Though it came a little late this year—at least, here in New Jersey—spring is finally in the air! Which, unfortunately for me, means debilitating seasonal allergies.
Speaking of complicated roadmaps, how about getting a medical device from concept to market? Sure, getting any product from the brain to on the shelves is a multifaceted juggling act between various project teams. But medical device developers need to do all this while also making sure to keep a weathered eye on the FDA submission process the whole way through.
I bring up BIOMEDevice because of one speaker at the event, Gregg Kirkpatrick, a consultant for Medical Devices International Consulting, who claimed to have helped achieve concept to market for a device in 10 months flat. My jaw dropped—how can that be possible in an industry notorious for lengthy production cycles? Was he sensationalizing to grab the attention of journalists like myself? Was there something shady going behind the scenes that I needed to uncover?
time in the concepts and feasibility phase.
According to Kirkpatrick, hardly anyone spends enough time here, and it is absolutely integral because solutions to problems that come up late in the manufacturing process can be mitigated or eliminated here.
First to consider is the problem being addressed with the new device. The "voice of the customer" (i.e., the user needs) must be properly analyzed. If that voice changes—as it so frequently does—there needs to be a predetermined set of plans in place to account for any tweaks to the design.
established as early as physically possible.
This includes members of the marketing, manufacturing, regulatory, engineering, quality, and field service team (among others, but he listed them off so fast I'm sure I missed a few.) Ideally, the team should be co-located—with open cubes if the office layout permits—and concurrently address any and all changes or issues that arise.
design and manufacturing phases, isn't effective if you're looking for a process that is able to respond quickly to market changes or customer demands. If you're at the "functional prototype" stage of production and the customer suddenly decides a feature needs to be tweaked, it's back to square one—with valuable time lost!
One particularly useful concurrent engineering technique is making sure small, functional modules of the device exist during every stage of production. Sure, this will likely raise production costs, but it ensures that a reference design exists at every stage, making any tweaks to the design significantly less painful.


text:
The Beijing–Guangzhou railway or Jingguang railway () is a major trunk railway that connects Beijing in the north with Guangzhou in the south.  This double-track electrified line has a total length of  and spans five provinces through north, central and south China.  The line passes through the capitals of each of them: Shijiazhuang (Hebei), Zhengzhou (Henan), Wuhan (Hubei), Changsha (Hunan) and Guangzhou (Guangdong). The line's two terminals are the Beijing West railway station and the Guangzhou railway station.

Due to abundance of large and medium-sized cities on its route, this railway is widely recognized as the most important conventional railway line in China.

History

The Jingguang railway was originally two independent companies: the Beijing–Hankou railway in the north from Beijing to Hankou, and the Guangdong–Hankou railway in the south from Wuchang to Guangzhou.  Hankou and Wuchang were cities on opposite sides of the Yangtze River that became part of the present city of Wuhan in 1927.

The  long Beijing–Hankou railway (Jinghan railway) was built between 1897 and 1906. The concession was originally awarded to a Belgian company that was backed by French investors.  A strong desire to bring the route under Chinese control led to the formation of the Bank of Communications to secure the financing needed to repatriate the railway.  The successful redemption of the railway in 1909 enhanced the prestige of the Communications Clique, which became a powerful political force in the early Republic.

Construction of the Guangdong–Hankou railway (Yuehan railway) began in 1900 and progressed more slowly. The concession was originally awarded to the American China Development Company, but a diplomatic crisis erupted when the Belgians purchased a controlling interest in it.  The concession was cancelled in 1904 to prevent Franco-Belgian interests from controlling the entire Beijing–Guangdong route. The Guangzhou–Sanshui branch line was completed in 1904. The Changsha–Zhuzhou section was then completed in 1911, followed by the Guangzhou–Shaoguan section in 1916, and the Wuchang–Changsha section in 1918. Work on the final section between Zhuzhou and Shaoguan began in 1929 but was not completed until 1936.

On 7 February 1923, workers of the Beijing-Wuhan Railway Workers' association launched a massive strike demanding better workers' rights and protesting oppression by warlords. The strike, organized by Shi Yang and Lin Xiangqian, was an early example of worker mobilization by the Chinese Communist Party.

Major stations

From north to south:

Service

Currently, the Beijing–Kowloon "Jingjiu" through train operates on this line. Prior to 2003, this train called at stops along the route, before border controls were set up at Beijing, which made the compartments to Kowloon sterile, making the intermediate stops available for use only for domestic passengers in separate carriages attached at Guangzhou East Station.

Parallel lines
The Beijing–Kowloon railway, completed in 1996, is another conventional railway connecting Beijing with the Pearl River Delta. It runs mostly within a corridor  to the east of the Beijing–Guangzhou railway.

The Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway runs through the same major cities as the original railway, on a slightly different route that avoids built-up areas and has a greater curve radius allowing for higher speeds and a somewhat shorter overall length. In most cities along the line, the high-speed trains stop at different, purpose-built stations, rather than the older stations served by the original line. The Wuhan–Guangzhou section of the high-speed railway opened in 2009, and the Beijing–Wuhan section in 2012.

As consecutive sections of the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway became operational, the railway authorities shifted much of passenger traffic from the original railway to the new high-speed line. This allowed an increase in the amount of freight volume transported over the original route. For example, according to preliminary estimates, after the entire Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway opens, the annual freight capacity of the northern half of the Beijing–Guangzhou railway (between its two main freight stations, Beijing's Fengtai West railway station and Wuhan North railway station) would increase by 20 million tons.

Accidents
On 29 June 2009, two passenger trains collided at Chenzhou station, leaving three people dead and 63 injured.

See also

 List of railways in China
 Beijing-Kowloon Railway
 Rail transport in China

References

Railway lines in China
Rail transport in Beijing
Rail transport in Hebei
Rail transport in Henan
Rail transport in Hubei
Rail transport in Hunan
Rail transport in Guangdong
Railway lines opened in 1957
1957 establishments in China

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: jquery localization issue with .NET 4.5 Control I have a .NET 4.5 .ascx control that renders html and a jquery script on the client page (server side, of course). I am currently localizing the site this control belongs to (haven't gotten to this control yet) and am experiencing some strange issues when changing the language(s) in IE9.
The control looks and works fine, when the browser language is set to ENGLISH. However when it's changed to any other language, the control does not respond to any of the jquery events. It renders as it should, and everything LOOKS good.. it just won't respond to any mouse over / out or click events.
If I set the browser language back to ENGLISH, everything works fine. Is there something I am missing?
Here is the control code (the .ascx page is just an asp.net literal) and the jquery script that it renders along with it:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.Configuration;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Text;

using MyCode.DBS.DataEntities;
using MyCode.DBS.BusinessCore;
using MyCode.DBS.Utilities;

namespace MyCode.DBS.WebCore.Controls
{
    public partial class MetroTiles : System.Web.UI.UserControl
    {
        // Global Crypto Key
        private string CRYPTO_KEY = Convert.ToString(HttpContext.Current.Application["CRYPTO_KEY"]);
        // Get Framework Image Location
        private string IMAGE_LOC = Convert.ToString(WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings["HDBSFrameworkImages"]);
        // Ratio of normal slide height (or width for horz) to tile height.
        private const decimal SLIDE_HW_RATIO = .3m;
        // Ratio of extended slide height (or width for horz) to normal slide height.
        private const decimal SLIDE_HW_EXT_RATIO = .5m;
        // Slide icon cell reservation size
        private const int SLIDE_ICON_CELL_SZ = 40;

        // TESTED 09/27/2013 - PASSED! - B. Nichols
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MetroTileGroup group = null;
            StringBuilder sb_HTML = null;
            int grpCellHeight = 0;
            int grpCellWidth = 0;
            int grpMarginTop = 0;
            int grpMarginLeft = 0;

            int tileCellHeight = 0;
            int tileCellWidth = 0;
            int tileHeight = 0;
            int tileWidth = 0;

            string tileCellSpan = string.Empty;
            string tileClass = string.Empty;
            string tileID = string.Empty;
            string tileCursorStyle = string.Empty;
            string tileBkGrndStyle = string.Empty;
            string tileSlideBkGrnd = string.Empty;
            bool tileActive = false;

            int tileSlideHeight = 0;
            int tileSlideWidth = 0;
            int tileSlideExt = 0;
            string tileSlideTable = string.Empty;
            string tileSlideMargin = string.Empty;

            int currentRow = 0;
            int prevRow = 0;

            try
            {
                // Check existance of CRYPTO_KEY
                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(CRYPTO_KEY))
                    throw new NullReferenceException("Application Encryption Key Not Found");

                // Get Tile Group & Associated Tiles
                group = Support.GetMetroGroup(this.TileGroupID, WebConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[this.ConnectionStringName], CRYPTO_KEY);
                if (group != null)
                {
                    // Set Tile Cell Dimentions (Group Table)
                    grpCellHeight = group.MetroStdTileHeight + (group.MetroBorderSize * 2) + (group.MetroMarginSize * 2);
                    grpCellWidth = group.MetroStdTileWidth + (group.MetroBorderSize * 2) + (group.MetroMarginSize * 2);

                    // Set TOP and LEFT Margins for Tile Group (Center)
                    grpMarginTop = (grpCellHeight * group.MetroGroupRows) / 2;
                    grpMarginLeft = (grpCellWidth * group.MetroGroupColumns) / 2;

                    // Initiate Group (Table) Layout
                    // Set Group Header
                    sb_HTML = new StringBuilder();
                    sb_HTML.AppendFormat("
\n",
                                         grpMarginTop.ToString(), grpMarginLeft.ToString());
                    sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t
");
                    sb_HTML.AppendFormat("\t\t\n",
                                         group.MetroGroupColumns.ToString());
                    sb_HTML.AppendFormat("\t\t\t{0}\n", Server.HtmlEncode(group.MetroGroupHeader));
                    sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t\t	");
                    sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t
");

                    // Set Individual Tiles
                    foreach (MetroTileItem tile in group.MetroGroupTiles)
                    {
                        // Set current row counter
                        currentRow = tile.TileItemRow;

                        // Check if table row tags need closed or opened (
                        if (!currentRow.Equals(prevRow))
                        {
                            // Close previous row tag (If not first row)
                            if (!prevRow.Equals(0))
                                sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t
");
                            sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t
");
                        }

                        // Get tile size by tile type
                        switch (tile.TileItemType)
                        {
                            case MetroTileType.Square:
                                tileID = string.Format("sTile_{0}", tile.TileItemID.ToString());
                                tileCellHeight = grpCellHeight;
                                tileCellWidth = grpCellWidth;
                                tileHeight = group.MetroStdTileHeight;
                                tileWidth = group.MetroStdTileWidth;
                                tileCellSpan = string.Empty;
                                break;
                            case MetroTileType.Vertical:
                                tileID = string.Format("vTile_{0}", tile.TileItemID.ToString());
                                tileCellHeight = grpCellHeight * 2;
                                tileCellWidth = grpCellWidth;
                                tileHeight = (group.MetroStdTileHeight * 2) + (group.MetroMarginSize * 2) + (group.MetroBorderSize * 4);
                                tileWidth = group.MetroStdTileWidth;
                                tileCellSpan = "rowspan=\"2\"";
                                break;
                            case MetroTileType.Horizontal:
                                tileID = string.Format("hTile_{0}", tile.TileItemID.ToString());
                                tileCellHeight = grpCellHeight;
                                tileCellWidth = grpCellWidth * 2;
                                tileHeight = group.MetroStdTileHeight;
                                tileWidth = (group.MetroStdTileWidth * 2) + (group.MetroMarginSize * 2) + (group.MetroBorderSize * 4);
                                tileCellSpan = "colspan=\"2\"";
                                break;
                        }

                        // Get tile hover effect
                        switch (tile.TileItemEffect)
                        {
                            case MetroTileHoverEffect.None:
                                break;
                            case MetroTileHoverEffect.Slide:
                                tileClass = "slideTile";
                                tileSlideBkGrnd = tile.TileItemForeground;
                                break;
                            case MetroTileHoverEffect.VerticalAxisFlip:
                                tileClass = "vertFlipTile";
                                break;
                            case MetroTileHoverEffect.HorizontalAxisFlip:
                                tileClass = "horzFlipTile";
                                break;
                        }

                        // Determine if tile is hyperlinked.
                        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tile.TileItemURL))
                        {
                            tileClass += " activeTile";
                            tileCursorStyle = "cursor: pointer;";
                            tileActive = true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            tileCursorStyle = string.Empty;
                            tileActive = false;
                        }

                        // Determine if blank (empty) tile
                        if ((!tileActive) && (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tile.TileItemLabel)) && (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tile.TileItemIcon)))
                            tileClass = "blankTile";

                        // Determine tile background
                        if (tile.TileItemBackground.StartsWith("#"))
                            tileBkGrndStyle = string.Format("background-color: {0};", tile.TileItemBackground);
                        else
                            tileBkGrndStyle = string.Format("background: url('{0}') center no-repeat;", tile.TileItemBackground);

                        // Initialize Row Cell
                        sb_HTML.AppendFormat("\t\t\n", tileCellWidth.ToString(), tileCellHeight.ToString(), tileCellSpan);

                        // Start Cell Tile
                        sb_HTML.AppendFormat("\t\t\t
\n", tileClass, tileID, tileBkGrndStyle, tileWidth.ToString(),
                                             tileHeight.ToString(), group.MetroMarginSize.ToString(), group.MetroBorderSize.ToString(), group.MetroBorderColor, tileCursorStyle);

                        // Add tile effects if not a blank tile
                        if (!tileClass.Equals("blankTile"))
                        {
                            // ** SLIDE TILES **
                            if (tile.TileItemEffect.Equals(MetroTileHoverEffect.Slide))
                            {
                                // Find slide margin by tile type and slide size;
                                switch (tile.TileItemType)
                                {
                                    case MetroTileType.Square:
                                    case MetroTileType.Vertical:
                                        tileSlideHeight = (int)Math.Round(tileHeight * SLIDE_HW_RATIO);
                                        tileSlideWidth = tileWidth;
                                        tileSlideExt = (int)Math.Round((tileSlideHeight * SLIDE_HW_EXT_RATIO) + tileSlideHeight);
                                        tileSlideMargin = "bottom: 0px;";
                                        tileSlideTable = string.Format("\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{4}\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t
", tileSlideWidth.ToString(), tileSlideHeight.ToString(), Convert.ToString(tileSlideWidth - SLIDE_ICON_CELL_SZ),
                                                         tileSlideHeight.ToString(), Server.HtmlEncode(tile.TileItemLabel).Replace("[NL]", "
"), tileSlideHeight, IMAGE_LOC);
                                        break;
                                    case MetroTileType.Horizontal:
                                        tileSlideHeight = tileHeight;
                                        tileSlideWidth = (int)Math.Round(tileWidth * SLIDE_HW_RATIO);
                                        tileSlideExt = (int)Math.Round((tileSlideWidth * SLIDE_HW_EXT_RATIO) + tileSlideWidth);
                                        tileSlideMargin = "left: 0px;";
                                        tileSlideTable = string.Format("\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t{4}\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t	\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n" +
                                                         "\t\t\t\t\t
", tileSlideWidth.ToString(), tileSlideHeight.ToString(), tileSlideWidth.ToString(), Convert.ToString(tileSlideHeight - SLIDE_ICON_CELL_SZ),
                                                         Server.HtmlEncode(tile.TileItemLabel).Replace("[NL]", "
"), tileSlideWidth, IMAGE_LOC);
                                        break;
                                }

                                // Initialize slide container
                                sb_HTML.AppendFormat("\t\t\t\t
\n", tile.TileItemForeground, tileSlideWidth.ToString(),
                                                     tileSlideHeight.ToString(), tileSlideMargin);

                                // Insert pre-composed table
                                sb_HTML.AppendLine(tileSlideTable);

                                // Close slide container
                                sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t\t\t\t
");

                                // Insert hidden anchor if tile is active
                                if (tileActive)
                                    sb_HTML.AppendFormat("\t\t\t\t\n", tile.TileItemURL);
                            }

                            // ** OTHER TILE EFFECTS ADDED HERE **
                        }

                        // End Cell Tile
                        sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t\t\t
");

                        // End Row Cell
                        sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t\t	");

                        // Set previous row counter
                        prevRow = currentRow;
                    }

                    // Close final row and group table (if tiles exist)
                    if (group.MetroGroupTiles.Count > 0)
                        sb_HTML.AppendLine("\t
");
                    sb_HTML.AppendLine("
");
                    sb_HTML.AppendLine();

                    // Get generated JQuery script for tile group
                    sb_HTML.AppendLine(CreateTileGroupScript(group));

                    // Release generated tile group to page content
                    this.litTileGrp.Text = sb_HTML.ToString();
                }
                else
                    throw new DataException(string.Format("Specified Tile Group '{0}' Does Not Exist.", this.TileGroupID.ToString()));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }

        }

        // TESTED 09/27/2013 - PASSED! - B. Nichols
        private string CreateTileGroupScript(MetroTileGroup group)
        {
            StringBuilder sb_Script = null;

            try
            {
                // The following string is created and formatted in such a way
                // to maintain readability while IN THIS CODE!.

                // Start Scripting Section
                sb_Script = new StringBuilder("");
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }

            return sb_Script.ToString();
        }

        public Guid TileGroupID { get; set; }
        public string ConnectionStringName { get; set; }
    }
}

Any help would be greatly appreciated! I am using jquery v2.0.3 and jquery UI v1.10.3
UPDATE: 12/11/2013
Was running through all the languages the site needs to support, and discovered the following (regarding the control mentioned above):
Portuguese    -    Not Working
Russian       -    Not Working
Chinese (Sim) -    WORKING!
English       -    WORKING!
Czech         -    Not Working
Dutch         -    Not Working
French        -    Not Working
Arabic        -    WORKING!
German        -    Not Working
Italian       -    Not Working
Japanese      -    WORKING!
Spanish       -    Not Working

Possible code page issue? (Stretching here!)

A: A fellow developer finally answered this question on the ASP.NET website. You can find that answer here:
http://forums.asp.net/p/1960248/5600510.aspx?p=True&t=635248678044426022&pagenum=1
Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Videocon dual SIM smartphone with 5 inch screen and 5MP auto focus primary camera features, Videocon A51 price in India is only Rs. 7,499 (best price) for buying from online shopping portals. Videocon A51 price in India in Mumbai, Delhi, Pune, Bangalore and Chennai will be around Rs. 7,999 in the retail stores (close to MRP). Videocon A51 features include VGA camera at front end, G and proximity sensors and A-GPS and Wi-fi for connectivity. Videocon A51 specifications include 1GHz processor, Android 4.0 ICS OS, 4GB of ROM and 512MB of RAM for average quality processing speed.
Videocon A51 price is slightly lower than usual mid range price smartphones in India but has features which in many ways are match for them. Videocon A51 comes with 5MP primary camera which has LED flash and auto focus for good quality photography even in dim light conditions. The smartphone has been powered with Bluetooth with A2DP for file sharing, A-GPS for navigation new locations and Wi-Fi for fast speed internet access. Videocon A51 also comes with G sensor which will add to better gaming experience and proximity sensor which will make user interface for more interactive.
Videocon A51 specifications are quite interesting as well as impressive especially for its screen, memory and SIM options. The handset comes with 5 inch screen with capacitive multi touch quality which is good to see in a smartphone of this price range. Videocon A51 comes with 1GHz processor and 512MB RAM which together will give good performance mainly for light and medium type of applications. The smartphone comes with 4GB of ROM which again is impressive and can be further expanded up to 32GB with the microSD card.
Videocon A51 price and feature especially when it comes to screen, camera and processing will make this smartphone suitable even for professional users. One of the main drawbacks of Videocon A51 is low level front camera and hence users can enjoy only basic quality video chatting.


text:
More women heading to Sabarimala? Cops on high alert
It is still unknown if the women devotees will reach the shrine today.
Security beefed up in Pamba . (Photo|ANI)
By Online Desk
PAMBA: The Kerala Police have stepped up security at the base camps of Sabarimala on Saturday with unconfirmed reports about 13 women devotees with the support of 50 male devotees are planning to enter the hill shrine.
#Sabarimala Tension building up at Sabarimala on Saturday morning as rumours grow strong that a group of 13 women devotees with the support of 50 male devotees are planning to enter Sabarimala @NewIndianXpress
— ajay kanth (@ajaykanth7) October 20, 2018
Prohibitory order, which had been in place in Sabarimala, Ilavunkal and Pamba, has been extended to Monday when the shrine gets shut down after pujas for the month of Thulam.
READ| Sabarimala row: Will visit again when I turn 50, says 9-year-old TN girl with placard
BJP leader K Surendran said that the Ayyappa devotees would continue their protest to ensure that women in the age group of 10 to 50 do not enter Sabarimala.
War of words continued over women's entry into Sabarimala when (CPI-M) general secretary Sitaram Yechury compared the violence in Sabarimala with the uproar witnessed during the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya.
VHP spokesperson Vinod Bansal said the Sabarimala Temple was southern India's Ayodhya.
Speaking to ANI, Bansal thanked the devotees who have been aggressively protesting against the Supreme Court's verdict that quashed restrictions imposed on the entry of women into the Sabarimala temple.
"Good that Sitharam Yechury has himself compared Sabarimala with Ayodhya because yes Sabarimala is South's Ayodhya. The way sanctity, religious belief and the serenity of Sabarimala have been attacked shows the reality of the CPI (M).
READ| Caught in a bind over Sabarimala, Left begins damage control
The CPI (M) remains blind and ignorant on Kerala nun suffering, the way non-Hindus are appointed in Travancore Devaswom Board. I appreciate and thank the people who are protesting and saving the sanctity of the temple," the VHP spokesperson said.
52-year-old woman pays darshan at Sabarimala amid protests
A 52-year-old woman devotee from tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu managed to trek to the hill shrine and paid a darshan of the Lord.
Suspecting that she was below 50, protesters stopped Latha at entrance of the shrine and asked her to produce documents for proof of age.
Latha said this was the second time she had come to temple for darshan.
Later, police intervened and let her into the temple with protection.
Kerala Police Sabarimala protest Sabarimala shutdown Sabarimala women's entry
Karunakar Narayan
out of the four women who have come forward two have been activists and have nothing to do with devotion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Take care of your money, and your money will take care of you. Think longer-term. Let your everyday, small choices push you forward in your life. Growella shows you how.
Life insurance is a type of insurance which pays cash upon a specific person's death. Life insurance is available in several varieties. The most common type of life insurance is Term Life Insurance, which lasts for a fixed number of years, pays cash upon death, and carries ultra-low annual premiums.
Secured credit cards are "pre-paid" credit cards. They're common with first-time credit card holders, and by anyone who wants to improve their credit scores. Secured credit cards are available via most credit card issuers.
Your MoneyWhat Is A Credit Card?
A credit card is a cash-like instrument used to buy things. Using a credit card is similar to "running a tab" at a restaurant or a bar. You buy things, with a promise to pay for them later. Everyone should own at least one credit card.


Can a webhook on the final page of a survey return a redirect?
After my respondents complete a one-page survey they go to a brief "thank you" page, which triggers an HTTPConnect action that sends all the parameters / values that they entered to a webhook on my web server.
I see that my webhook can return a value — it just isn't clear to me that I can return a redirect.
I also see that I can set a delay, and then redirect the user — but, I'm not sure how to pass the unique_id back to SurveyGizmo and have you use it in the redirect. (And, it seems non-ideal because if I set the delay too short, I might not have enough time to return the unique_id, and if I set it too long the user might navigate away from SurveyGizmo.
Thank you Dominic, that solved my problem. I just needed to think about this as a redirect to my webhook, rather than as a sub-request using HTTPConnect.
As an aside, for anyone else in this situation: I'm not sure why SurveyGizmo won't let you do a redirect after a 1-page form (survey) — but, you can work around this by creating a 2nd page that just displays a "Please wait a moment while we process your information" message, and then do a 0 second redirect to your website.
I don't think that's it — the survey respondent could simply submit the form once they had completed it, then SG could process it in whatever way was appropriate (such as saving all the values to the database), then return your redirect. This could even be done in addition to an HTTPConnect sub-request.
I've been scratching my head on why SG doesn't allow HTTPConnects or URL redirects after the first page of a survey. It sort of feels to me like an old design decision that people know was a bad decision, but fixing it means having to rewrite a bunch of code that nobody wants to touch.
I'm not sure how this all plays into your web-hook but perhaps this information is helpful..


text:
Elisa Leonelli
Film, Photography
Remembering Dudley Moore
I was still living in my hometown of Modena when I first saw Bedazzled (1967), the irreverent British comedy directed by Stanley Donen, so it was dubbed in Italian and titled Il mio amico diavolo, but I found it wickedly delicious. Peter Cook played the devil who, helped by the seven deadly sins, offers seven wishes to a young cook, Dudley Moore, in exchange for his soul.
Dudley Moore (c) Elisa Leonelli
It was a dream come true when, many years later, in November 1980, after I had moved to Los Angeles and was working as a photo-journalist, I was entrusted with the assignment to photograph Dudley Moore in his Marina Del Rey home for the magazine Intro. By then the success of the film 10 (1979) directed by Blake Edwards with Bo Derek and Julie Andrews had made him a movie star in America. Dudley was game and posed for my Nikon cameras in every room of the house against various backdrops, that I had lit with my portable Norman 200B strobe diffused with an umbrella and captured on vibrant Kodachrome. He changed his clothes from a yellow sweater to a green one, he made funny faces and gestures, he was delightful and sweet. The published article's headline was his nickname "Cuddly Dudley."
I interviewed Dudley for Arthur (1981) with Liza Minnelli, for Six Weeks (1982) a drama directed by Tony Bill, for Micki and Maude (1984) by Blake Edwards. I photographed him at the Golden Globes in 1982, when he won Best Actor for Arthur, accompanied by his girlfriend Susan Anton, and at the Oscars in 1988.
I was familiar with his work as an actor and had a real fondness for Dudley, but only recently I read the 2004 biography by Rena Fruchter, Dudley Moore: An Intimate Portrait, and learnt more about his seven year battle with the rare neurological disease PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy) that took his life on March 27, 2002 at age 66. He was married four times, to Suzy Kendall (1968-1972), to Tuesday Weld (1975-1980) with whom he had a son, Patrick, to Brogan Lane (1988-1991), and to Nicole Rothschild (1994-1998) with whom he had another son, Nicholas. He was a classical concert pianist and performed at Carnegie Hall, he composed music, including the soundtracks for Bedazzled and Six Weeks.
Elisa Leonelli, Dudley Moore (c) HFPA 1982
When asked about the comedians that make him laugh, he mentions Peter Sellers, Marcel Marceau, Jacques Tati, Fernandel, Terry Thomas, John Cleese, Alistair Sim, Bob Hope, Jerry Lewis, Steve Martin, Bill Murray.
On religion: "My father's great interest in life was the Church. I spent time as a choirboy from the age of 6, and I was struggling with the idea of God and religion for a long time when I was young. But I've now abandoned it, which is a great relief. The essence of people as they are is enough for me."
On marriage: "l'm not against it. It's a nice and cozy gesture to make with somebody. lt's saying that you really like to be with that person. If you expect it to be any more than that, you might get into trouble. Promises of lifelong trust are very dangerous things."
Hollywood, 10, arthur, comedies, dudley moore
Elisa Leonelli, a photo-journalist and film critic, member of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, interviews directors and movie stars, as well as artists, musicians and writers, for international and domestic publications. Formerly Film Editor of VENICE, Los Angeles Arts and Entertainment magazine, currently Los Angeles Correspondent for the Italian film monthly BEST MOVIE, author of the critical essay, "Robert Redford and the American West."


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New paper out! An anomalous Red-winged Blackbird song
August 8, 2022 August 8, 2022 / samsnowscience / Leave a comment
In this natural history note published in the Canadian Field-Naturalist, colleagues and I describe a "highly anomalous" song we heard while out birding in a marsh around Ottawa, Ontario. The very strange two-note song piqued our interest, and we were surprised to see it coming out of a male Red-winged Blackbird doing a typical territorial display, but sounding not at all typical! We recorded it on two separate occasions- you can listen to what it sounded like here on left, recorded by lead author Brandon Edwards and accessioned in the Macaulay Library. Compare the sound and spectrogram to a more typical song on the right:
https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/330098611
The anomalous Red-winged Blackbird song
A "typical" Red-winged Blackbird song
In the paper we review the various possible causes for aberrant bird song known in the literature, including malnourishment while young. We speculate that in this case, however, the bird was likely deaf from a young age. Though this is possibly just one idiosyncratic example, this highlights the importance of always being on the lookout for new and strange things around you- each little natural history note contributes to a constellation of data points that can show us how the world is changing or how our original thinking might be wrong!
New Position at IAST, France
July 22, 2022 / samsnowscience / 2 Comments
In September 2021, I made a big move across the ocean to the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST) for a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. The IAST, a part of the Toulouse School of Economics, is a broadly interdisciplinary institute with the unified goal of studying and understanding human behavior, evolution, and our place in the world. Faculty, fellows and visitors include Economists, Political Scientists, Psychologists, Anthropologists, Historians, Sociologists, and of course, some Evolutionary Biologists! I'm excited to contribute to and learn from this fantastic community of diverse scholars over the next couple of years in beautiful Toulouse! I will be continuing to work on sexual selection and sexual conflict theory, while also building collaborations and new applications for dynamic social network models.
Check out this fantastic interview video the media team put together where I talk a bit about my research and about Toulouse!
The new TSE building, where the IAST is housed
My beautiful office!
The Garrone
View from my office window of the dome at St Pierre
My PhD Defense!
April 9, 2021 / samsnowscience / 1 Comment
I am pleased to announce that I successfully defended my PhD dissertation on October 19, 2020! After a leave of absence due to a traumatic brain injury (I'm doing a lot better now!), and then delays due to COVID, I am so, so grateful to have arrived at the point of finishing my doctorate.
At first I was disappointed that it had to happen over Zoom in classic pandemic style, but I have to say that there are several advantages to the increased accessibility that comes along with the format. Friends, colleagues, and loved ones from all over the world were able to attend (far more than would have been able to make the trip to New Haven on a weekday!), and as an added bonus, my public talk could be recorded and now shared here!
Thanks so much to my PhD advisor Dr. Richard Prum for his flattering introduction and to my committee, Drs. Maria Servedio, Suzanne Alonzo, David Vasseur, and Tom Near, as well as to my collaborators on the featured Sage Grouse work: Drs. Gail Patricelli, Alan Krakauer, and Anna Perry, Ryane Logsdon, and Dr. Carter Butts.
For sexual behavior, math, networks, and birds:


The Type P is another blink-and-you'll-miss-it vehicle from Speed Racer, even though it is possibly the most repeated design of car used in the Casa Cristo race. The two-seated roadster is very similar to both the Type O and Type L street cars, but has a broad grill behind the cockpit instead of a jet-engine airbox. While the best example is the Juicy Drop Pop car, over a half dozen versions of this design can be seen in the opening moments of the race, weaving among the archways of the Muqranna*— including one that tries to take out Speed and explodes** against a pillar. *This is what the race announcers call the vast hall of pillars, according to closed caption subtitles. Not sure if this is correct or not — does anyone have the official movie script paperback? It could just be muqranna is a word they coined for the movie, one that's based on a real word. Considering "muqrana" is Maltese slang for "a woman who cheats on her man," and muqarna is a "decorative device in Islamic architecture" used to create ceiling patterns in archways, I'm going to go with the later, in spite of the difference in spelling. **Amusingly enough, even though the above car is soon destroyed, it shows up in a later portion of the race when it is seen cruising in front of the "Aqueducts of Sassicaia" for a split second. Whoops, somebody in Continuity is gonna get fired! As for the Type P, after a few sightings as the race heads out into the desert, the car unfortunately disappears from the movie.


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Provides an HBase Thrift
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org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated

Uses of TIllegalArgument in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2

Methods in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2 that throw TIllegalArgument

 void
ThriftHBaseServiceHandler.closeScanner(int scannerId)

 List<TResult>
ThriftHBaseServiceHandler.getScannerRows(int scannerId,
               int numRows)

Uses of TIllegalArgument in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated

Fields in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated declared as TIllegalArgument

 TIllegalArgument
THBaseService.getScannerRows_result.ia

          if the scannerId is invalid

 TIllegalArgument
THBaseService.closeScanner_result.ia

          if the scannerId is invalid

Methods in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated that return TIllegalArgument

 TIllegalArgument
TIllegalArgument.deepCopy()

 TIllegalArgument
THBaseService.getScannerRows_result.getIa()

          if the scannerId is invalid

 TIllegalArgument
THBaseService.closeScanner_result.getIa()

          if the scannerId is invalid

 TIllegalArgument
TIllegalArgument.setMessage(String message)

Methods in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated with parameters of type TIllegalArgument

 int
TIllegalArgument.compareTo(TIllegalArgument other)

 boolean
TIllegalArgument.equals(TIllegalArgument that)

 THBaseService.getScannerRows_result
THBaseService.getScannerRows_result.setIa(TIllegalArgument ia)

          if the scannerId is invalid

 THBaseService.closeScanner_result
THBaseService.closeScanner_result.setIa(TIllegalArgument ia)

          if the scannerId is invalid

Methods in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated that throw TIllegalArgument

 void
THBaseService.Iface.closeScanner(int scannerId)

          Closes the scanner.

 void
THBaseService.Client.closeScanner(int scannerId)

 List<TResult>
THBaseService.AsyncClient.getScannerRows_call.getResult()

 void
THBaseService.AsyncClient.closeScanner_call.getResult()

 List<TResult>
THBaseService.Iface.getScannerRows(int scannerId,
               int numRows)

          Grabs multiple rows from a Scanner.

 List<TResult>
THBaseService.Client.getScannerRows(int scannerId,
               int numRows)

 void
THBaseService.Client.recv_closeScanner()

 List<TResult>
THBaseService.Client.recv_getScannerRows()

Constructors in org.apache.hadoop.hbase.thrift2.generated with parameters of type TIllegalArgument

THBaseService.closeScanner_result(TIOError io,
                                  TIllegalArgument ia)

THBaseService.getScannerRows_result(List<TResult> success,
                                    TIOError io,
                                    TIllegalArgument ia)

TIllegalArgument(TIllegalArgument other)

          Performs a deep copy on other.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Spanish television claim Napoli wide attacker Jose Callejon will join Atletico Madrid this week for €15m.
According to TVE, a deal is imminent between the two clubs.
Callejon joined the Partenopei two years ago from Real Madrid, suggested by then-Coach Rafa Benitez.
Selling the Spaniard for €15m would represent a tidy profit for Napoli.
New Coach Maurizio Sarri has already brought in Mirko Valdifiori from Empoli.
There are several players who do not fit into his plans, including Callejon and Belgium international Dries Mertens.
Callejon has scored 32 goals and provided 18 assists in all competition for Napoli during 111 appearances.
His performances in Serie A helped earn him two senior Spain caps.


The brand new Master´s degree programme Entrepreneurship In the Art, Music, Media & Marketing requires 60 ECTS. The studies are intended for active professionals in the fields of the music business who wants to further their career development. The different professional and cultural backgrounds of the students will provide a dynamic and interactive learning environment. The programme is organised as part-time studies which will include contact and distance studies. During the studies, you develop and work with projects linked to working life based on your own musical profile.
The degree programme offers you a unique opportunity to upgrade your entrepreneurial skills as well as ways of communicating your artistic practice. You will also have the chance to establish international contacts in order to expand your field of professional activity. The studies are aimed for professional musicians with a Bachelor or Master degree and at least three years' (36 months) work experience in the music business.
The program has an international profile and experts from various fields in the music industry will be featured. They will both lecture and work as supervisors and mentors for you during your individual work process throughout the program.
Professor Richard Smith will be your mentor and artistic leader of the program. Richard has a long international recording and performing career behind him and teaches musicians at one of the premier universities schools in the United States. Read more about Richard here.
The programme leads to a higher professional qualification and it is strongly focused on creating the conditions for being active in the music industry at an international level, based on the musicians musical profile and identity. After studying in this programme, the student should have the knowledge to develop and find the right market and the right scenes to reach out with his or her product. The student should also have ability to network and create materials and strategies for marketing his or her artistic profile and product.
The studies are aimed for professional musicians with a Bachelor or Master degree and at least 36 months of work experience in the field of the music business.
The thesis comprises of 30 ECTS and it will be a comprehensive individual project where you will develop your own professional profile in the music industry. It will show your production and presentation methods and should focus on visualizing your artistic and musical identity. Your work with the final project leads to an finished product (such as a DVD, CD, media and marketing plan, major music production, concert, etc.) that shows what you have learned throughout the program and which insights you have gained. The thesis consists of preparation, research methodology, research, scientific writing and project work. Mentorship and continuous feedback are an important part of the thesis.
An international learning environment will be realised by students and teachers having an international background and experience.
During the studies, you will visit London to stay in the heart of the international music industry. You will get to know the industry from different perspectives and actively network with musicians and industry people based on your own artistic profile. The students will also visit Agder University in Norway. There will all the students together create a joint development project in the music industry.
The programme will also be visited by international and national guest lecturers in the industry and within the various sub-courses.


you leave your youth, the adult stage.
I am grown up, let me be.
But do I want to be set free?
To be alone, to just be me?
and let me grow, to be my best.
supported by, the love I know.
Welcome in the "adult age" ... but I thought you already were with us, the warrior of love!


text:
TheExtremistModerate
You've been invited to try out reddit's new mobile website!
try reddit's mobile websiteNo thanks
ELI5: How do we know that the Great Pyramids were not built by slaves but by paid workers?
TheExtremistModerate [score hidden] 3 hours ago
All I was saying was that the evidence it did not happen is not as decisive as people think.
There does not have to be evidence that something didn't happen. There has to be evidence that something did happen.
And there is no evidence that there was a mass exodus of Jewish slaves from Egypt. Ever.
I literally sourced it for you.
Hidden by a paywall. I'm not spending money on a Reddit argument.
If it was true, it should be available in multiple places, not just one paywalled source.
This whole argument is you trying to prove that Exodus was right. Part of that is the idea that there were a huge population of Jewish slaves.
On top of that, you still haven't shown a sudden abandonment of Avaris. Instead, everything I have found has said that some of Avaris remained populated for a while, while the Egyptians build graveyards all over the city around when they were building Pi-Ramesses.
Where did you get that number
In the part that I omitted with the ellipsis.
I claimed nothing of the sort
You're forgetting your own words at this point.
"Avaris, the main city of Goshen, where the Hebrew slaves lived, suddenly became virtually abandoned"
The source indicates hundreds of thousands of people suddenly leaving the city. The Hyksos were a people, not a "ruling class."
And you still haven't shown me anything that shows the city being fully abandoned later on, or any evidence that the people living there were "Hebrew slaves."
I did not miss that part. But that's the only instance where I can find people "abandoned" Avaris.
Thomas Schneider places the conquest in year 18 of Ahmose's reign. However, excavations of Tell El-Dab'a (Avaris) show no widespread destruction of the city, which instead seems to have been abandoned by the Hyksos. Manetho, as recorded in Josephus, states that the Hyksos were allowed to leave after concluding a treaty:
Although Manetho indicates that the Hyksos population was expelled to the Levant, there is no archaeological evidence for this, and Manfred Bietak argues on the basis of archaeological finds throughout Egypt that it is likely that numerous Asiatics were resettled in other locations in Egypt as artisans and craftsmen.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos
I never said all of the Semitic peoples in Avaris were Hyksos. But they are the ones who "disappeared" from the city.
That's who you're thinking of, too. The abandonment of Avaris was the Hyksos being defeated in war by the Egyptians, and leaving the city (most likely due to a treaty that allowed them to live if they left, or something similar).
There was no mass exodus of Israelites, let alone Israelite slaves.
Behind a paywall.
The only thing I'm aware of about Avaris is that the Hyksos took it over and founded a Semitic (but not necessarily Jewish) dynasty. And then the Egyptians waged war against the Hyksos and took back those cities that the Hyksos had taken over.
So if you're referring to the Hyksos, they were (1) not slaves and (2) might not have even been Jewish.
I mean, what I found could be wrong. Archeologists are frequently finding things that predate other things that were formerly "the earliest [thing]." Might be that the receipt for alcohol was discovered after the clothing one.
From what I can see, the oldest known piece of writing was a receipt for clothing 5000 years ago.
There was no mass exodus of Jewish slaves in the New Kingdom, either.
The rest of the rooms on my floor have their unplugged phones and chairs in the hallway. There are two guys in suits watching over things.
TheExtremistModerate 0 points1 point2 points 10 hours ago
Inductive reasoning, actually.
[ONE] Mandible Justicar — Impressive monster design
TheExtremistModerate 22 points23 points24 points 18 hours ago
Double the mouths for double the prayer.
TheExtremistModerate 1 point2 points3 points 19 hours ago
It really had nothing to do with McAuliffe. McAuliffe put out a LOT of issues-based materials. Loudoun also didn't really have anything to do with it.
It was all a nationalized election, and a bunch of "impressionable" voters decided to use it as a protest vote against Biden, whom they believed controlled inflation and gas prices.
We know it was nationalized because New Jersey saw a nearly identical red shift from 4 years prior, and Murphy's campaign was just fine.
TheExtremistModerate 5 points6 points7 points 19 hours ago
The thing is, Democrats DID vote. Turnout was over 55% in 2021. In 2017 it was only 47.6% (which was even higher than 2013). The wave election that gave Dems a trifecta 2 years prior had 42% turnout.
The problem is that a bunch of swing voters bought into the bullshit about Biden controlling inflation and gas prices, and voted Republican as a protest. The same thing happened in New Jersey, but luckily New Jersey has a wider +D margin than Virginia, so Murphy was able to squeak it out.
This isn't the only thing, either. Virginia Democrats are the poster children for "Yes, Democrats do things." For the first time in decades, Dems won a trifecta in 2019.
For two years following, Democrats increased the minimum wage, enshrined LGBTQ rights in the constitution, passed red flag gun laws, mandated a carbon-neutral energy grid, created citizen-run police oversight boards, decriminalized marijuana, LEGALIZED marijuana the following year, and a whole host of other things that are less flashy.
All of that was done with single-seat majorities in both houses. Almost the smallest possible majority.
'BLADE' star Stephen Dorff says most superhero movies are "garbage" and "embarrassing," adding: "Nobody's remembering 'BLACK ADAM' at the end of the day."
TheExtremistModerate -1 points0 points1 point 21 hours ago
Says the guy in the superhero movie that no one remembers at the end of the day.
The green bean size difference between the No Salt Added can and regular can.
Because you're an anti-science, anti-reality anti-vaxxer.
Seriously. Get some help.
This guy gets it.
You're probably one of those people who doesn't get a yearly flu shot.
TheExtremistModerate 0 points1 point2 points 1 day ago
Seek help.
TheExtremistModerate 1 point2 points3 points 1 day ago
The reference.
Your head.
Keep going, I'm almost there.


text:
Ophiura grubei är en ormstjärneart som beskrevs av Heller 1863. Ophiura grubei ingår i släktet Ophiura och familjen fransormstjärnor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fransormstjärnor
grubei


Eugenio could hear his footsteps echoing behind him as he made his way along the narrow calle that led from his apartment block into Campo dei Apostoli. He hadn't thought of checking before he left, so he wasn't sure of the time. He guessed that it was about six o'clock, the day having hardly woken. Not surprising for so early on New Year's morning, there wasn't a soul around. The weather was dull and overcast, but not particularly cold, which was just as well, because he was coatless, not having thought of that either. He had just wanted to get out as quickly as possible, to feel the air on his face, to walk and walk.
He planned to take his usual route across the campo, then along Strada Nova, over Ponte delle Guglie and on up to Ponte dei Scalzi. Sometimes, when he felt the need for it, he would cross over the Grand Canal at that point and wind his way through Santa Croce's maze of calli, returning via Ponte di Rialto, going in a full circle. However, he was sure this morning that the walk to Scalzi and back would be enough to exhaust him, to ensure that he could lie down with a blank mind and sleep, not having to think about Vera or his job or this city.
As he entered the campo, he immediately caught sight of his office along to the right: the bright red door; the big windows on either side, advertising properties for sale on one and properties for rent on the other; the large sign stretching above the door and windows, white letters on a red background, spelling out the name 'Grimboli' and the words 'Property Solutions' in English underneath. Grimboli was an Italian company, but with offices in London and New York, as well as throughout Italy, it liked to think of itself as a truly international organisation.
His heart sank when he saw the office. It would be another two days before it opened again. He dreaded going back to the same dreary business, but he dreaded worse the long emptiness between now and then. It wasn't that he was alone in the city, he kept reminding himself; on the contrary, he had a good number of friends who lived there. To begin with, there was Susanna, his assistant from the office, and there was her husband, Giorgio; they were good people, so sympathetic during this awful time. There were also some acquaintances in the same line of business as him, other agenti immobiliare. And, of course, there were his English and American friends, people for whom he had secured properties and with whom he regularly socialised. Only last night, he had been at the home of two of those friends, an elderly English couple, celebrating the arrival of the New Year with them, their first as residents of Venice. He had drunk champagne on their altana and watched as the fireworks burst over the laguna. It had been a very pleasant time, and he had felt good for that short while. It was after three o'clock when he returned to his apartment, but he had slept for only a few hours. When he got up, he had put on last night's suit and shirt. He hadn't bothered shaving. He hadn't even washed. He had needed to get out of the apartment before it suffocated him. Now here he was: unshaved, unwashed, unkempt, the effect of the champagne still buzzing in his head, the taste of it still at the back of his throat. He knew how dishevelled he must have appeared. He knew also that his clothes were hanging on him, that he looked like a scarecrow.
His friends nagged at him to take better care of himself.
He wanted to believe her. He did believe her. But the plain fact of the matter was that he hadn't been able to eat properly for the last three months, ever since Vera had left.
He stopped suddenly in the middle of the campo and looked up pleadingly at the grey sky. Fighting back the tears, he wondered when the aching would stop. He wanted to know if he would ever be at peace again. But there were no answers up there. When he looked down, he found himself staring through tear-filled eyes at the rear of the palazzo Ca' da Mosto. He recalled how much he disliked Francesco da Mosto. Count Francesco da Mosto, he corrected himself, the smug, podgy TV presenter and so-called historian, whose family used to own the palazzo. Although Francesco was adored by every Venetian and by the large majority of Italians elsewhere, Eugenio had no time for him, regarding him as someone who had neither worked nor wanted in his whole life. Another pampered aristocratico, he was about to conclude, but he halted the train of thought, rebuking himself not only for his meanness and nastiness, especially on Capodanno, but also for being in such a mess. Then he continued walking, briskly this time.
As he turned the corner into Strada Nova, the dryness inside his mouth reminded him that he hadn't had any caffè since waking up. Glancing to his left and right, hoping to find a bar open, he noticed that the street, a normally busy one even that early in the morning, was empty as far ahead as he could see. Then something strange occurred. He could hear music. He recognised the strains of Vivaldi's 'Winter'. It was the music of Venezia! The violins were loud and clear, swooping over him, threatening to lift him up and sweep him away with them. But they weren't playing outside on the street; they were there inside his head! He had heard that same music at the party the night before when the fireworks were cascading through the sky. He realised that he must have been carrying the sound in his head since then and that he could hear it again now because of the silence – because for the first time in his experience that perpetually noisy, teeming city had fallen silent, utterly silent.
Distracted by the music, without consciously doing so, he turned off Strada Nova and into the sliver of a ramo that leads to the side entrance to the palazzo Ca' d'Oro and, further on, to the vaporetto landing station of that name. He marched straight down to the platform in front of the deserted landing station, where he stopped to gaze out at the Grand Canal, which was also deserted. There were no vaporetti in sight, no traghetto, no gondolas. The only movement that he could detect was that of a solitary seagull wheeling high above.
As he regarded the dirty-looking water surrounding the platform, he remembered how he and Vera would come down there early in the morning after drinking caffè at the little bar opposite the entrance to the ramo. She would catch the vaporetto to Ca' Rezonnico, from where she had a short walk to her work in Campo Santa Margherita, while he would get that day's first 'fix' of his beloved Grand Canal before going to his office. On the very spot that he was standing on now, he would hug and kiss Vera when the vaporetto pulled in, and he would wave to her when it pulled away, not leaving until she and it were well out of sight. Those moments will never be repeated, he sighed to himself. They seemed such a long time ago, a lifetime ago. A pang of longing for Vera almost took his breath away, and his eyes misted again. He turned away sharply. As he walked back up the ramo, the music inside his head stopped abruptly; it was as if someone had snatched the stylus arm away from a gramophone record.
Resuming his journey along Strada Nova, he tried for perhaps the thousandth time to analyse where things had gone wrong with Vera. As ever, he went back to the beginning, when he first met her. That must have been at least five years ago, he reckoned. He had recently arrived from Roma, his home city, to work in Grimboli's London office. She was twenty-nine, he only two years older. Unlike those cheap-looking, dyed women back home, she was a true blonde, with blue eyes to boot, his own English rose. She was a language teacher. She taught French and Spanish – and Italian, of all things. Even then, his English was very good, so they could communicate fluently in two languages. In no time at all, they were living together. A year later, they were married. Then a couple of years after that came his big promotion: he was appointed manager of Grimboli's office in Venice. There was no hesitation; they moved there and bought an apartment with Grimboli's help. She took up a teaching job in the language school in Campo Santa Margherita, teaching English this time to Italian students. And for a while they enjoyed each other and their life together in La Serenissima, the most beautiful city in the world.
He clenched his fists as the memories coursed through him: the many hours that they had spent lovingly furnishing their little apartment; the music and opera recitals throughout the city that they had gone to in the evenings after work; the weekend visits to all those ancient churches to explore their hidden art treasures; the countless vaporetto trips with the wind in their hair; those beautiful Sunday afternoons when they had strolled along the Molo and around Piazza San Marco. He could picture them now, sitting outside at Caffè Quadri, sipping Bellinis and people-watching as the sun slowly dropped down behind the rooftops ... He shook his head to banish any further images of him and Vera. Yes, he almost shouted inwardly, it had all been like a fairy tale come true!
So what happened to bring the fairy tale to an end? he asked himself angrily. Why, less than a year after arriving there, did she become a different person, so much quieter than before, so morose and unhappy? He had been convinced that it was him to blame, but she denied it, claiming that it was the experience of living there that had changed her. He should have recognised the signs. He should have heeded her when she first complained about the Venetians. Yes, that was when it began. She came home one evening and said that the local people were rude, that they pushed and blatantly queue-jumped when getting on and off the vaporetti, that they behaved the same way at the supermarket and the baker's and the butcher's – in fact, everywhere they went. She complained about being ignored by the assistants in those shops, because she was a foreigner, not one of them. She said that, even though she could speak the language, the assistants often pretended not to understand her.
'It's like a bloody game to them!' she used to exclaim.
Not long after that, she began to complain at length about the behaviour of the local residents on the streets. Because of the narrowness of the streets in Venice and the large number of people always on them, the custom is to help the flow of pedestrians by walking on the right. Although Vera acknowledged that many tourists didn't know about the custom and therefore didn't adhere to it, she asserted that the real culprits were the Venetians themselves. She said that she had watched them deliberately flaunt the custom by walking where they wanted, as if only they had the right of way.
Her next complaints were about the dishonesty of the shopkeepers in Venice. She bought a pair of shoes one afternoon. They fitted her perfectly in the shop, but when she tried them on at home she discovered that they were far too big. She was certain that the shopkeeper had swapped the pair she had tried on with a less popular size. She had described it as 'sleight of hand'. Only a day or so later, she arrived home with a brand new watch, an expensive one, which she had purchased somewhere close to the Rialto. She said that it had looked so good in the dimly lit shop. In the better light of their apartment, however, it became obvious to her that the watch was poorly made and deliberately overpriced.
And then, to cap it all, the turisti came into her sights. She couldn't hold back any longer the sheer frustration that she felt about them; what she saw as a constant invasion by them of the streets, the shops, the vaporetti, the very life of the city.
And how had he reacted to her growing unhappiness? Like an idiota, of course! In a typical, macho Italian way, he had told her that all Italians were rude, never queuing, always pushing and jostling. It was in their blood, he had said, and he didn't regard the Venetians as any worse. As for dishonesty, he had simply stated that all shopkeepers everywhere were dishonest if they could get away with it.
No, he hadn't been sympathetic at all. He had urged her to rise above those things, to ignore the tourists, to enjoy the beauty of the city and their wonderful life together. What a fool he had been! He had been too busy living his dream to understand how she felt. He had been too quick to dismiss the idea that she would not want to go on living in such a scintillating wonderland as Venice.
Then she had decided to return to London – for 'a short holiday', she had said. That was three months ago. He had spoken to her many times on the phone since then. He had pleaded with her. He had cajoled her. But it had been of no use; she had remained steadfast, vowing never to return. It had taken him a long time, but he was resigned now to the fact that their marriage and their life together were over. So there he was on New Year's morning, a dishevelled, emaciated figure, wandering through that lifeless city and feeling deeply miserable.
Lost in those depressing thoughts about Vera and her reasons for leaving, he didn't realise that he had left Strada Nova far behind. He had progressed from one empty campo to the next and he had crossed four bridges, all without noticing. As if he had been transported there, he suddenly found himself at the top of a fifth bridge, the wide Ponte delle Guglie. He was standing with his back to the Ghetto, staring down past Palazzo Labia to the junction of the Cannaregio and Grand Canals.
He stepped down the other side of the bridge, smiling bitterly. It's ironic, he said to himself, but I'm only now understanding the things that had troubled Vera so much. He had recently personally experienced rudeness in the shops, having been kept waiting while local people were served before him; he was Italian, the same as them, but he had been treated like an outsider, just as Vera had. He had witnessed the locals, especially the older ones, barging their way onto and off the vaporetti. He had also witnessed the arrogant behaviour of some Venetians on the streets as they defied the right-hand side rule and maliciously caused obstructions. Only a few days ago, he had watched two elderly ladies, both with shopping trolleys, come from either side of a very narrow bridge and stop to chat in the middle while the whole of Venice squeezed past them. He had been so angry that he had felt like lifting up those old hags and hurling them down into the canale below!
He reached Campo San Geremia, which was deserted like all the others. Passing through it and heading into the canyon of dimly lit hotels and shuttered shops that would take him straight to the Ponte dei Scalzi, he heard the bells of the campanile behind him burst into life, breaking the silence all around. He was so engrossed decrying the behaviour of the Venetians that he lost count of the number of peals and wasn't sure if the bells had announced six or seven o'clock.
And, di sicuro, there are the turisti, he muttered to himself; hordes upon hordes of them. It seemed to him that there were more of them every day. The very street that he was walking on was always clogged with them as they made their way to and from Rialto and San Marco. He had been immune to them before, but now he regarded them as intruders. And he had noticed that almost all of them seemed to be eating as they moved. He couldn't help thinking that they resembled a herd of migrating buffalo, rolling in from the plains, thundering across the cobblestones, grazing on the hoof and leaving their detritus in their wake.
Arriving at the Ponte dei Scalzi, the destination of the first leg of his walk, he climbed wearily up the steps to the centre of the bridge. Then, facing the way he had just come, he leaned over the parapet and gazed out at a panorama of grey buildings. The waters of the Grand Canal down below were also grey and sluggish.
He smiled bitterly again when he remembered the man whom he and Vera had once met in a restaurant in Roma. They were still living in London at the time, and they had gone to Roma so that he could announce their engagement to his parents. The man was Italian and about the same age as them. He told them that he lived close to Padova, only a short distance from Venice. But he was at pains to point out that he only ever visited Venice when he wanted to feel sad.
How he and Vera had laughed afterwards to think that anyone, let alone an Italian, could describe La Serenissima, that glittering city, in such a way. But neither of us would be laughing now, would we? he sighed.
'Yes, that's what I'll do!' he said out loud, banging the parapet with the palms of both hands.
Yes, as soon as he returned to the apartment, he would go on the Internet and book a flight to London – for the day after tomorrow, if he could. Tomorrow he would pack. And he would write a letter of resignation. But this morning he would soak for a long time in a hot bath. Then he would sleep – a real sleep at last.
Stepping back down from bridge, he caught sight of a vaporetto pulling in at the landing station down on his left. At the foot of the steps, he smelled the aroma of fresh coffee from a bar across the fondamenta. And he suddenly heard those swooping violins again, that wonderful, magical, uplifting music of Venice.


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Uki GoÖ±i. The Real Odessa: Smuggling the Nazis to PerÖ³n's Argentina. London: Granta Books, 2002. xxx + 410 pp. $27.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-86207-581-8.
Reviewed by Max Paul Friedman (Department of History, Florida State University)
Published on H-German (April, 2004)
Argentina's Disappearing Odessa Files
"In those days Argentina was a kind of paradise to us," reminisced Nazi war criminal Erich Priebke in 1991, thinking back to the warm welcome he and some of his comrades found when they fled postwar Europe for the country ruled by Juan Domingo Perón (p. 263). Priebke, Adolf Eichmann, and Josef Mengele were only the most notorious of a rogue's gallery of several hundred European fascists who made their way to Buenos Aires in the late 1940s and 1950s. The story was immortalized in the best-selling novel The Odessa File, Frederick Forsyth's dark fantasy of a conspiratorial order seeking to launch a Fourth Reich through the mythical ODESSA (Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen or Organization of former SS members).[1] This image of Argentina as a sanctuary for villains escaping justice became so widely understood in popular culture, even the Blue Meanies thought of going there after their downfall in the Beatles' cult cartoon "Yellow Submarine."
If the flight of Nazi fugitives down the ratlines to Argentina is well known and has already been the subject of a number of investigations, never before have the mechanisms of the escape routes been laid out in such detail as in this painstaking study by Argentine journalist Uki Goñi.[2] Goñi conducted some two hundred interviews and undertook six years of relentless digging in archives in the United States, Europe, and frequently uncooperative ministries in Argentina. His findings are a catalog of cynical malfeasance and cover-up by highly-placed officials in the Argentine government and the Catholic Church, as well as actors from other countries.
Goñi's principal contribution is his in-depth look at the Argentine side of an organized smuggling operation that had its genesis in German-Argentine cooperation during the war and eventually involved Allied intelligence services, the Vatican, and top Argentine officials in a network stretching from Sweden to Italy. Among the key players in Goñi's account are two Argentines of German descent: former SS captain Carlos Fuldner, who ran "rescue" efforts from bases in Madrid, Genoa, and Berne; and Rodolfo Freude, head of Perón's Information Bureau, who coordinated the work of intelligence and immigration officials from his office in the Casa Rosada, Argentina's White House. Many of the Argentines involved, as well as a multinational cast of Vichy French, Belgian Rexists, Croatian Ustashi, and cardinals from several countries, seem to have been motivated by the vision of an international brotherhood of Catholic anti-Communists.
Goñi has gone to great lengths to document information about individual members of the operation and those it abetted. We learn, for instance, about SS Captain Walter Kutschmann, frequent wartime travel companion of fashion designer Coco Chanel and himself responsible for thousands of killings in Poland, who escaped to Argentina in the plain robes of a Carmelite monk. Goñi found documentary evidence of Kutschmann's support from the Casa Rosada in a place few people would have thought to look: Kutschmann's early application for a taxi license, Goñi discovered, was backed by Fernando Imperatrice, a member of Perón's presidential staff. Kutschmann retained friends in high places almost until the end of his life. During a trial held by the Argentine military regime in the early 1980s, the former SS man went free "when the court lost the case dossier. It was found five years later ... in the judge's safe" (p. 243).
In an extraordinary tale from the archives, Goñi describes spending five months posing as a genealogist to look unobtrusively for crucial evidence in the records of the Argentine Immigration Office. From 1920 to 1970, the government routinely opened individual immigration files for every applicant for a landing permit, whether job seeker, refugee, or war criminal. Goñi eventually worked through "a couple of city blocks of shelves stacked with tightly packed cards," indexing the files to find ones he wished to order (p. 117). He discovered entries corresponding to files for Eichmann, Priebke, Mengele, and other lesser-known fascists. But when he broke his cover and tried to order the relevant files, the archivists turned nasty and sullen, and terminated their cooperation. One of them then met him furtively in a park across the street to confess that in 1996, Peronists, fearing exposure, had carted most of the key documents down to the riverbank and burned them.
But not all of them were burned. By entering the data from the index cards alone into a computer spreadsheet, Goñi found that the files for Erich Priebke and Josef Mengele were numbered consecutively, even though they arrived in Argentina seven months apart. At the time of their applications, the Immigration Office was opening new files at a rate of over five hundred per day. Thus a single person must have applied on behalf of both war criminals at once or processed them together, prima facie evidence of an organized effort on behalf of Nazi fugitives.
Goñi made other important finds. He draws effectively on the revealing unpublished diary of a Belgian fascist involved in the smuggling network in Buenos Aires, Pierre Daye, whose papers were repatriated after his death and thus escaped the Argentine bonfires. Historian Beatriz Gurevich, a member of CEANA (Comisión de Esclarecimiento de Actividades Nazis en la Argentina), the Argentine government commission investigating Nazi links, who resigned in the late 1990s because the commission did not dig deep enough, shared her files with Goñi. He also worked in Chile, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. In the end he was able to identify nearly three hundred war criminals who entered Argentina beginning in August 1946. (The entire staff of CEANA came up with only 180.) This research, presented in such detail that at times the narrative of events gears down into a register of names and places, is itself a great achievement. Goñi's interpretations of causality, however, are more porous. At the center of the image of Argentina as a fascist paradise, and looming in the background throughout the story told here, is the highly disputed figure of Perón himself. Did he, as Goñi argues, turn his country into an asylum for the blood-spattered losers of the Second World War out of ideological sympathy for European fascism? Or were other motives more important?
Goñi takes a clear stand: if Perón was not himself a Nazi, he liked Nazis, cooperated with them before, during, and after the war, and sought to save them from the "victor's justice" he saw at work at the Nuremberg tribunal because it offended his soldier's sense of honor. "It was Perón's intention to rescue as many Nazis as possible from the war crimes trials in Europe," Goñi writes (p. 108).
To show the antecedents for the program, he spends several chapters outlining how Argentina steadily made it more difficult for Jewish refugees to enter the country in the late 1930s and 1940s, especially when the Immigration Office was headed by Santiago Peralta, a virulent and prolific writer of anti-Semitic tracts appointed by the military government in 1943 and kept on by Perón until June 1947.
Historians will no doubt contest whether anti-Semitism and pro-Nazi sentiment among Argentine officials, including Perón himself, can bear the explanatory weight Goñi assigns them in accounting for the causes of this sordid episode. A comparative frame of reference would also be useful. Countries all over the world were closing their doors to Jewish refugees in the Nazi era, an appalling practice that did not in itself automatically indicate a preference for fascist immigration. Despite the many obstacles created, in percentage terms, Argentina actually admitted more Jews (between 30,000 and 50,000 during Hitler's rule) than did any country in the Western Hemisphere except Bolivia. (The United States ranked first in total numbers but third relative to population.[3])
Perón's hostility to the Nuremberg trials should be placed in an Argentine context, where protestors sometimes chanted "Nuremberg! Nuremberg!" to call for the prosecution of the military officers (including him) who ran the country during the war, giving him a self-interested motive for opposing the trials. Perón cannot simply be labeled a Nazi since he readily made alliances with Communists and Jews, maintaining an ideologically flexible, populist approach as he tried to co-opt workers' movements by meeting many of their demands. Indeed, within the Argentine military and the right wing in general, there was far more admiration for Italian and Spanish fascism than for the German variety, which was considered too anti-Catholic.
After the war, Perón did not just go looking for war criminals in Europe; he especially sought skilled labor and advanced technology for his crash industrialization program. As Goñi notes, an Argentine agency based in Rome and implicated in smuggling fascists actually "had orders to organize the immigration of 4 million Europeans, at the rate of 30,000 a month, to boost the economic and social revolution Perón envisaged for his country" (p. 237). It was an ambitious plan, partly realized in at least one respect: Argentina produced its own jet fighter in 1947 with the help of imported Nazi engineers.
This aspect seems worthy of more careful analysis. Argentina was hardly the only country to take advantage of the decommissioned human resources of the Third Reich. The United States is famously indebted to rocketry expert Werner von Braun, who literally got NASA off the ground thanks to his experience building Hitler's V-2 rockets using slave labor in the underground factories at Peenemunde. Von Braun arrived via Operation Paperclip, a once-secret program that eventually brought 765 German scientists, engineers, and technicians into the United States; between half and three-quarters were former Nazi Party members or SS men, and more than a few of them were guilty of war crimes. The Soviet Union carried off German technicians and laborers in large numbers after the war, and the intelligence agencies of both superpowers recruited well-informed Nazis into their ranks. Perhaps the most notorious was Klaus Barbie, the "Butcher of Lyon," who worked for and was sheltered by the U.S. Army's Counterintelligence Corps after the war. The CIC also protected Otto von Bolschwing, a senior aide to Adolf Eichmann. France likewise enlisted ex-Waffen SS in the Foreign Legion to fight against national liberation movements in its colonies.[4] Few historians would assert that the United States, the Soviet Union, and France welcomed Nazis out of ideological affinity with the Third Reich; moral blindness, perhaps, or cynical realism may have been at work, but there is no mistaking the instrumentalist thinking behind a salvage operation intended to locate Nazis with unusual skills for national programs in intelligence, advanced technology and counterinsurgency. Was what was good for the goose also good for the gander? Even if his sympathies lay more openly with European fascists, could Perón have been motivated in part by some of the same cold-blooded calculations going through the minds of Truman, Stalin and De Gaulle?
Goñi would answer with a resounding "no." Although he acknowledges the utility of some of the newcomers to Perón's modernization effort, we also read of a number of arrivals who may have been good at mass murder, but had so few useful skills it was hard for their Argentine sponsors to find them employment. (Mass murder itself was in any case not yet in demand. Perón's defenders like to point out that, whatever the Nazi influence in his government, Argentina's concentration camps were created not under his rule, but by the generals who overthrew his second government in 1976 and killed some thirty thousand people.)
Ultimately Goñi understands the whole episode as part of a tragic continuity not only in Peronism's sins of the past and present, but in an unbroken chain of Argentine history from collaboration with the Third Reich to the disappearances carried out by the military junta of the 1970s, the corruption of the civilian governments that followed, and the bloody bombings of the Israeli Embassy and Jewish cultural center in Buenos Aires. All of this went for the most part unquestioned, Goñi writes with sadness; Argentina's chief crimes remain unsolved and draped in the silence of a society grown too accustomed to looking away. Historians will continue to differ over how to explain the Perón era and Argentina's Nazi connections, and this study leaves unresolved key questions of interpretation, especially about how to classify the cipher at the head of the Argentine government from 1946 to 1955. But the debate over these issues, and our knowledge of the inside of the Argentine Odessa network, has been greatly enriched by Goñi's findings.
[1]. Frederick Forsyth, The Odessa File (New York: Viking, 1972).
[2]. See, for example, Carlota Jackisch, El nazismo y los refugiados alemanes en la Argentina (Buenos Aires: Editorial de Belgrano, 1989); Holger Meding, Flucht vor Nürnberg? (Köln: Böhlau, 1992); Beatriz Gurevich and Paul Warzawski, Proyecto testimonio (Buenos Aires: Planeta, 1998); and John Loftus and Mark Aarons, Unholy Trinity (New York: St. Martin's, 1998).
[3]. Jackisch, El nazismo y los refugiados alemanes, p. 149; Haim Avni, "Peru y Bolivia--dos naciones andinas--y los refugiados judios durante la era nazi," in El Genocidio ante la Historia y la Naturaleza Humana, ed. Beatriz Gurevich and Carlos Escudé (Buenos Aires: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano, 1994), pp. 335-355.
[4]. See Christopher Simpson, Blowback: The First Full Account of America's Recruitment of Nazis, and Its Disastrous Effect on Our Domestic and Foreign Policy (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1988); Linda Hunt, Secret Agenda: the United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945-1990 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991).
Copyright (c) 2004 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses contact the Reviews editorial staff: hbooks@mail.h-net.msu.edu.
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Citation: Max Paul Friedman. Review of GoÖ±i, Uki, The Real Odessa: Smuggling the Nazis to PerÖ³n's Argentina. H-German, H-Net Reviews. April, 2004.
URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=9168
Copyright © 2004 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact the Reviews editorial staff at hbooks@mail.h-net.org.
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