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Matt Levine Thinks Badly About Incentives and Economics
Matt Levine writes (bold added, links omitted):
AT&T's acquisition of Time Warner is a vertical merger: AT&T mostly owns pipes (DirectTV, cellular networks) that bring content to consumers, while Time Warner mostly owns studios (Time Warner) and networks (HBO, the Turner networks) that produce and package that content. By combining the two, they can achieve some efficiency benefits that should work to lower prices for consumers. For instance, by combining AT&T's data on its wireless customers with Time Warner's advertising inventory, they can introduce more targeted ads, which "will lead to higher ad revenues that will alleviate pressure on the programing side and lower the price of video distribution to consumers," according to Judge Leon's opinion. In modern antitrust law, more targeted advertising is a consumer benefit. There are those who think that modern antitrust law is bad.
Against these benefits, the government argued that the combined company would have so much market power that it would actually be able to raise prices. This is an unusual argument in a vertical merger—and vertical mergers are rarely challenged—because the merger won't make AT&T any bigger in any of the businesses it (or Time Warner) is already in. Instead, the government's theory is that AT&T can use its Time Warner content to bully competing distributors (other cable companies, video-on-demand companies, etc.). Right now, Time Warner makes its money by signing big high-stakes deals with content distributors who want to carry its content. If they don't reach a deal, then everyone loses: Time Warner doesn't get paid, and the distributor's customers get mad that they can't watch HBO and start thinking about switching cable companies. And so in practice they generally work out a deal; long-term blackouts are very rare.
But once AT&T owns Time Warner, the government argued, its incentives will shift: If it fails to reach a deal with Comcast or whoever, then it still won't get paid for Time Warner's content, and Comcast's subscribers will still get mad and think about switching providers, but now they might switch to AT&T. (To DirecTV, or to some AT&T wireless video product, etc.) Blacking out Time Warner's networks on a competing distributor will now be good for AT&T's distribution business, which will give Time Warner more leverage to demand higher prices for its content in those negotiations with distributors. Or that is the government's theory, which it argued based on some intemperate public statements from AT&T, some worries from its competitors, and the expert testimony of antitrust economist Carl Shapiro.
Judge Leon didn't buy it. He noted that an AT&T expert witness looked at previous content/distribution vertical mergers and found that "There's absolutely no statistical basis to support the government's claim that vertical integration in this industry leads to higher content prices." And he noted that, even after the merger, it will be in AT&T/Time Warner's interest to distribute Time Warner's content as broadly as possible, so it won't really have that much leverage to demand higher prices:
Indeed the evidence showed that there has never been, and is likely never going to be, an actual long-term blackout of Turner content. Numerous witnesses explained, and Professor Shapiro acknowledged, that a long-term blackout of Turner content, even post-merger, would cause Turner to lose more in affiliate fee and advertising revenues than the merged entity would gain. Given that, there is insufficient evidentiary basis to support Professor Shapiro's contention that a post-merger Turner would, or even could, drive up prices by threatening distributors with long-term blackouts.
The discussion gets into some odd theory-of-the-firm moments. Several of AT&T's witnesses were people who had negotiated these content deals at other vertically integrated cable/content companies: "Madison Bond, who has served as a lead negotiator for NBCU during the past seven years when the company has been vertically integrated with Comcast," for instance, and several Time Warner executives who "testified similarly about their time at the company when it was vertically integrated with Time Warner Cable." All of these witnesses said the same thing: They never used their ownership by a distributor as leverage in negotiation with other distributors.
When questioned by defense counsel about his prior negotiations on behalf of NBCU, Bond testified that he "never once took into account the interest of Comcast cable in trying to negotiate a carriage agreement." Consideration of potential Comcast gains during an NBCU blackout "doesn't factor at all" into his negotations, Bond continued, nor has anyone from Comcast "ever asked" him "to think about that." Bond's statements were similar to testimony given by Comcast's chief negotiator, Greg Rigdon, who testified that he has never suggested, or seen a Comcast document suggesting, that NBC "should go dark on one of [Comcast's] competitors because then [Comcast] might pick up some subscribers" or that NBCU should "hold out for a little bit more in affiliate fees because that will harm" Comcast's competitors.
(Citations omitted.) Similarly, a Turner executive said, "I've been in Turner when we were a vertically integrated company and had a sister company called Time Warner Cable. And I can tell you that at no time during my tenure there did anyone ask me to consider in my negotiations and how I dealt with other distributors the outcome and impact at Time Warner Cable."
So basically everyone with experience of negotiating these deals, who had the leverage that the government claims AT&T/Time Warner will have, said: Nah, it never even occurred to us to do that. But the government's economist testified that of course they would have that leverage and use it. "Indeed, this opinion by Professor Shapiro runs contrary to all of the real-world testimony during the trial from those who have actually negotiated on behalf of vertically integrated companies," wrote Judge Leon. So he asked Shapiro about it, and got this fun answer:
No, I am aware of that testimony. And so I think there's a very serious tension between that testimony and the working assumption for antitrust economists that Professor Carlton and I share; that the company after the merger will be run to maximize their joint profits.
Isn't that sort of lovely? An economist testified about how companies should operate. Actual operators testified about how the companies do operate. The answers were different. "There's a very serious tension," said the economist. It is really all you could ask for in an antitrust trial: An economic theory of corporate behavior was proposed, it was confronted with the practical reality of the people actually doing the corporate behavior, and the economic theory shrugged and melted away.
Judge Leon is surely right that the tension isn't as serious as Shapiro thinks:
That profit-maximization premise is not inconsistent, however, with the witness testimony that the identity of a programmer's owner has not affected affiliate negotiations in real-world instances of vertical integration. Rather, as those witnesses indicated, vertically integrated corporations have previously determined that the best way to increase company wide profits is for the programming and distribution components to separately maximize their respective revenues. … In the case of programmers, that means pursuing deals "to be on all the platforms," rather than undertaking a "series of risks" to threaten a long-term blackout.
Part of how you combine different businesses is by getting them to work together: If Time Warner is good at selling ads, and AT&T is good at mining customer data, then you smush them together so that AT&T/Time Warner will be good at selling ads based on customer data-mining, which is where the money is. But part of how you combine different businesses is by leaving them to work separately: If Time Warner's business model is selling programming to every distributor, then changing that model so that it only sells to AT&T, just because AT&T bought it, would be a mistake. Which is which—when you should combine businesses, and when you should leave them to make their own profit-maximizing decisions—is a complicated question, and you can certainly try to answer it with game theory and economic modeling. But sometimes you can just ask companies what they actually do! It is not perfect evidence of what they should do. But it's pretty good evidence of what they will do.
I've read lots of Money Stuff columns. I often like them. This is the worst one I've seen. People lie. People fail to introspect, especially when the results would be inconvenient.
Of course merged companies work to make an overall profit for the new, single company. Not perfectly, but there's major incentives in companies to make a profit, and these incentives do play a major role in behavior. Sure it happens that sometimes the right hand of the company doesn't talk to the left hand, and they consequently fail to maximize profits. And sure it happens that sometimes the amount of profit available from a particular optimization is too small for the coordination effort required to get it. And sure it happens that people fail to notice opportunities. None of those mean economic theory is wrong.
Why is Levine so naively credulous of some people saying things in court that they have a strong incentive to say? AT&T wouldn't have brought in someone to testify if they were going to say something else that hurt AT&T... And people saying something else would be at risk of getting themselves fired, and maybe other bad things, because they'd basically be saying they personally, and their company, was doing bad stuff that there are various laws against (anti-trust if nothing else – yes anti-trust law is extremely vague, but this seems like the kinda stuff people think that violates it, which is exactly why it was a topic of discussion in this anti-trust case).
Also the witnesses said they didn't go up to Comcast, or whoever, and say "yo, give us lots of money or we'll do a blackout cuz we don't give a damn cuz we own DirectTV" or an equivalent of that. Choosing not to use it as an aggressive talking point, and saying with full clarity what one means, is perfectly compatible with negotiating harder due to the incentives that exist. The testimony also uses careful language, e.g. a person says he didn't suggest doing it, and didn't read any documents suggesting he do it. Another guy says he wasn't asked to take something into account. There's a comment about going dark, which is different thing than using it as a background possibility to negotiate a better deal (which is what they always do, all the time, obviously – of course, if they aren't paid enough money, they will go dark, and everyone on both sides knows it).
Why doesn't Levine consider the incentives people have, and just believes them when they say they act contrary to financial incentives?
And the mathy arguments used are nonsense. Blackouts are too expensive to threaten? Umm, not exactly. Blackouts are always an implied threat in negotiations. If you don't pay us, we will not let you air our shows. Duh. After the merger, the overall cost of a blackout will be smaller for the new merged company than it was for the old company (because e.g. the blackout it benefits DirecTV, which makes up for a portion of the downside).
If no deal is $100 less bad for you than before, you negotiate harder than before and you maybe get a $50 better deal. Even if the deal is worth a million dollars, this is still true, though in that case it'd be too small a factor to worry about. But the argument wasn't "we calculated how big a factor this is, and it's too small to matter much". They didn't figure out what size factor it is. They just denied it's a factor. That's stupid and incompetent, and Levine ought to have noticed if he were competent.
Similarly, the arguments about the benefits of letting different divisions of a company operate independently effect the degree of the issue. Maybe those benefits are larger than the ability of the merged company to negotiate harder and raise prices for TV content. Maybe a lot larger, so the merged company will only pursue the much larger benefit and not concern itself with the smaller benefit that isn't fully compatible with the larger benefit. But Levine doesn't treat it like competing factors and compare their size. He uses one to try to dismiss and ignore the other. That's nonsense. Nor does Levine consider what potential future changes to the company (e.g. some reorganization, selling some other divisions off and getting smaller, whatever) might change the calculations and therefore result in the price raising behavior being economically efficient.
Also, when deciding to believe the businessmen who said "oh no, we would never act according to financial incentives – in fact, we don't even know those financial incentives exist", Levine ignored that there were also public statements by AT&T that admitted it (at least Levine himself said those statements exist, but he didn't quote any or give a source).
Is it true that the best way to maximize profits for a company is for individual divisions to maximize profits? No. You might run your company that way because doing things more optimally is too hard. But that's not the theoretical best way.
And no, Levine, no one said anything about changing the model to only sell the TV shows to AT&T. That's an especially dishonest thing to write.
To be clear: anti-trust laws are evil (which is another thing Levine is clueless about). I'm not saying that mergers should be blocked because prices for some things would be raised, nor am I claiming they actually will be raised. I'm just analyzing the quality of the arguments and thinking presented by Levine, and the big mistakes in the article are on the pro-merger side.
Elliot Temple on July 30, 2018
Reading the article and remembering things it said and then connecting them to my comments afterward is *too hard for people*. And they won't scroll back and forth to reread things and figure it out – even though that would be a step towards developing the skill of being a competent reader and thinker (it'd be *practice* towards getting better at activities like relating commentary to a passage).
I added bold text mostly on what I comment on later to make it easier, but that isn't enough. I could have done my commentary intermixed with quotes, as I often do, but for various reasons I didn't write it that way initially. I could go back and change it (move paragraphs around), but no one will reward me for spending time making it easier for them.
curi at 10:41 AM on July 30, 2018 | #10507 | reply | quote
Same article, Levine writes:
> Still, you probably shouldn't lie to your customers about the prices you paid for bonds. That's not legal advice or anything, and the law does seem murky, but in any case, your bank doesn't want you to do it. Here is a Securities and Exchange Commission enforcement action against Bank of America Corp.'s Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. unit, which agreed to pay more than $15 million because its traders lied about RMBS prices to customers from 2009 through 2012. **Obviously** it does not want that to happen any more. [emphasis and links omitted, bold added]
*Obviously* the bank doesn't want something to happen anymore, which makes the bank money, because the bank paid a $15 million fine? That is not obvious. You'd have to consider how dollars it makes the bank. It could be a lot more than the size of the fine.
This is another stupid comment by Levine.
Anonymous at 10:46 AM on July 30, 2018 | #10508 | reply | quote
Same article, apparently the SEC thinks making too much profit on a voluntary transaction is fraud:
> That's *just* selling the bond for (much) more than Merrill paid for it. There is no lying at all. But the SEC still thinks it's fraud:
>> Merrill traders did not disclose the excessive mark-ups charged to Merrill customers. Information about those mark-ups would have been important to the investment decisions of those customers. By failing to disclose the excessive mark-ups, Merrill traders acted knowingly or recklessly. Under these circumstances, their conduct violated antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws
All they did is buy something for $X and sell it for (a lot) more than that.
If there was some expectation by the customer that he was buying at market prices – especially if the bank did something to communicate that – it wasn't mentioned. The overall situation in question wasn't explained very well and I didn't research it, but it basically seems like commerce involving sophisticated businessmen. Also apparently the markups in the examples were only 2.1% and 5.4%, despite the 6 figure profits.


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package org.teavm.model.util;

import java.util.List;
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import org.teavm.model.InvokeDynamicInstruction;
import org.teavm.model.instructions.*;

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our Ad Olam team has been working overtime to create the best Yom Kippur events ever. Come and enjoy both new and traditional music and teachings.
Kol Nidre Yom Kippur Evening Services begin at 7pm tomorrow.
Aruna Beth Miriam Rose and Rob Tobias are sounding great and have brought in some wonderful harmonies with Debbie Sugarman and Hannah Veith. Youme (Amy) Danziger and her cello are warmed up.
Rabbi Hanan's has wetted his whistle.
Morning Services will begin at 10:30 am with Emily Fox and harmonies with Kathryn Lavine.
Come and enjoy the work/play shops after morning servies.
The Memorial service, the Neilah service and the break the fast will follow.
Click on the schedule page for details.
Can anyone come help set up at Unity at noon tomorrow?
L'Shanah Tovah, Happy New Year!
Rosh Hashanah is Wednesday evening. Ad Olam services will start at 7 pm at Unity of the Valley. Please come early so we can start on time. There will be lots of great music with Rob and Debbie, old and new. Some wonderful new teachings and our special guest Sephardic Rebbe coming coming all the way from the 16th century Spain. Apples, Honey and Challah Kiddish to follow.
Rosh Hashanah morning will start at 11 am at Unity of the Valley.
Following the Service will be a Tashlich ritual, potluck and song circle across the street at Tugman Park. Birdseed will be provided for tossing away the old.
Please bring some food to share.* Plates, etc. for lunch will be provided. Refrigeration is available at Unity. Song circle will follow.
* Potluck will be "Biblically Kosher" (No Pork or Shellfish) please.
It was once asked, "Rebbe, how do you create such 'interesting' services"?
The Rebbi stroked his beard and pondered this 'deep' question.
"Teach and Learn, Pray and Turn!", the Rebbe exclaimed.
We have all spent too many hours listening to Rabbi Hanan go hanan and on an on about making becoming better people by making the world a better place.
.... and making the world a better place by being better people that through some miracle we have been changed. None of us are ordained Rabbis.
All of us have listened to the logic of how Rabbi Hanan sees the structure of the service. We make a sincere effort to follow his template while always bringing only ourselves, what is real for us in the now.
Rabbi Hanan will do us the honor of attending the services as he is able. He is not able to actively teach these days, but he still loves to sing and we will do a handful of prayers and songs that he loves.
Rob Tobias will be bringing is Spirit filled music and teaching. He is a gifted song writer and musician always capturing in a tune what normal mortals take hours to try to say.
Jordan Michels is the President of Ad Olam and looks forward to working with the musicians and everyone else to co-create these holidays every year.
He loves to teach, heal, and occasionally channel other great teachers such as Yoda and Rebbe Nachman.
Aruna Beth Rose's angelic voice and inspired song writing has been bringing music of Spirit to Eugene for years.
She loves to get back to her roots and bring new and Jewish Music to us on the Holy Days. She also love to share her wisdom.
Emily Fox has been bringing music to Eugene many years. She does original music as well as others music and prayers.
She also teaches guitar and is a regular musical talent at Temple Beth Israel.
Debby Sugarman has come out for the East Coast and will be lending us her beautiful voice again this year.
Katherine Levine will be joining Emily on Yom Kippur morning.
John Marshall will be helping with is theatrical talent. Thank you to Janice Medvin and Adrienne Collaizzi for help with the Kiddish.
Of course many others will be assisting in many ways and there names will be added here as I am able.
For highlights of the wonderous workshops / playshops with Tzila Cohen and Gary Reese see here.
whatever your religious background or secular views.
All are welcome to participate in our services. No one will be turned away due to inability to contribute, but we request a tax deductible $25 -$50 donation per adult for each of the four main services (2 morning and two evening), or an appropriate amount based on your financial situation. You are welcome to contribute more if you are able to support ongoing financial needs of Ad Olam (see below).
To avoid dealing with money during the High Holy Days this mail back form can be printed and mailed. Donations can also be made at the door. Make checks out to Ad Olam. All money goes to support the work of Ad Olam. Our combined collaborative efforts make these services possible.
In addition to the donations to support the services themselves we are asking for some additional help.
This is to pay our minimal operational costs such as copying, website, P.O Box. The Board is unpaid and does most of the clerical work itself.
This fund is to help Rabbi Hanan's ongoing work. Primarily this is for some clerical help with his files, materials, and media to sort through it help make some of available to us. It's a big task and without help it cannot happen. Remember that Hanan is retired and receives no regular income from Ad Olam.
On our Holiest day of the year, this workshop will be offering a chance to use art as a means for introspection.
Learn to use Jewish letters, words and teachings to contact your own intuitive inspiration.
Feed your soul and rejuvenate your spirit as you learn to creatively reflect on your inner truth while your body fasts.
Pre-outlined sheets will be available if you're new to free-flowing art, or you can totally let your intuition guide you with a blank canvas. Watercolors, acrylics, pens, stamps, and a few collage items will be available, accompanied by soulful music and good vibes. All levels of artists welcome.
Tzila has been playing with multiple art forms ever since she can remember; she honestly can't think of a time that art was not part of her life. She loves the lack of rules and free-form expression art allows.
She has discovered deep well of inspiration by starting a work with Hebrew words, Jewish intentions and symbols.
Tzila has worked extensively with film photography, crafting, and has currently fallen in love with watercolor and acrylics in conjunction with other multimedia infusions. You can often find her late at night, on the floor, listening to music while creating her newest manifestation.
Come let Tzila and the spirit of the day inspire you!


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Sandra Bullock Net Worth 2018
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Bryan Randall Daughter, Age, Bio, Net Worth, Spouse (Sandra Bullock) Image Source Sandra Bullock has always been one of the leading actresses in the world, both in terms of popularity of name and body of work. If you love Sandra Bullock movies, then you'll find the films listed above to be entertaining and worth watching. Keanu Reeves Net Worth $350 Million. In turn, the "Ocean's 8" star has plowed some of her hard-earned cash into real estate. 'Ocean's 8' Cast: Sandra Bullock Net Worth, Rihanna Net Worth and More. American adult star, Sandra Otterson, currently based in Arizona, USA has is worth about $5 million. Sandra Bullock: Even an actress with a net-worth of $200 million is careful about her purchases. READ ALSO: 6 best horror movies of all time. 5 million internationally and domestically. Breaking News. Sandra Bullock is currently worth $210 million. He has a net worth of $360 million. Her achievements in the motion picture industry and considerable wealth score her even with Taylor Swift and Jessica Alba, who both can also boast of a $200 million net worth. Angela Bennett (Sandra Bullock) is a beautiful but reclusive computer systems analyst who enjoys her lonely nights surfing the net and entering chat lines. Robert Kelly Thomas was born on 14 February 1972 in Landstuhl, (then)West Germany, singer, songwriter, solo performer and rock recording artist who has also worked and written with several world-famous music…. The popular "Ocean's" heist franchise is getting a new twist, as Sandra Bullock takes on the role of Debbie Ocean, sister of George Clooney's Danny Ocean. your username. Together with most this, her projected net worth is about $220 million. Jesse Gregory James (born April 19, 1969) is an American television personality and former CEO of Austin, Texas-based Austin Speed Shop. Discover her outside projects, net worth and her life as a mother. If you could live next door to a celebrity, who would it be? Most likely, you'd choose Sandra Bullock, the beautiful and newly single star of Miss Congeniality and dozens of other major motion. She is active in the industry since 1987. In turn, the "Ocean's 8. In an interview with Us magazine, she recalled thinking: "OK, there is no way to shoot this unless you are buck naked. China can hit US with sanctions worth $3. American actress, film and television producer, as well as a voice actress Sandra Anne Bullock, was born on 26 July 1964, in Arlington County, Virginia, and rose to prominence in…. Check out the below article to know. 6/14/2018 · Sandra Bullock and longtime boyfriend Bryan Randall were spotted together on the red carpet at the premiere of Ocean's 8 in London. 25 million. All in all, current estimates of Simpson's net worth range from GoBankingRates. Sandra has had previous relationships with famous actors including Tate Donovan, Matthew McConaughey and Ryan Gosling. The stutter-stepping ascent of Sandra Bullock begins with Working Girl; very few saw any of the six episodes of the TV sitcom, which aired in 1990, fewer still the Roger Corman B-flick Fire on the. Although 1 Million Haitians are still homeless, Bullock could help. " She is worth a jaw-dropping $200 million. The actress joins entrepreneurs and entertainers such as pop. Though he's been running his business in L. Bullock (1925–2018), an Army employee and part-time voice coach from Birmingham, Alabama. " She is worth a jaw-dropping $200 million. Sandra Bullock Net Worth, Biography, Wiki and More. Only bringing in $8. Until the age of 18, Bullock held American-German dual citizenship. Born Name: Sandra Annette Bullock. It's almost impossible to imagine these days, but Sandra Bullock had to sell the concept of the internet itself in the film. But, The Richest claims her net worth is $125 million. Sandra Bullock is a world-wide known actress who won several awards as an actress. Sandra Bullock Net Worth. Gossip Cop can correct the story. Sandra Bullock Grabs Dinner with Boyfriend Bryan Randall in WeHo! Sandra Bullock and Bryan Randall make a quick dash to their car as they leave Innovative Dining Group's ROKU on Friday night. Sandra Bullock was born on July 26, 1964 in Arlington, Virginia, a district of Washington. We are going to show you what is the exact money worth Sandra Bullock. If you love Sandra Bullock movies, then you'll find the films listed above to be entertaining and worth watching. Sandra Bullock full list of movies and tv shows in theaters, in production and upcoming films. Sandra Bullock was born on July 26, 1964 in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. " Sandra Bullock – $200m. Well, the couple Bryan and Sandra have been together since 2015. The 54-year-old actress admitted it was "hard" to concentrate on set with Reeves. Clooney is the world's highest-paid actor of 2018, raking in $239 million in a year alone. SBULL - Sandra Bullock StarBond Page. Other than as an actress, She also owns a production company, Fortis Films, has made 19 movies and scored a massive syndication deal from George Lopez Sandra Bullock is a Virginia-born actress and producer who has a net worth of $200 million. Born Name: Sandra Annette Bullock. Sandra Bullock Birthday Just in case you are curious about when is Sandra Bullock 's birthday , Bullo ck (full name : Sandra Annette Bullock) was born on July 26, 1964, which means she is 48 years old. Sandra Bullock's net worth has become one of the highly searched details about the actress in recent times and this is evident in the kind of search tags linked to her name on the internet. Sandra Bullock's role in the actioner Speed opened the door to new opportunities as a leading lady. White House officials joke that he is like the astronaut played by Sandra Bullock in the movie "Gravity," somersaulting through space, untethered to the White House. I don't know about you guys, but as I get older, I find myself more likely to go back and watch a movie that I had a good time with over one that I actual revere. Sandra Bullock was born in 1960s. The attractive couple were. She is an actress, model, musician and dancer. Sandra Bullock Wiki, Bio, Net Worth, Affairs Actress By CELEBWIKIBIO On January 1, 2019 No Comments Sandra Bullock, born on July 26, 1964 is an American producer, actress and philanthropist. Sandra Bullock's net worth has become one of the highly searched details about the actress in recent times and this is evident in the kind of search tags linked to her name on the internet. Sandra Bullock Net Worth, Biography, Wiki and More. Sandra Bullock Net Worth. She stayed there till 2003. Bryan Randall Daughter, Age, Bio, Net Worth, Spouse (Sandra Bullock) Image Source Sandra Bullock has always been one of the leading actresses in the world, both in terms of popularity of name and body of work. Her father was a real estate broker and her mother was a professor. Whereas his wife Sandra's net worth is approximately $200 Million as of 2019. Actress Sandra Bullock's approachable, big-screen appeal has made her one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood, with a reported net worth of $200 million. John met Helga when he was stationed in Nuremberg. According to a breakdown [] Aug 14, 2018. His net worth has been made by his career as being a CEO of West Coast Choppers and being a former CEO of Austin Speed Shop. Christian Ingvordsen's thriller Hangmen in 1987. Sandra Bullock Net Worth is $125 Million. Well, Sandra Annette Bullock is a famous actress and producer who have made her fame by performing in a number of super hit movies. Who knew that going undercover for the Miss United States pageant could pay so well?. But for today's young Netflix viewers, she's now become 'that lady from the 'Bird Box' thanks to the. In an interview with Entertainment Tonight in May 2018, Sandra revealed that Bryan is super kind towards her kids. Sandra Bullock Net worth. He is caught in a bigger net. Closing soon: Sandra Bullock's Bess Bistro Bess Bistro will close its doors on September 20. Bullock has an affair with boyfriend Bryan Randall. His estimated net worth is approximately 350$ million. You might have missed: Bob Woodruff Net Worth, Salary, Bio, Married, Wife and Children. She has a great name and is an important part of the entertainment industry. " She is worth a jaw-dropping $200 million. Sandra Bullock's Estimated Net Worth, Age, Biography, Career, Height, Weight, Family, Wiki. She was interested in acting since her childhood and to pursue her career as an actress, Sandra took acting classes. 6 million at the box office, the film was panned by critics. Much Like You, Sandra Bullock Crushed So Hard on Keanu Reeves She. A look into Sandra Bullock's net worth, money and current earnings. Bullock later earned an Oscar for her role in The Blind Side (2009). Imagine one day there's a knock at your door. Sandra Bullock Net Worth is. "Sandra Bullock is THE actress from her generation and there is nothing you can say to prove me wrong smh. Sandra adopted him back in 2010. 485 million , Ocean's 8 star Sandra Bullock opted to rent it out. She popular for her roles in Demolition Man (1993), Speed (1994), While You Were Sleeping (1995), A Time to Kill (1996), Miss Congeniality (2000), The Proposal (2009) and The Heat (2013). Sandra Bullock Net Worth has been on the top of the charts since many weeks. Sandra Bullock Net Worth Being one of the richest actresses in the world, the net worth of Sandra Bullock is $200 million as estimated in the year 2019. Sandra got engaged with Tate Donovan but their relationship could not last long. $40,000-$75,000 (Per Single show). (Richard Shotwell/Richard. Sandra Bullock is an American actress, we are looking Sandra Bullock Biography & Wiki? she was born on 26-Jul-64 Arlington County, America, Her Father Name John W. Sandra Bullock adopted two black children. Sandra Bullock Body Measurements Height Weight Bra Size Stats Bio An American actress and film producer, Sandra Annette Bullock was born on 26 th July 1964. UPDATE 25/10/2019 : This story seems to be false. GoBankingRates. Bullock (1925-2018), an Army employee and part-time voice coach from Birmingham, Alabama. 2018 Member Map. Discover how much the famous Movie Actress is worth in 2019. With that said, we understand that there exists a big possibility that there's been at least one Sandra Bullock cosmetic surgery done. Sandra Bullock: Even an actress with a net-worth of $200 million is careful about her purchases. Bullock (1925–2018), an Army employee and part-time voice coach from Birmingham, Alabama. Watch what surprising things Keanu Reeves has done with his net worth! What is Keanu Reeves net worth today? Check out our video to find out about Keanu Reeves net worth Forbes has estimated. Joshua James Corbett broke into and entered Bullock's home in 2014. Sandra Bullock was born in a Virginia suburb of Washington, DC, to an American voice teacher father and a German opera singer mother. Sandra Bullock Net Worth and Salary: Sandra Bullock is a Virginia-born actress and producer who has a net worth of $200 million. Her major source of income is from her profession i. With Sandra Bullock, Jeremy Northam, Dennis Miller, Diane Baker. 18 May 2018, 13:19; SANDRA Bullock is an Oscar-winning actress - and she's one of Hollywood's biggest stars. Sandra Bullock is currently dating Bryan Randall. Nicole Kidman ($130. Bird Box movie review: Sandra Bullock's Netflix thriller, directed by Susanne Bier, has shades of M Night Shyamalan's The Happening and John Krasinski's A Quiet Place. Her net worth is estimated to be $225 million dollars as of 2019. The Indian film producer, actor and former model John Abraham net worth is US $25 million (around 168 crore rupees). Bullock is currently in a relationship. Today, Sandra Bullock has an astounding net worth of $200 million. Cate Blanchett Net Worth: $85 Million. I don't know about you guys, but as I get older, I find myself more likely to go back and watch a movie that I had a good time with over one that I actual revere. She was born Sandra Annette Bullock in. It is good. Now, he is in the news because he is dating Sandra Bullock. Welcome! Log into your account. Secret Celebrity Weddings "They are not married. " Sandra Bullock - $200m. This data provided by us on Sandra Bullock Net Worth is just on estimated basis and statistical analysis. Reeves height is 6 feet and 1 inch and certainly seems to be doing pretty good in his career. They each honed. There was no ceremony planned in the first place. Other movies worth watching include Ocean's Eight (2018) and The Lake House (2006). Together with most this, her projected net worth is about $220 million. Sandra Bullock is a popular American actress and producer. Bullock became very popular at school and was in cheer-leading team and participated in theater productions. His show started five years ago, and thanks to its popularity, Mark's net worth has increased significantly. åÊShe has been listed in the Guiness Book of World Records as the highest paid actress in the world. Much of that success can be chalked up to Sandra Bullock's gripping performance as Ryan Stone. Sandra Bullock was born on July 26, 1964 in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. Sandra Bullock's bio is filled with personal and professional info. 55-year-old Sandra Bullock has taken the No. Fans de la actriz Sandra Bullock #Bullockers 🎬 Ocean's 8. Her main source of income is her career as an actress. Bullock tells all DeGeneres explained to Reeves that in 2018, she asked Bullock if she had a crush on. Due to her 30-year career as an actor and producer, Sandra has a net worth of $200 million, according to Celebrity Net Worth. But for today's young Netflix viewers, she's now become 'that lady from the 'Bird Box' thanks to the. Bullock was born in Arlington, Virginia, on July 26, 1964, the daughter of Helga Mathilde Meyer (1942-2000), an opera singer and voice teacher from Germany, and John W. Dec 21, 2018 · 'Bird Box' is 'scary-ish': What critics say about Sandra Bullock's blindfolded Netflix drama. Here's Sandra's height, weight, body statistics. She has been one of Hollywood's top star of years as her net worth is the proof. Her husband has also helped with her net worth, thanks to his similar work in the entertainment industry. The celebrated actress has had plenty of success throughout her career, so it comes as no surprise that Sandra Bullock 's net worth is an estimated $200. In December 2018, a Twitter user caused a stir by calling her "the lady from Bird Box. If you've heard the name Gesine Bullock-Prado and wondered if she was related to Sandra Bullock, the answer is yes: she's the superstar's sister, though she's becoming famous in her own right. For Netflix Inc. According to the various sources of 2017, Sandra Bullock net worth is calculated to be approximately 200 million dollars. She was looking at a bag with rings and told the sales associate that she was concerned that it would go out of style next year. Sandra Bullock Ethnicity White. With a myriad of acting roles under her belt, it's not surprising she has amassed such a fortune. The next four places on the list are held by Cameron Diaz ($18m) and a trio of women who have made their earnings playing supporting roles in superhero movies: The Avengers' Scarlett Johansson ($17m), Man of Steel's Amy Adams ($13m) and Thor: The Dark World's Natalie Portman. Sandra Bullock is an award-winning actress, who has worked on numerous highly successful films. is listed (or ranked) 2 on the list The 29 Hottest Sandra Bullock Photos Sandra Bullock by Steven Meisel, 2005 Sandra Bullock - Nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role for "Gravity" Sandra Bullock - dressy and elegant beauty Sandra Bullock (one of my favorite actresses) This is my fav actress of all time!!. 1995's While You Were Sleeping grossed $81 million and made her a Tinseltown commodity. The celebrity, tv-personality & actress is currently single, her starsign is Leo and she is now 55 years of age. Actress Sandra Bullock has adopted a 3-year-old girl named Laila. She is also known for her thriller role "Hangmen" (1987). Continue to next page below to see how much is Sandra Bullock really worth, including net worth, estimated earnings, and salary for 2019. A computer programmer stumbles upon a conspiracy, putting her life and the lives of those around her in great danger. The actress had also achieved a lot of success in the next few years for her roles in the movies, Miss Congeniality, Two Weeks Notice, Crash, The Proposal, The Heat, and Ocean's 8. He recently blew out his birthday cake candles and shared a sweet. Yesterday Sandra Bullock turned 46, so happy belated birthday, Sandy! This has been quite a year for the affable actress, winning an Oscar and losing a marriage in the same year, which is tough enough in and of itself even without a heinous scandal associated with it. Sandra Bullock makes an amazing net worth and salary from her acting career. The highest paid actress in 2007, Sandra Bullock has the huge net worth of $200 million. Discover her outside projects, net worth and her life as a mother. Sandy has earned a luxe living thanks to leading roles in Miss Congeniality, Gravity, and her latest release, Oceans 8. She is known as a legend and many people are looking up to her. Bullock is an American actor best known for his starring role in the 1980's sitcom Too Close for Comfort. Because not all Bullock comedies are created equal. Netflix's 'Bird Box,' With Sandra Bullock, Is Worth Seeing In A Theater Scott Mendelson Senior Contributor Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Sandra Bullock in Bird Box. 1995's While You Were Sleeping grossed $81 million and made her a Tinseltown commodity. She stayed there till 2003. Leah Murphy on the popular medical drama Grey's Anatomy as from 2012 to 2013. According to the various sources of 2017, Sandra Bullock net worth is calculated to be approximately 200 million dollars. The Sandra Bullock flick is the December 27, 2018. If you've heard the name Gesine Bullock-Prado and wondered if she was related to Sandra Bullock, the answer is yes: she's the superstar's sister, though she's becoming famous in her own right. $40,000-$75,000 (Per Single show). Rob Thomas Net Worth. Jeanne Senechal, « Sandra Bullock pousse un coup de gueule à propos de l'adoption de ses enfants », sur Huff Post, 3 mai 2018. After Angela realizes that her home has been stolen from her, she runs out of the property's side gate on Dell Avenue and heads north towards the Venice Canals. 6/14/2018 · Sandra Bullock and longtime boyfriend Bryan Randall were spotted together on the red carpet at the premiere of Ocean's 8 in London. Here, we rank 32 of Sandra Bullock's movies that she starred in as a major character. Closing soon: Sandra Bullock's Bess Bistro Bess Bistro will close its doors on September 20. åÊFor her work inåÊGravityåÊBullock has made $77 million. This means that she is over 51 years. But, The Richest claims her net worth is $125 million. Sandra Bullock's Net Worth And Income Sources. Reeves height is 6 feet and 1 inch and certainly seems to be doing pretty good in his career. Sandra Bullock Movies list is The Blind Side, Crash, While You Were Sleeping. She rose to fame in the 1990s with roles in films such as Demolition Man (1993), Speed (1994), The Net (1995), While You Were Sleeping (1995), A Time to Kill (1996), and Hope Floats (1998). She is earning a good amount of money from her work. Nora Lum — a rapper-comedian who goes by the stage name Awkwafina — has only been acting since 2013, but has two major movies due out in 2018: "Ocean's 8" and "Crazy Rich Asians. Richard Armitage Net Worth: $2M. Sandra Bullock contact information is listed here including address, agent, manager and publicist. Sandra Bullock May or May Not. Most of her wealth is a result of her television career. net) is a non-profit site that is no way affiliated with Sandra, her management, co-workers or family members. GoBankingRates. Her films have earned over $5 billion at the Box Office as of now. Keanu Reeves has managed to bag up a huge net worth and a huge number of fan following. Gossip Cop looked into the situation and we can set the record straight. Sandra Bullock was born in 1960s. This means that she is over 51 years. I really don't give a sh*t what happens to Jesse James, but in the interest of accuracy it needs to be pointed out that he was semi-famous before marrying Bullock and has a profitable business, so the comparison to K-Fed is not entirely fair. Sandra Bullock Movies list is The Blind Side, Crash, While You Were Sleeping. James was the host of the reality TV shows Jesse James Is a Dead Man on Spike TV and Monster Garage on the Discovery Channel, and the focus of the documentary Motorcycle Mania, also on Discovery. [Quick Facts. Joshua James Corbett broke into and entered Bullock's home in 2014. Our lovely Actors earn a lot, no exception and Sandra Bullock, here is this person worth: Sandra Bullock net worth:$200. Bullock has received many awards in her career. Here we also added Sandra Bullock previous years. Sandy was born in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. Sandra Bullock is an American Actress. Sandra Bullock Net Worth. net) is a non-profit site that is no way affiliated with Sandra, her management, co-workers or family members. This data provided by us on Sandra Bullock Net Worth is just on estimated basis and statistical analysis. Aside from "The Matrix" trilogy, Keanu Reeves' other notable works include "Speed" with Sandra Bullock, Bernardo Bertolucci's "Little Buddha", "The Day the Earth Stood Still", and more recently "John Wick", which received a lot of critical praise. If you Google Sandra Bullock and Jewish, you will get pages and pages of back-and-forth about the Oscar-winning actress' heritage. Sandra Bullock May or May Not. Until the age of 18, Bullock held American-German dual citizenship. Kerry is vocal and forceful in internal debates, officials said, but he frequently gets out of sync with the White House in his public statements. Phaedra Parks Well-known entertainment attorney and philanthropist. Celebrity Net Worth, Richest Celebrities, Biographies & Wiki. Sandra Bullock Net worth. Here's Sandra's height, weight, body statistics. 01 million in 2018 and her net worth is $3 million. She is one of the richest actresses in the world. Analysis: Sandra Bullock is Hollywood's Top Actress June 30th, 2014 With the recent weak performance of films such as Transcendence and Edge of Tomorrow at the box office, there's been a lot of talk recently about how much actors and actresses are really worth to a film. In the new film, Bullock gathers up her group of accomplices — which includes Cate Blanchett, Mindy Kaling, Rihanna, Awkwafina, Helena Bonham Carter and Sarah Paulson — to plan a heist during the Met Gala. Throughout her career, she has been named one of Forbes' Highest Paid Actresses, eventually topping the list in 2014. Robert Kelly Thomas was born on 14 February 1972 in Landstuhl, (then)West Germany, singer, songwriter, solo performer and rock recording artist who has also worked and written with several world-famous music…. While Bullock, who won an Academy. Running away from cyber-hackers. Blanchett is said to have a net worth of about $85 million. She has been in blockbuster films like Miss Congeniality, The Blind Side, Gravity, Practical Magic, The Proposal, and Speed. One of the best and most talented actresses in the United States Sandra Bullock net worth has been announced to… Read More ». This means that she is over 51 years. Born on 26th July 1964, Sandra Annette Bullock is a Hollywood actress, philanthropist, humanitarian and producer. Enter Sandra Bullock in this hilariously dated thriller that does for The Internet what REEFER MADNESS did for marijuana. The Net: The dominant memory I have of Sandra Bullock in The Net is of her running. Keanu Reeves has managed to bag up a huge net worth and a huge number of fan following. Sandra Bullock was born in a Virginia suburb of Washington, DC, to an American voice teacher father and a German opera singer mother. You answer and a smiling movie-location-scout is asking to use your home for the upcoming movie, The Proposal, starring Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds. Sandra Bullock is an American Citizen who by profession is an actress, producer, businesswomen and a philanthropist. • And that Sandra Bullock is in good hands while she's in town filming "The Heat Comcast Sports Net New England's own Tom E. and Nationality American, 5 feet 7 inches her original height and Her Weight 56 KG. How much is Sandra Bullock Worth? Sandra Bullock net worth: Sandra Bullock is a Virginia-born actress and producer who has a net worth of $200 million. They initially followed a comparable path to stardom, beginning with being a standout gal in a guy-heavy action flick (Ryan in 1986's Top Gun and Bullock in 1994's Demolition Man). Weren't we all worth that at 24, though? A post shared by Justin Bieber (@justinbieber) onJul 9, 2018 at 3:14pm PDT. Rob Thomas Net Worth. Sandra Bullock's Ex Husband's Net Worth Jesse James has an estimated net worth of $100 million. The celebrity, tv-personality & actress is currently single, her starsign is Leo and she is now 55 years of age. Property gossip column staple Sandra Bullock asks $3 million sale for home above L. Sandra Bullock and her boyfriend made a rare public outing together on Wednesday night for the London premiere of her latest film, "Ocean's 8," in Leicester Square. Bullock was born in Arlington, Virginia, on July 26, 1964, the daughter of Helga Mathilde Meyer (1942–2000), an opera singer and voice teacher from Germany, and John W. Among the greatest & most gifted performers in the United States Sandra Bullock net worth has been declared to reach 125 million dollars. From 1998, he lived in Philippines. Sandra Bullock was born on July 26, 1964 in Arlington, Virginia to John, a Pentagon employee from Alabama and Helga, an opera singer from Germany. The Virginia-born actress has mostly accumulated her annual revenue from her profession as an actress and producer, who has been featured in several blockbuster movies. Blanchett is said to have a net worth of about $85 million. Sandra Bullock Net Worth has been on the top of the charts since many weeks. Sandra Bullock Bullock rose to fame in the 1990s with roles in films such as Demolition Man, Speed, The Net, etc. Sandra Bullock's Best Looks "Bryan has been an amazing support system to her and Louis," a source told E! News in September 2015, before it became clear why she might need a little extra. Sandra Bullock is one of eight female thieves who are teaming up to steal six pounds of diamonds in the new trailer for "Ocean's 8. Bullock plays a reclusive computer hacker – but a good hacker who, after saving a virus on a floppy disc for her doomed friend, winds up being hunted by… Let's go back a few steps: While. The highest paid actress in 2007, Sandra Bullock has the huge net worth of $200 million. Gossip Cop looked into the situation and we can set the record straight. Actress Sandra Bullock's approachable, big-screen appeal has made her one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood, with a reported net worth of $200 million. An entrepreneur is venturing into businesses ranging from bikes and cars to clothes and burgers, Jesse James shot to international fame after appearing on TV shows Motorcycle Mania and Monster Garage. Discover her outside projects, net worth and her life as a mother. The celebrated actress has had plenty of success throughout her career, so it comes as no surprise that Sandra Bullock 's net worth is an estimated $200. Her major source of income is from her profession i. #1 – Madonna Net Worth 2018 – $1 Billion. Sandra has featured in various films, and in each, she got a significant amount of money that has contributed to her enormous net worth. Now, he is in the news because he is dating Sandra Bullock. Sandra Bullock and her boyfriend made a rare public outing together on Wednesday night for the London premiere of her latest film, "Ocean's 8," in Leicester Square. 25 million. Due to her 30-year career as an actor and producer, Sandra has a net worth of $200 million, according to Celebrity Net Worth. We track celebrity net worths so you don't have to. Sandra Bullock ($200 million) Sandra was highly acclaimed for her excellent performance on The Blind Side, where she has portrayed her character with an uncanny and striking resemblance to the real person she wanted to imitate. Keanu Reeves Net Worth $350 Million. However, there is a dark side to this glorious fame that many stars have faced, including Sandra Bullock. The highest paid actress in 2007, Sandra Bullock has the huge net worth of $200 million. Jesse's parents, Larry and Carol James were sellers of antiques. Sandra Bullock and Her Kids Spend the Day at Disney with Boyfriend Bryan Randall this link is to an external site that may or may not meet accessibility guidelines. 'Ocean's 8' Cast: Sandra Bullock Net Worth, Rihanna Net Worth and More. We are going to show you what is the exact money worth Sandra Bullock. Dec 21, 2018 · 'Bird Box' is 'scary-ish': What critics say about Sandra Bullock's blindfolded Netflix drama.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As we have reported earlier, the huge retail chain, Target, was hit hard by hackers. Hackers stole millions of customers credit card information. In fact, the theft was so thorough that a lot of concern was raised regarding the eventual illegal usage of these credit cards. At the very least, many target customers were inconvenience by having to get their account replaced, are getting cards reissued and dealing with the general hassle of credit card paperwork. Be that as it may, enterprising lawyers have already filed suit to address the situation. As we have written earlier, the only real winner of such class action suit are, guess what, the lawyers themselves.
Regardless, the possibility of legal exposure and a huge class action settlement should be a wake up call for many large brick and mortar retailers and sales institutions to be more proactive in guarding the integrity of their data. Well, it turns out that the reason how the way these hackers got a hold of this sensitive credit data was through the use of malware. Apparently, malware was used on a point of sale terminals. This is going to be a very dramatic development in wholesale hacking. This revelation might give other hacking groups ideas as on how to compromise retail services data networks. Still, this practice is not exactly new. Payment card scheming has been around for several years, In fact, in 2012 Barnes & Noble discovered that sixty of their locations hackers used keypads to compromise their data. Expect hackers to be a bit more sophisticated in the future.


text:
Q: TCP number of connections differ from client to server How can this be ? netstat shows x 'established' connections from the client to y 'established' connections on the server. Situation stays like this  for 10 minutes, then x and y change, then another 10 minutes of stability and so on. Eventually x will equal y many many hours after the experiment has begun, but not the expected value anyway.
Should it matter, client side is a java program, server side is native code. Both ubuntu linuxes. Oh and needless to say, the experiment is a failure.

A: If one side closes the connection without signaling that it will be closing you will be left with a Half Open connection.
Intentionally closing only one side of the connection is the way old SYN Flood Denial of Service attacks where performed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Melkøya (nordsamiska: Muolkkut) är en ö i Hammerfests kommun i Troms og Finnmark fylke i Norge, strax nordväst om centralorten Hammerfest. På ön finns en anläggning för mottagning och processning av naturgas från Snøhvitfältet i Barents hav.

Melkøysundstunneln går under Melkøysundet mellan Meland på Kvaløya och Melkøya. Den är 2 316 m lång och går 62 meter under havsytan. Den färdigställdes 2003.

Naturgasanläggning

Snøhvitprojektet omfattar en gemensam utbyggnad av de tre gasfälten Snøhvit, Askeladd och Albatross. Utbyggnaden omfattar anläggningar på havsbotten med pipelines som leder gas och kondensat till LNG-anläggningen på Melkøya där gasen processas och kondenseras. Den flytande gasen transporteras med specialbyggda LNG-fartyg till globala mottagarterminaler som exempelvis Cove Point på USA:s östkust.

Snøhvit är världens första havsbottenanläggning där alla funktioner på fältet ska fjärrstyras från en landbaserad anläggning. Huvudledningen från Snøvitfältet till Melkøya var klar 2005, och är per 2006 världens längsta flerfasiga rörledning med 143 km.

Källor

Externa länkar

Öar i Troms og Finnmark
Hammerfests kommun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Chelsea have informed Real Madrid they will need to fork out almost £100 million to secure the signing of Eden Hazard this summer, according to reports in Belgium.
The winger has long been linked with a move to the La Liga giants and cryptically said earlier this year that he had already "made a decision" on his future, with his current Blues contract set to expire in June 2020.
Belgian outlet HLN reported on Monday that the Stamford Bridge club won't let their star player go for less than €115 million (£98.5 million), a price in line with what Juventus paid to take Cristiano Ronaldo to Turin from Madrid last summer.
Real Madrid are not believed to be willing to pay so much for a player with just one year left on his deal, but the Spanish club have time and the wishes of the player on their side, making a deal appear inevitable according to the report.
The 28-year-old, who joined Chelsea from Lille in the summer of 2012, has scored 13 goals in 29 Premier League games for Chelsea this season.
Earlier this month, fellow Blues Willian revealed that Hazard had never spoken about joining Madrid with any of his team-mates.
"First of all, I hope he stays with us. But in football you never know what can happen," said the Brazilian.


process. I am not finished until they are completely satisfied.
equally balance creativity and practicality.
– and then you'll have that house you always dreamed of.
almost a reality. Please allow me to get you there!
Will Roberts for the purpose of illustration.


Turn Based, The RPG Podcast 15: Will Cyberpunk 2077 Live Up To The CG Trailer?
On this week's Turn Based we are joined by Jennie Bharaj and Rameez Quadri. Due to the fact that David Jangneaux has an interview lined up with CD Projekt we spoke at length about their work thus far, and that got us discussing whether Cyberpunk 2077 will be as good as it looks in the teaser trailer. I'm sure it will.
We also revealed our secret project named Red Panda, in which we aim to create our very own vintage style turn based RPG. Be sure to listen to future episodes for updates.
Be sure to give us your feedback, and if you would like to be a guest of a future show feel free to contact me.


text:
Q: Getting Blank on Old Java GUI Tic-Tac-Toe Okay, so I wanted to learn GUI on Java, and on this book I used to have (It's 6 years old), I tried to copy a sample of their TicTacToe.java
Whether the statements used are a bit old, or I need to know some things before going out and trying these stuffs, I really couldn't figure out why nothing appears on the screen.
Here's my code (forgive the odd names and texts):
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.event.*;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class FranzTicTacToe extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
private Container c = getContentPane();
private JButton[][] gameBoard = new JButton[3][3];

private ImageIcon imageo = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\hftri\\Downloads\\tic.jpg");
private ImageIcon imagex = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\hftri\\Downloads\\tac.jpg");

private String turn = "Aloysius";
    boolean isGameOver = false;

    public void TicTacToe()
    {
        c = getContentPane();
        gameBoard = new JButton[3][3];
        imageo = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\hftri\\Downloads\\tic.jpg");
        imagex = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\hftri\\Downloads\\tac.jpg");
        isGameOver = false;
        c.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3));
        setTitle("Harambe");
        setBounds(250, 250, 300, 300);

        for(int column=0; column < 3; column++)
        {
            for(int row=0; row < 3; row++)
            {
                gameBoard[column][row] = new JButton();
                c.add(gameBoard[column][row]);
                gameBoard[column][row].addActionListener(this);
            }
        }
    }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
    {
        if(isGameOver)
            return;

        JButton pressedButton = (JButton)e.getSource();
        int pressedColumn = -1, pressedRow = -1;

        for(int column=0; column < 3; column++)
        {
            for(int row=0; row < 3; row++)
            {
                if(gameBoard[column][row] == pressedButton)
                {
                    pressedColumn = column;
                    pressedRow = row;
                }
            }
        }

        //Game START

        if(gameBoard[pressedColumn][pressedRow].getIcon() != null)
        {
            return;
        }

        if(turn.equals("Aloysius"))
        {
            gameBoard[pressedColumn][pressedRow].setIcon(imagex);
            turn = "Johpit";
        }

        else
        {
            gameBoard[pressedColumn][pressedRow].setIcon(imageo);
            turn = "Aloysius";
        }

        if(checkRow(pressedRow, imageo) || checkColumn(pressedColumn, imageo) || checkDiagonals(imageo))
        {
            isGameOver = true;
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(FranzTicTacToe.this, "Aloysius is skrub", "Result", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            turn = "Johpit";

            playAgain();
        }

        if(checkRow(pressedRow, imagex) || checkColumn(pressedColumn, imagex) || checkDiagonals(imagex))
        {
            isGameOver = true;
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(FranzTicTacToe.this, "Johpit is skrub", "Result", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
            turn = "Aloysius";

            playAgain();
        }

        if(!isGameOver)
        {
            boolean tie = true;

                for(int column=0; column < 3; column++)
                {
                    for(int row=0; row < 3; row++)
                    {
                        if(gameBoard[column][row].getIcon() == null)
                        {
                            tie = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if(tie)
                {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(FranzTicTacToe.this, "Both of you are fukin skrubs", "Result", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
                    isGameOver = true;

                    playAgain();
                }
            }

            if(!isGameOver)
            {
                setTitle(turn + "'s turn");
            }
        }
        boolean checkRow(int row, Icon player)
        {
            for(int column=0; column < 3; column++)
            {
                if(gameBoard[column][row].getIcon() != player)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        boolean checkColumn(int column, Icon player)
        {
            for(int row=0; row < 3; row++)
            {
                if(gameBoard[column][row].getIcon() != player)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        boolean checkDiagonals(Icon player)
        {
            if(gameBoard[1][1].getIcon() != player)
            return false;

            if(gameBoard[0][0].getIcon() == player && gameBoard[2][2].getIcon() == player)
            {
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        //Game Restarting Option

        void playAgain()
        {
            Object[] options = {"Yes", "No"};
            int n = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(FranzTicTacToe.this, "Pusta again?", "Query", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE, null, options, options[0]);

            if(n == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)
            {
                dispose();
                FranzTicTacToe game = new FranzTicTacToe();
                game.setVisible(true);
            }
            else
            {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }
        public static void main(String[] args)
        {
            FranzTicTacToe game = new FranzTicTacToe();
            game.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
            {
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
                {
                    System.exit(0);
                }
            });

            game.setVisible(true);
        }
    }

I made "Aloysius" a value for x and "Johpit" a value for o out of curiosity and fun.
Anyway, I'm new to GUI's in Java and I wanted to try this so that I could then learn each part of it slowly. All this code shows is a blank window. Any ideas?
Thank you :)

A: You are missing the constructor. Right now it uses the default constructor which essentially does nothing. It's probably a spelling error, but for the sake of understanding. If there is no constructor declared it will use the default constructor from Object class.
A constructor also needs to have the exact name as the class. So change your TicTacToe method to FranzTicTacToe constructor
 public void TicTacToe() // needs to be public FranzTicTacToe()
    {
        c = getContentPane();
        gameBoard = new JButton[3][3];
        imageo = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\hftri\\Downloads\\tic.jpg");
        imagex = new ImageIcon("C:\\Users\\hftri\\Downloads\\tac.jpg");
        isGameOver = false;
        c.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3));
        setTitle("Harambe");
        setBounds(250, 250, 300, 300);
    for(int column=0; column < 3; column++)
    {
        for(int row=0; row < 3; row++)
        {
            gameBoard[column][row] = new JButton();
            c.add(gameBoard[column][row]);
            gameBoard[column][row].addActionListener(this);
        }
    }
}

A: You renamed the class, but forgot to rename the constructor, then fixed it the wrong way. Long story short:
public void TicTacToe()

should be
public FranzTicTacToe()


There's nothing like consuming fresh fruit – attacking into a crisp sharp apple or a juicy, leaking watermelon piece, or a soft blurry peach. Fruit preferences great and also fruit is good for you, no doubt, however did you know that fruits have extremely various amounts of sugar in each of them? That sharp apple might have far more sugar than that fuzzy peach.
Coping with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is very important to be familiar with your total sugar intake. Usually speaking, entire fresh produce – including all fruits, is a terrific enhancement to most diabetic person meal strategies, but that doesn't suggest you ought to be consuming numbers of sugary bananas or bags of wonderful cherries on a daily basis.
so you have actually obtained no factor not to eat them on a regular basis. Information is accumulated by the USDA and mirrors the sugar content within a 100-gram serving of each fruit.
Avocado: less than 1 gram. Yes, the avocado is actually a fruit, not a vegetable! This buttery, creamy fruit has plenty of fiber and also healthy fats, and it's perfect for pleasant and tasty recipes. Cut 1/2 an avocado and also serve over eggs for a lean protein breakfast, or add a few slices to a corn tortilla taco. For treat, puree 1/2 an avocado with frozen fruits for a naturally pleasant shake.
Raspberries: 4.4 grams. Raspberries are the ideal sweet-tart berry. Include them to a whole grain cooking mix for wonderful cornbread, muffin, as well as cupcake recipes. Or include them to spinach and also leafy green salads, together with a sprinkling of almonds.
Blackberries: 4.5 grams. Blackberries are tart, juicy, and also full of flavor. They're great combined with yogurt, granola, or stirred right into cooked oat meal. Try a terrific covering for baked meats as well as fish: sauté a handful of blackberries with honey and olive oil, after that pour the sauce over your meat.
Strawberries: 4.7 grams. Strawberries need no intro. Serve them over cereal, spooned into yogurt, and also topped with homemade whipped cream for treat. Or gently mash a bowl of berries with balsamic vinegar, and leading with mascarpone cheese for a fancy, sugar-free dessert.
Cantaloupe: 7 grams. Like watermelon, cantaloupe is wonderful eaten whole. However, for a terrific appetizer or treat, offer tiny cubes with very finely sliced prosciutto and also a dropping of feta cheese.
The USDA suggests you consume 5 to 8 servings of fresh vegetables and fruits every day – which can appear like an overwhelming number. Realistically, a serving of fruit is concerning half-a-cup, so you can strike your everyday goal by adding a handful of berries to your yogurt, chopped strawberries to your grain, or a slice of watermelon with home cheese for dessert. It all adds up in a healthy, tasty way.
Type 2 diabetes is not a problem you must just deal with. By making basic adjustments to your day-to-day regimen, its possible to protect your heart, kidneys, eyes and also limbs from the damages typically caused by high blood sugar level and also eliminate many of the issues you may currently experience.


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For this month's e-newsletter, FORUM-ASIA talked to Hyun-Phil Na, Director of the Korean House for International Solidarity (KHIS). KHIS is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation based in Seoul, South Korea, whose mission is to advocate for human rights issues and democracy, mainly focused on the Asia Pacific region. KHIS has long been a member of FORUM-ASIA.
In this interview we asked him about his background, his motivation, inspiring moments and challenges. And had the opportunity to learn more about his beliefs as a human rights defender.
How did you become involved with the human rights movement?
When I was a university student, I was a student activist. Then, when I graduated, I did not have any specific plans to apply jobs. I did not have a clear idea what I wanted to do. So I choose Graduate School, choose to do a Master's course. I entered the Graduate School of International Studies.
My graduate school offered internship opportunities during vacation. All my classmates choose to join multinational corporations or public organisations, but I wanted to do an internship with a non-governmental organisation (NGO). So I searched the Internet for an international NGO in Korea, and that is how I found the Korean House for International Solidarity (KHIS). It was the only NGO in Korea that I could find with the word 'international' in its name.
When I joined KHIS as an intern, the activities of KHIS were linked to my student activism, focussing on labour rights. That is why I became even more interested in the activities of KHIS. From there I somehow grew and became full-time staff.
When you look back at yourself as a student activist and compare it to yourself now, have your motivations, when it comes to human rights, changed?
Now I am a full-time activist, but human rights are not my main focus. Still, when I meet with victims, I recognise and understand the importance of human rights. I learned that human rights, especially the UN Human Right Mechanism, are incredibly important.
I also want to say thank you to FORUM-ASIA. I participated in a training programme focussing on the UN Human Rights Mechanisms some time ago, the programme was organised by FORUM-ASIA. It changed how I look at international human rights mechanisms.
One of the areas of work of KHIS is to monitor Korean companies overseas. When I was a student activist, I just focused on labour class, at working class people, but now I see things differently. There are many people involved when it comes to such issues: Korean managers and owners; Korean staff; the normal citizen in Korea; and so on. They can all be both perpetrator and victim of violations. That is why it is important to listen to all stakeholders when it comes to any particular case.
What have been challenges you have had to face when it comes to your work?
Nowadays multinational companies are more difficult to deal with than Governments, I think. People associate Korean companies with patriotism, with being Korean. They make money on the trade, they even create jobs.
So when Korean NGOs criticise Korean companies, people question why. Why do Korean NGOs not protect Korean companies? Why do Korean NGOs argue for the rights of workers who are working in Korean factories somewhere far away?
I try to explain that human rights are universal. Every person has human rights. But many Korean people do not see it that way.
Now the Korean people have realised the so-called candle light revolution. We achieved some political democratisation. But we still have not realised our economic and social rights. Korean trade unions are still not legally allowed to hold strikes.
Korean citizens do not like to be called workers. The word 'workers' is considered very negative in Korean society. That is why the Korean human rights ombudsman for Korean companies overseas is not listened to, the Korean Government is not really concerned with this matter. Even now, the new Government recognises they are there, they are the result of the candle light demonstration, but they do not recognise the importance of these issues.
That is why on the one side we need to try to introduce the issue of business and human rights to the Korean public, including Korean Government officials themselves. Raise their awareness. And on the other side, we need to fight the Korean Government and Korean companies on these rights. It is a big challenge.
So what is something that has given you hope that there is the possibility for change?
Last September, the Korean Government had to report to the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR). According to the concluding observations of the CESCR Committee, the Korean Government should introduce legal obligation on overseas Korean companies, like setting up an Ombudsman on human rights to address existing problems.
The international trend is that there is change. Business and human rights is emerging as an important issue. So if Korea wants to remain a member of the UN and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Korean Government and Korean companies will have to follow this trend. So that is why the Korean Government now is listening to the voices of civil society, and trying to learn from experts and other international organisations.
So yes, I feel the atmosphere is changing. So we have hope, not much, but anyway. We can introduce some terminology to the Korean Government, concepts like due diligence, human rights impact assessment and that sort of things.
So as a final question, if you could meet student activists, or yourself so many years back, what advice would you give?
Learn English! Seriously, learn English.
I hope they will visit many places. The younger generation of Koreans visits many places, many tourist sites. So I hope that they when they visit these sites, they think about the lives of the people there. If they eat at a restaurant, that they notice if the people working there are very young. Not just because they are friendly or energetic, but that they recognise the human rights concerns, concerns of child labour maybe.
If they have the opportunity to visit other countries, they should develop a human rights consciousness and recognise how people are living in these places.


THE number of tourists visiting Wales fell by more than 1.2m in three years.
Figures showed that between 2006 and 2008 the number of holidaymakers dropped from 10.7m to 9.5m, a reduction of 11%.
Falling visits from the UK and overseas prompted calls for a revised marketing campaign to compete with rival destinations in England and Scotland.
Tory AMs claimed the Assembly Government was failing to market Wales properly at home or abroad.
But a Welsh Assembly Government spokesperson said the summers of 2007 and 2008 were among the wettest summers on record and visitor numbers had fallen across the UK.
Llandudno hotelier David Williams said: "It's definitely harder now for the industry to market itself and it's more difficult to run at a high rate of occupancy. That has been compounded in the last two years by the recession.
"We acknowledge more people have stayed in this country for breaks and not gone overseas, but many people have not been able to afford a holiday at all.
Chair of North Wales Tourism trade body Chris Jackson, who runs the Welsh Mountain Zoo in Colwyn Bay, said his visitor numbers did rise in 2009 due to the 'stay-cation' trend but other sectors like accommodation still struggled, especially with poor weather in July and August. Recent advertising campaigns by VisitWales had failed to attract the growing family market, he claimed.


text:
Culture, contagions & epic epidemics
Recent epidemics like Ebola and the Zika virus worried health officials and ordinary citizens alike. But they paled in comparison to some historical…
What epidemics tell us about society
The Zika and Ebola epidemics have caused concern around the world about how to fight the spread of these diseases. But the way experts approached these…


Can you explain to the simpler of your Customers (me) why http://www.xara.com/templates/happy-holidays/ is available for use through Xara Cloud and, by association, to the Desktop application users, yet you fail to update the Online Content Catalogue (OCC) with them?
If I use the OCC and search "Christmas", everything returned is Pixabay.
If the OCC is that onerous to update, will you please revert to uploading your content directly into the Local Designs gallery.
Why not spread a bit of Xmas Cheer?
Last edited by Acorn; 30 November 2018 at 05:24 PM.
You can always make a free account and download the templates to use in any of the desktop versions.
Rob, if someone chose to download all the Christmas cheer templates and then zipped then and presented on TG or hosted them elsewhere, would that be all right?
Obviously only users of the Xara Desktop applications would benefit and Xara Cloud users need not bother.
I had a quick chat with Kate and unfortunately she's not happy with content being zipped up and posted on TG.
I can't really add anymore. I don't know why they don't add it to the CC, I've this passed it on to the relevant parties.
Rob, thank you for asking; I expected this response.
In claiming this, I assume as Intellectual Property, Xara is ending up in an awkward place.
If in TG, I use a Xara template and create something to demonstrate a solution, a bug or an issue, for access by TGers, who owns what?
It is exactly the same problem I asked about as to whether Xara would allow a TGer supplying a Spiral in a design file to a Xara Desktop application user who was out of Update Service cover.
Sorry if this seems I am being awkward but it is important.
This isn't my area of expertise unfortunately.
The EULA specifies templates, graphics...... etc supplied with the software are not permitted to be distributed, so if you create a spiral or template yourself then it's free to do what you wish with it. As far as I'm aware XaraTemplates are created from scratch so up to them what they do with their templates (including selling them commercially).
As it comes to modified templates, I don't believe technically this is permitted as covered by the "in any form" clause, but again, not my area so don't take my word for it. That being said, we do ask for them anyway to view the problem and officially I guess this should be done in private PM's. At the same time, I don't think it would be enforced unless it became a problem.
I chose the Spiral as a test case as the code for its rendering is already embedded in the application and so is well protected by law.
A template that uses that code to produce another spiral (colour, alignment, size) is just an instantiation of the Spiral code akin to you typing a word or phrase in MS Word and providing it as an MS Word Template gratis.


Brave Boys Were They! contains the biographies of over four hundred Civil War veterans who lived in Kalkaska County, Michigan. More than two hundred veterans are interred in Kalkaska County Cemeteries, some in unmarked graves that are only now being marked with military headstones.
The book chronicles the events and the activities of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Women's Relief Corp that were active and vital part of the Kalkaska community from the 1880's through the 1930's. Newspaper accounts of the G.A.R. and transcribed minutes of the W.R.C. included in the book testify to the character of these brave men, and the women who supported them, during the nation's Civil War. The book is 429 pages & includes photos of known Civil War veteran's graves.
The author, Dawn Triplett, is a local Kalkaska resident & genealogist.


text:
HEARN TURNS 2012 FALL MODIFIED SEASON INTO HIS PERSONAL PLAYGROUND!
Posted on October 26, 2011 by 18arsenal28
Wins Syracuse, Sweeps Eastern States, and Captures the Televised Charlotte World Finals SUSSEX, NJ (November 10)……..Champion dirt track Modified driver Brett Hearn has always had the reputation as a big race winner. But in 2012 he outdid himself, winning the Mr. DIRT Track USA 100 (Lebanon Valley Speedway), the King of the Catskills 100 (Accord …Continue Reading
TEO FABRICATIONS "GET SMART, GET QUICK" ADVANCED CHASSIS SEMINAR FEATURED ARTICLE IN JULY '12 SPEEDWAY ILLUSTRATED
VERNON, NJ July 6)……..With brother Brett Hearn's Teo Pro Car dirt track Modified on the cover, the July 2012 issue of Speedway Illustrated magazine feature article is an in-depth look at the annual Teo Fabrications "Get Smart, Get Quick" Advance Chassis Seminar. Titled "Prep School," the seven-page article by veteran writer/photographer Bruce Bennett delves into …Continue Reading
Champion Racing Oil Teams up with Brett Hearn for 2012 Super DIRTcar Nationals
Champion Racing Oil announced today teaming up with Brett Hearn, who has over 800 career wins including 72 Track and Series Championships, as lubricant sponsor for the 2012 Super DIRTcar Nationals in Volusia, Florida. This year's season for Brett Hearn, 53, starts at the Super DIRTcar Series Big-Block Modified portion of the DIRTcar Nationals Presented …Continue Reading
Hearn Relishes Florida Big-Block Racing to Kick Start 2012 Season
Super DIRTcar star eager for UNOH DIRTcar Nationals Presented by Summit BARBERVILLE, Fla. – Jan. 31, 2012 – There's no place Brett Hearn would rather be during the month of February than the Sunshine State. "Oh, yeah, I always look forward to Florida in February," said Sussex, N.J.'s Hearn, who will migrate south for the …Continue Reading
HEARN ENDS THE 2011 RACING SEASON ON A HIGH NOTE
Wins Two Races In One Day At Hagerstown Speedway SUSSEX, NJ (November 19)……..Following a rash of late season mechanical woes which kept him from the Winner's Circle, Brett Hearn closed out his 2011 Modified racing campaign with a pair of extra-distance wins at Hagerstown (Maryland) Speedway. On Sunday, November 13, Hearn, from Sussex, New Jersey, …Continue Reading


text:
blogdemosdocs
why ohyay was a natural selection for this evolutionary science conference.
The Human Behavior and Evolution Society hosted an 8-day virtual conference with dozens of talks from researchers around the world, breakout sessions on a range of topics, and poster sessions — attracting over 500 guests.
Aletta Hiemstra
What do rock painting, Darwin's finches, and a spatial cognitive challenge have in common? They were all themed ohyay rooms at the 32nd annual meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society (HBES), a global gathering of social and evolutionary scientists. Coren Apicella, a UPenn professor and co-producer of the conference, aimed to create a virtual venue where HBES could actively engage in their latest research.
"It's within this context that discoveries happen. Ohyay was a natural selection for us (no pun intended) because it is interactive, engaging, and affords the same flexibility as in-person conferences," she said.
An interactive spatial cognition challenge.
Throughout the week-long conference, called "Virtually Everywhere," Coren and co-hosts Chris von Rueden and Nicole Barbaro fostered meaningful networking and relationship building between guests, many of whom had never met before. Veering off from traditional scientific conferences, they injected fun and humor into 35 different social rooms. In the "Family Room," for example, guests popped into primate heads along a family tree and listened to "We Are Family" blasting in the background. Other popular rooms included "Natural Sea-lection," "Inbread Room," and "Darwin's Garden Karaoke." "It was fun to see strangers bond over the custom rooms and pick up ohyay so easily," said Coren.
A family tree room where guests popped into primate heads, listening to "We Are Family."
"Inbread" social room —" incest isn't a taboo in the animal kingdom?"
Beyond the fun and games, HBES was a highly attended and successful virtual event — with dozens of talks from researchers around the world, breakout sessions on a range of topics, and poster sessions. "So many audience members came back every day and it really felt as though the conference was meeting their research and career goals," said Coren.
"When you host an event on ohyay, your guests aren't just joining another virtual call. They're entering a world that you've designed for them and they're leaving with closer connections."
Keynote address by Richard Wrangham, complete with Wrangham reaction emojis.
One of dozens of poster rooms.
Explore the HBES ohyay space here and find all of the talks from the event here.
Get started with ohyay – it's free!
Community & Communications at ohyay
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text:
Military installations along the route of the Overland Mail Company, from east to west, during the period in which the route was being run: Fort Smith, Arkansas – 1817-1871 Fort Washita, near Colbert's Ferry, Indian Territory – 1843-1858 Fort Belknap, Texas – 1851-1859 Camp Cooper, Texas, near Fort Griffin – 1856-1861 Fort Phantom Hill, Texas … More Forts on and near the Route
Leave a comment Forts on and near the Route
Divisions and Stations of the Route
East to West Ninth Division — St. Louis, Mo., to Tipton Eighth Division — Tipton to Fort Smith, Ark., and Memphis, Tenn., to Fort Smith Seventh Division — Fort Smith to Colbert's Ferry, Okla. Sixth Division — Colbert's Ferry to Fort Chadbourne, Texas Fifth Division — Fort Chadbourne to Franklin (El Paso), Texas Fourth Division … More Divisions and Stations of the Route
2 Comments Divisions and Stations of the Route
Stagecoach service from St. Louis to San Francisco
The Butterfield Overland Mail Co. operated from 1858 to 1861 under contract with the U.S. Postal Department, providing transportation of U.S. mail between St. Louis, Mo., and San Francisco, Calif. The route proposed by the Butterfield Mail Co. became known as the "Oxbow Route" because of its shape on a map, starting in St. Louis … More Stagecoach service from St. Louis to San Francisco
1 Comment Stagecoach service from St. Louis to San Francisco


Christine Gabrielle, 15, had been acting for years when she learned about the University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music Preparatory Department, or CCM Prep. Living in California, she had worked in film, television and commercials, but she still wanted to learn more.
A family friend told her about the CCM Prep summer apprentice program, which would allow her to work with kids at their summer camps and then use that time toward camps that would advance her own learning. When she started the program, she quickly fell in love.
"We did sword fighting and we did stage combat! I was like, 'I love this.' At the end of the two weeks of the program, I got to perform live in front of an audience… I can't describe the feeling, but it was awesome," she says.
Gabrielle enjoyed the summer camps so much that she enrolled in CCM Prep's acting certificate program. While Gabrielle has taken acting classes before, what she's been able to receive at CCM is something different.
CCM Prep's approach, on the other hand, focuses on the process of learning instead of the performance itself.
It's this focus on learning that separates CCM Prep from other dance or acting classes in the area.
CCM Prep offers a variety of levels for each program, allowing students to move up as they master one.
For Dennison, providing these learning opportunities for students like Gabrielle is just part of CCM Prep's goal.
"We always keep in mind that we welcome any ability as long as we have space for them and a program they're interested in," she says.