Hi everyone - I was here last year and I meet a lot of nice people on here, and someone gave me the name of a Doctor in Virginia that performs the FUE Hair transplant procedure for $3.00 per graft, and I lost his name and number…If anyone knows of this Doctor will you please email me back at QTPYE4YOU@aol.com. I live in Florida and I would love to find a Doctor that does FUE for $3.00 per graft some where in the south east part of the US. Thanks for your help.
» does FUE for $3.00 per graft some where in the south east part of the US.
why is that? Because it is too cheap?
If the work is decent, then they could charge more than double that rate and STILL be seriously undercutting the rest of the top FUE docs in the industry. So why aren't they doing that?
They tell you you need 2,000 grafts (but you only need 800). You pay $3.00 for 2,000 which is $6,000.00.
You only receive 800 grafts and it took 5 hours (while the other 5 hours you slept while the surgeon was having a martini watching your chosen movies).
You wake up thinking you received 2,000 grafts for what seemed like a 10 hr procedure.
6 months later you're not the happiest person in the world but you're not the most depressed either. You're only 6 grand out pocket and your results look half decent, except you have no idea the surgeon just made $6,000 off of you and you only received 800 grafts.
Or in some case scenarios the surgeon will have a garbage man (literally) doing the entire procedure - MANY such cases found in California and the clinic was exposed.
So technically the surgeon just charged $7.50 graft for FUE - average rate.
Who and what kinf of surgeons would do such a thing!? Usually the ones that rather not be mentioned in blogs and forums. THe ones that rather stay hidden from the knowledgable eye and spot them. The ones that prey on the naiive and never done any research.
Disclaimer: I am in no way shape or form directing the above statement to any surgeon nor is it directed to the surgeon being searched in Virginia. I am not a physician and my claims are based on my opinions!
» the industry. So why aren't they doing that?
» for 2,000 which is $6,000.00.
» of you and you only received 800 grafts.
» naiive and never done any research.
» am not a physician and my claims are based on my opinions!
» » the industry. So why aren't they doing that?
Yup. Before I had my hairline touch up with Dr. Umar, I went to a place that advertised very low prices for a limited time. Just for the heck of it, I checked it out. First red flag was the consult was in a shady suite building. Then the guy (consultant) wanted to do TWO strips procedure just to do a little hairline work. I flew out of there like a bat of out hell.
Never heard of a Dr charging 3$ a graft for fue in the US.
Dr.Umar is the cheapest in the US but he is on the west coast.dont make any decisions on travel or price or you might regret it later on.
» Never heard of a Dr charging 3$ a graft for fue in the US.
» any decisions on travel or price or you might regret it later on.
except for dr. arvind, best doctor and low low price, if not for the distance and location, he would have been the #1 choice for hair transplant for everyone.


Today we are talking all about setting GOALS! When I think about goals, I think of being a child – when it seems like the whole world is your oyster. I think one of the most amazing things about kids is that they dream, and they dream BIG. One day they want to be an astronaut, the next day they want to save the world. But somewhere along our journey of life, we are taught that such big dreams aren't achievable, and that we should "be more realistic". This makes a lot of us dream less and set smaller goals because we switch our focus in life to just going with the flow and letting life take us where it needs to. We settle into daily routines, because we find it hard to go after new goals that may involve going outside of our comfort zones.
In today's post, I'm going to share my tips on how to set goals so that we can all continue to dream as big as we want to, because GUESS WHAT? Even as an adult, the world is still your oyster! There are still endless possibilities ahead for you and it is never too late to reach for the stars! We're also going to talk about "smaller" goals – maybe all you want is to start making your days more productive. How do we set goals to focus on those things we want to change, and what steps do we take to achieve them?
Figure out what you want to achieve.
This may seem like a no-brainer, but in order to properly set your goals, you first need to figure out what it is you want to achieve. What is the END-GOAL that you want to reach? Is it becoming a doctor, creating more balance in your life, or building your brand as a blogger? Whatever it may be, this is the time to look at the big picture and figure out what you want to achieve in the long-run.
Break your goal down into actionable steps!
Once you know what your end-goal is, most people tend to imagine a straight line from where they are now to where they want to be. That my friends, is setting yourself up for failure. Saying you want to create more balance in your life and expecting to achieve that right away without a more detailed plan is not going to get you anywhere. The best way to achieve your end-goal is to break it down into SMALL, ACTIONABLE STEPS. For example, if your overall goal is to achieve balance in your life, you may want to start with smaller goals such as spending 5 minutes each morning meditating before you start your day, making healthier food choices, or joining a yoga class. The purpose of setting all of these smaller goals is so that once you achieve all of them, you will have achieved your end-goal.
Trying to complete these small, actionable steps that stand between you and your end goal can be hard. Many of us are procrastinators at best, which means that we may sit on the idea of joining a yoga class for months before we ever start to look into yoga studios that interest us. And even when we finally get the membership, it can be daunting to try to build new habits – in fact, you likely won't be perfect at it right away. You may miss a few classes, or you may sit on your mat frustrated that you can't hold all the poses like others around you. Getting into a new routine can take weeks or even months. That's why we so often find our goals sitting on the back burner while our big picture goals go untouched. So how do we strategize to make sure we aren't consumed by these setbacks? SET DEADLINES for yourself. Moreover, set realistic deadlines for yourself. Give yourself a certain amount of time to achieve each small step so that you are more motivated to take action in a timely manner.
Okay, so we've broken our end-goal down into small, actionable steps and set deadlines for each of them. Now what? It's so easy to keep pushing back your deadlines because you aren't being proactive. So how do we avoid that? Be accountable. Write down your goals and their deadlines, put it out to the universe, share it with a friend and be accountable! Have a system in place to make sure you stay accountable. Perhaps that means sharing your plan with a close friend and having them check in with you a week before each deadline and on the deadline, itself. This also includes PERSONAL ACCOUNTABILITY. No more excuses, hold yourself accountable to the deadlines that you've set.
A great way to maintain personal accountability and keep moving forward to your end-goal is to EVALUATE AND REFLECT often. The frequency of these evaluations may be different for each person – some may only need to evaluate and reflect every 2 weeks, while others may need some time to reflect every day. What happens during this time is crucial to your success – use this time to reflect on your progress so far and evaluate how far you need to go to check off each step towards your end-goal. Sometimes this process involves creating even smaller actionable steps to help you progress towards the end-goal more effectively. Other times this may involve realizing that the small steps you initially outlined may not be the best way to achieve your end-goal and therefore you need to change them. Whatever it may be, effectively carrying out this step is a huge part of the process in achieving your end-goal.
What if you just have "smaller" goals? These 5 steps STILL work. Saying you just want your morning to be more productive isn't as simple as it sounds. You can still use this process to implement small changes that add up to the end-goal. For example, start by waking up 5 minutes earlier, then maybe implement a strategy to boost your energy in the morning, then set a goal to achieve at least 2 things on your to-do list by 11am. And then be accountable – evaluate your progress after a while and see what's working and what needs to be changed to help you be more productive.
So now that you've set these 5 steps into motion, what's next? SLAY THOSE GOALS!! These steps set you up for success in setting, carrying out, and achieving your goals. So dream big, set your goals, and enjoy the journey.
Let me know what end-goals you're striving for in the comments down below.


reasonably priced, very friendly atmosphere.
The salon was terrific and Gale -- who did my eyelash extensions - - was amazing!!!
I got so many compliments on my hair. The hair was cut to my face and I loved that the hair dresser gave her input on how to cut my hair.
Gail did an AMAZING job!! Would definitely go back!!
Not very friendly greeting when you walk in.
Gail was wonderful. She did a great job on my daughter's hair. She was professional and answered all of our questions.
A gold mermaid watches out over the bustling activity inside NY Splash Beauty Salon. As jets of water splash up against the gilded sculpture, clients seated at the reception bar relax before and after treatments, soaking in the sounds of tiny crashing waves. During appointments, stylists pamper patrons above the neck with haircuts, color treatments, and makeup applications. On the spa side, nail technicians clip, buff, and coat keratin covers with vibrant hues. Their waxing experts remove unwanted follicles from legs, arms, and faces in procedures that take less time than shaving or securing an eviction notice for squatting hairs.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Ny Splash Salon.


text:
Q: Schema design for B2B site with varying products using Keystone 6 I am building a B2B wholesale site using Nextjs and Apollo Client for the front-end, with Keystonejs running the backend. This question is more for the backend and setting up the schema for Keystonejs.
This site is based off of a tutorial from Wes Bos, https://advancedreact.com/. I was hoping to expand upon the idea and have been mostly successful thus far. Until I realized that product entry was not going to be as easy as his example.
First off excuse my ignorance with the backend of this project as I may use the wrong terminology. I say schema but maybe I mean database design? I know Keystone refers to them also as lists. So Product, CartItem, Order are all lists. Like so:
export const Product = list({
  fields: {
    name: text({ validation: { isRequired: true } }),
    slug: text({ isIndexed: 'unique', label: 'Pretty URL)'}),
    hotdeal: checkbox({ label: 'Hot Deal?' }),
    inventory: decimal(),
    price: integer(),
    category: relationship({
      ref: 'Category.product',
    }),
    photo: relationship({
      ref: 'ProductImage.product',
      many: true,
      ui: {
        displayMode: 'cards',
        cardFields: ['image', 'altText'],
        inlineCreate: { fields: ['image', 'altText'] },
        inlineEdit: { fields: ['image', 'altText'] },
      },
    }),
  }
});

My products are going to have several categories. And within each category products will have different fields in Keystone. For example we may have a category for laptops. Then another category for t-shirts. The product fields for the laptop may be:

*

*Brand

*Model

*Name

*Price

*CPU

*Memory

*Screen size

T-shirt product fields may have:

*

*Name

*Size

*Color

*Material

*Price

You can see the only common fields they share are Name and Price. So having a schema for just product didn't work. Because filling out a form for a laptop that shows size, color and material wouldn't make sense. Nor would seeing a field for CPU/memory/screen size make sense when entering a new t-shirt.
I thought I could create separate schema for each category. So, the unique fields for each category did not show up in other categories. Then I would create a main Product schema file that had a relationship with each category. But to me it just sounds overly complex and not scalable as new categories may be added.
So how do I go about setting up the schema in a way that makes sense for unique products, so that product entry within Keystone isn't just a never-ending form with every possible product field? But a flexible and scalable approach. Maybe my tool is limited, and it just isn't possible with Keystone.
NOTE: This is not a full-blown ecommerce site. No transactions or sales will be made online. It will just handle the orders.
Here is a link to my repo. https://github.com/brudolph/green-mountain-cannabis/tree/main/backend
UPDATE: So with the answer @Molomby gave it had me thinking on how the relationship between the parent class Product and the subclasses, ShirtProduct and LaptopProduct woul;d work.
So like you mention @Molomby I have the Product class and ShirtProduct and LaptopProduct subclasses. With each subclass referencing the Product class through the relationship field. But it's just a one-sided relationship. To make it two-sided so Product knows about the subclasses it seems I will need a relationship field for each subclass in Product (see example below). Am I correct in that assumption? Which doesn't sound very scalable. My client mentioned being able to add new categories which is possible since I have a Category list but then I would need to create the new category class each time. So for example he adds "dog-food", I would need to create DogFoodProduct class.
export const Product = list({
  fields: {
    name: text({ validation: { isRequired: true } }),
    slug: text({ isIndexed: 'unique', label: 'Pretty URL)'}),
    hotdeal: checkbox({ label: 'Hot Deal?' }),
    inventory: decimal(),
    price: integer(),
    category: relationship({
      ref: 'Category.product',
    }),
    shirt: relationship({
      ref: 'ShirtProduct',
    }),
    laptop: relationship({
      ref: 'LaptopProduct',
    }),
    dogFood: relationship({
      ref: 'DogFoodProduct',
    }),
    photo: relationship({
      ref: 'ProductImage.product',
      many: true,
      ui: {
        displayMode: 'cards',
        cardFields: ['image', 'altText'],
        inlineCreate: { fields: ['image', 'altText'] },
        inlineEdit: { fields: ['image', 'altText'] },
      },
    }),
  }
});

A: TL;DR: This is a common problem in data modeling. If you have time to build one, Keystone's custom field types are the solution I'd suggest for this use case. See my notes towards the end.

The issue you've struck on is a well recognised problem when attempting to map a class hierarchy to tables in a relational database (or lists in a Keystone schema, which is effectively the same thing). I've actually written about it before in the context of user types.
In this case you have a Product class with LaptopProduct and ShirtProduct subclasses. Whether you're thinking about these as classes in JavaScript/TypeScript is besides the point – conceptually they're still related classes of things. You want to treat all products alike sometimes but shirts and laptops have behaviours or data specific only to them.
There's few ways of coming at it:
Single Table Inheritance
A single "wide" table (or Keystone list) with the all fields needed across all subclasses. Then, when you're dealing with subclass specific behaviour, you just ignore all the properties you don't care about.
Sounds like you've already considered this and ruled it out:

So having a schema for just product didn't work. Because filling out a form for a laptop that shows size, color and material wouldn't make sense. Nor would seeing a field for CPU/memory/screen size make sense when entering a new t-shirt.

And yeah, it can work ok for a small number of subclasses or where the difference between subclasses is small but generally it doesn't scale well. In addition to having a super bloated form in the Keystone Admin UI, you'll also get conflicts when naming different fields. Say you wanted to add a color field for laptop with different options to the shirt color field, you get a conflict. So maybe prefix all your fields with the subclass to avoid conflicts (so shirt_color and laptop_color)? But then you want to add a HoodieProduct that does use the same shirt colors... it gets complicated quickly.
Multiple Table Inheritance
A single table/list for the parent class that includes the common fields, then another table/list for each subclass.
This is the second option you mention:

I thought I could create separate schema for each category. So, the unique fields for each category did not show up in other categories. Then I would create a main Product schema file that had a relationship with each category. But to me it just sounds overly complex and not scalable as new categories may be added.

It's a bit more complicated than the "single table" approach but more scalable – you're less limited by the number of subclasses and the difference between them. In Keystone your Admin UI experience will still be a bit clunky as you'll need to click through to the category-specific fields in the other lists (unless you customise your Admin UI to avoid this). The database also has to do slightly more work as it needs to lookup in two tables to get a single product. Still, it's nice that you have a single productId and all your common fields in once place.
Concrete Table Inheritance
In this solution you completely split the subclasses apart, duplicating the common schema to each one, like this. In your example, this would mean having LaptopProduct and ShirtProduct lists but no shared Product list.
This would arguably give you the best "out of the box" Admin UI experience (as each product category would have a single create/edit form, with the correct fields) but it makes a lot of other things harder as it prevents you from really doing anything with "products" in the generic sense. A list like Orders for example, now needs to link to each product category separately. If you're using CUIDs for your primary keys (the default in Keystone), your product IDs will still all be unique but everywhere you reference one you also need to record its category so you know which list to look it up in.

Those are the classic solutions to the problem. Unfortunately, Keystone doesn't have a simple out-of-the-box solution to completely solve this dilemma but it does give you some additional ways to work around it:
Json Field
If you're ok with your category-specific fields being a bit looser you could use a Json field. Out of the box this is going to appear in the Admin UI as a text area but it would still be possible to add validation based on the product category selected. So, for example, when a new shirt product was created you could use a hook to default the field contents to:
{
    "size": "M",
    "color": "white",
    "material": "cotton"
}

This would at least give you a bit of structure to work within while editing.
Custom Fields
Improving on the above, Keystone lets you create custom field types that could do a good job here. You could, for example, extend the Json field type but customise how it was rendered in the Admin UI to use real fields for the different options. In this scenario the "common" product fields and a category field would still be in the main list schema then all the category specific stuff would be implemented by the field type.
Today, this is probably the best solution for the use case you've outlined.
Future Tech
The Keystone team is working on a way of combining the flexibility of Json fields with graphQL typing to validate and enforce a particular structure and generated forms in the Admin UI. Its referenced  here and mentioned in the roadmap:

Nested fields
Sometimes you need to manage data in structures that are nested and/or repeating. We're working on a way to define these in schema and have them stored as JSON field in the database.

There's currently no ETA but, if you're interested, follow the project on GitHub to be notified of releases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"1) Except [for] the fossil fuel borne CO2-emissions by the livestock industry (production, processing and commercialization of meat and milk) and except [for] some unique biosphere borne CO2-emissions, associated with land use change (e.g. deforestation), domestic animal husbandry is totally "climate neutral" (using a controversial terminology, only justified under the assumption of any measurable effect of anthropogenic GHG-emissions on global temperature). Why? Because all the CO2 emitted by forage digestion and respiration had previously been captured from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Therefore, not a single CO2 molecule is added additionally to the atmosphere that had not been there before, recently.
2) This is also true for the methane produced by internal fermentation. Methane derives from organic substances originating from recent photosynthetic processes. And – as Richard Douthwaite from Ireland correctly points out in his letter (page 11) – methane molecules in the air are oxidized to CO2 and water at the end of their residence time in the atmosphere, closing the cycle. As a matter of fact the methane concentration has stabilized or even passed its peak just at the beginning of the new millennium. So obviously, just as much methane is oxidized in the atmosphere as is added to the air per unit of time. The resulting CO2 is available to be re-captured by photosynthesis. Therefore animal borne methane (how much its proportion ever may be among the total global methane emissions), just like CO2, forms part of a natural cycle, and not a single methane molecule is added additionally to the atmosphere by rumen fermentation that had not been there before, recently, unless livestock numbers increase.
3) The European satellite ENVISAT measured over a three years period the world wide close-to-the-surface-methane-concentrations. The average values are shown in figure 2 (source: University of Bremen <http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de:80/sciamachy/NIR_NADIR_WFM_DOAS/>). Not even international organizations like the IPCC or FAO seem to have taken notice of the fact, that even the humid tropical forests do obviously emit far more methane than grazing cattle. How can the big grazing areas of the world (Australia, Southern Latin America, South and East Africa, and Western United States with hundreds of millions of cattle) and even India with the highest cattle density worldwide show such low methane concentrations? Something wrong with the theory?
a) How can the FAO claim that 25% of the domestic-livestock-borne CO2-equivalents originate from internal fermentation (methane), considering what has been outlined in the paragraphs 2 and 3? Just like CO2-emissions from the biosphere, animal borne methane emissions are part of a natural steady state equilibrium. So the 25% should be corrected to 0% as long as livestock numbers are constant.
So definitely there is no need at all to be concerned about our livestock's emissions of so called Greenhouse Gases! We won't save the planet distorting ourselves in an effort to teach our cattle how to emit less methane. And we will not harm the planet when we go on with our cattle industry business as usual. Let's just rebut unqualified attacks (unfortunately also originating from such prominent organizations as the FAO) on our livelihood! The sound arguments are ours." From CCNet today. Profile of Dr. Glatzle here.


McCafé invites coffee drinkers in Craig, Colorado and across the United States to wake up and taste the free coffee.
According to a national press release, beginning Monday, customers are encouraged to stop by their local participating McDonald's restaurant for a freshly brewed small McCafé coffee during McDonald's first-ever national Free Coffee Event.
Free McCafé coffee is available during breakfast hours from Monday to April 13 in participating restaurants.
McDonald's also is offering a "Make Friends with McCafé" sampling event from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday on the corner of 19th and Wazee streets in downtown Denver during the Colorado Rockies Home Opener festivities.
McCafé also will surprise a Twitter follower every day until April 13 with a chance to win a free McCafé coffee every week for a full year.
For more information, follow @McD_Colorado.
U.S. Sen. Michael Bennet, D-Colo., is encouraging thousands of Coloradans to claim $14 million in tax refunds from 2010 before it's too late.
According to a press release from Bennet's office, the Internal Revenue Service estimates that 17,000 Coloradans have not claimed their 2010 refunds and that at least half of these unclaimed refunds are more than $560 each, totaling as much as $14 million throughout the state.
The deadline to claim a 2010 refund is April 15.
To claim their refund, taxpayers must file a 2010 tax return. Taxpayers seeking a 2010 refund may have their checks held if they have not filed tax returns for 2011 and 2012.
IRS Free File is available to individuals making $58,000 or less in 2013. Individuals making more than $58,000 still can use the Free File site to fill out their tax forms and file their tax return.
For more information, visit http://bennet.senate.gov/taxassistance or http://www.irs.gov/Refunds.


Direction (1-10): In a passage given below there are 10 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (a), (b), (c) and(d). You have to choose which word will best suit to the respective blank. Choose (e) as your answer if the word given in the bold after the blank is your answer i.e "No change requires".
Loss-making carrier Jet Airways is in discussions with the State Bank of India for raising Rs 1,500 crore short-term loan to _(1)_[perform]_its working capital requirement and some payment obligations, a source said. Jet Airways strategic partner and Middle-east carrier Etihad, which holds 24 per cent stake in the Indian full _(2)_[help]_carrier, is likely to provide _(3)_[pledge]_for the loan, he said. Significantly, the talks for availing loan are going on at a time when Etihad Airways is carrying (4)_[with]_a forensic audit of the Jet Airways on the orders of the airline's largest lender for alleged_(5)_[abnormalities]_. "Jet Airways is _(6)_[with]_discussions with its largest lender SBI for raising short-term loans worth Rs 1,500 crore. The airline is looking to mop up these funds to meet its working capital requirement as well as for meeting some payment obligations. Jet Airways is expected to provide Etihad Airways' guarantee for this_(7)_[investing]_," an airline source told.
The NareshGoyal-controlled airline, which has posted three consecutive quarterly losses of over Rs 1,000 crore each since March, already has as much as Rs 8,052 of debt on its books as on September 30. Rating agency ICRA has already cut the rating on Jet Airways borrowing programmes. "Jet Airways has been seeking these funds as its earlier proposal of raising USD 350 million Etihad-guaranteed loan from overseas lenders is still at the _(8)_[debates]_table and expected to take time," the source said who is privy to both the discussions.
With its financials in perils and the airline facing cash drought, promoter Goyal is looking to infuse capital in a manner where he does not have to lose _(9)_[rule]_of the Jet Airways, which he set up 25 years ago.
At an emergency board meeting late this month, he asked his team to look for alternate routes of funding while resurrecting the airline. His airline has already held preliminary level discussions with Tata Group for a possible stake sale a couple of months ago. However, reportedly "unhappy" over the deal, he turned back to his Gulf friend once again to _(10)_[recover]_the airline.
According to the sentence "meet" will be used as it means "Fulfill or satisfy (a need, requirement, or condition)".
According to the sentence "service" will be used as it means "The action of helping or doing work for someone".
According to the sentence "guarantee" will be used as it means "A formal assurance (typically in writing) that certain conditions will be fulfilled".
According to the sentence "out" will be used as the meaning of "carry out" is "to do a particular piece of work, research etc".
According to the sentence "irregularities" will be used as the meaning of "irregularity" is "A thing that is irregular in form or nature".
According to the sentence "in" will be used as the meaning of preposition "in" is "appearing in / taking part in".
According to the sentence "financing" will be used as financing is the process of providing funds for business activities.
According to the sentence "negotiations" will be used as the meaning of "negotiation" is "Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement".
According to the sentence "control" will be used as it means "The power to influence or direct people's behaviour or the course of events".
According to the sentence "rescue" will be used as it means "Save (someone) from a dangerous or difficult situation".
Direction (1-10): In a passage given below there are 10 blanks, each followed by a word given in bold. Even blank has four alternative words given in options (a), (b), (c) and(d). You have to choose which word will best suit to the respective blank. Choose (e) as your answer if the word given in the bold after the blank is your answer i.e "No change requires".
Loss-making carrier Jet Airways is in discussions with the State Bank of India for raising Rs 1,500 crore short-term loan to _(1)_[perform]_its working capital requirement and some payment obligations, a source said.
Jet Airways strategic partner and Middle-east carrier Etihad, which holds 24 per cent stake in the Indian full _(2)_[help]_carrier, is likely to provide _(3)_[pledge]_for the loan, he said.
Significantly, the talks for availing loan are going on at a time when Etihad Airways is carrying (4)_[with]_a forensic audit of the Jet Airways on the orders of the airline's largest lender for alleged_(5)_[abnormalities]_.
"Jet Airways is _(6)_[with]_discussions with its largest lender SBI for raising short-term loans worth Rs 1,500 crore. The airline is looking to mop up these funds to meet its working capital requirement as well as for meeting some payment obligations. Jet Airways is expected to provide Etihad Airways' guarantee for this_(7)_[investing]_," an airline source told.
The NareshGoyal-controlled airline, which has posted three consecutive quarterly losses of over Rs 1,000 crore each since March, already has as much as Rs 8,052 of debt on its books as on September 30. Rating agency ICRA has already cut the rating on Jet Airways borrowing programmes.
"Jet Airways has been seeking these funds as its earlier proposal of raising USD 350 million Etihad-guaranteed loan from overseas lenders is still at the _(8)_[debates]_table and expected to take time," the source said who is privy to both the discussions.
His airline has already held preliminary level discussions with Tata Group for a possible stake sale a couple of months ago. However, reportedly "unhappy" over the deal, he turned back to his Gulf friend once again to _(10)_[recover]_the airline.


Kids Can Build and Store Their LEGO Creations With The Maker's Chest!
Diamond won the Folding Carton of the Year Award for Elizabeth Arden's Limited Edition Sunflowers packaging.
Versatile bonding for lightweight components–New materials are making cars, planes and all sorts of other things lighter.
… we define what spot varnish (aka UV coating) is, and how to specify to your printer where you'd like the glossy finish to show up while using Adobe Illustrator.
UV coatings for transformers are a "suitable alternative to solvent-based coating products," says William Goughenour, Senior Coatings Analyst at C-Care.


Developments in vehicle technology reveal that increased demands on vehicle comfort and fuel efficiency in the vehicles require to design more efficient powertrain systems. Vibrations originated in the engine need to be well optimized and controlled at desired limits. For this purpose, modal analyis for vehicle components is the main analysis method to evaluate the vibration behaviours. During vehicle design, important parameters for vehicle vibration such as inertia and stiffness are investigated and modified values to be replaced to get lower vibration values by means of the modal analysis. In this study, the truck powertrain system is modelled with real system values by the 1-D analysis software program and modal analysis is performed to find mode shapes and vibration magnitudes of the powertrain system components. Mode shapes of the clutch damper was investigated by changing damper stiffness values and the other components variables were taken constant to evaluate the stiffness effects on the system by modal analysis.
REFERENCES 1.	Smith, R., 'Changing the Effective Mass to Control Resonance Problems.' Sound and Vibrations, no:242, 14-17, 2001.
2.	Acar, H. , Gul, C. ,Avcı, M., 'Clutch Disc Torsionel Characteristics Optimization to Reduce Idle and Gear Rattle on Passenger Car.' International Automotive Congress, Belgrade-Serbia, 22-28, 14-15 April, 2015.
3.	Sofian, M., Hazry D, Ishak, I., 'A Study of Vibration Analysis for Gearbox Casing Using Finite Element Analysis.' Proceedings of International Conference on Applications and Design in Mechanical Engineering ,Malaysia, 10E1-10E7, 2009.
4.	Brandt, A. ,Lagö, T. ,Ahlin, K. ,Tuma, J., 'Main Principles and Limitations of Current Order Tracking Methods.' Sound and Vibrations, no:281, 19-22, 2005. 5.	Keeney, S. , Shih, S., 'Prediction and Control of Heavy Duty Powertrain Torsional Vibration.' Rockwell International, 1992-11-01, 922481, 1992.
6.	Jadhav, S. 2014. 'Powertrain NVH Analysis Including Clutch and Gear Dynamics.' SAE Technical Paper Series.
7.	Hwang, S. , Stout, J. , Ling, C., 'Modeling and Analysis of Powertrain Torsional Response.' SAE Technical Paper Series, 1998-02-23, 980276, 1998.
8.	Miyasato, H. , Siminatto, G. , Junior, M., 'Study of the Gear Rattle Phenomena in Automotive Powertrain Systems.' 21st International Congress of Mechanical Engineering, Natal-Brazil, 24-28 October, 2011.
9.	Mazzei, A. , Alzahabi, B. , Natarajan, L.K. 2002. 'Analysis of Drivetrain Bending Response For a Heavy Truck Driveline.' SAE Technical Paper Series.
10.	Miyasato, H. , Siminatto, G. , Junior, M., 'Linear Powertrain Models For NVH Phenomena Evaluation.' International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics', Buzios-Brazil, 143-152, 17-22 February, 2013.
11.	Skup, Z., 'Damping of Vibrations in a Power Transmission System Containing a Friction Clutch.' Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 43(4), 875-892, 2005.
12.	Gambino, C., 'Vibration Damping Via Acoustic Treatment Attached to Vehicle Body Panels.' University of Windsor, Master thesis, Engineering department, Windsor-Canada, 2015. 13.	M. Y. Wang, W. Zhao, and R. Manoj, "Numerical modelling and analysis of automotive transmission rattle," Journal of Vibration and Control, Cilt no:8, 921–943, 2002.
14.	P. Fietkau and B. Bertsche, "Influence of tribological and geometrical parameters on lubrication conditions and noise of gear transmissions," Mechanism and Machine Theory, Cilt no: 69, 303–320, 2013.
15.	C. Canudas-de-Wit, P. Tsiotras, E. Velenis, M. Basset, and G. Gissinger, "Dynamic friction models for road/tire longitudinal interaction," Vehicle System Dynamics, no: 39, 189– 226, 2003. 16.	D. Centea, H. Rahnejat, and M. T. Menday, "Non-linear multibodydynamic analysis for the study of clutch torsional vibrations (judder)," Applied Mathematical Modelling, no:25, 177–192, 2001.
17.	G. Zhao, Z. Jiang, and L.Chen, "Linear analysis for performance of dual mass flywheel with centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers system," Telkomnika—Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, no:11, 2371–2376, 2013.


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Chickadee by Cathy Weaver - 10" x 8"
Chickadee poster by Cathy Weaver. Our posters are produced on acid-free papers using archival inks to guarantee that they last a lifetime without fading or loss of color. All posters include a 1" white border around the image to allow for future framing and matting, if desired.
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Once robots are integrated into the Internet of Things, they can perform tasks automatically.
Aug 01, 2012—For the past decade, researchers have been building mechanisms to enable the Internet of Things (IoT), a network of networks that promises to connect everything and everyone everywhere to everything and everyone else. Radio frequency identification is one of the backbones of the IoT, alongside Internet Protocol version 6, bar codes, Quick Response codes and active sensors. RFID uniquely identifies objects and people, linking them to digital information and bringing them into the network. Essentially, this serves as the IoT's eyes and ears, providing continuous awareness of where, and in which context, things and products are in the real world.
But the IoT is still missing the arms and legs to take action automatically. So far, screens and displays alert humans to, say, bring goods from one place to another. If RFID-enabled robots equipped with sensors could be integrated into the IoT, they could act automatically and, potentially, navigate in a smart environment faster, more safely and more accurately than humans.
The Auto-ID Lab at the University of St. Gallen/ETH Zurich is working with the Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control and The Internet of Things Council to investigate how IoT-instrumented environments could inform and guide robots with highly specific information in a targeted manner. Object recognition is a key unresolved challenge for robotics, but an RFID chip can provide information about, for example, a cup's color, size and weight. In addition, repetitive actions can be stored in knowledge repositories with their situational context, opening the door to further performance increases through learning and data mining.
Once robots get networked into the IoT, they can receive instructions and guidance from the network. The IoT, for example, could inform a service robot that an office waste bin is full. The network could help the robot navigate by passing commands to the building elevator. Once the robot reaches the waste bin, the IoT could point to the location of replacement garbage bags. Or, the robot could proactively discover and use information from the IoT to autonomously perform tasks. As part of a cleaning routine operation, for example, the robot could query the network to report about the state of all waste bins in the office building, enabling the robot to plan its path accordingly.
Our goal is to move beyond a robot- or cloud-centric vision of robotics toward an integrated solution as part of the Internet of Things. This will leverage the role of robots to turn information into action, to act as physical servants for IoT applications and to become actors querying IoT infrastructure to perform their tasks.
Florian Michahelles is associate director of the St. Gallen/ETH Zurich Auto-ID Lab. Rob van Kranenburg is the founder of The Internet of Things Council think tank. Markus Waibel is a senior researcher at the ETH Zurich Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control, and the program manager at RoboEarth.


text:
Q: Swagger-codegen-js not finding not translating the response schema defined on the api endpoint Summary
I am using swagger-codegen-js to generate typescript files according to the swagger.json defined by an external api.
packages used
"swagger-js-codegen": "^1.12.0",
Alleged Problem
The return type on the method listMovies on the generated TS file is simply Promise<Request.Response> and not Promise<Array<Movie>>, i did expect it to be array of movies as the response clearly state the schema and thought/assumed that would be translated.
Given a json along the lines of the following, the
 "/movies": {
    "get": {
      "description": "Lists movies",
      "operationId": "listMovies",
      "responses": {
        "200": {
          "description": "Movie",
          "schema": {
            "type": "array",
            "items": {
              "$ref": "#/definitions/Movie"
            }
          }
        },
        "default": {
          "$ref": "#/responses/genericError"
        }
      }
    },
 "definitions": {
  "Movie": {
    "description": "something",
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "archivedAt": {
        "description": "When the movie was archived",
        "type": "string",
        "format": "nullable-date-time",
        "x-go-name": "ArchivedAt",
        "readOnly": true
      }
  }
}

Generated TS Method
 /**
 * Lists movies
 * @method
 * @name Api#listMovies
 */
listMovies(parameters: {
    $queryParameters ? : any,
    $domain ? : string
}): Promise <request.Response> {
    const domain = parameters.$domain ? parameters.$domain : this.domain;
    let path = '/movies';
    .
    .
    .
        this.request('GET', domain + path, body, headers, queryParameters, form, reject, resolve);
    });
}

The script i use to generate the above ts file is straight from the github sample
const generateTSFilesUsingSwaggerJsCodegen = function () {
var fs = require('fs');
var CodeGen = require('swagger-js-codegen').CodeGen;

var file = 'build/sample.json';
var swagger = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'UTF-8'));
var tsSourceCode = CodeGen.getTypescriptCode({ className: 'Api', swagger: swagger, imports: ['../../typings/tsd.d.ts'] });
fs.writeFileSync('src/api/api.ts', tsSourceCode)

}
Am i missing something on the wire up/options passed or is this the expected generated file given the json file and that i need to write custom script to get what I want?

A: It is only possible to edit the codegen to change this.
But you can just use the body of the return value
<restMethod>(<paramters>).then(respose: <request.Response>) {
  let responseObject: Array<ListMovies> = response.body as Array<ListMovies>;
  ...
}

If you want to adapt the codegen, pull it from git and change the following files:
lib/codegen.js:
var getViewForSwagger2 = function(opts, type){
var swagger = opts.swagger;
var methods = [];
var authorizedMethods = ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH', 'COPY', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'LINK', 'UNLIK', 'PURGE', 'LOCK', 'UNLOCK', 'PROPFIND'];
var data = {
    isNode: type === 'node' || type === 'react',
    isES6: opts.isES6 || type === 'react',
    description: swagger.info.description,
    isSecure: swagger.securityDefinitions !== undefined,
    moduleName: opts.moduleName,
    className: opts.className,
    imports: opts.imports,
    domain: (swagger.schemes && swagger.schemes.length > 0 && swagger.host && swagger.basePath) ? swagger.schemes[0] + '://' + swagger.host + swagger.basePath.replace(/\/+$/g,'') : '',
    methods: [],
    definitions: []
};

_.forEach(swagger.definitions, function(definition, name){
    data.definitions.push({
        name: name,
        description: definition.description,
        tsType: ts.convertType(definition, swagger)
    });
});

the last _.forEach is moved from the bottom of the method to here.
var method = {
            path: path,
            className: opts.className,
            methodName: methodName,
            method: M,
            isGET: M === 'GET',
            isPOST: M === 'POST',
            summary: op.description || op.summary,
            externalDocs: op.externalDocs,
            isSecure: swagger.security !== undefined || op.security !== undefined,
                          isSecureToken: secureTypes.indexOf('oauth2') !== -1,
                          isSecureApiKey: secureTypes.indexOf('apiKey') !== -1,
                          isSecureBasic: secureTypes.indexOf('basic') !== -1,
            parameters: [],
            responseSchema: {},
            headers: []
        };
        if (op.responses && op.responses["200"]) {
            method.responseSchema = ts.convertType(op.responses["200"], swagger);
        } else {
            method.responseSchema = {
                "tsType": "any"
            }
        }

this is starting at line 102. add responseSchema to method and append the if / else
templates/typescript-class.mustache (line 68)
resolve(response.body);

templates/typescript-method.mustache (line 69)
}): Promise<{{#responseSchema.isRef}}{{responseSchema.target}}{{/responseSchema.isRef}}{{^responseSchema.isRef}}{{responseSchema.tsType}}{{/responseSchema.isRef}}{{#responseSchema.isArray}}<{{responseSchema.elementType.target}}>{{/responseSchema.isArray}}> {

That only works for simple types, Object types and arrays of simple / object types. I did not implement the enum types.

A: That seems like the expected behaviour.
The TypeScript Mustache template outputs a fixed value:
    ...
}): Promise<request.Response> {
    ...


text:
Q: How to avoid adding duplicate items in a Combobox in VB? I have a Combobox on my form for the user to select items in a drop-down box, also they are allowed to enter their own input. I need the user to add items to a combobox without adding a duplicate item already displayed.
For example:
the combobox has a list of dog breeds such as (pug, boxer, pitbull). So how do I not allow the user to enter "pug" when they type that into the combobox?
I'm coding in Visual Basic,
Thank You!!!!

A: Use the code
ComboBox1.items.clear()

under your code

A: i have tried it. This works.
And i am only assuming that u want an exception when duplicated value is entered. Following is the code and it is in the Combobox1.Validating event.
Private Sub ComboBox1_Validating(sender As Object, e As System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.Validating
        For Each item As String In ComboBox1.Items
            If item.ToLower.Contains(ComboBox1.Text.ToLower) Then
                MsgBox("Duplicate value: there's already '" & item & "' in the list. Please select from the list.", MsgBoxStyle.Exclamation, "Dog Breed")
                ComboBox1.Text = ""
                Exit For
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

For more information about Validating event, search for yourself. Thanks!


The Ohio Pharmacists Association will be holding this year's Annual Young Pharmacist Leadership Conference September 16-17, at OPA's new office in Columbus. The Conference will provide pharmacists, who have been practicing fewer than 10 years, the opportunity to develop leadership and organizational skills for personal and professional growth. OPA officers and staff members will share their insights on the value of actively participating in professional associations.
If you would like to nominate a young pharmacist, email us with the candidate's name, address, city, state, zip, email, phone number, university attended and year of graduation at abennett@ohiopharmacists.org. Include your name and contact information as well. Please respond by July 15.
Approximately one-third of the attendees have later served leadership positions in OPA, with five having served as President!


text:
Metal Gear Solid 5: Exclusive Kojima Q&A on the TGS Demo (now in 1080p)
A little help from my friends.
By Peter Brown on September 25, 2014 at 1:42PM PDT
Metal Gear Solid 5 1080p Gameplay Trailer
Metal Gear Solid V's barely-clad female sniper, Quiet, made a lot of people uncomfortable when she made her debut at E3 2013. Though Metal Gear creator Hideo Kojima has never shied away from featuring the female body in the past, Quiet isn't quite a poster of a bikini model tucked away in a random enemy soldier's locker; she's pitched as a prominent figure in the game. Not deaf to the criticism, Kojima made a point to explain that she's designed to be sexy, not erotic, and the lead artist Yoji Shinkawa elaborated that many things in the game can be viewed as "sexy," including weapons and vehicles, alluding to the way aficionados might refer to a Ferrari or a high-powered rifle in the real world.
After more than a year with nary a word regarding Quiet, Kojima unleashed a torrent of fresh Metal Gear Solid V content at the Tokyo Game Show last week, including the reveal that Snake will also be near-topless at times in The Phantom Pain.
That revelation was just the start of the demo, and there was so much more to see, including the reveal of the game's buddy system, which allows the player to take an A.I. driven companion such as Quiet into the field. As seen in the 1080p video above, she proves to be a valuable ally by marking, distracting, and taking out enemies standing in Snake's way.
The buddy system opens the door for many possibilities and the demo above raises many questions. Kojima was available during TGS last week to answer some of our questions, and his responses shed light on Quiet, her relationship to Snake, and the extent to which you'll be able to take advantage of the buddy system.
GameSpot: Relative to the rest of the cast of The Phantom Pain, based on public knowledge, Quiet is the only person with superhuman abilities that we know of. Is she one-of-a-kind within Metal Gear Solid V?
Hideo Kojima: To confirm, Quiet is not the only person with superhuman abilities, and as you can probably remember, past MGS titles have featured bosses with superhuman abilities. The Phantom Pain is no different in that respect, Snake will encounter characters with various types of powers.
Can you describe the relationship between Snake and Quiet?
The relationship will depend on the player. The game isn't linear, so there will be players who meet Quiet and get on good terms with her, and others who won't. As we've revealed in the footage at TGS, Quiet will make her way to Mother Base if certain conditions are met, but that isn't necessarily the case for everyone. Again, this is a non-linear game, so some players may never get Quiet to join them, and that's fine. The story will go on without her. Naturally, players who recruit her will be able to enjoy additional episodes with her in the game, but it's not a requirement. It's actually possible to make it to the end without Quiet.
Are any buddies a key part of the plot? Is it possible to utilize common soldiers from Mother Base within the buddy system as well?
As we've revealed at TGS, players can encounter a puppy during one of their missions and may rescue it. However, if players bring the puppy back to the Mother Base and let Ocelot raise it, it can then be used as one of your buddies. Though I should mention that some players may not find the puppy, or may choose not to save it. In that case, the dog never makes it to Mother Base and will not be available as a buddy. It's really up to the player's actions. Players have the freedom to do what they want.
For those who bring the puppy back to Mother Base, he can eventually help Snake by using his canine sense of smell. His abilities are completely different from those of Quiet and it's an example of how gameplay can vary greatly depending on the buddies you choose. As a side note, in our focus tests, even "cat people" fell in love with DD, so that's a good sign!
Generally speaking, though, buddies are not critical to the main storyline. Therefore, some players may opt to have no buddies at all. Those people will miss out on special episodes and events that only occur if you have certain buddies on your side, but players are free to choose that path if they like.
Common soldiers won't be selectable as buddies.
What happens if a buddy gets killed in the line of duty?
They die, and they stay dead. The story goes on without them.
Will the player ever get to control Quiet or other buddies directly, without Snake?
Players cannot control Quiet or other buddies without Snake. Snake is the main character.
Is there a connection between the Mother Base mechanic and the buddy system?
If players don't bring potential partners back to Mother Base and interact with them, they'll never become buddies. In that sense, there is a strong connection. For example, Quiet comes to the Mother Base as a prisoner. At first, she's always monitored and can't move freely or talk to anyone in the base. However, as you interact with her, the story gradually evolves to the point where you can bring her along as a buddy.
Likewise, players need to raise the rescued puppy, DD, and have him trained at Mother Base if they want him to become buddy material. You could say that he actually matures alongside Mother Base.
Therefore, there is certainly a relationship between Mother Base and your buddies, but it is not imposed at all. Players can continue to play through missions solo if they like, and the main story will continue onward even if they don't frequent Mother Base.
How does Snake acquire new prosthetic limbs? Is it related to weapons development and research back on Mother Base?
Yes, it is related to weapons development and R&D at Mother Base. It's very similar to the system used in Peace Walker. When players complete a mission, they receive a score and get certain rewards based on that score. Also players can earn money by completing sub-missions or gathering resources in the field, such as raw diamonds.
The combination of funds, resources, and the skills of the personnel you recruit using the Fulton, all affect the types of weapons and equipment that your R&D unit will be able to develop.
Bionic arms for snake are just one example of the items your R&D team can develop, and there are many varieties to unlock. Each variety has its own unique features that you can take advantage of to complete missions.
What are some of the key differences, in terms of gameplay scenarios, between Afghanistan and Africa?
Afghanistan is generally wide open and features good visibility. It is easy for players to spot enemies, and vice-versa. On the other hand, Africa has a lot of forested areas and jungles. There are trees to provide cover, and rainstorms are frequent. The low visibility means that there are many places for the player to hide, but on the other hand, you never know where the next threat may be lurking.
Each environment has its own missions, and lends itself to a certain type of gameplay. It's up to the player to devise strategies that work best in each situation based on environmental factors and the mission at hand.
For even more MGS news and information, check out the game's hub page.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Window callback onMenuOpened and onPanelClosed for menu inflated with toolbar I'm using view pager in my activity to show some fragments. Each fragment has a separate toolbar with separate menu options.
Implementation:
toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.my_xyz_menu_options);
toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener(this::onMenuOptionsItemSelected);
With single fragment, using the setHasOptionsMenu(true) and creating the menu from function:
onCreateOptionsMenu(@NonNull Menu menu, @NonNull MenuInflater inflater)
and setting setSupportActionBar(myToolbar) had helped me taking the call back from activity function onMenuOpened(int featureId, Menu menu) and onPanelClosed(int featureId, @NonNull Menu menu)
However, with view-pager setting offset limit to 1 only, is causing an issue with this solution.
Require way to get the callback for onMenuOpened(int featureId, Menu menu) and onPanelClosed(int featureId, @NonNull Menu menu) with my toolbar menu

A: Used the same implementation as for the single fragment described in the question and following from the fragment on page change:
 setSupportActionBar(myToolbar)

This however sometimes runs bad by not showing the menu in the fragment at whatever view pager position is scrolled first.


text:
Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval
S. K. Choy, Chong Sze TONG
The modeling of image data by a general parametric family of statistical distributions plays an important role in many applications. In this paper, we propose to adopt the three-parameter generalized Gamma density (GΓD) for modeling wavelet detail subband histograms and for texture image retrieval. The advantage of GΓD over the existing generalized Gaussian density (GGD) is that it provides more flexibility to control the shape of model which is critical for practical histogram-based applications. To measure the discrepancy between GΓDs, we use the symmetrized Kullback-Leibler distance (SKLD) and derive a closed form for the SKLD between GΓDs. Such a distance can be computed directly and effectively via the model parameters, making our proposed scheme particularly suitable for image retrieval systems with large image database. Experimental results on the well-known databases reveal the superior performance of our proposed method compared with the current existing approaches.
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400
Generalized gamma density
Texture retrieval
10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400
Dive into the research topics of 'Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Image retrieval Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Textures Engineering & Materials Science 77%
Choy, S. K., & TONG, C. S. (2010). Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 19(2), 281-289. [5272112]. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400
Choy, S. K. ; TONG, Chong Sze. / Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval. In: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2010 ; Vol. 19, No. 2. pp. 281-289.
@article{e7ce8a35119341e08e219943005a1039,
title = "Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval",
abstract = "The modeling of image data by a general parametric family of statistical distributions plays an important role in many applications. In this paper, we propose to adopt the three-parameter generalized Gamma density (GΓD) for modeling wavelet detail subband histograms and for texture image retrieval. The advantage of GΓD over the existing generalized Gaussian density (GGD) is that it provides more flexibility to control the shape of model which is critical for practical histogram-based applications. To measure the discrepancy between GΓDs, we use the symmetrized Kullback-Leibler distance (SKLD) and derive a closed form for the SKLD between GΓDs. Such a distance can be computed directly and effectively via the model parameters, making our proposed scheme particularly suitable for image retrieval systems with large image database. Experimental results on the well-known databases reveal the superior performance of our proposed method compared with the current existing approaches.",
keywords = "Generalized gamma density, Texture retrieval",
author = "Choy, {S. K.} and TONG, {Chong Sze}",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received February 16, 2009; revised September 05, 2009 First published September 29, 2009; current version published January 15, 2010. This work was supported in part by the HKBU{\textquoteright}s Centre for Mathematical Imaging and Vision and RGC GRF under Grant HKBU 202108. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Laurent Younes.",
doi = "10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Image Processing",
Choy, SK & TONG, CS 2010, 'Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 2, 5272112, pp. 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400
Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval. / Choy, S. K.; TONG, Chong Sze.
In: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 19, No. 2, 5272112, 02.2010, p. 281-289.
T1 - Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval
AU - Choy, S. K.
AU - TONG, Chong Sze
N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received February 16, 2009; revised September 05, 2009 First published September 29, 2009; current version published January 15, 2010. This work was supported in part by the HKBU's Centre for Mathematical Imaging and Vision and RGC GRF under Grant HKBU 202108. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Laurent Younes.
N2 - The modeling of image data by a general parametric family of statistical distributions plays an important role in many applications. In this paper, we propose to adopt the three-parameter generalized Gamma density (GΓD) for modeling wavelet detail subband histograms and for texture image retrieval. The advantage of GΓD over the existing generalized Gaussian density (GGD) is that it provides more flexibility to control the shape of model which is critical for practical histogram-based applications. To measure the discrepancy between GΓDs, we use the symmetrized Kullback-Leibler distance (SKLD) and derive a closed form for the SKLD between GΓDs. Such a distance can be computed directly and effectively via the model parameters, making our proposed scheme particularly suitable for image retrieval systems with large image database. Experimental results on the well-known databases reveal the superior performance of our proposed method compared with the current existing approaches.
AB - The modeling of image data by a general parametric family of statistical distributions plays an important role in many applications. In this paper, we propose to adopt the three-parameter generalized Gamma density (GΓD) for modeling wavelet detail subband histograms and for texture image retrieval. The advantage of GΓD over the existing generalized Gaussian density (GGD) is that it provides more flexibility to control the shape of model which is critical for practical histogram-based applications. To measure the discrepancy between GΓDs, we use the symmetrized Kullback-Leibler distance (SKLD) and derive a closed form for the SKLD between GΓDs. Such a distance can be computed directly and effectively via the model parameters, making our proposed scheme particularly suitable for image retrieval systems with large image database. Experimental results on the well-known databases reveal the superior performance of our proposed method compared with the current existing approaches.
KW - Generalized gamma density
KW - Texture retrieval
U2 - 10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400
DO - 10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400
JO - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Choy SK, TONG CS. Statistical wavelet subband characterization based on generalized gamma density and its application in texture retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 2010 Feb;19(2):281-289. 5272112. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2009.2033400


text:
bible study, christian living, Joy, Legalism, Philippians
Rejoice in the Lord and Guard Against Legalism: Philippians 3:1-11
Date: May 26, 2020Author: Christopher VanDusen 0 Comments
By Christopher VanDusen
Christians are supposed to be the most joyful people in the world, but sometimes we forget what our joy is based on, and try to find joy in what we've accomplished. When that happens, we find that we're dissatisfied with ourselves, since we see that even our greatest accomplishments are not only temporary, but are imperfect, and tainted by our own sinfulness. Hence, we end up with no joy at all. So why are we to be joyful, and how do we guard against seeking joy from our own conduct? The apostle Paul answers these questions in Philippians 3:1-11.
The letter to the Philippians was written by Paul while he was being held captive by the Roman government "at his own expense" in Rome (Acts 28:30, ESV). He was awaiting a hearing with the Roman Emperor to settle false charges made against him by some of his Jewish enemies. While waiting, one of the churches he had founded — located in a Roman city of northern Greece — sent one of their members to him to provide him with money and news on how they were doing, and what problems they were having.
In response, Paul wrote Philippians to express his thankfulness for them, and their support of him, and to give them instructions on how to deal with their problems. In the first chapter of the letter, Paul gives thanks for them; explains how he prays for them; describes how the Lord is using his imprisonment in Rome; and charges them to live consistent Christian lives while suffering persecution. In the second chapter, he explains to them how to be unified and loving; how to be a good witness to their unbelieving neighbors; explains his plans to send one of his representatives to them; and explains why he sent their messenger, Epaphroditus, back to them.
So, in chapter 3, Paul transitions to dealing with specific problems that he knew they were facing. The first problem he addresses is the one I described earlier — the problem of losing joy because we forgot the basis of it, and replace it with our own accomplishments. In the case of the Philippians, this temptation came in the form of people who claimed to be Christians, but didn't actually believe the gospel.
In Philippians 3:1-11, Paul explains the relationship of our joy with our accomplishments, and with the Lord Jesus Christ:
"3 Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you is no trouble to me and is safe for you.
2 Look out for the dogs, look out for the evildoers, look out for those who mutilate the flesh. 3 For we are the circumcision, who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh— 4 though I myself have reason for confidence in the flesh also. If anyone else thinks he has reason for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5 circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; 6 as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to righteousness under the law, blameless. 7 But whatever gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Christ. 8 Indeed, I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith— 10 that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, 11 that by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead." (ESV)
In this passage, Paul does five things to show the Philippians that their joy lies not in their own deeds, or themselves, but in Christ:
He Commands Them to Joy (Rejoice) in the Lord (v. 1)
He Cautions Them Against Judaizing Legalists (vss. 2-3)
He Catalogues His Jewish Accolades (vss. 4-6)
He Contrasts His Judaism with His Lord (v. 7)
He Counts Jesus Better Than All (vss. 8-11)
Paul Commands the Philippians to Joy in the Lord
Paul opens this passage by simply commanding the Philippians to rejoice in the Lord, and explains why he's doing so:
"Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you is no trouble to me and is safe for you."
He begins the second half of this letter with the word "finally", which means that he's reached the last major section of it. However, it obviously doesn't mean that he's concluding the letter, since there's one more chapter, and he uses the word "finally" again. Nevertheless, as I mentioned earlier, this is a major transition in the letter, as he begins to address specific problems in the Philippians' lives.
Although the first sentence is a command, it's not merely a command, but an appeal from a fellow brother in Christ, since he refers to the Philippians with the Greek word adelphoi, translated "brothers". Although this word is masculine, it doesn't only refer to males, but includes all who share the same Father. So I prefer the word "brethren", or "brothers and sisters". He's commanding them to rejoice as one of their brothers in God's family.
But what does Paul mean by "rejoice"? It literally means to feel an inner happiness or gladness, to such an extent that you have to express it with your body or actions. Isn't this amazing? Paul is actually commanding the Philippians to feel something. How is this possible?
It's possible because Paul doesn't just command them to "rejoice", but to "rejoice in the Lord". What does it mean to rejoice "in the Lord"? First, it means to rejoice because of the Lord. We have to remember that feelings aren't disconnected from the mind, but ought to flow from what we're thinking. Hence, Paul is calling them to think about the Lord.
But why does Paul call Jesus "the Lord" here? To call to the Philippians' minds that Jesus is the kyrios, or "supreme in authority". In other words, Jesus is in control of everything, including the Philippians' lives. Therefore, they can rejoice knowing that the One who loves them the most is controlling every aspect of their lives.
Next, Paul explains why he's commanding them to rejoice in the Lord. Thus far in this letter, he's already told them to "rejoice", so he tells them that it's no "trouble" for him to write "the same things", since it's "safe" for them for him to do so. In other words, he's going to keep reminding them of the most important things, so they don't forget, and become depressed, or fall into other sin. And one of those most important things is to "rejoice in the Lord".
Paul Cautions the Philippians Against Judaizing Legalists
In verses 2-3, Paul warns the Philippians of people who are seeking to rob them of their joy by saying,
"Look out for the dogs, look out for the evildoers, look out for those who mutilate the flesh. For we are the circumcision, who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh . . ."
Paul identifies these enemies of the Philippians with three names. The first one is "dogs". This was an insult that the Jews of that time used for non-Jews, or Gentiles. In that day, dogs weren't commonly used as pets by people in the Roman Empire. Rather, most dogs were wild beasts that roamed the wilderness looking for prey. They were despised as some of the most disgusting and vicious animals, and of hardly any value to people, if any. This was how many Jews viewed Gentiles, and so they called them "dogs" — wild animals confined by God to a life of scavenging for food, and living in filth. But Paul here calls these non-Christian Jews "dogs", implying that they're no better than non-Christian Gentiles.
The second name Paul uses for these opponents of Christians is "evildoers". This is also a reference to the predominant Jewish view of Gentiles at that time. Whereas Jews thought that they were the doers of good — since they thought they were obeying God by practicing their religion — and they viewed the Gentiles as evildoers who didn't obey God, these Jewish people were also evildoers, just like the Gentiles.
Finally, the ESV translates Paul as calling these people "those who mutilate the flesh". In reality, Paul literally called them "the mutilation". This, too, is a reference to the Jews, and to their relationship to Gentiles. In the early church, Jews were known as "the circumcision", since all of their males were circumcised, whereas most Gentile males weren't circumcised. The reason for the difference was that the Old Testament commanded the Jews to circumcise their baby boys, so as to mark them as members of the people with whom God made His covenants through Abraham and Moses. In the case of these Jewish enemies of the Philippians, instead of calling them "the circumcision", Paul calls them "the mutilation". By doing so, he's saying that their circumcision, and their insistence that other men get circumcised, is no better than mutilation. He may even be comparing their obsession with circumcision with pagan rituals of mutilating the body, such as the cutting that's seen in the prophets of Baal.
So, who exactly were these people? Most likely, Paul is addressing people known now as "Judaizers". These people can be seen in the book of Acts, and were Jews who claimed to believe that Jesus was the Messiah, but insisted that, in order to be saved, one had to observe the laws God gave Israel through Moses in the Old Testament. In other words, they taught that, in order to have one's sins forgiven by God, one had to not only believe that Jesus was the Messiah, but also to practice Judaism. Hence, they're called Judaizers.
In verse three, Paul explains why these Judaizers are dogs, evildoers, and "the mutilation", rather than God's "sheep", doers of good, and "the circumcision". The first reason he gives is that he and the Philippians are "the circumcision". In other words, in contrast to those who are simply Jews being God's chosen people whom He's promised to bless through His covenant, it's the Christians who are God's chosen people, and marked with the sign of God's covenant with them.
How does Paul know that Christians are the true "circumcision"? Because they are marked by three characteristics that only God's people possess. First, they "worship by the Spirit of God". In the New Testament, worship doesn't simply mean to be in awe of God, or to sing praises to Him, but it means to serve Him supremely with one's whole heart, out of love for Him. Paul defines worship in Romans 12:1 as presenting one's body, meaning one's self, to God "as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship" (ESV). But how do Christians do this? Paul says they do this "by the Spirit of God". In other words, God the Holy Spirit, who has given the Christian new affections and desires, lives inside of him, and empowers him to worship God in the way that pleases Him — "in spirit and in truth" (John 4).
The second mark that characterizes "the circumcision" is that they "glory in Christ Jesus". The word "glory" means "to boast proudly". In the case of the Christian, he glories — not in himself — but "in Christ Jesus", or in "the anointed Jesus". This is one of Paul's favorite titles for Jesus as the Savior. The fact that Jesus is the Christ, or the Anointed One, means that He's the God-man whom God the Father has anointed — or appointed and empowered — with the indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit, to be His final Prophet, Priest, and King. In this verse, the emphasis is on Jesus's role as Priest, in which He sacrificed Himself to God to satisfy His wrath against sinners, and ascended into heaven to ask God to bless His people because of that sacrifice. The Christian glories in Christ Jesus as his substitute on the cross, and his Mediator and Priest before God, who gives him full access to God as his loving Father.
The final mark Paul uses to describe those who belong to the true circumcision is that they "put no confidence in the flesh". By "the flesh", Paul doesn't simply mean the human body, but who people are, and what they do with that body. Whereas the Judaizers were putting their confidence for their acceptance by God in who they were, and what they'd done in their flesh, those who are spiritually circumcised have no confidence, or trust, in who they are, or in anything they've ever done, for God's acceptance and forgiveness.
Paul Catalogues His Jewish Accolades
In verses 4-6, Paul catalogues, or lists, the things he used to put his confidence in for God's acceptance of him — the accolades that he took pride in. The Judaizers, too, have confidence in their flesh,
". . . though I myself have reason for confidence in the flesh also. If anyone else thinks he has reason for confidence in the flesh, I have more: circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to righteousness under the law, blameless."
In these verses, Paul proves that if anyone could ever have grounds for trusting in who they were, and what they'd done, to earn God's favor, it was him. But all those reasons were based on Paul's "flesh", or merely human achievements. That's why he says he had reason "for confidence in the flesh", and more than "anyone else".
So, what were Paul's reasons for his trust in his flesh to save him? First, he was "circumcised on the eighth day". Like I mentioned earlier, circumcision was the physical mark on every male Jew that reminded them that they were part of God's Old Testament people, with whom He had made two covenants — one through Abraham, and the other through Moses. However, Paul wasn't only circumcised, but circumcised "on the eighth day", as God had commanded the Jews to do in the Law He gave them through Moses.
Second, Paul belonged to "the people of Israel", which could be literally translated "the descendants of Israel". Israel was actually the name that God gave to Jacob, after he had wrestled with Him, and showed that He had faith in God to receive His blessing. As a member of Israel's descendants and nation, Paul thought that he automatically partook in the blessings of the covenant that God had made with Israel.
Third, Paul belonged to "the tribe of Benjamin". Benjamin was Jacob's last son to be born, and was the son of Jacob's favorite wife, Rachel. Also, the land that was given to this tribe in the Promised Land included Jerusalem, the capital city of Israel, and the home of God's temple, where He dwelt for many years. Hence, the Jews thought that this was the best tribe to belong to.
Fourth, Paul was "a Hebrew of Hebrews". This means that he learned the Hebrew language, and undoubtedly knew the Old Testament in Hebrew. This is significant because, at that time, the usual language that most Jews spoke and read was Greek, the favored language in most of the lands around the Mediterranean Sea. However, Paul knew the language of the first Jews, and the original language of the Jewish Scriptures.
Fifth, Paul says that, regarding "the law", he was a Pharisee. What does he mean by "the law"? This refers to the Law that God gave to the nation of Israel through Moses, which included not only the Ten Commandments, but also every other law in the first five books of the Bible imposed on the nation of Israel. The Pharisees were a special group of Jews who followed extremely strict teachings about the Law, which imposed even more laws on them to observe. They believed that they were the most faithful keepers of the Law, and therefore looked down on the rest of the Jews.
The sixth reason Paul had for his confidence was that he was "a persecutor of the church" when it came to "zeal" or "passion". He was so devoted to what he believed about God, the Law, and the Messiah, that he thought that the people who thought Jesus was the Messiah deserved to suffer and die.
The seventh and final reason Paul gives for his confidence in his flesh was that he was "blameless" when it came to "righteousness under the law". This means that no one could point to a single violation of the Law in his life as a Pharisee. Outwardly, he was a consistent and continual keeper of the Law.
These were all the things upon which Paul based his right relationship with God, and his worthiness to receive God's favor and blessing.
Paul Contrasts His Judaism with His Lord
In verse 7, Paul says that all these things he trusted in, and thought were valuable, he despised when he became a Christian:
"But whatever gain I had, I counted as loss for the sake of Christ."
Paul says that all the things he's just listed were "gain" when he was a Jew. He thought that they benefited him in his work to earn God's favor. However, when he became a Christian, these things that he once viewed as gains, he treated as "loss". Instead of benefiting him, he saw that they actually harmed him in his pursuit of God's favor.
Why did they harm him? Because he was trusting in them as God's basis of blessing him, even though God didn't consider them as deserving of blessing in a spiritual sense. The things that were inherent to who he was as a person, such as his ethnicity, had no value whatsoever in God's justice system. Even worse, the things that Paul did that he thought earned God's favor were in fact sinful, since he did them with sinful motives — not out of love for God and people, but out of love for himself.
But why did Paul see that his former gain was really loss? He says "for the sake of Christ", or "on account of Christ". When He believed that Christ had come from heaven to earth to suffer the punishment he deserved from God, to rise from the dead, and become the King of the universe, and that God forgave him based on these things, he saw that the things he had been trusting in had only been hurting him.
Paul Counts Jesus Better Than All
In verses 8-11, Paul goes further in his contrast of Jesus with the things that people trust in for satisfaction and joy by saying,
"8 Indeed, I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith— 10 that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, 11 that by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead.
In the first sentence, Paul moves from contrasting his Judaism with Jesus, to contrasting everything with Jesus. Not only did he consider his Jewish "gains" as "losses" when he became a Christian, but he also considered everything as loss when he discovered "the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus [his] Lord".
When Paul says "the surpassing worth" he means a value that exceeds anything that could be compared to it. What has this surpassing worth? The experience of "knowing Christ Jesus [his] Lord".
But what does it mean to know Christ Jesus the Lord? Notice that Paul doesn't say "knowing about Christ Jesus", but knowing Christ Jesus Himself. When Paul became a Christian, he didn't just learn information about Christ Jesus, but he met Christ Jesus as his Savior, Lord, and God. But in the Bible, knowing someone doesn't just mean becoming acquainted with them, but experiencing a loving and intimate relationship with them. For example, in Genesis, it says that "Adam knew his wife, and she conceived". Obviously, this refers to intimate knowledge in the context of what's supposed to be a loving relationship. In a similar way, to know Christ Jesus is to experience the most intimate relationship that a mere human can experience, and to love Christ Jesus as one's Savior, Lord, and God.
After saying that he considered everything as loss in comparison with knowing Christ, Paul goes on to say that he also suffered the loss of "all things" for Christ's sake. Paul indeed lost it all when he became a Christian because his whole life was based on a belief system that said that Jesus was a liar and impostor, and that His people were the worst people in the world. When he was saved, Paul had to give up his whole life, which was in direct opposition to God's will and Word. As a result, he was now persecuted by the very same people who had loved him for his hatred of Jesus. He gave up his reputation, his occupation, and many, if not all, pleasant relationships with people. His old life was no longer his, since it was the life of the old Paul.
Not only did Paul lose everything because of Christ, but he says he also counts them "as rubbish". The Greek word translated "rubbish" could also be translated "garbage" or "waste". So, not only did he lose these things, but he now hates them, and views them as filth, and worthy to be destroyed.
But why has he lost everything? First, he says "in order that [he] may gain Christ". This means to know Christ, and to gain everything that Christ, as a human, possesses. Paul further describes what he means by saying he's lost it all so he may "be found in [Christ], not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith". What does he mean by being "found in" Christ? The implied Person who finds him in Christ is God, and by being "in Christ", Paul is referring to spiritual union, or oneness, with Christ. This means that Paul wants God to treat him as He treats Christ — as a human being who deserves God's favor and blessing — even though Paul doesn't deserve God's favor and blessing.
That's why Paul says that he's not found in Christ because he has "a righteousness of [his] own that comes from the law". In other words, his right standing, or innocence and worthiness, before God, isn't based on his observance of the Old Testament Law. Rather, he has the righteousness "which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith". When a person trusts in Christ as his Savior and Lord, God declares that person "right" or "righteous" before Him, and therefore treats him as if he's innocent of sin, and deserving of favor and blessing. Again, Paul emphasizes that this righteousness "depends on faith", not on who a person is, or what he's done.
In the last two verses of this passage, Paul explains the ultimate reasons why he lost everything and considered them garbage to gain Christ and be found in Him. The first reason is to "know" Christ. Again, Paul is implying that the most valuable experience for anyone is to experience and love who Christ is as Savior, Lord, and God. The second reason Paul gives for changing his mind about everything is to know "the power of [Christ's] resurrection". When Jesus rose from the dead, He rose not in the same type of body that He had before He died, but in a new, spiritual, and eternal body. That's the life that Paul wanted to experience — spiritual and eternal life — and as a Christian, this life can be experienced in some ways now.
However, Paul didn't just want to experience the power of Christ's life, but also His death. He says that the third reason he lost everything to gain Christ was to "share [Christ's] suffering, becoming like him in his death". When Paul became a Christian, he almost immediately suffered persecution and hatred from his former Jewish companions, and later suffered many threats to his life. This is because his enemies hated Christ, their Creator, and because Paul became like Christ, and lived for Christ, they hated him too. By suffering the hatred of the world for its Creator who died to save them, because he strove to save some with the gospel, Paul became "like [Christ] in his death".
But why? Why did Paul want to share Christ's sufferings that threatened to kill him? This is the ultimate reason: "that by any means possible [he] may attain the resurrection from the dead". Paul wanted to rise from the dead, just like Christ did, so he could have a new, perfect, sinless, and eternal body, with which he could enjoy and worship Christ forever.
Rejoice in the Lord, Guard Against Legalists, Know Christ Jesus
So, if you claim to be a brother or sister in Christ, how does this passage apply to you?
First, Paul's first command for the Philippians is just as relevant for us today. You have a moral obligation to rejoice in the Lord. Do you regularly rejoice in the Lord because you're thinking about Him?
Second, Paul says that it's "safe" for the Philippians for him to "write the same things" to them. Do you regularly think about the most important things about the Christian life, like rejoicing in the Lord, and are you attentive to the teaching and behavior of your church family, watching out that they don't forget these things?
Third, Paul commanded the Philippians watch out for legalists who tried to convince Christians that their faith in Christ wasn't enough for their right standing with God. Are you continually on the alert to any hint of such teaching?
Fourth, Paul described true Christians with three marks — they worship God through the Spirit of God, they boast in Christ Jesus, and they have no confidence in the flesh. Do you worship God spiritually by the power of God the Holy Spirit by obeying Him out of love and reverence for Him? Do you boast in Christ Jesus for the value of your life, and your acceptance from God? Do you put any confidence in the flesh in any way for your right standing with God? If you don't worship God spiritually, don't boast in Christ Jesus, or have any trust in anything about you for your acceptance by God, then you're not a child of God, but an enemy of God. You need to change your mind and believe the gospel, which is the good news that God sent His eternal and divine Son to become a man, to suffer His wrath, hatred, and justice, on a Roman cross for our rebellion against Him, and to rise from the dead as the King of the universe. God now commands everyone to change their minds and trust in Christ as their only Savior and divine King to receive His forgiveness and peace with Him, because He's going to send Christ to judge everyone perfectly, and to punish His His enemies forever for their rebellion against Him. Please make sure you've done this, so you can have God's forgiveness and favor, and eternal life, and be reconciled to Him.
Fifth, remember that whatever merely human benefits you have, they're garbage when compared to knowing Christ. From the perspective of his culture, Paul had everything before he was a Christian — the right heritage, the best education, one of the most prestigious occupations, and the respect of the most powerful people in his society. However, when he met Christ, and trusted in Him as His Savior and Lord, he realized that all those things were absolutely worthless when it came to true life and satisfaction. He found that knowing Christ Jesus as His Lord and Savior gave him true joy and satisfaction. Remember that, and seek to love Christ more, so that you can experience more of His character and work in your life.
Sixth, Paul literally gave up everything to become a Christian, so he could experience Christ, the power of His resurrection, and share in His sufferings, so he could get a new, perfect, body someday. You don't have to literally give up everything to become a Christian, but you do have to spiritually give up everything you find satisfaction and fulfillment in, so you can gain a relationship with Christ as Lord and Savior. Do you live to experience Christ, the power of His resurrection, and His sufferings, so you can gain a new, perfect, sinless, body someday? If you do, then you're willing to give up anything to be used by Christ to glorify Him, because knowing Christ is what gives you joy and satisfaction.
All Scripture quotations are taken from the:
bible studyJoyLegalismPhilippiansthe apostle Paulthe sufficiency of Christ
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CPSLab
Cyber Physical Systems Laboratory
CPS Lab
Detailed Laboratory Description
We consider a robot system, where a single robot has the duty to transport pucks as advised by the overall factory automation. The regular behavior of the robot is to move around, transport pucks, or charge the batteries. The behavior has to ensure strict constraints, such as it excludes that the battery is exhausted and with a lower priority ensures to transport pucks as requested. It also must perform reasonable with respect to some soft goals to minimize energy consumption and maximize throughput.
The Figure above depicts a structural overview of the robot system. The whole simulation scenario is separated into four different rooms. In the first room, the pucks are packed and dropped for transportation in area AP . A robot RP transports the puck to a second room and drops it within the sorting area AS. On the basis of the current delivery status, the robot RS chooses one of the two booths and a band-conveyor transports the puck to the customer or stock delivery area (ACD,ASD) afterwards. In a third step, the robot RSt transfers the puck to stock in St. The doors can be opened or closed dynamically to vary the scenario. A robot can charge its battery at one of the two charging points. Each robot acts as an autonomous unit. Therefore, the tasks transportation, sorting and stocking are independent from each other.
Robotino Case Studies
For the evaluation of our research activities, we use our CPSLab robot laboratory consisting of three Robotino robots. The robots can be equipped with several sensors (e.g., laserscanner, infrared (IR) distancesensors, GPS like indoor navigation systems) as well as different actuators (e.g., servo motors, omnidirectional drive, gripper). The general idea of our evaluation scenario is the realization of a variable production setting, where robots are capable of transporting small pucks (representing goods in a production system) to different locations. Robots have to fulfill different requirement, e.g., they have to provide basic functionality like moving and avoiding obstacles in hard real-time (reacting on obstacles within a few milliseconds). Further, the robots have to reflect high level goals, e.g., energy saving of the battery, short routing to the destination points and optimizing the throughput while transporting the pucks. While basic functionalities, such as obstacle avoidance, have to be realized in hard real- time, we use existing libraries to realize higher functionalities such as path planning or creating a map by evaluating measured distance values. The latter can rarely be realized under hard real-time constraints because of insufficient libraries. Furthermore, we run a RTAI Linux operating system on the robot to enable hard real-time execution.
Concrete other examples for such a system are a bunch of autonomous robots that explore an unknown area in a burning building searching for injured people or a system of autonomous unmanned shuttle realizing a rail- transportation system where conveys are joined and left as required like in the case of the Neue-Bahntechnik-Project. Such systems have in common that the physical system, the embedded software and the coordination- mechanisms must 'work together' to achieve the overall desired goal. More extrem cases would be swarm like systems of systems where the information processing connects a huge number of individual elements that only together show the envisioned emergent behavior.
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