text:
Circumcision and the Real Patriarchy
ayam sirias June 22, 2015 1 17
I was coming back from the immigration office today and I noticed a big banner flying over the street that said "Sunat Modern" which basically means modern circumcision. It was an ad for a laser surgery type of circumcision and it bragged that there was no blood or stitches involved and that a child could immediately be active after the surgery. Here in Indonesia and other similar Islamic countries the boys traditionally get circumcised at the age of 7, at a party, in front of all their family, friends, relatives and neighbors, while everyone eats snacks and sings songs. Anyway this banner got me to thinking.
Circumcision is a big talking point in all Abrahamic religions especially Judaism and Islam, as most of you know, and until today it is ritualistically practiced on young boys, as I mentioned before, usually on their 7th birthday; unlike secular western countries where it is done in the name of medical health when the child is a newborn. Another thing you might already know about religion, especially Islam today, is that it may be the closest thing to a true patriarchal society that still functions in the modern age.
If we are to take the feminist definition of a patriarchy in saying that it is 'a society run by men with the sole purpose of oppressing women', who could argue with that definition? Especially if you believe the feminized western propaganda called the popular media. I mean who hasn't heard the feminist wailing's of oppressed women in Saudi Arabia being covered head to toe or not being able to vote or drive? Although you never hear them brag about how 60% of university graduates in Saudi Arabia are women, but who wants to split dyed pubic hairs with gyno-banshees?
But if someone simply called Islam a patriarchal culture I wouldn't disagree; that is if you define it as it actually is, 'a culture run mostly by men in where men take on all work and responsibility in order to have the rights they do, while women are coddled and looked after with fewer rights but absolutely no responsibility'. I'm not saying this is an ideal culture. What, do you think I'm a traditionalist? But jokes aside, let's examine this so called Islamic patriarchy from the perspective of circumcision so you will understand what I am trying to say.
You see, in the modern age, in patriarchal Islamic cultures, boys are still being circumcised as they were 1400 years ago. The only difference being the technology they use now. But until recently, in this patriarchal culture, both boys AND girls were getting circumcised EQUALLY, because realistically there is very little difference between the sexes when it comes to the barbaric practice of circumcision. Feminist harpies and western women in general will try to convince you with a heap of lies, curse words and ad hominems that female circumcision is worse, but anyone reading this now knows this is not true. In fact, the average female circumcision removes far less area of flesh when compared to the complete removal of a foreskin from a male penis. For the females it is a very small cut around the clitoral hood. A tiny piece of flesh you can barely see on the tip of your finger. Hardly an area of skin large enough to collect and harvest to make rejuvenating skin cream for Oprah Winfrey and her followers of women who don't know how to stop eating.
Now I know there are different degrees of severity when it comes to circumcision, especially female circumcision. But the fact remains that the severe forms of female circumcision that can happen, are nearly extinct and only really practiced in backward tribes on the African continent, if they are still even practiced at all. My ex-wife was circumcised back in the late 70's. It did not affect her sexual performance or her ability to receive sexual pleasure to any degree. Her sister experienced the same thing.
The point is, within the last main stream patriarchal society on Earth, Islam, both men and women were circumcised as children equally; yeah equality. However, fast forward to today and what do you see? Well in this Islamic society of manly men and testosterone, the Islamic community, all over the world, still slices the foreskin off of little boys with impunity and without reflection, consistently, while at the same time, making female circumcision all but disappear. Yes that's right. The modern patriarchal culture of Islam has been convinced by modern pressure to almost eliminate female circumcision but still advertises for and expects little boys to do it on their 7th birthday, while everyone eats cake and sings karaoke. Only now with less blood, no stitches and the little guy can get up and play with his friends, right after it's done. Well at least that's what the banner said.
So how can a successful patriarchal culture today be convinced to give young women the right to bodily autonomy by not clipping that tiny piece of skin from their clitoral hood while not even giving a second thought to offering the same to the young boys who will one day become the circumcised men who might rule this patriarchy? The answer? This IS true patriarchy. Not the myth that feminists spew but the true form. Where in the end, women must be protected, NOT oppressed. Where the protection and the granting of rights to women with no responsibility far outweighs any form of equality or oppression.
Saudi Arabian culture and most cultures at large are much older than Islam or even Judaism. And though in the past, Islam convinced the masses who adopted it that children and their genitalia fall outside the realm of basic human rights; in the end it is the tried and true patriarchy that wins out. The patriarchy that says, "Yeah maybe you are right. We shouldn't circumcise little girls. After all, they need our protection. The little boys however can suck it up and deal with it." And then everybody sings songs and eats cake, joyous in the fact that with modern technology, at least little 7 year old Muhammad won't bleed everywhere and he can go play with his friends immediately afterwards.
The only question left is, "What then is the real difference between gynocentrism and the patriarchy"? Ask yourself that question, and don't become terrified when the answer comes to you, bloodied but ready to party.
Tags circumcision patriarchy
ayam sirias
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Jay Double Gee says:
…how can I not be the first one to like the article posted by my good friend Ayam. Xx
Jessire Nagy says:
♂ I personally believe that the "patriarchy" was created by females, Instinctively. Females despise intellectual males. When you inhibit instincts & become intellectual, you become humble, & females don't like this. Yeah, we came from harsh climates, but I doubt that females were attracted to others that were inventing the wheel – "beta" males – when we initially developed. Circumcision is not intellectual, It's reactionary. ♂
Ergeniz says:
I've come to a similar conclusion, but I think the term "patriarchy" itself was created as a term used for social repression of men's legitimate issues. Its no different than how women use "rape" and "misogyny" to shut down debate that might transfer attention away from men or center attention on women's hypocritical, illogical, unsubstantiated stances (you know, 'oppression' and other such nonsense).
The term is less a legitimate description of any type of social status and more a scapegoat to justify women's blatant travesties of justice.
I believe Douglas Galbi of purple motes has said something to this effect as well. I'll see if I can find it.
John Chapman says:
As an uncut male I feel that circumcision was/is used as a deterrent to natural sex and masterbation. Only an uncircumcised male can understand this because circumcised males have no way of knowing the difference. The foreskin is extremely sensitive to sexual activity…I should know. Cleanliness as an excuse is simply a cop out. What's the big deal about keeping a penis clean when one takes a bath? 'God' is typically male and The "Holy Spirit" is actually Feminine aka the Holy Mother. There is a spiritual connection that is established between males and females at climax and the reduced sensitivity in males reduces the connection between the two. Patriarchal religion fears the empowerment of women and a true spiritual male-female connection increases the possibility of creating an allied force against patriarchy. I feel that both patriarchy AND matriarchy are unnatural and history has proven this to be so. What could be more natural than a unified pa-matriarchy or Ma and Pa on an equal status?
John (Jack) Chapman
Max Hydrogen says:
There's far worse male genital mutilation than circumcision… ;(
…and now… my part:
Feminists, for too long, have bored us all with the ridiculous, absurd, grotesque nonsense that they call the Patriarchy. This demented system where "all men oppress all women because… Patriarchy!". A self fuelled dogmatic non argument based on nothing more than ideological abra cadabras. Their "logic" (also known as "she said it so it must be real") is based on the "completely scientific" and "absolutely undisputable" evidence that all men say is "mansplaining", while all women say is part of the supernatural "women's way of knowing" (or… it's those days of the month, get ready to agree or you're a chauvinist pig).
And for that reason (obviously), all mras, MGTOW and antifeminists (including most intelligent humans who understand basic logic), dismissed the "Patriarchy" as argumentative nonsense and ideological garbage. But is that fair? Should we completely throw the Patriarchy down the toilet just because feminists and gender ideologues, once again, out of selfish and political reasons, have infiltrated and hijacked language, corrupting words and their meaning only to push their agenda and control the narrative?
The Patriarchy is in my opinion (as I have explained to my good friend Ayam in one of our live hangouts), one of the most powerful tools that MGTOW could use against feminists and gender ideologues. The Patriarchy might take us where those who have dismissed it in just a few words like "nonsense! There is no patriarchal system, and it never existed. The Patriarchy is feminist lunacy!" have actually never been. The Patriarchy (la società patriarcale – pater / latin "father"; a societal structure ruled by gynocentric, misandric, androphobic fathers), was (and still is like Ayam explained in this article) a gynocentric system where the Pater Familias (a real, roman / latin figure), had the absolute right (and here's the deal!) to send their young sons to their deaths, while sparing their precious future "womb carriers", their not so disposable, not really exploitable, not entirely expendable daughters because, you know, male privilege…
The Patriarchy is what is mutilating most young boys in America, turning male genital mutilation into a multi billion dollar industry (while making female genital mutilation illegal in all Us states).
The Patriarchy is what is kicking young Indian men out of their homes immediately after forced marriage (both boys and girls are forced into a marriage organised by their parents but medias probably told to that only women are forced, well that's a lie), young men who are sent by the same Indian Patriarchy to the Middle East, in the Arabic Peninsula, to work like quasi slaves, where their working conditions will be something out of a nightmare and their passports will be taken away from them so they won't manage to escape their "privileged inferno" (while their wives will get the money directly sent to them via MoneyGram or WesternUnion from Abu Dhabi or Dubai, hoping there won't be too much blood on those banknotes).
The Patriarchy is there, in all its gynocentric and misandric glory, ready to be conveniently attacked by insulted feminists and offended women, but always ready to serve a "gender egalitarian society", entirely built, organised and run by men, and entirely served on a silver dish to women. Do you still have doubts? Well you should, after all you only need to look at the most powerful man in the World: Barack Obama. A Man, a leader, a father, a powerful politician and leader of the free world. And… a feminist. A feminist man who isn't afraid to publicly declare that "women are smarter, women are better" or upload on youtube a video with the title "One is 2 many", where he talks down to the "privileged men" calling them like dogs: "hey Guys, Listen up!" (Because you're nothing more than a disposable tool to him. An expendable robot, ready to take orders).
Yes, you should have doubts. Many. You should have doubts of these "powerful and privileged men", who treat women like innocent flowers and men like garbage, and you should have doubts of your very society. A "gender egalitarian society" ? Or a patriarchal one. Entirely up to you to decide. And if you live in America… look between your legs. There's the answer to your doubts. If one piece is missing, and you never gave consent to that, and chances are you're one of those 60-70% of males who were mutilated without consent, well… I don't know about you, but I would seriously start to have massive doubts about my "male privilege".
The privilege to be mutilated, and nobody ever asked. Nobody ever said "sorry. And nobody… would ever do the exact same thing to a girl.
CS MGTOW says:
Excellent points Jay, The Patriarchy is certainly and perhaps only, an institution to benefit women.
Turd Flinging Monkey says:
I didn't read this until now, after our hangout this morning. I guess I know why Ayam wanted the three of us to have a hangout on this subject.
antithesis says:
Had just started to eat the so-called red-pill (or whatever) and moving from MRA sites into MGTOW sites… and still having hard time to digest every single thing, but i "man up" and try to swallow them all nevertheless… haha
Actually the very first time i become deeply disturbed with my past miserable life as man was when i watched NGC's series on Lion and its pride. Why, I thought, the rise and demise of a lion king leading the pride (lioness, cubs and all) in a very short time on his prime age (2-4 years max in human years) ending them as outcasts and eventualy die a loner in misery IS VERY SIMILAR to what homo sapien men endures during our life time. It took me long time to slowly analyze everything on this "game of sex" and try to find my answer on the corners of the web. I wish someone here can see enlight me on this Lion's Pride thing too.
Having that said, I never at once in my almost 40 years life encountered any person with such school of thoughts adheres to "red-pilled" MRA let alone MGTOW in this corner of the globe, which I must say is still in its very 3rd world form. Hence, pardon my english since it's not my native. LoL.
We are living a pragmatic way of life here and do not develop too much analytical thinking either. And it strikes me like a gem to read someone is living at the same place as I do now even though I learned he is an expatriate. The hell, don't matter. I would like just greet you: Ayam. Maybe sometime we can talk on something over ayam goreng and es teh manis… I would be enthralled!
hey Ayam, I really like this post. The issue of Circumcision is rarely discussed in MGTOW circles but it should be as it represents an ongoing war against males.
Ayam Sirias says:
Agreed brother. It is very taboo among men. In the meantime women laugh.
BluDStaynD MGTOW says:
It will be soon, as an Intactivist it is my experience.
I was an intactivist before I became MGTOW and was the reason for joining MGTOW.
There are various Traditionalist systems that utilize circumcision and to establish gendered norms and tribalism.
I have everything all planned out on how to confront the issue of genital mutilation of boys for the MGTOW community.
Where have you been active? I have done some stuff in the NYC area.
Patriarchy tends to go hand-in-hand with Traditionalism because if men rule, the women must be protected by the ruling men, and then gynocentrism naturally follows as men are taught to care for women, and the male population stabilizes and causes competition between men for the approval of women.
It's a longer process that you seem to imply. At first, after a tribe is conquered or depleted after war, the women far outnumber the men, and the women compete for the remaining men (or simply to be the concubines of their conquerors, as being serially raped is better than dying of starvation).
Nothing gynocentric during that first generation or so, especially if the wars continue, and the male population is unstable. However, over time, as peace is established, and the male population increases, the men don't see their women as property, but family. These are no longer women they kidnapped to rape, but their mothers, their sisters, their neighbors, etc. This, combined with the stable male population, and less women to go around, is the origin of the establishment of gynocentrism within a patriarchal society, which I describe as "Gynocentric Traditionalism" as opposed to "Patriarchal Traditionalism".
Paul M says:
The purpose of circumcision – male and female – is to desensitise the genitals so that the child when it grows will be less dominated by their sex drive and the opposite sex.
That is: patriarchies mutilate boys and matriarchies mutilate women. FGM is performed by the older women of the village, and it's purpose is to make sure that a woman's first loyalty is to The Sisterhood. Male circumcision is performed basically for the same reasons. More extreme forms – "sausage penis" – also help to control population in very hostile environments by making conception more difficult.
Statements to the effect that it's about health ore aesthetics are smoke and mirrors. The real purpose why it was invented in the first place as as part of humanity's ongoing sex war.
Yes, that is very interesting. Not only was it originated for that (though I dont agree that it was intended for population control while it was actually on the contrary) but it was to solidify cultural depictions of the gender binary giving monopolies over behaviors for example in pharisaic styles as reasoned in the past:
Male circ excises the "feminine" (the entire prepuce or just its sphincter)
Female circ excises the "masculine" (glans clitoris or more)
Circumcision also amplifies some biologically unique behaviors of males and females but what is shared is the impulse to want to inflict it onto their children (of the same sex.)


LifeShare Blood Centers and M.L. Bath are offering blood donors a chance to go to the 2017 Super Bowl in Houston. Donors giving with LifeShare now through the end of the year will automatically be entered to win two tickets and pregame hospitality passes to the Super Bowl LI, along with the three-night stay in Houston for the event.
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Captiva Island is an even more relaxed version of its sister island, Sanibel. Time seems to stand still here and many remark that the island is frozen in time. However, its restaurants aren't and there are plenty of island dines to take advantage of while you're here. They are always serving up delicious meals in a great atmosphere, so what's not to love?
There are also two excellent restaurants just over the bridge on Sanibel Island. Check out The Mad Hatter and Sunset Grille. In the evening, they both have excellent views of the sunset. You won't be disappointed!
If you decide to explore Sanibel Island even further, here are our guides for the best breakfast and lunch restaurants on Sanibel Island and the best dinner restaurants on Sanibel.
One of Captiva Island's most well-known restaurants, the Keylime Bistro is located right in the heart of Captiva Village. If you are staying in a Captiva Island vacation rental off Andy Rosse Lane, Keylime Bistro sits at the end of the street where it intersects with Captiva Drive. It serves breakfast, lunch and dinner, so you can dine there for all three meals if you'd like.
The meals from Keylime Bistro on Captiva are delicious, especially if you love seafood. However, they have other options if that's not your thing. You can dine inside and appreciate its laid back, tropical décor. Or you can enjoy the Florida sunshine and sit outside. There's also a full-service bar and live music daily.
For breakfast, we recommend the crab cake benedict. It's a nice seafood twist on the most important meal of the day. If you're visiting for lunch, the grouper sandwich is a must-try entrée. We also love the key lime pasta. And for dessert, it's got to be key lime pie.
Visit the Keylime Bistro at 11509 Andy Rosse Lane, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
This longtime Captiva establishment is one of the best restaurants on Captiva Island and it's loved by locals and visitors alike. It's located near the beach in-between Andy Rosse and Wightman Lanes. You'll usually find residents and visitors at the Mucky Duck to watch the sunset. It's an island tradition. Inside you'll find old photos and island memorabilia. It's cozy and warm and perfect for the whole family to enjoy.
The Mucky Duck is just one of those places you have to check out when you're on Captiva. It's also one of the best places to go to grab a bite to eat and watch the sunset. And if you like seafood, even better. The Mucky Duck's entrees are delicious. It's also a great place to top off a good day at the beach.
Online reviewers praised the surf and turf and the barbeque bacon-wrapped shrimp. The scallops are also a hot ticket item.
Visit The Mucky Duck at 11546 Andy Rosse Lane, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
Doc Ford's on Captiva is located on the South Seas Island Resort's property, but it is open to the public. Like the Mucky Duck on Captiva, Doc Ford's is also an island staple. There is a spacious inside and breezy outdoor patio. Photos of Captiva hang on the wall and paint a picture of the island's history. The restaurant's Caribbean fare is also delicious and well worth a try.
Doc Ford's has a fun, casual and upbeat atmosphere. It's the ultimate dining destination for people looking to enjoy a low-key island vacation. They also have an excellent rum selection to help get you in the island mood.
Practically anyone you ask will tell you to try the Yucatan shrimp. They have the perfect combination of key lime flavors and Caribbean goodness. The paella and lobster rolls are also popular choices.
Visit Doc Ford's Rum Bar & Grille – Captiva Island at 5400 South Seas Plantation Road, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
People drive from all over Southwest Florida just to visit the Bubble Room on Captiva. Not only is the food amazing, but the inside of the Bubble Room will shock and delight you in the best way possible. The walls are covered with kitschy knickknacks and antiques to pay homage to the Bubble Room's multiple themes. It's Hollywood, Christmas and a toy store all rolled into one. It's bright and fun and it'll take all of your worries away. The Bubble Room is the best place to either kick off your vacation—or end it on a high note.
The Bubble Room is a great place to bring the entire family. The kids will especially love the décor. Some items are from the 1930s, so they're almost a century old. The moving trains are one of the biggest attractions for kids, and now they're on all three floors.
Almost all of the desserts are worth ordering. The portions are big, too! The Bubble Room is also known for its Bubble Bread.
Visit the Bubble Room at 15001 Captiva Drive, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
The Old Captiva House is steeped in island history. The whole restaurant is bright and open and has a very "Southern Belle" feel to it. It's charming and it'll captivate the whole family, so feel free to bring the kids along. The Old Captiva House was first built to be a one-room school, and then a fishing camp. In 1931, it became a restaurant for guests of the Tween Waters Island Resort & Spa. Most of its architecture and art has been preserved, so you'll feel like you're going back in time. It truly is an experience.
The atmosphere is dreamy and the food and service is suburb. There's also tons of history here. If you're a history buff, we highly recommend Old Captiva House as one of the best restaurants on Captiva Island.
Reviewers on TripAdvisor praised the Chilean sea bass, scallops stuffed with lobster, shrimp cocktail appetizer and seafood lasagna.
Visit the Old Captiva House at 15951 Captiva Drive, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
The Green Flash is a part of Captiva Island history and because of that, some would argue that it's one of the best restaurants on Captiva Island. The Green Flash was constructed on top of Timmy's Nook, a popular local gathering hole established in 1950. When the new owners took over, their goal was to preserve the spirit of Timmy's Nook. The legendary Captiva restaurant features views of the Intracoastal Waterway, the Pine Island Sound and Buck Key. It's located southwest of marker 38, so if you want to come by boat, you can! There's a dock out back, too.
The Green Flash is part of Captiva Island history and still known as a favorite local watering hole. You can pull up in your boat after a day exploring the waters around Captiva Island and enjoy a fantastic meal. After all, that's what vacationing in Florida is all about.
Reviewers on Yelp loved the steamed seafood pot, surf and turf, shrimp bisque and shrimp tacos. If you like seafood, this is the place to go!
Visit The Green Flash at 15183 Captiva Drive, Captiva Florida, 33924.
RC Otters has a great atmosphere. It's bright, fun and the inside features a Key West type of vibe. You can either sit inside or enjoy the weather and sit outside. There's live music every day, too. RC Otters also has an expansive menu, so there's something for everyone to enjoy. Additionally, there is a special children's menu for little ones under 12 years old.
RC Otters is a fun place the whole family can enjoy and they serve up entrees for all three meals of the day. It's a great place to take the kids and it's just an all-around good time.
For breakfast, we recommend trying the ultimate seafood omelet with shrimp and blue crab meat. Their traditional French toast, old-fashioned buttermilk pancakes and Belgian style waffles are also delicious. For lunch or dinner, there are plenty of seafood options like oysters on the half shell and grouper. If you're looking for something else, try the chicken fingers or New York strip steak.
Visit RC Otters Island Eats at 11506 Andy Rosse Lane, Captiva Island, Florida, 33924.
The Sunshine Seafood Café is one of the best restaurants on Captiva Island and also one of its best-kept secrets. It's a great option for fine dining and good wine. You can also sit inside or sit outside and enjoy being in the heart of the island. The Sunshine Seafood Café is known for its seafood fare, but it also has light options, like salads.
This is a great choice if you're looking for an upscale dining option in the heart of Captiva Village. The interior is sleek and modern and the food is amazing. What other reasons do you need?
There are a variety of seafood dishes to try, and we suggest you try them all. Start with the wood-grilled jumbo shrimp with an orange blossom honey sauce. The jumbo lump crab cakes are also delicious.
Visit Sunshine Seafood Café at 11508 Andy Rosse Lane, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
Like RC Otters, Cantina Captiva has a fun and funky vibe, like the types of restaurants you'd find in Key West. It also serves up some delicious Southwestern and Mexican fare.
The homemade guacamole is reason enough to visit this festive lunch and dinner restaurant. Made fresh daily, it comes with pico de gallo and warm tortilla chips. There are enough options on the menu for everyone, even if you don't like Mexican food. The service is great and the ambiance is even better.
Yelp reviewers praised the diablo shrimp and their burritos. You also can't beat the fresh guacamole.
Visit Cantina Captiva at 14970 Captiva Drive, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
Latte Da is the perfect place to go for your morning coffee or for a quick pick-me-up after dinner. There are colorful, island-themed decorations inside and out to get you in the island mood. Latte Da serves sandwiches and quick food items if you get hungry. They also serve Queenie's Homemade Ice Cream. It's local and many residents will tell you it's their favorite. Try it for yourself and see what you think!
Visit in the morning to enjoy a coffee and watch the island wake up and come to life. This coffee shop is located in the heart of Captiva, so it's an excellent spot if you like to people watch. Latte Da is a good option for a quick bite and it's great for after dinner desserts, whether you're choosing coffee, ice cream or both.
Latte Da serves coffee from Seattle's Best and also offers milkshakes, smoothies, homemade ice cream, books, gifts and delicious old-fashioned candies.
Visit Latte Da Coffee Shop & Deli at 11506 Andy Rosse Lane, Captiva, Florida, 33924.
Most of these restaurants are on Captiva's main thoroughfare, Andy Rosse Lane, in the heart of Captiva Village. Royal Shell has a variety of vacation rentals on or near Andy Rosse Lane, but Captiva is such a small island, you won't be far from some of the best restaurants on Captiva Island no matter where you stay. They are all a quick walk or bike ride away!


317 E 178th St is a Multi-Family building located in Mount Hope, Bronx constructed in 1924. This 6-story building has 66 units. The building is within Community District 205 and zoned for the following schools - P.S. 163 Arthur A. Schomburg, I.S. 313 School Of Leadership Development, I.S. 339. Nearby transportation include the 4, B, D subway lines.


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The Prefect inauguration ceremony was successfully held on the 19th September 2018. This ceremony presented our prefect team to all students and teachers. Our principal, Ms. Ho, gave a speech to thank the prefect advisors and acknowledged the outstanding contributions made by our outgoing Prefect Team. Ms. Ho presented the badges to the prefect leaders and witnessed the oath taking of our prefects. They promised to strive their best for serving the school and set good examples in all aspects of school life to help establish a harmonious learning environment for their schoolmates.


text:
What is Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms
Types of Peripheral Neuropathy
Evaluation and Tests
Types of Peripheral Neuropathy - Inflammatory
Idiopathic | Pre-diabetic/Diabetic | Hereditary | Toxic/Secondary to Drugs | Inflammatory | Systemic/Metabolic |
Compression | Other Types of PN
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually involves the lungs, but may affect any organ in the body. It is characterized by granulomas—abnormal collections of inflamed cells, tissue and blood vessels—that appear in the affected organs. In the United States, it is estimated that up to 4 in 10,000 people have sarcoidosis.
More common in women than men, it mainly affects adults between 20 and 40 years of age. African-Americans are more likely to have sarcoidosis than Caucasians. Caucasian people of Scandinavian, German, Irish and Puerto Rican descent are more likely to get the disease than those of other descent. The reason for the varying frequency of sarcoidosis among different ethnic groups is unclear.
In rare cases, sarcoidosis may affect the nervous system and cause neurological problems, including peripheral neuropathy. Granulomas may occur in the brain, spinal cord, facial nerve and optic nerve, potentially causing facial paralysis and other symptoms of nerve damage, including peripheral neuropathy.
No one knows what causes sarcoidosis. It might be the result of a disorder of the immune system, caused by a virus, or be due to exposure to an unknown substance in the environment. Genetic predisposition may be an important factor in the development of the disease. In most cases, sarcoidosis heals naturally. Patients with more severe cases may require treatment for long periods of time. The disease is not contagious.
(Not all symptoms and signs may be present.)
It's possible to have no symptoms, or to have symptoms that appear suddenly and then vanish, without the patient or doctor noticing or understanding the cause. The symptoms will vary, depending upon the parts of the body that are affected.
Symptoms may include:
Arthritis or myositis (an inflammatory muscle disease)
Enlarged and tender lymph glands, especially in the chest
Fever, night sweats
Lung problems, such as shortness of breath, dry cough or chest pain
Painful, swollen ankles
Red or teary eyes
Skin problems, such as a tender red or purple raised skin rash.
For peripheral neuropathy, look for these signs:
(Not all evaluation and tests may be necessary.)
Neurological exam
Nerve conduction velocity test
X-ray (typically of chest)
Pulmonary function (breathing) tests
(Not all treatments and therapies may be indicated.)
Medications, such as corticosteroids
Physical therapy to keep affected organs working
Take safety measures to compensate for loss of sensation
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY) released a report asserting that the proportion of young women ("girls") who are so-called binge drinkers (i.e., they sometimes consume four or more drinks on an occasion) is increasing.
In reality, the proportion of young women who "binge drink" is actually decreasing. That's according to the federal government's Monitoring the Future nation-wide surveys.
CAMY hasn't issued a retraction.
Daykin, Tom. Wisconsin brewers feeling effects of "alcopops" backlash. Journal Sentinel, May 6, 2006.


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text:
namespace PackageManager.Tests.Common
{
    using System;
    using Extension;
    using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
    using PackageManager.Common;

    [TestClass]
    public class CheckIfNull_Should
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void CheckIfNull_WhenTheObjectIsNull_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException()
        {
            // Arrange
            object testObject = null;

            // Act & Assert
            Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => Validator.CheckIfNull(testObject));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CheckIfNull_InitializeWithValidValue_ShouldReturnTrue()
        {
            // Arrange
            var objectToTest = new object();

            // Act && Assert
            AssertExtension.DoesNotThrows<Exception>(() => Validator.CheckIfNull(objectToTest));
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Nurturing Medical Professionalism in the Surgical Community
Daniel Kinyuru Ojuka1, Joyce Olenja2, Eunbae Yang3, Nimrod Juniahs Mwangombe1, Jana Macleod4
1.School of Medicine, University of Nairobi
2.School of Public Health,University of Nairobi
3.Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul , South Korea
4.School of Medicine, Kenyatta University
Correspondence to: Dr. Daniel Ojuka, P.O Box 20723-00202, KNH, Nairobi. Kenya.
danielojuka@gmail.com
Introduction: The teaching of professionalism worldwide is changing for effectiveness. Our aim was to explore the reflection of the surgical teaching community in a Kenyan context on how professionalism can be effectively inculcated through the socio-cultural concept of activity theory. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods study was conducted among clinicians and students within the surgical community of the University of Nairobi from March to December 2014. . Individual interviews and focus-group-discussions were conducted using grounded theory methods. A survey of the resultant views was performed through a pre-determined questionnaire which utilized a 4-point Likert scale for response ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". Factor analysis was used to analyze the responses to the survey. Internal reliability was determined by Cronbach's α. Results: Four themes emerged from the interviews; change of values, regulation, enabling environment and formal curriculum. In the survey, the participants strongly agreed with strengthening mentorship (77.5%) and a teaching facility (74.7%) with a rewarding or recognition (69.5%). The reliability test of the items showed a Cronbach's α of 0.827. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the participants would like to see a different and transforming path in inculcating professionalism through changing values and enabling environment among others.
Keywords: Nurturing, Medical professionalism, Surgical community
Ann Afr Surg. 2017;14(2):10-18.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aas.v14i1.3
© 2017 Annals of African Surgery. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The teaching of values requires congruency in what is being taught and what is being demonstrated (1). 'Lack of such congruency is a hindrance to the socialization process that is the current norm in teaching of professionalism (2). Further, the tendency in medical school to major on teaching objective sciences gives little room for professionalism as a subject worth teaching and examining (3). A number of methods of teaching professionalism have been suggested, implying there is no one agreeable way, and that any method will be encumbered by challenges in various contexts. Our context is faced with three-fold challenges of lack of resources, incongruence in morals to what is taught, lack of clear formal curriculum and therefore the teaching of professionalism is left to the informal and hidden curriculum (4). Furthermore, the behavior of doctors has come into sharp focus in the public domain through the print media (5, 6). Such negative publicity may bring about cognitive dissonance as was described by Festinger, but through the community reflecting on this activity it is possible that they themselves can suggest transformative changes as was suggested by Daryl Bem in his self-perception theory (7, 8). Self-perception allows for professional to look at their current behaviors and change their attitudes through critical thinking. This is further buttressed by the Mezirow's theory of transformative learning, especially the communicative process where there is questioning of goals, values and norms of the community through the critical thinking process (9). We therefore believe that by these two critical learning theories and the methodology using Activity Theory, we could arrive at the reflections of the participants that would shape how professionalism can be effectively taught (10).
The study was conducted within the department of surgery at the University of Nairobi (UoN) and the surgical wards at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). The study population included consultants and surgical residents. We used a sequential mixed method comprising qualitative and quantitative surveys among the surgical teaching community. The framework we based our methodology on was the Activity Theory (AT) which takes the learning environment as a single unit of analysis. This is because the process of thinking through what should be in the curriculum is beyond just the learner or the faculty, it embraces the socio-cultural context. AT conceptualizes learning as a transformation and identity formation process for the student. Ethical approval to conduct this study was obtained from the KNH-UoN Ethics and Research Committee (Reference Number P59/11/2013). We used purposive sampling in the qualitative study for the focus group discussion of 10-12 participants and the key informant interviews. We held key-informant interview with senior faculty who had been in the department for more than 20 years while with the rest we had focus group discussion. We used grounded theory methods of data collection and analysis for both the focus group discussion and the key informant interview.
The guiding question for clinicians was, "Could you describe how we can effectively teach professionalism given the challenges in our environment?" The data were collected mainly by tape recording using a Sony ICD BX112 2GB during the interviews. The principal investigator facilitated the interviews while an assistant recorded the events. The records were transcribed and entered into Atlas 5.2.0 by an assistant who had 5 years of experience in qualitative research. The collection of data through the interviews was conducted in tandem with analysis until saturation was deemed to have been reached, which was determined by the repetition of ideas already mentioned in other groups. After saturation, we codified the themes and domains that emerged from the interviews and piloted a questionnaire among five faculty members. This process led to the revision of the questionnaire, which was then distributed to similar participants. The survey question was, "The items below describe how challenges in the practice and teaching of professionalism can be overcome in University of Nairobi." The responses provided in the survey were analyzed on a 4-point Likert scale rated strongly agree (4), agree (3), disagree (2), and strongly disagree (1) (see Appendix)
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses fromthesurveytoidentifymeasuresofcentraltendency for each main domain. Factor analysis with promax rotation and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin normalization was used to explore the structure underlying the 16 items reflective of methods for the better inculcation of professionalism in the training of medical students and postgraduates. The Kaiser criterion was used to drop the least important factors from the analysis when Eigen values were <1.0. Internal consistency reliability was determined by employing Cronbach's.
We analyzed 26 interviews consisting of 16 focus group discussion and ten key informant interviews with senior faculty. The focus group discussion and individual interview generated about 16 concepts that participants felt were ways of overcoming the challenges and effectively teach professionalism to the medical students and postgraduates. On further thematic analysis, four themes emerged as shown in Table 1. The themes are discussed below and illustrated by the excerpts from the interviews.
Overcoming the challenge of personal character to foster professionalism
While self-regulation is part of professionalism, it seems that it begins after graduation. However in medical school and even among postgraduates there appears to be problems that require the regulatory body. It was suggested that this regulation should begin from medical school, and should be systemic so as to enable individuals to form their identity from early on. "This regulatory authority which you say should be the last stage, I think that is a big mistake; some of us [are] not [aware] that [regulatory] body exists until you become a doctor. I think the board should come in right from the first year, let whoever is coming in get to know what it means to be in this profession, the regulations, the punishments so that they grow with it, as they come out they know what is expected regarding discipline.
FGD F-2 Role-modeling requires congruency of the rhetoric with the lifestyle of the instructor. The participants suggested that mentorship in small groups would enable critical thinking and questioning of values practiced, therefore ensuring there is transformation at the individual level through the group.
"Mentorship Programs also really help. If every registrar is attached to a fifth year and to a fourth year, it's a sort of a linking chain where you actually take responsibility to people near your level" FGDM-2 Peer mentorship through benchmarking by the way of exchange program with other universities was another way that was suggested to boost the inculcation of professionalism
"Alternatively, I think we can have like exchange programs with the other institutions, or like other medical schools so that we can see like how they do it. What we consider as being professional may not be regarded as professional elsewhere, so through those programs we can learn a lot." FGD F-1
Overcoming the challenge of institutional inadequacies to foster professionalism
Institutions need to have cultures that enable professionalism and part of the challenges as we have seen is institutional issues that are proxy for institutional cultures that may not enable professionalism. Cultural change requires leadership. We require leadership to modify the ideals of the institution at the entry of teachers and students. The recruitment of medical educators and students should not only be on grades but on the idea that medicine is a calling that requires passion and commitment without ignoring academic abilities.
"I agree that some things need to change and it will take the leadership to create awareness and bring in the new ideas" FGDM-1
"Medicine is not really about the grade; it comes with a passion. Do you have a passion for patients? The vocation aspect plays a role. If it's something you really want to do, then you'll be comfortable doing it other than doing something because you think there's money". FGDM-5
The participants also shared the idea that the wards and operation room are not adequate, there is need to have people work in shift to decongest the wards. There were also suggestions this could be advanced to managing the institution in small manageable areas so that the work is done more efficiently. The other suggestion was better remuneration for retention of doctors within the country.
"The numbers of patients in the ward waiting for surgery in some wards are high, with high number of surgeries being postponed. Instead of ten surgeries they'll do five. The service provider should work in shifts like in theatre; the work should not only be done during the day. A half of them should come during the day, the other during night and if that would happen we would not have these backlogs we have in the wards" FGDR-1
The environment can be made enabling by better management of resources so that we can deliver on our mandate. If that is not possible because of twin administrative structures, maybe the best would be to get a university hospital for wholesome teaching with one administration.
"Looking at it from an institutional point of view, we need to decide that we are actually going to teach the students the right thing. I think our problem is that we are linked to a government hospital which is to some extent being mismanaged such that we keep getting the wrong picture of how a hospital runs. Either we would transform the way the hospital is run, or we get our teaching hospital". FGDF-2
There is a need for a better reward system for motivation purposes for change and the continued practice of professionalism.
"Having some form of reward system where someone is appreciated. You work the whole night and nobody sees the good in what you do; some level of recognition can motivate you" FGDR-1
Fostering professionalism through having shared values
Teaching for a deeper understanding that would change character requires integrating cultural constructs. In a more collectivistic than individualistic style, reducing the power distance between teacher and student helps in enhancing understanding of what it means to be professional. This understanding can be better when it is begun earlier.
"A career day where they bring different professionals: pilot, a doctor, an engineer and each speaks about the career, the positives, and the negatives, then they tell you, you have to decide. So, that people do not go into any career because of financial issues, one should be told what's important for you to go to any career is your passion. So, I think it should start early before one gets frustrated". FGD F-1
An informal setting where people talk without fear of victimization helps to set up an environment of knowing people better. It is only in doing this that characters of colleagues will be known, and collegiality developed between juniors and seniors and between peers. This then enables correction of bad attitudes and character without seeming to be malicious to anyone.
"We must deliberately develop the social networks so that when I see this colleague of mine seems to have issues, we must find a way of bringing him back, and you see that will also help us to do what we call self-regulation within the profession". FGD F-2
Overcoming inadequate capacity and lack of curriculum
Learning abstract values requires a lecturer who understands and demonstrates issues so that the students grasp them in their cognitive domain to enable them to practice them.
"They should be like classes on bedside manners, defining professionalism in theoretical classes, so that when [one] knows what they are supposed to do. When [they] go for practical lessons, then [they] are shown what [they] already have in theory" FGDM-7 Furthermore, in a field such as professionalism, there needs to be faculty training so that there is understanding of the issues by the teachers that will help them teach and assess; this could take the form of workshops and retreats.
"Train the teachers well and explain to them the importance of professionalism. An institutional framework whereby, for some periodic retreats, so that whereby the doctors go and assess themselves and do team building." KIF-2
Given the large numbers of students and increased workload, it was suggested that there is a need to increase the teaching staff to student ratio for a better apprenticeship to take place.
"For training purposes, the number should be reduced, or the staff increased so that when you are having bedside teaching you have 2 to 3 students; each gets to do the full procedure like to examine the abdomen". FGDM-5
Results of the survey on the views about how to effectively teach professionalism
In the survey, some of the nuances of the concepts were taken up, e.g. working in shifts and working in manageable units and some were combined in regulatory aspects making 16 instead of 15.
The methods that the participants thought were the most important ways of overcoming the challenges in order to effectively foster professionalism included good and improved mentorship programs (77.5% strongly agree). Teaching medicine as a calling was one of the ways least seen as a way of fostering professionalism (Table 2).
Click To View Table 1
 Click To View Table 3
Exploration of the 15 items to find whether there are 'hidden principles' that could reduce them to organized groups, we performed factors analysis. Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin Bartlett was 0.924 with a p-value of <0.001.The reliability test of the items showed a Cronbach's α of 0.827. Only four factors had Eigenvalues greater than 1. Factor analysis resulted in 4 factors which accounted for 57.1% of the variance, the largest component of which (30.12%) was accounted for by factor 1. The loading of items indicated the following factor structure: Factor1 (Better teaching environment) was loaded with the following items; good teaching facility, increase the number of lecturers, reward system, university teaching site, and better remuneration. Factor 2 (character formation) with the following items; regulations, leadership, mentorship programs and exchange programs. The loading of exchange program is below 0.5 and therefore not significant in defining the factor. Factor 3 (Making work easier), had the following items loading; formal curriculum, faculty development, work shifts, and small manageable areas. The loading of small manageable areas is below 0.5 and may not be useful in defining this factor. Factor 4 (Aptitude) loaded the following items: recruitment, medicine as a calling, and social program (Table 3).
The inadequate learning of professionalism has been demonstrated in the print media bringing into sharp focus the erosion of values among the practitioners of medicine (11). The values of practitioners in the context have been noted as challenges (4). Therefore, the reflection of the community on this may suggest a transformation of character that begins with a change of values at the institutional level, especially so at the entry point of the teachers and the students. The values must be those of commitment to the professional principles of morality, which views medicine as a 'call' (12).
One of the factors that have been recognized as a major challenge to role modeling is the change in values from one generation to the next (13). However, values not only change across generation but also across cultures. When culture values 'respect' above truth, it may hinder role modeling as a form of teaching professionalism. It is, therefore, fitting in this context, that values that promote professionalism should be encouraged to change at the point of entry, so that socialization can take place with similar values. Changing cultural values requires leadership as suggested in this and other studies (13). Leadership may not have been the most prominent finding but it was mentioned in the interviews and was rated fifth in the survey indicating the recognition of its need in our context.
Lave and Wenger's community of practice theory on how learning takes place in a social context has been a major driver for the third-loop of learning professionalism, its limitation is thought to be the hidden curriculum (14). The hidden curriculum is not always a weakness. When it was first applied to education by Philip Jackson in 1968, it was seen as a network of institutional values, rules and assumptions that were as important in shaping the character of the individual as well as the formal curriculum (15). In his Book Life in Classrooms he is quoted as saying; "It is certainly possible that many of our valedictorians and presidents of our honor societies owe their success as much to institutional conformity as to intellectual prowess" (15). However, most of the literature on the hidden curriculum is negative. Therefore, in this study critical thinking and self-perception as theories could be engaged to help the community make changes to improve the implementation of effective professionalism.
A formal curriculum was proposed that would address the deficiency in cognitive aspects of professionalism. It should be a blended curriculum, with a reflective group that would combine medical students, faculty and residents. Cruess and Cruess began by stating that professionalism must be taught with the main aim of adequately raising the awareness of the students so that they can reflect on what it is they have to do and be (16). This study suggested a well-structured mentorship program for small groups that would aid reflection on this issues that are similar to such groups like Relationship Centered Care initiative of Indiana University (17).
One of the ways of sustaining values in an organization is through regulation; the community of the practitioners recognizes this through the self-reflection on the unsatisfactory outcomes that they get and the disciplinary experiences in the hands of the regulator. The medical sociologists have long debated the place of self-regulation of organizations and how it helps keep the trust of the society in the individual professionals. It only works because they trust the organization to enforce regulatory measures to correct individuals who violate the values, norms and rules of the organization (18). The regulation, however, should be structured in such a way that it begins from medical school, rather than the current one which only begins once outside of medical school. This study indicates that regulation of practice and of learning may help in creating a situation where practitioners are forced to reflect on their actions or omissions.
While regulations exist, the way issues have been handled seems only to make the community think that professionalism is not taken seriously because the regulatory bodies appear to protect the doctors rather than look at the interests of the public. Furthermore, regulation, as practiced in other jurisdictions, not only includes penalizing unethical behaviors when they occur but also regular assessment of the clinicians' skills (20). The regulatory bodies play a critical role in ensuring those who are admitted are qualified, their teaching is up to date, and the final assessment is of quality (20). Improvement of the educational environment was suggested as one of the ways in which individuals could build an educational community.
The institution that appreciates hard working members through non-cash or cash rewards, that organizes informal gatherings where members feel free to talk openly and play with each other fosters networks that go a long way in enabling professionalism to thrive. This was suggested in this study but was also shown in the literature on professionalism as well (21). The enabling environment may also require a specific designated teaching hospital as opposed to using a public hospital to teach. This is because a shared hospital engenders difficulties of lack of shared values. The student-to-faculty ratio is part of an enabling environment and therefore should be reduced to a number that can foster one faculty member to few students to enable that reflective activity (1).
Both teachers and students alike spoke of the need for an enabling environment regarding facilities for teaching and learning but also one where the focus is not only on academic grades. Some suggested forums where students interact with students as well as faculty so that they get to know one another outside the class rooms. It is crucial because the way the society socializes dictates what values are picked by the young for their personal frameworks (1, 12). The activeness of an educational community is crucial to the learning of professional values.
Practicing and teaching in a public hospital in a developing country has its limitations. There have been certain times when patients are not able to afford the care, and so there was a suggestion of universal insurance cover so that no one would miss care because of finance or lack of resources. This lack of resources, especially in the public hospitals, has been an excuse for neglecting the patients in this sector to go and practice in private hospitals where there are resources. It is also possible that if health care financing were to be structured in a way that everyone is catered for, the divide along social classes would be reduced. Additionally, it would bring resources to the hospital and ensure the presence of the faculty in the hospital, hence increase the interaction between patients, trainees and trainers. It can potentially increase the learning of values, as the senior doctors will be more likely to remain available to public patients rather than withdrawing to their private practices. Structured health care financing may also reduce the burden of pay on the government for salaries and shift it to health facilities. They would then be able to pay their staff and in the process, reduce the chances of industrial action to force the government to improve remuneration. Proper utilization of resources by reducing wastage and corruption was suggested to deal with poor resourcing in our context as well as better remuneration of the health care workers.
The reward system was also proposed as a way to motivate staff. This reward does not necessarily need to be financial and can be used as an incentive to both the students and the staff to increase and sustain professional behavior. Two practical ways have been suggested in the literature. First, national humanism in medicine awards given by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and secondly, the Arnold P Gold Foundation and Health Foundation of New Jersey (21) giving points for promotion, the educational Relative Value Units (RVUs) for excellent role modeling (22).
This study had suggestions of further rewards like giving mortgages at cheaper rates, health insurance, research grants and scholarships that could provide further incentives to strengthen and foster professionalism. In the case of students, the reward could be by improving their assessment or by enlarging the areas to be assessed. Values need time and availability of the supervisor to observe and evaluate for them to grow and mature (12). The surgeons who are meant to be supervisors often hardly have time and are frequently not available in the ward to assess the student (23). When they do assess, they are likely not to be candid with students on their feedback (23). Some are not candid as a cover up for their absence and others for unawareness on how assessment in such areas should be performed. There is hence the need for faculty development in these areas (24). There may be a need for explicit grading of professionalism that has consequences, and it needs to be in practical areas (22).
The study also found that one of the problems is the increased number of students with no corresponding increase in the number of faculty or increase in the teaching facilities. This makes the environment congested and was suggested by some students as "not good for the patient and practitioners." The increased numbers also reduce interaction between supervisor and trainee. This may mean a reduction in the number of students to match the number of teachers or increase faculty as well as building a teaching hospital
This study demonstrates that the participants are aware of the deficiencies and are able to critically think through and offer solutions that are in tandem with transformational changes known elsewhere despite their challenges and weakness. These changes include building a reflective group and changing values among others.
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text:
RPT-Big miners reconsider Congo, Zambia risks as copper
Oct 13, 2021· Escondida is the world's largest copper mine. In Zambia, the August election of President Hakainde Hichilema has been a "gamechanger", said Nick Schirnding, chairman of exploration firm Arc
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Gearless Mill Drive systems for copper mine in Zambia
Solwezi, Zambia. Siemens supplied Gearless Mill Drives for two SAG (Semi-Autogenous Grinding) mills and two ball mills. The two SAG mills form the core of the new Sentinel copper mine, located 150 kilometers west of Solwezi in the middle of the savannah.
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Feb 18, 2021· Building on copper in Zambia. By Scarlett Evans 18 Feb 2021. As the electric vehicle sector accelerates, commodities such as copper are becoming ever more important. We speak with mining company Chillerton Group's board director Karan Rathi about the copper industry in Zambia, and how the Covid-19 pandemic has made investor support of
Analysis of the Effects of Grind Size on Production of
21692, Zambia (Mobile No, +260977846337, fax: +260-02-229354 ;( the production of copper concentrate, productivity is the e-mail: [email protected]). He has mining experience with Konkola Copper Mines in Zambia. Bupe.G. Mwanza is with the . Copperbelt University, Kitwe, P O Box
Achieving the dream of sustainable small-scale copper and
Jul 09, 2021· Kula Resources is a new and agile mining company with the aim to transform small-scale mining in Zambia. It currently has a number of sites (both copper and gold) that it has started mining or is planning to mine within the Northwestern province of Zambia. All sites are within 60 km of its base in .
Gearless Mill Drives
Nov 07, 2021· Supporting ambitious copper output goals Located approximately 150 kilometers west of Solwezi in northwest Zambia, the mills at Sentinel are amongst the world's biggest. Siemens implemented a unique SIMINE Gearless mill drive with SIMATIC PCS 7 mill automation and a Frozen Charge Shaker. The mine operators profit not just from an operational
copper nmining nprocess nplant nin nzambia
Zambia Zambia s 2017 copper production to drop. Mopani Mines Zambia s copper production is expected to inch lower to 753 992 tones this year from 774 290 tones in 2016 mainly due to lower output from Konkola Copper Mines . View more. gold nore ndressing nplant nfor nsale.
Enterprise Nickel Project, Kalumbila, North Western
The Enterprise nickel project is situated in the northwest portion of the Trident project area, approximately 12km away from the Sentinel copper mine. The project site lies in the Kalumbila district of North Western Province, Zambia, approximately 150km west of Solwezi.
Annual Data 2019
to trace the flow of copper in the U.S. economy from mining and scrap collection through smelting, refining and ingot making to the wire rod and wire mills, brass mills, and foundries and then on to the final enduse markets. This- flow is shown schematically onpages 4 and 5. On this schematic
Lumwana Copper Mine
Image courtesy of JavierLJ/shutterstock. The Lumwana Mine is an open-cut copper mine project in the North West province of Zambia, 220km west of the Copperbelt and 65km west of the town of Solwezi. The mine was officially inaugurated in April 2009 by .
Exploring Zambia as a coffee origin
Oct 05, 2021· A history of coffee production in Zambia. Before the introduction of coffee to Northern Rhodesia (as Zambia was known until 1964), most of the country's exports were from its rich copper deposits. In 2020, copper still accounted for 73% of all Zambian exports, showing that it remains a huge part of the country's economy.
First Quantum Minerals Ltd.
The Kansanshi copper smelter, commissioned in the first half of 2015, has enabled First Quantum to optimize the value of the copper it produces in Zambia, and created a further 700 specialist jobs. It has a nominal capacity of 1.2 million tonnes per annum of concentrate to produce more than 300,000 tonnes of blister copper annually.
Lumwana Copper Mine Zambia
The Truck Trolley System helps deliver copper ore in the form of rock particles in the open pit to the crushing/conveyor system. The gearless mill drives for...
Africa is a mineral treasure chest that could be a huge...
Oct 19, 2021· For example, Kansanshi, the largest copper mine in Zambia, is estimated to use 340,000 litres of diesel each day to mine 82,000 tonnes of ore feed (and 290,000 tonnes of .
COPPER (Data in thousand metric tons of copper content unless otherwise noted) Refined copper and scrap were used at about 30 brass mills, 15 rod mills, and Zambia 797 830 262 360 21,000 Other countries 3,100 3,300 3,640 3,500 200,000 World .
Long way round: How Zambian copper is entering the EU
Export of copper from Zambia. Zambia exported copper valued at approximately USD 7,2 billion in 2014. Its main importer of refined copper was Switzerland, while the main destination for its unrefined copper – 95 percent of the total – was China, according to The Atlas of Economic Complexity. Zambia's 10 biggest export countries for
Ongoing Recruitment at Lubambe Copper Mines Limited
Jul 25, 2018· The design capacity is 2.5 MTPA of ore at an average mill grade of 2.3% copper, yielding 45,000 tonnes of contained copper in concentrate to be sold to smelter in Zambia. To support this vision, Lubambe Copper Mine seeks to employ experienced and qualified individuals in the following position:
What is the most suitable transport route of goods from
Aug 24, 2021· Zambia, which is also rich in cobalt, is the second-largest copper producer in Africa after the DRC. The World Bank summarised that the two countries that neighbour on Angola and have access to the Lobito Corridor contain 34% of the world's cobalt reserves and over 10% of global copper .
Four Big Mines Dominate Zambia's Copper Production
Jun 24, 2016· F our big mines dominate Zambia's copper production, complemented by several smaller players who also play an important role. All the mines are backed by a wide range of respected international investors. The Zambian government, through its investment-holding company ZCCM-IH, is a minority shareholder in nearly all of them – and is, in effect, the biggest shareholder in Zambia's .
Lumawan Copper Mine Zambia
Nov 28, 2011· Siemens Mining: The Truck Trolley System and the gearless mill drives for primary and secondary milling were installed and engi...
Shriram EPC
Konkola Copper Mines, Zambia Gas cleaning plant for Copper smelter project SWEMCO, USA (GCP) Civil works for Hot Strip Mill In House Integrated Steel .
The Problem. The Kafue River Basin in the Chingola District, Zambia has experienced heavy polluting over the past several decades. Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) is the primary source of this pollution, disposing of industrial waste products and various bio-chemical substances directly into the reservoirs.
COPPER PRICE HITS $10,200 PER TONNE – Daily Nation
Copper for delivery in December rose sharply for a second day in a row on the Comex market in New York, touching US$10,200 per tonne, the highest since the beginning of June. According to Mining.Com, copper climbed as much as 3.6 percent to US$9,994 a tonne in London. It stated that the cash-to-three-month spread was trading at the biggest gap
Engineering Job Vacancies in Lubambe Copper Mine Zambia
Feb 03, 2018· The design capacity is 2.5 MTPA of ore at an average mill grade of 2.3% copper, yielding 45.000 tonnes of contained copper in concentrate to be sold to smelters in Zambia. Lubambe Copper Mine Limited requires the services of qualified and motivated persons to fill the following vacancies: ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICER – 1 position. Key responsibilities
After Default, Zambia's Outsized Bet on Copper Could Play
Apr 27, 2021· April 27, 2021 5:08 am ET. Print. Text. Zambia, which defaulted on payments to bondholders in November, is doubling down on debt with a high-stakes bet that nationalizing one of its biggest copper
Sentinel Copper Mine, Kalumbila, North Western Province
The Sentinel copper mine produces more than 220,000t of copper a year. The Sentinel copper mine is located in the North Western Province of Zambia. The Sentinel copper mine was developed with an estimated investment of £1.9bn ($2.3bn), as part of the integrated Trident copper/nickel project by First Quantum. Construction works on the Sentinel
The Lumwana Mine is an open-cut copper mine project in the North West province of Zambia, 220km west of the Copperbelt and 65km west of the town of Solwezi. The mine was officially inaugurated in April 2009 by Equinox Minerals, which was acquired by Barrick Gold Corporation for C$7.3bn in July 2011.
Zambian president to meet IMF, World Bank in Washington
Sep 23, 2021· Reuters 23 Sep 2021. LUSAKA: Zambia's president is due to meet officials at the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in Washington, his spokesman said on Wednesday, as the southern African
Copper and restructuring: How new Zambian President
Sep 13, 2021· Zambia's copper is key to a low-carbon world. Its new president bets the shiny metal will power its comeback from default.
Konkola Copper Mines: Latest News, Photos, Videos on
Dec 11, 2020· Worth Rs 113 crore McNally Bharat Engineering Company has received orders for West Mill Copper Concentrator Plant and East Mill Flotation Circuit from Konkola Copper Mines, PLC in Nehanga, Zambia
Aug 24, 2021· Zambia, which is also rich in cobalt, is the second-largest copper producer in Africa after the DRC. The World Bank summarised that the two countries that neighbour on Angola and have access to the Lobito Corridor contain 34% of the world's cobalt reserves and over 10% of .
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On a point of order, my amendment No. 34 has been ruled out of order by the Ceann Comhairle but this amendment was debated on Committee Stage. Why was it ruled out of order when we were able to discuss it on Committee Stage? A vote was also taken on it on that Stage.
On the same point of order, I tabled three amendments and the same answer has been given. In a short letter from the Ceann Comhairle the reasons given are that they have the potential to impose a charge on the Exchequer and are against the principle of the Bill. Clearly our amendments are against the principle of the Bill. We do not agree with the Bill as it relates to Galway. This type of language - that it is against the principle of the Bill - beggars belief. We are absolutely against the spirit and words of the Bill in respect of Galway city and county.
Amendment No. 34 seeks to delete section 50, which proposes a single chief executive officer with dual responsibility for Galway city and Galway county. The retention of the two posts rather than the single post may impose a charge on the Revenue and the deletion of one of the aims of the Bill is in conflict with the Bill as read a Second time. In short, the amendment imposes a charge on the Exchequer and it has been ruled out of order for that reason in accordance with Standing Order 179(3). It is in conflict with the Bill as read a Second Time and it was ruled out of order for that reason in accordance with Standing Order 154.
I do not believe that. The Minister of State made it clear that money would be given to the local authorities. The amendment should not have been ruled out of order. We should be allowed to debate it given that we debated it on Committee Stage.
It was discussed yesterday at the budgetary meeting in Galway County Council with regard to the funding that is coming forward. That funding is ring-fenced for what is happening with the single executive.
I do not understand the reasoning behind the explanation. None of this was said on Committee Stage even though it was discussed on that Stage. The Minister of State was present. If there were bona fides about local democracy, this would have been pointed out on Committee Stage. In fact, it will cost money to do this so none of it makes sense. What else were we to table? We are opposed to the spirit and detail of the Bill with regard to Galway city and county and, therefore, we asked for the provision to be removed.
Clarification is required. We all attended the Committee Stage debate. How is it the amendment could be accepted for debate on Committee Stage and was not ruled out of order? Can anybody clearly state what rules are different on Committee Stage when it can be ruled out of order on this Stage? We are discussing the same Bill and the same amendments.
I seek further clarification. The letter states that it is a cost to the Exchequer but it is not because two chief executives are in situ in Galway who are paid for by the Exchequer. The Bill, if passed, proposes that there will be one chief executive officer. The two chief executive officers are in situ. We seek a proper debate in the House but we are being treated unfairly on this.
With regard to the potential to impose a charge on the Exchequer, it has serious potential to saves charges on the Exchequer. We could easily argue from the other direction. This has come from nowhere. It leads me to seriously question the bona fides of the Government in this regard.
I will make a decision shortly. I call Deputy Darragh O'Brien.
I support my colleagues on this point on the basis that the amendment opposing the section was discussed on Committee Stage. With regard to the ruling, I have advised the Minister of State of our position on this. It should be allowed to be debated. Unless the Minister of State comes forward with an alternative to allow the views of colleagues to be debated, we will have to look at the Bill in its entirety.
The Deputy knows from experience that amendments ruled out of order by the Ceann Comhairle cannot be debated. It is a ruling of the Ceann Comhairle regarding amendment No. 34, not a ruling of the Minister of State or the Government.
It might not be a question the Leas-Cheann Comhairle can answer, but could I get the staff's advice regarding amendments in the Seanad? Will the same ruling apply when the Bill goes to the Seanad if the section were to be opposed in an amendment?
That is a matter for the Seanad.
Yes, but I am seeking guidance.
The guidance is that it would be a matter for the Cathaoirleach of the Seanad. The Seanad will have to do its own business but that may be an opportunity.
The Leas-Cheann Comhairle used the word "may". There may be an opportunity.
I cannot speak for the Cathaoirleach of the Seanad.
We are saying that the section would have to be debated on Committee Stage in the Seanad.
-----regardless of whether an amendment is tabled.
It is not acceptable to leave the Dáil without clarity on this matter. We thought it was clear in the committee. Neither I nor my colleagues are members of that committee but we took the time to attend Committee Stage. We did our homework before we went there and we debated the issue. At no stage was this highlighted. This decision is open to serious question. The ruling says it is against the principle of the Bill. What kind of reason is that? Clearly our amendment is in conflict with the principle of the Bill.
Second, with regard to the potential charge, there are two CEOs at present. That is the current position. This is unacceptable at this point in the process, and we are getting what is almost waffle with regard to what is possible in the Seanad.
I wish to raise a separate matter, the ruling out of order of amendments Nos. 12, 13 and 16 in my name. The Ceann Comhairle says they have the potential to impose a charge on the Exchequer. The people of the four local authorities in Dublin are crying out for an elected mayor or leader who will be held accountable and responsible for grotesque failures in housing policy, traffic management, planning and in a plethora of other areas. Dublin city, Fingal, south Dublin and Dún Laoghaire - my native county - desperately need an elected person to lead the county and this great capital city. As the Fianna Fáil Government did previously, this Fine Gael Government has refused to countenance the idea of consulting the people of Dublin about having their own elected administration. We desperately need one. We are sick of bureaucrats not delivering. That is what these amendments propose. I cannot see how a simple consultation has the potential to impose a charge. I apologise to my Galway colleagues as I realise their issue is critical but I also wish to record that as a Dublin Deputy, I am most unhappy that the Government has repeatedly refused to do this.
There will be an opportunity when discussing the various amendments.
Perhaps I am out of order in allowing a debate on the issue before we come to amendment No. 34. My advice is that the Ceann Comhairle has ruled that it would impose a charge on the Exchequer and that it was the section that was voted on on Committee Stage, not the amendment.
On a point of order, can the Leas-Cheann Comhairle give a commitment that this section can be debated in the Seanad?
Can somebody give us a ruling on this?
This thing which was circulated at the council meeting yesterday by Mr. Lemass in the Department was a disgrace.
We need to have a proper debate on this.
I am sure that by the time we get to amendment No. 34 all Members with connections in the Seanad will be able to clarify if it can be dealt with in that House. I am not the Cathaoirleach or the Leas-Chathaoirleach of the Seanad, and I cannot deal with that.
Could I comment on a point of order?
Just on a point of order.
It took a lot of us by surprise that the section was opposed on Committee Stage. Normally if something happens on Committee Stage, one can return to it on Report Stage. If that is the ruling of the House, we must accept it but if that is the way it is going to be - it was not taken out on Committee Stage so it could not be taken out on Report Stage - then that is a pity. We have to look at the way standing orders work to make sure Members are warned on Committee Stage that if something falls on Committee Stage, it cannot come back on Report Stage. If we had known this, the result on Committee Stage might have been different.
Deputies will have to talk to their colleagues. Perhaps we could have some clarity from Members by the time we get to amendment No. 34.


Always looking for interesting ways to cook game birds, a friend suggested we try a salt crust. Salt-Crusted Rosemary Duck was the perfect choice.
Quick and easy to prepare ahead of time, Zucchini Pepper Stacks with Duck Breast are tasty little morsels that work well with smaller breasted ducks.


text:
Bax: Tone Poems, Vol. 2 (CD review)
Vernon Handley, BBC Philharmonic. Chandos CHAN 10446.
English composer Arnold Bax (1883-1953) wrote in 1943, "I was until quite recently about as instinctive (an) artist as could be found. I passed unperturbed during the last war, turning out my romantic stuff in an unending stream, and it was only very gradually that I realized that I was marooned upon a lonely rock with scarcely a companion...."
Bax wrote many of his most famous tone poems and symphonies before and just after the First World War, the War being a great turning point in the outlook of many other artists, bringing with it an end to Romanticism as we know it and a beginning of a harder, more-cynical age. But Bax carried on with his "Nature poems for orchestra," as he called them, almost until his death. More is the blessing for us.
I admit to being a fan of the man's work. He was doing in England the kind of thing that Sibelius was doing in Finland, although on a less imposing (and probably less financially rewarding) scale. Bax was describing the English landscape, as the titles of the short works in this second volume of tone poems indicate: "Three Northern Ballads" (1931-34), full of wind and rocks and forests; "Nympholept" (1912), full of capering wood nymphs (despite what the title may suggest to you); "Red Autumn" (1912), less outright descriptive and more impressionistic than the others; "The Happy Forest" (1922), full of pastoral inspiration; and "Into the Twilight" (1908), after a poem of the same name by W.B. Yeats, full of Celtic atmosphere.
Vernon Handley is an old hand at this sort of music and performs it with ease. He and the BBC Philharmonic convey all of the works' character and feeling--the cool winds, stormy coasts, and enchanted woods coming through with honest affection. The Chandos sound could be a little stronger in the deep bass and perhaps a tad smoother in the treble, but there is a depth and breadth to the orchestral field that makes up for it. It's a lovely album.
Posted by John J. Puccio
Labels: Bax
Grundge October 7, 2009 at 11:25 AM
Vernon Handley sounds to me as a cool guy, i just love ur posts , they give me a graphical picture of yester years
Sibelius: Symphony No. 7, etc. (CD review)
Beethoven: Piano Concertos Nos. 1 and 3 (CD revie...
Mozart Meets Marriner: Serenades (CD review)
Handel: Fireworks Music, Water Music, Coronation ...
Sarasate: Music for Violin and Orchestra, Vol. 1 ...
Arnold: Ballet Music (CD review)
Mahler: Symphony No. 5 (CD review)
Cantate Domino (CD review)
Schubert: Symphonies No. 4 "Tragic" & No. 5 (SACD...
Franck: Symphony in D minor; Chausson: Symphony ...
Brahms: Symphony No. 1; Beethoven: Egmont Overtu...
40 Most Beautiful Love Themes (CD review)
Beethoven & Britten Violin Concertos (CD review)
Paganini: Violin Concerto No. 1; Spohr: Violin Co...
Debussy: La Mer; Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faun...
A German Bouquet (CD review)
Prokofiev: Lieutenant Kije Suite; Symphony No. 5 ...
Mozart: Violin Concertos 2 & 4; Sinfonia concerta...
Herold-Lanchbery: La Fille Mal Gardee (XRCD revie...
Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique; La mort de Cleopa...
Wendy Warner Plays Popper & Piatigorsky (CD review...
Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 3 "Eroica" (SACD r...
Strauss: Don Juan; Death and Transfiguration (CD ...


a neurotransmitter formed in pre- and postganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic nervous system (for example, acetylcholine).
Previous studies have shown that Scop not only interrupt the cholinergic neurotransmitter but also trigger the oxidative stress in the brains, which were both involved in the pathogeneses of AD (Lee et al.
Effects of PBDEs on the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in rodents were revealed primarily by hypoactive responses to neurotransmitter receptor agonists (Johansson et al.
McClenon views hypnosis as part of a general pattern of ASC, part of the brain's shift toward cholinergic neurotransmitter systems that produce dreamlike mentation.
There are parallel deficits in the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, responsible for cholinergic neurotransmitter formation, and in the transmitters norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of central and peripheral cholinergic neurotransmitter systems.
Wesnes, who presented new data that showed congnitive improvements persist up to 30 minutes after smoking, speculates that nicotine might stimulate the cholinergic neurotransmitter system.
Nicotine: a drug of choice?
Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of central end peripheral cholinergic neurotransmitter systems.
Cholinergic neurotransmitter systems are responsible for the secretion of pheromones (21).
In the colonic epithelial cell lines, cholinergic neurotransmitters interact with cAMP agonist vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to produce a synergistic activation of chloride secretion (6,7).


text: - Umbau der Struktur - Bundle aus Hauptapplikation ausgelagert um besser Updates verteilen zu können


Hi. Our company is slowly expanding it's 3D department (me). We are looking to find a Lightwave user in the NYC metro area to work on an occasional freelance basis. Not a full time position. You should have several years of 3D experience and feel comfortable working under broadcast deadlines. If you feel you meet the criteria and are interested, then check out our website, and send me an email.
IF is a FREELANCE position why is it important location of Artist?
It's due to the pace of the broadcast content we create and a need for more creative interaction than web or phone allows. The creative director and myself are usually designing and executing the jobs as the day progresses so we aren't in a position to meter out the work and then wait for it to come in or download it from an ftp. Occasionally, when the project is large enough we want another Lightwaver here to sit down and pick up some of the slack and offer their creative input. I'm not saying it couldn't work, but we want to see how much slicker we can start making out 3D elements look under pretty tight time constraints with a two man team in house. Hope this answers your question.
If you endup in needing remote freelancers let me know :). I was working on few Broadcast things and everyday working on my day job at private TV station so I might know what you need.


text:
Short Films Take Flight at the Portland International Airport
by Paula Bernstein
in Distribution, Filmmaking
airport theaters, Hollywood Theatre, PDX, Portland
Movie theaters in airports have become a bona fide trend, with the Portland International Airport the latest airport to jump onboard.
Passengers at many airports throughout Asia can already watch movies before their flights. But until recently, U.S. airports were slow to try the idea.
In 2014, the Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minnesota introduced a movie theater that shows art films with programming courtesy of The Film Society of Mpls–St. Paul. And last year, travelers at Miami International Airport were treated to silent film comedy classics as part of a Pop-Up Cinema program.
Most recently, the non-profit Hollywood Theatre in Portland announced it would open a new airport theater space, the Hollywood Theatre @PDX, in late summer 2016. They're now accepting short film submissions for the first cycle of programming.
The theater space was donated by The Port of Portland, which runs the airport, and grants from Travel Oregon and the Oregon Community Foundation provided the initial funding for the venture.
Like the theater at the Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, the theater at PDX will focus on work from regional filmmakers, particularly short films telling stories specific to Oregon and the Pacific Northwest.
They also plan to provide artist residency opportunities inviting collaboration between national and international media artists and local filmmakers, and host special events and visiting guests. For travelers, all shows will be free.
Programming at the Hollywood Theatre @PDX will rotate quarterly, and submissions will be accepted on a rolling basis online via Film Freeway. For the project's first programming cycle which spans late summer/early fall 2016, films must be submitted by April 30, 2016.
Watch: Rachel Gordon and James-Michael Boyer Explain Documentary Educational Distribution by Scott Macaulay in Distribution, Filmmaker Videos, Filmmaking
With Airline Sales, Watergate Film 18 1/2 Soars Into the Mile-High Club by Dan Mirvish in Distribution, Filmmaker Videos, Filmmaking
25 Picks for the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival By Scott Macaulay on Apr 16, 2014
Lena Dunham's Strong SXSW Keynote Indirectly Highlights Competition's Homogeny By Sarah Salovaara on Mar 10, 2014
"25 New Faces" Screening Next Wednesday at NYC's IFC Center By Nick Dawson on Sep 27, 2013
Immersive Storytelling for The Lost Children Pt. 2 By Mark Harris on Jan 2, 2013


Believing In Horses in Coastal Style Magazine!
This is just a quick shout out to say that Believing In Horses, a book by my friend and co-publisher Valerie Ormond, just got a great review in Coastal Style Magazine. As the review talks about, Believing In Horses is not only a great horse book, but it demonstrates what happens, and who people become, when they fight for something.