text:
The Victory of School Year 2020-2021
Posted by Our Brew
LEARNER holding printed modules, the mode most preferred.
The wise tell us that our only goal for the year is to survive it. Liling Briones was working hard to keep the body that is the educational system alive, a complex body of 989,971 teachers, superintendents, supervisors, heads of schools, regional and central office executives and staff, and 26.7 million learners.
The plan for the school year was not last year's plans put into motion. "Because of the pandemic, we had to retool everything. We reworked and rewrote, and reformulated, and redrew and redesigned modules for cellphones and for laptops, radio, television, and on paper – a total of 2.9 billion self-learning modules mostly hand-delivered to households all over the country", Sec. Briones explained, and in detail. "And we had only about 3 months to do it".
"Lahat kami—DepEd, parents, learners, iginapang namin itong school year na ito."
That Liling Briones is in charge of education during this difficult period is a blessing. Any other person would have taken the easy path and postponed schooling until the work was easy and normal, and needed no drastic changes in the curricula and in the modes of teaching.
Our Brew mentioned to Sec. Briones that the public does not know about the mammoth task involved. This series provides the reader a glimpse into what it took to make school year 2020-2021 a victory.
A Long Day's Journey into Light
With apologies to Eugene O'Neill
by Professor Emeritus Leonor Magtolis Briones
Writing about the challenges that faced the department during the pandemic, I realized that there are several untold episodes and stories. So kindly consider this as the first in a series.
Education is one of two issues closest to the heart of the Filipino, the other being health. The Department of Education has consistently garnered very high ratings in surveys for the past four years. At the same time, it is subjected by a few to vicious bashing ranging from name-calling, grumbling, cursing, and fake news. With national elections fast approaching, aspiring candidates will have platforms either praising or damning education.
One critic has stated "numbers don't lie," a variation on the popular adage "figures don't lie." While in Silliman University, the very first lesson which my Harvard-trained professor in statistics taught his students was, "figures don't lie, but liars figure. Never forget that!"
I have not forgotten.
The Philippines has undergone many crises for hundreds of years, whether they be political, economic, social, or health-related. We had bouts with cholera epidemics— in 1905 and 1961. In 1918, we had an outbreak of the Spanish Flu, while in 2003, we waged war against SARS. We had to contain the ravages of smallpox.
These health crises took place under volatile political, economic, and social conditions. So it is with our present battle with COVID-19. However, the latter is perhaps the most challenging health crisis the country is faced with. This is because the pandemic is global in scope, and populations are much larger and frequently travel in vast numbers. Above all, the COVID-19 virus had shown itself to be more vicious and resistant to known methods of treatment.
MEETING of select cabinet members with the President
Lockdown, lock up, or lockout?
On March 14, 2020, the government declared a lockdown or community quarantine. This decision was reached after spirited debates among members of the cabinet, local government officials, and offices identified as Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) members.
The IATF-EID was created in 2014 by the previous administration to cope with an outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the possible threat of other emerging diseases.
During the debates, which lasted 'til early morning of the next day, my position was that schools should not be closed; that the children were safest in schools where their teachers could monitor them and they were near available health facilities. Most importantly, studies have shown that children are more resistant to COVID-19 than adults but could serve as carriers in their own households.
After one year of studies and loud debates on a global scale, the latest research findings (April 29, 2021) tend to show that while face-to-face classes might increase the likelihood of risk to adults in the children's households, these risks can be reduced simply by complying with health protocols imposed by health authorities.
National health pandemic: organizational and administrative pandemic
With the declaration of a general lockdown, classes were closed just at the time when learners were preparing for their final examinations; and teachers were rushing correction of test papers, computing grades, and planning for graduation. Parents were asking, when is graduation?
When the lockdown was declared, there were more than 9,000 learners, teachers, and staff from all regions were trapped in Northern Luzon. They were there for two national DepEd events: the National Schools Press Conference in Tuguegarao and the National Festival of Talents in Isabela.
Bringing our people home by air, boat, and ground transportation was a complex operation, with the help of local government officials who provided food and supplies, our various regional offices which hosted them, the military who lent their transport facilities and of course, anxious parents and relatives who wanted their children home.
LEFT: The Philippine Air Force C130 fetches students and teacher delegates stranded in Mindanao due to cancellation of airline flights. RIGHT: Bohol delegation aboard the new Highly Tactical Ship of the PNP Maritime Command to bring them home.
Local health officials monitored the travelers carefully with regular check-ups and medications.
The arduous travel of the DepEd multitude from the northernmost point of the country to its southernmost tip exacted its toll on a few children who caught chickenpox and had to be isolated. Some travelers had to move back and forth from one province to another due to differences in entry and exit regulations. When a group of students finally reached home, they were not allowed to enter their home province because they passed by "infected" provinces during their long exodus.
STUDENTS AND TEACHERS stranded in Isabela and Tuguegarao due to the COVID-19 lockdown and travel ban board a C-130.
The story of that successful "exodus" needs to be told separately.
In the meantime, I attended IATF and cabinet meetings, held press conferences, and fulfilled speaking engagements to inform the public of what was happening in the Department.
Management Committee Meeting via Teleconference
The Executive Committee and I, plus the Management Committee, met practically on a daily basis to oversee organizational and administrative arrangements.
We have three simultaneous deliverables—first, continue regular operations—signing papers, paying our people, maintaining our facilities and keeping track of developments all over the country; second, review, assess and document attainment of the ten-point program formulated at the start of the my stewardship; and finally, deal with all administrative nightmares triggered by COVID-19.
We had to juggle all three deliverables even as we had to deal with grumbling, cursing, and name-calling aimed directly at me. We had to work also with a skeleton staff. The only way to achieve all of the above was to work twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. My direct services staff of 15 people had to stay in a facility, cook their food, eat, sleep, do their laundry even as they gathered data, sent communications, and conducted research.
THE DIRECT SUPPORT STAFF work with the Secretary twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
CORE STAFF had to live in a facility, cook their own food, eat, sleep, do their laundry even as they gathered data, sent communications, and conducted research.
Eventually, we introduced the bubble system.
Staff could alternately go home every two weeks, but before they could return to our bubble office, they had to undergo swabs and careful monitoring by a trained health professional.
I was there all the time.
My staff is composed of young people who are used to going home every day to the loving arms of their families. Several of them are twenty-something years in age. Honor students from the state university and a private university. Truly, the resiliency of the young is amazing! Their capacity for laughter is very infectious. Most importantly, there is that willingness to suffer, to serve, and engage in exciting but demanding tasks away from their families and their worried mothers.
To soothe our souls, we watch concerts, listen to classical music, sigh over great ballets. Hehe, now they can recognize the difference between Rachmaninoff, Tchaikovsky, and Khachaturian. They know who Roberto Bolle, Thiago Soares, Vadim Muntagirov, Svetlana Zakharova, and Marianela Nuñez are.
And yes, they know Filipino pop music! Right now, we are enthused with the theme song of the 2021 National Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines, "Bagani."
Working at the breakneck speed is not all joy and intellectual refreshment. Before the Bubble, several of my direct staff fell ill—one had an emergency appendectomy, and seven tested positive for COVID-19. And when I myself tested positive, 30 staff members who had frequent contact with me had to be isolated. I was separated from my husband and son.
AFTER BEING TESTED POSITIVE for Covid-19, she continued to be on the top of the department's day-to-day operations.
The story of the trials we underwent to come out with our BE-LCP program which resulted in more than 800,000 learning modules deserves a separate story.
The Philippines is on a journey; unlike O'Neill's dark tragedy, it's a journey towards the light.
We continue our work. Our battle cry remains the same. It is the same challenge I presented to the U.N. General Assembly: "education must continue! The poor cannot wait!"
The Secretary of Education lackadaisical? C'mon!
Leonor Magtolis Briones served as Vice-President for Administration and Finance of the University of the Philippines System. Before she was made Secretary of the Department of Education in 2016, she was Chair of the Silliman University Board of Trustees, and Regent and Chair-Designate of the Universidad de Manila. She also served as Secretary to the Commission on Audit and served as treasurer of the Philippines.
As a Professor Emeritus of the University of the Philippines-National College of Public Administration and Governance (UP-NCPAG), she has a wealth of experience in the administration of academic institutions and administering public institutions. She is also an articulate advocate on economic and social development issues.
Currently, she is the president of the Manila Concert Choir.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


BizKidz provides Before and After School Care and Holiday Programmes of the highest standard out of Ohaupo, Rukuhia and Paterangi School halls and playgrounds.
A nutritious breakfast is provided each morning and afternoon tea each afternoon. We offer a wide range of indoor and outdoor activities catering for the range of ages and interests of all children in attendance, providing play, educational, social and recreational activities of a stimulating, fun and safe nature.
We have a great team of childcare staff, some who have been in the industry for many years and other keen newbies who are just starting out, all with a genuine care for children and desire to provide the best possible programme for them and their parents. We have comprehensive policy and procedure documents which all parents and caregivers are able to view at any time, to ensure the safety of the children and efficient running of the programmes.
We look forward to hearing from you and welcoming you and your child to our programme.
Let your friend know about Bizkidz Before & After School Care by email!
I agree with the Terms & Conditions for Bizkidz Before & After School Care.
Schools Out provides before and after school care for the children of Ohaupo School and surrounding schools.
We provide breakfast at Before School Care and afternoon tea at all After School Care sessions.
We provide a range of activities each day, suitable for primary school aged children.
We accept permanent and casual enrolments through Enrolmy. If you have queries, please contact Nicola on 021 795 105. Please let us know as soon as possible if you would like us to collect your child for after school care. If your child comes on a permanent basis, unless we are notified otherwise we will always collect your child. If your child isn't at the tennis courts after school, we will do everything possible to locate them. If we are unsuccessful in locating your child and cannot make contact with any of the parents/guardians or emergency contacts, under our policies and procedures we must contact the police to ensure your child's safety so please let us know if any arrangements change. Absences will be charged at full rate.
If your child is unable to attend, please cancel your booking as soon as possible or let us know by calling or texting Nicola on 021 795 105.
Absences arranged 1 week prior will not incur any charges.
Public holidays will not be charged for when these fall on a regular Before or After School Care day.
When dropping your child off at before school care or collecting them from after school care, please use the tablet provided to sign them in.
If a person whose name is not on your enrolment form, arrives to collect your child, we are obliged to keep your child in care until you have been located for consent. We will then request to see the ID of the person collecting them. If there is someone that must not come in contact with your child, please state this in the indicated space on your enrolment form.
If your child leaves the centre by bus, walking or cycling home, you are required to fill in a permission slip to enable us to sign your child out on your behalf. Once they are signed out at the arranged time, we no longer take responsibility for your child.
Invoices will be automatically emailed to you the week following care and are payable within 7 days. Payment can be made by direct credit to our bank account. Please use your child's name and invoice number as reference – M C Jones Holdings Ltd, T/A School's Out. 06 0541 0567130 00. Late payments incur a late fee of $5 per week which will be enforced until the account is settled.
Schools Out is OSCAR approved. If you think you might qualify for a subsidy, check out www.workingforfamilies.govt.nz. If you do qualify, a WINZ form is available either online or from your nearest Work and Income branch.
We always have a staff member available who has a first aid certificate. You will be notified of any accidents that occur. In the case of a serious accident involving your child, the supervisor will contact you and arrange for your child to be taken to the nearest medical facility. In a civil emergency our team will remain at the centre until all children are collected.
Schools Out adheres to the CYFS recommendations and procedures and we have our own Policy and Procedure Manual. Please ask if you would like to review our manual.
The programme has a detailed child protection policy, which includes the reporting of any suspected child abuse to the Department of Child, Youth and Family Services.
Hats must be worn during terms one and four when playing outside. Please send a named hat with your child. Sunscreen will be applied, with permission, (as indicated on the enrolment form) to all children when playing outside.
If you have any queries or concerns, our team members would be happy to assist.


There has been a lot of talk about the benefits that green tea has to offer. Can it really speed up your metabolism? Can green tea help you loose fat? Is green tea actually good for you?
Green tea has become very popular lately and not just because it can quench the thirst, but because of the number of benefits it has to offer for your health.
As we use oxygen to survive, our bodies create chemicals or by-products known as free radicals. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an unpaired number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. The danger comes from the damage they can do when reacting with cellular components like our DNA and cell membranes. This can cause cell mutation or even death of the cell.
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals, more commonly known as catechin polyphenols. These antioxidant chemicals work in our favor by preventing and repairing the damage done by free radicals. One of the main derivatives of green tea is called EGCG (epigallocatehcin-3-gallate). This EGCG has been proven to control and stop cells that are multiplying and out of control (cancers).
EGCG is also known for cartilage protection and reduction of the swelling and pain in your joints. Other ingredients in green tea can help you lower blood pressure, boost your immune system, fight the cause of allergies, defend your body against infections, prevent tooth decay, and even reduce acne.
But maybe the most important characteristic of the green tea for the fitness society is that it can speed up metabolism and help you lose weight and body fat. This can happen trough few different mechanisms. One of them is to control the quantity of carbohydrates that enter the cell, which helps control the blood sugar after a meal, suppresses appetite and reduces fat storage. Some studies suggest that combining caffeine and green tea will further increase the effect of speeding up the metabolism and fat loss.
So don't hesitate to drink at least a couple of cups of green tea a day, because it really is good for you.


For the fifth time in franchise history, the Milwaukee Brewers are playing October baseball.
After winning five of their last six, including a sweep over the division rival St. Louis Cardinals, the Brewers are back in the postseason for the first time since 2011, when they beat the Diamondbacks in the NLDS.
Picked by many to finish third in the NL Central at the start of the season, the Brewers defied odds and reached 90 wins for the eighth time in franchise history. This organization has shown its fans that they are in win-now mode—acquiring Mike Moustakas, Lorenzo Cain, Christian Yelich, and Jhoulys Chacin have proved pivotal to the success of this team—especially Yelich, who appears to be on his way to the NL MVP.
But the fun doesn't stop at the clinching of a playoff berth. The Brewers sit a half game behind the Cubs for the NL Central and homefield advantage in the NLDS as opposed to a winner-take-all wild card game is massive. The Brewers take on the Tigers at Miller Park to end the season, and the Cubs go toe-to-toe with the wild card-hungry Cardinals.
If the Crew remains in the wild card slot, they would square off against either the Cardinals, Rockies, or Dodgers on Tuesday, October 2nd. If they take the Central, they await the winner of the Wildcard game on Thursday, October 4th.
No matter when they play, though, the Brewers are playoff-bound!


The Harris County Hospital District's unreimbursed costs of caring for illegal immigrants approached $100 million last year, a 77 percent increase in three ... Read on.
Why dont all those liberal civil rights wackos who are whinning about the MINUTEMAN PROJECT go and take all those illegal aleins into their homes instead of blabbering all the time?
It is only a facade. They do it only so they can rest comfortably at night, knowing they "are doing all they can to help all the poor people."


Comprehensive list of Atlanta, Georgia based veterinary clinics and animal hospitals offering advanced medical diagnostics or pet treatment. Find a veterinarian for your dog, cat or other pet.
Our staff is dedicated to bringing you and your pets better health by excelling in the practice and science of Veterinary Medicine. Founded in 1974, Pharr Road is a complete-service Animal Hospital. Our goal is to supply the highest level of quality and compassion in veterinary care at all times.
We understand that your pet is an integral part of your family. We know that you want them to have the finest in veterinary care. Georgia Veterinary Specialists is a multi-specialty referral practice and 24hr emergency facility dedicated to delivering the best quality veterinary care for your pets.
Compassionate Care Veterinary Service supplies housecall services for your cats and dogs in the metro Atlanta and the surrounding area. Dr. Karen Jordan and her team are able to supply complete medical care for your pets in the privacy and comfort of your own home. Our experience shows that animals heal faster in the comfort of their own homes.
Wieuca Animal Clinic provides the best quality and the most affordable care in the Atlanta area. We value the family-pet bond that our customers share with their four-legged friends and that's why we know that your trust in us creates a special responsibility. We understand the special role your pet plays in your family and are committed to becoming your partner in your pet's health care.
Dr. Rebecca Kestle, a professional on maintaining a healthy pet with supportive preventative care and nice nutrition, is constantly updating her understanding and knowledge of tiny animal illness and treatment. Additionally, she has established an expertise in breeding, whelping and neonatal puppy care.
At Dunwoody Animal Hospital, our goal is to supply optimal care and customer service for our patients and customers in a compassionate environment. We love your animals as we do our very own, so we like to make sure that their lives are filled with optimal health and well-being.
Our goal is to supply compassionate, best quality veterinary care at a fair value. One of our greatest strengths is our superb customer communication. Our staff approach to veterinary medicine enhances our patient care.
Are you realizing your full revenue potential each year? Last year's vaccination protocol segment on the Today Show generated a wealth of questions. You make the protocol decision and let Vet Metrics aid you avoid the pitfalls and optimize your results. The economy is on everyone's mind with rising gas prices, higher unemployment figures, and lower consumer confidence.
Well behaved, calm Minature Poodle 10 years old - needs cataract surgery.


I'm pleased to announce version 0.1 of a RESTful HTTP API for Bugzilla, specifically for bugzilla.mozilla.org. Here is the documentation.
So if you've always wanted to include b.m.o. data in your mashup, now's your chance :-) Do let me know how you get on.
Note that a few API features require Bugzilla 3.4, which I hope b.m.o. will be upgraded to Real Soon Now.
Thanks gerv! This looks awesome, I can't wait to play with it.
Awesome! This makes an add-on I am planning to write for Thunderbird so much easier to do!
Should probably let the Ubuntu Launchpad guys know about this. They're trying to do upstreamdownstream bugtracker integration.


text:
Óðr
Title: Óðr
Subject: Freyja, Vili and Vé, Æsir, List of Germanic deities, Gersemi
Collection: Æsir, Wōden
Óðr again leaves the grieving Freyja in Odur verläßt abermals die trauernde Gattin (1882), Carl Emil Doepler 'The Elder'.
In Norse mythology, Óðr (Old Norse for the "Divine Madness, frantic, furious, vehement, eager", as a noun "mind, feeling" and also "song, poetry"; Orchard (1997) gives "the frenzied one"[1]) or Óð, sometimes angliziced as Odr or Od, is a figure associated with the major goddess Freyja. The Prose Edda and Heimskringla, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, both describe Óðr as Freyja's husband and father of her daughter Hnoss. Heimskringla adds that the couple produced another daughter, Gersemi. A number of theories have been proposed about Óðr, generally that he is somehow a hypostasis of the deity Odin due to their similarities.
Attestations 2
Poetic Edda 2.1
Prose Edda 2.2
Heimskringla 2.3
Theories 3
The Old Norse noun óðr may be the origin of the theonym Óðinn (Anglicized as Odin), and it means "mind", "soul" or "spirit" (so used in stanza 18.1 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá). In addition, óðr can also mean "song", "poetry" and "inspiration", and it has connotations of "possession". It is derived from a Proto-Germanic *wōð- or *wōþ- and it is related to Gothic wôds ("raging", "possessed"), Old High German wuot ("fury" "rage, to be insane") and the Anglo-Saxon words wód ("fury", "rabies") and wóð ("song", "cry", "voice", "poetry", "eloquence"). Old Norse derivations include œði "strong excitation, possession".[2]
Ultimately these Germanic words are derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wāt-, which meant "to blow (on), to fan (flames)", fig. "to inspire". The same root also appears in Latin vātēs ("seer", "singer"), which is considered to be a Celtic loanword, compare to Irish fāith ("poet", but originally "excited", "inspired").[2] The root has also been said to appear in Sanskrit vāt- "to fan".[3]
Óðr is attested in the following sources:
Poetic Edda
Óðr is mentioned in stanza 25 of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá. The name appears in a kenning for the major goddess Freyja; "Óð's girl" (Old Norse Óðs mey gefna), pointing to a relation with the goddess.[4]
Stanza 47 of the poem Hyndluljóð contains mention of a figure by the name of Œdi. There, Hyndla taunts Freyja, stating that Freyja had run to Œdi, "always full of desire". Scholar Carolyne Larrington says that the identity of Œdi is uncertain; it has been theorized that this may simply be Óðr, or that the figure may be another lover of Freyja's.[5] Scholar John Lindow describes this reference as "puzzling" as no other information is provided regarding the situation referred to by Hyndla.[6] Scholar Britt-Mari Näsström says that this reference likely does not refer to Óðr, rather being the product of the amendments of Sophus Bugge, and that the line simply points to Freyja's lust. Näsström comments that "perhaps the philologists of the nineteenth century were misled by their romantic intentions".[7]
Prose Edda
In chapter 35 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning, the enthroned figure of High says that the goddess Freyja "was married to someone named" Óðr. High details that the two produced a daughter, Hnoss, and that this daughter was so fair that the term hnossir (meaning "treasures") derives from her name and is applied to whatever is "beautiful and precious." High adds that Óðr would go off traveling for extended periods, all the while Freyja would stay behind weeping tears of red gold. However, Freyja would travel "among strange peoples" while looking for Óðr, and so had many names.[8] In chapter 36 of Gylfaginning, the stanza of Völuspá mentioning Óðr is quoted.[9]
In chapter 20 of the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál, poetic names for the goddess Freyja are listed, including "wife of Óðr".[10] In chapter 36, a prose narrative points out than an excerpt of a work by the skald Einarr Skúlason refers to Freyja as the wife of Óðr ("Óðr's bedfellow").[11] The same excerpt appears in chapter 49.[12] In chapter 75, Óðr is mentioned a final time in the Prose Edda, where Freyja is cited as having "wept gold" for Óðr.[13]
In chapter 1 of the Heimskringla book Ynglinga saga, Snorri Sturluson refers to the two in an euhemerized account, stating that Freyja had a husband named Óðr, two daughters named Hnoss and Gersemi, and that they were so beautiful that their names were used for "our most precious possessions" (both of their names literally mean "jewel").[14]
The name Óðr for Freyja's husband appears prominently in Völuspá 25, where it is said that "Óðs mey" was given to the giants. Nothing else is stated of him by this name in the Eddic poems. In Gylfaginning, Snorri briefly states that Ódr traveled to many nations and that Freyja searched for him in earnest, weeping as she went. Óðr is often theorized as somehow connected to Odin (Old Norse: Óðinn), the head of the Óðr Æsir in Norse mythology, by way of etymological similarities between the two names (Lindow states that the linguistic relationship is identical to that of Ullr and Ullin—often considered as variant names of a single god), and the fact that both are described as going on long journeys, though Lindow points out that Snorri is careful to keep them apart.[6] All theories regarding him must remain speculative, due to the limited accounts contained in the sources.
Scholar Viktor Rydberg proposed that Freyja's husband Oðr is identical with the hero Svipdag from the eddic poems Grougaldr and Fjölsvinsmál. Jacob Grimm and others have long identified Menglad ("the neck-lace lover") Svipdag's love interest in that poem, with Freyja the owner of Brisingsa-men.[15]
Scholar Hilda Ellis Davidson proposes that a cult of the Vanir may have influenced a cult of the Æsir in the waning days of Norse paganism during the Christianization of Scandinavia, potentially resulting in the figure of Óðr in Norse mythology, which she refers to as a "strange double of Odin".[16]
Scholar Rudolf Simek says that since Óðr appears in a kenning employed by the 11th century skald Einarr Skúlason (in Skáldskaparmál) and in the Poetic Edda poems Völuspá and Hyndluljóð, Óðr is not a late invention. Simek says that "the most obvious explanation is to identify Óðr with Odin," noting the similarity between their names (and agreeing with the Ullr/Ullin parallel), the long absences (comparing them to Odin's exile in Gesta Danorum), and Óðr's marriage with Freyja.[17]
Simek adds that although these similarities exist, there are things that speak against it, such as that "Freyja's tears for Odin and her search are unmotivated," and that "the reference to Hnoss as their only child is surprising - why, for example, should Baldr not be mentioned?" Simek notes that these issues have resulted in sometimes very different explanations; Sophus Bugge and Hjalmar Falk saw a reflection of the Greek god Adonis in Óðr, Rudolf Much saw a reflection in the god Attis, and Lee Hollander theorizes a reflection of the folktale of Amor and Psyche in Snorri's Prose Edda account of Óðr and Freyja.[17]
Simek concurs that, if the two gods were identical, Snorri would not have kept them so apart; yet that the names Odin and Óðr are so close that a lack of connection between the two gods isn't possible. Some scholars have examined the relationship between the two in an attempt to find "older" and "younger" layers in the figures of Óðr and Odin, but Simek says that this approach has yet to yield any results that are convincing due to the sparsity of sources that mention Óðr.[17]
Scholar Stephan Grundy comments that while it is conceivable that Óðr may have been invented as a separate figure from Odin after Christianization, the notion is implausible because a separate, independent figure by the name of Wod survives in folklore involving the Wild Hunt in areas as far south from Scandinavia as Switzerland. Grundy notes that Óðr appears to date to at least before the Viking Age. Grundy opines that "as pointed out by Jan de Vries and others, there is little doubt" that Óðr and Odin were once the same figure. Grundy says that Óðinn is an adjectival form of Óðr, and that Óðr may be the elder form of the two.[18]
Grundy theorizes that the goddesses Frigg and Freyja did not stem from a single goddess. If they did not, Grundy says, the question of explaining the relationship between Freyja and Óðr becomes central, which has been one of the strongest points made in favor of the descent of Frigg and Freyja from a common goddess. Grundy notes that it is rarely mentioned that the Germanic peoples sometimes practiced polygamy, and cites chapter 18 of Tacitus' 1st century AD work Germania, where Tacitus records that while monogamy has very few exceptions in Germanic society, there are those who actively seek a polygamous marriage "for the sake of high birth." Grundy contrasts this with accounts of polygynous marriages among the Merovingians and Carolingians, points out that the only Germanic law-code that expressly forbids such relationships is that of the Visigoths, and notes that while polygynous marriages are rarely attested in Scandinavian sources, Harald I of Norway was married to seven wives simultaneously. Grundy concludes that, as "gods tend to reflect the social norms of their worshippers," it very possible that Odin/Óðr originally "could have rejoiced in Frigg and Freyja simultaneously". Grundy posits that, over time polygynous marriages dwindled during the Viking Age and into the Christianization of the North Germanic territories and, as a result, such a relationship was less easily reflected in the deities of the people.[19]
^ Orchard (1997:121).
^ a b Jacob Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch (1961), s.v. "Wut", "Wutesheer". Julius Pokorny, IEW (1959), s.v. "wat".
^ With the api-, the verb takes the meaning of "to excite, awaken", in RV 1.128.2 said of Agni, the sacrificial fire, where the literal meaning of "to fan" coincides with the figurative meaning "to excite". See Monier-Williams (1899), s.v. "vāt", "apivat".
^ Larrington (1996:7).
^ Larrington (1999:297).
^ a b Lindow (2001:246—247).
^ Näsström (1998:69).
^ Faulkes (1995:29—30).
^ Faulkes (1995:36).
^ Faulkes (1995:119).
^ Hollander (1964:14).
^ Rydberg, Undersökningar i Germanisk Mytologi, v. 1, 1886.
^ Davidson (1965:154).
^ a b c Simek (2007:250).
^ Grundy (1998:56 and 58-59).
^ Grundy (1998:66).
Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda.
Grundy, Stephan (1998). "Freyja and Frigg". In Billington, Sandra; Green, Miranda. The Concept of the Goddess. Routledge.
Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). The Poetic Edda.
Näsström, Britt-Mari (1998). "Freyja: a Goddess with Many Names". In Billington, Sandra; Green, Miranda. The Concept of the Goddess. Routledge.
Baldr
Dellingr
Höðr
Hœnir
Ítreksjóð
Kvasir
Lóðurr
Ullr
Víðarr
Vili and Vé
Ásynjur
Gerðr
Gefjon
Gná
Ilmr
Jörð
Lofn
Njörun
Rindr
Sága
Sjöfn
Skaði
Snotra
Þrúðr
Vár
Vör
Freyr
Njörðr
Sister-wife of Njörðr
Ask and Embla
Búri
Dís
Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
Light elves (Ljósálfar)
Black elves (Svartálfar)
Irpa
Jörmungandr
Jötunn
Níðhöggr
Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
Vættir
Völundr
Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
Álfheimr
Fólkvangr
Ginnungagap
Jötunheimr
Muspelheim
Niðavellir
Vanaheimr
Vígríðr
Mímisbrunnr
Hvergelmir
Urðarbrunnr
Æsir–Vanir War
Fimbulvetr
Tyrfing Cycle
Völsung Cycle
Old Norse language
Later influence
Blót
Germanic calendar
Hörgr
Mead hall
Nīþ
Norse pagan worship
Seiðr
Völva
Norse gods
Mythological Norse people, items and places
Germanic paganism
Neopaganism in Scandinavia
Wōden
Old Norse
Norwegian language, Ö, Icelandic language, Danish language, Swedish language
Elf, Thor, Odin, Rán, Loki
Odin, Thor, Norse mythology, Vanir, Loki
Thor, List of names of Freyja, Óðr, Elf, Odin
Óðr, Norse mythology, Búri, Æsir, Odin
List of Germanic deities
Odin, Thor, Beowulf, Elf, Angles
Gersemi
Norse mythology, Elf, Old Norse, Óðr, Æsir


Due to the MDOT bridge project on M-66 between M-66/M-86 and Spring Creek Road which began on April 15, the designated detour will be M-86 to Farrand Road to Colon Road. The intersection of Colon Road and Farrand Road has been converted to a four-way stop until further notice.
St. Joseph County has approximately 521 square miles with a population of 62,000 people. Within St. Joseph County public road system there are 828 miles of paved roads and 195 miles that are graveled. The St. Joseph County Road Commission has the responsibility for the construction and maintenance of all 1023 miles of these public roads and the 97 bridges located within the road system. The county is approximately 24 miles wide by 22 miles deep with the headqarters situated in the middle of the county in Centreville. At the direction of the townships, the Road Commission also constructs and improves county local roads.
Major trunk lines, maintained by MDOT, include: US-12, M-60, M-66, M-86, M-103, M-216 and US-131.
The work of the St. Joseph County Road Commission includes not only snow removal and road repair, but also the upgrading and building of new and existing roads to current standards.
New Years Day, Presidents Day, Thursday before Good Friday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, Friday after Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve Day, and Christmas Day.
If a holiday falls on Sunday then Monday shall be considered the Holiday and if the holiday falls on Saturday then Friday shall be considered the Holiday. In the case of Christmas Eve Day, the holiday shall be designated to be the preceding workday before the Christmas Day Holiday.
Please use the form below to submit any service request.


text:
Pedestrian Dies After Being Hit on Interstate in Meridian
Andrew Weeks Published: December 17, 2018
Alex Schmidt, ThinkStock
MERIDIAN, Idaho (KLIX) – A 44-year-old Boise resident died after being hit while on foot on the interstate Friday night in Meridian.
Idaho State Police said the person, later identified as Michele J. Stevenson, was walking from the median to the right shoulder around 10 p.m. on Interstate 84 when struck by a Kia Optima, driven by 25-year-old Tawny Taylor.
Stevenson was taken by ground ambulance to Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center in Boise, where she succumbed to injuries.
The westbound lanes of I-84 were blocked for about 90 minutes while crews worked to clear the scene.
Filed Under: boise, idaho, interstate 84, meridian
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Entrematic LAN60, the practical token-operated control device, is a coded-print token-operated system: by inserting a token in the appropriate slot the system checks the code, the size and the weight. When a token is recognised, it is channelled along a path closing an electrical contact and activating an external electrical circuit. The token is collected in a container that is only accessible with a coded key. Unrecognised tokens are automatically rejected and returned.
The mechanism is also equipped with an anti-tampering device.
This device is suited for simple access/exit control.
This is the ideal control system for automatic barriers of parking lots, hotels and commercial buildings.


text:
Southwest Airlines to Announce New Nonstop Destinations from Silicon Valley's Airport
San José Mayor Sam Liccardo and Southwest Airlines' Vice President and Controller Leah Koontz will join SJC Interim Director of Aviation John Aitken to share details of new nonstop routes for Mineta San José International Airport (SJC).
Southwest, which serves the largest number of passengers at SJC, currently offers up to 76 departures daily to 16 U.S. cities from San José. The carrier has served SJC since 1993 and has plans for future growth to serve Silicon Valley travelers.
About Southwest Airlines Co. In its 47th year of service, Dallas-based Southwest Airlines (NYSE: LUV) continues to differentiate itself from other air carriers with exemplary Customer Service delivered by more than 55,000 Employees to more than 100 million Customers annually. Southwest proudly operates a network of 101 destinations in the United States and nine additional countries with more than 4,000 departures a day during peak travel season. Service to Turks and Caicos is expected to begin Nov. 5, 2017, subject to requisite government approvals. Book Southwest Airlines' low fares online at Southwest.com or by phone at 800-I-FLY-SWA.
SJC: Transforming How Silicon Valley Travels Mineta San José International Airport (SJC) is Silicon Valley's airport, a self-supporting enterprise owned and operated by the City of San José. The airport serves more than 11.5 million passengers annually, with 180+ peak daily departures. SJC offers 16 international and domestic carriers to 42 nonstop destinations and was America's fastest-growing major airport in 2016, based on percentage increase in passenger seat capacity. For more airport information, visit flysanjose.com.
Part II: The Robots Are Coming!
Hello Everyone,This article is Part II of my series covering Artificial Intelligence (AI..
A Conversation with Founder & CEO Mathan ..
Q: First and foremost, tell us a little about Techmetics? MM: Techmetics is a service ro..
Tracy Tran
Jackie Speier
Cecil Williams
Burke Williams
Tyler Mariucci
Arouba
Dr Frumi Rachel Barr


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text:
Radio Free Nintendo
Episode 491: Apocalypse Direct
by James Jones, Greg Leahy, Jon Lindemann, and Guillaume Veillette - September 1, 2016, 9:55 pm PDT
The Four Horsemen themselves dissect the latest 3DS Nintendo Direct.
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Conquest, Famine, Pestilence, Death. Lindemann, Veillette, Jones, Leahy. These and more parallels are drawn in this week's episode, in which the RFN riders are harbingers of doom tasked with the delivery of their thoughts on today's 3DS-focused Nintendo Direct. We keep it short and sweet, discussing Super Mario Maker for 3DS, Poochy and Yoshi's Woolly World, Pikmin, and everything else announced. We also take an intriguing look at what was shown in the Japanese version of the event, which fans of horse racing and baseball will surely find to be a...revelation.
In between death knells we find the time to announce the games for our next RetroActive, which are:
Bully: Scholarship Edition (Wii)
The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (NGC)
Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars (NDS)
Scarface: The World is Yours (Wii)
Lego City Undercover (Wii U)
Vote now! Polling closes Sept 15, at 9 PM Eastern. We won't try to sway you in any direction, but remember this RFN motto: First you get the money, then you get the eBay account, then you get the ZX Spectrum.
As always, if you have questions or comments, you can send them to our mailbag.
This episode was edited by James "Bad Choice" Jones. The "Men of Leisure" theme song was produced exclusively for Radio Free Nintendo by Perry Burkum. Hear more at Bluffs Custom Music's SoundCloud. The new Radio Free Nintendo logo was produced by Connor Strickland. See more of his work at his website.
This episode's ending music is Plasm Wraith from Pikmin 3. All rights reserved by Nintendo Co., Ltd.
TOPHATANT123September 01, 2016
Nice and early this week.
Sidescroller64September 01, 2016
I unironically and legitimately wish True Crime: Streets of LA was a candidate for RetroActive. I really did like that game back on the day, cut GameCube content and dreamy dragons and all.
Fatty The HuttSeptember 02, 2016
I tried, I really did try really hard to play Scarface. It just has too many issues to be fun.
I would like to give Bully another try. Im a vote for that one.
EnnerSeptember 02, 2016
That hot Direct fire!
ejamerSeptember 02, 2016
The show was a good listen.
Gui is dead on about gaming being overpriced in Canada right now - our weak dollar has been aggressively compensated for in exchange rates, and less supply means we don't get nearly as many deals as you find in the US either. (Oh how I miss the days of Canadian Target - the last retailer that actually tried to sell games using price cuts.) The final kicker is many eBay sellers are now charging $15 USD or more for cross-border shipping, although I have no idea how that's justified since you can ship a game for under $5.
Ok, it's not that dire. This week Best Buy has Hyrule Warriors 3DS on sale for $30... so there are good prices to be found.
Question about retroactive:
Why not the Wii version of Scarface, which (from all accounts I've read) is essentially the same game but better? If it wins, that's how I'll be playing.
LemonadeSeptember 02, 2016
It wasnt discussed on the show, so I think it must have not been in the American Direct. The European Direct had this great trailer for the NES mini
https://youtu.be/7UW18Nnzwoo
CrimmJames Jones, Associate EditorSeptember 02, 2016
Oh hell! Thanks for the catch. It is the Wii version we're going to play. This is what happens when you record, edit, and publish in one night.
Quote from: Crimm
Thinking further, I'm not even sure if there was a GameCube version of that game... :)
azekeSeptember 03, 2016
It's too late, but i think 2 Batman games on Wii u shoud have been there.
purevalSeptember 03, 2016
Wow. For once I actually own 5 of the 6 games. Maybe I can actually take part in my first Retroactive. One of my suggestions made the voting too, even though it is losing. Watch the one game I don't own will win.
ClexYoshiSeptember 05, 2016
so, uh... I hate Retro City Rampage? and that makes me actually want to talk about how much I dislike it.
I got Retro City Rampage on the 3DS with that recent humble bundle. I played it for a while, but didnt like it very much.
Being honest, there's not much risk of it winning.
NeoStar9XSeptember 06, 2016
I hope Lego City wins. I love that game and I don't think I ever heard anyone on the podcast talked about it in any detail. It's honestly one of my top 10 Wii U games quite easily and very high on my game of of the generation list if I were to make one. It hits all the right notes at the right amounts.
Yes, I would say Lego City on the Wii U is easily the best Lego game. I want it to win too.
Quote from: NeoStar9X
I believe Gui did, and even put it in his... 20...13? game of the year list? I could be talking out my ass here, but I believe that was the case.
Jonnyboy117Jonathan Metts, Associate EditorSeptember 06, 2016
It's probably best to avoid the Batman games on Wii U, since Lindy is in the credits for at least one of them. (He worked at WB Games at the time and of course never discussed their products on RFN.)
Quote from: ClexYoshi
I could be talking out my ass here, but I believe that was the case.
It was talked about on the show, just not for every long.
lolmonadeJoel A. DeWitte, Contributing WriterSeptember 07, 2016
Conversely, the reason why I DON'T want Lego City: Undercover is because to me, the retroactives are the best opportunity to spur discussion about games that have had enough time passed to where it's a good revisit (I can remember Gui talking about the game on RFN too, ClexYoshi), an "underrated gem", or a game that's flawed enough to provide good fodder for a critical look.
I mean, I'm sure there'll be something worthwhile to discuss about the game, and it's at least readily available for cheap, but I would have been more interested to discuss with others Hulk: Ultimate Destruction or GTA: Chinatown Wars, which seem like games that not many here have already played and likely have some flaws that would give the game and discussion of more character. Even Bully would have been good opportunity to play through and compare/contrast a Rockstar Game that at face value appeared to be "GTA School".
wait, Lemonade and lolmonade are not the same person? :Q :Q :Q
Quote from: Fatty_The_Hutt
No, Lemonade is an imposter, I'm OG.
Quote from: lolmonade
... but I would have been more interested to discuss with others Hulk: Ultimate Destruction ...
As someone who is a huge fan of the game, I don't want Ultimate Destruction to win the poll. Everyone should play it if given the chance because the controls are solid and it "just feels right" for a superhero game that empowers you with (mostly) smooth movement and incredible strength... but I really don't feel like there is a lot of good discussion to come out of that game.
The combo system is pretty deep, so maybe you could do a deep dive on playing strategy - but that's not really podcast fodder. Maybe you'd compare it to other superhero games, or try to dissect the movement controls and verticality that make it feel so good when playing?
It really is a great game, just not one I have a lot to say about.
Quote from: ejamer
Good to know. I've been on the hunt for a cheap Gamecube, i'll make sure and pick it up then with it when I stumble upon one. Thanks!
OedoSeptember 07, 2016
Telethon hype! Last year was my first year listening and it was a lot of fun. Looking forward to it again this year.
I agree with Greg on what we can take away from this Direct as it relates to the NX and 3DS. They announced enough new stuff that it's clear that the 3DS will continue to have some level of support from Nintendo in 2017, but it's also clear that Nintendo is devoting most of its internal resources to the NX. I don't know if anyone explicitly mentioned this on the show, but, given the nature of the new games announced, I also think this Direct further strengthened the argument that the NX will likely replace the 3DS as the next Nintendo handheld in some capacity. There was more 2017 stuff announced than I was expecting, but it all seems like supporting software rather than something that can carry a system.
Normally, LEGO City is too new to qualify, but it received by FAR the most nominations. With its relatively recent promotion to Nintendo Selects we were willing to allow it.
Conversely, the reason why I DON'T want Lego City: Undercover is because to me, the retroactives are the best opportunity to spur discussion about games that have had enough time passed to where it's a good revisit
Yeah, I think I would agree with that. But I also think it is such a good game that it should be talked about anyway.
Its a coincidence. I didnt notice your very similar username until I had already joined.
Usually I use the name Lvaneede, but I think Lemonade is less confusing of a name.
Quote from: Lemonade
I'm being silly, please don't take my comment seriously :D . I found it funny when I first saw your username pop-up on the forums.
And I'll play Lego City: Undercover with the retroactive if just because it's out there and Cheap to obtain a copy, I'm just stating my preference for more flawed games. Based on my limited memory of the game, I think my worst grievances were bad load times and a kind of empty world. Otherwise, I think it was a goofy, fun open-world lego game with humor that's so bad it's funny.
pokepal148Spencer Johnson, Contributing WriterSeptember 25, 2016
It's older then TWEWY was when it got nominated.
Animal Crossing: New Leaf - Welcome amiibo! [3DS]
Dragon Quest VII: Fragments of the Forgotten Past [3DS]
Ever Oasis [3DS]
Hey! Pikmin [3DS]
Mario Sports Superstars [3DS]
Monster Hunter Stories [3DS]
Picross 3D: Round 2 [3DS]
Pokémon Sun and Pokémon Moon [3DS]
Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World [3DS]
Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS [3DS]
Nintendo 3DS Direct 9.1.2016


text:
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using Cake.Common.IO;
using Cake.Common.Tools.MSBuild;
using Cake.Core;
using Cake.Core.IO;
using Cake.Storm.Fluent.Helpers;
using Cake.Storm.Fluent.iOS.Common;
using Cake.Storm.Fluent.Interfaces;
using Cake.Storm.Fluent.InternalExtensions;
using Cake.Storm.Fluent.Steps;

namespace Cake.Storm.Fluent.iOS.Steps
{
	[ReleaseStep]
	// ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
	internal class iOSReleaseStep : IStep
	{
		public void Execute(IConfiguration configuration, StepType currentStep)
		{
			DirectoryPath outputDirectory = configuration.GetArtifactsPath();

			string solutionFile = configuration.GetSolutionPath();

			string[] projectsPath = configuration.GetProjectsPath();

			if (projectsPath.Length > 1)
			{
				configuration.Context.CakeContext.LogAndThrow($"Only one project supported");
			}

			string projectFile = projectsPath[0];
			configuration.FileExistsOrThrow(solutionFile);

			//Create iPA package
			configuration.Context.CakeContext.MSBuild(solutionFile, settings =>
			{
				settings.SetConfiguration("Release");
				settings.WithProperty("BuildIpa", "true")
					.WithProperty("IpaIncludeArtwork", "false")
					.WithProperty("IpaPackageDir", MSBuildHelper.PropertyValue(outputDirectory.MakeAbsolute(configuration.Context.CakeContext.Environment).FullPath))
					.WithProperty("Platform", "iPhone");

				string codeSignKey = configuration.Has(iOSConstants.IOS_CODESIGN_KEY) ? configuration.GetSimple<string>(iOSConstants.IOS_CODESIGN_KEY) : null;
				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(codeSignKey))
				{
					configuration.Context.CakeContext.LogAndThrow("No codesignkey for iOS Release");
				}

				string codeSignProvision = configuration.Has(iOSConstants.IOS_CODESIGN_PROVISION) ? configuration.GetSimple<string>(iOSConstants.IOS_CODESIGN_PROVISION) : null;
				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(codeSignProvision))
				{
					configuration.Context.CakeContext.LogAndThrow("No codesignprovision for iOS Release");
				}

				settings.WithProperty("CodesignKey", MSBuildHelper.PropertyValue(codeSignKey))
					.WithProperty("CodesignProvision", MSBuildHelper.PropertyValue(codeSignProvision));

				configuration.ApplyBuildParameters(settings);
			});

			//Copy dSYM to output
			string searchPattern = new FilePath(projectFile).GetDirectory() + "/**/*.dSYM";
			string symDirectory = configuration.Context.CakeContext.Globber
				.GetDirectories(searchPattern)
				.OrderBy(d => new DirectoryInfo(d.FullPath).LastWriteTimeUtc)
				.FirstOrDefault()?.FullPath;

			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(symDirectory))
			{
				configuration.Context.CakeContext.LogAndThrow("Can not find dSYM file");
			}

			if (configuration.Context.CakeContext.GetFiles($"{outputDirectory}/*.ipa").FirstOrDefault() is FilePath ipaFilePath)
			{
				string ipaFile = $"{outputDirectory}/{ipaFilePath.GetFilename()}";
				configuration.AddSimple(iOSConstants.IOS_ARTIFACT_PACKAGE_FILEPATH, ipaFile);
			}

			string dsymPath = $"{outputDirectory}/{System.IO.Path.GetFileName(symDirectory)}.zip";
			configuration.Context.CakeContext.Zip(symDirectory, dsymPath);
			configuration.AddSimple(iOSConstants.IOS_ARTIFACT_SYMBOLS_FILEPATH, dsymPath);
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cisco Pledges $225M To Fight Global Coronavirus Pandemic
March 23, 2020 3:37am 277 Comments
Cisco Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO) has pledged $225 million in response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak worldwide.
Chief executive officer Chuck Robbins, in a statement on Sunday, said that the telecommunications equipment maker would allocate $8 million in cash and $210 million to various institutions leading the fight against COVID-19 including the World Health Organization, national governments, and non-profit organizations.
The company will also match employee donations up to $4 million and has allocated another $1 million in grants for non-profit organizations, Robbins added.
"People who were already vulnerable are facing even more risks to their health, stability, housing, and well-being," Robbins noted on the effects of the pandemic.
"Nonprofits are struggling to serve their populations as the number of volunteers declines due to social distancing practices and donations are at-risk due to financial concerns."
Why It Happens
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted small businesses and low-income individuals with no immediate end in sight. The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases globally has risen to 336,004 over the weekend, with 14,641 people reported dead, according to the data from Johns Hopkins University.
Cisco had previously committed to pay full wages to its hourly workers during the pandemic, irrespective of the hours they could work or were required to work.
A number of other established Silicon Valley companies have announced similar COVID-19 response packages, including Facebook Inc. (NASDAQ: FB), Amazon.com Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN), Alphabet Inc. (NASDAQ), Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL), and Microsoft Incorporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) over the course of the last two months.
Cisco's shares closed 5.6% lower at $35.6 on Friday. The shares traded slightly lower at $35.49 in the after-hours session.
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Graduate programs push `headcount` at Synod colleges to record
Thank God for graduate programs, which are continuing to draw ever-increasing numbers of students to the Synod's universities with each passing year.
This fall's total undergraduate and graduate enrollment of 20,091 for the 10 Concordia University System (CUS) schools nationwide sets another record and represents an increase of 1,522 students, or 8 percent, since last fall.
Like previous records set every year since 2002, this year's figure is due to the schools' burgeoning graduate-student enrollment — 6,661 this year, an increase of 1,750 students or 36 percent.
In fact, without the graduate students, the total CUS headcount would be down, primarily because of demographics as the pool of college-age young people in the United States continues to shrink.
Total CUS enrollment for undergraduate students this fall stands at 13,430 — a drop of 228 students, or 1.7 percent.
Dr. Kurt Krueger, executive director of the Synod's Board for University Education and president of the CUS, said he considers this year's enrollment news as "basically good."
"I'm very pleased with how our schools are growing and improving in the quality of the education they provide for our students," he said. "And I think we can look for even more growth and more improvement in years to come."
As far as attracting more students, offering graduate-level courses seems to be the key, Krueger said. Eight of the 10 CUS schools offer graduate programs and all saw increases in their graduate-student enrollment. Undergraduate enrollment fell in four of the eight schools, though.
"Having all these graduate students does give us a chance to promote our values and our Christian world view," Krueger noted. All CUS professors are Christian, he said, and he knows many have influenced their students — both graduate and undergraduate.
All CUS undergraduate students are required to take theology courses, although graduate students are not, and those classes often pique a student's interest in Christianity, he said. Krueger pointed to a letter he received recently that was written by a former CUS student, a non-Lutheran, who is now serving as a missionary overseas.
"Because of those [CUS] theology classes, I reconsidered my faith and recommitted myself to Christian service," the former student wrote.
"These students are going to go someplace anyway [to earn their degrees]," Krueger added, "and if we can attract them to taking classes from Christian people, from a Christian university — where they know full well what the mission is — I think we can add value to their lives beyond their professional development and also have a hand in their spiritual development."
Leading the way in graduate programs among CUS schools is Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, Ill., which reported two enrollment records this fall — 3,710 in total enrollment (a 33 percent increase) and 2,636 in graduate-student enrollment (up 50 percent).
In contrast, the school's undergraduate enrollment of 1,074 rose by just 4 percent.
Its graduate program is thriving, according to administrators, because it "takes its classes to the teachers" at more than 60 off-campus sites, mostly public elementary and high schools in the greater Chicago area.
"In other words, we are delivering quality education in a new way," says Dr. John F. Johnson, the university's president.
"This was one factor in adopting the name of 'Concordia University Chicago,"' Johnson said. "It is more descriptive of our sphere of operations and influence."
The CUS school "provides graduate credentials to more public school teachers than any other private college in the state of Illinois," according to Johnson, and plans to expand its "cohort" model to other locations and majors, including adding master's programs in gerontology and counseling.
"All of our graduate programs are consistent with our mission of equipping men and women to serve and lead in a diverse, interconnected, and increasingly urbanized church and world," he said.
But, tempering that rise in the number of graduate students is the dwindling number of church-work students at CUS schools, from 2,613 in fall 2005 to 2,406 this fall — a drop of 207 students.
Only two of the 10 CUS institutions — Concordia University, Austin, Texas, and Concordia University, St. Paul, Minn. — saw increases in church-vocation enrollment this fall. Those increases were 43 students, and 6 students, respectively.
Since 2002, total CUS enrollment in church vocations has fallen steadily each year — by 79 (2002 to 2003), 76 (2003 to 2004), 116 (2004 to 2005), and 207 (2005 to 2006). (See related story.)
That "steady slide" is the area of "most concern" to Krueger and the Synod's Board for University Education, he told Reporter, and will be discussed at the board's next meeting in February.
Why the drop?
One reason is that fewer children of church workers are pursuing church careers, according to Krueger. "Years ago, if an LCMS pastor had three sons, one would likely go into the ministry," he said. "My dad was a pastor and three of us — out of four kids — are in church work. That apparently is not happening anymore."
Krueger says these young people might be discounting church-work careers because they've seen their parents' work-related stress, or they view church vocations as low-paying professions.
Or, they choose a state college because they don't think they can afford the $18,000 to $21,000 per year tuition of a CUS school.
But "very few people pay $20,000 for tuition [at a CUS school] — especially church-work students," says Krueger. "There are all kinds of scholarships available for students studying for church professions. And often times, attending a Concordia is as cheap as — or cheaper than — attending a four-year flagship state school, because of the scholarships available." (Click here for related story.)
This year's 2,406 church-work students include 1,302 teachers (down 137), 368 pre-seminary (down 58), 420 directors of Christian education (up 16), 29 directors of Christian outreach (down 5), 27 deaconesses (down 6), 169 lay ministers (down 13), 31 directors of parish music (down 7), and 60 directors of family life ministry (up 3).
Also down is the number of LCMS students attending CUS schools — that figure fell from 4,996 in 2005 to
St. Louis sem to host choir workshop
Positions (December)


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Why Facing History
Holocaust and Human Behavior / Choosing to Participate
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Holocaust and Human Behavior
Antisemitism & Religious Intolerance
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Spanish Translations from Holocaust and Human Behavior
The Individual and Society
We and They
World War: Choices and Consequences
The Weimar Republic: The Fragility of Democracy
The National Socialist Revolution
Conformity and Consent in the National Community
Open Aggression and World Responses
A War for Race and Space
Judgment and Justice
Legacy and Memory
Choosing to Participate
What Difference Can a Word Make?
The Voices of Millions
Open-Source Participation
Not Just Awareness, But Action
Mayor Mockus
Finding a Voice in Art
Seeking a Strategy that Works
Believing in Others
Breaking Isolation
Acknowledging the Past to Shape the Present
Who We Are, Or Could Be, in Times of Crisis
Walking with the Wind
Analysis & Reflection
Individual and Society
Judgment, Memory & Legacy
According to author Suzanne Goldsmith, building a community "requires only the ability to see value in others; to look at them and see a potential partner in one's enterprise."1 Intolerance, hatred, and violence test the strength of a community. How the members of a community respond is one measure of its citizens' commitment to democracy. During the early 1990s, hate groups in Billings, Montana, organized a wave of racist and antisemitic violence. In 1994, journalist Claire Safran reported on the community's response.
On a quiet evening in Billings, Montana, early [in December 1993], a stranger arrived at the home of Tammie and Brian Schnitzer. He stole across the lawn, a cinder block in hand. He stopped at a window decorated with Star of David decals and a menorah, the nine-branched candelabra that is the symbol of the Jewish festival of Chanukah. Then he hurled the stone, sending jagged shards of glass into the bedroom of Isaac, 5.
By chance, the little boy wasn't there. He'd been in the family room watching TV with his 2-year-old sister, Rachel, and a babysitter. They heard the crash, but when the sitter searched for a cause, she missed the broken window. That remained for Brian to find when he came home. Shaken, he phoned the police and put the children to bed in the safest spot he could think of—bundled in sleeping bags under the four-poster bed in his bedroom. "We're playing campout," he told Isaac.
Not long after, Tammie returned from a meeting of the human rights coalition she co-chaired. Seeing the look on her husband's face, she asked, "What's wrong?" He led her to Isaac's room. Shocked, she stared at the broken window. Tammie had felt a little nervous putting up the Chanukah decorations; in recent months, a string of hate crimes had occurred around town. Now her worst fears had come home.
Waiting for the police to arrive, Tammie huddled in a rocking chair in her son's room. "I felt so cold," she recalls. "But it wasn't the winter air coming through the broken window. It was my sense of being so helpless. It was my fear of what would come next."
Some 80,000 people live under the big sky of this valley town sheltered by rocky hills. They drive pickups and family sedans, dress in jeans and business suits, and mingle in an easy, relaxed way. They are overwhelmingly Christian and white; about 50 Jewish families live here, and fewer than 500 blacks. Add Hispanics and Native Americans, [and] all told, minorities in Billings make up a meager 7 percent or so of the population.
For some that's still too many. In 1986 white supremacists declared Montana to be one of five states comprising their "Aryan homeland." In the years that followed, racist incidents around the state became increasingly frequent; eventually they cropped up in Billings. . . .
By the end of 1992, the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and a band of skinheads had become visible presences in Billings. Klan newspapers were tossed onto driveways, and flyers surfaced attacking mainly Jews and homosexuals. One day a bumper sticker that read "Nuke Israel" was placed on a stop sign near the temple. Not long after, Tammie saw a flyer that named Brian, who'd recently become president of the Montana association of Jewish Communities. "I felt sick," she recalls. "It really hit home."
At a meeting, temple officers chose not to speak out. Says Tammie, "They seemed to feel that to acknowledge a problem or identify ourselves as being different would make us stand apart." Tammie refused to stay silent. . . .
At the same time, Margaret MacDonald . . . a mother of two and the part-time director of the Montana Association of Churches, was encountering resistance to another effort to draw attention to the problem: a petition that opposed hatred and bigotry. "There'd been an emphatic hard-line stance in the town, like a brick wall, that the less said about the skinheads and other racists, the better," she says. She persisted, however, and over the following months, more than 100 organizations and 3,500 people signed the resolution.
In the spring of 1993, after a conversation at a town meeting, Tammie, Margaret, and several others formed the Billings Coalition for Human Rights. "This wasn't a Jewish issue, it was a human rights issue," says Tammie. "We wanted to make the community aware of what was going on."
The hate activity escalated. In September, four days before the start of the Jewish New Year, vandals overturned headstones in the Jewish cemetery. And on the holiday itself, a bomb threat was made to the temple before the start of the children's service.
Tammie urged synagogue members to speak out. "I wanted to let people know what was happening. But some members felt that we would put ourselves in more danger. We didn't know what to do."
In the weeks that followed, several Billings residents—inspired by the Coalition for Human Rights—took action against racism. When skinheads showed up at services of the African Methodist Episcopal Wayman Chapel, small groups of white Christians appeared in response. They sat with the congregation until the skinheads stopped coming. In October an interracial couple awoke one morning to find crude words and a swastika spray-painted on their house. Three days later, volunteers from the local painters union repaired the damage.
But with the arrival of the holiday season, the hate incidents turned violent. In late November a beer bottle was thrown through the window of a Jewish home. And then, on the night of December 2, the Schnitzer home was attacked.
As Tammie spoke with the police officer who'd arrived at her home, she swung between fear and outrage. "This isn't just mischief," she said. He agreed and advised her to take down the Chanukah decorations and avoid leaving the children with a babysitter.
Lying in bed that night, sleepless, Tammie thought how ironic it was that the attack on her home had occurred because of Chanukah—a holiday commemorating the Jews' fight thousands of years ago to worship God in their own way. "I wondered what kind of struggle we were going to be in for, and how we could stop it before it became worse," she says.
The next day, Friday, Tammie spoke with a reporter from the Billings Gazette. She told him how troubled she was by the officer's advice. "Maybe it's not wise to keep these symbols up," she said. "But how do you explain that to a child?"
On Saturday morning Margaret [MacDonald] read Tammie's quote in the paper. She tried to imagine telling her daughter, Siri, then 6, that they could not have a Christmas tree, or explaining to Charlie, then 3, that they had to take a wreath off the door because it wasn't safe.
Margaret phoned her pastor, Keith Torney. "What would you think if we had the children draw menorahs in Sunday school?" she asked. "If we mimeographed as many pictures of the menorah as we could? If we told people to put them up in their windows?"
Reverend Torney had read the paper that morning too. "Yes," he said. "And yes again." He spent the rest of the day on the phone, enlisting other churches. That week hundreds of menorahs appeared in the windows of Christian homes in Billings. "It wasn't an easy decision," says Margaret. "With two young children, I had to think hard about it myself. We put our menorah in a living room window, and made sure nobody sat in front of it."
One of the first to put up a menorah was Becky Thomas, . . . a Catholic mother of two who lives near the Schnitzers. "It's easy to go around saying you support some good cause, but this was different. It was putting ourselves in danger," she says. "I told my husband, 'Now we know how the Schnitzers feel.'"
Some, nervous about jeopardizing their families, checked first with Wayne Inman, the chief of police at the time. "Yes, there's a risk," he told callers. "But there's a greater risk in not doing it."
On December 7, the Billings Gazette published a full-page picture of a menorah to cut out and tape up. Local businesses also distributed photocopies of menorahs, and one put a message on a billboard, proclaiming: "Not in Our Town! No Hate, No Violence. Peace on Earth."
As the Jewish symbol sprouted in Christian windows, the haters lashed out. Glass panes on the doors of the Evangelical United Methodist Church, graced with two menorahs, were smashed. Someone fired shots into a Catholic school that had joined the crusade. Six cars parked in front of homes that displayed menorahs had their windows kicked out; the homeowners received phone calls that told them to "Go look at your car, Jew-lover."
Yet suddenly, for every menorah that was there before, ten new ones appeared. Hundreds of menorahs grew to be thousands. It's estimated that as many as 6,000 homes in Billings had menorahs on display. "All along, our coalition had been saying an attack on one of us is an attack on all of us," says Margaret MacDonald. "And God bless them, the people of this town understood." . . .
The people of Billings kept their menorahs up until the New Year. As Inman says, "The haters could attack a couple of Jewish homes. They could make a second wave of attacks on Christian homes and churches. But they could not target thousands of menorahs."
Confronted by a united town, the Ku Klux Klan and skinheads backed off. The acts of vandalism stopped, the hate literature disappeared, and the anonymous calls ended. But with no witnesses and no strong leads, the police were never able to make any arrests, a fact that leaves the community extremely uneasy. . . .
The town continues to stand together. In April [of 1994] more than 250 Christians joined the Jewish community for a seder, the traditional Passover meal. Not long after, hundreds attended a concert of Jewish music that the Schnitzers helped coordinate to show their appreciation to Billings.
Tammie Schnitzer and Margaret MacDonald are busy organizing meetings and speaking at schools about racial sensitivity. With Chanukah just a few weeks away, they're stepping up their activities and are working on combined holiday events for the temple and local churches.
Soon Tammie's going to be putting up her Chanukah decorations. "I have to make sure my kids are proud of themselves and never have to hide who they are," she says. "Yes, I'm afraid. But I know if something happened again, the community would respond."
Becky Thomas, for one, is prepared. "We saved our menorah, and it's going in our window again," she says. "We need to show commitment for a lifetime."2
Roger Rosenblatt of the New York Times interviewed Billings residents in 1994 and found that many of them were reassessing their attitudes and beliefs as a result of the menorah campaign. Wayne Inman, former Billings chief of police, told Rosenblatt that although there had been no African Americans or Jews in his hometown, he grew up hearing racial slurs.
It was as common as the sun coming up in the morning. Nobody ever confronted the issue. It was "normal." But when I got out into the larger world, I found that it wasn't normal, or if it was normal, it should be opposed. When you have a person present, not just a word, you see that you're talking about a human being whose skin is black. I saw that for myself. I saw the hurt and pain in his eyes. It became a very personal issue for me.3
Sarah Anthony, a member of the Human Rights Coalition, reflected on the struggle and why it matters to her. She told Rosenblatt:
I mean, what have we done so far? Come up with a plan. Make a few phone calls. Put up menorahs. That's all we did. Pretty simple stuff, actually. But you have to build the sentiment, to forge the real feeling that goes deep. We did something right here, and we will do it again if we have to. If we don't, there are people who would break every window in Billings, and we would look out those windows and see ourselves.4
1 : Suzanne Goldsmith-Hirsch, A City Year: On the Streets and in the Neighborhoods with Twelve Young Community Service Volunteers (New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1998), 277.
2 : Claire Safran, "Not in Our Town," Redbook, November 1994. Reprinted by permission from Scott Williams, on behalf of the Estate of Claire Safran Williams.
3 : Roger Rosenblatt, "Their Finest Minute," New York Times, July 3, 1994.
Connection Questions
How did racism and antisemitism test the strength of the Billings community? What did the citizens' response reveal about their universe of obligation? How was their response related to their commitment to democracy?
What does the story of Billings suggest about the way people can get involved? What does it suggest about the way one act leads to another and yet another? What precedents or past actions did the people of Billings build on? What legacies did they leave for their children? For other communities?
What does Sarah Anthony mean when she says, "We did something right here, and we will do it again if we have to. If we don't, there are people who would break every window in Billings, and we would look out those windows and see ourselves"? Activist Marian Wright Edelman believes that "the good people's silence" can be "as damaging as the bad people's actions." Would Anthony agree? Do you agree?
What is a hate crime? What distinguishes a hate crime from other crimes? After a rock was thrown through the window of a home that belonged to a Vietnamese family, then Deputy Superintendent William Johnston of the Boston Police Department noted that the rock did more than shatter glass. It also shattered a family. What do you think he might have meant? How do his words apply to the situation in Billings that you read about?
"Hate crimes are not a police problem," says former Police Chief Wayne Inman. "They're a community problem. Hate crimes and hate activity flourish only in communities that allow them to flourish." James Pace, the head of a racist "skinhead" group in Billings, agrees. He told a reporter, "If you have a racist problem, it was here and it's been here and it's going to be here if we are here or not." Why do you think people join hate groups? What can people do to make sure that hate groups do not flourish in their communities?
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Heart attacks, strokes, and breast cancer are among the top killers of women in the United States. While there are many factors that play into the development of these conditions, the risks can be reduced by eating certain foods. Women also face unique challenges to their health based on hormone fluctuations and reproductive cycle. And, of course, we can't forget the changing nutritional needs during pregnancy! The good news is that all of these needs can be addressed through diet!
Greek Yogurt: Greek yogurt is an excellent source of calcium, a mineral women need to maintain strength in their bones as they age. It is also full of healthy probiotics that can not only help you maintain digestive health, it can promote vaginal and urinary health. When bad bacteria gets out of hand in our digestive tract, it can easily be passed, through elimination, to these other sensitive areas of the body.
Fatty Fish: Fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and herring are high in omega 3 fatty acids which work as an anti-inflammatory, protecting your body from many ailments including heart disease and arthritis. Salmon is also a great source of vitamin D which helps the body to absorb calcium, an important mineral for women and bone health.
Beans: Not just an excellent source of protein and fiber, beans also contain dozens of nutrients that women are often lacking in their bodies. These nutrients include, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. Scientific studies have linked eating beans to a decreased risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, breast and colon cancers.
Tomatoes: Tomatoes are one of best sources of lycopene in the human diet. This powerful antioxidant can help to protect your cells and DNA from damage caused by harmful free radicals which research has found may decrease the chances of getting breast, endometrial, lung, stomach, and renal cell carcinoma cancers. Heating your tomatoes increases the amount of lycopene available for absorption so for best results, try some sauteed or roasted tomatoes as a side dish or in your morning omelet.
Berries: Berries, like blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries, offer cancer protection by way of antioxidants but their benefits don't stop there! They also contain high amounts of vitamin C and the B vitamin, folate. Vitamin C is essential for helping your body absorb iron. Folate is good for the heart, can reduce the risk of stroke, promotes normal cholesterol levels and is essential for fetal health in early pregnancy. As an added bonus, the antioxidants in blueberries, in particular, also help promote youthful skin, prevent urinary tract infections, relieve eyestrain and help with memory loss.
Nuts: Walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, and hazelnuts are a delicious source of omega 3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Both of these things help to reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Studies have found that eating 2 ounces a day of walnuts can significantly improve blood flow to, and from, the heart in just 2 months. Walnuts are also packed full of phytosterols, a known cancer fighting antioxidant. When it comes to nuts, just remember to keep your portions in check. They are high in calories and may throw off other elements of your diet.
Oatmeal: Oatmeal is a heart-healthy food option. A study done at Harvard of over 68,000 women found that those who ate the most fiber were 23% less likely to develop heart disease than those who consumed the least. And because they are full of soluble fiber, which expands in water, they are digested more slowly and keep you feeling fuller, longer, reducing your blood sugar spikes and helping to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Flaxseed: Adding flax to your diet can reduce the risk of heart disease by preventing red blood cells from clumping together and blocking your arteries. And if you ever experience vaginal dryness, flaxseed contains phytoetrogens that can boost estrogen levels and increase lubrication.
Olive Oil: When it comes to protecting your heart and helping your cholesterol levels, few things are better than the monounsaturated fats (MUFAs) found in olive oil. These MUFAs lower your LDL cholesterol levels while increasing your HDL cholesterol. Olive oil is also packed with antioxidants that can reduce your risk for certain cancers and chronic diseases like Alzheimer's.
Broccoli: Rich in vitamin C, broccoli can help your body absorb iron. This is particularly important for women as iron levels often go down during menstruation. Iron provides energy by delivering oxygen to the body's cells. Vitamin C also plays a vital role in the development of collagen, an important protein that helps to build bones, cartilage, and tendons, while maintaining your skin's elasticity.
Spinach: Spinach and other leafy greens like kale, provide your body with iron. Spinach also contains lutein which may help to guard against heart attacks by keeping the artery walls free of cholesterol. This salad go-to is full of sulfoquinovose which acts as prebiotic, feeding your healthy gut bacteria and preventing the growth and colonization of the bad bacteria. And if you are pregnant, or thinking of becoming pregnant, spinach gives a healthy dose of folate, helping to protect against birth defects.
Sweet Potato: Sweet potatoes are full of beta-carotene. Your body converts that into vitamin A which is a key player in protecting eye health. Women are more likely than men to develop cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration and eating food rich in beta-carotene may help protect against this.
Garlic: Garlic does more than make your food taste incredible, it can reduce the risk of ovarian and colorectal cancers. It also contains a phytochemical called allicin which can reduce blood pressure and protect against heart attack and stroke. Garlic also reduces plaque build up in the arteries and prevents new plaque from forming.
Apples: Apples might one of the healthiest foods there is. In several large studies, apples have been found to be one of the most effective foods on the planet for reducing heart disease in postmenopausal women. They have also been found to reduce the risk of lung cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Dark Chocolate: If you love chocolate, you're in luck. Dark chocolate and cocoa have been found to reduce inflammation in the body and protect against heart disease! One 9 year study found that women who ate 1 to 2 servings of high quality dark chocolate a week had a 32% lower risk of developing heart failure than women who didn't eat dark chocolate. It is believed that the polyphenol and flavanol compounds in dark chocolate protect the heart. For the greatest benefit, make sure your chocolate contains at least 70% cocoa.
Turmeric: Inflammation is never a good thing in the body and can lean to many conditions, including cancer. Earthy flavored turmeric fights inflammation in the body and contains the antioxidant curcumin. One study found that curcumin has chemopreventive properties and may reduce the formation of breast cancer.
Green tea: Green tea contains antioxidants that have been tied to slower growth in cancer cells, improved blood flow, weight loss, improved liver function, and lower rates of brain diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. And because green tea contains polyphenols, it may also reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Quinoa: Quinoa is known as a super food for good reason. It is a nutrient-packed complete protein that can be used as a long lasting energy source for all women. It's high protein content, along with folate, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese make this a particularly healthy food for pregnant women. Protein needs are high during pregnancy as it is an essential for proper fetal development.
Pumpkin: Like sweet potato, pumpkin is an excellent source of vitamin A or retinol. If you want to keep your skin glowing, your eyes healthy and your immune system firing, pumpkin is a great place to start!
Cranberries: It is believed that upwards of 60% of women will experience a urinary tract infection in their lifetime. The fructose and A-type proanthocyanidins found in cranberries prevent the harmful bacteria from attaching to the wall of the bladder and reproducing. In other words, cranberries help to flush infection causing bacteria from your system. It won't do anything for you once you have an infection (antibiotics is the only answer there!) but regular consumption of cranberries can help prevent an infection from starting in the first place!
Chickpeas: Many of the complicated and tough to live with symptoms that come with peri- and postmenopause are caused by a drop off of estrogen levels. Chickpeas contain isoflavone which acts as a phytoestrogen. It takes on the structure of estrogen and can function in the same pathways helping to make these symptoms more bearable.
Some of these foods may already be in your diet, others may not. If you are looking for simple and creative ways to prepare and enjoy these foods, check out the BodyRock Meal Plan. Full of healthy and tasty recipes, eating well has never been so easy! Take the guesswork out of everything and let us help! Check it out.
Licorice: Licorice and "licorice like foods", such as fennel and anise, have strong estrogenic properties which can disrupt natural hormones levels, increasing the risk for certain types of cancers. And eating too much while pregnant can impair fetal brain development.
Soy: Soy contains phytoestrogens which can cause estrogen dominance in women which has been linked to infertility, menstrual troubles and cancer. It can also inhibit the body's ability to absorb zinc, calcium, copper, iron, and magnesium.
Low-Fat Dairy: Studies have found that women who eat high amounts of low-fat dairy are more likely to experience ovulatory infertility than women who consume little to no low-fat dairy products.
Microwave Popcorn: Microwave popcorn bags are lined with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) which can dramatically increase infertility rates. PFOA has also been linked to irregular periods and breast cancer.
Canned Tomatoes: The resin lining of tin cans is made with bisphenol-A (BPA) which has been linked to everything from reproductive problems to heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The acid in tomatoes breaks down the BPA, allowing it to enter your system more easily.
Tell us, BodyRockers? How many of these health boosting foods are you eating on the regular?