an antenna because it doesn't conduct electricity. The amount of sodium's or other metals' salts in it won't affect this.
The Book of Moses says "And it ceased with Sarah after the manner of women and that her womb was dead".
It was well known 4000 years ago that women's reproductive cycle ceased naturally. This cessation is "the manner of women"
Less well documented perhaps, but equally true, is that men's reproductive success falls with age. It's not twentysomethings who get prescriptions for viagra. Older men take longer to father children than younger men. The system is a little biased in favour of men. Of course from your point of view that makes sense- God is a man.
"can't get any blinder than that"
Blinder than reading a meeter is to get someone else to read it while you are not there.
2) Woman eventually becomes aware of an emerging environmental illness called electrosensitivity, obtains a special meter to measure these effects, and predicts the areas in number 1 will be higher areas of exposure.
3) Woman measures these areas when the meter arrives - every one of these areas is high as predicted.
To say that isn't blind? Well then, maybe I'm not psychosomatic, but instead psychic.
According to the Bible then, Sarah's womb was dead - not her ovaries. And I think it's pretty interesting that you trust that menopause existed 4000 years ago and cite the Bible as proof, but everything else in the Bible is fantasy, or just plain nonsense.
By the way, I assign no gender to 'God', but if I had to, She would be female.
"Virgin Births For Giant Lizards"
As far as hair goes, so you're telling me that if I were to send a hair sample to a laboratory, no copper, for example, would be detected? And if I were to grab a good chunk of my hair and insert it into an electrical outlet, it would not conduct?


In Syria the place of falling of the Russian Il-20 plane is revealed, reports Zvezda TV channel with reference to the Russian Defense Ministry. It is in the Mediterranean Sea in 27 km to the west of the settlement Banias of the Syrian province of Latakia. Il-20 eight ships, boats and support vessels of the Navy of the Russian Federation participate in operation on peep of crew members. On their board fragments of the bodies of crew members and personal belongings and also plane fragments are raised. Late at night on September 17 the plane of radio-electronic fight (REB) of Russian Air Forces Il-20 has disappeared from radar screens of management of aircraft during the attack of four Israeli F-16 planes on the Syrian objects in the province Latakia. The CNN TV channel with reference to a source reports that Il-20 has been brought allegedly accidentally down by the Syrian air defenses during reflection of the attack of the Israeli Air Force. The Israel Defense Forces have refused comments. Later the Russian Defense Ministry has officially reported that Il-20 with the Russian military has been onboard brought down by the air defense rocket of Syria. According to the ministry, the Israeli planes have purposely created a dangerous situation for the surface ships and aircrafts which are in the district of Latakia. The Israeli pilots, being covered with the Russian plane, have substituted it under fire of anti-aircraft weapons of Syria. As a result Il-20, whose effective reflecting surface 10 times more than at F-16, have been brought down by a rocket of the S-200 complex. Onboard there were 15 servicemen — all of them have died.


Paula joined Beaird Harris in 1991 and became a shareholder in 2002. She works extensively with start-up companies and small businesses, specializing in working with physicians, dentists, attorneys, franchises, and sales companies. Paula is active in our wealth management business and has a passion for helping our clients achieve financial independence.
With her extensive tax background, she works to merge financial planning goals with integrated tax strategies to achieve maximum financial results and tax savings. Paula also oversees the Firm's internship program and staff hiring and takes great pride in finding and retaining great Beaird Harris team members.
Paula is a 1992 graduate of Texas A&M University and became a CPA in 1994. She is a licensed Investment Advisory Representative, as well as a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and Texas Society of CPAs. She is also an active volunteer and serves on her church finance board of directors.
My husband, Brad, and I have three children - Travis, Abby and Austin. To all of my Aggie brethren, I named my sons after Texas icons - Travis after William Barret and Austin after Stephen F., NOT after a certain university with burnt orange colors in Texas.
"Whatever you do, do your work heartily, as for the Lord rather than for men..."


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Welsh tech entrepreneurs showcase their ideas at Google Campus
by Nicholas Fearn	, June 29
Several Welsh entrepreneurs are looking to launch their tech businesses after pitching and showcasing at Google Campus last Friday. They were taking part in the final stage of IdeasFund, a tech accelerator fund set up by the founders of TechHub Swansea. In all, 7 companies pitched. The business minds spoke in front of industry experts...
Tom Wood, CEO of RWA
Tech Dragons recently caught up with Tom Wood, the CEO of RWA, a Blaenavon-based company developing technologies and solutions for learning and skills development. TD: What does your business do? TW: RWA e-Learning builds and provides online learning solutions designed to engage learners, increase skills development and help learners to evidence competence and achievement. TD:...
Doopoll makes string of international talent hires
Following a successful first year and a global recruitment drive, Cardiff-based tech start-up Doopoll has made a string of key international talent hires. With the online polling platform being used on every continent excluding Antartica, the firm's founders Steve Dimmick, Sam Goudie and Marc Thomas decided that its search for talent shouldn't be restricted to...
Codez Academy and Digital Profile partner to close digital skills gap
Codez Academy and Digital Profile have formed a partnership to help close the digital skills gap in Wales. This will see Digital Profile, a job platform, sharing relevant opportunities in tech with recent graduates from Codez's Academy digital skills program. At the same time, the academy will be able to tap into data from Digital...
BAFTA Cymru Games Awards winners are announced
The winners of this year's BAFTA Cymru Games Awards have officially been announced along with four commendations. Now in its fourth year, the 2016 ceremony was held at the Tramshed in Cardiff over the weekend. It formed a major part of the Wales Games Development Show. Cardiff-based games developer Rantmedia won Best Game of the...
Brexit: The impact on Wales and its tech scene
by Askar Sheibani , June 21
After months of speculation, the future of the UK's EU membership will finally be decided on 23rd June. The EU referendum will give UK citizens a choice many of them have never been given before – whether the country should or shouldn't be part of the European Union. Naturally, this decision has been met with...


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Title: MARIEL CUBAN PROBLEM
Corporate Author: New York State Dept of Correctional Services
New York State Dept of Correctional Services
Sale Source: National Institute of Justice/
Format: Document
Annotation: This report provides background information on the origin of the migration of the Cuban immigrants known as the Mariel Cubans to the United States in 1991, as well as the reasons why the Mariel Cubans are regarded as being somehow different from other Cuban-born inmates.
Abstract: The Mariel refugees different from previous Cuban immigrants in that they lacked political and financial support and included a small percentage of ex-prisoners and persons with psychiatric histories. They were initially a group of mainly working-class people who entered the compound at the Peruvian embassy in Havana following the Cuban government's public announcement that it was withdrawing its military guard after an incident involving a small group of Cubans seeking political asylum. The Cuban government incorrectly stated that these refugees were social misfits and offered Cuban-Americans an opportunity to come to Cuba to pick up their relatives. Some of the Cuban- Americans were forced to take prisoners or physically or mentally ill persons in their boats. Thus, contrary to formal diplomatic procedure, the individuals leaving Cuba from Mariel, a small port city, had not been interviewed by United States State Department personnel prior to their departure. From 1.5 to 4 percent of the total of the more than 124,000 Mariel Cubans are estimated to have been criminals. The Federal Government chose to detain the deportable Mariels and eventually consolidated them into two Federal prisons. In New York State, the Mariels accounted for almost two-thirds of the Cuban-born inmates under the custody of the Department of Correctional Services on December 31, 1990. 38 references
Main Term(s): Foreign inmates; Immigrants/Aliens
Index Term(s): Corrections; Cuba; New York; Political influences


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Interview: The Gustonomical Mr Sams
Posted July 26, 2019 by Frank Wainwright
An Interview with food and drink revolutionary Craig Sams
Fashion, we understand, is cyclical. Certainly, today's growing enthusiasm for overnight oats and green tea is a phenomenon that 75-year old hip entrepreneur Craig Sams has seen before. Craig's 1960s saw him fascinated by microbiotic food, driven by the yin and yang of dining and serving his brown rice to the various acolytes hanging around some of the iconic faces of 1966's short-lived underground UFO Club, where Pink Floyd and Yoko Ono temporarily entwined their artistic roots, and Jimi Hendrix riffed.
For Craig the power of Zen became the power of ten when his fascination with food and fondness for fairness struck the right notes causing first Whole Earth peanut butter, then Green and Blacks chocolate to cross the line from niche to mainstream. This chilled out entrepreneurial dynamo has achieved so many of his dreams without having his principles derailed.
Organic peanut butter Whole Earth, born in the 60s, maxed out on the recent protein trend and finally, in 2015, under guidance from dutch firm Wessanen, overhauled Sun Pat as the UK's number one brand. Green and Blacks, the brand Sams and his wife once cooked up in the kitchen, famously sold to Cadbury for £20M, a deal over which Sams has talked about often in appropriately bitter-sweet words. Even the £20 million softener made these hard apron strings to cut,
Energy drink Gusto is a rediscovered gem from Sam's brand stable, a product that first emerged in homespun fashion as refreshment at a Groucho Club party to celebrate a business anniversary for Whole Earth. The brand was the brainchild of Sam's children Rima and Karim in 1990, was sold to Wessanen in 2002, meddled with in a way that Sams didn't like, and is now back in family hands again.
Gusto is a typical piece of Sam's work, a challenger in a crowded market that stands up for its principles and authenticity. Hero product Gusto Cola is low calorie, free of chemicals, and Fairtrade. The cherry variant, Sams proudly sates, is made with real cherries… Softly spoken Sams likes to say 'best possible' a lot and it is a term he makes sound convincing. Gusto, he says, prides itself on 'best possible ingredients.'
The Gusto range, 'bursting with botanicals', Sams says, has been easy to relaunch with an ingredients first message. He explains that so much of the cost of a product is warehousing and logistics, that skimping on ingredients is a false economy. Sams has a field team currently in action, distributing free samples to retailers, as he believes that the difference in flavour is easy to appreciate. His faith is considerable – 'the product [once tasted] builds an unshakeable following', he says.
The product has been established as the preferred choice at some A-List venues including Tate Modern and has traction with retailers including Ocado. Craft soft drinks is a growing market with brands like Fentimans making strides, but just as with Green and Blacks, Sams sees the opportunity as being the £15.7bn UK soft drinks industry in toto, rather than just the craft niche. Sams also wants Gusto to tackle the market as a soft drink and as a mixer at the same time, with Sam's wife Josephine Fairley being the one to forge craft gin connections ahead of her teetotal husband . If that home team sounds like a small-scale operation, remember that this family has done it all before. There is no shortage of ambition.
Currently Gusto has smashed its fundraising targets on Crowdcube, raising £240,000. That has whipped past its £180,000 target, with great …er Gusto, and, at time of writing, there are still 12 days to go. Investors are excited. Since Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz took up 49 per cent of the Thai drink Red Bull and slowly turned it into a global phenomenon anything has seemed possible in the market. Could another family business make a breakthrough to billions? Sams and his family have enough credibility to suggest that lightening just may strike twice.
We are certainly in an era where authenticity is the trend. If you haven't seen Coke's Signature Mixers yet, Google them. The packaging harks back to Coke's apothecary origins and allows the drinker to hold a brand-new product that feels timeless.
If there is a better purveyor of authenticity than Craig Sams, I have yet to discover them. This is the man who supplied muesli to the first ever Glastonbury! In the jostle to unveil granma's recipes and the scramble to recapture old Hank's best barrel method, it will be fascinating to see whether a family that has stuck to their belief in exact heritage across an era-bridging 6 decades, can have another success on their hands. What happens to Gusto will be an intriguing watch for arbiters of taste.
Gusto is currently on Crowdcube


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Дворец спорта (в настоящий момент коммунальное предприятие «Харьковский Дворец спорта») — наибольшее спортивное сооружение Харькова закрытого типа (общая площадь — 19 150 м²) на 3500 мест. Расположен на проспекте Петра Григоренко, 2.

Используется для проведения различных спортивных мероприятий (по волейболу, по мини-футболу, по баскетболу, по гандболу и др.), выставок, выступлений звёзд эстрады и других массовых мероприятий.

История Дворца спорта

Советский период (1977—1991)
 Харьковский Дворец спорта был сдан в эксплуатацию в 1977 году как универсальный трансформированный каток с искусственным льдом закрытого типа.
 Дворец являлся «домашним» для хоккейной команды Динамо (Харьков).
 В 1978 году во Дворце спорта впервые был проведен международный турнир по художественной гимнастике памяти В. И. Савиной, в котором принимало участие 12 команд.
 В 1981 году была проведена международная встреча по волейболу среди женских команд СССР и Японии, а в 1984 году, перед Олимпиадой в Лос-Анджелесе, среди мужских команд СССР — США.
 В 1981 году был сдан в эксплуатацию тренировочный каток, где проводилась начальная подготовка юных хоккеистов. На малом тренировочном поле работала школа начальной подготовки по фигурному катанию.
 В 1990 году в связи с тяжелым финансовым положением Дворца спорта эксплуатация демонстрационного зала в ледовом режиме была прекращена, учебно-тренировочные занятия проводились на тренировочном катке.

Современный этап (с 1991 г.)
 В 1995 году в результате технического преобразования демонстрационного зала был уложен деревянный помост, что дало возможность использовать Дворец спорта для проведения соревнований по волейболу, мини-футболу, гандболу, боксу, художественной гимнастике и других игровых видов спорта.
 С 1996 года Дворец спорта функционирует стабильно. В этом же году были проведены Кубок обладателей кубка Европейских государств по волейболу команд «Локомотив — Олвест» г. Харьков — «Дезимпель» Бельгия. Федерация волейбола Украины отметила, что Харьковский Дворец спорта полностью соответствует проведению международных соревнований.
 За период работы с 1996 года по 2005 год были проведены такие соревнования разного уровня:
 по волейболу:
 Чемпионаты и Кубки Украины;
 Кубки Европейской конфедерации с Португалией, Испанией, Македонией, Югославией, Чехией;
 Всеукраинские летние молодёжные игры (ежегодно);
 Международный турнир на Кубок губернатора, посвященный дню освобождения г. Харькова от немецко-фашистских захватчиков и Дню независимости Украины (ежегодно).
 по мини-футболу:
 Чемпионаты и Кубки Украины;
 Традиционный международный турнир «Кубок освобождения»;
 Детско-юношеский турнир среди школьников г. Харькова;
 Студенческий турнир на Кубок Президента Украины;
 Традиционный турнир «1000 команд».
 по баскетболу:
 Игры Чемпионата Украины;
 Игры на кубок Украины.
 по гандболу:
 Чемпионат Украины.

Дворец спорта проводил Чемпионат Мира по самбо среди юниоров, международный турнир по боксу «Славянские игры», Международный турнир по художественной гимнастике на Кубок Семеновой, Чемпионат Украины по акробатическому рок-н-роллу.

Во Дворце спорта выступали известные артисты эстрады Валерий Кипелов, Алла Пугачева, Валерий Леонтьев, Филипп Киркоров, София Ротару, Алсу, Игорь Крутой и Игорь Николаев, Польский и Ленинградский балеты на льду. В мае 1978 года выступал Владимир Высоцкий.

1 февраля 2014 года во Дворце Спорта был проведен Всеукраинский съезд первичных организаций Партии Регионов, на котором был основан Украинский фронт, как реакция на события Евромайдана в Киеве.

22 февраля 2015 года в районе Дворца Спорта произошёл взрыв. Прокуратура Украины квалифицировала инцидент как террористический акт.

Основные технические показатели
 Объём сооружения — 106 339 м³;
 Общая площадь — 3,5 га;
 Высота игрового зала 12 м;
 Освещение основного зала — 1000 люкс;
 Количество посадочных мест — 3500;
 Деревянный игровой помост — 45×30 м² — (1665 м²);
 Общая площадь всех раздевалок с душем — 368,84 м².
 Количество штатных единиц (по списку) — 148 человек, из них 113 рабочих, 35 специалистов.

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт КП «Харьковский Дворец спорта»
 Официальный сайт КП «Харьковский Дворец спорта» (альтернативное оформление)

Ледовые арены Украины
Дворцы спорта Харькова


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Q: Wait for a event result in kotlin I'm using a bluetooth printer SDK,
which has a call back interface method to be trigger on search completed.
fun method1(){
    val callBack = HoinPrinterCallBack(callBack = fun (): Int{
             //Triggered after search completed
             return 0;
            })
    mHoinPrinter = HoinPrinter.getInstance(this, 1, callBack)
}

Callback interface implementation

typealias CallBack = () -> Int

class HoinPrinterCallBack () : PrinterCallback {

    override fun onEvent(p0: PrinterEvent?) {
        print(p0)
        if(p0?.event == Constant.EVENT_FIND_BT_DEVICE || p0?.event == Constant.EVENT_DISCOVERY_BT_FINISHED){
            callBack()
        }
        }
    }

}

I pass a callBack method to be triggered on search completed event in above code.
Then there is a separate method API for search of bluetooth device.
fun methhod2(){
    mHoinPrinter.startBtDiscovery();
}

My requirement is to wait for the completed event callback after startBTDiscovery. Any suggestions on how I can proceed further?


Courtney Snelling has been an International Tax Law Editor at Bloomberg BNA since 2014. Courtney has a B.A. in Economics from Stanford University, a J.D. from Cumberland School of Law, and an LL.M. from Georgetown University. He is a member of the Alabama State Bar. You can contact him at csnelling@bna.com.


text:
First-ever CANNABINOID ANXIETY RELIEF EDUCATION STUDY (C.A.R.E.S.) will explore CBD and Cannabis Efficacy for Anxiety aggravated by COVID-19.
University of California, Irvine Departments of Emergency Medicine and Informatics, in partnership with Wholistic Research and Education Foundation, introduce C.A.R.E.S., an exploratory survey reaching millions of CBD and cannabis users across the U.S. to assess the potential role of cannabinoids in reducing anxiety and insomnia and improving quality of life.
Wholistic Research and Education Foundation
SAN DIEGO, Sept. 23, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Wholistic Research and Education Foundation (Wholistic), a federally approved public non-profit (501c3) dedicated to cannabis research, education and advocacy, is sponsoring a first-of-its-kind exploratory survey on CBD and cannabis efficacy in reducing anxiety, to be conducted by University of California, Irvine (UCI), in partnership with UC Institute for Prediction Technology (UCIPT). The Cannabinoid Anxiety Relief Education Study (C.A.R.E.S.) will reach millions of CBD and cannabis users across the U.S. to assess the potential role of cannabinoids in reducing anxiety and other co-morbid conditions, such as insomnia and depression. This large-scale research study is especially relevant given high COVID-19 driven anxiety levels nationwide and the many state and local governments which have deemed cannabis businesses "essential" and thus accessible during this time.
"We're in the midst of a massive uncontrolled human experiment, with tens of millions of Americans turning to CBD and cannabis for anxiety relief. Given the lack of rigorous, controlled clinical trials on CBD or cannabis efficacy for these widespread conditions, it's critical to collect real-world data (RWD) at scale, across diverse demographics, to learn directly from the experiences of actual users. C.A.R.E.S. will do just that, while also establishing the foundational groundwork that will inspire and guide others to follow suit," said Pelin Thorogood, Co-Founder and President of Wholistic. "We're deeply appreciative of our generous donors and survey-distribution partners for enabling this first-of-its kind study with UCI and UCIPT and look forward to sharing what we expect will be invaluable findings on the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for anxiety and insomnia."
With the goal of understanding current attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding CBD and cannabis use for anxiety, insomnia, and depression, C.A.R.E.S. will collect and analyze data on types of cannabis and CBD products currently used, as well details on dose, frequency, timing of use, and delivery methods associated with therapeutic benefit. Further adding to this broad-based usage data, C.A.R.E.S will collect demographic, geographic and other data points, such as medication, dietary supplement, and alcohol use, yielding valuable insights on potential health benefits of CBD and cannabis during this unprecedented time.
Dr. Sean Young, Executive Director of the UCIPT and the principal investigator (PI) for the study stated, "one of the unique elements of this nationwide study is the use of widely accepted indices to assess the severity of anxiety and insomnia levels for each of the participants in correlation to their stated cannabinoid use. The large and diverse participant population will enable us to analyze differences in CBD and cannabis use patterns in relation to anxiety levels, demographics, prescription medication and supplement usage to assess how each of these factors may impact perceived health benefits for various segments." Dr. Young, an Associate Professor in the UCI Departments of Emergency Medicine and Informatics, has previously worked for NASA and Cisco, and served as an advisor to numerous companies.
The insights from this nationwide survey of tens of thousands of users will be shared broadly with the public, medical professionals and the FDA.
Survey Distribution
The UCI IRB-approved survey will be distributed to millions of CBD and cannabis users via email lists and online forums of numerous Wholistic partners, including PINCHme.com, ProjectCBD.org, CBDOilReview.org, BuyCBDProducts.com, Trailblazers Presents, Aeon Botanika, OpenNest Labs, Clean Label Project and Vertosa, who will all be promoting study participation.
"A 2019 Gallup poll found that 14% of Americans use CBD products, citing relief from anxiety (20%) and insomnia (11%) as two of the top reasons for use, trailing only pain relief. In recent months, PINCHme.com has seen tremendous demand for CBD product trials and has distributed over 110,000 CBD product samples to its online community of +6MM subscribers in 1H 2020 alone. PINCHme.com is excited to join forces with Wholistic, UCI, UCIPT and other distribution partners to contribute to the most comprehensive research study ever to explore CBD usage patterns for anxiety and insomnia with their growing panel of CBD users and consumers interested in trying CBD products," said Jeremy Reid, CEO of PINCHme.com.
"As brand and community builders in the cannabis and hemp marketplace, we're seeing a surge in consumer interest, accelerated by epidemic proportions of anxiety driven by COVID-19. Yet, there is virtually no data on type of formulations, dose, frequency, timing of use, and delivery methods most associated with therapeutic benefit, which are essential to increase trust and credibility in the cannabis and CBD industry," added Michael Kamins, Co-Founder and Partner of OpenNest Labs, and organizer of Trailblazers, the premier community of cannabis business and cultural leaders. "We're delighted to support Wholistic to enable much-needed clinical evidence from multidisciplinary trials, augmented by Real-World Data collection efforts such as C.A.R.E.S., to formulate the best possible products, as well as educate consumers and policymakers with objective health outcome data."
For more information on C.A.R.E.S. or if you're interested in participating in this study, please follow the Study Registration link check for eligibility.
About the University of California, Irvine: Founded in 1965, UCI is the youngest member of the prestigious Association of American Universities. The campus has produced three Nobel laureates and is known for its academic achievement, premier research, innovation and anteater mascot. Led by Chancellor Howard Gillman, UCI has more than 36,000 students and offers 222 degree programs. It's located in one of the world's safest and most economically vibrant communities and is Orange County's second-largest employer, contributing $5 billion annually to the local economy. For more on UCI, visit www.uci.edu.
About UCIPT
The UC Institute for Prediction Technology (UCIPT) is a multidisciplinary, multicampus collaborative accelerating innovations that leverage social technologies to predict human behaviors and outcomes. UCIPT was founded in 2015 after winning the University of California President's Research Catalyst Award. There are currently faculty leaders at four campuses: UCLA, UC San Diego, UC Santa Cruz, and UC Irvine. UCI is the hosting institution. Learn more at www.predictiontechnology.ucla.edu
About Wholistic Research and Education Foundation
Wholistic Research and Education Foundation is a public non-profit (501c3) dedicated to cannabis & CBD research, education and advocacy. Promoting a multi-disciplinary approach, Wholistic research initiatives explore underlying mechanisms of action that may explain how various cannabinoids deliver their diverse health benefits and their personalized effects. Our collective endeavors are intended not only fill in the gaps in current research but also to help educate health care professionals and the general public with relevant scientific findings on cannabis safety and efficacy. Learn more at https://wholistic.org/.
SOURCE Wholistic Research and Education Foundation
https://www.wholistic.org/


Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi-110029, India.
Introduction: Family history of hypertension in medical students is an important, non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension in future.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of sustained hypertension in young asymptomatic medical students with a parental history of hypertension.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical college of Dehradun. A total of 104 medical students with parental history of hypertension (Group A) and 100 medical students without a parental history of hypertension (Group B) were included. Electronically blood pressures were recorded on two separate occasions at an interval of 15 days. Comparison was done using Chi-square test/Likelihood ratio, Un-paired t-test and ANCOVA.
Results: Overall, Group A had significantly higher percentage of prehypertensive (56.7%) and hypertensive (17.3%) students as compared to Group B which were 19% and 1%, respectively. Group A students had significantly higher Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) as compared to Group B, even after controlling for the differences in Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Hypertension was significantly higher in asymptomatic, healthy medical students with parental history of hypertension as compared to those with normotensive parents. We need to orient medical students to improve their knowledge, attitude and lifestyle practices early in life to prevent, treat hypertension and prevent its subsequent morbidity and mortality.


According to tradition, Cortona is known as "mother of Troy and grand-mother of Rome": it is said that hero Dardanus left Cortona to found Troy, a place that, a few centuries later, Aeneas left to found Rome… Beyond the historical truth, this proves the presence of an ancient human settlement on the hill where the Etruscan town Curtum was built. In the 4th-5th century B.C. Cortona was one of the twelve Etruscan cities, rich and prosperous, governed by powerful noble families (the so-called principes) and judges whose names are witnessed by the monuments and archaeological finds located on the territory, above all the imposing burial mounds of Sodo and Camucia, whose grave goods are on display in the MAEC museum.
Between the 4th and the 2nd century B.C. the region underwent a Romanization process but also a new monumentalization of the town: the city walls, the tanelle (independent burial structures) and, among the finds, the famous tabula cortonensis, one of the longest documents written in Etruscan that have ever been found, date back to this period.
During the Roman times, Cortona became a municipium then a colony, maintaining its autonomy. According to historical sources, Corito was its name at that time. From the town planning point of view, it developed around the main Cardo and the main Decumanus (which are still recognizable today as Via Nazionale-Via Roma and Via Guelfa-Via Benedetti-Via Dardano). The layout of the Roman villa in Ossaia is also very interesting since it is a prestigious evidence of a productive dwelling of the Roman times (1st – 4th century A.D.).
Main monuments: gateways and Etruscan walls, burial mounds of Sodo and Camucia, Tanella of Pythagoras, Tabula Cortonensis, mosaics of the villa of Ossaia, MAEC museum, MAEC archaeological park.
The municipal autonomy of the Roman times contributed to maintain the autonomous town setup of Cortona even during the invasions of the Barbarians who occupied the territory between the 5th and the 8th century A.D. and in the Middle Ages. Around 1150 Cortona was an independent commune, but starting from the 13th century the town acquired a growing importance even thanks to several religious orders that decided to establish their convents and churches in Cortona: Franciscans, Augustinians, Dominicans and Servants of Mary, just to mention the most important ones. Culture spread thanks to them and building works increased considerably, transforming the town into a vibrant and expanding place; it is no coincidence that the extraordinary series of procession chants, known as Laudario di Cortona, was written here between the 13th and the 14th century and is now preserved in the Code 91 of the Etruscan Academy and Municipal Library. It should not be forgotten that Saint Francis founded one of his first convents in Cortona and Brother Elias, his successor, was the architect of the Church of San Francesco.
The first municipal statute, dating back to 1250, shows how the town had its own territory, its own mint and autonomous legislation. At that time there were several wars with many of the neighboring states: due to its central location, both Arezzo and Florence wanted to rule over the territory of Cortona and this situation led to a long-lasting and reliable "friendship" with Siena. The most tragic moment of the Middle Ages history was the period between 1258 and 1261 when the town was occupied by the Guelphs of Arezzo and devastated; the runaway Ghibellines, helped by some troops from Siena, who had won the Battle of Montaperti in 1260, finally managed to regain control of the town on 25th April 1261 and to drive out the invaders: this event, known as "Romore di San Marco", set Cortona free and from that moment on Saint Mark the Evangelist became one of the patron saints of Cortona.
The 1325 Statute showed the transformation of Cortona into a local Signoria governed by the Casali family. Between 1325 and 1409 Cortona was governed by six different lords, who made it flourish from the cultural and artistic points of view. This period was relatively peaceful, although it was also affected by famine and plague. The good relationship with Siena is also proven by the famous wedding between Francesco Senese Casali and Antonia Salimbeni from Siena celebrated in 1397.
However, the last member of the Casali family, Aloigi Battista, ruined its reputation because of his wrongdoing and massacres so that the citizens decided to offer the town to the king of Naples, Ladislaus, who was passing through Valdichiana because of a war with Visconti, but Ladislaus finally sold it to Florence. This happened in 1409 and in 1411 Cortona was already a member of the Florentine Republic; since Cortona decided to become part of the Republic, it wasn't devastated like Arezzo, for example, but rather the local noble families managed to build alliances with Florentine noble families.
The fact that Cortona entered into the sphere of influence of Florence marked the end of independence and a complete subjugation to the Florentine Republic and then to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until the Unification of Italy. This ushered a period of peace and wealth for Cortona, which triggered significant civil development and cultural growth.
From the town planning point of view, in 1508 the Church of Santa Maria Assunta became the town Cathedral (replacing thus the previous Cathedral of San Vincenzo located outside the city walls), whereas in 1556 Grand Duke Cosimo I decided to restore the city walls and the Fortress, defining the current layout of the town; the squares were enlarged and many medieval houses were demolished to be replaced by beautiful Renaissance palaces with elegant facades, similar to those built at that time in Florence. The most important Renaissance buildings in Cortona are the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio, designed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini, and the Church of Santa Maria Nuova, which was designed by Vasari and other architects.
Since the Renaissance, but mostly between the 17th and 18th century, several cultural academies were established in Cortona, such as the Etruscan Academy, still existing today, which became renowned in the most prestigious intellectual environments of Italy and Europe for its spirit of the Enlightenment and its European openness (important figures like Voltaire were members of the Academy). The Church of San Filippo Neri and the Church of San Benedetto were built at that time.
The last building transformations, which gave the town its current layout, were carried out in the 19th century: the so-called "Regio Imperiale Teatro Leopoldo" (now known as Theater Signorelli); the Parterre public gardens and the imposing construction of Viale Cesare Battisti; the complete reconstruction of the Sanctuary of Santa Margherita on the hilltop and finally the monumental Cemetery of Mercy, halfway down the hill.
Among the extraordinary artists who were born or worked in Cortona, we find Fra Angelico (hosted at the Convent of San Domenico), who offered to that Church two masterpieces made between 1434 and 1438 and now displayed in the Diocesan Museum, The Annunciation and the Triptych; Luca Signorelli (1523) who, apart from leaving several important works in the town such as frescoes, paintings and altarpieces, opened a flourishing workshop that continued to operate successfully after his death; Pietro Berrettini (1597-1669), known as Il Cortona, a master of Italian Baroque; Gino Severini (1883-1966), one of the most famous painters of avantgarde movements in the 20th century.