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Definitions for "Period"
Keywords: era, epoch, revolution, waveform, geologic
Related Terms: Duration, Interval, Epoch, Cyclic, Relative time, Periodic, Year, Timer, Recurrence interval, Time period, Phase , Cycle , Absolute time, Cycle , Elapsed time, Time-out, Time scale, Time, Cycle , Timeout, Time, Hundred years, Season, Pulse duration, Time series, Peak time, Time, Thousand years, Off-peak period, Lag , Hour, Recovery time, Peak period, Minute, Performance period, Fractions, Week, Return period, Month, Demand interval, Cumulative audience, Limit cycle, Time division, Timestamp , Daylight saving time, Geologic time scale, Duration, Mean time, Day
A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a comet.
ftp.uga.edu
A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the period of the Roman republic.
One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.
The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a conclusion.
One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.
The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission.
Representative of a particular time, i.e. Elizabethan, the Depression, and the Fifties, etc..
infoweb.newsbank.com
The Middle Ages and Renaissance. This is mostly used as an adjective, as in, "Is this dress period?" It can also be used to denote a more specific time, as in, "What period is your persona from?"
wellesley.edu
One of the two time segments into which an event weekend is divided. At the beginning of each period ability points, prayers, and spells are refreshed.
wyvernrising.org
Can be used to describe a stretch of time of any length.
hmag.gla.ac.uk
the time of one complete cycle of simple harmonic motion; the time for one wave cycle to pass a fixed point.
cliffsnotes.com
the interval between the end of one ordinary General Assembly of IAGA and the end of the next ordinary General Assembly of IAGA.
iugg.org
The formal geochronologic unit lower in rank than era and higher than epoch. For example, the Devonian Period and the Ordovician Period.
eoascientific.com
The time passing before a cycle repeats. Only defined for a phenomenon that is periodic (repeats regularly) in time. Equal to 1/ frequency. Check out the Glenbrook Physics Classroom for more information on periods.
rpi.edu
Time interval between two consecutive and similar phases of a regularly occurring event. For example, the period of rotation of the Earth is the time taken to complete one revolution; the period of a variable star is the time between two successive maxima or minima on its light-curve.
sci2.esa.int
duration between repetitions of a waveform cycle. (1/frequency).
ece.wpi.edu
A length of time for which a loan may run.
cadogancox.com
The time it takes a planet to pass full circle through the fixed stars. The sun takes one year. The moon takes about twenty-eight days. Jupiter takes twelve years. All the planets appear to move hi an eastern direction through the fixed stars. By period, Galileo also means the time it takes the "stars" (moons) of Jupiter to move full circle around Jupiter. planets — "Wandering stars," that is, stars that do not remain in fixed positions hi relation to the other stars, but rather, move about in front of the backdrop of the fixed stars. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn as well as the moon count as planets for Galileo. starlets -- Little stars. sun — If you don't know by now, forget it.
anselm.edu
The duration between the peak of one wave and the peak of the next determined by corresponding points on successive waves. Period is the inverse of frequency.
bigbaer.com
a pair of balanced phrases, antecedent and consequent, that occur consecutively, are united by motivic similarities, and make up a complete statement. Periods are often characterized as parallel (similar phrases with different endings), contrasting (different in melodic/harmonic design), symmetrical (both phrases are the same length) or asymmetrical.
courses.wcupa.edu
A programmable time used to determine when a Shift is active. Each period has a single start and end time that is enabled on selected days of the week and holidays. Sonitrol plus control panels with Access Modules and AAM4C-A access control panels have 128 programmable periods. Close Glossary Window
internal.sonitrol.com
The most commonly used unit of geologic time, representing one subdivision of an era.
whfreeman.com
The time interval between the arrival of successive crests in a homogeneous wave train.
An interval of geologic time representing a subdivision of a geologic era.
The time between peak amplitudes or crests of waves. Period is in inverse proportion to frequency.
(typographical elements lacking in some of Genesis posts. a hint?) Related to TIME and CYCLES. See also ELLIPSIS.
cieltanner.ch
The time it takes a system to pass through one cycle of its repetitive motion. The period, , is the inverse of the motionâ€(tm)s frequency, = /.
the length of one complete cycle of a rhythm.
cal.man.ac.uk
The interval of time between the commencement of tow identical successive cycles of the characteristic of the light or sound signal.
seathelights.com
The name assigned to a set of days the user defines as a billing cycle. This value is specified as yyyymm, where yyyy is the year and mm is the month.
publib.boulder.ibm.com
The time between repeated portions of a waveform. For a simple waveform like the sine wave, the period is the time between every other zero crossing or between two positive or two negative peaks. The period equals 1/frequency of the waveform.
siliconsoft.com
Français : PÉRIODE CALENDAIRE Deutsch : KALENDERZEITRAUM, Periode A continuous interval of time between two CALENDAR DAYs which will be used to define validities. See also : TIMETABLE VERSION, NETWORK VERSION
transmodel.org
the time interval required for exactly one cycle of a repetitive process or phenomenon of any kind. It is equal to the reciprocal of the process's frequency. Usual symbol, . The SI unit is the second, symbol s.
physics.usyd.edu.au
The era of time that the Society uses for it's activities. Generally considered to be anywhere from 600 to 1600.
tilted-windmill.com
The time required for one body to orbit the primary body. The period is related to the semi-major axis as defined by Kepler's Third Law.
wro.org
The interval taken to make one complete oscillation or cycle.
bced.gov.bc.ca
The inverse of frequency, as it is the time between the peak of one wave and the peak of a successive wave.
aqonline.com
Refers to a piece made at the time when its style first originated.
fiskeandfreeman.com
the time interval required for the completion of one orbit by a satellite
daac.gsfc.nasa.gov
(1) A minor category in the geological time scale. (2) The duration of a cyclical event, such as a circadian rhythm.
The period is the amount of time represented by each bar/candle/trend bar on the chart. The time period can be changed via the "Display Selection" There are 3 types of time period available in TraderMade and these are a) Short term, b) Medium term and c) Long term. The Long term is then divided into Daily, Weekly and Monthly periods.
tradermade.com
Interval required for the completion of a recurring event, such as the revolution of a celestial body or the time between two consecutive like phases of the tide or tidal current. A period may be expressed in angular measure and is then taken as 360°. The word also is used to express any specified duration oftime.
baysail.com
Within the time period of the Society
crystalcrags.org
An interval of geologic time; a division of an era (for example, Cambrian, Jurassic, Tertiary).
isgs.uiuc.edu
the duration of time when you are covered by a policy.
theyoungdriver.com
The span of time that a report covers. This is one of the following:· A day - midnight to midnight· A week - Sunday to Saturday· A month - 1st to the last day User defined periods are not currently supported.
A motion that repeats itself in cyclic fashion is said to be periodic. The time for one complete cycle is known as the period of the motion. The motion of a second hand has a period of 60 seconds. The periodic rotation of the earth about its axis is 24 hours. The periodic motion of an amusement park pendulum ride may have a period as high as 10 or 15 seconds.
learner.org
Elapsed time before a rhythm repeats itself
caspar.bgsu.edu
The amount of time, usually given in years, that it takes an object to orbit the sun.
comets.amsmeteors.org
The length of time between repetitions in a cycle. The units are time. Period is the inverse of frequency. Periodicity means exact regularity, something mot really found in nature.
cyclesresearchinstitute.org
The time required for one cycle of a periodic motion (q.v.).
eformulae.com
Is an interval of work experience and formal training, usually established in hours and set by regulation that forms a portion of the term of an apprenticeship (usually of one year duration).
ellischart.ca
Description of something appropriate for our time frame (pre-1650 C.E.).
finearts.uvic.ca
An interval of geologic time longer than an Epoch and shorter than an Era.
goldengatephoto.com
A division of geologic time smaller than an era and larger than an epoch. Example: Cretaceous Period. View timeline of geologic events.
imnh.isu.edu
another word commonly used for the "menstrual cycle"
lebteen.com
an amount of time; "a time period of 30 years"; "hastened the period of time of his recovery"; "Picasso's blue period"
wordnet.princeton.edu
a stage in the history of a culture having a definable place in space and time; "a novel from the Victorian period"
the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed; "ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods"
a coffee break, let me suggest that we cut the queue at this point so that -- there will be plenty of time for more Q and A later
icann.org
a duration of time
topskills.com
an arbitrary interval of time
encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com
a part of the ovulatory cycle and involves monthly shedding of the uterine lining that is accompanied by menstrual blood
goaskalice.columbia.edu
a smaller time frame within an era
nps.gov
the amount of time it takes a body to perform one rotation or revolution. In the case of Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion it is the time it takes for a planet to complete one revolution, or one orbit about the sun
library.thinkquest.org
Appropriate or authentic for the renaissance era. There are often disagreements about what is period and what is not, as well as what years the fest is set in, but pre-1600 is generally accepted.
mrffriends.tripod.com
a subdivision of a geologic era and is the fundamental unit of geologic time
mwcs.neric.org
In some fisheries, like the SE troll fisheries, openings routinely span more than one statistical week. When calculating expansion factors we pool catch, sample and recovery statistics into time periods which include all weeks in an opening.
tagotoweb.adfg.state.ak.us
the time that elapses before a rhuthm starts to repeat itself
template.bio.warwick.ac.uk
Interval plus duration. Length of time from the beginning of an eruption to the beginning of the next consecutive eruption.
uweb.ucsb.edu
The length of time between two events. For a wave, this is usually the length of time it takes two successive peaks to pass a given point. This number is simply 1 divided by the Frequency of the wave.
black-holes.org
(of a wave) time required for one wave oscillation (peak to adjacent peak for example) to pass a stationary point.
cem.msu.edu
The amount of time over which an investment is made.
cnr.berkeley.edu
The rate at which a real-time application requires computations to be performed. In the general case deadlines do not need to be equal to period boundaries. However, for multimedia applications it is usually the case that they are.
cs.utah.edu
The duration of one cycle or oscillation of a periodic phenomenon; i.e. the reciprocal of frequency. S.I. unit is the second.
harmsy.freeuk.com
The time required for one repetition (cycle) of the output waveform measured in seconds or fractions of seconds. It is mathematically identical to the inverse of frequency (1/frequency).
hy-q.com.au
A measure of wave repeatability. The wave period is usually considered as the time between two successive crests or the time between two successive zero crossings in the same direction.
islandnet.com
The time interval between identical points in a periodic signal or sound. For a sinusoid (single frequency) the period (in seconds) is calculated as 1 / frequency (in Hz). See Periodic.
jbl.com
the time interval required to repeat one cycle of a repeating vibration pattern. (H:554)
ling.udel.edu
Time period within an era. 359
mhhe.com
A unique segment of time for which data has been accumulated into a file.
perfman.com
The time interval between successive crests in a sinusoidal wave train; the period is the inverse of the frequency of a cyclic event.
seismo.ca
The time taken for any part of a wave to move forward one wavelength.
skoool.ie
Time taken to complete one revolution of the satellite orbit.
stvincent.ac.uk
A geologic time unit shorter than an era and longer than an epoch. It is the most important unit of the geological time scale. ( Texas Geologic History)
utexas.edu
of a comet is the time it takes for the comet to complete one orbit. This may be as short as a few years to two hundred years for "Short Period Comets," or as long as from two hundred yeas to tens of thousands of years for "Long Period Comets."
utah.edu
T = 1/f in seconds. The time interval, which sine waves (or other periodic waveforms) repeats.
freqdev.com
An interval of time, typically a phase of an artist or movement.
artorg.org
The number of microseconds (between 17 and 40 in the PIC-200) in each remote controller code cycle.
celadon.com
The time an object takes to complete a certain motion and return to its original state—for example, the period of revolution or the period of rotation.
starrynight.com
The interval in time between the recurrence of a defined phase or moment of a rhythmic or periodic event, that is, between one peak or trough and the next.
kestrelsleepdiagnostics.com
The time required for a wave crest to traverse a distance equal to one wavelength.
surtass-lfa-eis.com
The time elapsing between two consecutive passages of a satellite through a characteristic point on its orbit.
yenra.net
The time needed for a complete cycle of repetitive motion; for example the time for an orbiting body to complete one revolution about another body, or the time needed for a pendulum to make a complete swing.
xrtpub.harvard.edu
the time between two successive waves.
galeschools.com
The interval between interrupts from the hardware. This defines the input latency, since the CPU will not have any idea that there is data waiting until the audio interface interrupts it. The audio interface has a "pointer" that marks the current position for read/write in its h/w buffer. The pointer circles around the buffer as long as the interface is running. Typically, there are an integral number of periods per traversal of the h/w buffer, but not always. There is at least one card ((ymfpci)?) that generates interrupts at a fixed rate indepedent of the buffer size (which can be changed), resulting in some "odd" effects compared to more traditional designs. Note: h/w generally defines the interrupt in frames, though not always. Alsa's period size setting will affect how much work the CPU does. if you set the period size low, there will be more interrupts and the work that is done every interrupt will be done more often. So, if you don't care about low latency, set the period size large as possible and you'll have more CPU cycles for other things. The defaults that ALSA provides are in the middle of the range, typically.(from an old Alsa Devel thread , quoting Paul Davis)
alsa.opensrc.org
The fundamental unit in the hierarchy of time units; a part of geologic time during which a particular sequence of rocks designated as a system was deposited. Units of geological time that are the major subdivisions of Eras.
ridge.icu.ac.jp
An interval of 12, 15 or 20 minutes of hockey play.
winterclub.com
The length of time between successive peaks in the brightness of a variable star.
ast.cam.ac.uk
The time required for a complete oscillation or for a single cycle of events. The reciprocal of frequency.
spectraquest.com
The time between two successive wave crests.
is the time interval between two adjacent peaks or two adjacent troughs in a cycle, e.g. a cycle period of 4.45 years means that a full cycle occurs every 4.45 years. Period is related to frequency by: Period = 1/Frequency
ray.tomes.biz
Ttime interval from one point to its next/consecutive occurrence in a repeating waveform (s).
marktechopto.com
The time taken for two wave crests to pass a fixed point;
bom.gov.au
The completion of a cycle, a series of event s, or a single action. Editor's Note: Also a broad term that may be applied collective ly to several part s of the project life cycle. [D03133] Webster
maxwideman.com
the time interval for a regular event to take place
astrophys-assist.com
Time period covered by the SCA, roughly 600-1600 AD, although there is no official early cutoff date. There used to be some confusion over whether the end date is 1600 or 1650, which explains the occasional Cavaliers you see wandering around.
stierbach.org
From the time that you are discussing/studying. In the SCA, specfically referring to something being pre-16th century.
highlandfoorde.atlantia.sca.org
The time needed to complete one cycle of motion.
the time for one complete wave cycle to be completed.
scign.jpl.nasa.gov
A segment of time consisting of 55 minutes
css.hct.ac.ae
an historical time and place that serves as the setting or "special world" of a screenplay story.
The time in seconds that it takes for an alternating signal to complete one cycle or the inverse of the frequency.
cadkraft.com
A time period defined in the Tivoli Workload Scheduler for z/OS calendar.
a major sub-division of geological time
exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk
Refers to a specific monthly time frame within a respective fiscal year. For example, budget period 1 refers to July just like period 12 would be equivalent to June. See "Budget Period" for additional related information.
ofp.fiu.edu
The period of a function, , is the length of the shortest interval over which it repeats its values. More precisely it is the smallest number such that ( + ) = () for all inputs such that + and are both in the domain of .
npcts.edu
a unit of geological time, for example the Devonian Period.
sedgwickmuseum.org
A unit of time, usually 90 minutes, to indicate the time of day classes meet. For example, 1st period meets from 8:15 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.
jjay.cuny.edu
Made in the era when a given design was initially popular and new.
mastronet.com
The time between two successive peaks of a wave.
ns.ec.gc.ca
the portion of the menstrual cycle when menstrual fluid (the endometrium) is shed.
beinggirl.ca
Container Denotes a range of time possibily with a fixed "start" or "end" time.
mddl.org
the time required for one cycle in a periodic waveform. Period is the inverse of frequency.
cakewalk.com
The time interval required for one full cycle of a wave.
geo.tv
The third-longest phase of geologic time, after an era. The current eon, the Phanerozoic, has had 11 periods, and the current era, the Cenozoic, has consisted of three periods, of which the most recent is the Quaternary. The next-smallest subdivision of geologic time is the epoch.
scienceclarified.com
one unit of geological time into which Earth history is divided. A period is a subdivision of an era.
dep.state.fl.us
The period of a repetitive signal, such as a sine wave, is the length of time between one point in the cycle to the same point on the next cycle and is the inverse of the frequency.
helitune.com
Time cycle in which the shape of an oscillation or wave repeats. Phase Fixed shift to a wave, given as an angle
ex-astris-scientia.org
The interval between signals.
ilmbgov.bc.ca
the interval of time required to complete one revolution in an orbit or one cycle of a periodic phenomenon, such as a cycle of phases. (See phase.)
astronomy.gi
the time it takes to complete one oscillation or cycle
The historical era used by the SCA as a base for its activities. Period is generally considered 600 AD. to 1600 AD.
barony-cde.org
The time interval for some regular event to take place; for example, the time required for one complete revolution of a body around another.
www-ssg.sr.unh.edu
A division of geologic time shorter than an era and longer than an epoch.
scientificpsychic.com
A geological time subdivision of an Era, during which the rocks of the corresponding System were formed
ga.gov.au
the length of time taken to complete a complete cycle of a rhythm
Any function of time f(t) is periodic with period t if f(t) = f(t + t[&tgr;]) for all times t, where t[&tgr;] is the smallest number for which this equality holds. Without qualification, period often means temporal period, but could mean spatial period (wavelength), the repeat distance of a spatially periodic function. See frequency.
mkwc.ifa.hawaii.edu
The time taken to complete an orbit or oscillation and return to the original value. It is the reciprocal of frequency.
piercecollege.com
Geologic time unit that is shorter than an era but longer than a epoch.
physicalgeography.net
Often referring to the time frame the SCA recreates. For example, if a piece of armor is made, it is often asked if it is in period. Meaning, did this armor actually exist during our recreation period. Opposite of Mundane.
shireofcrescentmoon.org
The amount of time it takes a wave to complete one cycle. The period equals 1/frequency.
oscilloscopeguide.com
The time interval of one complete cycle of a periodic waveform.
robotics101.net
Time to complete one full cycle of a periodic or repeating waveform.
twysted-pair.com
The length of time for which, or end date until, the initial interest rate applies.
mortgages.co.uk
one of the subdivisions of an era. A period is divided itno epochs. [AHDOS
memphisgeology.org
The same as time or term.
anz.com
A cycle of qi, it is the primary requisite for construction of a Flying Star chart. This is the beginning process of the time factor to determine the allocation of qi throughout the structure. Some schools utilize the move-in date as the essential time factor. The most widely recognized method is to use the construction date as the determining factor (and more specifically the closing of the roof). Each age or period lasts 20 years and begins on a four-ending year (i.e., 1964, 1984).
intuitiveconcepts.com
A second order geological time unit.
geologyrocks.co.uk
Time required to complete each cycle of a repeating wave form.
baneng.com
The period is the basic unit of geological time in which a single type of rock system is formed, lasting tens of millions of years.
zoomstore.com
A division of geologic time longer than an epoch and included in an era.
malistani.persianblog.com
On a digital point, the elapsed time for a complete on-off-on transition. Measurement of a period starts on the first transition (either off-to-on or on-to-off) and stops on the next transition of the same type.
opto22.com
A length of time in which prices are recorded or measured. In Technical Analysis, it is usually best to measure at least three different time periods to confirm price movement. For example, if you were analyzing daily charts then you would start your analysis by reviewing the monthly time chart, then the weekly time chart and finally the daily chart. This helps to confirm trend movements and get a better understanding of where the financial instrument is heading.
smallstocks.com.au
Amount of time required for one cycle of a sound wave to occur.
harmanaudio.com
Abbr. T, t The period of a periodic function is the smallest time interval over which the function repeats itself. [For example, the period of a sine wave is the amount of time, T, it takes for the waveform to pass through 360 degrees. Also, it is the reciprocal of the frequency itself: i.e., T = 1/f.
showorks.com
A geologic period is a subdivision of geologic time that divides an era into smaller timeframes. The equivalent term used to demarcate rock layers and the fossil record is the system; thus the rocks of the Devonian System were laid down during the Devonian Period. While paleontologists often refer to faunal stages rather than geologic periods, they are often used in popular presentations of paleontology.
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Keywords: punctuation, sentence, exclamations, courtesy, abbreviated
Related Terms: Full stop, Periodic sentence, Semicolon, Run-on sentence, Comma, Sentence fragment, Sentence, Fragment, End-stopped, Punctuation, Ellipsis, Grammatical, Comma splice, Dangling modifier, Epistrophe, Sentence, Expletive, Parenthesis, Anadiplosis, Pangram, Antecedent, That, Asyndeton, Un-, Independent clause, Particle, Tense, Declarative sentence, Tagline, Conjunctive adverb, Suffix, Clause, Adverb, Dash, Verb, Misplaced modifier, Inflection, Compound sentence, Preposition, Simple sentence, Dependent clause, Proper adjective, Anaphor, Main clause, Noun clause, Clitic, Postposition, Conjunction, Split infinitive, Phrase
A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious sentence.
The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated word.
A complete musical sentence.
punctuation device used with statements, requests, mild exclamations, courtesy questions, and abbreviations.
a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; "in England they call a period a stop"
a dot used at the end of a sentence to indicate that it is the end
tb-h.com
a full-stop and sometimes full-stops are too much and commas are not enough
poetry.about.com
View 4 more results
Keywords: hockey, overtime, quarter, segment, basketball
one of three periods of play in hockey games
One of the three 20-minute playing segments of play in a regulation hockey game, or an overtime playing segment.
hickoksports.com
any quarter, half or overtime segment.
online-wagers.net
a segment of a basketball game usually consisting of four 12 minute periods or quarters.
nbaballers.org
Keywords: cadence, antecedent, phrase, tempo, consequent
A group of eight measures containing two phrases of four measures.
danmansmusic.com
A musical statement, made up of two or more phrases, and a cadence.
austinsymphony.com
A period is a phrase consisting usually of an antecedent and consequent and totaling about 8 measures in length (though this varies depending on meter and tempo). Generally, the antecedent ends in a half cadence while the consequent ends in an authentic cadence. Frequently, the consequent strongly parallels the antecedent, even sharing most of the material save the final measures.
Keywords: row, horizontal, elements, table, referees
Related Terms: Periodic table, Performance period, Open period, Periodic law, Group, Time period, Row, Time dimension, Grant period, Billing period, Interval, Periodic, Cycle , Display period, Time-out, Absolute refractory period, Duration, Budget period, Cyclic, Period, Load profile, Reporting period, Cumulative audience, Interval, Long-term, Accounting period, Base period, Columns, Contract year, Off-peak period, Junction table, Matrix, Periodic inventory, Periodization, Quartershare, Season, Date, Draw period, Billing cycle, Time, Trial period, Periodic tenancy, Cell, Cume, Fiscal period, Worksheet, Time series, Week, Relation
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.
A horizontal row in the periodic table, such as the second period which contains the elements Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, and Ne.
xenon.che.ilstu.edu
The time period covered by the information in that row.
knovel.com
a complete horizontal row of elements with a variety of properties (more metallic to more non-metallic from left to right)
wpbschoolhouse.btinternet.co.uk
a horizontal row of elements with a variety of properties (left to right goes from metallic to non-metallic elements
a row of elements on the periodic table. These rows are useful for following trends and determining electron shells on atoms.
one of the 7 horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table
a.parsons.edu
The elements in a horizontal row of the periodic table.
home.nas.net
Rows in the periodic table are called periods. For example, all of the elements in the second row are referred to as 'second period elements'. All elements currently known fall in the first seven periods.
antoine.frostburg.edu
Used to describe a grouping of Matches and/or Accounting entries into a logical set of elements that constitutes a billing/payment date range for Referees
d4soccer.org
In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table.
Keywords: menstruation, catamenia, hippocrates, sickly, nonpregnant
Related Terms: Menses, Menstruation, Menstrual cycle, Gestation period, Puerperium, Gestation, Gestation period, Gestational age, Postpartum, Perinatal, Perinatal period, Menarche, Menopause, Metrorrhagia, Postnatal, Pregnancy, Antepartum, Ovulation, Endometrium, Preterm, Rhythm method, Lochia, Birth control pills, Post-term pregnancy, Infertility, Calendar method, Climacteric, Cervical mucus, Ovulation method, Delayed implantation, Prenatal, Perimenopausal, Des, Spotting, Morning-after pill, Fetal period, Postmenopausal, Natural family planning, Spinnbarkeit, In utero, Diethylstilbestrol, Intrauterine, Neonatal period, Subfertility, Lightening, Emergency contraception, Fetus, Menstrual, Trimester, Multigravida
The common term for menstruation.
cwhn.ca
The days when menstruation is taking place.
hes.ucf.k12.pa.us
the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; "the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation"; "a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped"--Hippocrates; "the semen begins to appear in males and to be emitted at the same time of life that the catamenia begin to flow in females"--Aristotle
See Menstruation.
fertilityuk.org
An occurrence of menstruation.
mymonthlycycles.com
Keywords: zagier, kontsevich, algebraic, don, maxim
In mathematics, a period is a number that can be expressed as an integral of an algebraic function over an algebraic domain. The concept has been promoted by Maxim Kontsevich and Don Zagier.
Keywords: syntagms, concordance, obligatory, textual, composed
textual unit composed of syntagms that have obligatory concordance relations.
revue-texto.net
Keywords: smelly, messy, thing, underlined, proven
Those things that have been proven to have existed within the timeframe of the living history organization.
virtue.to
the thing that needs to be underlined after the word "Id."
justoffcamera.blogspot.com
a messy, smelly, painful thing
mum.org
Keywords: menstrual, see
The menstrual period.
sexology.org
see menstrual period.
drcarolle.com
Keywords: hellenistic, division, strata, chronological, roman
( Man .). A sub-division of rotation or conversion period.
forest.ap.nic.in
(PE·ri·od). The general historical division of cultural domination on an ancient site. Identified by name, e.g., Iron Age, Hellenistic, Roman, etc. These period divisions may correspond to the strata and phases of this and any other particular site, but such correspondence is not automatic.
a chronological division
discoveringthestory.org
Keywords: prepatory, phase, senior, transition, duration
Group of phases that makes up the Prepatory, Competitive, Transition
completetrackandfield.com
The duration of one phase of play. In a senior game this is usually 20 minutes.
eiha.co.uk
Keywords: whitespace, dot, pronounced, eight, extension
a dot followed by a whitespace
csci.csusb.edu
a small point or dot
its.guilford.k12.nc.us
pronounced " dot". See eight-dot-three, extension.
zeusprod.com
Keywords: tranquility, endeavors, end, completion, something
To put an end to.
the end or completion of something; "death put a period to his endeavors"; "a change soon put a period to my tranquility"
a statement having a beginning and an end
web.gc.cuny.edu
Keywords: thirteen, ledger, twelve, month, purposes
For purposes of the General Ledger system, period refers month. The system provides for thirteen periods of which twelve are used.
gwu.edu
Keywords: obs, conclude, come, may, you
To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may period upon this, that," etc.
Keywords: seemingly, medicare, entitlement, regard, qualifying
a multiple qualifying event seemingly without regard to whether the Medicare entitlement would have (or could have) been an initial qualifying event
thompson.com
Keywords: decimal, mark
a decimal mark
lib.ohio-state.edu
Keywords: womb, bleeding, monthly, vagina
a monthly bleeding from the womb through the vagina
thesite.org
Keywords: song, recognize, symbol, foreign, even
a foreign symbol and therefore, even if the song is on the card, it will not recognize it
cellphoneforums.net
Keywords: friend, best, girl, single
a single girl's best friend
bridlethis.blogspot.com
Keywords: valid, url, character
a valid character in a URL
diveintomark.org
Keywords: illegal, character, created, file, name
an illegal character in a file name so no file is created
b-di.com
Keywords: bars, technical, analysis, calculation, studies
Period usually refers to the number of bars used in the calculation of technical analysis studies.
cqg.com
Keywords: adoption, process
an adoption process
lawfinance.coolwebsearcher.com
Keywords: series, definite, years
a definite series of years
godrules.net
Keywords: regular, character, pattern, expression, single
a regular expression pattern for a single character
am.php.net
Keywords: agreed, paying, back, loan
The period that has been agreed for paying back the loan.
valentin.de
Keywords: term, see
See Term.
kellyinsurance.com
450 ~l60l AD
sca.org.au
© All Rights Reserved - Patent Pending | Another site by Seraph


text:
Q: Angular ng-repeat controlling? I need to repeat specific element only a certain number of times, rather than having all of the elements repeat.

{{el.someValue}}
//repeat here only 3 times

{{el.someValue}}
// repeat here only 2times something like this

Can I do something like this?

A: You can limit the number of items displayed using limitTo

{{el.someValue}}

Or if you want more control over what to display and what not, you can use a filter:

{{el.someValue}}

And in your controller:
$scope.myFilter = function(element) {
  // return true if element is displayed of false otherwise
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<form action="{{question.postUrl}}" method="POST"
      data-validation-name="dateOfBirth"
      data-validation-type="association"
      data-validation-rules="dateOfBirthOrExcuse"
      data-validation-members="dateOfBirthDate dateOfBirthExcuse"
      class="validate">

    {{> shared/questionHeader }}

    {{> shared/validationMessages }}

    <fieldset class="validate inline-fields" data-validation-name="dateOfBirthDate"
              data-validation-type="fieldset" data-validation-rules="allNonEmpty"
              data-validation-children="day month year">

            {{messages.ordinary_dob_day_label}}

        <input type="number" id="{{day.id}}" name="{{day.name}}"
               value="{{day.value}}"
               autocomplete="off"
               class="text  day validate {{day.classes}}"
               data-validation-name="day"
               data-validation-type="field"
               data-validation-rules="nonEmpty" >

            {{messages.ordinary_dob_month_label}}

        <input type="number" id="{{month.id}}" name="{{month.name}}"
               value="{{month.value}}"
               autocomplete="off"
               class="text  month validate {{month.classes}}"
               data-validation-name="month"
               data-validation-type="field"
               data-validation-rules="nonEmpty" >

            {{messages.ordinary_dob_year_label}}

        <input type="number" id="{{year.id}}" name="{{year.name}}" value="{{year.value}}"
               autocomplete="off"
               class="text  year text validate {{year.classes}}"
               data-validation-name="year"
               data-validation-type="field"
               data-validation-rules="nonEmpty" >

{{{messages.ordinary_dob_formatExample}}}

    </fieldset>

    <button type="submit" id="alt-continue"
            class="button next validation-submit"
            data-validation-sources="dateOfBirth">{{messages.step_continue}}</button>

{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_link}}

{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_content_1}}

{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_content_2}}

{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_link}}

               {{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_reasonQuestion}}

                <textarea name="{{noDobReason.name}}" id="{{noDobReason.id}}"
                          class="validate small {{noDobReason.classes}}"
                          data-validation-name="dateOfBirthExcuseReason"
                          data-validation-type="field"
                          data-validation-rules="nonEmpty"
                          autocomplete="off" >{{noDobReason.value}}</textarea>

            <fieldset class="validate {{rangeFieldSet.classes}}"
                      data-validation-name="excuseAgeAttempt"
                      data-validation-type="fieldset"
                      data-validation-rules="radioNonEmpty"
                      data-validation-children="excuseUnder18 excuse18to70 excuseOver70 excuseDontKnow">

{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_ageGroupQuestion}}

                    <input type="radio" id="{{rangeUnder18.id}}" name="{{rangeUnder18.name}}"
                           value="under18"  class="radio  validate"
                           data-validation-name="excuseUnder18"
                           data-validation-type="field"
                           data-validation-rules="nonEmpty"
                           {{{rangeUnder18.attributes}}}>
                    {{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_ageGroup_under18_option}}}

                    <input type="radio" id="{{range18to70.id}}" name="{{range18to70.name}}"
                           value="18to70"  class="radio  validate"
                           data-validation-name="excuse18to70"
                           data-validation-type="field"
                           data-validation-rules="nonEmpty"
                           {{{range18to70.attributes}}}>
                    {{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_ageGroup_between18and70_option}}}

                    <input type="radio" id="{{rangeOver70.id}}" name="{{rangeOver70.name}}"
                           value="over70"  class="radio  validate"
                           data-validation-name="excuseOver70"
                           data-validation-type="field"
                           data-validation-rules="nonEmpty"
                           {{{rangeOver70.attributes}}}>
                    {{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_ageGroup_over70_option}}}

                    <input type="radio" id="{{rangeDontKnow.id}}" name="{{rangeDontKnow.name}}"
                           value="dontKnow"  class="radio  validate"
                           data-validation-name="excuseDontKnow"
                           data-validation-type="field"
                           data-validation-rules="nonEmpty"
                           {{{rangeDontKnow.attributes}}}>
                    {{{messages.ordinary_dob_help_cannotProvideDOB_ageGroup_dontKnow_option}}}

            </fieldset>

    <button type="submit" id="continue"
            class="button next validation-submit"
            data-validation-sources="dateOfBirth">{{messages.step_continue}}</button>

</form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For years I looked for and prayed for an "in" with the football team at our local high school. It just never seemed to come. Two years ago I heard that there was a dad who took sports drinks to the team following practice on Tuesdays. The wheels started turning immediately as I began to wonder if Campus Life could start providing drinks on another night. I made the appropriate calls, found some funding, and a weekly ritual began. Now, every Monday, on the way to Campus Life, a couple of volunteers wheel two coolers full of iXL Do U? Sport Drinks to the practice field and wait for the team to finish practice.
In addition to the drinks, Joshua, one of our CL Student Leaders who was a member of the team, wanted to initiate a team prayer before or after the games. After a little encouragement and the green light from the coach, Joshua made the decision to pray in an empty section of the locker room prior to the games, and invited a few guys who he knew would want to join him. Eventually that prayer time grew to almost half of the players on Friday nights.
This year, almost the entire team is showing up to pray on Friday nights, and Joshua shares the leadership with another leader.
Last year, two members of the team said yes to following Jesus.
Joshua has had multiple conversations with the guys about his faith and many have come to him with prayer requests.
A player on the team is considering going on a mission trip with a local church on Spring Break rather than the beach with his friends.
We have challenged Joshua to empower a younger player to pick up where he leaves off at the end of his senior season.
Authentic, Christ-sharing relationships have developed with guys on the team that would have never happened otherwise.
While some of the players have attended club during their high school years, many have not. But thanks to the commitment of a Student Leader Athlete, more seeds of the gospel have been sown than we ever could have sown on our own. Our "in" finally came.


Wharton alumni gathered in the finance capital of the world for an evening of thought leadership on the future of investment strategy.
Over 300 attendees packed the Grand Hyatt Grand Central in New York on February 28 to hear the latest insights into global markets and investments from legendary Jeremy Siegel, Russell E. Palmer Professor of Finance. This event was a stop on the School's More Than Ever Tour, connecting industry leaders, alumni, and faculty in locations around the world.
"Wharton is known for its inspiring faculty and alumni whose important work is pioneering finance along with so many fields. This event was both a celebration of this impact and a call to action to look to the role the Wharton community will continue to play in the future of finance," said Lizann Boyle Rode, executive director of alumni relations for Wharton External Affairs.
Siegel's presentation featured his trademark pairing: rigorous financial analysis and lightning-fast discussion. He evaluated asset returns, global valuations, and interest rates and forecasted market shifts. In a lively dialogue with the audience, Siegel also offered key insights into investing and current events.
"Many of us are active in alumni activities, and this event is a way to engage more broadly and meet different types of people," added Sherry Rexroad, WG'92, managing director, Global Real Asset Securities at BlackRock Financial Management, Inc.
New York hosted this fourth More Than Ever Tour event. The next stop is in Washington, D.C., on April 30, 2019, followed by São Paulo on June 5, 2019. See you there!


2018 End-of-Session Report - Maryland Votes for Animals, Inc.
Thanks to YOU, our dedicated team of advocates, organizations, and legislators, 2018 was a HISTORIC year for animals in Maryland! Three bills passed that greatly improve the welfare of animals in our state. Cracking down on the cruel Puppy Mill industry, Maryland became the 2nd state after California to ban the sales of dogs and cats in pet stores. In what has been called "The Beagle Bill", Maryland followed six other states in passing legislation to save healthy cats and dogs from being euthanized after they have been used in research. Maryland joined 26 other states, including all of Maryland's neighbors and the District of Columbia, and passed legislation allowing judges as a condition of sentencing to ban convicted animal abusers from owning, possessing, or residing with animals for a specified period of time.
Some of the bills that we championed were unsuccessful this session. However, as with the Humane Adoption of Companion Animals Act of 2018 which took four years to pass, some legislation takes several sessions for legislators to become familiar with the issues, especially ones that are complicated or that they have never considered. This past session's bill dealing with animal sexual abuse is a prime example of the type of complicated issue that will most likely require several sessions to pass.
The list of bills below shows the many areas in which we worked to improve animal welfare in Maryland. Some issues could be handled by passing humane legislation. However, some issues required us to defeat legislation that would have harmed animals, such Statewide Sunday Hunting.
We could not have accomplished these monumental victories without your grassroots support. Your calls, emails, and visits to your legislators on Humane Lobby Day sent a powerful message: Animal issues matter to voters!
Adoption of Companion Animals Used in Research (HB 732/ SB 675): Sponsored by Delegate Kramer and Senator Hough, this bill allows healthy dogs and cats an opportunity to be adopted into loving homes after they have served their time in research.
Cracking Down on Puppy Mill Imports (HB 1662): Sponsored by Delegate Kramer, this bill will prohibit the sale of dogs and cats at pet stores by 2020, thereby stopping the flow of dogs and cats from Puppy Mills into Maryland, and encourage the stores to work with shelter and rescue groups for adoption events.
Animal Cruelty – Sentencing Conditions and Selling Ban (HB 212/ SB 1038 ) – Sponsored by Delegate David Moon and Senator Will Smith, this bill allows a court to order as a condition of sentencing to prohibit a defendant convicted of certain crimes relating to animal cruelty from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal for a specified period of time.
Unprotected Birds – Pigeons (SB 94 ) – Introduced by Senator Joan Carter- Conway, this bill adds "pigeon" to the defined term "unprotected bird" in Maryland's wildlife laws with an explicit prohibition on cruel pigeon shoots.
Protecting Animals from Sexually Abusive Predators (SB 800/ HB 1134): These bills were sponsored by Delegate Atterbeary, Delegate Mike Malone, and Senator Lee. Current law criminalizes broadly "unnatural or perverted sexual practices" and provides little clear definition of what constitutes sexual abuse to animals, leaving large loopholes identified in recent cases by prosecutors. This bill would have closed these loopholes and penalized others involved with animal sexual abuse such as those who allow their pets to be sexually abused by others, usually for profit, or those who force others to sexually abuse animals.
Protecting Elephants by Prohibiting their use in Performing Shows (HB 618): Sponsored by Delegate Aruna Miller, this legislation would have prevented circuses from using elephants in Maryland due to their repeated violations of the Federal Animal Welfare Act and the threat to public health that this use of unpredictable wild animals poses.
Wildlife Trafficking Prevention (HB 712) – Sponsored by Delegate Luedtke, this bill would have prohibited purchase, sale, offering for sale, or possession with intent to sell certain parts or products of specific endangered species with exceptions for genuine antiques where the endangered species product makes up only a small portion of the item.
Cruelty to Animals – Seizure and Removal (HB 565) – Sponsored by Delegate Moon and Delegate Mike Malone, this bill would have clarified the procedure when an owner's animals are seized as a result of animal cruelty and the owner fails to file the petition for return of their animal.
Hunting – Sundays (SB 817/ HB 1338) – Sponsored by Senator Johnny Salling and Delegate Carl Anderton, this bill would have repealed the prohibition against hunting on a Sunday and authorized the Department of Natural Resources to allow a person to hunt on a Sunday on private property or on public land designated by the Department; authorized the Department to allow a person to hunt deer in a county for a half day on certain Sundays; authorized the Department to allow a person to hunt deer in a county for a full day on certain Sundays in certain deer seasons.
Wildlife Management – Shooting at Nighttime (SB 747) – Sponsored by Senator John Astle, this bill would have prohibiting the Department of Natural Resources from authorizing a holder or an agent of a holder of a Deer Management Permit to shoot or discharge a firearm at nighttime.


The family-friendly city hotel is located just outside the metro station on Hamriya Street and is just a 2-minute walk from the Burjuman shopping centre and the banking street, making it ideal for all business and leisure travellers. The Dubai Creek, Dubai Musuem and Meena Bazar are also only a 7-minute walk from the hotel. Dubai city centre is a 7-minute drive; Sharjah is around half an hour away by car.
Jumeirah Public Beach is roughly 9Km from the accommodation.
Dubai International airport is approximately 12 km away from the hotel.
Each apartment at the LC 1 is put together with care. Every corner is thoughtfully decorated. The large living room is spacious enough for a family and also hosts a dining hall. The kitchen is fully equipped with a refrigerator, electric cooking range and oven, a microwave, washing machine, iron & ironing board and has its individual cutlery, crockery and glassware.
The bedrooms are furnished either with a King size bed or twin beds and have attached baths for your convenience. Most of the apartments open to large balconies that offer views of the city, and all rooms have direct dialling, an array of channels via cable television and an efficient daily housekeeping service.
LC 1 has 140 such fully furnished one, two and three bedroom apartments, all equally well-equipped and designed.
Be it a quick coffee in the morning or a leisurely dinner at nine, our Coffee shop is a soothing place to be in. Situated at the lobby level it serves a homely buffet and A-La Carte menu for breakfast, Lunch and Dinner. The prompt room service operates from 6AM to midnight and serves a selection of sumptuous Arabic, Indian, Chinese and International cuisines.
If in the mood for a swim or a round on the treadmill then head to the temperature controlled open swimming pool and the well-equipped health club that offers a relaxing sauna service.


The Charleston Auto Expo and Car Show is rumbling back in to Blackbaud Stadium for another exciting Sunday of fun on September 23.
The Charleston Auto Expo and Car Show will showcase many automotive shops that specialize in a wide variety of catagories to customize your vehicle. The Auto Expo will include specialists in their respected field giving live demonstrations, giving product knowledge and giveaways. The event will also serve as a meet for car clubs/groups and auto (including motorcycle) enthusiasts.
Admission will be $5.00 which includes a free goody bag and automatic entry into the drawing for products worth thousands of dollars. This is a family-friendly event.
Follow along on Facebook and Twitter for updates.


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import

import time
from threading import Thread

from pyface.confirmation_dialog import confirm
from pyface.constant import YES
from traits.api import Instance, Int, Property, String, Bool
from traitsui.api import Controller, UItem, TabularEditor, VGroup, UReadonly
# ============= standard library imports ========================
# ============= local library imports  ==========================
from traitsui.tabular_adapter import TabularAdapter

from pychron.core.helpers.formatting import floatfmt
from pychron.core.helpers.traitsui_shortcuts import okcancel_view
from pychron.core.ui.gui import invoke_in_main_thread
from pychron.envisage.resources import icon
from pychron.pychron_constants import LIGHT_GREEN, LIGHT_RED, LIGHT_YELLOW
from pychron.startup_test.tester import TestResult

COLOR_MAP = {'Passed': LIGHT_GREEN,
             'Skipped': 'lightblue',
             'Failed': LIGHT_RED,
             'Invalid': LIGHT_YELLOW}
ICON_MAP = {'Passed': 'green_ball',
            'Skipped': 'gray_ball',
            'Failed': 'red_ball',
            'Invalid': 'yellow_ball'}

class ResultsAdapter(TabularAdapter):
    columns = [('', 'result_image'),
               ('Plugin', 'plugin'),
               ('Name', 'name'),
               ('Duration (s)', 'duration'),
               ('Result', 'result')]
    plugin_width = Int(200)
    name_width = Int(190)
    duration_width = Int(80)
    duration_text = Property
    result_image_image = Property
    result_image_text = Property

    def _get_result_image_text(self):
        return ''

    def _get_result_image_image(self):
        return icon(ICON_MAP[self.item.result])

    def get_bg_color(self, obj, trait, row, column=0):
        return COLOR_MAP[self.item.result]

    def _get_duration_text(self):
        return floatfmt(self.item.duration)  # '{:0.5f}'.format(self.item.duration)

class ResultsView(Controller):
    model = Instance('pychron.startup_test.tester.StartupTester')
    auto_close = 5
    selected = Instance(TestResult, ())

    base_help_str = 'Select any row to cancel auto close. Auto close in {}'
    help_str = String
    _auto_closed = False
    _cancel_auto_close = False
    can_cancel = Bool(True)

    def _selected_changed(self, new):
        self._cancel_auto_close = bool(new)

    def _timer_func(self):
        delay = self.auto_close
        st = time.time()
        while 1:
            time.sleep(0.25)
            ct = time.time() - st
            if ct > delay or self._cancel_auto_close:
                break
            self.help_str = self.base_help_str.format(delay - int(ct))

        if self._cancel_auto_close:
            self.help_str = 'Auto close canceled'
        else:
            invoke_in_main_thread(self._do_auto_close)

    def init(self, info):
        if self.auto_close and self.model.all_passed:
            t = Thread(target=self._timer_func)
            t.start()
            # do_after(self.auto_close * 1000, self._do_auto_close)
        else:
            self.help_str = ''

    def closed(self, info, is_ok):
        import sys

        if not self._auto_closed and not is_ok:
            if confirm(info.ui.control, 'Are you sure you want to Quit?') == YES:
                self.model.info('User quit because of Startup fail')

                sys.exit()
        else:
            if not self.model.ok_close():
                if confirm(info.ui.control, 'Pychron is not communicating with a Spectrometer.\n'
                                            'Are you sure you want to enter '
                                            'Spectrometer Simulation mode?') != YES:
                    sys.exit()

    def _do_auto_close(self):
        if not self._cancel_auto_close:
            self._auto_closed = True
            try:
                self.info.ui.dispose()
            except AttributeError:
                pass

    def traits_view(self):
        if self.can_cancel:
            buttons = ['OK', 'Cancel']
        else:
            buttons = ['OK']

        v = okcancel_view(VGroup(UItem('results', editor=TabularEditor(adapter=ResultsAdapter(),
                                                                       editable=False,
                                                                       selected='controller.selected')),
                                 VGroup(UReadonly('controller.selected.description'),
                                        show_border=True,
                                        label='Description'),
                                 VGroup(UReadonly('controller.selected.error'),
                                        show_border=True,
                                        visible_when='controller.selected.error',
                                        label='Error'),
                                 VGroup(UReadonly('controller.help_str'),
                                        show_border=True,
                                        visible_when='controller.help_str')),
                          title='Test Results',

                          buttons=buttons,
                          height=500,
                          width=650)
        return v

# ============= EOF =============================================


House Republicans said Thursday that the Obama administration has left a giant loophole in its own individual mandate requiring all Americans to obtain health care coverage, saying a vaguely worded "hardship" exception announced last week will let millions of Americans duck the law.
The administration brushed aside the criticism, saying there has always been a hardship exemption for people who can show they cannot afford health care plans.
But Republicans said the provision, one of a number of exemptions listed on the application Americans must fill out to be insulated from the mandate's penalties, could end up wrecking the economics underlying the Affordable Care Act.
Republicans said it was particularly stunning that the administration created such a broad exemption at a time when President Obama has vowed to veto a House bill that would cancel the individual mandate altogether. That bill is due for a vote Friday.
The exemption apparently was added late last year, but critics noticed it just this week.
The Health and Human Services Department said it included the category on its form to account for "unique circumstances" that were not anticipated by other categories.
The individual mandate was put into place to try to force those without insurance to get coverage — particularly younger, healthier adults who often think they don't need it.
The designers of Obamacare are counting on those Americans to pay into the system, thus subsidizing the costs for older, sicker patients who cannot be denied coverage under the law.
The Supreme Court in 2012 upheld the individual mandate as an appropriate use of Congress' taxing power.
Those who don't prove they have coverage by March 31 will face a penalty in the first year of either $95 or 1 percent of their applicable income. The penalty is scheduled to rise in subsequent years.
All sides are waiting to see how many have enrolled in Obamacare exchanges by the March 31 deadline.
Republicans say the ambiguity of the new exemption allows millions of Americans to duck the law and the penalty.
"The Obama administration once again tried to sneak through a unilateral change to Obamacare which essentially allows anyone who has experienced a hardship in obtaining health insurance to opt out of the individual mandate tax without requiring documentation," said House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, Virginia Republican.
Also this month, the Obama administration let Americans extend their bare-bones health care plans through 2016, even if the policies do not comply with the law's standards.
The move built on a one-year extension that the White House announced in November as it tried to quell a political backlash from Americans who received cancellation notices from their insurers.
However, the rule lets state insurance commissioners decide whether to allow the option, and policyholders must submit their cancellation notices with their hardship applications.


text:
Everything tagged
Stories tagged: ikea
Mon., Jan. 6, 2020
IKEA to pay $46M in boy's dresser tipover death, lawyers say
IKEA has agreed to pay $46 million to the parents of a 2-year-old boy who died of injuries suffered when a 70-pound recalled dresser tipped over onto him, the family's …
UPDATED: Wed., Aug. 8, 2018
Six million shoppers expected to hit up India's first Ikea
In a milestone that's been more than a decade in the making, India's first Ikea store will open Thursday, bringing inexpensive Nordic-inspired furnishings and food to the world's fastest-growing middle …
UPDATED: Tue., April 10, 2018
Ikea prepares for future of mega cities and `thin wallets'
Ikea Group, the world's largest furniture retailer, is getting ready for a future where people have little to spare: both in their wallets and in terms of space.
Sun., Jan. 28, 2018
Furniture for all: IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad dies at 91
Ingvar Kamprad, the IKEA founder who turned a small-scale mail order business into a global furniture empire, has died at 91, the company said Sunday.
UPDATED: Tue., Nov. 21, 2017
After death of 8th child, Ikea relaunches dresser recall
Ikea relaunched a recall of 17.3 million chests and dressers Tuesday after the death of an eighth child.
Ikea, Dollar General CEOs lobby Republicans in border-tax fight
Retail executives are returning to Washington in their latest bid to fight the border-adjusted tax proposal, aiming to turn more Republican lawmakers against House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan.
Thu., Dec. 22, 2016
Ikea to settle for $50 million after toppled dressers kill 3 young boys
The world's largest furniture seller, Ikea, bills itself as "The Life Improvement Store." But after its products caused three deaths, the Swedish company will pay $50 million to the families …
Sun., Oct. 31, 2010
Ikea focuses on customers' needs in hard times
NEW YORK – Well known for stylish but affordable housewares, Sweden's Ikea Group is cutting prices on some big-ticket items as it seeks to outfit more homes around the globe. …

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One would think that in the two years between the Ballerina and the Engineer, I would have read more about childbirth and dealing with the pain of contractions, but I didn't. Life was full of other, more pressing things. Not just my teaching, but the extra full-time job of parenting a teen who struggled with school and making good choices. I've sat on both sides of the parent-teacher conference table, and I've had to both give and receive bad news about a child. Childbirth is easy in comparison.
What a difference it makes when birth goes like it's supposed to: no complications, no bleeding, no near-death experiences!
I never gave any thought to natural childbirth with the Engineer. I'd felt hours of contractions with the Ballerina, and they were enough to last me a lifetime! I told Dr. K that I wanted an epidural as soon as possible in the process–end of discussion, end of plan. Pitocin? Didn't cross my mind. I had three goals: vaginal birth, no episiotomy (and hopefully no tearing), and healthy baby and mama.
My 40 week appointment landed a few days before my due date, since I was due on a weekend (and Halloween). I felt good. I didn't have the swelling in my ankles and feet I'd had with the Ballerina. My blood pressure was good. My parents had even bought me a blood pressure monitor for home, so I could keep track of it daily. I'd had some more intense Braxton-Hicks contractions that week, but nothing that didn't go away immediately if I stood up or sat down or walked around the house.
I wasn't sure what to expect of early labor, even though this was my second rodeo. Dr. K found me partially dilated (a 2 or 3, I think), and discovered that I had a very small, high leak of amniotic fluid. I'd also lost my mucus plug, probably early that morning when I was too tired to notice. She sent me home to get my bag, arrange childcare for the Ballerina, call my husband, and come on back. I was already in early labor, and active labor was coming.
I was back at the hospital before noon, and it wasn't long before I could feel regular contractions start. When they became uncomfortable, I was happy to have that epidural put in. I have to say, when it works, it makes labor easy. So easy; I read a good book until it was almost time to push.
I know many articles and birth books talk about how epidurals slow down labor, make pitocin necessary, and lead to c-sections. When I consider that I started feeling labor around 1 pm, and the Engineer was born after less than twenty minutes of pushing at 6 pm (right on the dot; we had double nurses present because it was shift change), I didn't think it slowed me down. My entire labor was about 5 hours, unless we count the labor I couldn't feel before that (do you count labor you can't feel?). And there was the Engineer. Remember that we had double nurses there? Yup, my newborn son peed all over both shifts as they weighed and measured him.
He looks thoughtful, but this was the only picture of his first hour where hes not screaming at us all. He wanted nothing to do with this bright, loud, cold world. It took him two years to adjust to it.
What didn't happen after he was born was bleeding. The cyst that had caused all the trouble after the Ballerina had disappeared as the uterus shrank. When I became pregnant again, it reappeared. In the aftermath of birth, Dr. K was able to quickly remove it and suture the site. It never reappeared, though we had ultrasound techs check for it with each of our next two pregnancies. That part of my life was gone, and I doubt we will ever know what caused it in the first place.
If I take away the learning curve needed to care for the Ballerina, the Engineer really was my hardest baby (so far . . .). He wasn't colicky or anything, but he was easily overwhelmed. Too much light, too much noise, or too much activity left him overstimulated and crying. He wanted life to be like before: warm, dark, and quiet except for some nice, rhythmic white noise. I used to swaddle him up, warm an extra receiving blanket to put on his back, and rock him around the kitchen with the vent fan on high. It was the best way to get him to sleep. Baby wearing and co-sleeping had made things easier with the Ballerina, but I can't imagine parenting a baby like the Engineer without them. She liked them; he needed them.
The Ballerina was thrilled with her baby brother until she discovered how noisy he could be!
Though the epidural didn't stall my birth, I did get to feel the after effects. I itched horribly for most of the next day (try sleeping through that), and I was headachy. As much as I liked the pain relief, I didn't like the side effects. At the time, I didn't know what the options were, and I didn't think I'd ever be able to handle a natural labor. I still thought of labor as the hard, fast, unrelenting contractions I'd experienced with the Ballerina. I never wanted to experience those again!


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Sports Authority
McKenna: Atalanta vs. PSG: A reflection on a brutal end to a twisted Cinderella story
Greg McKenna | Monday, August 17, 2020
In a season unlike any other, it was fitting that for four straight nights in two nearly empty stadiums in Lisbon, a unique Champions League format for a COVID-19 pandemic world gifted score lines and storylines that beggared belief.
On Thursday, RB Leipzig, a club backed by an Austrian energy-drink company you've definitely heard of that played in the fifth tier of German football just 11 years go, beat hardened European veterans Atlético Madrid to reach their first-ever champions-league semifinal (thanks to a first goal in 27 appearances by American midfielder Tyler Adams, no less).
On Friday, a ruthless Bayern Munich put eight (yes, eight) goals past Lionel Messi and Barcelona to hand the Blaugrana their worst loss since 1946.
Finally, on Saturday, the haters of nouveau-riche super-clubs and lovers of Financial Fair Play had reason to rejoice as Abu Dhabi's (oops, I mean Pep Guardiola's) Manchester City tripped up at the quarterfinal hurdle yet again against a plucky Lyon. For 89 minutes of football Wednesday night, however, it looked like the first quarterfinal was a great chapter in a twisted Cinderella story that only 2020 could produce.
Back in February, casual fans around the world were just getting introduced to Atalanta, a small club from the small city of Bergamo that had miraculously found itself in the knockout stages of the biggest club tournament of them all. For most of its history, Atalanta has fought to preserve its identity as AC and Inter Milan fought for Scudettos and European Cups 45 minutes down the road. In 2018, the club even embarked on an effort to give a free shirt to each new parent in the province, hoping to ensure that families would prevent young fans from being lured away from the "black and blues" by the two Milan giants.
Perhaps the more important decision in regards to winning the hearts of young supporters, however, was the hire of Gian Piero Gasperini, probably one of the most offensively minded managers Italy has ever seen. In a league that generally prioritizes defensive stoutness and organization, Gasperini was unafraid to implement an exciting, high-risk and fluid attacking style that belied Atalanta's meager budget, and it quickly began paying dividends.
After finishing fourth, seventh and third in the league in Gasperini's first three years in charge, it soon became clear that the 2019-2020 season could be a magical one in Bergamo. In each of Atalanta's first 10 games in the league, they managed to score at least two goals (including a 7-1 victory over Udinese). They closed the decade by producing a result unimaginable at the start of the 2010s, thumping AC Milan 5-0 at home. Their maiden Champions League campaign looked over after three successive defeats at the beginning of the group stage, but a draw against Manchester City and shutout victories over Shakhtar Donetsk and Dinamo Zagreb in their final three games were ultimately enough to advance out of Group C.
On Feb. 19, approximately 40,000 fans — a third of Bergamo's population — traveled to the San Siro, usually home to the Milan clubs (Atalanta's home ground is currently under renovation to meet standards for UEFA competition), for the biggest night in the club's history. Bergamo had never seen its side in the knockout rounds of the Champions League, and the first leg of their round-of-16 tie against Valencia went better than anyone could have hoped. Atalanta won 4-1 that night, and their electric play had formally put Europe on notice. Unbeknownst to anyone that night, however, Bergamo would soon be the talk of the world for very different reasons. That game, the apex of a footballing fairy tale, was actually the beginning of a very real nightmare.
The first COVID-19 case in Lombardy, the region containing both Milan and Bergamo, was reported the next morning. On Feb. 23, the local hospital admitted its very first patient due to coronavirus, and soon the city was considered the epicenter of the outbreak in northern Italy. Football briefly continued behind closed doors, and Atalanta's players held a t-shirt that read, "Bergamo, this is for you," after they finished off the tie against Valencia in Spain, but the joy was short-lived as the death toll mounted. When relative normalcy began to resume in July, it was estimated that roughly 6,000 people in the province had succumbed to the virus. Eventually, the leading pneumologist from the hospital referred to that beautiful February night in the San Siro as a "biological bomb."
Soccer had unwittingly contributed to the unprecedented crisis, but in mid-June, the restart of Serie A (albeit without fans in the stands) allowed Atalanta to help the city heal. Gasperini's men began the restart where they had left off before the pandemic — scoring at will. Atalanta found the back of the net 98 times in Serie A, the highest total by a single team in the league since the 1947-1948 season, and managed to finish in third again. It was the date with PSG in Lisbon, however, that had football fans around the world salivating.
Financially speaking, the contrast between the Qatari-bankrolled Parisians and the Bergamese club could hardly be much sharper. Before the match, perhaps the most talked about statistic was that Atalanta's yearly wage bill was roughly equivalent to Neymar's annual wage. Gasperini made sure to emphasize pre-match that his team had nothing to lose, and despite being substantial underdogs, they did anything but "park the bus."
With a swift attack in the 26th minute, Atlanta took a shock lead through a left-footed curler from Mario Pasalic, and for 64 minutes, PSG missed several chances to reply. It was meant to be. Atalanta, whose unprecedented success had inadvertently facilitated a once-in-a-generation tragedy, had earned a massive gift for their recovering city by fearlessly defeating one of the richest clubs in the world. Except they hadn't, because three minutes later, the score at the Estadio da Luz was 2-1 PSG. In 2020, it was probably naive to think that such a poetic story might avoid such a brutal end.
It is, of course, extremely short sighted of me to view this dramatic comeback victory as entirely depressing. As the always-eloquent commentator Peter Drury exclaimed when Marquinhos equalized for PSG, Atalanta's devastation was simultaneously "Parisian Salvation." Since being bought by the Emir of Qatar through Qatar Sports Investments in 2011, PSG have largely steamrolled the competition in France while — like Manchester City — chronically underachieving in the UCL, the tournament they have been built to win.
As time ran out, manager Thomas Tuchel, who sat nursing a broken ankle, must have figured he was minutes from losing his job. Doubt must have crept into the minds of supporters and players alike as memories of recent capitulations against Barcelona in 2017 and Manchester United in 2019 resurfaced.
On Wednesday, however, it was PSG who came up with the late goals, and from unlikely sources too. First there was Marquinhos, the Brazilian center-back turned midfielder who had only scored four goals all season. Then, on a night when Neymar — the most expensive player ever — continuously fluffed his lines, it was 31-year-old substitute Eric Choupo-Moting who would play the hero. Two years earlier, Choupo-Moting only managed to score five times in 31 appearances for Stoke City as the Potters were relegated, and he has subsequently spent a large part of his two seasons in Paris on the bench. Before Wednesday, most Parisian fans probably wondered what he was even doing there in the first place. As Gary Lineker hilariously noted on Twitter Wednesday night, however, the traditional skepticism of whether a top player had the fortitude to score on a "cold, wet, Tuesday night at Stoke" had been turned upside down.
Even from an Atalanta perspective, it is clear that Gasperini, his team and the city will not dwell too long on this loss. Despite all the horrors Bergamo has experienced over the last few months, the club have reached heights unimaginable just a few years prior. Despite their post-match disappointment, many players could not help but smile when reflecting on what they had accomplished, and the province's relative control over COVID-19 at the moment meant the team was able to receive a hero's welcome upon their return, a sign of victory for the city in itself.
Moreover, this footballing phenomenon in Bergamo should be far from over, and another Champions League campaign beckons. Maybe next year, Atalanta will find themselves in another Champions League quarterfinal, and this time, they might be able to play in front of their loyal fans in their very own refurbished stadium.
The views expressed in this column are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Observer.
Tags: Atalanta, Champions League, coronavirus, Neymar, PSG
About Greg McKenna
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https://english.radio.cz/sports-news-8586344#player=on
Slovan Liberec - Mladá Boleslav, photo: CTK
In Sports News this Monday: Peckhart (19) helps Slavia Prague to all three points for the second game in a row – have the Czech football league leaders found a replacement for wunderkind Necid?; Sparta's 'kop' is ordered closed for three games after a ball boy is injured by a flare; it's 1:1 between Slavia Prague and Plzeň after the opening games of their ice hockey Extraliga semi-finals playoffs series, but Slavia had to mount a real fight-back to take game two; and former world tennis number seven Nicole Vaidišová halts a rather alarming slide down the rankings.
Peckhart the new Necid?
Slavia Prague may have found a replacement for Tomáš Necid, the 19-year-old wunderkind who scored 11 league goals before leaving for CSKA Moscow in January. Tomáš Peckhart, another tall 19-year-old and a pal of Necid's, helped the league leaders to all three points for the second time in a row on Sunday, when his goal on 53 minutes was the only thing that separated the home side from bottom-of-the-table Zlín. Peckhart, on loan from England's Tottenham Hotspur, has been quick to play down any comparisons with Necid. He also refused to react to Slavia fans' chants of "champions", pointing out there were another nine games to go until the end of the season.
Sparta 'kop' closed for three games after ball boy injured by flare
In any case, Slavia will still be 10 points clear even if Sparta Prague beat Teplice away on Monday evening, after the recording of this programme. Meanwhile, the atmosphere at Sparta's AXA Arena may be relatively muted at the club's next three home games when the terrace where hardcore fans congregate has been ordered closed, after a ball boy was injured by a flare fired by Sparta "ultras" a week ago. The club has also been fined CZK 250,000.
Slovan Liberec are now in third place, after beating Bohemians Praha 2:1, while Mladá Boleslav are in fourth after notching up their first win since the winter break, 1:0 away to Kladno.
Slavia come close to two home defeats as playoffs semi-finals series against Plzeň begins
Karlovy Vary - Sparta Prague, photo: CTK
In the Czech ice hockey Extraliga, Slavia Prague were trounced 6:0 by Plzeň on Friday in the opening game of their playoffs semi-finals series at the O2 Arena. The home side were heading for a second defeat on Sunday when they trailed Plzeň 3:1 as the second period drew to a close. But a spirited fight-back saw that game end 6:5 to Slavia, tying the series at 1:1. In the other semi-finals series Karlovy Vary are leading Sparta 2:1 on games and have home advantage for the next game in that series on Monday evening.
Vaidišová stops the rot after reunion with step-dad coach
Former world tennis number seven Nicole Vaidišová has managed to halt a rather alarming slide down the rankings, climbing eight places to 71st after reaching the third round at Indian Wells last week. That was the first time since Wimbledon last year that the Czech (who is 20 in a month's time) has won two matches in a row. The upturn in Vaidišová's fortunes follows a reunion with coach Aleš Kodat, her step-father.
Author: Ian Willoughby
Czech Republic among first countries to bring back top flight football
Ice hockey league suspended, football league to continue for at least two rounds
Journalist: All sides win under West Ham's loan-to-buy deal for Czech Souček
Slavia bookies' favourites as 2019–2020 football season begins


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THE BRAIN: FROM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: First Part: Functional Blocks
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria 33:102-125
Project: EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
César Arango-Dávila
ICESI University
Hernán Pimienta
Universidad del Valle (Colombia)
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Abstract and Figures
The last two decades have been of fundamental importance in the study and understanding of the nervous system, this progress has not only addressed the neurochemical, neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, cytoarchitectonical, imageological phenomena underlying the cerebral mass but also the relationship of this knowledge with complex aspects of behavior and the psyche. The purpose of emphasizing a modern vision of the grasp of neuroscience must necessarily reflect a wider understanding of the reality of mental illness allowing a confluence between our biological, behavioral, psychic and social conditions. This article seeks to review the biological basis of mental disorders based on recent neurobiological investigations. The constituent elements of the superior mental functions are described in five functional blocks, portraying a vision of global organization as the basis for the interpretation of the processing of information and the origin of the different psychophatological manifestations that will be explained in part two, "Microstructure and the Processing of Information".
(A) Proceso de integración polimodal en las áreas 39 y 40 de Brodman. (B) Secuencia del procesamiento de información somatosensorial
Estructuras que constituyen el sistema comparador según Gray (7)
Tendencia a la disposición de los receptores en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral y su relación con las funciones afectivas
(A) Congruencia entre la información recibida a través del sistema perceptivo con la información registrada en los archivos de memoria. (B) Incongruencia entre la información percibida y la información mnésica
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Patterns of connections of the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey associated with cortical architecture
H. Barbas
N. Pandya
The Psychology of Fear and Stress
Jeffery A. Gray
Interdigitation of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Columnar Projections to Frontal Association Cortex in Primates
Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic
Michael L Schwartz
The combined use of two anterograde axonal transport methods reveals that in the prefrontal association cortex of macaque monkeys, associational projections from the parietal lobe of one hemisphere interdigitate with callosal projections from the opposite frontal lobe, forming adjacent columns 300 to 750 micrometers wide. The finding of separate and alternating ipsilateral and contralateral inputs in the frontal association cortex opens up new possibilities for the functional analysis of this large but unexplored area of the primate brain.
Affects as Central Organising and Integrating Factors a New Psychosocial/Biological Model of the Psyche
Luc Ciompi
A new psychosocial/biological model of the psyche is proposed, in which the affects play a central role in organising and integrating cognition. The psyche is understood here as a complex hierarchical structure of affective/cognitive systems of reference (or 'programmes for feeling, thinking, and behaviour'), generated by repetitive concrete action. These systems store past experience in their structure, and provide the functional basis for further cognition and communication. Affects endow these programmes with a specific qualitative value (such as motivation), connect cognitive elements synchronically and diachronically, and contribute to their storage and mobilisation according to context. They also participate in differentiating cognitive systems at higher levels of abstraction. These assumptions are supported by recent findings on the role of the limbic and hypothalamic system for the regulation of emotion, on neuronal plasticity, and on the phenomenon of state-dependent learning and memory. Refutable hypotheses are formulated for further research on the interaction of emotion and cognition.
Overlap of dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotoninergic receptors and complementarity of their subtypes in primate prefrontal cortex
Michael S. Lidow
D W Gallager
Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was used to determine and compare the areal and laminar distribution of the major dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter receptors in 4 cytoarchitectonic regions of the prefrontal cortex (Walker's areas 12, 46, 9, and 25) in adult rhesus monkeys. The selective ligands, 3H-SCH-23390, 3H-raclopride, 3H-prazosin, and 3H-clonidine were used to label the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes and the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, respectively, while 125I-iodopindolol was used to detect beta-adrenergic receptors. The radioligands, 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine and 3H-ketanserin labeled, respectively, the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Densitometry was performed on all cortical layers and sublayers for each of the 7 ligands to allow quantitative as well as qualitative comparison among them in each cytoarchitectonic area. Although each monoamine receptor was distributed in a distinctive laminar-specific pattern that was remarkably similar from area to area, there was considerable overlap among the dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotoninergic receptors, while subtypes of the same receptor class tended to have complementary laminar profiles and different concentrations. Thus, the D1 dopamine, the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic, and the 5-HT1 receptors were present in highest relative concentration in superficial layers I, II, and IIIa (the "S" group). In contrast, the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic subtypes and the 5-HT2 receptor had their highest concentrations in the intermediate layers, IIIb and IV (the "I" group), while the D2 receptor was distinguished by relatively high concentrations in the deep layer V compared to all other layers (the "D" class). Consequently, clear laminar differences were observed in the D1 vs D2 dopaminergic, the alpha- vs beta-adrenergic, and the 5-HT1 vs 5-HT2 serotoninergic receptor subtypes in all 4 areas examined. The anatomical overlap of different monoaminergic receptors in the same cortical strata suggests that there may be families of receptors linked by localization on common targets, while the complementary laminar distribution of the D1 vs D2, the 5-HT1 vs 5-HT2 and the alpha- vs beta-adrenergic receptors raises the possibility that different subtypes within a given class may have distinctive actions in cortex by virtue of their localization on different cells or possibly different portions of the same cell. Understanding the anatomical arrangement of receptors within the cortical layers may aid in the analysis of monoaminergic modulation of higher cortical function.
Experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy. Facts and hypotheses
P Gloor
Experiential phenomena that occur in temporal lobe seizures and can be reproduced by electrical stimulation of temporal lobe structures typically encompass perceptual, mnemonic and affective features, either in combination or in isolation, which commonly relate to the patient's individual past experience. These phenomena raise interesting questions concerning brain mechanisms involved in human psychophysiology. The anatomical substrates for the evocation of these phenomena are widely distributed within the temporal lobe and include temporal isocortex and limbic structures (amygdala, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus). Arguments are presented which indicate that experiential phenomena are positive expressions of temporal lobe and limbic function and do not result from its ictal paralysis. Recent concepts of parallel distributed processing (Rumelhart and McClelland, 1986) and the importance of parallel distributed cortical networks for higher cognitive functions (Goldman-Rakic, 1988a, b) provide a theoretical framework on which a hypothesis explaining experiential phenomena can be based. In conformity with these concepts the hypothesis assumes that temporal lobe epileptic discharge or electrical stimulation of temporal lobe structures can induce the elaboration of patterns of excitation and inhibition in widely distributed neuronal networks, some of which are capable of forming a specific matrix representing the substrate of a given experience. Neuronal networks engaged in parallel distributed processing (1) have the capacity to recreate the totality of a given experience when only a fragment of the network is activated, and (2) they tolerate a great deal of degradation by random inactivation of its components or by interference through random noise without serious loss of information content. These features are compatible with the assumption that localized epileptic neuronal discharge or electrical stimulation involving some temporal lobe structures could create a matrix representing features of individual experience of the kind activated in the course of temporal lobe seizures. Such an experience could, up to a certain limit, resist the degrading influence of mounting noise which inevitably must attend seizure discharge.
The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy
A Olivier
L F Quesney
Sandra Horowitz
Experiential phenomena occurring in spontaneous seizures or evoked by brain stimulation were reported by 18 of 29 patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy who were investigated with chronic, stereotaxically implanted intracerebral electrodes. The phenomena mainly consisted of perceptual (visual or auditory) hallucinations or illusions, memory flashbacks, illusions of familiarity, forced thinking, or emotions. Experiential phenomena did not occur unless a seizure discharge or electrical stimulation involved limbic structures. For such phenomena to occur, seizure discharge or electrical stimulation did not have to implicate temporal neocortex. This was true even for perceptual experiential phenomena. Many experiential responses elicited by electrical stimulation, particularly when applied to the amygdala, were not associated with electrical afterdischarge. Limbic activation by seizure discharge or electrical stimulation may add an affective dimension to perceptual and mnemonic data processed by the temporal neocortex, which may be required for endowing them with experiential immediacy.
Fundamento biológico de la vivencia de la corporeidad
C Arango
Arango C. Fundamento biológico de la vivencia de la corporeidad. Ciencias Humanas 2000;6:209-32.
La imagen visual en la mente y el cerebro
SCI AMER
S Zeki
Zeki S. La imagen visual en la mente y el cerebro. Scientific American 1999 Nov.
Essentials of neural science and behavior. Appleton an Lange
E Kandel
J Schwartz
T Jessel
Kandel E, Schwartz J, Jessel T. Essentials of neural science and behavior. Appleton an Lange; 1998. p. 743.
EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA
Alejandro Vera
Felipe Cañas
Paula Andrea Velilla Hernández
MICROCIRCULATION
William Fernando Bermudez Bravo
Juan David Valencia
Edgardo Quiñones
Development of human prefrontal cortex
Efrain Buritica
Martha Isabel Escobar
Julio Palomino
Cellular response to brain injury
D.M. González Duque
THE BRAIN: FROM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION TO PSYCHOPATOLOGY.: Second Part: Microestructure and the Proc...
October 2004 · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria
The last two decades have been of fundamental importance in the study and understanding of the nervous system, this progress has not only addressed the neurochemical, neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, cytoarchitectonical, imageological phenomena underlying the cerebral mass but also the relationship of this knowledge with complex aspects of behavior and the psyche. The purpose of emphasizing a ... [Show full abstract] modern vision of the grasp of neuroscience must necessarily reflect a wider understanding of the reality of mental illness allowing a confluence between our biological, behavioral, psychic and social conditions.
Neurobiology 101: a one semester course in the neurosciences instead of a coffee break
C.H. Clanton
The fundamentals of neurobiology and some of the more interesting details are discussed in the jargon of the computer sciences. The neural building blocks, the brain, and the mind, are described. The ways in which biological systems and computers interact are examined.< >
Mental illness and the consciousness thesis
G. Lynn Stephens
George Graham
Introduction Writing more than seventy years ago the editors of a Carnegie Corporation funded study of mental disorders wrote as follows: The nature of mental disorder has clearly called for special concepts, distinctive methods, and a unique training …. [But] the logic of the case has not been clarified by a tenacious tradition of two distinct but related series of events, [viz. the] bodily and ... [Show full abstract] mental. (Bentley & Cowdry, 1934) If, however, mental events are not distinct, in some ultimate sense, from bodily or neural events, then what happens to the category of mental illness? There arises a definitional problem for the category of mental illness that goes something like this: to explain how mentality has a constitutive or definitional role to play in an illness or disorder (viz. mental illness or disorder), without presupposing that the domain of mental is distinct from the domain of the physical and neurobiological. In this chapter we briefly outline and defend a solution to the definitional problem. The heart of our solution is something we call the consciousness thesis (or 'CT' for short). This is the thesis that mental illness is an illness in and of consciousness. We also explain how CT is compatible with assuming that the brain is the base of mental illness and thus that neuroscience plays a critical, if not exclusive, role in understanding and treating mental illness.
EL CEREBRO: DE LA ESTRUCTURA Y LA FUNCIÓN A LA PSICOPATOLOGÍA Primera parte: Bloques funcionales
Hernán José
The last two decades have been of fundamental importance in the study and understanding of the nervous system, this progress has not only addressed the neurochemical, neurophysio- logical, neuroanatomical, cytoarchitectonical, imageological phenomena underlying the cerebral mass but also the relationship of this knowledge with complex aspects of behavior and the


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