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Tag Archives: Ultimate Fighting Championship
MMA, UFC, Sports Galore, But Why Are There No Professional Wrestling Heroes in Romance?
The official logo of the WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment). At one point it was the WWF, but the World Wildlife Federation successfully sued and wrestling made a change.
It's amazing how you change over twenty years of marriage. When I discovered that my intellectual, graduate student husband was a HUGE fan of professional wrestling, it was difficult to put those elements together.
Really? I mean, isn't wrestling fake and not a sport? Numerous documentaries, books, and discussions later, as well as Mondays and Fridays given over to reading romance novels while in the same room as Monday Night RAW and Friday Night Smackdown and I've got a whole new outlook. Not only are these men and women phenomenal athletes who train for hours in the gym and in the ring, but – unlike so many athletes who are great on the field and monosyllabic at best in front of the camera – the wrestlers from WWE also embody charisma, acting ability, and an incredible teamwork ethic.
Don't Be Snooty: Look at the Market Potential
But since I am reading those romance novels while keeping one eye on the TV screen, it's hard not to be struck by an obvious fact. With the rise of fabulous books having MMA and UFC fighters (like Kele Moon's Battered Hearts series), to say nothing of the many, many sports hero romance novels (Jaci Burton, for example) why has no author used the rich world of professional wrestling as a basis for a romance series?
Before you get too snooty and turn your nose up at professional wrestling, consider how many people do that same thing with romance novels. They aren't right, just ignorant, and while the WWE may not be your cup of tea, the fact remains that there's ample fodder for significant romance novels here. I bet you didn't start watching MMA after reading a book with an MMA hero, right? You don't have to be a weekly viewer (although you may end up one) but take a look at some of the key elements of WWE wrestling and tell me there isn't serious romance potential here. Oh, and take a look at the pictures and really tell me there's not potential!
John Cena, my favorite wrestler, who embodies his personal mission statement of "Hustle, Loyalty, Respect".
Part of that potential are the fourteen million fans who tune in each week (36% of them women) who certainly can understand the appeal. Those fans who choose to be in the know – regarding the idea that each wrestler personifies a character and who also understand that the WWE writes the storylines and conflict between characters – are known as "smarks" (a combination of the words "smart" and "mark"). Wrestlers are considered "faces" – usually good looking good guys – or "heels" – bad guys you love to hate (who can also be good looking). Being one or the other doesn't guarantee a role for life; major storylines often dictate a "heel turn" or someone thought of previously as a good guy allying themselves with someone horrible or making a move to the dark side him or herself.
This is an incredible billion dollar industry covering television, film (see the documentaries below for a few examples), music (each character has a signature piece of music), magazines, books (mostly biography and about the industry), and video gaming. Vince McMahon, along with his daughter Stephanie McMahon, built the WWE into an entertainment force to be reckoned with, and while his on camera persona is one of the often evil boss (who Americans of all ages and backgrounds love to hate), watching the many documentaries about various wrestlers reveal a strong businessman who deeply cares for the entertainers who make up the WWE family.
And Then There's the Eye Candy Terrific Wrestlers
C. M. Punk, probably the strongest anti-hero currently wrestling, has talent and drive, overcoming difficult challenges in his childhood. Across his stomach is the logo "Straight Edge" embodying his lifelong commitment to avoiding drugs or alcohol.
The wrestlers themselves come from backgrounds that seem ideal for romance novel hero status. Whether it's John Cena's unbelievable Make a Wish Foundation work, C. M. Punk's difficult family background and earned anti-hero persona, or Randy Orton's family legacy of wrestling and the stresses it placed on him, these are men with a depth of personal story that seem very suited to our genre. The fact they earn millions of dollars a year also fulfills a popular trope of the rich entertainer, jaded by women falling at his feet like ripe pears, who is ready to find the love of his life.
Yet, challenges for romantic entanglements are many. These wrestlers spend over 300 days on the road and divorce is understandably common. Even with strong teamwork, their bodies get incredibly battered with injuries sidelining them for months at a time. Wrestlers often start off at seedy hole-in-the-wall regional proving grounds, sometimes moving on to international wrestling venues in Mexico, Europe or Japan before the select few make their way to the national venues of the televised WWE programs. These programs take place in your local huge arena where the wrestlers perform to crowds of tens of thousands of people, sometimes upwards of 80,000 people. Rock stars, eat your heart out!
Randy Orton whose natural ability and hard work has risen him to superstardom, despite his being his own worst enemy.
The Divas (and please note that there is now a reality show about these women on the E! Network) are the female wrestlers who have been over sexualized in the past but are now attaining greater footing and equality. My husband used to fast forward through the Divas (and, no, not just because I was sitting there) since he felt that many of their story lines denigrated the women's athleticism. As the WWE has become more family friendly (no more Stone Cold Steve Austin spraying beer on his opponents while giving them the double handed finger), I'm pleased to say the Diva story lines have risen in content accordingly. Sometimes male and female wrestlers are "involved" with each other or there is interpersonal conflict between Divas (and male wrestlers) to heighten tensions and allegiances. Not only are several of the Divas former athletes, but some come from dancing, professional cheerleading and modeling backgrounds. A wonderful plus of watching the divas is that a decent amount of them have strong, curvy and athletic figures – even the ones who are model thin seem to have that body naturally – promoting a healthier female body image for viewers.
Fandango, the hilarious heel who has begun a "dance" craze with his theme song and various antics. A perfect secondary character – just "let the 'a's breathe".
Potential for secondary characters abound. Whether it's the fans (so many adorable kids out in the audience next to rabid adult fans), caring support staff, or the wrestlers who provide villainous or comic relief (Google "WWE Wrestler Fandango video" and get ready to laugh), personalities are ripe for consideration when constructing additional characters who would support a hero and heroine and a strong story line.
So Watch Already!
Now that you have a sense of why the WWE is so interesting, your next step would be to actually watch. See if your local sports bar offers wrestling as an option or a particular WWE pay-per-view. It's best when you've got a docent nearby to explain to you what's happening (you can't have my husband, after all) and any important backstory. It's a lot like when your best friend in high school wanted you to get into her favorite soap opera. Remember how confusing it seemed and how over the top the story lines were? And then three weeks later you were totally into it. WWE wrestling is exactly like that.
The free shows are the easiest to access, either live or online, and introduce you to the characters and their current storyline. Please note that the WWE website is extensive and rich in information. You can look up any wrestler for biographical information, watch videos (usually "promos" where they outline their current grievance or conflict with another wrestler and promise a painful win in the ring during the next match), and look at each character's customized merchandise. While there are many shows each week, the two most important ones are:
WWE Raw (formerly Monday Night Raw) – airs Mondays on the USA Network (archived by the next day on Hulu)
WWE Friday Night Smackdown! – airs Friday nights on the Syfy channel (archived by the next day on Hulu)
Each year, the pay-per-view event of Wrestlemania brings story lines to a head and sets the stage for new conflict in an epic event combining production and showmanship.
Pay-per-views are a big portion of the WWE business strategy and you get your money's worth when the matches are so elaborately staged you find your jaw dropping. I'm definitely going to get my husband SummerSlam for his birthday in August, but it's amazing the level of production that goes into some of these shows. Hell in a Cell actually puts a chain link kennel around the ring and wrestlers are locked inside to battle one another until one of them is pinned for the count of three or "taps out" indicating defeat. Wrestlemania is the big kahuna of the pay-per-views where several story lines come to a head, and you'll notice if you ever watch any of the documentaries on the wrestlers that the big matches that happen during this event are the ones remembered with the greatest fondness and most emotion.
The Best Introduction: Documentaries
Speaking of documentaries, I think that watching them was actually key to getting me to be interested in the WWE as I could better identify with the hard work and background of each wrestler, as well as understand their many outside interests and talents. Sadly, while the attitude toward Divas has improved over the last years, I can't find any documentaries that don't look like a Girls Gone Wild video, so I'm afraid I can only recommend male wrestling superstar films. Here are a few of my favorites:
The Shawn Michaels Story: Heartbreak and Triumph – Shawn Michaels not only possessed a brilliant and troubled career in wrestling but is known as being someone who was able to successfully fight the evils of drugs and alcohol through his religious faith and the love of his wife and family. I confess to getting choked up during this documentary as Michaels is so unflinchingly honest about the obstacles he placed in the way of his success as well as the tough love he received from the many people in the WWE who cared about him.
Randy Orton: The Evolution of a Predator – While it's not the most chronological approach to a biography, this gives a nice understanding of his dealing with the stress of his father's legacy as a wrestler, as well as hints at his personal battle with his insecurities, which led to drug abuse. Sadly, the documentary focuses on the saving grace of his wife and daughter, but the news outlets just recently announced their divorce. After watching this you'll appreciate why this happened.
C. M. Punk: The Best in the World – This is a well-produced documentary which mirrors Punk's own unflinching acceptance of his hard childhood and adolescence in Chicago as well as the many friendships which supported him in adopting the "straight edge" lifestyle and anti-hero persona that is entirely his own. He's a compelling, complex person who would make a wonderful foundation for a romance hero character.
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson not only set the WWE Universe on its ear but also regularly demonstrates his acting chops in Hollywood to strong acclaim.
The Rock: The Most Electrifying Man in Sports Entertainment – Many people who have never watched one minute of wrestling are still familiar with "The Rock" or Dwayne Johnson as he has gone on to have a successful acting career. Between his wrestling legacy in his family as well as his cultural heritage, this charismatic, intelligent man comes across as not only devilishly handsome and playful, but also as a multi-faceted businessman who set the bar for WWE Superstardom. WWE: The Epic Journey of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is also an excellent resource.
Stone Cold Steve Austin: The Bottom Line on the Most Popular Superstar of All Time – I became interested in the wrestling superstar Steve Austin when my husband wanted to watch the reality show Tough Enough, in which would-be wrestlers attempted to handle the many training sessions and challenges in order to earn a contract with the WWE. Austin reached superstardom during the height of the WWE's more "adult" focus, but his anti-hero character embodied the hard working everyman with his tough Texas background and gritty determination in the ring. While this documentary makes no mention of his tumultuous divorce from his wife (domestic abuse and possible steroid use appeared to be factors), Austin does clearly state how he failed the most important people in his life while dealing with his own personal issues.
Hitman Hart: Wrestling with Shadows – While the WWE appears to be a nurturing business, it's still a business, and this documentary following the career of superstar Bret Hart demonstrates the tensions that can arise from a strong and talented entertainer and the business interests who may believe in a different direction for his character. What is fascinating (and this documentary intersects well with the Shawn Michaels documentary because of his involvement in the match that severed Hart from the WWE) is the ripple effect of the damage this incident caused within the wrestling world – it's hard to find a wrestler unaffected by it.
The John Cena Experience – John Cena is actually my favorite wrestler, as I admire his work ethic, consistently great performance, and his many talents outside of the ring (he's a songwriter/rapper as well as an extremely talented actor, watch the heartwarming family movie, Legendary, if you don't believe me). This documentary not only hits on all his wrestling highlights and career but spends a decent amount of time on Cena's amazing Make a Wish Foundation work and his commitment to entertaining members of the armed forces. Cena led the WWE in raising over $1 million for the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Foundation (which funds research to fight breast cancer) this past year. He's really worth admiring!
Chris Jericho, whose good looks and wrestling ability formed a wonderful foundation for him to pursue his equal talents of music and writing.
Breaking the Code: Behind the Walls of Chris Jericho – Chris Jericho has certainly played both sides of the face/heel fence, but one thing that cannot be denied is that this superstar has much more than just wrestling as his talent. An excellent musician and a successful author, Jericho's business acumen has been proven time and again to lead him in a good direction. His cockiness appeals to his fans and even his WWE associates seem to be able to tolerate his attitude, probably due to the fact that it stems from genuine belief in his own abilities. While his showmanship highlights his light up clothing and bad boy persona, in actuality Jericho is probably one of the most well-rounded talents in the wrestling world.
If the WWE Were Smart, They'd Have Their Own Romance Imprint
I certainly have a few story lines bouncing around in my head inspired by this rich world of sports entertainment, but I would strongly encourage authors to consider professional wrestling as a fantastic option for a setting and/or profession for characters in romance novels. While you couldn't call it the WWE, a composite organization could easily be invented that built upon a familiar foundation. Heck, if WWE was smart, they'd use their publishing branch and hire some good romance editors right now to launch the line themselves!
There is a lot to admire in the world of the WWE and I'd encourage anyone who enjoys drama, humor, and physical entertainment to consider taking a closer look. You just might fall in love.
Tags: Bret Hart, C. M. Punk, demographics, Divas, Fandango, Friday, John Cena, market, Mixed Martial Arts, Professional wrestling, Randy Orton, Romance novel, Shawn Michaels, Stephanie McMahon, Steve Austin, Stone Cold Steve Austin, Ultimate Fighting Championship, Vince McMahon, World Wrestling Entertainment, Wrestling, WWE, WWE Diva
Categories The Craft: Writing and Publishing
Star Crossed by Kele Moon Sends You Into the Stratosphere
Star-Crossed (Book 2 Battered Hearts Series – Romeo and Jules story) by Kele Moon (Loose ID, July 3, 2012)
Kele Moon won my trust months ago after I read her first book in the Battered Hearts series, Defying the Odds. This is actually unusual for me since one book does not a trusted author make, but there was something about her deft characterization and perfect plot pacing that made me feel I was in the hands of a romance novel master.
It's because I was.
This point has only been proven again, with Star Crossed, the fabulous follow-up to Defying the Odds, and when I tell you that I was waiting with bated breath for this romance, I'm not exaggerating.
I love being immersed in the small southern town of Garnet, which specializes in producing UFC fighters and people who are in each other's business in a big way. In the first book, Defying the Odds, we met Clay, a UFC champion who was becoming less enamored of his sport and more interested in the lovely new waitress of the local diner, Melody. In the course of their incredibly hot relationship ("watch that plate or you'll burn yourself" should be the warning on that book), Clay trains with the help of his two best friends, Wyatt and Jules Conner, for a championship match against contender Romeo Wellings. In the aftermath of the fight, Melody's psycho abusive ex-husband finds her and attempts to kill her, with Romeo and Clay saving the day.
In gratitude, Clay offers to help Romeo train since he plans on retiring after a final promotional tour, and it is this construct which sets the foundation for our newest book in the series. Romeo Wellings is one of three illegitmate sons of a loving Italian mother. Growing up on the tough streets of New York and with ties to the mafia, he learned how to fight the practical way before training with a local martial arts school. He's used his immense skill at fighting to support his two younger brothers but there is a lot missing from his life. One look at the tall blond drink of water which is Jules Conner, Clay and Melody's grateful friend, and Romeo finds he has a powerful thirst only she can quench.
A view of the Las Vegas skyline with all the luxurious hotels. I pictured Romeo and Jules' room having a view like this (not that they were looking out the window all that often!).
Jules realizes that while she's thought of Romeo as the enemy forever, his designer clad form and good heart has her recognizing that her sex dry spell has lasted wayyyyyy too long. Taking him out to a thank you dinner has them both viewing each other through a shimmering heat wave and getting a hotel room. And let me tell you, it's a wonder that the hotel fire alarm doesn't go off, the chemistry is that combustible between them.
But Jules has to go home to Garnet to her legal practice and Romeo needs to head home and then go on the promotional tour with Clay. Saying that it was a one time thing is all well and good, but the reality is that their connection goes deeper than just a one-night stand, and they find themselves texting and calling each other all the time. While the sexual attraction is there in spades (phone sex and webcams are beautifully utilized here, something I didn't think I'd write ever), without either Romeo or Jules paying attention, the two of them are in a relationship with each other, one built on common interests and actual friendship.
This is where Kele Moon continued her maestro-esque writing. While I am usually a content reader, happy to indulge a love at first sight trope (even outside of paranormal romance), it's rare I like a book that has a normal timeframe for two people getting to know each other. This is probably because it either goes wayyyyy too slow for me, with little emotional intimacy taking place and I get the physical aspect of the relationship either delayed (which frustrates me) or an initial encounter is not given the emotional importance I think it deserves. Kele has managed to give me the sensual heat early on, and actually (miraculously) continues it in the exchanges between Romeo and Jules, showing their continued attraction while simultaneously demonstrating their mental and emotional closeness. Oh. My. God. It makes for one incredibly sweet, hot romance.
There is plenty of conflict here, much of it seeming insurmountable. Jules' twin brother and best friend, Wyatt, hates Romeo with a passion and is not thrilled that Clay is training him. He becomes less enthusiastic when he discovers that Romeo has a record – as a sheriff, Wyatt doesn't have a lot of patience for people operating outside the law. As a result, Jules' feels she has to keep her relationship with Romeo under wraps, which makes Romeo feel like her dirty secret and allows them both to delude themselves that this is more about hooking up and less about an actual relationship. Romeo feels that his ties to the mafia and need to free his brothers from its influence has painted a target on his back and he doesn't want Jules caught in the crossfire.
Defying the Odds (Book 1 in Battered Hearts series – Clay and Melody's story) by Kele Moon (Loose Id, December 20, 2011)
Let's talk about the male character's for a minute. I really appreciate that the men are not man whores. I'm getting tired in this day and age of historical romances and contemporary ones featuring playboys who have cut through a chunk of the female population and the heroine must deal with ex-lovers right and left. While Romeo (and Clay before him) admit to occasionally having slept with the groupies who follow them on the circuit, you don't get the impression that these two disciplined fighters have succumbed to utter debauchery and it's confirmed that they haven't had sex in a while when they meet up with their destined heroine. It's downright refreshing.
Another feature of this series from Kele Moon is that, in her couples, one member of the pair comes from an extremely tough background and has risen above their circumstances. In Defying the Odds, Clay has a terrible childhood and was actually taken in by the Conner family and raised alongside them, and we discover in Star Crossed that Romeo not only has had a rough time when he was young, but things aren't that great for him now either as he deals with mafia pressures. Both these heroes must use the love they've found as fuel for the final push to break from their past and find a new future.
Perhaps most impressive with Kele Moon's writing is that every character feels fleshed out. This could backfire on her – I think I'm going to be heartbroken if she doesn't devote books to Romeo's brothers Nova and Tino and continue the storyline of the hot, young UFC fighter who lives above Jules' law office. Obviously, Jules' often frustrating but always loving brother, Wyatt, is next in line for his own book, with the arrival of Tabitha, the girlfriend he has never gotten over, back in town.
I'm chomping at the bit for Wyatt and Tabitha's story, not only to explore them as characters, but to see further evidence of the couples I already love and admire. I'm going to have to content myself with the fact that I now I have two novels in the series to reread periodically while I patiently wait for her next masterpiece. Thanks, Kele!!!
Tags: Clay, Defying the Odds, Kele Moon, Romance, Romance novel, Star Crossed, UFC, Ultimate Fighting Championship
Categories Contemporary Romance, Erotic, Review, Series


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A group of prominent UK celebrities have written a strongly-worded open letter to PM David Cameron denouncing Britain's resettlement program for Syrian refugees, suggesting it lacks compassion and humanity.
Ministers stressed at the time that the UK could better assist Syrians by striving to improve conditions on the ground.
Following an intense period of lobbying, the Liberal Democrat-Conservative coalition finally caved in, dropping its previous opposition to admitting Syrian refugees to the UK.
Over the next three years, the government is expected to resettle several hundred Syrians in the UK as part of the scheme. This contrasts sharply with UN recommendations.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is urging governments worldwide to offer 130,000 resettlement places to Syrian refugees in the next twelve months.
Actress and Oscar winner Emma Thompson, rock musician Sting, and comedian Michael Palin are among the celebrities who told Cameron they are "ashamed" of the British government's failure to do more to safely relocate Syrian refugees to Britain.
The letter supports a collective campaign by Amnesty International, the Refugee Council and Oxfam.
Since the onslaught of the Syrian conflict, almost 50 percent of Syrians have been uprooted from their homes and forced to flee.
Thousands of Syrian refugees in neighboring Lebanon and Jordon are currently struggling to survive as severe snow storms, strong winds, freezing temperatures and lashing rain hit their makeshift shelters.
The UNCHR says some 800,000 Syrians, many of whom left their homes with nothing, are in dire need of assistance.
As Syrians continue to face horrific conditions in the Middle East, the British government is failing in its duty to assist them, the campaign letter's signatories warned.
They argued relocating a few hundred people to the UK was not good enough for a leading state like Britain.
"In a climate where children are sent to work in order to help their parents survive, where young girls are sold off as child brides and where torture victims are unable to rebuild their lives, every resettlement place countries like Britain provide is a lifeline," they said.
The letter said a simple but historic decision faces the government.
The celebrities compared Britain's resettlement program with Austria's and Germany's.
They noted how the governments of both states had increased the amount of places they are offering to Syrian refugees as their environment has continued to deteriorate in the face of military assaults from Islamic State.
"We are ashamed that the UK has so far failed to do likewise," the letter said.
Maurice Wren, chief executive of the Refugee Council, said the government's inadequate resettlement program risks blackening its foreign policy legacy in years to come.
Kate Allen, Amnesty International UK's director, said the government's failure to open its doors on a more significant level to Syrian refugees was shameful.


Bradford Lamb was born in Oregon and has lived here most of his life. Brad enjoys spending time with his wife and three teenagers and has enjoyed coaching youth football and basketball during the past several years. He maintains a busy legal practice, but is an avid fly fisherman and in his spare time can be found drifting blue ribbon streams in search of trout and steelhead in his drift boat. Brad also enjoys skiing the slopes and is hopeful that his golf game will improve.
Brad's practice focuses on litigation and appellate work in state and federal courts with an emphasis on complex litigation, including insurance coverage disputes, construction defect, environmental, business and defense of professionals. His experience includes coverage analysis and litigation of cases arising out of commercial general liability, professional and other specialty policies. Brad also represents businesses and individuals in a variety of business transactions, real estate and litigation matters. Brad has been involved in numerous complex disputes at the trial and appellate level. His past practice includes service as in-house counsel for a major insurance company.


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You are here: World Cafe // World Cafe Guests // Questlove and Keren Ann
Questlove and Keren Ann
Questlove, born Ahmir Khalib Thompson, is the well renowned drummer of the multi-Grammy award winning Philly band The Roots, but it doesn't end there for the prolific artist.
Also a DJ, journalist and record producer, he has worked with the cream of the crop- artists such as Common, Erykah Badu, John Legend, Bilal, Jay-Z, Duffy, N.E.R.D.... the list goes on for miles. From the start, Questlove was surrounded my a musical community, with his performing father bringing him on tour. Picking up the drums early in his childhood, he developed his natural gift for percussion and would later go to the Philadelphia High School for the Creative and Performing Arts. It was here that The Roots, then called The Square Roots, took its original form. Since then, The Roots have become a worldwide favorite with their blend of soul, rock, hip-hop and rap, topping their award winning albums with endless performances, including their stint on the Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. Probably one of the hardest working individuals around, Questlove still manages to fit it endless colloborations and is one of the most sought after drummers. So it shouldn't be surprising that he earned the number 8 spot in Rolling Stone.
This past April, he teamed up with acclaimed Parisian artist Keren Ann to celebrate 1900s Paris at this years Philadelphia International Festival of the Arts (PIFA). Keren Ann, who has a total of six albums to her name, is a multi instrumentalist, producer, engineer and songwriter. Her recent buzzworthy album "101" has recieved huge nods for its subltle intricacies and strong storytelling character. With her energetic Parisian flair and Questlove's drumming,the two were joined by a slew of artists to present a event full of the jazz, classical and hip hop styles of Philly and Paris. Called "Philly-Paris Lockdown," the collaboration reworks compositions from Satie, Ravel, Debussy and Stravinsky.
MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/questlove
Website: http://www.kerenann.com/
MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/kerenann
Artist/SONG NAME/ALBUM NAME
"Philly-Paris Lockdown"
Band Origin: Philadelphia, PA
Recent Release: 101
Label: Blue Note Records (EMI)
Band Origin: Paris, France
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Warner Bros. ... William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream failed at the box office and the studio's net loss increased. During this time, Warner Bros.
List of characters from The Venture Bros.
List of secondary characters from The Venture Bros.
This is a 'list of secondary and one-time characters and organizations from the animated television series The Venture Bros.
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Drug Manufacturers - Major
GlaxoSmithKline Plc operates as a science-led global healthcare company that researches and develops a broad range of innovative medicines and brands. It operates in three primary areas of business: Pharmaceuticals, Vaccines and Consumer Healthcare. The Pharmaceuticals business researches, develops and makes available medicines that treat a variety of serious and chronic diseases. The Vaccines business produces pediatric and adult vaccines to prevent a range of infectious diseases including, hepatitis A and B, diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough, measles, mumps and rubella, polio, typhoid, influenza and bacterial meningitis. The Consumer Healthcare business markets a range of consumer health products based on scientific innovation. The company was founded on December 6, 1999 and is headquartered in Brentford, United Kingdom.
GlaxoSmithKline plc engages in the creation, discovery, development, manufacture, and marketing of vaccines, over-the-counter medicines, and health-related consumer products worldwide. It operates through four segments: Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals R&D, Vaccines, and Consumer Healthcare. The company offers pharmaceutical products comprising medicines in the therapeutic areas, such as respiratory, anti-virals, central nervous system, cardiovascular and urogenital, metabolic, anti-bacterials, dermatology, rare diseases, immuno-inflammation, vaccines, and HIV, as well as oncology. It also provides consumer healthcare products in wellness, oral health, nutrition, and skin health categories under the Otrivin, Panadol, parodontax, Poligrip, Sensodyne, Theraflu, and Voltaren brand names. The company offers its consumer healthcare products in the form of tablets, caplets, infant syrup drops, topical gels, nasal sprays, effervescents, lozenges, gum and trans-dermal patches, malted drinks and foods, and topical creams and non-medicated patches, as well as toothpastes, toothbrushes, mouth rinses, medicated mouthwashes, gels and sprays, denture adhesives, and denture cleansers. GlaxoSmithKline plc was founded in 1935 and is headquartered in Brentford, the United Kingdom.


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Days of Our Lives Spoilers: Stefano Comes Clean To Stunned Chad – Kristen On The Hotseat?
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Bachelor in Paradise Premiere Recap 8/14/17: Season 4 Episode 1 "401A"
BY Cristie Geroux on August 14, 2017 | Comments: Leave Comments
Related : Bachelor in Paradise, Reality TV, Recap, Television, TV
Tonight on ABC after weeks of drama, romance & more Bachelor in Paradise is starting a new season with an all new Monday, August 17 episode and we have your Bachelor in Paradise recap below. On tonight Bachelor in Paradise Season 4 premiere as per the ABC synopsis, "The cast arrive in Playa Escondida in Sayulita, Mexico, in the fourth-season opener. Later, the first date takes place."
We will be blogging tonight's episode of the Bachelor in Paradise and because it is the premiere you just know there is going to be lots of drama, heartbreak & tears. So bookmark this spot and come back tonight at 8 PM – 10 PM for our Bachelor in Paradise recap. While you wait for the recap, make sure to check out all our Bachelor of Paradise, news, spoilers, recap & so much more!
Tonight's Bachelor In Paradise recap begins now – Refresh Page often to get the most current updates!
Chris Harrison welcomes everyone to the new season of Bachelor in Paradise, reminding us that after 2 days of shooting the suspended production as there was trouble in paradise as accusations and allegations ran wild; admitting it was an emotional and stressful time for all the cast and crew.
The point of the show was to have summer fun and hope that people would get a second chance to find their soulmates and love, hoping to get married like several couples from previous seasons. He promises this season will be the most exciting and shocking season by far.
We begin 2 weeks earlier, when Raven, 25, from Nick's season arrives saying she is excited and nervous but ready to mingle with everyone. She is the first to arrive and told to head down to the beach after talking to host Chris Harrison. Dean, 26 from Rachel's season cannot believe he is in Mexico and ready to find love. Kristina, 25 from Nick's season meets Dean and says he is dreamy. Danielle, 31 from Nick's season arrives; the women complain that they need more men.
Ben, 28 is from Caitlin's season and right away clicks with Raven. Iggy, 30 runs to the beach and Dean jumps into his arms; both being from Rachel's season. Jasmine, 26 from Nick's season is looking forward to meeting Rachel's guys because she feels they will be interested in a woman that looks like her. Jack Stone, 32 from Rachel's season says everyone says he looks like a serial killer but swears he hasn't killed anybody.
Suddenly someone runs up the beach in a dolphin costume, the girls rush to her and its Alexis, 24. As they wait for the next people to arrive, the women admit they don't like Demario because he had a girlfriend and went on the Bachelorette; even saying they are not attracted to douchebags. Needless to say, Demario, 30 is the next one to arrive and Chris says its interesting that he would come there after what happened.
Demario says he didn't have a girlfriend, but he let her think they were together and takes responsibility for it. He feels people will be hostile towards him at first, but once they see and know him they will feel he is there for the right reasons. When they see Demario, Danielle says Rachel saw through his crap and they all will too; Raven asks him point blank if he is single and she doesn't like him at all.
Jasmine is bothered by Demario blowing a whistle saying they aren't 10 any more and he's ruining it for people to give him a chance. He feels Raven is the leader of the group and she needs to get through her first. Raven says if he would just own that he had a girlfriend, people would respect him. He says he owns the situation 100%; Demario thinks he won Raven over but she feels he is full of crap.
Derek, 30 is from JoJo's season and is best known for the guy who cries. Alex, 27 is also from JoJo's season; he wants a fresh start and no problems with Derek. Demario continues with his whistle saying he is there for the next Mrs. Jackson. Corinne, 25 from Nick's season, says she is not ready to settle down, no rushing to jump on the first guy who shows her attention. She says if they want her, they have to work hard for it; she says she is single! Iggy says Corinne is the life of the party like he is, so there might be something between them because they have similar personalities. Demario says he wants to know Corinne right now!!
Everyone is enjoying the beach and drinks in Playa Escondida, Mexico; Dean pulls Kristina aside and they chat about family relationships. He thinks she is a real gem who has risen above a difficult childhood.
Lacey, 25 from Nick's season would rather be known as the girl who rode in on the camel than not be known at all. Iggy likes the experience because of all the new people coming in. Vinny, 29 and Diggy, 31 from Rachel's season arrive, but most of the women are obsessed with dreamboat Dean. Demario talks to Corinne who says the men need to make the big gestures with her, they hug each other when they talk about Jersey.
Jasmine is nervous about seeing who else is coming because she hasn't connected with anyone yet. Matt, 32 from Rachel's season arrives in his famous penguin suit and all the guys from Rachel's season are thrilled to see him; right after him Nick, 35 walks down the steps as Santa Claus; he came to meet Jasmine, saying she is really hot. Jasmine says she has never dated a guy with light hair before.
Everyone tells Nick if he likes her to kiss her and he does, and she just wanted more saying the kiss was amazing and liked what she felt and tells him they need to see what happens as its only the first day.
Amanda, 27 from Ben's season says she fell in love with Josh last summer, they got engaged but it didn't work out. Chris welcomes her back, surprised to see her. She gives him back the engagement ring and says she wants a fresh start this year and needs to trust her gut this time.
Next to arrive is Taylor, 23 from Nick's season admitting people were not nice to her after the show and Chris welcomes her to paradise. Taylor is told by Jasmine to be prepared and that she shouldn't have come but Taylor doesn't want this to be the Taylor and Corinne show again. Taylor hopes that they will be happy together.
Chris is alone on the set, with no cast nor crew in sight because at this point the production is still in suspension. He says we are going back to the beginning for the first attractions, first kisses and first dates!
Raven says she can't stop staring at Dean with his shirt off and the guys are talking among each other, Derek says he is there for romance not a bromance. Taylor tells him her kind of guy needs to be able to take her into the woods and build her a fire. He says he loves camping and she tells him he gives off the vibe that he could take her into the forest; they joke that it sounds dirty.
Amanda and Jack are spending time talking, while Raven and Alexis say she truly deserves love, more than her. Alexis says she isn't feeling it with anyone yet as Demario and Corinne are all over each other, and seem like they are "clicking" and forging a relationship; together they walk up the steps.
They hop into the pool and Alex says its only been 30 minutes in Paradise and something is already going down. Alex does commentary that Corinne is fully dressed in the pool with Demario, its 4:30 in the afternoon and they are already attached to the hip, saying they are sharing a "Top Gun" moment.
Chris Harrison comes down to the beach and calls everyone together. He welcomes them, saying there is no catch, there is no prize they are simply there to find love. Each week there are Bachelor style dates and at the end of the week, there is a rose ceremony; if you are single and don't receive a rose, you are going home.
Chris tells them everything is about to change and Jorge joins him, saying in the same way they are pursuing their dream, he wants to pursue his. He is starting his own business called Jorge's Tour-ges and says he is going to miss them all but can't go before they meet the new bartender, it is Wells from last year. He is not there for dates or steal girls but to strictly bar tend. Chris says for the first time ever, the ladies will be handing out roses on week 1 and men are on the chopping block.
The guys sit together and talk about who they would go with if they got a date card. Some girls love that they have the power this week, while others hate it. Taylor feels kind of screwed because she thinks Derek likes her and she kinda think she likes him too as they hang out at the fire on the beach. Danielle says if she gets a date card she would probably ask Dean.
Kristina is told to choose someone who will sweep her off her feet. She says its scary to get the first date card and she calls Dean over as the men hoot and holler. Danielle is a bit miffed because Kristina hadn't spoken to Dean all night. Dean is pumped because he thinks she is a sweetheart. Danielle mopes at the bar talking to Wells, who she has known for years; he encourages her saying she may get a cool boyfriend out of the deal and he might be there in Mexico.
Tonight, everybody is getting to know each other at a rapid rate, the girls and guys are great and Matt feels there will be some great connections made in paradise. Iggy spent the majority of the day with Lacey, which is what he expected. He says she seems sweet but didn't know anything about her before they got there; he feels they have great chemistry. Iggy says he wants to make his time count and if he likes someone he is going to make the effort; she agrees and they sweetly kiss; she likes that he is chasing her and not the other way around.
Dean and Kristina go on their first date and she wants to see where it goes. He says he is super excited and thanks her for picking him. He tells her that Nick is an idiot because she is amazing. She says its okay because you can't force something that isn't there. He says she is the first person he can empathize about a rough childhood, and loves that they got along so well; their dinner is interrupted by a Mariachi band and they dance together as well. He doesn't want the night to end, she is easy to talk to and makes him smile. Kristina admits on this first date she already feels more chemistry with Dean than she did with Nick and is excited what this summer can be.
Nick attempts to talk to Jasmine but he is so drunk she can't understand him, he kisses her cheek as she says tomorrow they will see but right now she can't handle how hammered he is. Matt says with Nick as drunk as he is, it doesn't seem like him and Jasmine are really connecting, she he takes Jasmine for a walk to the beach where they can talk privately. She likes that Matt is himself and not trying to be a character.
Nick talks to Taylor talk about Jas catching his eye; he likes how straight forward she is but Taylor thinks he tried pretty hard with Jasmine but it didn't work and now Jasmine is in the hot tub making out with Matt. Taylor feels bad for Nick but that's how paradise works.
The following morning, Demario says he feels rejuvenated as Iggy says its interesting to see early relationships form as you can see people gravitate to each other immediately. Dean and Kristina has a date last night and that's a bond already forming. Nick had a hard time with Jasmine and she ended up with Matt towards the end of the night. Ben Z is into Raven, and Demario and Corinne had a good time together earlier in the day and he spent the night with Lacey yesterday. Since the girls have the power this week, the guys are already thinking about who is going home.
Lacey joins Iggy on the beach, saying she didn't sleep well since she had an irrational fear there were crabs in the bed. She got a call that her grandfather passed away and she is leaving but wanted him to know that she wasn't just leaving. He says it sucks but he understands. He hugs her and offers his condolences and says he will try to stick around until she comes back. She cries that she wishes she had a boyfriend right now and hopes she doesn't come back and everyone is in a relationship.
Iggy shares with everyone that they didn't break up, she had to leave because her grandfather died. Iggy isn't sure he's getting a rose tonight and talks to some of the guys because with Lacey gone there is one less rose to win and he hopes no other guys come because as it stands 4 guys go home already.
Robby, 28 from JoJo's season arrives and is welcomed by Chris and says he spent the past year with some personal growth. Chris hands him a date card and says its possible for him to leave these gates an engaged man. The guys are worried that the ratio of guys to girls really isn't good at this point as its 12 guys to 8 girls.
Robby says he has the date card which says find a person you like and get ready for your first date! He talks to Corinne first, who says she has faith in him; then he spends time quickly chatting to the other women; all of them wonder how he gets his hair to stay like that. Raven and Robby seem to hit it off and says he is excited he got to meet her and it was a hot minute. Robby chooses Raven for his date card and she accepts it.
Robby admits it was hard for him not to pack his bow ties, pocket squares and lapel pins but he brought a bathing suit for every day with different patterns on each and doesn't think he will disappoint in paradise. He hopes this date is a well-rounded day to get to know Raven. Danielle tells Jack she is looking for a husband and he says she sends off good vibes and energy. She likes talking to Jack but can't tell if he is interested in her or not.
Raven says her Spanish is really bad, she isn't feeling really well but says she is going to power through it. Robby helps her put on her life jacket and they go jet skiing; he thoroughly enjoys that she is bear hugging him. He is very attracted to Raven and says there is nothing more that needs to be said.
Ben is determined to have a one-on-one with Raven as soon as she gets back saying a lot of people are intimidated by Robby because he has abs and beautiful white teeth. Ben says he is going to take a chance and is the polar opposite of Robby where he'd prefer to have a beer and barbecue while Robby seems like a wine spritzer on the beach kind of guy.
Robby says Raven is a very attractive girl and has an attractive voice which is his weakness; the Southern drawl pulls at his heart strings. She says she wants a big family with the huge holidays where she is having a nervous breakdown as all the kids are running around. Robby loves their chemistry and sees similarity between the two of them and if they are on the same page than what a better way to start their relationship; they run hand in hand into the ocean and kiss in the waves.
Some of the others are playing volleyball on the beach and Demario says he wants to get to know Alexis more as she is like one of his homies. He would love to get to know her more because he is looking for love.
Robby and Raven return and share that they had a good time, the date was fun and went jet skiing. The guys talk about it and he says it was a good start while Raven tells the girls it was a lot of fun. Raven says he is a very nice guy but doesn't have any spark with him.
Raven says she can't go on another date with someone who has prettier hair, skin and abs than her. The girls laugh when he says he is an influencer and says she will take a drink every time he brushes his hair. She says its not going to work because he's prettier than her but isn't sure he understands what she's feeling.
Jasmine and Matt are having a drink at the bar but Nick feels this isn't going to change his game plan and would like to receive Jasmine's rose. He says he has something planned to see how it goes tonight; he thinks he found a real connection with her and calls her over to join him. They lay down beside each other and tells her exactly how he feels about her, just when he thinks they have a moment another date card arrives.
"Matt, pick your queen!" He asks Jasmine and she accepts but Nick doesn't feel good about it. He feels if she has a good time with Matt there is a good possibility that St. Nick is going home. Matt and Jasmine go to Puerto Vallarta, they walk arm in arm and she doesn't know what to do on a private date in this "world"; she hopes Matt can let loose because he's a bit reserved.
Matt and Jasmine's date is at a Drag Bar, its a little different and says he is in the construction business and this isn't where he takes clients for lunch but he is curious if they could have a good time and he has a sense its going to be a lot of fun. Jasmine volunteers Matt to join the act and says if he gets in trouble to smack him and choker him too. He says Jasmine is worth going all in for. When he comes out in a pink gown, red heels, make-up and hair, Jasmine stands up and cheers and he had a great time.
Nick is stung by Matt asking out Jasmine and her accepting his date card but all he can do is hope that when she comes back she has a stronger connection with him than with Matt but Adam feels Santa did not get his wish today.
Jasmine said she was so proud of Matt and that it took a lot of balls for him to dress in drag. He says he wants to seize the moment and she kisses him saying the date was so much fun and didn't expect it to be that amazing. She wants what she feels right now to continue; never thinking she would fall for the penguin guy.
The guys and girls walk to the first rose ceremony; and Raven says to bring it on. Several couples are kissing and some have solidified who they would give a rose to but producers arrive and ask if they can steal Corinne for a minute. Demario is then called by producers, saying they need to talk in private.
No one knows what the problem is but realize both Corinne and Demario were pulled away and the cameras are told to cut and put their cameras down. Suddenly they look around and there is no crew and its awfully quiet; everyone is very confused. Production has come to a halt and everyone is chilled by the unknown.
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Bachelor in Paradise Recap – Josh Fights Nick – Twins Quit and Go Home – Season 3 Episode 5A
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Varianti
Maschili
Alterati: Armandino
Femminili: Armanda
Alterati: Armandina

Origine e diffusione
Si tratta di un adattamento del francese Armand, a sua volta discendente dal nome germanico Hariman, equivalente all'italiano Ermanno (composto quindi dalle radici germaniche hari, "esercito", "popolo in armi", e mann, "uomo").

In Italia, dove gode di buona diffusione su tutto il territorio nazionale, è stato adottato durante il XIX secolo, ed ha beneficiato, nel secolo seguente, della popolarità del romanzo di Alexandre Dumas figlio La signora delle camelie, il cui protagonista maschile si chiama Armand Duval. Ulteriore prestigio al nome venne dopo la prima guerra mondiale, grazie alla fama di Armando Diaz, il generale che arrestò l'offensiva austriaca dopo Caporetto e guidò l'esercito nella battaglia di Vittorio Veneto. Oltre che in italiano, è in uso anche in spagnolo e portoghese.

Onomastico
Nessun santo ha mai portato il nome Armando, che quindi è adespota. L'onomastico si può festeggiare il 1º novembre, giorno di Ognissanti, oppure lo stesso giorno di Ermanno, a cui corrisponde, o anche in memoria di uno dei beati così chiamati: Armando da Zierikzee, commemorato l'8 giugno, e Armando Óscar Valdés, monaco, uno dei martiri della guerra civile spagnola.

Persone

Armando di Borbone-Conti, principe di Conti
Armando Bandini, attore e doppiatore italiano
Armando Boetto, aviatore e ufficiale italiano
Armando Borghi, politico, anarchico e giornalista italiano
Armando Brasini, architetto italiano
Armando Cossutta, politico e partigiano italiano
Armando Diaz, generale italiano
Armando Falconi, attore e comico italiano
Armando Fragna, musicista e compositore italiano
Armando Francioli, attore italiano
Armando Girotti, filosofo italiano
Armando Izzo, partigiano e politico italiano
Armando Izzo, calciatore italiano
Armando Madonna, calciatore e allenatore di calcio italiano
Diego Armando Maradona, calciatore e allenatore di calcio argentino
Armando Massarenti, filosofo ed epistemologo italiano
Armando Miranda, calciatore brasiliano
Armando Picchi, calciatore e allenatore di calcio italiano
Armando Sciascia,  violinista, arrangiatore, direttore d'orchestra e compositore italiano
Armando Stula, cantante, attore e pittore italiano
Armando Testa, pubblicitario, disegnatore, animatore e pittore italiano
Armando Trovajoli, pianista, compositore e direttore d'orchestra italiano

Variante Armand

Armand Assante, attore statunitense
Armand Fallières, politico francese
Armand Peugeot, imprenditore francese
Armand Salacrou, drammaturgo francese

Il nome nelle arti
"L'Armando" è una canzone del 1964 scritta da Dario Fo e cantatata da Enzo Jannacci.
Armando Dippet è un personaggio minore della saga di Harry Potter.
Armando è il padrone della Pimpa, personaggio di un cartone animato ideato da Altan.

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Prenomi di origine germanica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Featuring a slim, premium design, the Konka R8A is a budget smartphone that looks a lot more expensive than it actually is.
Like all Konka's smartphones, the Konka R8A is an affordably-priced handset suitable for folks who don't need bleeding-edge features such as professional-grade cameras or AI-powered processors. However, unlike many of its competitors, it's been styled to look a million bucks, despite its low-bucks price.
Looks a lot more expensive than it actually is.
Android 7.0 is a robust and feature-packed operating system.
There's no denying it: the Konka R8A looks incredibly slick for a budget smartphone. Not only does the 5-inch IPS screen stretch from edge to edge with no wasted space given over to bezels, the phone itself is just a svelte 7.7mm thick and weighs only 135g. This makes it considerably lighter and slimmer than your average budget handset. Smooth corners and a metallic finish round out the design, producing a look typically reserved for handsets of a much higher price range.
Beyond the sleek design, the R8A delivers on all the standard features expected of a modern budget smartphone. Screen resolution measures in at 1280 x 720 pixels which, although not Full HD, is adequate for a phone at this price point. There is 16GB of internal storage to play with, and you can expand this by as much as 128GB with a microSD card.
If you like to use your phone as a portable media device, the Konka R8A defies current trends by continuing to include a 3.5mm headphone jack as well as support for wireless headphones via Bluetooth 4.0. It also has an FM radio tuner built in for users who prefer the airwaves to the World Wide Web. For those who don't, support for 4G connectivity as well as Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n networks should provide sufficient entertainment.
Konka's decision to ship the R8A with the Android 7.0 "Nougat" operating system ensures that the phone has plenty of software features. In addition to supporting millions of apps available from the Google Play store, Android 7.0 introduces key features such as the ability to open two apps on the same screen and run them side-by-side, as well as the means to interact with notifications without having to open up their associated apps. The only downside is that Konka has yet to release any updates to later versions of Android for the R8A, so you'll have to stick with Android 7.0 for the time being.
Average camera specs for a budget smartphone, but still sufficient for basic photography.
Beauty mode could be a selling point for selfie lovers.
If style is a driving factor in your smartphone purchase, odds are you'll also want a decent camera for snapping photos while you're out and about. On paper, that's exactly what you'll get with the R8A, as Konka has equipped it with an 8-megapixel (MP) camera at the back and a 5MP camera around the front. Standard specs for a budget smartphone in 2018, but capable enough to produce clear photos under the right conditions.
The phone comes with a few different shooting modes: for selfie lovers, there's a "Beauty" mode that applies facial enhancements on the fly; for overly bright or underlit scenes, there's an HDR mode that adjusts light levels accordingly; and for intrepid explorers, there's a panorama mode that allows you to take wide-angle shots by sweeping your phone from side to side.
The MediaTek MT6737 is a capable budget processor.
1GB of RAM can be a significant bottleneck for many applications.
Given the focus on style, it's a pleasant surprise that the Konka R8A doesn't neglect performance by packing in the solid MediaTek MT6737 quad-core processor. Clocked at 1.25GHz, the low-power chip is a popular component of many budget smartphones, and has proven itself capable of handling basic tasks such as browsing the web and running standard apps without issue. The only catch here is that the R8A comes with just 1GB of RAM, which limits its capacity to multi-task, or run complex apps and 3D games.
The 2,200mAh battery is on the smaller side for these specs.
A full day of battery should be feasible under light use.
As attractive as the R8A's slim design might be, it comes at a slight cost to battery capacity. Most competing budget smartphones of similar specs include 2,400mAh battery power or more, whereas the R8A's battery weighs in at 2,200mAh. That might not seem like a huge difference, but for a power-efficient handset, 200mAh can translate to as much as an hour of battery life.
Konka doesn't provide battery life estimates for the R8A, but we can get a good idea of how long it should last based on other budget handsets with similar specs. The LG K8, for instance, is capable of delivering all-day battery life with its 2,500mAh battery, so it isn't unreasonable to expect the R8A to survive a full day under light use. If you're making lots of calls and watching videos, obviously you'll chew through more battery power than if you're mainly just texting.
If you're after an affordable smartphone that doesn't look cheap, the Konka R8A has you covered.
The Konka R8A is available from online retailers such as Catch and Kogan, as well as stores like Big W, for $149.


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Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency
Dongdong Zhang, Da Hea Seo, Han Seok Choi, Hye Sun Park, Yoon Sok Chung, Sung Kil Lim
Background: Vitamin D deficiency remains common in all age groups and affects skeletal and non-skeletal health. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D homeostasis as a counter regulatory factor. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 synthesis in bone, while fibroblast growth factor 23 suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 intramuscular injection therapy on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations, and several other parameters associated with bone metabolism such as sclerostin, dickkopf-1, and parathyroid hormone. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D injection group (200,000 units) or placebo treatment group. Serum calcium, phosphate, urine calcium/creatinine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were serially measured after treatment. Results: Comparing the vitamin D injection group with the placebo group, no significant changes were observed in serum fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, or dickkopf-1 levels. Serum sclerostin concentrations transiently increased at week 4 in the vitamin D group. However, these elevated levels declined later and there were no statistically significant differences as compared with baseline levels. Conclusion: Serum fibroblast factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were not affected significantly by single intramuscular injection of vitamin D3.
https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451
Parathyroid Hormone
Intramuscular Injections
fibroblast growth factor 23
Zhang, D., Seo, D. H., Choi, H. S., Park, H. S., Chung, Y. S., & Lim, S. K. (2017). Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 32(4), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451
Zhang, Dongdong ; Seo, Da Hea ; Choi, Han Seok ; Park, Hye Sun ; Chung, Yoon Sok ; Lim, Sung Kil. / Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency. In: Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017 ; Vol. 32, No. 4. pp. 451-459.
@article{f183225cfc974b43bd229a6641f40e06,
title = "Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency",
abstract = "Background: Vitamin D deficiency remains common in all age groups and affects skeletal and non-skeletal health. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D homeostasis as a counter regulatory factor. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 synthesis in bone, while fibroblast growth factor 23 suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 intramuscular injection therapy on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations, and several other parameters associated with bone metabolism such as sclerostin, dickkopf-1, and parathyroid hormone. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D injection group (200,000 units) or placebo treatment group. Serum calcium, phosphate, urine calcium/creatinine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were serially measured after treatment. Results: Comparing the vitamin D injection group with the placebo group, no significant changes were observed in serum fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, or dickkopf-1 levels. Serum sclerostin concentrations transiently increased at week 4 in the vitamin D group. However, these elevated levels declined later and there were no statistically significant differences as compared with baseline levels. Conclusion: Serum fibroblast factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were not affected significantly by single intramuscular injection of vitamin D3.",
author = "Dongdong Zhang and Seo, {Da Hea} and Choi, {Han Seok} and Park, {Hye Sun} and Chung, {Yoon Sok} and Lim, {Sung Kil}",
doi = "10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451",
journal = "Endocrinology and Metabolism",
publisher = "Korean Endocrine Society",
Zhang, D, Seo, DH, Choi, HS, Park, HS, Chung, YS & Lim, SK 2017, 'Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency', Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 451-459. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451
Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency. / Zhang, Dongdong; Seo, Da Hea; Choi, Han Seok; Park, Hye Sun; Chung, Yoon Sok; Lim, Sung Kil.
In: Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 32, No. 4, 01.12.2017, p. 451-459.
T1 - Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency
AU - Zhang, Dongdong
AU - Seo, Da Hea
AU - Choi, Han Seok
AU - Park, Hye Sun
AU - Chung, Yoon Sok
AU - Lim, Sung Kil
N2 - Background: Vitamin D deficiency remains common in all age groups and affects skeletal and non-skeletal health. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D homeostasis as a counter regulatory factor. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 synthesis in bone, while fibroblast growth factor 23 suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 intramuscular injection therapy on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations, and several other parameters associated with bone metabolism such as sclerostin, dickkopf-1, and parathyroid hormone. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D injection group (200,000 units) or placebo treatment group. Serum calcium, phosphate, urine calcium/creatinine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were serially measured after treatment. Results: Comparing the vitamin D injection group with the placebo group, no significant changes were observed in serum fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, or dickkopf-1 levels. Serum sclerostin concentrations transiently increased at week 4 in the vitamin D group. However, these elevated levels declined later and there were no statistically significant differences as compared with baseline levels. Conclusion: Serum fibroblast factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were not affected significantly by single intramuscular injection of vitamin D3.
AB - Background: Vitamin D deficiency remains common in all age groups and affects skeletal and non-skeletal health. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a bone-derived hormone that regulates phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D homeostasis as a counter regulatory factor. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 synthesis in bone, while fibroblast growth factor 23 suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in the kidney. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 intramuscular injection therapy on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations, and several other parameters associated with bone metabolism such as sclerostin, dickkopf-1, and parathyroid hormone. Methods: A total of 34 subjects with vitamin D deficiency (defined by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D injection group (200,000 units) or placebo treatment group. Serum calcium, phosphate, urine calcium/creatinine, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were serially measured after treatment. Results: Comparing the vitamin D injection group with the placebo group, no significant changes were observed in serum fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, or dickkopf-1 levels. Serum sclerostin concentrations transiently increased at week 4 in the vitamin D group. However, these elevated levels declined later and there were no statistically significant differences as compared with baseline levels. Conclusion: Serum fibroblast factor 23, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone, and dickkopf-1 levels were not affected significantly by single intramuscular injection of vitamin D3.
U2 - 10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451
DO - 10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451
JO - Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Endocrinology and Metabolism
Zhang D, Seo DH, Choi HS, Park HS, Chung YS, Lim SK. Effects of single Vitamin D3 injection (200,000 units) on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels in subjects with Vitamin D deficiency. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2017 Dec 1;32(4):451-459. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451
10.3803/EnM.2017.32.4.451


How do I set up a vehicle in the Forza Horizon 4?
In the previous article, we briefly introduced the common tasks in Forza Horizon 4. As the game progressed, these things are far from satisfactory. Then, this article will do some work on the vehicles in FH 4. Basic introduction.
Some players who are new to the game are confused about the vehicles in the FH4 and don't know how to choose them. Below, we will start with further explanations from the choice of vehicles.
Completing specific tasks in Forza Horizon 4 rewards some new cars. Some cars can be seen in the store, but some rare cars can only be obtained by unlocking the mission. Don't buy any cars at the beginning of the game. You can speed up the game to unlock better vehicles. After using them to participate in the game, you can make some adjustments or upgrades based on its performance in the game.
Adjustments and upgrades are limited to cars that you really like, otherwise don't spend time on them. Car upgrades are easier than adjustments. Upgrade your car in your garage and the system will show you an upgrade. Your car and overall speed, acceleration, performance, etc. are different. Based on this information, find out which upgrades can make the car better and more useful.
Like real-life cars, the Forza Horizon 4 cars are also divided into manual and automatic, as well as ABS switches. If you are a novice or casual player, it is recommended to use an automatic car and turn on the ABS switch. Although in the game settings, the automatic gear is slower than the manual gear, but the control is very convenient, your ultimate goal is just leisure, so you don't have to consider more professional problems. If you are just curious to understand the difference between manual and automatic in the game, you can read – Manual or Automatic?
In the beginning, it is recommended not to buy a new car. You can improve and balance the existing vehicles through continuous competition, and exercise your driving skills step by step. Otherwise, you will find that you can't control the game at the end of the game. Level cars, they will be like wild horses that are out of control, and they will crash around.
General racing tips, don't hold brake but tap it while letting go of acceleration. It's not all about making cars as fast as possible. Drag races can be set to Unbeatable difficulty with simulation damage etc for double reward as it's not difficult to go Forward fast with the right cars.
The above is the entire content of this article, I hope to help players who are new to Forza Horizon 4.
Previous Post What's new for Forza Horizon 4 and how do players see event updates?
Next Post Forza Horizon 4 Why don't you like Human After All?


text:
Dolly Parton's Smoky Mountain Christmas Carol Reimagines a Holiday Classic
Set in 1930's small-town East Tennessee, Dolly Parton's Smoky Mountain Christmas Carol is a musical romp through the classic A Christmas Carol set to Dolly Parton's music, fitting as Parton grew up in Locust Ridge, Tennessee, nestled against the Great Smoky Mountains.
The two-act tale is a heartwarming holiday journey of that well-loved story, reimagined with Ebenezer Scrooge as the owner of a mining company.
The production has been been adapted by the talented trio of David H. Bell, Paul T. Couch and Curt Wollan for this year's Arts Club's seasonal offering.
As Christmas Eve brings a snowstorm on the sleepy town, the miserly Scrooge eats his bowl of cold oatmeal following a day at work. His caretaker's added some raisins to his "supper", but he's so stingy with his money that he barks at her for including such a frivolous (costly) addition to his supper.
"You haven't earned the right to be happy; you're poor" is a one-liner that really gets to the heart of the matter: Scrooge's (masterfully performed by David M. Adams) greed has made him into a monster, one that the town has grown to hate due to his heartless behaviour.
When he's visited by his deceased business partner (along with three ghosts) that night, he's finally forced to see the error of his ways.
[Andrew Wheeler, David M. Adams]
Carmen Alatorre's functional period costumes bring Shizuka Kai's stark, wooded sets to life. A formidable touch is a wagon wheel mounted high on stage that's brought to life as a ticking clock during Time's A-Passing.
The six-piece band on stage are thoughtfully placed right behind the action by Musical Director/Pianist Ken Cormier.
Watch for the beginning of the second act as the band corrals the audience back into the spirit with their entertaining song and dance. In fact, the production's strength lies in the expert choreography courtesy of Julio Fuentes.
During the numbers, the audience can see how this wonderful cast is brought together via the spirit of dance and music. In spite of the heavy Appalachian snowfall on Christmas Eve, the townsfolk can still find reason to fill their hearts with laughter and joy, as themes of struggle and unity come shining through.
[David M. Adams, Chelsea Rose]
Georgia Acken is adorable as Tiny Tim and performs admirably amongst her grown-up cast with her angelic voice and mature views on life. Chelsea Rose (playing the role of "Woman #2") is a standout for her gorgeous vocal talent.
You'll leave with a big dose of holiday spirit after watching Dolly Parton's Smoky Mountain Christmas Carol. We're counting on it, as the cast received a rousing standing ovation on opening night.
[Madeleine Suddaby, David M. Adams, Synthia Yusuf, Jonathan Winsby]
Directed by Bobby Garcia, Dolly Parton's Smoky Mountain Christmas Carol continues at the Stanley Industrial Alliance Stage through January 2, 2022.
Running time is about two and a half hours including intermission, but if you've hired a babysitter, keep in mind that the show will likely start about a half hour later due to the vax passport line-up (remember to bring an umbrella if it's raining).
Visit the Arts Club online to reserve your seats!
Photos by Moonrider Productions.
Arts Club Theatre Brings Entertaining I, Claudia to the BMO Theatre
Arts Club to Kick off 2021-2022 Season with Dolly Parton's Smoky Mountain Christmas Carol
Arts Club Theatre to Reopen Next Month
This Is Something Else: Consciously Eclectic Histories of the Arts Club Launches as Podcast
Arts Club Theatre to Launch Write From the Wings
Tagged in: 2021, Arts Club Theatre, Bobby Garcia, Charles Dickens, Dolly Parton, musicals, Stanley Industrial Alliance Stage


text:
En tus manos es el quinto álbum de estudio del grupo mexicano de música norteña La Leyenda. Fue lanzado el 13 de noviembre de 2007.

Lista de canciones

Integrantes
Eliseo Robles Jr.
Israel Gutiérrez
Manolo Robles
Aristides Carcaño
Roberto Naranjo

Enlaces externos
Sitio Oficial de La Leyenda
Perfil en allmusic.com
www.sercamusic.com

La Leyenda
Álbumes de 2007


Happy Birthday, HL! Half-Life was released a mere 18 years ago, on November 19, 1998. And we're celebrating with a special stream weekend!
First, Phillip's massive Autumn 12-hour Playathon is tomorrow! He'll be streaming starting at 12pm Central European Time (11am GMT, 6am Eastern US) and running to midnight his time, 11pm GMT and 6pm Eastern US. Phillip hasn't shared exactly what he'll be streaming, but there might be some surprises in there!
Immediately following Phillip's Playathon, I will be playing the original Half-Life. So I expect this stream to start at 12 midnight Central European Time, 11pm GMT, 6pm Eastern US – give or take. It won't be a speedrun, nor will I be especially taking my time. Come watch!
I'm a collector of FPS games. Well, I was until about 5 years ago and then I stopped. When I moved to Spain from London about 15 years ago, I packed all my collection into boxes and put them into the basement meaning to get them out and display them. Alas, that never happened.
For the last few years I have been meaning to explore the boxes and see what I have and FINALLY I did it yesterday!
Below is the video of the livestream "event" and I certainly enjoyed it, as did the people on the stream.
People often expect me to be an expert of all these old games, but the reality is I haven't even played 95% of them. In fact, from the list below I have only played 2!
The video last an hour and consists of me taking a game out of the box and briefly talking about it and checking the net for more information.
I'll do one of these every week or so until I have gone through all my collection. Soon I will have the chat text as part of the video so that should make more sense when I respond to a point raised in the livestream chat.
Last month I broke from the usual and streamed a HalloweenVille Double Feature for The Ville Retrospective. This month we're back to going down the list.
Next up I'll be streaming DefendVille for The Ville Retrospective. The stream will start at 10am EST on Saturday, which is 3pm GMT and 4pm CET time.
Hope to see you there! I'll have a copy of the superb Subnautica to give away too.
31 Comments and 12 recommendations, most say "Play It Later"


text:
Man dies after brawl turns violent at Noida pub; wife alleges foul play
Apr 27, 05:27 AM IST 1 min read
A 30-year-old man died after the deceased Brijesh Kumar Ray was assaulted during a brawl at a pub in Sector 38A on Monday night. Police said that employees of a private firm were partying at the pub when the victim was hit after an argument with the pub staffers over the bill. Additional deputy police commissioner Ranvijay Singh said seven employees of the firm, located in Sector 82, gathered at the Lost Lemons pub for a party.
Two revellers killed, 12 injured after car ploughs into wedding procession
MEERUT A wedding celebration in Meerut's Bafar village turned tragic when a speeding car rammed into a 'baraat' (groom's procession) on Wednesday night, killing two cousins of the groom and injuring 12 others. The injured were admitted to a nearby private hospital. Sisaula Khurd-village resident Prabhakar Choudhary's friends and relatives were dancing outside the banquet hall around 11 pm on Wednesday when the speeding car rammed into the revellers. The other 12 injured are undergoing treatment at the hospital.


Nashville has quickly climbed the charts to one of our favorite cities in the USA. Today we discuss our favorite places to eat, drink, and listen to live music (they have more than just country!) as well as some of our favorite activities and an awesome money saving tip if you're traveling by car!


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Diagram Of Left Knee - June 15, 2018 by luqman.
Post tagged: diagram of back of left knee, diagram of human left knee, diagram of left knee, diagram of left knee joint, diagram of left knee ligaments, diagram of your left knee.
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text:
Who was the first GMO?
Who invented GMO?
How old are GMOs?
When did the first GMO come out?
Who made the first GMO tomato?
What was the first GMO food?
How long has GMO been around?
How did GMO start?
Is all corn GMO?
Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983.
The first genetically modified organism was developed in 1973 by biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen, who inserted DNA from one bacterium into another.
What was the first genetically modified food to hit the shelves?
1994: The first GMO produce created through genetic engineering—a GMO tomato—becomes available for sale after studies evaluated by federal agencies proved it to be as safe as traditionally bred tomatoes.
GM crops have been around for more than 25 years. DNA was discovered in the 1950s, and genetically engineered plants were first field tested in the 1980s, just a few years after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first GMO drug, which was a form of human insulin.
The Birth of Modern Genetic Modification An enormous breakthrough in GMO technology came in 1973, when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen worked together to engineer the first successful genetically engineered (GE) organism [5].
What causes blindness for 500000 children a year what GM crop helps fight this?
An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight, said the WHO report. VAD is a preventable condition that can be remedied by fortifying Vitamin A in food.
Calgene
In 1994, Calgene, a California company, brought the first genetically engineered crop to market, the Flavr Savr tomato. The company's researchers were able to inhibit a gene that produces a protein that makes a tomato get squishy.
Flavr Savr tomato
The first genetically modified food approved for release was the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994. Developed by Calgene, it was engineered to have a longer shelf life by inserting an antisense gene that delayed ripening.
When was the first GMO food?
1980 – First GMO Patent Issued The GMO in question is a bacterium with an appetite for crude oil, ready to gobble up spills.
An enormous breakthrough in GMO technology came in 1973, when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen worked together to engineer the first successful genetically engineered (GE) organism [5]. The two scientists developed a method to very specifically cut out a gene from one organism and paste it into another.
Is Golden Rice Safe?
Golden Rice, the staple food genetically designed to contain beta carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, has been judged safe to eat by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
So, is all corn GMO? Yes, technically all corn on the planet has been modified by human activities – or, put simply, there's no such thing as non-GMO corn – but only around 80% of corn in the US has transgenes inserted by the modern technique of transgenesis.
How do you set gold to zero crime in Skyrim?
Can I use onclick on a tag?


text:
Магоме́д Саварбе́кович Муса́ев () — российский и киргизский борец вольного стиля, серебряный призёр Азиатских игр (2014 и 2018), чемпион (2012) и многократный призёр чемпионатов Азии (2014—2017).

Биография
Участник Олимпийских игр 2012 года (занял 7 место). Отобрался на Олимпийские игры 2016 года в Рио-де-Жанейро. На Олимпиаде 2016 года дошёл до четвертьфинала, где проиграл украинскому борцу Валерию Андрейцеву и занял итоговое 9 место.

Достижения

 Чемпионат Кыргызстана 2019 года — ;
 Кубок Рамзана Кадырова 2015 года — ;
 Кубок Рамзана Кадырова 2011 года — ;
 Турнир «Али Алиев» 2015 года — ;
 Гран-при Париж 2015 года — ;
 Турнир «Александр Медведь» 2014 года — ;
 Турнир «Александр Медведь» 2012 года — ;
 Турнир «Александр Медведь» 2011 года — .

Примечания

Ссылки

Борцы по алфавиту
Спортсмены Ингушетии
Борцы России
Борцы Киргизии
Борцы на летних Олимпийских играх 2012 года
Борцы на летних Олимпийских играх 2016 года
Чемпионы Азии по вольной борьбе


text:
Una letra es cada grafema principal de un alfabeto; también puede referirse a veces a los grafemas de otros sistemas de escritura de tipo fonémico, tales como los silabarios. Como símbolo que denota un segmento de un texto, las letras se vinculan con la fonología. En un alfabeto fonémico puro, un fonema simple es denotado por una letra simple, pero tanto en la historia como en la práctica, las letras, por lo general, representan más de un fonema. Los sistemas de escritura, además de las letras, pueden incluir otros signos, tales como diacríticos o signos de puntuación.

Un par de letras que representan un fonema simple reciben el nombre de dígrafo. Algunos ejemplos de dígrafos en inglés son ch, sh y th; mientras que en español encontramos ch, ll, rr, gu y qu. Un fonema también puede ser representado por tres letras, que reciben el nombre de trígrafo. Un ejemplo de esto último es la combinación sch en alemán (este trígrafo alemán suena de un modo casi equivalente a los dígrafos sh del inglés o al ch del francés y ciertas formas del portugués, o a las letras románicas š o ʂ transcripción de la cirilíca ш).

Las letras también tienen nombres específicos asociados a ellas. Estos nombres pueden diferir con la lengua, el dialecto y la historia. Por ejemplo, la letra z, en inglés, se le conoce como zed, menos en los Estados Unidos, donde se le llama zee.

Las letras, como elementos de los alfabetos, tienen un orden prescrito. Esto, generalmente, se conoce como «orden alfabético», aunque la clasificación alfabética es la ciencia dedicada a la tarea compleja de ordenar y clasificar las letras en los diferentes idiomas. En español, por ejemplo, la ñ es una letra separada en vez de una «n» que necesita de otra «n» para preceder a la ñ en la clasificación alfabética. En inglés, tanto n como ñ son clasificadas como la misma letra mientras que tanto en el italiano normativo y en el idioma francés el fonema que en Idioma castellano se representa con la letra ñ se representa con los dígrafos [gn] y en idioma catalán con el dígrafo [ny] y en portugués con el dígrafo [nh], se debe recordar que la letra ñ típica del español y del Idioma chamorro entre otros, se debió a la pragmática contracción gráfica de dos n: un inferior con la forma original de la n manuscrita y otra n superior gráficamente alargada y aplastada con función de tilde para indicar una nasalización es decir: para ahorrar esfuerzo en las tareas de copiado y colocación de caracteres. Así, la secuencia procedente de la geminada latina «nn» se escribía con una pequeña tilde encima de la ene: «ñ»; tal tilde o virgulilla ~ representaba a una n pequeña y "achatada" cursivamente.

Las letras, además, pueden tener un valor numérico. Este es el caso de los números romanos y las letras de otros sistemas de escritura. En español y en otros idiomas como el inglés, se emplean los numerales arábigos en vez de los romanos. Los signos de cierto sistemas de escritura no son propiamente letras sino que son llamados silabogramas (si describen una sílaba) o logogramas (si reflejan una palabra).

Historia

La creación de las letras se vio precedida por la escritura semítica occidental, que apareció en Canán hacia el año 1000 a. C. Se estima que hay antecedentes en la escritura proto-canita, que se remonta hacia el 1800 a. C. En última instancia, todos los alfabetos tienen sus orígenes en este sistema.

Se da el nombre de letra a cada uno de los sonidos o articulaciones que contribuyen a formar una lengua, y también a los signos o figuras con que dichos sonidos se representan. Según esta definición, debemos considerar en toda letra su forma o figura (escritura) y su sonido (pronunciación). A este sonido, es decir a la letra hablada o pronunciada, se le llama también fonema elemental, la cual se define como la voz con que se modula o articula un sonido simple y determinado.

Tipos de letras

En español y en muchos otros idiomas indoeuropeos se suelen usar dos tipos de letras:
 Letra minúscula, que suele ser la común de la letra cursiva o la letra de uso para palabras genéricas comunes.
 Letra mayúscula, que en la mayoría de los idiomas se aplica al comenzar una frase, aunque solo sea la transcripción de un monosílabo, o al inicio de un texto o al inicio de un discurso transcripto, o para los nombres propios, o siempre en la escritura de origen helénicolatino, al inicio de un texto tras un punto, una excepción a esto se encuentra aún en el idioma alemán el cual aún tras haber adoptado la caligrafía románica o latina usa sin que haya punto previo y en mitad de texto letras mayúsculas para iniciar palabras que tienen la categoría sintáctica de sustantivo. Por otra parte en español, italiano, francés, inglés, etc., las mayúsculas suelen ser usadas en siglas (por ejemplo: Sr., Sra., Mr. , o en otras siglas y acrónimos que son asimismo abreviaturas como EUA, UE o YPF etc.

Los siguientes «alfabetos» (algunos son «abyad») y sus letras se explican en artículos correspondientes:

 Alfabeto árabe: ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, هـ, و, ي

 Alfabeto cirílico: А, Б, В, Г, Ґ, Д, Е, Є, Ж, З, И, І, Ї, Й, К, Л, М, Н, О, П, Р, С, Т, У, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Ю, Я, Ъ, Ь, Ђ, Љ, Њ, Ћ, Џ

 Alfabeto griego: Α, Β, Γ, Δ, Ε, Ζ, Η, Θ, Ι, Κ, Λ, Μ, Ν, Ξ, Ο, Π, Ρ, Σ, Τ, Υ, Φ, Χ, Ψ, Ω.

Por otra parte se denomina técnicamente como tipos de letra a las formas de letra que se usan en tipografía derivadas de los estilos de escritura como la letra capital, la letra uncial, la letra cursiva, la letra magistral, la letra gótica (y los muchísimos derivados de las antemencionadas, como la con serif, sans serif, latina, cursiva inglesa, script, Arial, Times New Roman, la letra estilo Franckfurt, etc.).

Expresiones relacionadas
 Al pie de la letra. Realizar algo siguiendo escrupulosamente las instrucciones.
 Despacito y con buena letra. Se refiere a que hay que proceder con extremo cuidado y precaución.
 La letra con sangre entra. Da a entender que no se ha de escatimar esfuerzos a la hora de aprender, tal frase española es anacrónica y tiene rasgos sádicos, ya que sugiere que la educación (la letra)  se aprende (queda grabada en la memoria)  mediante apremio debido al temor a los castigos.
 Ser una persona de letras. Ser una persona instruida o de conocimientos.

Véase también
 Tipo de letra
 Tipografía
 Abecedario o Alfabeto
 Anexo:Alfabetos derivados del latino
 Signo diacrítico
 Glifo
 Dígrafo
 Trígrafo
 Ortografía

Referencias
 Daniels, Peter T., y William Bright, eds. 1996. The World's Writing Systems. ISBN 0-19-507993-0.
 Powell, Barry B.. 1991. Homer and the Origin of the Greek Alphabet. ISBN 978-0-521-58907-9 | ISBN 0-521-58907-X.

Enlaces externos

Letra (alfabeto)


The Naas CBS sixth years who recorded Jason Mraz's - "I Won't Give Up".
Naas CBS sixth year students have recorded a song to audition for hit show, Britain's Got Talent.
The school recently caused a stir online with their version 'Green Fields of France' to mark 100 years since end of WWI.
The video got over 25,000 views in a matter of days.
Today they released a sneak peek of their audition for Britain's Got Talent, signing a rendition of Jason Mraz's - "I Won't Give Up".
The song was posted on the Naas CBS Music Department's Facebook page this afternoon.


MacFarlane, A. (2007). Pedagogic challenges in Information Retrieval – teaching mathematics to Postgraduate Information Science students. Paper presented at the 1st International Workshop on Teaching and Learning in Information Retrieval (TLIR 2007), 10-01-2007 - 10-01-2007, London, UK.
Understanding of mathematics is needed to underpin the process of search, either explicitly with Exact Match (Boolean logic, adjacency) or implicitly with Best match natural language search. In this paper I outline some pedagogical challenges in teaching mathematics for information retrieval to postgraduate information science students. The aim is to take these challenges either found by experience or in the literature, to identify both theoretical and practical ideas in order to improve the delivery of the material and positively affect the learning of the target audience. Some ideas are put forward to resolve these issues and to promote discussion.