The English Defence League (EDL), the anti-Muslim 'street army' composed largely of football hooligans that burst onto the front pages of British newspapers in the last year as a result of its often violent protests, is to hold a rally in Amsterdam in October, EUobserver has learnt.
The EDL is to demonstrate in support of Geert Wilders, the Dutch anti-immigrant firebrand, with a recently launched French Defence League and Dutch Defence League, modelled on the English group, to join them along with other anti-Islamic militants from across Europe.
Formed in 2009, the EDL has held over a dozen often rowdy marches and demonstrations in cities across Britain over the last year. Protests that attracted only a couple hundred militants at the end of last year are now bringing thousands out. On Saturday (28 August) a rally in Bradford, West Yorkshire, home to the second-largest community of south Asians in the UK, turned ugly when members clashed with police and pelted anti-racist activists with bricks, bottles and smoke bombs. Thirteen were arrested, according to media reports.
Anti-racist watchdogs call the EDL one of the most worrying developments on the far-right scene in the UK since the 1970s and the days of the National Front, an openly white supremacist and neo-Nazi political party. The group now appears to be meeting with some success in exporting its novel brand of nativism to the continent, a combination of anti-Muslim vitriol, aggressive street marches and attempts to rope in football hooligan gangs by holding rallies around the same time as matches.
Graeme Atkinson, European editor of Searchlight magazine, a UK anti-fascist journal, says that the group is "tapping into a widespread and growing Islamophobia in society," in a way that other far-right groups, weighed down with explicitly fascist iconography and discourse, have not been able to.
He warns against panic regarding the new group, but says authorities should not be blind to the growth of such movements, describing the new formation as "an utterly socially divisive, politically toxic ideology."
Distinct from the traditional far right, the EDL, which originally grew out of the "football casual" subculture, claims to be multi-ethnic, to target "jihadism" rather than Muslims, and employs a rhetoric more in keeping with the fringes of neo-conservative anti-Islamism than the nostalgia for Nazism of other far-right formations.
The group's mission statement declares that anyone is welcome, so long as they are "integrated:" "We are non-racist/fascist and anyone is welcome if they want to live under English values and fully integrate into our way of life."
"English Defence League members recognise that this threat is one that must be stopped at all costs. Our Christian, Jewish, Sikh, and Hindu friends all have tales to tell with regard to Islamic Imperialism," the group's "Exposing the myths" page reads.
One of its leaders is Guramit Singh, a Sikh born in Britain, and it says it is, like Mr Wilders, strongly pro-Israel and maintains both Jewish and LGBT "divisions" while backing a ban on the building of mosques and seeking the burqa to be outlawed. Its LGBT wing was set up after the Dutchman visited the UK in March when he had been invited to show his short anti-Islam film, Fitna, in the House of Lords. At a demonstration in Bolton in March, a man held up a pink triangle alongside anti-Islam placards and banners. Its LGBT division has 107 members at the time of writing.
In what would normally be anathema to traditional, antisemitic far-right outfits, the group has taken to brandishing the Israeli flag at rallies and, according to the Jewish Chronicle, its Jewish division had signed up hundreds of members on its Facebook page until the page was recently deleted, though Jewish leaders in the UK actively discourage young people from joining, with the Board of Deputies of British Jews describing the organisation as "built on a foundation of Islamophobia and hatred which we reject entirely."
As with other formations in Europe that far-right monitoring organisations describe as "far-right-lite," notably Mr Wilders, Denmark's People's Party and the late Pim Fortuyn, some in the EDL try to distance themselves from, in the words of the group's website, the "Adolf-worhipping neanderthals."
But these same monitors say that while the EDL is not an outright "fascist" or neo-Nazi formation, links with the traditional far right remain, with many leaders being ex-members of the British National Party. Its leader, Tommy Robinson, is an ex-BNP activist. One of the organisation's main strategists is 45-year-old IT consultant Alan Lake, who has advised the far-right Swedish Democrats on tactics.
Meanwhile, at every demonstration but two in the last year, dozens have been arrested. The group's marches regularly involve anti-Muslim sloganeering and frequently descend into violence. At a rally in Dudley in July, a Hindu Temple was attacked as well as a number of shops, restaurants, cars and homes.
Figures for the size of the organisation and its supporters are hard to pin down and no figures have emerged for the new continental franchises. The group claims it has "thousands" of supporters and has spawned a Scottish Defence League and a Welsh Defence League, both of which have held rallies in their respective countries, as well as an Ulster Defence League. Police meanwhile reckoned that 1,500 to 2,000 EDL demonstrators marched in Newcastle upon Tyne in May this year, one of its bigger rallies.
The EDL has received endorsements from Robert Spencer and Pamela Geller, two of the main agitators behind the right-wing movement opposed to a Muslim community centre being built two blocks away from the site of Al Qaeda's attacks on New York in 2001, the so-called Ground Zero Mosque. Geert Wilders, for his part, is scheduled to speak at a protest in Manhattan on 11 September this year by Stop Islamization of America (SIOA) against the building of the community centre.
Although Mr Wilders is not thought to have direct links with the EDL, SIOA is an affiliate organisation of Stop Islamisation of Europe (SIOE), which has marched alongside the English hooligan movement. SIOE itself was founded in 2007 by Anders Gravers, previously the leader of a tiny Danish party called Stop the Islamisation of Denmark (Stop Islamiseringen af Danmark), in reaction to the Jyllands-Posten Mohammed cartoon controversy. On 11 September 2007, the SIOE staged a demonstration in Brussels.
Other affiliate organisations have been created in 10 European countries including Denmark, Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Poland, Romania, and Sweden and the United States of America. Mr Gravers is reportedly on friendly terms with Mr Wilders, is his "friend" on Facebook and will be speaking alongside him at the anti-Mosque rally in New York.
The demonstration in Amsterdam is due to take place on 30 October, according to the EDL website. Mr Wilders heads to court at the end of next month on charges of inciting racism. The case begins 5 October, with a verdict expected 2 November.
Joining them there will be members of the recently formed Dutch Defence League' and French Defence League, both modelled on the EDL. The latter draws its members from the ranks of far-right supporters of the Paris Saint Germain football club, known in France for long harbouring a far-right element among the club's supporters, although elsewhere on the continent, according to EDL spokesman Steve Simmons, not all the defence-league-linked groups have their origins in football hooliganism.
The French Defence League, which employs both an anglophone version of its name and "Ligue Francaise de Defense," founded in May and more latterly takes the name Ligue 732, after a group of Paris Saint Germain supporters, that, according the outfit, "tries to unify all French Casuals, Ultras and French Fans to fight against Radical Islam."
The 732 figure references the year that the French king Charles the Hammer, the grandfather of Charlemagne, won a victory at the Battle of Tours halting Islamic expansion in western Europe.
Mr Simmons told EUobserver that militants from the "anti-Jihad movement" in Germany, Belgium, Switzerland and "other European states" will join them in Amsterdam for the launch of what is termed the "European Defence League" or, alternately, the much cuddlier "European Friendship Initiative."
"I would also like to take this opportunity to announce a new demonstration that is to take the English Defence League global," Tommy Robinson, the pseudonym of the group's leader, Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, a former member of the BNP, wrote on the EDL website in a missive in July.
"You may be aware that the great man Geert Wilders is in court for race hate charges," he continued. "The EDL has been in contact with our European brothers and sisters and we have decided that on Saturday, 30 October the European Defence League will be demonstrating in Amsterdam in support of Geert. We hope that all of you will be able to join us for this, what promises to be a landmark demonstration for the future of the defence leagues."
"We feel that freedom of speech is being eroded and a lot of appeasing of radical muslims and Islam in general. Geert has the courage to take this on and we want to support him," the group's spokesman, Steve Simmons, told EUobserver.
In June this year, the EDL sent two representatives to Counter-Jihad 2010 - a conference in Zurich held by the International Civil Liberties Alliance, which does not focus on civil liberties at all but is instead an anti-Muslim movement. It was the fourth such pan-European conference in as many years.
The Zurich conference may have been where the idea for a European Defence League originated. According to an EDL report back from the meeting, which attracted "counter-Jihad" activists from Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, Norway, Austria, Switzerland, the UK and the US, the conference "built on the important work that had already been done as well as doing the groundwork for new initiatives and the inclusion of new organisations and activists in the work of the global counter jihad."
Mr Simmons for his part in a slight detour from the announcement of Mr Robinson, told EUobserver that the Amsterdam rally will see the launch of the "European Friendship Initiative," and that a "European Defence League" will be just part of this broader alliance of "Defence-League"-branded movements.
He said that talks are ongoing with in particular German, Dutch, Belgian and French groups ahead of the Amsterdam demonstration. Already, in April this year, the EDL took part in a small pro-Wilders rally of 100 people in Berlin outside the Dutch embassy, organised by the Burger Bewegung Pax Europa (Pax Europa Citizens' Movement).
He also explained why the EDL and allied groups are heading to the Netherlands: "We feel that freedom of speech is being eroded and there is a lot of appeasing of radical muslims and Islam in general. Geert has the courage to take this on and we want to support him."
He downplayed the group's rowdy reputation: "We want to turn it into a sort of celebration rather than a protest, with food, drink and entertainment."
He claimed that off-duty serving UK, Dutch and German soldiers which had joined "Armed Forces Unite," (which grew out of "Armed Forces Defence League," a Facebook group for EDL-supporting soldiers and sailors) have offered to help Dutch police to steward the event.
The city of Amsterdam government for its part is aware of the plans for a demonstration and is tracking developments, but will not discuss details of preparations due to "security considerations."
In Bradford over the weekend, in what was a massive police operation, some 1,600 officers from 13 forces took part.


text:
During the early 1950s, we were frequent visitors to Port Melbourne, which at that time was reached by electric train from Flinders St station.
We used to watch the large passenger ocean ships coming into either Station Pier or Prince's Pier. carrying hundreds of people migrating to Australia.
Occasionally, the Royal Australian Navy would appear at Port Melbourne, at times of importance, such as Christmas, Easter, the Royal Show, Test Cricket Matches, the Melbourne Cup or the Victorian Football League Final Matches.
In November/December 1956, many Navy ships were in Melbourne for the Olympic Games.
Usually, some of the ships were open to the public for inspection, and I remember doing some of those "walk-around" tours!
Below are pix I took in December 1953 of HMAS Vengeance and HMAS Australia
Dec1953 - HMAS Vengeance
Dec 1953 - HMAS Australia
1910 - Warburton train
1950 - Healesville train
I was always interested in trains, from as far back as 1945!
In the 1940s to the late 1950s, as we had no car in our family, we relied heavily on public transport, mainly the train, with our starting and finishing point being Auburn station.
I was a "Cadet Train Observer" in those years - I would walk over to Auburn station after school and wait for the train to Healesville/Warburton to go through. This express train left Prince's Bridge Station each afternoon at 5 pm, and was a steam train in the 1940s, later a diesel. As a very small boy, I used to call this train "The Black Train", as the carriages were dark in color!
The train had four carriages and two guard's vans, and would be divided at Lilydale, with two carriages and a guards van continuing on to Healesville, and the other two carriages and a guard's van proceeding to Warburton. A separate engine would be used from Lilydale.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: SharePoint 2010 with Office 2013 Clients Can someone tell me if users with Office 2013 installed will have compatibility issues with SharePoint 2010 (Publishing site)? Or can someone point me to a source of information on this specifically? (no success with Google)

A: Yes, there are a few compatibility issues surrounding Visio, Project client, and Excel/PowerPivot.  For example:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2755126
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/chhopkin/archive/2013/02/14/working-with-visio-2013-files-in-sharepoint-2010.aspx
Project client 2013 is not compatible with Project Server 2010.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Talk of British TV Show Cancelling Filming in South Africa Due to Crime and Security
A popular British reality TV show - Love Island - is reconsidering its plans to film in South Africa following safety concerns for the contestants in the wake of reports of violent crime in Cape Town.
Reuters reports that the 'Love Island' dating show bosses are thinking of abandoning their plans, after the recent spike in violent gang-related crimes in Cape Town. They said "new figures show that the murder rate has risen to 12 murders a day which rises to approximately 50 killings at weekends".
Producers of the ITV2 programme, hosted by Caroline Flack, had arranged to set up the show's dating villa in Cape Town for the new series, a winter season of Love Island, due to be broadcast in January 2020 (the UK's winter).
Normally the summer series is filmed in Majorca, Spain... but when producers announced a Winter Love Island series in July, they said the filming would move to South Africa so that the 'summer atmosphere' could be retained (with SA weather in January and February clearly being a lot warmer than that of Europe!).
However tabloids in the UK reported today that ITV has been "urged" to reconsider filming in South Africa because of concerns over the Love Islanders' safety.
Yesterday SA's President Cyril Ramaphosa announced a six-month extension of the army's deployment in the Cape Flats area to quell the violence.
The news reports in the UK did also mention that there has been a 3% increase in holiday makers to Cape Town, with the city's international airport welcoming 5.3 million tourists last year.
The filming of the Love Island series in South Africa would be fantastic for SA's tourism sector.
Source: SA People
Broadcast EN Broadcast, Film and Convergence in Africa - Issue no. 324 – 25 September 2019
Crisis at Namibia's public broadcaster spreads as it turns off two other private TV channels on its digital broadcasting platform as a desperate negotiating ploy
Private televisions will have to pay 75 million FCFA per year to air their program on the DTT platform in Burkina Faso
South Africa's SABC Pushes Ahead With Plans To Hike TV Licence Fees, Amidst Objections
AzamTV Uganda reduces subscription rates
Africa-America Institute Set to Honor Angola, New York Times Magazine, and Netflix Film During 35th Annual Awards Gala
Ghana Selects The Film 'Azali' For First-Ever Oscar Submission
Knuckle City journey to Oscars kicked off in Eastern Cape on 20 September
Nigeria: NFC On A Mission To Fund Films That Promote Peace
South Africa: New film tackles the burning issue of date rape
Woman plays the Blessers Game
Mysterious Zuma-infused reality series films at Nkandla
MTF West Africa Class of 2018 film screening
MBC To Launch New Channel In North Africa
Lumen TV goes live in Zambia
Lupita Nyong'o's take on Chimamanda's Americanah for HBO will help Hollywood's Africa blind spot
Ford Boyard Africa now on Canal+ in Africa
The Wendy Williams Show renewed for another two seasons across Sub-Saharan Africa
'Adorned By Chi': Anime-Inspired 'Nigerian Magical Girl' Franchise Being Developed For Film/TV, Animation And More
New talent reality TV series 'Calling The Called' to be launched in SA
South Africa's SABC Secures Deal To Bring Some Rugby World Cup Games To Radio
One Africa TV inked a live streaming and VOD deal with TV2Africa.com
Arabsat wins compensation from BeIN in piracy dispute, rejects new allegations over BeoutQ
Media Stakeholders Urge Malawi Govt To Introduce TV Institute To Boost Industry
Canon and the Kenya Film Commission (KFC) have agreed to collaborate to accelerate the development of the film industry in Kenya
Opportunties


The applications for the Ruth Pretty Palmer and Emerging Leader Awards are now open.
Our chapters won big at the 2017 Grand Convention in Hollywood, Florida.
Alpha Delta Pi denounces the hatred displayed in Charlottesville, VA over the weekend.
During Grand Convention, Alpha Delta Pi honored our alumnae.
Alpha Delta Pi honored our chapters at both District Leadership Conference and Leadership Seminar this year.
Click here to apply for the Ruth Pretty Palmer Award.
Click here to apply for the Emerging Leader Award.
Alpha Delta Pi denounces the hatred displayed in Charlottesville, VA over the weekend. Violence and bigotry have no place in our communities and we want to show our support for everyone affected by the actions of hate that took place. Alpha Delta Pi promotes the education and development of women at the collegiate level and beyond. In our members' pursuit of personal growth, there is no room for racism or discrimination.
The Creed of Alpha Delta Pi calls on our members to watch their attitudes toward fellow-beings, and we believe this statement knows no bounds. We encourage our members to speak up in opposition to hate and any dialogue contradicting our principles.
During Grand Convention, Alumnae Associations and individuals were recognized for all of their hard work this biennium. Awards were passed out at the Diamonds Award Banquet on July 1st, 2017 in Hollywood, Fl.
Lollie serves as the Zeta Omega House Corporation President a member of the 175th Anniversary Committee, is the Fundraising Chair for the Epsilon Lambda Scholarship Fund, a loyal donor to the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation, has attended both Grand Convention and Leadership Seminars, served as the Greater Orlando Alumnae Association, is a loyal donor to the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation, and always remembers to ReMember, paying her ReMember dues each year.
Bonnie is the current President of the Greater Atlanta Area Alumnae Association. Bonnie's former roles include member of the Technology Committee, Collegiate Province Director, serving as the Associate Executive Director on the Executive Office Staff and Ritual, Heritage and History Director, Chair. Bonnie has also attended Leadership Seminars and Grand Conventions, pays her ReMember Dues on a regular basis and is a Foundation Donor.
Jo Ellen is the Former Alpha Delta Pi Foundation Vice President of Philanthropy and has served as an Alumnae Director. She is a loyal Alpha Delta Pi Foundation donor having been a member of the Wesleyan Society Member and a charter member of the Summit Society. She pays her ReMember dues regularly and has attended several Grand Conventions and Leadership Seminars.
Betty is the President of the Springfield, OH Alumnae Association. She was a longtime advisor to Chi chapter, an Alumnae Regional Director and a charter donor to the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation.
Sue currently serves as the President of the Dandy Lions, a group of former International Officers, and is a past National Finance Supervisor, now called a Chapter Finance Director. A Foundation Donor for the last 30 years, Sue was a charter Foundation Donor and Wesleyan Society Member, as well as a member of the "We Believe" Committee. She pays her ReMember dues regularly and has attended Grand Convention several times.
Anne has served the sorority in many areas. She served on Grand Council, is a past President of the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation Board of Trustees, the board's former Vice President of Scholarships and Grants, and was a "We Believe" Steering Committee member. She has served as an IMPACT Alpha Delta Pi facilitator, an Alumnae District Director, and is a recipient the Ruth Pretty Palmer Panhellenic Award. She pays her ReMember dues regularly and has attended both Grand Conventions and Leadership Seminars.
Connie is a former International Officer, serving in the role of Panhellenic Relations Director. She is a loyal Foundation donor, has attended both Grand Convention and Leadership Seminar, aids in the planning and execution of Oklahoma State Day, and was awarded both the Dorothy Shaw Leadership Award and Ruth Pretty Palmer Panhellenic Award.
Magellan serves as the Standards Advisor for Gamma Chi chapter at TCU and is the former Social Advisor for Eta Phi chapter at Furman University. She contributes to the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation as a member of the Octavia Andrew Rush Society. Magellan is also a regular ReMember dues contributor.
Cookie has been the ADPi representative for the Indianapolis Alumnae Panhellenic since 1986. She served as the President in 2000. She served on the IAP Centennial Celebration Committee and wrote the history of the IAP for the celebration.
Ms. Murray has a professional record of over thirty-five years in senior-level advancement at major education and health institutions throughout America. Colette began her professional career as a criminal defense attorney. Not long after, she was recruited to serve as the first legal counsel for the UC Berkeley campus. She initiated her advancement career as Executive Director of the Cal Alumni Association. She has served as the senior advancement executive at UC Santa Cruz, University of Louisville, Texas Tech University, Henry Ford Health System, and Sharp HealthCare. Administrative responsibilities for these organizations have primarily included Fundraising and Alumni Affairs. Ms. Murray has a long history in leadership positions with professional philanthropic organizations. She is the only professional in history to serve as board chair of both the Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP), an international organization with 30,000 members and Council for the Advancement & Support of Education (CASE). She received the nationally acclaimed Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh Award for her leadership as a CASE Trustee. Colette was a member of the board of the Association of Healthcare Philanthropy (AHP) Foundation. She is past president of the Health Systems Development Network of AHP whose members include all of the top senior philanthropy executives managing health systems nationally and she is a past member of the AHP Board of Directors. She has had a long and active role as member and chair of the AFP Ethics Committee and has led numerous workshops on ethical issues and case studies on ethics in philanthropy. Ms. Murray has been on the faculty for dozens of CASE, AFP and AHP conferences and has also taught fundraising management at Texas Tech University, Wayne State University and UC San Diego. Ms. Murray is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley and has a law degree from the University of San Francisco. Ms. Murray has been, a certified fundraising executive (CFRE) for the past twenty years. Ms. Murray is an alumnus of Leadership America, Leadership Texas, Leadership California, and LEAD San Diego. She currently is a member of three boards and believes very strongly in volunteerism and diversity. She was President of San Diego Breakfast Rotary in 2000-2001. She is founding board member of the Desert Cities Chapter of AFP. As CEO of Paschal Murray, Inc., Ms. Murray oversees a distinguished and varied staff of professionals and support personnel. Her goal for Paschal•Murray is to remain the most dedicated and ethical executive search firm in the nation and provide clients with exceptional personal services.
In recognition of National Philanthropy Day, the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation is excited to announce and recognize the donors who helped us reach and exceed our $10,000,000 We Believe Campaign Goal for the future of Alpha Delta Pi.
This five-year comprehensive campaign was initiated in August 2013 and publicly announced at the Sorority's 164th Grand Convention in June 2015 with more than $6,000,000 in gifts and pledges committed at that time. The Foundation's goal was reached more than a year earlier than was initially planned and projected.
Named the We Believe Campaign, the overarching appeal to donors was the ability to designate their gift – impacting all areas of Foundation support. With a comprehensive appeal, donors were encouraged to make gifts of any amount through ongoing support of the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation's Annual Fund, to establish or help create restricted funds, or with documented estate gifts by donors age 65 and older.
Led by Campaign Chair and Foundation Trustee Tracy L. Garner (Zeta Omicron – Georgia Institute of Technology, 1978), this Campaign was the single-largest fundraising effort in the history of Alpha Delta Pi.
Two new history endowments ensuring the Sorority's place in history continues to be an educational focus.
More than 6,200 new donors from August 1, 2013 – August 21, 2016.
A highlight of the $10,226,600 We Believe Campaign total, was a one-day total of $393,680 received from 1,718 gifts on the Alpha Delta Pi Foundation's Inaugural Day of Giving. The 27-hour We Believe. We Give. Day of Giving was largely successful thanks to more than 153 digital ambassadors who took to email, text messages and social media to encourage their sisters, friends and family to donate in support of Alpha Delta Pi.
In addition to the $10,226,600 received through the We Believe Campaign, Alpha Delta Pi chapters and alumnae associations have also raised more than $3,901,424 for our philanthropic partner Ronald McDonald House Charities and other non-profit beneficiaries.
A We Believe Campaign Celebration was held in late August, with plans to continue the celebration across the country through the Sorority's Grand Convention in June 2017.
Avenue. Read the press release here.
For more information about the project, please contact the Campaign Coordinator, Krystal Pittenger, at krystalp@penningtonco.com.
These awards are organized in chapter order.
On Wednesday, July 27th, Executive Office was pleased to release the brand new, first ever international recruitment video. With the help of chapters and volunteers, we designed this video to be used as a comprehensive look into what Alpha Delta Pi is all about so that chapters can share it with Potential New Members. We hope you enjoy the video! Watch it here.
In March, NPC's Board of Directors approved a government relations strategy. The Government Relations Task Force then developed a formal government relations platform taking great care to incorporate the priorities of the member organizations as shared through recent surveys. This three-pillar platform, intended to guide the government relations work of NPC, was approved at the May Board of Directors meeting.
The Alpha Delta Pi Foundation held its first Day of Giving on July 13th, 2016, with a goal to raise money for our various scholarships, grants, funds, and other needs for the sisterhood. We can proudly say that we shattered records with our total of $393,581, making it the most successful Day of Giving for any Greek organization ever. We are First. Finest. Forever thanks to our wonderful volunteers, sisters, and staff! Thank you all!


text:
Q: Where to start for NodeJS? I have been working with standalone applications for past 2 years, and have lost touch with all sorts of web applications/services. I heard this NodeJS,AngularJS being popular amongst my peers, where to begin from? I have an interview for NodeJS 4 days later? Tell me all that I should read and please suggest a small project too that I can do on it to learn well? Thanks..

A: For my personal experience I think that you should start to learn about the core of Node.JS both C++ and JavaScript, how it integrates with the V8 Engine (Javascript interpreter) and what new language features were implemented and why they are what makes Node.JS an amazing environment and Javascript an Server Side Language.
Then learn why they call itself  asynchronous and event-driven framework. This is essential to learn how the framework works.
Go deep into module.export and require function
Have fun understanding how NPM packages work together
But as long as you only have 4 days I would recommend you to buy a proper course in Udemy or something like, grab some bags of your favorite Doritos flavor, some beverages and get in love with Node.JS


text:
Q: Not able to Pass Switch Parameter from Command Shell Prompt I have a PowerShell script which has couple of parameters including a switch parameter.
The below command executed within PowerShell works as expected:
  \\localhost\Test\Code\DataPullResults.ps1 -TestName 'Test survey' -QUser 'sdasch@gmail.com' -SqlServerInstanceName localhost -SqlDatabaseName MyDatabase -Load:$True -ErrorAction Continue;

But when I ran the same command from command prompt I get an error:
\\localhost\Test\Code\DataPullResults.ps1 : Cannot process
argument transformation on parameter 'FullLoad'. Cannot convert value
"System.String" to type "System.Management.Automation.SwitchParameter".
Boolean parameters accept only Boolean values and numbers, such as $True,
$False, 1 or 0.

Below is the command which I have used to execute from the command prompt:
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File \\localhost\Test\Code\DataPullResults.ps1 -TestName 'Test survey' -QUser 'sdasch@gmail.com' -SqlServerInstanceName localhost -SqlDatabaseName MyDatabase -Load:$True -ErrorAction Continue;

Here Load is a Switch Parameter.

A: powershell.exe does not fully evaluate script arguments when the -File parameter is used (source). So you should use -command instead:
powershell.exe -Command \\localhost\Test\Code\DataPullResults.ps1 -TestName 'Test survey' -QUser 'sdasch@gmail.com' -SqlServerInstanceName localhost -SqlDatabaseName MyDatabase -Load:$True -ErrorAction Continue;

But beside that, note that you don't have to pass a boolean to a switch value. That means, if you omit -Load, $load will be set to $false. And if you pass -Load (without  $true), it will get set to $true.
Aslo, did you noticed, that you are calling powershell.exe twice?
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe powershell.exe


to find the code snippet.
You have the option to enter the website name and URL, survey timing, and survey frequency.
Click on the "Activate survey" button when ready.
Once you find the code snippet on top of the setup page, copy and paste it into your web page, just before the closing </head> tag. If your website uses templates to generate pages, enter it just before the closing </head> tag in the file that contains the <head> section.
If you have any questions, please read our Help Center article to learn more.
We're now offering webmasters an easy and free way to collect feedback from your website visitors with website satisfaction surveys. All you have to do is paste a small snippet of code in the HTML for your website and this will load a discreet satisfaction survey in the lower right hand corner of your website. Google automatically aggregates and analyzes responses, providing the data back to you through a simple online interface.
Users will be asked to complete a four-question satisfaction survey. Surveys will run until they have received 500 responses and will start again after 30 days so you can track responses over time. This is currently limited to US English visitors on non-mobile devices. The default questions are free and you can customize questions for just $0.01 per response or $5.00 for 500 responses.
To set up the survey code, you'll need to have access to the source code for your website.
Sign into Google Consumer Surveys for website satisfaction to find the code snippet.
If your site violates our Google Quality Guidelines or did in the past, a manual spam action may be applied to your site to prevent spam in our search results. You may learn about this violation from a notification in Google Webmaster Tools, or perhaps from someone else such as a previous owner or SEO of the site. To get this manual action revoked, first make sure that your site no longer violates the quality guidelines. After you've done that, it's time to file a reconsideration request.
Should I file a reconsideration request if I think my site is affected by an algorithmic change?
Reconsideration requests are intended for sites with manual spam actions. If your site's visibility has been solely affected by an algorithmic change, there's no manual action to be revoked, and therefore no need to file a reconsideration request. If you're unsure if it's an algorithmic change or a manual action, and have found issues that you have resolved, then submitting a reconsideration request is fine.
How can I assess the quality of a site's backlinks?
The links to your site section of Google Webmaster Tools is a great starting point for an investigation as it shows a significant amount of your site's inbound links. If you know that you ran an SEO campaign during a particular period of time, downloading the latest links can come handy in slicing links created at that time. Using the links found in Google Webmaster Tools, we recommend looking for patterns that point to general issues that are worth resolving. For example, spammy blog comments, auto generated forum posts or text advertisements with links that pass PageRank are likely to be seen as unnatural links and would violate Google's quality guidelines. For individual examples and hands-on advice we recommend getting help of peers and expert webmasters on the Google Webmaster Forum.
How do I clean a bad backlink profile?
Make sure to identify poor links first, then make a strong effort to get them either removed or nofollowed. Then use the Disavow Links Tool to deal with remaining unnatural backlinks. We recommend using domain-wide operator for sites with a complicated URL structure, very obvious spam sites, such as gibberish content sites or low quality sites with content that shows no editorial value. See our video on common mistakes when using the disavow tool for more information.
How much information do I need to provide?
Detailed documentation submitted along with a reconsideration request can contribute to its success, as it demonstrates the efforts made by the webmaster and helps Googlers with their investigation. If you are including a link to a shared document, make sure that it's accessible to anyone with the link.
How long does it take to process reconsideration requests?
Reconsideration requests for sites affected by a manual spam action are investigated by a Googler. We strive to respond in a timely manner, normally within just a few days. However, the volume of incoming reconsideration requests can vary considerably, hence we don't provide a guaranteed turnaround time.
What are the possible outcomes of a reconsideration request?
Upon submitting a reconsideration request, you will first receive an automated confirmation in Google Webmaster Tools. After your request is processed, we'll send you another message to let you know the outcome of the request. In most cases, this message will either inform you that the manual action has been revoked or that your site still violates our quality guidelines.
Where can I get more guidance?
For more information on reconsideration requests, please visit our Help Center. And as always, the Google Webmaster Forum is a great place for further discussions as well as seeking more advice from experienced webmasters and Google guides.
When talking to site owners on Google Webmaster Forums we come across questions on reconsideration requests and how to handle backlink-related issues. Here are some common questions, along with our recommendations.
When should I file a reconsideration request?
If you use Google Tag Manager to add and update your site tags, now you can quickly and easily verify ownership of your site in Webmaster Tools using the container snippet code.
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To do this, you must have "View, Edit, and Manage" account level permissions in Google Tag Manager.
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Smartphone users are a significant and fast growing segment of Internet users, and at Google we want them to experience the full richness of the web. As part of our efforts to improve the mobile web, we published our recommendations and the most common configuration mistakes.
Avoiding these mistakes helps your smartphone users engage with your site fully and helps searchers find what they're looking for faster. To improve the search experience for smartphone users and address their pain points, we plan to roll out several ranking changes in the near future that address sites that are misconfigured for smartphone users.
Let's now look at two of the most common mistakes and how to fix them.
This kind of redirect disrupts a user's workflow and may lead them to stop using the site and go elsewhere. Even if the user doesn't abandon the site, irrelevant redirects add more work for them to handle, which is particularly troublesome when they're on slow mobile networks. These faulty redirects frustrate users whether they're looking for a webpage, video, or something else, and our ranking changes will affect many types of searches.
Avoiding irrelevant redirects is very easy: Simply redirect smartphone users from a desktop page to its equivalent smartphone-optimized page. If the content doesn't exist in a smartphone-friendly format, showing the desktop content is better than redirecting to an irrelevant page.
We have more tips about redirects, and be sure to read our recommendations for having separate URLs for desktop and smartphone users.
If you recognize a user is visiting a desktop page from a mobile device and you have an equivalent smartphone-friendly page at a different URL, redirect them to that URL instead of serving a 404 or a soft 404 page.
Make sure that the smartphone-friendly page itself is not an error page. If your content is not available in a smartphone-friendly format, serve the desktop page instead. Showing the content the user was looking for is a much better experience than showing an error page.
Incorrectly handling Googlebot-Mobile. A typical mistake is when Googlebot-Mobile for smartphones is incorrectly redirected to the website optimized for feature phones which, in turn, redirects Googlebot-Mobile for smartphones back to desktop site. This results in infinite redirect loop, which we recognize as error.
Avoiding this mistake is easy: All Googlebot-Mobile user-agents identify themselves as specific mobile devices, and you should treat these Googlebot user-agents exactly like you would treat these devices. For example, Googlebot-Mobile for smartphones currently identifies itself as an iPhone and you should serve it the same response an iPhone user would get.
Unplayable videos on smartphone devices. Many websites embed videos in a way that works well on desktops but is unplayable on smartphone devices. For example, if content requires Adobe Flash, it won't be playable on an iPhone or on Android versions 4.1 and higher.
Although we covered only two types of mistakes here, it's important for webmasters to focus on avoiding all of the common smartphone website misconfigurations. Try to test your site on as many different mobile devices and operating systems, or their emulators, as possible, including testing the videos included on your site. Doing so will improve the mobile web, make your users happy, and allow searchers to experience your content fully.
As always, please ask in our forums if you have any questions.


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text:
Брова́нова () — присілок у складі Голишмановського міського округу Тюменської області, Росія.

Населення — 74 особи (2010, 81 у 2002).

Національний склад станом на 2002 рік:
 росіяни — 64 %

Примітки

Джерела

Населені пункти Голишмановського міського округу
Присілки Тюменської області

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Omaha Central students walkout in support of gun control
Hundreds of Omaha Central students walkout
Student protesters at Omaha Central spoke with one voice to Nebraska lawmakers on Friday, they are telling them to vote for gun control legislation or risk getting voted out of office.
"Seeing that the students of Nebraska care enough, I think hopefully that will strike something in their hearts and they'll show enough compassion for the students so we don't have to live in fear in our schools," says junior Sabina Eastman.
Organizers say they are asking for specific things. They want the purchasing age for assault weapons to to go from 18 to 21 and they do not want teachers carrying guns in school.
They think they can get what they want after being inspired by the survivors of the Parkland shooting.
"They have shown us that although we're students, although we may not be voting age, we still have a voice, we still matter, we're still constituents," says senior Nick Koehler
Administrators at Central say that the protest was incredibly orderly and that they did not try and stop it from happening.
"If they want to protest and leave school, they can do it, our goal is to make sure they're safe but also work with them on things such as clarity of message," Principal Ed Bennett.
That gun-control message was then delivered to Senator Deb Fischer's Omaha office after the walkout by around 50 students.
"This showed that we just didn't ditch class, this shows that we went and actually made change afterwards."


text:
Nicotine Standard for Combusted Cigarettes Could Have Major Economic Impacts on Tobacco Growers
A. Ford Ramsey
JEL Classifications: Q18, Q11, I18
Keywords: Agricultural policy, Nicotine standard, Public health, Tobacco
Citation: Ramsey, A.F. 2019. "Nicotine Standard for Combusted Cigarettes Could Have Major Economic Impacts on Tobacco Growers." Choices. Quarter 3. Available online: http://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/submitted-articles/nicotine-standard-for-combusted-cigarettes-could-have-major-economic-impacts-on-tobacco-growers
On March 16, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an advance notice of a potential product standard for combusted cigarettes (83 FR 11818, 2018). The proposed rule would limit the amount of nicotine allowed in cigarettes; the FDA also sought information on whether the scope of the proposed standard should be expanded to cover cigars, pipe tobacco, and other tobacco products. Nicotine is the addictive chemical in cigarettes. If the nicotine content is substantially limited, the cigarette becomes nonaddictive or minimally addictive. The FDA believes that a dramatic reduction in nicotine will prevent smokers from achieving sustained addiction. While a product standard limiting nicotine content could have significant public health implications, it is also likely to have negative economic impacts on tobacco growers.
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 (Pub. L. No 111-31) gave the FDA the ability to regulate tobacco products. Although the legislation initially allowed the FDA to regulate cigarettes, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco, regulatory authority has since been expanded to include nearly all tobacco products (such as hookah and pipe tobacco) as well as other emerging devices such as e-cigarettes and nicotine gel packs. The legislation allows the FDA to set requirements on nicotine levels in the products under its purview. However, FDA is restricted from "requiring the reduction of nicotine yields of a tobacco product to zero" (Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, Pub. L. No 111-31). The language in the legislation leaves open the possibility of nicotine levels so close to zero that the product is unlikely to sustain addiction.
The FDA does not have the authority to directly regulate farm production practices. However, tobacco manufacturers effectively manage such practices through the nature of the production contracts they sign with growers. This provides a mechanism for any product standard to be passed on from regulators to manufacturers and then to growers. In light of this link, this article discusses the implications for tobacco growers of limited nicotine in combusted cigarettes. We first provide a brief summary of the potential proposed rule and the current state of the tobacco leaf market. We then suggest two avenues through which the economic welfare of tobacco farmers could be affected. Welfare losses to farmers would likely arise through decreases in domestic demand for legal cigarettes and increased production costs for tobacco leaf. These losses should be balanced against any public health benefits when considering a potential product standard.
Potential Rulemaking
The FDA issues an advance notice of proposed rulemaking when it is considering implementing a policy change. The advance notice period allows for members of the public, researchers, and industry stakeholders to enter comments on the proposed rule. The FDA's advance notice of proposed rulemaking on a tobacco product standard for nicotine level of combusted cigarettes sought comments on nicotine levels in the range of 0.3–0.5 milligrams of nicotine per gram of tobacco filler (83 FR 11818, 2018). Over a three-month comment period, the notice attracted strong interest, with 7,729 public comments. In contrast to the nicotine levels suggested by the FDA, standard cigarettes have roughly 14–20 milligrams nicotine per gram of tobacco filler, assuming 0.7 grams of tobacco per cigarette; this is well above the 0.2–0.3 milligrams nicotine per gram of tobacco believed to be below the addiction threshold (Benowitz and Henningfield, 1994). The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested nicotine reduction as a global policy, referring to a threshold around 0.4 milligrams nicotine per gram of tobacco filler (WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation, 2015).
In terms of scope, the product standard would cover combusted cigarettes. However, the FDA sought information on whether the standard should include roll-your-own tobacco, cigars, pipe tobacco, and waterpipe tobacco. The advance notice also requests research in terms of implementation, technical achievability, and a variety of additional considerations. Among these considerations is the impact that a reduction in nicotine levels could have on tobacco growers. Two of the most important components of a proposed rule will be the scope (products affected) and the maximum amount of nicotine allowed in the products. These components will have direct impacts on the efficacy of the rule in terms of reduced smoking and will likely generate welfare losses to tobacco manufacturers and farmers.
Assessing the economic impact of a nicotine standard is difficult because there are many variables that affect tobacco markets and little available research on reduced-nicotine products. However, standard economic tools allow for the direction of the impact (either a gain or a loss) to be determined after making some simplifying assumptions. The gist of the advance notice is that the nicotine content in cigarettes will be low enough that the tobacco product is nonaddictive and cannot be used in such a way as to provide meaningful nicotine absorption. Under this policy, the two main factors affecting growers are likely to be domestic cigarette demand and changes to cost of production.
Schmitz et al. (2013) conducted a cost–benefit analysis of the impact of different demand and supply factors on tobacco markets and discussed some basic analytical tools. Tiller, Feleke, and Starnes (2011) estimated that if domestic demand for cigarettes fell by 10% and cost of production increased by 30%, tobacco revenue would fall between roughly 7% and 9.5%. The nicotine standard could result in an even more dramatic decrease in domestic demand, suggesting even larger losses in terms of revenue. However, most available estimates of the responsiveness of tobacco supply and demand to price changes were calculated prior to the tobacco buyout, had a wide range, and may not be relevant in the current market environment (Goodwin and Sumner, 1990; Brown, Snell, and Tiller, 1999; Fulginiti and Perrin, 1993). This is because—until 2004—tobacco production was subject to a quota system that limited the amount of tobacco any one producer could grow. The tobacco program ended in a buyout of quota rights and substantial changes in tobacco markets (Brown, Rucker, and Thurman, 2007).
Figure 1. 2017 Tobacco Production by County
Source: USDA-NASS, 2019.
Impacts on Domestic Demand
The clearest avenue for the nicotine standard to affect leaf growers is through decreased demand for tobacco leaf. Three main types of tobacco are grown in the United States: flue-cured, burley, and dark tobacco. The types produced for combustible cigarettes are flue-cured and burley. Production of tobacco is heavily concentrated in North Carolina, Virginia, and Kentucky, although the 2017 Census of Agriculture reports tobacco production in 18 states. Figure 1 shows the value of production by county in the top four states in terms of sales.
Demand for tobacco leaf is a derived demand (see Box 1). The demand for tobacco is derived from the demand for cigarettes, cigars, and other tobacco products. Some of this demand is domestic and some is excess demand from the rest of the world. End users purchase tobacco either through direct contracts with growers or through middlemen who have direct contracts with growers. This supply chain links the markets for tobacco leaf and tobacco products, so that any impacts in the end markets are transmitted to farmers.
Derived Demand: The demand for an input to production is often referred to as a derived demand because the quantity and price of the input in the market are directly impacted by demand for the final product. Demand for the input can be more or less elastic than the demand for the product from which it is derived.
Table 1. U.S. Cigarette Production, Consumption and
Tobacco Production
Source: USDT-TTB, 2019 and USDA-NASS, 2019.
Table 1 shows total U.S. domestic cigarette production and consumption and tobacco production, compiled from the U.S. Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau Monthly Statistical Release for Tobacco (2019) and U.S. Department of Agriculture – National Agricultural Statistics Service Quick Stats (2019). The table shows declining cigarette production and domestic demand. The quantity of leaf produced has also declined, but the table should reinforce the point that only a portion of U.S. tobacco is used for domestic cigarette production. Through the derived demand mechanism, the decline in cigarette consumption has resulted in changes to tobacco production and a decrease in the number of tobacco farms. Other important factors in reducing the number of tobacco farms include reduced profit margins, labor supply issues, and increased wages for agricultural labor as well as a reduction in price competitiveness relative to major international producers.
A majority of cigarette users smoke for the delivery of nicotine; however, other cigarette users only smoke occasionally—often for social reasons. While light and intermittent smokers may comprise 25%–33% of all smokers, they are unlikely to account for a significant volume of cigarette purchases (Coggins et al., 2009). Frequent smokers, primarily smoking for nicotine consumption, have the greatest impacts on cigarette demand. Even though they may account for only a small portion of cigarette purchases, light and intermittent smokers may be more sensitive to changes in the price of cigarettes. A nicotine product standard accompanied by an increase in the price of cigarettes could potentially affect the purchasing behavior of smokers in both groups.
Low-nicotine cigarettes of the type described in the proposed rule can be viewed as a low-quality nicotine-delivery mechanism. Quality as defined in this context should be taken to refer only to nicotine content and not to sensory experience or quality of the tobacco leaf (although a nicotine reduction could also result in reduced consumer acceptability in terms of other characteristics). This reduction in quality will cause a decline in the demand for legal cigarettes as consumers substitute to other sources of nicotine. Other sources include black-market cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff, and other tobacco products. Consumers might also increase the number of cigarettes they smoke to sustain addiction, potentially increasing cigarette purchases and leaf usage. The end result depends on whether the proposed standard extends to legal cigarette substitutes, the degree of substitution between cigarettes and other products, and whether the nicotine level is low enough that addiction cannot be sustained.
Figure 2. Effect of Decreased Demand for Cigarettes
As the demand curve for legal cigarettes shifts, it induces a shift in the demand curve for tobacco leaf (see Figure 2 for a graphical representation of the tobacco market). The market for leaf is shown as derived from the demand for cigarettes, and it is easy to trace out the effect of a decline in cigarette demand on the tobacco leaf market. As demand for cigarettes shifts from D1 to D2, so does the demand for tobacco leaf. This leads to a lower market quantity of tobacco leaf, a lower market price, and a decline in revenue to tobacco growers.
The demand curve for cigarettes would not only shift under a nicotine standard but would also become more elastic because cigarettes would presumably be minimally addictive. Increased elasticity results in a larger response in terms of quantity demanded. In terms of welfare effects, tobacco growers suffer welfare losses. By welfare losses, we mean a reduction in producer surplus: an additional private benefit that accrues to producers when the price in the market is above the minimum price for which they would be willing to supply tobacco.
In 2018, the total value of the U.S. tobacco crop was just under $1.1 billion (USDA-NASS, 2019). The size of the crop was 533 million pounds. Only a portion of the tobacco leaf is used for domestic purposes; around 50% to 70% is exported. Burley is more commonly used for domestic production, while flue-cured is mostly exported, so declines in domestic consumption would more strongly impact burley producers. If the nicotine product standard resulted in a complete decline in domestic demand, and assuming that 60% of tobacco is exported, then the immediate economic impact would be a loss of $440,000,000 of revenue at current levels of production.
Impacts on Cost of Production
In addition to changes in domestic demand for tobacco leaf, low-nicotine requirements could also impact tobacco growers' production practices. Provided that producers still wished to sell their leaf for tobacco products consumed in the United States, they would most likely be required to comply with specific practices aimed at lowering nicotine content. The FDA has proposed several possible avenues for producing products that comply with the standard, including processing the leaf after harvest, changing production practices on the farm, or development of varieties of tobacco with low nicotine content. In most cases, these changes would result in increased cost of production for growers or costs that would likely be passed through from the manufacturer. There is limited evidence that any combination of these practices could consistently reduce nicotine content to meet the levels proposed by the FDA in the current production environment (Lewis, 2018).
If the nicotine standard were implemented using cross-breeding, genetic engineering, or changes to growing and harvesting practices, then cost of production could be directly impacted. Some specific practices suggested in the advance notice include once-over harvesting, high plant density, or no topping. There is little available research on the efficacy of these practices at reducing nicotine levels in tobacco or their impacts on yields and quality. Lewis (2018) discusses the possibility of genetic modification to achieve low nicotine levels in tobacco. While genetic modification may be able to produce tobacco with low nicotine content, it brings a number of additional economic considerations.
Growers of genetically modified tobacco could see increased production costs because of intellectual property rights and licensing requirements. Most of the largest importers of U.S. tobacco refuse to purchase genetically modified leaf. In many countries, genetically modified imports are legally prohibited. Growers would have to choose between producing for the domestic or foreign market. They would also run the risk of a potential ban on exports if segregation between genetically modified and nongenetically modified tobacco could not be maintained. Even trace amounts of genetically modified crops can be enough to cause significant trade disruptions (Gunther, 2007; Johnson, 2013). Such disruptions could impact foreign demand for U.S. tobacco, again resulting in a decline in demand in the tobacco market and a loss in producer welfare.
Figure 3. Effect of Increased Production Costs
Changes in terms of production practices and varieties could also affect the risk associated with tobacco production. It could be more difficult to consistently grow tobacco that yields the same quantity, and the variation in yield could be more pronounced. Such risks could be lessened over time as more research on low-nicotine tobacco is conducted. If the cost of production were to increase, then leaf growers would supply less tobacco at every possible price. As shown in Figure 3, the supply curve of tobacco shifts to the left resulting in less tobacco supplied to the market, a higher price for tobacco leaf, and an ambivalent result in terms of total revenues accruing to tobacco growers.
The outcome in terms of revenue and producer surplus depends on the elasticity of demand for tobacco. Revenues would increase if demand remained inelastic after the regulatory change. But, as explained previously, the demand curve would most likely shift back and become more elastic. The more likely end result of these coincident responses to the policy change is losses to producer surplus.
Tobacco in the 21st Century
Following the end of the tobacco program in 2004, U.S. tobacco production has become increasingly concentrated. From an industry that had 16,234 farms in 2007, only 6,237 farms remained in 2017. Tobacco is no longer sold through auctions in large warehouses but is primarily sold through direct contracts. The first two decades of the twenty-first century have seen watershed changes in the structure of tobacco markets and the demand for tobacco products. While these changes have often been spurred by government policy, they have also been driven by the development of alternative products for nicotine delivery and technological change.
The proposed rule limiting the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products is intended to reduce addiction to harmful products and allow consumers to more easily lower or eliminate their use of cigarettes. Standards for nicotine content will have indirect and potentially significant impacts on farmers. Domestic demand for cigarettes—and along with it, the domestic demand for tobacco—is likely to fall dramatically. Production costs for low-nicotine tobacco are likely to be higher than those for standard tobacco, at least in the near term. The market for domestic tobacco could be significantly reduced outside of use of noncombusted products. Provided that genetic modification is not used to implement the standard, growers would still have access to export markets that currently account for a portion of leaf grown in the United States.
An alternative to conventional cigarettes, which could be a source of demand for leaf, are heat-not-burn tobacco devices. Such devices contain tobacco, which is heated to produce an aerosol that contains nicotine. The tobacco in the device is not combusted, and heat-not-burn products typically use 33%–55% of the tobacco used in a conventional cigarette. However, heat-not-burn products are currently classified as cigarettes for tax purposes and could potentially be affected by an expanded nicotine standard. The FDA approved a heat-not-burn device for sale in the United States on April 30, 2019, implying that it views the device as appropriate for the protection of public health. Modified-risk tobacco product applications for heat-not-burn devices have not yet been approved; these would allow the manufacturer to gain authorization for a relative-risk claim on the product. Heat-not-burn devices have seen increased penetration in some markets (such as Japan), but it is still unclear how low-income cigarette consumers in the United States will respond to this higher-priced product (Du and Huang, 2019).
More research is needed to understand the potential impacts of a product standard for combusted cigarettes on tobacco growers. At this point, any ex ante analysis is likely to require strict assumptions and will have to rely on the limited data available on tobacco markets since the buyout. A starting point for a more detailed analysis would be estimates of elasticities of supply and demand for tobacco leaf in the market as it stands today. In addition, it will be important to know how cigarette consumption is affected by nicotine content and the degree to which consumers are willing to substitute between conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn devices.
83 FR 11818. 2018. Tobacco Product Standard for Nicotine Level of Combusted Cigarettes: A Proposed Rule by the Food and Drug Administration.
Benowitz, N.L., and J.E. Henningfield. 1994. "Establishing a Nicotine Threshold for Addiction– The Implications for Tobacco Regulation." New England Journal of Medicine 331(2): 123–125.
Brown, A.B., R.R. Rucker, and W.N. Thurman. 2007. "The End of the Federal Tobacco Program: Economic Impacts of the Deregulation of US Tobacco Production." Review of Agricultural Economics 29(4): 635–655.
Brown, A.B., W.M. Snell, and K.H. Tiller. 1999. "The Changing Political Environment for Tobacco—Implications for Southern Tobacco Farmers, Rural Economies, Taxpayers, and Consumers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 31(2): 291–308.
Coggins, C.R., E.L. Murrelle, R.A. Carchman, and C. Heidbreder. 2009. "Light and Intermittent Cigarette Smokers: A Review (1989–2009)." Psychopharmacology 207(3): 343–363.
Du, L., and G. Huang. 2019, April 24. "Imperial Brands Jumps into Japan's Crowded Heated-Tobacco Market." Bloomberg.
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, Pub. L. No 111-31.
Fulginiti, L., and R. Perrin. 1993. "The Theory and Measurement of Producer Response under Quotas." Review of Economics and Statistics 75(1): 97–106
Goodwin, B.K., and D.A. Sumner. 1990. "Market Supply Parameters under Mandatory Production Quotas." Unpublished manuscript.
Gunther, M. 2007, July 9. "Attack of the Mutant Rice." Fortune.
Johnson Jr., A. 2013, May 30. Japan Ban Hurts U.S. Wheat Futures. Wall Street Journal.
Lewis, R.S. 2018. Potential Mandated Lowering of Nicotine Levels in Cigarettes: A Plant Perspective. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21(7): 991–995.
Schmitz, A., D. Haynes, T.G. Schmitz, and E.D. Schmitz. 2013. "The US Tobacco Buyout: A Partial and General Equilibrium Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 45(3): 411–419.
Tiller, K.J., S.T. Feleke, and J.H. Starnes. 2011. "Economic Welfare Effects of the FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products on Tobacco Growers." Review of Applied Economics 7(1): 39–54
U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2019. Quick Stats. Available online: https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/
U.S. Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. 2019. Monthly Statistical Release for Tobacco. Available online: https://www.ttb.gov/tobacco/tobacco-stats.shtml
WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. 2015. Advisory Note: Global Nicotine Reduction Strategy. Available online: https://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/prod_regulation/nicotine-reduction/en/
A. Ford Ramsey (aframsey@vt.edu) is Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
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After delving into the research on berberine for diabetes, it really is quite amazing to see it's potential to help control blood sugar levels as effectively as metformin and other medications.
To confirm the research-based benefits of berberine in clinical practice, I spoke to two physicians about berberine, Dr. Ralph Esposito, Naturopathic Physician and Licensed Acupuncturist, and Dr. Mona Morstein, Naturopathic Physician and Author.
Right out of the gate, Dr. Esposito shares that he prescribes berberine to his patients on a regular basis. So too does Dr. Morstein.
Of course, no supplement routine is going to perform miracles without adherence to a great nutrition program.
But when nutritional changes and berberine are combined, "I find these two combinations work exceptionally well and most of my patients are eventually able to get off most of their medications for diabetes," says Dr. Esposito.
And as already suggested above, berberine has even been shown to outperform several medications.
Curious to learn more? Keep on reading as we explore berberine in detail.
Berberine is a bitter substance so it's best take in capsule form.
Berberine is a compound originally extracted from the Chinese herb – coptis chinensis (Huanglian). But according to Dr. Morstein, it can be found in many different botanicals: Barberry, Oregon Grape, Goldenseal, Chinese goldthread, California poppy, and others.
Even though berberine may be new to you, it has been around for a long time – being used in folk medicine, along with traditional Chinese, Indian and Middle-Eastern medicine for over 400 years.
And of course, the most interesting benefit to you as a person with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, is berberines' ability to help improve blood glucose control.
Quite amazingly, berberine has been shown to help control blood sugar levels as effectively as metformin – one of the most widely-prescribed diabetes drugs worldwide.
Researchers compared the glucose-lowering effects of berberine and metformin in newly diagnosed adults with type 2 diabetes, over the course of 13 weeks.
The randomized groups were given either 500 mg of berberine per day, 3 times per day, or 500 mg metformin, 3 times per day after meals. If people experienced any gastrointestinal side effects from the berberine, their dosage was reduced to 300 mg, 3 times per day.
The results at the conclusion of the study showed that the glucose-lowering effect of berberine was highly similar to that of metformin. And in fact, outperforming it for A1c reduction!
"This study of berberine against metformin at equal doses was very impressive, with berberine lowering A1C by 2%, which is higher than any conventional oral hypoglycemics have been shown to lower A1C in the same time," says Dr. Morstein.
The same study also set a secondary study with combination therapy, adding 500 mg of berberine alongside metformin for an additional 5 weeks. Fasting blood glucose showed a dramatic reduction and A1c reduced by 0.8%.
Berberine vs metformin – 500 mg per day, 3 times per day berberine vs 0.75 g metformin – no difference in fasting blood glucose and A1c – meaning they performed the same.
Berberine vs rosiglitazone – Two clinical trials demonstrated that berberine performs better than the medication rosiglitazone for lowering fasting blood glucose, with no difference between the two for A1c reductions.
Berberine vs glipizide – no significant difference in the fasting blood glucose outcomes for groups.
Berberine + metformin vs metformin – 5 trials have demonstrated combination therapy improves fasting blood glucose and A1c more than using metformin alone.
Berberine + glipizide vs glipizide – one trial has shown that combo therapy may be more beneficial for lowering postprandial blood glucose.
To help get your head around how berberine works, let's do a quick recap of insulin and insulin resistance.
Insulin is the hormone produced by your pancreas that is needed to help glucose (sugar) move out of your bloodstream and into the cells (such as muscle and liver cells). On the outside of cells lies 'insulin receptors' and under normal circumstances, insulin acts as the key to unlock the cells so that clearing of the bloodstream can occur.
There's just one problem: when you have type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, chances are you have insulin resistance. This means insulin does not unlock the door. Your cells don't respond.
Another important thing to recognize is it's not just the pancreas and insulin involved here. Your liver plays a critical role in insulin resistance, along with energy metabolism as well.
"In Western botanical medicine, berberine is considered an "alterative," that is, an herb that helps support the functioning and health of the liver, and the production and secretion of bile. The liver is a key organ for insulin resistance, and most obese patients have fatty liver. Therefore, supporting liver health and functioning is an added bonus to using berberine," adds Dr. Morstein.
Indeed, research on liver cells shows that berberine increases the expression of insulin receptors by as much as 40%, making them more sensitive to insulin so they can unlock those cell doors.
Similarly, berberine also improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells, increasing the activity of glucose transporters, and therefore improving overall glucose metabolism.
Additionally, berberine alters glucose metabolism by stimulating glycolysis – a pathway of nutrient metabolism that can become disrupted in diabetes and prediabetes. Glycolysis is the pathway that assists with utilizing and storing glucose in the body.
Another function of berberine is it suppresses gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose in the liver. If you have high morning blood sugar levels, this is often the result of gluconeogenesis – your liver producing glucose, along with your body's lack of ability to hormonally counteract/control these effects.
In any case, the results of studies clearly show that berberine could be a beneficial inclusion to your diabetes or prediabetes treatment plan, either in solo or as a combo therapy alongside the medications you already take.
Yes, that's right. You can even take it alongside medications you already take, as the studies above showed. And these effects are being seen in real life scenarios.
"Oftentimes my diabetic patients are already taking prescription medications for their diabetes," says Dr. Esposito. "I have seen berberine work exceptionally well alone, and I often begin first with berberine capsules and nutritional therapy. If those are not providing benefit, I find berberine to work well with Metformin as well. Generally berberine is safe and effective with other diabetic drugs," he says.
Of course, it's always recommended to work with your doctor if you're considering taking any supplements, especially if you currently take medications.
Please pin, tweet or share; then keep reading about it's other benefits below.
As already indicated above, the influence of berberine doesn't stop at better blood glucose control.
In terms of weight, berberine helps prevent fat deposits by influencing cellular regulators of fat accumulation, and by downgrading inflammation – a known driver of obesity.
In a 12 week study in obese adults, 500 mg of berberine 3 times per day produced a modest weight loss of 5 pounds (2.2 kg).
Another study in men and women with metabolic syndrome, given 300 mg of berberine 3 times per day for 3 months, showed an improvement in Body Mass Index (BMI), along with a reduction in belly fat.
In terms of cholesterol improvements, researchers suggest berberine helps stabilize the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) messenger RNA – yes, very scientific but important because these mechanisms assist the body to regulate cholesterol more efficiently.
One study in rats found that combining berberine with the cholesterol lowering drug known as simvastatin (a statin) improved the cholesterol-lowering effect of the drug and produced a 31.8% reduction in LDL cholesterol, which was more effective than either of the therapies used alone, producing an average 28% reduction.
The researchers then went on to test these effects in hypercholesterolemic patients and also found a positive result – the combo therapy produced a 31.8% reduction in LDL cholesterol.
A review of several clinical trials confirms that taking berberine alone was more effective than taking lipid lowering drugs. And not surprisingly, taking lipid lowering drugs + berberine was more effective than taking lipid lowering drugs on their own.
The development of many of the associated diabetic complications is due to endothelial dysfunction, or in other words, damage to the lining of the blood vessels in your body.
This includes complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and nephropathy.
Berberine has been shown to improve entdothelial function, which subsequently reduces risk of damage and may even restore function on various levels.
In terms of heart disease, lowering cholesterol and blood glucose protects you. And we already know berberine can help with that. But additionally, researchers suggest berberine directly protects the cardiovascular system by directly modulating sympathetic heart activity – this basically means there is some influence on the bodies sympathetic nervous system.
And in rats, this effect has been shown to reduce the impact of heart attacks.
In rats, berberine has been shown to improve renal function in nephropathy. And nerve conductivity in neuropathy.
One of Dr. Esposito's areas of specialization in clinical practice is helping men overcome erectile dysfunction in diabetes – yes urological issues are a complication of diabetes.
He suggests that his patients see great improvements when taking berberine accompanied by lifestyle changes, saying they usually come off any medications they are taking for the condition.
"People with high glucose levels have decreased immune system functioning, so boosting immune protection by way of altering gut bacteria is another benefit of berberine. Berberine is an anti-inflammatory agent as well. It can lower inflammatory molecules that promote insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and depression," adds Dr. Morstein.
Possible side effects include gastrointestinal problems such as constipation, stomach cramps, nausea and diarrhea.
"I always recommend people eat their meal and then take any product with berberine in it; that usually helps a lot with tolerance to it," advises Dr. Morstein.
Berberine can also interact with a certain class of antibiotics called macrolide antibiotics.
Berberine should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Most studies suggest a dosage recommendation of 3 separate doses of 500 mg of berberine daily. Or if you experience stomach upset, a reduced amount of 300 mg 3 times per day.
Both Dr. Morstein and Esposito confirm that this the dosage used in clinical practice to produce effective results with their patients.
When you regain good control, you should be able to come off supplements, just as you do with medications. However, both doctors also agree that taking berberine long term is safe and preventative if necessary.
Just be aware, "berberine is very, very bitter so taking it in capsules is best, vs. herbal tinctures, or even worse, a tea," informs Dr. Morstein.
And remember, supplements are there to provide assistance but are best used in conjunction with diet and lifestyle changes.
Please pin, tweet or share this info to help others – thanks!
There is no true "cure" for reversing diabetes from a diagnosis stand point. However, berberine can certainly be one piece of your treatment plan that helps bring your levels back to normal range– but you will need to pair it with a healthy diet and plenty of exercise. Make sure to check with your doctor prior to starting any new supplements.
I have been recently diagnosed as Type 2 diabetes. I am taking Trulicity , can I use Berberine in conjunction with Trulicity. I also have severe acid reflux and heartburn, and have had stomach issues since my 20's and have been diagnosed with IBS.
You'll need to check with your doctor, Vicci. He or she will need to take all of that into account prior to making a recommendation on the berberine.
I was diagnosed with high blood sugar. My numbers were right at the diabetic level. My doctor gave me 3 months to try and lower it on my own. I researched supplements and found an article for Berberine. I took 500 mg Berberine every day with a low carb diet and dropped my blood sugar numbers to normal. My liver numbers were also elevated and those numbers returned to normal at the end of the 3 months.
YES, fantastic isn't it Rachelle. Berberine works effectively for many people.
Try dropping your sugar, grains and white potatoes. It worked miracles for my blood sugars.
Is berberine at all effective on high blood pressure? I am a type 2 diabetic who has finally brought my blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides down to near normal after many years of struggling with it. But the blood pressure has now gone up higher than it has ever been. Still working with doctor. Was on Lisinopril 5 mg for a year (and even that dose brought bp too low sometimes). Then bp started to go up. Was switched to Losartan and increased it to 100 mg and it still wasn't working. Back to Lisinopril and now on 40mg and it's only helping a little. I want to be so happy about the other lower numbers, and most especially my energy coming back after being so fatigued since 2012. It's very perplexing. I read about berberine from Dr. Mercola, and he does say it can lower bp. Do you agree?
Hi Karen, during the course of our research we did not find a ton of strong evidence to support the use of berberine for hypertension (high blood pressure.) There are a lot of great animal studies coming out, which may mean promising things as far as future research, but I do believe we need to see a little bit more evidence before making the claim that berberine lowers blood pressure.
Check out this article on blood pressure which includes a few dietary suggestions as well as some additional supplements you may want to consider.
Is berberine effective for someone on both Metformin and insulin?
As you read in the article, berberine is very effective for many. The one caution is that you need to check with your doctor, because you are on medication your doctor may need to adjust your medication so that your blood sugar doesn't drop too low. Do not attempt to adjust on your own!
We do not promote a particular brand, so whichever is most easily accessible for you is a perfect choice. As mentioned in the article, the taste of berberine can be very strong, so picking a capsule will be better tolerated compared to a tincture or tea.
Do you think i should try Berberine?
John, it's always recommended to check with your doctor if you're considering taking any supplements! Through a combination of diet, exercise, and possibly medication and/or supplements your goal is to maintain a near normal A1c level, ideally under 6%.
Thanks for all the wonderful information. I've really learnt a lot by reading your articles. I will appreciate it if you could please comment on coconut water for type 2 diabetics. What is its effect on glucose levels in the body? Is it ok for diabetics to consume? Thanks.
For some, coconut water can be included as part of a healthy diabetic diet. You need to check the nutrition label carefully and make sure it pure 100% coconut water, without any added sugar. In small amounts it may have some benefits. We've previously written an article about coconut water which you may find interesting!
A very in depth article and I've learned a lot about how berberine can help lower my high bs counts in the morning. Thank you so much for your on going educational info on how to take care of blood sugar levels and so many other conditions that affect many people!
can it be used in conjunction with metformin?
Yes berberine can be used in conjunction with metformin, if you read above, studies show that when taken with other meds like metformin, it enhances the outcomes for people. Just be aware it's important to inform your healthcare team that you are taking this supplement and be aware of monitoring your levels. Since they are both effective at lowering blood sugar levels, the combination of the two could lead to hypoglycemia (blood sugar levels that are lower than ideal) in some.
I am hypoglycemic with fairly good numbers. My A1c is 4.7. Would Berberine be a bad idea for someone like me? I have been experiencing insulin resistant symptoms as well, and hoped that Berberine might be the answer. However, if it only lowers and doesn't Addapt the blood sugar, I could see this being a problem. Most research I've read has not answered this question. What do you think?
Hi M. Since berberine is a highly effective blood sugar-lowering agent, it is not suitable for a person who is hypoglycemic.
Do you have any recommendations for brands of Berberine? I would like to try it, and want to choose a high quality supplement.


You can order online through our online shop or simply call our free phone number 0800 574 574. Our agents will take and place your order which will then be delivered within 5 working days (often earlier) by your local Flogas cylinder depot. You can also set up an online account by registering through our My Account portal where you will also be able to make a payment to your account and view previous orders.
Will I be charged for the cylinder itself?How many litres does my cylinder hold?Which cylinder brands do we accept as a return?


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Q: How do I get about making my Wordpress site make its data available via REST based web services? Do I just map URL to a function with mod rewrites or is there a better way?

A: Some plugins: http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/search.php?q=REST&sort=


Behind scenes documentary showing Sheku's return to his hometown Nottingham, for his sold-out concert and live recording of the Shostakovich Cello Concerto - the same piece that propelled him to stardom after winning BBC Young Musician of The Year. This forms the centrepiece for his debut album, 'Inspiration'.
Black Sabbath's The End captures the band's final concert in Birmingham, as well as intimate documentary content following the story of their final ever tour in the months building up to the historic night.


LG's latest flagship smartphone, LG V40 ThinQ is now available on Amazon.in. The LG V40 ThinQ was launched in October last year and it comes with triple rear camera set-up and dual selfie camera set-up. The smartphone is currently available exclusively on Amazon in Blue and Grey color options for INR 49,990 and as a part of Great India Sale here are some of the launch offers which you can avail.
Amazon Prime members can grab the smartphone early on 19th January 2019 and for non-prime members, the sale starts on 20th January.
The LG V40 ThinQ comes with a 6.4-inch QHD+ FullVision display(3120 x 1440p) with 19:9.5 aspect ratio. Under the hood, it is powered by an Octa-core Snapdragon 845 processor clocked at 2.8GHz along with Adreno 630 GPU. The device comes with a 6GB RAM, 128GB internal storage with microSD card support up to 2TB. It runs on Android 8.1 Oreo with LG's proprietary skin- LG UX and the Pie update should be coming out soon. The fingerprint scanner is placed at the rear of the device. It comes with 3,300mAh battery with Qualcomm Quick Charge 3.0, fast wireless charging and USB Power Delivery support. Coming to the camera department, the V40 ThinQ features a triple rear camera – 12MP+16MP+12MP set-up. One of the 12MP(45°) sensor is a telephoto zoom lens, f/2.4 aperture, and the other 12MP(78°) sensor being a primary one with 1.4µm pixel size and f/1.5 aperture. At the center, there is a 16MP(107°) wide angle lens with a f/1.9 aperture. The device comes with a dual 5MP+8MP selfie shooters- an 8MP primary sensor with f/1.9 aperture and the secondary 5MP sensor with f/2.2 aperture and 90° wide-angle lens, dual PDAF, and OIS+. Some of the camera modes include – Portrait selfie, wide-angle selfie, 2X optic zoom, 107° super wide angle, f/1.5 angle, triple shot(super wide, standard, telephoto) with just single click, cine shot which allows animating a specific area in a photo with a touch motion, and AI portrait mode.
Further, the smartphone is IP68 Water and dust resistant rated and also MIL-STD 810G certified. It houses a 3.5mm audio jack and comes with a 32-bit Advanced Hi-Fi Quad DAC as well as BoomBoxSpeakers as seen on the G7+ ThinQ. It also comes with DTS:X 3D sound. Other features include 4G VoLTE, Wi-Fi 802.11 ac (2.4GHz and 5GHz), Bluetooth 5 LE, GPS, NFC, USB Type-C.


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Cenntro iChassis Moves EV Maker into AV Realm
Mike Geylin
Commercial Vehicles, Interviews
FREEHOLD, N.J. — Cenntro Electric Group Limited (NASDAQ: NAKD made a splash at CES with the introduction of its iChassis, an electric autonomous (AV) "skateboard" chassis developed for low-speed commercial applications to be conceived by clients.
Historically, the Freehold, N.J.-based company, which went public late last year, has been producing and developing low-speed battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) for the urban/suburban commercial logistics market, a segment for which the iChassis is intended.
The BRAKE Report caught up with Marianne McInerney, Cenntro CMO, for a rundown on the company's status as it enters this busy next phase which includes adapting to public ownership, the rollout of new Class 2 and Class 4 vehicles and further development of the iChassis.
"Cenntro launched in 2013 with a firm focus on commercial vehicles; that's always been the focus of the company," said McInerney. "We launched with the Metro, a low-speed vehicle in 2014 that I like to say has more applications than a Swiss army knife [as customers have used in a myriad of businesses].
"And the drive system has about 19 million miles driven, which we are extremely proud of. It allowed us to work on all aspects of our business, from technology to sourcing to our manufacturing."
She said the steady progress has provided the smooth transition into launching two new vehicles: the LS 200, a Class 2 commercial vehicle which came to market in November, and the LS 400 Class 4 vehicle which is coming soon. Both are offered in various configurations – van, cab-and-chassis — to allow customers to tailor them to their needs.
"All of our vehicles are really focused on logistics; the ability to move goods from point A to point B, and to do so in a sustainable way," she explained. "[The LS 200] was purpose built for Europe, really for the density of their streets, and really responding to what we're hearing from the market. Year to date. We have delivered 200 vehicles from its time of launch, which only occurred in early November, and we have a great demand for those vehicles."
The next offering will be the LS 400, which she said is: "designed for robust duty cycles, supports a range of applications, food and beverage, parcel delivery, linen delivery, maintenance and waste management. But it provides fleets with a quality and safe vehicle that offers a really solid range. So, the range right now is about 124 miles, the payload is about 5600 pounds and top speed is 62 miles per hour."
Focusing on the logistics arena made development of an autonomous electric vehicle, with robust Artificial Intelligence (AI), a logical progression for Cenntro, which unveiled its foundation for such a creature – the iChassis – earlier this month at CES in Las Vegas.
AV Market to Grow by 36%, $37B Value by 2023
"We're really excited by the AI chassis because we think it really opens up a new answer to last-mile logistics and allows companies to really focus in a different way on gaining efficiencies both in delivery and on how they use personnel and resources," said McInerney. "And we're excited by the response that we've had. We think it can be used for again, many municipal services like street sweeping, not very sexy, but it's a reality.
"We love the mobile locker concept. And we're talking to several companies that would like to pilot that program."
The mobile locker would deliver packages to a consumer. When the mobile locker arrived at the consumer's location, the consumer would use his/her phone to "unlock" their specific locker on the vehicle and take out their package.
The company hopes to have the iChassis in pilot programs and on the road in a year as it steadily grows, becoming more self-sufficient.
"If we talk in a year, I'd probably tell you that we are developing our own battery packs at that time just to, again, create a little more reliance on ourselves and a little better, better control," said McInerney, who indicated Cenntro is also building factories to produce vehicles. "We intend to have six plus assembly points globally."
One of those factories is being constructed in the Jacksonville, Fla. Region, the company's first in the U.S.
Today, McInerney feels the company is a success.
"We're a quiet company, we really are focused on delivering the vehicles on time and at the price that we internally target. We are very focused on R&D and the supply chain at all times. We are not about hype, we're not really about brand recognition. What really makes us tick is that the vehicles that we deliver will have a place in the market. And you know, candidly, will stand the test of time."
For a more thorough overview of Cenntro, its EV and AV products, click on the YouTube video.
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In the race for ever-thinner displays for TVs, cell phones and other gadgets, Sony may have developed one to beat them all — a razor-thin display that bends like paper while showing full-color video. Sony Corp. released video of the new 2.5-inch display Friday. In it, a hand squeezes a display that is 0.3 millimeters, or 0.01 inch, thick. The display shows color images of a bicyclist stuntman and a picturesque lake. Although flat-panel TVs are getting slimmer, a display that's so thin it bends in a human hand marks a breakthrough. Sony said it has yet to decide on commercial products using the technology.
The rise of human intelligence in its modern form reshaped the Earth. Most of the objects you see around you, like these chairs, are byproducts of human intelligence. There's a popular concept of "intelligence" as book smarts, like calculus or chess, as opposed to say social skills. So people say that "it takes more than intelligence to succeed in human society". But social skills reside in the brain, not the kidneys. When you think of intelligence, don't think of a college professor, think of human beings; as opposed to chimpanzees. If you don't have human intelligence, you're not even in the game. Sometime in the next few decades, we'll start developing technologies that improve on human intelligence. We'll hack the brain, or interface the brain to computers, or finally crack the problem of Artificial Intelligence. Now, this is not just a pleasant futuristic speculation like soldiers with super-strong bionic arms. Humanity did not rise to prominence on Earth by lifting heavier weights than other species.
Physicists are now foretelling the death of cosmology, or the study of our universe, as we know it. Thankfully, cosmologists won't be jobless for a couple trillion years. The universe is rapidly expanding–perhaps not rapidly enough to rip to shreds, but enough that distant galaxies will eventually be moving away faster than the speed of light. This much has been known for decades. Once all these galaxies blink out of existence, scientists ask in an upcoming issue of The Journal of Relativity and Gravitation, how will future intelligent beings study space if the human race's knowledge is long gone? Will they be able to figure out if the Big Bang happened? Or rediscover relativity?
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope, scheduled for launch in 2013. JWST will find the first galaxies that formed in the early Universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way Galaxy. JWST will peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the Milky Way to our own Solar System. JWST's instruments will be designed to work primarily in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with some capability in the visible range. JWST will have a large mirror, 6.5 meters (21.3 feet) in diameter and a sunshield the size of a tennis court. Both the mirror and sunshade won't fit onto the rocket fully open, so both will fold up and open only once JWST is in outer space. JWST will reside in an orbit about 1.5 million km (1 million miles) from the Earth.
Could magnetic tapes, hard drives and optical disc formats like Blu-ray be replaced by a data storage format that uses holograms? The world's first commercial holographic storage system is launched this autumn, with the product able to store the equivalent of 64 DVD movies on a disc about the size of a CD.
300 FEET BELOW MEYRIN, Switzerland — The first thing that gets you is the noise. Physics, after all, is supposed to be a cerebral pursuit. But this cavern almost measureless to the eye, stuffed as it is with an Eiffel Tower's worth of metal, eight-story wheels of gold fan-shape boxes, thousands of miles of wire and fat ductlike coils, echoes with the shriek of power tools, the whine of pumps and cranes, beeps and clanks from wrenches, hammers, screwdrivers and the occasional falling bolt. It seems no place for the studious.
When astronomers look into the night sky, almost every single galaxy is speeding away from us, carried by the expansion of the Universe. There's one notable exception; though, the massive Andromeda galaxy (aka M31), which is speeding towards us at a rate of 120 km/s. And some time in the next few billion years, our two galaxies will collide and begin the lengthly process of merging together. Our Sun, and even the Earth should still be around, so it begs the question, what will happen to our Solar System?
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