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Diversity & equality in business
US embassy cables: the documents
US embassy cables: Iraqi PM claims US oil company in contact with Iran
Wed 15 Dec 2010 16.30 EST First published on Wed 15 Dec 2010 16.30 EST
Monday, 23 March 2009, 09:27
S E C R E T SECTION 01 OF 03 BAGHDAD 000791
SIPDIS
EO 12958 DECL: 03/20/2029
TAGS PGOV, PREL, MOPS, MARR, PTER, IZ, EPET, EFIN
SUBJECT: CDA, CG AND PM DISCUSS EVOLVING SECURITY CONCERNS,
THE BUDGET, OIL CONTRACTS; CDA DELIVERS DEMARCHE ON CAMP ASHRAF
REF: A. SECSTATE 26167 B. BAGHDAD 00442
Classified By: Charge d' Affairs Patricia Butenis for reasons 1.4 (b) a nd (d)
1. (S) Summary: In a meeting with Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki on March 19, Charge d' Affaires (CDA) Butenis and Commanding General MNC-I Lieutenant General (LTG) Austin discussed evolving security concerns, politics surrounding the budget, efforts to capture former Sons of Iraq (SOI) leader Adel Mashadani, and asked about the way ahead for reforms to improve management of hydrocarbons; additionally, the CDA delivered a demarche on Camp Ashraf (REF A) to which the PM acknowledged the sensitivity of the issue but emphasized the domestic Iraqi pressure as well as specific threats from Iran that he faces on the Mujahedin e-Khalq (MEK) residents of Camp Ashraf. He said, however, that they would not be harmed, that he would abide by the humanitarian assurances provided to the USG, and that he would not forcibly remove anyone to Iran - even those suspected of crimes - but that they could not remain in Iraq. LTG Austin noted vast improvements in the security environment over the last year, commenting that the GOI's operation in Basra last March was a pivotal moment in Iraq's history. The PM remarked that "maintaining victory is much more difficult than achieving victory," noting that Iraqi security forces must adapt to new threats posed by smaller clandestine terrorists cells and emphasized that intelligence would be key to this end. In response to the CDA's query about payments due to General Electric for power generation contracts, the PM said that the contracts would be paid even if it had to come out of their own salaries. LTG Austin expressed his gratitude to the PM for resolving budget problems related to payment of the SOI, to which the PM responded that the COR is playing political games with the budget. With regard to hydrocarbons, the PM asked for the U.S. position on direct contracts with U.S. firms and on U.S. firms developing cross border fields on the Iran border. End Summary.
2. (S) LTG Austin informed the PM that General Odierno was in Jordan and asked about the PM's recent trip to Australia. The PM said that the trip was productive, but noted that it was very long. The position of the Australian government is a very good one, he reiterated.
An Evolving Security Threat
3. (S) LTG Austin reminded the PM that this time last year they were in Basra, adding that "so much has changed since then." Basra was a defining point in Iraq's history, he told the PM. The PM agreed, commenting that "maintaining victory is much more difficult than achieving victory." The PM said that "they (insurgents/terrorists) are still out there," but they have lost control of the cities and have become "gangs" that move from one area to the next. "We need to build our intelligence capability to track these clandestine gangs." The time of armed confrontations (battles) is over, he said. "We have to adjust our forces to counter this new threat and intelligence will play a key role in this," al-Maliki warned. He questioned whether or not existing plans or strategies, e.g., focusing on checkpoints, are still applicable. "We have to evolve our forces to compensate for the changing security environment and emerging threats," he said.
4. (S) LTG Austin said that the PM and General Odierno are of Q4. (S) LTG Austin said that the PM and General Odierno are of a like mind on this matter. He remarked that the Iraqi Police (IP) would need to assume a greater responsibility for internal security, while the Iraq Army (IA) would focus on external threats. The PM quickly responded that the IA plays a critical role in ongoing security operations and would continue to do so, particularly in light of the drawdown of U.S. forces. "There is no substitute for the IA in a security role," he said. "I don't want to risk withdrawing the IA, particularly in light of the drawdown of U.S. forces," he reiterated. Perhaps, he said, this will happen after we ensure that the insurgents and al-Qaida Iraq (AQI) will not come back.
5. (S) The PM said that "we must continue to develop the police." They need weapons and equipment and additional training in combating terrorism. There have also been some problems within the IP, noting the recent arrest of a "gang" within the passport office that was taking bribes for counterfeiting passports (photo-substitution) of suspected former Ba'ath Party members. He said that the police taking bribes is a serious problem that undermines security in Iraq.
BAGHDAD 00000791 002 OF 003
"Terrorists can use our passports to move around freely with absolute anonymity." LTG Austin responded that the IP is twice as large as the IA and that it would take some more time to develop, acknowledging that the IA is far more capable at present. PM al-Maliki responded that the IP would eventually assume responsibility for internal security, allowing the IA to focus on external threats.
Politics and the Budget Process
6. (S) LTG Austin thanked the PM for his help with the SOI. "I thought that there would be more problems with them getting paid, but it now seems to have been resolved," LTG Austin remarked. The PM said that the COR may have been playing political games with the budget and that he had taken money from the MOI's budget to pay the salaries of the SOI. The COR is trying to sabotage our efforts, he said. The CDA took this opportunity to ask about the GOI's plan to fund this year's payments to GE on the contract signed last year for electrical generators. The PM assured the CDA that the payments would be made, even if the money had to come from their own salaries. The PM said that "we can not sacrifice electricity (referring to the GE contract), or security, of which the SOI are an important part, even if we have to cut the budget in other areas."
Former SOI Leader Adel Mashadani
7. (S) Updating the PM on the status of former SOI leader Adel Mashadani (REF B), XXXXXXXXXXXX. The PM responded that he is running out of patience on this matter and that it had already taken too long. He said that Mashadani's presence is a direct challenge to the GOI. He said that "we must develop a plan that minimizes collateral damage but has some acceptable risk," comparing the situation to Basra. This is a big problem, the PM said. "I will have our special forces and intelligence units work out a strategy and present it to you, we don't want to wait too long," al-Maliki advised. LTG Austin said that they are already working with Iraqi Special Forces units in the area, noting they had recently collaborated to arrest two suspected AQI operatives in Fadhel. "We will work with your forces to develop a plan, but we want to be cautious," LTG Austin said.
8. (S) The PM was insistent that we not wait too long, fearing that Mashadani might escape or that the GOI would be perceived as being complicit in Mashadani's criminal activity, or worse, that the GOI is incapable of acting against him. The PM said that we have gone after tougher and stronger targets than him, adding that we should not fear him. LTG Austin reiterated that he only wants to minimize casualties but that he understands the PM's concerns.
9. (S) Turning to the CDA, the PM asked about the arrival of Ambassador Hill. The CDA said that Ambassador Hill will have confirmation hearings in the Senate on March 25 and that, hopefully, he would arrive in Iraq sometime in April. The Qhopefully, he would arrive in Iraq sometime in April. The PM asked the CDA if she foresaw any problems. She responded that some Senators had expressed concern with Ambassador Hill's lack of experience in the Middle East and over his negotiations with North Korea. She said that Ambassador Hill had already met with Senators McCain and Graham to address such concerns. She expressed optimism that he would be confirmed by the Senate, noting that he was one of the Department's most accomplished diplomats. The PM said that he had discussed Ambassador Hill with President Obama when they last spoke and that President Obama said that Ambassador Hill "had his complete confidence" and that he is "the right man for the job." The PM told the CDA that "we welcome him to Iraq."
Oil Reform Proposals and Direct Contracts
10. (S) The CDA asked the PM about the status of the reform proposals from the oil symposium hosted by Deputy Prime Minister Barham Saleh in early March. She said that it was a
good sign that the government had formalized the symposium's conclusions into recommendations for government decision, and asked if the package would need only COM agreement or would also have to go to the COR for approval. The PM said no, he does not intend for the reform proposals to go to the COR and that he would do everything to avoid this, commenting that the COR would "take us into a political maze," which was completely unnecessary.
11. (S) Sadiq Rikabi, political advisor to the PM, asked the PM to inquire about the USG's position on direct contracts with international oil companies. The PM noted that he is in favor of direct contracts, in order to avoid the delays inherent in a bidding process. The PM said he is currently in negotiations with Chevron to develop various oil fields, to include a cross-border oil field with Iran (NFI). The PM claimed that Chevron had told him that it had already raised the issue of a cross-border development with Tehran as well. (Note: We have no independent confirmation of this; end note.) The PM asked the CDA about the political feasibility of such a deal involving a U.S. firm working both sides of a cross-border field, given current USG policies toward Iran. The CDA noted that U.S. law on sanctions would apply, but added that the Administration was reviewing its policies on Iran. PM al-Maliki said that he prefers to go with Chevron on the deal; however, he remarked that if U.S. rules prevent Chevron from doing this project, he would approach a non-American firm.
PM's Response to Demarche on the MEK
12. (S) The CDA informed the PM that she had been directed by Washington to deliver a demarche on Camp Ashraf (REF A). The CDA delivered the points in the demarche, without interruption by the PM. The PM then expressed some frustration and questioned why the GOI had to act so responsibly towards a organization determined to be a terrorist group by both Iraq and the U.S.. He noted that this created daily problems within the GOI. He asked the CDA to try to understand the very difficult situation that the GOI was in. "It is not because of Iran," he said. "We have great internal pressures to resolve this matter." The PM noted that he had been around for the last 20 years and knows very well who the MEK are and what they have done. The PM complained "they (MEK) are at the al-Rasheed hotel, meeting with COR members and conspiring against the GOI." He said that Iran had asked how the GOI could support cross border military actions by Turkey against the PKK, but not allow Iran to take similar action against the MEK at Camp Ashraf. He added that he is very concerned about a message delivered by Iran that it would attack the MEK at Camp Ashraf if no action was taken soon. Additionally, al-Maliki asked, given the drawdown of U.S. bases, whether the U.S. could help the GOI to use one of the transferred facilities - far from the Iranian border - as a new location for the MEK. LTG Austin told the PM that he will look into this possibility.
13. (S) The PM reassured the CDA that he would not take any action against the MEK. He said that he would abide by the humanitarian assurances provide by the GOI to the USG. He told the CDA that the GOI would not remove any of the Camp Ashraf residents to any country, including Iran, where they would be harmed. "We will not forcibly return any of them to Qwould be harmed. "We will not forcibly return any of them to Iran, even those suspected of crimes," al-Maliki stated. But, "they must understand that Iraq is not their home." The CDA noted that the European Union had delisted the MEK as a foreign terrorist organization and that we were working with other countries to encourage them to relocate the MEK. PM al-Maliki said that he met with ICRC President Jacob Kellenberger on March 18 who had also raised this issue with him and that they had discussed this issue at length. BUTENIS


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A 3413 Andriana (ideiglenes jelöléssel 1983 CB3) a Naprendszer kisbolygóövében található aszteroida. Norman G. Thomas fedezte fel 1983. február 15-én.

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*Post-Movie Talk: Did you love the movie? Was it terrible? YOU TELL US! Share your opinion with other movie-loving teens.
1. Select the number from the "Qty" dropdown menu (please let us know exactly how many people you'll be bringing).


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CE Meet @ Pune/Mumbai (India) - Join In!
The thought has been around for a long time on CE - CrazyEngineers offline meet!
1. Find out who's interested in CE Meet.
3. Fix the agenda for the meet.
Even if you can't join us for the meet, please do spread the word through Email or IMs [or whatever way you can].
Re: CE Meet @ Pune (India) - Join In!
3. CEans can be the ambassadors of CE at their colleges to post latest happenings on their campuses. We could then have one more section on the main page - Campus Rumpus. What say?
4. Saw the celab.tk site. First thought that it is some celebrity site , then saw the site itself. Suggest further PoA be discussed about the different projects on the same.
We'll announce the D-day at least 1 month in advance, so that it will be convenient for most of us to join in.
Moreover, the meet will happen on weekend.
4. Saw the celab.tk site. First thought that it is some celebrity site :smile:, then saw the site itself. Suggest further PoA be discussed about the different projects on the same.
Hmm.. PoA? POA - What does POA stand for? Acronyms and abbreviations by the Free Online Dictionary.
- Procrastinators of America ?
Let's keep the location Pune or Mumbai unless we have some serious organizers who are ready to take the initiative.
Thanks a lot Kida for explaining the meaning of POA. I was foxed by the abbreviation too.
@biggie: Your idea is good but can it materialize. What about the money, a place for members to stay, food will have to be served. All this needs money.
We can first have the meeting of a chapter where all the locals can come. After 2-3 such meets we should decide about the Combined CE meet.
We can also search for companies that would be willing to have their name associated with CE and will sponsor all such projects though all members will also have to pay some fees.
Oh, I should have mentioned that. Of course this is not a sponsored meet. Anyone who's free on our <yet to be decided> date and can come down to <yet to be decided> venue, is welcome.
We've a long way to go before we can host a all sponsored CE World Meet. So I request CEans in Pune/Mumbai to join in!
But one thing is sure - we must get started somewhere. All of you are free to host CE meets in your cities! In fact, it would be really great if some of you can initiate CE meets in your cities.
Count me in. My take would surely be Mumbai. But I'm open to travel to Pune for a day.
As a point of action (PoA) I think we should pen down the agenda and the duration of the meet. This will be helpful in deciding the venue. My suggestion is that lets keep the meet very playful and with all possibilities should be held in a resort accessible to all of you guys. If it is going to be Mumbai then I'll take the responsibility for the arrangements with some help from locals who wish to join.
In all cases I suggest the minimum participants at 5. Number of participants will govern the choice of venue.
And guys, this is going to be the self help meet. So be ready!
Forgot to mention, Patty the idea of chapters and sponsorship is excellent but it will take time to materialize.
I believe Resort would be a good option if the count exceeds 10. Otherwise, I think we can gather at CCD / Barista for a coffee & chit-chat.
CEans, don't just read this thread, join in!
Update: Let's have 5-6 meets in various cities across the world [CEans belonging to a city can get together]. Once we know that our meets are successful, we'll organize a bigger, sponsor-enabled  , meet. What do you say?
So, do we have leaders here?
Yeah. We need good participation. Lets tentatively keep the date as the last Sunday of June (28-6-2008). Just a suggestion.
1. CE Editorial team- official incorporation and activities distribution.
2. CE Labs- Discussion on how to go ahead.
3. Formation of CE creative & CE promoters team.
4. Sponsorships, if we can get and if we need them or not.
Your take... there may be many other suggestions. Just waiting to hear them.
As far as the costing/funding of the meet is concerned, lets keep it TTMM - Tere Tu Mere Main  .. or Dutch. CCD or a Barista would do.
I'm in complete agreement for a TTMM. Just in case if the audience is large, a CCD or a Barista may not suffice. So we will need to book a place, which means we will need to collect and mobilize funds prior to the meet.
This can be pretty much TTMM.
Lets do it for sure this time.
Be sure to post lots of photos for those of us who would have too long of a swim to join in.
Yep! I 'personally' take the responsibility of the photographs. We'll put them here  !
Where are all the people from Pune, Mumbai & nearby areas? Hello!
Thanks Buddy... We need that!
Just decide the Date, time n venue .
Yes sire, that's what we're discussing. Right now, we've votes for Mumbai & Pune [Venue, TBD].
All we need is some good response. So help us spread the word!
Topic of discussion:-How to spread the word CE all around !
Sure why not? We certainly will have a laptop and net connectivity.
CEans... Wake up. Look forward to more response for this thread.
Sure thing! Be there whenever we will host this conference.
Good to hear that from you Suyash. The location is going to be one of those. Lets gather some more participation, we will soon finalize the date.
I guess we should put up an advertisement in local newspaper  What say?
Hmmm. Thats a genuine concern. But we will surely work out a way around it.
so lets make it before june 23rd  ... 21st june .. wat say? Its a saturday folks!
I'm on for it. What say guys?
So its three of us now. What about the venue & the agenda?
So the count is Confirmed: 3 + Probables 4 => 7 ! woo hoo !
Add another 3 and we will have our threshold achieved. Agenda was discussed in my old post (refer post no. 13) Add or modify a thing or two and we are all set.
I'm sure CEan - Prady will join in. Probably we'll get more numbers if the meet is in Pune !
So, let's keep it Barista / CCD on FC Road  on 21st June. What say fellas?
ps: We'll try to have a live video streaming through Skype/YM so that CEans from all over the world can join in online!
3. What we can do all together.
Others, please add your suggestions also.
Welcome Pradeep. You are fourth confirm member who will be attending in person.
21st June, is final then... ??
If possible, can we make it a week earlier, say on 14th June??
make it a one huge successful day !!
I hope my reliance netConnect will be fast enough to support the video conference.
Regarding project discussions, is it possible to set up a place where CEans can work on experiments or projects? Perhaps rent a workshop or something?
Xero is still around? Haha.. what is he up to these days?
Any updates? Lets list down people who are coming. Folks, add me to your gtalk those who all are interested to join in. I think the last count was 6.
Yes agreed. The interested ones can send their contact details to us by email. But can we have the ones who have agreed already? The reason is, if the population is more, we will need to make arrangements accordingly.
i am excited.. nice idea! i am not an active participant in this forum. But hereafter. Unfortunately i am not in india right now.. May be next time guys. And also i can not speak hindi. Is it a problem there?
Of course not! In fact, we clearly say in our forum rules that the language for interaction is English!
This is our first meet. We'll have many such meets in different parts of the world. We'd love to have you in one of our meets!
Do tell your friends who are in Pune/Mumbai to join in!
hey mumbai will do,want something definately temme !!!
We'll have another meet in Mumbai! We've maximum number of CEans from Pune this time.
We'll announce the venue soon. Most probably, it will be CCD/Barista.
Count me in. By the way, how many CEans are coming for sure??
9. More will confirm soon.
We'll have a meet even if there are 6-7 of us. We'll have coffee together and discuss few things about CE.
This is our first CE meet so let's see how things go. We'll plan more CE meets in Pune/Mumbai in coming days.
Can't wait. what about the venue??
We'll announce it on a week in advance.
Biggie you forgot the date in your post. Its going to be 21st June.
Oh thats great Ash. I'm just updating Biggie's post. Here is a list of people who will be physically present. We should also have a list of CEans who wish to be present on a webcam too.
Okay. But I haven't yet sneaked a webcam in a cinema hall. Let's see how it goes .
Btw, movie is entirely optional. Mayur has 'warned' that CE meet shouldn't be boring.
This is our first meet and there's a big learning curve involved !
Hi guys, ive been away to a different city for a while and wanted to reply to this thread (weak net, so replied one thread before got d/c)!
Anyway, I was seriously thinking of coming to Pune because i have a few friends in Sangli and Bombay. But after a looong discussion with my brain, I think it will be difficult due to my health and also because I will return late (14thJune) back to Dubai! Oh, I wanted to be in Pune sooo badly! This is something new.
-New CE Lab projects including Ce Bot and CE Messenger.
-A brief look at potential "Small-talk" candidates.
hey count me in too....i m a new CE member...i m currently doing my training at pune...i'll be fun!!!
Oh what happened to your health xHx. Wish you could have been here. Anyway, this is not the one and only meeting we are going to hold. We will surely meet next time.
Take care and don't worry about the music. Psst! CE top management has good singers. :sshhh: You will enjoy!
Oh the health part. I have Ankylosing Spondylitis (A cousin of Rheumatoid Arthritis)... Dont usually tell cuz its difficult to explain its biological working. Walking long is difficult, anyway, my treatment will be in bombay by the end of this year, so then I might be able to visit Pune!
What abt the next meet?
and whats the Review of this meet?
I'm game for CE Meet at Kolkata. There are lots of CEans from Kolkata. Probably we should discuss the possibility in new thread.
Why not? We will rely on you for the CE Kolkata meet. But do we have enough participation?
PS: I just had a call with our Surat guy ediamondsrt. He is keen on doing some thing for Surat and wants to be a CE Evangelist. I'm game! Believe me, its great to see all the budding enthusiasm.
Definately Mayur U can always rely on me..


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Maggie Wolfinbarger was born on August 19, 1902 in Wagersville, Kentucky to P.A. and Susan Elizabeth Parrett Wofinbarger. When Maggie was four years old, her parents moved to Irvine where her father was employed as a carpenter for the Estill County Board of Education. He erected eight one-room school buildings in eight districts in the county. When Maggie was about five, she and her older sister and brothers were enrolled in the Irvine Grade School where Betty White was her teacher. Miss White taught her students to read form a chart and Maggie remembered being told she began to "reach out" or try to progress to the next grade levels. By the time she was nine years old, she was ready for the seventh grade.
After completing school, Maggie was appointed Postmaster of the Ravenna Post Office and held that position for 14 years. However, she felt a calling to be a missionary and took the teacher's examination in order to work with children. She worked for one year at the Oakdale School in Breathitt County. She decided during that year that teaching was too strenuous and not what she wanted in life. While walking to school one morning she felt an "unseen person" walking with her. When she arrived at school and checked her mail, she found a letter from the sheriff of Estill County, C.T. Williams, asking her to come and work in the sheriff's office.
After four years in the sheriff's office, Maggie went to Business College for two years and was subsequently elected to the position of Estill County Court Clerk. She held this office for six terms (24 years) form 1942 until 1966. "I prayed as I was appointed and prayed each morning before I opened the office to serve the people of Estill County." When asked if there were any other women that held elected office during that period of time, she said that there was only the school superintendent, Mamie Scott, as far as she remembered.
Maggie said that she was elected to the clerk's position six times because of three primary reasons. First, she prayed daily, second, she was honest and finally, she always tried to treat everyone with fairness. She said that she rode to work with everyone form the garbage man to the mayor. The biggest difference between the position today and then, she said, is the salary, which was $5,000.00 per year at the time she served.


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According to Online Colleges News, nearly 2,000 students die from alcohol-related injuries each year, which is one death for every two colleges in America. To raise awareness on the effects of alcohol and these statistics, the Sexual assault, Hazing, and Alcohol Prevention Education program, or SHAPE, paired up with Quadworks, and hosted Octsoberfest on Oct. 23. At the festival, students visited various booths and were tested on their knowledge about the effects of alcohol and experienced how drinking affects their motor abilities.
Before students could visit a booth, they queued in a line and received an Octsoberfest card. By participating in three out of the five activities, they earned three stamps on their card. With their three stamps, students earned a pretzel and refreshment. Activities at the festival ranged from a game of "drunk" basketball to trivia questions relating to alcohol awareness.
One of the most popular activities at the fest included students playing a game of "drunk basketball." For this activity, students put beer goggles on, which gave the participants a realistic perspective of how alcohol affects their eyesight. After dribbling to orange cones, the participant aimed the basketball into a trash can. However, this difficult feat proved to be almost impossible with the beer goggles on.
Another activity that was hosted at the event was the mock DUI test. For this activity, students placed the beer goggles over their eyes and made a 180-degree turn. Then, they proceeded to walk nine steps in a straight line.
Some students felt nauseous even putting the beer goggles on. "Oh gosh, I'm going to throw up," said freshman Madeleine DuRant, as she placed the beer goggles over her eyes before attempting to take her nine steps. DuRant "definitely didn't walk in a straight line," according to Ellyn Couillard, a Student Support Services Counselor, who supervised the mock DUI test booth.
"I think it's a great experiment for students to the repercussions of alcohol and see how it affects their abilities," said Couillard, who wore a German-inspired outfit in the spirit of the fest.
Although the hosted activities were light-hearted, a crushed truck parked on the street next to Porter Patch served as a symbolic reminder of the serious effects of drunk driving. The driver of the truck lost his life because of drunk driving. "The car serves as a reminder for students about the importance of drinking safely," said Director of Student Affairs Cindy Drury.


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I am teaching myself how to make uncooked foods with a bit of texture that can be a boon to a raw food diet. The following recipe that I concocted myself uses a dehydrator but you could use a low temp oven instead (unless you live in the humid south like New Orleans where mold grows just about anywhere).
If you try these let me know how it goes for you!
I call them Beta Flax because they contain raw carrot – beta carotene!
In a large bowl, add water to flax seeds and allow to hydrate for 1 – 2 hours.
In a food processor, grate carrots with grater attachment.
Replace grater attachment with the blade.
Add garlic, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, lemon juice, hydrated flax seeds.
Pulse the mixture and continue until flax seeds begin to break up and a dough begins to form, might take a few minutes (10?).
Using an offset spatula, spread the mixture onto paraflexx sheets and put into the dehydrator overnight.
The first 2 hours can be at 135F and then put to 115F for the overnight.
Occasionally take out trays and rotate them. Half way through process, flip the crackers so moist undersides can also dry.
Allow to cool and then store in a cool dark place in a ziptop bag.
Enjoy with all sorts of dips, as part of a savory mille-feuille, as a salad adornment, totally up to your imagination!
Looks yummy! I have just become acquainted with the whole notion of eating all raw foods. It was Susan Schenck's book, "The Live Food Factor," that made me change my ways. I was totally skeptical til I read this book. I realize now how much better I feel everyday. Thanks for the great recipe. I am definitely going to try it.
Leonel: wow, that looks like a neat site – will check it all out!
Becky: let me know if you like it once you make it!
rawdoctors.com They also have recipes, health news and lots of videos.
Is there a compromise for people without dehydrators, or who don't want to leave the oven on 100 degrees all day? Could I just heat them on about 250 for a few hours instead? I'd love to hear your advice.


text:
9350 Waseda este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9350 Waseda este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nyukasa de Masanori Hirasawa și Shohei Suzuki. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,37 ua, o excentricitate de 0,22 și o înclinație de 2,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1991
Centura de asteroizi


Buy quinceanera dress with beading at cheap price,every quinceanera dress with beading display here at the most qualified level.
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text:
Q: Crypto JS not encrypting properly in production mode I've the following code to send a message:
function sendMessage(data) {
        data.version = clientVersion;
        var message = { data: CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(JSON.stringify(data), system.Authentication.SendAuth, { mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC, padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7, iv: system.Authentication.Sendiv }).toString() };
        return JSON.stringify(message);
    }

This works just fine on dev mode. Expo app sends the encrypted message and gets decrypted properly. However, in production mode, the encrypted code gets sent and received no problem, but when decrypted by the server we get a negative sigBytes number. So the decryption failed.
This happened when updation from SDK 27 to SDK 31 of expo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sheriff Jim McDonnell (Retired)
Jim McDonnell began his law enforcement career in 1981 after graduating from the Los Angeles Police Academy. He served for 29 years at the Los Angeles Police Department where he demonstrated on a daily basis his guiding principles of integrity, and treating others with respect and dignity.
McDonnell has always been a reformer. While with the LAPD, he helped create the blueprint for LAPD's community-based policing programs that led to building strong relationships and communication between law enforcement and the diverse communities within the City of Los Angeles. During his tenure as second-in-command under Chief of Police Bill Bratton, the City of Los Angeles experienced some of its deepest drops in crime in all of its history.
Following his career at the LAPD, McDonnell served as the Chief of the Long Beach Police Department for five years. He implemented a number of initiatives that resulted in safer communities, increased morale amongst department staff, and improved community relations in long-neglected neighborhoods.
In 2014, Jim McDonnell was elected Sheriff of Los Angeles County andwas the first Sheriff in 100 years to be elected from outside the Sheriff's Department. As Sheriff, he worked with a broad coalition of community stakeholders to implement critical reform efforts within the Department and set it on the path to be the premier law enforcement agency in the nation.
During Sheriff McDonnell's term, there was a reduction in serious use of force inside jails and correctional facilities. Sheriff McDonnell supported the creation of the first Civilian Oversight Board to build greater accountability and increased communication with our diverse communities. He also created the Human Trafficking Bureau to address the victimization of young women, girls, and boys. Crime was also reduced across the county by empowering the community to work more closely with deputies.
Sheriff McDonnell also worked with the Board of Supervisors on a plan to replace the Men's Central Jail with an updated facility that will allow for better handling of those in custody with mental health and substance abuse challenges. And recognizing the need for greater accountability, Sheriff McDonnell fully deployed the Internal Affairs Bureau so that it could properly address problems within the department.
Sheriff McDonnell served as a member of the Citizens' Commission on Jail Violence—a blue ribbon group created by the County Board of Supervisors to investigate the validity and causes of allegations of excessive force within the LASD's Custody Division. The Commission issued a detailed report, including 63 recommendations that have become a roadmap for change within the Department.
Throughout his professional career, Sheriff McDonnell has implemented prevention-oriented strategies and programs that proactively address the root causes of crime—including mental illness, homelessness and the challenges facing youth at risk. To accomplish this, he has taken regional leadership roles while serving as President of the Los Angeles County Police Chiefs' Association, President of the California Peace Officers' Association, a member of the California Commission on Peace Officers' Standards & Training (POST), and a board member of the Peace Officers' Association of Los Angeles County.
Sheriff McDonnell holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from St. Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire and a Master's Degree in Public Administration from the University of Southern California. He is also a graduate of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Executive Institute and has completed executive education programs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.
Jim joins the CopDoc Podcast on January 6, 2021.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Kenyans disappointed as gov't fails to announce pay raise on Labour Day
By Benjamin Muriuki For Citizen Digital Published on: May 01, 2019 06:06 (EAT)
Kenyan workers were left disappointed after the government failed to announce an increase in the minimum or general wage during Labour Day celebrations on Wednesday.
A salary increment was one of the major expectations for the day considering the tough economic times and a plan by the government to introduce a 1.5% levy on employees' salaries to finance President Kenyatta's Housing development agenda.
President Uhuru Kenyatta did not attend the event, but Labour Cabinet Secretary Ukur Yattani, in his speech, only indicated that there would be discussions on the matter later in the week.
"I wish to state here that we are in the process of negotiating at the wages council between employers and employees so that a negotiation on whether its going to be a wage increase. We are going to discuss later in the week," said Yattani.
The failure by the government to announce a salary increment only served to compound the controversy surrounding the 1.5% housing levy.
The Central Organization for Trade Unions (COTU) has proposed a 15% general wage increase insisting it would help cushion Kenyans from 1.5% housing levy — a position opposed by the Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE), which boycotted the Labour Day celebrations.
"We want a 15% general wage increase. Once we get that, President Uhuru Kenyatta is free to deduct the 1.5% housing levy," said Atwoli.
Addressing the media earlier in the week, FKE Chairman Mark Obuya said it is not the government's mandate to increase salaries of employees who are not public servants.
Obuya however said FKE has already filed a case in court, accusing the government of failing to involve them before coming up with the housing levy, which will see employers and employees contribute 1.5 percent each towards the fund.


The Culpeper County Sheriff's Office in Virginia is planning to host a three-day training by John Guandolo, a notorious Muslim-basher and conspiracy theorist who resigned from the FBI before he could be investigated for misconduct, according to promotional materials.
BIRMINGHAM, Alabama — The Alabama State Board of Education dismissed last week allegations from conservative groups that 11 textbooks on the state's new list for social studies material are pro-Islamic and diminish Christianity.
BARTLETT, TN -(WMC-TV) – A booth at a festival for family fun is sparking outrage in Bartlett. Action News 5 received calls about a booth covered with anti-Muslim displays. One caller was too afraid to go on camera, but stated she found the display inappropriate and offensive.
Encouraging supporters across the country to "educate" their fellow Americans by entertaining conspiracies about the supposed threat Muslims in America pose to freedom of speech, tomorrow's events are likely to appeal to extremists of many stripes.
I have recently come across some major information regarding a pivotal member of Robert Spencer& Pamela Geller's inner circle, specifically David Yerushalmi.


text:
Q: Ubuntu 12.10 Software Center issues Failing at installing/removing any packages or codecs, plugin installation fails too.

An unhandlable error occured
There seems to be a programming error in aptdaemon, the software that
  allows you to install/remove software and to perform other package
  management related tasks.

Details:

org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildSignaled: Process
  /usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper received signal 6

while trying various commands through terminal I get these details at the end and info that dpkg has errors processing these...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 lsb-release
 python3.2-minimal
 python3.2
 python3-distupgrade
 ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
 python3-problem-report
 python3-apport
 apport
 apport-gtk
 libcompizconfig0
 compiz-gnome
 compiz
 firefox
 firefox-globalmenu
 firefox-gnome-support
 libpython3.2
 python-apport
 ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk

the following error also shows up in the terminal
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
EOFError: EOF read where not expected
Aborted (core dumped)

What should I do?

A: I just spent my morning recovering from just such a problem -- My battery in my laptop died while in the process of an update (yeah I know I'm an idiot! O_o)... I was getting the same error message:
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
EOFError: EOF read where not expected
Aborted (core dumped)

The way I fixed it is first:
sudo dpkg -P --force-all python3.2-minimal

sudo apt-get -f install

Which will re-install python3.2-minimal, but will still have errors from other packages -- a summary of errors will be shown at the end such as:
Errors were encountered while processing:
 python3-gi
 ufw
 python3-problem-report
 python3-apport
 apport
 python3-pykde4
 apport-kde
 ubuntu-release-upgrader-qt
 python3-aptdaemon
 python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

After that, simply take the list one-by-one:
sudo dpkg -P --force-all <package>

sudo apt-get -f install

Once you've purged and re-installed all packages with errors, the system should be back to normal and you can do a
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

Just to be sure everything is updated properly.
Hope that'll help someone in the future. :-)

A: Looks like a incomplete install. Did something happen during the install process? Have you tried apt-get update && apt-get upgrade to make sure you don't have stale packages running around.
Your error seems to be with python, which a lot of the system uses. You could try
sudo apt-get remove python3.2 --simulate

To see what APT will do if you remove it. But that could break a great many things.
Basically, either your python install is hosed, or your PYTHON environment variable is really goofed up.


text:
SYNONYM

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
null

#### Original name
Diaporthe cubensis Bruner, 1917

### Remarks
null


text:
News . Feature Stories . Brian Peterson '09 to address 2020 CIA grads
Link Magazine
Brian Peterson '09 to address 2020 CIA grads
Painter and designer sees an opportunity to inspire and encourage during his commencement speech
Brian Peterson, CIA's 2020 Commencement speaker, presented to Industrial Design students in February. Photo by Rob Muller / CIA
By Michael C. Butz
Portrait painter. Automobile designer. Nonprofit founder. Public speaker. Brian Peterson has held many titles in his young career, and he's about to add one more: Cleveland Institute of Art commencement speaker.
The 2009 CIA alum will deliver remarks during a virtual ceremony at 11am Friday, May 15. He considers the role "an absolute honor."
"The last five years, I've done a lot of speaking in different places and I feel like I've been prepared for this moment," says Peterson, 33. "This is probably the most special place I will speak because it's where I came from. It feels really good."
Commencement had been scheduled to take place at the Maltz Performing Arts Center but statewide bans on large public gatherings forced the ceremony online. Those restrictions have Peterson "looking forward to it even more."
"For me, the main thing that's amplified is what it looks like to face adversity and become an overcomer," he says. "I have some experience in that.
"I graduated in 2009, and that was the year the economy tanked and the automotive industry went bankrupt," says Peterson, who earned his BFA in Industrial Design. "So here I am, graduated from CIA and all of these companies I dreamed of working for were in bankruptcy or experiencing really hard financial times."
Faced with those realities, Peterson worked on his portfolio in ways he hadn't had time for as a CIA senior. A job designing desks for an office desk company allowed him a foot in the door with design and to hone his presentation-making skills. Facing such adversity taught him valuable lessons.
"I think that was my biggest learning experience, outside of my four years of school," he says. "What do you do when the world looks different than you thought it would?"
Peterson eventually was hired by Chrysler, then Kia, where he designed the interior of the 2017 Kia Niro.
While a student at CIA, Peterson showed interest in painting before pursuing automobile design—a story he previously shared with CIA. Painting never strayed far from his heart, and in 2016, his professional focus began to shift.
Following an encounter with a homeless neighbor in his California hometown, Peterson founded Faces of Santa Ana, a nonprofit through which he sells original portraits and prints of homeless people. Part of the proceeds help those men and women, but greater than that are the connections made and the sense of dignity often restored as his painting subjects see themselves through the eyes of the artist.
Faces of Santa Ana resonated. Peterson's portraits have in some cases sold for thousands of dollars, and his efforts even gained the attention of BBC Three.
Peterson found his work with the homeless to be rewarding in ways automotive design wasn't, and eventually, he faced a big decision: Should he continue down the career path he'd set for himself or focus on what he could accomplish through painting?
"I started processing those two feelings and started to realize that revealing paintings had so much more weight in my heart than seeing even my wife drive the car I designed," he says. "It was all a heart issue."
Peterson's heart led him to resign from Kia in November, but not before leaving his creative mark. He has two new car designs to his credit: the 2021 Kia Sorento and another "car everybody knows" that he can't yet reveal due to confidentiality.
That move helped clear a path for the launch of Faces of Anaheim in December 2019. The new nonprofit work with that city's homeless and also involves young artists from the community.
"The burning desire within my heart in this new season of my life is to not only paint the homeless and show them dignity and love, but also to walk with artists and teach them how important they really are," he says. "I feel like I have a mission deep within my heart to heal the wounds of the broken artists who have given up on their talents and dreams, and who maybe live under this Van Gogh impression of 'I have to die in order to be successful.'"
Peterson also looks forward to his opportunity to inspire CIA's graduating class. He hopes to help them realize that life will be their teacher, as it's been for him, and to encourage them to "always remain curious and open to change."
He also aims to help transform any "fear of the unknown" those in the Class of 2020 might be experiencing—similar to that which he experienced in 2009—into something that can positively impact their communities. He hopes they see that fear of the unknown can be transformed into something that positively affects their communities.
"My goal is to turn them into hope distributors," he says. "I'm taking on the role of being able to change their language so they can give away hope to their younger classmates, their families or the people in their circles."
Latest Headlines view all
It Wasn't A Gun: A material archive of police violence
An Interview with Joey Goergen of "Joey's World"
Artist Fashions Nike Air Jordan 5s From Trash
Two Chloe Niclas works won in a prestigious competition by @AmericanIllust in 2020. She also was commissioned by two high-profile publications. Her artistic style gained notice, and she began honing that style while at CIA. https://t.co/AzYqjmI7UD
2 days ago via Twitter
Students: Be sure to check your CIA email for info about COVID onboard testing—including signing up—for Spring Semester. https://t.co/wiLBQorF1Z
Happy New Year from the Cleveland Institute of Art! May your 2021 be filled with good health and numerous creative opportunities! #clevelandinstituteofart https://t.co/BBiwLdfHPa
14 days ago via Twitter
For more information about this or other CIA news, contact us here.


text:
L'enfance de Franz Liszt est la période de la vie de Franz Liszt qui va de sa naissance en 1811 à la mort de son père en 1827.

Franz Liszt naît à Raiding le , et grandit dans un milieu familial plutôt mélomane. De 1804 à 1809, son père Adam Liszt été second violoncelle dans l'Orchestre Esterházy. Chargé à partir de 1809 de l'administration du cheptel ovin de Raiding, Adam Liszt organise des soirées musicales avec quelques interprètes locaux.

De santé fragile, Franz Liszt manque à plusieurs reprises de succomber à des fièvres répétées. À six ans, il révèle des dispositions musicales singulières. Son père décide de lui enseigner le piano. En moins de deux ans, Liszt aborde l'essentiel de l'œuvre de Bach, Mozart et Beethoven. Conscient de ces progrès, Adam Liszt souhaite faire de son fils un enfant prodige, sur le modèle du jeune Mozart. Grâce au soutien financier de quelques nobles hongrois, la famille Liszt s'installe à Vienne en 1822. Franz Liszt suit les cours de piano de Carl Czerny et les cours de composition d'Antonio Salieri à Paris. Ainsi préparé il donne son premier concert public viennois à la Landständischer Saal le . Organisé quelques mois plus tard, le concert de la Redoutensaal a inspiré une légende biographique populaire : le baiser de consécration de Beethoven.

Devenu un pianiste reconnu, Liszt entreprend une tournée européenne en 1823. Elle est interrompue par un long séjour à Paris. Échouant à intégrer lÉcole royale de musique et de déclamation, Liszt multiplie les concerts privés et publics. Le , il joue au Théâtre-Italien. Son interprétation séduit la presse parisienne. Il est désormais couramment connu sous le sobriquet de petit Litz. Liszt étudie parallèlement la composition avec Anton Reicha et Ferdinando Paër. Il écrit un opéra, Don Sanche ou le Château de l'amour qui ne connaît qu'un succès mitigé. Il conçoit également une série de douze études, première esquisse des futures Études d'exécution transcendantes.

De 1824 à 1827, Liszt effectue de nombreuses tournées en Angleterre et en France. Au cours de l'été 1827, il tombe malade et séjourne dans une ville d'eau, Boulogne-sur-Mer. Il se rétablit, mais son père meurt. En l'absence de l'autorité paternelle, Franz Liszt met fin à sa carrière d'enfant-prodige.

 Contexte familial
Fils d'un instituteur, Georg Liszt, Adam Liszt possède une véritable vocation de musicien : . Il quitte la maison paternelle à quatorze ans pour étudier au Lycée royal catholique de Pressbourg (aujourd'hui Bratislava, la capitale de la République slovaque). Il suit parallèlement les cours de musique de Franz Paul Riegler. Diplômé de cette institution en 1795, il entre dans les ordres. Il intègre le noviciat franciscain de Malacka et se lie d'amitié avec un certain Joseph Wagner en l'an 1840 à Paris. Dans une étude comparée sur Adam et Franz Liszt, Émile Haraszti, s'étonne de cette étonnante préfiguration de l'amitié Liszt-Wagner. Transféré au monastère de Tyrnau, il est finalement renvoyé le , du fait de son . Abandonnant toute perspective de carrière religieuse, il s'inscrit en philosophie à l'université de Pressbourg. Il abandonne ces études au bout d'un an, faute de ressources matérielles suffisantes. Il obtient un emploi de comptable dans un des domaines des Esterházy. Il souhaite être muté à Eisenstadt, résidence principale du prince Nicolas Esterházy et de l'orchestre Esterházy. En 1801, il envoie au prince un Te Deum de sa composition. Celui-ci accepte sa mutation quatre ans plus tard et le nomme second violoncelle de l'orchestre Esterhazy. Membre d'une formation distinguée, Adam fréquente de nombreuses notabilités musicales. Il découvre le piano auprès de Johann Nepomuk Hummel et sympathise avec Luigi Cherubini et Joseph Haydn. En 1808, Ludwig van Beethoven vient créer et diriger sa Messe en ut majeur.

En 1809, Adam Liszt est soudainement muté à Raiding. Il occupe désormais un poste d'intendant du cheptel ovin local. Cette situation nouvelle lui déplaît : . Au cours de l'été 1810, Adam Liszt rend visite à son père Georg à Mattersdorf. Il y rencontre une femme de vingt-deux ans, Anna Lager. Originaire de Krems, elle occupe plusieurs places de domestique à Vienne, puis s'installe chez son frère, fabricant de savon à Mattersdorf. Adam Liszt l'épouse le  à Raiding.

 Petite enfance (1811-1818)

Franz Liszt naît le . Il est baptisé non à Raiding, qui ne dispose alors pas d'une paroisse autonome, mais à Unterfrauenhaid. Son certificat de baptême a été conservé. Il est rédigé en latin, alors seul langue officielle en Hongrie. Adam nomme son fils Franciscus, probablement en hommage aux franciscains ou à l'empereur François  d'Autriche. Le parrain et la marraine sont tous deux hongrois : Franciscus Zambothy et Julianna Szalay.

 Problèmes de santé
Franz Liszt se révèle de constitution fragile. Dans son journal, Adam Liszt note que son fils est sujet à . À l'âge de trois ans, il est victime d'une crise si violente que le charpentier du village lui construit un cercueil. Tout au long de sa vie, il reste affecté de fréquents accès de fièvre. Ces problèmes de santé résultent peut-être de l'environnement insalubre de Raiding, localité ouverte sur les marais du Neusiedlersee. Liszt apprend à lire et à écrire auprès du maître d'école local, Johann Rohrer. Ce dernier est bien connu des Liszt : il a servi de témoin lors du mariage d'Anna et Adam. Les conditions d'enseignement sont médiocres. Rohrer fait cours à une soixantaine d'enfants dans une petite classe de . Le programme scolaire s'en tient à un strict nécessaire : ni l'histoire, ni la géographie, ni les sciences naturelles ne sont abordées. Les quelques enseignements dispensés le sont en allemand : l'école ne devient hongroise qu'en 1835. Par la suite, Liszt se plaignit de cette instruction limitée.

De son côté, Adam Liszt fait face à de multiples difficultés matérielles. En 1812, il reçoit un blâme pour avoir détourné du bois mort à des fins de chauffage. La même année, les troupes françaises endommagent sa maison. Enfin, son piano succombe à l'humidité du climat : il doit céder plusieurs biens et meubles pour en racheter un second. Il organise néanmoins des soirées musicales avec quelques amis. De temps à autre, des musiciens d'Eisenstadt viennent les rejoindre. Successeur de Hummel, le maître de chapelle Fuchs passe fréquemment par Raiding.

 Initiation musicale
À six ans, Franz Liszt chante de mémoire le thème du Concerto en ut dièse mineur de Ries que son père a joué quelques heures plus tôt. Par la suite, il demande fréquemment à ce qu'on lui apprenne le piano. Craignant pour sa santé, Adam hésite quelque temps avant de s'y résoudre. En quelques mois, son fils fait des progrès remarquables. Assez bon musicien, Adam Liszt lui enseigne non seulement les fondamentaux du solfège, mais également l'improvisation, la transposition, le jeu à vue etc. De plus, il familiarise son fils avec un répertoire d'envergure. Dans une lettre adressée au prince Esterházy datée du , celui-ci prétend qu'il aurait acheté pour son fils quelque  Bogen, soit  pages de musique des plus grands maîtres. Au cours des 22 derniers mois, son fils aurait travaillé la plus grande partie de l'œuvre complète de Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Clementi, Hummel, Cramer, etc.. En l'occurrence, Liszt s'intéresse tout particulièrement à Beethoven. Il déclare à plusieurs reprises vouloir devenir .

Adam Liszt a vraisemblablement reporté sur son fils unique ses espoirs déçus. Joseph d'Ortigues mentionne qu'il lui adressait souvent l'exclamation suivante :

 Premiers concerts
À partir de 1819, Adam Liszt songe à s'installer à Vienne. Les progrès artistiques de son fils et son insatisfaction personnelle l'incitent à quitter Raiding pour la capitale de l'Empire des Habsbourg. Au cours de l'été, il effectue avec Franz un bref voyage à Vienne. Tous deux se rendent chez Czerny qui juge favorablement l'enfant-prodige et accepte vraisemblablement de devenir son professeur. Dans son journal, le pédagogue viennois se dit . Il critique néanmoins son jeu chaotique et ses doigtés aléatoires :

Ainsi conforté, Adam Liszt demande sa mutation à Vienne. Il se heurte au refus initial de son employeur, le prince Nicolas Esterházy. Les places à Vienne sont alors très convoitées et les Esterházy ne les attribuent qu'au compte-goutte. Jouant de ses relations, Adam parvient à convaincre le prince Nicolas d'écouter son fils. Ce faisant, le prince rend visite aux Liszt le  et s'avère convaincu par le jeu de Franz. Il n'autorise pas pour autant la mutation d'Adam, mais lui accorde néanmoins un congé d'un an. Visiblement déçu, Adam refuse ce soutien financier, et renvoie les deux cents florins qui lui sont attribués.

Adam renouvelle ses démarches l'année suivante. Il écrit le  une nouvelle supplique au prince et y affirme qu'en deux ans son fils a accompli des . Pour être pleinement développés ces dons nécessitent une éducation musicale appropriée qui implique autant l'appui d'un  que la fréquentation régulière des concerts et autres représentations musicales. Pour être appliqué, ce programme éducatif nécessiterait une subvention de  florins par an.

En octobre 1820, Liszt donne son premier concert public au vieux casino de Ödenburg. Sa présence n'est qu'une attraction supplémentaire : le concert est entièrement dédié à un ancien enfant prodige, alors sur le déclin, le baron von Braun. Liszt y joue un concerto en mi bémol majeur de Ferdinand Ries ainsi qu'une improvisation personnelle sur des mélodies populaires. Ces deux interprétations rencontrent un certain succès critique. En novembre, Adam Liszt emmène son fils à Pressbourg, où la diète se réunissait pour la première fois après une vacance de 13 ans. Le , Liszt se produit au Palais de Pauli de Pressbourg, devant une audience choisie d'aristocrates et de sociétaires. Favorablement impressionné, un groupe de magnats décide de se cotiser pour que Liszt puisse étudier à l'étranger. Il lui verse une pension annuelle de 600 Gulden pendant six ans.

 Vienne (1822-1823)
La famille Liszt quitte Raiding en  et s'installe dans une auberge des faubourgs de Vienne, Zum grünen Igel (Au hérisson vert). Adam Liszt manque d'argent et adresse de fréquentes suppliques à son patron, le prince Esterhazy. Ce dernier lui envoie quelques subventions par à-coup. Il profite néanmoins de son absence pour le renvoyer de son emploi à Raiding. En , les Liszt emménagent dans le centre de Vienne, au 1014 Krugerstrasse, à proximité de Carl Czerny. De santé fragile, Franz Liszt ne supportait plus de faire le trajet qui séparait le Zum grünen Igel de ses professeurs de musique.

 Deux professeurs : Czerny et Salieri
Comme convenu au cours du voyage exploratoire d'Adam Liszt, Carl Czerny devient le professeur de piano de Liszt. Assez sceptique vis-à-vis de sa technique pianistique, Czerny ne lui laisse d'abord travailler que d'arides exercices et lui interdit de fait le grand répertoire. Cette pédagogie sévère provoque une certaine tension entre le professeur et l'élève. Au bout de quelques mois, Czerny lui permet de jouer des œuvres plus gratifiantes telles que les sonates de Clementi. Afin de développer sa mémoire musicale, il ne lui laisse les partitions que très peu de temps. Le jeune Liszt est ainsi bientôt réputé pour la rapidité de sa lecture à vue.

À partir de , Liszt suit également les cours de composition d'Antonio Salieri trois fois par semaine. Salieri semble avoir été satisfait de son élève. À la fin août il écrit au prince Esterházy que . Sous sa direction Liszt compose sa première œuvre, un Tantum ergo aujourd'hui disparu. Par la suite, il participe, modestement, à l'entreprise collective des Variations Diabelli. Très influencée par Czerny, sa variation porte la mention .

 Deux concerts : Landständischer Saal et Redoutensaal
Tout au long de 1822, Liszt ne donne que des concerts privés. Czerny ne l'autorise à se produire publiquement qu'à la fin de l'année. Le 1er décembre 1822 il apparaît à la Landständischer Saal, aux côtés du violoniste Leo Lubin et de la cantatrice Caroline Ungher. Il y interprète le concerto en la mineur de Hummel, une improvisation sur un air de Zelmira de Rossini et une transcription de l'Allegretto de la  symphonie de Beethoven. Un compte-rendu de ce concert paru dans l'''Allgemeine Zeitung salue son interprétation de Hummel, mais critique l'improvisation, qui articule assez faiblement les thèmes qui la composent.

Le  il joue le Concerto en si mineur de Hummel et des variations de Moscheles au Kleiner Redoutensaal. La fin du programme mentionne également une . Ce Quelqu'un, avec un Q majuscule, n'est autre que Beethoven. La veille du concert, une délégation lui a humblement demandé de formuler ce thème écrit. Le compositeur refuse et montre par là qu'il n'a aucune intention d'assister à ce concert. Son absence manifeste n'a pas empêché l'élaboration et la propagation d'une légende très populaire : le Weihekuss ou baiser de consécration. Elle apparaît pour la première fois, en ces termes, chez Joseph d'Ortigues : . Par la suite, ces encouragements deviennent une proclamation, un regard ardent puis un baiser.

Cette légende possède néanmoins sa part de vérité : Liszt et Beethoven se sont bien rencontrés, mais pas à la Redoutensaal. Dans un entretien de 1875 avec Ilka Horowitz-Barnay, Liszt décrit un Weihekuss intimiste : . Liszt joue une pièce de Ries, une fugue de Bach et puis, finalement, l'ouverture du Concerto en ut majeur de Beethoven : .

Weihekuss ou pas Weihekuss, le concert de la Redoutensaal fait de Liszt un pianiste renommé. Adam Liszt souhaite donner à cette célébrité nouvelle une ampleur européenne. Il emmène son fils à Pesth, le  mai. Probablement de sa plume, les affiches du concert s'efforcent de flatter l'orgueil national des aristocrates hongrois qui avaient soutenu financièrement la carrière du jeune virtuose : . En août, il demande au prince Metternich une lettre de recommandation destinée à faciliter les tracasseries administratives qu'implique alors l'organisation des concerts à l'étranger. Il planifie visiblement un trajet calqué sur celui des enfants Mozart dans les années 1760 : Munich, Augsbourg, Stuttgart, Strasbourg et Paris et Londres en ligne de mire.

 Paris (1823-1827)

La famille Liszt quitte Vienne le . Afin de financer le voyage, Liszt multiplie les concerts à Munich, Augsbourg, où il donne trois concerts en quatre jours Stuttgart et Strasbourg. À Miesich, il est tenu pour l'égal de Mozart. Il arrive à Paris le . Adam Liszt prend une suite à l'hôtel d'Angleterre, situé 10 rue du Mail, soit juste en face de la fabrique de piano de Sébastien Érard. Ce dernier sympathise rapidement avec Liszt. Il songe à lui dédier un quatrième exemplaire de son piano à double-échappement.

Le lendemain-même de son arrivée, accompagné de son père, Liszt tente d'entrer à lÉcole royale de musique et de déclamation (aujourd'hui Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris). Il est évincé par le directeur d'alors, Cherubini. Une nouvelle législation empêche en effet les étrangers de prendre part aux classes de piano. Dans De la situation des artistes et de leur condition dans la société, série d'articles publiée en 1835, Liszt décrit ainsi son dépit : .

En conséquence de cet échec, Adam Liszt devient le seul professeur de piano de son fils. Il lui fait jouer quotidiennement gammes et études accompagnées au métronome ainsi que des fugues de Bach qu'il devait transposer dans différentes tonalités. Liszt se familiarise rapidement avec le français qui devient sa langue principale. Il donne ses premiers concerts parisiens en . Il se produit essentiellement sur des scènes secondaires ou privés, telles que le salon de la duchesse de Berry. Des encarts, élogieux, commencent à apparaître dans la presse. Surnommé le petit Litz, Liszt devient une figure récurrente de la vie musicale parisienne.

Afin de développer cette notoriété naissante, Adam Liszt entreprend de louer le Théâtre-Italien. Il s'arrange favorablement avec le directeur, Habeneck, et obtient des conditions préférentielles. Organisé le , ce concert marque . Le public parisien accueille très favorablement le jeune virtuose. L'on pressent en lui un second Mozart. Alphonse Martainville note ainsi : .

À partir de 1824, Liszt étudie la composition avec Anton Reicha et Ferdinando Paer. Les lettres d'Adam Liszt indiquent que son fils compose des concertos, des sonates, de la musique de chambre… Ces œuvres de jeunesse sont aujourd'hui perdues, exception faite de quelques pièces pour piano, publiées en 1824. Écrites dans un style typiquement viennois, ces pièces témoignent de l'influence de Czerny sur le jeune Liszt. Avec l'aide de Fernando Paer, il se lance également dans la composition de son unique opéra, Don Sanche, ou Le château de l'amour. Dirigé par Rodolphe Kreutzer, avec Adolphe Nourrit dans le rôle de Sanche, l'ouvrage est créé à l'Académie royale de Musique le . Il ne rencontre pas le succès attendu : . Désappointé par cet échec, Liszt délaisse la musique et se tourne vers la religion. Son père l'oblige néanmoins à poursuivre sa carrière de virtuose :

En 1824, 1825 et 1827 il effectue trois tournées en Angleterre, où la presse le surnomme Master Liszt''. Ces nombreuses représentations s'avèrent très lucratives. Peu de temps avant de mourir, Adam Liszt investit quelque  chez son ancien employeur, le Prince Esterházy. La mère de Liszt continuera de percevoir les intérêts de ce placement jusqu'à sa mort en 1866 En 1826, Liszt commence à composer ses Études, sa seule œuvre de jeunesse qu'il ne reniera pas par la suite. Il prévoit d'écrire 48 pièces, mais seules 12 pièces seront publiées sous son opus 6.

Liszt tombe malade pendant l'été 1827. Adam Liszt l'emmène dans une ville d'eau, Boulogne-sur-Mer. Tandis que Liszt se remet, son père contracte le typhus et décède le .

Par la suite, Liszt a toujours jugé d'un œil critique sa carrière d'enfant prodige. Elle lui a certes garanti une indépendance financière et un renom précoces. Toutefois, l'exclusivité de cette carrière a nui à son développement intellectuel. Il s'est rapidement efforcé de compenser ce manque d'éducation. À partir de 1830, il commence à lire frénétiquement. À la fin de sa vie, il possède plusieurs milliers de livres. En 1880, il écrit à Lina Ramann que ses compositions de jeunesse ne valaient pas grand chose et s'estime satisfait qu'elles aient en grande partie disparu.

Notes et références

Autres références

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 Maison natale de Franz Liszt

Enfance
Liszt


Do you want to see how protein molecules are?
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading killer of children and immunocompromised individuals. S. pneumoniae has become increasingly resistant to major antibiotics, and therefore the development of new antibiotic strategies is desperately needed. Targeting bacterial cell division is one such strategy, specifically targeting essential proteins for the synthesis and breakdown of peptidoglycan. Across multiple species of bacteria, the protein FtsX is a cell division protein involved in the regulation of peptidoglycan hydrolases. FtsX represents a large group of ABC-transporter like proteins that function as 'mechanotransmitters', proteins that relay signals from inside the cell to the outside. In a collaborative international (Spain, Norway and USA) effort leaded by IQFR and University Indiana Bloomington we present the first structural characterization of the large extracellular loop of FtsX from the human opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We show the direct interaction between the peptidoglycan hydrolase PcsB and FtsX, and that this interaction is essential for cell viability. As such, FtsX represents an attractive, conserved target for the development of new classes of antibiotics.
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are known to play an essential role between the neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS-1) and the guanine exchange factor Ric8a to regulate synapse function, emerging as a druggable interface for synaptopathies such as the Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In a previous study published in PNAS, the phenothiazine FD44 was identified as an inhibitor of this PPI, decreasing the abnormally high synapse number and enhancing associative learning in a FXS animal model. In this new work published in J.Med.Chem., we have integrated advanced experimental and computational studies to obtain important structural insights into NCS-1/FD44 recognition to understand the basis of its affinity and specificity to generate improved PPI regulators. This has allowed the identification of a new small drug-like molecule, IGS-1.76, which efficiently inhibits the NCS-1/Ric8a complex with improved binding potency. The crystal structure of the NCS-1/IGS-1.76 complex demonstrates that the new inhibitor, although chemically different to FD44, shares the same mechanism of action and constitutes a promissing candidate for FXS pharmacotherapy and related synaptopathies such as ADS, schizophrenia or Rett syndrome.
The quinazolinones are a new class of antibacterials with in vivo efficacy against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The quinazolinones target cell-wall biosynthesis and have a unique mechanism of action by binding to the allosteric site of penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a. The combination of the quinazolinone with the commercial piperacillin-tazobactam showed bactericidal synergy. We demonstrated the efficacy of the triple-drug combination in a mouse MRSA neutropenic thigh-infection model. The proposed mechanism for the synergistic activity in MRSA involves inhibition of the β-lactamase by tazobactam, which protects piperacillin from hydrolysis, which can then inhibit its target PBP2a. Furthermore, the quinazolinone binds to the allosteric site of PBP2a triggering the allosteric response. This leads to the opening of the active site, which in turn binds another molecule of piperacillin. The collective effect is the impairment of cell-wall biosynthesis, with bactericidal consequence. Two crystal structures for complexes of the antibiotics with PBP2a provide support for the proposed mechanism of action.
β-lactam antibiotics are currently the most used antibiotics. These antibiotics prevent bacterial cell wall formation, critical for bacterial survive. The cell wall contains the PG which is formed by alternated units of N-acetilglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetilmuramic acid (NAM) with peptide stems attached to NAM. These peptide stems are cross-linked creating a net. β-lactam antibiotics inhibit the transpeptidation process between peptides promoting the accumulation of aberrant long fragments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa attempts to repair this damage by the lytic transglycosilase Slt. In our work we have managed to solve the structure of the enzyme Slt to carry out the study of its catalytic mechanism getting several complexes with analogous of its natural substrate. Slt is able to degrade the PG through both endolytic (in the middle of chain) and exolytic (in one end) cut. Slt can accommodate the PG thanks to a long catalytic throat with up to 10 positions for NAG/NAM units together with certain key residues that interact with the peptide stems. These results disclose the details of bacterial response to the β-lactam antibiotic challenge.
Transpeptidases, members of the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) families, catalyze crosslinking of the bacterial cell wall. This transformation is critical for the survival of bacteria and it is the target of inhibition by β-lactam antibiotics. We report herein our structural insights into catalysis by the essential PBP2x of Streptococcus pneumoniae by disclosing a total of four X-ray structures, two computational models based on the crystal structures and molecular-dynamics simulations. The X-ray structures are for the apo PBP2x, the enzyme modified covalently in the active site by oxacillin (a penicillin antibiotic), the enzyme modified by oxacillin in the presence of a synthetic tetrasaccharide surrogate for the cell-wall peptidoglycan and a non-covalent complex of cefepime (a cephalosporin antibiotic) bound to the active site. A pre-requisite for catalysis by transpeptidases, including PBP2x, is the molecular recognition of nascent peptidoglycan strands, which harbor pentapeptide stems. We disclose that the recognition of nascent peptidoglycan by PBP2x takes place by complexation of one pentapeptide stem at an allosteric site located in the PASTA domains of this enzyme. This binding predisposes the third pentapeptide stem in the same nascent peptidoglycan strand to penetration into the active site for the turnover events. The complexation of the two pentapeptide stems in the same peptidoglycan strand is a recognition motif for the nascent peptidoglycan, critical for the cell-wall crosslinking reaction.
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text:
Euthria pulicaria is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Buccinidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1906 door Dautzenberg & Fisher.

Buccinidae


Choreographed by Rebecca Hall and Emrys Goldsworthy, Cerulean will premiere Sunday, April 14 at the dynamic, warehouse-style venue The Joinery, West End.
The production combines the talents of seven outstanding young dancers from Australia and Singapore with 10 young musicians from the University of Queensland School of Music, who are also part of the SXS 2019 SXS Next Gen Artists Program.
As a former member of Expressions Dance Company (EDC), Hall has collaborated with SXS and Artistic Director Tania Frazer on a number of cross artform performances and is excited to work with SXS and UQ School of Music with the MXPC dancers and the SXS Next Gen music students.
"I'm thrilled to be able to offer students this opportunity to share their passion for dance and music with each other and up close with the audiences in this amazing, new venue in the heart of West End," Hall said.
Cerulean is based on the Hindu belief of throat chakra, which is represented by the colour cerulean blue. The throat chakra is believed to be the centre of purity and truth in the human body.
"Cerulean will bleed colour, emotion and physicality of the ramifications humans create for themselves and others," Hall explained.
The production promises to be an exciting live performance experience for the audience in a unique, up-close, cocktail-style setting that promises to bring this original work to life.
For Hall, this world premiere work will be the realisation of a lifelong goal: to create an elite Performance Centre that utilises scientifically-based programs to create elite athletes and provide the optimum performance potential for each individual dancer — an area she believes needs greater attention after her own dance training experience.
In 2003, as a very young dancer, Hall fractured her back (lumbar spine on both sides – L4 & L5) whilst dancing. She was told by teachers, doctors and peers that she may never dance again. Her sheer determination and passion for dance meant her parents sourced any professional help far and wide across Queensland. Her journey was centered around finding appropriate strength training and Pilates to rehabilitate her body and provide a program specialised for her physique. This was, and still is, an area Hall believes is in high demand and a missing key for dancers. MXPC provides the optimum performance potential and career paths for individual dancers - the only one of its kind in Australia today.
For more information on MXPC, visit https://methodx.com.au/mxpc. Book tickets to one of the two Cerulean performances at www.eventbrite.com.au.