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149Lecture XXI.
(On the Mysteries. III.)
On Chrism.
1 John ii. 20–28
But ye have an unction from the Holy One, &c..…that, when He shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before Him at His coming.
1. Having been baptized into Christ, and put on Christ24152415 Gal. iii. 27., ye have been made conformable to the Son of God; for God having foreordained us unto adoption as sons24162416 Eph. i. 5., made us to be conformed to the body of Christ's glory24172417 Phil. iii. 21.. Having therefore become partakers of Christ24182418 Heb. iii. 14., ye are properly called Christs, and of you God said, Touch not My Christs24192419 Ps. cv. 15., or anointed. Now ye have been made Christs, by receiving the antitype24202420 ἀντίτυπον. Cat. xx. 6; xxiii. 20. Twice in this section as in Heb. ix. 24 (ἀντίτυπα τῶν ἀληθινῶν), ἀντίτυπον is the copy or figure representing the original pattern (τύπος, cf. Acts vii. 44). Otherwise (as in Cat. x. 11; xiii. 19; xxii. 3) τύπος is the figure to be subsequently realised in the antitype. of the Holy Ghost; and all things have been wrought in you by imitation24212421 εἰκονικῶς .…εἰκόνες τοῦ Χριστοῦ., because ye are images of Christ. He washed in the river Jordan, and having imparted of the fragrance24222422 χρώτων, literally "tinctures." The Ben. Ed. writes: "For φώτων we have written χρώτων with Codd. Coisl. Ottob. Roe, Casaub., &c…But we must write χρώτων from χρῶτα, not χρῶτων from χρῶτες. Authors use the word χρῶτα to signify the effluence of an odour. So Gregory of Nyssa takes it in his 3rd Homily on the Song of Songs, p. 512; and S. Maximus in Question 37 on Scripture: 'χρῶτα we say is the godliness (εὐσέβειαν) whereby S. Paul was to the one a savour of life unto life.'…In the Procatechesis, § 15, Cyril calls the waters of Baptism ὑδάτων χριστοφόρων ἐχόντων εὐωδίαν. If however any one prefers the reading φώτων, he may defend himself by the authority of Epiphanius, who in the Exposition of the Faith, c. 15, says that Christ descending into the water gave rather than received,.…illuminating them, and empowering them for a type of what was to be accomplished in Him." According to the Ebionite Gospel of St. Matthew in Epiphanius (Hær. xxx. Ebionitæ. c. 13), when Jesus came up out of the water a great light shone around the place: a tradition to which the Benedictine Editor thinks the reading φώτων may refer. Justin M. (Dialog. c. lxxxviii.): "When Jesus had stepped into the water, a fire was kindled in the Jordan." Otto quotes the legend, as found in Orac. Sibyll. vii. 81–83:—
῞Ος σε Λόγον γέννησε Πατήρ Πνεῦμ᾽ ὄρνιν ἄφηκεν,
᾽Οξὺν ἀπαγγελτῆρα λόγων, Λόγον ὕδασιν ἁγνοῖς
῾Ραίνων, σὸν Βάπτισμα δι᾽ οὗ πυρὸς ἐξεφαάνθης . of His Godhead to the waters, He came up from them; and the Holy Ghost in the fulness of His being24232423 οὐσιώδης ἐπιφοίησις ἐγένετο. The Benedictine Editor understands this phrase as an allusion to the descent of the Holy Ghost on Jesus in a substantial bodily form. So Gregory Nazianzen (Orat xliv. 17), says that the Holy Ghost descended on the Apostles οὐσιωδῶς καὶ σωματικῶς. But Anastasius Sinaita interprets οὐσιωδῶς in this latter passage as meaning "in the essence and reality of His (Divine ) Person:" and this latter sense agreeing with the frequent use of οὐσιωδής by Athanasius is well rendered by Canon Mason (The Relation of Confirmation to Baptism, p. 343, "in the fulness of His being." lighted on Him, like resting upon like24242424 Cf. Greg. Naz. Orat. xxxix: "The Sprit also bears witness to His Godhead, for he comes to that which is like Himself.". And to you in like manner, after you had come up from the pool of the sacred streams, there was given an Unction24252425 Cf. Tertullian, De Baptismo, c. 7: "Exinde egressi de lavacro perungimur benedictâ unctione." It is clear that the Unction mentioned in these passages was conferred at the same time and place as Baptism. Whether it formed part of that Sacrament, or was regarded by Cyril as a separate and independent rite, has been made a matter of controversy. See Index, "Chrism.", the anti-type of that wherewith Christ was anointed; and this is the Holy Ghost; of whom also the blessed Esaias, in his prophecy respecting Him, said in the person of the Lord, The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He hath anointed Me: He hath sent Me to preach glad tidings to the poor24262426 Is. lxi. 1..
2. For Christ was not anointed by men with oil or material ointment, but the Father having before appointed Him to be the Saviour of the whole world, anointed Him with the Holy Ghost, as Peter says, Jesus of Nazareth, whom God anointed with the Holy Ghost24272427 Acts x. 38.. David also the Prophet cried, saying, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever; a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of Thy kingdom; Thou hast loved righteousness and hated iniquity; therefore God even Thy God hath anointed Thee with the oil of gladness above Thy fellows24282428 Ps. xlv. 6, 7.. And as Christ was in reality crucified, and buried, and raised, and you are in Baptism accounted worthy of being crucified, buried, and raised together with Him in a likeness, so is it with the unction also. As He was anointed with an ideal24292429 νοητῷ cannot here be translated "spiritual" because of πνευματίκῆς immediately following. Cf. i. 4, note. oil of gladness, that is, with the Holy Ghost, called oil of gladness, because He is the author of spiritual gladness, so ye were anointed with ointment, having been made partakers and fellows of Christ.
1503. But beware of supposing this to be plain ointment. For as the Bread of the Eucharist, after the invocation of the Holy Ghost, is mere bread no longer24302430 Compare xix. 7; xxiii. 7, 19; and the section on "Eucharist" in the Introduction., but the Body of Christ, so also this holy ointment is no more simple ointment, nor (so to say) common, after invocation, but it is Christ's gift of grace, and, by the advent of the Holy Ghost, is made fit to impart His Divine Nature24312431 Χριστοῦ χάρισμα καὶ Πνεύματος ἁγίου παρουσίᾳ τῆς αὐτοῦ Θεότητος ἐνεργητικὸν γινόμενον. The meaning of this passage seems to have been obscured by divergent views of the order and construction of the words. In the Oxford translation, followed by Dr. Pusey (Real Presence, p. 357), the Chrism is "the gift of Christ, and by the presence of His godhead it causes in us the Holy Ghost." The order of the operations proper to the two Divine Persons seems thus to be inverted.
According to the Benedictine Editor, and Canon Mason (Relation of Confirmation to Baptism, p. 344), it is "Christ's gracious gift, and is made effectual to convey the Holy Ghost by the presence of His own Godhead,"—i.e. apparently, the Godhead of the Holy Ghost conveys the Holy Ghost.
But according to the context "the presence" must be that of the Divine Person who has been invoked, namely the Holy Ghost: and this is clearly expressed in the order of the words Πνεύματος ἁγίου παρουσίᾳ τῆς αὐτοῦ θεότητος ἐνεργητικόν. The connexion of the words Πν. ἁγ. παρουσίᾳ is put beyond doubt by the Invocation in the Liturgy of S. James quoted in Myst. V. 7, note 8. The true meaning thus seems to be that the Chrism is Christ's gift of grace, and imparts His Divine nature by the presence of the Holy Ghost after the Invocation. This meaning is confirmed by the formula given in Apost. Const. vii. 44, for the consecration of the Chrism: "Grant also now that this ointment may be made effectual in the baptized, that the sweet savour of Thy Christ may remain firm and stable in him, and that, having died with Him, he may rise again and live with Him." The Chrism is thus regarded as "the Seal" which confirms the proper benefits of Baptism.. Which ointment is symbolically applied to thy forehead and thy other senses24322432 ἐπὶ μετώπου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων σου αἰσθητηρίων. The forehead may be regarded as representing the sense of touch; or we may translate, according to the idiomatic use of ἄλλος, "thy forehead and thine organs of sense besides." See Winer, Grammar of N.T. Greek, P. III. Sect. lix. 7: Riddell, Digest of Platonic Idioms, § 46.; and while thy body is anointed with the visible ointment, thy soul is sanctified by the Holy and life-giving Spirit.
4. And ye were first anointed on the forehead, that ye might be delivered from the shame, which the first man who transgressed bore about with him everywhere; and that with unveiled face ye might reflect as a mirror the glory of the Lord24332433 2 Cor. iii. 18.. Then on your ears; that ye might receive the ears which are quick to hear the Divine Mysteries, of which Esaias said, The Lord gave me also an ear to hear24342434 Is. l. 4.; and the Lord Jesus in the Gospel, He that hath ears to hear let him hear24352435 Matt. xi. 15.. Then on the nostrils; that receiving the sacred ointment ye may say, We are to God a sweet savour of Christ, in them that are saved24362436 2 Cor. ii. 15.. Afterwards on your breast; that having put on the breast-plate of righteousness, ye may stand against the wiles of the devil24372437 Eph. vi. 14, and 11.. For as Christ after His Baptism, and the visitation of the Holy Ghost, went forth and vanquished the adversary, so likewise ye, after Holy Baptism and the Mystical Chrism, having put on the whole armour of the Holy Ghost, are to stand against the power of the adversary, and vanquish it, saying, I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me24382438 Phil. iv. 13..
5. Having been counted worthy of this Holy Chrism, ye are called Christians, verifying the name also by your new birth. For before you were deemed worthy of this grace, ye had properly no right to this title, but were advancing on your way towards being Christians.
6. Moreover, you should know that in the old Scripture there lies the symbol of this Chrism. For what time Moses imparted to his brother the command of God, and made him High-priest, after bathing in water, he anointed him; and Aaron was called Christ or Anointed, evidently from the typical Chrism. So also the High-priest, in advancing Solomon to the kingdom, anointed him after he had bathed in Gihon24392439 1 Kings i. 39.. To them however these things happened in a figure, but to you not in a figure, but in truth; because ye were truly anointed by the Holy Ghost. Christ is the beginning of your salvation; for He is truly the First-fruit, and ye the mass24402440 Rom. xi. 16.; but if the First-fruit be holy, it is manifest that Its holiness will pass to the mass also.
7. Keep This unspotted: for it shall teach you all things, if it abide in you, as you have just heard declared by the blessed John, discoursing much concerning this Unction24412441 1 John ii. 20: But ye have an unction (χρῖσμα) from the Holy One.. For this holy thing is a spiritual safeguard of the body, and salvation of the soul. Of this the blessed Esaias prophesying of old time said, And on this mountain,—(now he calls the Church a mountain elsewhere also, as when he says, In the last days the mountain of the Lord's house shall be manifest24422442 Is. ii. 2.;)—on this mountain shall the Lord make unto all nations a feast; they shall drink wine, they shall drink gladness, they shall anoint themselves with ointment24432443 Ib. xxv. 6. The Septuagint differs much from the Hebrew, both here and in the following verse. R.V. "And in this mountain shall the Lord of host make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.". And that he may make thee sure, hear what he says of this ointment as being mystical; Deliver all these things to the nations, for the counsel of the Lord is unto all nations24442444 Ib. v. 7. R.V. "And He will destroy in this mountain the face of the covering that is cast over all peoples, and the veil that is spread over all nations.". Having been anointed, therefore, with this holy ointment, keep it unspotted and unblemished in you, pressing forward by good works, and being made well-pleasing to the Captain of your salvation, Christ Jesus, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
2415 Gal. iii. 27.
2416 Eph. i. 5.
2417 Phil. iii. 21.
2418 Heb. iii. 14.
2419 Ps. cv. 15.
2420 ἀντίτυπον. Cat. xx. 6; xxiii. 20. Twice in this section as in Heb. ix. 24 (ἀντίτυπα τῶν ἀληθινῶν), ἀντίτυπον is the copy or figure representing the original pattern (τύπος, cf. Acts vii. 44). Otherwise (as in Cat. x. 11; xiii. 19; xxii. 3) τύπος is the figure to be subsequently realised in the antitype.
2421 εἰκονικῶς .…εἰκόνες τοῦ Χριστοῦ.
2422 χρώτων, literally "tinctures." The Ben. Ed. writes: "For φώτων we have written χρώτων with Codd. Coisl. Ottob. Roe, Casaub., &c…But we must write χρώτων from χρῶτα, not χρῶτων from χρῶτες. Authors use the word χρῶτα to signify the effluence of an odour. So Gregory of Nyssa takes it in his 3rd Homily on the Song of Songs, p. 512; and S. Maximus in Question 37 on Scripture: 'χρῶτα we say is the godliness (εὐσέβειαν) whereby S. Paul was to the one a savour of life unto life.'…In the Procatechesis, § 15, Cyril calls the waters of Baptism ὑδάτων χριστοφόρων ἐχόντων εὐωδίαν. If however any one prefers the reading φώτων, he may defend himself by the authority of Epiphanius, who in the Exposition of the Faith, c. 15, says that Christ descending into the water gave rather than received,.…illuminating them, and empowering them for a type of what was to be accomplished in Him." According to the Ebionite Gospel of St. Matthew in Epiphanius (Hær. xxx. Ebionitæ. c. 13), when Jesus came up out of the water a great light shone around the place: a tradition to which the Benedictine Editor thinks the reading φώτων may refer. Justin M. (Dialog. c. lxxxviii.): "When Jesus had stepped into the water, a fire was kindled in the Jordan." Otto quotes the legend, as found in Orac. Sibyll. vii. 81–83:—
῾Ραίνων, σὸν Βάπτισμα δι᾽ οὗ πυρὸς ἐξεφαάνθης .
2423 οὐσιώδης ἐπιφοίησις ἐγένετο. The Benedictine Editor understands this phrase as an allusion to the descent of the Holy Ghost on Jesus in a substantial bodily form. So Gregory Nazianzen (Orat xliv. 17), says that the Holy Ghost descended on the Apostles οὐσιωδῶς καὶ σωματικῶς. But Anastasius Sinaita interprets οὐσιωδῶς in this latter passage as meaning "in the essence and reality of His (Divine ) Person:" and this latter sense agreeing with the frequent use of οὐσιωδής by Athanasius is well rendered by Canon Mason (The Relation of Confirmation to Baptism, p. 343, "in the fulness of His being."
2424 Cf. Greg. Naz. Orat. xxxix: "The Sprit also bears witness to His Godhead, for he comes to that which is like Himself."
2425 Cf. Tertullian, De Baptismo, c. 7: "Exinde egressi de lavacro perungimur benedictâ unctione." It is clear that the Unction mentioned in these passages was conferred at the same time and place as Baptism. Whether it formed part of that Sacrament, or was regarded by Cyril as a separate and independent rite, has been made a matter of controversy. See Index, "Chrism."
2426 Is. lxi. 1.
2427 Acts x. 38.
2428 Ps. xlv. 6, 7.
2429 νοητῷ cannot here be translated "spiritual" because of πνευματίκῆς immediately following. Cf. i. 4, note.
2430 Compare xix. 7; xxiii. 7, 19; and the section on "Eucharist" in the Introduction.
2431 Χριστοῦ χάρισμα καὶ Πνεύματος ἁγίου παρουσίᾳ τῆς αὐτοῦ Θεότητος ἐνεργητικὸν γινόμενον. The meaning of this passage seems to have been obscured by divergent views of the order and construction of the words. In the Oxford translation, followed by Dr. Pusey (Real Presence, p. 357), the Chrism is "the gift of Christ, and by the presence of His godhead it causes in us the Holy Ghost." The order of the operations proper to the two Divine Persons seems thus to be inverted.
But according to the context "the presence" must be that of the Divine Person who has been invoked, namely the Holy Ghost: and this is clearly expressed in the order of the words Πνεύματος ἁγίου παρουσίᾳ τῆς αὐτοῦ θεότητος ἐνεργητικόν. The connexion of the words Πν. ἁγ. παρουσίᾳ is put beyond doubt by the Invocation in the Liturgy of S. James quoted in Myst. V. 7, note 8. The true meaning thus seems to be that the Chrism is Christ's gift of grace, and imparts His Divine nature by the presence of the Holy Ghost after the Invocation. This meaning is confirmed by the formula given in Apost. Const. vii. 44, for the consecration of the Chrism: "Grant also now that this ointment may be made effectual in the baptized, that the sweet savour of Thy Christ may remain firm and stable in him, and that, having died with Him, he may rise again and live with Him." The Chrism is thus regarded as "the Seal" which confirms the proper benefits of Baptism.
2432 ἐπὶ μετώπου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων σου αἰσθητηρίων. The forehead may be regarded as representing the sense of touch; or we may translate, according to the idiomatic use of ἄλλος, "thy forehead and thine organs of sense besides." See Winer, Grammar of N.T. Greek, P. III. Sect. lix. 7: Riddell, Digest of Platonic Idioms, § 46.
2433 2 Cor. iii. 18.
2434 Is. l. 4.
2435 Matt. xi. 15.
2436 2 Cor. ii. 15.
2437 Eph. vi. 14, and 11.
2438 Phil. iv. 13.
2439 1 Kings i. 39.
2440 Rom. xi. 16.
2441 1 John ii. 20: But ye have an unction (χρῖσμα) from the Holy One.
2442 Is. ii. 2.
2443 Ib. xxv. 6. The Septuagint differs much from the Hebrew, both here and in the following verse. R.V. "And in this mountain shall the Lord of host make unto all people a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined."
2444 Ib. v. 7. R.V. "And He will destroy in this mountain the face of the covering that is cast over all peoples, and the veil that is spread over all nations."


MORRISTOWN, N.J., July 16, 2018 -- Jersey Central Power & Light (JCP&L), a FirstEnergy Corp. (NYSE: FE) subsidiary, recently named Alex Patton vice president of Operations. Previously, Patton was director, Operations Services, for Mon Power, a FirstEnergy subsidiary that provides electric service to about 385,000 customers in West Virginia.
In his new position, Patton is responsible for the operation and maintenance of JCP&L's transmission and distribution systems covering more than 3,200 square-miles of northern and central New Jersey, including line and substation operations, dispatching, engineering, meter reading, forestry and support service. He succeeds Mark Jones, who was recently named regional president of FirstEnergy's Toledo Edison subsidiary.
"Alex has extensive leadership and operational experience in the transmission and distribution areas of our business," said Jim Fakult, president of JCP&L. "His knowledge and skills are a welcome addition to the JCP&L leadership team and will help build on the results we have achieved delivering safe and reliable electric service to our customers."
Patton joined the company in 1987 as an engineer. He was named a supervisor in the Engineering department in 1996. In 1998, Patton became a general manager and worked on the distribution and transmission sides of the business for nearly 15 years. He was promoted to director, Operations Support, at Mon Power in 2012 and named director, Operations Services in 2013.
He earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from West Virginia University.
JCP&L is a subsidiary of FirstEnergy Corp. JCP&L serves 1.1 million customers in the counties of Burlington, Essex, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union and Warren. Follow JCP&L on Twitter @JCP_L, on Facebook at www.facebook.com/JCPandL, or online at www.jcp-l.com.


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【HDMI HD DISPLAY OUTPUT】This upgraded version of the super retro mini-game console has an HDMI HD output, Compatible with all modern TV, PC, and projector monitors with an HDMI port. An HDMI cable is included. Via HDMI Connect allows you to easily enjoy lively and interesting video games on the big screen. (4.49 ft handle cable plus 4.92ft HDMI cable)
【PERFECT HOLIDAY GIFTS】Give this mini retro gaming console a gift to children too, allow your child to experience growing experiences and happiness and enhance communication and feelings with children. It can also be used as a gift to a friend's child too, Share a taste of your happy childhood, play the game together, laugh together, and let the children experience the growth of their parents.
【HEALTH STANDARDS & SAFE DESIGN】Give this super retro game Console that Conforms to health standards. Made of non-toxic, high-quality ABS materials. which are safe for adults and children. The mini-game consoles have a simple design, The game controller provides the user with a firm grip, perfectly fits in kids' hands and prevents the risk of damage and falling.
【CAREFREE CUSTOMER SERVICE 】if you are not satisfied with this Super mini retro game console, or have problems, please contact us directly. our customer service will take care of all quality-related issues, and guarantee you get a perfect mini-game console. This product will enjoy a risk-free exchange or refund within 45 days of receipt.
More information on the super nes mini
Super NES mini is a console that was announced on 10th of December, 2014. It is a handheld game console that was designed for children. It is based on the Nintendo 64 system and has a number of features that are not found on other consoles.
Super NES mini is made from plastic and is about the size of a credit card. It has a screen that is about 2.7 inches wide and is made from a clear plastic. It also has a Joy-Con controller that goes into the handle.
It has a number of features that are not found on other consoles. One of these features is the ability to play games that were developed for the Super NES system. These include games like Super Mario World, Sonic Adventure 2 and The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past.
The other feature is the ability to watch television shows and movies. This is done by using a digital input that is located on the back of the console. This input is also used to play games.
The final feature of Super NES mini is the ability to connect to the internet. This is done by using a digital input that is located on the back of the console. This input is also used to play games.
The console is available for purchase for $39.99.
Buying Guide For Super Nes Mini
When looking to buy a super nes mini, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, the size of the console. Second, the graphics. Third, the price. Finally, the brand.
The size of the super nes mini is important. The console is only able to hold around 150 cartridges, so it is important that it is large enough to hold all of them. Additionally, the graphics should be good enough to enjoy your games without feeling too outdated.
The graphics are also important. The Super NES had some of the best graphics of any console ever made. If you are looking for a console that is going to look good, then you should consider buying one with a good graphics.
The price is also important. It is important to be aware of the price range that the super nes mini is available in. Some consoles are much more expensive than others. It is important to be aware of what the range is so that you can make the best decision for your needs.
Finally, the brand should be considered. Super NES is a well-known brand, so it is important to consider that when choosing a console. Super NES is known for their quality products, so it is important to consider whether or not that is something that you are interested in.
Super NES mini is an 8-bit computer system that is designed for children. It has a number of features that can be enjoyed by children, including a keyboard, a joystick, a screen, and a speaker.
Use the Add to cart button to buy your super nes mini. You'll be able to see if there is a shipping charge or not. You might get a free shipping on the super nes mini. It depends on the product specification. If you don't like the product, you can return the Items shipped from Amazon.com, including Amazon Warehouse, can be returned within 30 days of delivery. You can avail refunds on most products except a few. Also, don't forget to check the warranty information before purchasing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Dirty Details About Hot Israeli Women Revealed
In 2012, a credit-card firm replaced the face of Gila Almagor, a famend theatre actress, with that of a person in its Jerusalem adverts. Honigman, a fashion model, "adjusted" its campaign featuring the model Sendi Bar to show, in Jerusalem, only her torso. That year, posters for the Jerusalem Marathon portrayed only male runners—until public outcry triggered town to add pictures of ladies. Organization of volunteers and advocates who flip progressive beliefs into motion. Inspired by Jewish values, NCJW strives for social justice by bettering the quality of life for ladies, children, and families and by safeguarding individual rights and freedoms.
A PhD scholar on the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, she loves all things historical past and politics. Prior to becoming a member of ISRAEL21c, Naama worked for Israel's main English-language dailies and cutting-edge startups. Born in pre-state Jerusalem in 1939, Yonath accomplished her doctoral studies at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the place she is a leading college member to this present day.
Women's rights advocates say they see a silver lining in the numerous coalition's lack of ideological accord. During that time, there were Jewish activists on social media dedicating their lives to struggle the bombardment of hate and vile rhetoric. Two of those activists seemingly took no days off, working to educate, spread consciousness, and defend Jewish people. Aurora Herman Aurora Herman's family — extra particularly her grandfather, Basil Herman — helped pioneer the state of Israel.
A major motivation for homicide in Israel is violence in opposition to women (including so-called « honor killings » in Muslim families).
The protection of Sara Netanyahu was unfavorable when it was felt that she had overstepped her authority.
In 2016, girls protested that they'd been discriminated against in Holocaust Remembrance Day observance.
Women work in almost all areas of the civil service, yet the basic pyramid construction of high illustration at the lower levels and minimal representation in the top ranks fully applies.
An educator and social activist, Bar-Shalom is the woman responsible for getting hundreds of members of the ultra-Orthodox neighborhood, notably girls, a better education.
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How To Locate Israeli Women On line
Once statehood was achieved, nonetheless, extra traditional nonns dominated the national psyche even when the rhetoric and some fonns of behavior digressed from these nonns. Women worked exterior the house, entered politics, served within the anny, however they were usually confined to « female professions, » girls's organizations, and subordinate duties. Leadership, influence, and dominance in virtually each space remained, certainly stays to this present day, finnly in the palms of men. Hanna Herzog carried out a ground-breaking research this site of the Israeli political context, specializing in ladies office-holders in native jurisdictions from 1950 to 1989. This study was formative in framing the studies and dialogue that followed. Herzog demonstrated various types of exclusion that perpetuated the distinction between the non-public and public sphere and continued to relegate girls to the previous. These included protection of feminine politicians in the women's sections of newspapers, alongside photographs of fashions or recipes, or photos of them of their kitchens or in "feminine" poses.
A marriage ceremony in Israel can happen on any day of the week, except for Shabbat, which begins at sunset on Friday and lasts till sundown on Saturday, as nicely as Jewish non secular holidays. Israel is officially a secular state, though Judaism has a special place in it. This religion guarantees the Jewish character of the state, and that is declared within the primary laws. Therefore, the religiosity of the Israeli residents is encouraged, however not required. Religious Israeli ladies get married earlier than in Western countries. They often get married to little-known or even unfamiliar men and spend their entire lives inside the framework of conventional home and gender restrictions.
What Hot Israeli Women Is – And What it's Maybe not
The National Council of Jewish Women is a volunteer organization that has been at the forefront of social change for over a century. Inspired by the Jewish worth of Tikkun Olam ("healing the world"), NCJW courageously takes a progressive stance on issues such as baby welfare, women's rights, and reproductive freedom. The Equal Rights Law has been closely criticized for retaining the religious courts' unique jurisdiction over marriage and divorce. Jewish non secular law does not view husbands and wives as equal partners, and stresses both gender differentiation and women's dependence on their husbands. WTB additionally advocates for and builds management in women's health rights activism.
The organization additionally manages a tri-lingual well being information website, which features content material from the Hebrew and Arabic diversifications for a growing audience, lots of whom could prefer to seek info anonymously on-line. Israeli ladies have enough confidence and you'll be intimidated at first. However, when an Israeli lady sees your confusion, she will never be ready to take you significantly.
Haya Harareet was an Israeli screenwriter and actress best remembered for her portrayal of Esther in the 1959 spiritual epic film Ben-Hur. Among her works as a screenwriter is the 1967 British drama film Our Mother's House, which was directed by Jack Clayton. She was a world star; she appeared in Israeli, Italian, British, and American movies. One of the highest-paid Israeli fashions, Bar Refaeli topped Maxim's Hot one hundred in 2012 and has labored for GQ and Elle.
Where To Find Out Every thing There's To Learn About Hot Israeli Women In 5 Simple Measures
In 1975, a reform in local government laws designated the place of mayor as the one immediately elected political office . As a end result, the position of mayor gained prestige, competition increased between male candidates and fewer ladies were supported by political parties. Women candidates have since had little success in mayoral elections. Twenty-nine women ran for mayoral slots in 1989, only one was elected; ten women ran in 1993; none were elected; in 2008, one girls was elected as a mayor however only one other lady finished in the high 3 of candidates in any of the other 16 mayoral elections. Women within the Knesset play an important half in shaping authorities responses to a selection of points, notably on the domestic entrance.
On April 11, 2002, the tragedy began after Israeli navy troops hurled tear fuel in her village. Before sunrise, Alsheikh said she awoke to her son, growing sicker from the tear gas. Alsheikh, alongside with her husband and father-in-law, tried to hurry him to the hospital in Bethlehem but have been stopped by Israeli troopers who wouldn't let them via, citing a « navy zone. »

The 2-Minute Rule for Hot ...

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CatBoat neither is a 'shareware' or a 'freeware', this is a valuation version.
You can use it for one to two months.
CatBoat is written with Symantec Think Pascal.
Sources are avaibles on demand tod@multimania.com.
The 'Automatic' frame allows to automate some handle's catamaran.
The 'Vent' (wind) frame allows to set the wind.
The wind is preset to race.
Choose a name or tip a 'new' name in the 'Inscription' frame.
Click on the 'Concurrents' button.
Reset Top Five for this run.
3 minutes allowed to get to the (virtual) start line, between buoy and committy boat.
a gun fire is shot one minute before start.
You have to stand on the right side of the line during the last 30 seconds.
Wrong start recalls are individuals and make the skipper to cross again the start line surrounding the start buoy or the committy boat.
An undone buoy disqualified the skipper.
No penality when an obstacle is touched, but the catamaran stops.


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WHAT REALLY MATTERS!
blog of the CEO of Reperes
17h19 03 December 2013
How to Succeed Marketing to Seniors? The Point of View of Repères
The latest subject addressed by Market Research News concerns the target group of the Seniors, about which the Repères teams have developed substantial expertise.
Below is a transcription of the interview with Yaël Bensoussan (Repères Health) and Ariane Lacas (Repères Quali) conducted by Thierry Semblat
Market Research News - The notion of the "Silver Economy" and of consumer growth being driven more and more by seniors is increasingly being evoked.Do you have any figures that substantiate this?
Yaël Bensoussan:There are a lot of statistics available on the question, but there is one essential determining factor.The fact that we live longer and longer, on average 78 years for men and 85 for women.Even if there are regional differences, the French are gaining an extra three months of life expectancy every year.Since the period of life as a senior is extending, this group is becoming more prevalent.Even if one sticks to a restrictive view of seniors by only taking into account the 65 plus, they represent 17.1% of the population and more than half of them are aged over 75.This prevalence has grown by more than one point in only ten years.In France it is estimated that as from next year the prevalence of the 60 plus will be greater than that of the under 20s!
Two of the big questions concern the definition of what is a senior and the best way of breaking up this population.What's your take on these points?
YB:It's true that the notion varies a great deal depending on the perspective.A top sportsman or sportswoman is a senior from the age of 35 or 40!Taking the health perspective provides a good insight.Apart from specific pathologies (metabolic, oncological, infectious, etc.), people experience a first life stage of good health.During this stage they have illnesses of course but they recover from them and these illnesses only have a small impact on lifestyle and consumption.Then there comes the life stage requiring permanent health care.At this stage people are obliged to take medication for the rest of their lives, care must be delivered on a permanent basis with the need for regular medical analyses.And eventually comes the stage during which other health issues emerge and unavoidably lead to death.
The major break is there, when the issue is "extending" life?
YB:Absolutely.We switch to a relationship which suggests an end through death.This greatly contaminates the use of and the imaginary dimension associated with medicines, which also concern consumer products. The scope of possibilities is reduced, and the relation to time is changed considerably.
From this perspective which segmentation do you feel is most relevant?
YB:Generally we identify three main physiological ages:that of the "young seniors", which could also be referred to as "seniors in transition"; then come the seniors "in their prime"; and lastly, the "ultra-seniors".
Let's start with the young seniors.Who are they and what characterises them?
YB:They are aged between 50 and 60, are still working, and may live with children.They don't live as if they were "old", especially since our society focuses on youthfulness and performance.But there is a tension due to the fact that the body starts to fail (pre-menopause, andropause, etc.), but which is denied in order to postpone implementing the prevention strategies of the healthcare life stage we evoked earlier.This tension provokes the so-called "change of life", the middle-age crisis which manifests itself through a certain number of events.Often there is the need to be seductive again, with a sexual potency that is no longer the same, but which can now be enhanced simply with a medical prescription.
Among this age group there is a sort of denial, which can provide considerable marketing opportunities... Is it this denial that disappears when people reach their "prime"?
YB:Absolutely.This second group of seniors in their prime are aged between 60 and 70/75, typically they are recently retired.The children have left home, and grandchildren are now coming into their lives.This group represents a large proportion of the population because they are the children of the so-called post-war baby-boomers.They are sometimes referred to as the "Happy Boomers", or even "Bohemian Boomers".They often have a high purchasing power having benefitted from a long period of full employment.They are very different from the grandparents of the past:They use the Internet and mobile phones, travel, and have acquired a certain moral freedom.And they refuse to break with social life!
Even when retired, they continue to play an important role in society?
YB:Indeed.They are particularly active in voluntary associations and quite naturally play a pivotal role, either in terms of major social changes or simply within the family by helping their children and their parents at the same time.
In spite of their age, do they still project themselves into the future?
YB:Yes, absolutely.Some of them postpone integrating the healthcare stage mentioned earlier, but the majority of them receive good health care.They are the object of major preventive health plans (flu, cancer, Alzheimer, DMLA...).They are well informed about their health care needs and usually have a rather consumerist approach to health care and health insurance. Their prevalent attitude is to continue as before as long as possible, and to get the most out of life.
At what age does this blissful period end?
YB:On average people shift into the ultra-senior stage after 75, when they become isolated or care is provided by the family or institutions.These ultra-seniors represent 9% of the French population today, and this proportion will continue to grow.This age group can be subjected to degenerative diseases occurring at advanced ages (Alzheimer's) and which naturally raise major public health issues (who will pay and what is the cost for society?).They are very well cared for (in hospital or at home thanks to high quality care) and the prevailing approach in France is to preserve life at all cost whereas other European countries have more restrictive approaches.
The question is relatively vast, but how would you define the main challenges when seeking to successfully target these age groups?
YB:When working with this target you need to think and rethink the product mix as a whole.You must work with the actual product, but also with the packaging, the ergonomics, as well as communication and distribution channels.You also have to ask questions such as whether seniors, depending on the segmentation we mentioned earlier, are going to be able to open packaging easily, or be able to carry the products.There is a need to picture being "in their shoes".If one considers health problems, it's obvious that there is a lot that needs do be done in terms of communication.
Ariane Lacas:In relation to a certain number of physiological disorders, the idea is to see how the taboo might be lifted, which requires having good insights that need to be sublimated so the target can hear the message, and identify with it without any sense of embarrassment.
And in the area of consumer goods?
AL: In these universes, as with that of cosmetics, the question is to know how, given the age factor and the new physiological constraints, a certain number of aspirations to consume and derive enjoyment from consuming may be experienced.There's a great quote from Confucius that sums it up perfectly:"We all have two lives, and the second one starts when we realise we only have one life".This means that when we become aware of our limits and of our mortality we start to live our true life, without the possibilities we used to have but with the need to experience enjoyment and pleasure.This is when a new relationship between aspirations, needs, and possibilities must be decoded for the different categories of products and services.Paradoxically, the stronger the need, the more difficult it is to experience the desire and consume the product.The problem needs to be addressed in terms of a new way of consuming, of proposing new uses in relation with a new imaginary dimension, which takes into account declining physical and sensory faculties.The intention is to continue to offer these people useful products for their enjoyment, especially since they are people who in most cases have a life expectancy of thirty to forty years.It is in the interests of brands to deploy a genuine customer loyalty strategy by creating new areas of trust.
What does this mean for the different segments you mentioned?
AL: The young seniors are a rather new phenomenon in the history of humanity.Many things need to be rethought, especially when it comes to communicating to them.There is a prevalent "anti-age" discourse which this group relates to but which they also tend to ignore.They will be receptive to a new discourse which breaks away from stigmatising or being "anti" but privileges a "positive" and a "together" approach.For the seniors in their prime, we undoubtedly need to redefine a discourse including individuation because they are very individualistic and vitality because of the fear of aging.And there is a need to enhance the pivotal status of this generation which is often a generation of reference.As for the ultra-seniors, they have fewer demands or needs.But they are automatically subject to a form of impotence which generates new needs, especially when dealing with the action of consuming itself, because of declining faculties.The challenge consists of helping them to maintain or recover physical enjoyment, namely by working on the sensory aspects.Working on the sensory aspects of products compensates for physical deficiencies reintroducing enjoyment and the feeling of being alive.
Concerning market research on these senior target groups, what are the principle rules that need to be taken into account?
YB:First it's essential to take into account the stakeholders.Concretely when studying general consumer issues this implies getting the seniors to participate, but it also means implicating the people directly in contact with them day to day (the family, friends, doctors, beauticians or hairdressers, health staff...) as well as the experts and specialists concerned:such as sociologists, psychoanalysts, geriatricians, ergonomists... For health issues it's also a good idea to involve health staff and carers along with the seniors.
And what about the methods for gathering the information?
YB:There are no specific constraints regarding the young seniors, the imperative being to avoid making them feel designated as "seniors".There are also few constraints for those we have defined as seniors in their "prime", on condition they aren't afflicted with incapacitating illnesses.As a group they are outspoken and appreciate being able to express their opinion.Concerning the "ultra-seniors", the constraints are often related to their level of capacity and dependence, bearing in mind that the most dependent are rarely interviewed.There is also the geographical dimension to take into account, with a large proportion of this group living by the sea.Online and telephone interviews are to be discouraged. Interviews at home can work very well, except for institutions which pose a problem because of the need to obtain authorisations.
Contacts : Yaël Bensoussan, Ariane Lacas
Permalink Tags: seniors, silver economy 0 comments
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People power restores energy to North Queensland
JOINT STATEMENT
Premier and Minister for the Arts
The Honourable Annastacia Palaszczuk
Minister for Main Roads, Road Safety and Ports and Minister for Energy, Biofuels and Water Supply
The Honourable Mark Bailey
Energy crews have restored power to all 65,000 customers affected by Tropical Cyclone Debbie in less than two weeks, Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk said today.
The Premier said nine hundred Ergon Energy, Energex, Essential Energy crews and contractors worked tirelessly and at times in difficult conditions, to restore power from the network or generators to get customers and communities back on their feet as quickly as possible.
"This is a remarkable achievement given the damage caused to Ergon's network in the wake of Tropical Cyclone Debbie," Ms Palaszczuk said.
"Community support for Ergon's restoration crews has been significant and I can't thank North Queenslanders enough."
Minister for Energy Mark Bailey said Ergon's outstanding response has also been one of the most hi-tech responses to a disaster event in Australia's history.
"Ergon has built on learnings from previous disaster events and used technology to gather an unprecedented level of data, geospatial visualisation and aerial surveillance mapping for damage assessment to improve its response," he said.
"Ground based damage assessment crews have been backed up by an army of technical support staff sitting at computers assisting with the entire end-to-end response from potential impacts, flood modelling, real-time damage assessments, restorations, data analytics and providing expert advice."
"Real time data and pictures of the network damage area has enabled Ergon's crews to respond and restore power to communities faster."
Minister Assisting the Premier on North Queensland Coralee O'Rourke said the damage caused by Cyclone Debbie was severe.
"The cyclone damaged 650 power poles and brought down 800 powerlines. It also caused extensive damage to the network from the Burdekin south to Sarina and west to Collinsville and Moranbah cutting power to 65,000 customers mostly in the Mackay and The Whitsundays areas which bore the brunt of Debbie's damaging winds," she said.
"I congratulate everyone involved in the restoration effort, it's been an impressive feat."
Ergon will undertake an extensive safety inspection of its network to check for residual damage to ensure public safety.
Media contact: Minister Bailey's office – 0428 079 640


There is a book, written by a man named Gou Honyang, which can be found in all good government-approved bookshops on mainland China – meaning, essentially, that it carries the Communist Party's imprimatur. Low-Carbon Plot was published in 2010, and in it the author alleges that the theory of man-made climate change amounts to a torrent of hogwash. The whole business is a conspiracy got up by Western governments and corporations, he says, to protect their own interests and way of life at the expense of the entire developing world.
It is probable that in the west Gou would be branded a "climate change denier", the charge – suggestive of that most vile of moral perversions, holocaust denial – that is frequently levelled at anyone who dissents from the mainstream orthodoxy on AGW (anthropogenic global warming). But in China even strident environmentalists such as Ma Jin, a former South China Morning Post journalist who is now director of the Beijing-based NGO the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, are given to expressing the view that climate change is rather less of a concern than, say, water pollution.
In recent years, Beijing has made gestures towards amenability on "legally binding" global agreements on carbon checks. That they have been undermined by delaying tactics and obfuscation only points to the reality that any approximation of a coherent Chinese position on climate is likely to be something of a stab in the dark.
The same cannot be said, inter alia, of the European Union. Indeed, of all the tumult and brinksmanship the 27-member bloc has visited on global economic affairs of late, one episode stands out as constituting something of a feat: its dragooning of China, the US and Russia onto the same side in a trade dispute over emissions. Following its decision to force all airlines flying in or out of Europe to pay a carbon tax, in fact, the EU has seen most of the world's powers close ranks in a sort of beachhead assault on the notion.
And on this matter, at least, Beijing's position has been unequivocal. In February an un-named official announced Chinese airlines were banned from paying any such taxes.
The theory of AGW may be afforded a veneration bordering on the religious in parts of the West, then, but in China – where new coal-fired power stations are said to go on line at a rate of one per week – the prosleytisers have made only tentative inroads.Last year, the central government pledged to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced per unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 40 to 45 per cent of 2005 levels by the end of 2020. It is not clear how it intends to achieve this, but, given the Chinese economy's rates of growth, overall emissions in eight years' time would still be significantly greater than now if it did.
Xie Zhenhua, vice chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission is said to be keen on binding commitments, but only after 2020. The government's chief climate negotiator, Su Wei, has let it be known he is of a similar mind. Before the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Durban in December, however, he stipulated that any pact would have to recognise that countries had "common but differentiated responsibilities." In other words, nations including China and India should have the right to continue developing via the engine of cheap carbon-based energy.
"Personally, I think that in the next two or three decades, emissions in China will continue to increase," says Ding Zhongli, vice-president of the Chinese Academy of Science, from Beijing. A geologist who has studied climate records spanning the last 2.6 million years, he is also a renowned sceptic when it comes to the global temperature increases prophesised by the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
One vaulting leap of the imagination down the line from this argument, Gou Honyang's assertion that climate change is a western capitalist conspiracy is interesting, if only for the fact that in the West it tends to be the libertarian right and political conservatives who are quickest to dismiss global warming. That they find common cause with many in Communist China is one irony. Another is that Big Government intervention – the path submitted to be humanity's only available course by those ringing alarm bells in the west – is precisely what Beijing does better than anyone else. It is thinkable, though fanciful, that some day it will realise this and lead some kind of global green revolution. On the other hand, it is equally conceivable that, suspicious of foreign-minted political correctness, it will side with the west's "reactionaries" in the matter.
Richard Lindzen, an atmospheric physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has said that "the consensus [on global warming] was reached before the research had even begun", adding that scientists who question the prevailing wisdom are marginalised and labelled deniers – when in fact they are simply being good scientists. It seems at least plausible that, having stood apart from the formulation of the "consensus", China sees, more plainly, grounds for scepticism which, in the west, are hid from sight.
May vacated his presidency in 2005, but the 452-year-old British learned society – which acts as an advisor to the country's government – continues to castigate sceptic viewpoints and pressure media not to give them coverage.
Worse, there have been reports of intimidation. Ian Plimer, an Australian geologist and the author of the sceptical book Heaven and Earth, has had to endure demonstrations outside his home, while others say colleagues who have doubts remain silent because they fear reprisals or for the security of their jobs.
The dissenters may well have felt some degree of vindication, if not schadenfreude, then, when in November 2009 thousands of emails were hacked from the servers at the climate research unit at the University of East Anglia, in Britain, and made their way into the hands of sceptic bloggers. The most interesting of these involved correspondence among a tight group of academics – all men whose papers have been cited by the IPCC, which every few years publishes "assessment reports" on climate research.
Professor John Christy, whose doctorate Trenberth supervised, is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society best known for his development, along with a colleague, of the first successful satellite temperature recording system. Far from denying that human activity has had an impact on climate, he is nevertheless a critic of those who make catastrophic predictions of global temperature and sea level rises and is deeply suspicious of the IPCC's culture and procedures.
It may be worth recalling that "consensus" has existed in the past among scientists on everything from the benefits of eugenics to stomach ulcers being caused by stress (they're not) and, of course, global cooling. But Christy goes further, suggesting that the oft-cited consensus on climate change is not as significant or as clear-cut as we're constantly being told.
Various reasons have been suggested for man-made global warming becoming established in the popular consciousness as "fact", before, as Richard Lindzen alludes, the theory had even been tested. One is that as the traditional political Left in the west lost its way, something had to take its place. At the same time, environmentalism had snowballed from the 1970s onwards, and warming offered generally anti-capitalist movements – buttressed by sympathetic liberals in the media and academia – a new cause, something to rally against. This ideological dimension may help to explain the factious, emotive nature of climate rhetoric, pace Lord May, perhaps, but it has been of little service to the public: debate, informed or otherwise, tends to be polarised; the shades of grey are crowded out.
THE objectives outlined on chinadialogue.net – "an independent, non-commercial, bilingual website" where "China and the word discuss the environment" – sound perfectly heroic. Founded in London and partly funded by the British government, it has offices in Beijing and San Francisco and is "devoted to the publication of high quality information and debate" and to "direct dialogue".
When it comes to engaging in dialogue about climate scepticism, however, its managing editors prove to be a little less devoted than their mission statement suggests: no sooner is it intimated that "alternative" views on climate might be up for consideration in this article than enquiries are stonewalled.
Perhaps pariah status is no more than the non-believers deserve; but then again, such an attitude might be considered a little ungracious in a country where the non-believers aren't exactly thin on the ground. And not only that: in China even "warmists" afford those shades of grey credence.
Studies of tree ring data conducted by Ding Zhongli's colleague, Liu Yu, show that temperatures around China have been higher at various points over the last 2,500 years. Yu told The South China Morning Post last year that China was experiencing neither its warmest temperatures in history nor its most dramatic climate change: during the Eastern Jin dynasty, for example, mean temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau increased by 0.9 C over 30 years. He also cited archeological records showing that pomegranates – which require much warmer temperatures than northern China experiences today – were used as currency in the north-eastern province of Xinjiang during the same period.
These are the kinds of "inconvenient truths" that get climate sceptics animated and their detractors twitchy. Of all the deviations and incongruities lit upon, though, the early 21st Century temperature standstill alluded to by Yu and in the "Climategate" emails is perhaps the most inconvenient to those demanding drastic action to stop rising temperatures. As confirmed, begrudgingly perhaps, in numerous peer-reviewed studies, including data sets produced by the British Met Office and the Berkeley University Earth Surface Temperature project (BEST) – albeit the latter stands accused by one of its own team of trying to cover up its findings – mean global temperatures stood still between 1998 and at least 2009. All of which means that the basis for global warming over the last 100 years is predicated on just two warming spells: pre-1940 and 1975-98. In-between times, carbon dioxide emissions were still on the rise, but temperatures were not.
Few disagree that there has been an overall warming – in the region of 1 C at most since 1850. But according to John Christy there is no universal agreement as to the quantitative magnitude of AGW relative to other factors.
"There are many studies which show that the climate system is not very sensitive to CO2," he says. "Mine for example have shown far less warming than predicted by the models, a pattern of warming that is inconsistent with model projection and regional trends that are not outside the range of natural variability.
"In terms of global temperature trends, we now have a third of a century of bulk atmospheric temperatures showing a modest 0.13 C per decade rate of rise – less than half that predicted by climate models. In the past 15 years the trend has been close to zero – the period in which warming was expected to have its fastest rate due to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Others point to evidence that while some glaciers may be in retreat, others are not: there has been melting on the West Antarctic ice sheet, for example, but some studies show icepacks on the rest of the continent – the other 90 per cent of it – are growing. And others yet pour cold water on the panic over rising sea levels. According to Nils-Axel Morner, the retired former head of the International Union for Quaternary Research, sea levels have been oscillating close to their present level for the last three centuries.
Meanwhile, some sceptics flatly dismiss the notion of man-made global warming altogether. In an email interview, octogenarian Japanese geophysicist Syun-Ichi Akasofu, who was founding director of the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, says data on sea level changes, glacier retreat, sea ice retreat, ice cores, tree-rings and changes in cosmic-ray intensity indicate simply that the planet is still recovering from what is termed the Little Ice Age, a period of cooling and increased glaciation following the Medieval Warm Period and beginning in about 1550.
WHEN applied to climate change, the precautionary principle – that we should assume the worst-case scenario is a possibility and act accordingly – has the ring of logic to it. But what if, as seems likely, the world simply finds it impossible to reduce its overall dependence on carbon dioxide-emitting fuels within the time frame being urged?
The EU has been making noises about reducing its emissions by 80-90 per cent of their 1990 levels by 2050. Such costly masochism sounds all well and good, but the world's economic development – an energy-intensive process – will demand a large amount of outsourcing of production elsewhere. This being the case, might it be better to do nothing? And if not, then what?
"Numerous calculations show that the impacts of these severe energy-suppression measures would be too small to measure on the climate, but easy to measure in economic harm," Christy says. "Thus in a simple cost to benefit study, we find large costs, but no benefits for carbon dioxide reductions.
Bjorn Lomborg, the Danish environmental economist and author of The Sceptical Environmentalist, has said that the brunt of the costs of reducing global carbon emissions would be borne by developing countries, mainly in terms of having their dreams of economic development thwarted. As he put it in an interview: "Africans ask, 'how can you have a steel industry or a rail network based on solar [energy]?".
Economists forecast a vastly more developed world 100 years hence – one in which poverty has all but been eliminated. This scenario is to a large extent dependent, however, on poorer nations being able to avail themselves of the benefits of cheap energy. For them warmer but richer may seem more appealing than still poor but cooler.
What can't be proven is how much cooler things might be if carbon emissions are successfully reduced. And likewise the scare reports don't take any account of man's ability, proven over millenia, to adapt to whichever circumstances are thrown at him. Research is already being carried out on the viability of geoengineering – a catch-all term for technologies that sequester carbon dioxide or other greenhouses from the atmosphere or cool the planet through solar radiation management – while more resources can and, for reasons quite apart from rising sea levels, probably should be invested in sea and flood defences around the world. After all, the Dutch mastered this aspect of hydraulics in the 16th Century.
Besides the fact that raised carbon dioxide levels have been shown to speed up crop growth – it is a misnomer to call it a "pollutant" – such benefits include the obvious one that in many regions of the world warmer temperatures would be deemed advantageous. Professor Xie Zhenghui, deputy director of the International Centre for Climate and Environmental Sciences in Beijing theorises, for example, that China would do alright under warmer temperatures. "Chinese civilisation has reached its highest points when temperatures have been warmest (such as during the Han and Tang dynasties) and its lowest points when they have cooled," he told The South China Morning Post last year.
Whether or not such thinking reflects the views of Chinese policy makers is a matter for conjecture. But mixed in with the more eccentric viewpoints, it is hard not to be struck by the sense of realism that pervades much of the debate over climate in China.
Protecting the environment is probably one of the most enlightened ideas humanity has had. It just might not be the same thing as trying to stop climate change.
Categories: Other | Tags: AGW, China, climate change, Climategate, Ding Yuhui, Ding Zhongli, European Union, global warming, Gou Honyang, IPCC, John Christy, Kevin Trenberth, Little Ice Age, Lowell Ponte, Nigel Lawson, Su Wei | Permalink.


I've been hard at work on Morepath recently, and I thought I'd give an update. Morepath is your friendly neighborhood Python web framework with super powers.
It just depends on how you register the document.
Morepath can now also automatically decode the string "100" into the int 100 and encode it back again, and this is extensible to other kinds of objects.
Much more about this can be found in the model and linking section in the Morepath documentation.
Views also have had their own powers and capabilities for a while.
Writing a generic view is as easy as writing any view in Morepath. You can extend view matching with new predicates, and composing views programmatically is as easy as calling request.view().
What's new are the docs. Read much more about views.
There are so many web frameworks, why should you even consider Morepath? I attempted to give a bit of background on how Morepath is the same and how it is different, and why, in the Comparison with other Web Frameworks document.
Even a little bit of feedback can be enormously helpful to me, so I invite everybody again to leave a comment, drop me a mail, or join us on the tiny but growing #morepath IRC channel on freenode!
Join the Morepath in the early days and gain "I was there at the time" bragging rights!


text:
Consumer Council response to DRD on the Regional Transportation Strategy 2011
The Consumer Council's Guide to Public Transport for Young People
Consumer Council for Northern Ireland response to HM Treasury consultation on the Reform of Air Pass
The Consumer Council launches the young people's guide to public transport
The Consumer Council, along with YouthAction NI and Translink, have produced an informative guide to public transport for young people which shows how they can save on the cost of public transport.
Consumer Council welcomes opportunity to present evidence to Northern Ireland Affairs Committee inqu
The Consumer Council brought the voice of consumers to the Northern Ireland Affairs Committee (NIAC) in Westminster today
No let up in the rising cost of motoring for Northern Ireland drivers
Reports that the cost of motoring continues to escalate will come as no shock to Northern Ireland (NI) consumers, who face some of the highest fuel costs along with the highest cost for insurance anywhere in the UK.
Relief for public transport passengers as Translink holds fares
Translink's announcement to hold its current fare levels will come as a relief to Northern Ireland consumers who have had to endure cost of living increases during 2011, but improvements are needed to encourage people onto public transport.
Consumer Council welcomes Northern Ireland Affairs Committee inquiry into Air Passenger Duty
The Northern Ireland Affairs Committee has announced its intention to conduct an inquiry into the issue of Air Passenger Duty (APD) and how this impacts on Northern Ireland (NI) consumers. A review of APD is currently out for consultation by HM Treasury(1).
AIR PASSENGERS: KNOW YOUR RIGHTS ABOUT INDUSTRIAL ACTION
The Consumer Council has issued an Industrial Action factsheet for air passengers who could be affected by Aer Lingus industrial action due to commence tomorrow (Tuesday, 7 June 2011).
(-) Jun 2011
(-) Jun 2011 (9)


The mission of Take Stock in Children Palm Beach County is to passionately promote self-worth, personal responsibility and academic success for qualified, financially at risk students in Palm Beach County by providing a unique set of resources which includes mentors, college readiness and a guaranteed post-secondary full-tuition college scholarship. With the support of our sponsors we can provide mentors, scholarships and hope to Florida's youth. Take Stock in Children was established in 1995 as a non-profit organization in Florida that provides a unique opportunity for deserving low-income youth/students, many from minority families, to escape the cycle of poverty through education. We offer our students college scholarships, caring volunteer mentors and hope for a better life. Our comprehensive services start in middle school, continue through high school and include their transition into college.
Updates & College Successes: # 2 player on Palm Beach Atlantic University Women's Golf Team, 3.2 GPA, Interned with Els for Autism, Interned with The First Tee and is on pace to graduate in May 2019!
Degrees/Certifications Earned or Wanted: Earned the rank of Lance Corporal (Lcpl) and her MOS (Job) is Field Radio Operator. She is stationed in 29 Palms, CA. Her unit is 3rd LAR Bn (Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion).
Career Plans: Her plans are to get out of the Marines and move back to Florida to study at the Maltz Theater in Jupiter.
Updates and Successes: Extremely involved in school and extracurricular activities. Completed 150 community service hours. Was Vice-President of the Theater Department and was involved in chorus. In her spare time Kristen enjoys playing golf and works at The First Tee, where she enjoys coaching younger golfers.
Major/Minor (Field of Study): Fashion & Retail, Political Science, and Social Impact.
Degrees/Certifications Earned or Wanted: Double Major in Fashion & Retail and Political Science. Minor in Social Impact.
Career Plans: She also opened her own Social Enterprise business which is called "It's Her Business". She will graduate in Spring 2019.
Updates and Successes:Dean's List for my Academic Performance. She also works part-time as the social media assistant for the university. She has received several leadership and academic fulfillment awards. She is a member of the presidential honor society and is a leader and president to approximately seven organizations and a member to more. She was recently selected to be a part of a social impact program called Ambassador Corp. She recently spent some time in Rwanda, Africa working with women who went through the Genocide.
Note: I would like to thank you immensely for your generous gift. Because of your gratitude, I am able to attend a university stress free when it comes to finances (unfortunately stress is still a burden when it comes to assignments). I don't know how to thank you enough. You have given me hope to a better, brighter future. I promise to use this awarded money to the best of my abilities. I was recently invited into a three year program, where I can acquire my masters in four years without changing the cost of my tuition. I will continue to work hard and maintain my 4.0. My biggest hope is that the association can see that they invested their money into a wonderful program where lives are being changed. Thanks again for changing mine.
Updates and Successes: Ahmed graduated high school early and has applying to several schools.
Career Plans: Tricah would like to go to med school to become an Anesthesiologist. This has been her dream ever since she was a young girl. She is very grateful and appreciative for opportunity she was given to attend college on a scholarship. She will continue to work extremely hard to achieve her dream and wants to be successful for herself and her family.
Career Plans: After college, I plan on teaching High School English, then eventually becoming a college professor.
Updates and Successes: De'Asia earned her Bachelor of Science from Florida Gulf Coast University in August 2018. During her time in college she was able to work as a guest teacher for Lee County for three years. In this field she was able to get experience in the career that she loves, teaching. In her senior year she worked with The Literacy Council of Gulf Coast, teaching immigrants and citizens the English language. She also had the pleasure of working with The Quality Life Center of Southwest Florida. This non-profit organization provides the youth in the surrounding community a haven to learn and explore many different things that they aren't shown in the public schools. She received an award for serving on executive boards for multiple community service-based organizations. She was the chartering Parliamentarian for SISTUHS, Inc, the Treasurer and Marketing Manager for Girls Inspiring Girls. She was also the Community Outreach chair for SoulFlowers and was a general body member of NAACP. De'Asia is currently pursuing her long-awaited career in teaching. She is currently a fourth-grade teacher for the School District of Palm Beach County, who specializes in reading and writing. Thanks to your generous donations, she can make an impact on the future as she always dreamed of doing!
Note: I'd love to take the time to write a small thank you note to those who are making my future goals reachable. Honestly, I have loved my college journey so far. It's opened my mind to a lot of things, it's opened up my heart and my imagination. This journey is definitely something I'll remember my whole life and it would not be possible without you. I thank you for helping not only me out, but everyone you've helped financially so they can better their lives. I believe in karma and blessings and you have good things coming your way if it hasn't come already. Once again, thank you so much!
Updates and Successes: GPA is 3.28 and his HPA is 3.81, earned 122 community service hours !
Career Plans: College choices: UF, FSU, or UCF.
Updates and Successes: She is a focused, dedicated student as evidenced by her GPA of 3.54 and her HPA of 4.14. She is not only enrolled in AICE and Honors classes, but she is currently enrolled at Palm Beach State College, taking a College Algebra course. She runs cross country track while also working part time at Publix.
Updates and Successes: GPA of 3.77 and HPA of 4.43. He is enrolled in AICE, Advanced and Honors classes. He has a part time job at Pollo Tropical. He currently has 98 Community Service Hours to his credit.


text:
The 5 Biggest Transfers in the Bundesliga
By Sean Ng
In the German Bundesliga, the big transfers this season have been big! Here are some of the biggest moves so far.
Both clubs revealed the transfer on Saturday.
Keri Calhanoglu need to therefore receive game practice at the SVS up until the end of the season.
Both clubs agreed quiet about the other modalities of the loan.
We are convinced that Keri will assist routine play in the 2nd Bundesliga to take the next development step, stated Schalke's board member in a club statement.
The 20-year-old, who was used 3 times in the Bundesliga this season and also played eleven video games for the junior varsity in the local league, has had the royal blue jersey since September 2020.
He got into the second league 10 times last season.
Formerly, the cousin of Inter Milan Hakan Calhanoglu was trained at TSG Cofferdam.
The left-back also completed 22 games for selection teams of the DFB.
At SV Tannhauser, who hibernates in the last place in the 2nd Bundesliga after the first half of the season, but only has one point behind the saving bank, you look forward to a young boy from the region, as SVS head coach Alois Schwartz about the native
Mannheimer states.
With Keri we get a gamer who can fill many positions on both the left and at the head office. I make sure that all 3 sides can take advantage of the loan.
I have actually planned to make the class with SV Tannhauser. Even if I am a loan player, I will give whatever for the club on the square, the contractually bound Calhanoglu, who will receive the number 20, on.
For the Palatinate, he is the second new winter access to Franck Dvina, whom the Tannhauser from Hanover 96 guided to the Hardware.
2nd bundesligaam loanassist routinesome ofsportswho hibernates
5 Reasons Why Dennis Schröder Could Be A Good Player in the NBA
5 Things You Need To Know From The Biathlon World Cup Weekend


'Gold' explores huge themes including love, ambition, duty and loss against a background of Olympic cycling. The novel really worked for me as I both believed in and cared about Zoe, Sophie, Jack, Kate and Tom and their dilemmas. Interestingly opinion on Amazon is really polarised. I do urge you to read it and make up your own mind.
This is a fun fantasy novel. The heroine Babylon has a past; as a God and an Avatar on a different planet from which she had to flee. Now she runs a brothel on Scalentine where a mixture of races and species live in harmony. But Babylon's past is now catching up with her and she must return to settle old scores. The writing is lively and the descriptions of the creations brilliantly imaginative. Worth trying for something totally different.
If you are a connoisseur of spam emails and internet adverts, like to read 'belle de jour' type sexploits, have a broad vocabulary and an interest in modern art and artists, then this is the book for you. It is all delivered with wicked humour and a happy disregard for all the usual conventions of the novel. Prepare to be shocked, titillated, amused or confused depending on your tastes and your previous encounters with 'abstract literature'.
Am I gay? Am I not? Can I be? All David's questions are answered in this funny yet gritty novel. The Summer of Love has well and truly passed and David is having to come to terms with his sexuality in hard-nosed, homophobic and racist 70s' Britain. I didn't think I could read a novel that dealt with being gay in such an open, funny and at times realistic way. My favourite character? Aunty Val - she is me and I am her. Fabulous book.
A sunny day, a sumptuous picnic and a pretty girl in a yellow dress spell disaster for a young undertaker when he makes a proposal of marriage he instantly regrets. The 1920's rural Welsh setting and a cast of engaging characters combine to suggest a confection of quaintness and charm. And although the plot is driven by the discovery of a dark secret, it is handled with great sensitivity and lightness of touch. A memorable read.