Ferguson, Kevin M. (2015) Towards a better understanding of the flight mechanics of compound helicopter configurations. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.
The compound helicopter is a high speed design concept that is once again being explored due to the emerging requirements for rotorcraft to obtain speeds that significantly surpass the conventional helicopter. The speed of the conventional helicopter is limited by retreating blade stall, however the introduction of compounding delays the onset of this aerodynamic limitation until greater flight speeds. There are two common types of compounding known as lift and thrust compounding. Lift compounding, provided by the addition of a wing offloads the main rotor of its lifting responsibilities in high speed flight. Thrust compounding, provided by the addition of a propulsive source such as a propeller, provides additional axial force divorcing the main rotor of its propulsive duties at high speeds. The addition of compounding to the helicopter design can therefore increase the maximum speed of the aircraft. This increase in speed, provided that efficient hover capability is maintained, would make the compound helicopter suitable for various roles and missions in both military and civil markets.
The compound helicopter is not a novel idea with many compound helicopter configurations flight tested in the 1960's. Due to these test programmes, as well as other studies, there is some material relating to the compound helicopter in the literature. However, the majority of the compound helicopter work describes flight tests of experimental aircraft or focuses on the design of the aircraft configuration. There are no systematic studies of the flight dynamics of compound helicopters which have been published. This Thesis targets this gap in the literature. Consequently, the aim of this Thesis is to investigate the effects of compounding on the conventional helicopter and how this addition to the helicopter design influences the flight mechanics of this aircraft class. With the renewed interest in the compound helicopter design this work is both original and timely. To investigate the flight dynamics of this aircraft class, two mathematical models of compound helicopter configurations are developed and compared with a conventional helicopter. The first compound helicopter configuration features a coaxial rotor with a pusher propeller providing additional axial thrust, and is referred to as the coaxial compound helicopter. The second configuration, known as the hybrid compound helicopter, features two wings each with a tip mounted propeller providing thrust compounding. The conventional helicopter features a standard helicopter design with a main rotor providing the propulsive and lifting forces, whereas a tail rotor, mounted at the rear of the aircraft, provides the yaw control.
Other authors have focused on design considerations and have quantified all of the benefits of compounding but to date, a comprehensive study of the effect of compounding on the flight dynamics of a helicopter has not been published. The strategy of the work is to take the three aircraft configurations, the two compound helicopter configurations and the conventional helicopter, and determine their flight mechanics characteristics. Subsequently, the compound helicopter results can be compared with the baseline configuration, thereby isolating the effects of compounding. The flight mechanics characteristics that are determined in this Thesis include: trim, performance, stability and manoeuvrability attributes of the three helicopter configurations. These attributes are assessed by calculating the control angles which result in a steady flight condition and by the use of numerical linearisation and inverse simulation algorithms. All of these flight mechanics characteristics were assessed with the results, in some aspects, reinforcing the potential of the compound helicopter as well as highlighting some possible difficulties that will have to be addressed in the design of a compound helicopter.


text:
Race, Health & Happiness
S03E03 - Paul Taylor discusses food security, Black parental advocacy, and the importance of being a role model
April 20, 2022 Dr. Onye Nnorom Season 3 Episode 3
Dr. Onye Nnorom
In this episode Dr. O speaks with anti-poverty activist Paul Taylor. He is the Executive Director of FoodShare Toronto, an organization that focuses on the connections between food, social justice and community engagement.
Paul opens up about his experience with poverty and how it was critical in his journey. He talks about his mother's love and resilience that inspired him to do purposeful work in challenging racial settings. Paul and Dr. O analyze institutional discrimination and inequalities in the key determinants of health, education, income, and housing. Paul also talks about how Black and white populations in Canada differ in their vulnerability to household food insecurity.
This episodes includes a lesson on the goals and benefits of racial caucusing, and how it creates spaces and inclusivity for people of color (PoC).
View our ShowNotes for more information - https://bit.ly/3OhweEe
Please support us on Patreon at http://www.Patreon.com/RaceHealthHappy
[The "Race, Health & Happiness" podcast is produced with the support of United Way Greater Toronto, and the help of "University X", the school formerly known as Ryerson]
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All content © 2023 Race, Health & Happiness.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Freakish Muslims came out of mosques with hammers and destroyed a social services building belonging to the Coptic Church while chanting Islamic slogans. Security forces conveniently arrived after the building was completely razed. The Christian social services building in the village of Fanous, Tamia district in Fayoum province, 130 kilometers south west of Cairo, had all the necessary government permits; it had a reception hall on the first floor and a kindergarten on the second.
Mosques in surrounding villages called on their microphones this afternoon on Muslims to go and help their Muslim brethrens in the village of Fanous to destroy a Christian building. Ten thousand freakish Muslims took part in demolishing the Christian property with their hammers, while shouting Allahu Akbar! No one was arrested, not even the freakish imams who called on Muslims to demolish the building, even though their calls fall under the crime of enticement to violence.
Franklin Roosevelt observed that wherever the Muslims have had a complete sway, wherever citizens have been unable to resist them by the sword, civility has ultimately disappeared. Roosevelt rejected as naive the notion that all religions are the same. Some religions give a higher value to each human life, and some religions and belief systems give a lower value. Our social values, including equality before the law, exist only because the Christians of Europe did what the Christians of Asia and Africa had failed to do – that is, to beat back the Moslem invader.
Some village Copts together with priests from Saint George's Church went to the police station to have a report with the incident issued, but no Muslim was arrested. A Christian says: Although we recognized the village youth who participated in the demolition work we could not name any of them, as we are a minority in the village and we do not want to have problems because we fear for the safety of our children. We go away to work in Cairo leaving our families behind in the village. I believe that as Copts, we are destined to be always persecuted.
Copts are staying indoors, afraid to get into any confrontation which might lead to other attacks on their homes and businesses. This incident will end like all other similar incidents, no one will be arrested and the building will never be rebuilt. Cry Cleopatra! Muslim freaks destroy Egypt. Islam brings incivility.
Islam appeared one century after Muhammad's death. The first century of the Arab conquest shows the conquerors holding not to Islam but to Hagarism. Hagarenes claimed descent from Abraham through his slave wife Hagar, similarly to the Jews who claimed descent from Abraham through Sarah. The Muhammad of Islamic tradition did not exist! It was only in the eighth century, when the rulers of a now-vast Arabian empire felt the need for a unifying political theology, that they cobbled together the Islamic religion. The key figure in this enterprise was the brutal governor of Iraq, Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. That's why Islam is such a profoundly political religion with uniquely prominent incivil qualities.
You are here: The FrontPageColumnistsBasil VenitisMuslims Destroy Christian Property!


Some of us on Earth are endowed with special powers that most other humans do not enjoy. Some are remarkably strong. Others can sing with the voice of an angel. The senior management team at Goldman can make their hair fall out at will and, if faced with particularly grave danger, can shape-shift into terrifying forms so as to make predators flee.
I, too, have been blessed with special powers, but they aren't everything you might expect. I can't fly – – although, since I have no commute, I don't really need to do so. I don't have X-ray vision, although given the aesthetic constitution of most of Palo Alto's population, I'd just as soon be without it.
+ Volume-Man: Do you have a pot of split-pea soup that you'd like stored in the fridge? Let me have one glance at its contents, and I can tell you precisely what storage container you need to use to hold that exact amount. I'm not kidding. I can look at any material (liquid or solid) in any peculiar container and instantly know what size storage jar, Pyrex, or Tupperware is called for. Once stored, the aforementioned substance is usually within a millimeter of the top of its new home. The kitchen is virtually the only room in the house where this superpower is useful.
+ Jiggling Eyeballs: I've mentioned this before, but newer Slopers may not be aware of this: I can jiggle my eyeballs at will. That is, I can make both eyeballs vibrate at a high rate of speed. I have, naturally, never observed this phenomenon, nor do I remember why it occurred to me as a child to give it a try and realize I was capable of this feat. In addition, I have found absolutely no application for this skill, except to really creep females out.
+ Captain Circadian: I need no clock. I can wake up in the middle of the night, and as a little game with myself, I'll guess what time it is……..I'm usually within a few minutes. I don't need an alarm clock, either; I'll wake up exactly when I've told myself to be awake. I guess the German part of me is really hung-up on time (and punctuality, for that matter), and this inner clock is personally handy, even though it hasn't saved any lives yet.
The one true superpower I've honed recently is my ability to analyze charts at a very high rate of speed. I can go through about 1,000 charts in 90 minutes or so, and a chunk of this time is simply waiting for each chart to load. This, I suppose, is the one ability I've been able to shape into some kind of livelihood. Otherwise…….if you need some vibrating eyeballs, drop me a line.


You should make an appointment with a colon cancer doctor immediately if you are experiencing symptoms of colon cancer or if a routine screening test indicates the presence of precancerous or cancerous polyps. When colon cancer is detected in its early stages, patients have more treatment options available to them, increasing their chances of achieving a favorable outcome and an improved quality of life.
Patients seeking a follow up appointment for their abnormal colon cancer screening test, or those looking for a colon cancer doctor to provide them with a second opinion regarding their treatment options, can turn to Moffitt Cancer Center. Moffitt is a high-volume cancer center, and as such, our Gastrointestinal Oncology Program comprises a number of medical experts who have unparalleled experience in treating even the rarest forms of colon cancer.
While seeking treatment from a colon cancer doctor at Moffitt Cancer Center, patients also have the opportunity to benefit from our robust clinical trials program. In recognition of our dedication to the advancement of colon cancer research and treatment, we have been named a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute, and we give patients the opportunity to benefit from new, leading-edge therapies as soon as they become available.
To discuss your treatment options with an experienced colon cancer doctor at Moffitt Cancer Center, call 1-888-663-3488 or submit a new patient registration form online. A referral is not required to schedule an appointment at Moffitt.


text:
Arkansas / Little Rock / Little Rock Eminent Domain
Little Rock Eminent Domain Lawyer, Arkansas, page 4
Not enough matches for Little Rock Eminent Domain lawyer.
Below are all Little Rock Real Estate lawyers.
31-40 of 96 matches. Page 4 of 10
James M. Saxton
Tax, Real Estate, State and Local, Corporate
400 W Capitol Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72201
Corporate, Litigation, Construction, Products Liability
5425 S Grandview Street, Little Rock, AR 72207
James Warren Hyden
Estate, Real Estate, Tax, Corporate
901 North University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72207
J. Andrew Vines
Insurance, Construction, Personal Injury, Products Liability
2011 Broadway St, Little Rock, AR 72206
Construction, Insurance, Litigation, Personal Injury
Heartsill Ragon
Real Estate, Wills & Probate, Felony, Elder Law, Business
425 West Capitol Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72201
Evan Stallings
Insurance, Civil Rights, Litigation, Real Estate
425 West Capital Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72201
R. Ken Mcculloch
Insurance, Workers' Compensation, Products Liability, Premises Liability
Cyril Hollingsworth
Insurance, Dispute Resolution, Construction, Litigation
425 West Capitol, Little Rock, AR 72201
Easily find Little Rock Eminent Domain Lawyers and Little Rock Eminent Domain Law Firms. For more attorneys, search all Real Estate areas including Timeshare, Construction, Foreclosure, Land Use & Zoning, Landlord-Tenant and Other Real Estate attorneys.
A way two or more people can own property together. Each can leave his or her interest upon death to beneficiaries of his choosing instead of to the other owner... (more...)
A way two or more people can own property together. Each can leave his or her interest upon death to beneficiaries of his choosing instead of to the other owners, as is required with joint tenancy. In some states, two people are presumed to own property as tenants in common unless they've agreed otherwise in writing.
A legal claim that one party failed to perform as required under a valid agreement with the other party. For example you might say, 'The roofer breached our con... (more...)
A legal claim that one party failed to perform as required under a valid agreement with the other party. For example you might say, 'The roofer breached our contract by using substandard supplies when he repaired my roof.'
MULTIPLE LISTING SERVICE (MLS)
A computer-based service that provides real estate professionals with detailed listings of most homes currently on the market. Much of the information can now b... (more...)
A computer-based service that provides real estate professionals with detailed listings of most homes currently on the market. Much of the information can now be obtained by the public through websites like www.realtor.com.
COVENANTS, CONDITIONS & RESTRICTIONS (CC&RS)
The restrictions governing the use of real estate, usually enforced by a homeowners' association and passed on to the new owners of property. For example, CC&Rs... (more...)
The restrictions governing the use of real estate, usually enforced by a homeowners' association and passed on to the new owners of property. For example, CC&Rs may tell you how big your house can be, how you must landscape your yard or whether you can have pets. If property is subject to CC&Rs, buyers must be notified before the sale takes place.
A business guest, or someone who enters property held open to members of the public, such as a visitor to a museum. Property owners must protect invitees from d... (more...)
A business guest, or someone who enters property held open to members of the public, such as a visitor to a museum. Property owners must protect invitees from dangers on the property. In an example of the perversion of legalese, social guests that you invite into your home are called 'licensees.'
(1) A legal principle that prevents a person from asserting or denying something in court that contradicts what has already been established as the truth. equit... (more...)
(1) A legal principle that prevents a person from asserting or denying something in court that contradicts what has already been established as the truth. equitable estoppelA type of estoppel that bars a person from adopting a position in court that contradicts his or her past statements or actions when that contradictory stance would be unfair to another person who relied on the original position. For example, if a landlord agrees to allow a tenant to pay the rent ten days late for six months, it would be unfair to allow the landlord to bring a court action in the fourth month to evict the tenant for being a week late with the rent. The landlord would be estopped from asserting his right to evict the tenant for late payment of rent. Also known as estoppel in pais.estoppel by deedA type of estoppel that prevents a person from denying the truth of anything that he or she stated in a deed, especially regarding who has valid ownership of the property. For example, someone who grants a deed to real estate before he actually owns the property can't later go back and undo the sale for that reason if, say, the new owner strikes oil in the backyard.estoppel by silenceA type of estoppel that prevents a person from asserting something when she had both the duty and the opportunity to speak up earlier, and her silence put another person at a disadvantage. For example, Edwards' Roofing Company has the wrong address and begins ripping the roof from Betty's house by mistake. If Betty sees this but remains silent, she cannot wait until the new roof is installed and then refuse to pay, asserting that the work was done without her agreement.estoppel in paisSee equitable estoppel.promissory estoppelA type of estoppel that prevents a person who made a promise from reneging when someone else has reasonably relied on the promise and will suffer a loss if the promise is broken. For example, Forrest tells Antonio to go ahead and buy a boat without a motor, because he will sell Antonio an old boat motor at a very reasonable price. If Antonio relies on Forrest's promise and buys the motorless boat, Forrest cannot then deny his promise to sell John the motor at the agreed-upon price.(2) A legal doctrine that prevents the relitigation of facts or issues that were previously resolved in court. For example, Alvin loses control of his car and accidentally sideswipes several parked cars. When the first car owner sues Alvin for damages, the court determines that Alvin was legally drunk at the time of the accident. Alvin will not be able to deny this fact in subsequent lawsuits against him. This type of estoppel is most commonly called collateral estoppel.
GROSS LEASE
A commercial real estate lease in which the tenant pays a fixed amount of rent per month or year, regardless of the landlord's operating costs, such as maintena... (more...)
A commercial real estate lease in which the tenant pays a fixed amount of rent per month or year, regardless of the landlord's operating costs, such as maintenance, taxes and insurance. A gross lease closely resembles the typical residential lease. The tenant may agree to a 'gross lease with stops,' meaning that the tenant will pitch in if the landlord's operating costs rise above a certain level. In real estate lingo, the point when the tenant starts to contribute is called the 'stop level,' because that's where the landlord's share of the costs stops.
LICENSE (OF INVENTION, COPYRIGHT OR TRADEMARK)
A contract giving written permission to use an invention, creative work or trademark. A license provides a way to make money from your invention or creative wor... (more...)
A contract giving written permission to use an invention, creative work or trademark. A license provides a way to make money from your invention or creative work without having to manufacture and sell copies yourself. By licensing an invention or work to a company, you get money (often in the form of royalties) in return for allowing the company to use, produce and sell copies of your invention or work in the marketplace.
MONTH-TO-MONTH TENANCY
A rental agreement that provides for a one-month tenancy that is automatically renewed each month unless either tenant or landlord gives the other the proper am... (more...)
A rental agreement that provides for a one-month tenancy that is automatically renewed each month unless either tenant or landlord gives the other the proper amount of written notice (usually 30 days) to terminate the agreement. Some landlords prefer to use month-to-month tenancies because it gives them the right to raise the rent after giving proper notice. This type of rental also provides a landlord with an easy way to get rid of troublesome tenants, because in most states month-to-month tenancies can be terminated for any reason.
-Timeshare
-Construction
-Construction Contracts
-Construction Liens
-Housing & Construction Defects
-Foreclosure
-Land Use & Zoning
-Landlord-Tenant
-Real Estate Other
-Commercial Leasing
-Commercial Real Estate
-Condominiums
-Conveyancing
-Housing & Urban Development
-Premises Liability
-Residential Real Estate
-Title Insurance


text:
namespace ray {
FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::Empty() {
  static ray::FunctionDescriptor empty =
      ray::FunctionDescriptor(new EmptyFunctionDescriptor());
  return empty;
}

FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::BuildJava(const std::string &class_name,
                                                        const std::string &function_name,
                                                        const std::string &signature) {
  rpc::FunctionDescriptor descriptor;
  auto typed_descriptor = descriptor.mutable_java_function_descriptor();
  typed_descriptor->set_class_name(class_name);
  typed_descriptor->set_function_name(function_name);
  typed_descriptor->set_signature(signature);
  return ray::FunctionDescriptor(new JavaFunctionDescriptor(std::move(descriptor)));
}

FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::BuildPython(
    const std::string &module_name,
    const std::string &class_name,
    const std::string &function_name,
    const std::string &function_hash) {
  rpc::FunctionDescriptor descriptor;
  auto typed_descriptor = descriptor.mutable_python_function_descriptor();
  typed_descriptor->set_module_name(module_name);
  typed_descriptor->set_class_name(class_name);
  typed_descriptor->set_function_name(function_name);
  typed_descriptor->set_function_hash(function_hash);
  return ray::FunctionDescriptor(new PythonFunctionDescriptor(std::move(descriptor)));
}

FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::BuildCpp(const std::string &function_name,
                                                       const std::string &caller,
                                                       const std::string &class_name) {
  rpc::FunctionDescriptor descriptor;
  auto typed_descriptor = descriptor.mutable_cpp_function_descriptor();
  typed_descriptor->set_function_name(function_name);
  typed_descriptor->set_caller(caller);
  typed_descriptor->set_class_name(class_name);
  return ray::FunctionDescriptor(new CppFunctionDescriptor(std::move(descriptor)));
}

FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::FromProto(rpc::FunctionDescriptor message) {
  switch (message.function_descriptor_case()) {
  case ray::FunctionDescriptorType::kJavaFunctionDescriptor:
    return ray::FunctionDescriptor(new ray::JavaFunctionDescriptor(std::move(message)));
  case ray::FunctionDescriptorType::kPythonFunctionDescriptor:
    return ray::FunctionDescriptor(new ray::PythonFunctionDescriptor(std::move(message)));
  case ray::FunctionDescriptorType::kCppFunctionDescriptor:
    return ray::FunctionDescriptor(new ray::CppFunctionDescriptor(std::move(message)));
  default:
    break;
  }
  // When TaskSpecification() constructed without function_descriptor set,
  // we should return a valid ray::FunctionDescriptor instance.
  return FunctionDescriptorBuilder::Empty();
}

FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::FromVector(
    rpc::Language language, const std::vector<std::string> &function_descriptor_list) {
  if (language == rpc::Language::JAVA) {
    RAY_CHECK(function_descriptor_list.size() == 3);
    return FunctionDescriptorBuilder::BuildJava(
        function_descriptor_list[0],  // class name
        function_descriptor_list[1],  // function name
        function_descriptor_list[2]   // signature
    );
  } else if (language == rpc::Language::PYTHON) {
    RAY_CHECK(function_descriptor_list.size() == 4);
    return FunctionDescriptorBuilder::BuildPython(
        function_descriptor_list[0],  // module name
        function_descriptor_list[1],  // class name
        function_descriptor_list[2],  // function name
        function_descriptor_list[3]   // function hash
    );
  } else if (language == rpc::Language::CPP) {
    RAY_CHECK(function_descriptor_list.size() == 3);
    return FunctionDescriptorBuilder::BuildCpp(
        function_descriptor_list[0],   // function name
        function_descriptor_list[1],   // caller
        function_descriptor_list[2]);  // class name
  } else {
    RAY_LOG(FATAL) << "Unspported language " << language;
    return FunctionDescriptorBuilder::Empty();
  }
}

FunctionDescriptor FunctionDescriptorBuilder::Deserialize(
    const std::string &serialized_binary) {
  rpc::FunctionDescriptor descriptor;
  descriptor.ParseFromString(serialized_binary);
  return FunctionDescriptorBuilder::FromProto(std::move(descriptor));
}
}  // namespace ray

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Scrivimi ancora (titolo originale Where Rainbows End  anche conosciuto come Love, Rosie o Rosie Dunne) è il secondo romanzo della scrittrice irlandese Cecelia Ahern, pubblicato nel 2004. L'intero romanzo è scritto in una struttura epistolare sotto forma di lettere, e-mail, messaggi istantanei e articoli di giornale. Il libro ha raggiunto la posizione numero uno in Irlanda e Regno Unito ed è stato un best seller a livello internazionale. Il libro ha vinto il German Corine Award nel 2005. Nel 2014, il romanzo è stato adattato in un film intitolato Scrivimi ancora.

Sinossi
Scrivimi ancora è una storia raccontata attraverso lettere, e-mail e messaggistica istantanea, sul rapporto in continua evoluzione tra i due personaggi principali Rosie Dunne e Alex Stewart. Rosie e Alex sono amici intimi fin dall'infanzia, ma un giorno vengono improvvisamente separati quando Alex e la sua famiglia si trasferiscono da Dublino a Boston. Il libro ci guida attraverso la loro relazione mentre continua a cambiare a causa della distanza, delle nuove relazioni e delle circostanze che sembrano determinate a tenerli separati. Due domande saranno una costante per tutto il libro, lei e Alex dovrebbero essere più che amici o no? ; e, rischieranno tutto, inclusa la loro amicizia, per amore?

Personaggi

 Rosie Dunne: Una dei personaggi principali, ella vive a Dublino con la figlia Katie e ha sempre sognato di lavorare in un hotel. Il libro segue la sua relazione con il suo migliore amico Alex, poiché la distanza e le circostanze mettono sempre alla prova la loro amicizia. Rosie inizia a chiedersi se lei ed Alex, siano stati sempre destinati ad essere più che amici, e questi sentimenti iniziano presto ad avere effetto sulla loro amicizia.
 Alex Stewart: L'altro personaggio principale del libro, originario di Dublino dove è cresciuto con Rosie, la sua famiglia si trasferisce a Boston dove Alex alla fine diventa chirurgo. Alex si sposa e ha un figlio di nome Josh, ma
 Phil Stewart: One of the minor characters of the book and is Alex's brother. The two often communicate via email and Phil is always giving Alex advice about love and his friendship with Rosie.
 Sally Gruber: Sally meets Alex in Boston and the pair fall in love and get married and have a son together called Josh. Soon their relationship begins having problems, could Alex's feelings for Rosie be the cause of this?
 Greg Collins: A minor character in the book who marries Rosie. It soon becomes apparent that Greg is not right for Rosie and he is unfaithful to her.
 Katie Dunne: Katie has a best friend in the book called Toby and their relationship mirrors the relationship that Alex and Rosie had as children. As she gets older her relationship with Toby changes and it teaches Rosie about her real feelings for Alex.
 Toby Quinn: Katie's best friend and their relationship is very similar to the relationship Alex and Rosie had as children. Toby and Katie lose touch and meet after several years where they realize they were always meant to be more than friends.
 Brian: Katie's father who comes back into her life midway through the book. He went to school with Rosie and Alex.
 Ruby: Ruby is best friends with Rosie after they meet working in an office for a stationery company. Ruby is always on hand to offer Rosie advice when she is unsure of her feelings in life and love.
 Mrs. Julie Casey: Also known as "Mrs. Big Nose Smelly Breath Casey" by Rosie and Alex. Towards the middle of the story Rosie, after quitting her job, goes to work at her old primary school as a receptionist and the two become friends.
 Bethany Williams: Alex's second wife. She was his first girlfriend in high school, but were reunited years later. They have a son named Theo. Rosie never liked her.
 Stephanie: Rosie's older sister.
 Kevin: Rosie's younger brother.

Adattamento cinematografico

Il film di Scrivimi ancora (Love, Rosie) che vede come protagonisti Lily Collins, nella parte di Rosie, e Sam Claflin, in quella di Alex, è stato distribuito nelle sale italiane il 30 ottobre 2014.

Collegamenti esterni
Sito ufficiale di Cecelia Ahern
 di Cecelia Ahern

Romanzi di Cecelia Ahern
Romanzi sentimentali
Romanzi del 2005
Romanzi ambientati a Dublino

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The siren songs of the next election season are already tickling your ears. One thing I notice a lot of people advocating is a "return to the Constitution" which they believe would bring back "limited government".
I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but it didn't work before, so how do you plan to make it work next time?
If the majority of people in the past weren't willing to force the State to operate strictly by the Constitution, what makes you believe "enough" people now or in the future will be willing- or able? Even Thomas Jefferson failed when given the choice to uphold the Constitution or go through with the Louisiana Purchase.
The attempt to "limit" government has failed every time it has been tried. It's like trying to decide how much cancer to leave in the patient, and telling the tumor to limit itself while hoping it will get no larger.
As has been observed throughout history, those who gain political power will do anything to hold on to it, and get more. They change the rules they can change; ignore the rules they can't. Since the only people given authority to stop or punish the miscreants belong to the same gang- the government- and have the same addiction, nothing substantive happens even when they get caught.
By promising to share the spoils with voters, they'll keep getting elected by people who don't want to take away their political power, or stop the over-reach, because they know it would end the goodies.
Both "liberals" and "conservatives" lure voters with treats, but of somewhat different flavors.
"Liberals", as a general rule, use things like free food, cell phones, free medical care, and disability entitlements to inspire voter loyalty, while "conservatives" use military jobs, protection from foreigners, farm subsidies, and "law and order" to bribe their constituents. Both sides encourage fears of the other side, and both promise to keep the Social Security pyramid scheme propped up at all costs. In recent years there has been other "bipartisanship" working against you, too.
None of those things are constitutional, but no politician is willing to face the wrath of those who have become dependent on the State, or those who are scared to let the free market find solutions. Once anything is socialized, people assume only the State can handle it.
"Limited government" is a Utopian dream; completely divorced from reality.
Am I claiming a strictly constitutional government wouldn't be better than the runaway monstrosity America is suffocating under now? Of course not. But keeping it would require changing human nature, and it would still be only the beginning of any real, lasting, solution.


GSPO announces the Winter donor matching campaign. Throughout the month of February, every dollar you donate up to $11,000 will be matched. Now is a great time to double the impact of your donation.
For an orchestra like GSPO, we are celebrating current musical masterpieces from your favorite films, video games and more. We are not only providing entertainment but were are supporting artists, musicians, and composers that are shaping our era of music. GSPO reminds artists and musicians that simply loving music isn't enough to thrive in today's society. You need to give support as much as you receive it.
A typical performance for the Golden State Pops Orchestra exceeds $50,000 in expenses. Ticket sales average $18,000 per concert, which is only 36% of the budget. Once you start adding up the expenses like musician pay, rights to music, production and rehearsal costs etc, you are in a deep valley of debt. That is why we rely on support from donors to make up the gap. It takes a village to be successful and we are happy to expand the GSPO family by having people donate and become a member of the Golden Circle.
Donate today and be a part of connecting communities through wonderful music.


XYH-OK600 brushless motor is high-performance, low noise, large moment of force and special appearance, which is high-efficiency motor preferred by many helicopter lovers and whose load temperature keeps under 55?? all along, and can be applied for T-REX.450X/XL/SE.SONICPRO.STM400.200MPRO3D. black eagle. Little dragonfly 36#/37#/60#,3DPRO and other 450 level or 400 level electric helicopter.


text:
Javiera y Los Imposibles – "Eyes Without a Face"
A cover by a Chilean band of one's of Billy Idol's more intimate, evocative songs (which takes its name from a French horror film).
International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2013: Train
Last year, we looked at the Nazi-era board game Juden Raus, so it seemed appropriate this year to look at Brenda Brathwaite's unconventional game, Train.
The Wall Street Journal gives a very good introduction with its 2009 video and interview, "The Board Game No One Wants to Play More Than Once":
The entire interview is short and worth reading in its entirety, but here are some key sections:
Not all players have the same experiences. I understand that someone who played the game compared it to "Halo"?
Yes, that has happened only once, and it was incredibly surprising to me, to the other players and to the people watching. It is not a common experience. The woman later told me she felt guilty about it, though. I think her callousness was an incredible learning opportunity for all of us. Some people approach the game and see it for what it is immediately, and their reaction is no less visceral than those who play the game. There are those who play all the way until the end and then realize where the trains were going – and it is such a steep drop. People become nauseated. Their faces flush. People have cried. There is always a one-hour period of discussion after (or two hours at MIT).
With that singular "Halo" exception, no one has ever wanted to play again. There is then the second experience, one of watching the game being played. I have watched it dozens of times now, and it still nauseates me when people put the passengers in the cars. I am fascinated when one player figures it out – puts it together – and suddenly stops his or her progression toward the end and instead works diligently to thwart everyone else. This player will often immediately request the rules wondering how he or she can subvert the system to save everyone. The dynamics of the experience are fascinating, moving and emotional for everyone, me included.
Why do you think games are a good medium for approaching difficult periods of history such as the Holocaust? I'd imagine some could argue that making a game trivializes the subject matter.
They could and have argued that, but it doesn't. It makes it extremely powerful, and I haven't shown the subject any disrespect. I've created an experience through interactivity, much like museums have created an experience through the use of image and sound and space. I think games are a good medium for approaching any subject, particularly difficult ones, because by their very nature, they are abstract, invite interaction and allow us to confront and question things… particularly rules that we may blindly follow.
A game is all I know. I don't work in another medium. I saw the power that it had when I used a game to teach my daughter about the Middle Passage. So I don't see it as something that trivializes. Rather, I see it as the medium finally reaching a new potential.
Do you think the public has a narrow definition for the term "game"? I'd assume most people associate the term with having fun.
We've learned that game = fun. So, yes, we have a narrow definition for it, but I believe that definition is expanding. As an artist working in this medium, I want it to expand. Imagine if someone said all books or movies or paintings had to be fun? A game is an interactive experience which has goals, a clear end and a set of rules. I think anyone who considers the systems that are presented in my series will see the full potential of games to explore the human experience. If you consider something like Risk seriously, how fun is that? It's only fun because we're able to abstract the domination and destruction. In Train, that's nearly impossible.
As a note, I never once refer to Train as a game in the rules, and I also never refer to the participants as players.
This TED video doesn't have much on Train itself, but explains a great deal about its genesis and Brathwaite's mindset:
She also discusses Train starting about 27 minutes into this hour-long talk at the Game Designers Conference, including her conversations with a rabbi, and the positive and negative reactions to Train. (The whole talk relates to the game, though, and is worth watching.) As she mentions, Train is intentionally designed to allow "rules-lawyering," so that the players have choices, and can also become complicit.
The Board Game Geek entry has a little more, Sande Chen shares her interesting reflections on the game, and Ben Crair at The Daily Beast also wrote on it. Brathwaite has presented her work at the Games for Change Festival, among other venues.
It's very important that the board game component is always followed by a discussion (usually up to an hour, although the MIT session was two hours). The discussion is an essential part of the experience. "Playing the game" can stir up some uncomfortable feelings (some participants cry), and it would be irresponsible not to allow the participants a chance to process and reflect on it all. (In several ways, Train reminds me of the Milgram experiments.)
I've read a few criticisms of the game, for instance that it doesn't capture the mindset of Germans sending Jews and other Holocaust victims (political opponents, homosexuals, gypsies/Roma, etc.) to the death camps, in that key Germans weren't unaware of what was going on. That's true, but I'd also suggest that that reaction misreads the intent of the game. I haven't "played" Train, and if I did, couldn't do so from a point of innocence. Still, I can imagine one's natural competitive instincts turning to horror. Given the iconography of the game, I suspect I'd guess the references; Brathwaite has recounted that some people get it at first glance, and furthermore, that even an explicit refusal to "play" on that basis actually does constitute "playing" the game. The object of certain artists is to jar the audience out of their everyday thinking (Beckett and Brecht come to mind). Train is aiming to do just that, and has apparently been fairly successful at it.
Consider the genesis of the game, and Brathwaite's story about her young daughter talking about the Middle Passage without really understanding it. The point of it all isn't about capturing the German mindset; it's about jarring the participants out of theirs, to shock them out of blithely recounting events without really thinking or feeling about them. If during the debriefing, a group of participants and observers choose to discuss (among other things), the mindset of Germans, they're perfectly free to do so. The explicit rules of Train and its game mechanics are intentionally simple, but how the participants actually play the game, and what they choose to discuss afterward, both allow for a great deal of freedom (again, intentionally).
The Middle Passage game improvised by Brathwaite made her daughter personalize the playing pieces and families; similarly, the excellent Holocaust museum in D.C. asks each visitor to the permanent exhibit to take a card that contains a name, photo, and biography of a real person who lived during the Holocaust. Visitors carry the card throughout the exhibit, and can research more about their person afterward. Meanwhile, Art Spiegelman's Maus uses both a distancing effect and meta-narrative techniques in recounting the tale of his father, a Holocaust survivor. At one point, Spiegelman prints a photo of his father in his concentration camp uniform, and it's intentionally and effectively jarring to see this photo of a real human being who has been heretofore presented to us as a cartoon mouse. It makes us think, it makes us reconsider all we've read with a greater weight. It's probably pointless to try to "rank" Train against other Holocaust art and pedagogical materials, but it seems to be in very good company in being thought-provoking in an beneficial way.
(Thanks to reader Ursus for the initial tip.)
The Low Anthem – "Charlie Darwin"
This year, I wanted to pass on two thematically-appropriate pieces on the Civil War era.
The first is an intriguing story from Avis Thomas-Lester in The Washington Post, "Civil War Hero Robert Smalls Seized the Opportunity to Be Free":
He sat at the conference table next to Frederick Douglass as they tried to convince President Abraham Lincoln that African Americans should be allowed to fight for their own freedom. He served five terms in Congress. He ran a newspaper and helped found a state Republican Party.
But first, he had to win his freedom.
To do that, he conceived a plan that struck a blow against the Confederacy so significant that he was heralded across the nation. Carrying out his mission required bravery, intelligence and precision timing — attributes that many whites at that time thought blacks didn't possess.
Robert Smalls proved them wrong and changed history in the doing.
Follow the link to read the rest.
Meanwhile, American Experience on PBS is showing a three part series on the Abolitionists. The first two parts can be viewed online, while the third will air this upcoming week. (Seeing Lincoln made me long for a good Frederick Douglass biopic, and PBS delivers a taste of that.)
For the words of Martin Luther King, Jr. himself, check out the MLK archive or a number of other blogs today.
Labels: Holiday, MLK
Trolling America
Earlier this week, Rachel Maddow presented a fantastic segment analyzing the bulk of conservative discourse as trolling:
A key portion transcribed:
Trolling is a key part of the conservative entertainment slash media business model. These guys say stuff all the time that they do not intend to be persuasive. They're not trying to explain something, or bring people along to their way of thinking – they're just doing something to attract attention, and hopefully condemnation and outrage from the mainstream, and particularly from liberals. They want to offend you. They seek to offend you. That is the point.
They want the attention, and they really want the condemnation. Because, hey, attention's attention, and clicks are clicks on the website, right? Bad publicity is still publicity. But more importantly, the key part of their base audience that they are trying to monetize, likes anyone who gets condemned by the mainstream. It's a badge of honor. So it makes people sign up for the Daily Mega-Ditto-Buy Gold Newsletter! or whatever. And pay their, 9.95 for "I used to be on TV, but now I'm on the Internet," right, "Sign up now for exclusive content that you won't find in the lamestream media that hates me!" It's a shtick, right, it is a shtick that pays… and it pays big dollars to big name conservatives, and it pays small dollars to others…
Trolling definitely fits in that "pissing off liberals" is a key motivator for conservatives, and certainly is a key method for conservative fundraising. It also fits in that the bulk of conservative statements are not really aimed at advancing the discourse or solving problems; they are point-scoring, or aimed to derail productive conversation. It's the natural outgrowth of an ideology that is hostile to the very notion of government, and thus the ethic of responsible governance. Conservatism has always been reactionary in nature, but in its contemporary, dominant form, it is petulant and selfish, and at its worst, nihilistic. (See "The Four Types of Conservatives for more.)
While some conservatives are utterly sincere when they spout crazy shit, for others such as Ann Coulter , it's all part of the grift. Rick Perlstein breaks down the dynamics in his excellent piece, "The Long Con: Mail-order conservatism." Or consider this pop-up ad for right-wing magazine The American Spectator; it features Mark Levin, one of the angry cons in Rachel Maddow's segment above:
Give us money, because it will piss off liberals. Conservative leaders can't offer their marks better policies, better lives or a better America, but they can offer spite, and that's been a successful and lucrative approach for conservative leaders since at least Nixon and the Southern Strategy.
Sometimes, the grifters grow to believe their own bullshit (they start using their own product). In the Maddow segment, Mark Levin angrily sputters, "Since when the hell do we Americans believe in separation of church and state?" Levin sells himself as a conservative intellectual, and likes to tout a nickname, "The Great One," bestowed on him by his buddy Sean Hannity. For Levin to actually believe what he's saying, he'd have to be as ignorant as Rick Santorum about the founding of the United States. Obviously Levin knows what he's saying will sell to his audience, but does he actually believe it? Either he believes it, or he knows it's ridiculous… or he has come to believe it over time. In 2005, Dahlia Lithwick wrote a now-classic, scathing review of Levin's book on the Supreme Court:
I use the word "book" with some hesitation: Certainly it possesses chapters and words and other book-like accoutrements. But Men in Black is 208 large-print pages of mostly block quotes (from court decisions or other legal thinkers) padded with a foreword by the eminent legal scholar Rush Limbaugh, and a blurry 10-page "Appendix" of internal memos to and from congressional Democrats—stolen during Memogate. The reason it may take you only slightly longer to read Men in Black than it took Levin to write it is that you'll experience an overwhelming urge to shower between chapters.
In 2010, the debate about "epistemic closure" among conservatives heated up when conservative Jim Manzi at National Review eviscerated the account of global warming in Levin's book Liberty and Tyranny, writing:
It was awful. It was so bad that it was like the proverbial clock that chimes 13 times – not only is it obviously wrong, but it is so wrong that it leads you to question every other piece of information it has ever provided.
Manzi went on to provided detailed examples of Levin's shoddy arguments. Levin reacted furiously, as did many other conservatives, arguing the Levin's work was solid and serious and how dare Manzi, etc. The most entertaining defense came from conservative Ross Douthat, who wrote that "the only way to defend a book like "Liberty and Tyranny" against Manzi's critique is to argue that Levin should be judged primarily as an entertainer, rather than as a rigorous political thinker." In other words, the best defense that Douthat could muster was to say that Levin knew he was completely full of shit. Levin was trolling. (At a certain point, Levin and other conservatives might not know the difference.)
This brings up back to the old question of stupid, evil or crazy. At a certain level, it doesn't matter. Bad policies still need to be defeated. Regardless of what terms one uses, unfortunately modern conservatism and the Republican Party have very little of value to offer America.
The question remains as to what requires a response and what that response should be. Maddow's definition is that trolling is speech designed to provoke outrage rather than to persuade, and in the context of right-wing media, that trolling is speech designed to raise money. Maddow is right that, in some cases, it's wise not to rise – or rather, stoop – to the bait. Specifically, she's correct that getting angry in the way the troll intended, and ceding control of the conversation to the troll, is rarely if ever effective. That said, there are cases where the trolling is so prominent that ignoring it doesn't work, and it has to be addressed. Alternatively, if "punching down" is an essential part of Maddow's definition of responding to a troll, surely there are harmful arguments from conservatives that require "punching up." Extreme conservative discourse can push the Overton window over time in a bad direction if there's no pushback whatsoever. And conservatives can overreach in their desire to provoke outrage, or by expressing their true craziness, and thus generate backlash – see Rush Limbaugh on Sandra Fluke, or the NRA on Obama's daughters, or Alex Jones on guns. There's also the utterly sincere and ignorant Republican rape caucus, which helped the Republican Party lose several elections in 2012.
Representative Allen West, featured in Maddow's segment, offers another great test case. West definitely trolled for money during his election, and has trolled for money since. His outrageous, baseless remarks about communists in the Democratic Party were strongly criticized by many, including Bill Moyers in a video essay, "The Ghost of McCarthyism." Should West's comments have been ignored? I would argue that, in his case, since he was an actual congressman versus just another shouting head, he could do actual harm if left unchallenged. Rush Limbaugh is more powerful as a commenter than he could be as an elected official, but at West's level, congressman was a step up in power. West was indeed able to fundraise off of 'liberal outrage' over his comments, but his remarks were also so extreme that shining a light on them turned off some mainstream voters and helped him lose the election. (If someone has more detailed analysis of the West race, feel free to pass it on.) The best response often may be situational. Maddow's correct that responding knee-jerk to a stunt, and getting into a shouting match with a troll, gets one nowhere and only helps the troll. But some extremist conservative statements do require serious discussion, or exposure, or ridicule. Perhaps more importantly, some statements require action, in terms of opposing bad legislation and bad candidates. (Bill O'Reilly can rage about the decline of the white establishment all he likes, as long as his movement is losing elections.)
This brings us to a major problem with America's national political discourse. Liberals don't get to choose what statements are taken seriously by the mainstream media. It's fine to try to ignore fringe trolling, but the corporate media consistently validates crazy conservative ideas as legitimate. If and when a crazy, right-wing idea gains this sort of power – for instance, that it's perfectly respectable to choose not raise the debt ceiling and destroy America's credit rating, or to pledge to an unelected figure never to raise taxes ever, even in the fact of Armageddon – the option of "ignoring" no long exists. The same goes for the inane, almost inevitably wrong Beltway conventional wisdom issued by Very Serious People, for instance on the national debt. There's more than one way to troll. To quote a post from last year:
Basically, saying "both sides do it" is a form of trolling. In almost every case, when a Very Serious Person says "both sides do it," "both sides are to blame" or any of its variants, it is to shut down discussion, not to bring it to a deeper, more nuanced level.
Right-wing trolling intended to outrage is indeed a problem, but so is faux centrist concern trolling – and the latter sometimes excuses the former.
Labels: Conservatism, Hackery, Media Reform


text:
Il termine firmamento è utilizzato nella Bibbia per indicare il cielo considerato come una cupola solida, alla quale erano rigidamente collegate le stelle; una concezione condivisa da tutti i popoli antichi di tutti i continenti. In questa accezione, il concetto di firmamento consente di descrivere in modo semplice l'esperienza elementare della rotazione rigida del cielo stellato notturno, in cui ogni stella percorre un arco di cerchio e la distanza fra loro non viene modificata.

Risultò, invece, molto più difficile ai popoli antichi definire il possibile rapporto fra la natura del firmamento e il formarsi di precipitazioni atmosferiche.

La parola deriva dal latino firmamentum, che significa appunto "appoggio", "sostegno" e a sua volta deriva dal latino firmus, che significa "solido", "stabile".

Nell'età moderna, con la scomparsa della concezione cosmografica dell'antichità, il termine cominciò ad essere utilizzato come sinonimo della volta del cielo.

Il materiale costitutivo del firmamento
Nonostante la somiglianza delle concezioni cosmografiche dei popoli antichi, non vi era accordo fra loro sul materiale di cui era fatto il firmamento. Secondo la cosmografia mesopotamica del periodo neo-assiro (prima metà del primo millennio) esso era fatto di calcedonio, un quarzo traslucido di colore simile al cielo autunnale: grigio, più o meno scuro con sfumature azzurrine. Le stelle, poi, erano semplicemente incise sul firmamento.

Anche presso i Greci c'era chi pensava, come ad esempio Anassimene, che il firmamento fosse fatto di cristallo oppure di un elemento purissimo e incorruttibile, che Platone e Aristotele chiameranno «etere»; questa divenne l'opinione prevalente in occidente prima di Copernico.

In parallelo e in antecedenza altri popoli pensavano che il firmamento fosse una sottile lamina metallica d'oro o più probabilmente di stagno o di ferro (dato il colore grigio del cielo). Verosimilmente proprio questo è il motivo per cui il termine "metallo del cielo" indicava presso i Sumeri lo stagno e presso gli Egiziani il ferro.

Il termine ebraico con cui il firmamento era indicato ("raqia", talvolta tradotto con "espanso") poteva esprimere il fatto che le lamine erano ottenute per battitura oppure tramite la colatura di un vetro o di un metallo fuso.

Il contatto fra terra e firmamento nelle cosmografie primitive

Nella cosmografia delle prime civiltà del mondo antico la Terra era piatta e il firmamento la copriva come una cupola. Il contatto fra terra e cielo era descritto in modi diversi. Poteva trattarsi soltanto di quattro montagne (nell'antico Egitto erano le mani e i piedi della dea Nut, il cui corpo incurvato costituiva il firmamento; oppure erano quattro dei ausiliari).

In altre tradizioni (ad esempio nello zoroastrismo) prevaleva l'idea di una catena ininterrotta. Le valli fra due montagne successive della catena fornivano aperture per il passaggio del sole e dei pianeti. In alcune tradizioni vi erano 365 aperture di questo tipo, una per ogni giorno dell'anno.

La posizione del firmamento nell'astronomia antica

Con lo sviluppo dell'astronomia e soprattutto con la scoperta che la Terra ha forma sferica il firmamento divenne una sfera. La posizione relativa dei sette astri mobili (sole, luna e cinque pianeti) e del firmamento con le stelle fisse era tutt'altro che chiara. Per Anassimandro, che riecheggiava ancora teorie del Vicino Oriente antico, erano più vicine le stelle; una concezione probabilmente determinata dalla loro minore luminosità. Il suo discepolo Anassimene, invece, le pose più lontane. Con l'introduzione del concetto dell'esistenza di sfere celesti, il firmamento diventò universalmente l'ottava sfera, detta anche primo mobile secondo la concezione aristotelica.

In quanto motore immobile, la divinità, come riferisce ad esempio Cicerone, poteva essa stessa essere pensata come una nona sfera che circondava tutte le altre:

Claudio Tolomeo, tuttavia, in seguito distinguerà il firmamento delle stelle fisse dal primo mobile, facendo di quest'ultimo la nona sfera. Ciò consentiva di spiegare la discrepanza di 4 minuti fra giorno solare e giorno siderale.

Oltre il firmamento

L'esistenza di un confine, un bordo che delimitasse tutto l'universo, venne rifiutata da alcuni pensatori antichi. In particolare il filosofo pitagorico Archita di Taranto scriveva nel IV secolo a.C.:

L'obiezione di Archita all'esistenza di un confine dell'universo, ripresa successivamente anche da Lucrezio, si colloca nell'ambito della convinzione pitagorica che il vuoto esista e viene a cadere nella filosofia aristotelica. Nelle Categorie e nella Fisica, infatti, Aristotele rigettò il concetto di spazio vuoto e illimitato per sviluppare una teoria del "luogo" (topos), inteso come un semplice "accidente" associato ai corpi materiali.

Una rappresentazione satirica dell'obiezione di Archita, nel quadro di una cosmologia primitiva, fu pubblicata anonima (ma verosimilmente anche realizzata) da Camille Flammarion in una famosa incisione che attribuiva agli studiosi medievali opinioni ridicole sul firmamento.

Il firmamento nella Bibbia

Il vocabolo firmamentum venne utilizzato per la prima volta in senso astronomico nel IV secolo dalla Vulgata per tradurre il termine greco stereoma, utilizzato dalla Septuaginta nel libro della Genesi . La natura e struttura del firmamento secondo gli antichi israeliti devono essere tentativamente dedotte dai pochi e ambigui accenni presenti in testi biblici di natura poetica.
Gli esegeti e i traduttori, quindi, le hanno spesso interpretate secondo le proprie concezioni. Nel mondo ebraico i talmudisti rimasero per secoli legati al concetto di una terra piatta, mentre Mosè Maimonide, il più famoso filosofo ed esegeta biblico ebreo del medioevo, seguiva le idee aristotelico/tolemaiche.

Il libro della Genesi assegna due funzioni al firmamento. Anzitutto il firmamento servirebbe come separazione delle acque superiori (da cui provengono le precipitazioni atmosferiche) da quelle inferiori (), cosa che perlopiù indusse i commentatori e i traduttori a concepire il firmamento come una volta solida sottile.
Alcune aperture nel firmamento verrebbero utilizzate da Dio per far scendere le precipitazioni atmosferiche, come la pioggia e la grandine (per esempio in Genesi ). Se questa affermazione di chiaro significato teologico (= tutto dipende da Dio, anche la pioggia), viene interpretata come una descrizione cosmografica, essa risulta in contraddizione con la concezione cosmologica presente in numerosi altri testi biblici, che affermano esplicitamente che la pioggia scende dalle nuvole.
Nel libro di Giobbe, per esempio, il ciclo dell'acqua è descritto perfettamente e le precipitazioni piovono dalle nubi (Gb ).

Nonostante questa palese contraddizione fra l'interpretazione letterale della Genesi e il libro di Giobbe la tradizione ebraica (ma non gli esegeti moderni) attribuisce a Mosè la paternità di entrambi i testi , sebbene la stesura di quello di Giobbe sia oggi ritenuta uno degli ultimi libri della Bibbia.

Secondo la Genesi, inoltre, Dio colloca nel firmamento le stelle e i pianeti () e perciò, se esso fosse veramente da intendersi come una volta sottile, occorre supporre che le stelle si trovino al di sopra del firmamento (che, quindi, deve essere costituito da un materiale trasparente, per esempio cristallo o ghiaccio) oppure appese sotto di esso come lampade, tutte equamente distanti dalla Terra, e la loro luminosità dipenderebbe unicamente dalle relative dimensioni.

Note

Voci correlate
 Primo mobile
 Sfera celeste
 Stelle fisse

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Cosmologia
Teologia cristiana
Storia dell'astronomia


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text:
Arjan Zaimi (ur. 3 sierpnia 1957 w Tiranie) – albański generał, przedstawiciel Albanii przy NATO, kandydat na prezydenta.

W latach 1972-1976 uczęszczał do szkoły średniej w Peshkopi. W roku 1980 ukończył szkołę wojskową w Tiranie (wydział artylerii polowej). W 1997 przeszedł specjalny kurs wojskowy w Centrum George'a Marshalla. Pracował jako wykładowca w Akademii Obrony (alb. Akademia e Mbrojtjes). W latach 2000-2001 zajmował stanowisko zastępcy szefa sztabu wojskowego. W 2004 został mianowany albańskim ambasadorem przy NATO w Brukseli.

8 lipca 2007 jego kandydatura została wysunięta jako kompromisowa w wyborach prezydenta kraju. Została zaakceptowana zarówno przez rządzącą Partię Demokratyczną jak i opozycyjną Partię Socjalistyczną, ale ostatecznie przegrał w rywalizacji z Bamirem Topim.

Bibliografia
 Kujtim Halili, Fjalor biografik ushtarak, Tirana 2006, .

Linki zewnętrzne
 , International Herald Tribune, 8 lipca 2007.

Albańscy generałowie
Albańscy politycy
Ludzie urodzeni w Tiranie
Absolwenci uczelni wojskowych
Urodzeni w 1957


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text:
The @synchronized decorator as context manager
==============================================

This is the eight post in my series of blog posts about Python decorators
and how I believe they are generally poorly implemented. It follows on from
the previous post titled [The missing @synchronized
decorator](07-the-missing-synchronized-decorator.md), with the very first
post in the series being [How you implemented your Python decorator is
wrong](01-how-you-implemented-your-python-decorator-is-wrong.md).

In the previous post I described how we could use our new universal
decorator pattern to implement a better @synchronized decorator for Python.
The intent in doing this was to come up with a better approximation of the
equivalent synchronization mechanisms in Java.

Of the two synchronization mechanisms provided by Java, synchronized
methods and synchronized statements, we have however so far only
implemented an equivalent to synchronized methods.

In this post I will describe how we can take our `@synchronized` decorator
and extend it to also be used as a context manager, thus providing an an
equivalent of synchronized statements in Java.

The original @synchronized decorator
------------------------------------

The implementation of our `@synchronized` decorator so far is:

```python
@decorator
def synchronized(wrapped, instance, args, kwargs):
    if instance is None:
        owner = wrapped
    else:
        owner = instance

    lock = vars(owner).get('_synchronized_lock', None)

    if lock is None:
        meta_lock = vars(synchronized).setdefault(
                '_synchronized_meta_lock', threading.Lock())

        with meta_lock:
            lock = vars(owner).get('_synchronized_lock', None)
            if lock is None:
                lock = threading.RLock()
                setattr(owner, '_synchronized_lock', lock)

    with lock:
        return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
```

By determining whether the decorator is being used to wrap a normal
function, a method bound to a class instance or a class, and with the
decorator changing behaviour as a result, we are able to use the one
decorator implementation in a number of scenarios.

```python
@synchronized # lock bound to function1
def function1():
    pass

@synchronized # lock bound to function2
def function2():
    pass

@synchronized # lock bound to Class
class Class(object):

    @synchronized # lock bound to instance of Class
    def function_im(self):
        pass

    @synchronized # lock bound to Class
    @classmethod
    def function_cm(cls):
        pass

    @synchronized # lock bound to function_sm
    @staticmethod
    def function_sm():
        pass
```

What we now want to do is modify the decorator to also allow:

```python
class Object(object):

    @synchronized
    def function_im_1(self):
        pass

    def function_im_2(self):
        with synchronized(self):
            pass
```

That is, as well as being able to be used as a decorator, we enable it to
be used as a context manager in conjunction with the `with` statement. By
doing this it then provides the ability to only acquire the corresponding
lock for a selected number of statements within a function rather than the
whole function.

For the case of acquiring the same lock used by instance methods, we would
pass the `self` argument or instance object into `synchronized` when
used as a context manager. It could instead also be passed the class type
if needing to synchronize with class methods.

The function wrapper as context manager
---------------------------------------

Right now with how the decorator is implemented, when we use
`synchronized` as a function call, it will return an instance of our
function wrapper class.

```pycon
>>> synchronized(None)
<__main__.function_wrapper object at 0x107b7ea10>
```

This function wrapper does not implement the `__enter__()` and
`__exit__()` functions that are required for an object to be used as a
context manager. Since the function wrapper type is our own class, all we
need to do though is create a derived version of the class and use that
instead. Because though the creation of that function wrapper is bound up
within the definition of `@decorator`, we need to bypass `@decorator`
and use the function wrapper directly.

The first step therefore is to rewrite our `@synchronized` decorator so
it doesn't use `@decorator`.

```python
def synchronized(wrapped):
    def _synchronized_lock(owner):
        lock = vars(owner).get('_synchronized_lock', None)

        if lock is None:
            meta_lock = vars(synchronized).setdefault(
                    '_synchronized_meta_lock', threading.Lock())

            with meta_lock:
                lock = vars(owner).get('_synchronized_lock', None)
                if lock is None:
                    lock = threading.RLock()
                    setattr(owner, '_synchronized_lock', lock)

        return lock

    def _synchronized_wrapper(wrapped, instance, args, kwargs):
        with _synchronized_lock(instance or wrapped):
            return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)

    return function_wrapper(wrapped, _synchronized_wrapper)
```

This works the same as our original implementation but we now have access
to the point where the function wrapper was created. With that being the
case, we can now create a class which derives from the function wrapper and
adds the required methods to satisfy the context manager protocol.

```python
def synchronized(wrapped):
    def _synchronized_lock(owner):
        lock = vars(owner).get('_synchronized_lock', None)

        if lock is None:
            meta_lock = vars(synchronized).setdefault(
                    '_synchronized_meta_lock', threading.Lock())

            with meta_lock:
                lock = vars(owner).get('_synchronized_lock', None)
                if lock is None:
                    lock = threading.RLock()
                    setattr(owner, '_synchronized_lock', lock)

        return lock

    def _synchronized_wrapper(wrapped, instance, args, kwargs):
        with _synchronized_lock(instance or wrapped):
            return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)

    class _synchronized_function_wrapper(function_wrapper):

        def __enter__(self):
            self._lock = _synchronized_lock(self.wrapped)
            self._lock.acquire()
            return self._lock

        def __exit__(self, *args):
            self._lock.release()

    return _synchronized_function_wrapper(wrapped, _synchronized_wrapper)
```

We now have two scenarios for what can happen.

In the case of `synchronized` being used as a decorator still, our new
derived function wrapper will wrap the function or method it was applied
to. When that function or class method is called, the existing
`__call__()` method of the function wrapper base class will be called and
the decorator semantics will apply with the wrapper called to acquire the
appropriate lock and call the wrapped function.

In the case where is was instead used for the purposes of a context
manager, our new derived function wrapper would actually be wrapping the
class instance or class type. Nothing is being called though and instead
the `with` statement will trigger the execution of the `__enter__()`
and `__exit__()` methods to acquire the appropriate lock around the
context of the statements to be executed.

So all nice and neat and not even that complicated compared to previous
attempts at doing the same thing which were referenced in the prior post on
this topic.

It isn't just about @decorator
------------------------------

Now one of the things that this hopefully shows is that although
`@decorator` can be used to create your own custom decorators, this isn't
always the most appropriate way to go. The separate existence of the
function wrapper gives a great deal of flexibility in what one can do as
far as wrapping objects to modify the behaviour. One can also drop down and
use the object proxy directly in certain circumstances.

All together these provide a general purpose set of tools for doing any
sort of wrapping or monkey patching and not just for use in decorators. I
will now start to shift the focus of this series of blog posts to look more
at the more general area of wrapping and monkey patching.

Before I do get into that, in my next post I will first talk about the
performance implications implicit in using the function wrapper which has
been described when compared to the more traditional way of using function
closures to implement decorators. This will include overhead comparisons
where the complete object proxy and function wrapper classes are
implemented as a Python C extension for added performance.


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Appropriate research and ear protection devices should be used during operation.


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text:
Belinda Bencic era la detentrice del titolo ma ha superato i limiti di età per i tornei juniores.

Jeļena Ostapenko ha sconfitto in finale Kristína Schmiedlová per 2-6, 6-3, 6-0.

Teste di serie

  Ivana Jorović (secondo turno)
  Catherine Bellis (primo turno)
  Tornado Alicia Black (quarti di finale)
  Aliona Bolsova Zadoinov (primo turno)
  Jil Belen Teichmann (terzo turno)
  Iryna Šymanovič (primo turno)
  Françoise Abanda (terzo turno)
  Kristína Schmiedlová (finale)

  Anhelina Kalinina (terzo turno)
  Xu Shilin (quarti di finale)
  Ioana Loredana Roșca (terzo turno)
  Markéta Vondroušová (semifinale)
  Priscilla Hon (primo turno)
  Sandra Samir (primo turno)
  Anna Bondár (primo turno)
  Naiktha Bains (primo turno)

Tabellone

Parte finale

Parte alta

Sezione 1

Sezione 2

Parte bassa

Sezione 3

Sezione 4

Collegamenti esterni

Torneo di Wimbledon 2014


text:
Greater Than the Upaniṣads and the Vedas
Home/Writings/Krishna Talk Articles/Srila B.R. Sridhara Maharaja/Greater Than the Upaniṣads and the Vedas
Anādi (For Advanced Philosophers)
Questions and Answers on Baladeva Tattva
By Śrīla Bhakti Rakṣaka Śrīdhara Deva GosvāmīPublished On: July 5, 2012Tags: Guru-tattva, Śāstra6.4 min read
(In the following discourse Śrīla Śrīdhara Mahārāja explains that one who is in the service of full-fledged theism, whatever inspiration comes in them, for the service of preaching that truth, that is more valuable than the Upaniṣads, Vedas, and other revealed scripture.
Śrīla Śrīdhara Mahārāja: Some years after our Guru Mahārāja had left, Ananta Vāsudeva Prabhu (the ācārya of the Gauḍīya Mission) called for me and said, "Prabhupāda has done many things which cannot be supported according to the scriptures. Where is your name 'Śrīdhara' found in the scripture? Only ten names of sannyāsīs we find – Purī, Giri, Bhāratī etc. – all these are mentioned in the scriptures."
I told him, "You published a book, Gauḍīya Kaṇṭhahāra before I joined the maṭha, and there, one hundred and eight names of sannyāsīs are mentioned. You have given reference to Ananta-saṁhitā."
"Oh, that is all false, concoction. We suggested these names and Sachin Paṇḍita composed the śloka and has given this some Sanskrit characteristic. We suggested the name of Ananta-saṁhitā. It is a fictitious book. There is no Ananta-saṁhitā."
"That does not matter."
"It is all false, so we can't follow strictly the principles of Prabhupāda."
Then I gave him this answer, "In the Vedas and Upaniṣads it is seen that the first consideration is the ṛṣi. What the ṛṣis of the ancient times saw and felt in their hearts, they recorded, and that is Vedas and Upaniṣads. If we consider that the primary conception of full-fledged theism is given in the Śrīmad Bhāgavatam and that It is the natural fruit of the Vedas, Purāṇas etc, then those persons who preach that full-fledged theism, who have found the expression within their heart – anything they add to that is greater śāstra than the Vedas and Upaniṣads. That is more valuable to me than any of the so-called ṛṣis, who felt this Brahman – a hazy conception of the theism. We find in the Bhāgavatam that the Śrutis are repenting and praying for forgiveness to Kṛṣṇa, "We could not express You fully. What we have expressed is going to that hazy conception of Brahman – not Your conception. We could not express Param-Brahma, Svayam-Bhagavān, so we beg Your forgiveness for this."
The present ācāryas do not have a lesser position than the former ṛṣis – they have a greater position. They have to give to the public a higher conception of theism. We may think of them to be modern, but at the same time if we consider what Mahaprabhu gave and what the Bhāgavatam has given as a more developed condition of theism than what the Upaniṣads and Vedas have given in previous days – if we realise this, than we must give the position of importance to the ācārya of full-fledged theism. Otherwise we are all hypocrites.
If we can think that the teachings of Śrī Caitanyadeva and the full-fledged theism as told by Prabhupāda is the highest, and the Bhāgavata is the highest development of theism, then what Prabhupāda said has got reality – that is true. That cannot but be true. Whatever is felt, any more, any single division – that is generally bona-fide. That is the only truth. I cannot think that the revealed truth means that thousands and thousands of years back it was only revealed to some ṛṣi or so and that it cannot be revealed at present. At any time the revelation may come to support this highest form of theism – whatever the revelation!
Devotee: Vāsudeva Prabhu wanted to show Ananta-saṁhitā was not bona-fide?
Śrīdhara Mahārāja: Yes, that it is an imagined book. He told me that, but I do not know for certain. Still I stood my ground on that fact. There is also the Caitanya Upaniṣad – that may not be found anywhere. Brahma-saṁhitā is also not to be found. Some claim that it was written by Śrī Caitanyadeva. Bhaktivinoda Ṭhākura has written that we do not find any book by Caitanyadeva, but if Brahma-saṁhitā comes from Him, then we are very much proud and satisfied that He has left at least one book. But Jīva Gosvāmī has written that there really was a Brahma-saṁhitā with one hundred chapters and this is one chapter out of that.
I also told this about Jaiva-dharma – Bhaktivinoda Ṭhākura wrote Jaiva-dharma in the style of a novel, as if that is an imaginary conversation amongst imaginary persons – one is asking, another is answering. But I think that this is not fictitious. In some kalpa or other such things really happened. It may not be this kalpa, but there are so many kalpas. There are so many days of Brahmā, and things are repeated with a little modification. When there is any difference or anomaly in the scriptural descriptions, Jīva Gosvāmī has explained this to be kalpa-bheda. When it has come in the consciousness of Bhaktivinoda Ṭhākura, it is not transitory. It is floating – sometimes appearing and sometimes disappearing. It is all eternal truth.
Sanātana Gosvāmī says that when writing this Bṛhad-bhāgavatāmṛtam, "Someone is forcing me to write this. It is not I that is writing. I do not have such audacity that I can enter into the harem of Kṛṣṇa and say that Rukmiṇī is such and such, Satyabhāmā is such and such – what audacity I have to deal with them. Somebody is forcing me to write!" Kavirāja Gosvāmī also says, ei grantha lekhāya more madana-mohana ('It is Madana-mohana that makes me write this book'). It is all true – cent-percent true.
Suppose something has come from Bhaktivinoda Ṭhākura, Prabhupāda or some respected Vaiṣṇava ācārya – they have got inspiration of giving that sort of thing to the world for the propaganda – it has got its value. It is not unreal, but it has greater value because the ordinary ṛṣis are the appreciators of only two conceptions of theism – the conception of Brahman and Paramātmā. Bhagavān Kṛṣṇa is the highest form of development of theism and who can perceive Him, recognise Him, who can understand that this is the highest conception of theism is to be respected. Any mantram or anything like that which is coming through their inspiration is more valuable. That has got more authenticity. Otherwise, what are they? They are worshippers, they are preachers, they are appreciators, they are devoted to the highest cause – but they have got no foundation? Is it that they have no particular position in that plane, that they cannot feel things of the highest order within their hearts and give it out to the public?
One who is in the service of full-fledged theism, whatever inspiration comes in him, for the service of preaching that truth – that is more valuable than that ordinary Upaniṣad, Veda, and other revealed scripture. I still hold that – it cannot but be so. If you are to accept Svayam-Bhagavān, Akhila-rasāmṛta-mūrti and the full-fledged theism of Bhāgavatam, then those that are earnestly, wholeheartedly trying to serve and preaching that truth, whatever inspiration comes from within, that cannot but be the truth. What we find created and given to us by the present authentic ācārya has got infinitely more value than those which were previously seen by the ṛṣis. Otherwise we cannot say that this is full-fledged theism. Those that can appreciate this highest form of theism, their position is nothing? Their position is not serious? If we shrink to give that sort of respectable position to the present ācārya, if we cannot give such a position to the espouser of this highest form of theism, then that conviction is to be doubted.
About the Author: Śrīla Bhakti Rakṣaka Śrīdhara Deva Gosvāmī


Abstract An investigation of the role of the proximity effect in current cross correlations in multiterminal, channel-mixing, normal-superconducting systems is presented. The proposed experiment is an electrical analog of the optical Hanbury Brown Twiss intensity cross correlation experiment. A chaotic quantum dot is connected via quantum point contacts to two normal and one superconducting reservoir. For dominating coupling of the dot to the superconducting reservoir, a magnetic flux of the order of a flux quantum in the dot suppresses the proximity effect and reverses the sign of the cross correlations, from positive to negative. In the opposite limit, for a dominating coupling to the normal reservoirs, the proximity effect is weak and the cross correlation are positive for a nonideal contact between the dot and the superconducting reservoir. We show that in this limit the correlations can be explained with particle counting arguments.


text:
OnePlus 6 Fast AF Sale To Be Held From May 13th-16th
by Vipul VijMay 10, 2018
The OnePlus 6 will launch in India on May 17th, one day after its global launch in London. Amazon has already made the "Notify Me" page live for the OnePlus 6 and the first sale is scheduled for May 21st. The pricing of the smartphone is still not clear but, our sources claim that the smartphone will be available at a starting price of Rs 34999. The company has announced a new Fast AF (Fast And First) sale that will be held from May 13th to May 16th.
As per the sale, users can buy Amazon e-gift cards which they can use to buy the OnePlus 6 on May 21st and May 22nd. Consumers who use the e-gift card to buy the smartphone will get an extended warranty of 3 months. Interested consumers can buy an Amazon e-gift card worth Rs 1000 during the Fast AF sale. Then, while buying the OnePlus 6, they can use the gift card to avail a discount of Rs 1000. Such users will also get an additional cashback Rs 1000 and an extended manufacturer warranty of 3 months.
Confirmed Images of the OP6 in a test case, defaults to Dec 31 Wed 1969, without Internet. Bottom part of the case hides the bottom bezel. Cutouts placements for slider/ volume/ power and sim tray. Notch contains camera and earpiece. This is in India. Left icon is battery saver pic.twitter.com/JDh5qeSqsK
— iGyaan (@igyaan) April 24, 2018
According to the listing on TENNA, the OnePlus 6 will have a 6.28 inch Super AMOLED display with a 2280 x 1080 px resolution. This translates into a 19:9 aspect ratio and the phone will shift to a conventional 18:9 aspect ratio if a user decides to hide the notch.
Under the hood, the device will run on the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 chipset coupled with either 6GB or 8GB of RAM. The listing is of the base model with 6GB RAM and 64GB storage. The other two variants will be 8GB RAM with 128GB or 256GB non-user expandable storage. This will be the first time that ttheOnePlus smartphone will have 256GB of onboard storage.
Must Read: Apple iPhone SE 2 Renders With Face ID And iPhone X Style Notch Leaked
The smartphone will run Android 8.1 Oreo out of the box with stock-ish OxygenOS on top. Powering the OnePlus 6 will be a 3300 mAh battery with DashCharge support.
Similar to the OnePlus 5T, the OnePlus 6 will have two RGB sensors with the same aperture for better low-light photography. The portrait mode will be executed using the software. The listing reveals that the OnePlus 6 will have a 16MP primary sensor coupled with a 20MP sensor, the same as the OnePlus 5T. On the front will be a 16MP which should be able to record at least 1080P videos.
The OnePlus 6 is just a few days away from launch as the company is going all out to promote it. It will be interesting to see how many users commit to the OnePlus 6 even before its launch by buying the gift card. However, that gift card can also be used for Amazon shopping if the person decides not to buy the OnePlus 6 later on.
MobileFun
Latest, Mobile, OnePlus
amazon sale, Oneplus, oneplus 6
Vipul Vij
Always found in a Hooded Shell, Excited by technology, tortured by his eating habits. Handles content at iGyaan.
LatestMobileOnePlus


Family Focus: Don't Forget Your Vitamins! - What's Up, USANA?
Family Focus: Don't Forget Your Vitamins!
I am excited to start a new blog series on What's Up, USANA? about children and family, called "Family Focus." I'm hoping that together, we can find ways our families can improve and grow in living a more healthy USANA lifestyle. Being a single mom over the past seven years, I can use all the help I can get!
1. Make it a Habit: "It doesn't matter whether you choose morning or evening to take your vitamins, as long as you do it," Bosse says. However, for my family, evenings are easiest because mornings are hectic and bedtime is more routine. I just throw our vitamin regimen in between bathing and teeth brushing, and we are set.
2. Make it Fun: By earning a sticker every time he takes his vitamins, my 7-year-old is excited about taking Usanimals™ . Once he collects 30 stickers, he'll win a trip to the dollar store. For my teenager, she thought it would be cool to pick out her favorite nail polish (the cheap kind, of course!) at the end of the month by taking Body Rox™ each day. As for your kids, find something simple that motivates them — without breaking the bank.
3. Make it Appealing: My son cringes at the thought of putting something in his mouth he may not like. Instead of fighting him to take his vitamins, I take Bosse's advice, "If you can find a food or drink your children will consistently take with their vitamins, roll with it." My picky boy doesn't mind taking his BiOmega™ Jr. with his favorite bedtime snack.
4. Make it Quality: Whenever we go to the store, my kids want me to buy the supplements that look fun — with exciting shapes, gummy textures and loads of sugar — but I always stick with USANA supplements, because I never have to worry. Pediatrician and USANA Scientific Advisory Council member, Christine Wood, highly recommends USANA vitamins to her patients because she trusts what's in them. You, too, can be assured knowing USANA manufactures its products in an FDA registered facility, is NSF certified, and follows the FDA's highest possible standards for manufacturing.
5. Make it Count: It's best to check with your doctor to see if additional supplements are recommended for you and your children's daily regimen, because every person's needs are different, and some kids are more picky than others (mine). "Vitamin D deficiency is turning out to be a common deficiency among children and adults, along with calcium. Both are important for bone health," Dr. Wood says.
I'd love to get your input as to what has worked best in getting your stubborn children (or significant others) to take their vitamins. Please leave your comments below and I'll talk to you soon!
https://whatsupusana.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/BiOmega-Jr-Lifestyle-008.jpg 450 800 Misty Dangel http://whatsupusana.staging.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/USANA_logo.png Misty Dangel2014-01-31 08:00:352017-05-16 10:23:44Family Focus: Don't Forget Your Vitamins!
I asked my boys pediatrician about supplements just to see what they would say and sadly they said " they get all they need from their food " knowing this is NOT true I fired back sarcastically o sure there is a lot of nutrients in chicken nuggets and pizza. Lol Not that I only feed my boys junk but let's face it it is really hard to get kids to eat a variety of vegetables. When will ALL medical drs get on board with prevention and supplementation? O that's rt they are Doctors of medicine! We need to remember that. There are some who have taken it upon themselves to educate themselves on nutrition and boy do I appreciate that small percent . I also had a doctor tell me supplements don't do anything . That is because most of them don't . Not all supplements are created equally . This doctor obviously has not heard of Usana. It is up to us people to stand up to the DRS respectfully and tell them about Usana. It can be intimidating but just think if you can change one mind it could change a ton of lives!! Good luck!!
Excellent ideas, Misty! I'm really looking forward to this series.