text:
blake.e.reid
Telecom Law Fall 2019
Author: ber
Creativity and Closed Captions
2018.10.02 2019.07.23 ber
(reviewing [reading] [sounds]: Closed-Captioned Media and Popular Culture by Sean Zdenek)
I'm delighted to join my colleagues at Authors Alliance with this cross-posted contribution to their ongoing series on Authorship and Accessibility, an outgrowth of a collaboration between AuAll, Silicon Flatirons (where I'm a faculty director), and the Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, which held a roundtable on the topic with technologists, authors, academics, lawyers, and disability advocates in Berkeley last year, summed up in this report co-authored by my students in the Colorado Law Samuelson-Glushko Technology Law & Policy Clinic.
Consumer groups and advocates have long been concerned about the quality of the captions that convey the aural components of video programming to viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing with video programming. While inaccurate and incomplete captions are often the butt of jokes, they aren't so funny for people who are deaf or hard of hearing and rely on captions to understand the aural component of a video. For example, a single wrong letter on news captions might mean the difference between a story about a war in Iraq and a war in Iran.
That's why consumer groups have fought hard for caption quality. Those efforts that culminated in the FCC's 2014 adoption of wide-ranging caption quality standards for television, which require consideration of that require captions to be accurate, synchronous, complete, and properly placed on the screen.
The FCC's rules aim primarily at establishing a baseline of compliance to ensure that captions deliver a transcription of a program's soundtracks that is as close to verbatim as possible given the unique attributes of sound and text. There are lots of good reasons that advocates have focused on verbatim captions over the years; in addition to incomplete and incorrect captions, there is a lengthy and complicated history of simplifying and censoring the content of captions, which most recently entered the public eye in the context of Netflix's censorship of captions on the rebooted Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. Verbatim is a principle that corresponds neatly to the goal of equal access: the captions should give viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing as near an equal experience in watching video programming as their hearing counterparts listening to the soundtrack.
However, advocates have also long urged their counterparts in the video industry to take captions seriously not just as a matter of accessibility, but as a matter of creativity. If filmmakers obsess over every aspect of a movie's cinematography and sound design, why not the captions? In a production that spends millions of dollars to get all the details right, captions that are front and center for a film's deaf and hard of hearing audience shouldn't be an afterthought—they should be a core part of the creative process.
Sean Zdenek's 2015 book Reading Sounds is one of the first efforts to rigorously explore the creative dimensions of captioning. Zdenek, a technical communication and rhetoric professor, endeavors to explore captioning as "a potent source of meaning in rhetorical analysis" and not simply a legal, technical, or transcription issue.
Zdenek's exploration is an essential encyclopedia of scenarios whether captioning leaves creative choice, nuance, and subtlety to captioners and filmmakers. While captioning spoken dialogue seems on first blush to pose a relatively straightforward dialogue, Zdenek identifies nine (!) categories of non-speech information that are part of soundtracks, including:
Who is speaking;
In what language they are speaking;
How they are speaking, such as whispering or shouting;
Sound effects made by non-speakers;
Paralanguage—non-speech sounds made by speakers, such as grunts and laughs;
Music, including metadata about songs being played, lyrics, and descriptions of music; and
Medium of communications, such as voices being communicated over an on- or off-screen television or public address system.
Tricky scenarios abound. What if one speaker is aurally distinct from another, but his or her identity is unknown? (Imagine Darth Vader being identified as "Luke's Father" in the early going of The Empire Strikes Back. How should a captioner describe the unique buzzing sound made by Futurama's Hypnotoad? How should the captioner describe an uncommon dialect that may not be familiar to a hearing viewer, or which may have been invented by the filmmaker? What are the lyrics to "Louie, Louie," exactly?
Zdenek expands into a variety of other problematic scenarios such as undercaptioning (the omission of non-speech sounds), overcaptioning (making prominent the exact content of ancillary speech happening in the background that a hearing viewer may be unable to parse precisely), and transcending the context of a scene to convey information that the viewer shouldn't know. Delayed captions are all too familiar to deaf and hard of hearing viewers, but Zdenek explores the subtle relationship between caption timing, punctuation, the spoilage of time-sensitive elements afforded by the ability to read ahead of the dialogue, such as reading the aural punchline to the a visual setup, and the inadvertent creation of irony by captions that linger on the screen for too long. Zdenek even highlights the need to caption silence in dynamic contexts, such as a phone ceasing to ring or a person mouthing inaudible dialogue—scenarios that call to mind the controversial "silent" scene in The Last Jedi, which many hearing theater-goers were sure was a glitch but was an intentional choice by director Rian Johnson.
Zdenek also explores the role of captions in situating video in broader cultural contexts. For example, should a captioner identify a narrator who is a well-known actor with whom the audience will likely be familiar but who is uncredited in the film? How should music, such as the iconic NBC chimes, be described in text? And how can captioners be trained to capture cultural significance—especially if a captioner is a computer program converting text to speech automatically?
Zdenek does not offer complete solutions to all these questions and scenarios. But he extrapolates in unsparing detail (much of it presented in audiovisual context on the book's companion website) how they arise and what considerations captioners and filmmakers might take into mind in thinking not just about how to comply with captioning law, but to author captions.
In doing so, he has also created a compelling reference for lawmakers and policy advocates to develop a richer, more nuanced understanding of the role that captions can play in advancing the civil rights of Americans who are deaf or hard of hearing to access video programming on equal terms. Zdenek is identifying dimensions of captioning that the next generation of video accessibility policy needs to consider and address.
Spectrum, Analogy, and the Line from Physics to Policy
In their 2017 essay Not a Scarce Natural Resource: Alternatives to Spectrum-Think, my colleague Pierre de Vries and former student Jeff Westling lay out an intriguing thesis: roughly speaking, that the oft-uttered-in-DC-circles analogy of the wireless radio spectrum as a scarce natural resource (or collection of resources) doesn't withstand scrutiny.
According to Jeff and Pierre, 'spectrum' is an intellectual and legal construct amenable to multiple meanings, not a 'resource' that can be consumed:
The word spectrum is usually used rather loosely, with a variety of denotations. Since the word's implications depend on which definition the writer had in mind, we propose five possible meanings (however, we suspect that writers often do not have any clear definition in mind, with
spectrum simply referring to the broad topic of radios and regulation). We find none for which all three attributes scarce, natural and resource hold simultaneously.
So the thesis goes, the relevant focus of most spectrum inquiries is not some identifiable 'slice' of the spectrum that is consumed like a resource, but rather the right to transmit on a particular frequency at a particular time in a particular geographic area without harmful interference occurring at the relevant receivers. (Though it's not the focus of Pierre's and Jeff's inquiry, a close cousin of the spectrum-as-resource analogy, the 'spectrum'-as-real-property analogy, is similarly pathological.)
The thesis seems obviously right to me, but I've never quite been able to put my finger on why it matters. I have long suspected that most spectrum policy folks who invoke resource and property analogies do so as convenient shorthand for describing a mode of spectrum policy, but back up their real arguments with nuanced complications of the analogy that ultimately lead to similar results as those they'd reach if they started with the more accurate but unwieldy conception of spectrum rights as a right to transmit without interference.
However, it occurred to me last week in preparing to teach my telecom law students about spectrum that one particularly critical shortcoming of a reliance on the resource and property analogies is the risk that your world view about spectrum management (a political / legal question) will inform your view of how electromagnetic physics work (a scientific question). The informing should go the other direction—spectrum management is a malleable human construct that ought to be informed by the physics of transmission and reception.
The insight occurred to me in puzzling over how to convey to law students, in relatively simple but accurate terms, how radio transmission and reception works. (Luckily, my colleague Dale Hatfield offered me a brilliant analogy involving moving your hand in a pool and capturing the frequency and intensity of the generated waves with a bobber at the opposite end, which neatly illustrates or can be easily extended to illustrate all the fundamental concepts—transmission and reception, frequency and wavelength, amplitude, attenuation, interference, etc.) But it seemed critical to start with the physics because the potential for interference at the receiver ultimately dictates a significant proportion of telecommunications law and policy, including necessitating the involvement of regulators like the Federal Communications Commission to manage the practices around transmissions and reception to some degree or another. It also seems especially critical because many new-to-spectrum-policy law students, don't understand even on an intuitive level (especially given that most of them don't listen to AM or FM radio or watch broadcast TV) what a radio is or how it works.
Later in the week at a student-focused event I was tasked with moderating, I tried to press this point further. But the speakers (all lawyers) steadfastly declined my multiple invitations to explain transmission and reception, instead jumping immediately to resource and property analogies. It went something like this:
[Me:] How does a radio work? Please explain transmission and reception at a basic level.
[Panelist:] Well, spectrum is just like when you buy a house…
To be fair, these were smart lawyers sensibly using legal analogies to connect with a student audience at a law school. Fair enough.
But here's the rub. When we start from the perspective of transmission and receptions, the possible modes of spectrum management unfold in a pretty obvious way—as do the advantages and shortcomings of each method. That is, when we start with the physics, the pathologies and tradeoffs of the different modes are fairly easy to understand. For example:
One mode for setting spectrum management, popularized by Ronald Coase in The Federal Communications Commission, is the use of property to order the right to transmit without interference, which facilitates (in theory, at least) all kinds of neat efficiencies through the ability to buy and sell licenses on the secondary market. But it's pretty obvious to anyone with a basic understanding of the physics that it's much more difficult to set property boundaries when you're dealing with the complexities of interference, like out of band emissions, harmonics, noise floors, and so forth.
Another mode is the use of unlicensed spectrum bands, pioneered by Mike Marcus among others, which allow innovative new technologies to be developed without incurring the cost of spectrum licenses. There's an obvious analogy to the commons, and a basic understanding of the physics quickly reveals the possibility of a tragedy-of-the-commons-like problem where over-proliferating transmitters cause so much interference to receivers that a band becomes useless for everyone.
Interference can proliferate under any mode of spectrum management. But a basic understanding of the physics of transmission and reception makes clear that detecting interference is a non-trivial task compared to, say, monitoring for trespassers.
With these understandings in mind, we can use property and resource analogies to a limited extent, understanding that they'll only go so far because assigning the right to transmit without interference involves fundamentally different physics than assigning real property or natural resources.
But if we back into an understanding of how a radio works from a simplified resource or property analogy we risk thinking that the underlying radio physics work according to the analogy, which they often won't. As a result, the pathologies of the management technique may no longer be obvious because, hey—maybe radio transmissions do fit within neatly circumscribed property lines, just like houses and yards. We then have to wrench the analogies to fit the physics in—"well, spectrum is like a natural resource, except that it's infinitely renewable," or "well, spectrum is just like real property, but with shifting and hard-to-measure five-dimensional boundary lines." Some of the metaphors' shortcomings are easy to understand, but some are quite persistent, such as the presumption that setting property boundaries is relatively easy.
This is sort of like what happens in law and econ, where we set policy based on economic theories rooted in potentially erroneous assumptions of how people act. With law and econ, though, people may start behaving according to the incentives we set for them, therefore making our models look correct even though the effect is largely observation bias, supercharged by the force of law, leading to the (more or less) expected policy outcomes.
But with spectrum policy, the physics of electromagnetism don't change just because we misunderstand them, so flawed understanding leads to flawed policy, which leads to flawed outcomes—which will never self-correct. (Of course, spectrum management deals with macro- and microeconomic issues in addition to physics, so this overstates the case a bit. But you get the point.)
Of course, I don't mean to argue that resource and property analogies aren't useful for spectrum policy. The case for analogical thinking has been a mainstay in technology law ever since Judge Frank Easterbrook lambasted cyberlaw as 'the law of the horse'. But, as Larry Lessig counsels in his rebuttal to Easterbrook, we are well served to understand how technology (or in Jack Balkin's framing, technology's societal salience) changes the aptness of our analogies. And understanding radio physics is critical to understanding not only why resource and property analogies are useful, but where they come up short.
Update (9.14): Pierre kindly pointed out via e-mail that this analysis ought to be complicated with the role of engineering in addition to physics. The distinction (and feedback loops) between the two are really important and interesting and probably worth a whole other post.
Inspired by my law school classmate John Bergmayer's Assorted Free Speech Takes, I realized I needed a forum longer than Twitter and shorter than a law review. Watch this space.


text:
Book explores rich history of Seletar
25 July 2013, 11:58 pm
As part of celebrations for its 45th anniversary, the Seletar Hills Estate Residents' Association (SHERA) will unveil a book tomorrow evening highlighting the estate's rich history. Called 'Down the Seletar River: Discovering a Hidden Treasure of Singapore', the book chronicles the history of Seletar from the 1800s when it was still inhabited by the indigenous Orang Seletar. It also covers the period when Chinese migrants came to the estate, the 1900's rubber industry boom, the development of the British Military Airbase as well as the residential housing estate, and more recent changes towards modernisation. The book also features some historical insights and comments from residents in the area. "It is hoped that this book will enhance public awareness of the rich and vibrant heritage of this northern part of Singapore called Seletar, and also make interesting reading for future generations for whom it will be a chapter in the continuing tale of local heritage history," SHERA said in a statement. Proceeds from the book will go towards the President's Challenge Charity.
Romesh Navaratnarajah, Senior Editor at PropertyGuru, edited this story. To contact him about this or other stories email romesh@allproperty.com.sg
Prices continue to rise despite cooling
Marina Bay condo close to sold out
Free property seminar at Jewel @ Buangkok this Saturday
More from PropertyGuru:
More foreigners shun Singapore property
Dozens of firefighters rallied in Tehran to protest their living conditions, local media reported on Wednesday, marking the fifth anniversary of a tower blaze that caused the death of many of their colleagues.
Germany's Scholz says 'Europe's borders must not be moved by force'
In a speech via video link to the World Economic Forum, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz says that "Europe's borders must not be moved by force". With tens of thousands of Russian troops massed on the Ukrainian border, tensions between Moscow and the West have reached a post-Cold War high and there are growing fears of a major conflict in Eastern Europe.
Papers leaked by Frances Haugen revealed users in India were inundated with fake news and anti-Muslim posts Facebook has earmarked only 13% of its global misinformation budget to non-US countries Photograph: Dado Ruvić/Reuters Former Facebook employee Frances Haugen and other prominent whistleblowers have renewed calls for Facebook to release a long-awaited report on its impact in India, alleging the company is purposely obscuring human rights concerns. More than 20 organizations on Wednesday jo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
L'ApiBundle fourni des WebServices RESTful pour l'intégration des data relatives aux dons
dans le système d'information du client :
  * Reporting
  * Business Intelligence
  * eCRM
  * You name it

# Fonctionnalités et limitations

  * Securité : Le WebService passe sur le canal https
  * Securité : Le WebService utilise l'autentification Oauth pour controller qui accède à quoi
  * Format standard : Nativement les Webservices peuvent produire du Json ou de l'XML. Nous recommandons le Json qui est plus léger
  * Limitations : Pour ne pas surcharger le serveur nous vous recommandons de ne pas appeler les endpoints plus d'une fois par heures.
  * Data : Expose l'ensemble du data-model relative au dons

# Endpoints

Les Endpoints sont les points d'accès du WebService.
La grande majorité des endpoints sont en GET (lecture) uniquement.

## GET /api/v1/customers
Liste des donateurs, sans les intents & payments, par ordre de nouveauté
  * param : since (timestamp)
  * param : limit (int) 10 par défaut, 100 max
  * param : offset (int) 0 par défaut, si il y a plus de limit résultats c'est intéressant

Format de la réponse :
'''
{
	nbResults : "564",
	data : [
		'customerId' : {
			id : 4564,
			email : sgogel@ecedi.fr,
			...
		},
		...
	]
}
'''

## GET /api/v1/customer/{customerId}
Détail d'un donateurs, incluant les Intents
Format de la réponse :
'''
{
	id : 4564,
	email : sgogel@ecedi.fr,
	...
	intents : [
		'0' : {
			'id' : '65',
			'amount' : '5000',
			'currency' : 'EUR',
			'status' : 'done',
		}
	]
}
'''

## A prévoir également avec le remoteID

## UPDATE /api/v1/customer/{customerId}
Mise à jour des champs donateurs (remote_id, address etc...)

## GET /api/v1/intents
Liste des nouveaux dons, incluant micro information sur le donateur (id, lastname, firstname, email)

  * param : since (timestamp)
  * param : limit (int) 10 par défaut, 100 max
  * param : offset (int) 0 par défaut, si il y a plus de limit résultats c'est intéressant

## GET /api/v1/intent/{intentId}
Détail d'un dons, avec liste des paiements

## GET /api/v1/payments

## GET /api/v1/payment/{paymentId}

# Oauth

@see http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcLHvOT5Ekg

@see http://blog.logicexception.com/2012/04/securing-syfmony2-rest-service-wiith.html

@see http://welcometothebundle.com/symfony2-rest-api-the-best-2013-way/
@see http://welcometothebundle.com/web-api-rest-with-symfony2-the-best-way-the-post-method/
@see http://welcometothebundle.com/symfony2-rest-api-the-best-way-part-3/

@see http://blog.tankist.de/blog/2013/07/16/oauth2-explained-part-1-principles-and-terminology/

@see http://aaronparecki.com/articles/2012/07/29/1/oauth2-simplified

## test the api

Avec l'utilitaire en ligne de commande CURL

### Créer un client oAuth

`̀``
$ app/console donate:api:client:create --redirect-uri="http://client.local/" --grant-type="authorization_code" --grant-type="password" --grant-type="refresh_token" --grant-type="token" --grant-type="client_credentials" client.local

 public id 5_3e5eh8pzc1k448s00k8sc0ocw4c0ss044w000s0sw484sswgc0 and secret 23hvk3qa07gg4cogo0c08csog444c4o4sk48wg4gkcgggw08w4 .

`̀``

### Obtenir un token

Le public id est utilisé comme client_id pour obtenir un token

```
curl -I  -H "Accept: application/xml"  http://donate.loc/app_dev.php/oauth/v2/token?client_id=5_3e5eh8pzc1k448s00k8sc0ocw4c0ss044w000s0sw484sswgc0&client_secret=23hvk3qa07gg4cogo0c08csog444c4o4sk48wg4gkcgggw08w4&grant_type=client_credentials
```

Ca réponds bien
`̀``
{"access_token":"ZDgyYzM2Njk4MWU4ZDRlYWIxMzhhZjU3YmZkZWQ4M2ZmNzM1NTE1YTc1YmFhY2YwN2Q2ODg2YmUyNWJjN2VkOQ","expires_in":3600,"token_type":"bearer","scope":null,"refresh_token":"MDA4MWI2MDc4OTRlYmY4ZjQ4YjQyNzdhNGJjYWJkNTdjNDRjODU1Y2JjZTQxMWJmNDc5NzFlNGJiNGYzYzkzNg"}
`̀``

### Faire une requete

Maintenant que j'ai un token je peux l'utiliser pour soliciter une resource REST

`̀``
curl -H "Accept: application/json"  "http://donate.loc/app_dev.php/api/v1/customers.xml?access_token=ZDgyYzM2Njk4MWU4ZDRlYWIxMzhhZjU3YmZkZWQ4M2ZmNzM1NTE1YTc1YmFhY2YwN2Q2ODg2YmUyNWJjN2VkOQ"
`̀``

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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Study can increase conviction rate of sex offenders
16 October 2020 | Story Leonie Bolleurs | Photo Supplied
Kyla Dooley, runner-up in this year's Three-minute thesis competition, wants to pursue a career working alongside police enforcement, using her knowledge of forensics to solve criminal cases and convict perpetrators.
When rapes and sexual assaults are committed, DNA evidence can play a large role in convicting the offenders. DNA evidence collected from sexual crimes can, according to Kyla Dooley, often be tricky to analyse.
Kyla has just completed her master's degree, specialising in Forensic Genetics, at the University of the Free State (UFS). She not only thrives in this field – graduating at the top of the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences in 2018 when she was awarded the Dean's Medal – but her work also brought her the runner-up position in this year's Three-minute thesis competition.
She talked about her research on the use of male-specific DNA in the analysis of DNA evidence collected after crimes of a sexual nature have been committed.
Explaining her research, Kyla elaborates: "In most cases, the victim is female, while the offender is male. Therefore, the evidence is often a mixture of male and female DNA and this can make it difficult to analyse the male DNA and match it to a male suspect."
She believes the solution to this is to target male-specific DNA in analysis. "This eliminates all female DNA and simplifies the process," says Kyla.
"Unfortunately, male-specific DNA technology is not currently used in South Africa, because the DNA regions tested to date haven't shown much success in distinguishing between males in our population," Kyla points out.
"The goal is now to use DNA evidence, to match it to a suspect, and have the confidence that it came from him and only him. Or else defence lawyers could argue that it came from someone else in the population," she says.
Improving DNA evidence
Therefore, Kyla's research focused on evaluating a new group of male-specific DNA regions, which are to be tested yet, to see if it would be a viable option for use in South Africa.
"I achieved this by collecting DNA samples from men on campus, processing them to obtain DNA profiles, and then determining how well these regions can distinguish between the men. The results of my research demonstrate the potential of these DNA regions to improve the use of DNA evidence when investigating sexual assaults in South Africa," says Kyla.
She believes her study can play a role in increasing the conviction rate of sexual offenders, which could lead to a reduction in South Africa's alarmingly high rape statistic.
"Everyone in South Africa is affected by this horrific crime in some way or another, so the benefits of this would be widespread," she says.
Solving crimes
Although Kyla will one day pursue further studies, she is ready for the next stage in her life. "I am in the process of applying for jobs and getting ready to dive into the real world. I'll definitely be pursuing a career working alongside police enforcement to solve criminal cases and convict perpetrators of such crimes. Working for the NYPD in the USA or Scotland Yard in the UK is the ultimate dream job," she says.
"I chose my field not only because the forensics world absolutely fascinates me, but also because I want to make a difference. I want to play a role in getting justice for those affected by violent crimes. One simple process in a forensic scientist's everyday routine could be a life changer for a victim of crime," believes Kyla.
2006-11-30 Workshop on community-based worker systems
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2006-11-17 UFS in joint venture with Empowerdex
2006-11-13 UFS among world's top 1% of universities
2006-11-12 Kovsie culture acknowledges it's best
2006-11-10 Mathews Phosa becomes Visiting Professor
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2006-11-10 Kovsie Xtravaganza 2006
2006-11-09 UFS implements B Ed degree on Qwaqwa campus
2006-11-09 Odeion: Public examination recitals
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This article focuses on resolving disputes over domain names which are identical or confusingly similar to registered trademarks/trade names in Vietnam. According to the current Law on Information Technology and regulations guiding the implementation thereof, such domain name disputes can be resolved in three ways: through negotiation or conciliation; arbitration; or litigation at the competent court. Meanwhile, according to the current Law on Intellectual Property and relating regulations, acts of registering or appropriating the right to use, or using domain names identical or confusingly similar to protected trademarks of other parties in order to appropriate domain names, taking advantage of or harming reputation of those marks, trade names shall be considered as acts of unfair competition, and therefore, can be resolved through administrative proceedings.
In order to initiate a domain name dispute case at the competent court, the plaintiff must provide evidence satisfying the following conditions: (i) the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to the name of the plaintiff, or to the trademark or service mark to which the plaintiff has lawful rights or interests; (ii) the defendant has no lawful rights or interests related to the domain name; and (iii) the domain name is used by the defendant with a malicious intent toward the plaintiff. Thus, a defendant is considered as having lawful rights and interests related to the domain name if he has used or has proof that he is going to use this domain name concerning the actual supply of goods or the provision of services before the dispute arises; or is known to the public for this domain name though he does not have rights to the trademark or service mark; or is lawfully using this domain name in non-commercial activities, legitimately using this domain name for non-commercial purposes or this domain name causes public misunderstanding or confusion, affecting the plaintiff's trade name, trademark or service mark; or has other proof evidencing the lawfulness.
The use of a domain name is considered malicious in the case of, among other circumstances: leasing or transferring a domain name to the plaintiff being the proprietor of a trade name, trademark or service mark identical or confusingly similar to this domain name; leasing or transferring the domain name to the plaintiff's competitors for self interests or illicit profits; appropriating, or preventing the proprietor of a trade name, trademark or service mark from registering a domain name corresponding to the trade name, trademark or service mark: defaming the plaintiff or hindering the plaintiff's business operation or causing public confusion about or distrust in the plaintiff's trade name, trademark or service mark. It may take from six to twelve months from the date of acceptance of the petition for the court to consider the case. Based on a valid judgment of the court, the disputed domain name will be revoked by the VNNIC, and the plaintiff will have fifteen days from the effective date of such judgment for the registration of the domain name.
Under the administrative proceedings, evidence provided by the claimant shall include, but not be limited to, relevant registration certificates, conclusion on the identicalness or confusing similarity between the domain name and protected IP objects, and other evidences for proving the purpose of appropriating domain names, taking advantage of or harming the reputation of the protected IP object by the holder of the domain name. The revocation of the domain name may be imposed as a measure for remedying the consequence of the infringement. Unfortunately, the revocation of the domain name under the administrative proceedings can be implemented for the National code domain names '.vn', but not for international domain names. In addition, because of inconsistencies between IT Law and IP Law, there are conflicts between the views of the VNNIC and the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Science and Technology – the competent authority for handling domain name disputes under the administrative proceedings, so that certain domain name cases get stuck in implementing the administrative decision of the said Inspectorate by VNNIC.
In order to overcome the said inconsistency of regulations, at present, the Ministry of Information Technology and the Ministry of Science and Technology are drafting a joint circular for providing a mechanism of cooperation of competent authorities in handling the domain name disputes in Vietnam. It is expected that the joint-circular will be issued soon.
On April 20, the Ministry of Industry and Trade issued a circular detailing provisions on trade remedies.
The simplification of administrative procedures has now been widely acknowledged as an aim of the Vietnamese government as part of its wider plan to attract more foreign investment ..
Vietnam has passed new regulations governing forex agents, tax, food safety and other aspects which affect conducting business in the country.
New regulations affect business in Vietnam. They cover topics ranging from social insurance to stock market actions to real estate trading floors.
The September Client Alert contains updates on topics from new rules for intellectual property enforcement to a review of more changes in the new enterprise law which are likely to affect many businesses in Vietnam.
Vietnam has issued new regulations that affect PPPs, derivative securities, cross border provision of public information and employment. Here are the most important changes from each new regulation.
This issue discusses the new decree governing notary offices in Vietnam and the new Ministry of Finance circular detailing the payment forms for enterprises in the country. Moreover, it gives some tips on legal networking in Southeast Asia.
Who has power to bind a company in Vietnam?


text:
Q: Soft Delete implementation fails for table with Foreign keys as composite primary key In Sql Server I have a table with following structure.
(CustomerKey|ProductKey|Quantity|CreatedOn|ModifiedOn|DeletedOn)
(GUID,GUID,int,TimeStamp,TimeStamp,TimeStamp)
Primary Key (CustomerKey, ProductKey)
Index

*

*(CustomerKey, ProductKey)

*(Customerkey, ProductKey, DeletedOn)

index 2 is being used to implement soft delete so that when a record is deleted, the DeletedOn is set. so in a table we may have different records with different delete dates but only one record with delete date as null.
this strategy works for tables with single key as primary. the table in question has a composite key with both keys are actually foreign keys.
now consider a record
(xxx-xx-xx, yyy-yy-yy, 12, '2009-12-1', null, null)
I delete this record. now reinsert for the same customer and same primary key. but since the keys are being duplicated i.e. customer and product key therefore it cannot be added.
Any solutions?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tiki Wonders casino slot game may look humble, but it is filled with riches. Hula girls, turtles, birds and dolphins too, but who's counting? NetEnt online slots decided to use tropical islands as a theme and added two fixed jackpot pools into the pot; one is worth 500 and the other one 10.000 coins. The graphics are clear and cute-looking, sounds effects are also nice. There are 5 reels and 30 pay lines in the game. You can also play it as a free slots no download game, no download or payment are needed.
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text:
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Canadian History for Kids: Tom Thomson
Posted by Mickey Maple
Home » Sketches of Our Canada » Canadian History for Kids: Tom Thomson
Canadian History for Kids!
1917, July 8 – Tom Thomson drowns on about this day in Canoe Lake in his beloved Algonquin Park.
This Canadian History for Kids exclusive looks at Canadian legend, Tom Thomson.
No one can be certain what happened on Sunday, July 8th, 1917, the day that Tom Thomson disappeared. He died sometime between July 8, when he was last seen, and July 16, 1917, when his body was found floating in Canoe Lake. The cause of death was recorded as accidental drowning. This Canadian History for Kids, Sketches of Canada, looks at the amazing life of one of Canada's most influential artist's.
This Canadian History for Kids article begins with Thomas John "Tom" Thomson being born near Claremont, Ontario to John and Margaret Thomson. He grew up in Rose Hill, Ontario, near Owen Sound. In 1899, he entered a machine shop apprenticeship at an iron foundry owned by William Kennedy, a close friend of his father. In 1901, he enrolled in a business college in Chatham, Ontario, but dropped out eight months later to join his older brother, George Thomson, who was operating a business school in Seattle. In 1904, he returned to Canada joined Grip Ltd., an artistic design firm in Toronto, where many of the future members of the Group of Seven also worked.
This Canadian History for Kids article continues when Thomson first visited Algonquin Park in 1912. Thereafter he often traveled around Ontario with his colleagues, especially to the wilderness of Ontario, which was to be a major source of inspiration for him. In 1912 he began working, along with other artists who would go on to form the Group of Seven after his death. This Canadian History for Kids article continues when he first exhibited with the Ontario Society of Artists in 1913, and he became a member in 1914 when the National Gallery of Canada purchased one of his paintings. For several years he shared a studio and living quarters with fellow artists, before taking up residence on Canoe Lake. Beginning in 1914 he worked now and then as a fire fighter, ranger, and guide in Algonquin Park, but found that such work did not allow enough time for painting. This Canadian History for Kids article continues during the next three years when he produced many of his most famous works, including The Jack Pine, The West Wind and The Northern River.
This Canadian History for Kids article continues when Thomson disappeared during a canoeing trip on Canoe Lake in Algonquin Park on July 8, 1917, and his body was discovered in the lake eight days later. The official cause of death was accidental drowning, but there were questions about how he actually died. Thomson's body was examined by Dr. Goldwin Howland, and interred in Mowat Cemetery, near Canoe Lake, the day after his body was discovered. Under the direction of his older brother, George Thomson, the body was exhumed two days later and re-interred in the family plot beside the Leith Presbyterian Church on July 21.
This Canadian History for Kids article continues in 1970 when Judge William Little published a book, The Tom Thomson Mystery, recounting how – during 1956 – he and three friends dug up Thomson's original gravesite, in Mowat Cemetery on Canoe Lake. They believed that remains they found were Thomson's. In the fall of 1956, medical investigators determined that the body was that of an unidentified Aboriginal.
Since the publication of The Tom Thomson Mystery, there have been many theories regarding Thomson's cause of death, including suicide and murder. Many suggest that Thomson may have committed suicide over a woman who holidayed at Canoe Lake being pregnant with his child. Others have suggested that Thomson was in a fatal fight with one of two men who were living at Canoe Lake, or killed by poachers in the park.
And that's this week's Canadian History for Kids, exclusive!
Other Canadian History for Kids Sketches of Canada
Canadian History for Kids: Kim Campbell
Canadian History for Kids: John A. Macdonald
Canadian History for Kids: Anthony Calvillo
Canadian History for Kids: Crucified Canadian Soldier
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The Crystal Canoe Caper
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In accordance with its program goals and objectives the director and secretary of the Fund "Bošnjaci" visited nine local elementary schools in May and October of 2009.
RESULTS OF THE LITERARY CONTEST ON THE TOPIC "BETWEEN HOPE AND FEAR"
Cash prizes and awards will be formally handed on Thursday, October 22, 2009 in the premises of the Fund Bosnjaci, 2 Reisa Dz. Causevica Street at 11.00.
Detailed information on the competition can be downloaded here.
Organization of a literal contest on a topic "Between hope and fear"


While ichthammol is not technically an herb, it is of natural origin and our version of this drawing ointment incorporates pine tar. Our ichthammol and pine tar drawing salve is just like the old-tyme product everyone has so many fond memories of and it is amazing as a drawing salve to help draw things from the skin.
Ichthammol (also known as ammonium bituminosulfonate or ichtyol) is used by people for drawing foreign objects from the skin such as splinters, silvers, glass, and thorns. It is known to treat boils, abscesses, ingrown toenails, psoriasis, eczema and also to help pull pus from the skin. Beekeepers also use ichthammol to treat stings from honeybees, wasps and hornets.
Ichthammol is manufactured through distillation of shale oil and as such it has a really strong odor of tar. There are many products claiming to be ichthammol on the market today, but many are actually counterfeits from China that consist of soy. If it doesn't smell strong like tar, it is not ichthammol.
We also incorporate sheep's lanolin for for its wonderful moisturizing qualities.
Ingredients: 20% Ichthammol, Petroleum Jelly, Pine Tar, Lanolin.


text:
Q: How can I keep track of points in delphi I'm struggling to find a way to be able to keep track of points. I'm coding a educational game for my high school 3rd term project and my educational game is a series of multiple choice word problems, what I want to happen is that every time the user clicks on the right answer a point should be added so that when the user reaches the end page and clicks on the 'get results' button that delphi would count up all of the correct answers the user has gotten and displays them in a pop-up message.

A: While solution that David Heffernan suggests in his comment is easiest to implement (before moving to next question you simply check if the user answered correctly and increase points if he did before moving to next question) I would rather go for solution recommended by paulsm4. Why?
His solution recommends storing all the answers user made which in the end gives you ability so that you can show the user which questions did he answer correctly and which not and which would be the correct answers.
Now since you are making an educational game showing the user where he screwed up and his answer should be will greatly improve value and usability of your application.
So how do you implement this:
First I would recommend creating a record for storing information regarding each question like so
RQuestion = record
  //Contains the text which represents the question
  QuestionText: String;
  //Contains text which represents first answer
  Answer1Text: String;
  //Contains text which represents second answer
  Answer2Text: String;
  //Contains text which represents third answer
  Answer3Text: String;
  //Contains text which represents fourth answer
  Answer4Text: String;
  //Simple integer value to store which is the correct answer
  CorrectAnswer: Integer;
  //Simple integer value to store which answer was chosen by the user
  SelectedAnswer: Integer;
end;

Then in order to store required data for all questions you can simply make an array of RQuestion typed items
ArrQuestions: Array[0..NumOfQuestions] of RQuestion;

So now you are able to access data regarding each question like this:
var Questions: ArrQuestions;

...

//Text of the question
QText := Questions[QNum].QuestionText;
//Text of the first answer
A1Text := Questions[Qnum].Answer1Text;
//Text of the second answer
A2Text := Questions[Qnum].Answer2Text;
//Text of the third answer
A3Text := Questions[Qnum].Answer3Text;
//Text of the fourth answer
A4Text := Questions[Qnum].Answer4Text;
//Correct answer
CorrAnsw := Questions[Qnum].CorrectAnswer;
//Chosen answer
SelAnsw := Questions[QNum].SelectedAnswer;

Then in order to calculate the number of points your user has accumulated you simply loop through the array of questions and check if the user answered correctly to them
TotalPoints := 0;
for Qnum := 0 to NumOfQuestions do
begin
  if Questions[QNum].CorrectAnswer = Questions[QNum].SelectedAnswer then
    TotalPoints := TotalPoints+1;
end;

Now as I said before in the end you can give your user ability to review his answers and see which ones did he chose and which ones are the correct ones.
This way you improve the learning ability of your users.

Bonus content
When you are using records and arrays of records in your program you gain the ability to quickly load the information in these records from a file by using of typed files.
//Assign file handle
AssignFile(QFile,'D:\Questions.dat');
//Open file in read only mode
Reset(QFile);
//Set the desired question umber that you want to read
QNume := 10;
//Move file position to the specific question
//Exact position in bytes is automatically calculated
//since we are using typed files
Seek(QFile,QNum);
//Read the data from file into specific variable which can
//Also be a record inside an array
Read(QFile,Questions[QNum]);
//Close the file handle when you are done
CloseFile(QFile);

However you should note that in order to do so your record types needs to be of fixed size. This means that every field/variable inside your record needs to have fixed size.
Unfortunately in case of strings this is not so since in Delphi strings are actually referenced types and their size actually depends on the text that is stored in such string.
So if you would want to gain the ability to load such records directly from a typed file you would have to change all of the strings into short strings
RQuestion = record
  //Contains the text which represents the question
  QuestionText: ShortString;
  //Contains text which represents first answer
  Answer1Text: ShortString;
  //Contains text which represents second answer
  Answer2Text: ShortString;
  //Contains text which represents third answer
  Answer3Text: ShortString;
  //Contains text which represents fourth answer
  Answer4Text: ShortString;
  //Simple integer value to store which is the correct answer
  CorrectAnswer: Integer;
  //Simple integer value to store which answer was chosen by the user
  SelectedAnswer: Integer;
end;

Now the only problem is that ShortStrings only support ANSI based characters. So you may lose the ability to use some of the NON US characters in text.
In case if you need to have UNICODE strings you would have to use a bit different approach. In such approach you won't be storing the text inside the records but instead separately in a StringList . And your records would simply store the index information about specific StringList entry that contains text specific to your question/answer
So the question record would now look like this
RQuestion = record
  //Contains StringList index at which the question text is stored
  QuestionText: Integer;
  //Contains StringList index at which the first answer text is stored
  Answer1Text: Integer;
  //Contains StringList index at which the second answer text is stored
  Answer2Text: Integer;
  //Contains StringList index at which the third answer text is stored
  Answer3Text: Integer;
  //Contains StringList index at which the fourth answer text is stored
  Answer4Text: Integer;
  //Simple integer value to store which is the correct answer
  CorrectAnswer: Integer;
  //Simple integer value to store which answer was chosen by the user
  SelectedAnswer: Integer;
end;

So now you have fixed sized records which can be easily loaded or saved from typed files. And you can easily load or save questions and answers texts into or from StringList by using String Lists LoadFromfile or SaveToFile methods.
And the best thing about this last approach is that you can even have multiple text files where each text file contains text written in different language which gives you easy way to design multiligual tests with your application.


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text:
Abu was a Mesopotamian god. His character is poorly understood, though it is assumed he might have been associated with vegetation and with snakes. He was often paired with the deity Gu2-la2, initially regarded as distinct from Gula, but later conflated with her.

Name and character
The reading of the second sign in the name Ab-u2 is uncertain, and in addition to Abu, the second proposed reading of the name is Abba. According to Jeremiah Peterson, the former option is supported by the partial etymology assigned to this theonym in the myth Enki and Ninmah, lugal u2, "lord of the plants." It might be either an example of scribal wordplay or an invented scholarly etymology for his name. As pointed out by Gianni Marchesi, for the assumed pun on the name to work, it would have to end in the phoneme u. Dina Katz translates Abu's name as "father plant." However, it is generally assumed the theonym is unrelated to Akkadian abum, "father."

Abu's character is poorly known. Irene Sibbing-Plantholt suggests that in the Diyala area he was associated with snakes and the underworld, while in the south of Mesopotamia he instead functioned as a vegetation deity related to various dying gods. However, Gianni Marchesi and Nicolo Marchetti argue that the only evidence for his connection with plantlife is an epithet assigned to him in Enki and Ninhursag, which might not represent his actual functions. In this myth, he is the first of the deities created by Ninhursag to relieve Enki's pain, the other seven being Ninsikila (Meskilak), Ningirida, Ninkasi, Nanshe, Azimua, Ninti and Inzak. He is specifically tasked with dealing with the pain of the scalp, which is most likely a pun on his name and the Akkadian word abbuttu.

Associations with other deities
Due to their frequent juxtaposition, it is assumed that Abu's spouse was the goddess Gu2-la2, whose role in the Mesopotamian pantheon remains poorly known. According to Jeremiah Peterson, while Gu2-la2 eventually came to be treated as an alternate orthography of the theonym Gula, she was most likely originally a distinct deity, and might have still been recognized as such in the Old Babylonian period. Authors who support the view these two homophonous goddesses were originally separate include Marcos Such-Gutiérrez, Joan Goodnick Westenholz and Irene Sibbing-Plantholt. Abu and Gu2-la2 appear together in the Nippur god list, where Gu2-la2 and Gula are kept apart, in other god lists, and in an Old Babylonian seal inscription. In the Weidner god list and in An = Anum Gula is listed as the spouse of Abu, though in the former case the presence of a separate entry for a deity Gulazida, "the true Gula," might indicate that the spouse of Abu and the healing goddess were treated as separate, while the latter might be an example of late confusion. In addition to Gula, Gu2-la2 might have also been conflated or confused with Ukulla, the wife of Tishpak.

A non-standard god list from Nippur places Abu next to Bau, presumably based on their shared connection to Lagash and the graphic similarity between their names. Gebhard Selz points out that a tradition in which Abu was her son is also attested, and proposes that it might be related to the fact that under Uru'inimgina a field associated with Abu has been reassigned to Bau. Abu could also be viewed as a son of Ninhursag and either Enki or Enlil.

According to Irene Sibbing-Plantholt, Abu might correspond to the deity Ipaḫum (or Iba'um), "viper." He was apparently understood as the divine vizier (sukkal) of Ningishzida, though according to Frans Wiggermann he might have originally been associated with Ninazu in the third millennium BCE. A city named after him, Bāb-Iba'um, existed in the proximity of the Diyala River, and appears in four year formulas of king Bilalama of Eshnunna. Despite his name, Iba'um might have been depicted in anthropomorphic form on cylinder seals. A further deity who might correspond to Abu is Abba, the doorkeeper of the Esagil. Identifying Abu with either Dumuzi or Ninurta is limited to texts from the late second and early first millennium BCE.

Worship
Abu is attested in theophoric names from Shuruppak and Lagash from the Early Dynastic period, such as Ur-Abu or Shubur-Abu. He was also one of the gods worshiped in the "trans-Tigridian" area, between the Tigris and the Zagros Mountains. A copper bowl inscribed with a dedication to him has been found in Eshnunna, though it is not certain if it comes from the Early Dynastic or Old Akkadian period. However, a building excavated in the same area sometimes referred to as the temple of Abu in older literature likely did not fulfill such a function in antiquity, and the statue found inside is now agreed to be a representation of a donor rather than a deity. In Lagash, a field named after Abu apparently existed, and an inscription refers to it "Lugalanda's own field." In the Ur III period, Abu received offerings in Kuara in the local temple of Ninsun alongside this goddess, her husband Lugalbanda, Dumuzi and Geshtinanna.

References

Bibliography

External links
Enki and Ninhursag in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

Mesopotamian gods
Nature gods
Snake gods

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
A Celebrity's Sweater From the Spring Festival Gala Goes Viral
Some viewers tune into the annual television event just to spot the latest fashion trends.
Yang Caini
China's Spring Festival Gala has become an unlikely event to look out for fashion and beauty trends.
Outfits worn by celebrities during Saturday night's gala have become a trending topic online, with thousands of people rushing to e-commerce platform Taobao to update their wardrobe. A pink V-neck sweater, with a pair of bows, worn by comedian Jin Jing became an instant hit with "Jin Jing's sweater" trending on microblogging platform Weibo.
First aired in 1983, the Spring Festival Gala has been an annual affair on state broadcaster China Central Television to welcome the Lunar New Year. The gala's massive viewership — some 655 million users watched this year's live show — has turned it into a platform for brand sponsorships, as businesses seek to cash in from the event.
As soon as Jin's sweater trended on social media, vendors on Taobao were quick to offer the similar outfit in their stores. There were several newly added outfits labeled as "the same style worn by Jin Jing" to attract potential consumers.
On lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, many users said they carefully analyzed the hair and makeup from the gala to forecast the next beauty trend. Some have posted do-it-yourself tutorials for a "bunny eye" makeup, which they spotted on one of the hosts, saying it would become popular in the Year of the Rabbit.
In recent years, e-commerce sites have been flooded with gala-related items following the show, ranging from clothes to even face masks. In 2019, a lipstick shade worn by one of the hosts went viral, with an online retailer saying demand for similar color lipsticks surged exponentially after the gala.
Considering the potential business prospects from the Spring Festival Gala, many online suggested that it might be the "best livestreaming" opportunity for sellers to reach millions of consumers. Earlier this year, a livestreaming company said it had attempted to cooperate with CCTV for virtual sales during the gala, but the state broadcaster rejected the offer.
Editor: Bibek Bhandari.
(Header image: From @春晚 on Weibo)
China's Spring Festival 2023 in Numbers
Bunny Business Picks Up in the Year of the Rabbit
Spirited Away: A Peek into the World of China's Door Gods
A Bunny Hop Through Centuries of Chinese Art


Is it okay to put hair accessories on my dog?
Yes, if they don't cause distress, discomfort or harm. If you're thinking of bobbles in fringed areas, it's important you don't put them in too tightly or trap the skin, and you should remove the bobble daily. I'd advise against using such hair accessories if your dog's liable to remove it, chew it and eat it. There have been cases where owners have put bobbles in dogs' ears and the ear has then had to be removed as they put it around the earlobe – so please take care.
It doesn't matter how much I bathe my dog, she still smells! What can I do?
This could be down to a variety of issues. Does she have a skin condition? What shampoo do you use? Are you getting her perfectly dry? Some skin infections do make the dog smell; yeast-based dermatitis, for example. If you're using an overly strong shampoo, you may be stripping the skin and coat of oils; the skin then over-produces oil to compensate, resulting in a smell. Finally, many dogs are not dried sufficiently after bathing at home, resulting in a smelly dog next day. You don't say which breed you have, but I'd book in with a professional groomer and have her assessed and groomed – you may be surprised at how long-lasting the freshness will be!


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Carbon Monoxide is a highly poisonous gas that can infiltrate your home from a number of different sources. Anything from your furnace and chimney to your gas-fueled large appliances. It is important to take safety precautions to make sure you are keeping the deadly gas out of your home.
Let our family help protect your family by scheduling a Carbon Monoxide check today!
When it comes to installation, there's nobody better in the business. We install high-efficiency Goodman and Trane equipment and your estimate on a replacement unit is ALWAYS free of charge. We know that people never plan for their furnace to go out on them, so we offer convenient and flexible financing, in addition to several furnace options. We'll find the right furnace for your home. And you'll be surprised at how an energy efficient furnace installed by Thrasher Service will cut down on your energy bills.
In addition to servicing and installing replacement furnaces, we do offer a wide variety of services including boiler service and installation, heat pump service and installation, geothermal system service and installation and SO MUCH MORE. If it has to do with heating your home, Thrasher Service will meet your needs every time!!!
"Fast service and better priced than the other companies I considered using! My furnace went out, and they were able to send a technician early the next morning. Their extra fee for a high priority visit was lower than the two other places I called, and I was pleasantly surprised by the cost of the repair. I also asked the technician a lot of questions and he was very friendly and knowledgeable."


text:
Woman and kids taken to hospital after pile-up on A46
Officers would like to hear from anyone with dashcam footage
Emma Grimshaw
The crash happened near to the Crown Inn pub (Image: Google Maps)
A woman and two children were taken to hospital with minor injuries after a three-car pile-up on the A46 at Dyrham.
The smash happened at around 4.40pm on Tuesday (August 25), just south of the Crown Inn pub.
Three cars - a red Kia C'EED, a white Mini Cooper and a grey Suzuki Alto - were involved in the collision.
Avon and Somerset Police has launched an investigation, and officers are urging anyone with dashcam to come forward.
A force spokesperson said: "A woman in her 50s and two children suffered minor injuries.
"They were taken to hospital but have now been discharged.
Bristol man went in to pub and tried to abduct barmaid's toddler
Ozzy Parsons: Call 999 if you see this missing teenager
"Police are keen to hear from anyone who witnessed the collision, or may have dashcam footage that could assist their investigation.
"If you can help, call 101, quoting reference 837 - August 25."
'Residents have broken down': Plans to pedestrianise Bristol street spark legal threat
Easton'In all honesty, I have cried myself'


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text:
Almira Sessions, née le  à Washington (district de Columbia) et morte le  à Los Angeles (Californie), est une actrice américaine.

Biographie
Almira Sessions entame sa carrière en 1909 au théâtre, se produisant entre autres dans le répertoire du vaudeville. En particulier, elle joue six fois à Broadway, depuis une revue en 1932 jusqu'à une comédie musicale en 1939-1940. Entretemps, citons la pièce Ethan Frome de David et Owen Davis (adaptation du roman éponyme d'Edith Wharton, 1936, avec Raymond Massey dans le rôle-titre et Ruth Gordon), ainsi que l'opérette L'Auberge du Cheval-Blanc de Ralph Benatzky (1936-1937, avec Kitty Carlisle et William Gaxton).

Au cinéma, comme second rôle ou non créditée, elle contribue à cent-vingt-neuf films américains (y compris des westerns), les deux premiers sortis en 1932, dont un court métrage. Suivent notamment Les Voyages de Sullivan de Preston Sturges (1941, avec Joel McCrea et Veronica Lake), Monsieur Verdoux de Charlie Chaplin (1947, avec le réalisateur et Martha Raye), Harvey d'Henry Koster (1950, avec James Stewart et Josephine Hull), Casanova Junior de Don Weis (1953, avec Debbie Reynolds et Bobby Van), ou encore L'Étrangleur de Boston de Richard Fleischer (1968, avec Henry Fonda et Tony Curtis). Son dernier film est Willard de Daniel Mann (1971, avec Bruce Davison et Elsa Lanchester).

À la télévision américaine, outre un téléfilm diffusé en 1969, elle apparaît dans cinquante-trois séries, depuis la série-western The Lone Ranger (deux épisodes, 1950) jusqu'à 1972. Entretemps, mentionnons Les Aventuriers du Far West (deux épisodes, 1955-1957), Alfred Hitchcok présente (deux épisodes, 1959-1960), Les Monstres (un épisode, 1964) et Les Mystères de l'Ouest (un épisode, 1968).

Almira Sessions meurt en 1974, à 85 ans. Elle est inhumée au Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

Théâtre à Broadway (intégrale)
1932 : Chamberlain Brown's Scrap Book, revue produite et écrite par Chamberlain Brown, musique et lyrics de divers auteurs :  Knickerbocker
1936 : Ethan Frome, adaptation par David et Owen Davis du roman éponyme d'Edith Wharton, décors et lumières de Jo Mielziner : une citoyenne de Starkfield
 1936-1937 : L'Auberge du Cheval-Blanc (White Horse Inn), opérette, musique de Ralph Benatzky, livret original d'Erik Charell, Hans Müller et Robert Gilbert adapté par David Freedman, nouveaux lyrics d'Irving Caesar, costumes d'Ernst Stern et Irene Sharaff, direction musicale de Victor Baravalle, mise en scène d'Erik Charell :  Katzenjammer
1937 : Curtain Call de Le Roy Bailey : Lolo Campinii
1938 : Shadow and Substance de Paul Vincent Carroll, mise en scène de Peter Godfrey : Rosie Violet
1939-1940 : Yokel Boy, comédie musicale, musique et lyrics de Lew Brown, Charles Tobias et Sam H. Stept, livret et mise en scène de Lew Brown :  Hawkins

Filmographie partielle

Cinéma

 1940 : Little Nellie Kelly de Norman Taurog :  Corrigan
 1940 : La Roulotte rouge ou La Belle Écuyère (Chad Hanna) d'Henry King :  Mott (rôle coupé au montage)
 1941 : Les Oubliés (Blossoms in the Dust) de Mervyn LeRoy :  Brown
 1941 : Three Girls About Town de Leigh Jason : Tessie Conarchy
 1941 : Tu seras mon mari (Sun Valley Serenade) d'H. Bruce Humberstone : la gouvernante de Karen
 1941 : Les Voyages de Sullivan (Sullivan's Travels) de Preston Sturges : Ursula
 1942 : Ma femme est un ange (I Married an Angel) de W. S. Van Dyke :  Scallion
 1942 : Ma sœur est capricieuse (My Sister Eileen) d'Alexander Hall : une future locataire
 1943 : The Heat's On de Gregory Ratoff : Hannah Bainbridge
 1943 : L'Étrange Incident (The Ox-Bow Incident) de William A. Wellman :  Swanson
 1943 : Un commando en Bretagne (Assignment in Brittany) de Jack Conway :  Perro
 1943 : Lily Mars vedette (Presenting Lily Mars) de Norman Taurog : la directrice de la pension de famille
 1943 : L'Amour travesti (Slightly Dangerous) de Wesley Ruggles : la propriétaire de Peggy
 1943 : Young Ideas de Jules Dassin : une membre du club
 1943 : Madame Curie (titre original) de Mervyn LeRoy :  Michaud
 1944 : Caravane d'amour (Can't Help Singing) de Frank Ryan : la femme de Lemuel
 1944 : Miracle au village (The Miracle of Morgan's Creek) de Preston Sturges : la femme du juge
 1944 : San Diego I Love You de Reginald Le Borg :  Mainwaring
 1944 : Le Bal des sirènes (Bathing Beauty) de George Sidney :  Phillips
 1945 : L'Homme du sud (The Southerner) de Jean Renoir : une cliente de l'épicerie
 1945 : La Foire aux illusions (State Fair) de Walter Lang : la femme du fermier
 1945 : Two O'Clock Courage d'Anthony Mann :  Daniels
 1945 : The Woman Who Came Back de  : Bessie
 1946 : Le Journal d'une femme de chambre (The Diary of a Chambermaid) de Jean Renoir : Marianne
 1946 : Voulez-vous m'aimer ? (Do You Love Me) de Gregory Ratoff :  Wayburn
 1946 : Frayeur (Fear) d'Alfred Zeisler :  Williams
 1946 : La vie est belle (It's a Wonderful Life) de Frank Capra : la secrétaire de Potter
 1947 : Embrassons-nous (I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now) de Lloyd Bacon :  Claybourne
 1947 : Monsieur Verdoux (titre original) de Charlie Chaplin : Lena Couvais
 1947 : Éternel Tourment (Cass Timberlane) de George Sidney : Tilda Hatter
 1947 : Honni soit qui mal y pense (The Bishop's Whife) d'Henry Koster : la première dame chez Michel
 1948 : L'Amour sous les toits (Apartment for Peggy) de George Seaton :  Landon
 1948 : La mariée est folle (The Bride Goes Wild) de Norman Taurog :  Williams
 1948 : Ce bon vieux Sam (Good Sam) de Leo McCarey : la propriétaire
 1948 : Ma femme et ses enfants (Family Honeymoon) de Claude Binyon : une servante
 1949 : Le Rebelle (The Fountainhead) de King Vidor : la gouvernante de Dominique
 1949 : Night Unto Night de Don Siegel : une servante de l'hôtel
 1949 : Une balle dans le dos (Undertown) de William Castle :  Prentiss
 1949 : Roseanna McCoy d'Irving Reis et Nicholas Ray : la cousine Zinny
 1950 : La Main noire (Black Hand) de Richard Thorpe : une touriste
 1950 : J'ai trois amours (Please Believe Me) de Norman Taurog :  Russell
 1950 : La Jolie Fermière (Summer Stock) de Charles Walters : Constance Fliggerton
 1950 : Harvey d'Henry Koster :  Halsey
 1951 : Le Môme boule-de-gomme (The Lemon Drop Kid) de Sidney Lanfield et Frank Tashlin :  Santoro
 1953 : La Femme au gardénia (The Blue Gardenia) de Fritz Lang : une femme de ménage
 1953 : Casanova Junior (The Affairs of Dobbie Gillis) de Don Weis : la tante Naomi
 1953 : Le Voleur de minuit (The Moonlighter) de Roy Rowland : Angelica Usqubaugh
 1954 : L'Éternel féminin (Forever Female) d'Irving Rapper : la mère de Tommy
 1955 : Beau fixe sur New York (It's Always Fair Weather) de Stanley Donen et Gene Kelly : la directrice de la maison Longwood
 1955 : La Fureur de vivre (Rebel Without a Cause) de Nicholas Ray : la vieille institutrice
 1956 : Énigme policière () de Michael Curtiz : la propriétaire
 1958 : L'Or du Hollandais (The Badlanders) de Delmer Daves : une passagère de la diligence
 1961 : Été et Fumées (Summer and Smoke) de Peter Glenville : une membre du comité
 1965 : À corps perdu (A Rage to Live) de Walter Grauman : la diseuse de bonne aventure
 1968 : Les Cinq Hors-la-loi (Firecreek) de Vincent McEveety : une villageoise
 1968 : L'Étrangleur de Boston (The Boston Strangler) de Richard Fleischer : Emma Hodak
 1968 : Rosemary's Baby de Roman Polanski :  Sabatini
 1971 : Willard de Daniel Mann : Carrie Smith

Télévision

(séries, sauf mention contraire)
1950 : The Lone Ranger, saison 1, épisode 22 Les Voleurs de moutons (Sheep Thieves : Maria) de George Archainbaud et épisode 47 Le Mauvais Homme (The Wrong Man : Letty)
1950 : Dick Tracy, saison 2, épisode 8 B.O. Plenty's Folly et épisode 24 The Ghost of Gravel Gertie : Gravel Gertie
1952-1953 : Les Aventures de Superman (The Adventures of Superman), saison 1, épisode 6 Night of Terror (1952) de Lee Sholem et épisode 21 The Human Bomb (1953) de Lee Sholem :  Bachrach
1952 : The Cisco Kid
Saison 3, épisode 13 Thunderhead (1952 : la tante Christine) de Sobey Martin et épisode 14 Bell of Santa Margarita (1952 : Michaela) de Sobey Martin
Saison 4, épisode 12 The Racoon Story (1953) de Paul Landres : Sarah Hotchkiss
1955 : Lassie, saison 2, épisode 7 The Monster : Louise
1955-1957 : Les Aventuriers du Far West (Death Valley Days)
Saison 4, épisode 5 Miracle of the Sea Gulls (1955) de Stuart E. McGowan : Ellen Kimball
Saison 5, épisode 13 The Rosebush of Tombstone (1957) de Stuart E. McGowan : Nellie Cashman
1956 : Rintintin (The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin), saison 2, épisode 16 Le Trésor de l'écossais perdu (Scotchman's Gold) de Douglas Heyes : Missus Scrag
1957 : Cheyenne, saison 2, épisode 9 The Iron Trail de Leslie H. Martinson :  Thatcher
1958 : Monsieur et Madame détective (The Thin Man), saison 2, épisode 1 Scene of the Crime :  Shubert
1959-1960 : Alfred Hitchcock présente (Alfred Hitchcock Presents)
Saison 4, épisode 33 Le Tiroir secret (The Dusty Drawer, 1959) d'Herschel Daugherty :  Merrell
Saison 5, épisode 23 Le Testament de Craig (Craig's Wife, 1960) de Gene Reynolds : la gouvernante
1963 : Le Jeune Docteur Kildare (Dr. Kildare), saison 2, épisode 28 Tighttrope Into Nowhere d'Elliot Silverstein :  Bonner
1964 : Les Monstres (The Munsters), saison 1, épisode 3 Y'a des nuits comme ça (A Walk on the Mild Side) de Norman Abbott : la vieille femme
1967 : Laredo, saison 2, épisode 18 The Bitter Yen of General Ti : la première surveillante
1968 : Les Mystères de l'Ouest (The Wild Wild West), saison 4, épisode 4 La Nuit de l'éternelle jeunesse (The Night of the Sedgewick Curse) de Marvin J. Chomsky : Lavinia Sedgewick âgée
1969 : La Vieille Garde (The Over-the-Hill Gang) de Jean Yarbrough (téléfilm) :  Fletcher
1970 : Docteur Marcus Welby (Marcus Welby, M.D.), saison 2, épisode 4 Epidemic de Daniel Petrie :  Truscott

Liens externes

Naissance à Washington (district de Columbia)
Actrice américaine de cinéma
Actrice américaine de théâtre
Actrice de western
Personnalité américaine incinérée
Personnalité inhumée au Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Naissance en septembre 1888
Décès en août 1974
Décès à Los Angeles
Décès à 85 ans


Doing Business with the City of Dallas Come engage with the City of Dallas and hear about how to do business with the City of Dallas, the basics steps of submitting bids, how to navigate through our bidding system and the new initiatives underway to build a robust diversity foot print for the City contracting.
If you have any questions, please contact us at (214) 860-5889.
The Essential Small Business Marketing Tools for Federal Contracting training is designed to assist small business owners to determine if small business certificaiton programs can be an effective marketing technique to grow their business with federal government.
If you have any questions, please contact us at 214-860-5889.
The SBA Certification Class provides a general understanding of the three core procurement certification programs. An SBA representative will be presenting the information to help you determine which one(s) might be appropriate for your business.


text:
Q: Difference between angular as global variable and parameter? I wrote a factory of Angular. There was a critical error for me. I wandered to fix it. Finally, I cleared this problem... without reason. So I need clear description of below  code problem.
Here is my code A:
    angular
    .module('BinD', ['ngSails'])
    .factory('UserService', function ($sails) {
        ...
    });

And another B is:
(function (angular) {
    'use strict';

    angular
    .module('BinD', ['ngSails'])
    .factory('UserService', function ($sails) {
        ...
    });
})(angular);

And the error part is:
(function (angular) {
'use strict';

angular
    .module('BinD', ['ngSails'])
    .controller('SignUpCtrl', function ($scope, $window, UserService) {

code B works well. code A made error message "UserServiceProvider is unknown(may?)". I really don't know why aforemetioned two same code works differently. Let me know about it.

A: Wrapping the .factory call in a function shouldn't make any difference.  I think you must have made a different change as-well.
In your third code snippet, when you call .module with two parameters you create a new module.  This would overwrite the module you created in either "Code A" or "Code B".
You are not reusing the same module, but creating a new one.  Therefore it makes sense that your UserService does not exist on the new module.
Your last snippet should call .module('BinD') with only one parameter.  Just the name of the module you want to use.
angular
    .module('BinD')
    .controller('SignUpCtrl', function ($scope, $window, UserService) {

Another option is that you only call .module once, and save it.
var app = angular.module('BinD', ['ngSails']);

Then later you can call app.controller or app.factory without having to worry about the syntax.

A: In your Code A or Code B in both part you had created one module BinD with the dependency of ngSails and then you are registering factory with that module, but Code A will declare a variable globally if you are using it & Code B will do the coding using IIFE pattern which will make your variable available inside the declared function only. But that doesn't related your error which you are getting.
Inside your controller you want utilize that factory, but while you are creating controller you shouldn't create a new module like by doing angular.module('BinD', ['ngSails']), which will flush the previously registered factory(or other components) with the BinD module and will create a new module with name BinD. That's why after injecting  UserService inside your controller is throwing an $injector error, because the UserService is not available inside that module.
Controller
(function (angular) {
'use strict';

angular
    .module('BinD') //<- utilizing already created module
    .controller('SignUpCtrl', function ($scope, $window, UserService) {


text: THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE OVER "RED HOUSE," TRINIDAD'S GOVERNMENT BUILDING, WAVES THE UNION JACK Headquarters of the Governor and Executive Council, who administer the Colony of Trinidad and Tobago, is this arcaded building whose nickname refers to the brilliant color of its exterior. Hel meted native policemen stand at attention at a corner of Woodford Square. A troop of Light Horse serves as the Governor's mounted escort on State occasions such as the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Kent in 1935. You meet with a yellow-breasted bird in the park that interrupts you by seeming to speak French. "Qu'est-ce qu'il dit? Qu'est-ce qu'il dit?" he asks interminably. "What did he say? What did he say?" But the bird (the Derby flycatcher) never waits for an answer, hopping off to ask his empty little question of someone else. A LITERAL OPEN HOUSE I stopped at Government House one afternoon to visit the aide. We had tea on the veranda. "Why is the house so open?" I asked, waving at the doors and windows. "Don't you ever have a burglar?" "We have not had one yet," he said. "We keep the place open to get the air. The wind here in Trinidad is cool so long as you're out of the sun. So far as in truders go, the status of Governor seems to be so firmly fixed and unapproachable to these native people that even the idea of entering the grounds gives them consider able awe. West Indians have a good re spect." I had noticed how smartly the native policemen in Port-of-Spain controlled the traffic. Given a post of some authority, they dropped the more instinctive attitude of compliance with old bondages. They had expected no such power as that which was granted them, and in their effort to prove worthy of it, and to retain it, they seek to imitate the qualities of the British officials. It is a heartening sight. "I'll tell you about the West Indians' respect for power," continued the aide. "When the Duke and Duchess of Kent came to visit Trinidad in 1935, we had a lawn party here in the grounds of Govern ment House (page 337 and Plate III). "We invited about 1,500 people. The grounds could accommodate that number, but very few more. So we had the problem of keeping the remainder of the curious 324


Do you have any customer discounts?
Yes. We offer a $.03 per gallon discount for senior citizens (60 or older) and military members. Call Customer Service at 410-876-6800 for details.
Can I view my account balance and make a payment online?
Yes! Use Anytime Account Access to view your account information, check your balance, make payments, and more! It's like having a Customer Service Representative with you 24/7!
Yes. The payment and personal information you provide to us in the course of business are protected and safe. Our Secure Layer (SSL) software is the industry standard and is among the best available today for secure commerce transactions. It encrypts all your personal information, including credit card number, name and address, so that it cannot be read over the Internet.
Do I have to pay for my heating oil delivery all at once, or can I pay over time?
Our popular Monthly Payment Plan option allows you to divide the estimated cost of your heating oil deliveries into lower equal monthly payments. Customers also have the option of paying for their entire heating oil delivery within 30 days, but most people prefer to spread this cost out, especially if they receive multiple winter deliveries spaced within a short period of time. There are no finance charges, and we even pay you interest on credit balances you accumulate during the season!
Can I include the cost of a service plan into my monthly payment plan for my heating oil?
Yes. In addition to dividing your anticipated heating oil costs into equal monthly payments, you may also include your service plans.
Yes. Heating oil is one of the safest and cleanest fuels ever developed. Oil is biodegradable, produces low emissions, and will not burn in a liquid state. If a lit match were dropped into a container of heating oil, the oil would extinguish the flame, just like water does! To be ignited, oil must be vaporized, which only occurs under pressure at 140°F. Properly set and maintained oil burners produce very low, safe levels of carbon monoxide as a normal part of the combustion process. And if there is ever a malfunction in your heating system, there's little or no need to worry about an explosion or the release of carbon monoxide into your home.
Do you have contracts, delivery, or cancellation fees?
We don't believe it's right to chain a customer to their oil supplier. We want to earn your loyalty through quality fuel and friendly customer service. We don't lock customers into contracts, delivery fees, cancellation fees, or any hidden fees for that matter.
Why do prices fluctuate so much?
Supply, demand, and speculation. Rapidly growing economies, like China and India are having a dramatic impact on worldwide demand for oil, while unknown winter temperatures make it hard to predict winter demand for oil. Similar worldwide and regional factors affect the supply side. Circumstances in major oil-producing regions affect global supply. Here, in the U.S., if we experience a mild winter, fuel inventories (fuel that is ready to be delivered for consumption) build up, and prices typically decrease. Conversely, colder-than-expected temperatures cause prices to increase as inventories decrease.
How do you know when it's time to deliver oil to my home?
Each customer has a "K factor" attached to their account. Your K factor is derived from several dynamics: size of your home, equipment efficiency, alternate fuels, etc. Similar to your car's miles-per-gallon ratio, your K factor allows us to estimate how much oil your home uses. Combined with the number of degree days, our computer system provides an extremely accurate portrait of your home's fuel usage. We can usually make such predictions about your home's patterns after three deliveries to your house. Until then, we will stick on the conservative side so that you will not run out of fuel. If a change has occurred in your home (new addition, new baby, alternate heat source), let us know, so that we can recalculate accordingly.
Do heating oil prices have any effect on my delivery schedule?
No, price is not a factor in deciding when your deliveries are scheduled. We schedule deliveries when our computerized delivery system projects that your tank is between 1/3 and 1/2 full.
Will you deliver more oil if I am on automatic delivery?
No. We schedule deliveries when our computerized delivery system projects that your tank is between 1/3 and 1/2 full. Smaller, more frequent deliveries are inefficient and would drive fuel prices up unnecessarily. We do everything we can to keep our fuel prices as low as possible!
A degree day is the standard unit of measurement used to estimate the energy needed to heat homes and buildings. It allows us to predict when you will require your next oil delivery. When the temperatures outside are colder, your furnace burns more oil, which is represented by more degree days. On a day when the temperature is warm, however, there are less degree days.
What if it snows when I am due for a delivery?
Our delivery team keeps a close watch on weather forecasts to anticipate extreme weather, especially snow and ice storms. By using our sophisticated delivery projection system, we know when you will need a delivery and make adjustments to your delivery cycle based on weather forecasts. We also do our best to deliver to customers with difficult driveways before storms make driveways impassable.
What is your "No Run-Out" Guarantee?
We're so confident in our ability to make timely automatic deliveries that we guarantee that you will not run out of oil. If you run out of oil because we failed to properly schedule your delivery, we will give you $50 worth of oil for free!
Am I able to order heating oil on my smartphone?
Yes! You can easily order heating oil from your smartphone or computer in Anytime Account Access! Set up your secure login today if you have not already done so!
I supplement my oil heat with a wood stove (or other type of fuel). Will that affect my automatic deliveries?
All sources of heat should be reflected in our delivery projections for your home. Please call us if you begin or stop using a supplemental heat source.
Do I need to be home to get oil delivered?
No. We can deliver fuel anytime without anyone being home. The only time you need to be home is if we have to enter the house i.e. to start the burner, or complete a gas check. If you have pets, please ensure their safety and the safety of our delivery personnel by properly securing all pets.
What if I only want deliveries in the winter?
You can request a "summer hold," which will inform our team not to make a delivery between March 15th and October 15th. Call Customer Service at 410-876-6800 to request this hold on your account.
What can I do to help my delivery person when we have bad weather?
Before snow covers the ground, place a stake with a colored grocery bag or ribbon on it to mark the location of your oil tank fill.
In times of very deep snow, uncover the fill pipe. Your delivery person would also appreciate it if you clear a path to your fill pipe.
If you have a long driveway, remember that a delivery truck is much wider than a car. When plowing your driveway, please have it plowed 11 feet wide, which will be enough for the delivery truck.
What should I do if I am running low on oil and cannot get a delivery immediately?
We recommend that customers keep their oil level above 30 gallons. Therefore, if you think you will fall below 30 gallons or fear you will run out of oil completely, you may purchase diesel or kerosene fuel from a reputable gas station until you are able to get a delivery. Your safety matters to us, and we will do everything we can to deliver to you as soon as possible!
What if I need heating oil delivered after hours or on a weekend or holiday?
Yes. Tevis has local employees that monitor phone calls beyond regular office hours. We provide emergency service 24/7/365. If we do not answer your phone call immediately, we will call you back in a few short moments!
How can I tell what size oil tank I have?
This is a very common question, so common in fact, we have written a blog about the subject. Read the blog post: What size is my oil tank?
Determining the size of the oil tank and the amount of oil in the tank is relatively easy. Measure the width, height and depth of your oil tank.