text:
Tether's Bank Says It Invests Some Customer Funds in Bitcoin
Nikhilesh DeJan 14, 2021
story from Policy & Regulation
FTC: Butterfly Labs Case Not Part of 'War on Bitcoin'
Stan Higgins
Sep 24, 2014 at 3:25 p.m. UTC Updated Sep 25, 2014 at 3:36 p.m. UTC
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced yesterday that it had shut down Butterfly Labs following approval by a US judge, and for many outraged customers, the closure is the end of a long period of uncertainty.
Though initially a market leader in the bitcoin mining space, the last few months of the Missouri-based company's operations were defined by manufacturing delays, troubled public image efforts and looming legal problems.
Speaking to CoinDesk, FTC attorney Leah Frazier, who works for the agency's Division of Financial Practices, said that the investigation began after it received a groundswell of consumer complaints. The FTC itself serves as a repository for US consumers who wish to report instances of fraud, identity theft or unfair business practices, though it cannot resolve individual complaints.
Frazier said that the investigation into Butterfly Labs had less to do with its involvement in the digital currency industry, and was more about uncovering whether a US business was engaging in illegal activities. Ultimately, she said that Butterfly Labs failed to meet the commitments it made to its customers.
Frazier explained:
"Even though the case involves bitcoin, [the investigation] is about a company that made misrepresentations to consumers about when machines would be delivered and failed to delivery by that time or deliver at all."
Representatives from the mining product manufacturer issued a statement contesting both the closure and the agency's characterization of Butterfly Labs as a "bogus" company. Further, it called the move part of the agency's forthcoming "war on bitcoin", which it predicted would begin with its company.
Asset seizure underway
The FTC has indicated that Butterfly Labs' assets have been temporarily frozen until a 29th September hearing. The 10-day restraining order could be extended, during which time investigators will continue developing their case against Butterfly Labs.
Notably, the FTC revealed that the Butterfly Labs leadership – composed of board members Darla Drake, Sonny Vleisides and Nasser Ghoseiri – may have collected as much as $50m in customer funds for products that were never delivered.
During a Twitter Q&A, one user asked if the FTC was investigating allegations that Butterfly Labs owns secret bitcoin wallets. The agency said only that it was "tracing the company's assets".
Refund interruption fears
The FTC's move to freeze the company's finances has raised concerns regarding the future of its refund payments, which many customers are still seeking.
Frazier told CoinDesk that currently, all funds previously in control of Butterfly Labs are being held until the hearing later this month.
"The accounts are frozen right now and the receiver is in control of the business. So, we can't make any predictions on an ongoing basis as to the status of the refunds. A lot of that will hinge on the court's decision."
When asked if the move to place the company in receivership was in the best interest of the company's customers, Frazier noted that Butterfly Labs hadn't made good on its promises to issue refunds to date.
Butterfly Labs refutes closure
Hours after the FTC action was announced, Butterfly Labs went on the offensive to denounce the US government agency, alleging that it "acted as judge, jury and executioner" by freezing its assets.
Butterfly Labs explained:
"Butterfly Labs is being portrayed by the FTC as a bogus and fake company. To the contrary, Butterfly Labs is very real. As pointed out in court filings Butterfly Labs made last night, Butterfly Labs has shipped more than $33m in products to customers and voluntarily granted refunds approximating $17m to customers for cancelled orders."
The company said that, prior to being shutdown by the FTC, it was in the process of sending out shipments and filing refunds "when the FTC effectively closed the doors of Butterfly Labs without any chance to be heard in court".
When asked if the FTC was in effect calling Butterfly Labs a fraudulent company, Frazier said that the agency acted based on how the business was behaving toward its customers.
She concluded:
"We just look at the misrepresentations that the company makes [to] consumers and whether, ultimately, it fulfilled the promises it made. So, whether or not the company is bogus or a scam isn't the issue. The issue is about whether they accurately represent information that would be material to consumers making decisions."
Image credit: Cvandyke / Shutterstock.com
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text:
Celebrate This Nation's Heritage This Independence Day
Today, July 4th, we are celebrating a special birthday — the launching of a new nation that would become the world's greatest exemplar of freedom and democracy. In our modern world, it is easy to lose sight of the challenges that faced our fore-fathers, and the continuing burdens we all share, as Americans, to maintain the struggle for freedom, both at home and abroad. It is more important than ever that we remember the ideals on which the nation was founded, and remember that our nation became great through the efforts and talents of a free citizenry, not through an all-powerful central government.
In the Beginning — Overcoming Great Odds
In a July 4th speech, Navy Lt. Ellen Connors wrote: "Our nation declared its independence in order for our families to live free –- not just for one generation but for future generations. And what odds [the founding fathers] faced. It must have seemed impossible. Our forefathers went up against the world's most colossal empire since ancient Rome. No colony had ever successfully left a mother country to set up a self-governing state."
The National Guard, Heritage Paintings Collection. Battle of Long Island by Domenick D'Andrea.
The Price of Freedom… The Pride of A Nation
Here is a selection from Daniel Webster's July 4th, 1851 Oration. His words ring true even now:
On the 4th of July, 1776, the assembled Representatives of the United States of America in Congress declared that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FREE and INDEPENDENT States. This Declaration, made by most patriotic and resolute men, trusting in the justice of their cause and the protection of Heaven, and yet made not without deep solicitude and anxeity, has now stood for seventy-five years, and still stands. It was sealed in blood. It has met dangers, and overcome them; it has had enemies, and conquered them; it has had detractors, and abashed them all….
Every mans' heart swells within him… as he remembers that seventy-five years have rolled away, and that the great inheritance of liberty is still his — his, undiminished and unimpaired, his in all its original glory; his to enjoy; his to protect; and his to transmit to future generations.
Celebrate Our Nation's Heritage This Independence Day
Celebrate Independence Day — And Remember Our Heritage
This Independence Day, Remember Our Nation's Heritage
Celebrate Independence Day Today
Celebrate the 4th of July — And Remember Our Heritage
Share the post "Celebrate This Nation's Heritage This Independence Day"
Tags: 4th July, Declaration Independence, Independence Day, Revolution
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our family company Poplimont Ltd. was founded in 1981 by Philippe Poplimont. We are a team of skilled professionals who offer customized services for the sale, rental, Rental Management Services, inventory, expertise and EPC certificates.
Our motto: "Just relax, we are handling everything". Our company and our services are based on the dialogue, which allows us to understand your needs and to answer appropriately.
You own a property you want to buy or rent them but you do not know the value of it?
Since November 2011 the energy performance certificate is mandatory for sale and rent.
Our motto: "Just relax, we are handling everything for you". Our company and our services are based on the dialogue, which allows us to understand your needs and to answer appropriately.
Copyright © 2015 Poplimont. Powered by Omnicasa.


This was written in September 2000.
It seems like every time I find a search engine that does The Job, somebody buys it and it goes to hell. Or it goes to hell and somebody buys it.
Doc goes on to rebuke most major search engines - Infoseek, HotBot, AltaVista, Go, DirectHit, making nice observations about marketing, exposure, targeting, and portals. Those concepts are not necessarily maleficent, but they have led the mentioned Search Engines totally astray. Of course it all fits in a bigger picture: companies need to make money, and the business models on the Internet are still exceptionally inadequate, as they are mostly about portals and banners. I appreciate the goal of making money, as I highly value the services offered by a good search engine. Someone has to pay for that, and I am willing to contribute if possible. But what probably happened is that some of the big search engines wanted to empty really deep pockets. For this sake, both investors and the parties themselves were lead to believe that it is possible to embellish a web-site to the point where it becomes a kind of virtual Info Disney Land that web surfers will love to cruise forever. The point is, they don't, because the Info Disney Land inevitably turns out to be a horrifically conconcted monstrosity. The way I contribute now is by using Google exclusively - I will give FAST a shot every now and then as well.
All major search engines that I know of, except for Google and now FAST, try to stuff me with cookies and pop-up windows, work up a lot of content huffing and portal puffing, and one even automatically transfers me to a page I don't want to visit. It's Lycos that pulls that last one on me, apparently they think I should only visit their incredibly nice content-enhanced fancy, funky, and frilly Dutch Portal , because someone with a '.nl' suffix has no business searching stuff in other languages or countries. Lycos is really ready and warmed up for the Internet age.
Lycos is not just a search engine, it is your personal guide to Internet. I bet their target is to eventually deploy a fantastically intelligent agent, wizard, assistant, or whatever, at my home computer, that will know and answer my every need. It will surely be capable of intelligently learning my preferences, and when it finds some other person with a similar profile it will inform me of the marvelous opportunity to meet someone just like me! Maybe our assistants will exchange preferences, and I might even get to know a piece of music in one of the styles that I like! This is one of the more usual themes sung when industry leaders are asked to spare a thought on how software will change our lives. It's less than dumb.
A related theme is found in the design of certain electronic gadgets that people are supposed to wear in some strange future, in a so called intelligent house. The gadget will again know my preferences, and wandering through the house (my own or somebody else's), music, lighting, and temperature will adjust itself to my preferences. This is really suffocating and nauseating at the same time, don't these people (industry leaders, brainstormers, futurologists) understand that such a persistently friendly house would drive me crazy? What's wrong with suprises, new horizons, and the pleasure of finding out?
The connection may seem dim. However, elevator music aims to be unobtrusive to as many people as possible, whereas this personal gadget thingy is meant to be pleasantissimo to the one and only centre of the Universe, namely I, you, or anyone. The result is the same: all excitement gone. And there is little point in predicting how I like to be suprised or excited. I mean, we are confronted with ourselves often enough, are we not? Please no more?
Another nuisance is that Internet providers and service providers on the Internet seem to suffer from the illusion that they have to have content in a portal so that customers or visitors will start to hang out there. They better wake up, because their efforts are usually pitiable, and breach the rule that dedicated efforts by really dedicated parties (dedicated for other reasons than luring people to hang out, for example because they like the subject themselves) are more interesting and invariably qualitatively superior. Dedicated parties such as pointed to in the destinations section.


text:
(Alison Griffin to fill in names) (Name)'s youngest son walks to his temporary shelter from the skeleton of his three storied house that was severely damaged during the floods in September in Abikarpora village on the Dal Lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, as seen here on 25th March 2015. Since the flood, she has been widowed, and is left with four young children and no home. Her family now lives in a temporary shelter built using the emergency shelter kit, and continues their recovery...
(Alison Griffin to fill in names) (Name)'s youngest son walks to his temporary shelter from the skeleton of his three storied house that was severely damaged during the floods in September in Abikarpora village on the Dal Lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, as seen here on 25th March 2015. Since the flood, she has been widowed, and is left with four young children and no home. Her family now lives in a temporary shelter built using the emergency shelter kit, and continues their recovery with the help of relief kits such as education kit, food basket, hygiene kit and non-food items from Save the Children. Photo by Suzanne Lee for Save the Children


The original series premiering and A&E, FRONTLINE PILOTS takes views into the cockpit of the hottest jets in the world to see military aviation - and combat - first hand. The most comprehensive review of the world's elite fighting jets, FRONTLINE PILOTS is narrated entirely by real combat pilots. It's wall-to-wall action in one of the most acclaimed series featuring the hottest, in-your-face, turning-and-burning military jets.


Generally, developers and users should follow standard guidelines of Software Development and Software Engineering when writing code for Framsticks. However, a list of Framsticks-specific, recurring issues is provided here.
This option is available for all users of Framsticks. You can write scripts without much knowledge about programming (knowing notions of "procedure", "variable", "condition", "loop" etc. would be helpful).
Although scripts are often considered "quick and dirty" method of programming, it is only true for short pieces of code. When programming experiment definitions (.expdef files) or complex macros, you should actually pay more attention to Good Programming Practices, i.e. make a plan of what you want to do, think twice about how to make it in the simplest and most efficient way, etc.
Use Framclipse. It will help you avoid errors while you write, as FramScript engine in Framsticks does not check for errors thoroughly. You have to pay more attention to detail when programming in FramScript.
This probably means using parts of SDK.
Don't duplicate functionality. If it is already provided, use it. Or inherit from some existing class to extend functionality.
If you are using a non-gcc compiler as default, compile your code under gcc with the -pedantic option just to ensure the code is portable and to fix all glitches.
Test thoroughly outside of Framsticks. Make loops and leave your code running for hours.
Use valgrind during these tests. This will save you lots of time on debugging, looking for bugs, resource leaks etc.
We pay much attention to the quality of source code. Make your code as good as the rest of the code. Adding imperfect sources to a system of such complexity will not be beneficial.
Read examples. There are lots of existing pieces of code available, and most probably things similar to what you are trying to obtain have already been done.
Use proper letter case. You will not notice any problems under Windows, but other systems distinguish between mytexture.png and MyTexture.png - check the file names you use or your scripts/code may not work for others.
If you have doubts or are unsure about choosing the best approach, don't hesitate and ask macko, this can save your time!


Thu, 22:22: Gnite world, and have an awesome tomorrow. See you tomorrow at #FurMore18!
Fri, 08:12: Then there was that time there was a Bond movie with David Niven, Peter O'Toole, and Orson Welles, and it was terrible.
Fri, 10:34: At #FurMore18! Waiting to get my badge. Let's do this thing!


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}

The charmonium, $H_c$, production in the $p\bar{p} \to H_c X$ (the $X$ is a light meson) reaction is an interesting tool to gain a deeper understanding of the strong interaction and also of the nature of the hadrons~\cite{Lundborg:2005am}. There is a forthcoming experimental effort, the Anti-Proton Annihilations at Darmstadt ($\rm{\bar{P}}$ANDA), dedicated to this reaction~\cite{Lutz:2009ff}. On the theoretical side, there exist several previous studies of this reaction. In Ref. \cite{Gaillard:1982zm}, Gaillard and Maiani first estimated differential cross sections for the process of $p\bar{p} \to \psi \pi^{0}$ in the soft pion limit. In Refs.~\cite{Barnes:2006ck,Barnes:2007ub,Barnes:2010yb}, it was pointed out that, with these $N^*N\psi$ couplings extracted form the corresponding $\psi \rightarrow \bar{p}N^*$ decays, the contributions of intermediated $N^*$ resonances and the nucleon pole to the process $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi X$ can be investigated. Then, Lin, Xu, and Liu~\cite{Lin:2012ru} considered the contributions of the intermediate nucleon pole and the effect of form factors (FFs) on charmonium production in the low-energy $p\bar{p}$ interaction at $\bar{\mbox{P}}$ANDA. It was shown that the effect of the FFs is significant. In Ref. \cite{Pire:2013jva}, Pire {\it et al.} studied the associated production of a $J/\psi$ and a $\pi$ through antiproton-nucleon annihilation in the framework of QCD collinear factorization.

Since the experimental data on the $\psi \to p \bar{p} X$ decays become rich, we can consider the contributions from nucleon resonances in the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi X$ reaction where parameters can be fixed through the process of $\psi\rightarrow p\bar{p} X$. Indeed, in Refs.~\cite{Wiele:2013vla,Xu:2015qqa,Wang:2017sxq}, the authors have calculated the cross sections of the processes $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \pi^{0}$, $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3770) \pi^{0}$ and $p\bar{p}\rightarrow Y(4220) \pi^{0}$, respectively, where the contributions from the intermediate nucleon resonances were considered. And it was found that the contributions from these nucleon resonances are non-negligible. Their contributions will significantly change the angular distributions of the $\bar{p} p \to \psi X$ reaction.

The experimental results of both the CLEO and BESIII Collaborations \cite{Ablikim:2013vtm,Alexander:2010vd} show that the nucleon resonance $N(1535)$ has a significant contribution in the decay of $\psi(3686) \rightarrow p\bar{p}\eta$. This may be because of the large coupling of $N(1535)$ to the $\eta N$ channel. As a matter of course, we will consider that $N(1535)$ may have a significant contribution in the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction.
Along the above line, in this work, we will calculate the production cross sections of the process $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ within the effective Lagrangian approach and also give the angular distributions, where the contributions from the nucleon pole and three $N^{*}$ states are considered. We consider the contributions from nucleon resonances $N(1520)$ $(\equiv D_{13})$ with $J^{P}=\frac{3}{2}^{-}$, as well as $N(1535)$ $(\equiv S_{11})$ and $N(1650)$ $(\equiv S_{11})$ with $J^{P}=\frac{1}{2}^{-}$, which have appreciable branching ratios for the decay into the $\eta N$ channel. On the other hand,  there are unknown model parameters, which will be determined through fitting the experimental data of $\psi\rightarrow p\bar{p} \pi^0$ and $\psi\rightarrow p\bar{p} \eta$ decays.

This article is organized as follows: First, the formalism and ingredients of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ within the effective Lagrangian approach are presented in Sec. \ref{sec2}. In Sec. \ref{sec3}, we fit the experimental data on the $\psi \to p\bar{p} \pi^0$ and $\psi \to p \bar{p} \eta$ decays to determine these unknown parameters. In Sec. \ref{sec4}, we show the numerical results and make a detailed discussion. Finally, a short summery will be given in Sec.~\ref{sec5}.

\section{Formalism and ingredients}\label{sec2}

In this section, we introduce the theoretical formalism and
ingredients for investigating the $\bar{p} p \to \psi \eta$ reaction
within the effective Lagrangian method, by including the
contributions from the nucleon pole and the low-lying nucleon
excited states that have strong couplings to the $\eta N$ channel.

\subsection{The $\bar{p} p \to \psi \eta$ reaction}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\includegraphics[width=110pt]{pu1.pdf}&$\quad$&
\includegraphics[width=110pt]{pt1.pdf}\\
(a)  &$\quad$& (b)
\end{tabular}
\caption{The Feynman diagram for the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction, and (a) stands for the $u$-channel diagram; (b) stands for the $t$-channel diagram, while the $N^{*}$ represents the nucleon pole or the excited nucleon resonances.}\label{production}
\end{figure}

The production of charmonium [$\psi\equiv \psi(3686)$ and $J/\psi$]
plus a light meson $\eta$ in the low-energy $p\bar{p}$ interaction
can be achieved by exchanging intermediate nucleon and nucleon
excited states. There are two types of Feynman diagrams to depict the
$p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction on the tree level, as shown
in Fig.~\ref{production}. It is worthy of mention that the
multipion production dominates the low-energy $\bar{p}p$
interactions, which in principle is important and its effects from
the so-called initial state interaction (ISI) should be also
considered. As discussed in
Refs.~\cite{Hanhart:1998rn,Motzke:2002fn,Baru:2002rs} for the case
of the ISI of $NN$ scattering, including such contributions, the
scattering amplitudes would be more complex due to additional model
parameters from the loop integration. Hence, we leave the
contributions from ISI of $\bar{p}p$ to further studies when more
precise experimental data become available.

In this calculation, we use the effective interaction Lagrangian
densities for each vertexs in Fig.~\ref{production}. For the $\psi
N\bar{N}$ and $\eta N\bar{N}$ vertices, we use the effective
Lagrangians as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{npi}
\mathcal {L}_{\eta NN}&=&-ig_{\eta NN}\bar{N}\gamma_5 \eta N ,  \\
\mathcal {L}_{\psi NN}&=&-g_{\psi NN}\bar{N}\gamma_\mu V^\mu N,
\end{eqnarray}
where $V^\mu$ donates the vector field of $\psi$.

For the $N^* N \eta$ and $\psi N^* \bar N$ vertices, we adopt the Lagrangian densities as used in
Refs.~\cite{Tsushima:1996xc,Tsushima:1998jz,Ouyang:2009kv,Wu:2009md,Cao:2010km,Cao:2010ji,Zou:2002yy}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal {L}_{\eta NR_{S_{11}}}&=&-g_{\eta NR_{S_{11}}}\bar{N} \eta R_{S_{11}}+H.c.,  \\
\mathcal {L}_{\eta NR_{D_{13}}}&=&-\frac{g_{\eta
NR_{D_{13}}}}{m_N^2}\bar{N}\gamma_5\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu\partial_\nu \eta R^\nu_{D_{13}}+H.c., \\
\mathcal {L}_{\psi NR_{S_{11}}}&=&-g_{\psi NR_{S_{11}}}\bar{N}\gamma_5 \gamma_\mu V^\mu R_{S_{11}}+H.c.,  \\
\mathcal {L}_{\psi NR_{D_{13}}}&=&-g_{\psi NR_{D_{13}}}\bar{N}V_\mu
R^\mu_{D_{13}}+H.c. ,\label{nsv}
\end{eqnarray}
where $R$ denotes the $N^*$ field.

Then, we can write the scattering amplitudes of the process $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta $ as,

\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{1/2+}
\mathcal{M}_{N}&=&ig_{\eta N R_{P_{11}}}g_{\psi N R_{P_{11}}}\bar{v}(p_2)\varepsilon^{\mu}(p_3)
\left[\gamma_{\mu}G^{\frac{1}{2}}(p_u)\gamma_{5}\mathcal{F}(u)
+\gamma_{5}G^{\frac{1}{2}}(p_{t})\gamma_{\mu}\mathcal{F}(t)\right]u(p_{1}),\\
 \label{1/2-}
\mathcal{M}_{S_{11}}&=&g_{\eta N R_{S_{11}}}g_{\psi N R_{S_{11}}}\bar{v}(p_2)\varepsilon^{\mu}(p_3)
\left[\gamma_{5}\gamma_{\mu}G^{\frac{1}{2}}(p_{u})\mathcal{F}(u)
+G^{\frac{1}{2}}(p_{t})\gamma_{5}\gamma_{\mu}\mathcal{F}(t)\right]u(p_{1}),\\
\label{3/2-}
\mathcal{M}_{D_{13}}&=&\frac{g_{\eta N R_{D_{13}}}}{m_{N}^{2}}g_{\psi N D_{13}}\bar{v}(p_2)\varepsilon^{\mu}(p_3)
\left[G_{\mu\nu}^{\frac{3}{2}}(p_{u})(i\gamma_{5}\slashed{p}_{4})(ip_{4}^{\nu})\mathcal{F}(u)
+(i\gamma_{5}\slashed{p}_{4})(ip_{4}^{\nu})G_{\mu\nu}^{\frac{3}{2}}(p_{t})\mathcal{F}(t)\right]u(p_{1}),
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
where $u=p_{u}^{2}=(p_1-p_4)^{2}=(p_3-p_2)^{2}$, $t=p_{t}^{2}=(p_1-p_3)^{2}=(p_4-p_2)^{2}$. The $\mathcal{F}(u)$ and $\mathcal{F}(t)$ stand for the form factors of the $u$ and $t$ channels, respectively. Besides this, we adopt the expression as used in Refs.~\cite{Feuster:1997pq,Haberzettl:1998eq,Yoshimoto:1999dr,Oh:2000zi}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{F}(u/t)=\frac{\Lambda_{N^{*}}^{4}}{\Lambda_{N^{*}}^{4}+(u/t-m_{N^{*}}^{2})},
\end{eqnarray}
where the cutoff parameter $\Lambda_{N^{*}}$ can be parametrized as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Lambda_{N^{*}}=m_{N^{*}}+\beta \Lambda_{QCD},
\end{eqnarray}
with $\Lambda_{QCD} = 220$ MeV, and the $\beta$ will be determined by fitting the experimental data on the $\psi(3686) \to p \bar{p} \eta$ decay.

The Breit-Wigner form of the propagator $G^{J}(p)$ for the $J=\frac{1}{2}$ and $J=\frac{3}{2}$ can be written as \cite{Huang:2005js}
\begin{eqnarray}
G^{\frac{1}{2}}(p)&=&i\frac{\slashed{p}+m_{N^{*}}}{p^{2}-m_{N^{*}}^{2}+im_{N^{*}\Gamma_{N^{*}}}},\\ \nonumber
G^{\frac{3}{2}}_{\mu\nu}(p)&=&i\frac{\slashed{p}+m_{N^{*}}}{p^{2}-m_{N^{*}}^{2}+im_{N^{*}\Gamma_{N^{*}}}}\Bigg[-g_{\mu\nu}+\frac{1}{3}\gamma_{\mu}\gamma_{\nu}\\ \nonumber
&&+\frac{1}{3m_{N^{*}}}(\gamma_{\mu}p_{\nu}-\gamma_{\nu}p_{\mu})+\frac{2p_{\mu}p_{\nu}}{3m_{N^{*}}^{2}}\Bigg].
\end{eqnarray}

Note that we take the energy-dependent form for the decay width $\Gamma_{N^*}$ of $N(1535)$ resonance, and we take the energy-dependent form, which is given by~\cite{Xie:2017erh}
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_{N^*} (q^2) &=& \Gamma_{N^* \to \pi N}(q^2) + \Gamma_{N^* \to
\eta N}(q^2) + \Gamma_0,   \label{Eq:GamrNstarq2} \\
\Gamma_{N^* \to \pi N}(q^2) \! &=& \!\! \frac{3g^2_{N^*N\pi}}{4\pi} \frac{\sqrt{|\vec{p}_{N\pi}|^2 + m^2_p} + m_p}{\sqrt{q^2}} |\vec{p}_{N\pi}|, \\
\Gamma_{N^* \to \eta N}(q^2) \! &=& \!\! \frac{g^2_{N^*N\eta}}{4\pi}
\frac{\sqrt{|\vec{p}_{N\eta}|^2 + m^2_p} + m_p}{\sqrt{q^2}}
|\vec{p}_{N\eta}|,
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
|\vec{p}_{N\pi}| &=&
\frac{\lambda^{1/2}(q^2,m^2_p,m^2_{\pi})}{2\sqrt{q^2}}, \\
|\vec{p}_{N\eta}| &=&
\frac{\lambda^{1/2}(q^2,m^2_p,m^2_{\eta})}{2\sqrt{q^2}},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\lambda$ is the K\"allen function with $\lambda(x,y,z) =
(x-y-z)^2 -4yz$. We take $g_{\pi N^*N}=0.62$ and
$g_{\eta N^*N} = 1.85$, which are determined from the partial widths of $N(1535)$ decay to $N\pi$ and $N\eta$. With
these values we can get $\Gamma_{N^* \to N\pi} = 54.9$ MeV and
$\Gamma_{N^* \to N\eta} = 55.1$ MeV if we take $\sqrt{q^2} = 1524$
MeV. To  agree with experimental results, we choose $\Gamma_0 = 19$ MeV for
$\Gamma_{N^*}(q^2 ) = 130$ MeV.
Here, the mass and width of $N(1535)$ are adopted in Ref.\cite{Ablikim:2013vtm}.

The other coupling constants in the above Lagrangian densities can be also determined from their partial decay widths. The obtained numerical results for these relevant coupling constants are listed in Tables \ref{parameters2S} and \ref{parameters1S}. The coupling constants $g_{\psi NN^*}$ are obtained from the decay process of $\psi \to \bar{N}N^* + N \bar{N}^* \to p\bar{p}\pi^0$, while the coupling constant $g_{J/\psi \bar{p}p} = 1.63$ is extracted from $J/\psi \to \bar{p}p$. In addition, we will discuss the coupling constants $g_{\eta NN}$ and $g_{\psi(3686) NN}$ below.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{The coupling parameters $ g^{J/\psi\pi}_{N^{*}}$ are estimated from the branching fraction (B.F.) of each intermediate nucleon resonance of $J/\psi\rightarrow N \bar{N}^{*}+ N^{*}\bar{N}\rightarrow \bar{p}p\pi^{0}$ (second column), the width of $J/\psi$ is 92.9 KeV. The last column is the parameter of $g^{J/\psi\eta}_{N^{*}}$ which are estimated by the formula $g^{J/\psi\eta}_{N^{*}}=g_{\eta N^{*}N}\frac{g^{J/\psi\pi}_{N^{*}}}{g_{\pi N^{*}N}}$.}\label{parameters1S}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\toprule[1pt]
\midrule[1pt]
$N^{*}$s & $\rm{B.F.}_{(J/\psi\rightarrow \bar{p}p\pi^{0})}$($\times 10^{-5}$)& $g^{J/\psi\pi}_{N^{*}}$ ($\times 10^{-3}$) & $g^{J/\psi\eta}_{N^{*}}$ ($\times 10^{-3}$) \\
\midrule[1pt]
$N(940)$&-&21.87 & 14.56\\
$N(1520)$&7.96&4.36 & 4.87 \\
$N(1535)$&7.58&0.85 & 2.55\\
$N(1650)$&9.06&0.99 & 1.42\\
\midrule[1pt]
\bottomrule[1pt]
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table*}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{The coupling parameters of $g_{\pi N^{*}N}$ (seventh column) and $g_{\eta N^{*}N}$ (eighth column) are estimated from the branching ratios of $N^{*}\rightarrow N\pi$ and $N^{*}\rightarrow N\eta$ respectively.
The ninth column gives the parameter $g_{N^{*}}^{\psi^{'} \pi}$, which is estimated from the branching ratio of $\psi(3686)\rightarrow N \bar{N}^{*}+ N^{*}\bar{N}\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta$; the last column gives $g_{N^{*}}^{\psi^{'} \eta}$, which is calculated from the relationship that exists in $g_{\pi N^{*}N}$, $g_{\eta N^{*}N}$, $g_{N^{*}}^{\psi^{'} \pi}$ and $g_{N^{*}}^{\psi^{'}\eta}$. In this table, relevant experimental data are adopted from PDG~\cite{Tanabashi:2018oca}, but for the mass and total width of $N(1535)$ we adopt the values given in Ref.~\cite{Ablikim:2013vtm}.}\label{parameters2S}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccc}
\toprule[1pt]
\midrule[1pt]
$N^*$ & Mass (GeV) & $\Gamma$ (GeV) & $\rm{B.F.}_{(N^{*}\rightarrow N\pi)}$ & $\rm{B.F.}_{(N^{*}\rightarrow N\eta)}$& $\rm{B.F.}_{(\psi(3686)\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi^{0})}$($\times 10^{-5}$)& $g_{\pi N^{*}N}$&$g_{\eta N^{*}N}$& $g^{\psi(3686)\pi}_{N^{*}}$ ($\times 10^{-3}$) & $g^{\psi(3686)\eta}_{N^{*}}$ ($\times 10^{-3}$) \\
\midrule[1pt]
$N(1520)$& 1.515&0.110&0.6&$8.0\times10^{-4}$&0.64&4.09&4.55 & 1.09 & 1.22 \\
$N(1535)$&1.524&0.130&0.42&0.425&2.47&0.62&1.85&0.51 & 1.53\\
$N(1650)$&1.650&0.125&0.6&0.25&3.76&0.68&0.98&0.62 & 0.89\\
\midrule[1pt]
\bottomrule[1pt]
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

Finally, in the center-of-mass frame denoted by the $cm$ superscript, the differential cross section of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ process can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{d\sigma}{dcos\theta}=\frac{1}{32\pi s}\frac{\left|\overrightarrow{p}_{3}^{cm}\right|}{\left|\overrightarrow{p}_{1}^{cm}\right|} \overline{\left|\mathcal{M}_{tot}\right|^{2}}, \label{PCformula}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\theta$ is the scattering angle of outgoing $\eta$ relative to the  direction of the antiproton beam in the center-of-mass frame, while $\overrightarrow{p}_{1}^{cm}$ and $\overrightarrow{p}_{3}^{cm}$ are the three-momenta of the proton and $\psi$ in the center-of-mass frame, respectively. $\mathcal{M}_{tot}$ is the total invariant scattering amplitude of the $\bar{p} p \to \psi \eta$ reaction, which can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{Mtot1}
\mathcal{M}_{tot}^{\bar{p}p\rightarrow \psi\eta}=\mathcal{M}_{N}+\sum\limits_{N^{*}} \mathcal{M}_{N^{*}}e^{-i\phi_{N^{*}}},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathcal{M}_{N}$ and $\mathcal{M}_{N^{*}}$ are the contributions from the nucleon pole and the nucleon resonances, respectively. Besides this, we introduce the relative phase $\phi_{N^{*}}$ between $\mathcal{M}_{N^{*}}$ and $\mathcal{M}_{N}$.

\subsection{Determine the model parameters from the analysis of the $\psi(3686) \rightarrow \bar{p}p \eta$ decay} \label{sec3}

On the tree level, the process $\psi \rightarrow  \bar{p}p \eta$ is described by the Feynman diagrams as shown in Fig.~\ref{decay}.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\includegraphics[width=110pt]{pu2.pdf}&$\quad$&
\includegraphics[width=110pt]{pt2.pdf}\\
(a)  &$\quad$& (b) \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{The Feynman diagram of $\psi \rightarrow \bar{p}p \eta$ through the nucleon pole and the nucleon excited states. The panel (a) shows $u$-channel exchange; panel (b) is $t$-channel exchange.}\label{decay}
\end{figure}

With the effective interaction Lagrangian densities given above, we can easily obtain the decay width of $\psi \rightarrow \bar{p}p \eta$, which can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{dfferentialwidth}
d\Gamma=\frac{1}{(2\pi)^{5}}\frac{1}{16M^{2}}\overline{|M_{tot}^{\psi\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta}|^{2}}|\vec{p}_{2}^{*}||\vec{p}_{3}|d\Omega_{2}^{*}d\Omega_{3}dm_{p\eta},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\vec{p}_{2}^{*}$ ($\Omega_{2}^{*}$) stands for the three-momentum (solid angle) of the proton in the rest frame of the $p$ and $\eta$ system, $\vec{p}_{3}$ ($\Omega_{3}$) is the three-momentum (solid angle) of the antiproton in the rest frame of $\psi$, and $m_{p\eta}$ is the invariant mass of the $p$ and $\eta$ system. On the other hand, the amplitude $\mathcal{M}_{tot}^{\psi\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta}$ is easily obtained just by applying the substitution to $\mathcal{M}_{tot}^{p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi\eta}$:
$p_{1}\rightarrow -p_{3}$, $p_{2}\rightarrow -p_{2}$, $p_{3}\rightarrow -p_{1}$, $p_{t}\rightarrow -p_{u}$, $\varepsilon(p_{3})\rightarrow\varepsilon(-p_{1})$, $u(p_{1})\rightarrow v(-p_{3})$, $\bar{v}(p_{2})\rightarrow \bar{u}(-p_{2})$.

The $\psi(3686)\rightarrow  \bar{p}p \eta$ decay is experimentally studied by the CLEO and BESIII Collaborations~\cite{Alexander:2010vd,Ablikim:2013vtm}, and they found that most contributions are from nucleon excited state $N(1535)$, which has large coupling to the $N\eta$ channel. However, since $N(1520)$ and $N(1650)$ have significant couplings to the $N\eta$ channel, in this work, we will also take their contributions into account. Then, we perform five-parameter ($g^{\psi(3686)\eta}_N \equiv g_{\psi(3686) NN} \times g_{\eta NN}$, $\phi_{N(1520)}$, $\phi_{N(1535)}$, $\phi_{N(1650)}$ and $\beta$)~\footnote{Note that we take the same parameter $\beta$ for all the nucleon resonances that we considered, and all the other parameters are shown in Table~\ref{parameters2S}.} $\chi^2$ fits to the experimental data~\cite{Ablikim:2013vtm} on the $p\eta$ invariant mass distributions for the $\psi(3686)\rightarrow N\bar{N}^* + N^*\bar{N} \to  \bar{p}p \eta$ decay.

The fitted parameters are: $\phi_{N(1520)} = 0.14 \pm 0.08$, $\phi_{N(1535)} = 1.76 \pm 0.06$, $\phi_{N(1650)} = 4.63 \pm 0.05$, $\beta = 3.70 \pm 0.82$, and $g^{\psi(3686) \eta}_N = (8.45 \pm 1.10) \times 10^{-3}$. The resultant $\chi^{2}/dof$ is $0.39$. The best-fitted results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fittingresulttot}, compared with the experimental data. One can see that we can describe the experimental data quite well. $N(1535)$ gives the dominant contribution below $m_{\eta p} = 1.6$ GeV, and the contribution from $N(1650)$ is also significant, while the other contributions are quite small. Furthermore, there are strong interferences between $N(1535)$ and $N(1650)$, which make the peak of $N(1650)$ disappear in the total results.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\includegraphics[width=240pt]{fittingresult2S.pdf}
\caption{The fitted $p\eta$ invariant mass distributions of the
process $\psi(3686)\rightarrow N \bar{N}^{*}+ N^{*}\bar{N}\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta$ with experiment data taken from Ref.~\cite{Ablikim:2013vtm}. The solid purple line stands for the total contributions, and the other dashed lines show the contributions from the nucleon pole and different
 nucleon resonances.}\label{fittingresulttot}
\end{figure}

Besides, if we take $g_{\psi(3686) NN} =9.4\times 10^{-4} $ and $g^{\psi(3686) \eta}_N = (8.45 \pm 1.10) \times 10^{-3} $, which was obtained from the $\chi^2$ fits, we can easily obtain $g_{\eta NN}= 8.99 \pm 1.17$, which is in the range of many other theoretical results on it~\cite{Kirchbach:1996kw,Zhu:2000eh,Faldt:2001uz,Cottingham:1973wt,Lacombe:1980dr,Nagels:1978sc,Machleidt:2000ge,Downum:2006re}.

\section{The total cross sections and angular distributions of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$}\label{sec4}

In this section, we show theoretical results on the total cross sections and angle distributions of the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction near reaction threshold.

\subsection{The total cross sections and angular distributions of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686) \eta$}\label{Sec4A}

In Fig. \ref{production2S}, we show the numerical cross sections of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686)\eta$ as a function of the center-of-mass energy $E_{cm} = \sqrt{s}$. It is shown that the nucleon pole contribution is predominant in the whole energy region, but the contributions of the $N^{*}$ resonances gradually become significant when the $E_{cm}$ is increasing, especially the contribution from $N(1520)$. The contributions from $N(1535)$ and $N(1650)$ are mainly reflected in the forepart and begin to decrease around $E_{cm}=4.4$ GeV.
Although the contribution of $N(1535)$ is very predominant in the decay process $\psi(3686)\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta$,  its contribution to $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686) \eta$ is not so important. The contributions of the $N^*$ resonances are suppressed due to the highly off-shell effect of their propagators in the $t$ and $u$ channels.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\includegraphics[width=245pt]{production2S.pdf}
\caption{The total cross sections of the $p \bar{p}\rightarrow\psi(3686) \eta$ reaction. The black line is the total contributions, while the other lines stand for the contributions from different $N^{*}$ resonances.}\label{production2S}
\end{figure}

We also calculate the angular distribution of the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686)\eta$ reaction at $E_{cm}=4.3$, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 5.1, 5.3 and 5.5 GeV. The numerical results of $d \sigma/d \cos \theta$ as a function of $\theta$ are shown in Fig. \ref{angulardis2S}, where the red solid line stands for the total contribution, and the blue dashed line is the result of only considering the contribution of the nucleon pole.
Each gray concentric circle denotes a specific value of $d \sigma/d \cos \theta$, and these concentric circles are evenly spaced from inside to outside, with the difference value is labeled in the bottom left corner of each panel. From Fig. \ref{angulardis2S}, one sees that the blue dashed lines are symmetric with respect to $\theta=90\degree$ or $\theta=270\degree$, which is because the contributions from $u$ channel and $t$ channel have the same weights for all $E_{cm}$ if only the contribution from the nucleon pole is considered. However, the shapes of the red solid lines are not symmetric with respect to $\theta=90\degree$. The symmetry behavior of the angular distribution is helpful to identify the role of excited nucleon resonances in the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686)\eta$ reaction in future $\bar{\mathrm{P}}$ANDA experiments.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S1.pdf}&\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S2.pdf}\\
\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S3.pdf}&\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S4.pdf}\\
\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S5.pdf}&\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S6.pdf}\\
\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S7.pdf}&\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis2S8.pdf}
\end{tabular}
\caption{The angular distribution of the process $p \bar{p}\rightarrow \psi^{\prime}\eta$ at different values of $E_{cm}$ (labeled in the top left corner of each panel). The red solid line is the result of considering the total contribution from the nucleon pole and nucleon resonances, while the blue dashed line is the result of only considering the contribution of the nucleon pole. Each gray concentric circles denotes a specific same value of $d \sigma/d \cos \theta$; from inside to outside, two neighboring concentric circles have the same value added (labeled in the bottom left corner of each panel).}\label{angulardis2S}
\end{figure}

\subsection{The total cross sections and angular distributions of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$}\label{Sec4A}

\subsubsection{The $J/\psi \rightarrow  p\bar{p} \eta$ decay}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\includegraphics[width=240pt]{fittingresult1S.pdf}
\caption{The $p\eta$ invariant mass spectrum of the
process $J/\psi\rightarrow p\bar{p}\eta$. The solid purple line stands for the total
contributions, and the other dashed lines show the contributions from the nucleon pole and different
 nucleon resonances.}\label{fittingresulttot1S}
\end{figure}

For the case of $J/\psi\rightarrow p\bar{p}\eta$ decay, we do not have available experimental data to determine the unknown $\beta$ and relative phase $\phi$ parameters. First, we calculate the invariant mass distribution of $J/\psi \to \bar{p}p \eta$ without considering the interference between different $N^*$ resonances. The numerical results obtained with $\beta=1.42$ are shown in Fig. \ref{fittingresulttot1S}, where one can see that $N(1535)$ and $N(1650)$ have significant contributions. Second, we consider only the contributions from $N(1535)$ and $N(1650)$, and we choose four typical values of $0$, $\pi/2$, $\pi$, and $3\pi/2$ for the relative phase between them. In Fig. \ref{rephase1S}, we can see that phase interference will greatly change the line shape of the $p\eta$ invariant mass distribution.
These different line shape behaviors can provide valuable information for future experimental analyses on the process $J/\psi\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta$.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\includegraphics[width=240pt]{Phase1S.pdf}
\caption{The $p\eta$ invariant mass spectrum of the
process of $J/\psi\rightarrow p\bar{p}\eta$. The different dashed curves stand for the results obtained by considering different relative phases (0, $\pi/2$, $\pi$, $3\pi/2$) between $N(1535)$ and $N(1650)$.}\label{rephase1S}
\end{figure}

Next, we pay attention to the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$ reaction. Although the present existing experimental data are not enough to determine the relative phases between different scattering amplitudes, we can
still accurately estimate the absolute magnitude of cross sections from different nucleon resonances.

\begin{figure}[htbp]

\includegraphics[width=240pt]{production1S.pdf}
\caption{As in Fig.~\ref{production2S}, but for the case of a $\bar{p}p \to J/\psi \eta$ reaction.}\label{production1S}.
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{production1S}, we show the numerical results of total cross sections of the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$ reaction as a function of $E_{cm}$, where the relative phases between different nucleon states are not taken into account. The results indicate that the total cross section has a maximum of about 80.5 pb at $E_{cm}=5.5$ GeV. From Fig. \ref{production1S}, one can also clearly see that contributions from excited nucleon resonances are significant, and the contribution from $N(1520)$ even exceeds the contribution of the nucleon pole when $E_{cm} > 5.0$ GeV.

In addition, we also calculate the angular distributions of the process $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$, which are presented in Fig. \ref{angulardis1S}.
Compared with the results for the process of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686) \eta$, one can see that the angular distributions of the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$ reaction are always symmetric
with respect to $\theta=90\degree$ or $\theta=270\degree$ for all the energies that we take. This is because we did not consider the possible interference contributions among different scattering amplitudes of nucleons.
Combining this with the angular distributions of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686) \eta$ and $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$ reactions, we can conclude that the weight difference between the $u$ channel and $t$ channel is also due to the interference amplitudes from relative phases between different nucleon states.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis1S1.pdf}&\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis1S2.pdf}\\
\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis1S3.pdf}&\includegraphics[width=115pt]{angulardis1S4.pdf}
\end{tabular}
\caption{The angular distribution of the process $p \bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$ at different values of $E_{cm}$ (labeled in the top left corner of each panel). The red solid line is the result of considering the total contribution from the nucleon pole and nucleon resonances; the blue dashed line is the result of only considering the contribution of the nucleon pole. Each gray concentric circle denotes a specific value of $d \sigma/d \cos \theta$; from inside to outside, two neighboring concentric circles have the same value added (labeled in the bottom left corner of each panel).}\label{angulardis1S}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Comparison with other work}
The $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reactions are also studied in Refs.~\cite{Lundborg:2005am,Lin:2012ru}.
In Table \ref{comparison}, we make a comparison between our results and other theoretical results of Refs. ~\cite{Lundborg:2005am,Lin:2012ru}.
For the reaction of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3686) \eta$ and $p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi \eta$, our results are smaller than those of Ref. \cite{Lundborg:2005am}, but larger than the ones of Ref. \cite{Lin:2012ru}.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{The total cross sections of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ estimated at $E_{cm} = 5.38$ and $4.57$ GeV in this work (the second column), given in Ref. \cite{Lundborg:2005am} (the third column) and Ref. \cite{Lin:2012ru} (the fourth column).}\label{comparison}
\begin{tabular}{ccccccccc}
\toprule[1.5pt]
\midrule[1pt]
Reaction  & This work (pb) & Ref. \cite{Lundborg:2005am} (pb) & Ref. \cite{Lin:2012ru} (pb) & $E_{cm}$\\
\midrule[1pt]
$p\bar{p}\rightarrow\psi(3686)\eta$ &  23 &  $33\pm8$ &  9 & 5.38\\
$p\bar{p}\rightarrow J/\psi\eta$ & 56& $1520 \pm 140$ & 36 & 4.57\\
\midrule[1pt]
\bottomrule[1.5pt]
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

In Ref. \cite{Lundborg:2005am}, the authors estimated the total cross sections of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi X$ assuming a constant amplitude for the $\psi \rightarrow p\bar{p} X$ decay. Under this approximation, it implies that the contributions of these intermediate resonances in the decay and production process are the same. Hence, this approximation may lead to overestimation of the cross sections of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$. In this work, one can clearly see that the contributions from different intermediate resonances are very different in decay and production processes, especially for $N(1535)$. The $N(1535)$ has an extremely significant contribution in the decay process of
$\psi \rightarrow p\bar{p} \eta$, but it is not important for the production process of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$.
However, the constant amplitude approximation provides a good idea that the information of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ can be extracted from the decay process $\psi \rightarrow p\bar{p} \eta$.

In Ref. \cite{Lin:2012ru}, the authors first introduced the form factor in predicting the cross sections of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$, where only the  nucleon pole contribution is included. Their results are shown in the fourth column of Table \ref{comparison}, and they
are smaller than our results because the contributions from nucleon resonances are considered in our numerical results.

Finally, it needs to be emphasized that we take the same form factors for both the $p\bar{p} \rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction and the decay process $\psi \rightarrow \bar{p}p \eta$, although they should be different in these two different processes. However, since the hadron structure is still an open question, the hadronic form factors are generally adopted phenomenologically. Of course, the reliability of the treatment here can be left to future experiments to test.

\section{Summary}\label{sec5}

The forthcoming $\bar{\mbox{P}}$ANDA will be an ideal platform to carry out the study of hadron physics. Among these running facilities of particle physics, BESIII can provide abundant experimental data to the field of charm tau physics. In fact, these studies on $\bar{\mbox{P}}$ANDA and BESIII can be borrowed from each other, which was indicated in Refs. \cite{Xu:2015qqa,Wang:2017sxq}.

In this work, based on the studies of the process $\psi\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta$, we have calculated the total cross sections and angular distributions of the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction within an effective Lagrangian approach. These contributions from the nucleon resonances $N(1520)$, $N(1535)$, and $N(1650)$ in the $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$ reaction are considered for the first time. Our results show that these contributions from excited nucleon resonances are very important for estimating the cross section of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi \eta$, and the relative phases between different amplitudes will influence the total cross section and change the shape of the angular distributions. Hence, the $\psi\rightarrow \bar{p}p\eta$ reactions are suitable for investigating the properties of the low-lying nucleon resonance.

Finally, we would like to stress that the predictions here are very
qualitative, since the contributions from ISI of $\bar{p}p$ are
neglected. We hope that these theoretical calculations presented in
this work may stimulate experimentalists' interest in exploring the
$p\bar p\to \psi \eta$ reaction through the $\bar{\mbox{P}}$ANDA
experiment. Meanwhile, we also suggest that our colleagues pay more
attentions to  the theoretical issues around the charmonium
production via the $p\bar{p}$ scattering processes, since the present
work is only a starting point.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China under Grants No.~ 11735003 and No. 1191101015, by
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and by
the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No.~2016367). X.L. is
also supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young
Scientists under Grant No. 11825503 and by the National Program for
Support of Top-notch Young Professionals.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Shuang Zhou received his B.S. in Applied Physics from Xi'an Jiaotong University, China in 2003. He then worked as a research engineer in the LCD and mobile industry before joining the Liquid Crystal Institute at Kent State University in 2009. He studied the physics of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals under the advisory of Dr. Oleg D. Lavrentovich and received his Ph.D. in 2016. He is currently a postdoc research fellow at Harvard University, where his research focuses on soft matter physics and mechanics, in particular liquid crystals, active systems and soft solids.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Want Nintendo's NES Classic? Better hurry to a Best Buy
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Eli Blumenthal, USA TODAY Published 6:23 p.m. ET April 23, 2017 | Updated 10:44 a.m. ET April 24, 2017
The company plans to ship its final batch of systems to retailers at the end of the month. USA TODAY
The mini collector's edition NES.(Photo: Nintendo)
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In Best Buy stores.
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Read or Share this story: http://usat.ly/2pTMAb9


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However I must admit I'm paying a lot more attention to Justin Bieber these days. When I visit TMZ and read his name I don't just roll my eyes in disgust and quickly scroll down. What can I say? It's fun being able to watch someones downfall in front of your very eyes and I can't wait to see what crazy stunt he pulls up next.
Hell, you can even bet on it!
I have to thank the fine folks at Bovada for this one. I used to think Justin Bieber was only good for one thing – torturing the fine men currently incarcerated in Guantamo Bay, Cuba. But now thanks to his epic downfall this year, I actually have the chance to profit from it.
Will Justin Bieber Check In To rehab on or before December 31st, 2014?
Will Justin Bieber be Arrested in 2013?
Will Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez get engaged on or before December 31st, 2014?
The odds on all of these are quite high too – although shrinking as each day goes by, and Bieber does something even more idiotic. Let's look at all of these lines one by one – and I promise these are real – verify for yourself at Bovada.
You can only bet "Yes" on this one, and the odds are a healthy +1000 as of this writing. That means you bet $100 you will win $1000 if he checks himself into rehab prior to December 31st, 2014.
Now this one is tricky. I mean there's no doubt that at some point in his life he'll end up in rehab – but by December 31st, 2014? He's not even been picked up for a DUI…..yet. Look how long it took Lindsay Lohan to go to rehab – she even went to AA first.
However Lohans stints in rehab only really started after the pressure she was clearly under with all the work she was doing. Bieber is already cracking a bit – the Anne Frank situation, drugs on his tour board, smoking weed.
There's a possibility that he'll be in rehab by Dec 31st, 2014 but it's going to require quite a fast downward spiral. If you think he's going to sink faster than a Belieber in a swimming pool(aka like a stone), then head on over to Bovada and place your bet.
The odds on this one are not surprisingly big at +2000, meaning $10 would net you $200.
I just can't see it. They've been on again and off again and both are young enough to know that it wouldn't be good. The only reason it will happen in my opinion is if enough rumours came out that Bieber was gay. Faster than I run to get earmuffs when "Baby" comes on the radio, his PR company would be literally throwing the ring onto Gomez and coming out to make the announcement.
This is one bet that despite the high odds I would avoid.
Ahhh…now this is more like it, and the odds are still quite good at +500 at Bovada.
Just look at some of the crap Bieber has pulled in the last few months, and the problems he has had. In 2011 and 2012 the bad PR issues were months apart. Now it's every other day there's a new Bieber story. Smoking pot, drugs found on bus, ready to fight a photographer, arriving late to a show, allegedly spitting on a neighbour.
Honestly this is the best bet by far. Bieber is still young, he's in a tough spot and he's going to make stupid mistakes. He's showing that he can't handle the pressure too well anymore, and unless he takes a long time off – this is just going to continue.
This is the bet to make. Bet Justin Bieber to be arrested for +500 odds at Bovada.
Was Justin Bieber arrested? Justin Bieber going to rehab? Can you bet on Justin Bieber?


the designs you find, have to be SAME (not SIMILAR). Similar designs will not work. I need the same designs.
So basically it is lot of internet search work. I will also give you some website addresses where it might be easier to find these kind of images.
There are different ring images, which i will give you once i assign you the project. the work will require about 10-12 hours of research online.
Hello there, I'm very good at searching on the internet by catching the required information either is the image or something else. You can check my skills. Thanks!
You will not regret hiring me. Relevant Skills and Experience I have experience in online research.
Dear sir or mem.. I am really want to do this job sincerely and by give more time. You can trust on me. Thank you.


text:
The Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research (formerly The Centre for Bhutan Studies) is a research institute located in Thimphu, Bhutan, established in 1999 with the purpose of promoting research and scholarship in Bhutan.

The president of the centre is Dasho Karma Ura.

Publications

Periodical
Since 1999 the centre has regularly published an  English language academic journal Journal of Bhutan Studies. PDF copies of articles published in this journal are freely available online. Articles cover not only the history of Bhutan but also issues to do with Gross National Happiness.

Books

See also
 Gross national happiness

References

External links
Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research website

Organisations based in Bhutan
Bhutan studies
Himalayan studies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Unique Armenian City of Hasankeyf
July 2, 2019CultureComments: 0
Why do we know nothing about this city? Well-known designer, jeweler, and traveler Nour tells about this amazing city and its mysteries. He and his friends recently visited Western Armenia and, at the insistence of the Kurds, paid a visit to Hasankeyf.
"…In the territory of Western Armenia, we had specific destinations – Arsamey, Nemrut with the memorial religious complex of King Antioch, and other famous places. On the way, we decided to turn off to Van and go see the door of the Mher Cave. On the way back, we had a tire puncture.
To fix the problem, we went to a nearby workshop. Owners, Kurds by nationality, received us friendly and served us tea, and when they learned that we were Armenians and we were coming from Armenia, they told us about an amazing Armenian city that only a few people knew about and which was only 30 kilometers from this place.
We objected to them that, according to our maps and historical data, there were no Armenian cities in this territory. They began to insist, claiming that this was our city, an Armenian city, which we simply must see.
It was called Hasankeyf. Of course, the name was unfamiliar to us. Knowing the Turkish practice of renaming and appropriating Armenian cities, we were surprised by the claims of the Kurds that this city was Armenian.
They showed us photos of the city. Hasankeyf impressed us so much that it didn't matter whose city it was – we decided to see this miracle by all means.
Informed people compare Hasankeyf with Cappadocia. Here, people have also lived in rock caves. But what we saw was impossible to imagine even for those with the most violent imagination.
On the shore of the Tigris river rose a smooth, ideal rock with a height of about 100-150 meters and a length of 3-4 kilometers. It stretched parallel to the Tigris. This unique natural wall with a thousand windows allowing you to watch, shoot from, and thereby defend served as an excellent defensive structure in addition to its main purpose.
At the very top of the cliff were visible the remains of buildings. We had to see a little later what was going on in the cliff's massif itself.
An old bridge used to lead to the rock, the huge piles of which have survived to our times and are still striking in their massiveness. The bridge itself, unfortunately, is no longer there, so we had to climb the cliff via a modern structure. Nothing yet spoke of the Armenian identity of the city, and this further inflamed our curiosity.
Below was a modern settlement with restaurants and cafes where people were selling souvenirs, decorations, and booklets. We visited the city first in search of an Armenian trace. Began to ask the locals whose city it was. Surprisingly, everyone answered that it was an Armenian city, and even the basis of the name was Armenian words.
One of the shop owners showed us a book in English which told about this city with reference to the Armenians. At first glance, the name "Hasankeyf" had nothing to do with Armenian words…
The first Armenian feature was waiting for us in the coat of arms which we noticed when approaching the city. It decorated the old entrance which was once connected to the giant bridge.
We noticed something painfully familiar above the entrance. We were just stunned – It was the coat of arms of the royal Yervanduni dynasty. As for the inside of the cliff, it housed 70 levels of the ancient city, by which one may trace the development of humanity.
Inside, you can see stairs, corridors, and halls. In some places, staircases were exposed to the outside world as a result of landslides.
Each floor is a new era. The lower part is a primitive settlement with completely shapeless caves. Above are the already geometric shapes of walls and decorations. The higher you go, the more clearly you read civilization. The rooms are already architecturally designed. And on top, there is a typical antique Hellenistic city.
Hasankeyf is a historical anthology. Climbing through the city, you can scroll through the story. But for us, it remained a mystery why the city had ceased to exist.
Reaching the very top, we saw the inner part of the city, which to some extent turned out to be a solution to many secrets.
But first, I want to turn to how we logically tried to explain to ourselves how the city was related to the Armenians, why it was unknown in Armenia, and what its purpose was.
"Hasankeyf" is "Hasan Kefi", which in Armenian means "the holiday, celebration, or feast has arrived".
There is the phrase "kefchi hasan" which is often used to address people who like to have fun, dance, or sing. No one really knows where this phrase came from, but it exists. We were explained that the chief person in the city (the mayor, according to our concepts) was called "Kefchi Hasan" – that is, the person who should do "Kef" – a holiday – keep the city ready to receive guests, and ensure a fun pastime for them.
And really, what could a 70-story city in a rocky massif have been for? Not for cattle breeding, not for farming, not for crafts. This city was designed for fun, that is, figuratively, it was an ancient Las Vegas. Rich people sailed along the Tigris to the city to have fun.
And when we looked at the inside, we made sure that it really was a comfortable city for fun because inside, it was a multi-stage amphitheater.
For many years, this territory was beyond the reach of humanity. It was a military base. Information about the city began to appear only in recent years after UNESCO expressed its concerns with the Turkish government's decision to build a dam there and flood the city.
Of course, this should not be done. Hasankeyf is a valuable historical monument, and it does not matter who it has belonged to. However, over the course of hundreds of years, the Turks have destroyed everything that could directly or indirectly indicate Armenian presence or affiliation."
By Elena Shuvaeva-Petrosyan
Photo by Nare Khachatryan


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The mother of a 2-year-old murder victim is 'disgusted and upset' over Oscar-nominated short film about her son's convicted killers
Zack Sharf,
Actors Ely Solan and Leon Hughes are the leads in Vincent Lambe's short film, "Detainment."
Twelve Media
A two-year-old boy named James Bulger was murdered in 1993.
The convicted killers, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, were both 10 years old at the time.
Now a short film about the crime, "Detainment," is nominated for an Oscar.
Bulger's mother, Denise Fergus, is circulating a petition to have the film's nomination revoked.
In a tweeted statement, Denise Fergus said: "I cannot express how disgusted and upset I am at this so-called film that has been made."
Denise Fergus, mother of the late James Bulger, is speaking out against the short film "Detainment," after it received an Oscar nomination for best live action short film. Directed by Vincent Lambe, "Detainment" is a 30-minute short film about the police interrogations of Bulger's killers, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson.
The narrative film uses real transcripts and interview tapes from the interrogations. Venables and Thompson were 10 years old when they murdered two-year-old Bulger.
"I cannot express how disgusted and upset I am at this so-called film that has been made and now nominated for an Oscar," Fergus said on Twitter. "It's one thing making a film like this without contacting or getting permission from James's family but another to have a child reenact the final hours of James's life before he was brutally murdered and making myself and my family have to relive this all over again!"
"Detainment" uses real transcripts and interview tapes from the interrogation of the convicted 10-year-old killers, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson.
Fergus continued, "After everything I have said about this so-called film and asking it to be removed, it's still been nominated for an Oscar even though 90,000 people have signed a petition which has now been ignored just like my feelings by the Academy."
Lambe has previously apologized for not consulting Fergus or any members of Bulger's family during the making of "Detainment." The director also offered to donate proceeds from screenings of the movie to the James Bulger Memorial Trust. In his apology, Lambe wrote, "I have enormous sympathy for the Bulger family and I am extremely sorry for any upset the film may have caused them."
Bulger's death occurred on February 12, 1993. Fergus took her son with her to a shopping center near Liverpool, and when she went to pay at the counter Venables and Thompson took the two-year-old and left the market. As The Washington Post reports, the 10-year-olds threw paint in Bulger's eyes, stoned him with bricks, and beat him to death with an iron pipe. Bulger's body was left on nearby train tracks.
"Detainment" received an Oscar nomination for best live action short film along with "Skin," "Marguerite," "Fauve," and "Mother." The award will be announced during the 91st Academy Awards telecast, which airs February 24 at 8 p.m. ET on ABC.
Read the original article on IndieWire. Copyright 2019. Follow IndieWire on Twitter.
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