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Estimation of Magnetic Force between Micrometer-Sized Fly-Ash Particles in Cementitious Suspensions | Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering | Vol 35, No 2
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Nov 29, 2022 Active rheology control, Cement paste, Fly Ash, Magnetic field, Magnetic force
IntroductionActive rheology control is an innovative concept aimed at overcoming the contradicting requirements of properties during different concrete construction processes (De Schutter and Lesage 2018; Sanjayan et al. 2021), such as flowability requirements in pumping and formwork casting (Roussel 2007; Jiao et al. 2021a), or yield stress demand in extruding and after extrusion in three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing (Yuan et al. 2019; Tao et al. 2021). Magneto-rheology control, an integration of magneto-responsive additives and employing an external magnetic field, is a potential approach to achieve the target of controllable rheology of cementitious materials (Nair and Ferron 2014; De Schutter et al. 2018). The theoretical foundation of controlling rheology by magnetic field comes from the concept of magneto-rheological fluid, a smart material consisting of magnetic particles and nonmagnetic carrier fluid, which exhibits solid-like properties under a magnetic field while recovering to a liquid reversibly after removal of the magnetic field (Rabinow 1948; Felt et al. 1996). Active rheology control by magnetic field is a possible solution to manipulate the evolution of structural buildup and adjust the rheological properties of postmixing cementitious materials with the same mix proportions, which is in favor of improving the construction efficiency of pumping and casting processes and even 3D printing (Chibulu et al. 2021; Deshmukh et al. 2021; Jiao et al. 2021g).Successful magneto-responsive additives used in cementitious materials, from the viewpoint of lab-scale experiments, are ferromagnetic particles such as carbonyl iron powder (Nair and Ferron 2016), FeO particles (De Schutter et al. 2018) and nano-Fe3O4 particles (Jiao et al. 2019). It was revealed that applying an external magnetic field promotes the movement of magnetic particles in cementitious suspensions to form magnetic chains and/or clusters, resulting in an increase in the liquid-like behavior at very early age and an enhancement in the solid-like properties after longer magnetization time. To verify the movement of magnetic particles under magnetic field, Jiao et al. (2021c, e) derived the conceptual equations of magnetic force between neighboring nano-Fe3O4 particles assumed to be distributed evenly in the voids between cement particles, and proposed an indicator, defined as the magnetic yield parameter, to characterize the relative magnitude of magnetic force to the resistance of the suspension. The clustering of nano-Fe3O4 particles in cementitious paste is also quantified by converting a Fe-element energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) map into the distribution of Fe-element numbers using the image analysis technique to provide an experimental validation of the formation of magnetic clusters in cement suspensions (Jiao et al. 2021b).Despite the obvious responses of ferromagnetic particles in cementitious suspensions, the high cost restricts the further investigation of magneto-rheology control in mortar and concrete materials, as well as its extensive applications such as real pumping and 3D concrete printing. In this context, traditional waste materials with magnetic properties are good alternative economical magnetic additives in magneto-rheology control. As a result of the presence of magnetite and maghemite, fly-ash particles can be highly magnetic (Gomes et al. 1999; Presuel-Moreno and Sagüés 2009; Bhattacharjee et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2018). The fraction of magnetic particles in fly ash can reach up to 35% by weight (Prakash et al. 2001; Jiao et al. 2021f). Considering fly ash as a magneto-responsive additive, experimental results in Jiao et al. (2021f) show that the storage modulus of fly-ash cement paste under an external magnetic field of 0.5 T for 300 s can increase from ∼30 to ∼170 kPa, i.e., by a factor of 5.7. The rheological response depends on the volume fraction and magnetic properties of fly ash. It is found that the intensity of magneto-rheological response shows an empirical linear relationship with the saturation magnetization of original fly ash. However, no further study on the calculation of magnetic force between fly-ash particles is available. This is because the assumption in the calculation of magnetic force that nanoparticles are randomly distributed in the voids of cement particles cannot be directly applied to fly-ash cement paste because of the comparable particle size of fly ash to cement. To further understand the particle interactions of cement paste with fly ash under a magnetic field, it is necessary to estimate the theoretical magnetic force between micrometer-sized fly-ash particles in cementitious suspensions.The present study attempted to extend the conceptual equations of magnetic force between magnetic nanoparticles in cementitious suspensions, derived by Jiao et al. (2021c), to cement pastes with micrometer-sized magnetic fly ash. For this purpose, different cases regarding the selection of particle distance and the characterization of magnetic properties of fly ash were considered. The magnetic force and magnetic yield parameter of the fly-ash cement pastes studied in Jiao et al. (2021f) were then calculated, and their relationship with the magneto-rheological behavior was established. This study provides theoretical support to understand the rheological response of cementitious paste with fly ash to an external magnetic field, and it is also beneficial to the estimation of magnetic force between micrometer-sized magnetic particles in cementitious suspensions.Calculations of Magnetic Force between Micrometer-Sized Fly AshesConceptual EquationsA cementitious suspension containing magnetic particles can be regarded as a stable magneto-rheological fluid. Immediately after applying a sufficiently strong magnetic field, the magnetic particles will move inside the cement paste to form magnetic chains or clusters (Jiao et al. 2020). The magnetic force between two neighboring magnetic particles aligning along the direction of the magnetic field can be estimated by (Rich et al. 2012; Jiao et al. 2021c) (1) Fm=πd2μ0(ρM)224·(dr)4where Fm = magnetic force (N); d and ρ = average particle size (m) and density (kg/m3) of magnetic particles, respectively; μ0 = magnetic permeability of the medium (N/A2); M = magnetization per unit mass of the magnetic particles (Am2/kg); and r = center-to-center distance between two magnetic particles (m). The relative magnitude of the magnetic force and the resistance induced by the viscoelasticity of the suspension, defined as the magnetic yield parameter (YM), can be expressed as (2) YM=μ0(ρM)224τc,ys·(dr)4where τc,ys = viscoelastic yield stress (Pa), which is the product of the critical strain and the corresponding storage modulus in the small-amplitude oscillatory strain sweep curve (Jiao et al. 2021c). The magnetic yield parameter represents whether magnetic particles could move in the suspension. For example, YM>1 indicates that the magnetic force between magnetic particles can overcome the resistance of the suspension. In this case, the magnetic particles can move to connect and form clusters, and the suspension will show rheological response to the external magnetic field. A higher magnetic yield parameter generally indicates a more obvious magneto-rheological response for cementitious suspensions with the same type but different concentrations of magnetic particles (Jiao et al. 2021d).As mentioned in the "Introduction," for cementitious paste with magnetic nanoparticles, the interparticle distance can be determined by assuming the random distribution of nanoparticles in the voids between micrometer-sized cement particles (Jiao et al. 2021c). This assumption, unfortunately, is not applicable to the situation of micrometer-sized magnetic particles. To address this issue, the surface–surface distance between two solid particles (b) is estimated by Eq. (3) (Yammine et al. 2008) (3) b=−d(1−(φφM)−1/3)where d = particle size (m); φ = volume concentration of the considered particles (%), and the selection of its value will be discussed in the following sections; and φM = maximum packing density of the fly ash (%), which can be calculated by (4) φM=1−0.45(dmindmax)0.19where dmin and dmax = sieve sizes (m) corresponding to 10% and 90% from the particle size distribution curve (Hu and de Larrard 1996), respectively. The particle distance and/or maximum packing density of cement suspensions vary with the determination methods (Guo et al. 2017; Wong and Kwan 2007; Štefančič et al. 2017). This study aims to provide an estimation of magnetic force between micrometer-sized fly-ash particles, and thus only one representative calculation approach based on the physical properties of raw materials was selected.Determination of Interparticle Distance and Magnetic Properties of Fly AshUnder the same magnetic field, it can be observed from Eqs. (1) and (2) that the estimated magnetic force depends on the physical properties of the magnetic particles (i.e., particle size, magnetic properties, and density) and the nature of the suspension (i.e., interparticle distance). The magnetic yield parameter is further related to the viscoelastic stress of the suspension. With regard to fly ash, the fraction of nonmagnetic part (NFA) is generally higher than the magnetic fraction (MFA) when separated by a permanent magnet (Kukier et al. 2003; Prakash et al. 2001). This is also the case for the fly ashes studied in Jiao et al. (2021f), as shown in Table 1. This means that a large amount of fly-ash particles in cement paste will not directly show a response to an external magnetic field. To calculate the magnetic force between fly-ash particles, two key parameters, i.e., the particle concentration φ in Eq. (3) and the magnetic properties of fly ash M in Eqs. (1) and (2), should first be determined. As previously mentioned, fly ash can be regarded as its magnetic and nonmagnetic parts. It is possible that two neighboring solid particles in cement pastes are both fly ash, while it is also reasonable that fly-ash particles are randomly distributed in cementitious suspensions. Accordingly, four different cases regarding the selection of magnetic properties and interparticle distance between fly ash, as shown in Fig. 1, are discussed in the following sections. All the cement particles are regarded as nonmagnetic, based on the fact that cement particles have extremely low saturation magnetization (less than 0.6 Am2/kg) and plain cement paste shows insignificant rheological response to an external magnetic field (Jiao et al. 2021d; Nair and Ferron 2014).Table 1. Main physical properties of the cement and fly ashTable 1. Main physical properties of the cement and fly ashPhysical propertyPCFA1FA2FA3FA4Specific gravity3.152.222.351.952.56D10 (μm)2.531.331.262.512.74D50 (μm)9.468.0110.1713.3215.39D90 (μm)25.2839.6641.5749.3455.09Saturation magnetization of original fly-ash particles, Ms,FA (Am2/kg)0.591.740.992.310.85Magnetic fraction (%)—10.034.3827.135.87Saturation magnetization of magnetic part, Ms,MFA (Am2/kg)—16.8719.006.5911.21Case I: Maximum Saturation Magnetization and Minimum Particle DistanceFly ash is divided into magnetic and nonmagnetic parts, and it is postulated that two neighboring particles are both magnetic fly ashes, as shown in Fig. 1(a). This can also be regarded as the minimum particle distance between two magnetic fly-ash particles in the cementitious suspension. In this case, φ in Eq. (3) should be determined as the volume fraction of total solids in the cementitious suspension (φT), and the saturation magnetization of magnetic fly ash (Ms,MFA) should be selected to represent the magnetic properties of fly ash in Eqs. (1) and (2).Case II: Maximum Saturation Magnetization and Average Particle DistanceFly ash is divided into magnetic and nonmagnetic parts, and magnetic fly-ash particles are randomly distributed in the suspension with nonmagnetic particles (i.e., cement and nonmagnetic fly ash). In this case, the surface–surface distance between magnetic fly-ash particles is considered as the average particle distance, which shows relatively higher value compared to the one in Case I. Therefore, φ in Eq. (3) is selected as the volume fraction of magnetic fly ash (φMFA), and the saturation magnetization of magnetic fly ash (Ms,MFA) is used to represent the magnetic properties of fly ash in Eqs. (1) and (2).Case III: Average Saturation Magnetization and Minimum Particle DistanceAll fly-ash particles in cement paste are assumed to be magnetic. In other words, the magnetic and nonmagnetic parts are not separated. In this case, the saturation magnetization of original fly ash (Ms,FA) is selected to characterize the magnetic properties of fly ash M in Eqs. (1) and (2). With regard to the particle distance, it is postulated that two neighboring particles are both fly ashes. This means that φ in Eq. (3) is determined as the volume fraction of total solids in the cementitious suspension (φT), similar to Case I.Case IV: Average Saturation Magnetization and Average Particle DistanceAll fly-ash particles in cement paste are assumed to be magnetic, and all fly-ash particles are evenly distributed in the nonmagnetic cement suspensions. Therefore, the magnetic properties of fly ash in Eqs. (1) and (2) are represented by the saturation magnetization of original fly ash (Ms,FA), and φ in Eq. (3) is selected as the volume fraction of fly ash in the cementitious suspension (φFA).Results and DiscussionAccording to the four situations described in Fig. 1, the calculated results of magnetic force and magnetic yield parameter for the studied fly-ash cement pastes are summarized in Table 3.Table 3. Parameter selection and calculated results of fly-ash cement pastesTable 3. Parameter selection and calculated results of fly-ash cement pastesCaseMixφ (%)φM (%)b (μm)M (Am2/kg)τc,ys (Pa)YMFm (10−10 N)I25%FA10.4760.7641.54916.870.8844.360100.44325%FA20.4760.7681.76319.000.9160.509178.91925%FA30.4760.7442.1456.590.945.06326.52625%FA40.4760.7462.48811.210.8328.527176.18150%FA10.4760.7641.54816.870.8645.405100.47450%FA20.4760.7681.76319.000.7672.452178.91750%FA30.4760.7442.1466.590.677.10126.51850%FA40.4760.7462.48711.211.4816.003176.230II25%FA10.0120.76427.17216.870.880.3250.73625%FA20.0050.76843.57019.000.910.1470.43525%FA30.0320.74424.5866.590.940.1400.73525%FA40.0070.74657.65011.210.830.1020.63250%FA10.0240.76419.68816.870.860.8401.85950%FA20.0100.76832.48319.000.760.4441.09650%FA30.0650.74416.7806.590.670.4951.84850%FA40.0140.74642.56211.211.480.1451.596III25%FA10.4760.7641.5491.740.880.4721.06925%FA20.4760.7681.7630.990.910.1640.48625%FA30.4760.7442.1452.310.940.6223.25925%FA40.4760.7462.4880.850.830.1641.01350%FA10.4760.7641.5481.740.860.4831.06950%FA20.4760.7681.7630.990.760.1970.48650%FA30.4760.7442.1462.310.670.8723.25850%FA40.4760.7462.4870.851.480.0921.013IV25%FA10.1190.7647.7791.740.880.0740.16825%FA20.1190.7688.7730.990.910.0260.07625%FA30.1190.74411.2192.310.940.0980.51425%FA40.1190.74612.9960.850.830.0260.15950%FA10.2380.7644.3021.740.860.1920.42450%FA20.2380.7684.8650.990.760.0780.19350%FA30.2380.7446.1662.310.670.3461.29350%FA40.2380.7467.1320.851.480.0370.402For the case of maximum saturation magnetization and minimum particle distance (Case I), it can be observed that the calculated magnetic yield parameter of all the fly-ash cement pastes is higher than 1. This indicates that neighboring magnetic fly-ash particles can overcome the resistance of the cementitious suspension to connect if applying an external magnetic field. In other words, all the fly-ash cement pastes should exhibit rheological response to the magnetic field, which agrees with the experimental results, because the situation that two adjoining particles are both magnetic fly ash happens in cementitious suspensions. The magnetic force calculated in this case can be regarded as the maximum value, which is significantly higher than the one obtained based on other cases for the same mixture, as can be observed from Table 3. However, the fly-ash volume fraction as well as the magnetic fraction were not taken into account in this case. Therefore, for the cement pastes with the same type but different volumetric replacements of fly ash, the calculated magnetic force was only determined by the saturation magnetization of the magnetic fly ash. This results in the calculated magnetic force do not change with the fly-ash volume fractions (Table 3). Besides, some calculated results may contradict the experimental observations. For example, cement pastes with FA3 exhibit the most obvious magneto-rheological response (as presented in Table 2), while the calculated magnetic force and magnetic yield parameter are relatively low (Table 3). This is because of the low magnetization of the magnetic part compared to other fly-ash particles, as shown in Table 1.If taking the volume fraction of the magnetic part into account (i.e., Case II), all the calculated magnetic yield parameters are lower than 1, which can be attributed to the extremely low volume fractions of magnetic fly ash in cementitious suspensions and thus the large surface–surface distance between magnetic particles. This does not necessarily mean the cement pastes cannot show rheological response to the external magnetic field because the calculated magnetic force based on this case can be regarded as an average magnetic force between magnetic fly-ash particles, which should be significantly lower than that calculated according to Case I. The results indicate the magnetic yield parameter calculated from the average magnetic force cannot be used to perfectly describe the rheological response of fly-ash cement paste to an external magnetic field. This can also be concluded from the very poor correlation between the magnetic yield parameter and the D-value, as shown in Fig. 2(a). However, from the D-value versus estimated magnetic force graph in Fig. 2(b), it can be observed that fly-ash cement paste with higher magnetic force generally shows higher magneto-rheological response, which is consistent with the fact that increasing the magnetic force increases the connections between magnetic particles and thus improves the intensity of the rheological response. This means the estimated average magnetic force, concerning the volume fraction of both total fly ash and magnetic part, as well as the magnetization of magnetic fraction show a rough proportional correlation with the magneto-rheological response of cement paste with magnetic fly ash, yielding the correlation of determination (R2) of 0.78 and Prob>F of 0.002; the value is less than 0.05, meaning the model terms are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.For Case III, the calculated magnetic yield parameter of all the cement pastes is lower than 1, indicating the magnetic force between neighboring fly-ash particles, if considering all fly-ash particles are magnetic, cannot overcome the resistance of the suspension. This means that fly-ash cement paste will show unapparent response to the external magnetic field, which obviously contradicts the rheological experimental observations. The calculation results conversely reveal that not all the fly-ash particles are magnetic, agreeing with the magnetic separation results of fly ash in Table 1. Another drawback of the assumption in Case III is that the (magnetic) fly-ash volume fraction is not considered, similar to Case I, resulting in cement pastes with the same fly ash obtaining similar calculated magnetic force, regardless of the fly-ash replacements. With regard to Case IV, it can be expected that the magnetic yield parameter is lower than that obtained based on Case III because of the increase in the surface–surface separation distance between fly-ash particles. The points of D-value versus magnetic yield parameter are plotted in Fig. 2(c). Despite the rough linear relationship if excluding the point of 50%FA4, the magnetic yield parameter estimated based on Case IV is not a good indicator to describe the magneto-rheological response of fly-ash cement pastes because the value is significantly lower than 1. From Fig. 2(d), it can be seen that the calculated magnetic force also shows an approximately linear relationship with the magneto-rheological effect with the correlation of determination (R2) of 0.63 and Prob>F of 0.011. Nevertheless, the slightly lower coefficient of determination in Fig. 2(d) compared to Fig. 2(b) indicates the magnetic force estimated by regarding that all fly-ash particles are magnetic is less effective to describe the magneto-rheological response of fly-ash cement pastes.In summary, fly ash should be separated into magnetic part and nonmagnetic part to provide a better estimation of magnetic force between fly ash particles. Both the magnetic fraction and its saturation magnetization should be taken into account to describe the magneto-rheological response of fly-ash cement pastes. Furthermore, the interparticle distance between magnetic particles in cementitious suspensions should be carefully selected.References Bhattacharjee, A., H. Mandal, M. Roy, J. Kusz, and W. Hofmeister. 2013. "Comparative study of the microstructural and magnetic properties of fly ashes obtained from different thermal power plants in West Bengal, India." Environ. Monit. Assess. 185 (10): 8673–8683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3203-6. Chibulu, C., M. Y. Yardimci, D. Jiao, R. De Schryver, K. Lesage, and G. De Schutter. 2021. "Active stiffening control by magnetically induced blocking in confined flow of fly ash pastes." Constr. Build. Mater. 313 (Dec): 125485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125485. De Schutter, G., K. Lesage, V. Mechtcherine, V. N. Nerella, G. Habert, and I. Agusti-Juan. 2018. "Vision of 3D printing with concrete: Technical, economic and environmental potentials." Cem. Concr. Res. 112 (Oct): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.06.001. Deshmukh, A. S., R. T. Heintzkill, R. A. Huerta, and K. Sobolev. 2021. 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"Quantitative assessment of the influence of external magnetic field on clustering of nano-Fe3O4 particles in cementitious paste." Cem. Concr. Res. 142 (Apr): 106345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106345. Jiao, D., K. Lesage, M. Y. Yardimci, K. El Cheikh, C. Shi, and G. De Schutter. 2021c. "Rheological behavior of cement paste with nano-Fe3O4 under magnetic field: Magneto-rheological responses and conceptual calculations." Cem. Concr. Compos. 120 (Jul): 104035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104035. Jiao, D., K. Lesage, M. Y. Yardimci, K. El Cheikh, C. Shi, and G. De Schutter. 2021d. "Structural evolution of cement paste with nano-Fe3O4 under magnetic field—Effect of concentration and particle size of nano-Fe3O4." Cem. Concr. Compos. 120 (Jul): 104036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104036. Jiao, D., K. Lesage, M. Y. Yardimci, C. Shi, and G. De Schutter. 2021e. "Flow behavior of cementitious-like suspension with nano-Fe3O4 particles under external magnetic field." Mater. Struct. 54 (6): 209. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01801-y. Jiao, D., K. Lesage, M. Y. Yardimci, C. Shi, and G. De Schutter. 2021f. "Possibilities of fly ash as responsive additive in magneto-rheology control of cementitious materials." Constr. Build. Mater. 296 (Aug): 123656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123656. Kukier, U., C. F. Ishak, M. E. Sumner, and W. P. Miller. 2003. "Composition and element solubility of magnetic and non-magnetic fly ash fractions." Environ. Pollut. 123 (2): 255–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00376-7. Liu, D., X. Wu, Y. Du, and L. Sun. 2018. "Experimental study on the magnetic characteristics of coal fly ash at different combustion temperatures." Environ. Technol. 39 (15): 1967–1975. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622515.2017.1345987. Nair, S. D., and R. D. Ferron. 2016. "Real time control of fresh cement paste stiffening: Smart cement-based materials via a magnetorheological approach." Rheol. Acta 55 (7): 571–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00397-016-0923-x. Prakash, S., J. K. Mohanty, B. Das, and R. Venugopal. 2001. "Characterisation and removal of iron from fly ash of talcher area, Orissa, India." Miner. Eng. 14 (1): 123–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00167-9. Štefančič, M., A. Mladenovič, M. Bellotto, V. Jereb, and L. Završnik. 2017. "Particle packing and rheology of cement pastes at different replacement levels of cement by α-Al2O3 submicron particles." Constr. Build. Mater. 139 (May): 256–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.079. Tao, Y., A. V. Rahul, K. Lesage, Y. Yuan, K. Van Tittelboom, and G. De Schutter. 2021. "Stiffening control of cement-based materials using accelerators in inline mixing processes: Possibilities and challenges." Cem. Concr. 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Answered by Aslan on 1/17/2020 12:52 AM
Study Guide for The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
The ClassicNote on The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank is a complete study guide containing a biography of Anne Frank, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.
About The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
June 12, 1942 to July 8, 1942 Summary and Analysis
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Essays for The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
The Diary of a Young Girl literature essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl.
Adolescence in a War Time Environment
Discrimination to Destruction: The Impact of Individuals on Communities in Harper Lee and Anne Frank
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


> >    as discussed on the list.
> I'd just like to argue briefly again against merging stdout and stderr.
For Cabal we have a function like readProcess and it discards stderr.
stupid "python -V" which prints the version number to stderr).


Advice For Writers: Get An Agent!
Anyone who knows me knows that I'm a union kind of guy. I belong to two AFL-CIO unions, four writing guilds, and ASCAP. My mom was an actress in the theater, and she was very active with Actors Equity (one of my two unions). In addition to her acting agents, she always had a theatrical lawyer on speed dial. Her agents and her lawyer read and polished every contract she was offered before they allowed her to sign it. From an early age, I was taught the value of banding together as a group, and of always, always, always being represented by professionals.
Why am I telling you all this? Because I've recently heard several reports from writers who have walked into publishing houses unarmed. And, as the proverb warns us, it didn't end well for the writers. Now, too late, they wish they'd been represented in their negotiations. I'm tired of hearing these stories.
You also want a lawyer to review your contracts with your agent before you sign them, but start with an agent. We'll talk about lawyers later.
There's been a lot of talk about the new world of self-publishing, and many self-pubbers see no need for representation. They may be right–they're basically their own employers. But for any writers like me, whose work is published by the Big Five or any of the smaller houses, I repeat: Get. An. Agent. You'll thank me for this advice. Trust me.


The international community will gather today in Palermo for a two-day conference seeking to draft a peace deal for Libya.
The conference is expected to host high-level delegations from Turkey, the Gulf countries and the European Union.
It comes as an initiative to hold elections in the North African country in December failed.
"The aim of the conference is to bring together opposing forces, that are part of this very complex scenario in a very much divided country," Euronews Correspondent Giorgia Orlandi told Good Morning Europe.
Migration, presidential elections and support for a potential ceasefire will feature prominently on the conference agenda.
Seven years after the overthrow of the Gaddafi regime, Libya is still indelicately balanced between two rival political authorities, the UN-backed Government of National Accord in Tripoli and the Interim Government in the cities of Tobruk and Al-Bayda in the country's east. Army chief, Khalifa Hifter, is the weight behind the latter.


The companies are creating the world's largest consumer instant messaging community, with nearly 350m accounts, although not everyone would be able to use the service right away as testing continued, they said.
Users of AOL, Yahoo, Microsoft, Google and Skype software have been unable to chat with one another.
"This marks a big breakthrough and an unprecedented technical achievement. We expect this to grow demand and adoption of IM globally," said Brad Garlinghouse, communications senior vice-president at Yahoo.
"We believe this is a turning point for the IM industry," added Blake Irving, corporate vice-president of Windows Live Platform at Microsoft.
The interoperability will work for users with the latest versions of the Windows and Yahoo Messenger programs.
They will be able to exchange text messages, see friends' online presence, view personal status messages, share some emoticons and add new contacts from either service.
Both companies ann-ounced the landmark deal nine months ago.


Yes, This movies is just a dirty thinking of your dirty director 'Karan Johar'. Actually These people belongs to high society , so these kind of things are common in their society. And he was very anxious to show we middle class people about his society's acheivements. Really a F**king movie inspired by western culture.
saying so is really easy but it does not mean that nothing like such happens in our middle class just most of the people do not dare to do anything like such.
When we talk about the film then they give explosure to best cases or inner ideas. Do you think that making movie over Krish, Phoolan Devi or other such people was really right?
well, i dont know why people have taken this movie so seriously and personally, is it that their inner negetive part is exposed, or is it that the good and bad have shattered their hearts. a movie is a movie be it kkrish or kank, if taken in right spirit.
Anyway thanks for comment. But I am unable to figure out what exactly one want to express.
wonderful experiecne!!! one should be surprised and should see the movie again to get all the meanings that you described. but dont you think that your article might be a promotion to the movie. I am impressed by your views spicialy concerning Maya's character… because you made me think about her motives for not being happy and she gained my sympathy.
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Human remains found near Brian Laundrie's backpack and notebook, FBI says
By embensadoun Global News
0:45 Gabby Petito case: FBI confirms Brian Laundrie's belongings found in Florida park
WATCH: FBI and local law enforcement agencies confirmed on Wednesday that they found belongings to Brian Laundrie, such as a backpack and a notebook in a Florida wilderness park they have been searching for days – Oct 20, 2021
Human remains have been found near items belonging to Brian Laundrie along a trail he frequented in the Florida wilderness, a Federal Bureau of Investigations agent says.
Laundrie, 23, is a person of interest in the killing of his fiancé Gabby Petito, who was reported missing Sept. 11 by her parents while the couple were on a cross-country trip in the western United States.
Michael McPherson, special agent in charge at the FBI's Tampa field office, told reporters Wednesday that the personal items found included a notebook and backpack owned by Laundrie. It is unclear if the human remains found are Laundrie's.
Read more: Gabby Petito was strangled to death, likely weeks before body found, coroner says
"These items were found in an area that up until recently have been underwater," he said. "Our evidence response team is on scene using all available forensic resources to process the area."
McPherson said the investigation could take several days to complete, adding that portions of the the Carlton Reserve and Myakkahatchee Creek Environmental Park would be closed until further notice.
"I know you have a lot of questions, but we don't have all the answers yet. We are working diligently to get those answers for you," he said.
Laundrie's parents, Chris and Roberta, took part in the search and a Sarasota County Medical Examiner has been called to the trail in the Carlton Reserve, Reuters and CNN reported on Wednesday.
1:14 Gabby Petito case: Wyoming coroner rules cause of death to be strangulation
The new evidence comes more than a month after Laundrie's family reported him missing on Sept. 17, telling police they hadn't seen him in three days and that he had left to go hiking in the Carlton Reserve park.
The case generated a media frenzy but has also raised questions over the unequal attention given to Petito, a white woman, compared with the hundreds of cases of missing and murdered Indigenous women and other women of colour across North America.
Petito's remains were identified on Sept. 21 after her body was found along the border of Grand Teton National Park, located 48 kilometres northeast of Jackson, Wyo., where the couple had been camping.
Dr. Brent Blue, the leading coroner in Petito's case, confirmed last week that she was strangled to death likely three or four weeks before her body was found.
Read more: Brian Laundrie 'lookalike' ambushed by U.S. Marshals in North Carolina cabin
The couple had posted photos of their trip on their social media accounts, but chilling bodycam footage and a 911 call that were released to the public hinted to the possibility of a darker side to Petito and Laundrie's relationship.
The pair were stopped outside of the Moonflower Community Cooperative in Moab, Utah, on Aug. 12 after a 911 caller told police they had seen Laundrie slapping and hitting Petito.
Body camera footage showed Petito crying as she described an argument that escalated into her slapping Laundrie while he was driving. Police asked the couple to separate for the night, but neither Petito or Laundrie were detained and no charges were filed.
A warrant was issued for Laundrie's arrest on Sept. 23, after authorities charged him with bank fraud, alleging he had used Petito's debit card to make withdrawals worth more than $1,000. This would allow authorities to arrest him if he were found alive.
Laundrie returned home without Petito on Sept. 1 in the Ford van the couple took on their trip. Petito's parents held a funeral for their daughter in Holbrook, N.Y., on Sept. 26. Across the street from the funeral home, a chain link fence was adorned with posters featuring Petito's image and messages such as, "She touched the world."
2:09 Gabby Petito case: Brian Laundrie search continues following arrest warrant for using her bank card
— With files from the Associated Press
Gabby Petitobrian laundriegabby petito deathbrian laundrie updategabby petito murderbrian laundrie foundwhere is brian laundriehuman remains found brian laundrie
'Blindsided': Kelowna brewery launches petition to keep its taproom dog-friendly


When Steve Alford took the head coaching position at University of Iowa after four successful seasons with Southwest Missouri State (now Missouri State), one would have thought that Bloomington, Ind. was set of fire. Alford was the prototypical Hoosier: farm-bred, barn basket three-point shooter with a knack for hitting clutch buckets under duress. It was his leadership that took coach Bobby Knight and the 1987 Indiana basketball team to the national championship where Keith Smart hit a last second ten-footer to bring it home versus Syracuse.
Most Hoosier fans who followed the game closely saw what they thought to be a natural succession in the history of Indiana's storied program: Alford was moving up the ranks as a coach to be groomed as heir-apparent to the General himself.
Then the unexpected happened. Steve Alford got hot too early as a head coach, and he took his mid-major Southwest Missouri State to the Sweet 16 in 1999. They lost to Duke 78–61.
At the same time, Iowa was looking for a fresh start after coaching legend Tom Davis) failed to produce a substantial winner during the 1990s. The job was offered to a young Alford and before you could say "Jess Settles", a new era of Iowa basketball was born.
Expectations were very high for Alford, as he had taken a relatively unknown team like Southwest Missouri State further in the tournament than any Iowa team had in years.
The results, however, were generally less than spectacular. Despite winning conference tournaments in 2001 and 2006, the Iowa teams, led by Alford, never materialized in the way that Hawkeye nation thought they should have in the years he was at the helm.
After years of failing to make post-season play, one of Gary Barta's first major moves in 2007, as the newly hired athletic director, was decided for him. Alford left the head coaching position at Iowa for the loudest place to play in the country: "The Pit" at University of New Mexico.
After a fairly short search, Barta decided on National Coach of the Year winner Todd Lickliter who had just led the Butler Bulldogs from the Horizon League to the Sweet 16.
Bottom line: The Hawkeyes have a serious amount of rebuilding to do. They are off to an incredibly underwhelming start at 6–6, and the outlook for their post-season play is less than promising. What was once a powerhouse team in the mid-eighties has turned into a bottom feeder, often squeaking out victories against upper level teams only to lose the next time out against a very beatable foe.
If the Hawkeyes plan on making a trip to the National Invitation Tournament this year, they will need to come out swinging in Big Ten play and go at least 6–3 for the first half of the conference season.
The Hawkeyes' first four games are as follows: vs. Indiana, at Wisconsin, at Ohio State and, vs. Michigan State.


text:
Tenisový turnaj WTA Estoril Open 2010 se konal ve dnech 3. až 9. května v portugalském Estorilu venku na antukových dvorcích. Turnaj patřil do kategorie WTA International Tournaments a byl součástí WTA Tour 2010. Odměny činily 220 000 USD.

Dvouhra

Nasazení hráček

Ceny a body do žebříčku

Pavouk

Finálová fáze

Horní polovina

Dolní polovina

Čtyřhra

Nasazení hráček

Ceny a body do žebříčku

Pavouk

Odkazy

Související články
 Estoril Open 2010 - muži

Reference
 Pavouk pro dvouhru
 Pavouk pro čtyřhru

Externí odkazy
 , Oficiální stránka turnaje

WTA Tour 2010
Portugal Open

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A local barley beer brewer in this capital of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region expects to sell more products to the United States in the second half of next year.
According to orders from its American dealer, Dzambuling, LhasaBeer Co., Ltd. will supply 1,000 tonnes, or 2.78 million bottles, of barley beer to the United States every month since next July, Norbu Tsering, the company's deputy general manager, told Xinhua Tuesday.
The company sold its first batch of beer, totalling 272,160 bottles, under the locally famous brand of Lhasa, to the United States in August. This was the first time the Tibetan beer brewer exported its products.
Norbu Tsering said the second batch of more than 216,900 bottles have been delivered to the American market.
The acceptance of Lhasa beer by the U.S. market meant the Tibetan company's products had all met requirements in quality and production process by the American buyers, said an official with the regional commerce bureau.
The beer, 350 mg each bottle, is produced from both highland barley yielded on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and malt from Australian wheat, according to Norbu Tsering.
Adapted to the American taste, Lhasa beer sold to the United States has alcohol content higher than that sold in China.
Despite the ongoing global economic downturn, Norbu Tsering said, his company expected a 30 percent annual growth in output this year, which would reach 85,000 tonnes.
To meet demand from its American dealer, the Lhasa Beer Co., Ltd. has decided to ask its partner for help. The partner, Tibet heaven and earth green drink company limited, is ready to begin operation next March with a designed annual production capacity of 200,000 tonnes of barley beer. It will produce barley beer for the Lhasa Beer company under the brand name of Lhasa with production technique and formular provided by Lhasa Beer company.


Our location blends a rich history with modern skyline views. Built in 1905, the area we call our Tavern Bar was used as horse stables for local equestrians and racing enthusiasts. The stone façade features Stone Mountain granite. In 1928, a nine-hole golf course opened in Piedmont Park and the building was converted to the course Club House. The foyer of the Piedmont Room features the original dark wooden planking, peaked ceiling and ivy-covered windows. While the building has been added on to in many ways over the years, we still cherish the history and stories associated with our location.
To get more information on the Piedmont Room or to book an event visit our Piedmont Room site.


I love easy cooking, though sometimes I fear if it's too easy, it's not going to be good. Throw me a curve ball, some different ingredients, make me sweat, then the dish is bound to be good...or a colossal waste of time. That brings me to a recipe I saw on Food 52 where they tried to say I could cook eggplant in the microwave. Easy yes, but tasty, not so sure.
Scanning the list of ingredients, I was happy to see an Asian line up featuring some of my favorite friends like tamari, vinegar, cilantro and sesame oil, but cooking in a microwave? I really only use my microwave for making tea. It fit the bill of interesting, different, and curve ball included. I decided I was game.
Mixing all the ingredients was a breeze. I found it very salty which of course you're bound to get from soy sauce or tamari, so I'd use a little less than a 1/4 cup there, and I doubled the vinegar for a little more pop. The eggplant did a 45 minute sit in the marinade, 10 minutes in the microwave and voila, tasty, umami filled eggplant. It was easy, unique and sure to be a crowd pleaser.
Place all ingredients except the eggplant into a blender or food processor and combine until smooth.
Cut the ends of the eggplant and slice down the middle. Prick with a fork throughout, and score the flesh using a diagonal cut in both directions.
Place the eggplant skin side down in a microwave-safe dish large enough to fit all eggplant in a single layer, side by side.
Spoon 1 1/2 teaspoons of the marinate over each eggplant half and work into the flesh. Flip the eggplant and put the remaining marinade into the dish. Let stand for 45 minutes.
After marinading, place eggplant skin side down. Cover the dish tightly with a lid or plastic wrap that's microwave friendly. Cook on full power for 10 minutes until done.


'Playing music is like making love.
The Cinecittà Arte Contemporanea gallery continues its series of great exhibitions and, after Mario Giacomelli, Federico Fellini, Tazio Sacchairoli and Roman Polanski, proposes Gestures of the Spirit by Marco Anelli. The exhibition is curated by Giovanna Calvenzi with the patronage of Santa Cecilia National Academy.
28 large format photographs that portay the major interpreters of international classical music, worldly famous directors and musicians such as: Antonio Pappano, Leonidas KavaKos, Lang Lang, Radu Lupu, Gustavo Dudamel, Christoph Eschembach, Yuri Termirkanov, Martha Argerich, Maurizio Pollini, Uto Ughi, Christian Zacharias, Kent Nagano, Mitsuko Uchida, George Pretre, Mario Brunello, Vladimir Ashkenazy.
The real subject of these pictures, silently distant but also deeply musical and intimate, are the gestures and movements of the performers, and their power to convey the emotion of the music to the observer.
Because of the lack of a real contact between the photographer and his subject, Marco Anelli chooses to reconstruct this relation by collecting the images and letting the meaning of the interpretation come out by itself.


For any one starting an online E-Commerce business getting the right website solution in place is as critical as sourcing the products to sell on it. While there are many E-Commerce options to choose self hosting (having your own web-host and domain name) is only one option.
Self-Hosting means you (or your developer) has the freedom and ability to change any part of the solution as you need to because you have full access to the code and database.
Im a big fan of WordPress, out of the box it has a very comprehensive and extremely well documented admin panel although it is easily broken by the novice randomly installing plugins (i couldnt count the number of Hijacked WordPress sites ive fixed) and themes it can be a very easy and quick way to deploy a website.
As far as E-Commerce goes it doesnt do it without the aid of a plugin (or 2 depending on which plugin you use) and while WordPress is an excellent CMS it really does lack the power needed to operate as a larger scale E-Com.
Overall while WordPress can work as an E-Commerce solution it feels more like fitting a round peg into a square hole. For those just starting or with a low product inventory (no more than about 30 products) it is perfect to start out on especially on a budget.
This is a serious E-Commerce platform which when deployed and built properly can be quite powerful, it offers a lot of features from customer groups and the ability to setting up very specific customer rules to multi domain sites allowing you to run multiple e-commerce websites from a single install all with different products.
As a E-Commerce business owner Magento is an awesome solution, as a developer it can be quite painful to develop in with a theme structure that leaves you wondering "why oh why". One of Magento's failings is its CMS side and navigating its admin panel can take a while to get used to.
While Magento is a serious solution it will come with a very serious cost and will need regular maintenance (So be very very nice to your developer), It also has a temperament time to time so be prepared for some panicked emails to your developer to get you back up and running again (did i mention be nice to your supporting developer).
While not as strong a solution as Magento Prestashop is a strong middleweight option for those not yet ready to take on the full Magento E-Commerce solution but too big to fit into WordPress, it has a very good support network with a multitude of themes available but does lack some of the more versatility of a full blown E-Commerce solution like multi domain and customer groups that you find in something like Magento.
One thing i always liked as a developer about Prestashop is how clean and easy theme development is, this also helps make Prestashop an excellent mid-weight solution.
There are times where an out of the box solution just wont fit (even with modifications) and for that developers will usually look towards the myriad of open source frameworks to speed up development like CodeIgniter, Laravel or Symfony which will easily support most custom built E-Commerce solutions while still maintaining a level of serviceability from additional developers if required.
Of course being a custom built solution this option wont come cheap nor quick so be prepared for a lengthy and costly project and be sure to have a very good project scope in place before build starts.


November 17, 2018 is the revised election date our 2019 board of directors.
A big thank-you to these members for volunteering to serve.
It's still possible to run for office! Candidates are accepted on a write-in basis, so if you want more information about a position or are interested in running, contact elections@tucsonrwa.org.


Wow, just been scrolling through your Ladakh posts. Amazing! Thanks for visiting The Glasgow Gallivanter.
Wow! Thanks for taking us along!
No doubt those doors are often closed in troubled times. Thank you for showing us these places we may never visit in person or know about except for you. Your knowledge of the history of these places is valuable and appreciated. Many thanks!


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How Accurate Is The Polygraph
29th June 2017 by Jason Hubble News 0 comments
How accurate is the polygraph / lie detector? A deceptively simple question. It is simple to the point of being simplistic. Oversimplified. Which is to say that the answer is not so simple. Part of the complexity is that there is no single numerical index that can adequately represent a test result for which the answer is a probability with some degree of uncertainty or range of error – and for which discussions of test accuracy can take several different dimensional views, including sensitivity, specificity, error rates and other descriptive forms. And while the question of accuracy is not so simple, the question is also not so complex that it cannot be studied and answered, albeit not in a simplistic manner.
To reduce the complexity of scientific discussions, accuracy discussions in the context of research and testing will often take the form of discussions of the error rate or probability of error (also referred to as a p-value, and commonly expressed as a decimal). The expectation to quantify the likelihood or probability of an erroneous result is among the hallmarks or standards of scientific pursuits.
Probabilities of error may well serve the expediency needs of scientific thinkers, but persons untrained in scientific methodologies may find it easier to work with a different concept – the inverse of the error rate, referred to conveniently as a confidence level (CL) with which our estimate of the probability of a correct result is commonly expressed in terms of a percentage. Because polygraph research involves the accuracy of both truthful and deceptive results, the simple unweighted average of these is among the more useful numbers we can use in attempt to describe the complex phenomena of polygraph accuracy with a single number. This can be thought of as unweighted accuracy, for which we average the accuracy of truthful results with deceptive results, while assuming uniform base-rates of guilty and innocent persons.
In the same way that we do not expect to achieve a generalizable estimate of polygraph accuracy from a single case, we also do not expect to achieve generalizable estimates of polygraph / lie detector accuracy
A Chronology of Scientific Reviews of Polygraph Accuracy
Among the earliest published scientific reviews of polygraph accuracy was that of Abrams (1973), who surveyed the published literature dating to the earlier part of the 20th century, and reported a not unimpressive aggregated accuracy rate of .980.
A few years later, Abrams (1977) published the results of another review of polygraph / lie detector accuracy, and then reported an estimate of.910 using more recent studies and more carefully structured study selection criteria.
Podlesny and Raskin (1978) also surveyed the available literature in attempt to quantify an answer to the questions of polygraph accuracy and reported an estimated accurate rate of .890 at that time.
Ansley (1983) also attempted to quantify the available literature on polygraph accuracy and reported the results of 1,964 laboratory cases and 1,113 field cases. He described a decision accuracy level of .968, excluding inconclusive results. Results using the relevant-irrelevant technique were reported as more accurate (.960) than those using comparison question technique (.952). Results from concealed information tests were reported as having an accuracy rate of .912.
At about that same time the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA, 1983) reported the results of laboratory studies as having an aggregated accuracy rate of .832, while the accuracy of field studies was reported as .847.
Abrams (1989) reported the results of a third survey of polygraph accuracy, and described an aggregated accuracy rate of.880 – somewhat more conservative than his earlier calculations.
Ansley (1990) published another scientific review of the literature on polygraph accuracy, and summarized the results of 10 studies including 2,042 criminal investigation polygraphs since 1980. He reported an accuracy rate of .980 for guilty cases and .970 for innocent cases. Also reported were the results of a survey of 11 studies of blind evaluations of 922 criminal investigation polygraphs, with an overall accuracy rate of .900, including .940 for guilty cases and .890 for innocent cases.
Honts and Peterson (1997) summarized the results of high quality polygraph studies in an Amicus brief filed in U.S. Vs Scheffer, and and reported the accurate rate as exceeding .900. These results were also reported by Raskin and Honts (2002).
In an independent study funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, Crewson (2002) surveyed the results of diagnostic and screening polygraphs and compared the results to screening and diagnostic tests used in medicine and psychology. Diagnostic polygraph tests were reported to have an aggregated accuracy rate of .880 while screening tests were reported to have an accuracy rate of .740 at that time.1
A more recent survey of polygraph accuracy was completed by the National Research Council (NRC, 2003) who described test accuracy in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Median AUC was reported as .860 for laboratory studies and .890 for field studies.2
1 All of the screening studies in Crewson (2002) were conducted using the relevant-irrelevant technique. This figure cannot be generalized to screening methods using comparison question techniques.
2 The slightly higher accuracy of field studies compared to laboratory studies has been observed on various occasions. Differences are not statistically significant but is inconsistent with the trend of observations in other fields of science for which field studies with more less tightly controlled conditions most often produce slightly lower accuracy than laboratory studies. One interpretation of the meaning of this might be superiority of field studies over laboratory research. A more conservative interpretation would be that field studies are subject to inherent bias and non-random selection processes.
Using a different approach to estimate test accuracy, Kokish, Levenson and Blasingame (2005) reported the results of an opinion survey of convicted sex offenders who were subject to probation requirements for polygraph testing. They reported that respondents described a high rate of agreement with the polygraph test results, over .900.
In a meta-analytic survey of criterion validity, the American Polygraph Association (APA, 2011) estimated the accuracy of event-specific diagnostic polygraphs as .890 with a 95% confidence rangeof.829to. 951.Polygraph techniques interpreted with the assumption that the criterion states of the test target questions vary independently were reported as having an aggregated accurate rate of .850 with a 95% confidence range of .773 to .926. The aggregated accuracy rate for all techniques was reported as .869 with a 95% confidence range of .798 to .940.
The mean accuracy for these scientific reviews was .900, and the median was .890. Excluding the three studies with extremely high accuracy, both the mean and median accuracy of the scientific reviews of polygraph accuracy research were .890.
While the scientific reviews included herein are perhaps not comprehensive or inclusive of all polygraph studies, they are reasonably inclusive of most useful and visible attempts to systematically account for the evidence and variance that is inevitably present in the results of decades of studies of varying quality. The majority of the results of these studies appear to be within understandable error tolerances of each other. Although three reviews (Abrams, 1973; Ansley, 1983, 1990) are more optimistic than others, with results in the high .90s, the results of of the majority of these studies (Abrams; 1977, 1989; Raskin and Podlesney, 1979; the OTA, 1983; Honts and Peterson, 1997); Raskin and Honts, 2002; the NRC, 2002; Kokish, Levenson and Blasingame, 2005; and the APA, 2011) suggest that polygraph accuracy exists within a predictable range in the mid to high .80s extending into the low .90s.
One of the most obvious trends in this data is that studies conducted by academics with no particular interest in the polygraph have tended to produce results that are slightly less than the historical average estimates produce by researchers within the polygraph profession. This trend also appears to be Correcting itself over time as researchers within the profession have begun to endeavor to apply more rigorous methodology and scrutiny to question about criterion accuracy.
A second obvious trend is that the results of field and laboratory studies have tended to agree closely. Now, there is no available evidence to suggest one form of research as superior to another. Indeed, different types of research designs all have advantages and disadvantages. It is inherently beneficial to the profession to use a variety of types of research methodologies.
Another trend is that results produced by researchers within the polygraph profession and those provided by academics and researchers outside the profession have tended to both agree more than disagree, and to begin to converge more closely over time.
A fourth obvious trend is that estimates of polygraph accuracy have tended to decrease over time. While it is possible that this is a reflection of a decrease in polygraph test accuracy, it is probably not likely that the polygraph has become less accurate over time. A more likely explanation is that estimates of polygraph accuracy have simply become more realistic or more accurate. A look at the study details will show that early studies were conducted with heavy emphasis on the use of confirmed field cases – which may introduce a vulnerability to overestimation of test accuracy as a result of the systematic exclusion of both false-negative and false-positive error case for which no confession or confirmation evidence could be obtained.3 It is not likely that researchers were intentionally exploiting this potential; instead it is more likely that some early research and research reviews overestimated polygraph accuracy as a result of an unrecognized sampling vulnerability. Regardless, although claims of extremely high or near- perfect accurate are not well supported, data are available at this time to support the hypothesis that polygraph testing can provide usably high levels of test accuracy. A final observation is also interesting. Although more rigorous and scientific approaches to polygraph testing is thought to increase polygraph accuracy, the degree variance in the published evidence has made it difficult to ascertain whether intended improvements have actually manifested themselves in observable increases in test accuracy. It is can been seen that results reported by Honts and Raskin (1997) and Raskin and Honts (2002) have marginally exceeded the .900 level, but most other scientific reviews of the literature do not exceed this level.
This may reflect the practice of polygraph methods based more on tradition and less on rigorous scientific models. But it may also begin to be a reflection that polygraph test accuracy is nearing a form of ceiling within which observable and measurable increases in accuracy may be difficult to obtain without rigorous adherence to scientific protocols and evidence-based practices.
Polygraph research has been ongoing for decades, and there is a great deal of information in the published literature. It is almost inevitable that the data contain some valuable information while also being somewhat noisy. In the same way that individual test results have some potential for error, research results also have some potential for error. Given the length of time and evolution of statistical and research methods, it is not surprising that there may also be some observable variability in the results of scientific reviews of the published evidence. The usual trend of aggregated data in most fields of science, measurement and statistical prediction is that aggregated testing results tend to outperform individual testing results and aggregated research results have tended to outperform the results of individual studies. For this reason, it is hoped that some value can be found in this brief overview of the historical data.
3 Confessions themselves may be the result of an inherently non-random decision to pursue more information, raising an important caution about the need for replication of results observed through the study of sampling data acquired through confession sampling. Moreover, if the decision to pursue confessions is based on the results of a polygraph test, then there may be inherent non-independence of the external criterion leading to the potential for self-fulling research results.
Abrams, S. (1973). Polygraph validity and reliability: A review. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 18, 313-326. Abrams, S. (1977). A polygraph handbook for attorneys. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books
Abrams, S. (1989). The complete polygraph handbook. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
American Polygraph Association (2011). Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on validated techniques.
Polygraph, 40(4), 196-305.
Ansley, N. (1983). A compendium on polygraph validity. Polygraph, 12, 53-61.
Ansley, N. (1990). The validity and reliability of polygraph decisions in real cases. Polygraph, 19, 169-181. Crewson, P. E. (2001). A comparative analysis of polygraph with other screening and diagnostic tools.
Research Support Service. Report No. DoDPI01-R-0003. Reprinted in Polygraph 32, (57-85).
Honts, C. R. & Peterson, C.F. (1997). Brief of the Committee of Concerned Social Scientists as Amicus Curiae United States v Scheffer. Available from the author.
National Research Council (2003). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.
Office of Technology Assessment (1983). The validity of polygraph testing: A research review and evaluation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment.
Kokish, R., Levenson, J. S., & Blasingame, G. D. (2005). Post-conviction sex offender polygraph examination: client-reported perceptions of utility and accuracy. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, 211-21.
Podlesny, J. A. & Raskin, D. C. (1978). Effectiveness of techniques and physiological measures in the detection of deception. Psychophysiology, 15, 344-359.
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Today's Labor History
The Old 97, a Southern Railway train officially known as the Fast Mail, derails near Danville, Va., killing engineer Joseph "Steve" Broady and ten other railroad and postal workers. Many believe Broady had been ordered to speed to make up for lost time. The Wreck of the Old 97 inspired balladeers; a 1924 recording is sometimes cited as the first million-selling country music record - 1903
The first production Ford Model T leaves the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Mich. It was the first car ever manufactured on an assembly line, with interchangeable parts. The auto industry was to become a major U.S. employer, accounting for as many as one of every eight to 10 jobs in the country - 1908
Compiled/edited by Union Communication Services


As a regional leader on issues of poverty and financial security, United Way Bay Area is entering a new area of advocacy by endorsing two affordable housing ballot measures for this November's election.
While UWBA has traditionally focused its work in areas of financial stability, education, and workforce development, it has until now not engaged in a critical piece of achieving economic success – accessing safe and affordable housing.
Housing is often the highest cost need for working families in the Bay Area. An overall lack of supply, coupled with a significant spike in housing demand, have led to steep increases in Bay Area housing costs for low-income families. UWBA firmly believes that increasing the supply of affordable housing will help to alleviate high cost burdens, thereby allowing low-income families to invest more of their limited incomes in other basic needs.
California's lowest income renters spend a median of 68 percent of income on rent, leaving little left for food, transportation, child care expenses, and other needs. While every county in the state has an affordable housing shortfall, the Bay Area's lack of supply has become so acute that both low and middle-income households face an affordability crisis.
The upcoming November election presents a unique opportunity for UWBA to engage in affordable housing advocacy, as voters in Alameda and Santa Clara Counties will vote on two multimillion dollar housing bond measures this fall.
On September 8th the UWBA Board of Directors voted unanimously to lend the organization's well established brand name to both campaigns by officially endorsing the bond measures.
Down Payment Assistance Loan Program – Assists middle income and working families in purchasing a home in Alameda County and mitigating against displacement.
Accessibility Loan Program – Provides small loans to seniors and people with disabilities to make accessibility improvements to their homes, including adding ramps and widening doorways.
Housing Preservation Loan Program – Mitigates against displacement of low-income and senior households by providing loans to rehabilitate properties for health and safety improvements, as well as loans to help pay for overdue property taxes or mortgage payments.
Rental Housing Development Fund – Develops and preserves affordable rental housing for low-income families, seniors, homeless, and people with disabilities. Development will be intended to retain long-term affordability for at least 55 years. Will leverage tax credits and other local, state, and federal funds.
Innovation and Opportunity Fund – Provides pre-development and site acquisition loans. Designed as a rapid response tool to seize opportunities in the housing market as soon as they arise.
Learn more about Measure A1 on the campaign website.
Extremely Low-Income Housing is for those earning below 30 percent of area median income.
Permanent Supportive Housing – Targeted to the chronically homeless or those who have been homeless for more than a year and need mental health, substance abuse, or medical care services, which would be provided in these housing environments.
Rapid Rehousing – Targeted to those who are homeless for short periods of time, have an income, and need transitional housing for up to 18 months in order to become stable and move into permanent housing. Those that could benefit from this housing include victims of human trafficking and domestic violence as well as those leaving the Foster Care system.
Very low income individuals and families are those that earn between 31 and 50 percent of the area median income. This $100M will create affordable housing units for this specific population.
Moderate income is defined as individuals and families whose income falls in the range of 80 percent to 120 percent of area median income. Up to $100M can be used for housing assistance, and up to $50M can be used for moderate income residents who are first-time homebuyers.
Learn more about Measure A on the campaign website.


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Q: SWF file as screensaver I'd like to use an SWF file as screensaver.
From xscreensaver FAQ:

To play SWF Flash animations:
Macromedia's stand-alone Flash player has xscreensaver support, as of version 6.0.79 and later. To use it, put a line like this in the `programs' preference in your .xscreensaver file:
"My Flash"   gflashplayer -root $HOME/movies/my_flash.swf  \n\

Every version of the standalone flashplayer I found has no -root option and I can't find gflashplayer.
Also gnash -x $XSCREENSAVER_WINDOW doesn't seem to work.

A: I'm not a tree-hugger but using something as CPU intensive as fullscreen Flash when you're not even using your computer seems like using energy for the sake of it.
Be cool and use blank screen (with DPMS settings) instead. It'll cost you less.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Two-on-one featuring 1968's 'Bottle of Wine' & 1969's 'ComeOn, React!'. Both are taken from Norman Petty's originalmaster tapes. A total of 24 tracks, including 'Three MinutesTime', 'Ain't That Rain', 'Hurry, Hurry' and 'Cod'ine'. 1998Ace Records release.


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Deficit Commission Proposes Tax Cuts for Wealthy and Tax Increases for Working Class
November 12, 2010 randyshannon	Leave a comment
The Hijacked Commission
By PAUL KRUGMAN
Count me among those who always believed that President Obama made a big mistake when he created the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform — a supposedly bipartisan panel charged with coming up with solutions to the nation's long-run fiscal problems. It seemed obvious, as soon as the commission's membership was announced, that "bipartisanship" would mean what it so often does in Washington: a compromise between the center-right and the hard-right.
Blog: The Conscience of a Liberal
My misgivings increased as we got a better feel for the views of the commission's co-chairmen. It soon became clear that Erskine Bowles, the Democratic co-chairman, had a very Republican-sounding small-government agenda. Meanwhile, Alan Simpson, the Republican co-chairman, revealed the kind of honest broker he is by sending an abusive e-mail to the executive director of the National Older Women's League in which he described Social Security as being "like a milk cow with 310 million tits."
We've known for a long time, then, that nothing good would come from the commission. But on Wednesday, when the co-chairmen released a PowerPoint outlining their proposal, it was even worse than the cynics expected.
Start with the declaration of "Our Guiding Principles and Values." Among them is, "Cap revenue at or below 21% of G.D.P." This is a guiding principle? And why is a commission charged with finding every possible route to a balanced budget setting an upper (but not lower) limit on revenue?
Matters become clearer once you reach the section on tax reform. The goals of reform, as Mr. Bowles and Mr. Simpson see them, are presented in the form of seven bullet points. "Lower Rates" is the first point; "Reduce the Deficit" is the seventh.
So how, exactly, did a deficit-cutting commission become a commission whose first priority is cutting tax rates, with deficit reduction literally at the bottom of the list?
Actually, though, what the co-chairmen are proposing is a mixture of tax cuts and tax increases — tax cuts for the wealthy, tax increases for the middle class. They suggest eliminating tax breaks that, whatever you think of them, matter a lot to middle-class Americans — the deductibility of health benefits and mortgage interest — and using much of the revenue gained thereby, not to reduce the deficit, but to allow sharp reductions in both the top marginal tax rate and in the corporate tax rate.
It will take time to crunch the numbers here, but this proposal clearly represents a major transfer of income upward, from the middle class to a small minority of wealthy Americans. And what does any of this have to do with deficit reduction?
Let's turn next to Social Security. There were rumors beforehand that the commission would recommend a rise in the retirement age, and sure enough, that's what Mr. Bowles and Mr. Simpson do. They want the age at which Social Security becomes available to rise along with average life expectancy. Is that reasonable?
The answer is no, for a number of reasons — including the point that working until you're 69, which may sound doable for people with desk jobs, is a lot harder for the many Americans who still do physical labor.
But beyond that, the proposal seemingly ignores a crucial point: while average life expectancy is indeed rising, it's doing so mainly for high earners, precisely the people who need Social Security least. Life expectancy in the bottom half of the income distribution has barely inched up over the past three decades. So the Bowles-Simpson proposal is basically saying that janitors should be forced to work longer because these days corporate lawyers live to a ripe old age.
Still, can't we say that for all its flaws, the Bowles-Simpson proposal is a serious effort to tackle the nation's long-run fiscal problem? No, we can't.
It's true that the PowerPoint contains nice-looking charts showing deficits falling and debt levels stabilizing. But it becomes clear, once you spend a little time trying to figure out what's going on, that the main driver of those pretty charts is the assumption that the rate of growth in health-care costs will slow dramatically. And how is this to be achieved? By "establishing a process to regularly evaluate cost growth" and taking "additional steps as needed." What does that mean? I have no idea.
It's no mystery what has happened on the deficit commission: as so often happens in modern Washington, a process meant to deal with real problems has been hijacked on behalf of an ideological agenda. Under the guise of facing our fiscal problems, Mr. Bowles and Mr. Simpson are trying to smuggle in the same old, same old — tax cuts for the rich and erosion of the social safety net.
Can anything be salvaged from this wreck? I doubt it. The deficit commission should be told to fold its tents and go away.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/opinion/12krugman.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss
Previous PostNeed Criminal Investigation of George Bush for Capital CrimesNext PostBlue Dog Altmire Tries to Conflate Social Security with the Deficit: Watch Video


Accidents can happen at any time, at any moment, especially in a busy city like Studio City. How many people do you hear about who have been killed while crossing the street or were injured in a bad bicycle accident? The younger you are, the more devastating an accident can be when it changes your life forever. Going from being independent, physically active and healthy to becoming dependent upon others for basic needs like cooking and toileting can really crush the human spirit.
In the initial stages of a newfound disability, it is important to keep the human spirit alive while taking care of basic personal needs. If physical needs are not taken care of, then a person's livelihood can be dampened as he is reminded daily that he cannot do certain things like he used to. If you have a sibling or parent who recently suffered from a tragic accident, but you are obliged to return to work soon, getting a home health aide for your loved one is one of the best things you can do to empower him.
Aside from assistance with daily living like meal preparation and light housekeeping, caregivers can connect your loved one with the outside world by taking him to social events, meetings, conventions, or even work. If the family member's employer allows him to work from home but the new disability hinders him from typing, a home health aide can type or do other things under the care recipient's direction. Care recipients often bond with their caregivers on this level of personal care. By forming a bond, you can create a team that enables your loved one to interact with successful overcomers who have similar disabilities. Social interaction is key; companions with superb social skills are a compelling link between your loved one's well-being and empowerment.
Assistance for adults with disabilities is available through A-1 Home Care, a licensed, insured and bonded home care agency that provides all types of care from elder care to postpartum care to disabilities services. You can expect to receive superior home care support from compassionate caregivers, certified nurse aides, companions, home health aides, and personal care aides. Our phone lines connect you to a live operator 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for your convenience.
To hire a home health aide today, call A-1 Home Care in Studio City (818) 980-0094 or visit us online www.studiocityhomecare.com for more information. Service areas include Studio City, Hollywood, Sherman Oaks, Beverly Hills, Century City, Culver City, Glendale, Pasadena, Van Nuys, Burbank, and other cities throughout Los Angeles County.
Categories: adults with disabilities, empowerment, home care, home care assistance for newly disabled, newly disabled | Tags: a-1 home care, assistance, at home care | Permalink.


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Waning Gibbous on 14 August 2022 Sunday
Moon phase on 14 August 2022 Sunday is Waning Gibbous, 17 days old Moon is in Pisces.
Moon phase for 14 August 2022 Sunday 12:00 UTC
Lunar calendar 2022 | August 2022
Waning Gibbous phase
Waning Gibbous 92% illuminated
Waning Gibbous is the lunar phase on 14 August 2022, Sunday . Seen from Earth, illuminated fraction of the Moon surface is 92% and getting smaller. The 17 days old Moon is in ♓ Pisces.
15 August Aug
Gibbous ♈ Aries
Gibbous ♉ Taurus
Quarter ♉ Taurus
19* August Aug04:36
Quarter* ♉ Taurus
2 days after Full Moon
Previous main lunar phase is the Full Moon before 2 days on 12 August 2022 at 01:36.
Moon rises in the evening and sets in the morning. It is visible to the southwest and it is high in the sky after midnight.
Moon in ♓ Pisces
Moon is passing about ∠25° of ♓ Pisces tropical zodiac sector.
Lunar disc appears visually 0.5% wider than solar disc. Moon and Sun apparent angular diameters are ∠1904" and ∠1894".
Sturgeon Moon before 2 days
Next Full Moon is the Harvest Moon of September 2022 after 26 days on 10 September 2022 at 09:59.
Last Quarter in Taurus ♉ after 4 days on 19 August 2022 at 04:36
New Moon in Virgo ♍ after 12 days on 27 August 2022 at 08:17
First Quarter in Sagittarius ♐ after 20 days on 3 September 2022 at 18:08
Full Moon in Pisces ♓ after 26 days on 10 September 2022 at 09:59
Moderate tide
There is medium ocean tide on this date. Sun and Moon gravitational forces are not aligned, but meet at very acute angle, so their combined tidal force is moderate.
The Moon is 17 days old. Earth's natural satellite is moving from the middle to the last part of current synodic month. This is lunation 279 of Meeus index or 1232 from Brown series.
Synodic month length 29.6 days
The length of the lunation is 29 days, 14 hours and 22 minutes. It is 45 minutes longer than the next lunation's length. The lengths of the following synodic months are going to decreasing with the true anomaly getting closer to the value it has at the point of New Moon at perigee (∠0° or ∠360°).
The length of the current synodic month is 1 hour and 38 minutes longer than the mean synodic month length. It is 5 hours and 25 minutes shorter compared to 21st century's longest synodic month length.
Lunar orbit position on 14 August 2022 Sunday 12:00 UTC
True anomaly ∠202°
At the beginning of the lunation cycle the true anomaly is ∠202°. At the beginning of next synodic month the true anomaly is going to be ∠230.2°.
Moon after perigee
3 days after point of perigee on 10 August 2022 at 17:14 in ♑ Capricorn. The lunar orbit is getting widen, while the Moon is moving away from the Earth. It will keep this direction over the next 8 days, until the Moon reaches the point of next apogee on 22 August 2022 at 21:53 in ♋ Cancer.
8 days after descending node on 5 August 2022 at 20:30 in ♏ Scorpio. The Moon is located south of the ecliptic over the following 3 days, until the lunar orbit crosses from South to North in ascending node on 18 August 2022 at 10:59 in ♉ Taurus.
Moon after southern standstill
5 days since the previous standstill on 9 August 2022 at 06:36 in ♑ Capricorn when the Moon has reached South declination of ∠-27.024°, the lunar orbit is extending northward over the next 8 days to face maximum declination of ∠27.100° at the point of next northern standstill on 22 August 2022 at 15:08 in ♋ Cancer.
Syzygy in 12 days
In 12 days on 27 August 2022 at 08:17 in ♍ Virgo the Moon is going to be in a New Moon geocentric conjunction with the Sun and thus forming the next Sun-Moon-Earth syzygy alignment.


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Home/Musical/The Cher Show – Festival Theatre, Edinburgh
MusicalReviewScotland
The Cher Show – Festival Theatre, Edinburgh
Reviewer: Dominic Corr
The Reviews Hub - ScotlandOctober 13, 2022
Pamela Raith Photography
Music: As Performed by Cher
Book: Rick Elise
Director: Arlene Phillips
Hooooooo boy, here we go. It should come as no surprise that in the pantheon of Jukebox musicals, some industry giants have carved their name onto the stage once more. But there was one notable absence. The tale of a young and awkward, but determined, woman from El Centro, California who would rise to become one of the most indomitable figureheads of women in a male-dominated industry. And after her many, many…many years in the business, Cherilyn Sarkisian saw fit to remind this world just who really, truly, runs it; it's just one big Cher Show.
So how do you embody the sass and resolve of a global legend, diva, and icon into just one person? Well, you don't: you get three.
One of the more genius decisions, and lucrative to maintain audiences, is the mix-up of Cher's greatest and most recognisable hits. Audiences have no idea what may come next, as flickering moments of Bang Bang or Believe might slowly build, only to be dashed away for another time. It heightens the tension; it keeps the room hungry for more. It also enables the three Chers, performed by Debbie Kurup, Danielle Steers, and Millie O'Connell the opportunity to stretch outside of their individual 'eras'.
Fret not, Tom Roger's monochromatic monolithic set shrine to Cher's various costumes and wigs belays a wealth of colour through Ben Cracknell's lighting design. Suddenly those flash warnings are understood, and the walls of stage signs and black & white wigs are flushed with the campest lighting the Festival Theatre has seen since, well, The Osmonds. But sat in the darkness after the opening dance number is Cher, well, one of them – Debbie Kurup as 'Star'.
Jaded, contemplative, and sipping on a Dr Pepper – Kurup has an immediate presence as the larger-than-life star. Embodying the role with ease, Kurup may not have the stature of the Pop Goddess – but she fills those boots with ease, commanding the room and her two younger selves Lady and Babe as she takes a whistlestop tour through the choices and losses leading to this moment.
Those familiar with O'Connell's previous Edinburgh smash-hit, a little-known concert musical by the name of Six, will recognise her brand of humour and distinct personality. Indeed, an aspect which shines through is the individual aspects of each Cher. And O'Connell nails the gawkish, awkwardness of sixteen-year-old 'Babe' – fresh-eyed and taken in by the world, her physicality infectiously delightful. Vocally, the infamous warble is the most caricaturist, a Cher finding and controlling her voice, but where O'Connell wants to belt – particularly for a rousing rendition of Women's World, and oh how she shines.
Where the awkward comedy and charm of O'Connell give us a naïve and youthful Cher, and Kurup pushes the more grounded if concerned Businesswoman she will come to be – Danielle Steers has the monumental task of traversing the two; a performer lost in the world but determined to make an impact. And by Jove, where the others may capture the performance and spirit of the role, Steers captures the voice. There isn't a question of the sheer talent and impressive vocals, as Steers takes on the most arduous aspect of the transition away from Sonny & Cher. She absolutely nails the emotional tension, driving it into her performances of Bang Bang with a steely reserve.
Oti Mabuse's choreography is practical, but the focus seems to have been instilled with the three leads – resulting in ensemble dance numbers which aren't as tight as they ought to be, resulting in the production losing out on a rather perfect performance.
Jukebox musicals are gaudy. They're tacky and cheerful and non-apologetic about it. They're entertaining and just that little bit obnoxious. The Cher Show is precisely what it wants to be, and oh so much more – bringing a much-welcomed sense of humour and understanding of what audiences want. This is how you do the genre. Mabuse and Phillips have captured, in essence, the uncapturable in manifesting Cher's personality and musical history onstage. And where it may have issues with pacing, and perhaps (dare we say) a number too many; at the end of it all – it's Cher bitch, and this is the best night out you'll have in the city.
Runs until 15 October 2022 then continues touring | Image: Pamela Raith
The Best Night Out
Arlene Phillips Bang Bang Believe Ben Cracknell Cher Danielle Steers Debbie Kurup Edinburgh Guy Woolf jukebox musical Millie O'Connell Musical Oti Mabuse Rick Elise Scotland Six The Cher Show Tom Rogers
The Reviews Hub - Scotland
The Scotland team is under the editorship of Lauren Humphreys. The Reviews Hub was set up in 2007. We aim to review all professional types of theatre, whether that be Commercial, Repertory or Fringe as well as Comedy, Music, Gigs etc.


In today's globalised world, many European companies, including many here in Ireland, wish to expand their work internationally. Russia is increasingly being seen as an important location for developing opportunities in all areas of business. There are a lot of companies working between Russia and European countries including Ireland on a daily basis. When working as part of an Irish company in Russia, there is a need for each employee to have the relevant work visa. Here at Visaworld we are able to provide you with all the help and guidance you will need when planning a work trip to Russia.
Whether it is a short term work visa to Russia or a long term visa is required, our dedicated customer care team are experienced in providing quality and efficient support for our clients throughout the whole process. We understand that organising a visa for use in Russia can be a lengthy process when doing it individually. That is why we have developed a valued service that cuts out a lot of the administrative stages of applying to the Russian embassy. When you choose to work with us, we can prepare all of the documents required for your upcoming trip, and along with this, we can provide any visa invitation letters for you to continue with your Visa application. The Visas that we organise can be short term or long term in nature – whether that is a 1, 2, or 3 year stay in the country.
All you need to do is contact us, whether by calling into our city centre office, or by contacting us over the phone or by email and we will guide you through the whole process. You will need to provide us with some information regarding your visit to Russia, along with filling out the relevant documentation. We will then deal with the administrative issues and get in contact with the Russian embassy. If you have any questions regarding our services, please don't hesitate in contacting us. Our customer care team are always ready to take your call!


Enable the black boot screen with white Apple logo on all Macs.
Is there a better alternative to Dark Boot?
Is Dark Boot really the best app in System category?
Will Dark Boot work good on macOS 10.13.4?
Dark Boot allows you to edit the way your mac starts.


This is the view looking up through the floor of a former DL&W tower in Alford, PA. Some of the strongarm levers are intacked but the rods and the rest of the machinery are long gone. Unfortunately the staircase is also gone and I didn't have my extension ladder with me (LOL). The tower structure is in great shape with a few roof repairs needed. The former Alford station about 100 yards away is in alot worse shape.


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Q: How to know menu open or not in swrevealviewcontroller in swift 2.0 I have made one app in ios. I have use swrevealviewcontroller for menu.I need keyboard disapper when menu open or not. So how to recognize menu is open or not?

A: If you want to check the status of the SWRevealViewController in your code, check the frontViewPosition property of the SWRevealViewController
   if (self.revealViewController().frontViewPosition != FrontViewPosition.Left) {
   // Do something
   }

If you want to be notified for the menu toggle, implement the following SWRevealViewControllerDelegate methods in your delegate. (where you want to observe these changes)
- (void)revealController:(SWRevealViewController *)revealController willMoveToPosition:(FrontViewPosition)position;
- (void)revealController:(SWRevealViewController *)revealController didMoveToPosition:(FrontViewPosition)position;

A:
Swift 3

*

*Add SWRevealViewControllerDelegate to your controller

*Set revealViewControllerDelegate to self in viewDidLoad()
self.revealViewController().delegate = self

*Implement this Func with (didMoveTo) or the one with (willMoveTo) in your viewController

func revealController(_ revealController: SWRevealViewController!, didMoveTo position: FrontViewPosition) {

    switch position {

    case FrontViewPosition.leftSideMostRemoved:
        print("LeftSideMostRemoved")
        // Left most position, front view is presented left-offseted by rightViewRevealWidth+rigthViewRevealOverdraw

    case FrontViewPosition.leftSideMost:
        print("LeftSideMost")
        // Left position, front view is presented left-offseted by rightViewRevealWidth

    case FrontViewPosition.leftSide:
        print("LeftSide")

        // Center position, rear view is hidden behind front controller
    case FrontViewPosition.left:
        print("Left")
        //Closed
        //0 rotation

        // Right possition, front view is presented right-offseted by rearViewRevealWidth
    case FrontViewPosition.right:
        print("Right")
        //Opened
        //rotated

        // Right most possition, front view is presented right-offseted by rearViewRevealWidth+rearViewRevealOverdraw

    case FrontViewPosition.rightMost:
        print("RightMost")
        // Front controller is removed from view. Animated transitioning from this state will cause the same
        // effect than animating from FrontViewPositionRightMost. Use this instead of FrontViewPositionRightMost when
        // you intent to remove the front controller view from the view hierarchy.

    case FrontViewPosition.rightMostRemoved:
        print("RightMostRemoved")

    }

}

A: for jonkykong/SideMenu
implement UISideMenuNavigationControllerDelegate
func sideMenuDidAppear(menu: UISideMenuNavigationController, animated: Bool) {
    print("SideMenu Appeared! (animated: \(animated))")
}

func sideMenuDidDisappear(menu: UISideMenuNavigationController, animated: Bool) {
    print("SideMenu Disappeared! (animated: \(animated))")
}