text:
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import org.rlcommunity.rlglue.codec.AgentInterface;
import org.rlcommunity.rlglue.codec.types.Action;
import org.rlcommunity.rlglue.codec.types.Observation;
import org.rlcommunity.rlglue.codec.util.AgentLoader;
import org.rlcommunity.rlglue.codec.taskspec.TaskSpec;

/**
This is a very simple Sarsa agent for discrete-action, discrete-state
environments.  It uses epsilon-greedy exploration.

We've made a decision to store the previous action and observation in
their raw form, as structures.  This code could be simplified and you
could store them just as ints.
 * @author Brian Tanner
 */
public class SampleSarsaAgent implements AgentInterface {

    private Random randGenerator = new Random();
    private Action lastAction;
    private Observation lastObservation;
    private double[][] valueFunction = null;
    private double sarsa_stepsize = 0.1;
    private double sarsa_epsilon = 0.1;
    private double sarsa_gamma = 1.0;
    private int numActions = 0;
    private int numStates = 0;
    private boolean policyFrozen = false;
    private boolean exploringFrozen = false;

    /**
     * Parse the task spec, make sure it is only 1 integer observation and
     * action, and then allocate the valueFunction.
     *
     * @param taskSpecification
     */
    public void agent_init(String taskSpecification) {
        TaskSpec theTaskSpec = new TaskSpec(taskSpecification);

        /* Lots of assertions to make sure that we can handle this problem.  */
        assert (theTaskSpec.getNumDiscreteObsDims() == 1);
        assert (theTaskSpec.getNumContinuousObsDims() == 0);
        assert (!theTaskSpec.getDiscreteObservationRange(0).hasSpecialMinStatus());
        assert (!theTaskSpec.getDiscreteObservationRange(0).hasSpecialMaxStatus());
        numStates = theTaskSpec.getDiscreteObservationRange(0).getMax() + 1;

        assert (theTaskSpec.getNumDiscreteActionDims() == 1);
        assert (theTaskSpec.getNumContinuousActionDims() == 0);
        assert (!theTaskSpec.getDiscreteActionRange(0).hasSpecialMinStatus());
        assert (!theTaskSpec.getDiscreteActionRange(0).hasSpecialMaxStatus());
        numActions = theTaskSpec.getDiscreteActionRange(0).getMax() + 1;

        sarsa_gamma=theTaskSpec.getDiscountFactor();

        valueFunction = new double[numActions][numStates];

    }

    /**
     * Choose an action e-greedily from the value function and store the action
     * and observation.
     * @param observation
     * @return
     */
    public Action agent_start(Observation observation) {
        int newActionInt = egreedy(observation.getInt(0));

        /**
         * Create a structure to hold 1 integer action
         * and set the value
         */
        Action returnAction = new Action(1, 0, 0);
        returnAction.intArray[0] = newActionInt;

        lastAction = returnAction.duplicate();
        lastObservation = observation.duplicate();

        return returnAction;
    }

    /**
     * Choose an action e-greedily from the value function and store the action
     * and observation.  Update the valueFunction entry for the last
     * state,action pair.
     * @param reward
     * @param observation
     * @return
     */
    public Action agent_step(double reward, Observation observation) {
        int newStateInt = observation.getInt(0);
        int lastStateInt = lastObservation.getInt(0);
        int lastActionInt = lastAction.getInt(0);

        int newActionInt = egreedy(newStateInt);

        double Q_sa = valueFunction[lastActionInt][lastStateInt];
        double Q_sprime_aprime = valueFunction[newActionInt][newStateInt];

        double new_Q_sa = Q_sa + sarsa_stepsize * (reward + sarsa_gamma * Q_sprime_aprime - Q_sa);
        /*	Only update the value function if the policy is not frozen */
        if (!policyFrozen) {
            valueFunction[lastActionInt][lastStateInt] = new_Q_sa;
        }

        /* Creating the action a different way to showcase variety */
        Action returnAction = new Action();
        returnAction.intArray = new int[]{newActionInt};

        lastAction = returnAction.duplicate();
        lastObservation = observation.duplicate();

        return returnAction;
    }

    /**
     * The episode is over, learn from the last reward that was received.
     * @param reward
     */
    public void agent_end(double reward) {
        int lastStateInt = lastObservation.getInt(0);
        int lastActionInt = lastAction.getInt(0);

        double Q_sa = valueFunction[lastActionInt][lastStateInt];
        double new_Q_sa = Q_sa + sarsa_stepsize * (reward - Q_sa);

        /*	Only update the value function if the policy is not frozen */
        if (!policyFrozen) {
            valueFunction[lastActionInt][lastStateInt] = new_Q_sa;
        }
        lastObservation = null;
        lastAction = null;
    }

    /**
     * Release memory that is no longer required/used.
     */
    public void agent_cleanup() {
        lastAction = null;
        lastObservation = null;
        valueFunction = null;
    }

    /**
     * This agent responds to some simple messages for freezing learning and
     * saving/loading the value function to a file.
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    public String agent_message(String message) {

        if (message.equals("freeze learning")) {
            policyFrozen = true;
            return "message understood, policy frozen";
        }
        if (message.equals("unfreeze learning")) {
            policyFrozen = false;
            return "message understood, policy unfrozen";
        }
        if (message.equals("freeze exploring")) {
            exploringFrozen = true;
            return "message understood, exploring frozen";
        }
        if (message.equals("unfreeze exploring")) {
            exploringFrozen = false;
            return "message understood, exploring unfrozen";
        }
        if (message.startsWith("save_policy")) {
            String[] parts = message.split(" ");
            saveValueFunction(parts[1]);
            System.out.println("Saved.");
            return "message understood, saving policy";
        }
        if (message.startsWith("load_policy")) {
            String[] parts = message.split(" ");
            loadValueFunction(parts[1]);
            System.out.println("Loaded.");
            return "message understood, loading policy";
        }

        return "SampleSarsaAgent(Java) does not understand your message.";

    }

    /**
     *
     * Selects a random action with probability 1-sarsa_epsilon,
     * and the action with the highest value otherwise.  This is a
     * quick'n'dirty implementation, it does not do tie-breaking.

     * @param theState
     * @return
     */
    private int egreedy(int theState) {
        if (!exploringFrozen) {
            if (randGenerator.nextDouble() <= sarsa_epsilon) {
                return randGenerator.nextInt(numActions);
            }
        }

        /*otherwise choose the greedy action*/
        int maxIndex = 0;
        for (int a = 1; a < numActions; a++) {
            if (valueFunction[a][theState] > valueFunction[maxIndex][theState]) {
                maxIndex = a;
            }
        }
        return maxIndex;
    }

    /**
     * This is a trick we can use to make the agent easily loadable.  Using this
     * trick you can directly execute the class and it will load itself through
     * AgentLoader and connect to the rl_glue server.
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AgentLoader theLoader = new AgentLoader(new SampleSarsaAgent());
        theLoader.run();
    }

    /**
     * Dumps the value function to a file named theFileName.  Not fancy. Must be
     * called after init but before cleanup.
     * @param theFileName
     */
    private void saveValueFunction(String theFileName) {
        try {
            DataOutputStream DO = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(theFileName)));
            for (int a = 0; a < numActions; a++) {
                for (int s = 0; s < numStates; s++) {
                    DO.writeDouble(valueFunction[a][s]);
                }
            }
            DO.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            System.err.println("Problem saving value function to file: " + theFileName + " :: " + ex);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.err.println("Problem writing value function to file:: " + ex);
        }

    }

    /**
     * Loads the value function from a file named theFileName.  Must be called after
     * init but before cleanup.
     * @param theFileName
     */
    private void loadValueFunction(String theFileName) {
        try {
            DataInputStream DI = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(theFileName)));
            for (int a = 0; a < numActions; a++) {
                for (int s = 0; s < numStates; s++) {
                    valueFunction[a][s] = DI.readDouble();
                }
            }
            DI.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            System.err.println("Problem loading value function from file: " + theFileName + " :: " + ex);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.err.println("Problem reading value function from file:: " + ex);
        }
    }
}


text:
package us.myles.ViaVersion.protocols.protocol1_9to1_8.storage;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import us.myles.ViaVersion.api.data.StoredObject;
import us.myles.ViaVersion.api.data.UserConnection;

@Getter
@Setter
public class InventoryTracker extends StoredObject {
    private String inventory;

    public InventoryTracker(UserConnection user) {
        super(user);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Gordie Howe answers Wayne Gretzky's 20 questions in 2014 interview
Posted October 10, 2014 12:28 pm
Updated June 10, 2016 9:58 am
Hockey superstars Wayne Gretzky, right, and Gordie Howe hold up T-shirt featuring them as "Legends on Ice" during a news conference at the Forum in Inglewood, on Wednesday, Oct. 11, 1989.	 Bob Galbraith / AP Photo
Editor's note: This interview between Gordie Howe and Wayne Gretzky took place in 2014. For more on the death of Gordie Howe click here.
WAYNE GRETZKY: In your memoir you write about participating in the puck-drop ceremony for the 2014 Winter Classic alumni game at Comerica Park. Could you tell me a little bit about playing outdoors as a child? What was your local rink like? What's your fondest memory of playing outside?
GORDIE HOWE: I loved playing hockey and looked forward to getting on the ice. If I wasn't home eating I was on the ice skating all winter. The rink was just boards and ice.
In the Depression there was no money to do much – I think we were lucky there was man-made ice to skate on. I don't know that any memory stands out as the fondest, but I always liked to score and loved to win. That was what I lived for.
WG: Having mentored countless younger players, you are one of the most iconic father figures in the hockey world. You're also known for a mischievous streak and the chip on your shoulder. What's the piece of advice you've imparted that kids aren't likely to have heard from their teachers or other authorities?
GH: One of my rules was to do unto others before they do unto you, but that was never my first advice to youngsters.
What I always started with was making sure they held their stick in the proper position. You should hold the top hand on the stick like you would hold a hammer when you're driving a nail. You have the most leverage and you won't get your wrist broken.
The chip on my shoulder was earned over many years of hard knocks and each player has to earn that chip on their shoulder their own way.
MORE: Hall of Famer Gordie Howe tells his story in 'Mr. Hockey'
WG: Gordie, your book discusses the evolution of the game. Obviously a lot has changed since you played your last shift in the 1980s, never mind your first shift in the '40s. What are the best and worst changes?
GH: The best change was when they got rid of the curved steel at the bottom of the back of the net and replaced it with padding. The curves met in a point, and many players were injured over the years by sliding or crashing into the net.
Mark (Gordie's son) was pretty much impaled by this portion of the net. His injury was so serious the nets were changed shortly after.
WG: Your wife, Colleen, is probably the most famous hockey wife (and mother) in history, and you refer to your mother as the strongest person you've ever known. They both lived amazing lives. What do you admire most about each of these incredible women?
GH: Colleen and my mother were both hard-working, both very determined, giving of their time to help others and above all dedicated to their family. That meant they could be incredibly generous.
It also meant that they could be pretty formidable when they were looking after their family's best interests. You didn't mess with either one of them. If everyone were as tough, as honest, and as warm as those two, the world would be a better place.
WG: These days, talented kids are encouraged to specialize, playing hockey and training year round. Both you and Bobby Orr talk about the importance of playing a variety of sports and having fun doing it. Do you think this advice is lost on today's kids? Is the game suffering for it?
GH: I still believe it is important that children have a chance to play other sports, because they all offer learning experiences. Soccer is a growing sport and would be a good complement to hockey.
I played a lot of baseball and golf over the years. They both need good eye-hand co-ordination, not a bad thing for a hockey player. But more importantly, I'd hate to have missed out on all those friendships and victories. In fact, one of my regrets is giving up baseball in the off-season.
With both parents working in most families now there seems to not be enough time to get involved in several sports. I don't think the game of hockey suffers from this but the children do miss out on some great life experiences.
WG: You did a lot of things that other people can't do – one thing I've never seen is a hockey player who could score right- and left-handed. Are you ambidextrous?
GH: I have always been able to do most things left- or right-handed so I guess I am ambidextrous. I don't really think about doing things right- or left-handed, it just happens.
If I was going around a player I would automatically move my stick to the side away from the defender to protect the puck better. There is no time to think about something like that in the middle of a hockey game. You just do it.
WG: You got your start in the Original Six, then played through the expansion years and a merger with the WHA, where the league grew to 21 teams. Did you notice a change in the quality of the game over the course of your career?
Talk of expanding the league to Seattle, Quebec City and Las Vegas has been big news in recent months. Do you think today's talent pool is deep enough to support three or four new teams?
GH: The Original Six had more depth in the talent pool, no doubt about it. There was more than enough talent to go around.
There were eight players with NHL talent that could take your place if given the chance. So no one wanted to be out of the lineup, even if they were hurt, because the guy who stepped into your roster spot was likely good enough to keep it.
Knowing that really pushed players. No one took a shift off, that's for sure, and it made for a pretty intense game. At the same time, I think there are still plenty of players out there with a new crop developing each year.
The talent pool has also expanded to Europe in a big way. There is definitely enough talent for expansion. I did notice a change in the game after expansion. The game became more offensive-minded, increasing scoring, which probably means that elite defencemen are hard to come by. But fans don't mind seeing goals.
WG: We both made the jump to professional hockey at a young age, and you mention in your book that junior hockey didn't go exactly as you had expected it to. There's been a lot of debate lately about the relative benefits of the CHL versus the NCAA, largely centred on a junior team's responsibility to prepare players for a life and career beyond the rink. If you were making the choice now, which route would you go?
GH: I would go where the most talent is. Where I could play the most games. I never thought of doing anything but play hockey and this will never change for me. If I had to do it again I would still go the junior hockey route but that is me.
It is different for everyone and each of us has to decide what is best for themselves. I would say it is important to have a good education as hockey is a career that does not last many years and you need to be prepared for this.
Houston Astros, Boston Red Sox face fans for first time since sign-stealing fallout
It is also important to network with people you meet in life. There is the old saying it's not what you know it is who you know.
WG: One difference between the game today and the way it was played when you were an annual all-star was that you played in an era ruled by a more straightforward "code." You and other superstars mixed it up and watched your own backs.
What do you think of the modern NHL's pests, who slow the game down and try to draw penalties?
GH: There were not many pests in the old days because you had to back up the words that came out of your mouth. If you couldn't back up your words you wouldn't last very long. I never said a lot on the ice but when I did I meant it.
WG: Wearing No. 9 in the NHL is considered an honour. (That's the number I wanted when I went to junior. They didn't give it to me, though.) What has No. 9 meant to you?
GH: It's a pretty classic number, and a lot of great players have worn it, but what it meant to me was that I got a better night's sleep. Many people may not know that my first number with the Red Wings was No. 17 until early into my first season.
The No. 9 became available and it was offered to me. We travelled by train back then, and guys with higher numbers got the top bunk on the sleeper car. No. 9 meant I got a lower berth on the train, which was much nicer than crawling into the top bunk.
WG: You've notched two "Gordie Howe Hat Tricks," scored 975 goals, 1,383 assists and spent more than 2,000 minutes in the penalty box. Could you tell me about your most memorable goal, assist and fight?
GH: The goal to pass Rocket Richard's record was a milestone goal. At the time the pressure was on me and my teammates until I finally scored. It is funny how you can put so much pressure on yourself when it is really just another goal.
The Lou Fontinato fight was the one that most will always remember including myself. Lou and I didn't like each other much back then, and that wasn't the first time our paths crossed. We did respect each other, though, and I am proud to say that Lou and I became friends years later.
WG: In head-to-head action, WHA teams did great against NHL teams. In your view, did players from the younger league have something to prove or did they play a different style?
GH: You probably saw things the same way, but to me the WHA was more offensive-minded than the NHL. Some might say it was wide open at times.
The WHA also had quality veterans for leadership and a great group of young talent just coming into their own when the leagues merged – but you would know that. Traditionalists may have been surprised that those teams did so well against NHL squads, but the guys in the dressing rooms weren't.
WG: A lot of WHA teams played in non-traditional markets, where fans knew little about the game and teams tried all sorts of unusual gimmicks to fill their rinks. We saw some pretty interesting things back then. What was the strangest thing you saw in the league?
GH: There were blue pucks, white skates and unlimited curves on sticks but the one thing I remember most was the first nickel beer night at one of our home games in Houston.
There were more fights in the stands than there were on the ice. The fans even jumped out of the stands to fight the referees as they left the ice between periods. I had to go across to the referees' locker-room and ask them to finish the game, promising it would not happen again. Funny we didn't get any penalties in the third period.
WG: You are unique in that you played hockey at the highest level with your sons. As you make clear in your book, hockey is a tough game. Did you ever have to step in to back up Mark or Marty or both?
GH: The boys could take care of themselves but if I thought there was a dirty play or hit I would always deliver some of my own pain and make sure people would think twice about doing that again. What father wouldn't?
WG: I am on record as saying that you're the greatest hockey player of all time, and some other pretty good players, including Bobby Orr, have said the same thing.
Over the years, people have always said that if you hadn't played hockey, you could have played major league baseball. In your opinion, who was the greatest baseball player ever?
GH: There are so many but Al Kaline was a close friend of mine and I will put him in my best group. Over 3,000 hits, 18 all-star games, and an all-round great guy.
WG: When you came into the league, even star hockey players were regular guys – usually small-town Canadians who knew a thing or two about manual labour. Now, thanks to media exposure and much larger salaries, they are celebrities. Do you think something has been lost?
GH: Hockey players as a group are still small-town boys. They are the most approachable group of athletes you will have the pleasure of meeting, as you know.
But yes, things are different today, though I don't think it's the players. The difference today is the travel, the way the buildings are designed. The players are so tightly scheduled that their lives are totally focused on hockey.
They charter out to the next city right after the game and may not get there until 1 or 2 a.m. They have a 1 p.m. pre-game skate, eat and take a short nap and get to the rink for the game. Not a lot of time to spend doing anything else.
The arenas are built now with no access to the players unless you are with the press. The old rinks used to have you walking through the fans to the ice. It was interesting at times, though fans are generally respectful and decent, every once in a while someone would want to get into it with a player.
Still, I do think something is lost when the players are cut off from the fans. In the end, players and fans all love the same thing about the game.
WG: Reading your book, it's clear that you got away with a few things behind the play that guys today would get called for. Do you think your relationship with the referees would be different if you were playing today?
GH: The biggest difference is today there are two referees instead of one. A lot of things would happen behind the play because the referee is following the play up ice and it is hard for him to see what is going on behind him.
If you wanted to send a guy a message, you just had to be smart enough to wait until the ref was focused on something else. You just had to wait for the right moment. And you might have to wait a long time. Anyway, that is why things would happen behind the play. Today you could never get away with the things we did.
WG: You played the game for decades without a helmet. Though you did have a couple of serious injuries, that is still a remarkable streak. Today, a player without a helmet might not make it through a single game without a head injury. Do you think that says something about respect between players in the NHL today?
GH: It seems there could be a lack of respect amongst players but I think the game is just very competitive. The obstruction rule changes, stopping the hooking and holding has made the game much faster, and probably more dangerous.
The equipment is much more protective with more hard plastic that can be used as an offensive weapon when checking someone.
Players nowadays turn their backs to you when you approach to check them. This is something we would never have done. You were taught never to turn your back on a checker, as you end up going face-first into the boards. You can end up with stitches, lost teeth, separated shoulders or much worse like neck or back injuries. With the cycling of the puck and trying to draw penalties turning your back to the play is the norm now.
The other thing is in the middle of the ice guys skate with their heads down or looking behind them as they cross the ice waiting for a pass. This is a good way to wake up on the ice with the trainer staring down at you.
With the new rules players are not expecting to get hit in the centre-ice areas, which makes them more vulnerable. Still, I see that a lot of the time, the defensive team passes up these hits, maybe even the majority of them. That tells me there is still respect between players.
WG: For me, it was always an honour to be asked to help out Team Canada any way I could, something I was able to do a number of times. For various reasons, you had that opportunity only once (though you were missed in 1972). What did it mean for you to play for Team Canada in 1974?
GH: It was great to play for Team Canada in '74. It gives you a sense of pride to compete for your country, and I would have loved to be there in '72, but I was retired.
I wish I had more opportunities to play for Canada when I was younger, but pros just never had the chance in those days. It was just set up that way. It was the amateur players who went to the Olympics and world championships back then. I can't complain though. I finally got my chance, and we gave the Russians a good fight.
WG: You're quick to acknowledge the selfless generosity of the many friends and neighbours who helped you on your way to a legendary hockey career. Who gave you the biggest push?
GH: It was not just one person that made the difference.
I have to start with my mother, my coach in school hockey, my friend Frank Shedden's father, who gave me Frank's hockey equipment when Frank got too sick to play. There were even NHL players who lived in Saskatoon that would talk to you with encouraging advice, made me think I had a real chance.
I wanted to play hockey in the big league so bad and I pushed myself to be as good as I could be. I just wanted to be on the ice all the time.
Looking back, I was obsessed at times. I got exactly what I dreamed of, which makes me a very lucky guy. I am incredibly grateful to everyone who helped me along the way. You don't get to fulfil that dream without a lot of support.
NHLDetroit Red WingsWayne GretzkyGordie HoweWHAGordie Howe DeadGordie Howe DiesGordie Howe DetroitHockey great Gordie HoweMr. Hockey: My Story

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sin Nombre Director Cary Fukunaga Describes His Musical
Posted on Saturday, March 6th, 2010 by Brendon Connelly
We might be closing in on the musical for people who don't like musicals (which will do until we find an outright cure for their curious condition).
Over the last couple of years, Sin Nombre director Cary Funkunaga has been working on "a musical or an opera of some kind" with Zach Condon and Owen Pallett. Condon is a member of the band Beirut and was a contender to score Sin Nombre, while Pallett is a member of the amazingly named Owen Pallett (okay, they used to be called Final Fantasy, so I get the need for a name change) and has also been one of the many members of Arcade Fire. Pallett has also written music for John Cameron Mitchell's upcoming Rabbit Hole. Pallett and Condon have already made music together, but I don't know it – critiques in the comments would be welcome.
Fukunaga has now revealed what the premise of the film is, and the only way that it's not a little surprising is if you think he's past being surprising now, having skipped from Sin Nombre to Jane Eyre in a single step.
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text:
III Congreso Internacional Historia a Debate Santiago de Compostela
IV Congreso Internacional Historia a Debate
Santiago de Compostela, 15-19 de diciembre de 2010
Direcci�n
� Ponencias aceptadas
Secci�n I. 2. Innovaciones paradigm�ticas (historia mundial como historia global)
Peter Gran (Temple University, USA)
T�tulo
Overcoming New World Exceptionalism in World History-Cortez without Hegel
The much criticized Hegelian paradigm of the "Rise of the West" draws considerable sustenance from the concept of "the New World" when juxtaposed against that of Europe. This is apparent both in work from the liberal tradition and in that from the Marxist tradition as well.
Applying theorization drawn from "The Rise of the Rich" (Syracuse U. Press, 2009), this paper argues that the Mexico that Cortez conquered could be better understood as part of world-wide trends of the period and does not require the aura of newness with which it is usually imbued. Some useful information in support of this view is drawn from the classic work, "The Broken Spears-The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico" written by Miguel Leon-Portilla.


text:
Chelsea vs. Manchester United, Premier League: Preview, Game time, TV schedule, live streaming
By David Pasztor@D_Peezy Oct 23, 2016, 6:00am BST
Share All sharing options for: Chelsea vs. Manchester United, Premier League: Preview, Game time, TV schedule, live streaming
October 23, 2016, JM-Day at Stamford Bridge. As Jose Mourinho mused in his Sky Sports interview, "the computer has decided it is to go now; and here we go."
A momentous occasion, that's been underplayed and overplayed all at the same time. It's just another match, just another three points up for grabs. Just another chance for Chelsea to maintain new-found momentum. Another chance to work and improve and fight under Conte and build for a better future.
And yet, it's Chelsea's greatest ever manager, twice sacked forever bitter, coming back to hallowed ground, to the place where he's managed the longest and won the most. Sure, he'd been back once before, with Inter Milan in 2010, but now it's with another Premier League side, a Premier League rival in fact and one of our biggest — since Mourinho first stepped onto the English scene, the only team who've won the title more times than Chelsea (4) are United (5).
There are plenty of other minor storylines (former teammates David Luiz and Zlatan Ibrahimovic square off; Pogba faces the coach who helped him grow into the world's most expensive transfer; plus there's Juan Mata, too), but Mourinho dominates, as he always does.
It's a battle for all the emotions and all the shared history. And yet it's still just one game.
Date / Time: Sunday, October 23, 2016, 16:00 BST; 11am EDT; 8:30pm IST
Venue: Stamford Bridge, SW6
Referee: Martin Atkinson — this will be the 39th Chelsea game of Atkinson's career, pulling him level with Howard Webb and Steve Bennett. Chelsea have only lost 5 times with Atkinson in charge, although one of those was the 2-1 loss to Liverpool at home earlier this season. Atkinson has refereed this exact same fixture twice in his career, Ancelotti's Chelsea winning both times (2-1 in 2010-11 and 1-0 in 2009-10).
Forecast: A brisk, breezy fall afternoon.
On TV: Sky Sports 1 (UK); NBCSN, Telemundo (USA); Star Sports 4 / Select HD1 (India); elsewhere
Streaming online: Sky Go (UK); NBC Sports Live Extra; Telemundo Deportes En Vivo (USA); Star Sports (India)
Chelsea team news: It's in with the new and out with the old in many respects at Chelsea. Former key players Cesc Fàbregas and Branislav Ivanović continue to miss time with unspecified minor injuries. Former key player John Terry is supposedly fit, but isn't likely to make it past the bench. The new hotness is the 3-4-3, with wing-backs Victor Moses (!) and Marcos Alonso impressing in the last two games. The previously error prone defense has looked far more solid in a three-man configuration, and even Matić has become useful once again. He in fact leads the team in assists, and it's not even close.
Chelsea's leader in assists: Nemanja Matić. And it's not even close! pic.twitter.com/IO3mVWUAsI
— Dávid Pásztor (@D_Peezy) October 18, 2016
Up front, Diego Costa (who's miraculously avoided a fifth yellow in three straight games to make himself available for this one) has been synonymous with goals and Eden Hazard, while inconsistent, has been showing signs of life. Two of the three players once brandished the "rats" on that infamous banner now will look to put the hurt on Mourinho.
After losing two in a row in the season's first bad moment, Conte's new tactics have resulted in back-to-back clean sheets and back-to-back wins. Chelsea sit fifth, with a chance to keep pace with the rest of the title contenders with a win.
Manchester United team news: With just four wins from eight games so far this season, seventh place United perhaps need a win even more than Chelsea. (All the more reason Chelsea must win this one!) After winning his first three league games in charge, Mourinho has only one win in his last five.
Opta: no team that was outside the top five after eight Premier League matches has gone on to win the Premier League [CFC 5th Utd 7th]
— Sid Celery (@sidcelery) October 21, 2016
Club captain Wayne Rooney will miss out due to a muscular injury, while unloved Henrikh Mkhitaryan continues in his Juan Mata role. The real Juan Mata meanwhile could see action from the start, starting behind the mercurial Zlatan Ibrahimovic. For more on Mourinho's United, be sure to check out Rob's opposition analysis.
Given all the hype, all the build-up, all the narratives, and all the emotions, this match probably has no chance of living up to expectations. As long as Chelsea win, that'll be just fine by us.
View from the enemy: The Busby Babe
Previously: Last time we faced a 7th-placed Manchester United side...


Backfill is an inescapable complex of labor-intensive and complicated works oriented to the total well abandonment in case of impossibility of repair operation performance.
LLC "Triumph" carries out plugging of the well complying with a rule technical regulation, guarantees top-class execution of highly skilled work. We strive to get the best possible results. Our aim is to do geological-survey works at a very high level.
1. If the well is below sanitary norms, hygienic standards and technology based standards.
2. If there is loss of pressurization of the pipeline; if the filtration unit is broken.
3. Remedial maintenance is inefficient because of state of failure or runout operational lifetime.
4. The well was drilled solely for the purpose of finding out the characteristics of water-bearing layer.
There is a list of early and main and works on backfill; they are carried out by experienced specialists with the use of high-technology equipment.
We will carry out the works on sinking of bore hole, plugging of the well, abandonment of water well and artesian borehole in accordance with Approval Documentation exactly within the specified time limits.


text:
by Glen Falkenstein May 6, 20191:27 pm May 8, 2019
GAME OF THRONES: SEASON 8 EPISODE 4
Note: This post contains spoilers for 'Game of Thrones' including Season 8 Episode 4 which aired today
When will Game of Thrones stick to what works?
There are two episodes left, so hopefully some time in the next fortnight.
The first half of this week's episode was the Game of Thrones we have come to know and love; as with the first two episodes of this season focused on what has always made it stand out, let's say it together; characters.
Yes the show has always managed a grand sweeping sense of epic but these most memorable moments come not from the battles, many of which blend together, but the dynamics which are so memorable and speak to the sense of scale the show ever-pursues. Whether it be Tyrion and Varys plotting (with both performers respectively exhibiting their best singular episode performance in years), Arya's reply to Gendry, his own rapid ascension, Tormund's antics (as ever), the increasingly endearing Gregor Clegane, Jon and Daenery's particular complexities or, most significantly, the long-anticipated development in Jamie and Brienne's relationship, the first act had so much going for it and is repeatedly watchable.
The final stretch, in a not dissimilar regard, is also duly compelling as several character arcs reach an edge of the seat peak; anyone spoiling what happens and other episode tid-bits should know better..
The second act wreaks regardless of those problems that the show's creators had two years to learn from following season 7 and apparently haven't. The narrative and time jumps, some stretching to weeks, are even more frustrating following a grounded first half that took place over the course of about 24 hours. We launch lengths between key encounters, something the early series never did. Cast your mind back to the first episodes; a whole chapter was dedicated simply to travelling down the King's Road, or entire episodes to trekking from Storm's End to the Capital, something that took a simple cut this time around.
Without a sense of time and the weariness of traversing Westeros (estimated at about the size of South America) and only hinted at in passing as regards characters sight unseen, it's harder to garner that sense of investment or believability which comes from seeing a sturdied journey reach it's fulcrum that so recommended the arcs of the earlier series; here packaged into mere minutes.
Moreover, viewers are just sick of stupid decisions. No it is not an 'ambush' when you near your opponent's stronghold and your whole army are fully aware that the most competent fleet in the known world have likely set out to meet you. Watching a dragon fall from the sky is transfixing and yes the immediacy and suddenness of the event lent itself to what could have been a battle resounding with urgency yet it was over all too quickly.
Why a scout was not sent ahead and Daenery's attack did not come from the rear I'll never know, nor just why the fleet and remaining dragons arrived in King's Landing whole weeks ahead of the impending northern army counter to the agreed plan.
All up reliably thrilling if repeatedly eyeroll-worthy, this latest is still an exciting herald of things to come.
Tagged with: game of thrones game of thrones s8e4 game of thrones season 8 game of thrones season 8 episode 4 the last of the starks'
Glen Falkenstein
GAME OF THRONES: THE BELLS – FalkenScreen	 on May 13, 2019 at 2:25 pm
[…] and the past season's Game of Thrones instalments have fairly been criticised for the latter and doing things no one elevated to a position of command would […]
GAME OF THRONES SERIES FINALE – FalkenScreen	 on May 20, 2019 at 4:31 pm
[…] professed love and relationship with Dany, buoyed little by two actors who have limited chemistry, like so much of these past seasons was rushed to fit in with a direction the plot 'needed' to go rather than any decisions these […]


text:
Католичанство се може односити на:

 католицизам, односно римско католичанство, које заступа Католичка црква
 католичност, односно православно католичанство, које заступа Православна црква
 било који други облик католичанства који заступају и неке друге хришћанске заједнице

Види још
 Четири обележја Цркве
 Католичка црква (вишезначна одредница)
 Православна црква (вишезначна одредница)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"Rescue" – I've been thinking a lot about this word lately. It conjures up idealized, romantic, happily-ever-after mental images. But then there is the nitty-gritty, in-your-face reality of the rescue process itself.
Last week our family drove an hour-and-a-half to a greyhound kennel to pick up a rescue dog to foster for a few weeks before his placement in a permanent home. Felix was born to race; but, for whatever reason, he never made it to the track and retired at the ripe old age of 15-months-old. The first moments of meeting him were warm and sweet. Even our resident greyhound, Cody, along for the ride, seemed to like him. We admired his black face, slinky fawn-colored body with mischievous white socks, and white-tipped tail. We loaded him uneventfully into the back of our vehicle. The rest of us, another dog and six people, folded like pieces of a Rubik's cube into our places.
Sure enough, fleas swarmed the poor creature. As soon as we arrived home we soaped him up with medicated shampoo provided by Colorado Greyhound Adoption. The next day we applied K9Advantix, and watched in horror a mass exodus of the little fiends. Unfortunately, the determined little buggers jumped on Cody sometime before their extermination, so he too needed a bath and medication. For days after, we as humans felt the creepy-crawlies of real or imagined little critters.
The word "rescue" got a little sullied in that swarm of black bugs, and it got even messier when Felix started "marking" inside our house, climbing on the dinner table, and howling through the night. An endearing overbite sprayed food all over when he ate.
Each day is a little better. He learned within a few days to "mark" only outside, squirts of water in the face convinced him to stay a respectful distance from the dinner table, and the howling and messy eating – well, we're still working on that.
As I've thought of this process of rescuing Felix, I've realized it is a microcosm, a parable, for the theme of redemption. I am convinced it is encoded into the core of the universe.
you will wake up bleary-eyed and maybe even bruised.
During this coming week, Felix will be placed in his permanent home. I will cry when he leaves. I've become rather attached to this sweet, curious creature. But I also anticipate the joy I will feel when his family meets him for the first time and starts falling in love. It will be worth it.
Because I've discovered in far more profound situations involving people that if you choose to participate in redemption, you will also stumble into those sunset moments that will be irrationally beautiful because of the price of admission. Your blood, sweat, and tears will secure more joy than your heart can hold.
I guess I shouldn't have been surprised a few days ago. One of my sons, Jacob, came home with his girlfriend Kassidy. I started to greet them and then lost my train of thought as I noticed a brown wiggly body in Kassidy's arms.
"Who is this?" I asked in surprise.
Soon five little puppies yelped and snuggled into our home, joining Felix and Cody. I shook my head in pretend consternation at the spectacle of 7 dogs tromping through our living room, but I'm sure Jacob could see the glint of pride in my eyes.
Go rescue something. It will be worth it.
Ours is a 'rescue' as well, a wonderful American Foxhound that has been a beautiful complement to our family.
Congratulations on your wonderful American Foxhound! Dogs just have a way of opening human hearts in unique way. I'm so thankful God created them the way He did!
I love your blog and have been a subscriber for a few months. Your animal related posts are always so moving. I lost my beloved Miriam (a mixed breed/hound) last year after a 2 year battle with cancer. She was such a trooper through surgery and chemo, and your post about dogs and heaven really got to me.
I have recently started looking for another dog to love and am interested in the possibility of being a forever home for one of your new pups if they haven't already been adopted.
Please correspond with me at vanese@logic.bm.
Thank you so much for following Vanese and for commenting! I am glad that my post about losing our sweet Henry could touch your heart. I am sorry for your loss! The puppies actually did all find homes by Sun afternoon! Do you live in CO? If so, I highly recommend Colo Greyhound Adoption. They brought Henry to us, and now my sweet Cody.
Thanks for such a beautiful and touching post. My family's only cat and previous and current dog were all adopted and there is no turning back. Actually, it still amazes me that people buy animals from pet stores, in particular, as well as breeders.
There are so many loving and affectionate critters out there just waiting for someone to notice them and give them the care they deserve. Fostering is something I'd love to try out when I have the capacity to properly do so. Hopefully you will be able to foster more greyhounds in the future.
I'm so glad you visited! It's going to painful to give up Felix. He's a very affectionate creature who has snuck into our hearts, even Cody's. At first Cody thought he was a pest, but they've become good buddies. Watching them race each other in the backyard yesterday was magnificent. But a big part of what gives me strength is to bless someone else, but also to create a spot for another foster dog. Not sure how many times I can love and give up, but at least if we can do it for a few creatures, I will be glad. I agree, so many animals that already exist are worthy recipients of love. Seeing the five puppies who needed homes after pet store over-breeding was very sad.
Awww! What lovely photos! Your story in inspiring. I felt the urge to rescue something or someone then I remembered that our Akita is also a rescue. We were his fifth family when he was just two years old. We love him to bits!


text:
Ray Caesar
Ray Caesar is renowned as one of the pioneers of digital art, and for his depiction of a vast and complex inner world. His images present a cast of figures he refers to as dolls dressed up in myriad historical costumes and interpreting a variety of cryptic roles. The environments they inhabit are equally uncanny: pastoral landscapes, nostalgic seafronts or neo-classical interiors, idealised imaginary scenes where animals become human and organic plants come to life like triffids. In Ray's world, everything from historical eras to instinctive animal natures collide and cross-pollinate. An undercurrent of Dickensian macabre runs through the work, juxtaposed with a thread of clinical technology, together with a sense of romantic nostalgia and at times a gentle innocence. Sinister and sweet, surreal and symbolic, Ray Caesar's images are an adventure into the unconscious imagination.
Ray Caesar (b.1958 in London, UK) is celebrated as the grandfather of digital art. At an early age, his family moved to Toronto, Canada, where he currently lives and works. Caesar's vision resonates with the changing psyche of his figures, reflecting memories of his childhood and experiences gathered over 17 years working in the art therapy department of the Hospital For Sick Children. His work is collected by the Hearst Family, Riccardo Tisci of Givenchy, Madonna, the Bristol Museum, and selected by the Board of Trustees of the Museum of Modern Art, New York & Guggenheim, New York.
Festival of Light
Girl in a Red Chaperone
Inamorati
Madame R
Naiad
Nature of Gravity
Song for the Dearly Departed
The Curative
The Story So Far
Guillermo Martin Bermejo, Christopher Noulton, Olivia Kemp, James Mortimer
Jane Ward, Gill Button, Olivia Kemp, Suzanne Moxhay, Sam Branton, Andrew McIntosh, Claire Partington
Carolein Smit and Ray Caesar
Carolein Smit
2 May to 25 May 2018
Gill Button, Carolein Smit, Christopher Stevens, Mark Wright, James Mortimer, Claire Partington
FAD Recommends 'Carolein Smit and Ray Caesar'
Considering Art Review of 'Carolein Smit and Ray Caesar'


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector
  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_pressed="true">
        <layer-list>
            <item android:bottom="6.0dip">
                <shape>
                    <solid android:color="@color/feed_hint_pressed" />
                </shape>
            </item>
        </layer-list>
    </item>
    <item>
        <layer-list>
            <item android:bottom="6.0dip">
                <shape>
                    <solid android:color="@color/feed_hint_normal" />
                </shape>
            </item>
        </layer-list>
    </item>
</selector>


text:
Q: Clone record in the same table This answer comes close to what I need but my situation is slightly different. I have a SQL table look like this.
+------+----------+-----------+
|  aid |  afname  |  alname   |
+------+----------+-----------+
|  01  |  John    |  Doe      |
|  02  |  Stephen |  Williams |
|  03  |  Jane    |  Doe      |
|  04  |  Peter   |  Brown    |
|  05  |          |           |
+------+----------+-----------+

Now I need to clone/copy only the afname and alname fields from the row which has the 02 aid and insert it into the row with the aid 05.
This is the query I tried but it throws an Syntax error.
INSERT INTO table1(afname, alname)
WHERE aid = '05'
SELECT afname, alname
FROM table1
WHERE aid = '02'

Can anyone please tell me a way to accomplish this?
Many thanks.

A: If you don't have a row with aid = '05' :
INSERT INTO table1(aid,afname, alname)
SELECT '05', afname, alname
FROM table1
WHERE aid = '02'

If you have a row with aid = '05' and you want to update it :
update t2
set t2.afname = t1.afname, t2.alname = t1.alname
from table1 t1 join table1 t2 on t1.aid = '02' and t2.aid = '05'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As I promised in my previous post, I took my athletic-wear from the mat to the streets. After an outdoor yoga session, I went downtown for a coffee and some window shopping with a friend. I kept my Fabletics top on, but I swapped my sports bra for a lacy bralette. I put on one of my favorite J.Crew Factory purchases – an obnoxiously bright orange skirt – and a pair of old Forever21 studded leopard print sandals. Neon and leopard are both neutrals in my book. And yes, even my Kate Spade purse is on a "broke girl's budget" – outlets, baby.


text:
angular.module('useatApp.filters', []).filter('trustAsResourceUrl', ['$sce', function($sce) {
  return function(val) {
    return $sce.trustAsResourceUrl(val);
  };
}]);


Situated at Mt Somers on the Inland Scenic Route 72, between Christchurch and Queenstown. Conveniently located just 1 hour's drive south of Christchurch airport and only 1 hour's drive to the beautiful Mackenzie Basin. The Park has a tranquil setting amongst established trees and offers a choice of accommodation to suit all budgets, with a peaceful night's sleep assured. Pets are welcome by arrangement.
Come and enjoy our unique country setting near the mountains and yet close to a general store, garage and tavern/restaurant.


text:
package com.twitter.intellij.pants.integration;

import com.twitter.intellij.pants.testFramework.OSSPantsIntegrationTest;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;

public class OSSPantsExamplesMultiTargetsIntegrationTest extends OSSPantsIntegrationTest {
  public void testHelloJavaAndScala() throws Throwable {
    doImport("examples/src/java/org/pantsbuild/example/hello");

    assertProjectName("pants.examples.src.java.org.pantsbuild.example.hello::");

    String[] initialModules = {"examples_src_resources_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_hello",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_main_main",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_greet_greet",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_simple_simple",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_main_main-bin",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_module",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_main_readme",
      "examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_main_common_sources"
    };

    assertFirstSourcePartyModules(initialModules);

    assertPantsCompileExecutesAndSucceeds(pantsCompileModule("examples_src_java_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_main_main"));

    doImport("examples/src/scala/org/pantsbuild/example/hello/BUILD", "hello");
    assertProjectName("pants.examples.src.scala.org.pantsbuild.example.hello:hello");

    String[] additionalModules = {
      "examples_src_scala_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_module",
      "examples_src_scala_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_hello",
      "examples_src_scala_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_welcome_welcome",
      "examples_src_scala_org_pantsbuild_example_hello_exe_exe"
    };

    assertFirstSourcePartyModules((String[]) ArrayUtils.

      addAll(initialModules, additionalModules));

    assertPantsCompileExecutesAndSucceeds(pantsCompileProject());
  }
}


text:
UN Condemns Clash Between Afghan Candidate's Team, Electoral Workers
Independent Election Commission (IEC) workers recount ballots in Kabul. (file photo)
The United Nations' Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) has condemned a clash in Kabul between presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah's campaign team and workers from Afghanistan's Independent Election Commission.
The clash on August 19 at the compound where the ballots from Afghanistan's presidential election are being audited left several people injured.
In a statement on August 20, UNAMA noted that the clash was not the first time that heated arguments involving representatives of campaign teams have culminated in violence.
The statement said campaign team supervisors "are responsible for guiding their workers and for controlling the situation so that disputes do not deteriorate into confrontation."
Washington brokered a deal for an audit and national unity government between Abdullah and rival candidate Ashraf Ghani amid allegations of massive fraud in the June second-round vote.
But there are concerns there could be further disputes as the results of the audit emerge.


Location, Location, Location is the catch phrase everyone would like to be able to use. The Reserve at Ft. Mitchell is within a short distance to restaurants and shopping to exceed your every need. The newly opened Crestview Hills Town Center prepares you for an evening of entertainment and nightlife, located right in your neighborhood.
I found your property on ApartmentSearch.com and am interested in availability at Reserve at Ft Mitchell.


text:
AAccessMapsMenu
Search All Maps
For centuries Vienna (Wien) was the capital of a multinational empire, and to this day Vienna remains the cultural capital for central Europe. Because of its pivotal position on the Danube River, Vienna has been a prize of conquerors for centuries; every power of any consequence tried to take it, with varying success. The Celts were here, the Romans (although winters were too cold for Caesar),the Ottomans of Turkey, but it was the Babenbergs who laid the first formal plans of a city and it was the Hapsburgs who made it the center of their immense empire for centuries.
In 1815 when the Vienna Congress established European Order for the next century, Vienna with two million souls was the fourth largest city in the world, head of a multinational realm of 55 million. However by the end of World War I Austria was a small destitute republic with an overblown capital. What the vagaries of fortune could not demolish was Vienna's pivotal location and the political acumen of its leaders. These traits plus the nature of geopolitics seems to ensure the city's importance. During the Cold War Austria proclaimed neutrality and Vienna hosted many meetings between warring ideologies, notably the summit between Khrushchev and Kennedy. The IAEO established itself here in 1957, followed by OPEC in 1965, UNIDO in 1967, and in 1979 the United Nations Organization made Vienna its third headquarters, today the only one in an EU capital.
Above all else, Vienna is an architectural and cultural feast. Take in the Schönbrunn Palace (Schloss Schönbrunn),St. Stephan's Cathedral (Stephansdom) and the home of Vienna Secession Museum. There's the Sigmund Freud Museum, The Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Fine Arts and much more. And all the stars of classical and romantic music were here, before Haydn, Beethoven, Brahms, Strauss and Mahler, there was Mozart.
Population: city, 650,000; Time Zone: GMT/UTC +1 or Central European Time.
Flight times: Paris-2 hrs., London-2.25 hrs., Los Angeles-12 hrs. NYC-8.5 hrs.
Average temperature: 71°F (22° C) in summer and winter 35°F (2° C),Heaviest precipitation is November through January.
Average Daily High/Low Temperature:
• March - May: 60°f / 41°f, 16°c / 5°c
• June - Aug.: 76°f / 59°f, 25°c / 15°f
• Sept. - Nov.: 59°f / 44°f, 15°c / 7°c
• Dec. - Feb.: 37° f/ 28°f, 3°c / -2°c
Situated more or less in the center of Europe, Vienna is easily reached by plane, train, automobile and even riverboat.
Located 11 miles from center city. Telephone: : +43-1-7007-22233 (24 hours) http://english.viennaairport.com/
CAT http://www.cityairporttrain.at/content/home.php In only 16 minutes the CAT, the City Airport Train, takes passengers nonstop from the City Air Terminal to Vienna International Airport. Daily service is provided from 05:05 to 23:35.
The City Air Terminal is located only ten minutes away from St. Stephen´s Cathedral at Wien-Mitte traffic-junction, next to Vienna Hilton Hotel and can be reached by Vienna's underground system, by bus, tram or by taxi. Services run from 05:05 to 23:35 7 days a week, 365 days a year. To the City Air Terminal you can catch the underground, bus or taxi Single-Ticket € 8,00 € 5,00 (child) Round Trip-Ticket € 15,00 € 8,00
Taxi, a trip to and from the center of Vienna costs approximately 25 euros and takes 35 minutes, depending on traffic conditions.
The Vienna Metro ("U-Bahn") This is an outstanding public transit service, modernized 1976, has close to 120 miles (190 km) of tracks for information go to: http://mailbox.univie.ac.at/~prillih3/metro/english/index.html
Gemädegalerie der Akademie der bildenden Künste) Schillerplatz 3, A-1010 Wien, Website: www.akademiegalerie.at, U-Bahn: Karlsplatz
The Albertina (Albertina)
Albertinaplatz 1, A-1010, Wien, Tel: 534 830, Website: www.albertina.at, U-Bahn: Karlsplatz
The Albertina houses over 65,000 drawings and one million prints in total.
Art House Vienna (KunstHausWien)
Untere Weissgerberstraße 13, A-1030, Wien, Tel: 712 0495, Website: www.kunsthauswien.at, U-Bahn: Schwedenplatz then tram N to Radetzkyplatz
This superb museum by Viennese architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser was opened in 1991. The striking exterior prepares you for the interior designs and its contemporary collection.
(Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) Josefsplatz 1, A-1010, Wien, Tel: 534 10, Fax: 534 10 280, Website: www.onb.ac.at, U-Bahn: Karlsplatz
Leopold Museum Museumsplatz
1, A-1070, Wien, Tel: 525 700, Website: www.leopoldmuseum.org, U-Bahn: Museumquartier
It encompasses over 5200 paintings and drawings from the period between 1880 and 1950. Among the paintings on show are those by celebrated artists Egon Schiele, Gustav Klimt and Oskar Kokoschka
Schönbrunn Palace (Schloss Schönbrunn)
A-1130, Wien, Tel: 811130, Website: www.schoenbrunn.at, U-Bahn: Schönbrunn
As one of the finest and most important historical sights in Vienna.
Schönbrunn Zoo (Schönbrunner Tiergarten)
Maxingstraße 13b, A-1130, Wien, Tel: 8779 2940, Website: www.zoovienna.at, U-Bahn: Heitzing The zoo is one of the oldest in the world.
Vienna Secession
Friedrichstraße 12, A-1010, Wien, Tel: 587 53 07, Website: www.secession.at, U-Bahn: Karlsplatz
The distinctive Secession building was designed and built by Josef Maria Olbrich in 1898 as a home for the Association of Visual Artists Vienna Secession. The Association, which included Gustav Klimt within its membership were pioneers of Jugendstil/Art Nouveau and their legacy.
Sigmund Freud Museum (Sigmund-Freud-Museum)
Berggasse 19, A-1090, Wien, Tel: 319 1596, Website: www.freud.t0.or.at, U-Bahn: Schottentor
The waiting room in the museum was carefully restored in the early 1990s and is much the same as it would have been while Freud lived and worked here. Visitors can also view his study and consulting room which contain numerous photographs and documents.
Spanish Riding School (Spanische Reitschule)
Winterreitschule, Josefsplatz, A-1010, Wien, Website: www.spanische-reitschule.com, U-Bahn: Stephansplatz/Karlsplatz
The Spanish Riding School, which is the oldest equestrian school in the world. The performances of incredible horsemanship that regularly take place are always popular, make sure you buy tickets as soon as you arrive.
St. Stephan's Cathedral (Stephansdom)
Stephansplatz 3, A-1010, Wien, Tel: 51552 3530 Website: www.stephansdom.at, U-Bahn: Stephansplatz
This massive cathedral dominates the surrounding buildings on Stephansplatz; visit the tallest part of the structure, the South Tower (or Hochturm) and climb the tower's 343 steps for superb views of Vienna.
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La Cabaña de Nordenskjöld es una cabaña de madera construida en febrero de 1902 por el cuerpo principal de la expedición sueca al polo sur dirigida por Otto Nordenskjöld, que utilizó la isla como base para explorar las áreas circundantes entre 1901 y 1903. Se encuentra en la isla Cerro Nevado, en la costa este de la península Antártica. Actualmente la República Argentina lo administra como el refugio Suecia.

Desde el 26 de julio de 1965 es Monumento Histórico Nacional de Argentina, por el decreto n.º 6058/1965 y como parte de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. También está protegida por el Tratado Antártico, que la designó Sitio y Monumento Histórico n.º 38, a través de la designación RCTA VII-9 de 1972 y a raíz de una propuesta conjunta entre Argentina y el Reino Unido ante la Reunión Consultiva del Tratado Antártico.

Cabaña de Nordenskjöld

El 12 de febrero de 1902 llegó a la isla Cerro Nevado la Expedición Antártica Sueca liderada por Otto Nordenskjöld a bordo del velero Antarctic, provisto con un motor auxiliar de vapor. El capitán del barco era Carl Anton Larsen.

En la isla tuvieron que pasar el invierno el jefe de la expedición junto con el meteorólogo Gösta Bodman, el marinero Gustav Akerlund, todos ellos de nacionalidad sueca, y el argentino José María Sobral, alférez de navío. Realizarían trabajos meteorológicos, magnéticos, astronómicos e hidrográficos, así como expediciones sobre el hielo del mar a las islas vecinas y a la zona próxima de la Península Antártica, región luego conocida como Costa Nordenskjold, y que se extiende al suroeste de la isla.

En la costa noreste de la isla se montó una cabaña prefabricada de madera, cubierta exteriormente con chapas de cartón embreado. Constaba de cuatro pequeñas habitaciones, tres para servir de dormitorio a dos personas cada una, otra para la cocina y un espacio intermedio para ser utilizado como comedor y gabinete de trabajo. Tenía un altillo para guardar víveres y utensilios. Disponía de doble puerta que dejaban entre ellas espacio para un diminuto vestíbulo. Sus dimensiones eran de 6,5 m de largo por 4 m de ancho. La cabaña dio muy buen resultado, haciendo confortable los dos inviernos que en ella pasaron los cuatro expedicionarios. Nordenskjöld aconsejó después que si se volvía a emplear una cabaña de esta clase en próximas expediciones, sería aún más eficiente si era provista de doble pared, rellenando el espacio entre ambas paredes con serrín. También aconsejaba que el suelo del altillo debería estar cubierto con una lona impermeable, pues a ellos les goteó continuamente sobre sus habitaciones la compota almacenada allí, que se había desparramado al reventar por el frío los envases de vidrio que la contenían. Adyacente a la cabaña fue construida una instalación para observaciones magnéticas y varias casillas para los instrumentos meteorológicos.

Al llegar diciembre, el buque Antarctic que debía recogerlos, no pudo llegar a la isla debido al abundante hielo que ese año se había formado a lo largo de la Península Antártica, por lo que los expedicionarios de Cerro Nevado tuvieron que pasar otro invierno (el de 1903) en la cabaña. No estuvieron privados de víveres ya que al desembarcar habían sido provistos con abundancia. El Antarctic se encontraba a tres días de navegación de la isla pero cuantas búsquedas de paso entre los hielos realizaron fueron infructuosas.

Del barco, al comprobarse que no podía abrirse camino a través del hielo, desembarcaron tres personas: Andersson, Duse y Grunden, con provisiones para unos pocos días y dotados con un trineo. Debían caminar sobre el hielo de mar cerca de la orilla hasta la cabaña de Cerro Nevado para dar noticia de la imposibilidad del barco de pasar a recogerlos y proponer a Nordenskjöld realizar la marcha hacia el norte, al punto donde habían desembarcado, donde los del barco habían depositado abundantes provisiones para ellos, y pasarían a recogerlos. Calculaban que el viaje de ida duraría no más de cuatro días. Pero pronto encontraron que el mar estaba libre de hielo, extendiéndose el agua hasta la isla. No habiendo hielo de mar sobre el cual hasta entonces habían avanzado sin dificultad, tenían que continuar el viaje por tierra y, una vez estando a la altura de la isla, pasar a ella desde tierra firme.

Abandonaron el hielo de mar y alcanzaron tierra firme pero el camino que podía llevarlos hacia el sur era muy rocoso, para el que no estaban preparados, por lo que avanzaron con gran dificultad. Apareció inesperadamente el mal tiempo del ya cercano invierno y ya ni podían avanzar hacia Snow Hill ni volver al punto en el que habían desembarcado. Decidieron invernar en aquel inhóspito lugar, para lo que adosado a la pared de una roca, construyeron con piedras un diminuto refugio que cubrieron con el trineo y una lona. Habían abandonado el buque con muy pocas provisiones ya que el viaje hasta la cabaña caminando sobre el hielo de mar no ofrecía dificultad y la distancia a recorrer era corta. Las pocas horas de buen tiempo que aún gozaron las aprovecharon para matar centenares de pingüinos y alguna foca, que quedaron pronto congelados, siendo el único alimento así como de grasa para cocinar que dispusieron hasta que llegó el buen tiempo y pudieron continuar el viaje, otra vez por el hielo de mar, consiguiendo finalmente alcanzar la cabaña.

El Antarctic, tras desembarcar a las tres personas que habían de llegar caminando sobre el hielo hasta la cabaña, zarpó tratando de encontrar de nuevo un paso libre de hielo más al este de la península antártica, que le permitiese llegar, dando un rodeo, a la isla. Pero acabó siendo cercado por el hielo que lo hundió. Los náufragos consiguieron llegar con las barcas a la isla Paulet en la que construyeron una cabaña con piedras, utilizando los botes y el velamen como cubierta. Nueve meses después, la corbeta argentina Uruguay, al mando de Julián Irizar, que había salido en busca de los expedicionarios, encontró el mar libre de hielos, llegó a Cerro Nevado y recogió a los siete hombres que allí se encontraban. Días después, navegando en uno de los botes, también llegó desde la isla Paulet el capitán Larsen. El buque argentino embarcó a los que se encontraban en Cerro Nevado y navegó a la isla Paulet, recogió a los restantes tripulantes y los llevó a Buenos Aires.

Refugio argentino

La Armada Argentina tomó posesión de la cabaña el 8 de enero de 1954, rebautizándola como refugio Suecia y procedió a su restauración. En esa jornada el capitán de fragata Luis T. De Villalobos, comandante del transporte ARA ''Bahía Aguirre, tomó posesión de las instalaciones de la cabaña en nombre del Gobierno de la República Argentina y dejó constancia del nuevo nombre. El mismo día en sus cercanías se construyó el refugio naval Betbeder. La cabaña fue utilizada como base para investigaciones de reconocimiento en los veranos de 1953-1954 y 1954-1955. A principios de la década de 1960 tenía un almacén con provisiones para tres personas durante tres meses.

La cabaña ha sido restaurada por el Instituto Antártico Argentino. Está habilitada como museo y contiene objetos originales de la expedición. Su conservación es llevada adelante por Argentina y Suecia.

Véase también
 Choza de los Suecos
 Anexo:Refugios antárticos de Argentina
 Anexo:Sitios y Monumentos Históricos de la Antártida
 Anexo:Monumentos de la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur
Instituto Antártico Argentino

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial del Instituto Antártico Argentino

Grupo de la isla James Ross
Expedición Antártica Sueca
Armada Argentina en la Antártida
Sitios y Monumentos Históricos de la Antártida
Monumentos y lugares históricos de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur
Edificios y estructuras de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur
Refugios de la Edad Heroica de exploración de la Antártida
Antártida en 1902


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Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system are rare, neurovascular lesions usually detected in patients aged 20-50 and represent up to 8-15% of all intracranial malformations. The association between cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations is met in 10-30% of cases.
Treatment strategies for intracranial cavernomas include conservative management, open microsurgery and finally stereotactic radiosurgery (the use of which is still highly debatable as there are no available methods to determine its short term effects).
The authors present their surgical experience in what regards a cohort of 149 consecutive patients, diagnosed with intracranial and supratentorial cavernomas, admitted, investigated and treated between January 2000 and January 2015. The clinical particularities of the patients together with the surgical approaches are debated. Last but not least the outcome and quality of life of the patients is discussed.


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