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Effect of a multimorbidity intervention on health care utilization and costs in Ontario: randomized controlled trial and propensity-matched analyses
Bridget L. Ryan, Luke Mondor, Walter P. Wodchis, Richard H. Glazier, Leslie Meredith, Martin Fortin and Moira Stewart
Bridget L. Ryan
Centre for Studies in Family Medicine and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Ryan), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.; Health System Performance Network (Mondor); ICES (Mondor, Wodchis); Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners (Wodchis), Mississauga, Ont.; Health System Performance Network and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Wodchis), University of Toronto; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Glazier), University of Toronto, Toronto Ont.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine (Meredith), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine (Fortin), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre for Studies in Family Medicine (Stewart), Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.
Luke Mondor
Walter P. Wodchis
Richard H. Glazier
Leslie Meredith
Martin Fortin
Moira Stewart
Background: Patients with multimorbidity require coordinated and patient-centred care. Telemedicine IMPACT Plus provides such care for complex patients in Toronto, Ontario. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing health care utilization and costs at 1-year postintervention for an intervention group and 2 control groups (RCT and propensity matched).
Methods: Data for 82 RCT intervention and 74 RCT control participants were linked with health administrative data. We created a second control group using health administrative data–derived propensity scores to match (1:5) intervention participants with comparators. We evaluated 5 outcomes: acute hospital admissions, emergency department visits, costs of all insured health care, 30-day hospital readmissions and 7-day family physician follow-up after hospital discharge using generalized linear models for RCT controls and generalized estimating equations for propensity-matched controls.
Results: There were no significant differences between intervention participants and either control group. For hospital admissions, emergency department visits, costs and readmissions, the relative differences ranged from 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–2.60) to 1.67 (95% CI 0.82–3.38) with intervention costs at about Can$20 000, RCT controls costs at around Can$15 000 and propensity controls costs at around Can$17 000. There was a higher rate of follow-up with a family physician for the intervention participants compared with the RCT controls (53.13 v. 21.43 per 100 hospital discharges; relative difference 2.48 [95% CI 0.98–6.29]) and propensity-matched controls (49.94 v. 28.21 per 100 hospital discharges; relative difference 1.81 [95% CI 0.99–3.30]).
Interpretation: Despite a complex patient-centred intervention, there was no significant improvement in health care utilization or cost. Future research requires larger sample sizes and should include outcomes important to patients and the health care system, and longer follow-up periods.
Ontario ClinicalTrials.gov: 104191
Multimorbidity is common1,2 and is associated with a burden on patients and the health care system.3 Care for patients with multimorbidity must consider the incremental challenges that multiple chronic conditions confer upon patients over and above the burden conferred by each individual condition.2,3 As such, patients with multimorbidity require care coordinated by teams of providers and care that attends to them as a whole person, not as a sum of their diseases.3–5 Although interventions aimed at improving health care, including for complex patients, have been mounted in Ontario, few have been evaluated.6 Further, interventions specifically targeted for patients with multimorbidity worldwide have had mixed results;7–12 only 211,12 have examined the effect of interventions on health care utilization.
We report the effect on health services outcomes for patients enrolled in the Ontario arm of a clinical trial called Patient-centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity (PACE in MM).13 The first objective was to compare health care utilization and costs between intervention and control patients before and after the intervention. Anticipating a small sample size for a community-based complex intervention, the decision was made a priori13 to include a second objective where health care utilization and costs for intervention patients were examined relative to propensity-matched controls derived from health administrative data.
With values of coordinated team-based and patient-centred care as pillars, the PACE in MM project conducted 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of primary care delivery for people with multimorbidity — 1 in Quebec and 1 in Ontario.13 In Ontario, the patient-reported outcomes were as follows: the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ), Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease scale (SEM-CD), Veteran's Rand 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), the EuroQol 5 Dimension quality of life measure (EQ-5D), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the health behaviour survey.14 The effects of the intervention on these patient-reported health outcomes14,15 are reported elsewhere.
The Ontario intervention took place in the highly diverse neighbourhoods of central and east Toronto from 2016 to 2017. Nine team-based family practices, along with solo practices and emergency departments affiliated with those teams, provided care for complex patients with high health care utilization through Telemedicine IMPACT Plus, hereafter referred to as the intervention.16 The intervention consisted of a meeting between the patient and a nurse, where the patient's goals for care were elaborated. There was also a subsequent case conference of about 6 providers relevant to the patient's needs, including the patient and a family physician known to the patient.14 Patients aged 18 to 80 years were the target population and had to have 3 or more chronic conditions and be referred by their provider to receive the intervention. Patients were excluded if they had cognitive impairment, were illiterate or had previously received the intervention. For this current analysis, the follow-up period was 1 year postintervention. Further details of the Ontario RCT can be found in Appendix 1, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1 and Appendix 2, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1.
The data for participant information for the PACE in MM Ontario RCT were gathered from patient questionnaires completed through a telephone interview by a research assistant upon patient enrolment in the study. The research assistant was unaware of the participants' RCT assignment during interviews. Questionnaire data were transferred from paper, then verified by another research assistant and stored in the study database. The questionnaire asked participants about their chronic condition history, coordination of health care, patient-centredness, patient-reported outcomes (heiQ, SEM-CD, VR-12, EQ-5D, K6, and health behaviours), costs of uninsured health care and demographic characteristics. Variables relevant to the health administrative analysis were age, sex, education, household income, marital status, employment and a list of patients' chronic conditions. These variables were stored in the PACE in MM Ontario RCT database (hereafter referred to as the PACE database) along with participants' assigned index dates, RCT assignments (intervention or control) and Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) numbers.
Health administrative data were obtained through ICES (Toronto). ICES is an independent, nonprofit research institute whose legal status under Ontario's health information privacy law allows it to collect and analyze health care and demographic data, without consent, for health system evaluation and improvement. In January 2020, the PACE database was transferred to ICES (Toronto). Data from the PACE database and ICES health administrative databases were linked using unique encoded identifiers (derived from OHIP numbers) and analyzed at ICES. Appendix 3, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1, describes the health administrative data sets used in analyses.
Overall methods and outcome measures
We conducted 2 analyses. The first analysis compared intervention participants to RCT control patients (hereafter called RCT analysis). The second compared intervention participants to propensity-matched controls identified in health administrative data (hereafter called propensity-matched analysis). A priori, we expected the sample size for the RCT to be modest and therefore included a 5:1 propensity-matched analysis to increase power.13 This process created an analytical sample in which measured confounding factors were balanced between intervention arms. Below, the 2 analyses are described separately. All analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute).
For both analyses, 5 outcomes were obtained from health administrative data from the 1-year postindex date: acute hospital admissions, emergency department visits, costs (total included all health care expenditures that had been allocated to patient encounters for insured health care), 30-day hospital readmissions for patients who had at least 1 hospital admission and 7-day follow-up with a family physician after hospital discharge for patients who had at least 1 hospital admission. Appendix 4, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1 provides definitions for each outcome, including data sources used. Measures were chosen a priori to show important markers for PACE in MM success.13 Minor adjustments from protocol were made to some outcome definitions to align with measures available in health administrative data.
For the RCT analysis, there were 86 intervention participants and 77 control participants.14 Participants were included if they were successfully linked to health administrative databases (Appendix 1).
For the propensity-matched analysis, participants from the PACE intervention group were included in this analysis if they were successfully linked to health administrative databases. The index date used for intervention participants was the date they received the intervention.
To create a pool of eligible comparators, we assigned all Ontarians in the Registered Persons Database a pseudo-index date. This date was based on the quarterly distribution of all index dates for only the intervention participants in the PACE database. From this pool, we excluded people who did not have a physician encounter recorded in OHIP 1 year before their pseudo-index date, were in hospital at pseudo-index date, were enrolled in Family Health Teams that participated in PACE in MM, were a rural resident or resided outside of the forward sortation areas (i.e., first 3 digits of a postal code) of PACE participants, were missing income or rurality data, were a resident of a long-term care facility before pseudo-index or died within 1 year of pseudo-index (Figure 1 describes the propensity-matched study hierarchy).
Propensity-matched analysis study hierarchy. Note: FHT = Family Health Team, FSA = forward sortation area, OHIP = Ontario Health Insurance Plan, PACE in MM = Patient-centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity, RPDB = Registered Persons Database, SD = standard deviation.
Covariates
For the RCT analysis, covariates were obtained from the PACE database: age, sex, education, household income, marital status, employment and a list of the patient's chronic conditions; a variable was created for the number of chronic conditions. Covariates were used to describe and compare intervention and control groups.
For the propensity-matched analysis (for intervention participants and for the comparator pool population from which we drew the propensity-matched controls), we defined covariates — at index or pseudo-index date, respectively — including age, sex, rurality (defined using the Rurality Index of Ontario17) and neighbourhood-level income quintile. The history of 17 conditions were defined based on retrospective data from ICES databases as described in Appendix 5, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1. The 17 conditions represent a subset of the most substantial conditions from a population perspective; these have been used extensively for multimorbidity research in Ontario.1,18–23 In addition, we identified the number of urgent hospital admissions (Discharge Abstract Database), emergency department visits (National Ambulatory Care Reporting System), visits to family physicians and specialists (OHIP) and total costs24 incurred across the health care system. These utilization variables were derived for the 1 year before index or pseudo-index as well as quarterly, leading to index or pseudo-index.
To create the propensity-matched cohort, people in the comparator pool were matched 5-to-1 to people in the intervention group using propensity score methods without replacement. Propensity scores were derived from logistic regression modelling the probability of enrolment in the intervention as a function of variables relevant to patients with multimorbidity including age (modelled as a restricted cubic spline), sex, income quintile, rurality, history of 17 chronic conditions and quarterly counts of health care utilization including urgent admissions, emergency department visits, visits to family physicians and specialists and total costs. Utilization variables were transformed using a square-root function before modelling. We created a propensity-score–matched cohort using the nearest-neighbour greedy algorithm to match 3 to 5 comparators for every person in the intervention group.25 People were matched by sex (hard match), the logit of the propensity score (within 0.20 standard deviations [SD]),26 age (hard match within 2 yr), index or pseudo-index date (within 90 d) and total costs in the year before index or pseudo-index (hard match within 3 SD in overall population). To assess quality of the match, we used standardized differences, weighted for many-to-1 matching,27 to compare baseline characteristics of the intervention group and comparators. A standardized difference of less than 0.10 is indicative of good balance between groups.28
The effects of the intervention on acute hospital admissions and emergency department visits were estimated using a negative binomial distribution, log link function and log of persontime offset term. Costs were modelled using a γ distribution, log link function and log of person-time offset. In addition, for these 3 outcomes we conducted a sensitivity analysis disregarding person-time contribution (i.e., no offset was used). For 30-day hospital readmissions and 7-day follow-up with a family physician, data were modelled using a Poisson distribution and a log link function with number of index discharges as the offset term (i.e., people without a hospital discharge were excluded from the analyses). For these 2 outcomes, estimated values were presented as a rate per 100 discharges.
For the RCT analysis, differences in health care utilization 1 year after index dates for PACE intervention group compared with the control group (control used as reference group) were estimated using univariate regression with generalized linear model including a single covariate for RCT assignment (intervention or control).
For the propensity-matched analysis, differences in health care utilization in the year before and after index or pseudo-index for the PACE intervention group compared with the propensity-score-matched controls were estimated using generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data. Each model included a binary covariate for treatment group, a binary variable for time (pre- or postindex or pseudo-index) and the 2-way interaction between treatment and time. This latter term is the ratio of 2 ratios; that is, the risk ratios for the post compared with the pre differences for the intervention group and control group. We have termed this a relative difference, which represents the ratio of the relative changes in the outcomes post-compared with pre-intervention. An exchangeable correlation structure was used to account for correlation between records. The parallel trends of quarterly data were checked visually to ensure model assumptions were valid.
The Western University Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (106921) approved this study.
A total of 82 of 86 (95.3%) participants from the PACE intervention group and 74 of 77 (96.1%) from the control group were successfully linked to health administrative data. It was not possible to link 7 participants as the unique encoded identifiers required to link were invalid; therefore, these 7 participants had to be excluded from the analysis. Table 1 reports the baseline characteristics. Three control group participants died in the 1-year follow-up period.
Randomized controlled trial analysis: baseline characteristics
Table 2 reports the results of the generalized linear model analysis comparing health care utilization and costs at the 1-year postindex date between the intervention and control participants. There were no significant differences for any of the outcomes of acute hospital admissions, emergency department visits, costs, 30-day hospital readmissions and 7-day follow-up with a family physician. For 7-day follow-up with a family physician, intervention participants had 2.48 times the follow-up compared with control participants (p = 0.06). Appendix 6a, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1, provides the observed values for these outcomes.
Randomized controlled trial analysis: results for outcomes 1-year postindex date through generalized estimating equations
Propensity-matched analysis
A total of 82 participants from the PACE intervention group were successfully matched to health administrative data. The mean age at index for this group was 62 (SD 14) years and nearly two-thirds were women (65%). People from the lowest (29%) and highest (24%) area-based income quintiles were overrepresented in the data. On average, people in the PACE intervention group had a history of 5.4 (SD 2.4) out of 17 conditions. The most common diagnoses were osteoarthritis (78% of participants), mood and anxiety disorders (78%), hypertension (61%) and cancer (59%). In the year before intervention, the PACE group had on average 9.5 family physician visits (SD 9.9), 12.0 specialist visits (SD 15.3), 0.4 urgent hospital admissions (SD 0.9), 1.3 emergency department visits (SD 2.7) and incurred Can$19 900 in health care costs (SD $27 900). Appendix 6b, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E45/suppl/DC1, provides the observed values for these outcomes.
In propensity-score matching, we matched the 82 intervention participants to 401 comparators. Seventy-nine intervention participants were matched to 5 comparators; 3 were matched to only 2 comparators. Baseline covariates were balanced between matched groups (Table 3) with the exception of family physician visits in the quarter before index or pseudo-index (standardized difference = 0.126) and specialist visits in the second quarter nearest to index or pseudo-index (standardized difference = 0.191, data not shown).
Propensity-matched analysis: comparison of characteristics of intervention and comparator groups before and after matching
Table 4 reports the relative differences between intervention participants and controls. Across the 5 outcomes, there were no significant differences. This suggests that the change in utilization or costs before compared with after index for the PACE intervention group was no different than the matched comparator group. Plots of crude quarterly data validated the parallel trend assumption required for the analysis (not shown).
Propensity-matched analysis: results for outcomes 1-year postindex date relative differences
We report the analysis of 5 hospital-based and cost outcomes for an RCT that provided patient-centred care for people with multimorbidity. The RCT and the propensity-matched analyses found no significant postindex differences in health care utilization or costs between intervention and control participants. For one outcome (7-d follow-up with a family physician), intervention participants had 2.48 times (RCT analysis) and 1.8 times (propensity-matched analysis) the follow-up compared with control participants, but in both analyses, 95% confidence intervals included the null value. The difference found in this study can suggest clinical and policy importance and provide hypothesis generation for future studies.
The RCT findings from this health administrative analysis (RCT and propensity-matched comparisons) are congruent with findings on patient-reported outcomes at 4 months in the Ontario arm of the PACE in MM RCT.14 Results are also consistent with similar interventions.11,12 Another propensity-matched study of a community intervention called Health Links for people with multiple chronic conditions in Ontario found no effect on acute hospital admissions, readmissions or timely follow-up with primary care providers 7 days after hospital discharge.11 This study included components similar to those in the PACE in MM RCT, such as intensive care coordination, multidisciplinary care and a patient-centred coordinated care plan outlining the patient's needs, goals, providers, treatments and appointments.11 Our results regarding the hospital admission outcome also correspond with the findings of Salisbury and colleagues,12 who reported no difference in 15-month hospital admissions between intervention and control patients in a patient-centred RCT for management of multimorbidity. We identified other studies that tested complex interventions for people with multimorbidity, but these did not have health care utilization outcomes.7–10
We conducted a pragmatic trial in which the providers, rather than the researchers, were responsible for identifying eligible patients and then recruiting them into the trial; therefore, our sample size was based on the numbers our sites were able to recruit. However, we recruited until we reached the minimum sample size to detect a difference in the means of our primary outcome, which was a total sample size of 128, not including dropouts, as described in Stewart and colleagues.14
Regarding the outcomes of 30-day hospital readmissions and 7-day follow-up with a family physician for patients who had at least 1 hospital admission, the comparison group is no longer equivalent to the intervention group, as we restricted the analysis to those who had a hospital admission, which happened postrandomization.
In the propensity-matched analysis, for propensity-matched controls, it was not possible to match for every baseline characteristic collected in the questionnaires as these individual-level characteristics were not available in the health administrative data and therefore could not be included. We cannot rule out the possibility of unmeasured confounding owing to the unavailability of variables such as lifestyle behaviours. In addition, the propensity-matched controls would not have been subject to any placebo effects that might have occurred within the RCT. We excluded participants who died within 1 year of the pseudo-index date, which was not a criterion applied in the RCT; therefore, the controls could have been healthier than the intervention participants. However, we excluded 4292 people who died within 1 year of the pseudo-index date (0.465% of the population), leaving a pool of 919 027 for the propensity match. From the 4292, only a small number would have been accepted into the analysis; therefore, it is unlikely that the exclusion of the 4292 would have biased the results. No participants in the intervention group died in the 1 year after the intervention.
For the propensity-matched analysis, there could have been regression to the mean, in that participants were selected for high complexity, and then could have reverted to their long-term average over the 1 year postintervention. However, we attempted to mitigate this concern, by aiming to ensure equivalence in risk of regression to mean by including prior utilization patterns in the propensity matching process.
The majority of the control group in this RCT received usual care within a primary care team-based model. Usual care may have had similarities to the team-based care provided in the intervention which may affect health care utilization.
Our outcomes were limited to hospital care and direct costs of health care services, outcomes relevant to policymakers. The intervention may confer benefits aligned with outcomes that are situated in primary care, such as continuity of care or that consider patient preferences such as improved function, but not confer benefits aligned with health care utilization and costs. Our follow-up period of 1 year may not have been sufficiently long to see benefits from this complex intervention.
The results of this study add to the body of evidence that improving health for people with multimorbidity continues to challenge us.12,14,15 Despite a complex patient-centred intervention, there was no significant improvement in health care utilization or cost outcomes for patients who received the PACE in MM intervention. Future research requires larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, recruitment of patients from family physicians in non-team-based practice models and the incorporation of a wider range of outcomes important to patients and the health care system.
The authors acknowledge the contributions of the entire Patient-Centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity (PACE in MM) team, some of whom are authors of this article. They acknowledge team members Jocelyn Charles, Pauline Pariser and Thuy-Nga Pham for their contributions to the design and delivery of the Telemedicine IMPACT Plus program. The authors thank IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc. for use of its drug information file.
Competing interests: Bridget Ryan was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Transformative Community-based Primary Health Care Innovation Team, Patient-centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity (2014–2018). Walter Wodchis is supported as a Research Chair in Implementation and Evaluation Science by Trillium Health Partners (2017–). Richard Glazier is supported as a Clinician Scientist in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at St. Michael's Hospital and at the University of Toronto. Moira Stewart was funded by the Dr. Brian W. Gilbert Canada Research Chair (Tier 1) in Primary Health Care Research (2003–2017). No other competing interests were declared.
Contributors: Moira Stewart and Martin Fortin conceived the study. Bridget Ryan was responsible for the analytic plan for this reported analysis with all authors contributing to the plan. Luke Mondor was responsible for data preparation and conducting the statistical analysis. All authors interpreted the data. Bridget Ryan drafted the manuscript and all authors revised it critically for important intellectual content, gave final approval of the version to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Funding: The Patient-Centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity team was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Transformative Community-based Primary Healthcare Signature Initiative. This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Long-Term Care. Parts of this material are based on data and information compiled and provided by the Canadian Institute for Health Information and IMS Brogan. The analyses, conclusions, opinions and statements expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the funding or data sources; no endorsement is intended or should be inferred.
Data sharing: The data set from this study is held securely in coded form at ICES. Although data sharing agreements prohibit ICES from making the data set publicly available, access may be granted to those who meet prespecified criteria for confidential access, available at https://www.ices.on.ca/DAS. The full data set creation plan and underlying analytic code are available from the authors on request, understanding that the computer programs may rely on coding templates or macros that are unique to ICES and are therefore either inaccessible or may require modification.
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original publication is properly cited, the use is noncommercial (i.e., research or educational use) and no modifications or adaptations are made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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You are going to email the following Effect of a multimorbidity intervention on health care utilization and costs in Ontario: randomized controlled trial and propensity-matched analyses
Bridget L. Ryan, Luke Mondor, Walter P. Wodchis, Richard H. Glazier, Leslie Meredith, Martin Fortin, Moira Stewart
Family Medicine, General Practice, Primary Care
Other family medicine


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// Simulation globals
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extern bool bDebugWireframeMode;

// Actor globals
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// Focus actor
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class PatchLink
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public:
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PatchLink** patchLinks = NULL;

void PrintControls()
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	if (bDebugWireframeMode)
	{
		if (gScene)  gDebugRenderer.renderData(*gScene->getDebugRenderable());
	}
}

void RenderCallback()
{
    // Clear buffers
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	ProcessCameraKeys();
	SetupCamera();

    if (gScene && !bPause)
	{
		GetPhysicsResults();
        ProcessInputs();
		StartPhysics();
	}

    // Display scene
 	RenderActors(bShadows);

	if (bForceMode)
		DrawForce(gSelectedActor, gForceVec, NxVec3(1,1,0));
	else
		DrawForce(gSelectedActor, gForceVec, NxVec3(0,1,1));
	gForceVec = NxVec3(0,0,0);

	// Render HUD
	hud.Render();

    glFlush();
    glutSwapBuffers();
}

void SpecialKeys(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
}

NxActor* CreatePatch(const NxVec3& pos, const NxVec3& patchDim, const NxReal density)
{
	NxActorDesc actorDesc;
	NxBodyDesc bodyDesc;

	// The actor has one shape, a box
	NxBoxShapeDesc boxDesc;
	boxDesc.dimensions.set(patchDim.x,patchDim.y,patchDim.z);
	actorDesc.shapes.pushBack(&boxDesc);

	if (density)
	{
		actorDesc.body = &bodyDesc;
		actorDesc.density = density;
	}
	else
	{
		actorDesc.body = NULL;
	}
	actorDesc.globalPose.t = pos;
	return gScene->createActor(actorDesc);
}

void CreateMattress(const NxVec3& pos, const int width, const int height, const NxVec3& patchDim)
{
	NxI32 i, j;

	patches = new NxActor*[width*height];
	NxActor** patchPtr = patches;

	NxVec3 mattressOffset = pos + NxVec3(-width * patchDim.x, patchDim.y, -height * patchDim.z);

	for (j = 0; j < height; j++)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < width; i++)
		{
			NxVec3 patchPos;
			patchPos.x = i * 2 * patchDim.x;
			patchPos.y = patchDim.y;
			patchPos.z = j * 2 * patchDim.z;
			patchPos += mattressOffset;
			*patchPtr = CreatePatch(patchPos, patchDim, 10);
//			NxShape **patchShapes = (*patchPtr)->getShapes();
//			patchShapes[0]->setGroup(1);
//			gPhysicsSDK->setGroupCollisionFlag(1,1,false);
			patchPtr++;
		}
	}

	// Create Patch Links
	patchLinks = new PatchLink*[width*height];
	PatchLink** patchLinkPtr = patchLinks;

	for (j = 0; j < height; j++)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < width; i++)
		{
			NxVec3 patchPos;
			patchPos.x = i * 2 * patchDim.x;
			patchPos.y = patchDim.y;
			patchPos.z = j * 2 * patchDim.z;
			patchPos += mattressOffset;
			*patchLinkPtr = new PatchLink;
			(*patchLinkPtr)->xJoint = NULL;
			(*patchLinkPtr)->zJoint = NULL;
			// Hoizontal Spring
			if (i < width - 1)
			{
				NxActor* patch1 = patches[i + j*width];
				NxActor* patch2 = patches[i + j*width + 1];
				NxVec3 xJointPos = patchPos + NxVec3(patchDim.x,0,0);
				(*patchLinkPtr)->xJoint = CreateClothSphericalJoint(patch1, patch2, xJointPos, NxVec3(0,1,0) );

				patch1->wakeUp(1e10);
				patch2->wakeUp(1e10);
			}
			// Vertical Spring
			if (j < height - 1)
			{
				NxActor* patch1 = patches[i + j*width];
				NxActor* patch2 = patches[i + (j+1)*width];
				NxVec3 zJointPos = patchPos + NxVec3(0,0,patchDim.z);
				(*patchLinkPtr)->zJoint = CreateClothSphericalJoint(patch1, patch2, zJointPos, NxVec3(0,1,0) );

				patch1->wakeUp(1e10);
				patch2->wakeUp(1e10);
			}
			patchLinkPtr++;
		}
	}

//	patches[width*(height-1)]->raiseBodyFlag(NX_BF_KINEMATIC);
//	patches[width*height - 1]->raiseBodyFlag(NX_BF_KINEMATIC);
}

void InitNx()
{
    // Create the physics SDK
    gPhysicsSDK = NxCreatePhysicsSDK(NX_PHYSICS_SDK_VERSION);
    if (!gPhysicsSDK)  return;

	// Set the physics parameters
	gPhysicsSDK->setParameter(NX_SKIN_WIDTH, 0.01);

	// Set the debug visualization parameters
	gPhysicsSDK->setParameter(NX_VISUALIZATION_SCALE, 2);
	gPhysicsSDK->setParameter(NX_VISUALIZE_COLLISION_SHAPES, 1);
	gPhysicsSDK->setParameter(NX_VISUALIZE_ACTOR_AXES, 1);
	gPhysicsSDK->setParameter(NX_VISUALIZE_JOINT_LIMITS, 1);

    // Create the scene
    NxSceneDesc sceneDesc;
    sceneDesc.gravity               = gDefaultGravity;
    sceneDesc.simType				= NX_SIMULATION_HW;
    gScene = gPhysicsSDK->createScene(sceneDesc);
	if(!gScene){
		sceneDesc.simType				= NX_SIMULATION_SW;
		gScene = gPhysicsSDK->createScene(sceneDesc);
		if(!gScene) return;
	}

	// Create the default material
	NxMaterial* defaultMaterial = gScene->getMaterialFromIndex(0);
	defaultMaterial->setRestitution(0.5);
	defaultMaterial->setStaticFriction(0.5);
	defaultMaterial->setDynamicFriction(0.5);

	// Create the objects in the scene
	CreateGroundPlane();

	CreateMattress(NxVec3(0,30,0), 16, 16, NxVec3(1,0.2,1));
//	CreateMattress(NxVec3(0,30,0), 20, 20, NxVec3(1,0.2,1));

	gSelectedActor = *patches;
    gCameraPos = NxVec3(0,15,-50);
	gCameraSpeed = 20;
	gForceStrength = 5000000;
	bPause = true;

	// Initialize HUD
	InitializeHUD();

	// Get the current time
	getElapsedTime();

	// Start the first frame of the simulation
	if (gScene)  StartPhysics();
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	PrintControls();
	InitGlut(argc, argv, "Lesson 402: Jointed Rigid Body Cloth");
    InitNx();
    glutMainLoop();
	ReleaseNx();
	return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Burlington Free Press
The Burlington Free Press Homepage
RICHARD NORMAN FASTIGGI
LaVigne Funeral Home
RICHARD NORMAN FASTIGGI - SOUTH BURLINGTON - Richard Norman Fastiggi of South Burlington, Coate's Island, and Mission, Texas, passed away on May 1, 2014, in the Vermont Respite House following a brief illness. Dick was born Dec. 26, 1931, in Bronx, N.Y., the son of James V. and Margaret M. (Perez) Fastiggi. Dick grew up in Mamaroneck, N.Y., became an Eagle Scout, and graduated from Mamaroneck High School in 1949. He attended Lehigh University, where he was a member of Delta Chi fraternity, leaving there in 1952 at the height of the Korean Conflict to enter the U.S. Army. He subsequently was admitted to and graduated from The Engineer Officers Candidate School at Ft. Belvoir, Virginia. His service included assignments at Ft. Sheridan, IL, K-8 AFB in Suwon, Korea, and Ft. Dix, N.J. Dick completed his military service in 1956, returning to Lehigh to finish his studies in Civil Engineering, graduating in 1958. Dick worked for a time in New Jersey doing bridge structural design, and in 1960 joined the General Electric Company's Aerospace Group in Burlington, as a missile structural design engineer. Subsequent assignments included leading the winning proposal effort and heading the ensuing management of the Gau8A aircraft armament system program, one of the most successful at GE Burlington. This led to further assignments in business planning and as the manager of the GE test facility in Burlington. Dick retired from GE in 1992, with 32 years of proud service. He was a member of the GE ELFUN Society. Early in his retirement Dick volunteered extensively with the Chittenden County United Way. He was a founding member of the Lake Champlain Community Sailing Center in 1993. He was a board member from 1994 to 2006, serving in the leadership roles of Secretary, Vice President, President and Chairman. He joined the Malletts Bay Boat Club in 1966, serving several years on the Afterguard, and as Master in 1975 and 1976, and was made an Honorary Member in 2012. Dick was a competitive Lightning sailor, winning the New England Masters Championship in 2010. He was a key organizer of the 2001 Lightning North American Championship Regatta and the 2009 World Championship Regatta, held at MBBC. He retired from competitive sailboat racing after the 2011 season. He was a member of the West Bolton Golf Club, and with his golfing buddies made an annual boating journey from Burlington to Florida, cruising in a recreational trawler and playing golf at each available harbor. Over the years this led to the creation of the on-going "Bruce-Dick-Bill Tournament", with its annual family banquet and awards ceremony. He shot his age twice and earned a hole-in-one. Earlier in Dick's sporting career he was active in sports car rallies and gymkhana. Dick and Patricia Wilson met in 1960 while performing in a community musical theater production in New Jersey, with Dick proposing, and Pat accepting, on stage during the curtain call of "Call Me Madam." The following year they were married at the University of Notre Dame where Pat's father, Alex Wilson, was the track and field coach. Dick and Pat have been active members of their church and community, singing in the St. John Vianney Church Folk Group and the South Burlington Community Chorus. Dick also organized the annual Bishop's Fund appeal for many years. In their retirement community in Mission, Texas, Dick served as president of the neighborhood association for two years, organized their weekly golf scrambles and enjoyed singing in the choir and at happy hour. Dick was a kind and gentle man, and there was nothing more important to him than his family. He enjoyed researching his family genealogy, which included traveling to town archives and even a trip to Calitri, Italy, to research his family roots. He loved spending time with his children and grandchildren at camp, and his smile was always present. Predeceased by his parents; Dick is survived by his wife, Pat; his brothers, Robert of Palm Harbor, Fla., and Raymond (Jane) of Mamaroneck; sons, Bill (Suzy Coburn) and Rick (Rebecca Sidway); and daughters, Beth (Patrick Standen), Kathy (Eric Stengel) and their children, Corey, Kate and Christopher, and Barbara (Kurt Bosselman) and their children, Alex and Jemma; as well as numerous nieces and nephews. A Mass of Christian Burial will be held at 11 a.m. on Tuesday, May 6, 2014, at St. John Vianney Church, 160 Hinesburg Rd., South Burlington, followed by a reception at the church hall. Online condolences can be shared at www.lavignefuneralhome.com. Arrangements are with the LaVigne Funeral Home and Cremation Service, 132 Main St., in Winooski. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made in Dick's name to the American Cancer Society, (Vermont Chapter 55 Day Lane, Williston, VT 05495); the Northeast Disabled Athletic Association (82 Killarney Dr. Burlington, VT 05408); Everybody Wins! VT (P.O. Box 34, Montpelier, VT 05601); or any other charity of your choosing.
Published by The Burlington Free Press on May 3, 2014.
Please consider a donation as requested by the family.
How do you know RICHARD NORMAN FASTIGGI? (Optional)
Dick is fondly remembered as a man who lived life well and to the fullest.
Ken and Jean
Kenneth Wolvington
Bob and I send our condolences on behalf of our family to Pat and to your family on Dick's passing. You were all wonderful neighbors when we came to South Burlington way back in 1981 and we have some lovely memories of times together. It was good to be with you at St. John Vianney as you said a wonderful farewell to Dick and all those many people present speak to the difference he made in so many lives. Our thoughts are with you all in your loss.
Joan & Bob Kieran
Sorry to hear about you loss.
My thoughts and prayers are with you.
stephen yandow
Pat & Jean Clubb
He will be greatly missed. Our sympathy and love to Pat and the family.
Dick and Marvel Seger
We're sorry to hear about his passing. Glad we knew him.
With all our sympathy,
Dick and Eunice Newell
So sorry to hear about Dick. Your family is in our prayers.
Don & Sandy Goben
Dick will be greatly missed. Our deepest sympathday to Pat and his whole family. Lemon Tree Estates in Texas has lost one of its best
Darwin and Stella Boldt
Thinking of all of your family. What a great guy who was a friend of all and he will be greatly missed.
John and Jeanette Tims
We are sorry to lose a true gentleman and patient teacher. May the skies be clear, the wind fair and the sailing smooth. Wishing the entire Fastiggi family our sincerest sympathy.
-Peter Hill & Julie Weaver
It is with sadness and fond memories of years past when we had the privilege to share moments with a most devoted gentleman Richard. To Pat, his children and their families our heartfelt condolences from a long time neighbors in S. Burlington, Vt. regards, frank e maria caruccio
frank caruccio
Beth & Patrick,
I am so sorry for your loss. My
thoughts & prayers are with you and your family at this sad time.
Joanne Mercure
Wanting to send sincere sympathy to the whole Fastiggi family. It was an honor to know Dick through the MBBC, going way back to the 60's. Always an enthusiast and a positive thinker, he added so much to that group and I am sure to all the many other groups fortunate enough to know him. We have lost a wonderful man!
Sorry to hear of your lose. Dick was such a nice guy and gentleman. He will be missed at Lemon Tree.
Steve and Debbie Lehman
It is with sadness that I write as I look at the photo of Dick's warm smile. It is a blessing and our pleasure to have known Dick through the boat club. His kindness, caring and generosity touched our lives especially through the Lightning fleet. I specifically remember which maneuvers and techniques that Dick helped us with on our boat. Our sincere sympathy to Pat and all of your fabulous family.
Kay and Arnie Tran
Dear Pat,
So sorry to learn that your helpmate through life has died. We all know that he is being sorely missed! Mill & I have some good memories from our time on Quail Run across the street from you....& have so loved keeping in touch via Christmas letters. Our thoughts & prayers are with you & the family!!!
Mill & Rosalie Simmons
We are shocked and saddened at the news of Dick's passing. A truly good man, he will be sorely missed. Our most sincere condolences to the entire family.
Ken and Jean Wolvington
To Mrs. Fastiggi and family: I have many fond memories of growing up "down the street" from you in Mayfair Park. You were all very good to me, and for that I will be forever grateful. My thoughts and Prayers are with you all.
Paul Kruse
Prayers and love to you all. Dick's legacy is in all of you.
Eileen Pavlovich
Dear Pat and family,
I am sending my sincere condolences to you all upon reading of Dick's death. I remember with a smile the fun we had and the beautiful music we produced while in the So. Burlington chorus. May the memories help you through this sad time.
Sue Crowley
To Pat and family, please accept my sympathies. I do remember Dick late at night on Woodbine Street, flooding your back yard with hot water to make the smooth ice-skating rink that was so popular. Very fond memories.
Tom Schroeder
My love, my thoughts and my prayers to Pat and family. Dick came into my life via my brother Bill. I will always remember Dick Fastiggi as one of the warmest and kindest gentleman I have ever known. He surely made the world "a bit more beautiful" for having lived in it.
Jane McGinnis
Kathy, I am so very sorry for your loss!! My thoughts and prayers are with you and your family!
Jill Johnson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"How Soon Is Now?" was the Smiths hit that never quite was. Their U.K. record company buried it on a B-side in 1985 because they thought the track – built around a swooping tremolo attack on a single F-sharp chord that sounded like guitarist Johnny Marr was surfing a tsunami – wasn't representative of the band. And although the head of their American record company called it the "Stairway to Heaven" of the Eighties, it didn't make a commercial dent in the States, either.
Even with the wobbly cinematography, it's easy to see how fully Morrissey was working it that night. Wearing jeans and an Elvis Presley T-shirt, he swiveled his hips so relentlessly that he appeared to be in danger of dislocating his pelvis. Traditionally, that dance move denotes raw sexuality, but here it felt like he was churning butter.
Meanwhile, Johnny Marr added to the song's apocalyptic feel with some guitar solos that could rip open the seventh seal. The Smiths' lineup at this gig also included a fifth member: Craig Gannon, who joined the band earlier that year during a period when bassist Andy Rourke had been fired because of his heroin problems, and stayed on as second guitarist even after Rourke's return. Generally speaking, Marr was a nimble enough player that another guitarist was superfluous, but here, playing in tandem paid off.
Morrissey added lyrics that neatly summed up his approach to life: "I am the son and the heir to a shyness that is criminally vulgar/I am the son and heir of nothing in particular." When he sang them, he made being awkward sound like a manifesto. And when he reached the chorus of "I am human and I need to be loved/Just like everybody else does," it sounded like the only truth in the world.


text:
« Sick Gulf Residents Beg Officials for Help, Get None
25 Tons of Bombs Wipe Afghan Town Off Map »
Family of Amr Qawasme, murdered in his bed, seeks accountability
(Charlotte Silver) "I sleep one night and then I don't sleep because I am afraid something will happen. They killed him in front of me," Subhya Qawasme explained, while fixing her intensely green eyes on me, and gesturing with her large, muscular hands.
Subhya Qawasme, whose husband Amr was murdered by Israeli soldiers in front of her."I sleep one night and then I don't sleep because I am afraid something will happen. They killed him in front of me," Subhya Qawasme explained, while fixing her intensely green eyes on me, and gesturing with her large, muscular hands.On 7 January, five Israeli soldiers invaded Subhya's home in the occupied West Bank city of Hebron. Her husband, Amr, was shot to death while he was sleeping in their bed as Subhya prayed beside him. Amr Qawasme was 66 years old. He was a former construction worker, a father of 12 and a grandfather of 37.
On 7 January, five Israeli soldiers invaded Subhya's home in the occupied West Bank city of Hebron. Her husband, Amr, was shot to death while he was sleeping in their bed as Subhya prayed beside him. Amr Qawasme was 66 years old. He was a former construction worker, a father of 12 and a grandfather of 37.
The Israeli military quickly admitted that Amr's murder was "a mistake," that his killing was a botched attempted extra-judicial execution mission.
Killed without warning
On the night of the murder, Israeli soldiers unlocked the front door to the Qawasme house at around 3am and entered the house quietly.
"I had woken up to some crashing or noise outside, and assumed it was just dogs, but I got up anyway to pray," Subhya told The Electronic Intifada.
Subhya and Amr's bedroom, which is so small that the bed takes up more than half of the space, is now pristinely clean. But Subhya said it took the family four hours to clean up the spilled blood.
When this writer entered the room, all appeared completely normal until Subhya removed a pillow to reveal the concentration of bullet holes on the headboard, where her husband was sleeping when he was shot 13 times by two Israeli soldiers.
Subhya walked through her motions, re-enacting the scene. She rose from her and Amr's bed, turned on the light and commenced her early morning prayer, facing Mecca with her back to the bedroom door. While praying, she explained, the Israeli soldiers appeared in her bedroom. Subhya, shocked and terrified, had watched as a solider immediately began shooting her husband.
"Blood was all over the walls," Subhya remembered, as she waved across the now unmarked wardrobe.
After the shooting stopped, the soldiers demanded from Subhya that she show them her husband's identification. With a gun pointed at her, she walked over to where her husband's destroyed body lay, to retrieve his ID. Only after they saw it did they realize they had not come to the right home.
The soldiers were looking for Wael al-Bitar, one of the six Hamas-affiliated men who had been released from prison a day earlier by a direct order from Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. That night, the Israeli military re-arrested five of the six men who had been released, including al-Bitar.
Despite the army's admission of a mistake, there is no sign that anybody will redress for the fault. "Mistakes" or any murder of Palestinians have gone almost entirely unpunished by the Israeli military and government.
Subhya recounted the events of that night with a torrent of exact and certain articulation, hardly taking a break to breathe. After she got through it, her voice broke and her eyes filled with tears. "I can't sleep because I only remember what happened here," she said as we sat in her bedroom.
Subhya said her family and friends encouraged her to get a new bed as a means of dealing with the horrific memory of that night, but she insists on keeping it, along with the same blanket that was tattered by the bullets.
Amr and Subhya Qawasme's bedroom, now cleaned of Amr's blood.
Following the murder of Qawasme, international and Israeli news headlines announced the Israeli military had killed the "wrong man," yet went on to report that the Israeli military had conducted the raids only to re-arrest the six Hamas-affiliated men. One example of this can be found in a news report by Reuters, which stated that "The man was shot as troops swooped on houses in the occupied West Bank to re-arrest five members of the Islamist Hamas group who had been freed from Palestinian jails just the day before" ("Israeli troops kill wrong man in Hamas raid," 7 January 2011).
No mention of the plan to assassinate these men was declared in any public statements from the military. According to the Ramallah-based human rights group Al-Haq, however, the slaying of Amr reveals that the incident was a failed extra-judicial killing attempt.
Since the start of the second intifada in September 2000, the Israeli government has pursued a policy of extrajudicial killings, in which the military executes Palestinians with no judicial process.
Since 2000, more than six hundred Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip have been killed in this manner, according to the Israeli human rights group B'Tselem. Furthermore, despite a 2006 Israeli high court ruling that aimed to limit the military's policy of extrajudicial executions, Al-Haq reports that there has been no practical reduction of this deadly tactic in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Wesam Ahmad, an Al-Haq spokesperson, told The Electronic Intifada that when Israeli soldiers invaded the Qawasme family home, "all indicators are they went in intending to kill. Once they realized they had made a mistake, everything changed."
Evidently, the military aborted their plan to kill Wael al-Bitar after executing the wrong man.
Ahmad explained that Al-Haq sees this incident as part of the larger Israeli policy of targeted assassinations and anticipates that despite promises to conduct an internal investigation, there will be no accountability.
Al-Haq's doubts towards the Israeli investigation were affirmed on 19 January. The Israeli military announced the findings of its investigation headed by GOC Central Command, Major General Avi Mizrahi. Mizrahi found that the soldier who initiated shooting Amr had reason to feel threatened, due to a "suspicious movement" by the victim, and therefore he will not be discharged. However, in what can only be described as an arbitrary scapegoat, Mizrahi has terminated the army career of the second solider who began shooting, describing his behavior as "unprofessional." Thus, in keeping with the policy, military investigation has failed to condemn murdering innocent civilians.
Impunity for Israeli soldiers manifested itself in policy at the start of the second intifada. In 2000, the Judge Advocate General's Office categorized the situation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as an "armed conflict," making any investigation into homicides of civilians the exception, as B'Tselem documents in its September 2010 report "By Void of Responsibility".
The Hamas prisoners
The PA's incarceration of the Hamas-affiliated men, who were the target of the lethal raid, has itself come under wide condemnation.
The wanted Hebron men had been arrested by Palestinian Authority security forces in September and October of 2008, and had been held in a PA prison for more than two years without charges. In January and February of 2010, the Palestinian High Court ordered four of the prisoners' release, yet they remained in detention. Their overdue release only came as a response to mounting pressure on Abbas after the men commenced a hunger strike in November 2010.
According to the West Bank-based prisoner-rights group Addameer, the men were in very weak condition upon their release on 6 January as their hunger strike had lasted between 45 and 50 days and they had not yet received medical attention. Their arrests on 7 January exacerbated their poor health. Wael al-Bitar, for example, was denied food until the evening of 7 January, when he arrived at Ramleh Prison in Israel, as a 10 January 2011 press release from the Palestinian prisoner rights group Addameer reports.
According to Addameer, three of the prisoners have been moved to Ofer Prison, one remains in Kishon/al-Jalameh Detention Center and one has been placed in administrative detention for six months.
According to Addameer, it is not uncommon for a Palestinian political prisoner to be re-arrested by one authority after the other has released him.
"There is no secret that there is security coordination between the Palestinian side and the Israeli side," Ahmad told The Electronic Intifada. "But this shows that the Palestinians have no real control of security on the ground and cannot secure the lives of Palestinians on the ground."
On the day of Amr's murder, a funeral was held in Hebron with a reported 4,000 in attendance. Ambassadors from Belgium, Egypt and Argentina were present at the funeral and individually paid their respects to Qawasme's family afterwards.
About the ceremony, Subhya said, "It was the most beautiful funeral I had seen … thousands of people were in the streets — Hamas, Fatah, everyone. It made me very happy, and it made me feel calm."
In light of the numerous innocent men and women whose lives have been cut short by the Israeli military, a "mistake" is hardly distinctive. Furthermore, characterizing Amr's death as such suggests that Israel's killing of somebody else could have been legitimate.
Subhya and her family hope to bring the soldiers to trial. Her son Rajae Qawasme said, "We want to raise the voice of all Palestinians to show the crimes of Israel against innocent Palestinians.
All images by Charlotte Silver.
Charlotte Silver is a journalist based in the West Bank. She can be reached at charlottesilver A T gmail D O T com.


text:
Costa Verde Collections
Moods Collections
FLASHPor Project
What if it was possible to replace the first long porcelain firing by a process of a few minutes?
This is the question we intend to answer through the FLASHpor project, through which we will investigate, develop and validate the use of an alternative, innovative and environmentally more sustainable technology for porcelain sintering during the first firing/biscuit process – FLASH technology.
Conventional Porcelain Sintering Process
Aiming to ensure porcelain's unique properties, two or three firings (white or decorated porcelain) are required throughout the process for extended times (over 6 hours) and high temperatures (≈ 1000oC, in the first firing/biscuit; over 1350oC ,in the second firing). Despite all efforts to ensure an optimised process, which does not compromise the environment, this one is still powered by fossil fuels, by being the biscuit cycle able to represent around 15% of the plant's total energy consumption.
How can FLASH technology turn the process into something more sustainable?
FLASH technology uses an electric field as the driving force for densification, thus allowing to decrease the dependence on temperature during the porcelain's firing process. This will be applied to the biscuit process, thus allowing for a more sustainable sintering cycle (decrease in temperature and firing time).
Ceramic bodies' R&D with suitable compositions for firing, by using FLASH technology
R&D of FLASH sintering kilns, namely with the construction of a laboratory test's kiln and its scale-up, into a second (pilot) kiln for porcelain's firing
Studies for the applicability and industrial feasibility of porcelain's FLASH sintering process
Project Expectations
Increase of the Process' Environmental Sustainability
Significant Reduction on Production Costs
Increase of the Productive Rate
Increased Competitiveness of the Companies in the Sector
FlashPor Project's Datasheet (Portuguese)
Costa Verde Factory
Porcelain care of use
Delivery and costs
QES Policy
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With the world has been talking about before the rallies in Charlottesville, Virginia and United States President Donald J. Trump was the state of Colin Kaepernick.
Will Colin Kaepernick play in the NFL this season?
Last NFL season, Colin Kaepernick refused to stand during the playing of the U.S. national anthem. He did it to shed light on Eric Garner, Philando Castile and others who were murdered by police officers.
"I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color," Kaepernick told NFL network's Steve Wyche during the NFL's preseason last year.
Kaepernick would later kneel after the National Anthem was played during games.
Two-time NBA Champion, Craig Hodges weighed in on a recent episode of Scoop B Radio. "He might get an opportunity, but if he is not in somebody's training camp I don't think he will play again in the NFL because out of sight out of mind, Craig Hodges told Brandon 'Scoop B' Robinson.
Hodges was blackballed by the NBA after he handed a letter to former U.S. President George H.W. Bush during the Bulls' championship visit to the White House. The letter made President Bush aware of the mistreatment of poor people and people of color in the United States. "I did whatever I could to uplift the cause of our people man, said Hodges.
Kaepernick, who led the San Francisco 49ers to an appearance in Super Bowl XLVII, was in a contract year when took that public stance last season. Now an NFL free agent, it seems that nobody is willing to take a chance on him as even a backup in the NFL. The Baltimore Ravens and Miami Dolphins are said to have had interest, but they've since moved on.
Kaepernick's refusal triggered other athletes like the Cleveland Cavaliers' LeBron James, Houston Rockets' Chris Paul, New York Knicks' Carmelo Anthony and Chicago Bulls' Dwyane Wade and WNBA players to become vocal about police brutality of minorities.
In a preseason game this past weekend, Oakland Raiders running back Marshawn Lynch sat on a Gatorade cooler while the national anthem was played.


I met Stefanie Vinsel at the birthday party of my friend Jessica, the girl where I share the apartment with during my stay in Los Angeles. I loved her style and when I discovered she is a photographer too, I had to ask her to be one of my models for my LA series. Stefanie is 26 years old and originally from Ohio. Because she loves to work on location too, she knows some cool locations around LA. We went on a little road trip with a car filled of clothes and 4 camera's. 2 Hours before sunset we arrived at Mt Baldy and I was very impressed by the beauty of the location. The sun was already behind the hills so we had to hurry to capture a few outfits before it would be to dark. We drove to another spot after every outfit and the most beautiful place was the location where we watched the sunset. At that spot she also captured me with her digital- and film camera. She is so talented! By the end of the day we were both happy with the results. We had dinner and enjoyed the best cookie ice cream with Jessica at our apartment. A day to remember! Have a look at the portraits of Stefanie!
Want to see more girls in the LA series? Have a look at the portraits of Hannah, Kelleth, Bleu, Daisy May and Agy!
Wat een toffe locatie ook weer! Mooie meid ook. En natuurlijk weer prachtige foto's!


text:
C*GRLGTR -- translate logical name (VMS)
C+
      SUBROUTINE GRLGTR (NAME)
      CHARACTER*(*) NAME
C
C This is used in the parsing of device specifications in the
C VMS implementation of PGPLOT. In other implementations, it may
C be replaced by a null routine.
C
C Argument:
C  NAME (input/output): initially contains the name to be
C       inspected.  If an equivalence is found it will be replaced
C       with the new name. If not, the old name will be left there.
C--
C (1-Feb-1983)
C 10-Apr-1996: remove uppercasing; logical names may be case-sensitive.
C 13-Sep-1996: new version using $TRNLNM; not recursive.
C-----------------------------------------------------------------------
      INCLUDE '($LNMDEF)'
      INCLUDE '($SYSSRVNAM)'
      STRUCTURE /LIST/
         INTEGER*2 BUF_LEN/255/
         INTEGER*2 ITEM_CODE/LNM$_STRING/
         INTEGER*4 TRANS_LOG
         INTEGER*4 TRANS_LEN
         INTEGER*4 END_ENTRY/0/
      END STRUCTURE

      CHARACTER*255 EQV_BUFFER
      INTEGER*2 W_NAMELEN
      INTEGER L, GRTRIM, ISTAT
      RECORD /LIST/ ITEM_LIST

      ITEM_LIST.TRANS_LOG = %LOC(EQV_BUFFER)
      ITEM_LIST.TRANS_LEN = %LOC(W_NAMELEN)

      L = GRTRIM(NAME)
      ISTAT = SYS$TRNLNM(LNM$M_CASE_BLIND,
     :     'LNM$FILE_DEV',
     :     NAME(1:L),
     :     ,
     :     ITEM_LIST)
      IF (ISTAT) NAME = EQV_BUFFER(:W_NAMELEN)
      RETURN
      END


Our hair is better off with just regular rinsing (without shampoos and conditioners), but today, we don't have the same fresh air surrounding us that we did centuries ago. The shampoos today are made of harsh chemicals that intend to clean and style the hair, but are these what our hair needs? The answer is clearly a NO; using these harsh chemicals to wash hair is not saving our hair from the polluted air but polluting and damaging them even further.
For lustrous and healthy hair, you need gentle shampoos, moisturizing conditioners, and pure treatment oils that will hydrate without adding excess weight and cleanse without stripping. Our Shampoos, Conditioners, & Treatments at Bio Organic & Natural are formulated with natural botanicals and essential oils which are safe and intended for specific hair care needs. Our selective Hair Care line will give you vibrant, healthy-looking hair without harsh preservatives or hair-stripping cleansers.


Orange Vanilla Lotion is the lightest lotion we make, and ideal for normal to oily skin types. The fragrance combines the cheerful uplifting scent of sweet orange with exotic ylang ylang, a touch of ginger, and real vanilla. This is a nice scent for summer.


Published at Sunday, April 21st, 2019 - 2:45 AM. 4 Wiring Diagram. By Thomas K. Gilmer.
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text:
BOON nominated for an amadeus Austrian music award in the category hard & heavy
BOON is nominated for an Amadeus Austrian Music Awards in the category "Hard & Heavy"!
The award show will be broadcasted live on national TV (ORF) on Thursday, April 25th at 21:55.
You can vote for us here:
https://voting.amadeusawards.at/voting
All other Information can be found on the AAMA Website: https://www.amadeusawards.at/
The new Album is also available on Vinyl... As a handnumbered limited Edition (300 pieces) on red Vinyl with black swirls, including an exclusive Poster. In Austria this Edition is available at stores like Media Markt, Saturn, Müller, etc... Orders outside of Austria can be made in the official Webstore. /store


Mary Anne Doheny (nee Ruth), age 76 and long-time resident of Lansdale, Pa and Thousand Island Park, NY, died Tuesday, January 16th. She was born Anna Mae in Tewksbury, Massachusetts on June 21, 1941. She lived in several foster homes in Boston until Pearl S. Buck heard of her story and brought her to Welcome House in Doylestown, PA. Helen and Henry Ruth, of Lansdale, PA, adopted Mary Anne when she was 11 years old. Mary Anne went on to become a registered nurse (BSN) and while working as a head nurse at Abington Hospital she met the love of her life, Francis R. Doheny. They married and raised three children in Lansdale, PA. Mary Anne was one of the oldest living heart transplant recipients in the U.S., surviving 29 years with her original donor heart from 1989. She was a fun loving, no-nonsense kind of a mom. Mary Anne was often described as one of a kind with unprecedented willpower. She loved all animals and always rooted for the underdog. Mary Anne was an excellent craftswoman who could make anything and fix everything. She had a store for many years in the Wellesley Hotel located within TI Park, NY where she made various arts and crafts including baby clothes and unique jewelry. She died with her family that she deeply loved by her side. She is survived by her husband, Francis R. "Corky" Doheny; her son Michael (Cathy Tallaksen); daughter Heather (Andy Jefferson); grandson Teddy Jefferson; granddaughter McKinley Jefferson; and daughter Heidi. Services will be private.


STAAD or (STAAD.Pro) is a structural analysis and design computer program originally developed by Research Engineers International at Yorba Linda, CA in 1997. In late 2005, Research Engineers International was bought by Bentley Systems.An older version called Staad-III for Windows is used by Iowa State University for educational purposes for civil and structural engineers.The commercial version, STAAD.Pro, is one of the most widely used structural analysis and design software products worldwide. It supports several steel, concrete and timber design codes.It can make use of various forms of analysis from the traditional 1st order static analysis, 2nd order p-delta analysis, geometric non-linear analysis, Pushover analysis(Static-Non Linear Analysis) or a buckling analysis.
In recent years it has become part of integrated structural analysis and design solutions mainly using an exposed API called OpenSTAAD to access and drive the program using a Visual Basic macro system included in the application or by including OpenSTAAD functionality in applications that themselves include suitable programmable macro systems. Additionally, STAAD.Pro has added direct links to applications such as RAM Connection and STAAD.Foundation to provide engineers working with those applications which handle design post processing not handled by STAAD.Pro itself.
It is capable of analysing and designing civil engineering structures such as buildings, bridges, plane and space trusses. It can generate loads (wind and earthquake) as per building codes of selected countries.
It can carry out design of steel and reinforced concrete buildings as per codes of selected countries. It can carry out linear elastic (static and dynamic) and nonlinear dynamic analysis (although I am not sure how good the nonlinear analysis algorithms are, not having used those features).
You will know how to carry out flexible zoom and multiple views.
You will know how to have isometric and perspective views and 3D shapes.
You will know how to use built-in command file editor and simple command language.
You will know how to generate graphics/text input.
You will know how to do efficient algorithm that minimizes disk space requirements.
You will know how to take presentation quality printer plots of geometry and results as part of run output.
You will know how to perform accurate and numerically efficient plate/shell element incorporating out-of-plane shear and in-plane rotation; automatic element mesh generation; comprehensive element stress output including in-plane stresses, out-of-plane shear, bending and principal stresses at nodal as well as user specified points.
You will learn how to achieve user-specified design parameters to customize design.
You will know how to design concrete beams/columns/slabs/footings as per all major international codes.


text:
+32 16 90 39 04 | info@xeryon.com
Stage comparison guide
ASK AN ENGINEER
🇺🇸 1 (215) 728-6804 | info@xeryon.com
Technology→
Understanding precision: accuracy, repeatability, precision
Sensor resolution
The term sensor resolution indicates the smallest quantity detectable by the position sensor. This value is the lower limit for the stage resolution.
Sensor resolution is also referred to as sensor sensitivity.
Sensor accuracy
The accuracy of a position sensor represents the absolute deviation with respect to a calibrated, metrologically traceable standard. Sensor accuracy does not necessarily relate to sensor resolution.
Sensor inaccuracy is mostly caused by the imperfectness of the sensor scale and by the alignment error of the sensor scale with respect to the axis of movement.
The sensor accuracy error is to a great extent repetitive and can be compensated for by means of a lookup table.
Stage resolution
Stage resolution is defined as the smallest, controlled mechanical displacement of a piezo positioning stage. Since our piezo stages work in most cases with ultrasonic piezo technology in combination with a dedicated driver, the term resolution always refers to the closed-loop resolution of a stage. The resolution is therefore affected by the sensor resolution, mechanical influences (friction, compliance, contact point nonlinearities...) and position control performance.
This value is the lower limit for the stage repeatability.
Other terms for stage resolution are minimal step size or minimal incremental motion (MIM).
Stage repeatability
Repeatability is defined as the range of positions attained when the stage is repeatedly commanded to one specific location under identical conditions.
Unidirectional repeatability: the ability of the stage to return to a given point, always coming from the same previously defined point. The value specified is the standard deviation of many moves to the same point.
Bidirectional repeatability: the ability of the stage to return to a given point coming from a random previous point. The value specified is the standard deviation of many moves from random directions to the same point.
The values given on the website concern the bidirectional repeatability, unless specified otherwise.
Stage accuracy
The accuracy of a stage is directly related to the sensor accuracy. This is a result of the direct-drive principle of our stages and the small distance between the position sensor and mounting surface.
Accuracy vs. repeatability
Accuracy is how close a stage can position to the actual (true) value. Repeatability is a measure of the stage's ability to sequentially position to the same target value. It is important to understand that accuracy and repeatability are two different properties of a positioning system.
In a number of applications, the repeatability of a motion system is more important than the accuracy. Systematic errors can be taken into account and compensated, but the repeatability is the ultimate limit that is reached after all compensation.
Accuracy is also referred to as trueness. Other terms for repeatability are reproducibility or - slightly confusing - precision.
Error motion of a rotation stage
According to the ANSI/ASME B89.3.4 standard, the error motion of a rotary stage's axis of rotation is defined as a change in position, relative to the reference coordinate axes, of the surface of a perfect workpiece, as a function of rotation angle, with the workpiece centerline coincident with the axis of rotation.
In other words, a rotary stage ideally has one degree of freedom, i.e. a rotation about the z-axis. However, as perfect rotary stages do not exist, any motion in the remaining five degrees of freedom is referred to as an axis-of-rotation error motion or simply error motion. Depending on the error direction, one can distinguish two radial contributions, one axial and two tilt or wobble contributions. Furthermore, the error motion of stage can be separated into a synchronous and asynchronous component. The error motion of a stage is often incorrectly referred to as stage runout.
A more elaborate explanation of these terms can be found here.
Error motion of a linear stage
The error motion of a linear stage is the undesired motion, as a function of the stage position, in all five degrees of freedom other than the direction of motion. The error motion in the horizontal plane is referred to as straightness error, and the error in the vertical plane as flatness error. The angular error motion components in the different ortogonal directions are called pitch, roll and yaw.
Another term for the error motion of linear stage is the stage guiding error or travel error.
© 2020 Xeryon. Copyright. All rights reserved. - Disclaimer
Xeryon China
Crossfixx™ piezo motor
Interleuvenlaan 21
Research Park Haasrode
3001 Leuven, Belgium
info@xeryon.com
8510 Bustleton Ave


Posted by Jed M. on October 02, 2014. Brought to you by menupix.
Posted by Leslie L. on February 05, 2012. Brought to you by menupix.
Dragon City can be found at Marshall Rd 3936. The following is offered: Restaurants. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Dayton there are 237 other Restaurants. An overview can be found here.
Dragon City is located at 3936 Marshall Rd, Kettering, OH. This business specializes in Restaurants.


簡單中文選字遊戲。 由繁體中文和合本聖經書卷名稱組成。 選擇單字組成繁體中文和合本聖經書卷名稱, 容易玩;難取勝。 A simple chinese boggle game. All phase are the name of chinese bible's book Select the chinese word to complete one of the name of chinese bible's book. Easy to play, hard to win. Suit for kids & baby.


Making safety a priority is essential when enjoying Florida's warm weather. Otherwise, a fun summer activity could quickly turn into an accident that can cause serious injuries ranging from broken bones to paralysis.
Summer marks the onset of the state's rainy season. The risk of car crashes increases with frequent and heavy downpours. Sudden showers can result in low visibility, while flooding can create hazardous driving conditions. The Florida Highway Patrol reports an increase in the number of car accidents during rainy season.
As a result, people should be cautious about their driving behavior as the weather changes. Slowing down, turning on headlights, checking tire treads and increasing following distance are some examples of safety measures one can take to avoid crashes.
The warm weather can also lead to other mishaps. Water activities such as boating, parasailing and swimming are popular for beating the summertime heat. Adults and children alike should wear life jackets when participating in them. Additionally, kids should not be left to play in and around swimming pools unsupervised.
According to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, in 2015 Florida had the highest number of statewide boating accidents in a decade. Data shows the main cause of fatal boating accidents was boaters falling overboard.
Other leading factors were collisions, inattention and alcohol. Intoxication played a role in around 19 percent of the reported crashes. The statistics highlight the necessity of having a designated sober driver when boating.
Parasailing is another fun summer pastime. However, it can turn into a dangerous activity when parasailing companies disregard their customers' safety. They may lack properly trained staff, ignore weather warnings or have malfunctioning equipment. Make sure to check whether the company is licensed and look out for red flags before you go parasailing.
If you or a family member has suffered a serious or even fatal injury in an accident, contact our Fort Lauderdale personal injury attorneys at Chalik & Chalik today.


text:
St. Xavier's School, Nevta, Jaipur Login
A Fire that Kindles Other Fires
C.B.S.E. Affiliation No. 1730818
St. Xavier's School
Nevta-Mahapura Road
Jaipur Dist.
Rajasthan - 302029
stxaviersnevta@gmail.com
http://stxaviersschoolnevta.com
Download Route Map
A Historical View of the School
Infrastructure & Facitities
Objectives of Jesuit Education
Examinations and Promotions
Rules of Discipline
Obligations of Parents
Expectation from Parents/Guardians
Recommendations to the Parents
PAY SCHOOL FEES
C.B.S.E. CORNER
Transfer Certificates
St. Xavier's Senior Secondary School, Jaipur is a Christian minority school under the management of the Jesuits, an international Christian Religious Order, known as the Society of Jesus.
St. Xavier's School for boys was founded in July, 1941 under the name of St. Mary's Boy's School in the Roman Catholic Church Compound at Ghat Gate, Jaipur by Rev. Fr. Ignatius, O.F.M. Cap. In July 1943 its management was entrusted to the Jesuit Fathers, renowned for their educational work. The school was transferred to the present site and renamed St. Xavier's School in January, 1945, and still later as St. Xavier's Sr. Sec. School.
The Society of Jesus, founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, has, since its origin, been active in the field of education throughout the world. In India, the Society of Jesus is at present responsible for more than one hundred high schools and 25 colleges in which over a lakh and a half, young people belonging to every creed, social class, community and linguistic group are educated through the medium of English and regional languages. These institutions are part of the Catholic Church's effort to share in the country's educational undertaking. This effort, while particularly responsible to the Christian community, has always been at the service of the whole nation. Thus in these institutions, recognised as Christian Minority Institutions, the religious beliefs of all students are treated with respect.
Fr. John Ravi, S.J.
Manager & Principal
View Principals Message
Provisional Subject Allotment List for Class XI
School Level Fee Committee for 2018-19
Holiday Home Work
Examination Corner
ANNUAL PRIZE DISTRIBUTION
© 2019 - St. Xavier's School, Nevta, Jaipur - 302029


text:
Q: Using webhooks to retrieve messages from google chat api I'm trying to create a bot to send and receive messages through Google Chat and I wanted to know if there is any way I can retrieve messages using the webhooks? If not, is there anyway I can request the messages in the chat API without an public IP?
NOTE: if there isn't, I have read the https://developers.google.com/chat/how-tos/service-accounts and I wanted to understand: if I setup a Flask server, will google be able to send me the push notifications back, or do I need a public IP?

A: I have solved the problem.
There is no way, you must register on google as a developer.
Sorry for taking so long to post the solution

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Charming 2/1 Bungalow located in the Heart of South Tampa. The bungalow has been newly renovated, with new interior, floors, kitchen, appliances, windows, ceiling fans and roof. Located walking distance to Bayshore boulevard and several restaurants. The Bungalow is in the Roosevelt, Coleman and Plant School district.
Attention Palma Ceia Park A Resub Sellers While this provides information about the current sale prices, this does not give you a full report of what has sold on San Juan Street or in the complete Palma Ceia Park A Resub community for or 6 months prior. We can look at all the variables for you in Palma Ceia Park A Resub of Hillsborough and surrounding areas and do a comparable market analysis at no charge, just request it using our "selling" link above. If your property is currently listed by another real estate company, please disregard.
More Info on O5770906 We want to provide you with more information on the Residential property located at 3315 San Juan Street Tampa, Florda situated in the Palma Ceia Park A Resub community in Hillsborough. This particular property was constructed in 1930 and its exterior material is made of Other,Wood Frame. Our MLS listing data shown on this page is the most up to date information available as it is uploaded every day with an automatic feed; many other web sites on the Internet are out dated. Please note that this listing may not be our listing and we take no responsibility for the wording therein. MLS # O5770906 is a Single Family Residence with 1500.00 sq ft air conditioned and heated space. This property is offered for sale as of 04 26 2019 at $395,000. Its current status is either "ACTIVE" OR "ACTIVE WITH CONTRACT". We are happy to show you 3315 SAN JUAN STREET in Tampa, FL as well as any other property that you may have an interest in. There is no charge to work with us at Lipply Real Estate our services are FREE as the sellers of the property will pay our fee and it does not affect your purchase in any way.
Should 3315 San Juan Street Tampa, FL not appear to be the right property for you, we hope that you will search for a different property utilizing our "search homes" link above. You may also call us to request our help at 1-888-423-5775.


Does Amazon ship to Switzerland? Yes, and this extremely simple, 2-step method will show you exactly how to get any item shipped here, even those items that Amazon won't ship outside of the USA.
Next, to only see items that can be shipped to Switzerland, you need to set up a 1-click address.
From now on, assuming you begin your search from your new homepage, Amazon will only show you items that can be shipped to you in Switzerland. Happy shopping!
What about those items that Amazon won't ship to Switzerland?
Still, there is a workaround that you can use to get these items to you in Switzerland, which is using a third-party package forwarder. Here's how to do it.


text:
Q: How to use forall statement in bulk data insert of csv file in APEX application I am using below code to upload the data from csv file to db table using APEX 5 but performance is very slow as .csv file is very large. How can I use forall statement in below code to run the query faster? I tried to replace execute immediate statement with forall but its not working. Can someone guide me on this?
    DECLARE
   v_blob_data         BLOB;
   v_blob_len          NUMBER;
   v_position          NUMBER;
   v_raw_chunk         RAW (10000);
   v_char              CHAR (1);
   c_chunk_len         NUMBER := 1;
   v_line              VARCHAR2 (32767) := NULL;
   v_data_array        wwv_flow_global.vc_arr2;
   v_rows              NUMBER;
   v_sr_no             NUMBER := 1;
   v_filename          VARCHAR2 (2000)
                          := APEX_UTIL.get_session_state ('P4_FILE_BROWSE');
   v_idx               NUMBER;
   v_first_line_done   BOOLEAN := FALSE;
   v_error_cd          NUMBER := 0;

   TYPE my_rec IS RECORD
   (
      company_code   XXX_COMP_TABLE.company_code%TYPE,
      cost_center    XXX_COMP_TABLE.cost_center%TYPE,
      user_name      XXX_COMP_TABLE.user_name%TYPE,
      start_date     XXX_COMP_TABLE.effective_start_date%TYPE,
      end_date       XXX_COMP_TABLE.effective_end_Date%TYPE
   );

   TYPE v_coll_rec IS TABLE OF my_rec     INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;

   v_col1 v_coll_rec;

BEGIN
   SELECT blob_content
     INTO v_blob_data
     FROM apex_application_temp_files
    WHERE name = v_filename;

   v_blob_len := DBMS_LOB.getlength (v_blob_data);
   v_position := 1;

   --wwv_flow.debug('v_position'||v_position);
   LOOP
      v_idx := DBMS_LOB.INSTR (v_blob_data, '0A', v_position);

      -- wwv_flow.debug('v_idx'||v_idx);
      IF v_idx = 0
      THEN
         wwv_flow.debug ('in if');
         v_line :=
            UTL_RAW.cast_to_varchar2 (
               DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR (v_blob_data, 32767, v_position));
      ELSE
         -- wwv_flow.debug('in else');
         v_line :=
            UTL_RAW.cast_to_varchar2 (
               DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR (v_blob_data, v_idx - v_position, v_position));
      END IF;

      wwv_flow.debug ('v_line' || v_line);
      EXIT WHEN v_idx = 0;
      v_position := v_idx + 1;
      v_line := REPLACE (v_line, ',', ':');
      v_data_array := wwv_flow_utilities.string_to_table (v_line);

      IF (v_first_line_done != TRUE)
      THEN
         v_first_line_done := TRUE;

         --wwv_flow.debug('v_data_array(5) '||v_data_array(5) );
         IF     v_data_array (1) = 'COMPANY_CODE'
            AND v_data_array (2) = 'COST_CENTER_CODE'
            AND v_data_array (3) = 'USER_NAME'
            AND v_data_array (4) = 'EFFECTIVE_START_DATE' --AND v_data_array(5) = 'EFFECTIVE_END_DATE'
         THEN
            v_error_cd := 0;
         ELSE
            v_error_cd := 1;
         END IF;
      ELSIF (v_first_line_done = TRUE AND v_error_cd = 0)
      THEN
         FORALL indx IN 1 .. v_col1.COUNT
            INSERT
              into XXX_COMP_TABLE
            VALUES v_col1 (indx);
      END IF;

      v_line := NULL;
      v_sr_no := v_sr_no + 1;
   END LOOP;
END;

A: DECLARE
  v_blob_data BLOB;
  v_blob_len NUMBER;
  v_position NUMBER;
  v_raw_chunk RAW(10000);
  v_char      CHAR(1);
  c_chunk_len NUMBER          := 1;
  v_line      VARCHAR2 (32767):= NULL;
  v_data_array wwv_flow_global.vc_arr2;
  v_rows            NUMBER;
  v_sr_no           NUMBER         := 1;
  v_filename        VARCHAR2(2000) := apex_util.get_session_state('P4_FILE_BROWSE' );
  v_idx             NUMBER;
  v_first_line_done BOOLEAN := false;
  v_error_cd        NUMBER  :=0;

  TYPE my_rec IS RECORD ( company_code XXX_COMP_TABLE.company_code%type , cost_center XXX_COMP_TABLE.cost_center%type  ,
  user_name XXX_COMP_TABLE.user_name%type , start_date  XXX_COMP_TABLE.effective_start_date%type, end_date XXX_COMP_TABLE.effective_end_Date%type);
  TYPE v_coll_rec IS TABLE OF my_rec INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
BEGIN

  SELECT blob_content
  INTO v_blob_data
  FROM apex_application_temp_files
  WHERE name  = v_filename;
  v_blob_len := dbms_lob.getlength(v_blob_data);
  v_position := 1;
  --wwv_flow.debug('v_position'||v_position);
  LOOP
    v_idx := dbms_lob.instr( v_blob_data, '0A', v_position );
   -- wwv_flow.debug('v_idx'||v_idx);
    IF v_idx = 0 THEN
      wwv_flow.debug('in if');
      v_line := utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2( dbms_lob.substr( v_blob_data, 32767, v_position ) );
    ELSE
     -- wwv_flow.debug('in else');
      v_line := utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2( dbms_lob.substr( v_blob_data, v_idx - v_position, v_position ) );
    END IF;
    wwv_flow.debug('v_line'||v_line);
    EXIT
  WHEN v_idx              = 0;
    v_position           := v_idx + 1;
    v_line               := REPLACE (v_line, ',', ':');
    v_data_array         := wwv_flow_utilities.string_to_table (v_line);
    IF(v_first_line_done != true) THEN
       v_first_line_done := true;

       --wwv_flow.debug('v_data_array(5) '||v_data_array(5) );
          IF v_data_array(1)  = 'COMPANY_CODE' AND v_data_array(2) = 'COST_CENTER_CODE' AND v_data_array(3) = 'USER_NAME'
                                AND v_data_array(4) = 'EFFECTIVE_START_DATE' --AND v_data_array(5) = 'EFFECTIVE_END_DATE'
                                THEN
             v_error_cd     := 0;
          ELSE
            v_error_cd := 1;
          END IF;
    ELSIF(v_first_line_done = true AND v_error_cd = 0) THEN
    FORALL indx IN 1 .. v_coll_rec.COUNT
INSERT INTO
( SELECT company_code,
cost_center,
user_name ,
start_date,
end_date
FROM XXX_COMP_TABLE
)
VALUES v_coll_rec (indx) ;
    END IF;
  v_line := NULL; v_sr_no := v_sr_no + 1;
END LOOP;
END;