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Home Lytton Biotic And Abiotic Components Of Forest Ecosystem Pdf
Biotic and abiotic components of forest ecosystem pdf
Difference Between Biotic and Abiotic Pediaa.Com
BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC REGULATION OF LIGHTNING FIRE INITIATION. Thus, in hurricane-impacted forests, large variations in abiotic and biotic conditions likely shape seedling dynamics, which in turn will contribute to patterns of forest recovery., The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of ….
BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC REGULATION OF LIGHTNING FIRE INITIATION
Biotic and Abiotic Components of Environment Edurite.com. I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2%, 12/05/2015 · These are the sources and citations used to research Mangrove ecosystems and their abiotic and biotic factors. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on ….
Alberta, Canada, to demonstrate how these biotic and abiotic components contribute to ecosystem dynamics in the mixedwood boreal forest. We used logistic regression to describe I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2%
2/06/2017 · what are the components of ecosystem,ecosystem,biotic factors,abiotic factors,what is an ecosystem,what is ecosystem,ecosystem definition,abiotic,biotic,define ecosystem,types of ecosystem,the I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2%
Components of Forest Ecosystem: Abiotic components: Soil, moisture, air and sunlight. Biotic components : Mainly of three types Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers and transformers . Producers : Producers are the green plants of the forest . Biotic components are living organisms in an ecosystem. A biotic factor is a living organism that affects another organism in its ecosystem. Examples include plants and animals that the organism consumes as food, and animals that consume the organism.
Abiotic or Nonliving things have a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The factors of Abiotic have varied components and aspect in the physical environment on how they affect biotic factors. Below are some of the observations that will help you to learn further about Abiotic factors. 9 While trees sometimes stand alone, most often they are part of a community called a forest. Forests consist not only of living (biotic) components like
Abiotic or Nonliving things have a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The factors of Abiotic have varied components and aspect in the physical environment on how they affect biotic factors. Below are some of the observations that will help you to learn further about Abiotic factors. Forest, grassland and desert are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems; pond, lake, wetland, river and estuary are some examples of aquatic ecosystems. Crop fields and an aquarium may also be considered as man-made ecosystems. In the ecosystem, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. An ecosystem can be of any size but usually …
The biological components of the ecosystem that is the biotic components interact with the physical entities (abiotic components). The scientific study of the interaction of biotic community with each other and with abiotic components is known as Ecology. Alberta, Canada, to demonstrate how these biotic and abiotic components contribute to ecosystem dynamics in the mixedwood boreal forest. We used logistic regression to describe
Forests are vital components of the urban landscape because they provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, storm-water mitigation, and air-quality improvement. The organic components of an ecosystem are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, all of which are synthesized by the biota (flora and fauna) of an ecosystem and are reached to ecosystem as their wastes, dead remains, etc, The climate, tempeВrature, light, soil, etc., are other abiotic components of the ecoВsystem.
Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems Georg Wohlfahrt,1* … Abiotic or Nonliving things have a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. The factors of Abiotic have varied components and aspect in the physical environment on how they affect biotic factors. Below are some of the observations that will help you to learn further about Abiotic factors.
Difference between Abiotic and Biotic – Difference Between
Abiotic and biotic drivers of seedling survival in a. 7s11 demonstrate an understanding of an ecosystem (e.g., a log, a pond, a forest) as a system of interactions between living organisms and their environment 7s12 identify biotic and abiotic elements in an ecosystem, and describe the interactions between them (e.g., between hours of sunlight and the growth of plants in a pond; between a termite colony and a decaying log; between the soil, The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of ….
Abiotic Factors A Component of Ecosystem Owlcation
Freshwater Biome Abiotic Factors ScienceStruck. 20/10/1980В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for Give one abiotic component of an ecosystem. (1mark) (1mark) Key idea: Ecosystems exist as a range of scales and involve the interaction between biotic and abiotic components..
What are the components of ecosystem? YouTube
KIS_AQUATIC_SC.pdf Ecosystem Natural Environment
Biotic Abiotic and Management Controls on the Net
biotic and abiotic factors such that the relationships are independent of ecosystem type, whether it be forest, grassland, or desert'? ANPP as a function of peak foliar standing crop (FSC) was best explained by models which showed This is the main difference between biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements directly depend on abiotic elements in an ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic elements can be subcategorized into components, resources, and factors.
Abiotic and Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors The abiotic factors of this rain forest biome are: the amount of water and sunlight, its climate and weather, and the levels of precipitation. I think one of the most intricate relationship between biotic and abiotic factors is between the chemicals and plants within an ecosystem. Plants, being producers, need to make food from seemingly nothing. They do this by gathering and synthesizing different chemicals available to …
A forest is an immense and diverse habitat with many biotic and abiotic factors, both of which can vary depending on the type of forest and it's climate. I will use a temperate deciduous forest as my example: Oak trees, Lady Ferns, White-Tailed Deer, Opossum, Coyote, Raccoon, Terrestrial Isopods, and much much more. Humans have an impact on many abiotic factors, but the social ones are particularly susceptible to larger scale change and this can have profound impacts on other abiotic factors, biotic factors and ecosystems. Examples of social abiotic factors are clear-cutting of forests…
Components of Forest Ecosystem: Abiotic components: Soil, moisture, air and sunlight. Biotic components : Mainly of three types Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers and transformers . Producers : Producers are the green plants of the forest . Humans have an impact on many abiotic factors, but the social ones are particularly susceptible to larger scale change and this can have profound impacts on other abiotic factors, biotic factors and ecosystems. Examples of social abiotic factors are clear-cutting of forests…
Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems Georg Wohlfahrt,1* … This is the main difference between biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements directly depend on abiotic elements in an ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic elements can be subcategorized into components, resources, and factors.
The organic components of an ecosystem are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, all of which are synthesized by the biota (flora and fauna) of an ecosystem and are reached to ecosystem as their wastes, dead remains, etc, The climate, tempeВrature, light, soil, etc., are other abiotic components of the ecoВsystem. Ecosystem between its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. rock. (b) Biotic components (Living) (i) Producers: The green plants manufacture food for the entire ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. Based on food preferences they can be grouped into three broad categories. cat.g. For example. lion. proteins. (ii) Inorganic substances: Carbon dioxide. temperature
12/01/2011В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for Forests are vital components of the urban landscape because they provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, storm-water mitigation, and air-quality improvement.
Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems Georg Wohlfahrt,1* … In biology, an abiotic factor is any nonliving thing that makes life possible or has helped create an environment for life to develop. Abiotic factors include weather, temperature, chemical components, gases and geological features such as rocks and minerals.
12/05/2015 · These are the sources and citations used to research Mangrove ecosystems and their abiotic and biotic factors. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on … I think one of the most intricate relationship between biotic and abiotic factors is between the chemicals and plants within an ecosystem. Plants, being producers, need to make food from seemingly nothing. They do this by gathering and synthesizing different chemicals available to …
biotic and abiotic factors such that the relationships are independent of ecosystem type, whether it be forest, grassland, or desert'? ANPP as a function of peak foliar standing crop (FSC) was best explained by models which showed 12/05/2015 · These are the sources and citations used to research Mangrove ecosystems and their abiotic and biotic factors. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on …
Abiotic Factors in the Redwood Forest Ecosystem Hunker
Abiotic Factors A Component of Ecosystem Owlcation. A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (Biotic components) in that area functioning together with …, This is the main difference between biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements directly depend on abiotic elements in an ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic elements can be subcategorized into components, resources, and factors..
Abiotic and biotic drivers of seedling survival in a
Difference Between Biotic and Abiotic Pediaa.Com. 9 While trees sometimes stand alone, most often they are part of a community called a forest. Forests consist not only of living (biotic) components like, A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (Biotic components) in that area functioning together with ….
2/06/2017В В· what are the components of ecosystem,ecosystem,biotic factors,abiotic factors,what is an ecosystem,what is ecosystem,ecosystem definition,abiotic,biotic,define ecosystem,types of ecosystem,the 20/10/1980В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for
I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2% An ecosystem has two basic components i) Abiotic components ii) Biotic components The relationship between the abiotic components and the biotic components of the ecosystem …
Thus, in hurricane-impacted forests, large variations in abiotic and biotic conditions likely shape seedling dynamics, which in turn will contribute to patterns of forest recovery. interdependencies between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem and energy flow. Explains how the local environment might recover from the weather event. Science Understanding Science Inquiry Skills Biological sciences Communicating Explains how an ecosystem responds to an extreme weather event with reference to interdependencies between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem
Forests are vital components of the urban landscape because they provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, storm-water mitigation, and air-quality improvement. 9 While trees sometimes stand alone, most often they are part of a community called a forest. Forests consist not only of living (biotic) components like
Ecosystem between its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. rock. (b) Biotic components (Living) (i) Producers: The green plants manufacture food for the entire ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. Based on food preferences they can be grouped into three broad categories. cat.g. For example. lion. proteins. (ii) Inorganic substances: Carbon dioxide. temperature Biotic components are living organisms in an ecosystem. A biotic factor is a living organism that affects another organism in its ecosystem. Examples include plants and animals that the organism consumes as food, and animals that consume the organism.
20/10/1980 · A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for A forest is an immense and diverse habitat with many biotic and abiotic factors, both of which can vary depending on the type of forest and it's climate. I will use a temperate deciduous forest as my example: Oak trees, Lady Ferns, White-Tailed Deer, Opossum, Coyote, Raccoon, Terrestrial Isopods, and much much more.
Biotic components are living organisms in an ecosystem. A biotic factor is a living organism that affects another organism in its ecosystem. Examples include plants and animals that the organism consumes as food, and animals that consume the organism. I think one of the most intricate relationship between biotic and abiotic factors is between the chemicals and plants within an ecosystem. Plants, being producers, need to make food from seemingly nothing. They do this by gathering and synthesizing different chemicals available to …
This is the main difference between biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements directly depend on abiotic elements in an ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic elements can be subcategorized into components, resources, and factors. The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of …
Biotic components are living organisms in an ecosystem. A biotic factor is a living organism that affects another organism in its ecosystem. Examples include plants and animals that the organism consumes as food, and animals that consume the organism. Abiotic and Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors The abiotic factors of this rain forest biome are: the amount of water and sunlight, its climate and weather, and the levels of precipitation.
The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of … I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2%
A forest is an immense and diverse habitat with many biotic and abiotic factors, both of which can vary depending on the type of forest and it's climate. I will use a temperate deciduous forest as my example: Oak trees, Lady Ferns, White-Tailed Deer, Opossum, Coyote, Raccoon, Terrestrial Isopods, and much much more. 9 While trees sometimes stand alone, most often they are part of a community called a forest. Forests consist not only of living (biotic) components like
2/06/2017 · what are the components of ecosystem,ecosystem,biotic factors,abiotic factors,what is an ecosystem,what is ecosystem,ecosystem definition,abiotic,biotic,define ecosystem,types of ecosystem,the An ecosystem has two basic components i) Abiotic components ii) Biotic components The relationship between the abiotic components and the biotic components of the ecosystem …
I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2% 9 While trees sometimes stand alone, most often they are part of a community called a forest. Forests consist not only of living (biotic) components like
I – Priority Parameters: Abiotic and Biotic Components – Muoghalu J.I. evapotranspiration and this accounts for the differences between forest, grassland, and desert. About 97% of Earth's volume of water is found in the oceans and is too salty for drinking and growing crops and for most industrial uses except cooling. The remaining 3% is freshwater. Of this, more than 75% (about 2% Components of Forest Ecosystem: Abiotic components: Soil, moisture, air and sunlight. Biotic components : Mainly of three types Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers and transformers . Producers : Producers are the green plants of the forest .
(PDF) Biotic Abiotic and Management Controls on the Net. 2. All ecosystems are characterised by biotic (living organisms) and abiotic components (e.g. climate, soil, rocks) and the biological, geochemical and physical processes (the ecosystem, interdependencies between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem and energy flow. Explains how the local environment might recover from the weather event. Science Understanding Science Inquiry Skills Biological sciences Communicating Explains how an ecosystem responds to an extreme weather event with reference to interdependencies between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem.
Biotic and Abiotic Components of Environment Edurite.com
What are the components of ecosystem? YouTube. This is the main difference between biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements directly depend on abiotic elements in an ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic elements can be subcategorized into components, resources, and factors., Thus, in hurricane-impacted forests, large variations in abiotic and biotic conditions likely shape seedling dynamics, which in turn will contribute to patterns of forest recovery..
(PDF) Biotic Abiotic and Management Controls on the Net. Abiotic and Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors The abiotic factors of this rain forest biome are: the amount of water and sunlight, its climate and weather, and the levels of precipitation., 2/06/2017В В· what are the components of ecosystem,ecosystem,biotic factors,abiotic factors,what is an ecosystem,what is ecosystem,ecosystem definition,abiotic,biotic,define ecosystem,types of ecosystem,the.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors Comparison Difference and
(PDF) Biotic Abiotic and Management Controls on the Net. The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of … Alberta, Canada, to demonstrate how these biotic and abiotic components contribute to ecosystem dynamics in the mixedwood boreal forest. We used logistic regression to describe.
TOPIC The Living World Slide 1 Biotic and abiotic parts
Humans have an impact on many abiotic factors, but the social ones are particularly susceptible to larger scale change and this can have profound impacts on other abiotic factors, biotic factors and ecosystems. Examples of social abiotic factors are clear-cutting of forests… 2. All ecosystems are characterised by biotic (living organisms) and abiotic components (e.g. climate, soil, rocks) and the biological, geochemical and physical processes (the ecosystem
Ecosystem between its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. rock. (b) Biotic components (Living) (i) Producers: The green plants manufacture food for the entire ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. Based on food preferences they can be grouped into three broad categories. cat.g. For example. lion. proteins. (ii) Inorganic substances: Carbon dioxide. temperature Biotic factors in a forest ecosystem are living things that are necessary to ensure that life is sustained within the forest. The word biotic is translated to mean "things that have life" or "living things."
20/10/1980В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for 9 While trees sometimes stand alone, most often they are part of a community called a forest. Forests consist not only of living (biotic) components like
12/01/2011В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for 20/10/1980В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for
12/05/2015 · These are the sources and citations used to research Mangrove ecosystems and their abiotic and biotic factors. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on … The biological components of the ecosystem that is the biotic components interact with the physical entities (abiotic components). The scientific study of the interaction of biotic community with each other and with abiotic components is known as Ecology.
20/10/1980В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for The biological components of the ecosystem that is the biotic components interact with the physical entities (abiotic components). The scientific study of the interaction of biotic community with each other and with abiotic components is known as Ecology.
Ecosystem between its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. rock. (b) Biotic components (Living) (i) Producers: The green plants manufacture food for the entire ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. Based on food preferences they can be grouped into three broad categories. cat.g. For example. lion. proteins. (ii) Inorganic substances: Carbon dioxide. temperature Components of Forest Ecosystem: Abiotic components: Soil, moisture, air and sunlight. Biotic components : Mainly of three types Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers and transformers . Producers : Producers are the green plants of the forest .
A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (Biotic components) in that area functioning together with … Give one abiotic component of an ecosystem. (1mark) (1mark) Key idea: Ecosystems exist as a range of scales and involve the interaction between biotic and abiotic components.
The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of … Thus, in hurricane-impacted forests, large variations in abiotic and biotic conditions likely shape seedling dynamics, which in turn will contribute to patterns of forest recovery.
An ecosystem is composed of two main components: biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are the living parts of the ecosystem, such as plants, animals, insects, fungi and bacteria. Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the ecosystem, which influence the size and composition of the living parts: these are components like minerals, light, heat, rocks and water. Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems Article (PDF Available) in Ecosystems 11(8):1338-1351 · …
The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of … This is the main difference between biotic and abiotic. Biotic elements directly depend on abiotic elements in an ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic elements can be subcategorized into components, resources, and factors.
2/06/2017В В· what are the components of ecosystem,ecosystem,biotic factors,abiotic factors,what is an ecosystem,what is ecosystem,ecosystem definition,abiotic,biotic,define ecosystem,types of ecosystem,the Students will identify the characteristics and interactions of biotic and abiotic components of several ecosystems, and describe the importance of these components in a sustainable ecosystem.
Abiotic and Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors The abiotic factors of this rain forest biome are: the amount of water and sunlight, its climate and weather, and the levels of precipitation. Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems Georg Wohlfahrt,1* …
12/01/2011В В· A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms ( Biotic components ) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( abiotic ) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important. Relationship to other branches of ecology Redwood tree in northern California forest, where many trees are managed for Ecosystem between its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. rock. (b) Biotic components (Living) (i) Producers: The green plants manufacture food for the entire ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis. Based on food preferences they can be grouped into three broad categories. cat.g. For example. lion. proteins. (ii) Inorganic substances: Carbon dioxide. temperature
The abiotic components of this biome are broadly categorized into two groups: (i) physical factors and (ii) chemical factors. Physical factors include the physical characteristic traits of freshwater ecosystem, such as the depth of water, amount of sunlight, and the amount of … Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem. They are sorted into three groups: producers or autotrophs, consumers or heterotrophs, and decomposers or detritivores. Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem. They are sorted into three groups: producers or autotrophs
An ecosystem is composed of two main components: biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are the living parts of the ecosystem, such as plants, animals, insects, fungi and bacteria. Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of the ecosystem, which influence the size and composition of the living parts: these are components like minerals, light, heat, rocks and water. Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems Georg Wohlfahrt,1* …
Give one abiotic component of an ecosystem. (1mark) (1mark) Key idea: Ecosystems exist as a range of scales and involve the interaction between biotic and abiotic components. The absolute most essential involving abiotic and biotic is the fact that abiotic identifies non physiological and living components that perception that the eco-systems where-as jelqing clarifies these living components that have a direct effect within the environment.
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Q: Import PG Dump Into Sqlite3 So I have a PG dump and am wanting to import it into my sqlite3 db. What are some ways that I can go about this? I'm guessing that it might need to be converted to another format?

A: rake db:structure:dump
and use tool like sqliteman (available for linux) to import sql file into your sqlite db.
Hope that helps
Cheers

A: I would probably use sqlite3 file import utility.  Just convert it to a tab separated text file.
Here is another question that should show you how to use it.

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Description: Defective chloride transport causes cystic fibrosis (CF), which manifests as mucoviscidosis and pancreatic insufficiency in afflicted patients. Abnormally deficient chloride transport results leads to blockage of the bronchioles in the lung, leading to emphysema and localized atelectasis. Transport duct blockage by mucous in the pancreas results in digestive enzyme insufficiency in the small intestine, leaving patients with poor nutritional status. A number of research approaches have been undertaken toward the development of a treatment for CF. Palliation or amelioration of the disease condition could be accomplished through reconstitution of normal chloride channel function or activation of chloride transport through alternate channel activation.
The present invention describes a pharmacological activator of non-CFTR chloride channels such as members of the ClC channel family. These channels are widely distributed in the body, and serve functions in secretion and absorption of fluid and maintenance of normal nerve, muscle, and kidney function. The pharmaceutical agent activates ClC chloride channels when applied directly to the surface of the tissue, such as lung, resulting in activation of the channels and increased chloride transport. This approach represents a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of CF.
The subject matter of the patent is a method of treating a pathology having symptoms caused by inadequate chloride transport by defective ClC-2G chloride channels, comprising administering to an individual in need of such treatment 1) a condensation agent and 2) an amine in amounts effective to activate chloride transport by inactivating charged groups on amino acid residues of said channels, thereby counteracting said symptoms.
This patented method has several key potential benefits. The compound can be delivered using standard treatment techniques for the delivery of therapeutics to the lung. Unlike many traditional systemic therapies, the pharmacological agent is delivered and acts exogenously, and is expected to be relatively non-toxic.
This approach to the treatment of CF employs a traditional pharmaceutical application that has much higher likelihood of success than more complicated gene therapy based approaches. Most current research focuses on treatments for infection and inflammation, as well as gene replacement. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation reports that many physicians and researchers believe that a successful chloride-releasing therapy would be of tremendous benefit to CF patients. This technology's straight-forward approach, coupled with the expected favorable safety and toxicity profile, present a licensing opportunity with substantial potential to improve the lives of CF patients.
Issued, U.S. Patent No. 6,015,828, January 18, 2000 entitled "Chemical modification of chloride channels as a treatment for cystic fibrosis and other diseases."


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La Isla La Schola (en italiano: Isola La Scuola literalmente Isla La Escuela) o simplemente La Schola, es una isla situada en el territorio de Marsala, una comuna italiana de la provincia de Trapani, en Sicilia, en el país europeo de Italia.

La Schola es la isla más pequeña de las islas de la Laguna (isole dello Stagnone) tiene forma ovalada con unos 80 x 50 m, está situada entre Mozia y la Isla Grande. Durante la época romana existía una escuela de retórica, de la cual deriva su nombre actual. En la actualidad hay tres edificios de los años treinta y un tanque, todo en un estado de abandono. La isla es propiedad de la ciudad de Marsala.

Véase también
 Geografía de Italia
 Geografía de Europa

Referencias

La Schola
Islas deshabitadas de Italia
Marsala

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Gear: The Perfect Hot-Rodding Coffee Table Book Is Now Available In The Shop
The Perfect Hot-Rodding Coffee Table Book Is Now Available In The Shop
Head over to the Petrolicious Shop to order your own limited edition copy here
As far as cultural symbols go in America, hot rods rival apple pies and baseball, but their early days saw the general public decreeing the car modification movement as an outlet of hooliganism and rebellion. Hot-rodders were often lumped in with the groups that you didn't want to approach alone. Tom Medley changed that perception, brought humor and artistry to the culture of customization, and along with the rest of the early-years staff at Robert Petersen's encapsulating magazine, HOT ROD, he helped sway the opinions of those outside the scene while simultaneously being a torchbearer for the insiders.
Tom was one of the first employees at the publication. As capable with a pen as he was with a wrench, an accomplished photographer, and having already displayed his natural and practiced gifts of drawing and visual story-telling, he joined the magazine for its second issue as a cartoon and humorist. This was in 1948, and after marching on Berlin in the weeks leading to V-E Day, he remained abroad as part of the occupying post-war force. Throughout all of this though, he was sketching and drawing for infantry newsletters, and of course, trading cigarettes among his fellow G.I.s in order to fund the mail-order stash of hot-rodding parts he was piling up back in the States.
After returning home and joining the staff at HOT ROD after getting involved with the scene while studying at the ArtCenter in Los Angeles, it wasn't long before his famous Stroker McGurk character came to life. The character embodied the ingenuity and scrappiness of the people building customs at the time, but more importantly than that his creation brought levity to the culture. The antics of Stroker are boundless, and so is the creative mind who drew the thousands and thousands of comic panels he lived in. Tom Medley was prolific in his many crafts—photography, writing, painting, building, and of course, drawing—and unlike so many others who share this trait, he also saved, almost all of it.
The legacy of a seven-decade-long career was more or less collected in a grid of boxes in his garage, each brimming with old negatives, writings, correspondence, and drawings and sketches marked onto just about every medium that would take a pen or a pencil. In a stroke of bad luck followed by the opposite, the garage his work was kept in burned down along with his custom '40 Ford Coupe. The good luck? The boxes of art boards and film were more or less okay, having been shielded by other possessions that didn't have such a lucky fate.
Tom had always wanted to craft a book out of the vast collection of his work, and this near loss of the lot of it helped get that ball rolling. He was in the process of collecting and curating his pieces together for publication when he passed in the spring of 2014, at the life-well-lived age of 93. He was pursuing his craft and passion until the very end.
There was still much to be done though, and after salvaging and drying the mostly intact corporeal legacy of the man's art, his son Gary teamed up with graphic designer Tod Guenther to develop the look and feel for the book, while David Fetherston guided the publication process and Kathy Fiskum worked on the digital production. The small group proves what can be accomplished when genuine dedication and interest are involved, and the history of one of hot-roddings earliest champions and trend-setters is now beautifully written, illustrated, and most importantly, preserved. The book features scans of all his original artwork, tons of notes and anecdotes, never before seen sketches, and the whole package is thoughtfully arranged both visually and textually. As Gary says, "If he could flip through it today, he would surely smile and utter his catch-all phrase of approval: 'Bitchin'!'"
Tags American Hot Rods/	Artist/	Automotive Books/	Books/	Drawing/	Hot Rod/	The Shop
Journal Singer + Williams + Mezger = 500HP Air-Cooled Flat Sixes
Reader Submissions Britain, Bodied By Italy: My 1968 Innocenti Coupe
Gear Vintage F1 Photography Books Have Been Added To The Petrolicious Shop
Gear Limited Edition Books On Race Pits, John Player Specials, Lotus, and BMW Have Been Added To The Shop
Gear Treat Your Coffee Table To Some P-Car Content This Holiday Season
Gear Put An Encyclopedia Of Speed In Your Bookshelf With 'The History of Motorsport'
Gear Abandoned Racetracks, Lancia's 037, And Volvo Wagons: These Were Our Favorite Books In July
Gear Rizzoli Books Are Now Available In The Petrolicious Shop
Liza Rose(@liza_rose)
It's really amazing collection I would love to read those books Just add it your article also on https://wikipagecreator.org/ in blog section for my users to read something interesting
You've seen me quote him ( " More power is never enough " etc ) no doubt ran across the cartoons … the character and his creator are legends in the world of hot rodding and sports cars in the US ..
.. so now buy the book and discover for yourselves the legend that was Stroker McGURK and Tom Medley .. available at your friendly albeit not so local Petrolicious store . And yeah thats a blatant endorsement .. what of it ! 😎
Apologies .. one too few cups of coffee I'm afraid . The SM quote should of read ;
" Too much power is never enough "
Old Guys Rule ! 😎


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https://apnews.com/article/a76fdbd2879faf860879de63b32bfab7
Shania Twain's House Is For Sale
August 5, 1998 GMT
DEXTER LAKE, N.Y. (AP) _ Country music star Shania Twain is putting her Adirondack Mountain estate up for sale, according to a report today.
The asking price for the 3,000-acre property is $9 million, the Plattsburgh Press-Republican reported.
Twain has had a home here for four years with her husband, Robert John ``Mutt″ Lange, a producer who writes songs with his wife and is credited with the success of classic rock bands such as Def Leppard, AC/DC and Bryan Adams.
During that time, they have fought with the Adirondack Park Agency regarding the construction of buildings, including a studio, on the property.
Twain, who could not be reached by the paper for comment, will be missed by many of the residents.
``She was really good to the town, our fire department, the senior citizens,″ Franklin County Legislature Chairman Ray Susice said. ``And she gave a lot of work to the people in the surrounding area.″
Twain was a steady contributor to the St. Regis Falls Fire Department, Chief Wilbur Bailey told the paper.
``She gave us a special donation for our truck, and she even gave us money toward the ice storm (expenses). It's too bad they have to move.″
Twain also donated a new sound system to the local school district, the paper reported.


Shutdown windows 10 PC - How to Tutorial..
to shutdown your Windows 10 PC.
easiest steps you can follow..
Hope i explained the terms correctly..
1) Press Start button (or) Press Windows Key.
Pretty simple right?, here is another method..
3) Press, those keys until all windows are closed, you will get the windows logo shutdown window.
4) There will be a shutdown option.
Ever heared about run command ? if not then you will know what it is now..
The Window, that was displayed now is run command, using this you can run any program.
3) Hit enter (or) Click OK.
You can also use Command prompt and powershell to shutdown windows 10 PC.
Though there are separate commands available to that, you can still use the shutdown /s...etc..
command on the Powershell or command prompt to shutdown your PC.
These are the easiest ways to shutdown your Windows 10 PC whether it is forcibly or normally.


This item has been shown 57 times.
Mid century design in thisAtomic Milk Glass Ceiling Light Fixture Sphere Globe.
Globe is substantial, measuring approx 12" in diameter, with a drop of 27".Great Vintage condition.Please see all photos to assess condition.
Feel free to contact me for questions prior to offerding.


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Who's afraid of Julia Gillard? The Growth Lobby, that's who.
Wed, 2010-07-07 14:16 by Sheila Newman
The Australian Growth Lobby has only a couple of primitive weapons - calling the PM a racist and misrepresenting the figures. The other side has all the good arguments, as well as truth on its side. This article analyses the childish statistical misrepresentation and social innuendo in the Australian Financial Review editorial, "PM's own goal on population," 5 July 2010, p.54.
Who's afraid of Julia Gillard?
Fears about what Gillard's population policy statements mean are coming from the commercial growth lobby and, to a lesser extent, from the NGO sustainable population lobby. The first fears that Gillard is serious about not wanting a big Australia and beyond their control. The second fears that Gillard, too, will let democracy down and fall in line with the depraved agenda of the growth lobbyists, like so many Australian prime ministers. Using the commercial media, the Growth Lobby has prevailed over this country since Captain Cook brought over the first political prisoners, known then as convicts, later as colonists, never really as citizens with rights.
The apparent fear in the hearts (do they have them?) ... well, minds ... what about small, reptilian brains? (Oh, dang it, that's disrespectful to snakes)... of the growth lobbyists is therefore encouraging, because unless they are playing a truly elaborate farce, they really are worried that they have lost control of the P.M.
A few more intelligent ones may realise that it is the economic situation over which they have lost control, but the multitude are dimmer witted fundamentalists who still believe they can control the economic situation by controlling the P.M.
They only have a couple of primitive weapons to do this with - calling the PM a racist and misrepresenting the immigration and economic figures. All the good arguments are on their opponents' side. However the Growth Lobby does control the mainstream media still.
Silly numbers
"PM's own goal on population" (Australian Financial Review, Editorial, p. 5 July 2010, p. 54) misrepresents the immigration figures by presenting them as percentiles of population growth. By stretching an average over 40 years between 1971 and a projected 2011 they manage to get a figure of 0.6% risk of being an immigrant per 100 people in Australia. What they don't say is that that percentage steadily declined over that time because the actual numbers of immigrants stayed the same at around 80,000 per annum. What changed was the total population numbers, as immigration and natural increase added to them.
See, if you start out with 13,177,000 people in 1972, 80,000 represents about 0.6%. Added to the baby-boom, that 0.6% grew the population at quite a clip, until, in 2000, Australia had a total population of 19,169,083. The actual number of immigrants, averaging around 80,000, now only represented 0.41% of the total population. [1] By the time the population reached 21,180,632 in 2007, 80,000 would only have represented 0.3% and the growth rate would have have been slowing continually (on average, although there were spikes, notably around the time of Tianamen Square under Bob Hawke and a negative number under Gough Whitlam, during the first oil shock).
But, as the anonymous author of the Australian Financial Review editorial says, in 2007, 2008 and 2009, the numbers of immigrants did not stay around the average. They more than doubled, to about 180,000. He or she also does not say that 180,000 represented 0.85% of the total population in 2007 instead of 0.3%. That's quite a leap.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), which really is where the expert demographers are, doesn't talk in terms of immigration as a percentage of the total population because it is actually far more usual and more relevant to say what per cent of the total annual increase immigration represents.
This more usual measurement of immigration, however, wouldn't help The Australian's anonymous writer to fudge the facts.
In fact, in 2007 the ABS sent out media releases to tell Australians that the population had just increased by the most people ever and that net immigration had contributed 54% of that increase. This was the first time that immigrants minus emigrants had outnumbered births minus deaths in Australia.
ABS MEDIA RELEASE September 24, 2007
"Largest population increase ever: ABS
"Australia recorded its largest annual population increase ever, according to figures released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Australia grew by an estimated 307,100 people for the year ended March 2007, the largest increase since record keeping began in 1789. The increase gave Australia an annual growth rate of 1.5% (the highest rate since 1990), and brings the population to an estimated 20.9 million.
Net overseas migration contributed 54% (162,600 people) to this growth, which was more than the natural increase of 46% (138,100 people or 273,500 births minus 135,400 deaths).
Queensland again recorded the highest growth rate of all the states and territories, at 2.3%, followed by Western Australia at 2.2%, the Northern Territory 2%, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory 1.5 %, South Australia and New South Wales 1% and Tasmania 0.6%. "
On 30 June 2010, the ABS put out another headline, which said that immigration was now contributing to two thirds of the annual population increase!
"Population growth
There were 22.2 million people resident in Australia in December 2009, with 432,600 people added in the year to December 2009. Despite recent increases in the fertility rate, nearly two-thirds of the gain was from net overseas migration. In the year to June 2008, there was a doubling in the net gain of people on student visas (to 109,000). ABS projections show, depending on assumptions about migration and fertility, that Australia's population may be between 34 and 40 million in 2051."
The editorial in the Australian Financial Review also describes the intakes as if they had occurred accidentally or naturally, when in fact the growth lobby organs played a role in forcing those figures up.
Growth Lobby scapegoats PM to avoid its own responsibility
But the Growth Lobby doesn't want to be identified with its actions, let alone take responsibility for them. It would rather imply that the Prime Minister - an immigrant - is a racist or an immigrant turn-coat, in as contrived a manner as it has used in its 'explanation' of immigration statistics.
See what you make of this concluding statement in the anonymous editorial:
"Ms Gillard is Australia's first foreign-born prime minister since Billy Hughes. It will be a sad irony if the first word of her premiership becomes the final word of historians on her time in office: the leader who diverted the country from a future open to the ideas, creativity and effort of tomorrow's equivalents of her own parents, into a cul de sac of stagnation, insularity and rapid ageing."
Rather than a 'sad irony', many Australians would see Gillard's attitude as comforting in its loyalty to her new country and a sign of courage. Courage in the face of a low kind of blackmail which has seen fainter-hearted immigrants shut up about the dangers of over population simply because they are afraid of being accused of shutting the door behind them. Such immigrants are a liability in a time when the growth lobby has forced us to pay through the nose for desalination plants, when the supply of cheap oil upon which the unprecedented population numbers of the 20th and 21st century rely upon, is dwindling, and food and water are looming as scarcities.
These costs of population growth are never weighed up against the paltry gains of those who directly invest in it, in the narrow and false economic arguments which are the final weak links in the Growth Lobby's chain that binds us.
Just to complicate things, that meant that the population growth rate was slowing. Because the population was so much bigger, however, the smaller rate of increase still represented a much greater number of people.
Propaganda Watch
growth lobby
Australian Financial Review
Population growth not essential for economic health
If net migration added 54% to the growth, they would also contributed at least this amount, probably much more, to the "natural" birth rate. Some migrant groups believe in having big families. Thailand has successfully limited their population growth rate through advertising condoms, with good humour. Improved education, especially of women, and the distribution of free condoms has meant that over the past generation Thailand has significantly reduced its birth-rate. Two decades ago Thailand had the same population as the Philippines; today there are 60 million Thais and 90 million Filipinos. Thailand's long-term economic growth has been remarkable. This progress has been reflected in the very significant improvement in indicators of well-being, such as life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and literacy. Poverty incidence has declined dramatically. The Government has been taking a people-oriented policy approach and gradually moving the country toward a social welfare-oriented system and forward as a single economy.
Con Cerned (not verified)
Border Security issues?
There is a lot of focus on the "border security" issues surrounding asylum seekers. However, most are found to be genuine. We are under obligation to take our fair share of refugees. However, all this media focus is distracting us from the real source of population growth and community stress - legal economic immigration! We have the highest level of population growth in the developed world, at third-world rate. This has meant that we are under pressure financially to keep developing the infrastucture needed, and our public services are always suffering "shortages", and we must pay more for the basics of life. Over 50% of our population increases are from immigration, and also our "natural" growth rate. With public housing in shortfall, and excessive rents and mortgages, how would we accommodate these refugees without compromising public housing - with citizens already on long waiting lists? First, Julia Gillard must address Kevin Rudd's bungled "big Australia" policy, and then we would easily be able to address our refugee intake.


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Cordyceps Mushroom Extract Powder - Organic (50g, 250g, 1kg)
Pack Size: * Required Field 50g 250g 1kg
We have been working with mushrooms for over a decade, and value them for their extraordinary immune boosting benefits, as well as the sense of spiritual connection that they bestow. We use them in our chocolate, in our sweet & savory dishes and as nourishing teas. Our personal interest and research has led us to what we believe are the highest quality mushroom extracts available at affordable prices - potent extracts with the important active compounds present, and at levels that are most beneficial.
Polysaccharide content minimum 30%
Beta glucan content minimum 15%
Hot water extracted
No added fillers, binders or other ingredients
Organically certified (CERES - Germany)
10:1 Cordyceps CS-4 (Cordyeps Sinensis) extract
Cordyceps sinensis (Cs-4, SMF Mycelium).
Cordyceps is one of the absolute superstars of the Chinese Tonic Herbal system, an extremely effective and powerful life-enhancing agent. Cordycpes is a rare and precious herb, considered to be a moderately Yang primal essence (Jing) tonic of the highest stature.
Cordyceps is used to strengthen the body and mind at a fundamental level. It is said to be able to increase the "primary motive force for life activities." Because it contains both Yin and Yang it can be used by anyone safely and over a long period of time. It replenishes Yin Jing, restoring the deep energy expended as a result of excessive exertion, adapting to stress or from aging. Cordyceps is thus one of the primary herbal substances used in tonic herbalism as an anti-aging agent and for the purposes of rejuvenation.
NOTE! most commerial cordyceps (including ours) is from vegetarian sources
Cordyceps is very widely used for the purposes of strengthening the primal Kidney functions, which include sexual functions, brain power, structural integrity and healing ability. It is a very powerful Yang tonic. As a sexual tonic, Cordyceps is considered to be one of the best. It is commonly used for impotence, sexual malaise, frigidity and infertility.
Consistent use of Cordyceps helps to strengthen the skeletal structure, and specifically benefits the lower back region, the knees and ankles. It is used for backache due to injury, fatigue, stress or simple aging.
Cordyceps is also a major Lung tonic. It can be used to strengthen respiratory power in those who require extra energy in order to perform physical work (e.g. labor, sports or exercise) or it can be used by those who suffer from deficiency of Lung power. It is especially beneficial to those who suffer chronic Lung weakness with cough, wheezing or shortness of breath.
Cordyceps is considered in Asia to be a powerful athlete's tonic. It has no steroidal constituents, but greatly improves performance and muscle building capability.
Cordyceps is highly regarded in China as a tonic for those who are recovering from an illness or an operation, or after giving birth. In these cases, the Cordyceps helps the patient recover their physical power, to improve their appetite, and to protect the body from infection.
Many studies now indicate that Cordyceps can help the body resist a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Cordyceps is used in Asia to help treat fungus and yeast infections, and intensive research is being conducted at dozens of institutions in China and Japan relating to the potential of Cordyceps to treat certain varieties of cancer.
Scientific Rediscovery of an Ancient Chinese Herbal Medicine: Cordyceps sinensis
THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
Volume 4, Number 3, 1998, pp. 289–303
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
The Scientific Rediscovery of an Ancient Chinese Herbal Medicine: Cordyceps sinensis
Part I JIA-SHI ZHU, M.D., Ph.D.,(1,2)
GEORGES M. HALPERN, M.D., Ph.D.,(3) and KENNETH JONES (4)
(1) Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford, California.
(2) Zhi Dao Tower, 12th floor, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai, China.
(3) Emeritus, University of California, Davis, California.
(4) Armana Research, Inc., Gibsons, British Columbia, Canada.
This review presents Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., a fungus highly valued in China as a tonic food and herbal medicine. The extant records show the continued use of C. sinensis is now centuries old. The major chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies on C. sinensis and the various derived, cultured, fermented mycelial products currently in use are reviewed from the English and Chinese literature. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical blinded or open-label trials in to date over 2000 patients are reviewed. These studies show the main activities of the fungus in oxygen-free radical scavenging, antisenescence, endocrine, hypolipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, and sexual function-restorative activities. The safety of the fungus, its effects on the nervous system, glucose metabolism, the respiratory, hepatic, cardiovascular, and immune systems, immunologic disease, inflammatory conditions, cancer, and diseases of the kidney will be reviewed in the second part of this article to be published in the winter issue of this journal.
Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis [Berk.] Sacc.), also known as Chinese caterpillar fungus or "DongChongXiaCao" (summer-plant, winter-worm), is one of the most valued Chinese medicinal herbs (Figs. 1 and 2). It was initially recorded in Ben-Cao-Cong-Xin (New Compilation of Materia Medica) by Wu-Yiluo during the Qing Dynasty (1757 ao). According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Cordyceps goes to the "Lung" meridian and the "Kidney" meridian (see below) and provides "lung protection,' "kidney improvement," and "Yin Yang double invigoration."
THE "KIDNEY" AND "LUNG" IN TCM
Although we are not practitioners of TCM,we have included brief explanations of some of the organ concepts mentioned in this review that, however, archaic
to those of us trained in Western physiology and pathology, were and continue to be applied in traditional prescriptions of Cordyceps. The kidneys are
known as "the root of life" in TCM, for they store 'Jing,' a substance described as an undifferentiated, prime organic material that is neither yin nor yang and is "the source of reproduction, development, and maturation" (Kaptchuk, 1983). Author and practitioner Ted J. Kaptchuk, O.M.D., in his now classic Western book on TCM, The Web that has no Weaver:
Understanding Chinese Medicine, explains the role of the kidneys and the jing as follows:
Conception is made possible by the power of Jing; growth to maturity is the blossoming of Jing; and the decline into old age reflects the
weakening of Jing. As time passes, the Jing decreases in both vitality and quantity. Because the Kidneys store Jing, all these processes are
governed by the Kidneys. Therefore, reproductive problems such as sterility or impotence and developmental disorders like retarded growth or lack
of sexual maturation are seen as dysfunction of the Kidney's storing of Jing (Kaptchuk, 1983).
Further to the kidneys, Kaptchuk relates that in TCM the understanding is that they have rulership over the bones and produce the bone marrow. And although the lungs are the administrators of respiration, "normal breathing also requires assistance from the Kidneys." Here, Kaptchuk enters the subject of Qi or chi, the fundamental "energy of life" that the ancients differentiated into different forms, Kaptchuk writes,
The Kidneys enable the Natural Air Qi to penetrate deeply, completing the inhalation process by what is called "grasping the Qi."
The Kidneys are thus the root of Qi,' while the Lungs are the "foundation of Qi." Proper breathing thus depends on the Kidneys; and Kidney
disharmonies may result in respiratory problems, especially chronic asthma" (Kaptchuk, 1983).
The other meridian that Cordyceps is said to "go to" in TCM is that of the "Lung." The lungs are said to regulate "the Qi of the entire body" and to rule the Qi (Kaptchuk, 1983)." Kaptchuk explains:
The Lungs take in the Natural Air Qi, propelling it downward by their descending property. This is inhalation. The disseminating property, which "makes things go 'round,'" allows for exhalation, the expulsion of "impure" air. When the lungs are healthy, the Qi enters and leaves smoothly, and respiration is even and regular. When an imbalance or obstruction interferes with the Lungs, impairing either the descending or the disseminating functions, symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, asthma, or chest distention may result (Kaptchuk, 1983).
When there is a "disharmony of the Lungs," it is said that stagnant Qi or deficient Qi can result in any area of the body. And if the Qi of the lungs is found to be weak, sweat may be found either insufficient or too profuse and the power of resistance of the "Protective Qi will be poor." Kaptchuk (1983) writes that the "throat is said
to be the 'door' of the Lungs and the 'home' of the vocal chords, so both the throat and vocal chords are also related to the Lungs. Many common nose and throat disor- ders are therefore treated through the Lungs."
For centuries, the fruit body and attached mycelium of Cordyceps have been the herb of choice in China to treat "lung" and "kidney" asthenia syndromes (TCM terms describing groups of symptoms associated with respiratory and renal diseases and other disease con- ditions) (Table 1). They have been included as a dietary supplement to maintain health and prevent disease (Table 2) (Jiang, 1993; 1994). In the West, Cordyceps only recently received attention after Chinese female runners established several world long-distance records (1500 to 10,000 meters) within a short period of time in 1993. The athletes' coach attributed their success in part to a special Cordyceps-containing diet that enhanced their physical performance and endurance (Ma, 1997).
Table 1. Medicinal Uses of Cordyceps
Night Sweating
Male and Female Hyposexualities, including Impotence
Asthenia after Severe Illness
Renal Disfunction and Renal Failure
Arrhythmias and other Heart Disease
NOTE: See references in corresponding sections of review, parts 1 and 2.
Cordyceps is a unique black, blade- shaped fungus found primarily at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The fungus is parasitic, growing on and deriving nutrients from several species of caterpillar, although primarily that of the moth Hepialus armoricanus Oberthur, which lives 6 inches underground (Chen and Jin, 1992; Yin and Tang, 1995). In late autumn, chemicals on the skin of the caterpillars interact with the fungal spores and release the fungal mycelia, which then infect the caterpillar.
By early summer of the following year, the fungal infestation has killed the caterpillar and the fruiting body can be seen protruding from the caterpillar's head. This wild form, Cordyceps sinensis, is harvested, whereas the principal fungal mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis, known as Paecilomyces hepiali Chen, is cultivated aseptically (Yue et al., 1995).
Because natural Cordyceps (wild Cordyceps sinensis) is rare, Chinese scientists have extsively examined its lite cycle with the aim of developing a technique for isolating fermentable stratus of Cordyceps sinensis. At the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, one result of this research has been the isolation of the strain Cs-4 from wild Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Cs-4 has been used to produce a fermented product of the mycelia of Paecilomyces hepiali Chen and contains pharmacologically active components similar to those of the natural Cordyceps. Since its successful isolation in 1982, the
Cs4 fermentation product has been studied intensively in China. Industrial fermentation methodology (resulting m a commercial product, JinShuiBao
capsule). Chemical composition, therapeutic functions, and toxicity have been thoroughly investigated, and basic research in animals has carried
out. JinShuiBao capsule, the Cs-4 fermentation product, has received approval by the National New Drug Review and Approval committee of the Chinese Ministry. of Public Health, and has been used in clinics throughout China for the indications listed in Table 1.
TABLE 2. DIETARY USES OF CORDYCEPS IN MEDICINAL DISHES
with an old duck
patients with Cancer, Asthenia, or after severe illness
Cooked with hen
For hyposexuality (especially emission)
Cooked with black-bone hen
Asthenia (especially Qi-Yin asthenia)
Cooked with lean pork
Fatigue, Male Impotence, and Kidney Asthenia
Cooked with sparrow
antiaging/senescence
Cooked with quail
Fatigue, Poor Appetite, "Kidney" Asthenia, and Tuberculosis
Cooked with steamed turtle
Male/Female Hyposexuality
Cooked with baked abalone
Chronis Bronchitis, COPD, Tuberculosis, Arteriosclerosis, Ataracts,
and for Healthy individuals in any season
Data adapted from Jiang (1984)
In total, more than 2000 patients with various medical disorders have been revolved in clinical trials of Cs-4 in China. The results of these clinical studies (blinded or open- labeled) indicate that Cs-4 is very effective and safe, and very similar to the parental, natural Cordyceps in the amelioration of conditions, with only few and mild side effects. Besides Cs-4, several mycelial strains have been isolated from natural
Cordyceps and some of them are manufactured with fermentation technology (Yin and Tang, 1995). For instance, sinensis (or Cephalosporium donqchongxiacao), a nonsexual phase strain of Cordyceps known as NingXinBao, XinGanBao, and other names, was isolated by the QingHai Institute of Livestock and
Veterinary Sciences. Cn80-2 (Paecilomyces sinensis), another nonsexual phase strain, was isolated by FuJian QingLiu County Hospital and Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. SMIH8819 is a product of Sanming Mycological Institute, Fujian, China. 832 (Scydalilum sp.) was isolated by the Navy Institute of Medicine. Hirsutella sinensis, Mortierella hepiali Chen lu sp. nov., Scytalidium hepiali G. L. Lisp. nov., Tolypocladimn sinensis C.I. sp. nov., and others have been isolated natural Cordyceps (Yin and Tang, 1995). The Latin binomials given for the derivative fungi describe imperfect fruit bodies generated when the various mycelia were allowed to grow out. Although derived from the fruit body of Cordyceps sinensis, they are characteristically enough from the parent fungus, to
be taxonomically separate; hence the term fungi imperfecti (Alexopoulos, 1962)
SEVEN CLASSES OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUANTS OF
NATURAL CORDYCEPS
1. Proteins, peptides, all essential amino acids, and polyamines. In addition to ail the essential amino acids, Cordyceps contains uncommon cyclic dipeptides including cyclo-(Gly-Pro), cyclo-(Leu-Pro), cyclo-(Val-Pro), cyclo-(Ala-Leu), cyclo-(Ala-Val), and cyclo-(Thr-Leu). Small amounts of polyamines, including 1,3-diamino propane, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and putrescine, have been identified.
Saccharides and sugar derivatives (eg, d-mannitol) were identified and their pharmacological activity has been reported. A group of interesting oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (Cs-l) isolated from natural Cordyceps stimulate macrophage function, and promote lymphocyte transformation. A bioactive 23-kd-protein-bound polysaccharide was shown to consist mainly of mannose and galactose in a ratio of 3 to 5, and protein.
Sterols, including ergosterol, Delta-3 ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide,/3-sitosterol, daucosterol, and campasterol.
Eleven nucleoside compounds have been found in natural Cordyceps. The major nucleosides in C. sinensis include adenine, uracil, uridine, guanosine,
thymidine, and deoxyuridine.
Fatty, acids and other organic acids. Twenty-eight saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives have been isolated from C. sinensis. Polar compounds of natural Cordyceps extracts and Cs-4 include many compounds of hydrocarbons, alcohol, and aldehyde.
Vitamins, including vitamins Bi, B2, B12, E, and K.
7. lnorganics, including K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pi, Se, Al, Si, Ni, Sr, Ti, Cr, Ga, V, and Zr.
Data from Guo, 1986; Huang et al., 1991; Tao, 1995; Xia et al., 1985; Xu, 1992; Yue et al., 1995; Zhu and Xinjingsheng,
Table 3 lists seven classes of chemical constituents found in natural Cordyceps sinensis and its mycelial fermentation products (Guo, 1986; Huang et al., 1991; Tao, lt295; Xia et al., 1985; Xu, 1992; Yue et al., 1995: Zhu, 1993). Pharmacologically active components of Cordyceps sinensis are still incompletely understood. Cordycepin and cordycepic acid were identified initially in Cordyceps militaris by Cunning- ham et al. (1951) and considered as the active components Later, scientists confirmed that cordycepic acid was in fact d-mannitol. As for cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), its existence in C. sinensis has long been controversial.
Although many laboratories failed to confirm its presence in this species, a recent study reported characterization of cordycepin and 2′-deoxyadenosine in an extract preparation of C. sinensis by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) techniques (Chen and Chu, 1996). In addition, other components, such as adenosine, saccharides, and minor elements, were for many years believed to probably play certain roles in the pharmacology of C. sinensis. In TCM, Cordyceps has been used to treat a wide range of conditions, including respira-ton', renal, liver,
and cardiovascular diseases, hyposexuality, and hyperlipidemia (Table 1). Cordyceps has also been used to modulate the immune system and as
an adjuvant in cancer therapy. Yet only in comparatively recent times have the medicinal effects of Cordyceps been tested in controlled clinical trials, predominantly in China. In reviewing the results of these studies, where appropriate, we have included animal studies that assist in elucidating the mechanisms of activity involved.
Improvement of Physical Performance and Quality of Life
The preparation and use of Cordyceps as a tonic beverage, although centuries old, was only given greater attention during the last 20 years in China.
The recent success of Chinese runners on a special Cordyceps-containing diet brought greater scientific attention to bear on the potential of the mycelia from Cs-4 to improve physical performance and quality of life. The question researchers are now attempting to answer is whether the putatively enhanced physical endurance attributed to Cordyceps can be supported on a strictly scientific basis.
Preclinical animal studies. The effects of Cordyceps extracts on the energy state of mouse liver were examined using in vivo serial 3]p NMR spectroscopy.
After mice were given water extracts of Cs-4 (0.2 or 0.4 g/kg) orally for 7 days, the ratio of adenosine triphosphate (ATP): inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the liver was significantly increased by an average of 45% to 55%, as compared with the placebo control group (both p < 0.001 ) (Xu CF, Bao TI', He CH, Zhu JS, Chang J, manuscript in preparation). The elevated ATP:Pi ratios returned to the baseline levels 7 days after Cs-4 treatment was discontinued. Similarly, during a 3-week intra- gastric treatment of mice with water extracts of another mycelial fermentation product, SMIH8819 (0.2 g/kg per day), there was a consistent increase in the ratio of ATP:Pi in the liver (Manabe et al., 1996). This increase, observed after 1 week of treatment, was maintained throughout the study and was significantly greater than that of control groups.
In addition to the promotion of higher bioenergy levels by Cordyceps, researchers examined oxygen consumption by mice and their ability to survive after
Cs-4 therapy in a hypoxic environment, to elucidate the effects of Cs-4 on oxygen utilization efficiency (Lou et al.,1986). Under conditions of stimulation of oxygen consumption by a subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (300 ,ug/kg), Cs-4 extract (equivalent to crude Cs- 4, 5 g/kg, J.p., or 10g/kg, i.g.) significantly reduced oxygen consumption by the mice by 41% to 49% within 10 minutes and by 30% to 36% in the second 10 minutes, as compared with controls (all p <0.001) (Lou et al., 1986). In a low-oxygen environment, the mice lived 2 to 3 times longer after the Cs-4 treatment (all p < 0.001). The Cs-4- induced reduction of oxygen consumption and the prolonged survival of treated animals in a hypoxic environment indicated a more efficient use of oxygen to support essential physiological activities of organs/tissues and greater tolerance to hypoxia-induced acidosis than that of the controls.
A more vigorous study was conducted using an in vivo mouse model of epinephrine- inducedacute pulmonary edema, which causes systemic anoxia, acidosis,
and death (Wan and Zhang, 1985). It was noted that mice treated with Cs-4 (6 g/kg, J.g.) had a significantly greater survival rate: 20% mortality
at 30 min- utes after epinephrine treatment compared with 80% mortality in the control group (p =0.011); 60% mortality at 60 and 90 minutes after epinephrine treatment compared with 100% mortality in the control group (p = 0.043).
These results suggest that natural Cordyceps and its mycelial fermentation products may improve bioenergetic status by improving an internal balance mechanism
by which test animals are able to make more efficient utilization of oxygen under economy of energy consumption. This effect may allow animals to manage efficiently inadequate oxygen supply and a basic energy requirement for essential physiological activities, and to promote greater tolerance to hypoxia-induced acidosis than controls. Whether these properties may to some extent account for the apparent overall enhancement of physical capability and endurance and antifatigue effects found in humans using natural Cordyceps, or its fermentation products as a dietary supplement, is currently the focus of of ongoing multidisciplinary research at various centers in China.
Clinical studies: Placebo-controlled clinical studies examined the effects of Cs-4 therapy in elderly patients with fatigue and other senescence-related symptoms (Cao and Wen, 1993; Zhang et al., 1995). Compared with no improvement in symptoms in the placebo-treated patients, most of the Cs-4-treated
patients reported overall clinical improvement (Zhang et al., 1995). The subjective improvements included alleviation of fatigue, cold intolerance, dizziness, frequent nocturia, tinnitus, hyposexuality, and amnesia (Table 4).
TABLE 4. CLINICAL EFFECTS OF Cs-4 ON SENESCENCE
Intolerance to cold
Frequent nocturia
Hyposexuality
Elderly people with symptoms of senescence were enrolled in a double-blind trial and treated with either Cs-4 or placebo (3 g/day) for 3 months. Note: n = number of patients with the symptom prior to the treatment. Results are expressed as percentage of patients who experienced clinical improvement. Data are adapted from Zhang et al. (1995).
Cordyceps Article Part I, Page 2-
Covers effects on Heart, Kidney, Liver, Endocrine and Sexual Performance
Another active-herb (seed oil of mujingyou, Vitex negundo var.heterophylla) - controlled clinical study found that after receiving Cs-4 treatment for 1 month, patients with respiratory diseases felt physically stronger; some of them were able to jog for 20 meters (Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing, China, unpublished report). The Cs-4 treatment appeared to be highly efficacious with a total effective rate of 82.9%, as compared with 40.2% for the active control group (p < 0.01).
A study on the long-term use of Cs-4 in combination with standard therapy in patients with chronic heart failure was the subject of a study in China in patients on digoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, isosorbide dinitrate, furosemide, lanatoside, dopamine, and dobutamine (Chen, 1995). Long term administration of Cs-4 as an adjuvant treatment in patients with congestive heart failure gave rise to significantly greater improvements in quality of life than reportedby disease- and age-matched control patients who received only standard drug treatments for congestive heart failure. Quality of life parameters included improvements of general physical condition, mental health, sexual drive, and cardiac function (Table 5).
The enhancement of physical performance and amelioration of quality of life in response to Cs-4 treatment may be attributed to the improvement of energy states with greater efficiency of oxygen utilization described earlier, as well as to the function improvement in oxygen scavenging and in pulmonary, cardiovascular, and other systems, as detailed below, or in part II of this review.
TABLE 5. IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC
HEART FAILURE IN RESPONSE TO LONG-TERM CS.-4 ADJUVANT TREATMENT
± 5
Shortness of breath / Fatigue index
1.00±
<0.01
General physical condition
Emotional-phychological condition
Sexual drive
Patients with chronic heart failure were treated with Cs-4 (3-4 g/day) for 26 ± 3 months, in addition to standard drug
treatments for congestive heart failure. Data are adapted from Chen (1995) and are expressed as fractions of mean values observed for controls who received only standard therapies without Cs4 adjuvant treatment. Shortness of breath/fatigue index was assessed according to Yale grading system; general physical condition according to Feistein method; emotional-psychological condition according to Croog method; and sexuality of patients was based on a modified Kong questionnaire. note: n.s., not significant compared with pretreatment values.
Antisenescence and oxygen-free radical scavenging activity
The use of natural Cordyceps to ameliorate conditions associated with aging and senescence is centuries old. Yet scientific research of its potential in geriatrics has only recently been initiated. There is evidence to show that during aging in humans and animals, a considerable accumulation of an excess of oxygen-free radicals occurs, which results in oxidative damage to cells and their intracellular organelles, including age- and illness-associated damage to the energy-producing mitochondria. As one mechanism, an aging- or disease-related dramatic reduction in the oxygen free radical-scavenging activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is believed to be responsible for excessive cellular oxidative damage. The antisenescence effects of Cordyceps in relation to an ability to activate SOD and scavenge oxygen free radicals were studied in humans and animals.
In placebo-controlled clinical trials (Cao and Wen, 1993; Zhang et al., 1995), Cs-4 was administered orally to elderly patients with asthenia. In association with the majority showing subjective improvement (as shown in Table 4), there was a concomitant significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) SOD activity in the Cs-4-treated patients (Table 6), which was significantly better than that of the placebo group. Associated with the increases of SOD, concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA, a measure of lipoperoxide, an oxygen free-radical species) were significantly decreased in Cs-4-treated elderly patients, whereas there was no significant change in the control group. As also demonstrated in this study (Table 6), even with age-associated low pretreatment SOD activity and high MDA concentrations in the el
Mushroom extracts are powerful in action and strong in flavour. A daily recommended dose is just 1g, hence a 50g packet will provide around a 2 month supply when enjoyed daily.


This space girl has come from the future in her space ship to catalog the fashion available 1000 years ago. Make sure this space cadet is dressed to impress the old ages of planet earth. Star Trek has nothing on you. Dress to impress with your space suit and beautiful helmet.
A simple game where you have to take the egg to the nest with the help of the dinosaur. Simple but tough!


Jendoco Construction Corporation acting as the Contractor, Construction Manager and Developer, was awarded this project on a design-build, lease basis.
A large field (approximately 30) initial teams responded to The Pennsylvania State University's request for proposal. After several phases of submissions and presentations, Jendoco Construction was selected. This state-of-the-art Electro-Optics lab and office building is approximately 45,000 square feet total with the ability to expand to 90,000 square feet. It is equipped with large mechanical and electrical systems to accommodate the laser/optic labs which are used to develop systems for the Department of Defense.
Extensive coordination of the various trades was required to insure proper sizing, location, and maintaining clear height of the mechanical / electrical / plumbing services. These included chilled water piping, jacketed nitrogen piping, sanitary piping, domestic water, compressed air piping, venting, supply and return ductwork, electrical bus duct and large electrical service runs from the main 4,000 AMP switchgear.
The building was occupied in January 2005.


Beautiful Townhouse Available in Sought After Navesink Estates. Beautiful Floor To Ceiling Stone Wood Burning Fireplace, Spacious Open Floor Plan With Vaulted Ceilings. Finished Basement With Large Bonus Room With Closet and Full Bath. One Of The Largest Decks in The Complex For Entertaining Off The Living Room Overlooking Private Wooded Area That Can Never Be Built On. Second Deck/Balcony Off The Spacious Master For Morning Coffee Or For Afternoon Cocktails. One Car Attached Garage; Newer A/C. Close To Major Highway, Ferry, Beaches and Great Restaurants. ...Spring Is Just Around The Corner Make This Your New Home in Time To Enjoy The Beautiful Beaches and Summer Fun!
Hello, I'd like more information about the listing I found on Homes.com at 69 Pape Drive.
This home is located at 69 Pape Drive Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07716 US and has been listed on Homes.com since 12 February 2019 and is currently priced at $409,999, approximately $247 per square foot. This property was built in 1986. 69 Pape Drive is within the school district(s) Middletown Township Public Schools with nearby schools including Navesink School, Bayshore Middle School, and Middletown High School South. Similar properties nearby are 69 Pape Dr, 79 Kemp Ave, 53 Cedar St, 102 Asbury Ave, 237 Shore Dr, 5 W Washington Ave, and 75 Highland Ave.


Panelists at the Global Good summit. From left to right; Robert Karanja - CEO, Villgro Kenya, Esther Ndeti - Executive Director, East Africa Private Equity and Venture Capital Association (EAVCA), Florence Kimata - SME Advisor, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Adam Lane - Senior Director of Public Affairs at Huawei Technologies.
Held annually in September alongside the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly, Social Good summit that aims at uniting global citizens and progressive thought leaders around a common theme, #2030NOW, aspires to provide the solutions to the challenges touching on global goals.
Organised by the Kijiji in partnership with UNDP Kenya, Alliance Francaise and Unreasonable East Africa, this year's summit kicked off a series of talks on the status of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Kenya by highlighting the 17th Goal that's expected to "revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development and its potential to fulfil the promise of a better world by 2030".
SDGs aim at connecting corporations, government, academia, social enterprises and grassroots organisers. In 2015, the global community adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which said that the new Agenda would be made up of 17 distinct and interconnected goals, which the world committed to achieving in the course of the next 15 years. Then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon described them as a social contract between the world's leaders and the people, and a blueprint for success. The consultation attracted 5 million people from across 88 countries in all the world's regions.
But as the Millennium Development Goals, which is the predecessor of the SDGs lapsed, countries like India, China and Brazil had managed to liberate millions of people out of poverty as other countries, especially in Africa, barely improved and in some ways the situation worsened.


text:
Body found in Dersingham - police investigate
Published: 1:38 PM April 29, 2011
Updated: 9:06 AM October 10, 2020
Man dies as result of shotgun wounds
Police are carrying out enquiries into the sudden death of a man in Dersingham this morning.
Officers were called to an address in Station Road at 9.46am today where they found the body of a man, believed to be in his 40s.
Det Sgt Andy Ninham of King's Lynn CID said: 'The man appears to have died as a result of shotgun wounds. While we continue to carry out enquires into the circumstances of his death, it bears all the hallmarks of a personal tragedy.'
Police and Crime Scene Investigators will continue to carry out an examination of the scene.
Next of kin have been informed and are being supported by specially trained police officers.
9 Arrive by boat at new Norfolk wedding venue
10 Norwich firm part of growing number of businesses working four day weeks


Bairstow Eves are delighted to offer for sale this stunning 2 bedroom home on the gated Russett Farm development. Accommodation comprises on the ground floor of an entrance hall, w/c, modern fitted kitchen and a lounge diner which leads onto the garden. Upstairs there are two double bedrooms and a family bathroom. This gorgeous home has amazing views over the surrounding countryside and orchards. There is also an allocated parking space within a communal car port.


Kendall Jenner flashed an impressive display of underboob while stepping out with a star-studded crew in New York City on Friday, January 26 — just two days after she supported boyfriend Blake Griffin in Los Angeles amid breakup rumors.
The Keeping Up With the Kardashians star, 22, was joined by friends Bella Hadid, Hailey Baldwin, Justine Skye and social media influencer Luka Sabbat. Braving the winter weather, the models wore stylish outfits, with Jenner wearing a white crop top that showcased her abs, along with a long black coat and black jeans. Hadid wore a white tank top with high-waisted dress pants while Baldwin looked pretty in a pink outfit. The trendy crew got together for dinner, where they took selfies and shared photos of their meals on their social media accounts.
Earlier in the day, Jenner shared a video to her Snapchat account of a billboard that featured her and her famous sisters starring in Calvin Klein's latest ad.
Jenner was previously seen cheering on her boyfriend at the Clippers basketball game on Wednesday, January 24, where Griffin's team played against the Boston Celtics.
Though the reality star and NBA player have remained mum about their romance, Jenner has supported her beau multiple times at his games and also made an appearance at his December 7 comedy show. Jenner and Griffin, 28, first began hooking up in September.


text:
Q: Merging rasters with gdal_merge.py I'm trying to create a mosaic raster from two rasters. With rasterio works well but gdal_merge.py subprocess calling doesn`t work for me.
My Error is:

OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import subprocess, glob
from osgeo import gdal

files_to_mosaic = glob.glob('C:/Users/DanielKovacs/Documents/GranCanaria/mosaic_L2A_T28RDS_A025431_20200505T115222_2020- 05-05_con/*_B04.tif')
files_to_mosaic

files_string = " ".join(files_to_mosaic)
print(files_string)

command = "gdal_merge.py -o mosaic2.tif -of gtiff " + files_string
output = subprocess.run(command)
output

A: You can probably do this with gdal.Warp in Python directly:
from osgeo import gdal

files_to_mosaic = ["a.tif", "b.tif"] # However many you want.
g = gdal.Warp("output.tif", files_to_mosaic, format="GTiff",
              options=["COMPRESS=LZW", "TILED=YES"]) # if you want
g = None # Close file and flush to disk

There's loads of other options you can add on to this.

A: I've used @Jose answer but I had issues with nodata (apparently, an option for telling gdal.Warp what values to ignore is necessary), I had the black of superior images covering the one below.
Using rasterio though worked nice (from this post: https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/247430/88415):
import rasterio
from rasterio.merge import merge

with rasterio.open(files_tif[0]) as src:
    meta = src.meta.copy()

# The merge function returns a single array and the affine transform info
arr, out_trans = merge(files_tif)

meta.update({
    "driver": "GTiff",
    "height": arr.shape[1],
    "width": arr.shape[2],
    "transform": out_trans
})

# Write the mosaic raster to disk
with rasterio.open(output, "w", **meta) as dest:
    dest.write(arr)

Where output = 'mosaic2.tif' and files_tif is the list of input tif files.


Jena and Tom are a fantastic couple - laid back but totally organized. My kind of bride and groom! After the ceremony we headed down to Upper Landing in downtown St. Paul for some additional portraits and fun with the wedding party. Shooting right before sunset does not disappoint – absolutely gorgeous light.
My friend Paige, from de Wees Photography second shot for me and some of her images are displayed below. Congratulations Jena and Tom – it was truly an honor to spend the day with you both!


On the 200th birthday of world-famous composer Giuseppe Verdi, Milan is celebrating with a programme of over 80 events, starting on 10 October – the day Verdi was born in 1813 – and lasting until 27 January, the day he died in 1901.
The festivities begin with opera house Teatro alla Scala open free to the public for the entire day of 10 October, with screenings of videos on the life of the maestro and of some of his most famous works.
Verdi's first opera, Oberto, was premiered here in 1839 with such success that the opera house offered him a contract for three further works, which were to include Nabucco, first performed there in 1842 and which permanently established his reputation.
Del Corno also announced that two apps were now available for smart-phones: one for locating places in Milan connected with the maestro, and the other about his documents, letters and scores.
La Scala will also perform three of Verdi's masterpieces before the end of the year: Aida, Don Carlo and La Traviata. The opening night of La Traviata on 7 December will also be broadcast throughout the city in schools, theatres and piazza thanks to the collaboration of Edison in the staging of the festivities.
On 10 October, from 21.00 to past midnight, the microphones of Radio Popolare will be open for members of the public to contribute birthday greetings at the Demetrio Stratos Auditorium with their own readings, singing or musical performance.
The Teatro degli Arcimboldi will stage the opera Otello on 29 and 30 October, and on 7, 8 and 10 November Verdi's Requiem Mass written for the death of poet and novelist Alessandro Manzoni.
The atelier Carlo Colla and Sons in Via Montegani will honour the composer with marionette performances of his operas, while readings and performances will be held in the Casa Verdi rest home for retired musicians which he founded on Piazza Buonarotti.
More details of the events and performances are available on this page of the city administration website: look for the "Allegati" in the right-hand column and click on "Verdi a Milano" to read the programme.


While Facebook was actively deleting countless pages for promoting peace and freedom, they allowed an auction to be held in which a child was for sale – for weeks.
Last month, Facebook and Twitter – without warning or justification – deleted the pages of Free Thought Project and Police the Police which had over 5 million followers. During this purge, they also removed hundreds of other pages including massive police accountability groups, antiwar activists, alternative media, and libertarian news outlets. Facebook claimed to remove these pages in the name of fighting disinformation online and creating a safer user experience. Illustrating just how big of an ostentatious sham this was, this month, a child was openly sold on this same platform that claims to promote online safety.
"Any form of human trafficking – whether posts, pages, ads or groups is not allowed on Facebook. We removed the post and permanently disabled the account belonging to the person who posted this to Facebook," a company spokesperson said in a statement.
Facebook users have been banned within second and posts removed immediately for posting peaceful antiwar content – users have been banned and posts removed for quoting the declaration of independence – yet somehow, a post selling a child to high ranking government officials for 500 cows, three cars and $10,000 was allowed to stay up for 15 days. Let that sink in.
Certainly a child being sold in a post is a "threat," right? Not to Facebook and the Atlantic Council – who appear more concerned with pages promoting peace and exposing government corruption. Highlighting this notion is the fact that during the same time period that this girl was auctioned off, Facebook's censorship arm repeatedly deleted the page "Libertarian Memes" dozens of times.
When Libertarian Memes was banned, a 2.0 popped up immediately and began growing. Not 24 hours later however, it was gone too. Such was the case with 3.0 and 4.0. Facebook was actively seeking out content creators who promoted peace and was deleting them faster than they could start new pages – yet a post selling a child remained for over two weeks.